'11 mi WESTMINSTER FROM BLACKl- KlAkS BRIDGE — MGHl London City Its History— Streets—Traffic Buildings— People BY W. J. ^LOFTIE, B.A., F.S.A. ILLUSTRATED BY W. LUKER, JR, FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS ENGRAVED BY CH. GUILLAUME ET C"S IRAKIS LONDON The Leadenhall Prefs, 50 Leadenhall Street, E.G. Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd. 5\ji£; 2'ork: Scribner & Welford, 743 & 745 Broadway 1891 T/ic ivhole of the III list rations in 'London City' an from orii^-inal linvMings, and are copyright. 'm-- THE LEADENIIAI.L I'RKSS, LONUON CITY. T- 4.443- BY COMMAND DEDICATED TO Li Her Majesty the Queen m901L^58 STATIONERS HALL PREFACE These chapters form a scries of sketches, each of which is complete in itself. In compiling them I ha\e been obliged continually to go ov'er ground already occupied by myself or others. I ha\e endea- voured, nevertheless, to include the results of the latest researches and discoveries ; and although it is not easy to say anything absolutely new about such a well-worn theme, I hope I have been able to put some facts in a new light, and to strengthen the position of others which may hitherto have appeared obscure. W. J. L. CITY CLL'I), 01.l> liKUAl) STREET COMMERCIAL SALE ROOMS, MINTING LANE CONTENTS Origin of the City CHAPTER I PAGi; 3 CHAPTER n The Growth of the City 51 CHAPTER HI The City Government 89 CONTENTS Commerce CHAPTER IV PAGE 1^,1 The Churches CHAPTER V 175 TUK CiTV AS IT IS . CHAPTER VI 221 WAKHKOHi; IM.ACl!, DOCTORS COMMONS 'BUY A ROSK, SrR?" — FLOWER GIRLS IN CHEAPSIDE ILLUSTRATIONS Alderman's Walk, nishopsgatc Street Aldersgate Street Aklgate Pump .... All Hallows' Barking Cluirch " .\11 'ot, 25 a penny ! " Apothecaries' Hall, Water Lane, I'.lackfriars Arms of London City . Auction Mart, Tokcnhouse Yard . Austin Friars .... Bakers' Hall, Exterior Baltic, The, Threadneedle Street . Saleroom in . . . Bank of England and Royal Exchange First Court . Fleet Street Fountain Court . North-west corner Barbers' Hall, Exterior Barings' Bank, Bishopsgate .Street Wi 3 5 '5' 4 178 70 riars 133 iii 261 75 138 274 275 167 166 162 .65 163 144 lin 169 Barings' Bank, Interior . . . . 172 Barnard's Inn . . . 241, 245, 245, 246 Billingsgate Market — Early Morning . . 59 Blackfriars Bridge ..... 209 Blackfriars — Nightfall 215 Brewers' Hall, Exterior . . . . 1 4' British and Foreign Bible Society, Queen Victoria .Street . . . • 1 7 ' Broad Street 282 Butchers' Hall " Buy a rose, sir?" — Flower Girls in Cheapside Cannon .Street ...... Old London Stone .... Station — Night Carpenters' Hall, London Wall, showing carved panels of door Carting .Snow ...... Carting Snow to the River .... Change Alley, Cornhill, In . 98 4 :67 94 74 45 7 ILLUSTRATIONS I'AGE Chapel of the Rolls .... 249 Charterhouse, Exterior 197 Dining Hall .... 198 Staircase ..... 246 Cheapside — A Rainy Day . 139 Bennett's Clock .... SI Under the Tree .... 144 Christ's Hospital, Archway . 1 1 1 Boys in Playground 105 Cloister ..... I 12 Great Hall, lioys at Dinner . 109 City Auction Rooms, Gracechurch Street 134 Carlton Club .... 128 Character, A — New London .Street, Fen church Street .... 79 Club, Okl liroad Street viii Liberal Club, Walbrook 21 1 of London Schools 239 Clifford's Inn ..... 241 Cloth Fair "5 " Ye Dick Whittington " 52 Clothworkers' Hall, Mincing Lane, showing Arms over doorway . 94 Coal Exchange ..... 135 College of Arms ..... 19 Council Chamber 266 Public Room in, and Coat of Arms ovei door ..... 103 "Come along, Miss, come along !" 86 Commercial Sale-rooms, Mincing Lane. ix Coopers' Hall ..... 98 Cordwainers' Hall .... 66 Cornhill, No. 28 .... 258 Nos. 66 and 67 . 133 View of .... . 67 Crosby Hall, liack view 69 From Great St. Helen's 66 Front view ..... 69 Crosby Square, No. 4, Old Garden at . xvi Custom House ..... 159 Daily News Offices .... 47 Daily Telegraph Offices • 253 Doctors' Commons .... 192 Entrance to ... . 192 Vicar-General's Office . '95 Drapers' Hall, Exterior . . . . Interior ...... Dutch Reformed Church, Austin Friars Fives and Allen's Offices (Agents of the Inman Line and Wells Fargo's Ex- press), 99 Cannon Street . Electric Railway Station (City and South Lon- don), King William Street — Exterior Interior ..... Fenchurch Street Railway Station Fishmongers' Hall, London Bridge Fleet Street, showing Temple Bar Mcmoria and Child's Bank Showing the Law- Courts Showing St. Paul's Fountain Court, Temple Sundial in . " Fox," Sign of the, 24 Lombard Street Gog Goldsmiths' Hall Goldsmith, Monument to. Temple Church Gough Square . Grasshopper Chop House, The Old, in Grace church Street . Gray's Inn Gardens, Gate in Gray's Inn Square Great St. Helen's Entrance to . . . Old Houses in . Great Tower Street Gresham Club, Exterior Grocers' Hall . Guildhall, Council Chamber Front Exit .... Great Hall .... Library .... Police Court The Crypt .... Tlie Porch .... Haberdashers' Hall Hill, Sir Rowland, Statue of Holborn Circus — A Winter's Morning llolborn, Prudential .Assurance Co.'s Offices PAGE 99 294 287 285 36 136 231 220 22 c 214 227 162 104 >3S 61 254 279 224 221 12, 15 65 1 1 3 161 149 88 71 91 23 73 103 104 14S 147 SO 53 ILLUSTRATIONS Ilolborn X'iackict A Slippery Day . Inner Temple Hall Ironmongers' Hall Jerusalem Chambers, Cornliill Jews' Synagogue, Great St. Helen's Johnson's Court, Gougli Square . I I 55 .250 116 270 147 257 Lincoln's Inn Chapol . . . . .176 Old Buildings in . . . . . 242 The Old Gateway in Clianrcry l.anc . 196 Under Chapel . . . . .177 Liverpool Street Station, F.xtcrioi . . 271 Lloyds' Bank, Lombard Street . . . [69 " Lloyd's," Royal Exchange . . 157 Lombard Street . . . . . .158 -■V|;gS=:.:* -^Vf- TKINnV HOUSE, TOWER HILL Johnson's Court, Cough Scpiare, another \icw Junior ISeadle of the Royal Exchange . King's Bench Walk .... King's Bench Walk, Doorway in . Lamp and Glass Cleaners Leadenhall House Market .... Market, One of the Entrances to Leadenhall Press, The Leathersellers' Hall 257 197 224 31 65 243 62 iv 97 London Bridge from the I\iv( Going across Shipping from South L'nemployed London Parcels Delivery Company, Lane .... Tavern, Fenchurch .Street Ludgate Circus .... Ludgate Hill on a Winter's Morning Magog Fetter 2,1 259 255 284 33 85 81 134 ILLUSTRATIONS Mansion House and Bank of England Interior of Egyptian Hall Juvenile Ball Police Court Mansion House Railway Station, Inter Staircase .... Mansion House Station, District Railway Queen Victoria Street Mark Lane .... Mercers' Hall, Cheapside, Entrance of Merchant Taylors' Hall School .... Metropolitan Meat Market, Smithfield Mid -day Snack — Baker's Chop House, Change Alley, Cornhill Middle Tcmiilc Hall . Middle Temple Lane, Entrance to Middlesex .Street (late Petticoat Lane) .Sunday Morning Mincing Lane .... Monument, The .... Monument Yard, Carrying Fruit . Moorgate -Street, showing Offices of the Royal Mail Steam I'ai ket Co. National Provincial Bank of England Newgate ..... Criminals' Burial Ground Old, Exercise Yard in . One of the Cells in which a prisoner his trial .... The Chapel The Chapel, showing Women's Gallery The Condemned Cell . The Gallows The Kitchen The \Vliip])ing Post New Bridge .Street, Blackfriars . New Zealand Chambers, Leadcnhall Street November Mourning ! Old Catherine Wheel, ISishopsgate Old Cheshire Cheese, Fleet Street Old Clothes Market, Houndsditch Old London Wall Old Serjeants' Inn Another \'iew PAr.l-: lOI 93 95 107 89 loS 263 58 141 143 161 247 7 213 1 2 ^ 123 132 277 279 276 I 70 119 125 125 118 I 2 I 126 127 57 39 9 273 24 32 74 145 20 237 237 Old Swan Pier, Thames Street On Change, Royal Exchange " One Penny buys a nice Gold Watch and Chain " . Orient Line of Royal Mail .Steamers : Messrs Anderson, Anderson, & Co.'s Offices 5 Fenchurch .'\venuc Interior ..... Painters' Hall, Entrance Paternoster Row .... I'aul Pindar's Inn, Bishopsgatc Street . Peabody, George, Statue of, Royal Exchange Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Co, Leadenhall .Street, Offices of Pcpys' Monument in St. Olave's Church " Pick where you like. Missis ! " . Pilgrim Street, Ludgate Circus " Portuguese Synagogue " . Post Office, General — Night Getting off Night Mails Printing the Times Newspaper I'uljlishing Offices, some well-known, Fleet Street PAGE 41 174 262 131 117 204 280 154 270 177 290 8 •95 83 40 261 250 Queen Anne, .Statue of, in .St. Paul's Chiuih- yard 175 Queen Victoria Street. . . . .251 Record Office . . . . . 77, 249 Entrance ...... 97 Feeding the Pigeons . . . . 235 Repairing Damages ..... 44 Rothschilds' Bank, -St. .Swilhin's Lane . . 166 Royal Exchange, Back of . . . . 153 Fruit .Stall at corner of . . .154 Royal Hotel, \'ictoria Embankment . . 82 St. Andrew Ihidcrshaft, Leadcnhall Street . 1S6 St. Andrew's Church, Holborn ... 54 .St. Bartholomew the Great . . . .180 Churchyard . . . . .183 Cockerell's Buildings . . . .183 Entrance to . . . . . 73 North side of . . . . . I So St. ISenet's Church, P.iul's Whaif. . . 262 ILLUSTRATIONS St. Bride's Vicarage, Bridewell Place St. Dunstan's Church, Door of St. Ethelburga's Church, Bishopsgate, IiUerio Exterior ..... St. Giles's Church, Cripplegate St. Helen's Church, Bishopsgate, Door Door in . Doorway .... Interior .... Monument to Bickering Monument to .Sir Julius Ciesar Pulpit .... Tomb in . St. John's Gate, Clerkenuell St. Lawrence Church and Fountain, Guildhall Yard St. Margaret's Church and Old Houses in Eastcheap ..... St. Mary's Church, Queen Victoria Street St. Michael's Church, Cornhill St. Olave's Church, Hart Street, Fenchurch Street, Vestry in . PAGE lOO IS5 184 27 1 89 190 190 12 191 190 191 189 .XV 90 •99 2 I I 208 178 gton s IS^ ST. JOHN S G.\Ti:, CLEKKENWELL St. Paul's Cathedral from Blackfriars Churchyard From Ludgatc Hill From the south bank of Rive Glimpse of, from Soutlnvark Interior In the Crypt of — Duke of Wellin; Funeral Car Library, The Lord iVIelbourne's Monumcn Lord Nelson's Tomb . Pulpit Wellington Monument St. Peter's upon Cornhill St. Stephen's, Walbrook Bookseller's under. From Churchyard Salters' Hall Serjeants' Inn . " Shine yer Boots " Simpson's Chop House, Cornhill .Skinners' Hall . Smithfield A Back Court in . And St. Bartholomew's Hospital South Square, Gray's Inn . Old Houses in Southwark Bridge Sportsman Offices Standard Offices Staple Inn Hall .... Gateway Stationers' Hall . Court Buffet " Stewed Eels " . Stock Exchange (Interior) . .Stone in Panyer .^lley marking supposed highest spot in City . Stow's Monument in St. Andrew's Undershaft Struggle for the 'Bus — New Bridge Street Sundial, .St. Katherine Cree Church, Leaden hall Street .... Tallow Chandlers' Hall PAGE IS7 17 13 '93 205 20I 203 200 203 200 204 8 16 206 207 207 too 2 2 7 281 48 150 76 179 i8r 238 234 113 253 253 234 230 vii 14S 43 130 39 28 63 186 ^Z7 LLUST RAT IONS Temple Bar, Old House by Site of Temple Church . Interior Temple Gardens Thames at Southwark Times Office Took's Court, Chancery Lane, Doorway in Old Houses in . Tower of London from south side of River From Trinity Square . Trinity House, Tower Hill . I'AGK 218 228 229 61 2=18 xiii Union Steamship Company, Limited, Head Offices, South African House, liishops- gate Street Within . Unloading Barges at a City Wharf Upper Thames Street, \'iew in Vintners' Hall, Entrance Wardrobe Place, Doctors' Commons Watling Street Westminster from Blackfriars Bridye — Niyht William IV Statue, King William Street Winchester House, Old Broad Street . 280 273 265 137 X 269 ii 80 217 ?*3^.v -■'■•"■■;< -^^;.-^: '^* •* - WMlL 3c-- OLD GARDEN AT NO. 4 CROSBY SQUARE IX'DGATE HILL ON A WINTEKS iMOKNLVU Il «M n '-^i^iii. (;Ki:.\r icivvEU street / CHAPTER I--ORIGIN OF THE CITY Some curious old ]''ables — Billingsgate, Cripplegate, Ludgate — Story of Brutus — King Blcdhud's Flight — King Lear — Brennus — Belinus — King I,ud — Good King Cole — St. Helen — St. Lucius — Guest's Oiiinion — A few Facts — The Medieval Ghronicles — Aulus Plautius — Constaiitine — 'I'lie \\'all — Augusta — Roman Remains — Modern Theories — Alfred the CSreat. Every one who has endca\oiired to make a serious study of London history has been struek by the same fact: — in order to attain any information he has to read an inuuense quantity of what is either ORIGIN OF THE CITY w 4. gate pure fiction or pure conjecture. As a result, many competent historical writers have declined to meddle with the subject ; and so the Ici^cnd-makers J and theorisers have been left undis- i turbed. Within the past few years, ^ however, some attempts ha\c been made to put the history of London on a scientific base, the great Dr. Guest ])cing one of the pioneers of the moxenient. In nine out of ten books, however, we still see the same old stories and the same old topographical mistakes ap|)earing }ear after year. We learn that Ludgate was the chief entrance of Roman London, and was called after King Lud ; that Billings- was called after King Pjeliii, the only doubt being as to which IJelin, as there were several monarehs of that name ; that Julius Caesar had something to do with the foundation of the Tower ; that Helena, the mother of Constantine, first i)uiU the wall ; and thai, fm- ally, Aldgate was the oldest of the lity gates. We do not, it is true, often hear nowada\s of Troy no\ant, but King Lucius is still graxely sj)oken of as tiie fouiuler of .St. I'eter's, Cornhill, I..M,,,S ,I..M IX c.\.S.Nu.\ ;,lULI-,r '■^. AI.UGATli rUMl' m- ORIGIN OF TIIK CITY MIDIlAV SNArlC — IIAKEK's rillir IIDUSK, CHANGE ALLEY, CORNIIILI, and no less an authority than Dean Mihnan believed that St. Paul's was orii^inally built on the site of a temple of Diana. It is only of late years that distinct proof of the fictitious character of these let>ends has been forthcoming. Aldgatc, Ludgate, and Cripplegate, for example, were names that com- pletely puzzled mc until I dis- covered that all tliree had a '■S^'--^ IN CHANGE ALLEY. CORNHH.L ORIGIN OF THE CITY special meaning- in the older English or Anglo-Saxon tongue. Stukeley, a very judicious antiquary in his day, wrote Aldgate Ea/dgaic, which in modern English is simply Oldgate. When, how- ever, we look into the early documents which have of late years been revealed, the puzzle ceases to perplex any one who is willing to be undeceived. The difficulty, to my mind at least, was this : Aldrate cannot l)e Oldgate because we know it was opened only in the reign of Henry I, and must therefore be reckoned among the newer entrances of the city. P)Ut when we look into ancient documents we find that it is not spelled Ealdgate or Oldgate or Aldgate, l)ut either Algate or Alegate — a gate that is open to all. The good canons of the Holy Trinity, who first made it, threw it oi)en without toll to every one. Cripplegate, again, is a name o\er which conjecture has been very l)us)\ Stow, for cxami)le^and he has been followed b\ nearly all subseciuent w riters — calls it "of cripples begging- there." Cunningham ap- ]iarently accepted this dcri- vatimi in his famous I laitd- boolc (1849), and it occurs in I'lI.GRlM sriUiiCT, 1A-IJG.\TK CIRCUS ^M TMK WI'.I.LINUru.N MONLMKNT ■fl X •J. ■J •J ORIGIN OF iill': CITY r r HOLBUKN VIADUCT many sul)sc(]iknt works. But some years lia\c elapsed since iMr. Denton showed that a " crcpcl i^ate " is a covered way in a fortification, and that another is to be found on the. Wanstlyke, the _L;reat Wiltshire line of defence. So, too, with Ludgate. It is pretty evident that Ludgate was not opened until some time in the twelfth century, and in any case cannot have been a Roman, still less an ancient British entrance. But where, then, did it <'et its name? Stow, though in doubt al)out King Lud, supposed this to be one of the most ancient ot the city gates, and gives the de- rivation according to GeoftVey of Monmouth as being from King Lud, "a Briton, about the year before Christ's nati\'ity 66." I was ULU HOLbtb l.N GKt.M SI'. lltLLN S 12 ORIGIN OF THE CITY long of opinion gate was opened the citizens after legendar\- history coming known. Bosvvorth's, or Saxon Dictionary that Ludgate is for a i)ostern, and in I 'England as Before dismiss- mythical famil)-, while to put be- some of the tales cestors so fully don, so it was that when the it was called by King Lud, whose was just then be- But a glance at any other, Anglo- would have shown good Old English occurs elsewhere Lydgate. ing Lud and his it is well worth fore the reader in which our an- believed. Lon- said, was built UKEAT ST. HELEN S I ST. HELIiN's ClIUKCn, INTEKUlli ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL I-'KOM LUDGATE HILL ORIGIN Ol" TIIF. CITY 15 in 1108 li.c. l)y " 15 rule, liiicall)- (Icscriulcd from ihc tlcmi.i^od ^neas, the son of Wnus, daughter of Jupiter. lirule named it Troy novant, or Tre novant." Georo-c Owen llarr\-, whose famous Genealogy of Kill fi; James from Noah was pubHsiied in 1604, enkirges GREAT ST. IIIil.KN S upon tliis brief account. He tells us that Brutus, having unfortu- natel)' killed his father SiKius h)- the glancing of an arrow aimed at a deer, fled from Italy into Greece, where he married Inogen, the daughter of Pandrasus, king of that country, and obtaining by force from his father-in-law " furniture, mone)', \ietual, and shipping," sailed i6 ORIGIN OF THE CITY first for rraiicc, where he built Tours in Tourainc in memory of his nephew, 'l\irnus — they cherished the family names apparently — who was slain by the nati\es of those parts, and CNcntually came " to this Isle of Britain, which they found desolate, saving a few giants, which they in time vanquished." He built London, calling it " Troy Newydh " — we are not told how he came to know Welsh — and the whole island he named after himself " Brittaine." After a reion of twenty-four years he died, and was buried in London. Against this story I ha\-e nothing to say. Geoffrey may have heard it, or he may ha\e invented it, and Harry's improvements are not of mucli consequence. A Celtic \illage probably occupied some part of the site of Roman London to which it imparted its name, and there are said to be reasons for placing it on the right or western bank of the Wall brook, near the modern Blackfriars, and to the eastward of it. Fur- thermore, it may be the fort of which Julius Cassar speaks ; but of this there is no kind of proof, and it is a piece of futile guess-work to try and localise his civi- fds I'riiiobaiitiiui : the more so as he never mentions Ll\ndin, or any other form of the Celtic name. Harry next tells us about King Bled hud, the fduiulcr of Bath, who was 0^-' ,^r-. .* - '"^ JT-Tag- tT*™*! -5rfS^:?„ it 'A ST. PKTEK'S UPON CORNHILL * u a J D c H t/2 ORic.ix OF Till', crrv '9 THE COLLEGE OF ARMS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET SO skilful that he "made himself wings and flew: and as he would have lighted on the temple of Apollo, whieh he had builded in the city of Troy Newydd, he fell and brake his necke, when hee had reigned twenty yeares, and was there buried." Bledhud was the father of King Lhyr or Lear, who had three daughters, Gonorila, Ragan, and " Cordelia." Cordelia, after her father's death, reigned for five years, but her nephew, Kunedha, the son of Ragan, " lexied warre " against her successfully, "and tooke her prisoner, where she for sorrow slue herself." Kunedha, after a reign of thirty years, died and was buried in " Newe Troy," as were also some of his descendants, and we come eventually to Beli, or Belinus, of whom there is more to be said. He was brother to Bran, or I>rennus, the great Gaul who besieged and took Rome, or, as Master Harry 20 ORIGIN OF Till'. CITY puts it, he, "g-oing- to Rome, wanne the city." Belinus Ijuilt " Ik-linesgate in London, where his ashes were hanged in brasse, after the Pagan manner, after he died, and had reigned twenty-six whole years." Billingsgate Market commemorates the name. Many generations later we come to another Beli or Belinus, who reigned for sixty years, and at his death left three sons, of whom the eldest was Lludh, Lloyd, or Lud. He " renewed the walles of ncwe Troy, and called the city after his owne name, Caerlhudh, and buildcd there a gate, and called the same Ludisgate ; and after hce had gov- erned this land worthily eleven yeres, he dyed, and was l)uried at Caer- ludh, necrc unto the gate which he had buildcd." His brother's name, Kasualhawn, brings us to the threshold of authentic history if we identify him, as Harry does, with the Cassibelaunus of Caesar's Coinuicnfdrics. It is hardly worth while to pursue this apocryj^hal enumeration further; i)ut we must pause for a moment at Coclgodebog, w ho is none other than the "Good King Cole" of the nursery rliyme, and who is identified by our ^■cracious historian with the father of " Fdlen," whom he gave in marriage to Constantinc. "This Lien went to Jeru- salem, and found the holy crosse, and brought it w itli her to Rome." To this LJlen, liJen.oi- Ilckna is usuall\- ascribed tlu' building of the ^ t OI.H LONDON WALL CANN'ON STRKET ORIGIN OF THE CITY wall (»f London ; but as 23 Harry has already told us that it was built l)y King Lud, he does not now mention the cireunistanee again. The intelligent reader will ask if there is any backbone of truth in all this W'elsh tradition. I \enture to think there is \ery little, if any. One Lonelon worthy may be identified with Lies of Harry's pages. I feel as if I ct)uld believe in King- Lucius, if there was a single line of contemporary exidence about him, more easily than I can in Lud or I)elin, or Coel "gode- bog," or even Elen. His legend may be found, like a fly in amber, embedded in one of Thackeray's Roundabout Papers. At Coire or Chur, in the Grisons, the great essayist is shown the monument of " that very ancient British King, Saint, and J\Lartyr, Lucius, who founded the church of St. Peter on Cornhill." He describes the statue and goes on to say: " From what I may call his peculiar position with regard to Cornhill, 1 l)eheld this 7Yrjv\je r pv.. THE GUILUH.VLL LIBHAKY ORIGIN OF THE CITY figure of St. Lucius with uiorc interest than I should have bestowed upon personages who, hierarchically, are, I daresay, his superiors." It will be remembered that 65 Cornhill, which was at that time the office of the Conihill Magazine, in the first number of which this paper of Thackeray's was written to appear, is exactly opposite the church of St. Peter. Not very long ago the ecclesiastical authorities celebrated in this church the 1700th anniversary of the foundation. The exact j)lace of Lucius in the story is disputed. According to some the church was founded in 179 a.d., after the death of Lucius, who, as Thackeray tells us, was stoned at Chur "on account of theological dift'erences." Theanus, or Theonus, was the first archbishop of London, aided by Cyran, who had been chief butler to Lucius. Theanus was succeeded by a long line of archbishops before the coming of the heathen Saxons. It seems hardly worth while to refute such a tale as this. According" to Harry, King Lies sent for Christian teachers to Pope Elutherius or Eleutherus. I am not going to stray into ecclesiastical history, and it \\\\\ be sufficient here to have given the legend, and to have pointed out that Lies or Lucius is among the mythical predecessors of King Cole. In dealing with these stories we may remember a few facts. There may have been a British opp id 11 ni on the hill above the W^allbrook before Aulus Plautius, in the autumn of the year 4 o .A. I)., founded a Roman fort some- wliere in the neisj'h- bourhood. The wliole '^^ 2 o 7. O a y. o J 3 a ;> o H ■iaMMx OK I (i IN ()!•■ riiM cnv cvitlcncc will l)c foiiiul in Dr. Guest's Celtic Researches {yo\. ii. p. 405). This tort may well have been on the Soiithwark side of the Thames, until a hridi^e IkkI been built, when a second fort would protect the northei'u end. ^\ e may be fairly certain, (1) if any king answering- to Brutus built a city here, it was of no great size ; (2) Billingsgate is a name of Saxon, not, like Londt)n, of Celtic origin, for Billing was more likely an English altlerman than a British king; (3) in any case, the British city cannot ha\e extended all the way from Billingsgate to Ludgate ; nor (4) can Ludgate have been built by King Lud, nor yet the walls, for London was un walled for many a century later, and, more- over, Ludgate is a good old English word for a postern ; (5) the Empress Helena is by no means a mythical personage, but it is nearly certain that she was the daughter, not of a British king, but of an innkeeper in Nicomedia, as Gibbon has observed, and, except the very ambiguous evidence of some coins struck in London in her name, there is no proof known to exist ff ST. GILES S CHUKCH, CKII'FI.KG.\Tli 28 ORIGIN OF THE CITY tlial she ever \ isited liiv^land. It is even asserted on good authority that, so far from converting her son Constantine to Christianity, it was he w ho eon\ erled her. \\Y' may be said to have come to authentic history with 43 a.d. ; 1)ut we may well inquire why i)eople in the middle ages should have and trouble to make I have only quoted Holinshed's Chroii- on the subject, and found in Iligden Monmouth, and ceived and believed, speare believed He took Cynibcli/ic as King Lea I', and Spenser also gives think the reason so widely accepted a plausible answer must have greatly tors as they have we see no wall. STOW S JIONUMliNT IN ST. ANDREW S The gates have dis- uNDERSH.'iFT appeared for more than a century. But the Bridge, or its successor, is there, and we have the Tower, or what " restorers " have left of it. The chief cpieslion was no douljt as to the wall. The people of the twelfth century saw- London girt with a mighty rampart, which, so far as their authentic history went, had never been forcetl. How came it there? Then, too, there was a bridge, and so far back as their annals or their traditions went, there always had been a bridge. How did the bridge come to been at the pains up all these stories, from Harry, but icle is much fuller the stories may be and in Geoffrey of were eagerly re- Perhaps Shake- them, perhaps not. from them, as well his contemporary us Lear's story. I these legends were is because they gave to (|uestions which puzzled our ances- puzzled us. True, X 3 o y. o ORIGIN OF Til]'. CITY be there? It is a curious fact that, in spite of the tons of paper which have been covered with the records of disco\-erics and specu- lations alxiut l\.(Muan London, we cannot answer these questions any more tlian could our ancestors of the twelfth century. I have put down the little that is known in my other books, and it will be suflicicnt here if I the ascertained nological order. made a fort in 43. later, namely in 61, that Londinium, place, was of no ance, and aban- rcbels under Boa- I infer that the been built in 61. Romans made a a strong fort or northern end to don Stone " still ately, the site of trance. More than simply summarise facts in brief chro- Aulus I'lautius Eighteen years Suetonius found iari''e / ,o;w|i»" ^j^ I AMP AXn GLASS CI.KANKKS though a strategical import- doned it to the dicea. From this bridge had not A little later the bridge, and placed pretorium at the protect it. " Lon- marks, approxim- the western en- two centuries passed during which the suburbs round the fort had grown very large, and in 296 they were plundered by the mercenaries of one of the numerous pretenders to the purple. It is evident therefore that the impregnable wall had not yet been built. Constantine was in Britain when he became Hmperor, and soon afterwards the Roman Empire adopted Christianity. In 350 there was still no wall, though the houses and streets about the fort were more numerous than ever. In 369 w^e first hear of the existence of a wall. It was Imilt 32 ORIGIN' OF Till'. CITY round all the suburbs and took in some 380 acres; l)ut there is no record of when or 1))' \\honi it \\as built. The Picts and Scots were unable to break through it; and Theodosius, the Roman general, was joyfully recei\ed by the citizens at the gates. Further than this ^ve cannot get; but it will be useful to remember that we must not expect nificent jniblic new city to of Augusta was to fnid an)- mag- buildings in the which the name gi\"en by the local resources exhausted by the wall. As must remember during the short existence was a We ha\'e found no chuixhes, tianity was well before the buikl- The last thing Augusta, or when the hea- quered Kent and TIUC OLD CAIIIElilNK WIlliKL, lilSllOi'SGATE Romans. The were probably the building of to temples, we that Augusta period of its %|i Christian city, the remains of although Chris- established even ing of the wall, we hear about London, is that then Saxons con- marched north- ward the fugitive Britons took refuge for a time behind her walls. I low- long they held them, how- they lost them, we know not. There is no mention of London between 457 and 604. At the latter date it had become the metropolis of the East Saxons. The Last Saxons preferred the open fields of Essex to the confinement of the Roman walls whether of Colchester or of London; and it is very c\ident that for a long periotl no great store was set by them b\ either place. In one particular 5 t Q o I a o Q o a o ORir.IX OF TIIF. CITV 35 London retained a certain importance. Its situation made it very accessible for merchant ships. In those days a ship could leave London and sail almost to Dover A\ithout en- countering any open sea. Dropping down the Thames with the ebb-tide, it entered the Wantsum at Reculvers, and emerged at Sand- wich, if not at Rich- borough, whence, keeping within the sands, it had a smooth passage down to the South Foreland. Xotwith- standino- this mer- cantile importance of London, its de- fences were suffered to fall into decay, and the Danes repeatedly broke in and robbed the citizens. At length their depredations became too great to be borne, and London was abandoned, and, as Stow tells us, lay desolate from 839, except when the invaders camped within the Al. HERMAN S WALK, IIISIIOI'SCATK. STKEKT 36 ORIGIN OF THE CITY Wcills, until Alfred, seeing the great military \'alue of the place, repaired the wall in 886, restored some at least of the buildings, made the place hal)ital)le, bestowed a form of government upon it, and, in short, founded the London that now is. There is reason to believe that, in strengthening and repairing the wall, he ])aiil special attention to one or more of the bastions at the south-eastern corner, as beintr the most important for defence in case of an inv^ader coming up the Thames, and that upon these buildings of his, William the Conqueror erected the Tower as we still see it. W^e may take leave of Roman London by a brief survey of the remains still visible, of which there is not ver)' much. In the British Museum we may find some mosaic pavements, for the most part very small. Others are in the (iuildhall Museum, where also may be seen numen)us frau- I'ENCIIURCII STUICET K.MI.WAY STAl luN a!. •A o a; fcu o a S ID o Q 7. O J ORIGIN OF ■nil-. (•IT^• 39 ments of articles of doniestic life, and sonic portions of a huildini; of not vcr)' exalted architectural pretensions. Augusta cannot, in fact, ha\c been an imposing cit\-, and luul not time during the short half-century of its existence to make itself remarkable for any of the outward adornments we sec and admire in such a place as Pompeii. Some interesting bronzes, of foreign workmanship, and a silver statuette, have been dredged out of the Thames, and are in the British Museum. The last remnants of the old fort which for so many centuries guarded the approaches to the bridge were almost all destroyed in making Cannon Street Station ; but the site of a bath, with a good pavement, still exists under the Coal Kxchansje in Mincing Lane, at what would have been the south-eastern corner of the pretorium. When the walls were built, we must remember, there were two landward gates, and so far as we know, two only, although three ancient roads led from Augusta to the interior of the island. One of the gates was near the site of the modern Newgate. The other was a little to the east of Bishopsgate. Through Bishopsgate \\ent the road to Colchester eastward and the road to Lincoln northward. Through Newgate went the road to Chester, and ])robably also another western wa)', afterwards the road to Reading. Of the riverside gates \\e have only -dj;*. vmNF. IN I'ANYEK ALLEY MARKING SUPPOSED IIIGHKST SJ'lJT IN CITY IlS,, THE WHIPPING-POST, NEWGATE 40 ORIGIN OF THE CITY that to the l)ridge for certain, but both Billingsgate, under another name, and Dowgate, at the outfall of the Wallbrook, may have been in existence. Two fragments of the old wall may be easily seen. One of them, with some strongly marked Roman features, is at the new post-office buildings in St. Martin le Grand. The other is the well-known Ixistion in the churchyard of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, \\hich, though l)uilt of Roman materials, and on a Roman foundation, dates probably from an extensive "restoration"' of the city walls made in the reign of Edward IV. I have endeavoured so far in this chapter to put forward the curious tales by which the Londoners of the twelfth century accounted for their walls, their gates, and the names they bore. They are more entertaining than some of the modern theories with which we meet, but they are scarcely more extravagant. Stow put his successors on the right track, l)ut they speedily left it. Of these modern theories, only one is worth noticing here. Readers of the foregoing part of this chapter will have noted that " Roman London," of which some people talk so glibly, is only, to speak strictly, a geographical term. There was no Roman London, except a strongly fortified barrack, till after the midtlle of the foiU"th century, or, sa)', 360. The Romans left P)ritain in 410, their iiilUience meanwhile ha\-- ing steadil)' declined, the counlr\' ha\in''- been con- stantly disturbed by the THE GENERAL POST OFFICE— GETTING OFF NIGHT M.MLS 73 Q OKU. IX CM- rill': cri\' 43 invasions of the northern tribes, liy the outbreak of loeal disiontenl, ami by the rise and fall of |)ietentlers to imperial i)o\\cr. One of these was "a citizen of the island," as we are told by Orosius, named Gratian, who was elected emi)eror in 407, and speedily slain, lie may have been a citizen of Augusta, or of some other town ; we are not told; and Augusta may have had citizens, or l)urghers, or iiiitiiicipcs, like other Roman cities. \Vc know nothing for certain one way or other ; and all we do know is that London was a Roman city for about half a century of the utmost disorder. For another half-cen- tury we are entirely in the dark as to the fate of London, until in 457 we find the Britons, defeated by the heathen Saxons, retreating upon London. Thence- forw'ard all is blank, till in 604, a century and a half later, we find it in the hands of the King of the East Saxons, a place evidently of no great importance, as may be gathered from the ecclesiastical annals of Beda, with ruined walls, a prey for centuries to all invaders, until in 839 it was finally destroyed, burnt and deserted by the Danes, and lay desolate for thirty years. \\\ the face of facts like these it is strange indeed to find a strong body of modern London historians who would ha\e us believe that the Romans founded a municii)alit\- in Augusta, that this municipality '■ STF.WEII F.ELS m^- 44 ORIGIN OF THE CITY survived t<. Saxon times, and became the progenitor of the present corporation. That the Romans during their brief occupation of Augusta made it a municipal city is not impossible, though it is more likely that they looked on it more as a fortification than anything else, in any case we have no evidence either way. We are on firmer ground when we deal with the second statement. We do know that, e\cn if there was a RcMuan municipality, and if it survived the trials of the Saxon invasion and other calamities between 410 and 604, it could not have survived the Danish desolation of 839 ; and those who would have us believe in that survixal have to account for the fact that after the time of Alfred we find L(MKlon organised as a shire in itself, and can trace every modern muni- cipal office back to its origin in the system universal llirouijhout Kuijlancl, and without any imitation or sur\i\al visible of the Roman forms of municipal government. There are many other stiange theories to be found in the pages of London an- ti(|uaries, but nutst of them, like tliat of the late Mr. lilack, are so extrawagant KtCAIKING DAMAGES y. ORIC.IX ()]• Illl''. CITY 47 as to cany their t)\\n refutation wiili thciii. Il will he sufticicnt if, in this first chapter, we are able to start fair on a brief notice of some of the wonders of our modern city, unencumbered with memories of British kings or of Roman municipalities; and content to beliew that the institutions which have made London the foremost cit}' of the world are wholly of home growth and development. DAILY NEWS OFFICKS SIMPSON'S CHOP HOUSE, COKNHH.I. IIOLBORN CIRCUS— A WlNTliK'S MORNING CHAPTER II TIIK GROWTH OF THE CITY The first Settlement — London as it appeared before 1066 — The Walls — W'estcheap — I'lastcheaii The Bridge — Billingsgate — London in 1266 — 'J'he Gates — New Suburbs — Houses on the Ijridge — Biliiter Scjuare — Domestic Life — London in 1466 — Lnprovements — St Paul's — Costume — Tlie riaguc — Changes in r666 — The New River — Variations of the Poinilation. London once firmly established, girt with an impregnable wall, and filled with citizens who were men of enter- prise, very soon began to show signs of growth. The few early names with which we meet seem to prove that Alfred chose among English, Danes, French and German settlers, almost indifferently. We cannot be quite sure of this for the first few years, but the conditions of citizenship did not neces- sarily imply birth, and wealthy adven- turous spirits, willing on the one hand to cross even the terrible Bay of Biscay, or the almost equally terrible German Ocean, and on the other, to help as occasion arose and fight with pirates BENNETT'S CLOCK !N CHE.VPSIDE 52 THE GROWTH OF THE CITY and Northmen, were, no doubt, welcomed by the infant communit)-. Some Danish or Scandinavian words and names still survive. Lon- don has its "hustings" where other cities have their " portmannimote " ; among early local names we can hardly deny a Danish origin to Gode- run's or Guthorm's, Lane, now Gutter Lane, or a Burgundian origin to Lothbury, the site of the mansion of Albert the Lotharingian. There are other such names to be found, but all 1 want to prove is that, even before the^ Conquest, London had a very mixed population, and that its connection with foreign countries through its wide commercial activity was already a matter of importance to the \\lK)le nation. In the laws attributed to Alfred and Guthorm a man who fared thrice over the sea by his own craft — cni/^, here, may mean a shij) — was accounted worthy of thane- right. The successive kings ditl what they could to foster the trade CLOTH I-AIK— "YE UICK WmiTlNGTO.N ' Till': CROW rn oi- thI' city S3 of London, anil the fortifications wciv kv\>[ in onlcr, so that when the Danes overran all the rest of England, the city alone withstood them, and King ^thelred owed his safety to the walls, i'^en a disastrous fire — the first of many — in 982 left the defences intact; and Cnut, in order to get above the bridge, luul to make some kind of canal V for his shallow South wark. It form some kind mind's eye as to looked like in times. Suppose the Danes round crossed the up, at wiiat is ster. A few stand up from and it might be /tide to go from Watling Street to the other at anything worse We should make ward throuofh a PKUDENTIAL ASSURANCE COMPANY'.S OFFICES IN HOLBOKN boats round is possible to of picture in our what London those remote that to avoid South wark, we Thames higher now Westmin- hillocks would the mud flats, possible at low one end of the at Stane Gate Tothill, without than wet feet, our way north- region all burnt and desolate till we reached what is now Hyde Park Corner. Turning eastward, then along the Roman road to Reading, we should cross the Tyburn at Cowford, where afterwards was the Stone Bridge, and later again the uninterrupted line of Piccadilly clubs and palaces. Thence, keeping rather to the north, we should reach the road now called Holborn, from the brook wdiich here makes itself a narrow " hole " through which to flow before it becomes the tidal Fleet. In front of \\ 54 THE GROWTH OF THE CITY us now would be the frowning walls of Lon- don, and the Westgate immediately above the Fleet, while the road dipped into the valley below. There must have been a bridge here over the Holborn or Fleet at a very early time, the road zigzagging up to the gate, a little to the northward of w'hat we call Newgate. The Fleet on the right is a wide tidal marsh, and before we descend to it we may possibly perceive the burnt fragments of a farmhouse, near to where is now St. Andrew's Church. Before entering the city we should observe that the line of the wall extended along the precipitous eastern bank of the Fleet, down to the Thames. Very few, if any, houses or churches would rise above the level of the ramparts, but if any did so, it would be St. Paul's, and a little farther on perhaps St. Martin's le Grand. Standing outside the gate and turning southward we should see the wide waters of the Fleet spreading themselves over what is now the city end of Fleet Street, and so westward to a knoll of higher ground, where were some remains of ST. .\NDKliW b CllURCil, UOLliUKN Q O H J o Till' GROWTH OF THE CITY 57 building's, now still marked by a Ro- man bath. This knoll would be approached by a narrow path from IIolb(^rn, now called Shoe, pro- perly Show -well. Lane. W'estward the Strand, like Fleet Street, would be under water and there would be no access to the cit\ where Ludgate -^vJ"''— NEWG.VTE— THE KITCHEN afterwards stood. When we ha\'e entered at Newgate we find a wide open space, then or shortly afterwards occupied by butchers' stalls and shambles. The road, the newer Watling Street, takes a slanting direction towards the south-east, passing the east end of St. Paul's, and just touching the edge of a number of houses on the right, but skirting a wide market place on the left. This is Westcheap, and we can take a road along its northern side, now Cheapside, if we wish to see the king's palace, and the offices of the municipality in Athel Street and Aldermanbury. If, howexer, we keep along the Watling Street, we arrive at London Stone, down in the Walbrook valley, and see above what ma\' remain of the 58 THE GROWTH OF THE CITY old Roman prctoriuni. We observe that population is thickest along the Thames, round Dowgate, at the bridge foot and along the great northern road which ascends from the bridge towards Bishopsgate. There are many open spaces, as, for example, from the northern line of Kastcheap down to Billingsgate — called then or afterwards Romeland — that is in modern English " roomv-land." As to what we should see if we crossed the strongly fortified bridges, I have no information to offer. Southwark must have been well defended with a \\all, as its name imports, apart from the fact that Cnut had to get round it, as he could not cross it. The city houses without excep- tion must ha\'e been but poor wooden constructions, the streets and lanes very narrow and crooked ; and the few churches, some three or four at the most, \ery small, and afraid, in the presence of the enemy, to raise their short towers above the lex'el of the sur- rounding fortifications, in limes of peace Billingsgate would be crowded with llic lai'ger craft — which to "wCTwHpr ' -I '^'"'^ modern eyes would MAKK L.\Nli y. o a ■J 'fl y. Till'. C. 1U)\\ lil OF THE CITY 6i MONL'MENT TO GOLDSMITH, TEMPLE CHUKCIl in the Cheap hard by hundred years, from the Conquest to Henry III, we shall observe a great change. \\'e niiglU pause at Fitz Ste- phen's account of London in 1 170, or thereabouts ; but it has been very often quoted, and tells us more about the citi- have seemed little better than open boats ; and a lieet of still smaller boats would be abo\e the bridge at Dow- gate. Southwark liridge was not built for man)- centuries, and while the old bridge still existed, a short distance farther east than its successor, the chief tish-markct was here, and the line of Old Fish Street probably marks the site and also shows us how much the edge of the ri\'er has receded. Before the Conquest the city wall east of Billingsgate came down to the water just where the Wakefield Tower is now, and there can ha\e been no such street as Thames Street. CSoods were landed at the gate of Billing and sold If we descend the stream of time a couple of M-'"S>*-.'-^ TEMPLE GARDENS 62 THE GROW'TIT OF THE CITY zens and their amusements than about their public buildings or the topo- graphy of the city. True, he says there were in his time seven double gates; and from the context we infer that he does not in- clude Dow gate, the Bridge- gate, or Billingsgate. W^e know that Aldgate was opened about sixty years before Fitz Stephen's time. Aldersgate also must ha\e been made very soon after the Conquest, and prob- ably Cri]iplegate, with its covered \\ay to the I^ar- bican, cannot have been mucli later. These, with Newgate and Bishopsgate, only gi\'e us five. For the sixth and seventh we may choose citlier Ludgate — a mere postern, as its name denotes — or the postern towards the Tower; and conjecture that he included the gate on the bridge, which was, of course, on higher ground than the water gates. As a fact we know that a full hundred years after his time the following- only are enumerated as being specially guarded : Ludgate ;md New- gate together, Ludgate being still, in all prol)abilily, but small ; Aiders- gate, I'ishopsgate, Aldgate, and the "Porta Pontis." But to resume: ■'■ %^fr jonr. ONE OK TIIK r.NTR.\NCKS TO I.F.ADKNIIAI.I, M.MiKKT O O o H I 2: Till': r, Rowrii oi nil': CITY 6s J S3MWPH* I ■-, ■'" "•J)N»««» 'L ■-:"'■' -'J ENTRAN'CE TO GREAT SI. IILLLN S southern end of the bridge. The view from this point of the city on the opposite bank of the Thames is very fine. The walls with their bastions are visible and the Tower, to which great additions are beinQ- made. To the left the magnificent steeple of St. Paul's is rising abo\'e the long ridge of the cathedral roof. Beyond it the once vacant space near Newgate is being rapidly filled by the low domestic build- in 1266, or about tliat time, London has greatly increased since the Conquest. Not only is the number of houses greater, but the pubHc buildings, such as churches and halls, are more numerous and larger. If we approach the city from the south side of the river, where Henry III has just dis- mantled the fortifications, we pass the fine Early liugiish buildings of the canons of St. Mary Overy, approaching completion, and come to the strongly fortified gate at the •tOn" LEADENHALL IIOLbIC, LEAUENIIAIX STKEET 66 THE GROWTH OF THE CITY ings of the Grey beautiful church ishcd. Many towers and spires tony of the red- houses. If we we see the new yond the Fleet, broken by the \Yhite Friars, the house of Templars. The we are well a narrow street, here and there can look down Friars and their now nearly fin- other church relieve the mono- tiled roofs of the look westward suburb rising be- the row of houses fine church of the and ending with C:iUbl.\ IIAI.I. 1 i:oM ijlJ.Al bl. HELEN'S the Knights bridg c, when u])on it, is like with intervals from which we on the surging tide below. The heavy piers which supported the nineteen arches and the drawbridge almost formed a dam, and at the changes of the tide the passage was very dangerous to boats. Peter of Colechurch, the architect, lies buried in the small but beautiful chapel of St. Thomas of Canterbury, which he had built on and within the central pier. When we reach the northern end and pass through the principal Bridgcgatc tUKLlU.MNEKb' llAl.l., LA.N.NO.N blKl.Ll CORNHILL TIIK GROW Til OF TIIK CITY 69 we arc in Eastcheap. Some very tangible relics of this ancient market-place still remain. It lay wliolly on the right of the old road towards Bishopsgate, and is now representcil by Billingsgate Market on the south and Ijy Lcadcnhall Market on the north. The intermediate space, now all built over, was, at the time of which wc are speaking, after the middle of the thirteenth century, nearly all open, except, perhaps, for some more or less permanent booths and shops \\hich en- croached on its boundaries. As we CROSBy H.M.L, B.\CK VIEW ascend the hill we pass the hay and grass markets, marked probably by such names as Fen-church, "fen" bein"" the same as the French "foin," and Gracechurch, or Grass-church. A little farther to the right is the head- quarters of the " bell-jetters " or founders, commonly called " potters," from the metal pots they made which were in great CROSBY IIAU., FRONT VIEW 70 THE GROWTH OF THE CITY demand. \\'altcr Ic Poter, a wealthy alderman, was of this trade, and presented all the l)razen pots necessary for the kitchen, infirmary, and other offices of the Grey Friars. The site of these metal-workers' factories is still marked by Ijillitcr Square. Next to them, and nearer our line of progress northward, were the lead-workers, whose name remains in Leadenhall. Crossing Cornhill, \\hcrc possibly there was a corn-market — but there are difficulties in this theory — we come to Bishopsgate Street. The fine new nunnery of St. Helen, with its extensive gardens, is on the right, and then some of the best houses in London line the roadway, at the end of which is the Bishops'-gate, standing a little to the left of tlie Roman gate which it represents, as the street from the new bridge is a little to the left of the old line of lanes, of which Botolpli Lane and Philpot Lane still exist. We have but vague ideas as to the life of the citizens. The " AM. 'ol, l!5 A I'KNNV " T ^' ^ *i ►*># W !* K. «.i!'i 'k ^a > n^^W P liiii THE GUILUHALL, FRONT EXIT THE GROWTH OF THK C ITV 73 "assize of llcnry IMtz Ailwin," the first mayor, points out that " in ancient times the greater part of the city was built of wood, and the houses were covered with straw and stubble and the like." Although spoken of as a thing of the past, there must still in the thirteenth century have been much of this kind of building, with a corre- sponding amount of sc|ualor and misery. But stone, at first only for chimneys, and afterwards for whole houses, was gradually coming in, and tiles for roof- ing followed soon, th(Uigh brick walls were rare for a long time later. Natur- ally, the people went about in winter well muffied up, anil kept their heads covered even indoors. Great hoods of coarse cloth, lined with rabbit skin, were universal, and people of position wore hats or caps, or pieces of handsome stuff or needlework, wrapped round their heads. Cord- wainers and glovers and hosiers are mentioned \-ery early, and many illuminated manuscripts exist from which we may gather materials for a distinct idea of the EMKANti; TU ST. BARTHOLOMEW THE GREAT THE GLILUHALL I'ULK E COURT 74 THE GROWTH OF THE CITY national costume. Furniture was scarce; there were few beds. vStraw and rushes were on the floors, and the wealthy kept out draughts w itli costly but coarse hang- in' 's. There can have been no window-glass in common use, and l)ut little e\en in the churches. If we care to make one more such excursion through old London, let us choose a date well on in the fifteenth cen- tur)', sa)' two hundred years later than 1266. Edward IV is on the throne, and Elizabeth, his eldest daughter, afterwards the Queen of Henry YII, has just been born. There is a temporary lull in the long \\\ars of the Roses, but in the city every preparation is kept up, and the citizens, who were foremost in CARTING SNOW -^^ TIIL; old CIlKSIllKi; tlll-tbE, l l.tKT STKliliT THE GROWTH O I ■ Till-: CITY 75 settino; the kincr on his tlirone, arc determined that no neelieence on their part shall endanger it. By this time a great change has come over the aspect of the city. Order prevails everywhere ; the streets are swept and lighted ; guards are at the gates, and patrols make regular rounds from hour to hour. In every street there are fine stone houses, some of them of great size, which a military lodges is decor- fiags, showing his colours. The its best condition, round dozen of antl the mercers tailors not far off, and several pri- as Crosby and Basing', have built well rival it. Of remains are e.\- turesque, the old bcr, now con- restaurant, being pleasant places of don. There are '•^i'- AUSTIN miAIiS and each house in or political leader ated with ga)- arms, badge, and (iuildhall, now in is but one of a such structures, close by, the the goldsmiths, vate citizens, such Pountncy and halls which might Crosby Hall the tensi\e and pic- banqueting cham- verted into a one of the most the kind in Bon- carpets in man)- houses and curtains and window-glass in small pieces with much lead- work. The churches, too, partake of the general air of prosperity. The spire of St. Paul's, albeit only slated, that is, covered with slats, or slices of wood, is the highest in Christendom, rising 520 feet above the pavement. The cathedral church itself has been greatly lengthened, and the choir, consisting of as many bays as the old Norman nave, 76 THE GROWTH OF THE CITY encroaches eastwards on the former meeting-place of the citizens. The Watiino- Street could no longer pass by that way, and the road to Newgate now ran through Cheap. There was no thoroughfare through St. Paul's Churchyard, the gates at either end being only opened when the king came in or went out. All meaner folic had to find their way to Lud- gate by Carter Lane and Broadway, and e\cn the wall was here diverted from its old direct line from Ludgate to the Thames by an angle con- trived to take in the sjreat house and church of the Black Friars. The friars had covered the sites of the old castles of Montfit- chet and Baynard, while a new house, called Bay- nard 's Castle, had been I)ui]t farther east, and was in the reign of Edward I\' the residence of the king's mother. The suburbs had considerabl)' increased, but were all, as far as llolborn Bars, 'i'emple Bar, and other exterior defences, within the cil)- jurisdiction. The aspect of the ])co])le had also greath- changed. The mulfiing necessary in the thii"leenth cenUn"\' had gi\en place to more elegant costumes, especially indoors, where impioNcd masonr\ antl r^_,^'^ / %- sMiriii ir.i.i) Till'. (IROW ril OI'" T! crrv 79 panelling' mitigated draughts, and were sup[)leniented in the houses of the wealthy by tapestry. Chimneys with great fireplaces, like one we may still see in Crosby Hall, were becoming common ; while in the streets the comparative cleanliness, the sidepaths, and tiic many covered markets, made handsome clothes possible. The military element was very prominent. The King-maker's soldiers thronged tlie streets north of St. Paul's, where Warwick Lane still commemorates his palace, and probably few^ houses A\'ere seen in the city except those of knights or great nobles. Wheeled \ehicles must have been unknown, and, indeed, impossible, except in the widest thoroughfares. The labouring folk might be seen each morning crowding the gates on their way from their homes at Stepney or Clerkenwell or Walworth, for the stately houses of the nobles and alder- men, and the great gardens of the numerous convents, left little room for the lodgings of the meaner folk, even though both the Cheaps were nearly built over. To make up, two smooth fields, one east and one west of the city, were used for markets, and most of us can remember when cattle were still sold in West Smithfield. Notwith- standing man)' outward improxe- ments at this time, the pul)lie health grew worse and x\orse. All kinds of theories, religious, superstitious, meteorological, and -g^ ex V--- - A CllY CHAR.\CTKK — iNEW LON)JU.\ blKt-tr, ItNCHUKCH 8o THE GROWTH OF THE CITY sanitary, were in\ented to account for the constant inroads of the plague. The water supply, to which we now know it to have been due, was never suspected ; and in 1500 it \\as computed that the death-rate from this cause alone had reached 30,000. This is a moderate estimate beside the 50,000 said to have died in 1349. In many houses there were private wells, and a spring- in the churchyard of Cripplegate was especially popular, though it rccei\-ed the drainage of one of the largest of the cemeteries. Lhitil our own day the causes of these frightful epidemics were absolutely unknoA\n, though they Avere connected rightly with want of cleanliness. Only fifty years ago, Hecker, one of the best authorities, ^v•as inclined to attri- bute the Black Death to atmo- spheric causes and a series of earthquakes. Another plunge of two hundred years down the stream of time would take us to 1666, the year of the (Jreat Fire. For that period, and, indeed, from the rei<'n of (jueen Elizabeth, ^\"e ha\e many contemporary authorities. Stow's marvellous .SV/rzY'i', one of the best topographical l)()()ks e\er written, a wonder e\"en in the age \\hich produced .Shakespeare, tells us what London looked like immetiiately after the Reformation. The old churches at the (ire)', lUack, White, and Austin l"riars wei'e still stand- |1 A iiJ f7}j.' K 3 11 m \m.f^_ MV- int So were parts of .St. Martin's WII-LIAM IV bTATUK, KING \VILI,1.\M ilKliET THE GROW Ol' rilK CITY 8i and tlic fine priories of St. Helen and llic IIoI\- Trinit)- hy Aklgatc. St. Paul's was intact, except that tiic tower had lost its lofty spire, and at least one hundred [)arish cliui-ches still existed. Stow, counting;- Westminster, makes them one hundred and twentv-three. Smith, another authorit}' of the same period, sa\s l.ontlon " hath 108 parish churches within the walles." After Stow's time we ha\-c the domestic life of the citizens delii^htfuUy described in words by Pepys, and l)y Hollar in prints and \ iews, and can form a clear estimate of the changes wrought b)' the hre. Population had immensely increased, and the city had grown nu)re unwholesome in |)roportion. The plague claimed its xictims e\ery year. Had they but known it, the citizens had the remedy at their doors. The fresh, clean water of the New River had been brought in b}- Sir Hugh Myddelton as far back as 1620, but was uni- \ersally neglected in fa\()ur of the Thames, the churchyard springs, and the prixate wells. mi^. -^" y. I ■J o D a ■J 1^1 a?. •^"^ o» THE GROWTH OI'" THE CITY 85 at \-arioiis jieriods arc not now piiiitcd for tlic first time ; hut seem as complete as the vague statistics at our command will cnahlr us to make tlum. Nothing can be more difficult and more h(»])cless than [u approxi- mate to the actual populatiDU Ixlore the se\entecnth ccntur)'. In 1636 the r.ord l\Ia\'or estimated that there were about 700,000 souls within the Liberties; and just befure the (ireat Plague, ilowcll, the autlior of the Letters, thought there were not less than a million and a half in all LcMidon. Tn the Plague of 1603-11, 14,000 ])eoj)le were beliexed to ha\e died — as many as 4000 in tlu' one \ear 1609. In 1625, 35,417 i)eople died of the Plague. In tlu' (ireat Plague year, 1665, 100,000 xictims is stated to be a moderate estimate of the deaths. In a curious old collection of notes relating to the Plague, published in 1721, we are told that in 1625 the burials were 54,265 and the christenings 6,983. The deaths therefore in that, the worst "N-l .oHf J^^-' Tl.'ii LUNUUN P.VKCELb PELIVEKY CO.MP.VNY, FETlliK L.V.Nt 86 THE GROWTH OF THE CITY Plague year before the Great Plague, were to the births as 8 to i. A very accurate idea might be obtained from a comparison of the bills of mortality, which were regularly published weekly after 1603. In 1682 Sir William Petty estimated the houses at 84,000, and the number of people at 672,000. Another writer of the same period estimated them at about 530,000. It was not, in fact, until the present century that any accurate and trustworthy inft)rmation was oI)tained. In 1801 the population of all London was 864,845. In i86i the people actually resident in the city were 113,387. In 1871 they had declined to 75,983 ; and the latest estimates show that the number at present of those who inhabit the city, excluding, of course, those who visit it day by day on business, is considerably below 50,652, at which figure it stood in 1 88 1. "^•w ' CUMli .M.ONG, MISS, COMI-; .\LONG ! Till': GUILDHALL — COUNXTL CHAMBER THE MANSION HOUSE RAILWAY STATION CHAPTER III THE CITY GOVERNMENT The Corporation — Its History — The Lord Mayor — The Roman 'I'heory not proven — Tiie Portreeves — The Sheriffs — The Chamberlain — The Common Council — The Aldermen — The I.ivery — The Guildhall — The Mansion House — Newsrate. The Corporation of London is always before the public ; we share the reverence which foreigners are said to feel for the Lord Mayor ; and there are few dwellers in the greater London of the suburbs who have not at some time or other seen a ci\ic procession, enjoyed civic hospitality, or admired the buildings in which the civic go\'ernment is carried on. \W: know, moreover, if we study the history of our country, that in days gone by the constitution of the city of London was held up as a pattern for imitation in other cities; and that on a go THE CITY GOVERNMENT very recent occasion, in tlie Local Goxernment Act, no more appropriate title could be found for the chiefs of the new board than that of aldermen. There is another point worthy of notice in London municipal history, namelw the prominent part which the rulers of the city have taken in contrt)llin^- the polic)- and even the fortunes of the whole country. London has been the real king-maker of England ; and at the present day it cannot be denied that the favour of London is necessary to the ex- istence of a ministry. The outward, visi- L)le head of the city go\'ernment is the Lord ALiyor. He re- sides in the Mansion House. His election takes place on Michael- mas Day every )-ear at the (iuildhall, when he is chosen by the Li\ ery from among the alder- men. He has umler him two Sherifts, like himself changed e\er)' )ear ; and the i)racti- call\' permanent offi- cials of the ("lUiUlhall ^^^y.'"-* ai'c the Chamberlain, # ST. I.AWRKNCE CIRRCIl AM) I OL'NTAIN, GUILUIIA1.L YARD THE GUILDHALL— GREAT HALL TIIK CITY GOVl'.RNMENT 93 the Clerk and the Renienibrancer. There are a\r,o lethal officers, such as the Solicitor, the Recorder, the vSerjeant, and others. Besides all these, the great body of the citizens is represented by the Common Council ; and with it there is a ri\al body, the Livery, or members of the companies. We must examine all these names and find out the curious light they throw on the origin of the city go\ernnient. As I mentioned in the first chapter, some writers have taken great pains to pro\e that this muni- cipality grew out of institutions planted in London by the Romans. We have seen how short a time such a place as Roman London existed, namely, at most from about 360 A.D. to 410 A.D., or about half a century. The advocates of a Roman origin for the municipality ha\c to make the most of the Roman period : and we ha\e all seen books written by antiquaries THE M.\.\SIU.S' UULbE, INTtkluK Of EGVI'TIAN H.M.I, 94 THE CITY GOVERNMENT ;uk1 historians well acquainted w itli the subject, in which Roman London plays a part so important that it would seem to have crammed an immense civic ex- perience into those fifty years of tloubt, disorder, and warfare. Two considerations, however, need only be stated here in ex- cuse for those who do not believe that Ivoman institutions of any kind survived till the time of Alfred. One of these consists in the fact that, so far as we are ac(|uainteel with Roman municipal carpenters' H.ALI,, LONDON W.ALL, SHOWING C.\RVED P.\NELS OF DOOR officers, not a single office exists in London which answers to one of them. And the second consideration is e\en more weighty. We have no difficulty whatever in tracing back the civic officer to their origin, and we hnd that ori-in in the ordinary organisation of an)- Ln-lish shire. The burden of l)roof therefore rests on those who put forward the Roman view, which, fasci- nating as it is, is wanting in a single .-,:^i'--- Cl.oniWnKKI.KS II.M.L, .MlNLl.NO L.\NE, SHOWING AKMS OVtK DOORWAY u o y. Q ■A C3 I a 7) O ?; o 33 Til ciTV cu)V1':rnm1':nt 97 Kfi I!, r.' -r^:[ ,',.4 s-i ^i .1 msm ''•d*'^*^*^"* - >^ '^'•-. ENTKANCli TO THE KECUKU UI-FlCli souiul aii;iiniLiU. 1 o ^ivc an example: one of the wi'itei's on the subject men- tions, I know not on what grountls, that before the Romans withdrew thev (i) nominated a (O/iics livi- latis, or count of the city ; that (2) William the Con- (|ueror found a " [jort^rave ' in London ; and that (3) "grave" is the ( ierman gi'oJ\ and sjo-nifies a count. To which the only objections are that (i) we do not kncnv that the Romans nominated a count of the city ; (2) William I did not find a portgrave there ; and (3) the Knglish word is reeve, not grave, and the portreeve in his duties answers exactly to the shire-reeve in a count)'. When therefore we trace back the mayor to a reeve we trace him to an ordinary Hngiish ot^cer, who neither in name nor in duty resembled a Roman comes, but was one of a number of similar reeves who among them answered to the king for all parts of his dominion. William calls him a " portreeve," not a portgrave the I.li.VniliKSELLEKb' H.M.I., ST. HKI.ENS I'LACIi 98 THE CITY GOVERNMENT IIUTCHEUS' HALL, I'.AKTIII ILI IMKW CLOSE Eni;iish or Anglo- Saxon office of reeve means primarily something" like a steward, and the word is still in use in places in that sense. If, however, my readers can as- sent to the first assumption, namely, that the Romans left a comes civifatis behind them, they may be able to follow the rest of the reasoning which, with much more of the same kind, will be found in a book of no less authority than Mr. J. K. Price's History of the Guildhall. What was a portreeve? First, he \\as reeve of the port, that is, the market, ami pri- maiil), perhaps, of tliat market which, as we saw, was nearest to liiUingsgate. Port us would mean a g^ite, I)ul this " port " comes from ^->- COOI'KKS' UALL, 1)A.SK\UUALL MKl-.liT THE CITY GOVERNMENT 99 porta, a market-place in low Latin. Porta furtlKr refers more or less distinctly to a place where certain clnes were exacted, like the French ( ;('//'('/ at the gates of Paris. The king's officer had to acconnt for these tines as the shire-recNe had to account for the royal re\X'nue from a count)'. We find him after the Conquest sitting", no doubt with the king's leave, as a judge or magistrate, and after a time he seems to have held in his own person \arious offices of authority which, by degrees, he delegated to others. Thus, when he had the name of mayor conferred on him, he appointed two sherifts to be under him. 'J'here had frequently been two reeves, and sometimes even four, as in 1130. This was, of course, to di\ide the responsibility. After the first mayor came in there were al- \\a\s two sheriffs, but no more. Here we must pause a moment. We observe that when the portreeve l)ecame ma)'or and had sherifts under him he only abdicated certain duties but continued to fulfil others — I mean others which pertained to his position as reeve. I do not think the king ever claimed the appoint- ment of these subordinate sherifts. In a county the Queen appoints the high sherift' but not the iJtLir^ DR.M'ERS' II.M.I,, TllKOGMORTOS STREET lOO sub- sheriff. The are, slrictl}' speak- and have not the encc of the high This belongs to At first the cliambcrlain and chcator. Strange know when or how was instituted. It in 1 189, sometimes first time it is the city had to be raismg a ransom THE CITY GOVERNMENT ST. ISRIDF. S VICARAGE, ERIDESVELL Pl.ArE sheriffs of London ing, sub - sheriffs, place or preced- sheriff of a county, the mayor, mayor was also coroner and es- to say, we do not the office of mayor is sometimes dated much later. The mentioned is when consulted as to for Richard I. I cannot help office, M'hether by This was in 1 191. thinking' that the that or another name, really came into existence rather earlier; because we know that Richard's great-grandfather, Henry I, and his father, Henry II, were fa\-oural)ly disposed towards the city — «U' •■?:^i o S5 y. a, o 2 5 THE C1T\' r.OVl-RNMENT 107 MANblOX HOUSE POLICE COURT currencc of the aldermen they elected Thomas Jiueiial to l)e "com- mon Serjeant." The "common clerk," now called "town clerk," was first appointed about the same time. Finally, in the reign of (Jueen Elizabeth (1570) it was found necessary to appoint an ofticer to conduct the ordinary correspondence of the corporation ; he was called the Remembrancer, and was for a short time a kind of private secretary to the Lord Ma)or. So far we have neglected the aldermen, yet, perhaps, uf all the city officials they are the oldest. We cannot tell why the title has remained with them w hen it has been discarded everywhere else ; but to under- stand its meaning we must first go back to a time very near that of Alfred, under whom an alderman was a magistrate and something io8 THE CITY GOVERNMENT more, and who, accord ini; to the Sd.vo// Chronicle, when he had "restored London" in 886, "committed the l)urgh to the keeping of the alderman .Ilthelred," his brother-in-law. When we next meet with the \\()rd it has changed its meaning, and is applied somewhat indis- criminately to leaders of as to the rnlers latter sense, in used as earl)- which it still have o n 1 y ask further It seems prob- after the time certainly about Norman Con- was parcelled or manors, and luul its alder- and chief being That the alderman is a covered fact. r^. M.\NS1U.N IlUU.'sl.— bl.VIULAbL. the heads or guilds, as well of wards. This which it is as 1 1 1 1, is that bears. AV^e therefore to what is a ward, able that soon of Alfred, and the time of the quest, London out into estates each manor man, the first the bishop. bishop was an newly dis- His ward lay round St. Paul's. The jurisdiction of the aUlernian was similar to that of the lord of a manor in the country, and even after the alderman ceased actually to own the land of his ward, he continued to exercise these rights. At first, aldermanries could be inherited, transferred or sold, but by degrees the office became elective, as it is still. The Common Council has been mentioned; another body of citizens, the Livery, has still to be described. These are the members CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, GRliAT HALL— BOYS AT DINNER THE CITY GOVERNMENT I 1 I (if companies who arc freemen of the city. When assembled in their "common hall " they perform certain duties which must originally have belonged to the whole body of the citizens, and nominate two aldermen every year for the office of Lord Mayor, one of the iwo being chosen by the court of aldermen. It would be jjossiljle to prolong this chapter considerably by tracing the history of all the subordinate members of the Lord Mayor's staff: but I ha\'e said enough, I think, to show that, whether the corporation had a Roman origin or not, it is easier and safer to derive it from the ordinary constitution of an Anglo-Saxon shire, and until some direct proof has been adduced to the contrary, we shall hardly go wrong in accepting a derivation which accounts for all the facts of the case in an easy and natural manner. Of the grants to the citizens of the county of Middlese.x and the village of Southwark, I ha\e spoken elsewhere. London has been lately depri\ed of Middlesex, but still holds Southwark, as liridtre Ward W'ithout. Two or three questions are often asked as to the position and title of the Lord Mayor, and very absurd answers are some- times given to them. W'ithout adducing authorities we may briefly say that the " Lord " Mayor has been a " Lord " ever since such a title has been in use : that he is a judge, and is included in the royal tllUlsls MOsl'ITAI., AKCIIWAV I 12 THE CITY GOVERNMENT commissions as such ; that, like other " Lords," most of whom are not priw councillors, he is entitled to the appellation "right honoural)le "; that no one l)ut the sovereign takes precedence of him within the city boundaries, and that in other ])laccs he ranks as an earl. .\t the accession of a new king or queen, it is customar_\' to in\ite him to attend the first privy council. meeting of the cence, per- days when the London- the elections sovereign s. ginal (luild- A 1 d e r m a n - guild always lemnities and a very old (iiraldus Cam- it in Latin, "a named from of drinkers." w a s 1 ) u i 1 1 behind the old into what was ket -place. () :^r niHisTs iinsi'iTAi., n.fiisTF.R tl lis lia!l — a remmis- haps, of the the voice of ers decided of Lnglish The ori- hall was in bury. A city met with so- festi\ities, and writer indeed, brensis, calls public hall, the resort to it A newer hall about 1290 one, and faced then the mar- Tiie present a beautdul crypt rcmams. (".uiklhall dates from the time of Henry 1\'. Within li\ ing memory great imi)ro\ements ha\e been made at the (iuildliall. Not only has the hall itself been re-roofeil, autl nuule to look more like what it ma)- ha\e been in the da\s of W'hittington, but a new and commodious council chamber has been built in the same MM a Q S B < D O 73 THE CITY (lOVI'RNMENT i'5 style; ami a great boon has been conferred on the pubhc by the erection of the beautiful reading-room. To this is added a most interesting museum, in which the curious may see various ancient remains and relics of all the cities which have successively stood on this site. The late city architect, Sir Horace Jones, deser\'ed great credit for the trans- formation i^f the Guildhall, and it forms his best monument ; for, if he was also responsible for the meat markets, and for the rebuilt Leadenhall, it will l^e seen that he was not always equally successful. At one side of the Guiklhall en- trance we may see some of the ancient buttressinn- of the fifteenth century, partly concealed behind the curious building which Jarman, the city architect of the time of Charles II, thought to be Gothic, and which was not greatly amended by Dance in 1789. The old walls of the Guildhall have witnessed some very interest- ing historical events. Not to go back too far, we may remember that it was here, in the summer of 1483, that Stafford, Duke of P)uckingham, assembled the citizens and persuaded them to pass over the children of Edward IV, and to elect Richard of Gloucester king. Shakespeare has made the most of the scene. No enthusiasm was shown for the usurper. CLOTH 1 AIH Ii6 THE CITY GOVERNMENT " The citizens arc mum, say not a word," is Buckingham's report to his master. Nevertheless, the mayor and some others extorted a reluctant assent, and waited on Richard at Ba\nard's Castle with a formal offer of the crown. It was in the Guild- hall, in 1554, that Lady Jane and her husband. Lord Guildford Dudley, w ith Archbishop Cranmer and others, were tried and condemned. Here in 1 62 1 James I reprimanded the mayor and citizens for mobbing Gon- domar, the Spanish ambassador. In the following reign Charles I made a similar expedition into the city about a charlatan doctor Lamb, but gained little l)y it; and here, in the Guildhall, in 1642, he in vain demanded the surrender of the five members of the House of Commons from the mayor, sheriffs, and citizens. Finally, not to prolong these associations, it was in the Guildhall that the assembly met in 1688 which elected the Prince of Oransje to the throne of Enijland. The incon\enience felt when the Lord Mayor entertained guests either in his own house or in the hall of the company to which he happened to belong, must have been considerable, and was increased when it be- came a common occiu"rence for the Lord Mayor not to reside in the city. In 1734 it was resolved l)y the Common Council to appropriate the sum ■of _;^ 18,000, which had acciunu- lated fioui the fines imposed on citizens who refuseil to act as sheriffs, to building a suit- able resilience foi' the head of k Sf^'^:f^T \-^- *■, li^SS- mk^x IKONMONGliKb' IIAI.I.. lENCHLKClI STHKET THE CITY GOVERNMENT 117 the corpor.ition. George Daiicc was the architect selected, hut it luxd hardly be said the cost iarL;cl\- cxceedctl the sum UcUikcI. Cuiuiingham [)Uts it at ^^1,000. A great deal has l)een laiti out in inipiox enieiits, especially in 1867; hut nolliing ean make the exterior worthy of tlie cit\-. ihe interior is sufficiently commodious, and some of the recep- very fine. Of called Egyptian long and 59 finest. There is ian about it, the portetl b)' twenty umns, l)etween are marble sta- sculptors, two of " Caractaeus tion - rooms are these, the so - Hall, 100 feet wide, is the nothing Egypt- roof being sup- Corinthian col- some of which tues by eminent them by Foley, and the nymph amouQ'st his It is in this famous banquets thing is of the served in the cent manner, the and gold being derful sight. painters' H.\LL, ENTRiVNCE " Hgeria " are best works, hall that the are held, livery- best and is most ma'-nifi ■• display of si her in itself a won- Behind the Lord Mayor stands the "Common Hunt," an officer in a sjjorting costume with a jockey cap, all that is left of the old privilege of the citizens granted to them by Henry I to hunt in Middlesex and Surrey, and as far away as the Chiltern Hills. Each Lord Mayor takes over the plate and furniture from his predecessor at a x^duation. The salary given by the city amounts to ;!^" 10,000, luit no Lord Ma)-or is I iS THE CITY GOVERNMENT able "to live within his income," and in some cases he greatly exceeds it and is obliged to draw largely on his private resources. One other ci\ic l)uilding must l)C noticed. Most antiquaries will be sorr\- when Newgate Prison is pulled down. It is an admirable example of tlic architecture of a century ago. Although the height is onl\' 50 feet, the proportions are so good that the mere mass and outline remind one of a Norman keep. It is gloomy, strong, impressive, and exitlcntly intended to look what it is — ^a prison. The design is by George Dance, who built the Mansion House. It is now al:)out to disappear and cease to be a landmark. I have already spoken of Newgate as the oldest of the city gates, or as being probably of the same age as Bishopsgatc, and I have tried to show that this date may be fixed somewhere between 360 a.d. and 370. To account for the name of this ancient gate we must remember that \\\\\\-m TIju lSef )*""■■" NliVVUATli— TIIIC CH.VFlil, 7. O < THE CITY GOVERNMENT 121 'feV'' '^"''- NliVVGATE — run. CIIAI'EI,, SHOWING WOMEN'S GALLERY it bore at least two older names. The first time we hear of it, in a document which purports to belong to the period of the Mercian kings, but which is probably a forgery of the tenth or eleventh century, it is called Westgate. A little later it is Chamberlain's gate, and we are reminded that \\Tlliam the Chamberlain is mentioned in Domesday as owning a vineyard which must have been on one of the slopes just without the gate. Shortly after the opening of Aldsrate the old rate of the Chamberlain became so ruinous that it had to be rebuilt, and, the former names being forgotten, it became the Newgate. The enlargement of St. Paul's eastward stopped the direct line of the Watling Street, and the road to Cheap led along a new thoroughfare from the gate. It is perhaps 122 THE CITY G0VERNMP:NT \\o!-th wliilc to remark here tliat the oKl Roman gate of Lincohi is, for some similar reason, no cloul)t, at present known as the Newport. Ludgate and Newgate were prisons, the first for citizens only. The Newgate was built just aljout the time that Henry I gave Middlese.K to the citizens, and it was at once appropriated for the use of offenders from that county. There are many complaints in early records as to its incon\'enience. So far back as 14 19 reference is made to it as " the heynouse gaol of Newgate." Ludgate had meanwhile also become " heynouse," so much so indeed that it was abolished as a prison, and city prisoners were sent to Newgate. Peojile are, proverbially, never content, and among other complaints we read that " manv citi- zens " and other " re- putable persons " died after committal to Newgate, "who might have been living, it is said, if they IkuI re- -TT mained in Lutlgate, "^^ktr- juivr— abiding in peace tXl-.RClSli VAUU IN ULU NliVVG.ATli MIDDLESEX STREET (LATE PETTICOAT LANE) ON A SUNDAY MORNING TIIK CITY GOVERNMENT 125 there." AMiittinp^ton left money for the improxenient of the prison, sa)- ing in liis will " that every person is sovereignly bound to support and l)e tender of the li\ cs of men." Newgate eontinucd to exist as a prison till it was burnt by the (iordon rioters in 1780. Meanwhile the present prison had been begun a little to the south- ward, and was fmished in 1783. The Sureeons' Mall, which stood in the Old Bailey, was now remo\ed, and the present Sessions House, in part, erected on the site. Down to 1825 and later Newgate i)rison was in a wretched state, the humane exertions NEWGATE — ONE OF THE CELLS IN WHICH A PRISONER AWAITS HIS TRIAL VN^. Qt) "^^"^'.T' of Howard and of Mrs. Try ha\ing for a long time failed to make much im- pression. The convicts were crowded like sheep in a pen. The keeper of the l)rison had to assist them at his own expense. As late as 1815 a visitor states that the women especially were but half clothed. A Sunday always elapsed between "Trial l-riday" and " Execution Monday," and there are several views extant of the ai)pearance of the interior of the chapel, with the condemned in a ])ew in the centre and -^r. NEWG.\TE — CRIMINALS BLRIAL GROL'XD 126 TIIK CITY GOVERNMKNT a coffin on the tal)le before ihcni. In Rowlandson's view, drawn in 1809, there are eleven convicts, two of them women. In 181 7 some attempt was made to classif)- the jjrisoners, and abuiit the same date the coffm was no longer placed on the cha|)cl table. The unhealthiness of prisoners must, in part at least, account for the severity of the criminal law. There was no altcrnati\e. A man condiinned to long imprisonment was as surely condemned to death as if he IkuI been sent straight to the gallows. Gaol fe\er soon made the sentences equal. Unfortunate!}' innocent people often suffered with the guilty, and in 1750 the Lord Mayor, two of the judges, and some si.xty other persons, caught infection at the Sessions and died of it. Three years later Lord George Gordon, whose followers had destroyed the old prison, died of this distemi)cr in the new one. There were se\eral other gaols in and round the city. Howard in his famous l)ook describes some of them. Bridewell, which has gi\en its name to so many country houses of detention, stood near St. liride's Church, and actually on the spot part of which is now co\-ered bv the x'icaragc of St. Bride's (designed by Mr. Basil Champneys). It was of the nature of a workhouse; but tlie second- aries — who are the tleputies of the sheriffs, an- swering in scjme respects to the sub - sheriffs of counties — had e;i( h a "comp- ter " or " counter " MiUcjAii;— Tin: cundkmnkd cki.i. ■iiii'. ('\v\ (;()\i:RNi\ir.NT 127 under his charge. One of these stood till ncently in ("dltspur Street. It had been rcnio\ed in 1791 from Wood Street, and ser\ed for debtors .uul misdemeanants. I'he second was in tin- Poultry. The nicanin;^ o\' the name is not \ery clear, but it is generally taken to signif\- that a person committed to the coimter did not emerge till he had accounted for his debts and had "paid the uttermost farthinQ." NEVVG.VTE — THE G.\LI.OVVS THli CrrV CAKLTON CLUB COKFEE ROOM THE STOCK EXCHANGE no. 5 fenchurch avenue — messrs. anderson, anderson, and co.'b offices (orient line of royal mail steamers) CHAPTER IV COMMERCE The Thames — The Conservancy — The New Weir — Tlie Wantsum and the Stour — Lundenwic — The Easterlings — Wool and Gold — The Guilds — The Companies — The Jews in London — Trading Companies— The Goldsmiths — Banks — Lombards — The Greshams — The Bank of England — Architecture of the chief Banks. The early importance of London as a commercial centre can hardly be accounted for by any one fact, but it would seem as if a number of different causes acted together to bring it about. At a time when ships are of five and six thousand tons burden we can understand the advan- tages of such a port as we have in the estuary of the Thames. But a thousand years ago the ships that anchored at London Bridge might have sailed on to Teddington, many of them to Oxford. The Thames I i2 COMMERCE was certainly favoured in this respect; but we want some other reason. We find accordingly that the freedom and security of the city counted for a great deal in the Middle Ages. So too it was an easy port to reach from the Low Countries and the mouth of the Elbe, which opened to it the way to the most important cities of the Hanseatic League. Again, for ships going to France or to other ports down Channel the short cut through what is now prac- tically dry ground between the main- land of Kent and the Isle of Thanet, rendered at least the first part of a voyage a very safe and easy perform- ance for even the frailest craft. There \\ere har- bours of refuge farther on at Dover, at Hythe, and at Rye or W'inchclsea, where ships could lie till the weather allowed of a short MINCING LANE comm1':rce 133 vun to the opposite coast, or across the dreaded Ikiy of Biscay to Bor- deaux. The Thames beintr thus a ,i4reat highway, wliethcr inland or away to the continent, it was jealously guarded by the citizens from a very early period, and the "Conservancy" is an ancient institution, until a recent period exclusively in the hands of the corporation, but taken from them in part by an Act of Parliament passed in 1857 f'^'" ^^^^ adequate reason, beyond that spirit of fussi- i^- NOS. 56 ANO 67 CUKNIULL ness which now and then agitates our legislators. This Conservancy dates be- yond what is called "legal memory," or the reign of Richard I. Its jurisdiction extended to the Nore, or New Weir, a fishing-place at the mouth of the Med- way, which we find first mentioned in the will of one Eadmer Anhsende, who left it to Rochester. It was with this Eadmer that Gundulf, the great Bishop of Rochester, lodged in London while he was superintending the building of the 'Sgs'- AI'OTHIiCAKlES HALL, WATER LANK, BLAtKFKIAKS 134 COMMERCE Tower. From the Norc westward the Con- servancy extends to Staines. We see some- what similar jurisdictions on the Elbe, the Scheldt, and other large rivers leading to great cities. The port of London was defined in 665 to extend from London Bridge eastward to the Naze in Essex and the North Foreland in Kent. The passage by the Wantsum and the Stour to the open channel at Sandwich was for centuries of great importance to London. In some very ancient Kentish laws, generally attri- buted to Hlothsere and Eadric, who lived toward the close of the seventh century, mention is made of Lundenwic. I have, in former volumes on London history, assumed with some hesitation that this means London. But though the name undoubtedly points to London as a great commercial centre, it is probable that it was actually borne by a quay or harbour on the Stour im- mediately opposite .Sandwich, a place where the Kentish men came over to buy chattels from the London mcr- ^^^^ _ chants who were on Ciry AUtl'lUN KuOMb, GKACECHUkCII SlKliET Li COMMERCE 135 tlicir way across the Channel. Stonor exists no longer, except, I believe, as the name of a field, but Professor Burrows and other competent authorities place here the Lundenwic of Illotha-re. lUit P^eda not long afterwards speaks of London — this time there can be no mistake — as the emporium of many nations, and King Alfred, who translated Pctla, renders emporium by Cheapstow. Probably while he thus named it, the Cheapstow of London lay empty and desolate, but on his re- colonisation, re-settlement, and re-fortification of the city, trade, we may be sure, returned to the empty cjuays at Pullingsgate and Dowgate. Eadgar and /Ethelred ex- pressly mention in their edicts the miscellaneous character of the cargoes here landed. So by degrees the trade grew in spite of the Danish invasions. Slaves were prohil)ited merchandise after 1008, and the estab- lishment of a colony of German merchants on the Thames bank increased the regular traffic w ith the Elbe, and the punctual payments and good money of these " Easterlings " are still commemorated in our word " sterling" as applied to silver and gold. London must at that TIIK COAL EXrliAN'GK, l.OUTR THAMES STREET I T,6 COMMERCE time and for long after have been a polyglot place. The language of the ricniings from the mouth of the Rhine would not perhaps differ so much from the Old English of the native merchants, but the High Dutch, the C.erman of the Easterlings, and the French of the Normans, must have been quite as common. Down t(^ the time of King John, the treatment of foreigners was regulated on a simple principle. Men FISHMONGERS IIAI.L, LONDON BRIDGE of other nations \\'ere to be received in London as those nations received the men df Dontlon. In like manner English cities were offered reciprocal terms, London, ne\'ertheless, asserting her supremacy as occasion offered. The two employments, which in the Middle Ages brought wealth to London, were those connected with wool and those connected w ith the precious metals. As nuich cloth, we are tokl, was made in Loiuloii COnrMERCE 137 VINTNEKb HALL — ENTRANCE been the most powerful, acquainted, they quar- relled with professors of the great rival art of the goldsmiths, and in 1226 a pitched battle took place between 500 men of either side fully armed. The tailors, it would seem, occupied the eastern part of the city, while the gold- smiths flourished in the as would clothe all Hurope. The wea\'ers were very powerful — too l)Owerful indeed — and measures for repressing and dividing them were taken as early as the reign of King Henry 11. They had formed themselves into a guild and were rich as well as powerful. But the governing body was richer, and John was very sus- ceptible to the influence of wealth. In the reign of Henry III the weavers' guild had resolxed itself into its component parts, and we have tailors, fullers, shearmen, cloth workers, and other guilds, of whom the tailors seem to have For some reason with which we are not j.;r. T.\LLO\V CHANDLERS HALL, DOWCATE HILL i^,S COMMERCE Ife- GOLDSMITHS HALL, 1 OSTLK LANL west, and " Gcjldsmiths' Row" in Cheap was one of the great s; of London. Between them we find the mercers, who seem to liad a kind of arcade or bazaar near w here St. Mary le Bow Church stands now. The names of the streets which gradually grew up all over the market- place enable us to localise the fish- mongers, money-changers, milk, honey, poultry, and wood sellers, the cord- \\ainers or shoemakers, the hosiers, the ironmongers, the dealers in bread, in fruit, in salt fish, in hay and grass, and in pattens or clogs. All these trades luul guilds among them, which bound their members to perform certain religious exercises at stated periods, and to meet and feast ghts ha\"e .--^ 1; BAKEKb HALL, HAKl' LA.Nli CHEAPSIDE— A RAINY DAY COMMERCE 1. 1 1 together on certain days. These guilds by degrees lost their i)riniiti\'e character, and became merged in the chartered companies, some of which consisted of the men of a single guiltl, some of two or three. Finally, the guilds, which had by that time become wholly religious, were abolishctl bv Act of Parliament in 1552, and their estates were either for- feited or were bought in by the com- panies. When people speak nowadays of the "guilds," meaning the companies, they commit a complete anaclironism. >■"• ENTRANCE TO MERCEKS H.\LI., CHEAPSIDE There is not a single guild now in the city. Edward III first chartered companies, though as early as the reign of Henry III the trade guilds of the cappers, the parish clerks, and the "burillers" or cloth measurers, are said to have been recognised in some way by the king. The first charters of Edward III were given to the goldsmiths, the linen-armourers, whose company the king himself ■^- brewers' hall, addle street 142 COMMERCE entered, the n-roccrs, fishmongers, the drapers, and others. Twelve companies commonly take precedence of all others. Though the mercers A\ere not incorporated till the reign of Richard II, they take precedence of the goldsmiths, linen-armourers, and other older companies, the grocers ranking next, the drapers after them, then the fishmongers, and the goldsmiths fifth. These companies, though at first they did much to regulate trade, were not themselves traders. They did not in any way resemble the modern limited or unlimited "Co." By degrees many of them drifted away altogether from the trade whose name they bore, but the goldsmiths, the fishmongers, the plum- bers, the stationers, and a few more, still endeaxour to deser\e their titles. As a rule, howexer, they are the ti'ustees of large en- dowments for charitable purposes, and administer them admirably. In the reign of James I many of them took up lands in Ulster, and when, under the pressure of a transient and misguided wa\e of public opinion, the)' sold some of their estates, the unfortunate tenants found i"^ out too late what a foolish 1. ^.V!^.^^''- ' PRAPIiRs' IIAl.l., IIIKOGMORTON STKEKT COMMERCE 143 exchange they h;ul made. We may all remember the absurd attempt of some agitators to force the companies to keej) up the charitable gifts the)' hatl made to the tenants, A\hile they still held their estates. The expulsion of the Jews by Edward must ha\e been a blow to the [irosperity of the city. They are always said to have come into London at the time of the Norman Concjuest, and their place of residence, the Jewry, still called after them, is close to the sup[)osed site of the king's palace. They were looked upon and treated as the king's special property, and their history here, and at other places in lingiand where they had settlements, is a long record of .systematic plunder on the part of their master, and of slaughter and ill-treatnient on the part of their fellow-subjects. Many interesting particulars have of late years been brought to MERCH.VNT T.WLUKb' U.\LL, TUKli.^U.NttULL blKEET 144 COMMERCE light as to the Jewry and its in- habitants by the researches of Mr. Joseph Jacobs and Mr. M. D. Davis, both of whom have favoured me with interesting notes on the subject. Mr. Jacobs has succeeded in constructing a plan of the Jewry, and in identifying the sites of the dwellings of the principal families. Mr. Davis has translated many Hebrew title-deeds and other docu- ments. It is therefore quite pos- sible both to know where and how CHliAPSIDE — L'NUEK THE TREE M ML- they lived, and to trace several generations and their connections in York, Lincoln, and other cities. The Jewry seems to have been on the north side of Cheap ; the streets occupied being Lade Lane, Cateaton Street, now Gresham Street, and a corner of Lothbury ; while Lawrence Lane on the west and the Old Jewry on the east formed two other Ijoundaries. The chief synagogue was near St. Lawrence's Clunvli, and a UAKUEK!)' 11AI.1., MONKWEl.l. aTKLET ■r. a 7. '-> O O u p o COMMERCE 147 second existed at the corner of Lothbury and Old Jewry. Mr. Jacobs has identified the actual sites of the houses of some twenty wealthy Jews, and the fact that after the expulsion some of these houses were occupied by the most eminent citizens goes to show the truth of the remark of Ralph of Coggeshalc that Jews' houses were like kings' palaces. Two fine examples survive at Lincoln, but in London all have perished. The Jews were probably the first Lon- doners to build ill stone instead of timber. Mr. Jacobs is inclined to derive the name Backwell Hall — a name \vhich, in one form or another, is very ancient — from the former existence of a synagogue in what is now SIR ROWLAND HILL Guildhall Yard ; and more particularly from the bath for women which used to be attached to every synagogue. As to the Old Jewry itself, there seems to be good ground for believing that it was so called even before the final expulsion of the Jews, for we find the king granting away some of their houses to his relations and favourites, and can almost with certainty identify their houses as being in that particular street. It had thus before the ex- pulsion become the old, that is, the former Jewry. j\L-. Jacobs makes jews' SYNAGUGUli, GKKAT ST. IILLEN S 148 COMMERCE another interesting suggestion always puzzled topographers. Hagin family, whose ner of Wood Street. Jewish name in Lon- formerly Jewin Gar- of their burial-place, trading companies The model of the for establishments on that of Bruges in flourishing Huggin Lane bears a name which has Mr. Jacobs would derive it from the house was at the cor- There is one more don. Jewin Street, den, marks the site Meanwhile certain were also established. Steelyard was taken the continent, and Flanders was specially merchant-adventurers *%.- COUKT BUFFET IN STATIUNEKS HALL were \n some cases and influence. The subsisted till very and an African com- been established. These obtained charters, and bodies of great power East India Company latclv, and a Borneo pany have recently Queen Elizabeth and her minister Cecil, ably seconded by Gresham, got rid of the foreign Steelyard witli its :V'. 7^iQ!lk>^aj«iC^^«^&^5&diriiP",.- t~ MERrllANT TAYI.OKs' SCHOOl,, CHARTF-RIIOUSE SQUARE Y H\ ¥t mp j|.« 4^tM l62 COMMERCE eighteenth centur)-. In 1794 the house was rebuilt. Bankint^ made great strides after the fire of 1666; and many of the wealthiest houses were founded about that time. Charles II dealt a hea\y blow at their prosperity by closing the Exchequer. Charles I had '9^' ' >ibs< B. a iS K SIGN UF THli "l-OX. 24 UlMHAkLl STKKKT finally ruined his cause by seizing ;/^20o,ooo which the bankers of his time had deposited for safety in the Tower; l)ut the Stuarts, like the Bour- bons, learnt nothing by experience, and in 1672 Charles II seized Trea- sur_\' dej)()sits to the amount of ;^^i ,300,000. One banker alone. Sir Robert \nner, lost _;;/^4 1 6,000, but had as compensation an annuit\ out of the excise. \'iner was the "'oidsmith who made the regalia, now in the Tower. Another great banker, Backwell, \\as LAW liilHT>, iiHAM II ni nil.. HANK OF K.SOI.ANU, lI.EF.T STREET ) . J y. X o ■r, o a J COMMKRCK 165 ruinctl, and retiring' to Holland on a pension, died there in 1679. His sons, however, joining Child's, are reckoned among' the fonnders of that prosperous and now ancient house, for a further account of which I may refer the reader to Mr. Price's Handbook, alread)- quoted. Me mentions five houses as still extant whose predecessors kept " running cashes" in 1677. Of these, Child's is in Fleet Street, the first house on the right as )-ou enter the city ; Hoare's, No. 37 in the same street, is marketl hy the "("lolden Bottle," originall)' set uj) in Cheapside ; Stock's, now Jiarnett's, is at the I Slack Horse in Lombard Street, now No. 62; and Williams's, now Willis's, at the Crown, No. 76 in the same street. In 1694 London banking entered on a new phase. The r)ank of England was opened at Grocers' Hall in the Poultry. It encoimlei'cd great opposition at first. Child's and Hoare's united to break it without success, and notwith- standing the loss of its chief promoter, Godfrey, ^\"ho \\'as killed at the siege of Namur when attending William HI with money, and notwithstanding also its ha\ing' on one occasioii in 1696 actually to close its doors, it grew^ and prospered, and moved into a new building in 1734. This was in Threadneedle Street, which has ever since been its headquarters, and the "old lady of Threadneedle Street" is famous all over the world. The name of the street is said, with great prob- l-OLNTAI.N tOUKT l.N THE B.V.NK OF liNOL.VNU 1 66 COMMERCE flKST COURT IN THE BANK UF ENGLAND storeys rising from a well -rusticated basement, designed by Sampson, the northern face of which may still be seen ; but it soon grew too small for the re- cjuirements of business, and the present long low front, which covers nearly the whole parish of St. Christopher, of which the churchyard (the church having been taken down), now forms one of the in- terior courts, was designed and erected by Sir Robert Taylor in 1786, and com- pleted in later years by Sir John Soane. Taylor's buildings round the church)ard of St. Christopher's are much and de- ser\-cdl\' admii-cd. They are in the Cor- inthian style. The exterior as we see it ability, to be de- rived from a tavern called, in compliment to the Merchant Tay- lors, whose hall is at the eastern end, the Three Needles. The first bank was a comparatively modest building, with a neat Ionic front of two KOTllbCinUJb' UANK, ST. SWITHIN !> LANE o y. y. COMAIKRCE 169 LLOVUb I'ANK, luMllAKU bTki;i;T remains were laid in an ordinary cemetery they would be dug up by the resurrectionists. As the Bank of England is the greatest, so it is the most beautiful of the city banks. Since the removal of Temple Bar, Child's, which it adjoined, has been rebuilt in a style I cannot admire, the architect having fallen into the very common mistake of supposing that an excess of orna- is Soane's, and was built in the years after 1788. The semicircular group of pillars at the north- western corner, facing Lothbury and Prince's Street, forms one of the most })leasing architectural effects in London. The Church of .St. Christopher was taken dow n in 1 78 1, the last person to be interred in tlie graveyard being a clerk named Jenkins, wlio was six feet six inches in height, and whose relations were afraid tliat if his 3.AKINGS' BANK, BISllOl'SGATIi STKEliT WITHIN I/O COMMERCE merit will niakc an otherwise ugly design ornamental. The two banks next to it — that of Messrs. Gosling, with the three squirrels in the window, and that of Messrs. Hoare, with its golden bottle — are very j)lain ; but nearl}' opposite to them the Law Courts branch of the Bank of England forms a striking feature in the view along Fleet Street. It is by Sir Arthur Blomfield, and resembles a little too much an Italian country villa, not ha\'ing the plain dignity suitable for a town house. The chief l)anks are in and near Lombard Street; but though a good many of them have been recently rebuilt, their style, which might have made this ancient thoroughfare into a street of palaces, com- parable to Pall Mall or the Via Nuova in Genoa, has only suc- ceeded in disfiguring it. The chief offend- ers, in my opinion at least, arc among the most costly, as, for example, the block in which Messrs. Robarts' bank is situate, that which contains the Credit L)()nnais, :uu\ the new buildin<'s of the NATIONAL I'KUVl.NtlAL UANK ul ENGLA.N1>, lilSllOI'bGATL blKEET VVlTllIN commi:rcI'. 171 London and County. If tlic handsome front of the hist-nanicd com- pany at Knii^htsbridge could have been transferred here it would ha\e adorned the whole street. Two of the new houses are fairly good. At the corner of Birch in Lane, the London quarters of the Com- mercial Bank of Scot- land are spoilt by a mean attic storey ; but the two lower storeys in polished red and gray granite arc fine. Messrs. Lloyds' is, like the last named, in two orders, Tuscan - Doric and Ionic, and has a good deal of dignity. In Bishopsgate Within we have on opposite sides of the street two typical examples. On the west side is one limrisll AND FORKIGN BIBLE SOCIF.TY, QUF.KN VICTORIA STRF.F.T of the most gorgeous fronts in the city, cover- ing the site of Gresham's house. Gorgeous as it is, I cannot say a single word in its fa\our. All the ornament in Lurope would not give the design dignity or proportion. On the eastern side is a very different building, the bank of Messrs. Baring, \'ery ])]ain, in red brick, i;: COMMERCE exquisitely proportioned. This is by a master whose works arc un- fortunately much too rare, Mr. Norman .Shaw, and is well worthy of his reputation. The l)anking-house of Messrs. Dimsdale and Fowler, in Cornhill, is plain but not unpleasing. Messrs. King's, No. 65, has been rebuilt since Thackeray wrote his famous Roundabout Papers while looking out on St. Peter's Church. Of the style of the new house the less we say the better. It is one of the wonders of modern life that if an architect has to design a building which is to stand near one of the masterpieces of a former age he endeavours to show how far he can go in the opposite direction. The new buildings in Whitehall dwarf and overtop the chapel of Inigo Jones. The Aquarium stands opposite Westminster Abbey. The new Mercers' Hall is near the Mansion House. The offices of the Bible Society are between St. Andrew's and St. Bennct's. Comment is needless. INTERIOR OK BARINGS HANK ON CHANGE— KOV.M. I'.Xt MANGE CHAPTER V THE CHURCHES 'VzSiLi^ Parochial Names— Their Meaning— 'I'he Old Chnrchcs— St. Kartholoniew — St. (;iles — St. iuhelburga — St. Helen — St. Andrew Undershaft — St. Katherine Cree — All Hallows' llarkin-— St. Olave, Hart Street — \Vren's Churches— St. Paul's— St. Stephen, Walbrook— St. .\nthcjlin— 'Hie Steejjles. London contains some of the most beautiful cluirches in the world, and forms in itself a complete mu- seum of lHiL;iish ecclesiastical art. We have the grand heavy Norman style in St. I Bartholomew's, All Hallows' liarking, the Temple Church, and, could we but see it, in the crypt of St. Mary le Bow. We have the Early English or first Pointed in St. Saviour's, South- wark, St. Ethelburga, and the eastern part of the Temple Church. The Perpendicular style may be studied in St. Olave, Hart Street, and its latest development in St. Giles's, Cripplegate, and St. An- drew Undershaft. Then in St. Katherine Cree we have an ex- '^' SIATLE OF QfEEN .\N.Ni; l.N .ST. l'.\eLS CI1LKC11V.\KU 176 THE CHURCHES ample of that rarest of styles, the Gothic of the Stuart period, the brief revival extini;'uished by the Great Rebellion. We had a second example in the Ghapel of Lincoln's Inn, but it has been lately ruined by the ruinator of St. Albans Abbey. I would like furthermore to belie\e that in -St. Albans, Wood Street, we have Inigo Jones's Gothic, restored — not in Lord Grimthorpe's sense of the word — by Sir Christopher \\'ren, of whose feeling for the old style we have other examples in St. ALary Aldermary, the glorious tower of St. Michael, and the too fantastic spire of St. Dunstan in the East. Of Wren's own style we have St. Paul's, in many respects the finest cathedral in the world, and St. Stephen's, Walbrook, till lately the model and cri- terion of all Protestant parochial churches. There are beauties in all Wren's city churches, and the contrast is strong between even the meanest of them and such build- ings as St. Peter le Poor or St. Katherine Cole- man. The Gothic revival of our own time is well illustrated by St. Dun- stan, Ldeet Street, a building which, if it had Ijeen in stone, or even red, instead of drab, brick, might l)e almost Ll.NtOLN b I.N.N CIlAI'i;!, THE CHURCHES 177 unreservedly admired. Before proceeding to visit some of these beautiful churches we may well pause for a moment to iiupiire as to the meaning of the very some of them bear, which Stow stumbled must acknowledge, in until \cry recently we his derivations. I have Ludgate, Aldgate, and Huggin Lane and some ha\e many more which puzzling to account for. on to the names of the are dedicated. Amonof strange-sounding names There was nothino; over SO hopelessly ; but we much humility, that were all ready to accept mentioned Cripplegate, Billingsgate, as well as other names. But we are occasionally very They are chiefly tacked saints to whom churches those of St. Mary, for example, how shall ^ve church account for Aldermary, le Bow, Staining, Bothaw, Woolnoth, Woolchurch Haw, Colechurch, -^p- PEPYS MONUMliNT IN ST. OI.AVE S CHURCH igyj^jjEAc. .;-;ii-*---^^ UNDER LINCOLN S INN CHAPEL 2 A &4^ Ai,i, hallows' barking church 178 THE CHURCHES Mounthaw, Somerset, and Abchurch ? Let us take these first and in order. They all seem to have been parts of one great parish, dedicated at a very remote period to the Blessed Virgin, and as they were one by one built and en- dowed were distin- guished in popular speech by some man's name or nickname or by some local or other peculiarity. While Westcheap was an open market-place there flowed along its eastern side a stream, now hidden far under- ground, known as the W'allbrook, generally written \ Va 1 b roo k . ( ) n the western side of this brook was the parish church of St. Alar)' — St. Mary Aldcrmary — the original church, as its second name de- notes, from which the others ai"e dcrixed. In process of time, but VESTRY IN ST. OLAVE's CHURCH, HAKT STREIir, FKNCHURCH STKKLT THE CHURCHES 179 exactly when it is not easy to say, except that it was prob- ably early in the twelfth century and after the Great Tire of 1136, there was a great multiplication of small churches, and three or four of them seem to mark landinp-- places, now otherwise obliter- ated, on the Walbrook. First we have St. Mary Somerset, which Stow \ery judiciously interprets Somer's hi the, quoting the name of Edred's A BACK COCK I ].N ^MllllHiJI hithe, afterwards Queenhithe, which was close by. Then we come to a lock or "hatch." This is marked by St. Alary Mounthaw, \vhere it is not easy to accept Stow's Alonthaunt family, of which no records e.xist. Then we have another " hatch," St. Mary Bothaw, usually said to mean Boat- hatch, but more probably a wooden gate-lock called in some early documents Board -hatch or " la Bord-hawe." Next we reach St. Mary Woolchurch Haw ; in " Woolchurch " I think there is an allusion to the neio-hbourintj "^;- DOOR OF ST. DUNSTAN S CHURCH I So THE CHURCHES Woollcnhithc, or Wolnoth, but the new church was nearer the "haw" or hatch. St. Mary Wolnoth seems unquestionably a name referring to the hithe. St. Mary Abchurch seems to be a corruption of Up-church, on account of its situation above St. Mary Bothaw. St. Mary at Mill has something of the same kind of meaning. St. Mary Aldermanbury explains itself. NORTH SIDE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW THK GREAT St. Mary le Bow boasted of a tall tower sur- m o u n t e d by arches, or "bows," and a small spire supported on them like that of Wren's St. Dunstan. St. Mary Colechurch would be more puzzling, luit that it probably stood in that part of the market where coal or charcoal was sold. St. Mary Stain- ing may mark the unusual pheno- menon in the city of a stone build- ing; or it and All Mallows' Staining, or one of them, may be called from the manor of Staines, to ^\■hich certain houses in London belonged before the Norman Concjuest. These i^- ST. BARTHOLOMEW THE GREAT o X w P TlIK nHJRCIIES 183 houses arc not mentioned in Domes- day ; but they may be commemorated by Staining Lane, and I observe that in the carHest document in which there is distinct mention of tliis church it is described as "St. ALary's, Staining- Lane." Having thus seen Iiow easily tlic names of all the \arious "St. Mary" cliurches may be accounted for, we C1R-KCIIVAKL>, ST. BAUTHOLOMEVV THli GKE.\T may pick out from the list of city parishes a few of the names which seem most strange and quaint. All Hallows' Barking was founded by the Abbey of Barking in Essex. St. Andrew Hubbard is called in ancient documents " Hubert," which was no doubt the name of a benefactor, restorer, or rebuilder, who lived before the reign of Henry HI. " Undershaft," the name of another St. Andrew's, ST. BARTHOLOMEW THE GREAT, C0CKEKELL'.S liUILDlNGS I 84 THE CHURCHES refers to the maypole on Cornhill, which used to stand close by. "The Wardrobe" was a royal office situated in Castle Baynard, where the keepers of the King's apparel had their headquarters, and one of the churches dedicated to St. Andrew was near it. " St. Benedict, or St. Benet Fink," is called, says Newcourt, "of Robert Finck the elder, who new built it, but about what time I find not." It is mentioned as early as 131 1, and the Finks or Finches were great folk in the city, and are still commemorated by Finch Lane, Cornhill. St. Benet " Sherehog," in Size Lane, is an interest- ing example of the change of a dedica- tion. The church became ruinous, perhaps from the Great Fire of 1 136, and was rebuilt by Sherehog, a citizen whose nickname became a surname and survived for some generations in the city. " Screhoij^ William was liv- ing in 1 122. He may have been of a miserly disposition, but for some reason or other, the nick- name he acquired y^\^^ CHUKtIl OF ST. liTHEl.BUki. \, I 1 ^H. H'^GATli THE CHURCH ICS 185 stuck to him in an age when even aldeiinen bore such nicknames as "Drink-peg," "The Proud," and "Hat," and when conmioner folk were called Bull and Goose, Box and Horn, Pig and Cioodcheap, to say nothing of niuch more offensive appellations. St. Osyth's perished, leaving a memorial of its name in Size Lane, and St. Benedict " .Sjicre- hog " rose in its place, to be burnt and never rebuilt in the second (ireat Fire, that of 1666. vSt. Christopher " Ic Stocks" is mentioned before 1233, and was so called from its proximity to the Stocks Market. The church stood where the Duke of Wellington's statue stands now in the open space before the por- tico of the Royal Exchange. St. Dion is " Backchurch " was in Fenchurch Street, and is mentioned as early as the reign of Ikhward L It took its name, no doubt, from its situation behind a row of shops. St. John Zachary was so called from a certain priest who prob- ably built it in the middle of the twelfth century. St. Katherine "Coleman" is called from a large garden or enclosure known as Coleman Haw, as early as the reign of Edward HI. St. Katherine " Cree," or more correctly " Cree- church," was so called INTEKIOH Ol- bT. LTIIELBL'KGA'S I.1H-RC1I, BISHOPSGATE 2 B I 86 THE CHURCHES from Christ Church or Holy Trinity, the priory adjoining. St. Margaret Moses must have been built by one Moses, or Moyses, a priest who signs a deed re- lating to land in the parish of about the year 1140. St. Margaret Pattens stands in that part of Eastcheap where pattens or clogs were made and sold. St. Martin " Orsfar's " commemorates an alderman of the twelfth century, who also built St. Botolph's at Billingsgate. St. Martin " Outwich " was built by the members of a family of that name — a name they prob- ably derived from the suburb beyond SUNDIAL, ST. KATHERINE CREE LEADENHALL STREET Bishopsgate. St. Martin " Pomery " shows us where apples were sold in Westcheap, and St. Michael " Ic Ouerne" where the corn-market stood. It is sometimes called St. Michael "at corn." St. Michael "Paternoster Ro)al " is a puzzling name, yet not (juiteas puzzling as it looks. It stands near the \'intry in the ward of that name, and was at the junction of two lanes. Paternoster — not to l)e con- founded with Paternoster Row— and La Riole, which was called after a \illage of tliat name near Bordeaux, and was probably the headquarters of ST. ANDREW UNDERSHAI-T, LEAUENIIALI. STREET TITK CHURCHES 189 the wine merchants wlio came from the King's dominions o\er the sea. The difficulty here is witli Pateinoslcr Lane. How did it come by tliat name? St. Nichohis "Aeons" may ha\-e somelliing' to do with oaks or an oak. Perhaps a tree grew^ near it. But the most rational explanation is that the church was built by Hacon, who was an early alderman. Nicholas "Cole Abbey" is probably a corruption of St. Nicholas Colby, and refers to a founder or restorer. St. Nicholas " Olave " may be similarly derived. In old documents it is St. DOOR, ST. HELEN'S CHURCH, BISHOPSG.\TE STREET Nicholas "Olaf." St. Peter " le Poor" is described about the year 1170 as "parvus," the little, to distinguish it, no doubt, from St. Peter on Cornhill. Although many of the churches have perished, the old parochial names are still constantly to be seen by an)' one who perambulates the city, and the old parochial boundaries are rigidly marked and kept. We may briefl)' call atten- TOMB IN ST. HELEN'S CHURCH 190 THE CHURCHES tioii first to the old churches wliich escaped the Great Fire, and then to a few t)pical examples of Wren's noble designs. It is interesting r^m^f... -■:-- DOORWAY, ST. HELEN S CHURCH DOOR IN ST. HELEN S CHURCH to find that among the sur\iving churches one of the oldest may be MSii,.....£^s.. recognised in St. Bar- tholomew the Great, in Smithfield. Smithfield is the smooth field, or open space, outside the walls which the citizens resorted to for open-air assemblies and other such purposes when the houses I round W'estcheap and the encroachments of the MONUMENT TO SIR JULIUS CVESAH, ST. HELKN's CHURCH THE CHURCHES cathedral had eaten uj) all the space where at first they had held their folk- mote. We ha\-e all read about the meeting in Smithfield when Richard II put himself at the head of the people and when \Valworth stabbed Wat Tyler. It is hardly worth while to point out for the hundredth time that AWalworth's dagger does not figure on 191 MONUMENT TO I'lCKIiKING, ST. IIKLIiN'S CIIUKCH the city shield — nor any dagger, but the sword of St. I\iul, the emblem of his martyrdom. It \\x)uld not be easy, even for a person very learned in London topography, to piece together a view of what Smithfield was like in those days — with the monastery of the Canons on its eastern side, and the old hospital buildings, perhaps half- timbered gables like those of the ho.s- pitals at Warwick and Coxentry, to the south. On the edge of the steep hill leading down towards the Ideet was a gibbet, perhaps two or three gibbets, with decaying skeletons hanging to PULPIT IN ST. Helen's church 192 THE CHURCHES them. Northward there would be open ground, so that the prior was able to see his country seat at Canon- bury from his town house in St. Bartholomew's Close. All that is now left of the church is the choir, greatly "restored " and renewed, but still heavy and gloomy with its mas- sive Norman piers and arches ; and the great fifteenth -century tomb of Rahere, the founder. We cannot tell whether Rahere founded the hospital as well, but there \\ould seem to have been a parish church here, now represented by the chapel of the hos- pital, as early as the time of lidward the Confessor. The hospital covers the whole parish. There are pretty stories of Rahere, who is said to have been a professional jester at the court of Henry I, but, repenting liim of certain naughtinesses, he made a pilgrimage to Rome, and returning built the monas- ter) in obedience to orders received from St. Bartho- lomew in a vision. I have often tried in vain to un- ravel the different accounts of the Anindalion of the priory, of the hospital, and of the neighbouring cluiich (}f St. .Sepulchre. On the UUCTUKi CU.MMONS UNl'KANCli TO DOCTORS COMMONS as > 2 a •X o X Q S < 2 C THE CHURCHES ■95 "M ' ■Mm rfl M- w doctors' commons, vicar-gknerai.'s office and their historical sii^^mificance Bartholomew the Less nothing' remains, though it was spared by the Great Fire. The pre- sent church, or hospital chapel, is in a hopelessly mean style of Gothic, as we might expect from its date, 1823. Inigo Jones, the great architect, was baptized in the old church. vStill outside the city walls, though within the civic bound- aries, there is another church which escaped the Great Fire, namely, St. Giles's. The ori- ginal fabric was built l)y a man named Alfune, who was, \\ e are \\\ If Ki- great whole, I do not think there was any church here till just before the Conquest, that the priory came next, then tlie hospital, and hnalK' St. Sepulchre's, a dedi- cation of comparatively late character. The tower and porch of St. Sepulchre's are ancient, but thoroughly re- stored of late years, part obliterated. Of St. ^ PORTUGUESE SYN.AGOGUE, BEVIS MARKS y. .'^t^v, N; Y <^^ r 196 THE CHURCHES tokl, a friend of Rahere. He must have built the church before Rahere had finished St. Bartholomew's, which was in or about 1102, for in 1103 the archdeacon Reyner witnesses a deed by which Aelmund gives the advowson to St. Paul's, subject to his own incumbency and that of his son Hugh. It is probable that most parish priests in the twelfth century were married men, though of course Aelmund may have been a \\idower \\\\o took orders after the death of his wife. The dean and chapter of St. Paul's have still the presenta- tion to St. Giles's given them by Aelmund 700 years ago. Queen Matilda, the wife of Henry I, patronised the new church b)- founding' in it a Q'uild dedicated to St. Mary and St. Giles. Every one visits St. Giles's church who visits anything of the kind in London, for there is the tomb of the immortal poet John Milton, and in the church- yard is one of the most perfect remnants of the old city wall. The church as we now see it was built after a disastrous fire in 1545. The Great Plague \vrought tci'ribic haxoc in this ])arish, and no wonder, for we read that the parishioners drank water from a well in tlie graveyard. K\en the clerk died, and the whole area was raised two feet l)\ the burials. " Crowder's Well" must have \\ THE OLD GATEWAY TO I.INXOI.N'S INN, CIIANCK.RY I.ANE THE CHURCHES 197 tl(n\ccl with ])urc poison ; and a second Sjjrini^' near the wall, which was arched over by \VhittingU)n, cannot have been much better. We may n(n\ enter within the circuit of the walls at Bishopsgate, and we shall come immediately to a \ery small but \cry ancient church, about whose history, how- ever, the records seem to be wonderfully silent. This is St. Ethelburga's, a curious little place, with a few lancet windows, but no other features to detain us, the most remarkable thing about it being the en- JUNIOR BEADLE OF THE ROYAL EXCHANGE trance through an archway under a shop. This was a common arrangement, which we may trace at St. Katherine Coleman and St. Giles's, Cripplegate, the church we have just left, as well as at St. Helen's, to which we are just coming. \'ery few great names are connected with St. Ethelburga's ; for though we find Robert Kilwardby among the rectors, it cannot have been the famous Dominican friar who -Qi, THE CHARTERHOUSE, CHARTKKlluLiL xjlAkl. 198 THE CHURCHES became a Cardinal-Archbishop of Canterbury, as the dates will not fit. One incunil)cnt, John Larke, was a friend of Sir Thomas More, and, like him, was put to death for denying the supremacy of Henry VIII. Of St. Helen's a great deal has been written and might be \\ritten, for it is as remarkable for its connection with the names of great folk, as St. Ethelburga is for their absence. Of the fabric of the church there is not much to be said. The south doorway is as interesting as any other part of the church, and must have had several narrow escapes at the hands of restorers, for it is in a wholly incongruous style, being dated 1633. St. Helen's does not come quite honestly by many of the monuments which crowd its walls and the floor of the nun's aisle, for they are from St. Martin Outw ich ; but the best belong to the parish ; and the \isitor should by no means fail to see the fine " hearse " of Sir William Pickering, the Ijrass of a lad)' in a heraldic mantle, and the curious epita})h of Sir Iiilius C.xsar, on a hand- Tin-: ' IIAUIICUIIOL'SJ-; DINING II.M.I, THl-: CITURCIIKS 199 some tomb made by Nicholas Stone. ( )f the domestic ])arl of St. Helen's rrior}-, the wealthiest nunnery in London, nothing remains above gix)und. A short walk throui;ii a lab\rinth of t)ld antl narrow hmes takes us into the street called vSt. Mary Axe. There is no church of that name, nor, indeed, by accident, any church in the ward of Lime Street, of which it forms a part. Stow tells us some- thintr of a church and parish of St. ALary, St. Ursula and the ele\en thousand virgins, which adjoined a house at its east end, of the sign of the Axe. It was pulled down in 1561 and the parish united to that of St. Andrew Lhidershaft. The church of St. Andrew- stands at the corner, and is very picturesque and well worth a visit, if only for the sake of John Stow, whose handsome terra cotta monument is at the north- eastern corner, the historian being represented writing, with a ([uill pen, occasion- ally renewed, in his hand. The church, though in the ST. MAKG.\KliT'b CHUKCII -AND Ol.U HOUSES IN E.VsTCIIliAl' 300 THE CHURCHES Gothic st}lc, only dates from the reign of Henry VIII. Proceeding; a little farther eastward aloncr Leaden hall Street, we reach a more modern but still more in- teresting church, that known as St. Katherine Cree, a name I have already ac- counted for. St. Katherine's was closely connected with the life and death of Arch- bishop Laud, who must, in- deed, be looked upon as its designer. A former church had been built here by the Prior of Aldgate in order that he and his canons should not ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL, LORD NELSONS TOMB THli LIBRARY, ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL 2 D TiiK c:iiuRciii-:s 203 LORD MELBOURNE'S MONUMENT, ST. I'AUE'S church is unlike Jones's Gothic and still more unlike the style the west end of Old St. Paul's, the views of Laud, who was then Bishop of London, and shows us \\hat he considered conxenient for the worship of the Church of England. As is well known, Laud's behaviour and the cere- monies he observed at the consecration in 163 1 were brought against him at his trial and condenmation in be disturbed by the presence of the lail)^ at the serxices in the |)rior\' church. In this church was tile gra\e of at least one ver)- famous man, Hans lIoll)ein the |)ainter, who died of the plague while staying with the Duke of Norfolk in what had been the Prior's house, prol)ably in 1543, but the date is uncertain. In 1628 the old church was pulled down, and, it is asserted, Inigo Jones was the architect chosen to rebuild it. There is no tlirect evidence that this is the case. On the contrar\, the as we used to see it at Lincoln's Inn, he adopted when he built the porch at Be this as it m:y\, the design reflects jKE of WELLINGTON'S FUNEK.IL CAK LN Hit cKVl'l Ol- Sl.i'AULs >04 TIIF. CHURCHES 1644. The church consists of a nave and narrow aisles, divided by a double row of handsome Corinthian columns supporting round arches. Most of the other details are of a Gothic character, and there is a fine "Katharine wheel" window at the east end. A curious "classical" porch at the south-east side was put PULPIT IN ST. PAUL S up in 163 1 by \\"illiam .\venon, but has just been pulled down, and another feature of London before the Great Fire obliterated. The old church of All Hallows' Barking", close to Tower Hill, is well worth a visit. Some parts of it seem to be of Norman date, such as the massive piers at the western end. A portion of the church was touched by the Great Tire, but except a very modci'ii poi"ch, in the coarsely moulded sl\ le now known PATEKNOSTER ROW THK C II UR CITES 205 as Gothic, it remains imich as it was in the days when the headless bodies of Fisher, Surrey, and Laud were hiid in it, all of them to be subsequently removed. Not far from All Hallows', in a little court off Fenchurch Street, is the old tower of All Hallows' Stainini;-, the church hav- ing been pulled down, like so many other churches in the neighbourhood. We may be glad that even this relic was spared. The last Gothic church in the city is one which attracts many visitors as the burial-place of Samuel Pepys. St. Olave's, Hart Street, deserves a visit for its own sake. The Gothic ])art has been only too thoroughly "restored," and we cannot now tell how much of it is old and how- much new. But, for some unexplained reason, the restorers spared a good deal of the later work, such, for example, as the delightful \-estry with Its wonderful angel ceiling, and the gateway adorned with skulls. The pulpit, attributed to Grinling Gibbons, and worthy of him, came from the destroyed church of St. Benedict Gracechurch. The great majority of the city churches as we now see them A GLIMPSE OF ST. I'.'MH.'s FROM SOIITHUARK 2o6 THE CHURCHES are to be ascribed to the genius of Sir Christopher Wren. I first saw St. Paul's during the height of the great Gothic mania, whose prevalence has led both in London and in the country to such widespread de- struction of the relics of old time, under the name of "re- storation." I came prejudiced in every possible way against it ; I had, as I supposed, a fair idea from prints — it was in days before photographs — of what impression the church would make on my mind, but I freely confess that all my pre-formed opinions and ideas were swept f,-.^.^ away at the first \isit. The *i^'' view up Ludgate Hill, with the short graceful spire of St. Mar- ■■-. -, tin's in the foreground to afford a measure to the eve, is with- ST. STEI'HliN S, VVALBKOOK OU t a ri\;d in lin'jland. Tin widening of the roadway seems to me partly to compensate for the interrujjtion of the \iew by the railway bridge. What an o]i]iortunity was lost when this Indeous \iaduct was made! It woidd ha\e l)een so easy to design something worthy of the view. Another excellent place from which to enjoy the exterior of St. Paul's is Paternoster Row. Here at the corner of the so-called "Cannon" Alle\', the .1 THE CHURCHES J07 beautiful semicircular portico of the north transept is surmounted by the noble dome, the picture beins^' framed b)' the not altot;ether ugly houses on either hand. I allow that the \ie\\' of the interior from the western door disappointed me at first. Perhaps the magnifi- cence of the exterior led me to expect too much. I can quite understand that Wren's original design, in wliich a lower dome at this west end was to lead up to the greater one, would ha\'e given a more pleasing interior eftect, but the exterior would perhaps have suffered. Any disappointment one may feel on entering is, however, ST. STErilEN S, WALIiKOOK, FROM CllURCIIY.MiD POOK.SELLER'S U.NDER ST. STEI'IIE.N S, WAI.BROOK 208 THE CHURCHES speedily dispelled, and even the coldness of the gray walls does not strike one as much as it might when the stained glass, the dark oak car\'ing, and the new and gorgeous reredos are seen. I cannot admire the two or three mosaics which have been placed round the dome, and \\hich seem to me to make some attempt to dwarf the proportions of the building, like the very unfortunate angels which so entirely ruin the effect of St. Peter's >^W-\Ju^-oW7 ^^ Rome. Wren avoided such mis- takes with his usual caution and unerring taste. The incon- gruous pulpit under the dome also jars on the sight, but as it is only unsuitable and not in itself bad, its incongruity may be pardoned. The new reredos is an- other feature I can hardly imagine Wren would have sanctioned. Still it is handsome in itself, and goes far to in- crease the sense o{ vastness with wliicli the wliolc cliurch impresses the \isitor. ST. MICHAELS CMUKOIl, ( DKMIll.I. o Q THE CHURCHES 21 I I haxe nc\'cr heard adccjualc praise bestowed on the llower wreaths in carved stone which so greatly adorn the spandrels of the \auiting. Their cxtraordinar\- \ariet)' is onl)' one of their many claims on our admiration. The completeness of St. Paul's places it at the head of I£ng"lish cathedrals. In this respect only Salisbury can compete with it ; but, much as one must admire Salisbury, it is wanting' in the dignit\- which characterises St. Paul's. Wren never for a moment seems to have for- gotten, in the presence of the enor- mous mass of his design, the min- utely subtle proportion \\hich marks his smallest work ; and, on the other hand, he did not fall into the error of thinking that the proportions of a great building and of a small one can be the same. We ma)- be sure that if he had built St. Paul's on the plan of St. Stephen's, W^al - brook, the propor- tions would have been very different. CITY LlBIiKAL CLUB, W.M.liKouK ST. MARY'S CUUKCII, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET ''12 THE CHURCHES When a modern architect would design, say, a portico in a (Grecian st\le, he is disappointed to find that the most servile imitation of the Parthent)n or a temple at Paestum will not produce the desired effect if it is applied to a building" of double the size. Hence many of the failures among our public buildings. St. Stephen's, W'albrook, ought to be looked upon as a national monument. It has fallen into bad hands and has been more ruthlessly pulled about than an)- other of Wren's churches, except, of course, those which have been utterly destroyed. Prior to experience, it might be thought that no modern architect would dare to lay hands on WVen's masterpiece, as man) of the best architectural critics consider St. Stephen's ; yet within the past few years everything short of actually pulling it down has been tried in this church to obliterate the marks of Wren's hand, and to rasp down all the features he had thought out so carefully into a dull KING b m;nlii w.m.k Cll UlU'll I'.S 213 emptiness aiul unifoniiily. Tlic perpetrators of the last \amlalisin are not to be reached by the hatred and scorn of the cixihsed worltl ; but it seems as if something must be very wroni;- in the government of the o citv if there is no means of calHnt; them to account and of forcini^' them to replace what they have so brutally de- stroyed. Another of Wren's best effects has also lately perished. The tower of St. An- tholin's, Watling Street, was unique; and, besides, it formed part of a composition of great i m portance to any one who would make an estimate of Wren's place as an artist. Contrasted with the square tower of St. Mary Aldermary, it enabled us to judge as to the comparati\e merits of square towers and tapering spires, and also as to the merits of Gothic and classical architecture. In it Wren showed us how, with '•^>'- r'' MlUUl.li TEMPLE HALL 214 THE CHURCHES FOUNTAIN COURT, TliMIM.E Italian details and that marvellous sense of proportion to be seen in all his work, the best points of Gothic architecture could be adapted. The result, whether in itself or in contrast, was most satisfactory, and was greatly enhanced by the opening of the wide street between the two churches. I shall not soon forget my distress when, after a long absence abroad, I went once more to enjoy the view, and found to my horror that St. Antholin's had utterly disappeared. On the whole, this is the greatest \andalism perpetrated in our time. We abuse the architects of the past for destroying the l)ell tower at Salisbur)', but that was a meritorious action compared \vith the remo\al of St. y\ntht)lin's ; and I have l)ccn assured on tlie liiglicst aulhorit}- that the destruction was carried out in spite not oiil\' of the protests, but e\cn the Till': CHURfllKS !17 entreaties, of the rulers of the eitw I need not speak here of St. Mar\- le IJow, or of the tower of St. Mas^iuis, or of the countless charms to he founel in e\"er\- one of W^ren's buiklins^s, i^reat or small, but conclude a K)n*^" chapter by exhorting" every visitor not to neglect the xiew alonu" Newtjate Street, where he can tjet three of the best steeples almost into a line. :^..>; ■%- WlNCllESTICli MOL'SIC, 01.1) llIiDAl) STliKKT 2 F SITE Ol' TEMPLE BAK l-LEET .siKICIvr, '^llnwiNi; im; LAW CUURTS GKAY S INN SOl'AKK CHAPTER \ I THE CITY AS IT IS Temple Bar — Pickett's Field — The Lawyers' Haunts — The Temple — Inns of Chancery — Lincoln's Inn — The Rolls — Fleet Street — AVliitefriars — Literary Associations — St. Bride's — Bridewell — Tlie Fleet — Queen Victoria Street — Baynard's Castle — Times Office — Bible Society — St. Benet, Paul's Wharf — Heralds' College — Mansion-House — Cornhill — Leadcnhall Street — Fenchurch Avenue — Billiter Square — New Zealand Chambers — Aldgate — Holy Trinity Churcii — St. Saviour's, South- wark — London Bridge — The Monument — Oracechurch Street — Crosby Hall — Sir Paul Pindar — City Architecture. Thi-: chanL;es wliicli London has undcn^onc in the past twcnts' or thirty years are so great that I can quite imagine a visitor formerly familiar \\ith tlie old streets unable now to find his way from Temple Bar to the Tower. The very first thing to meet his eyes would be THE CITY AS IT IS 1^^' the huge mass of the Law Courts, where formerly was a rookery of dilapidated, if picturesque, houses. Then where is Temple Bar? Where is the dingy front of Child's Bank \\ith its curious little room over the arch ? Where, on the opposite side, are the familiar oyster shop and the old Cock ? All are gone, and we might be better resigned to their loss if we could persuade ourselves that the region still vaguely denominated Temple Bar had been improved in the process of alteration. I have not heard an}' adecpiate reason advanced for the remoxal of the old archway. Some people said it obstructed the highway ; to which the obvious answer was, " Make the street wider and leave Temple Bar in the middle." That is what they have done in Paris. If the road was ob- structed, why was that funny Dragon set up? It will be well, however, in passing, to assert once more tliat Temple Bar was not a city gate. I regret its remo\al, because it was extremely beautiful in itself, and because it had many in- terestinu' associations. There has been a kind of crusade against Wren's works of late )ears ; antl Tcni])le ])ar was doomed from the first. The age tliat spared not the College of Ph\sicians was not likely to respect Temple Bar, e\en if it had l)een what it was not, a city gate. As there was no boundar\' wall or fence between llie \\ai"d Ol.n HOUSES IN TOOK'S COURT, CHANCERY LANE '4^- UIIDKWAY IN TODK's COl'RT, CIIANf Km I.AM. 'nil-, CITY AS IT IS of Farring-don Witlioul ami the Mi\KlIcsc\ iiarish of Si. Clement Danes, there could not l)e any gate. The gates of London were in the walls, and the walls were far in the rear of such outer bulwarks as the liars at the Temple, or in Holborn, or at liishopsgate Without. Temple l)ar, as we knew it, was a triumphal arch, erected in 1670, to supersede a kind of wooden toll-gate \\hich had mai-ked the cit\- bound- ary. The grounil outside, though in Middlesex, was rented b\- the city from the Crown, together with a forge ; and as the ground, known as Pickett's Field, A\as used by the Templars (ov tilting, we may suppose the forge was an armourer's workshop. In \\^at Tyler's rebellions the mob which poured through the Bars burnt the forge, the very site of which is now un- certain, but the city still pays annually six horse- shoes and sixty-one nails, the ancient rent. The New Law Courts may be taken as standing on Fickett's Field, and also across the boundary between city and county. Among the thirty- three streets pulled down to clear the site was Searle's Place, which was long know^n as Shire Lane, and, as Stow observed, divided "the cittie from the ENTRANCE TO MIDDLE TEMPLE L.VXE 224 THE CITY AS IT IS •^>-i GATE IN UKAY S INN GARDENS shire." Middlesex has now retired to the north, and the cit)' and shire are both called London under recent legis- lation. To cret into the city from the westward, whether we go by way of Fleet Street or through Holborn, we must cross the zone of the lawyers, (iray's Inn is outside the city limits, but contains so many pictures! [ue corners and garden \ie\vs that we are tempted to include some of them. There is a great deal that is picturesque about the Temple, in spite of the Ijarbarities it has undergone in recent years. 1 cannot conceive anything more entirely contrary to all the prin- ciples of beauty in architectural art than the new buildings at the foot of Middle Temple Lane. I have had occasion to say several times over that ornament, however lavish, will nt)t make an ugly l)uilding pretty. The rule is admirably illustrated by this example. There are, however, better things than this in both the Temples. The hall doors in King's Bench \\'alk, the Middle Temple llall. Dean IJOUKUAV IN kino's l.ENCIl VVAl.U FLEKT STREET, SHOWING ST. PAUL'S 2 G THK CITY AS IT IS Vaughan's house, a very good example of Wren's domestic style, and one or two of tlie older blocks of buildings may be admired. I cannot say any- thing for the Hall and Library of the Inner Temple, \\hich are in a poor style of modern mock-Gothic, nor can I praise the heavy mass of the Middle Temple Library, which forms such an eyesore in the view from the Thames Lmbankment. There is very little also to be said about the chapel. It was so ruthlessly restored by Smirke in 1827, that it is difficult to lind any ancient features. The monuments have been removed from the walls and are not now to be seen, but I believe some of them are preserved in a kind of vestry under the organ bellows, and some in the triforium. A small portion of the old burial-ground is on the north side, and among the stones is one which bears the name of Oliver Goldsmith, but the exact place of his burial is unknown. The Fountain Court is famous, and is mentioned and described by Dickens in Martin Cliuzzlewit. On the same side of Fleet Street as the Temple is Serjeants' Inn, a new square of singular ugliness, but ' ^ ~ ""^^ SUNDIAL IN FOUNTAIN COURT, TEMPLE -'-n^ SERJEANTS INN 228 THE CITY AS IT IS an older Serjeants' Inn is on the north side of the street behind St. Dunstan's Church. The last Serjeants sold their inns when the "order of the coif" was abolished a few years ago. A similar fate has befallen the Inns of Chancery, of which at one time we might have reckoned up more than half a dozen — Lyon's, Clement's, New, Clifford's, Staple, Barnard's, and Furnival's. There are some remains of all these except Lyon's Inn to be seen, but we feel that their continued existence is unlikely. The Inns of Chancery were looked upon as the poor relations of the Inns of Court, these latter being Gray's, w^hich lies outside the city boundary, on the north side of Holborn ; Lincoln's, and the two Temples. Of Lincoln's Inn there are no ancient remains except the gateway in Chancery Lane, which has been so often condemned that it seems to have a charmed ' life. The famous Ben Jon- son is said to have worked as a bricklayer at the build- ing of this court. The chapel was by Inigo Jones, I)ut the Society was so ill ach'ised as to hand it over to the tender mercies of an amateur for improvement, and he s])eedily improved awa)- the more dis- tinctive traces of Initjo w hich time had s})ared. The Hall is now the most satisfactory pai'l of Lincoln's Inn. It was designed by Ilardwick, and was built in 1843 in a surprisingly good style of Tin; TliMI'I,li CHUKCH THl'-. CITY AS IT IS 229 THE TEMPLE CHL-RCH Gothic. The red and black brick looks exceedingly well contrasted with the green of the gardens and of Lincoln's Inn Fields beyond. Some relics of old architecture may be found in Took's Court, Chancery Lane. Returning to Fleet Street, we must not neglect the Rolls, with a curious and by no means beautiful chapel in \\hich are to be found some grand old monuments, including one in terra cotta jjy Torregiano, to the memory of John Young, a remarkable man in the early part of the reign of Henry \TIL He was consecrated Bishop of Gailipoli, /// partibus iiijideliuiii, and acted as suffragan to the Bishop of London. He was also an eminent lawyer, became Master of the Rolls in 1508, and was continued in office by Henry VHI until 1517. He died in 1526. This chapel is in the list of the city churches condemned to destruction. Originally, the Rolls house was a foundation made b\' Henr\' HI for 230 THE CITY AS IT IS i-^?H.iiiiJlf°^ 2p45- LNNEU n.Mn.l. 1L\I 1. a: 22 o a a THE CITY AS IT IS STANDARD UHlCliS fs 1^'%'^ f: lit lixiii!^ here l)Ct\\cen 1617 and 1641. The church of St. l!cnct, I'aul\ Wharf, lias l)ccii handed oxer to a Welsh con- j^ree^^ation. It is e\treniel\- ])ictures(|uc with its red brick and hea\ \ roof. Here some of tile old kin^s of arms from the Heralds' College o\er the way were buried, and Inig'o Jones, the great architect, lies among them. The College is in a plain l)ut pleas- ing " Oueen Anne" style, ami was re- built after llAll.V I i:i.ia,UAl'll OFFlCliS the Great I'ire on the site of Derby House, the residence of the Lady Mar- garet, the mother of Henry \'H. I'rom this i)oint (jueen \'ict(jria Street con- sists wholl)' of new buildings, with the exception of the Church of St. .Mar\- Aklermarv, of which I ha\e spoken in SPORTSMAN OFFICES 254 TIIK CITY AS IT IS another cha|)tcr. The architecture of all these new huiKlings is by no means such as we shall wish our posterity to point to as that of * I' '■■'■ ""O -ii ' ^■^' :t •'^>-^^--''W, if '-^ ■ ■'■Li ii i\i uc;ii solAul-. the \ u lorian Ai^e, l)Ul tin louse of the Safe Deposit Conip.uiy has some redeeuiini;- features. We now fmd oursehes close to the roultr)- end of ( hcapside, and to the Mansion lloust'. ( )pposite is Sii- William O c 7. O a 7. O o 7. TITK (ITV AS IT IS 257 Tite's splendid Royal l':.\chan-;c, the l)()rlia) of wliich would be an orna- HKiU lo any city. Of the Bank of F.ni^^land on the left, and of Lonihartl Street on the ri,L;ht, I ha\-e already spoken, as well as of the two churches in Cornhill and the two in Leadeidiall Street. Behind the liank in d'okenhou.se \'ard is the Mart, where landed and other estates are sold by auction. Some fine new buildings are on the site of the old Jiast India Office, though the front in the street is heavy and poor; hut in Fenchurch Avenue Johnson's col'KT, gough SQUAkL: observe No. 5 (Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co.), a good design by Mr. J. J. Stevenson, and farther on a costly granite front, Billiter Square Buildings, which only wants good proportions to be one of the most splendid fronts in London. Polished granite in tier after tier of columns and windo^v•s ought to look fine, but the eftect is singularly 1ft unsatisfactory. The best front in Cornhill is probably that of No. 28, the office of the Scottish Widows' Fund. In Leadenhall Street several examples of ornament at- 2 L JOHNSON s COLK 1 , GOLGH SQUARE THE CITY AS IT IS iiit^ ^^'■- NO. 28 CUK.NllILl. as New Zealand Chambers, is one of Mr. Norman Shaw s few city works, and deserves all the praise that has been la\ishcd upon it. We soon reach Aldgate, and perhaps there is no part of the cit)' on which time has laid so hea\\' a hanil. The I'riorx- has ah- solutely disappeared, though down to a late j)eriod vaults and other remains were dis- tempting in vain to redeem a poor design, may be seen ; but the short street called after W'hittington, which leads into the Market, contains at least one fair front. The offices of the " P. & O.," the pioneer of all the eastward-sailing mail lines, are in Leadenhall Street, but cannot be admired by any one with an eye for correct archi- tecture. They are, however, imposing and convenient. The large house on the south side of Leadenhall Street, known TlMKb UI-l'lCL. ,-- . At* JIM O on u o x. o o I y o Q 5 ?; o o y. o TII]^ CITY AS IT IS 261 AUCTION MAKT, 'I OKl-.NHOUSE YAKD covered from time to time. Duke's Place marks that part of the site on which the Prior's house stood when it was inhabited bv the Duke 'J0g,jv.a. PRINTING TIIK TIMES NF.WM'ArEK 262 THE CITY AS IT IS of Norfolk. This is now the Jewry of modern London, and the headquarters of the fruit trade. \\c need not tjo mueh farther eastward in this direc- tion. A curious old church, Holy Trinity, Minories, was ])uilt in 1706. It long claimed to represent the church of the Priory, and to ha\'e in conse- quence certain prixileges, as well as to be without the city ST. DENKT'S CHURCH, PAUI.'S WHAUl^ jurisdiction. Strange to say, Cunning- ham, generally so careful, was dcceixed by these claims, not reflecting that the cliureli of the Pi-iory must ha\'e been within the walls, and close to that of St. Katherine Cree. This may repre- sent, however, the chapel of the Poor Clares, whose common name of Minor- esses is commemorated in that of the street. There are some good monu- NO. 5 FENCHURCH AVICM-'E, MESSRS. ANDERSON, ANDERSON, AND ro.'s OFFICES (orient line of KOYAI, MAIL STEAMERS) V .3? . '■ f a a: O l- u a: 2: o f- (/; w a. D O X y. c >5 TITF. CrrV AS IT IS 2G5 nients within. A icw steps hirthcr and \\c arc on Tower Hill. Another interesting.;' walk through the cit_\' may be bei;un at the church of St. Sa\-iour in Southwark. The church has been terribly mauled b}' restorers and its na\e I'ebuilt in the mock-(iothic of fifty years ag"o, while the roadway to London bridge lies over the site of one of the eastern chapels. Still a \isit to the interior is full of interest, and man\" of the monuments, especially that of C.ower, are worth seeing. A move- ment is on foot for the re- restoration of the nave. It will be remembered that the Roman Bridge stood some way to the eastward, where the Thames is most narrow. In fact, from St. Olave's Church in Tooley Street to Botolph's Wharf on the north side, the distance is less than between the banks at any other point up the river till we get beyond Chelsea. This was the spot naturally chosen for the bridge by the Romans, but no particulars have come down to us as to its form or appearance. We may assume that it consisted of a series of cppkr TnAMF,.s stkeet 2 M 166 THE CITY AS IT IS heavy piers supportini;- a timber footway. If this was the bridge that kept Cnut at bay, it must have been strongly fortified, but how we can onK conjecture. In fact, all we know is that it must ha\e been included in King Alfred's scheme of repair in 886, and it certainly was in existence in the reign of Alfred's descendant, Eadgar, less than a huntlred )ears later, because it is mentioned in a contemporary chronicle as the place of execution of an unhapp)- woman accused of witchcraft. This bridge subsisted till the luiddle of the twelfth century, w lien it had become dilapidated and unfit for traffic. Peter, the curate of St. Mary Colechurch in Cheap, who was the great engineer of the day, repaired or rebuilt it in 1163 of elm \\()()d, Jjut e\identl\ looked upon this as merely a temporary structure, and soon set about the work of an entirely new bridge a few yards higher up the stream. This in the couNCll. cilAMiti:i! or Triic fOM.icGK 111 ,m;.\is y. I ■f. y. y. THE CITY AS IT IS 269 Middle Ages was the great i)riclc of the citizens. It was coxered with houses, as I liave ahvady said, and its vast height, its ga)- shops, the water-wheels, and the magnifi- cence of the chapel and of some other buildings, made "As fine as London Bridge " into a ])ro\erb. K\'erybody of an\- sensibility must have sym- pathised with Baldwin, the haberdasher, who could not sleep in the countr)' for \\ant of the noise of the rushing' waters to which he was accus- tomed on London Bridge, where he had been born and had lived for seventy years. In 1757, when wheeled vehicles became more and more com- mon and necessary, the houses were removed, and ^^ 100, 000 were spent on repairs and im- provements. Nevertheless, as time went on, the need of a wholly new bridge became apparent, if only on account of the obstruction to the river navigation made by the great piers and the numerous consequent accidents. In 1823 power was obtained from Parliament. The first pile of the present bridge, as designed by Rennie, was dri\en in March 1824, and the whole structure WATLING STREKT 270 THE CITY AS IT IS was completed in 1831. The ex- penses were about a million and a half, but two-thirds of that sum were spent on the approaches. A fine new street, named in honour i)f KiuL; William IV, who oj^enetl the new bridi^e among' the early acts of his short reiun, was con- structed to reach to the junction of Gracechurch Street and Cannon Street ; and the old route by Fish Street Hill and past the Monument was abandoned. It may be worth UKUCEb OF 1'EN1NM'I..\U .\.\U ORIKNT.M. STE.XM N.WIG.VTIUN CO. I.li.\UKMlALL STRlCl-rr while to mention here that about 120,000 \ chicles cross the bridge in a week ; but it is hoped that the new- rower I)i-idge, now in process of construction, may ha\'e a powerful effect in tliminishing the traflic. The Monument Station of the undergiMund railway is not far from Wren's handsome pillar, and, indeed, the I'ailway itself is too near it, and, no doubt, causes the \iI)i'ation which a year or two ago brought down •Si'- jKKU.->ALt;M cn.\Mni;i!•►.■-;:' *«. r*^ -"^ 'W- o f the new houses would be THE Ol.U GRASSlIOri'ER CHOP-HOUSE IN GRACECHURCH STREET architecture to be seen anywhere. Some a disgrace to anv citv. The desiQ;ns of costly structures, covered ^\ ith coloured marbles and polished granite, are often unworthy of agin palace. The great Gothic revival is chiefly to blame for this melan- choly state of things. Archi - tccts know no- MONUMENT VARD, CARRYING FRUIT 28o THE CITY AS IT IS thing and care less about proportion, and think they have done something fine when they have imported a design bodily from abroad, as, for instance, in a new india-rubber ware- liouse in Cheapside, \vhicli looks as if it had stepped across from Bruges, or the front of a Venetian palazzo which faces the Bank of England in Lothbury. Everywhere money has been lavished, l^rains have been .^■i^.- SOUTH Al-'KICAN HOUSE, BISHOFSGATE STKIiEC HEAD OFFICES OF THE UNION STEAMSHIP CO., LIMITED spared. The maximum of ornament is associated with the minimum of design, and the chief modern buildings of the city are much more re- markable for their cost than for their beauty. This is but a melancholy conclusion to be forced u])on us ; but if any one doubts its correctness let him spend a few hours in examin- ing Kent's book on [nigo Jones or Campbell's Vilniviiis Britaiii/ir/is, and let him then ^-.«f^ I'AL'l, li.MiAK s I.N.N, HlMkil'SG.VTE STKEET THE CITY AS IT IS 281 take a turn in the citw It he finds a sins^le design less than thirt)- )ears old worthy of a place in the volumes I have named, he will have succeeded where, after diligent search and incjuir), I luue utterl)' failed. I have been able to mention with unc|ualified commendation but two or three l)uildings in all, and they belong to a modern style so unusual in cit\' architecture that the\' only ser\e to make the examples around them more distressing. .»- SHINE YER BOOTS 2 O •YJ^HtP f'Hr.. l!KOAI) MKI-iri' ELECTRIC RAILWAY STATION (CITV AND SUUTH LONDON), KING WILLIAM STREET INDEX Abolition of religious guilds, 141 Absence of offices corresponding with Roman affairs, g^ Ade the goldsmith, 153 Aelmund, 196 .-Jitbelred, loS Ailwin, Henry Fitz, 73, 153 Aldermen, the, 107 jurisdiction of, 108 Aklermanbury, 57, 112 Aldersgate, 62 Aldgate, 4, 8, 62, 121, 258 derivation of, 8 Alfred, 36, 44, 51, 107, 108, 135 Alfune, builder of St. Giles's, 195 All Hallows' Barking, 183, 204 Staining, 205 Alsatia, 234 Anderson, Anderson, and Co.'s [iremises, 257 Anhsende, Eadmer. 133 Archbishop of London, the first, 24 Architecture, Old, 175, 229 Early English, 175 Ecclesiastical, 175 Perpendicular, 175, 246 Stuart Gothic, i 76 Architecture of London banks, 169, 170 Arding, 233 Artists, resort of, 250 Athel Street, 5 7 Augusta, 32, 39, 43, 44 Aulus Plautius, 24, 31 Austin Friars, 80 Australia and London shipping trade, 149 Avenon, 'William, 204 Backwf.i.i. Hall, derivation of, 147 Backwell the banker, 162 Baldwin's extreme sensibility, 269 Baltic, the, 276 286 INDEX Bank of England, 165 Banking, increase in, 162 Banks of London, commencement of, 150 Banquets, famous, where held, 117 Barbican, 62 Bardi and Edward III, 157 Barentine the goldsmith, 153 Barings' Bank, i 7 1 Barnard's Inn, 228 Barnett's Bank, 165 Basing, 75 Battle between the tailors and goldsmiths, 137 Baynard's Castle, 76, 116, 249 Beda's emporium of many nations, 135 Beli, 20 Belinus, 20 " Bell-jetters," 69 Bible Society's premises, 249 Billingsgate, 4, 20, 40, 62, 69 of Saxon origin, 27 Billiter Square, 70 Buildings, 257 Bishopsgate, 39, 62, 69, 70, 118, 276 Bishop's ward, the, 108 Black Horse, the, 165 Blackfriars, 80, 250 Blomfield, Sir Arthur, 246 Boadicea, 31 Bolt Court, 234 Botolph Lane, 70 Bowes the goldsmith, 153 Brichmar, a inonetariiis, 150 Bridewell, 126 "Hospital," 238 Palace, 238, 241 Bridge Ward Without, 1 1 1 Bridgegate, 62, 66 British Museum, 36, 39 Brittaine, how so named, 16 Broadway, 76 Browne, A. E., 233 Brutus, 15, 27 Buckingham, Duke of, 115 Bunyan, John, 242 Burial-place of some of the kings of arms, 253 "Burillers," the, 141 Burrows, Professor, position of l.undcnwic, 13s Buttressing of the fifteenth century, 1 1 5 Campbell's Vilntviiis Britaiuiiius, 280 "Cannon" Alley, 206 " Cappers," the, 141 Carmelites' sanctuary, 234 Carter Lane, 76 Cassibelaunus, 20 Castle Baynard, 184 Cateaton Street, 144 Celtic Researches {Gmq^I's), 27 Chamberlain's Gate, 1 2 i Chamberlain and Mayor, separation of offices of, 104 Champneys, Basil, 126 Chancery Lane, 234 Chappell, J. T., 249 Charitable purposes of the companies, 142 Charles I, 116, 162 Charles II and the Exchequer, 162 Child the banker, 165 Child's Bank, 169 Chiltern Hills, 1 1 7 Churches — All Hallows Barking, 183, 204 Staining, 205 Holy Trinity, Minories, 262 Nicholas "Cole Abbey," 189 St. Andrew Hubbard, 183 St. Andrew Undershaft, 183, 199 St. Antholin's, Watling Street, 2 1 3 St. Bartholomew the Great, 190 St. Bartholomew the Less, 195 St. Benedict, 184 St. Benet, Paul's Wharf, 253 "Sherehog," 184 St. Christopher le Stocks, 185 St. Dionis " Backchurch," 185 St. Ethelburga, 197 St. Giles's, 195 St. Helen's, 19S St. John Zachary, 185 St. Katherine " Coleman," 185 "Cree," 185, 200, 262 St. Margaret Moses, 186 Pattens, 186 St. Martin " Orgar's," 1S6 "Outwich," 186 "Pomery," 186 St. i\Iary Abchurch, 180 Aldermanbury, iSo INUKX !87 Churches — St. Mary Aldermary, 17S, 213, 253 Bothaw, 179 Colechurch, 180 Mounthaw, i 7 9 Somerset, 179 Staining, iSo Woolchurch Haw, 1 7 9 Wolnotli, I So at Hill, iSo le Bow, 138, 180 St. Michael " le Querne," 186 "Paternoster Royal," 1S6 St. Nicholas "Aeons," 1S9 "Olave," 189 St. Olave's, Hart Street, 205 St. Osyth's, 185 St. Peter's, Bishopsgate, 276 St. Saviour's, Southwark, 265 St. Sepulchre's, 195 St. Stephen's, Walbrook, 2 1 1 Churches, one of the oldest, 195 strange names of, 177 City architecture, 276 eyesores, 241 gates, the oldest, 39, 118 wall, direction of, 245, 246 perfect remains of, 196 City of London School, 246 Civic offices, origin of, 94 Civitas Trinobantum, i 6 Clement's Inn, 228 Clerkenwell, 79 Clifford's Inn, 228 Cnut, 53, 58, 266 Coelgodebog, 20 Commercial enterprise, progress of, 149 Common Clerk, 107 Council, 93, 104 Hunt, 117 Serjeant, 107 Companies, when first chartered, 141 order of precedence, 142 "Compter," 126 Constantlne, 31 Constitution of first Common Council, 104 of London, esteem of, 89 Cornhill, the best front in, 257 Cornhill Magazine, 24 Corsiui, 1 54 Costume of 1266, 73 "Counter," 126 Cowford, 53 Cranmer, Archbishop, 1 1 6 Cripplegate, 8, 62 Crosby, 75 Crosby Hall, 75, 79, 276 " Crowder's Well," 1 96 "Crown," the, 165 Cunningham, 8, 262, 275 Curious complaints about Newgate, 122 entrance to St. Ethelburga's Church, 197 tales of early history of London, i 2 Daily Nehs Qi?ViCe.%, 233 Daily Telegraph offices, 233 Dance, George, 115, 117, 118 Danish remains, 52 Date of the present Guildhall, 1 1 2 Davis, M. D., and the Jews, 1 44 Davis and Emanuel, designers of City of London School, 246 EI.ECTKIC R.MI.WAY STATION (CITY .\ND SOUTH LONDON) KING W1LI.I.\M STREET 288 INDEX Deaths from the Plagues, 85, 196 Debtors' " compter," 1 2 7 Denton's explanation of Cripplegate, 1 1 Destruction of Wren's best works, 212, 213 Dickens and Fountain Court, 227 Dimsdale and Fowler's Bank, 172 Domesday Book, 121, 150, 1S3 Domestic Life in 1266, 73, 74 in 1466, 75 Dominican Friars, 246, 249 Dowgate, 40, 62 Dudley, Lord Guildford, 1 1 6 Duke's Place, Aldgate, 261 Duncombe and Kent, 161 Eadmer Anh.ende, 133 Eadric, 134 Early English architecture, 175 London, epitome of, 3 1 Eastcheap, 69 " Easterlings," 135 Ecclesiastical architecture, styles of, 175 Edward I, 104, 153, 154, 158 n, 157 in, 141, 157 IV, 74, 7C, 149. 157. 161 VI, 241 Edward the Confessor, 150, 192 Egyptian Hall, the, 1 1 7 Elbe, traffic with the, 135 Election of the Lord Mayor, 90 Eminent goldsmiths, 153, 154 Emperor Charles V and Henry YIII, 241 Emporium of many nations, 135 English bankers, rise of, 157 Errors of modern London historians, 43 Exchange, first existence of, 158 Exchequer, closing of the, 162 "Execution Monday," 125 Expulsion of the Jews, 143, 154 Failures in construction of public buihhngs, reason of, 212 Farringdon the goldsmith, 153 Fenchurch, 69 Fenchurch Avenue, 257 l'"etter Lane, 230 Fickclt's Field, 223 Fire, the Great, of ir)66, 80 Fires, 53 First archbishop of London, 24 builders with stone, 147 charters, to whom given, 141 exchange, 158 mayor of London, 73, 153 mention of Mayor, 100 recorder, 104 Fish Market, 61 Fitz Stephen's account of London, 6 1 Flael, Ralph, 153 Fleet, the, 54, 191, 233 meaning of, 230 Fleet Bridge, construction of, 245 prison, 241 river, 241, 242 Street, 233, 238 Flower wreaths in St. Paul's, 211 Foley's sculpture in the Egyptian Hall, \ i 7 Foreigners, treatment of, 136 Founder of present London, 36 Fountain Court, 227 Frescobaldi of Florence, 154 Furnival's Inn, 228 Gallipoli, Bishop of, 229 Gates, mentioned by Fitz Stephen, 62 position of, 39 specially guarded, 62 Geoffrey of Monmouth, 11, 16, 28 George II, 82 Gibbons, Grinling, 205 Giltspur Street, 127 Giraldus Cambrensis, 1 1 2 Golden Bottle, the, 165 Goldsmith, Oliver, 227, 237 Goldsmiths' Hall, builder of the old, 153 headquarters, 150 Row, 138 Goldsmiths, eminent, 153, 154 Golilsmiths and tailors, battle between, 137 Gondomar, the Spanish ambassador, i 1 6 "Good King Cole," 20 Gordon, Lord George, 1 2 6 Gordon rioters and Newgate prison, 125 Gosling's Bank, i 70 Gothic architecture, 176, 205, 228, 279 " restoration," 206 Gough Square, 233 INDEX 289 Gower's monument, 265 Gracechurch Street, 69, 276 " Grasshopper," the, 161, 276 Gray's Inn, 224, 228 Gresham's reforms and improvements, 158, 161 Greshams, rise of the, 157 Greyfriars, 66, So Grocers' Hall, 165 Guest, Dr., 4 Guest's Celtic Researches, 2 7 Guildhall, the, 75, 112 officials of, 90, 93 Guildhall Museum, 36 Guilds, anachronism of, 141 trade, 13S Gundulph, Bishop of Rochester, 133 Guthorm, 52 Gutter Lane, origin of, 52 Harhours of Refuge, 132 Hardwick's design for Lincoln's Inn Hall, 228 Harry's (G. O.) early London, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23> 24 Hartpole, Geoffrey, 104 Hawkins (Rev. E. C.) and St. Bride's Church, 237 Hecker's cause of Black Death, So Helena, 4, 29 Henry I, 100 II, 100, 103, 137 III, 65, 137, 141, 153, 229 IV, 112 V, 157 VII, 157, '58 VIII, 229, 238, 241 Heralds' College, 253 Heynouse gaol, 122 Higden, 28 Hlothsre, 134, 135 Hoare's Bank, 165, 170 Holbein, Hans, 203 Holborn, 230 Holborn Bars, 76 Holborn Viaduct, 242 Holinshed's Chroiiicle, 28 Hollar's prints and views, 81 Holy Trinity Church, Aldgate, 81 Minories, 262 Houses, number of, in 16S2, 86 Howard's exertions in aid of Newgate, 125 Howell's estimate of the population of London, 85 Huggin Lane, 148 Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, 249 Impressions on the rebuilding of London, 279 India, first trading with, 15S Inigo Jones, 176, 195, 203, 228, 253, 280 Inner Temple, 227 Inns, sale of, by the Serjeants, 228 Inns of Chancery, 228 Inns of Court, 228 Italian bankers, 154 Izaak Walton, 234 Jacobs (Joseph) and the Jews, 144, 147, 148 James I, 116, 142 Jane Shore, 1 6 1 Jansen, Cornelius, 250 Jarman, 115 Jewell, Bishop, 237 Jewin Street, 148 Jewry, 143, 144 Jewry of modern London, 262 Jews' chief synagogues, 144, 147 Jews, expulsion of, 143, 154 treatment of the, 143 Johnson (Dr.), residence of, 233 Johnson's Court, 233, 234 Jones, Sir Horace, 115 Jonson (Ben) and Lincoln's Inn, 228 Julius Caesar, 4, 16 Jurisdiction of alderman, 108 of Thames Conservancy, 133 Juvenal, Thomas, 107 Kaswalhawn, 20 Kent's Inigo Jones, 280 Kilwardby, Robert, 197 King Belin, 4, 19 Bledhud, 16, 19 Lear, 19 Lucius, 4 Lud, 4, II, 27 William IV Street, 270 Kings' Bank, 172 King's Bench Walk, 224 "King's Exchanger," the, 158 2 V 290 INDEX Kingmaker's palace, site of, 79 Kings of arms, burial-place of, 253 Knights Templars, 66 Kunedha, 19 Lade Lane, 144 Lamb, the charlatan doctor, 116 Larke, John, 198 Laud, Archbishop, 200, 203, 205 Lawrence Lane, 144 Lawyers' zone, 224 Leadenhall, 70 Leadenhall Market, 69, 115 Street, 257 Lead-workers, 70 "Legal memory," 133 Lincoln's Inn, 228 Lintot's residence, 233 Livery, the, 93, 108 duties of the, 1 1 1 Loans to be obtained within the kingdom, 15S Locke's, John, residence, 237 Lombard Street, 154 London, appearance of, in remote times, 53 changes in, 221 domestic life in 1266, 73 early growth of, 5 i first Mayor of, 73, 153 Fitz Stephen's account of, 61 'S^^ London, founder of, 36 gates of, 223 high estimate of its constitution, 89 in I 266, 65 in 1466, 74 mercantile importance of, 35 population of, 85, 86 reason of its early importance, 132 the head of the city government, 90 the port of, in 665, 134 the wealthiest nunnery in, 199 wealth, increase of, 157 London banks, architecture of, 169, 170 commencement of, 150 London Bridge roadway, 265 building of, 266, 269 removal of houses from, 82 London commerce, date of commencement of supremacy of, 148 historians, errors of, 43 history, curious facts of, 3, i 2 hustings, 52 School, 246 Shipping trade, impetus to, 149 "Stone," 31, 57 London's power in controlling the affairs of the country, 90 Lord ^L^yor, the, 90 mode of election of the, 90 position and title, t i i residence of the, 90 salary of the, i r 7 and his officials, 90, 93 Lothbury, origin of, 52 Ludgate, 4, 11, 27, 62, 122 derivation of, 1 1 opening of, 245 Ludgate Circus, 238 Hill, 245 Prison, i 22 Lundenwic, 134, 135 Lyon's Lin, 228 Mansion House, 254 Iniildcr of, 118 buiUling of the, 116 AFartbi Chuzzk^uit, 227 Martin and Co., 161 Mayor, office of, 100 ' I'ICK WilKRE YOU MKK, MISSIS ! ' INDEX 291 Mayor and chamljcrlain, separation of offices of, 104 as chamberlain, 100, 104 Mercantile importance of London, 35 Mercers' arcade, 13S company, incorporation of, 142 Metal-workers' factories, 70 Metropolis of the East Saxons, 32 Middle Temple Hall, 224 Library, 227 Milman (Dean) and St. Paul's, 7 Milton, John, residence of, 238 tomb of, 196 Minoresses, 262 Modern theories of early London, 27 Monument, erection of the, 273, 274 original design for the, 273 Monument Station, 270 Moorgate Street, 276 Mosaic pavements, 36 Mowlem and Co., 246 Myddleton, Sir Hugh, 81, 82 "Newe Trov," 19 New Inn, 228 New Law Courts, 223 New River, the, 81 New Weir, 133 New Zealand Chambers, 258 Newgate, 39, 59, 62, 118 Newgate Prison, 118, 122 burning of, 125 curious complaints about, 122 when built, 122 wretched state of, 125 Newgate Street, view along, 2 i 7 Newport, the, 122 Nicholas "Cole Abbey," 189 Nore, the, first mention of, 133 Norman architecture, 175, 204 Conquest, 108 Number of vehicles crossing London Bridge, 270 Nunnery, the wealthiest, 199 Officials of the Guildhall, 90 Old Bailey, 125, 245 City wall, perfect remains of, 196 Fish Street, 61 Old Jewry, i 47 "Old Lady of Threadneedle Street," 165 Oliver, Isaac, 250 Origin of Billingsgate, 27 of civic offices, 94 Otto, 150 Paternoster Row, 206 Peninsular and Oriental Company's offices, 258 Pepys, 81 Pepys' burial-place, 205 Perpendicular styles of architecture, 175, 246 Peruzzi, the, and Edward III, 157 Peter of Cole Church, 66 the curate and engineer, 266 Petty's estimate of number of houses in 1682, 86 Philpot Lane, 70 Pickering's (Sir William) " Hearse," 198 Plague, cause of the, 80, 81 deaths from, 85, 196 Playhouse Yard, 250 Poor Clares, chapel of, 262 Pope's agent, the, 154 Population of London, 85, 86 "Porta Pontis," 62 "Portreeve," 97 Portreeve, duties of, 98, 99 Position and title of the Lord Mayor, 1 1 1 Poter, Walter le, 70 Poultry, the, 127, 254 Pountney, 75 Price's History of the Guildhall, 98 London Bmtkers, 153, 165 Prince of Orange, 1 1 6 Privilege granted by Henry I, 1 1 7 Progress of commercial enterprise, 149 Punch office, 237 Queen Elizabeth, 80, 107, 148, 158 Queen Victoria Street, 249, 253 Racjan, 19 Rahere and St. Bartholomew's, 192, 196 Ralph of Coggeshale and the Jews, 147 Reason for acceptance of early London legends, 28 Recorder, the first, 104 Regalia in the Tower, maker of, 162 29; INDEX Religious guilds, aholitiun of, 141 Remembrancer, the, 107 Rennie's London Bridge, 269 Rent of Pickett's Field, 223 Residence of the Lord ^L'lyor, 90 Richard I, 100, 103, 133 II, 142, 191 III, 161 Richard of Gloucester, 115, 116 Richardson the novelist, 237 Rokesley the goldsmith, 153 Rolls, the, 229 Rolls house, foundation of, 229 Roman Bridge, 265 fort, 24 gate of Lincoln, i 22 London, 31, 40, 93 municipality, doubts of, 44 theory of civic affairs disproved, 97 Romeland, 58 Rovvlandson's Newgate Prison, 126 Royal Exchange, the, 158, 257 Mail Steam Packet Company's offices, 279 " Running cashes," keepers of, 154 St. Andrew Hubbard, 183 Undershaft, 183, 199 St. Andrew's, 54 St. Antholin's, Watling Street, 2 1 3 St. Bartholomew the Great, 190 the Less, 195 St. Benedict, 184 St. Benet " Sherchog," 184 Paul's Wharf, 253 St. Bride's Church, 126, 237 Street, 233 St. Christopher Ic Stocks, 185 removal of, 169 St. Dionis " Backchurch," 185 St. ]'",thelburga, 197 Si. Giles's, 195, 196 St. Helen's, 81, 198 Nunnery, 70 St. James's Gazette office, 234 St. John Zachary, 185 St. Katherine "Coleman," 1S5 " Cree," 185, 200, 262 St. Margaret Moses, 186 Pattens, 186 St. Martin "Orgar's," 1S6 "Outwich," 186 " Pomery," 186 St. Martin's le Grand, 54 St. Mary Abchurch, 180 Aldermanbury, iSo Aldermary, 178, 213, 253 Axe, 197 Bothaw, 179 Colechurch, i So Mounthaw, 179 Overy, 65 Somerset, 179 Staining, 180 Wolnoth, 180 Woolchurch Haw, 179 at Hill, I 80 le Bow, 138, 180 St. Michael "le Querne," 186 Paternoster Royal, 186 St. Nicholas "Aeons," 189 "Olave," 189 St. Olave's, Hart Street, 205 St. Osyth's, 185 St. Paul's, 54, 65, 75, 81 compared with Salisbury Cathedral, 211 St. Paul's, best views of, 206 St. Peter " le Poor," 189 St. Peter's, Bishopsgate, 276 Cornhill, 4 St. Saviour's, Southwark, 265 St. Sepulchre's, 195 St. Stephen's, 'Walbrook, 2 1 1 St. Thomas of Canterbury, 66 Safe Deposit Co., 254 Salary of the Lord Mayor, i i 7 Salisbury Cathedral and St. Paul's, comparison of, 211 Salisbury Court, 234, 237 Sampson the architect, 166 Sandwich, 1 34 Saxon Chronicle, io8 Saxons, metropolis of, 32 Scandinavian remains, 52 Scottish Widows' Fund Office, 257 Searle's Place, 223 Serjeants' Inn, 227 Shakespeare, 28, 115, 250 INDEX 293 Shaw, Norman, 172, 258 Sheichog, rebuildcr of St. Bcntl's cluircli, 184 Shoe Lane, 57, 230 Show-well Lane, 57, 230 Sion College, 246 Sir I'aul Pindar's house, 276 Size Lane, 184 Slaves as merchandise, prohibition of, 135 Smirke's restoration of Middle Temple Chapel 227 Smithfield, 190, 191 Soane, Sir John, 166 Southwark, 1 1 1 Southwark Bridge, 6r Spanish Armada, 149 Spenser, 28 Spi»-f small offices, 233 Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, 115 Staining Lane, 1S3 S/aiiJard offices, 233 Stane Gate, 53 Staple Inn, 228 Steelyard, the, 148, 158, 161 Stepney, 79 Sterling, origin of the word, 135 Stevenson, J. J., 257 Stocks Market, removal of, 242, 245 Stone, first builders with, 147 Stonor, 135 Stour, the, 134 Stow, 8, II, 35, 40, 80, Si, 177, 179, 199, 2: 241 Stow's (John) monument, 199 Stuart Gothic architecture, 176 Stukeley, 8 Suetonius, 3 1 Surgeons' Hall, 125 Tailors and goldsmitlis, battle between, 137 Taylor, Sir Robert, 166 Taylor's buildings, i56 Temple, the, 224 Temple Bar, 76, 222, 223 Teodric, 150 Tliackeray's Roundabout J'apcrs, 23 Thames, the, importance of, 132 Conservancy, 133, 150 Embankment, advantages from, 246 eyesore to, 227 Thames, narrowest part of the, 265 Theanus, 24 Theodosius, 32 Threadneedle Street, 165, 166, 276 Three Needles, The, 166 Times office, 249, 250 Titc's Royal Exchange, 257 Tokenhouse Yard, 257 Took's Court, Chancery Lane, 229 Torregiano's monument to John Young, Tothiil, S3 Tower, the, 36, 65 Regalia in, 1 6 2 Tower Hill, 265 Trade guilds, 138 Traffic with the Elbe, 135 Treatment of foreigners, 136 "Trial Friday," 125 Troy Newydh, 1 6 Troy novant, 4, 15 Tyburn, 53 Vandalism, 213, 214 Vandyck, Anthony, 250 Vaughan's (Dean) house, 227 Viner's (Sir Robert) loss, 162 Wakkkikld Tower, 61 Wall of London, builder of the, 23, t,2 first existence of, 3 i remains of, 40 Walbrook, 24, 40, 57 Walls, the, S3 Walton, Izaak, 234 Walworth, 79 \\'ansdyke, the, 1 1 Wantsum and the Stour, 134 Wardrobe, the, 184 Warwick Lane, 79 Wat Tyler, 223 AVater Lane, 246 Watling Street, 53, 57, 76, 121 Wealthiest nunnery in London, 199 Weavers, power of the, 1 3 7 Welsh tradition, 23 Westcheap, 57 ^Vhitcfriars, 66, 80, 233, 234 \\'hittington, 197 Whittington and Newgate Prison, 125 294 INDEX Whitlington Street, 258 William the Chamberlain, i 2 i William the Conqueror, 36 Williams's Bank, 165 Willis's Bank, 165 Wolscy's (Cardinal) residence, 233, 238 Wood Street, 1 2 7 Wool and the precious metals, 1 36 Wren, Sir Christopher, 176, 206, 208, 211, 212, 270, 273 Wren's domestic style, 227 masterpieces, 212, 237 Young, John, monument to, 229 sBsp' I 'Spw ■J iM EIVES AND ALLEN'S Ol'l'ICES (AGENTS OF THE INMAN LINE AND WELLS EAKGo'S EXPRESS), 99 CANNON STREET, E.C. BY COMMAND ^■g^ESByr? DEDICATED TO Her Majesty the Queen. LONDON CITY, List of Subscribers. HER MAJESTY VICTORIA, QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT nKITAIN AND IRELAND, AND EMPRESS OF INDIA. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS OF WALES. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH. HER ROYAL AND IMPERIAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF EDINBURGH. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF CONNAUGHT. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE CHRISTIAN OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS CHRISTIAN. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS LOUISE (Marchioness of Lorne). HER ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCESS BEATRICE (Princess Henry of B.attenberg). HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF ALBANY. FIELD- MARSHAL HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE. HIS HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF TECK. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF TECK. The Right Honourahle Joseph Savory, Lord Mayor of " London City." Abbott, Saunders, Major-General, 2 Petersham Terrace, Queen's Gate, S.W. Abel, William M., i Athelstan Road, North Bow, E. Abercrombie, John, M.D., 23 Upper Wimpole Street, W. Abernethy, James, 4 Delahay Street, Westminster, S.W. Abethell, Mrs. John, Muswell Hill, Hornsey, N. Abrahams, Joseph H., 93 The (Jrove, Camberwell, S.E. AcRAM, Edward, i Middle Temple Lane, E.C. Acland, Reginald B. D., 8 King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C. 296 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Adair, Sir Hugh Edward, Bart., 63 Portland Place, W. Adam, Deputy Surgeon-General Hunter, 33 Blom- field Road, Paddington, AV. Adams, A. L., 81 Aldersgate Street, E.G. Adams, Henrv, M.I.G.E., iM.I.M.E., F.S.I., etc., 60 Queen Victoria Street, E.G. Adams, Herbert J., 60 Gannon Street, E.G. Adams, John, Lloyd's, Royal Exchange. Adams, Joseph, 108 Brecknock Road, N. Adams and Rees, 64 Bartholomew Glose, E.G. Adcock, Samuel, Princes Risborough, Bucks. Adderley, Gaptain E., Fairfield House, Hamble- don, Hants. Addis, W. J., G.E., Bassein, Burmah. Addison and Co., Mount Road, Madras. Addy, G. H., F.R.G.S., 17 Gannon Place, Hamp- stead Heath, N.W. Adey, Stanvvorth, Bank of England, Liverpool. Agar, A. P., Chittoor, North Arcot, India. Ainger, a. C., Eton. AiNSLEY, H. R., 14 Richmond Road, Cardiff. Airey, Rev. J. A. L., St. Helen's Rectory, 19 Finsbury Square, E.G. AiTCHisON, William John, 150 Harley Street, W. Aitken, Thomas, 5 Grosvenor Crescent, Edin- burgh. Alderson, Joseph, Headley Heath, near Epsom. Alderton, Thomas Henry, 97 Edgware Road, W. Aldous, H. Graham, 93 Warwick Road, Earl's Court, S.W. Aldkidge, H. Mooring, 2 Westover, Bournemouth. Alexander, Boyd Francis, Swifts, Granbrook, Kent. Alexander, Edward, 70 and 71 liishopsgate Street Within, E.G. Alexander, Mrs. G., 2 Vyvyan Terrace, Clifton, Jiristol. Alexander, James H., 66 Inverness Terrace, W. Alexander, Lesley, 29 Campden Grove, Ken- sington, W. Alexander, Roiikrt, 8 Buckingham Palace Road, S.W. Alexander, Wiii.iam Brown, 119 Iligii Street, Huntingdon, Hunts. Ai.FORD, Ronald, 59 Mark Lane, E.G. Algar, Claudius George, 17 Abchurch Lane, E.G. Algar, Frederic, ii and 12 Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.G. Alington, Frederick William, 7 Lennard Road, West Croydon. Alken, Charles, 13 Hilldrop Road, Camden Road, N. Allard, W. R., Commercial Sale Rooms, Mincing Lane, E.G. Allatini, Robert, i S Holland Park, \V. Allbut and Daniel, Hanley, Staffordshire. Alldridge, Miss Lizzie, 27 Victoria Road, Old Charlton, S.E. Allen, Miss, S3 Finchley Road, N.W. Allen, A. Victor, i and 3 Old Swan Lane, E.G. Allen, E. G., 28 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Allen, James, Allendale, Taunton Road, Lee, S.E. Allen, John, Harbledown, West Dulwich, S.E. Allen, R. B., i 2 Addison Terrace, Royal Crescent, Netting Hill, W. Allen, Samuel, Canal Road, Mile End, E. Allen, Thomas, Avenue Gardens, Acton, W. Allen, Thomas Bull, 88 King Henry's Road, N.W. Allen, William Thomas, Rennet AMiarf, 67 Upper Thames Street, E.G. Allingham, William, 25 Grosvenor Street, Gros- venor Square, W. Ai.litsen, Miss, Hampstead, N.W. Allport, T. R., 3 Orlando Road, Clapham Common. Alston, Alexander Rowland, 69 Eccleston Square, S.W. Alt, Lieutenant-Colonel W. ]., 14 Queen Victoria Street, E.G. Althaus, T. F., 21 Adamson Road, N.W. Amcoats and Co., 47 Lord Street, Gainsborough. Amer, Richard, 34 Isledon Road, P'insbury Park, N. Amos, Mrs., 136 Denmark Hill, S.E. Amsler and Rutharup, Behrenstrasse 29A, Berlin, W. T.ISr OF SUBSCRIBERS 297 Anchcir I nstitutk, Johnson Street, Noltiny Hill Gate, W. Anderson, E. G. Laughton, io Moorgatc Street, E.G. Anderson, Mrs. E. P., Jersey. Anderson, Miss Gertrude M., 35 lUirgoyne Road, Harringay, N. Anderson, J. W., no Cannon Street, E.G. Anderson, Dr. James, Iver, Uxbridge. Anderson, Sir James, 50 Old Broad Street, E.C. Anderson, Major John Eustace, St. Leonard's, Mortlake, S.W. Anderson, Robert, 21 George Square, Edin- burgh. Anderson, Thomas, 27 Leadenhall Street, E.G. Anderton, Edward, Goombe Hill House, South Croydon. Andrade, Alexander, 54 Cannon Street, E.G. Andrew, Frank, Novvelkhorpe, Ashton - under- Lyne. Andrew, William J. U., 25 Park Village East, Regent's Park, N.W. Andrews, Mrs., i Queen Anne Villas, Hendon, N.^^'. Andrews, Charles H., Herald Office, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Andrews, Fred. F., M.D., 29 Eccleston Street, s.^v. Andrews, J. Cyrus, 2 Adelphi Terrace, W.C, and Hampstead, N.W. Andrews, L. AV., and Son, Epsom. Andrews, William, F.R.H.S., i Dock Street, Hull. Angier, Thlo. V. S., Walsinghara House, Picca- dilly, W. ; The Woodlands, Thames Ditton ; and 118 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G. Angus, Charles J., 22 Church Row, Hampstead, N.W. Annison, a. R. G., Wendouree, Chichester Road, Croydon. Anthony, Harold E., 15 Philpot Lane, E.G. Apel, H., Central Library, Hastings. Appleton, Anthony Herrick, 37 Old Jewry, E.G. Appleton, Daniel Fuller, New York, U.S.A. Appleton, Mrs. Sarah Honnor, Poulton Lodge, Sneyd Park, Bristol. s.s. "Araii," Union Line Cape of Good ILjpe, Natal, and I'-ast African Royal Mail Steamer ; Offices, South African House, 94 - 96 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G. Archibold, Mrs. W. H., 3 Pyrland Road, Rich- mond, Surrey. Arden, p., 5 Fig Tree Court, Temple, E.G. Ardenhurst, Charles Walton, Culverden Park, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Ardron, Arthur, 8 Southampton Street, Blooms- bury Square, \V.C. Armytage, Captain Godfrey, The Court, Ack- worth, Pontefract. Arnett, Joseph E., Woodbine Cottage, Tenby, South A\"ales. Arnison, George N., 5 Tavistock Place, Boro' Road, Sunderland. Arnold, E. J., 3 Briggate, Leeds. Arnold, Ernest Charles, F.R.C.S., M.B., 31 Park Road, Forest Hill, S.E. Arnold, John J., Haworth's Buildings, Cross Street, Manchester. Arnold, W. J., 191 Gable Street, E. Arrowsmith, Ja:mes W., i i Quay Street, Bristol. Arthur, H. AL, Hatfield House, Leinna Road, Leytonstone. Arundel, Samuel Drew, 120 Stamford Hill, N. Ashby-Sterry, J., St. Martin's Chambers, Trafalgar Square, ^\'.G. Asher, Samuel Garcia, 6 Randolph Crescent, W. AsHER and Co., 18 Bedford Street, Govent Garden, W.C. AsHMEAD, George B., 35 Bishopsgate Street Witli- out, E.G. Ashton, Richard James, 20 Sussex Square, Hyde Park, AW Asiatic Society, the Hon. Secretary, Bombay, India. AsKiN, Edward Thomas, Highbury House, Kenwood Road, Sheffield. AssER, W. \\., Oak Lawn, Anerley. Aston Manor Public Library, Aston, Birming- ham. Atchison, John D., Preston House, Bexhill-on-Sea. Athawes, Edward James, i Cloisters, Temple, E.G., and Police Court, Chatham, &c. 2 g 298 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS s.s. "Athenian," Union Line Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and East African Royal Mail Steamer; Offices, South African House, 94-96 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G. Atkin, George D., Stock Exchange, E.G. Atkin, J. Greenwood, 41 Claremont Road, Forest Gate. Atkins, Arthur N., Sidcup, Rent. Atkins, H. J., 16 Firs Glen, Bournemouth. Atkins, Ramsay A., Stock Exchange. Atkins, Thomas, Audley Lodge, Stanley Road, Wimbledon. Atkinson, Charles Howard, Camden Villa, Fuller Road, Woodford. Atkinson, Ed.mund, Portesbery Hill, Camberley. Atkinson, J., and Son, I'ontefract. Atkinson, J. W., 58 Old Broad Street, E.G. Atteridge, John J., M.D., M.Ch., M.A.O., R.U.I., 240 Cornwall Road, Notting Hill, W. Attfield, Edward R., 77 Central Meat Market, E.G. Aubusson, Frank, Bank of England, Man- chester. AuGERAUD, Miss Francis K., 90 Holland Road, Kensington, W. Auguste, Labille, Bel-Air, Eaton Road, Sutton, Surrey. AuMONiER, F., no High Street, near Manchester Square, W. Austin, Fred., i East India Avenue, Leaden- hall Street, E.G. Austin, G., Prosi)ect Hall, \Voodford, Essex. Austin, G., Woburn House, Thicket Road, Aneiiey, S.E. Austin, Tho.mas, 12 Tavistock Street, Bedford. Austin, Captain W. F., Mount Lodge, Storrington, Sussex. Austin, Wood, Bkowne and Co., 11 and 12 Parkfield Street, Lslington, N. s.s. "Au.stkai,," Orient Line Royal Mail Steamer; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.G. AusTwiCK, Charles, Kenmure, Faniham, Suney. AvLiNG, J., 2 Mansfield Place, lulinburgh. Avrton and I'iiomas, 60 Chancery Lane, W.C. Baber, E. Cresswell, 97 Western Road, Brighton. Baddelev, John James, Chapel A\'orks, Moor Lane, E.G. Baddeley, Walter, Moor Lane, E.G. Baddelev, William G., Helston, Cornwall. Baddeley, William Henry, Moor Lane, E.G. Badgley, Colonel W. F., Kyrewood House, Ten- bury, Worcestershire. Bagley, Edmond Thomas, Springwood Lodge, Oakfield Road, Lower Clapton. B.\gnall, Benjamin, Ellerslie, Eaton Gardens, Hove, Brighton. Bagnall, John, Water Orton, near Birmingham. Bagot, Henry Vincent, Wellington House, Lausanne Road, Peckham, S.E. B.vgster, Robert, 15 Paternoster Row, E.G. Bailey, Frank, 22 Addison Road, Kensington, W. Bailey, George H., 9 Cavendish Place, W. Bailey, James Blake, 4 Church Lane, Hornsey, N. Bailey, John, Darlington. Bailey, Thomas, Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S..'\. Bailey, W. 13 Marmora Road, Honor Oak, S.E. Bain, James, i Haymarket, S.W. Bain, William A., 339 King Street, Hammer- smith, W. Baines, John A\'., 15 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn. Baker, Mrs., 3 Montague Place, Russell Square, W.C. Baker, Alfred Joseph, 61 Old Broad Street, E.G. Baker, Bernard N., Baltimore. Baker, Brackstone, 8 Belmont Park, Lee, Kent. Baker, Charles, Lancaster House, 45 Fitzjohn's Avenue, Hampstead. Baker, Edward, 15 and 17 John Bright Street, Birmingham. Baker, F. G. J., Villefram he, Baldwyn's Crescent, Gamberwell, S.E. Baker, Francis, Bill Office, Bank of England, City. Baker, Fred., 15 CIray's Inn Square, W.C. Baker, George B., Baltimore. Baker, Henry (Barrett, Sons, and Co.), 10 Beer Lane, E.G. Baker, J., and Son, Clifton, Bristol. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS 299 Bakf.r, Jamks, 19 Whitehead's (Jiove, Chelsea, S.W. Baker, Roiu-RT, IJallingtlon, 141 Green Lanes, N. Baker, W. G., M.A., A.K.C., Si. Paul's College, Cheltenham. ]5aker, ^VII.I,IA^I II., The Ferns, Collier's \\'ood, JMerton. Baker, Wilmam Thomas, St. Mary's Buildings, Ik-dCord. Balchin, W., Inverness Lodge, Bromley, Kent. Balding, I). B., The Beeches, Royston, Camljs. Balk, \V. H., 46 Gellatly Road, Nunhead, S.K. Ball, F. \V,, 177 York Road, Camden Road, N. Ball, Hi:nrv William, 105 Fentiman Road, South Lambetli, S.W. Bali.antine, EnwiN, Messrs. Ballantine and Waterman, loi Leadenhall Street, B.C. Bamuridge, G. F., Clarence House, St. James's, S.W. Bamford, Thomas H. Broughton, Ashborne, Derbyshire. Bancroft, S. B., 18 Berkeley Square, W. Banes, Arthur Alexander, The Red House, l^pton, Essex. Bangs, Lemuel W., St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, E.C. Bank of England Library, C. J. Goulv, Hon. Sec, Bank of' England, E.C. Banks, Charles, A\'eston House, Gery Street, Bedford. Banks, Edwin H., Highmoor, Wigton. Banks, John J., CheltenhanL Banks, W., i Starkie Street, Preston. Barber, Charles L., 7 Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, \V.C. Barler, Joseph, 20 Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park, W. Bare, R. G., 66 Lebanon Gardens, A\'andsworth, S.W. Barker, J. L, Bowdon. Barlow, Frank Pratt, 14 Onslow Square, S.\\'. Barlow, J. R., Edgworth, near BoltoiL Barlow, Tho.mas, 44 Cecile Park, Crouch End, N. Barnard, Admiral E. K., Yondercott House, Uffculme, Devon. Barnard, Walter, 12 Ribblesdale Road, Hornscy, N. Barnakdo, Dr. '!'. J., 18 to 26 Stepney Cause- way, K. Barnes, Miss, Franken's How, 41 Acacia Road, Regent's Park, N.^^^ Barnes, Frederick, 52 Gracechurch Street, E.C. Barnes, Henry, Enfield House, Grove Road, ^V'oodford, Lssex. Barnes, J. R., The Quinta, Chirk, near Ruabou. P.ARNKs, Lieutenant-Colonel James Richardson, Brookside, Chirk, near Ruabon. Barnett, Charles A., 42 Craven Street, Charing Cross, W.C. Barnett, John, Thirlestane Lodge, Colney Hatch Lane, Muswell Hill. Barnett, Samson, i (^jurtncy Terrace, West Brighton, Sussex. Barnicott, Dolph, Eversleigh, Cyprus Road, Finchley, N. Barnicott and Son, 'PauntoiL Barratt, Alfred, 9 Gwendwr Road, West Ken- sington, W. Barratt, Thomas J., 71 New Oxford Street, W.C. Barrett, G. R., Drakesleigh, Plymouth. Barrett, H. and C, 8 Duke Street Mansions, Grosvenor Square, W. Barrett, Howard, 3 Tavistock S(iuare, \\'.C. Barrett, John Arthur, 57 Highbury Park, N. Barrett, Joseph, Moorlane, Clitheroe. Barrett, Thomas, Freke Road, Lavender Hill, S.W. Barrington, Charles, 4 Oakleigh Villas, Manna- mead, Plymouth. Barron, Mrs. C, Deveron Street, Huntly, Aberdeenshire. Barron, E. Jackson, F.S.A., 10 Endsleigh Street, Tavistock Stjuare, W.C. Barrow, H. F. A., 33 AmiJthill Square, N.W. Barrow, Samuel, jun., Fontainebleau, Dacres Road, Forest Hill, S.E. Barrs, John A., The Hollies, Miilbrook Road, Freemantle, Hants. 300 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Barstow, Miss Flora Garrow Hill, York. Barstow, Mrs. Marv E., Manor House, Elstree, Herts. Bartleet, H. S., 59 Eastcheap, E.G. Bartlett, William, Highfield House, Knotty Ash, Liverpool. Bartlev, a. p., 493 Oxford Street, W. Barton, Gharles Thomas, 40 St. John's Park, Blackheath, S.E. Barton, F. P., 44 Fit7John's Avenue, Hampstead, N.W. Barton, Robert Harvey, 2 Great St. Helen's, E.G. Basford, G. Vi'., 104 Field Road, Forest Gate. Bassingham, William, 92 Lordship Park, Stoke Newington, N. Batchelor, Richard Richardson, 12 St. Peter's Grove, Southsea. Bathe, P. de, i i Killieser Avenue, Streatham Hill, S.W. Batsford, B., 124 Abbey Road, N.W. Batsford, B. T., 52 High Holborn, W.G. Batten, Isaac, Berryfield, Bickley, Kent. B.\TTiscoMBE, James V., 26 Basinghall Street, E.G. B.\ttle, William Henry, 6 Harley Street, Caven- dish Square, W. Bawtree, Samuel, Lloyd's, E.G. Baxendine, Andrew, id St. Giles Street, Edin- burgh. Baxter, G. H., The Park, Hutton, near Brentwood, Essex. Baxter, J. G., Cambridge House, Wanstead, Essex. Bayes, a. B., Spring Bank, Brighouse. Baylis, Alfred, Elm Villa, The Park, Hull, Yorks. Bayliss, W. M., St. Cuthbert's, West Heath, Hampstead, N.^V. Bayly, F'rancis, The Presbytery, High Road, Tottenham. Bayne, Robert, 5 Montrose Street, Glasgow. I'.AZLEY, Sir Thomas S., Bart., Hathcrop Castle, Fairford. Beal, John, and Son, 55 East Street, Brighton. Beale, Arthur, 5 Stockwell Avenue, Brixton, S.\V. Beale, E. Clifford, 23 Upper Berkeley Street, Portman Square, \\'. Beale, George B., M.D., 17 Queen Anne's Avenue, South Tottenham. Beale, Lionel Smith, F.R.S., 61 Grosvenor Street, AV. Beale, Louis, 5 Prospect Hill, Walthamstow. Beamish, Mrs. F. W., Flainault Lodge, Lans- downe Road, South Woodford. Bean, Alfred, 47 Princes Square, W. Be.\n, Edwin, 149 Briggate, Leeds. Beard, G. H. A., Leonard Stanley House, Stone- house, Gloucestershire. Beard, Thomas, 41 Bishopsgate Street, E.G. Beatty, T. C, sen., Seaham Harbour. Beauchamp, John, Cholmeley Park, Highgate, N. Beauchamp, Sir Reginald, Bart., Langley Park, Norwich. Beauchamp, Robert Cle.wer, Saxonhurst, Win- chester Place, Highgate, N. Beaulah, John, C.C, Raventhorpe, Brigg. Beavis, Richard, 16 Notting Hill Square, Camp- den Hill, Kensington, AW Beck, R. C. Adams, Cheam, Surrey. Beck, William, 3 Glebe Place, Stoke Newington, N. Becker, Albert, 40B Aldersgate Street, E.G. Becker, Francis E., 39B Old Bond Street, W. Becker, Gustavus, 10 St. Benet's Place, E.G. Beckmann Brothers, 26 and 27 Cow Cross Street, E.G. Beckwith, T. p., 14 Eaton Place, S.W. Bedford, Alfred, Waltham Buildings, E.G. Bedford, Robert, Marston, South Ealing, \V. Beeby, W. J., 46 Palmerston Road, Northampton. Beeching, Colonel F., 29 Vernon Terrace, Brighton. Beecroft and Son, Station Hill, and 24 Market Place, Reading. Beedell, E. Couchman, i 4 Throgmorton Street. Beeman, G. B., 182 Earl's Court Road, S.A\'. Begbie, Rev. M. H., St. Michael's Vicarage. Stockwell Park Road, S.\V. Bell, Miss, Bayswater, W. Bell, Rev. Canon, Cheltenham. LIST Ol- SUBSCRIBERS 301 Bell, George, 32 Percy C.ardens, 'ryncuioiith. Bell, James Kerr, 44 Bloom Street, Manclieslcr. Beli,, Joseph George, May Villa, Forest Drive, East Leytonstone, Essex. Bell, Percy William, 43 Great Tower Street, E.G. Bell, Thomas, "East Lynne," Leicester Road, New Barnet, Herts. Bell, Waldegrave D., 87 Eaton Terrace, S.A\'. Bell, \\'illiam, Elder House, Longhoughtoii, I,es- hur)', Northumberland. Bell and Bradfute, 12 Bank Street, Edinburgh. Bellamy, W. F., 'Wyclifire Cottage, John Street, Hampstead Heath, N.W. Bellerby and Son, Selby. Bellows, John, Eastgate, Gloucester. Bellows, Max, Eastgate, Gloucester. Beney, William A., Johannisbad, Beckenham. Benham, Rev. W., 32 Finsbury Square, E.G. Bennett, Charles, jun.. Stock Exchange, E.G. Bennett, Charles J., jun., 22 Bowyer Terrace, Clapham, S.W. Bennett, H. M., Grove House, Twickenham. Bennett, Mrs. Hughes, 47 Clanricarde Gardens, W. Bennett, Reginald A. R., B.A., "Walton Manor Lodge, Oxford. Bennett, S., 117 Richmond Road, Hackney. Bennett, William, 58 Gloucester Street, Belgrave Road, S.W. Bentley, J. Edmund, 7 Camden Square, N.\\'. Berger, Maurice S., 46 Lawford Road, N.'W. Bergin, Mrs. Caroline, Kenmare, Western Road, Sutton, Surrey. Bergin, Thomas Gower, Northumberland Alley, Fenchurch Street. Berkley, Albert W. T., St. John's Villa, 230 Dalston Lane, N.E. Bermondsey Reading Society, Daniel Sharpe, Hon. Sec, 45 Grange Road, Bermondsey, S.E. Bernard, John, 9 Newgate Street, E.G. Berney, The Misses, Morton Hall, Norwich. Berrell, William, Kirkside, Church Road, Sutton, Surrey. Berrey, George A., "The Haven," St. Leonard's- on-Sea. Berriman, J. H., 47 ^\•ilson Road, Camberwcll, S.E. Berry, 1-'rf.d., 78 Cheapsidc, E.G. Berry, H., The Cloisters, St. Albans. Berry, Oscar, Monument House, Monument Vard, E.G. I!i:rkv, R., I.ynmouth Villa, Worley Road, St. Albans. Berry, W. H. Atkin, 23 Old Broad Street, E.G. Besant, Walter, 12 Gayton Crescent, Hamp- stead, N.W. Best, Edward, 97 Upper 'Jollington Park, N. Best, G. A. H. Haden, Haden Hill, Old Hill, Staffordshire. Bethune, a. M., 122 Leadenhall Street, E.G. Bevan, Arthur T, Bessell's Green, Chevening, Kent. Bevan, C. T, 28 Holborn \'iaduct, E.G. Bevan, Paul, M.A., A.C.A., 46 Queen's Gate Terrace, S.\\'. Bevington, John A., 22 Grange Road, Canonbury Park, N. Bkvir, Harry, Wootton Bassett, Wilts. Bevis, Frank, Kingston Crescent, Portsmouth. Bewick, W. E., 14 Edith Road, St. Mary's, Peck- ham, S.E. Beynon, T. ]., J. P., Newport, Monmouth- shire. P.iLDY, Mrs. Emily F., Hart Hill, Liverpool. BiBRA, Ernest, 125 Fenchurch Street. Bickers and Son, i Leicester Square, W.C. BiCKERSTETH, ROBERT, St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, E.G. BiCKFORD, J., Ash burton, Devon. Biddle, Frederick William, 18 Gresham Street, E.G. BiDEN, Lewis, i The Elms, Allison Road, Acton, ^V. BiGBY, Henry Murdoch, 65 Alexandra Road, South Hampstead, N.W. BiGi.EY, George S., 6 Great St. Helen's, E.G. BiGwooD, James, M.P., 115 City Road, E.G. BiLLiNGE, Robert, 67 and 69 Exmouth Street, W.C. 3o: LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS BiLLiNGHURST, Henry pARNCOMnEY, 35 Gran- ville Park, Blackheath, S.E. BiNDLOss, Mrs. Agnes S., Castle Green, Kendal. BiNNS, Anthony, 70 Vanbrugh Park, Black- heath. BiNNS, Thomas, Sawley Hall, Ripon. BiNYON, George, 64 Mark Lane, E.G. BiRCHALL, J. Dkarman, Bowden Hall, Gloucester. Bird, Clarence, Cefn On, Streatham, Surrey. BiuKS, H. W., 32 Cornhill and Stock Exchange, E.G. Birmingham, \V., Plymouth. Birt, W. Morlais, Catford, Kent. Bishop, F., 5 Philpot Lane, Fenchurch Street, E.G. Bishop, George, 4 Digby Road, Finsbury Park, N. Black, T. Eraser, 14 Mount View Road, Grouch Hill, N. Blackett, Edward R., 23 Green Street, Gros- venor Square, ^V. Blackhall, William, 40 High Street, Galashiels. Blackwell, Frederick, 30 and 31 Market Place, Reading. Blake, Charles, Motspur Park, Maiden, Surrey. Blake, Lionel E., ]\I.A., S Devonshire Place, W. Blake, M. A., St. Mary's Depot, 6 Saltliouse Lane, Hull. Blake, Philip D., 40 Loudoun Road, N.W. Blake, Alderman Thomas, Lebanon, Ross, Here- fordshire. Blakey, James, 21 Groat Market, Newcastle-on- Tyiie. Blanchworth Poultry Farm Company, Dursley, Gloucestershire. Blathwayt, Frogmore, Watford. Blayney, Arthur, Bridge Street Row, Chester. Bligh, Fras. John, Tinten, Caterham Valley, Surrey. Blight, H. J., 8 Victoria Street, ^Vestminster, S.W. Blinko, Mrs., 27 Queen Slrcet, Ramsgatc. Bliss, Thomas, M.N.S. !„, Goningsburgh, Bcthunc Road, Amhurst I'ark, N. Blockev, .'\i.iiivRT, I'.oyland's Oak, Streatham Hill, S.W. Blore, Charles Christopher, 29 Carlyle Square, S.W. Blumfeld, L, Brauneck, 7 Prince Arthur Road, Hampstead, N.W. Blyth, James Niseet, 4 Chiswell Street, E.G. Blyth, William, 4 Fenchurch Avenue, E.G. Boardman, Arthur, Bishop's Stortford, Herts. Boddington, Edward, 28 New Bridge Street, E.G. Bodger, \V. R., 4 Osborne Villas, Tottenham, N. BoER, F. B. DEN, Middelburg, the Netherlands. Bogue, David, Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey. BoLDERO, Arthur, 6 Lawrence Lane, Cheapside, E.G. BoLLiNG, George, 46 Caldervale Road, Clapham Park, S.W. Bolt, Ja.mes, Stanwick House, Tynemouth. Bolton, G. R., Devonia, Lordship Lane, Forest Hill, S.E. Bolton, J., 39 and 40 St. George's Place, Hyde Park, W. Bolton, J. Beaumont, Badsworth Rectory, Ponte- fract, Yorks. Bolton, Major-General Robert Henry, 7 Cress- well Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Bond, Major-General, Glenview, Londoijderry. Bond, J. Kinton, 13 The Crescent, Plymouth. Bond, J. T., 5 Woodland Terrace, Plymouth. Bonham, Frederick John, 8 Addison Terrace, Holland Park, W. Bonthron, p., 72 Mark Lane, E.G. Bonus, John, Ph. et. Pitt. Dr., Walton, near Ipswich. Pools, W. E., 7 Cornhill, EC. Boone, Frederick Thomas, 56 I.yndhurst Road, Peckham, S.E. Booth, Richard, i i Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C. Booth, Thom.\s R., 46 Mildmay Park, N. Booth, Walter, Eastcheap Buildings, E.G. Borders, William, 21 Alderbrook Road, Clap- ham Common, S.W'. Borland, Francis J., 7 Strnthcden \'illas, Fast Dulwich Road, S.E. PoRLAND, James, 7 Stratheden Villas, East Dul wich Road. S.l'". LIST OF SUl^SC'RIHKRS 303 CoRRAjo, Edward M., Senior Sub-l.ibraiian to the Corporation of London, Tlie Library, Guiklhall, E.G. ])OKRo\v.MAN, John, Hamblcdon, Godalniing. r.oRTON, Rev. Neville, BurwcU Vicarage, Cam- bridge. BosANQUET, Theodore, West Down House, Brad- worth, Holsworthy, North Devon. Boston Athen.euji, Boston, INLassachusetts, U.S.A. Boswell-Stone, W'alter, Shute Haye, Walditch, Bridport. Bothamley, Robert Grafton, 25 Royal Cres- cent, Notting Hill, W. Botting, J., 12 Grenville Place, Brighton. Bottomlev, J., Ebberston Terrace, Hyde Park, Leeds. Boulter, Charles Bevois, 75 Old Broad Street, E.G. BouLTON, Godfrey, 21A Northampton Square, Clerkenwell, E.G. Boulton, Harold E., Carlisle Mansions, S.W. BouLTON, John, i i Wandle Road, Upper Toot- ing, S.W. Bousfield, E. H., 99 Gresham Street, E.G. BoUTON, J. W., New York. Bowden, James Willl\m, 9 Mayfield Road, New Wimbledon, S.W. Bowen, James B., Chipping Norton, Oxon. Bower, J. H., and Co., 138 Leadenhall Street, E.G. Bowes, Hkber Tho.\l\s, \\'hite Hart Hotel, Salis- bury. Bowes, Samuel James, 36 Stock well Park Cres- cent, s.^\'. Bowrer, Fred., Lankhills, Winchester. ilowKER, Henry W., 23 Moncrieff Street, Peck- ham, S.E. liowKER, James, 9 Royal Terrace West, Kingstown, Go. Dublin. Bowles, Joseph, 14 George Street, Mansion House, E.G. P.owles, Joseph Charles, Holloway's Hotel, 47 and 48 Dover Street, Piccadilly, W. Bowles, W. J., 3 Newland Terrace, Kensington, W. Bowman, B., 43 and 45 Church Street, Blackpool. Bow.\L\N, Rev. I., New Soulhgate Vicarage, N. BowRiNG, I\Irs.E.,Molebank, East Molescy, Surrey. BoxALL, Mrs. Margaret, Mill Villa, Grove Road, Kingston-on-Thames. BoxsiL\LL, F. A., 31 Great St. Helen's, E.G. Boxshall, H. E., 197 lUnrage Road, Plumstcad, Kent. BovD, Sprott, 24 Lexham Gardens, Cromwell Road, W. Braby, Frederick, Bushy Lodge, Teddington. Brack, Henry, 8 Great St. Helen's, E.G. Brackett, E. and S., 5 High Street, Colchester. Brackman, Henry, 22 Portsdown Road, Maida Vale, W. Bradley, J. D., 14 Salisbury Road, West Brighton, Sussex. Bradley, Warwick Vernon, Drayton, Crickle- wood, N.W. Bradshaw, J. D., 30 George Street, Hanover Square, W. Bradshaw, William Harper, Milton House, Plaistow. Bragg, Richard J., 27 Woodberry Grove, Fins- bury Park, N. Braid, A., Clyde Lodge, Heathlleld Park, Willes- den Lane, N.W. Bramall, Percy, Ivy House, North Brink, Wis- bech, Cambridgeshire. Brand, H. Shelley, Foochow Club, Foochow, China. Brand, James, Sanderstead Court, Croydon. Brand, W. J., 34 Maberley Road, Upper Norwood. Brandon, Henry J., 7 Bolt Court, Fleet Street, E.G. Brandon, Jocelyn, Oakbrook, Ravenscourt Park, W. ISrandt, Robert E., 3 Fenchurch Avenue, E.G. Bray, Mrs., Eastbourne. Brayshaw, Thomas, Settle, Yorkshire. Br.\zil, Joseph, Kelso Cottage, Morden Hill, Lewishani, S. K. Breese, Alfred, 75 Aldermanbury, E.C. Brewer, H. J., Edehvei.ss, Stratford Road, Stroud, Gloucestershire. Brewlv, Arthur, 6a .\ustin Friars, E.G. 304 LIST OF SU15SCRIBERS Brewster, !•'., Albert Road, Aliddlesbrough. Brice, Sewaku, 5 Bedford Square, W.C. Brice, W. H., 14 Cannon Street, E.G. Bridge, John, The Hollies, Prestwich. Bridger, Thomas, 66 South Hill Park, Hampstead Heath, N.W. Bridgewater, B. J., 80 Cheapside. Bridgewater, Geoffrey, Thirlestaine, Conyers Road, Manor Park, Streatham, S.W. Bridgewater, Howard, Thirlestaine, Gonyers Road, Manor Park, Streatham, S.W. Bridgman, C. H. C., 5 Windsor Villas, Lockyer Street, Plymouth. Bridgman, Henry Hewitt, C.C., F.R.I.B.A., F.S.A., 42 Poultry, E.G. Brient, Mrs. Lachlan J., Sydney, N.S.W. Briggs, Lady, 1 1 Tisbury Road, West Brighton. Bright, F. J., and Son, 10 and 11 The Arcade, Bournemouth. Brind, H. Hanslow, Warrenbayne, Mount Avenue, Ealing, W. Brinton, Hubert, Eton College, Windsor. Brittain, Alderman \V. H., J.P., F.R.H.S., Storth Oaks, Sheffield. Brittan, E. C, 27 Leadenhall Street, E.G. Britten, Arthur, 362 Stanstead Road, S.E. Britten, Willia.m, 5 St. Faith's Road, West Nor- wood, S.E. Broadbent, S. K., Victoria Street, l_)ouglas, Isle of Man. Brockhaus, F. a., Leipzig. Bromley, John B., Castle Hedingham, Essex. Brook, J., Sunnyside, Old Trafford, Manchester. Brooke, Lieutenant-Colonel, Brockhurst, North Finchlcy. Brooke, Akthuk, i Ru[)ert Road, P>edford Park, Chiswick. Bkooke, CiiariJ';s, 64 Kent House Road, Sydenham. Brooke, Charles B., 20 Aberdeen Park, N. Brooke, Edward, Ufford Place, Suffolk. Brooke, Henry W., 20 Holland Park Gardens, Brooke, Rev. J. M. S., M.A., F.R.G.S., St. Mary Woolnoth, Lombard Street, E.G. Brooke, W. R., Meadow Lodge, Grove Road, Walthamstow, Essex. Brooker, H. T. Brooker, J. W., A.R.LB.A., 13 Railway Ap- proach, London Bridge, S.E. Brookes, L., St. Peter's Street, Derby. Brooks, J. B., 29 Bushey Hill Road, Camberw^eli, S.E. Brooks, John, Wilton House, St. James's Road, Edgbaston. Brooks, W. H., Church Pastoral Aid Society, Falcon Court, E.G. Brooks, W. R., Cornhill Chambers, 63 Cornhill, E.G. Broom, George J. G., Assoc.M.Inst.G.E., F.G.S., Prescot Road, St. Helen's. Broomhall, E. B., Nuthurst, St. Margaret's, Twickenham. Brophy, Mrs. Michael Mary, 66 Russell Square, W.C. Brough, James R., Eversley, Alexandra Villas, Finsbury Park, N. Brougham, James R., Bridge House, Garshalton, Surrey. Broun, William, 19 Gampden Hill Road, Kensington, W. Brown, A., and Sons, 26, 27 and 29 Savile Street, Hull. Brown, A. F. Brown, Alfred, Pine Ridge, Orpington, Kent. Brown, B. F., Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Brown, Bernard. Brown, Bradshaw, 20 Vanbrugh Park, Black- heath, S.E. Brown, Edgar M., Holne Cott, AVcston-super- Mare. Brown, F. C., Sidbury, Kingshall Road, Kent House, Beckenham. Brown, H. G. A., York Lodge, \\'ailiam Road, Croydon. Brown, Henry, 75 Hopton Road, Coventry Park, Streatham, S.\V. Brown, Henry, and Co., iS Gold Street, North- ampton. Brown, J. P., 2 r.caumont Villas, Huntisconibe Road, Plyniovili). I.I.ST OF SUBSCRIHERS 305 r.KDWN, James, 3 SpringfieKl Villas, ISmnswick 'I'cnace, Camberwcll. Bkown, jAiMEs, and Sox, 35 Mitchell Street, Glasgow. 13ko\vn, John, 37 Merchant Street, E. BuowN, John, 38 Mincing Lane, E.C. Brown, John Johnson, 5 Market Place, Prcscot. Brown, John, Pound Hill, Crawley, Sussex. Brown, Mount, 39 St. Mary at Hill, E.C. Brown, Thomas, 5 Falcon Street, E.C. Bkown, W^alter E., Swansea. Brown, Wh.liam, 26 Princes Street, Edinlnirgli. Brown, William, St. Helen's, Kelso. Brown, William Blumfield, New Soutligate, N. Brown, William Seton, 6 Sussex Square, Hyde Park, W. Brown and Co., Market House, Blackburn. Browne, Charles P. T. Browne, John, Chertsey House, Croydon. Browne, William, Tallantire Hall, Cockerinouth, Cumberland. Brownell, p. C, Alderley Edge. Browning, A. Giraud, F.S.A., 16 Victoria Street, ^Vestminste^ Abbey, S.W. Browning, John, 63 Strand, AV.C. Brownlow, Captain A., Royal Navy, C.B., 35 Con naught S(iuare, Hyde Park, W. Bruce, Miss, Oaklands, Priory Road, West Hanip stead, N.W. Hruce, John, 10 Syon Street, Tyneniouth. Bkukton, Harry D., i 7 Gracechurch Street, E.C. Brunton, T. Lauder, 10 Stratford Place, )\'. Bkushkieli), T. N., M.D., The Cliff", Budleigh- Salterton, Devonshire. Bruton, Daniel Yeo, 12 Crane Court, Fleet Street, E.C. Bryan, W. J., 40 Outram Road, Addisconibe. ISrvanl, Howell G., Bridgwater, Somerset. Bryant, Thomas, 65 Grosvenor Street, Grosvenor Square, W. BuYCE, David, and Sox, Glasgow. Buchanan, Miss M., 73 Victoria Road, Stroud Green, N. Buchanan, N., 31 Alexandra Road, N.W. Buck, Dr., Settle, Yorkshire. 2 R Buck, W. E., 16 Limcsford Road, Nunhead, S.E. BucKEi.L, Robert, Mayor of Oxford, 32 P.eau- mont Street, Oxford. BUCKINGIIA.M, H. R., The Acacias, Coldharbour Lane, S.E. Buckingham, J. S., 9 1 Fairfox Road, South Hanip- stead, N.W. BucKLAND, J. W., 130 Lower Addiscoinbe Road, Croydon, Surrey. Buckley, Edmund, Miiford Hall, Newtown, North Wales. Buckley, Rev. William, St. Mary's, Sunderland. Buckley, Thomas H. Wilson, Oaklawn, Crawley Down, Sussex. Buckton, James Rhoades, Fairfield Hall, Warring- ton. I5UCKWELL, Rev. William B., M.A., Cheriton Rectory, Shorncliffc. BuDD, Nathaniel, 3 Queeii Street, Wolver- hampton. BuDGETT, W. Hill, Gatconibe Court, Long Ashton, Somerset. Buhl, Theodore, i i Queen Victoria Street, E.C. BuLBECK, John F., Holme, t:arnforth, Westmor- land. Bull and Son, Victoria Road, Surbiton. BuLLAR, ALs., Basset Wood, near Southampton. Bullmore, Thomas, i i Western Shore, Southamp- ton. BuMPUS, E., 5 and 6 Holborn Bans, E.C. BuMPU-S, John, 350 Oxford Street, \V. BuMPus, Thomas, Hampstead, N.W. Buxcher, a. J., 35 Whittall .Street, Birmingham. BuxDocK, William, 24 Tent Street, Bethnal Green, E. BuRBiDGE, James, Shaftesbury. BuRCKHARDT, H., 49 Mardol, Shrewsbury. BuRD, Edward, M. D., Newport House, Shrews- bury. BuRu, J. S., Cresswell, Compton Gifford, Plymouth. BuRDETT, Henry C, The Lodge, Porchester Square, A\'. PjURDitt, F. N., 47 Wellington Street, Luton. BuRFORD, Edwin, Cheshunt Cottage, Strawberry Vale, Twickenham. 3o6 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS BuRGE, Arthur C, 23 Brougham Terrace, West Hartlepool. 15URGE, Major-General Robert Sutton, Kings- muir, Pittville, Cheltenham. Burgess, Ch.\rles, 48 Alfred Street, Taunton. Burgess, Ebenezer, Postal Telegraph Office, Lloyd's, Royal Exchange, E.G. Burgess, George, 3 Abcrsham Road, Dalston, N.E. BuRi.viTE, F. DE, 169 Fleet Street, E.C. BuRMAN, A. W., 12 Alconbury Road, Upper Clapton, N.E. Burn, J.\mes R., 5 Upper Phillimore Gardens, Kensington, W. Burn, Matthew, 52 Cambridge Road, Gunners- bury, W. Burn, Robert G. L., 14 Newcastle Street, Earring- don Street, E.C. Burnand, F. C, 192 Brompton Road, S.W. Burnard, Robert, 3 Hillsborough, Plymouth. Burns and Gates, Limited, 28 Orchard Street, W. Burnside, Mrs., 57 Grosvenor Street, W. BuRNSiDE, Evelyn Elmer, 18 Montpelier Row, Blackheath, S.E. Burke, Ulick Ralph, Springmount, Rathfarnham, Co. Dublin. Burr, Miss Sarah Anne, 18 York Villas, Preston- ville Road, Brighton. Burrell, a. Lloyd, riy and 118 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Burrell, E. R., i i 7 and 1 1 8 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Burrell, R. M., Ockenden, Cuckfiekl, Sussex. Burt, C. W., 26 Westbourne Park Villas, Bays- water, ^V. Burt, Charles, S.C.C, F.R.G.S., Hillside House, Richmond. BuRi-, V. A., Swanagc, Dorset, and Grosvenor Road, Westminster. Burt, George (Ex-SherilT), Purbeck House, Swanage, Dorsetshire. Burt, George, jun., 22 Grosvenor Road, West- minster, S.W. Burton, Charles R., Oak Lawn, New Southgate. Burton, John Francis, Eastgate, Lincoln. Bush, James E., 62 Lordship Park, Stoke New^ng- ton, N. Butcher, Albert, P5elle Grove, Welling, Kent. Butler, ]\Ls., 16 Park \'illage West, N.W. Butler, G., Fonnereau Road, Ipswich. liuTLiN, Mrs., Rock House, Ealing Green, W. Butt, P'rederick James, B..\., 60 Woodstock Road, Plnsbury Park, N. Butt, Henry, EUerslie, Gunnersbury. Butt-Thompson, E. J., Rowland Lodge, Gravesend. Butterfield, John, Ivy Villa, Balfour Road, Ilford, Essex. Butterworth, Charles, Savoy House, 115 Strand, W.C. Butterworth, H. and Co., 7 Fleet Street, E.C. Butterworth, Joshua W., F.S..\., 45 Russell Road, Kensington, W. Button, George, 4 Walbrook, E.C. Button, L, Northwood Lodge, The Avenue, Southampton. BuxEY, George, 2 i Bridge Street, Southanijiton. BvcuLi.A Club, the Hon. Secretary, Bombay, India. Bve, John William, 4 Crosby Square, E.C. Cadi;v, W. F., Ormonde Studio, Nolting Hill Grove, Campden Hill, W. Caddel, John S., i King Street, Gravesend. Caithness, 1). K., i Lime Street Square, E.C. Caithness, J. E., Vernon House, Montpelier Road, Ealing, ^^■. CA.MBRIDGE Free Librarv, Guildhall, Cambridge. Cameron, Nelson, P\assiefern, Aigburth. Cameron, Waverley A., Odan Times, Oban. Campbell, Hon. and Rev. A. G., Marchfield House, Bracknell. Campbell, Lady Colin, Carlisle Mansion.s, S.W. Campbell, Duncan, 19 and 21 Chalmers Street, Dunfermline. Campbell, J. S., 10 Park Square West, Regent's Park, N.W. Campbell,Wili.iam, Beaufort .'\ venue, Brooklands, Sale, Cheshire. Canuv, Chrlstophkr 11. 11., Basset, South- ampton. Cann, R. R., Harleston, Norfolk. LIST OF SU]?SCRIin:R.S 307 Can'I'on, Frank, 122 Fciu:Iiurc h Street, IvC. Capell, George, 212 High Street, Watford, Herts. Carder, John, 3 Savage (lardens, 'I'ower Hill, li.C Carew, J. E. T. O'AF., Controller's Oflice, I..P.S. Dept., ('..P.O., London, E.C. Carey, Frederick, 36 Mincing Lane, E.C. Carless, Thomas James, 7 Spring Terrace, Richmond, Surrey. Carlyon, Edmund, Polkyth, St. Austell, Cornwall. Carmichaei,, Thomas, Kenley House, Balham Hill, S.W. Cakr, William, Holly Mount, \\'il|)shire, P)lack- burn. Carr-Gomm, F. C, 31 Cadogan Square, S.\\'. Carrell, Major, Constitutional Club, Charing Cross. Carrick, James, 62 Argyle Street, Cdasgow. Carrington, S., Bookseller, 6 Crove Terrace, Netting Hill, W. Carter, Edward, Northfield, near Birmingham. Carter, Frances, Iron Gate Works, Derby. Carter, Harry, 3 Marlborough Road, Upiier HoUoway, N. Carter, He.\ry William, 21 Billiter Street, E.C. Carter, S. G., 37 Spring Gardens, S.W. Carter, Theodore, Mapperley, 56 Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, Kent. Carter, Walter, Chesnut Lodge, Hornsey Lane, N. Carthew, Mrs., 15A Kensington Palace Gardens, \V. Carthew, R. J., J. P., Woodbridge Abbey, Suffolk. Cartwright, E., 175 High Street, Dowlais. Carty, Mrs., 199A High Street, Borough, S.E. Carson Brothers (\\'. A. Hinch), 7 Grafton Street, Dublin. Carswell, John, Clincart, Scott's Lane, Short- lands, Kent. Carver, H., 28 Eversholt Street, N.\\'. Carver, Thomas Gilbert, i Brick Court, Temple, E.C. Cary-Elwes, v., F.S.A., Billing Hall, near North- ampton. Casey, Henry James, i Prospect Hill, Waltham- stow. Castelli, Charles, Loanda, West Hill, Putney, S.W. Ca.stle, Rev. Edwin, Tiie Devonshire Club, St. James's Street, W. Castle, Sydney Charles Courtenay, Newstcad, Auckland Road, Upper Norwood, Surrey. Castle, William H. B., Chancery Lane, W.C. Castleman, Roi;ert Francis Ciiari.ics, 57 High- bury Park, N. Catch ESI DE, ^\'. F, 66 Ludgatc Hill, E.C. Gates, Arthur, i 2 York Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W. Cathcart, F. H., II Ludgatc Hill, IvC. Cathie, Mrs., Riverside House, Woking, Surrey. Caton, John, 5 Shortlands Terrace, Lea Bridge Road, Leyton, E. Catt, G. H., Elm House, Spctisbury, Dorset. Cattell, C. W., Oaklands, Castle iUll, Maiden- head. ("auston, Richard K., M.P., 9 Eastcheap, E.C. Caux, William de, Clifton, Bristol. Cave, C. C, 13 Cranley Gardens, S.W. Cave, William H. M., 1 7 Erlanger Road, New Cross Gate, S.E. Cayeori), Ebenezer, 146 Leadcnhall Street, E.C. Cayley, H., The Towers, \\'oolston, Southampton. Cecil, Henry, Bregner, Bournemouth. Cecil, T. S., 6 Clive Row, Calcutta. Challenger, ^\'ILLIAM, Southery, Downham Market. Challis, a. G., Bedford House, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Challis, C. E., 9 St. Saviour's Road, Bri.xton Hill, S.W. Challis, H. W., i i Stone Jkiildings, Lincoln's Lm, W.C. Chalmers, A. F., 23 Salisbury Road, West Brighton. Chalmers, Alexander, Mountain Ash, Bronilc)-, Kent. Chalmers, Andrew, Elizabeth Villa, Forest Lane, Forest Gate, Essex. Chal.mer.s, Charles, Charlcville, 172A Romford Road, Stratford, Essex. 3o8 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Chalmers, Frederick Victor, Claughton Villa, Eastern Road, Romford, Essex. Chalmers, Patrick, Aldbar Castle, Brechin, N.B. Chamberlain, William, Stock Exchange, E.C. Chambers, Charles, 5 Victoria Street, S.W. Chambers, George, 37 Fenchurch Street, E.C. Chambers, James, 37 Fenchurch Street, E.C. Chambers, John, Sheppey House, 26 Peckham Road, Camberwell, S.E. Chambers, W. R., 47 Paternoster Row, E.C. Chambre, Alan E., Secretary's Office, General Post Office, E.C. Champnev, John E., Woodlands, Halifax. Chance, Alexander M., 28 Westfield Road, Edgbaston. Chance, J. F., Leatherhead. Chancellor, Charles, 3 Charterhouse Buildings, E.C. Chaplin, Edward, Steinthorwall 8, Hamburg. Chaplin, Wm. H., 13 Penywcrn Road, South Kensington, S.W. Chapman, A. G., Pierrepoint Lodge, Acton, A\'. Chappell, S. G., 1 1 ()uecn Street, Cheapside, E.C. Chapple, Edwin, George Street, Plymouth. Charles, Arthur E., Bank Buildings, Ludgate Circus, E.C. Charlwood, Mrs., 7 Hotliam \'illas, Putney, S.\V. Charpentier, \X. H., Portsmouth. Charterhouse Library, Godalming. Chatfield, George E., Victoria Cottage, Exmoor Road, Southampton. Chead, James Walter, 8 Mornington Terrace, Union Road, Leytonstone. Cheese, Henry Kinder, 9 Ferndale Road, Clapham, S.W. Cheesman, E. W., 85 Gresham House, E.C. Cheney, Alfred U., Cyprus Hill Lodge, Church End, Finchley, N. Cheney, George, 15 Grosvcnor Road, West- minster, S.W. Cherry, Mrs., 14 Aden Terrace, Green Lanes, Stoke Newington, N. Cheston, E. C, I Great Winchester Street, E.C. Chidell, I,. J. 'I'liKUpp, 89 New liond Struct, W. Chidlev John Robert, 22 Great Winchester Street, E.C. Chidley, W. R., Governor H.M. Prison, Canter- bury. Child, Augustus H., Park Hill, Carshalton, Surrey. Child, H. W. R., Coniston, Sidcup. Chillingworth, J. G., Torbay Hall, Torquay. s.s. " Chimborazo,' Orient Line Royal Mail Steamer; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. Chinnery, W. M., 23 Park Lane, W. Chipperfield, Thomas, 8 Newgate Street, E.C. Chippindall, C. E., Greta Tower, Ingleton. Chirm, Stanley, 9 Wheeley's Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Chitty, T. Willes, I King's Bench AValk, Temple, E.C. Chivers, Cedric, 39 Gay Street, Bath. Christian, E. B. V., 24 Lambert Road, Brixton Hill, S.W. Christie, George, Southfield Llouse, Stirling. Christie, John, 72 Mark Lane, E.C. Christopher, Thomas, jun.. Rough Down, Box- moor, Herts. Chrystal, R. S., Davenham \'illas, Urmslon, Manchester. Chumlev, John, Standard Bank of South Africa, Limited, 10 Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Church, W. S., M.D., 130 Harley Street, W. Churchill, Henry George, Marlborough House, Campamento, Gibraltar. Churchill, John, Fircroft, Shortlands, Kent. Churchward, John William, 95 Fernlea Road, Balham, S.\\'. Chvnoweih, John, 35 Holland I'ark, Notting Hill, W. City Carlton Club, St. Swithin's Lane, E.C. s.s. "City of Berlin," Fives and Allen, agents, Tnman Line, 99 Cannon Street, E.C. s.s. "City of Chicago," Eives and Allen, agents, Inman Line, 99 Cannon Street, V..C.. s.s. ''Cnv of New Vork," Eives and Allen, agents, Inman 1 .ine, 99 < 'aiinon Street, E.C. LIST OF SUliSCRIIU-.RS 309 s.s. "CiTV OF Paris," Eives and Allen, agents, Innian Line, 99 Cannon Street, E.G. Clai'ham Hi(;h Sciiooi., 63 Clapham Common. Clark, Thomas Charles, 102 Fcnchurch Street, E.C. Clark, Alfred, i Penibury Villas, Hij^li Road, Tottenham, N. Clark, Sir Andrew, Bart, M.\)., I.L.l)., F.R.S., 16 Cavendish Square, A\'. Clark, Charles E. E., 24 Iflley Road, Hammer- smith, AV. Clark, Edward Willl\m, Post Office, Lower Addiscombe Road, Croydon. Clark, George S., 34 Bridge Street, Bristol. Clark, Henry, 48 Carleton Road, Tufiiell Park, N. Clark, Leonard H., St. Brelade's, 9 Fairholt Road, Stoke Newington, N. Clark, R. Ingham, iS St. Helen's Place, E.G. Clark, Robert, Church View, Palmerston Road, W'althamstow. Clark, Robert, 41 Wilson Street, Finsbury Square, E.G. Clark, Stewart, Kilnside, Pai.sley. Clark, T. Allen, 67 Cornhill, E.G. Gi.AkK, William Thomas, 51 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G. Clarke, A. E. de Vere, The Cottage, Lansdowne Place, Upper Norwood, S.E. Clarke, Amrrose, 79 Hinton Road, Gamberwell, S.E. Clarke, Mrs. E. A., 24 Bedford Gardens, Ken- sington, W. Clarke, E. N., Gunnedah, Colnbrook, Slough. Clarke, Sir Edward, 37 Russell Square, A\".G. Clarke, J. Slatterie, Ellerslie, Wood Street, Ryde, LA\'. Clarke, James G., M.A., 13 Fleet Street, E.G. Clarke, Percy, 13 Fleet Street, E.G. Clarke, Somers, F.S.A., 15 Dean's Yard, West- minster, S.W. Clarke, Thomas, Clarendon House, Brentford, W. Clarke, W. Bruce, 46 Harley Street, W. Clarke, William, 40 Grand Parade, Cork. Clarke and Hodgson, 5 (ialiowtree Gate, Leicester. Glasens, G., 1 1 s Boulevard Haussmann, Paris. Clay, Charles, Manor House, Dc\vsl)ury, Yorks. Clayton, E. Godwin, F.G.S., F.LC, 43 and 44 Holborn Viaduct, E.G. Clayton, Edward, 20 Highcroft Villas, Brighton. Clayton, F. C, Mayor, 18 St. James's Road, Birmingham. Clayton, William Barrie, 7 r St. George's Road, S.W. Glegg, James, Penshurst, 20 Chapel Street, Manchester. Glegg, W. E., 30 Market Place, Oldham. GLEMENT.S, Henry V., 7 Mark Lane, E.G. Clementson, a. B., 73 Ghurcli Street, Kensing- ton, \y. Clementson, A. E., Egerton Gardens, S.W. Clementson, Herbert W., Walcot, Addiscombe, Croydon, Surrey. Clench, E. Pavton, i 6 FLanover Square, W. Cobham, George R., F.S.L, i and 3 Edwin Street, Gravesend. Glodd, Edward, Savile Club, 107 Piccadilly, W. Close, Charles Arthur, M.A., B.C.I., Harrow Park, Harrovv-on-the-Hill. Cloud, T. A., Glaremont Villa, Ffarvard Road, Gunnersbury. Clout, Richard, Brome House, West Mailing, Kent. Clouth, Dr. C., 12 Park Strasse, Wiesbaden, Germany. Clow, H. Au.stin, S;^ Brook Green, W. Clulow, G. a., Imaerina, Tooting Bcc Gardens, Streatham, S.\V. Clulow, Edward, The Library, Derby. Clulow, Fredk., 51 Belsize Avenue, Hampstead, N.AV. Clulow, Percy T., 51 Belsize Avenue, Hamp- stead, NAY. Cobb, A. B., 34 Great St. Helen's, E.C. Cobb, C. E., 25 Randolph Crescent, W. Cobb, Miss Mary J., 25 Randolph Crescent, W. CoBUOLD, The Rev. Prebendary, The Rectory, Ross, Herefordshire. Cobham, Charles, The Shrubbery, Gravesend. ,IO LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Cochrane, John, 291 Wcstgate Road, Ncwcastle- on-Tyne. Cochrane, Thomas Henry, 42 Winston Road, Stoke Newington, N. Cock, John, South Molton. CocKERTON, Mrs. Richard, 83 Cornwall Gardens, Queen's Gate, S.W. CocKERTON, T. Barclav, 30 Ncvern Square, Earl's Court, S.W. Cockle, Major George, 9 Bolton Gardens, S.W. COGGESIIALL, WALTER DURFEE, 1 8 Upper Philli- niore Gardens, W. Cohen, Rev. James I., Temple Chambers, Falcon Court, Fleet Street, E.G. CoLDWELL, Philip H., 17S Broadhurst Gardens, West Hampstead, N.W. Cole, Miss, 4 Charles Terrace, St. Paul's Road, Tottenham, N. Cole, Miss, 106 Sutherland Avenue, Maida Vale, W. Cole, Alexander, and Co., 7 Moorgate Street, E.G. Cole, Miss Emily, 12 Barnpark Terrace, Teign- mouth. South Devon. Cole, Miss Fanny E., 106 Sutherland Avenue, Maida Vale, W. Cole, B. G., 7 Knighton Villas, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Cole, John, 116 Queen Street, Portsea, Ports- mouth. Cole, S., Times Office, Sheerness. Cole, Thomas, Golden Lion Hotel, St. Ives, Hunts. Cole, W., 56 Gresham Street, E.G. Coi.E,AV. H. J., Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, New York. Cole, W. R., 3 Trebovir Road, Earl's Court, S.W. Cole, William H., 13 Long Lane, Aldersgate Street, E.G. Coleman, Captain Edward, M.R.C.V.S., Crofton, Tooting, S.W. Coleman, Ev?:rard Home, F.R.A.S, F.R.G.S., etc., 7 I Brccknoc:k Road, Camden Road, N. CoLENSO, William, 4 Clarence Terrace, Penzance. Coles, Edward C. F., Wintcrbourne, Barnes, S.W. Coles, T. Horsman, 76WesthourneTerrace, Hyde Park. Collard, William, 5 Rusham Road, Balham, S.AV. CoLLES, W. Morris, 15 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C Collier, E. P., Westgrove, Reading. Collier, Edwin W., Murtee, Middle Lane, Crouch End, N. Collier, R. Morris, Muttusmoor, St. Nicholas Road, Upper Tooting, S.W. Collin, P. de E., Brooklands, near Maryport. Collin, W. Henry, 132 King Edward Road, Hackney. Collingridge, W., M.A., M.D., LL.M., 65 Tres- sillian Road, St. John's, S.E. Coi.LiNGS, Edward J., Mawdsley Street School, Bolton. CoLLiNGS, J., Glenlyon, Stevenage, Herts. CoLLiNGWOOD, WiM. H., The Limes, Epsom, Surrey, and 148 Strand, W.C. Collins, F., Fulford, York. Collins, Philip George, 6 Bedford Row, W.C. Collins, William, Victoria Works, Harlesden, N.AV. CoLLiNSON, H., Netherbrook, Netlier Street, Church End, Finchley, N. Coils, \\'illiam A., 44 The Avenue, Gipsy Hill, S.E. Collyer, Henry, 40 Lancaster Gate, W. CoLMAN, Gerald C, 4 Raymond Buildings, Gray's Inn, W.C. CoLMAN, Jere.miah, Gatton Park, Surrey. CoLMAN, Jeremiah James, Carrow House, Norwich. CoLPOYS, William, Riverbank, Hampton AA'ick, Middlesex. Colvile, Eden, 42 Beaufort Gardens, Brompton Road, S.W. CoLViLL-ScOTT, H. D., Brookwood. CoLviLLE, Colonel the Hon. W. J., 47 Chester Square, S.W. (^ompridge, a. J., and Co., 19 Esplanade Road, Bombay. Combridge, a. J., and Co., 31 Newgate Street, E.C. CoMPRiDGE, S., 5 Leoiiold Road, Brighton. CoMPTON, Henry, The Grange, Harold Wood, Essex. CoMPTON, William J., Sutton Court, Chiswick, \\ . CoNDER, Edward, New Court, Colwall, Hereford- shire. LIST ()!• SU15SCRIlii:R.S 311 CoNUiCT, |. iM.i.ior, San l''rancisco, California, U.S.A. CoNNELL, Wn.i.i.\M Georgk, 83 Clicapsidc, E.G. CoNOLLV, Wi I.I. I AM, Ravensbournc, I^nvrie Park, Sydenham, S.E. Constable, Ci.ii-ford, 46 Carlton Hill, St. John's Wood, N.W. Constance, Herbert K., 114 Ix-adcnhal! Street, E.C. Cook, James Wm., Wentworth House, Hollybush Hill, Snaresbrook, Essex. Cook, John \\'., 40 (Queen's Head Street, Isling- ton, N. Cook, Robert J., Old Charlton, Kent. Cook, Walter Ivimev, 4Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C. Cook, \\'vndham F., St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C. Cook and Son, 80 Market Street, St. Andrews, N.B. Cooke, A. M., 33 Ashburton Road, Croydon. Cooke, Alfred, Leeiis. Cooke, Samuel, City Liberal Club, U'albrook, E.C. Cooke, Rev. Canon W., F.S.A., 6 Clifton Place, Sussex Square, W. Cooke, William George, A.R.I. B..\., Spencer Hill, Wimbledon, S.W. Cookes, Thomas S., 32 Cornhill, E.C. COOKSEY, H. J., 125 High Street, Southampton. Coombs, Alderman Jame.s, M.D., J. P., Bedford. Cooper, Mrs., Leicester House, Belle Vue Road, Southampton. Cooper, Sir Daniel, Bart., G.C.M.G., etc., 6 De Vera Gardens, Kensington Palace, W. Cooper, Daniel, Warren Tower, Newmarket. Cooper, Frederic, Birdhyrst, Auckland R(jad, Norwood, S.E. Cooper, Henry Ernest, Lynton Villa, 5 6a Tufnell Park Road, N. Cooper, J. M., 8 and 9 Great Pulteney Street, W. Cooper, John H., Evington Hall, Leicestershire. Cooper, John Thompson, Cregg, Nightingale Lane, S.W. Cooper, Thomas, Brandon Villa, Station Road, New Barnet, N. Cooper, W. R., Grimsbury, Banbury. Cooper, \\'ii.i.iam, Northhournc, llaiton Park, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire. Copeland, Major, Bridewell Royal Hospital, lil.C. Copland, \\"ii.i.iam Robertson, 20 Sandyford Place, Glasgow. Coi'LEV, George, i George Street, Tower Hill, E.C. CoRiiEiT, John, J. 11. II., luiimey, Droitwich. CoRi'.ouLD, Dr., Shaldon, 'I'eignmouth. Corcoran, Brvan, 9 Ahvyne S(iuare, Canonbury, N. CoRDER, I''rkderick, 2 Marlborough \'illas, Rich- mond Hill, S.W. CoRDER, \V. J., 3 Aldermanbury Avenue, E.C. CoRKE, Miss A. R., 192 Queen's Road, Pcckham, S.E. Cornell, A. W., 4 Kirkdale Road, Leytonstone, Essex. Cornell, E., Windhill, Bishop's StortU)rd. Cornell, J. J., 34 Old Broad Street, E.C. Cornell, William, Redclyffe, Streatham Park, S.W. Cornet, James, 55 Church Street, Inverness. Cornish Bros., 37 New Street, Birmingham. Cornish, J. E., 16 St. Ann's Square, Manchester. Cornish, Rev. J. F., 1 1 Carlyle Mansions, Cheyne Walk, S.W. Cornish, James, and Sons, 297 High Holborn, ^v.c. Cornish, Mrs. M. A., 2 Richmond Terrace, Bear Street, Barnstaple. CORNOCK, Miss Elizabeth, Wigmore House, Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Cornwall, Rev. Alan Kingscote, Ashcroft, Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire. CoKRiE, Aliued Wynne, 35 Grosvenor Square, W. CoRkv, Thomas CharlesSteuart, M.I ).,!.. R.C. P., M.R.C.S.Eng., Ormean Terrace, Belfast. CoRRY, William, F. C. S., Chatsworth, Belfast. Cory, Miss, 1 3 Cottesmore Gardens, Kensington, W. CosBURN, George J., Market Place, Newbury. Cotes, Merton Russell, Royal Bath Hotel, Bournemouth. 312 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS CoTTEKELL-Tupp, Alired, F.S.S., Bengal Civil Service (ret.), 17 Devonshire Terrace, Lancaster Gate. Cotton, C. F., 5 Pyrland Road, Canonbury, N. Cotton, Rev. H. Aldrich, The Cloisters, A\'estniinster Abbey, S.W. Cotton, William H., Brooklyn, New York. Count, F. W., Market Place, East Dereham. CouPL.^iND, Sidney, M.D., 16 Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square, W. COURTEN.AY, Miss L. B., 34 Brompton Sijuare, S.W. Courtney, Edward, Alveston House, 159 Herbert Road, Woolwich. Courtney, Edward M., 33 Collingham Place, S.W. Courtney, Right Hon. Leonard, M.P., 15 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, S.W. CousENS, Charles Hughes, 7 Stajile Inn, \V.C. Coventry, C, Lower Tottenham, N. Coventry, Edward, i Corn Exchange Chambers, Seething Lane, E.C. Cowan, Mrs., Park Lodge, Teddington, Middlesex. CowELL, James, 56 St. James's Street, Burnley. CowELL, W. S., The Poplars, Ipswich. CowELL, Wii.i.i.\M, I Orchard Place, Caldervale Road, Burnley. CowEN, Cecil Gordon, Redhill, Surrey. Cower, G. E., i Tavistock Street, Bedford Square, W.C. Cowing, Mrs. G. W., Barnet. Cowing, Miss Jane, High Barnet. Cowland, Jdiin Andrew, 22 Theobald's Road, Gray's Inn, W.C Cox, Mrs., Manor House, Bcaminstcr, Dorset. Cox, Imiward Hanslope, 102 Chancery Lane, W.C. Cox, Edward \V., ii Gayton Crescent, I lamp- stead, N.W. Cox, I''kei)ERick, The Mount, Ncwcjuay, Corn- wall. • Cox, Fred., i 1 liarllctt's Buildings, Holborn Circus, E.C. Cox, John Ed.mund, 13 Cooper's Row, Mark Lane, EC. Craig, C. T., i 1 6 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. Craig, George Black, Rosehill, Willington-on- Tyne. Craik, E. J., 26 Blessington Road, Lee, Kent. Cranerook, Viscount, 1 7 Grosvenor Crescent, S.W. Crane, H. L., 7 Romberg Road, Tooting, S.W. C'r.\uford, Robert, Dartmouth. Craven, George Popple, 3 Great St. Helen's, E.C, and Lloyd's. Crawford, J. A., Oriental Club, Hanover Square, W. Crawhall, John B., Constitutional Club, Northumberland Avenue, 'W.C. Crawhall, Joseph, 21 Castle Bar Road, Ealing, W. Crawley-Boevey, James Henry, 25 West Crom- well Road, Kensington, S.W. Crawshaw, C Brooke, Dewsbury. Crawshaw, E., F.R.G.S., F.R.M.S., So Fann Street, Aldersgate Street, E.C. CJ-iAWSHAY, Rose Mary. Cregoe, John P., 7 Tehidy Terrace, Falmouth. Cremer, Joseph, Dortmund, Germany. Cresswell, Richard, 16 Barkston Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Crickmay, J. H., 30 Knightrider Street, E.C. Cripps, Mrs. J. M., Elmcote, Eastbourne. Crisp, H. B., Saxmundham. Crispe, Mrs. James, Letherhead, Surrey. Crocker, Jonathan, Friday Street, E.C. Crockett and Co., 22 Leinster Terrace, Lan- caster Gate, W. Croix, Madame la, I.ymington. Croker, Henry S., 10 Ralhbone Place, W. Croker, T. V. Dillon, 49 Upper Bedford Place, Russell Square, W.C, and Garrick Club. Crompton, Mrs. E. Gi-.ktrudf. Thriplands, Kensington Court, W. Cronchia-, WAi.rEK I.awrknck, 136 Queen Mctoria Street, E.C. Crookenden, Isaac Adolphus, Marlborough House, Blackheath, S.E. Crosdale, a., Banavic, Beckenliam. Kent. LIST OF SrnSCRIHI-.RS 313 Ckosland, Delevante William, Dainley House, Royal Crescent, Notting Hill, W. Croslegu, Rev. Charles, D.D., Scaitclirie, Englc- field Green, Surrey. Cross, James, Weston-super-Mare. Cross, John Neville, Fernclough, Bolton. Cross, William Mann, i Change Alley, Lom- bard Street, B.C. Crosse, Col., 38 Grosvenor Gardens, S.W. Crosslev, James, 19 Union Street, Halifox. Crouch, Edward, Homeleigh, Cecile Park, Crouch End, Hornsey, N. Crow, John O., Chelmsford Road, Woodford. Crowdv, George F., The Grove, Faringdon, Berks. Crowle, Percival H. S., 36 Philliniore Gardens, Kensington, W. Crowley, Frederick, .Ashdell, Alton, Hants. Ckowthkr, Joseph, 192 Fleet Street, E.C., and Enfield. Crowther, Joseph Charles, 61 Oakfield Ro;ul, Stroud Green, N. Croxi'ori), Charles Howis, Ivy IJene, Brent- ford, Middlesex. Crump, James, 46 and 47 Cheapside, E.C. CuiiisON, A. E., 15 King Street, Cheapside, li.C. Cue, Tho.mas Embleton, 276 Central Market, E.C. CuLLiNGFORD, W. H., 1 98 CtomwcU Road, South Kensington, S.AV. CuMES, George, F.R.G.S., Huntingdon Hou.se School, Teddington. CuMMiNcs, W. H., F.S.A., Sydcote, A\'est Duhvich, S.E. CuNDELL, Miss Ada Pearson, 3 Notting Hill Grove, Campden Hill, W. CuNLiFFE, W. J., 16 Byrom Street, Manchester. Cunningham, R. H., 65 Huntley Street, Totten- ham Court Road, W. Curling, George, and Co., 30 St, Mary A.xe, E.C. Currie, Miss, 4 Elvaston Place, Queen's Gate. CuRTi, Oscar, 48 Bread Street, E.C. Curtis, Edward Constable, 15 Cranley Place, S.W. Curtis, Mrs. Va.i/.m-.kmi, 172 Malpas Road, Brockley, S.E. Curtis, Harry John, 172 Malpas Road, ]5rock- ley, S.E. Curtis, James, 65 l-Vnchurcii Street, E.C. Curtis, Spencer H., Totteridge House, Herts. Curtis, T. S., 20 Ridge Road, Hornsey, N. CuRWEN, Edward S., 19 'Change Alley, Cornhill, E.C. CuRWEN, Spedding, Plaistow, E. Cu.sT, Miss, 20 Tlunloe Place, South Kensington, S.\\'. CusTANci:, Henry N., Secretary, Hospital Sunday Fund, Mansion House, and 18 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. CuTiMLL, Edward, 32 Cornhill, E.C. CuTiiiLL, Fredk. T., Downswood, BeckcnlianL Cutler, G. O., F.R.S.I., 'I'hc Pines, Torquay. Cutler, George B., Westcombe Park, Blacklieath. Cuttriss, Henry Kyuert, Acorn, Nicholas Passage, Lombard Street, E.C. s.s. "Cuzco," Orient Line Royal Mail Steamer; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. Dadswell, Deputy F., C.C. 51 Bishopsgate Street Without, E.C. Dalbiac, C. W., Swandean, Kent. Daldv, a. FL, 294 City Road, E.C. Dale, James, 44 King Street, Aberdeen. Dale, John, 296 Stretford Road, Manchester. Dale, John, and Co., 17 Bridge Street, Bradford, Yorks. Dale, Thomas R., i 1 Elder Street, Edinburgh. Dalli.more, W. H., 48 Gellaily Road, Nuniiead, S.E. Dalton, James Neale, Queen's School, Sydney, New South Wales. Dalton, Rev. Canon John Neale, CM. G., F.S..\., The Cloisters, Windsor Castle. Dalziel, George, Wooler Flouse, Greenhill Road, Hampstead, N.W. DANin-, T. W., I \Vestbourne Terrace Road, \\'. Dancer, Mrs., 21 Gordon Road, Ealing, W. 314 LIST OF SUBSCRIHI':RS Dando, Waltkr p., Royal English Opera, Cam- bridge Circus, Shaftesbury Avenue, W'.C. S.S. " Dank," Union Line Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and East African Royal Mail Steamer; Offices, South African House, 94-96 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G. Lamei., Miss Eleanok, 107 Eaton Square, S.W. Daniel, W. T., 88 Lower Leeson Street, Dublin. Danson, Grasmere. Danvers, Alan, Lisbon. Dari'.v, A\'illl\.m, High Street, Ipswich. Dare, George, Devonshire Villas, 94 Sydenham Road, North Croydon. Darker, Alfred, 6 Sansom Street, Camberwell, S.E. Darrington, William Arthur, 258 Central Poultry Markets, Smithfield, E.C. Darter Brothers and Walton, Cape 'I'own. Dash WOOD, Mrs., 15 Thirlmere Road, Streatham, S.W. Dashwood, Arthur, 29 St. Swithin's Lane, E.C. Dashwood, RLs. George L, 39 Bryanston Square, ^v. Dashwood, M. G., i Fleet Street, E.C. Dashwood, M. G., 39 Bryanston Scjuave, W. Daunt, T. 'P., Valletort Place, Stoke, Devonport. Davev, Mrs. E., 7 Bucklersbury, E.C. Davey, James, and Co., 114 London ^\'all, E.C. Davidge, Percy G., North-holme, New Southgate, N. Davidson, Arthur Charles, 28 I'rinces Square, W. Davidson, Duncan, Ford House, Dagenliam, Essex. D.wiDSON, Rohkrt, 18 Alfred Place West, South Kensington, S.W. Davies, C. J., 109 Weston Street, Bermondsey, S.E. Daviics, Jamics, Abbey Church Vartl, I'.aili. Davies, Lieut. -Colonel jAsna-: G. S., R.E., Brackcnhoe, Marton, Middlesbrough. Davies, John, 5 lMnh;bury Scpiare, IvC. Davies, Rohert H., 06 Queen's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Davies, Rochiokt, India. l^AViES, Samuel, 141 ISrayard Road, Peckham, S.]v Davies, William Henry, 51 Tregunter Road, West Brompton, S.W., and 17 and 18 Cornhill, E.C. Davis, Alered A., 27 Castletown Road, West Kensington, W. Davis, Alfred B., High Street, Epping. Davis, Alfred B., Market Place, Epping. Davis, Charles, 5 i Whitehorse Road, Croydon. Davis, D. Ffrench, Iquique. Davis, Frederick, Castle Printing Works, Bristol. Davis, Harry, 95 Cranfield Road, Brockley, S.E. Davis, Joseph, 95 Tabley Road, Hollowa.y, N. Davis, Murray, 18 ^^'impole Street, Cavendish Square, W. Davis, Orlando J. H., 5 Tothill Avenue, Ply- mouth. Davis, P., and Sons, 24 Longmarket Street, Maritzburg, Natal, South Africa. Davis, Mrs. R. J., 47 Farringdon Street, E.C. Davis, Reuben Robert, Ganges House, East Blatchington, Seaford, Sussex. Davis, W. E,, 4 Strathblaine Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W. Davis, W. H., AVinchester House, Old Broad Street, E.C. Davis and Soper, Bury Street, St. Mary Axe, E.C. Davison, George, 51 Fore Street, E.C. Davy, A. J., Abbeyfield, Torquay. Davy, Charles H., 137 Long Acre, A\'.C. P)awes, E. D., 32 Charleville Road, West Kensing- ton, W. Dawkes, Mrs., Northwude, 'J'ruro Road, Wood Green, N. Dawklns, Mrs. Clinton, 60 Pont Street, S.\\'. Dawnay, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. L. l\, M.I'., 51 Charles Street, Berkeley Square, W. Dawney, William, 125 Bethune Road, Stamford Hill, N. Dawson, A. G., 14 Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, E.C. Dawson, H. J., 32 Fvering Road, Stoke Newing- ton, N. Dawson and Sons, i 2 i Cannon Street, E.C. Day, Edward, 183 Highbury Hill, N. Day, Frank, 4 Eveiing Road, Stoke Newington, N. LIST OF SUnSCRHU'.RS 3>5 Day, PTknuv, 12 Whiteliall I'lacc, S.W. Dav, John' '1"., 30 Finsbury I'avement, 10. (^ Day, Jdsf.I'h, l.ambrook House, Glastonbury. Deacon, Percy, ii Woodvale, Lordship Lane, S.E. Dead.man, H. E., I The Parade, H.M. Dockyard, Portsmouth. Demy, Thomas Kirkman, Victoria College, Hong- Kong, China. Dean, G. A. H., 160A Pleet Street, E.G. Dean, S., Newport, Monmouth. Dear, C. S., St. Andrew House, (.'hange Alley, C^ornhill, E.G. Dearberg, J. W., 165 EYering Road, Stoke Newington, N. DEBENHA^r, F., 26 Upper Hamilton Terrace, N.W. Dee, Jo.seph, 41 Portman Street, Whalley Range, Manchester. Deed, Alfred, 91 New Oxford Street, W'.C. Deed, Rev. J. G., Arundel House, \'ictoria Embankment, E.G. Deed, John Simpkin, 147 Finchley Road, N.\\'. Deic.hton, Howard, 15 W'ickham (hardens, Brockley, Kent. Deighton, Bell, and Co., Cambridge. Delcomyn, T. a., Feldheim, "Wimbledon Common, S.A\'. Denham, James G., 27 CasUe Terrace, Edinburgh. Denison, Samuel, M.LM.E., Nordi Street, Leeds. DEN^L\N, Arthur, 29 Tedworth Sciuare, Chelsea, S.W. Dennes Brothers, Wellingborough. Dennis, Miss Eveline, 51 Hamilton Gardens, N.W. Dennis, John, Gainsborough Gardens, Hamp- stead, N.W. Dennison, Thomas, High Street North, East Ham, Essex. Denniston, John T., 45 New Broad Street, E.G. Denny, Alfred, 304 Strand, W.G. Denny, Fr.\nk A., 304 Strand, W.G. Densham, Edward, i i Philpot Lane, E.C. Dent, Alfred R. T., Le Mars, Iowa, U.S.A. Dent, The Lady Beaujolois, 20 Thurloe Square, S.W. Dent, John, S l''itzroy Square, \V. Dent, I,. W., West End House, Pinner. Derby, James Thos., 62 White Horse Street, Ratcliff. Dever, Henry, Cluulleigli House, 178 Cromwell Road, S.\V. Dewar, Mrs., .Mva Cottage, .'\rgyle Road, Ryde, Isle of Wight. Dew-ick, Alfred, 4 Eastcheap, E.G. Desborough, Laurence, 18 Finsbury Pavement, i:.c. Dick Ci.ia. AND, A. B., 15 Newton Place, Glasgow. Dick, Robert \V., New Cross, Hamilton. DiCKiNS, Chas. J., Arkindale, Putney Hill, S.W. Dickinson, John, and Co., Limited, 65 Old Bailey, FIG. Dicks, James, i Pittville Villas, Cheltenham. DiGBY and Long, 18 Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Diggens, J. G. A., 8 Vercker Road, West Ken- sington, W. Dillon, Viscount, Ditchley Park, Charlbury, O.xon. Dimsdale, John, jo Cornhill, E.C. Di.msdale, Joseph C, 3 Lancaster Street, Hyde Park, W. OixHAM, Herbert H., Blencathara, Stapleton Hall Road, Crouch Hill, N. Ditton, a. G., Mansion House Chambers, 1 1 (Jueen Victoria Street, E.C. Dix, W. J., Newport, Monmouth. Dixon, Miss, 7 Lauderdale Road, Maida \'ale, W. Dixon, Miss, 143 Shooter's Hill Road, Blackheatli, S.E. Dixon, George, 189 Seven Sisters Road, Finsbury Park, N. Dixon, J., Inland Branch, General Post Office, E.G. Dixon, Samuel, 24 Grutched Friars, E.C. Dixon, T. Parker, 13 Gray's Inn Square, W.G. Dixox-Hartland, Frederick D., M.P., 14 Ghesham Place, S.W. Docker, Alfred, 8 Clifford's Inn, E.C. Dodgson, General D. S., C.B., The Elms, Spring Grove, Islcworth. 3i6 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS DoDiNfiTOX, John Stuart, 8 Gladstone Terrace, (Ireen Lanes, Wood Green, N. DODSON, R. Ball, 6 Denmark Terrace, Brighton, Sussex. DODSWORTH, F. and \\'., Newcastle-on-Tyne. DOESSEKKER, H., 48 Boulevard de Magenta, Paris. DOGGETT, WiLLLAM C, A.C.A., 48 Holborn Via- duct, E.G. Dolhy, George V., High Street, Uppingham. DOLTON, P. W., Rock House, 49 Lee Road, Blackheath. Don, W. G., M.I)., 52 Caufield Gardens, West Hampstead, N.W. Donald, J. Stirling, 243 Cromwell Road, S.W. DoNNisoN, John, and Son, 20 Wormwood Street, E.G. Donovan, John Rowland, 18 Portland Villas, Plymouth. DooLEY, Henry, 22 Lower Hillgate, Stockport. DoRE, Samuel Lammas, \\'hitehall, Hornsey Lane, Highgate, N. Dovaston, Freeman, 5 George Street, Euston Square, N.W. DouBBLE, Henry T, 14 Serjeants' Lin, Temple, E.G. Douglas, Miss Kate Percy, 221 East 39th Street, New York. Douglas and Foulis, 9 Castle Street, Edinburgh. DouLTON, Henry, Lambeth. Doux, Carl le, Cand Chem., Hasenstrasse 3/0, Munich, Bavaria. Doux, (;u.sTAV K. LE, East INIolesey, Surrey. Doux, Richard le, Marlfield, West Derby, Liverpool. Dovaston, Dr. Mii.ward E., 81 Queen's Crescent, N.^V. Ddvk, Horace S., 4 Tokenhousc Buildings, E.G. Dowai.l, Wii.MAM P., Lochce, N.l!. DowKER, Miss Im.linor, 8 Pierrcpoint Roatl, Springfield Park, Acton, W. DowNEU, William J., 12 A\'hitehall Place, S.W. Downinc;, NVili.iam, Chaucer's Head Library, BirminghauL Dowsing, H. J., The (Jedars, Manor Park, F^ssex. DowsLAND, Miss, Cleveland House, Brondesbury. Drake, J., Sefton House, Dennington Park, West Hampstead, N.W. Drake, R. Ingalton, Eton. Drake, Sir William R., 12 Princes Gardens, S.W. Drapers' Company, The, Drapers' Hall, E.G. DR.A.VTON, S., and Sons, 201 High Street, Exeter. Dredge, Edward, 32 Angel Road, Hammersmith, Drennan, William, Kilmarnock. Drew, Lewis H., 31 Newstead Road, Lee, S.E. Driver, Charles William, 153 Sutherland Avenue, W. Drowley, John, ii Ludgate Hill, E.G. Drummond, J. G., 34 Great St. Helen's, E.G. Drummond, Lionel, 49 Charing Cross, S.W. Drury, Hal, Hackington, Canterbury. Drvdkx, a. C, Sunny Side, Lovelace Road, Surbiton. Drysdale, Messrs., Montreal. Dubery, F., 3 Nightingale Villas, Wood Green, N. DuDiN, James, Roseneath, Chase Green Avenue, Enfield. Dudley, Mrs. Ellen, Townsend Lodge, Kingswin- ford, Staffordshire. Dudley, Fred., F.R.LB.A., Oakcroft, King Charles's Road, Surbiton Hill. Duff, Mrs. Norwich, 14 Eaton Square, S.W. DuM.\s, Henry J. P., 7 The Cedars, Clapham Common, S.W. Duncan, David Robertson, 1S6 Fleet Street. E.G. Duncan, John, 42 Park Place, Cardiff. Duncan, \\'. A., Glendargal, Torquay. Dunham, William, 24 ALark Lane, E.G. DuNiNGTON, Mr.s. A. W., Bcaconsfield, Worcester Park, Surrey. DuNKEKi.i'.\-, ^^'. A., Detroit Free Pnss, 310 Strand, W.C. DuNKiN, iMiwiN, F.R.S., Kenwyn, 27 Kidbrooke Park Road, Blackheath, S.l-:. Dunn, Eiiwai;i> Norman, 69 The Drive, West P.righton. Dunn, John 1-'., 23 Ludgate Hill, IvC. Dunn, William, 22 St. John's Park, I'.l.u khealli, S.K. LIST OF SUHSCRIRI'.RS 2,^7 Dunn, Wh.i.iam RF.NDia.i., 32 St. Mary's Road, Peckham, S.1'1 DuNNETT, Robert W., Eelgrave Mouse, Spenser Road, Heme Hill. DuNSFORD, George Lichig.\r.\v, 17 \\'onford Road, Mount Radford, Exeter. Durham, Arthur E., 82 Brook Street, Grosvenor Siiuare, W. Durrant, Edmund, and Co., 90 High Street, Chelmsford. Durst, M. H., Wheatland, California, U.S.A. Dyce, T- Stirling, F.S.A., 157 Victoria Street, S.W. Dymock, Rev. John, Kemnay, Aberdeen. Dyson, Arthur Kaye, Lee House, Sale, Cheshire. Dyson, Charles E., Flint, North Wales. Dyster, Arthur E., Maldon Villas, Manor Park, Esse.x. Eadie, Archibald, 56 Cook Street, Glasgow. Eady, C. Swinfen, LL.D., it New Square, Lincoln's Lin, A\'.C. Eagles, \. Lind, 51 Approach Road, Victoria Park, E. Fames, Comyns, LL.B., Portland House, Basing- hall Street, E.C. Earle-Lkigh, William, Nower Lodge, ^^'oodcote Road, Wallington, Surrey. East, Robert, Victoria Grove, Southsea. Eaton, Thomas, 29 Hartington Street, Derby. Ebbs, Alfred B., Northumberland y\lley. Fen- church Street, E.C. Ebbs, Sydney, Northumberland Alley, Fenchurch Street, E.C. Ebsworth, Joseph Woodfall, M.A., F.S.A., Vicar of Molash, Kent, Molasli Vicarage, Ashford, Kent. Eckford, James, 15 Battersea Rise, S.W. Ede, Mrs. Charles, Edencroft, Bramley, Guildford. Eden, Charles H., i6 Warwick Square, S.W. Eden, W. G., Grimsby. Eden, W. J., Grimsby. Edgcumbe, E. R. Pearce, Somerleigh Court, Dorchester. Edgcumbe, Pearce, Somerleigh Court, Dorchester. Edgk, IL'.nry K., Rose Bank, Mattock Lane, Ealing, W. Fu.mondson, Thomas, 42 Avenue Road, N.W. Educational Department, Co-operative Society, Bolton. ICiiWARiiKs, Aliki;!) William, Pier Road, Erilh, Kent. Edwards, C. M., Norfolk Villa, St. James's Road, Croydon. Edwards, Francis, 83 High Street, Marylcbone, W. Edwards, Colonel G. R., Ness Strange, Shrews- bury. Edwards, George Canning, C.C, J. P., 27 Mincing Lane, E.C. Edwards, James D., St. John's, Iver Heath, near Uxbridge. Edwards, Thomas, 57 Moorgate Street, E.C. Eggington and Brown, Bird Street, Lichfield. EicHBERG, Samuel, 28 Ely Place, E.C. Eisenmann, J., 14 Aldermanbury Avenue, E.C. Fives and Allen, 99 Cannon Street, E.C. Eland, George F., 17 Onslow Square, S.W. POLAND, Henry S., Exeter. Elder, Mrs. A. Lang, Campden House, W. Elder, Frederick, 21 Cleveland Gardens, Hyde Park, W. Eldrid, Edward Henry, Ellerslie, The Grove, Sydenham, S.E. Eldridge, Walter Francis, 10 Great James' Street, Bedford Row, \V.C. Elliot, Andrew, i 7 Princes Street, Edinburgh. Elliot, A. Graham, Philadelphia, U.S.A. Elliot, Chas. W., 10 lUish Lane, E.C. Elliott, P., 5 \\'est Street, l''insbury Circus, E.C. Ellis, Miss, King's Road, Claiiham Park, S.W. Ellis, Alexander J., Litt.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., 21 Auriol Road, West Kensington, W. Ellis, George, 8 Downe Terrace, Richmond I lill, Surrey. Ellis, Godfrey W. TL, Summcrsbury, Shalford, Guildford. PJ.Lis, John, i Market Place, Burton-on-Trent. Ellis, JfisEPii, Monks, Balcombe, Sussex. 318 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Ellis, Thomas, H., Noimanhurst, Addison Gardens, Kensington, W. Ellis, W. B., ioo Rye Hill, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Ellis, Sir Whittaker, Bart, M.P., 29 Fleet Street, E.G. Elsden, J. Vincent, B.Sc, F.C.S., Burton Lodge, Storrington, Pulborougli, Sussex. Elsley, Mrs. Emily, i i Angel Gourt, Throg- morton Street, E.G. Elslev, Thomas, 32 Clreat Portland Street, ^\^ Elvin, Charles Norton, M.A., Eckling Grange, East Dereham. Elwen, William, Glarkson Road, Wisbech. Elwes, Gaptain '\\'ixdsor Gary, Plas Newydd, Llanfairpwll. Emanuel, Barrow, iM.A., 2 Finsbury Gircus, E.G. Emanuel, Gharles, B.A., 91 Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, \Y. Emanuel, Walter L., 91 Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, W. Embling, Matthew, 30 Preston Street, Brighton. Emery, Frederic W., 153 Gloucester Road, S.W. Emmens, G., Holmbush House, Gallington, Gorn- wall. Empson, G. W., 3 Gleveland Gardens, Hyde Park, \V. Endean, William, 8 Stratton Terrace, Falmouth. Engall, John Anthony, Staines. England, J. A., 134 Ferndale Road, Clapham, S.W. English, C. W., 69 Ghancery Lane, W.C. Enoch Pratt Lihrary, Baltimore. Erhardt, H., 9 and 10 Bond Gourt, Walbrook, E.G. Erlebach, Eustace, Eastcheap Buildings, E.G. Erskink, John, Bridgeof-Allan. EsLER, Robert, M.D., 4 Queen's Road, Peckham, S.E. Essen, J. van, 55 ami 56 Threadncedle Street, E.G. Estcourt, ;\i.p.kri, Hampden House, Gloucester. Estcoukt, Rowland, Gayton, Northampton. F.VANS, E. \'incent. Secretary to the Hon. Society of Gymmrodorion, 27 Alwyne Road, N. Evans, Frank, Langley Burrell, Ghippenham. Evans, Fred. H., 58 Osbaldeston Road, Stam- ford Hill, N. Evans, George, ioS Gheapside, E.G. Evans, George Harriman, 8 Algernon Road, Kilburn, N.W. Evans, Mrs. J. Hilditch, Bryn Issa, Pershore. Evans, Dr. John, F.R.S., etc., Heme! Hempstead. Evans, H., 19 St. Swithin's Lane, E.G. Evans, T. J., Glyncelyn, Brecon, South Wales. Evans, Thomas, 54 Gamden Square, N.W. Evans, W. Herbert, Forde Abbey, Ghard. Everett, S. G. H., Langham House, Wallington, Surrey. Everett, W. H., and Son, 13A Salisbury Square, Fleet Street, E.G. Evershed, A. Reginald F., Rosslyn Hill, Hamp- stead, N.W. Ewart, Miss, 68 Albert ILall Mansions, S.AV. Ewart, Miss Margaret, Broadleas, Devizes, ^Viltshire. Eyre, The Hon. Mrs. H., 10 Berkeley Square, ^\^ Eyre, John J., Glifden House, 115 Earlham Grove, Forest Gate, Essex. Eyre, A\'alter B., 19 Binden Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. Eyre and Spottiswoode, East Harding Street, E.G. Fabeck, W. F. de, M.D. Fabian, Mrs., 2 Grove Gottages, Ghurch End, F'inchley, N. Faehse, R. a., 10 Coleman Street, E.G. Fagan, Charles E., Natmal History Department of the Ihitish Museum, South Kensington, S.W. Fairhead, Win lAM, 82 Long Lane, \\'cst Smith- field, E.G. Falconer, G. M., 5 \'ie\vfonh Street, Dundee. Faning, G. 1!., 137 Graham Road, Hackney, N.E. Farlow, J. Kim;. 1 iS Gannon Street, IvG. LIST OF Sl'HSCRIHKRS 319 Farmer, Chari.es, 5 Cioldsinith Sircct, Wood Street, E.C. FiECEiiEN, J. G., Stafford Lodge, Ampthill Road, Bedford. Far.mek, Charles Bartholomew, 164 Fulha.n 1 Fill:., Aurail^m, Wilton I louse, Cliepslow Rise, Road, South Kensington, S.W East Croydon. 1''ak-Mer, Frederick, Colville House, Beckenliani. I'ielh, Frederick, 3 Bucklersbury, E.C. Farmer and Sons, i luhvardes Terrace, Kensing- ton. Far.mer and Sons, Young's Library, 36 Kensing- ton High Street. Farndell, J. Rout, 60 Lavender Crove, Dal- ston, N.E. Farrants, Mrs. H. N., Great Barton, Bury St. Edmunds. Farkar, F. a., Sandhurst, Melbourne, Australia. Farrer, T. C, 47 ])uke Street, St. James's, S.W. Farrixgto.n', George H., 31 Walling Street, E.C. Faulkner, J. H., 50 Newgate Street, and 36 Clieapside, E.C. F.uvx, James, and Son, Queen's Road, Bristol. Fe.-\, John P., Montagu House, West Hartlepool, Durham. Feenv, A'lCTOR L, ^LI.Mech.E., 7 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. Fenny, Mrs. Emma, Ashley House, Ellham Road, Lee, Kent, S.E. Fennell, R. T, 134 Fenchurch Street, E.C. Fenner, T. R,, Calton House, Honor Oak Road, Forest Hill, S.E. Fenning, Mrs. W. W., Ravensbury, 9 Park Hill, Clapham, S.W. Fentem, ^L\RK, J. P., Beechwood, Stalybridge. Fenton, James, Caxton \'illa, Clapham, S.W. Ferguson, Robert, 31 Coleherne Road, S.W. Ferlin, Mr. Oscar, 6 Vasagatan, Stockholm, Sweden. Fermor, Herbert, 15 Ansdell Road, Nunhead, S.E. Fernlev, James, Public Library, Stoke Newington, N. Ferrier, Jo'riN Scott, 30 St. ALiry Street, Edin- burgh. Fickling, William, St. Peter's College, Peter- borough. Fiddes, AVillia.m, 58 Nightingale Road, Clapton, N.E. I'lELD, Frederick, Burnham House, St. Mary's Road, Peckham, S.E. P'lELD, Leonard. Field, R. A., Peakman Street, Redditch. FiLLiTKR, Freeland, St. IVLutin's House, Ware- ham, Dorsetshire. Firth, James F., 6 The Green, Richmond, Surrey. l>"isH, Charle.s, 13 Queen's Gate, South Kensington, S.W. Fisher, Eden, 3 ^L^itla^d Place, Clapton, N.E. Fisher, Edward, .\bhotsbury, Newton Abbot, South Devon. Fisher, Frank, 'I'he Prairie, Addlestone, Surrey. Fisher, Frederick, 12 and 13 Botolph Lane, E.C. Fisher, Mr. Deputy George, 150 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Fisher, Samuel T., The Grove, Streatham, S.E. Fisher, Thomas J., 50 Lombard Street, E.C. Fitch, Frederick, F.R.G..S., F.R.M.S., Hadleigh House, 40 Highbury New Park, N. Fitch, Fredk. George, 181 Bishopsgate Street Without, E.C. Fitch, Herbert, 30 Bury Street, E.C. Fitz-George, Owen, Constitutional Club, North- umberland Avenue, W'.C. P'itzsimmons, Charles George (of Fitzsimmons and Sons) Muskal Opinion, 150 Holborn Bars, E.C. Flashoee, Ferd., 9 Mincing Lane, E.C. P"l.\ttelv, .Andrew, -1,7, Abbey Gardens, St. John's Wood, N.A\^ P'leet, Thomas Horn, Darenth Grange, near Dartford. Fle.ming, a. B. and Co., Liinitcd, Caroline Park, Edinburgh. Fletcher, Mrs., 96 Ma.xwell Street, Glasgow. 320 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Fletcher, Edwin Charles, Private Drawing Office, Bank of England, E.G. Fletcher, George, M.D., 60 Southwootl Lane, Highgate, N. Fletcher, J. Douglas, of Rosehaugli, Roseliaugh House, Inverness. Fletcher, John, 53 Angell Road, Brixton, S.\V. Fletcher, S. J. B., 2 Tokenhouse Buildings, E.G. Fletcher and Son, Norwich. Fletcher-Bennett, Mrs., Carisbrooke Villa, Upper Tulse Hill, S.W. Flindeli,, Chas. C, Pcndennis, Effra Road, Bri.xton, S.W. Fi.iNDT, S. H., I Pinner's Court, Old Broad Street, E.C. FlintoI'T, Miss E. A., Lower Mitcliam, Surrey. FLO0I5, Robert M., Addington Grove, Sydenham. Florence, Henry L., 3 Verulam Buildings, Gray's Inn, \\.C. Flux, C. W. Langlev, 3 East India Avenue, E.C. Flvn, Simon, 2 and 3 North Main Street, Cork, Ireland. Foakes, Robert, 12 Great Russell Street, AV.C. FoGO, James M. S., 14 Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, \V. FoLi, Mme. A. J., 175 New Bond Street, W. FoLjAMBE, Cecil, M.P.,Cockglade, Ollerton, Notts. FoLLETT, Fred. C, Palace Road, East Moulsey. FoLLETT, Walter George, Hillhank, Knollys Road, Streatham, S.W. Foot, E. S., 16 Boscobel Gardens, N.W. Forbes, D. K., 59 St. Mary Axe, E.C. Forbes, William A., 36 Kensington Park Gardens, W. Ford, Mrs., 13 Boscombe Road, Uxbridge Road, W. Ford, J., .M.i)., Eltham, Kent. Ford, Mrs. Marie Elizabeth, 204 Cromwell Road, S.W. Forrest, Dr. Stracev, Brook Hall, Finchingfield, Essex. Forrest, T. Vaugiian, i 2 Oxfoid Road, Chisvvick, W. Forrester, T. P. \\'., 48 Kensington Mansions, EaiTs Court. S.W. Fortune, J. L., Newhouse, Cranleigh, Guildford. Fossick, W. G., S6 Cannon Street, E.C. Foster, G. Carey, 1 8 Daleham Gardens, Hamp- stead, N.W. Foster, Henry S., L.C.C, M.S.B.l ., F.G.S.,etc., Sutton Court, Sutton, Surrey. Foster, James, 96 Leadenhall Street, E.C. F'oster, William, 9 Cottage Grove, Mile End Road, E. Fothergill, Chas. G., The Esplanade, Water- loo, Lancashire. 1''ountain, John, Cowle)-, Uxbridge. Fovargue, John Thomas, 30 Grosvenor Park, S.E. Fowler, C. B., " Lloyd's," E.C. Fowler, Dr. C. Owen, Trevor Lodge, Thornton Heath. Fowler, Sir Robert, Bart., 137 Harley Street, W. Fowler, Septimus, Guardian Office, Chorley. I'OWNES, Arthur A., 10 Lord Street, Liverpool. Fox, Charles, The Cedars, Warlingham, Surrey. Fox, Charles J., 22 College Hill, Cannon Street, E.C. Fox, Edwin, jun., 99 Gresham Street, E.C. l'\)x, Herbert Llovd, 121 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. Fox, RoBERr, Grove Hill, l''alniuuih. Fox, W. H., 9 Austin Friars, E.C. Fox, Dr. W. PiERCV, 122 Clapham Road, S.W. Frampton, Edward, no Buckingham Palace Road, S.W. Francis, Miss M. O., 32 Evelyn Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Francis, W. H., 38 Southwark Street, E.C. Francis, William, The Manur House, Richmond, Surrey. Franciscan Fathers, 'I'm:, The Friary, Strat- ford, E. 1''kanco, J. A. S., 117 Boulevard A'oltaire, Paris. Frank, Julius, 87 Warwick Road, Earl's Court, S.W. Frankau, F. J., I Elm Court, The Temi)le, E.C. Frankenstein, \L N., 42 Hamilton Terrace, St. John's Wood, N.^V•. 1. 1ST OI' SUHSCRIHl-.kS Frankenstein, S. M., LeiglUon House, Alexandra Road, South Hanipslead, N.W. Fkanki.in, a. H., 14 St. Quintin's Avenue, St. Mark's Road, W. Franklin, Arthur ]■;., 29 Pembridge (lardens, Baysvvater, ^V. Fr.vnklin, W. E., Newcastle-on-Tyne. Franks, Henry W., 59 Eastcheap, E.G. Eraser, Mrs. Arthur, 30 Onslow Gardens, S.^^^ Fraser, F. J., 16 Furnivars Inn, F:.C. Eraser, Galloway, Douglas Villa, 25 F'oulser Road, Upper Tooting, SA\'. Eraser, Miss Mary A., Longdown Gottage, Gollege Road, Epsom. Fr.\zer, George V., Cirencester. Ereokrickson, C. \V., Brooklyn. Ereeland, Alex., 97 Inverness Terrace, W. Freeman, H., 86 Fleet Street, FlC. Ereeilvn, Russell Selby, 64 Millbank Street, Westminster, S.W. Freeman, Stonhewer P., 1 3 ( Jueen Street, Gheap- side, E.G. Freeman, T., F.G.S., E.S.S., Birmingham Ex- change. Freeston, Gharles L., T/w Daily Graphic, Miltbrd House, Milford Lane, Strand, W.G. Freeston, Rev. Frank K., Wilson- Patten Street, Warrington. Freir, W. E., 42 Gannon Street, FIG. Freitas Fortuna, Jg.vo Antonio de. Oporto, Portugal. French, Frederick, Northumberland Alley, Fen- church Street, E.G. Friend, D. Burchell, 77 Western Road, Brighton. Frisuy, Alfred, 40 Grosby Road, Birkdale, South- port. Frisuv, Mrs. Jessie Mary, 40 Grosby Road, Birkdale, Southport. Frost, Fred. G., F.A.I., Teignmouth, Devon. Frost, John T., Hope Mount, Potterne Road, I )evizes. Frost, W. H., Adelaide Cottage, 5 Stanley Road, West Green, Tottenham. F'rost, William I,., Waverley Terrace, Bath Road, Worcester. Frowde, Henry, Amen Corner, E.G. I'RY, Charles A. Harrington, 3 Cleveland Square, Hyde Park, W. Fry, Danisy P., 138 Haverstock Hill, N.W. Fry, Ernest J., 108 Fenchurch Street, E.G. Fry, F. W., S Great St. Helen's, E.G. Fry, Frllieric W., Adkins, Fryerning, Esse.x. Fry, John D., 63 Queen Street, E.G. Fry, Joseph, 21 Gresham House. Fry,Thom.\s Henry, 57 AVickham Road, Brocklcy, S.E. Fryer, (Ieorge Hknr\-, A\'esthaven, Gricklewood, N.W. Fuller, Er.vncis B., 10 I'aternoster Row, E.G. Fuller, Henry, i Walbrook, E.G. Fullerton, David, Penington House, I.ymington, Hants. FussELL, Philip, Kingswood Hill, near Bristol. Fyfk, John, 7 West George Street, Glasgow. GrAP.KiKL, W., 25 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G. Gadesden, A. W., Ewell Castle, Surrey. Gadsden, Major-General F., Woodcote, Somerset Road, Ealing, W. Gadsdon, Ernest George, Fisherbctk, Warwick Road, Ujiper Clapton, N. Gair, Walter Burgh, Messrs. Baring Brothers and Co., Liverpool. Gaii, Alpert, 13 Market Place, Grimsby. (;ami;i,k, William, 12 Carnarvon Terrace, New- bury, Berks. Game, James Aylward, Veeda Grange, Cock- fosters, New Barnet, and 2 and .) East- cheap, E.G. Gamman, Henry, 13 Goal Exchange, E.G. Gamman, Henry, Datchet, near Windsor. Gamman, Henry, 3 Eastcheap, E.G. Gansi.andt, William, Bclmorc Lodge, Heme Hill, S.E. Garpuip, Captain Henry, J. P., 41 Redcliffe Gardens, South Kensington, S.\\'. Gardiner, .Alfonzo, Little Holbeck Board School, Leeds. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Gardiner, Henry John, Hurstmead, Elthani, Kent. Gardiner, Colonel Thomas G., Fitzalaii House, Arundel Street, Strand, W.C. Garuiner, W. J., The Avenue, Worcester Park, Surrey. Gardiner, W. W., Hillside School, Hillside Road, Tulse Hill. Gardiner and Co., ^\'isbech. Gardner, George, Fellside, Snaresbrook. Gardner, James, Salisbury Villa, Ellison Road, Streatham Common, S.W. Gardner, Thomas, Hornchurch, Essex. Gardner, W. H., 36 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Gardner, William John, 7 Bartholomew Place, E.C. Gardner-Woolloton, a. W., 8S Borough High Street, S.E. Garland, N. H., 3 College Terrace, Brighton. Garlick, Thomas, Ripley Lodge, Glover's Road, Reigate, Surrey. Garling, George, 45 Paulet Road, Cambervvell, S.E. Garner, George J., 14 Chadwell Street, E.C. s.s. " Garonne," Orient Line Royal Mail Steamer ; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. Garrarh, \\'., 117 Bishopsgate Street AVithin, L.C. Garratt, J. E., and Co., 48 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, W.C. Garr.vtt, Tho.mas, I I 2 Percy Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. Garrati', \V. H. , Garstang, T. W. H., Headingley House, Knuts- ford, Cheshire. Garstin, Miss Helen J., Lothian liank, near Dalkeith, Midlothian. Garstin, W. K., 24 Marlborough Road, N.AV. Gastrkll, Wn.LL\M Henry, 27 Redcliffe Gardens, South Kensington. G.viEs, Harry James, 181 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. Caviller, Augustine, 34 Great Tower Street, E.C. (Javin, Adam, Albion Hill, Loughton, Esse.x. Gavthorpe, Harper, Barrow-in-Furness. Gaywood, George, iS Wilson Road, Camberwell, S.E. Gaze, Miss, Homelea, Queen's Road, Erith. Geale, William A., 7 Upper Grange Road, S.E. Geare, William A., 4 Daleham Gardens, Belsize, N.W. Geehardt, H., Dashwood House, New Broad Street, E.C. Gee, William, 19 Coleman Street, E.C. Geiselbrecht, J. C, 8 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Gent, Rev. George W., The Principal's Lodge, St. Mark's College, Chelsea, S.W. Gentle, Edward, 84 Queen Elizabeth's Walk, Stoke Newington, N. George, J. W., Strathearn, ^Villoughby Road, Hampstead, N.\V. George, ^\'illiam, St. Wult'stan's, Durdham Park, Redland, Bristol. (Ierahty, Cecil Echlin, Wolscy's Cottage, Hampton Wick, Middlesex. Gerich, Fred. E., 7 Mincing Lane, E.C. s.s. "German," Union Line, Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and East African Royal Mail Steamer ; Otilices, South African House, 94-96 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. ('■ii;i;. Alderman Thomas Eccleston, St. Pancras Vestry Hall, N.W. Gibbons, F. and E., 19 Ranelagh Street, Liver- pool. Gibbons, Fred. C, Wantage, Berkshire. GiBBS, H. Carr, 13 Branksome Terrace, Bourne- mouth, Hants. Gibbs, Henry Hucks, Aldenham House, near Elstree, Herts. Gibson, Rev.' J. M., M.A., D.D., 15 Cleve Road, N.W. Gibson, John, F.R.I.B..\. 13 Great Queen Street, ^Vestminster, S.^\'. Gibson, Robert, Marine Villa, Portobello. Gibson, William, 10 lielle Vue Crescent, Tunslall Road, Sunderland. Gibson, Wm. Augustus, Mansion House Build- ings, 4 Queen \'ictoria Street, E.C. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Gideon, J. T., Halliford House, Queen's Walk, Castle Bar, Ealing, \V. GiLBKRT, Henrv March, 26 Above Bar, South- ampton. GiLnEY, ^VALTER, Elsenham Hall, Essex. Gilchrist, Percy C., Frognal Bank, Finchley Road, Hampstead, N.W. GiLDEA, R. A., Rawul Bindi, India. Git.es, Alfred, Houndwell Gardens, East Street, Southampton. Giles, Hubert G., R.N., Little Green, Alverstoke, Hants. Giles, Mary, 8 Union Road, Tufnell Park, N. Giles, Philip, Stamp Office, St. Austell, Cornwall. Gill, Crandon D., 28 Stanley Gardens, Belsize Park, N.^V. Gill, Frederick, Norbury House, Hillsborough, Sheffield. Gill, George T. S., 29 Steele's Road, Haver- stock Hill, N.W. Gill, James, Pleione, Hainault Road, Ley- tonstone, N.E. Gill, L. Upcott, 99 Finchley Road, N.W. Gill, William, O.xford Union Society, Oxford. GiLLES, William C, Troutbeck, Elm Road, Beckenham, Kent. Gillespie, Oct.wius Alfred, 14 Upper East Smithfield, E. Gillespie, S. A., 45 Great Tower Street, E.C. GiLLETT, Ralph, 25 St. George's Road, Brighton. GiLLiAT, Algernon, 4 Crosby Square, E.C. GiLLi.\T, John K., and Co., 4 Crosby Square, E.C. Girdlestone, William T., Sedgley House, Rhyl, North Wales. GisPERT, Arturo, 137 Vine Street, Minories, E.C. Gladding, John, 28A Paternoster Square, E.C. Gladstone, David, 18 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Glaisher, William, 265 High Holborn, W.C. Gleadow, H. Cooper, 5 Cornwall Gardens, S.W. Glenn, J. Barber, 67 Parkhurst Road, N. Glover, A. W., The Towers, Armley, near Leeds. Glover, C. H., and Co., Hatcham Saw Mills, Ormside Street, Old Kent Road, S.E. Glover, FRfANK Ernest, 13 Walbrook, E.C. Glover, John, 88 Bishopsgate Street, E.C. Glover, M. H., Falcon \'illa. New Cross Gate, S.E. Glossop, Mrs. RoniNA Gkigok, 'j-he Bank, Bake- well. Glover, Rudolph Gustavu.s, 59 St. James's Street, S.W. Goater, Alfred, .Mount Street Works, Notting- ham. Godbolt, John William, 15 Walbrook, E.C. GODFRKE, A. H., 1 8 Holland ^■illas Road, Ken- sington, W. GoEBEL, Herr Theod., Villa Kaiser, Ilascnberg- steige, Stuttgart. GoFF, Robert, Summers, Billinghurst, Sussex. GoFF, Mrs. S., Barham House, Harrold, Bedford. Colder, James, Market Place, Reading. GoLDiNG, Charles, i Museum Street, Colchester, Essex. GoLDiNG, George, 50 Norfolk Road, Dalston. GoLDiNG, J. F., 172 Albany Street, N.W. Goldring, Charles Eustace, 43 Great Tower Street, E.C. Golds, Bernard J., 45 Shaftesbury Road, Crouch Hill, N. Goldsmid, Sir Julian, Bart., M.I'., 105 Piccadilly, ^v. Goldsmith, John Henry, 36 Great Tower Street, E.C. GoLDSwoKTHV, W. Lansdown, 16 l^'urnival's Tnn, E.C. GoLLANCz, Rev. Hermann, M.A., Dalston Synagogue, Canonbury, N. Conner, The Rev. Eric Peter, 12 Marlborough Place, N.W. GooDACRE, Thomas, Radius House, Westfield Terrace, Fulham, S.W. GooDFELLOw, JoiiN CuMMiNG, 63 High Street, Hawick, Scotland. GooDiNCE, Deputy James \Vallin(;kr, i6 Alders- gate Street, E.C. Goodman, Alfred, Araucaria, East Molesey, Surrey. Goodman, Edwin, Elm Park Hotel, I'Jm Park, Brixton Rise, S.W. 324 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Goodman, H., 27 Nightingale Road, Clapton, N.E. Goodwill, Mrs. James, 23 The Downs, Altrincham. Goodwin, Frederick, LL.D., 155 Fenchurch Street, B.C. Goodwin, Theophilus, 65 Graham Road, Dalston, N.E. Goose, Ag.^s H., Rampant Horse Street, Norwich. Gordon, Alexander, 27 Cheapside, E.C. Gordon, C. W., 44 Palmerston Buildings, E.C. Gordon, John, 8 Tokenhouse Yard. Gordon, R., 93 Bishopsgate Street, E.C. Gordon and Gotch, St. Bride Street, Ludgate Circus, E.C. GossE, EdiMund, 29 Delamere Terrace, W. GoTTO, Gaisford, 54 O.xford Street, ^V. Gould, J. Chalklev, Traps Hill House, Loughton, Esse.x. GOULDEN, W. E., The Athcnreum Library, S.E.R. Station Road, Canterbury. GouLDiNG, \\'iLLiAM C, 23 Rush Lane, Cannon Street, E.C. GowERS, W. R., M.D., F.R.S., 50 Queen Anne Street, W. Grafton, Alexander, C.E., Vulcan Works, Bedford. Grainger, Rev. J. Cecil, 5 INLathcson Road, West Kensington, W. Grant, Baron Albert, 18 St. Swithin's Lane, E.C. Grant, Alexander, 94 Copleston Road, S.E. Grant, Major - General Mounsev, Heatherley, Inverness, N.B. Grant, W. Leonard, Sittingbourne. GRAV.vn', A., 55 I'riday Street, Cheapside, E.C. Grave, J. \V. de, Chatillon, Ambcrley Road, West Hill, Sydenham, S.E. Graves, Edward, 22 Trebovir Road, South Kensington, S.W. Graves, John, 29 Throgmorton Street, E.C. Gray, Arch. Campiiri.l, 85 lilarkheatli Hill, Greenwich, S.E. Gray, (]eorge, 4 Walbrook, E.C. Gray, Henry, 47 Leicester Square, W.C. Gray, James, 116 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. Gr.\y, R. Stannus, Springwood, Clapham Park. Gray, S. O., 7 i Belsize Park Gardens, N.'W. Gray's Inn Library, Gray's Inn, ^\'.C. Grazebrook, Mrs. Anna Maria, 13 Warminster Road, South Norwood Park, S.E. Gr.\zebrook, Henry Durley, 4 Essex Court, Temple, E.C. Gre.wes, Charles H., Hollington, Chepstow Road, Croydon, Surrey. Gre.wes, AVm., 33 Marlborough Place, St. John's Wood, N.W. Green, Rev. Edward, B..^., Beachlcy Vicarnge, near Chepstow. Green, Mrs. Everett, 100 Gower Street, W.C. Green, Frank, 193 Upper Thames Street, E.C. Green, Frederick Powell, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire. Green, G. W., Eastfield, Bolton. Green, John Francis, Church Road, Harborne, Birmingham. Green, Rev. Samuel G., D.D., The Religious Tract Society, 56 Paternoster Row, E.C. Green, Stephen Thomas, 73 Little Britain, E.C. Green, Tom Edward, 67 Mornington Road, Gloucester Gate, Regent's Park, N.W. Green, Wm. W., 25 Mincing Lane, E.C, and Snaresbrook. Greenland, Alfred J., Bank, Church Street, Peterborough. Greenall, Lady, Walton Hall, Warrington. Greenaw.w, Isaac, 345 Burdett Road, E. Greenbank, R. H., 49 St. Luke's Road, West- bourne Park, ^\■. Greene, Mrs. H. D., 13 Connaught Place, Hyde Park, ^\■. Greener, J. H., Kurneh, Deronda Road. Hcrnc Hill, S.E. Greenfield, Thomas Challen, F.R.G.S., 84 Basinghall Street, E.C. Greenhouoh, David W., 5 Rood Lnnc, E.C. Greenwood, Hubert J., ISirstwiih Hall, \'orks. Gregg, Ebenezkr, i a St. Helen's Place, E.C. Gregg, H. A., Chligga, Winchmore Hill, N. Gregory, Christopher ^\'AslllN(;T0N, 100 'I'lie Grove, Camberwell, .S.E. LIST OF SUBSCRIIUCRS 525 ("iREcoRV, H. G., 2 1 llornscy Rise Gardens, N. Gregory, Horatio, 57 Upper Berkeley Street, Great Cumberland Place, W. Greoorv, JosF.ni, Upper Chorlton Road, Manchester. Greig, Peter, Ijeechwood House, Snarcsbrook, Essex. Greiner, Gotthelf, 10 and 12 Milton Street, Cripplegate, E.G. Grellier, \\'ii.t.i.\m, 6 Queen Anne's Gate, S.W. (]res[i.\m Cllt,, The, King William Street, E.G. (Wm. Best, Secretary). Grevei,, H., and Co., 33 King Street, Covent (iarden, W.C. Greville, Lord, 8 Upper Belgrave Street, SAX. Greville, Rear-Admiral Stapi.icton John, Osmanthorpe, Laleham, near Staines, Middlesex. Gri^aving, Henrv, 26 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, S.W. Grey, F., 3 Mill Hill Grove, Acton, W. Grey, Henry, Richmond ^'illa. Richmond Road, Kingston-on-Thames. Grey, Henry M., 31 Markham Square, Chelsea, S.W. Grey, Mrs. Maria G., 41 Stanhope Gardens, Queen's Gate, S.W. CiRinr.LE, Charles R., 31 Montague Place, Russell Square, W.C. Grice, Richard, Clapham, S.W. Grierson, Frank W., ii Varden's Road, St. John's Hill, ^\■ands\vorth, S.W. Griefin, Charles J., 12 Exeter Street, Strand, W.C. Griffin, J., 106 Fenchurch Street, E.G. Griffin, Robert H., Castle Hotel, Tamworth. Griffin, T. Poultney, F.R.G.S., 3 Philpot Fane, E.G. Griffin, A\'ili.iam C, 57 \\'est Smithfield, E.G. Griffith, Mrs. Clayey, to Eaton Gardens, Ealing, W. Griffith, Colonel J. G. E., Fairfield House, Leck- hampton Road, Cheltenham. Griffith, R. W. S., Eyeworth Lodge, Lyndhurst, Hants. Griffith, I'arran, and Co., Newbcry House, 39 Charing Cross Road, W.C. Griffiths, Frederic, 3 Elms Road, Clapham Park, S.W. Griffiths, H. P., 48 Manor Park Road, Maries- den, N.W. Griffiths, J. J., 1 Highbury Grange, N. Griffiths, Mrs. W., 6t Sinclair Road, West Kensington, W. Griggs, Mrs. E., Norland Cottage, Park Road, Bromley, Kent. Gripper, Louis M., 5 Mount Pleasant N'illas, Crouch Hill, N. Grisprook, A\'iLi.iAM, 6 Panton Street, Haymarkct, S.W. Groom, Alfred, 14 Furnival's Inn, E.G. Groom, John Henry, 8 Stanthorpc Road, Strca- tham, S.W. Grosvenor, George, Holywell, Strealham Common, S.W. GrO-Svenor, H., 33-35 Charterhouse Scpiare, E.G. Grosvenor Clue, 135 New Bond Street. W, Groye, William, 63 Baker Street, W. Grover, a. C, ioi Leadenhall Street, E.G. Groyer, John William, M.Inst.C.E., F.S.A., Chase Lodge, Clajjham Common, S.\\'. Groves, Professor J. W'., 90 Holland Road, Ken- sington, ^V. Groves, James, 147 Leadenhall Street, E.G. Groves, John, High Skellgate, Ripon. Groves, ^^'ILLIAM, 42 Grosvenor Park Road, ^\'althamsto\v. Grundy, Herbert, P.rentwood, Old 'Prafford, Manchester. Gruneberg, C, 98 St. George's Avenue, Tufnell Park, N. Guest, John, \'ictoria Road, Bamsley. GUGGENTHALI.Y, MaDAME DE, /ik MaCDONALD- Henderson, 28 Corse Gorizia, Austria. GuRNER, William, Royal College of Physicians, Pall Mall East, S.W. GuRNEv, Alfred H., 23 Lime Street, E.G. Guthrie, Anstev, 16 Duke Street Mansions, Grosvenor Square, W. 326 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS GuTHRiK, \y. Mtrrav (Chalmers, Guthrie, and Co.), 9 Idol Lane, E.G. Guv, Tom Fkrrers, 8 Vicarage Gate, Kensington, \y. Guv, William, Clifton Villas, Devizes, A\'ilts. Gwinnp:tt, William Henrv, Gordon Cottage, Cheltenham. GwvNNE, John and Henrv, 89 Cannon Street, E.G. HARERnASHERs' COMPANY, The, Gresham Street, E.G. (J. Hamilton Townend, Clerk). Harer.shon, Wm. G., The Elms House, Ramsgntc, and 38 Bloomsbury Square, W.C. Hacket, Mrs., 62 South Hill Park, Hampstead Heath, N.W. Hadden, General William Charles, R.E., 2 Kent Gardens, Ealing, W. HAnDOVv, James T., Hollybush House, Southgate, N. Haden, G. Nelson, Homefield, Trowbridge. Hadfield, G. S., Derby. Hadley, Joseph, 5 Argyle Place, Regent Street, W. Hakfenden, George John, Homeleigh, Castle Bar, Ealing. H.\GGER, John H. Haggerston, \\'. J., Public Libraries, Newcastlc- on-Tyne. Haggie, R. Hood, North Blythswood, Newcastlc- on-Tyne. Hagvard, John, 31 St. Nicholas Street, Scar- borough. Haines, Edward, 69 Camphn Street, New Cross, S.E. Hainsworth, Lewis, 120 ]5owliiig Old Lane, Bradford, Yorks. Hainze, J., 34 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Hale, I^mma, 10 P.elmont Grove, Lee, Kent, S.E. Hai.i-., Rev. W. F., Brook Lodge, Red Hill, Surrey. Hai.ks, John, S.S.C, 15 Clifford's Inn, E.C. Hai.i.s, William, i Shortcr's Court, Throgmorton Street, E.C. Kalford-Aucock, Rev. II. II., 23 Earl's Court Square, S.W. Hall, .'\. H., 22 and 23 Great Tower Street, E.C. Hall, A. W., 132 Fleet Street, London, E.C. Hall, Albert E., Craiglands, Blundell Sands. Hall, Arthur E., Hammet Street, Minories, E.C. Hall, Mrs. Elizabeth, 28 Pembury Avenue, Tottenham, N. Hall, Fred. E., 9 Powis Square, Bayswater, W. Hall, George, 34 Bishopsgate Street, E.C. Hall, Henry, Crowhurst, Ealing, W. Hall, J., and Son, Cambridge. Hall, J. Clark, Custom House, E.C. Hall, Mrs. K.\te Warren, 3 Carlingford Road, Hampstead, N.W. Hall, Perceval L., 7 Cadogan Road, Surbiton. Hall, T. M., Lincoln and Lindsey Bank, Horn- castle, Lincolnshire. Hall, Thom.vs D., 24 Oxford Terrace, W. Hall, Rev. W. J., Brecon House, Eltham, S.E. Hallowes, W. B., Newark, Notts. Halls, Henry, Leslie Lodge, London Road, Enfield. Hambro, Baron, Milton Abbey, Blanford, Dorset. Hamilton, George, 60 Tabernacle Street, Fins- bury, E.C. Hamilton, John J., 17 St. Helen's Place, E.C. Hamilton, William, 7 AVoodside Terrace, Glasgow. Hamilton, Admiral Sir Vksev, Admiralty, London, S.A\'. Hammond, Robert, Hilldrop, North Grove, High- gate, N. Hampton, Mrs. J., Bell Alley and Moorgate Street, E.C. Hanbury, Edmund S., 20 Princes Gardens, S.W. Hancock, William, 35 Cornhill, E.C. H.vndcock, a. II., A\'ilts and Dorset lianking Co., Limited, Bradford-on .\von. Hanford, Mrs. Fanny E., 157 Upland Road, East Dulwich, S.E. Hanhart, Nicholas, LI,. 1!., 20 Souihanipion Street, Hi.nh Holborn, W.C. IIankinsox, T. )., Mayor of Bourncmoulii, Eastburv, I'ournemoiitli. LIST OF SURSCRI ni'.RS 327 Hann'.w, Robkrv, 6 Collingham Cardcns. South Kensington, S.W, Hannev, \y. H. A\'i:sioN, 4 I'aik I'lace \"illas, Haukis, Hdwaru, 42 Uiiper Berkeley Street, _ . . . ,, r .1. It L c nr RIaida Hill West, \V Hansicll, Mrs. C, 79 Ivirlhani drove. Forest elate, E. Hanson, Alderman Sir Reginald, Uart., LL.D., 4 Bryanston Square, W. Hanson, William B., 35 Clarkson Street, Ipswich. Harben, H. a., 107 Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park, ^\•. Hardess, George, 4 Coal E.xchange, E.G. Harding, Arthur Raymond, 36 Lansdovvne Crescent, Netting Hill, W. Harding, John, 24 Bedford Street, Strand, W.C. Hardy, Charles, Fred., South Road, Clapham Park, S.W. Hardy, Harold, 8 Upper Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park, W. Hare, Willl\m, The Limes, Crystal Street, Derringham Street, Hull. Hargreaves, John, Maiden Erlegh, Reading. Harland-Oxley, W. E., 20 Artillery Buildings, Victoria Street, S.W. Harman, Walter J., 5 Dartmouth Park Avenue, Highgate Rise, N.W. Harmer, George H., Apsley Villa, Cirencester. Harmsworth, George, 42 Hart Street, Covent Garden. Harnor, Albert E., 15 Uunster Gardens, Brondesbury. Harper, Alderman, C.C, Brueton House, Bilston, Staffordshire. Harper, Charles Henry, 42 St. John's Road, Upper Holloway, N. Harper, Henry A., Milford-on-Sca, near Lyming- ton, Hants. Harper, Samuel S., Lloyd's, E.C. Harper Bros., New York. Harried, Horton, 25 Farringdon Street, E.C. Harrington, Charles J., Kenihvorth House, Clapham Common, S.W. Harrington, H. F., 137 Queen's Road, Finsbury Park, N. Harris, Augustus, The Elms, Avenue Road, Regent's Park, N.W. Portman Square, \V. Harris, F. J., Lyons. Harris, George, 16 Mount Park, Ealing, W. Harris, George Henry, Albert Villa, New Maiden, Surrey. Harris, H. M'Clintock, Lloyd's, E.C. Harris, Henry, Walsingham House, Piccadilly, W. Harris, Samuel, 12 .Vlbert Street, Regent's Park, N.W. Harris, Thomas, F. R.LB.A., 6 Southam[)ton Street, Bloomsbury, W.C. Harris, William, and Sons, 2 1 Cannon Street, Manchester. Harrison, Alan, Surbiton. Harrison, C. A\'., Whitmores, Beckenham, Kent. Harrison, George, Fairlawn, West Hill, Syden- ham, S.E. Harrison, J. B. W., 2 Bowles Road, S.E. Harrison, R. F., St. Albans, Herts. Harrison, Robert, 31 Lee Road, Lee, S.E. Harrison, W. G., The Library, Upper Norwood. Harrison, Walter E., Abingdon, Berks. Harrison, William, Market Place, Ripon. Harrison and Sons, 59 Pall RLill, S.\\'. Harrisson, Mrs. E., 20 Hanover Terrace, Regent's Park, N.A\'. Harrisson, Georgp:, Freston, Chaucer Road, Bedford. Harrisson, Lieut.-Colonel H. .\., 20 ILmover Terrace, Regent's Park, N.\\'. Harston, Arthur, i 5 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Harston, C, F.R.LB.A., 15 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Hart, Alfred, 120 Central Market, E.C. Hart, Cyril E. A., 9 Strathray Gardens, Hampstead, N.W. Hart, George AV., 73 Queen's Road, Finsbury Park, N. Hart, James, 16 Philpot Lane, E.C. Hart, Neville D., Harley Lodge, 41 Maresfield Gardens, South Hampstead, N.W. 328 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Hart, William, 27 Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Hart, William Jackson, 14 Clifford's Inn, E.C. Hartley, Captain, Bournemouth. Hartmann, Willlvm, Tangley Mere, Chilworth, Surrey. Hartshorne, Miss Emily Sophia, Iver, U.xbridge. Hartshorne, Miss Catherine M.,Iver, Uxbridge. Harvey, Miss, Langley Park, Slough. Harvey, Andrew, 16 Mark Lane, E.C. Harvey, Benjamin Marshall, High Street, Padstow, Cornwall. Harvey, Rev. C. Wigan, Throcking Rectory, Buntingford. Harvey, T. Morgan, 1 Gresham Buildings, Basinghall Street, E.C. Harwood, J., 34 Gateley Road, S.W. Haseldine, George F., Wansford, Northampton- shire. Haselwood, Robt., Hemingford House, Bracon- dale, Norwich. Haslam, a. Seale, Mayor of Derby, North Lees, Derby. Haslam, W. H., Secretary's Office, G.E.R., Liver- pool Street, E.C. Hassall, Thomas, Ducie Street, Piccadilly, Man- chester. Hastings, H. M., 54 Edith Road, A\'est Kensing- ton, W. IIaicii, George, 69 George Street, Croydon. Hatch, James John, 61 The Grove, Camberwell, S.E. Hatciiakds, 187 Piccadilly, W. H.vfEEiLD, Captain C. T., Hartsduwn, Isle of Thanet. Hauser, Eugen, Calcutta. Hauser, Rudolph, 9 Goldsmith Street, E.C. Hawes, a. J., 86 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Hawes, R. H., 89 O.xford Terrace, W. HAWKIN.S, E. C, The Vicarage, St. Bride's, Fleet Street, E.C. Hawkins, H. Chaui.ton, 6 Stone lliiildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C. Hawkins, Thomas, Bridge House, Newbury. Hawksley, Boukciiikr !■'., Mincing Lane, E.C. Hawksley, Mrs. Bourchier F., 6 Percy Villas, Campden Hill, ^\■. Hawksley, Charles, 357 Oxford Street, W. Hawksley, Kenneth P., 22 Queensborough Terrace, Bayswater, W. Hawksley, Miss Lilian, 22 Queensborough Terrace, Bayswater, W. Hawling, W. H., 36 Holland Road, Highfields, Sheffield. Haworth, Frederick, 80 Cornwall Gardens, S.W. Hawthorn, A. M., 8 Lavender Gardens, Clapham Common, S.AV. H.uvthorn, J. K., 3 Savage Gardens, Tower Hill, E.C. Hawthorn, William, Houk, Kingston-on-Thames. Hay, Alex. S., 21 Fitzjohn's Avenue, N.W. H.A.Y, R. A. and J., 23 George Street, Perth, N.B. Haycraft, W. S., 3 Great Winchester Street, E.C. Hayes, William, Rolls House, Rolls Yard, Chancery Lane, W.C. Hayman, R. W., 31 Stodman Street, Newark. Hays, AVilliam, 3 Nevern Square, S.W. Havsom, George, 109 Fenchurch Street, E.C. Havward, John William, Badby, Northampton- shire. Headlam, Stewart D., 31 Upper Bedtbrd Place, W.C. Heath, Alfred, Calne, Wilts. He.vth, James, i Pinner's Hall, Great Winchester Street, E.C. He.vth, Robert, St. John's Lodge, 3S6 Clapham Road, S.W. He.vthcote, Rev. S. S., Exford, Taunton. Heazell, Henry, 66 London Road, Liverpool. Hecht, Max, 21 Mincing I.ane, E.C. Heckfoki), Gf.orge, Bedford Hotel, ISiighton. Hkddkrwick, R. H., 23 Chepstow ^'illas, Bays- water, W. Hkdgicland, Prebendary, Penzance. Hedi.kv, J. T., kainham, lleckenliam, Kent. I Ii':i;iNi;()i HAM, James, Manchester and County Bank, Limited, Stockport. ILiM, Carl, 22 Great St. Helen's, IvC. Ilia.i.MERs, RoiiEKT, 4.: Great Tower Street, E.C. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS 329 HK.Mi:RV, Fredk. ^\■IllI\.^r, I'.R.M.S., Sussex Lodge, Sidcup, KliiI. Hem.ming, Alfred O., S Delsi/c Terrace, llaniii- stead, NAV. Hi-.MMiNGS, Frederick, 100 Sydney Street, Chelsea, S.W. Hendei^son, George T, 24 Leadenhall Street, L.C. Henderson, H. G., Allan Park, Stirling, N.IJ. Henderson, John, ii New Court, Lincoln's Lin, W.C. Henderson, John, Town Clerk, Fortrose. Hendlev, 'Sirs. Catherine, Eaton Square, S.W. Hendriks, Frederick, F.S.S., F.I.A., 7 Vicarage Gate, Kensington, W. Henley, H. R., i JMornington Road, N.W. Hennings, Ch.\rles, Swansea. Henrev, Rev. T. Selisy, St. Botolph's Church, Aldersgate, E.C. Henschel, George, 45 IJedford Gardens, Campdeii Hill, \\-. Henshaw, Charles, 37 Bath Street, Leek. Hensley, C. Ernest, Pratsham Grange, near Dorking. Henson, George, Midland Road, Wellingborough. Hentschel, Carl, 1S2 and 183 Fleet Street, E.C. Hepworth, J., 18 Chatsworth Square, Carlisle. Hepworth, Samuel Chadwick, West Park Street, Dewsbury. Herbert, Geoffrey C, 69 Priory Road, West Hampstead, N.W. Herbert, George, 6 and 7 West Smithfield, E.C. Herbert, H. J., F.Z.S., 27 Poplar Grove, AVest Kensington Park, W. Herman, H. E., 92 Partholomew Close, E.C. Hermes, C. W., Wismar, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German)'. Hern, Charles E., R.A.A.S., 9 Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. Herschell, Rev. D. A., 4 Overton Road, Brixton, S.W. Hesse, Miss, The Lodge, Haslemere, Surrey. Hewetson, Henry T. H., i New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C. Hewetson, James, ii and 12 High Street, Hamp- stead, N.W. HKwnr, Mrs. Arthur T., Selhy Lodge, Lans- downe Place, Brighton. Hi-Avnr, Charles A., Hope Ijid, l.edbury, 1 lerefordshire. Hi WITT, AValtiu K., 7 Great College Street, AN'estminster, S.W. Hews, W. T., Mayor of Henley-on-Thames. HiCYwooii, Abel, jun.. Higher Broughton, Man- chester. Heywood, Abel, and Son, 56 and 58 Oldham Street, Manchester. Heywood, John, Manchester. Heywood, Sharp, 19 Liverness Terrace, W. HiBBERi), Shirley, i Priory Road, Kew, near London. Hibbert, Thomas, 141 Standishgate, Wigan. HiCKEY, Edwin, 31 King Street, I'-.C. HicKiE, Mrs. Ediih I,., Furzedown, Abbey Wood, Kent. HicKii;, J. R. 1)., Furzedown, Abbey Wood, Kent. HiCKiE, John, sen., 14 Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, S.W. Hicks, Arthur, Murree, Christchurch Road, Streatham Hill, S.W. Hicks, Captain Charles W'., "Ellenslea," Fleet, Hants. Hides, W. F., HoUis AVorks, Shefifield. HiGGiNs, Napier, Q.C, Lincoln's Inn, W.C. Higham, Charles, 27A Farringdon Street, li.C. HiLDER, Charles F., 32 Holborn Viaduct, E.C. Hilditch, G. and J. B., 1 1 and 12 Cheapside, E.C. HiLKEN, T. H., 6 Crosby Square, E.C. Hill, Francis Charles, Gwynne Lodge, Snares- brook. Hill, Frkuk., 51 Aldennanbury, E.C. Hill, H. H., jun., Chypon Villa, Newlyn (West), Penzance, Cornwall. Hill, Herbert, 66 West Smithfield, E.C. Hill, Stanley G., The Anchorage, Milford-on-Sea, Hants. Hill, Thomas, 36 Chancery Lane, W.C. Hill, Thomas David, Consol Transfer Office, Bank of England, E.C. Hill, W. Becket, 103 Leadenhall Street, E.C. 2 u 330 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Hi 1.1,, W. H., 5 Lothbiiry, E.G. lIiM,, W'ai/ilk S., I Mountfuid Terrace, Darnsbury Square, N. Hill, AVilllvm, Knowle House, Tutlerdown, Bristol. Him., Wh.ll-^m John, Ashburnham, Hindes Road, Cireenhill, Harrow. Hii.i.LVRi), Major-General ('.. T., Kingston Villa, Florence Road, Ealing, \V. HiLLiER, Geo. Alfred, Altamira, Stonebridge Park, WiUesden, N.W. Hilton, R. J., Treston House, Faver.sham. Hilton, William Hughes, 29 Booth Street, Manchester. Hinde, Albert He.vuv, Ross Cottage, Nelson Street, Lowestoft. Hindley, Ch.vrles, HeaUi field Villa, South Wimbledon, S.A\'. HiNE, Alfred, Park Hill, Maryport. Hine, George E., i Nightingale Park Crescent, Wandsworth Common, S.W. HiNRiCHSEN, R., Prince's Chambers, 56 Pall Mall, S.W. HiNTON, Joseph, The Chestnuts, Warminster. HiRSCH, Leopold, 15 Collingham Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. HiSLOP, Robert, 2 Royal E.xchange Avenue, Cornhill, E.C. Hitchman, John, 51 and 52 Cherry Street, Birmingham. Hitt, James G., 37 George Street, Edinburgh. HiVEY, D. 'W., Woodside Villa, Belmont Drive, Newsham Park, Liverpool, E. HoARE, Rev. J. S., Rectory, Godstone, Surrey. HoDART - Hampden, The Lady Charlotte, Hampden Lodge, Sidmouth. Hobkirk, Charles P., F.L.S., etc., Dewsbury. HoBLVN, Richard A., F.S.A., Hollywood, 79 Priory Road, West Hampstcad, N.W. HoEROW, F. W. Chant, Lyndhurst, Christ Church Road, Brondcsbury. HoBSON, Richard, J. P., The Marfords, Brom- borough, Cheshire. HociiBRUNN, Otto an der Lan von, T.L.M., llitlier Green Lodge, Lewisliam, S.E. Hockey, H. C., 5 Eresby Road, Killann, N.W. HocKLiFFE, F., Bedford. Hodges, Figgis, and Co., 104 Grafton Street, Dublin. Hodgkinson, F. A., 9 Lime Street, E.C. HoDGKiNsoN, T. A., 12 Mansfield Street, Port- land Place, W. Hodgson, Lsa.\c B., Brampton, Cumberland. Hodgson, J. Stewart, S Bishopsgate Street, E.C. Hodgson, James, 17 Little Trinity Lane, E.C. HoEPLi, Signor U., Milan. Hog, T. a. F., 12 Bulstrode Street, Welbeck Street, W. Hogg, S., 32 Charing Cross, S.W. Holeeck, Rev. James Louis, St. Margaret's Vicarage, Bentham, Lancaster. Holden, E. T., J.P., Glenelg, Great Barr, Walsall. HoLDSWORTH, James, 35 Gresliam Road, Brixton, S.W. Hole, James, i Great College Street, AVestminster, S.W. HoLFORD, T. C, L.D.S., 342 and 344 High Street, Stratford, E. Holland, Mrs., Niddry Lodge, Campden Hill, W. Holland, J. R., 4 Redington Road, Hampstead. Holland, Stephen G., 56 Porchester Terrace, W. Holland, Captain Swinton C, R.N., 4 Anglesey Crescent, Alverstoke, Gosport. Hoi.i.eijone, Alfred Richard, 18 Birchin Lane, E.C. IIOLLIDGE, E. J., Rutland Road, Victoria Park Road, N.E. Hollingsworth, T. S., Findern Lodge, Spring Grove, Isleworth. Holi.in(;ton, a. J., C.C., L.CC, Aldgate, E.C. lIoLLowAV, George, De I'Angle House, Cliartham, near Canterbury. Holloway, Miss Mary Ann, BaniiUon, Oxford- shire. HoLLVER, John S., Bute Docks, Cardiff. Holmes, Mrs., London Road, Derby. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Holmes, Mrs. Bash,, 5 I'^celaml Road, Iviling, W. Holmes, Charles, 40 Threadncedlc Street, E.C. Holmes, Fraskr B., 'IVcvilla, Beaford, North Devon. Holmes, James, Holmdene, Asliton-under-Lync. Holmes, Joiix, 9 Norfolk Road, Regent's Park, N.'W". Holmes, Richard, Pontefract. Holmes, Thomas B., J. P., Elini Lodge, Hornsea, near HuH. Holjies-White, J., Claremont, CLarcmont Terrace, Nevvcastle-on-Tyne. HoLROvn, Seth, 6 Giiildliall Chambers, Basinghall Street, E.C. Holt, Christopher, Sutton, Surrey. Holtzapffel, John J., Assoc. M. List. C.E., Wind- mill Hill House, Hampstead, N.W. Homan, Ralph, 2 Austin Friars, E.C. Home, Bruce J., 1 1 Greenside Lane, Edinburgh. Homer, William, 90 Lower Thames Street, E.C. Hone, William, 7 Saltoun Road, Brixton, S.M'. HoNiscHER, Frederick W., 30 Lime Street, E.C. Hood, H. J., 115 St. George's Road, S.W. Hood, James, 94 High Street, Arbroath. Hooke, Rev. D. Burford, Memorial PLall, Farringdon Street, E.C. Hooper, George N., Elmleigh, Beckenham. Hooper, H. E., 1 7 AA'arwick Street, Regent Street, W. Hooper, W. G., 96 High Street, Oxford. Hooppell, The Rev. J. L. E., Kentish Town Parish Church, N.W. HooTON, Arthur, 28 Ashley Road, Hornsey Rise, N. HooTON, M. Herbert, 28 Ashley Road, Crouch End, N. Hope, Lieut.-Colonel \\'., V.C., Army and Navy Club. Hopkins, Edward J., 23 St. .-Vugustine's Road, N.W. Hopkins, Thomas, 44 Hamilton Terrace, N.'W. HoPKiNSON, S. D., 75 Old Broad Street, E.C. HoPKiNSON, S.\MUEL, 33 Redcliffe Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Hopwoon, Charles Hknrv, Q.C, etc., i Essex Court, Temple, E.C. Hop\vt)OD, O. T., Free Public Library, South- ampton. HoRA, H. WiiiNFiELD, The Terrace, Camberwcll, S.E. Hokdi;r, Mark Garrett, Rolherwood, Elm Grove, Salisbury. HoKi.ocK, Rev. George, St. Olave's Vicarage, Hanbury Street, E. Horn, .\i.exander, 9 Leuina Road, Leytonstone. HoRNE, Fredk. W'., Gazette Office, Whitby. Horner, Mrs. J. T., Norbryght, Godstone. Horner, William Sims, 8 .Mdgate, E. HoRNiMAN, F. J., Surrey Mount, Forest Hill, S.E. HoROiiiN, Thomas Crewe, C.A., Market Place, Crowle, Lincolnshire. Horsfori), T. M. a., IJosvathick, Pcnryn, Cornwall. HoRSLEY, Mrs., I High Row, Kensington, ^\'. Horsman, Dr. Godfrey, 22 King Street, Portman Square, AV. Horsnail, George S., A.K.C. Lond., Fern Lodge, Brigstock Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey. HOSKINS, Edmond J., 76 Jermyn Street, S.W. Houghton and Gunn, 162 New Bond Street, W. Houlder, Howard, 31 Great St. Helen's, E.C. Houston, Alfred C, 10 Serjeants' Lin, Temple, E.C. Hovenden, Albert, Oaklands, Haling Park Road, Croydon. Hovenden, Henry E.,' 30 Bishop.sgate Street AVithout, E.C. Hovenden, Thos. H., Arbor End, Selhurst Road, South Norwood, S.E. How, Henry, 88 High Street, Sevenoaks. Howard, Mrs. John, Fairoaks, Chislehurst. Howard, Sydney, i 2 King William Street, E.C. Howard, W. G., C.C, 60 Barbican, E.C, and 53 Isledon Road, N. How^ARD OF Effingha.m, Lord, Tusmore Park, Bicester. Howard-Keeling, Herbert, Merlewood, Elthani, Kent. 33: LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Howell, Albert D., St. Andrew's, Perry Vale, Forest Hill, S.E. Howell, Edward, 26 and 28 Church Street, Liverpool. Howell, Frank, 6 Lark Hall Rise, Clapham, S.W. HowsE, Henry G., 59 Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, W. HovLAND, Godfrey M., 10 Great St. Helen's, E.G. Hubbard, Henry Lainson, 76 Upper Berkeley Street, Portman Square, W. Hubbard, Hon. Evelyn, Bank of England, E.C. Hubbard, Mrs., i Ladbroke Terrace, ^\'. HuDDART, Miss, Tower House, Surbiton Hill. Hudson, Mrs., Glenrose, Longley Road, Tooting. Hudson, Arthur B., F.S.I. , C.C, 17 Godliman Street, E.C. Hudson, Charles Elliott Leopold Barton, Warden, The Middlesex Hospital College, \y. Hudson, Cunningham, 14 St. Mary Axe, E.C. HUD.S0N, George B., 15 Gloucester Square, Hyde Park, W. Hudson, Robert A., 39 Oakley Street, Chelsea, S.W. Hudson, Sid. M., 36 Tremadoc Road, Clapham, S.W. Hudson, William, 50 Marlborough Hill, N.W. Hudson, William, Hope Lodge, 181 Grove Lane, Camberwell, S.E. HuiTON, Frederick, The Hawthorns, Grantham Road, Sparkbrook, Birmingham. Hughes, A. S., Park House, St. Thomas, Exeter. Hughes, E., Cutler Street AVarehouses, E. Hughes, H. Seymour, 86 Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, AA'. Hughes, Henry, Penygarn, Pontyi)ool. Hughes, Henry H., Market Place, Abingdon. Hughes, J. Coleman, The Den, Walton-on- Thamcs, Surrey. FIUGHE.S, Lieut.-Colonel Taleouru, snd K.A.\', (Baker's Company), 198 P.mragc Road, Plumstead. Hughes, W. H., 65 Clarendon Road, Holland I'ark, W. Hughes, William Essington, 89 Alexandra Road, South Hampstead, N.W. Hughes-Hughes, William, J. P., 5 Highbury Quadrant, N. Huinsworth, Lewis, 120 Bowling Old Lane, Bradford, Yorks. Huke, Alfred N., Eastgate, Chester. Hull, Charles Napier, Okenholt, Flint, North Wales. Hull, E. C. P., 4 Fenchurch .'\vcnue, E.C. Humble, Rev. J. R., 2 Dean's Yard, Westminster, S.W. Humphry, C. H., Lower Camden, Chislehurst. Humphrey.s, Alfred W., Canonbury Constitu- tional Club, Canonbury Tower, N. Humphreys, Charles Octavious, 41 Norfolk Square, Hyde Park, W. Hunt, Miss A., 39 \\'hite Post Lane, Hackney Wick, N.E. Hunt, Albert F., Alderwasley, Derby. Hunt, J., 31 Great St. Helen's, E.C. Hunt, John, 222 Upper Thames Street, E.C. Hunter, Colonel, Plas Coch, I.lanfairpwll, Anglesca. Hunter, A. J., Wm. Graham and Co., 48 Sack- ville Street, Manchester. Hunter, James, i i Watts Street, New York City, New York, U.S.A. Hunter, John, Northfield, Belper. Hunter, John D., and Son.s, Armley. Hunter, P., 113 Belsize Road, N.W. Hunter, Robert, General Post Office, E.C. HussEV, George A., Manager Imperial Hotel, Torquay. Hutchinson, J., jun., 16 Finsbury Circus, E.C. Hutchinson, J. H., 42 Lancaster Gate, Hyde Park, W. Hutchinson, Rev. T. S., 3 Bridewell Place, E.C. Hutt, Arthur B., 147 Pcadonhall Street, E.C. HuTTON, William L, Aughton, Ormskirk. IlviiF, 1<'>umund, Hillcrest, Castle Bar, Ealing, W. IIVDF, W., Town-Clerk, Stockport. Ihsi.di', A\'ii.liam, Bedford Park, Croydon. LIST OF SUBSCRTIU'.US 3-» -i Incpf.n, EnwARn T., 20 Steele's Road, Ilavcr- stock Hill, N.W. INGPEN, J. E., 7 The Hill, Tutncy, S.W. Ingram, John, Loughton, Essex. Inkster, Lawrence, Battersea Public Lilirary, Lavender Hill, S.W. Innes, John, 48 Kyverdale Road, N. Inskip, Captain George H., R.N., 22 Torrington Place, Plymouth. Inskip, Rev. Robert Mills, R.N., C.B., 22 Torrington Place, Plymouth. Iredale, Andrew, 13 Strand, Torquay. Iredale, George H., Edgerton, Torquay. Ironmongers' Company, The, Ironmongers' Hall, Fenchurch Street, E.C. Irvine, James, 28 Upper Manor Street, Chelsea, S.W. Isaac, H., 33 Grove Road, Highgate Road, N.\\'. Isaacs, Alderman Sir H. A., St. George's House, Eastcheap, E.C. Isaacson, F. J. Wootton, Inner Temple, E.C. IvANHOE Club, Rotherham. Iv.\TT, Mrs., Coveney, Finchley. IvisoN, James M., i Crosskey Square, Little Britain, E.C. IvisoN, S., I Crosskey Square, Little Britain, E.C. Izard, Frederic R., 13 St. John's Park, N. Jackson, C. E., 56 Lennard Road, Penge, S.E. Jackson, Charles Stennett, Layton's Buildings, 199 Borough High Street, S.E. Jackson, Charles Wakefield, Somerby, 10 1 Tulse Hill, S.W. Jackson, Edward, 19 Cullum Street, E.C. J.\CKS0N, George, 97 Gloucester Place, Portman Square, W. Jackson, Lieut.-Colonel H. F., Secretary, East India United Service Club, 16 St. James's Square, S.W. Jackson, John, Ford House, Ulverstone. Jackson, John, 38 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Jackson, Mrs. John J., Lowood, Shooter's Hill, Kent. Jackson, Richard, 16 and 17 Commercial Street, Leeds. Jackson, \V'. C., 2 Vicarage Gate, Kensington, W. Jackson, Walter, 6 Crosby Square, E.C. Jackson, William, 29 Marlborough Road, Upper Holloway, N. Jacob, C'iiari.es J., The Library, Basingstoke. Jacob, Fred., The Elms, Hampton Wick. Jacobson, Dr., Slcaford, Lincolnshire. Jacobson, William, and Co., 86 Leadenhall Street, E.C. J ACOBV, M., Lynwood, The Avenue, Gip.sy Hill, S.E. Jacques, \\'ili.iam, Derbyshire Courier Office, Chesterfield. Jaeger, Henry, Knappenbergstr. 2, Dortmund, AVestphalia. Jaffrey, Miss L. I'.., 8 Queen's Ride, Barnes, S.E. Jakeman and Carver, 4 and 5 High Town, Hereford. James, Coram, 45 Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, W. James, Edgar Wallwvn, i Copthall Chambers, E.C. James, G. C, Tregelles, Southend-on-Sea. James, Captain Walter W., 57 Lexham Gardens, W. Janes, Thomas Murray, The ^Valnuts, East Molesey, Surrey. Jannings, Edward, 16 Fenchurch Street, E.C. Jardine-de-Vol, Mrs. Annie, New \'ork City. Jarki), H., 42 King William Street, E.C. Jarrold and Sons, Norwich. Jarrold and Sons, 3 Paternoster Building.s, E.C. Jarvis, John, 55 Ladbroke Grove, ^\'. Jarvls, John S., Devon House, Clapham Com- mon, S.W. Jarvis and Foster, Lome House, Bangor. Jaye, Mrs. Isabella, 63 Rectory Road, Stoke Newington, N. Jefferies, Rev. Edward, Grasmere. Jeffery, Joseph, Shrubland, Dallington Park, Northampton. Jehring, J. H. D., Enmore House, Woodside, S.E. Jehu, J. D., Holly Lodge, Keston, Kent. Jehu, Richard, 33 Mark Lane, E.C. JENKINS, Edgar F., Doctors' Commons, E.C. Jenkins, Hilton Thomas, 6 Dawson Place, Bays- water, ^\'. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Jenkins, J. S., Rose Cottage, Barnard's Green, jMalvcrn. Jenkins, Rev. John, D.D., LL.D., 39 Walde- grave Road, Norwood, S.E. Jenkins, Sir John J., Knt., J.P.D.L., The Grange, Swansea. Jennens, Joseph, West Wing, Holford House, Regent's Park, N.W. Jennings, J. T, 49 Bridge Avenue, Hammer- smith, \V. Jennings, Sir John R., Knt., Reigatc, Surrey, and Drapers' Hall. Jennings, Rev. Nathl., 8 Broadhurst Gardens, South Hampstead, N.W. Jennings, R. E., 60 Portland Place, W. Jerome, Jerome K., Chelsea Gardens, S.W. Jervis, I.ieut.-Colonel William, Chatkyll, Laurie Park, Sydenham. Jessop, William, jun., ^^'argrave, Henley-on- Thames. Jeune, Francis H., Q.C, 37 Wimpole Street, W. Jewell, J. H., ^^'esterham, Edenbridge, Kent. Jewers, Arthur J., E.S..\., Wells, Somerset. Jewers, Tweed D. A., Borough Librarian, Free Public Library, Portsmouth. Jewesburv, E. Dearman, 2 Mincing Lane, E.C. Jex-Blake, Rev. T. W., D.D., xMvechurch, Worcestershire. JOBSON, W. W., 16 Fish Street Hill, E.C. Johnson, Charles Plumptre, 23 Cork Street, W. Johnson, Cuthbert, M.D., F.Z.S., F.H.S., Wal- dronhyrst, Croydon, Surrey. Johnson, Edwin, St. Paul's Road Board School, Bow, E. Johnson, Harry, 28 Petty Cury, Cambridge. Johnson, Harry T., Thome Lea, Brighton Grove, Rusholme, Manchester. Johnson, Henry Ht.ming, 5 Austin Friars, E.C. Johnson, J. R. Kirbv, 145 Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, Kent, S.E. Johnson, Joseph, 7-9 George Street Parade, Birmingham. Johnson, L. PL, 10 P^cnchurch .Avenue, IvC. Johnson, Robert, The Hope House, Little Burstead, I'.illcricay, Essex. Johnson, Rev. Robert, Hornchurch Vicarage, Essex. Johnson, Robert A., 13 Tredegar Square, E. Johnson, W. C, The Dignaries, S.E. Johnson, W. T., 57 Jamaica Row, Birmingham. Johnston, Major, Postcliffe, Peterculter, Aberdeen- shire, N.B. Johnston, Alex., Acton House, Lyndhurst Road, Hampstead, N.W. Johnston, James, 53 Torrington Square, Blooms- bury, W.C. Johnston, William, 43 Cambridge Road, Hove, Brighton. Johnston, William, 38 St. Andrew's Hill, Doctors' Commons, E.C. Johnstone, G. B. Spencer, 2 1 Lombard Street, E.C. Johnstone, J. H., Bignor Park, Pulborough, Sussex. Johnstone, James, 55 South Bridge, PMinburgh. Johnstone-Burt, Charles, i 2 Westbourne Park Villas, Bayswater, \\'. Joicey, James, M.P., Longhirst, Northumberland. Jonas, Alfred, 3 Old Serjeants' Inn, Chancery Lane, W.C. Jones, Mrs., Tower Dock, London, E.C. Jones, Alex., and Co., 75A Queen ^"ictoria Street, E.C. Jones, C. d. Jones, C. G., 31 Exeter Road. Brondesbury, N.W. Iones, E. O., 13 Burton Road, Brondesbury, N.\\'. Jones, Edward, 77 Queen Street, E.C. Jones, Edward, Mayor, \Miitehall Place, Pwll- heli. Jones, Edwin, J. P., Taymouth House, Amhurst Road, Hackney Downs, N.E. Jones, Miss Eliza, EUenbank, Leigham Court Road, Streatham, S.W. Iones, George W., 20-22 St. Bride Street, E.C. Jones, Gi'.orge J., Wheelgate, Malton. Jones, John, 8 Church Street, Wellington, Salop. Jones, Miss Mary, 5 i Torrington Sijuarc, W.C. Jones, Percy L, 35 Exchange Chambers, Liver- pool. I.ISr OI- SUBSCRIBERS •1 -> r oj5 JoNKS, R. and I)., 28 IJrunswick Sticcl, l.ivcriwol. JoNKS, Dr. RuTHKRtouD, l':ailswoocl \'illa, Upper ("lapton. Jones, T. Harlev, M.A. Cantab., Willcsdcn, Middlesex. Jones, William, 134 Earlluun Crove, Forest Gate, E. Jones, William, 8 Shepherd's Hush Creen, W. JoNytJiEREs, L. DE, 2() LainUoii Road, Ilornsey Rise, N. JiLXsoN, G. C. /vsiiTON, 23 Austiii Friars, E.C. Joi'i.iNo, Joseph, 49 Finsbury Pavement, E.C. Jordan, Frederick \\"ii,liam, M.R.C.S., Heaton Chapel, Stockport. Jordan, Leonard, 59 Blomfield Road, Maida Hill, AV. JosELiN, J. E., 81 Bennerley Road, New Wands- worth, S.A\'. Joseph, Edward Aldek, Royal Victoria Yard, Deptford, S.E. Josephs, Arthur Levin, Roseneath, Broxbourne, Herts. Joss, John. Jov, Edmund, 51 Nelson Square, Blackfiiars Road, S.E. Joyce, T. Heath, Freshford, South Hill, Bromley, Kent. Judd, James, J.R, East Knoll, Upper Norwood, Surrey. Juuii, Walter, Phccni.x Works, Doctors' Commons, E.C. Jung, Charles A., Blanch F\arm, South Myms. Junior Army and Navy Stores, Limited, York House, Regent Street, S.W. Jury, W. J., Lnperial Hotel, Belfast. JuTA, J. C, and Co., Cape Town. Kahlert, ]\Lax, 2 Crosby Square, E.C. K.VN.AAR, A. J., 6 Bancroft Road, Mile End, E. Kareerg, Peter, 5 East Lidia Avenue, E.C. Karslake, Lewls, 5 Great Queen Street, West- minster, S.W. Kay, Jacob, 64 Bolton Road, Pendleton, Man- chester. Kean, John M., 7 CharlcviUc Terrace, North Circular Road, Dublin. Keay, Ai.E.K. Raleigh, 27 Ambler Road, Finsbury Park, N. Keeui.e, Charles, 70 Holland Road, Brixton. Keene, Richard, Derby. Keeson, Charles a. C, 17 Red Lion Square, W.C. Kell, a. R., Dodworth Road, Barnsley. Kelly, E. Festu.s, 51 Great Queen Street, W.C Kelly, A\illiam, 50 Lincoln's Inn Field.s, W.C. Kelly, William, F.S.A., F.R.H.S., Ivy Lodge, Ale.\andra Road, Knighton, Leicester. Kelvey, Charles, 29 Norfolk Road, Avenue Road, N.W. Kemiile, Tho.mas, Runwell Hall, Wickford. Kendal, Thom.\.s, 50 Argyll Road, Kensington, A\'. Kennaki), Mrs., Marnhull Rectory, Blandford, Dorset. Kennard, Mrs. E. H., Chesterfield Garden.s, W. Kennard, Howard J., 20 Hyde Park Terrace, W. Kennedy, W., Librarian, Haileybury College, Hert- ford. Kennett, Joseph H., St. Donatt's Road, New Cross, S.E. Kent, Albert E., 8 r \Vy\e Cop, Shrewsbury. Kent, Arthur B., n Great ALarlborough Street, W. Kent, Euward, 20 Royal E.xchange, E.C. Kent, H. W., Kent's Hotel, Norfolk Street, Strand, W.C. Kent, \Y. and S., and Sons, Upton-on-Severn. Kent, William Hardman, i Buckingham Villas, \\'ellington Street, Cheltenham. Kerby and Co., 440 Oxford Street, W. Kerr, AN'illiam R., i 2 AVhitehall Place, S.W. Kershaw, Mrs. Hucjhes, 14 Porchester Square, Hyde Park, W. Kershaw, John, 15 New Street, Bishopsgate Street, E. Kershaw, Thomas, 38 Baker Street, Portman Square, W. Kessler, I-". \V., 3 Pinner's Court, Old Broad Street, E.C. Key, W. H., 89 and 90 Taff Street, Pontypridd. 336 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Keyser, Sir PoLVDOKic 1>E, Cliatham House, Grove Road, Clapham Park, S.W. Keyvvokth, Rev. Thomas, 99 Waterloo Crescent, Halifox. Run., William, Palace Buildings, Whitehall Street, Dundee. Kidman, Fred., Ormesby House, Great Yarmouth. KiLBURNE, William R., City School of Commerce, 38 Finsbury Pavement, E.G. Kii.LBY, James, 65 Stamford Hill, N. Rillby, Thomas, 152 Highbury New Park, N. KiMPTON, Henry, 185 Fleet Street, E.G. King, B. F., Cheriton, Lower Downs Road, Epsom. Kino, Charles T, 105 and 106 High Street, Lymington. Ring, Daniel, 14 St. Mary Axe, E.G. Ring, Edwin J., 14 St. Mary Axe, E.G. King, Frank W. M., Billiter Square Buildings, E.G. King, Franklin Sydney, Waverley Villa, 6 Wellesley Road, Croydon. Ring, George, 92 Cheapside, E.G. Ring, H. C, The Grange, Highgate, N. RiNc;, Henry A., 25 Haringey Park, Grouch End, N. Ring, Henry S., and Co., 65 Gornhill, E.G. Ring, Herbert, Ilford, E. Ring, James, 8 Fowkes' Buildings, Great Tower Street, E.G. Ring, James M., 3 Powis Road, Brighton. Ring, John, 19 Hyde Park Gate, S.W. Ring, John, Iford House, near Ghristcluirch, Hants. Ring, Joseph, Welford House, 13 Arkwright Road, Hampstcad, N.W. Ring, Joseph E. S., 16 l-'insbury Circus, E.G. Ring, Thomas, 243 Room, Royal Courts of Justice. Ring, Zephaniaii, ]'". R.I.I!. ,\., i 7 i Victoria Street, S.W. King-Church, S., Royal Bank liuikliiigs, 123 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G. Ring-Faklow, A. R., 4 Ring Street, Cheapside, E.G. Ringdon, James S., 34 Bedford Row, W'.G. Ringdon, William Fred., Fairlight, Manor Road, Stoke Newington, N. Ringham, J., Earlsmead, The Butts, Brentford. Ringsbury, W. J., 35 Gourtfield Gardens, South Rensington, S.W. RiNGSCOTE, Thomas, 5 AVater Lane, E.G. Ringsford, Mrs., 35 Queen's Gate (lardens, S.W. Ringsford, F. W., M.A., Rural Dean of Hackney, St. Thomas's Vicarage, 67 Clapton Common, N.E. Rinninmont, Alexander T., 18 Clifton Villas, Maida Vale, W. RiRBERGER and Resper, Amsterdam. RiRBY, Thomas, Bradford Street, Walsall. RiRKwooD, George, 2 North Street, Peterborough. Ristner, O., Leipzig. RiTTO, Rev. J. F., St. Martin's Vicarage, Charing Cross, AV.C. RiYOOKA, R., 29 Finsbury Park Road, South Hornsey, N. Rlein, Sydney T, F.L.S., F.R.A.S., etc., Stanmore Observatory, Great Stanmore, Middlesex. Rlein, Willia.m, 24 Belsize Park, Hampstead, N.W. Rnaggs, William Thomas, 40 Albert Terrace, Middlesbrough. Rnight, Charles, 15 George Street, Mansion House, E.G. Rnight, Charles H., Bank of England, Temple Bar, W.C. Rnight, George, .Vlbion Place, London Wall, E.G. Knight, H. T, 249 Evering Road, Clapton, N.E. Rnight, Henry E., Rnight and Alderman of tlie City, 101 Cheapside, E.G. Knight, John, Treasurer of the Hon. Society of New Inn, Strand, W.C. Knight, Kempster Walter, Royal Library, Worthing. Knight, Thos. C, Crosby House, Avenue Gardens, Mill Hill Park, Acton. Knight, W. J., 147 and 149 High Street, N'entnor, I.W. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS 337 Knii.l, John, Fresh W'liarf, London Bridge, K.C. Knili., Alderman Stuakt, of the Ward of Bridge, Sheriff of the City of London, Fresh ^\'harf, London Bridge, E.C. Knii'K, Henry R., 54, \\'ill)ury Road, West Brighton. Knowlks, Charles, Shaftesbury House, The Terrace, Kensington, W. Knowles, T. F., 48 Moorgate Street, E.C. Knox, D. J., 14 Hillhead Gardens, Glasgow. Knox, H. P., Brewers' Quay, Lower Thames Street, E.C. Krausse, a. S., 41 Broadhurst Gardens, South Hampstead, N.W. Kruse, Henry, Dean I'arm, East Farleigli, Kent. Lacey, Arthur Williahf, Swiss Cottage, Dacre Park, Lee, S.E. Lacheur, J. A. LE, 58 Lombard Street, E.C. Ladenburg, Alfred, 2 Inverness Terrace, Bays- water, \^'. Ladies of the Postal Order Branch, Receiver and Accountant General's Office, General Post Office, E.C. Laidlaw, L).\vid, jun., 6 Marlborough 'Perrace, Kelvinside, Glasgow. Lake, John Huxtable, Falmouth, Cornwall. LakeA\'alk.er, E., 29 Princes Gate, S.\\'. Lamb, James H., The Latch, Brechin, N.B. La.mb, R., 27 Church Street, Lancaster. Lambe, Uavid \Vight, 2 Melville Street, Edin- burgh. Lambert, Alfred A., 159 Buckingham Palace Road, Pimlico, S.W. Lambert, Major George, 10, 11, and 12 Coventry Street, Piccadilly, W. La.mbert, Major Herbert C, Lena Lodge, Balham Park Road, S.W. Lambourn, Loftus E., 7 i Albyn Road, St. John's, S.E. La.mley and Co., i E.xhibition Road, S.W. L.uiPLUGH, Charles E., D.L., J. P., 72 Cornhill, E.C. Lanaw.w, Hugh, London and County Bank, Dunstable, Beds. Lancaster, George H., no Fenchurch Street, E.C. Lanc.vster, W. J., 142 Holborn Bars, E.C. Lane, H. C, Middleton, Hassocks, Sussex. Lane, Henry, 22 Lime Street, Fenchurch Street, E.C. Lank, Hi nry Arthur, Milcham, Leigham Court Road, Streatham, S.W. Lane, John, F.C.A., Bannercross, Torquay. Lane, Willl\m, Indicator Office, Redditch. Langdale, Mrs. Willlvm, 13 I.adbroke Square, W. Languon, Joseph James, Stock E.xchange, E.C. Langlev, Miss E., 'I'lie I.ovejoy and Southern Counties Library, Reading. Langmore, Wn,LL\M B., M.R.C.S., Dundaire, College Road, Upper Norwood. Langton, Miss Marla, 37 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, W.C. Langton, Phillip, 16 Tindall Street, Vassal] Road, Brixton, S.W. Langton-Featherston, Rev. R. N., Tccton Hall, Northampton. Lankester, Mrs., 5 Upper Wimpole Street, W. Lansdown, George, 16 Duke Street, Trowbridge, Wilts. Lardner, Henry Joseph, 24 and 25 Hosier Lane, West Smithfield, E.C. Larter, George W., 7 Stretton Villas, Gascoync Road, South Hackney Common, N.E. Laun, Henri van, 174 Lancaster Road, Notting Hill, W. Laurie, W. Fred., Secretary, Sweet and Ma.xwell, Limited, 3 Chancery Lane, W.C. Lauteren, Louis, Hattcnheim on the Rhine, Germany. Lavie, Germain, 32 (^ueen Anne's Gate, St. James's Park, S.W. Lavy, Charles, 26 Highbury Grove, N. L.wvFORD, George, 9 Tokcnhouse Yard, E.C. Lawrence, A. J., Rugby. Lawrence, C. ^V., Sandywell Park, Andoversford, Gloucestershire. Lawrence, H. Walton. 338 LIST OF SUBSCRIBIlRS Lawrence, James, Gresham House, Darlington. Lawrence, Sir James Clarke, Bart., 23 Hyde Park Gardens, W. Lawrence, Sir William, 75 Lancaster Gate, W. Lawrence Bros., 28 High Street, Weston-super- Mare. Lawson, C. Griffin, C.E., The Green, Southgate, N. Lawson, Harry Lawson Webster, 37 Grosvenor Square, ^V. Lawson, W. N., 19 Dorset Square, N.^\■. Lawton, Edgar H., 3 Savage Gardens, Tower, E.G. Laycock, Joseph, 37 Briggate, Leeds. Layton, Albert Henry, 2 1 Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. Layton, Edwin, 39 Loftus Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. Layton, John, 3 Mincing Lane, E.G. Layton, Thomas, F.S.A., C.C., Kew Bridge, Middlesex. Layton, Rev. W. E., M.A., 8 Queen Street, Ipswich. Lea, William, 10 Dalmore Road, West Dulwicli, S.E. Leadenhall Press, The, E.G. Leage, Richard \V., 12 City Road, E.G., and 17 Carleton Road, N. Leake, Charles P'rederick, Hale House, Staines, Middlesex. Ledger, Robert G., 12 Vanbrugh Park Road, Blackheath, S.E. Ledsam, D. 1!., 43 Egerton Gardens, S.W. l.KE, Ja.mks, 78 \\'arwick Gardens, Kensington, \V. Lle, John Harcourt, 10 New Inn, Strand, W.C. Lee, Riciiaud, Headmaster, Cluist's Hospital, LC. Lkk, Sydney H., A.C.A., 130 Ramsden Road, Balham, S.W. Lee and 1'e.mbertons, 44 Lincoln's Inn Pields, W.C. Leech, Mrs., 4 Kensington Palace Gardens, W. Lees, F^dward 1!., 'I'lnuland Castle, Kirkhy Lonsdale. Lees, Rev. Samuel, 67 Hill Toj), West Bromwich. Lego, D. T., 56 Paternoster Row, E.G. Legge, Henry J., Hollyfield, Surbiton Hill, Kingston-on-Thames. Legh, J. P., Villa St. Fran(;ois, Croix des Gardes, Alpes Marilimes, Cannes, France. Leigh, Egerton, Twemboro' Hall, Holmes Chapel. Lemoine, Henry George Benjamin, Moor End, Cleckheaton, Normanton, Yorkshire. Lendon, William Henry, Holmleigh Covers, Cope Road, Beckenham. Leng, Joseph W., 33 Paternoster Row, E.G. Lennard, Arthur, 5 Crown Office Row, Temple, E.G. Lennox, Major- General Sussex William, 23 Elm Park Gardens, S.AV. Lennox, Lady AVilliam, 40 Elizabeth Street, Eaton Square, S.\\'. Leon, Miss, 34 Princes Square, Bayswater, W. Leonardt, C. D., 100 Charlotte Street, Birming- ham. Leslie, Alexander, iio Kennington Road, S.E. Leslie, D. C, 15 Furnivars Inn, E.G. Lester, Edward, 4 King Edward Road, Rochester. Letts, Charles, and Co., 3 Royal Exchange, E.G. Levi, W. J., 164 High Street, Stourbridge. Levy, J., 59 Fenchurch Street, E.G. Levy, Jonas, 4 \'erulam Buildings, Gray's Inn, W.C. Lewes, Lieut.-Colonel G. Alban, Royal Military College, York Town, Surrey. Lewis, Rev. Arthuk, The Parsonage, I.ilile Bredy, Dorchester, Dorset. Lewis, Fred. W., 23 Beaufort Road, Clifton, Bristol. Lewis, H. K., 136 Gower Street, W.C. Lewis, James, Selkirk. Lewis, Stuart A., 50 Rectory Square, Stepney, E. Lewis, W. Thoma.s, 22A Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, S.W. Lewis, William, /in/A J/c-iv/i/, Bath. LiBoiTAN, Miss Sarah A. C, 3 Craven Street, Strand. LIST OF SUI5SCRI1!I-.RS 339 Libraries, Manchester Free Puiii.ic (Charles j \y. Sutton, Chief Librarian). ) LiiiRARN', Aberdeen Puiu.ic (per A. \V. Robertson, M.A., Librarian). LI^.RAR^■, AsTOR, New York. LiiiRARv, B.VTTERSEA Pup.Lic, Lavcndcr Hill, S.W. LiHRARN', Boston Public, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. r.ir.RARV, Central Free, Surrey Street, Sheffield. LinRARv, Cincinn.\ti Public. Lihrary, Clerkenwell Public (James D. Brown, Librarian), Skinner Street, E.C. Limrarv, Corporation of Manchester. Library, Free, Newport, Mon. (Robert H. Johns, Secretary). Library, Free Public, Birkenhead. Lii'.RAUv, Free Public, Heywood, Lancashire (James Leach, Librarian), Library, Free Public, Plymouth. Library, Free Public, Southampton. Library, Free Public, Sydney, New South A\'ales. Library, The Galicnani, Paris. Lir.RARY, Guildhall, E.C. (Charles \\'elch, F.S.A., Librarian). Library, London, St. James's Square, S.W. (per Robert Harrison, Librarian). Library, The ALtchell, 6o Ligram Street, Glasgow. Library, Mudie's Select, Llmited, New O.xford Street, W. Library, The People's Palace, Mile End Road, E. Library, Ports.mouth Free Public (Tweed D. A. Jewers, Borough Librarian). Library, Putney Free, Putney, S.W. Library, Rochdale Free Public (George Han- son, Librarian). Library, Secunderabad, The Hon. Sccretary,Lidia. Library, The Signet, Edinburgh. Library, Southampton Free Public. Library Company, Philadelphia. Library of Congress, Washington. Library of Parliament, Ottawa, Canada. Lighthipe, C. A., Orange, N.J. Lilly, W. B., 7 Gloucester Crescent, Regent's Park, N.W. Lincoln, Willi a.m, 239 High Holborn, W.C. Lindo, G., and Co., 80 Coleman Street, E.C. Lindsay, Charles Boucher, 4 Cullum Street, E.C. Lindsay, Charles R., Glen Lea, Dulwich Common. LiNDSF.Y, Mark John, 32 Ludgate Hill, E.C. Lineham, I'.lijah, Wath-upon-Dearne, near Rothcr- ham, Yorkshire. Lines, R. S., Noel House, Fore Street, Hertford. Ling, Henry, Dorchester. Ling, Henry, 18 Vicarage Street, Warminster, Wilts. Linton, Mrs., Stirtloe House, Buckdcn, Hunting- donshire. Lister, James, Rockwood House Hydropathic Establishment and Sanatorium, Ilkiey, near Leeds. Litchfield, Frederic John, Blenheim House, St. Helen's Road, Hastings. Litchfield, Lieut. -Colonel E. F., East Lidia United Service Club, 1 6 St. James's Square, S.AV. LiTKiE, V. A., Oakley, Hornsey, N. Littell, Robt. B., I Spenser Road, Dulwich Road, Heme Hill, S.E. Little, Mrs. Thomas, 44 Regent's Park Road, N.W. Little, AV'illiam, 3 Park Row, Albert Gate, S.W. Littler, Ralph D. M., Q.C, 4 Temple Gardens, Temple, E.C. Littler, T. A., King Street, Manchester. LiiTLETON, P. R., The Ivies, Ashburne, Derby. Littlewood, Miss, Success Cottage, Crick, Rugby. LiVESEY, James, C.E., Broad Street Avenue, Blomfield Street, E.C. LivESEY, John, Reform Club, Pall Mall, S.W. Livett, Dr. H. W., J. P., Wells, Somerset. Livett, Noblett R., 72 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. LiviNG.STON, Willia.m, Eastcheap Buildings, E.C. Lloyd, E. O. V., J. P., Berth, Ruthin, North Wales. Lloyd, J. H., Merton Lane, Plighgate. Lloyd, John, Garrison Librarian, Aldershot. Lloyd, John M., Secretary, Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., Moorgate Street, E.C. 340 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Lloyd, John Manning, iS Moorgate Street, E.G. Lloyd, T. Howard, 90 Mary Street, Balsall Heath, Birmingham. Lloyd, William Henry, Albemarle House, East Twickenham. Lloyd-Jones, A., Newlands, Mount Ephraim Road, Streatham. LocKETT, Richard R., Enmore, Alexandra Drive, Liverpool. Lockhart, William, 67 Granville Park. Rlack- heath, S.E. Lockwood, John, 2 i Swinbourne Grove, Withing- ton, near Manchester. LocKwooD (Croshy) and Son, 7 Stationers' Hall Court, E.C. LoESCHER and Co., Rome. I^OFFET, LuciEN, Acacias, Ambleside Avenue, Streatham, S.W. LoFTi, Henry, Oakmcrc, Potters Bar. LoFTiE, Mrs., 3A Sheffield Terrace, Campden Hill, W. Logan, Mrs., 1 1 North Road, Clai)ham Park, s.^^•. London and County Bank Lif.rary', 21 Lombard Street, E.C. London Institute, The, Finsbury Circus, E.C. LoN(;, Claude H., M.A., 50 Marine Parade, Brighton. Long, Samuel James, 3 Western \"illas, Bath Road, Hounslow, W. LoNGCROFT, Cecil J., 38 Ickburgh Road, Upper Clapton, N.E. Loraine, Sir Lambton, Bart., 7 Montagu Square, W. LouGHiiOROUGH, Arthur, Bryn Derwen, Mares- field Gardens, Hampstead, N.\\'. Louttit, Miss, 24 Netting Hill Square, W. LouniT, D. S., Eastcheap, E.C. LouTiiT, S. H., Trcmalon, Grove Road, Clapham I'ark, S.W. I,ov.\TT, Henry Turner, 15 \\'ine Office Court, Fleet Street, E.C. Love, William, 226 Argyle Street, Glasgow. Lovecrove, Henry, F.S.I. , A.R.LB.A., 26 Budge Row, C!annon Street, E.C. LovELL, Richard J., A.R.LB.A., 46 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. LovELL, William H., 37 West Cromwell Road, South Kensington, S.AV. LoviBOND, Mrs., 32 Lancaster Road, Belsize Park, N.W. Low, George, F.R.I.B.A., TO Basinghall Street, E.C. Low, Miss Marie, 60 Park Road, Haverstock Hill, N.W. Low (Sampson), Marston and Co., Limited, St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, E.C. Lowe, Dillon R.-L., 2 Temple Gardens, Temple, E.C. Lowe, Francis, Lemsford Road, St. Albans. Lowe, H. F., 80 Beverley Road, Hull. Lowe, J. E., 2 Laurence Pountney Hill, E.C. Lowe, Richard, Stamp Office, Shifnal. Lowenstein, C., Burton House, Loughborough. Lowther, Captain Francis 'William, R.N., 73 Pont Street, Belgrave Square, S.W. Lowther, James W., 16 Wilton Crescent, S.W. LuDOLDT, Paul, 3 Breakspear Road, S.E. Lucas, Matthew Bernard, 18 Penywern Road, Kensington. Lucas, J. Duffett, Stapleton Road, Bristol. Lucas, R. Clement, B.S., M.B., F.R.C.S., iS Finsbury Square, E.C. Lucas, Sir Thomas, Bart., 37 Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. Lucy, F., The Library, 13 A\'ellington Street, Teignmouth. Lucy and Birch, 45 High Street, Uxbridge. Ludford, T. S., Crescent Lodge, The Oval, Hackney Road, E. LuLS, Charles H., 6 and 7 Barbican, E.C. LuKACii, J. H., 31 F>mi)eror"s Gate, S.W. Luke, W. H., 8 Bedford Street, Plymouth. Li'KER, Frank, Mount Road, Madras. LuKER, Harry, 22 Netting Hill Square, ^^^ LuKER, Henry, Faringdon House, SoutluMul, Essex. Ix'KER, John, Newnham, Thurlow Park Road, West Dulwich, S.E. LuKER, T., Miiuiii Road, Madras. LIST OF SURSCKir.F.RS 54' I,UKF.R, William, 22 Netting Hill S(]uarc, W. LuKER, William, juii., 29 Rowan Rnatl, T.rook Green, \\'. LuKF.R and Co., Advertiser Office, Faringdon. Ma( uoNAi.n, George, "W'crnctli Fodgc, Alexandra Park, Manchester. i\F\cnoNALn, John, 14 Newcastle Street, l''ar- ringdon Street, E.G. Lund, Charles, 16 Ladbroke Stiuare, Notling j Macdonald, Ranald, 17 Mowbray Road, Hill, W. Brondcsbury, N.\V. LuPTON, Miss M. G., 9 St. Lawrence Road, Nortli Mac Farlan, F, Livermay, Lake Road, \\'inible Kensington, W S..S. " Lusi.TANiA," Orient Fine Royal Mail Steamer ; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.G. LusK, Sir Andrew, Bart., 63 Fcncluinh Street, E.G. LusoN, Gerhard J., F.ank of ICngland, London, E.G. LussiGNEA, Alfred, Brockhill, Lansdowne Road, South Woodford. LuTUZciiE, Stanley George, 3 Chichester Terrace, Brighton, Sussex. Luvster, Mrs. A. L., 18 Barnsbury I'ark, N. LuYSTER, S. B., 10 Silver Street, W.C. Lyddon, Spencer, Fouth Lodge, Richmond, Surrey. Lye, John Gaunt, F.R.G.S., St. Helen's Terrace, The Park, Hastings, Sussex. Lyell, Robert, Raven's Craig, Leigham Court Road, Streatham, S.W. Lyon, Herbert G., Uplands, Greenhill, Hamp- stead, N.W. Lyon, William O., Glamis, Nicoll Road, Harles- den, N.W. Lyons, Mrs. Edmund, 20 Kensington Court Mansions. Lyons-Pike, Charles William de, 37 Bedford Row, W.C. Lyte, H. C. Maxwell, C.B., 3 Portman Square, W. Lyttelton, Hon. G. W. Spencer, 49 Hill Street, W. Mabin, Frank, 10 Union Street, Plymouth. M.\cAlister, J. Y. W., F.S.A., Editor of The Library, 20 Hanover Square, \V. Macandrew, James, Belmont, Mill Hill, N.\\'. i\F\ccoLL, Norman, 4 Netting Hill Square, W. Macdonald, Alexander, 42 Ham Frith Road, Romford Road, Stratford, E. don, Surrey. Macgeorge, James, 67 Marloes Road, W. MacGrec.or, Walter \., 61 Stanhope Gardens, Queen's Gate, S.W. MacGregor, W. Laird, Craigcrostan, Arcachon, France. Machin, Edwin, 25 Martineau Street, Birming- liam. Macintvre, C. J., 3 Brougham Street, Greenock. AF\CK, R. E., 24 St. Bride Street, E.G. Mack, William F., 70 i'ark Street, and 52 Park Row, liristol. Mackenzie, Michael, Ashtead Fodgc, near Epsom. Mackenzie, Major W. M., 10 Harlcy Gardens, S.W. AFvcKini.ay, Alexander, The Faurels, Fitherland, Liverpool. MACKINNON, Duncan, 13 Austin Friars, E.G. M.\ckinnon, J., 8 Hyde Park Gardens, W. Mackrow, Miss F., Essex Lodge, Plaistow, E. AL\CK\voRTH, Miss F. A. M., Delamore, Bishop's Teignton, South Devon. MacLachlan, Peter, 134 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. Maclehose, James, and Sons, 61 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. Macmillan and Bowes, Cambridge. Macneur and Bryden, Helensburgh. ^F\CNIVEN and Wallace, 138 Princes Street, Edinburgh. AF\CPHERS0N, C. A., Priory Mansions, Kilburn, N.W. M'Ausi.ANE, James (Messrs. John Connell and Co.), 1 2 Mark Lane, E.G. M'Cheane, Rev. H. Dalgety, Faleham Vicarage, Staines. M'Clean, Rev. Donald Stuart, B.A., F.R.G.S.. Han well Rectorv, Middlesex. 342 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS M'CoRMACK, Wii.i.iAM James, jun., 20 Kensington Court, W. M'CoKQUODALE and Co., Limited, Cardington Street, Euston, N.W. M'COY, M. P., Hazeldene, Avenue Road, Crouch End, N. M'Craw, James, 24 Queensborough Terrace, Kensington Gardens, W. M'DoNALD, J., 1 1 Wood Market, Kelso. M'DouGALL, J., 72 ALark Lane, E.C. M'DouGALL, jAitES Wm. T.wlor, F.S.Sc, I and 2 St. James Square, Edinburgh. M'DowALL, Mrs., Lincuan, Coolhurst Road, Crouch End, N. MT)owall, Andrew, 14 Bow Lane, E.C. M'DowALL, Andrew, 166 Holland Road, Kensington, W. M'DowALL, Henry, Athol House, KnatchbuU Road, Camberwell, S.E. M'DowELL, Thom.\s (Messrs. Carter and Company, Limited), Niagara Falls, New York. M'EUEN, D. P., 24 Pembridge Square, W. M'Farlane, Rev. Dr., Elmstone Lodge, Promham Road, Bedford. M'Gee, William, J. P., iS Nassau Street, Dublin. M'Glashan, John, 114 Candleriggs, Glasgow. M'Henry, James, Oak Lodge, Addison Road, Kensington, W. M'Kelvie, David B., Greenock. M'Kelvie, Duncan A., Greenock. M'Kenna, Reginald, i Dr. Johnson's Build- ings, Temple, E.C. M'Kenzie, William, 30 Queen's Terrace, St, John's Wood, N.AV. M'Kii.LiAM, RonERT, M.D., Bennett Park, Black- heath, S.E. M'l.KLLAND, George, 4 Onslow Villas, Muswcll Hill Road, Highgatc, N. M'Taggart, W. B., 151 Cannon Street, E.C. M'TiER, F., 268 and 270 Oxford Street, W. M'^\■ILLL\M, Mrs., 51 Queensborough Terrace, Hyde Park, W. M'\\'iLi,L\M, O. ('.. R., 71 (Jornwall Gardens, S.W. Madden, F. W., M.R.H.S,, 13 Grand Parade, Brighton. Magowan, W. and S., 106 Hill Street, Newry. Magrath, Colonel J. P., Bann-aboo, County We.xford, Ireland. Main, Alexander, Arbroath. Maitland, Edward, i 7 Knightrider Street, E.C. Majolier, Edouard, 20 Bramham Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Makower, M., 40 Old Change, E.C, Malden, J, C, Earl Villa, Grove Road, Woodford, Esse.x. Mallory, Daniel, Essex Place, Cheltenham. Manero, a. a., 34 Old Broad Street, E.C. M.\nger, ■\^'. T., 9 Gracechurch Street, E.C. Manlove, Miss Ann, Librarian, Sheffield Librarj', Surrey Street, Sheffield. Mann, H,, 3 Park Avenue, ^\'illesdcn Green, N.W, Mann, Miss Kate M,, Harley Street, Bow, E. Manners, George, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, Surrey, Manning, Alfred, 4 Lower Thames Street, E,C, Manning, H. J,, 5 Pump Court, Temple, E.C, Manning, James G., 16 Greenwood Road, Dalston, N.E. Manuel, M. B., 5 Aubrey Road, Holland Park, \\'. Manwaring, Edward, 4 Edward Street, Peckhani, S.E, Mapplebeck, Thomas, Rochester House, Boule- vard, Kingston-upon-Hull, Yorkshire. Marchant, John Burrell, Debdale, Newstead Road, Lee, Marchant, Rop.ert George, 4 King's Bench Walk, Temple, E,C, Marchington, Harry, Albert Place, Dickinson Road, Rusholme, Manchester, Margetts, Elizaheth, 22 Netting Hill Square, A\'. Margetts, AV. G., F.R.G.S., RR.H.S., Rings Hill Lodge, near Rochester. MariI'.s, H. D., Woodlands, St. Andrew's, Watford, Herts. Mark, W., Northampton. LIST OF SUI^SCR 1 ni'RS 343 Marki.and, Captain Jamks, Caiisbioukc Castle, Isle of \\1lJ,llt. Marks, Hakrv U., I,.C.C., I.oLidouu Hall, St. John's A\'ood, N.W. Marks, Michaki. II., Solihull, Woodsonic Road, Highgale Road, N.W. Marks and Co., 36 Ciutchcd I'liars, E.C. iMARi, BOROUGH, E., and Co., 51 ( )lil I'.ailcy, I'lC. Mauley, Gkorge, 68 rrince of Wales Road, Norwich. Marriage, E. Burgkss, 24 Campden Hill Gardens, Kensington, W. Marriott, A. We.viherbv, Lincoln's Inn Hall, W.C. Marriott, Joseph Colyer, Shcnstone Villa, Claremont Road, Highgate, N. M.VRSDEN, Richard C, 20 Old Cavendish Street, ^\'. Marsh, John William, D.L., 2 Fen Court, E.C. Marsh, AVilliam, 48 Thornfield Road, Shep- herd's Bush, AV. Marsh, AVilliam Ernest, Marslon, Bromley, Kent. Marshall, M. Wildereorce, 7 Birchin Lane, E.C. Marston, E., St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, E.C. Martelli, Mrs., 6 Prince Arthur Road, Hamp- stead, N.W. Marten, William, i Union Street, Kelso. Martin, F. W. Plant, High Street, Windsor. Martin, G., 6 Foxley Road, Bri.xton, S.W. Martin, J. H., 23 Caroline Street, Eaton Sijuare, S.\\'. Martin, J. W., 49 Tierney Road, Streatham Hill, S.W. Martin, Ja.mes, 4 King Street, Cheapside, E.C. Martin, John Biduulph, 17 Hyde Park Gate, S.W. Martin, Joseph, Pershore. Martin, Richard Biddulph, F.R.G.S., M.A., J. P., Lombard Street, E.C. Martin, Robert, 157 Fenchurch Street, E.C. Martin, Sir Theodore, K.C.B., 31 Onslow Square, S.AV. Martin, William ISiavan, 2 High Siieel, Sandown, Isle of Wigiu. AIaktineau, David, 4 South Road, Ciapham Park, .S.W. .M.\RTiNEAU, 1m)\vard H., 30 Wcyinouth Street, Portland Place, W. Martvn, Charles J., Long Melford Rectory, Suffolk. Martvn, AV. Iv, i8 New Bridge Street, E.C. Masland, William, 31 Fore Street, Tiverton. Maslen, Charles L., 56 Cavendish Road, Kil- burn, N.W. M.vsi.iN, Victor, 41 Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W. Mason, A\'. W., Mayor of Canterbury. ]Massev, F. J., 54 and 55 Bunhill Row, K.C Massie, W. R., 3 Market Hill, Barnsley. Masterman, George II., 35 Coleman Street, E.C. Masterman, William, D.C. L. (Master of the Skinners' Co.), 2 Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C. M.-vsters, Henry J., 5 Cheap Street, Bath. Masters, J. John, ioi Great Tower Street, E.C. Mather, Miss, 15 Hempstall Road, AVest Hampstead, N.\\'. M.vther, George, Uulwich. Matheson,John,M.A., M.D., 14 Gibson Square, N. Mathews, C. Elkin, Vigo Street, W. Mathews, Ernest, Bury Street, E.C. M.vlhews, H. M., Cairo, King Charles Road, Surbiton. M.\THEWS, Henry, 12 Collingham Place, South Kensington, S.W. Mathews, J. Douglass, F. R.I.B.A., C.C, 1 1 Dow- gate Hill, E.C. Mathews, Thomas George, 134 Green Lanes, Stoke Newington, N. Mathias, Thomas, Saundersfoot, Pembrokeshire. M.\thieson, George, 7 Meynell Road, South Hackney. Matier, C. FitzGerald, Mark Masons' Hall, Great Queen Street, W.C. Matthews, Andrew, 91 New Bond Street, W. 344 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Matthews, Edward, 27 Highbury New Park, N. MArrHEws, John E., 102 Fenchurch Street, E.G. Matthews, William, 12 AVigmore Street, W. Matthiessen, I Furnival's Inn, E.G. Maud, William Albert, 15 Goleman Street, E.G. Maud, \Villia.m, 4 Aberdeen Terrace, Blackheath, S.E. Maudslay, Thomas H., Knight's Hill, West Norwood. Maunder, James B. W., 3 Comeragh Road, West Kensington, W., and St. Stephen's Club. Mawe, J. W., 39 High Street, Grantham. Maxey, Henry Jesse,. Whaddon Court, near Gloucester. ;Maxwell, J., and Son, Dumfries. May, Mrs. Rebecca, 5 1 Parkhurst Road, Holloway, N. May, R. J., Pond House, Dulwich, S.E. May, W. Holmes, Nutfield, Balham, S.W. Mayer, Otto, 22 Great St. Helen's, E.G. Mayes, George, Hon. Secretary, Bedford Literary Institute, Bedford. Mayhew, W. F., 59 St. James's Street, S.W. Maynard, Dr., 7 Pymmes Villas, Upper Edmonton. Mead, Charles, 31 Victoria Road, Old Charlton, Kent. Mead, J., Red Hill, Surrey. Mead, T. F., 10 Fore Street, Tiverton, North Devon. MiCADK-KiNG, RicH.\RU R., West Derby, Liver- pool. Meadows, Dr. Baku, 14 i Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W. Meara, G., 197 Chaussee de Malines, Antwerp. Measom, Sir George Samuel, J. P., St. Margaret's Lodge, near Twickenham. Measou, Edward William, St. Aubyn's, Mattock Lane, Ealing, W. Me.vtii, The Earl of, 83 Lancaster Gate, W. Medwin, James, The Grange, New Beckenham, Kent. Meeking, Thomas A., 42 Mincing Lane, E.G. Meeze, Arthur G., Crosby House, Redhill, Surrey. Melles, William, 3 Cripplegate Buildings, E.G., and Sewardbtone, Essex, J. P. Mellor, Frank, i Temple Gardens, Temple, E.G. Melven Bros., 29 Union Street, Inverness. Melven, James, 29 Union Street, Inverness. Melvill, p. S., 72 Philbeach Gardens, S.W. Melville, Arthur H. Leslie, D'Isney Place, Lincoln. Melville, Beresford V., Ford Manor, Lingfield, Surrey. Melville, Mullen and Slade, Collins Street, Melbourne, and i 2 Ludgate Square, E.G. Membrey, J. H., 28 Mincing Lane, E.C. Menhinick, John, St. Mabyn, Cornwall. Menzies, Dr. J. Irvine, Kensington, S.W. Menzies, John, and Co., 12 Hanover Street, Edinburgh. Mercer, William John, 12 Marine Terrace, Margate. Merchant Taylors' Company, The, Merchant Taylors' Hall, Threadneedle Street, E.C. Mercier, Charles, Flower House, Catford, S.E. Merrifield, W. J. G., Liverpool Road, N. Merriman, John J., 45 Kensington Scjuare, Kensington, W. Merrlman, T. Mark, 25 Austin Friars, E.C. Merritt, Thomas Joseph, Chester Lodge, Tyrwhitt Road, St. John's, S.E. Merz, Ernst Richard, 7 Albert Square, Clapham Road, S.\V. Messenger, Joseph, 30 Gresham Street, E.C. Metcalfe, George, Munster Lodge, Teddington, Middlesex. Metcalfe, John Biaj., Lloyd's, London, E.C. Metchim, William Paul, Nightingale Lane, S.W. Methven, F. W^, 15 Great St. Helen's, E.C. Meyer, Arthur, 53 Gresham Street, ICC. Meyer, George, Messrs. Fenton, Conner, and Co., Belfast, Ireland. Meynell, Wilfred, Palace House, Palace Court, W. i.isr oi'- suHscRini'-.Rs 345 Mkux, S Jr IlKXKv Hkuck, l!an., Theobalds, j Mu.mngton, Thomas, jtin., 2.7 Hvcrinj^ Road, Uakluun Cross. , Upper Clapton, N.K. s.s. "Mexican," Union Line, Cape of Cood Hope, Natal, and East African Royal Mail Steamer ; Otifices, South African House, 94-96 ISishopsgate Street Within, E.G. Mu.is, Hon. E. J., Camelford House, i'ark Lane, W. Mills, Miss Emu.v, Stroud Green High School, Oakfield Road, N. Miiow .MiiiTAkv Library, The Hon. Secretary, ! Mills, Mrs. Makgarict, The Lodge, I'onde Mlunv, India. Michael, John \V., 3 Wellington l\Lansion, Park Road, Regent's Park, N.^\■. MiciiKLL, Mrs. E. Lkk, Pore Street, Wellington, Somerset. .MlUDLliTONAVAKE, Rev. C. H. MiDDLEWEKK, E. H., I Danube Villas, Weston- super-Mare. Midland Educational Co.mpany, Limited, Corporation Street, PirminghauL Midland Educ.uional Companv, Limited, 164 Parade, Leamington. MiDLANE, Henrv, 23 Addison Road, Kensington, W. MiLDM.VY, Miss C. St. John, 4 Rosary Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Miles, Arthur E., 19 Warwick Gardens, Ken- sington, W^ Miles, William, 41 Tonsley Hill, Wandsworth, S.W. yUiA., James, 93 Charles Street, Stepney, E. Mileage, William, 143 Friern Road, East Dulwich, S.E. Millar, Alexander, 77 Newgate Street, E.C. Millard, Henrv, Returned Letter Office, London, E.C. Miller, Rev. G., 97 St. George's Square, S.W. Miller, Colonel James, S4 Portland Place, W. Miller, Robert, 25 Bunhill Row, E.C. ^Lli.lk, Rohert, M.P)., M.B., CM., The Laurels, NVoodgrange Road, Forest Gate, E. MiLLETT, R. O., M.D., Penpol, Hayle, Corn- wall. MiLLiG.\N, A. J., I (^ueen Anne's Avenue, South Tottenham, N. MiLLiGAN, Gordon, 5 Craighnll Gardens, Trinit)-, near Edinburgh. Millington, J.\mes, 27 Norbnd Square, W. End, Middlese.x. Mills, W. P., 26 Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, W. Millwood, Frederick, 6S Prookc Road, .Stoke Newington, N. Mii.MAN, Lieut.-General Bryan, C.B., Queen's House, Tower of London, E.C. Milman, Major-General G., ^Llrtills Heron, Brack- nell, Berks. Milman, Rev. William H., 15 Cornwall Garden.?, Queen's Gate, S.\\'. Milman, Wm. LL, Librarian, Sion College, Victoria P^mbankment, P^.C. Milne-Redhead, R., F.L.S., Holden Clough, Clitheroe. MiLNER, Sir Fredlrick, Bart., 22 Pont Street, S.W. MiLNES, W. H., 12 Market Place, Wakerield. MiNSHALL, Thomas Edward, 13 Lawn Road, Hampstead, N.W. ALnshull and Meeson, Chester. Mitchell, A. B., 202 Hagiey Road, Edgbaston, BirminghauL Mitchell, A. C, 44 Cannon Street, E.C. Mitchell, David, Jarocin House, Randol|)h Crescent, Afaida \'alc, W. Mitchell, Francis, Phe Distillery, Chard. Mitchell, Thomas W., 105 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Mitchell, A\'illlv,m, 32 Connaught Road, Harlesden, N.W. Mitchell and Co., C, 12 and 13 Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. i\[iTCHEi.L Library, Gla.sgow (F. 'I". Barrett, Librarian). Mixer, Robert, 7 Keith Grove, Shepherd's Bush, W. MoBERLV, General, 50 Sutherland Avenue, W. 2 Y J46 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS MoBKRLV, Major-Genuial A. S., 105 SulliL-rland Avenue, Maida Vale, W. Moir-Byres, Mrs., i Lauderdale Road, Maida Vale, \V. Moi.LS Bros., Dashwood House, 9 New Broad Street, E.C. MoLsoN, Alfred D., i 7 Plashet Road, Plaistow, Esse.\. MoLsoN, JoHX C.WENDisH, L.R.C.P. Loiid., 13 Lingfield Road, Wimbledon, Surrey. MoLYNE.\ux, John, 99 George Street, Edinburgh. Money, James, 14 Campden Grove, Kensing- ton, W. Money, S. A\'., 9 Cornhill, E.C. Monk, Dr. C, 12 Wilhelm Strasse, AViesbaden, ( 'leruiany. Monk, J. E., 7 Rochester Terrace, North Hill, Plymouth. Moore, Henry, A.R.A., R.W.S., 39 Mares- field Gardens, Hampstead, N.W. Moore, James, 34 Finsbury Circus, E.C. Moore, Lorenzo, 82 Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, W. Moore, Samuel H. P., Calstock, Willesden I,ane, Brondesbury, N.AV. Moore, \V. J., Gresford Lodge, Somerset Road, Teddington. Morden, W. E., Tooting Graveney, S.W. Mordin, William, ii Billingsgate, E.C. More, George, 267 Romford Road, h'orcst Gate, E. Morgan, E. Vaughan, 22 Harrington (iardens, South Kensington, S.W. Morgan, F. J., 39 Durlcy Road, Amhurst Park, N. Morgan, George E., M.A., Llanfoist, Ridge Road, Stroud Green, N. Monk, J. E., Wadham House, A\'ent\vorth Street, ! Morgan, James Rohert, Masonic Jievicw, 59 Whitechapel, E. Monnington, C. J., 9 Morland Road, Croydon, Surre)'. MoNSELL, Charles, Hope Villa, Spring Grove, Isleworth, Middlesex. MoNSON, The Hon. Miss, 16 Hampton Place, Brighton. MoNTEKiORE, Herkert B., 1 1 Quecn Victoria Street, E.C. MoNiEFiORE, John, 6 Middle Temple Lane, 'I'he 'i'emple, E.C. MoNrKMuRi:, Joseph Baruow, 36 Kensing- ton ( Iardens Square, Bayswater, \\. Montgomerv, HENR^■ J. B., Clymore, Vernon Road, Clai)ham, S.\V. Montgomery, J. G., 85 High Street, Dumfries, N.B. Moon, Edward R. P., 32 Egerton Gardens, S.W. Moon, James E., 6 and 7 George Street, Plymouth. S.S. "Moor," Union Line, Cape of Good Hu\k-, Natal, and Plast African Royal Mail Steamer ; Offices, South African House, 94-96 Bishopsgate Street Within, I'lC. Moore, B. A., and Son, Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese, Wine Office Court, Fleet Street, I'^C. Moore, George, 30 Stangate, Westminster Bridge, S.E. Chancery Lane, W.C. Morgan, R. C, i 2 Paternoster Buildings, E.C. Morgan, T., Cork. Morgan, Walter Vaughan, Belgrave ALmsions, S.AV. MoRisoN, Murdoch S., 34 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Morley, Henry, 364 Cold Harbour Lane, Brixton. Morrei.l, George, 78 Cornhill, E.C. Morris, I'>nw.\Rii Robert, J. P., 61 Fitzjohn's Avenue, Hampstead, N.A\'. Morris, Francis Sanders, C.E., Chandos (Chambers, Adcliihi, \V.C. Morris, H. C., 2 Walbrook, I'^.C. Morris, John T., Bourne, Lincolnshire. Morris, Spencer W'., 4,S C'hristchurrh Road, Streatham Hill, S.\\'. Morris, TH()i\L\s, 30 Munster Scjuare, Regent's Park, N.W. Morris, Thomas Nixon, 1''./.S., 21 North Audley Street, Grosvenor Scpiare, A\'. Morrison, Pearse, 68 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Morrison, Lieut-Colonel R. J., Eastbrook, I'eign- mouth. South Devon. Morrison, Sit'art G., 22 Rojal Isxchange, E.C. T.IST OF SUBSCRIIU':RS 347 Morrison, Wim.iam, l!rac Side, ^^'i(■khanl Road, ]irockley. Morrison, \V'illiam H., Founders' Court, I.otli- bury, E.C. Morse, Hon. Elijah A. (Member of Congress), Canton, Massaciuisetts, U.S.A. ]\IoRSON, Thomas, 42 Gordon Square, W.C. ^[oRrIMKR, Freukrick, 239 Uxbridge Road, W. Morton, William John, 6 1 Conicragli Road, A\'est Kensington, W. Moses, John, 61 Grainger Street, Newcastle-on- Tyne. Moss, George C, S St. Pliilli|) Street, .\rlington Square, N. Moss, James S., Whitby, Yorkshire. MoTT, Charles Grey, Harrow Weald Lodge, Stanmore, Middlesex. MouNSEV, A., 7 Laurence Pountncy Hill, E.C. MouNSEV, H., The Exchange, Otley. Mo\vi;rav, Right Hon. Sir John R., Bart., M.V., Warcnnes Wood, Mortimer, Berks. MovsE, F., 32 Claybrook Road, Hammersmith, W. MuiR, Andrew, 2 AValbrook, E.C. MriR, J. S., 50 Beechholme Road, Copper Clapton, N.E. Mulhollani), WILLIA^L Glenside, 26 Ellerdale Road, Hampstead, N.W. MuLLER, C, Stein Miihle, Switzerland. MuLLER, C. J., 50 Lombard Street, E.C. MuLLER, William, 194 Aldersgate Street, E.C. MuLLiNOS, H., Lower Brook Street, Ipswich. Muli.ings, R. B., \\'oodville, Devizes. Mullock and Sons, Newport, Monmouth. Murphy, James Godfrey, 49 St. John's Park, L'pper Holloway, N. Murray, Sir Digby, Bart., Board of Trade. Murray, Mrs. Leigh, 79 Shaftesbury Road, W. MuRR.w, Matthew, 81 Palmerston Buildings, FlC. MuRSELL, G. A., Gloster Hotel, ^^'est Cowes, Isle of Wight. MusGR.WE, George A., F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., etc., Furzebank, Higher Warberry, Torquay. Musgrave, John, Kirkgate House, Cockermouth. Myddelton, Thomas C., New RiYer Office, E.C. Myring, Mrs., 13 Marlborough Road, St. John's \\'ood, N.W. Mytton, Tho.mas, 3 King's Bench Walk, Temiile, E.C. N. W. Railway Institute, The Hon. Secretary, Rawul Pindi, India. Naliier, Charles Nelme, 15 Gray's Inn Stjuare, W.C. NALrY, Tho.mas Edward, 6 and 7 Old ("hangc, (!heapside, E.C. Napier, H. .\., Renfrew. Nash, Edward, 2 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C. Neai.e, Miss Alice, Baltic Street Hoard School, St. Luke's. Neall, J. W., 1 1 Wcighton Road, .Anerley, S.E. Neck, Charles, 99 Lancaster Gate, W. Neill, a. H., Greenkiiowe, Haddington, N. B. Neill, David W., 42I Castle Street, Forfar. Nelson, Willia.m, Vane Arms Hotel, Stockton on-Tees. Nesbitt, Walter H., St. Olave's Wharf, Southwark, S.E. Nettelfield, Horace, 67 Shoreditch, E. Nettelfield, Richard, 67 Shoreditch, E. Nettlefold, Oswald, 2 Chepstow \'illas, Piays- watcr, W. Nevill, Lady Dorothy, 45 Charles Street, Berkeley Square, W. Newbegin, F^dward J., Sunderland. NewpoN; Joseph, i Wardrobe Place, Doctors' Commons, F^.C. Newcomi'.e, W. L., 22 Beauclerc Road, \Y. Newman, E. Oakei.ey, Dunoon, Alexandra Road, Addiscombe, Surrey. Newman, J. T, F.R.I.B.A., Kelvedon Hatch, Brentwood, Essex. Newman, T. P., Hazelhurst, Haslemere, Surrey. Newmarch, E. C'., Stourport, Worcestershire. Newnham, Lewis E., 22 I\Lanor Road, Brockley, S.E. Newso.me, J. S., I'atley, Yorkshire. Newton, Alderman .\. J., Northwood, Chisle- hurst, Kent. 348 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Newton, Akthlr H., Belsize Court, Hampstead, N.W. Newton, Frederic, 3 Fleet Street, F.C. Newton, Frederick, 9 Btish Lane, Cannon Street, E.C. Newton, G. B., 3 The Crescent, London Road, Twickenham. Newton, Harry K., The School House, Rugby. Newton, Mrs. Helen, Kottingham, near Hull. Newton, John, Ranmoor Cliffe, Sheffield. Newton, W. M., 96 Wood Street, E.C. NicHOLL, Frederick I., 120 Harley Street, W. NiCHOLLS, Cornelius, Avalon, Southwood Lane, Highgate, N. Nichols, W. G., 31 Norcott Road, Stoke Newington, N. Nicholson, J. H., 21 Bedford Square, W.C. Nicholson, J. O., J. P., Upton, near Macclesfield. Nicholson, J.ames, Salmon's Cross, Reigate. Nicholson, Miss M. J., 23 New Surrey Street, Sheffield. Nield, Ashton, 30 J'ark Street, Bristol. Nield, Walter, 29 Bath Street, Bristol. Nineteenth Century PJook Club (A. C. Buhner Booth, Hon. Sec), 17 Godliman Street, Doctors' Commons, E.C. NiSBKT, Harry C, 35 Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. Nisbett, G. Hinde, Windsor. NiSBETT, Henry J., 4 Curlew Street, Horselydown, S.E. Nisbett, J. M., 4 Curlew Street, Horselydown, S.E. NiVEN, David ISarclay, A.R.I.B.A., London. Niven, William, F.S.A., Carswell, Faringdon. NoAKES, S., Bushey Heath, Herts. NoEL-Cox, Herberi- I.., Members' Mansions, Victoria Street, S.W. NoRBURY, John, 5 'I'hrogmorton Street, E.C. Norman, Stewar'I-, West Street House. 1 lavaiil. Norman, \\'iLLiAiM Smuh, 13 Warwick Road, Maida Vale, W. NoRRis, Edward S., ClilKm \illa, Llanelly. Norri.s, H. 1'., 5 Argyll I'lucc, \V. NoRRis, Henry, Members' Mansions, Victoria Street, S.W. NoRRis, Walter Henry, Bengeo, Hertford. North, Right Hon. Colonel J. Sidney, 16 Arlington Street, Piccadilly, S.^\■. Northall-Laurie, R., 24 Cranley Gardens, S."W. Norton, F. H., 84 Highbury Hill, N. Notley, Fredk. C, 17 Cromwell Road, West Brighton, Sussex. Notley, Richard Albert, 80 Cornhill, E.C. NowiLL, Ernest, Ranmoor, Rosendale Road, West Dulwich, S.E. NOYES, Edward, 170 Brooke Road, Upper Clapton, N.E. s.s. " Nubian," Union Line, Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and East African Royal Mail Steamer ; Offices, South African House, 94-96 Bishop.sgate Street Within, E.C. NussEY, Samuel L, Potternewton Hall, near Leeds. NUTT, C. A., 38 Mincing Lane, E.C. Nutting, Alfred, 5 Marmora Road, Honor Oak, S.E. Nutting, Henry C, 106 Southwark Street, S.E. Nutting, ^V. J., St. Catherine's, Holwood Road, Bromley, Kent. Oakeshoit, Miss Alice Louise, St. Cross, Hampton Hill, Middlesex. Obiiard, Major-General Thomas, Fir Grove, West Hill, Ottery St. Mary, Devon. Oblein, Thomas, Ardnaree, 20 Stanthorpe Road, Streatham, S.M'. Observer Printing and Publishing Company, Limited, 2 r Sankey Street, Warrington. OcKERBY, Horace, 114 Queen Mctoria Street, E.C. O'Connor, Miss Agnes A., Clapham High School, Clapham Common, S.W. OnnY, Herbiort F., 58 Lombard Street, E.C. Oiu.i.L, J. W., I Angel Court, E.C. Odger.s, W. Blake, LE.D., 4 Elm Court, Temple, E.C. O'FicRKAi.L, A. More, Balyna, Moyvalley, Ireland. Ogden, Thomas, 9 Mincing Lane, E.C. Oiii.soN, James L., I'.illitcr House, Billiier Street, E.C. LIST OF SUl^SCRir.F.RS 349 Ohrf.n, Magnus, A.M.I. C.E., F.C.S., etc., Lower Sydenham, S.E. OijiFiELD, Thom.as Albion, 6 Mclgund Road, Highbury Crescent West, N. 0'Le,\rv, Mrs. Arthur, 9 Nolting Hill .Square, \V. Oliver, F., Croydon. Oi.vER, Mrs. Ch.\rles, 21 Dunstanvillc Terrace, I'almouth. Oman, C., All Souls College, Oxford. On.slow, Lieut.-Colonel F. AL, Larch field, Farnhani, Surrey. .S.S. "Ophir," Orient Line, Royal Mail Steamer; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and (,'0., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.G. Oraxc.i-, Francis, i i (Cray's Inn Square, Holborn, W.C. Ord, Robert, 79 New Park Street, Devizes. Orders, W. J., Newport, Mon. Orgill, John James, i 3 Chester Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W. S..S. "Orient," Orient Line. Royal Mail Steamer ; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. s.s. "Orizaba," Orient Line, Royal Mail Steamer; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. Orlebar, Beauchamp O. C, 20S-210 Gresham House, Old Broad Street, E.C. s.s. " Ormuz," Orient Line, Royal Mail Steamer ; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. s.s. " Orotava," Orient Line, Royal Mail Steamer ; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. s.s. " Oroya," Orient Line, Royal Mail Steamer ; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.G. Orsman, William James, L.C.C, Milton House, Sliacklewell Green, Hackney, N.E. s.s. "Oruba," Orient Line, Royal Mail Steamer; Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, and Co., 5 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. OsBORN, W.B., 1 1 Buckingham Street, Birmingham. Osborne, James. Osborne, John P., 95 Colniore Row, Birmingham. OsGOon, James R., i6ia I'iccadilly, W. Osgood, James R. (M'llvaine and Co.), 45 Albemarle Street, W. Osmond, Alfred Thomas, 8 Wetherby Clardens, South Kensington, S.W. Oswald, Rev. H. M., Great Hallingbury Rectory, Bishoi)'s Stortford. Oiii.EV, R. B.. 39 Fadbroke Sciuare, Nolting Hill, W. OiTo, Fritz, 21 Shaftesbury Road, Hammer- smith, \V. Outred,T. B., L.D.S., R.C.S., 30 Cassland Road, South Hackney, N.E. Overall, Alfred, Esq., 115 Eleanor Road, Hackney, N.E. 0\m:n, Colonel Arthur Allen, Royal Body Guard, 34 Baron's Court Road, West Kensington, S.\\'. Owen, Henrv, 23 Ofiferton Road, Clapham, S.W. Owen, Hor.atio, 35 Little Britain. O.KLEV, W. E. Hari.and, 20 Artillery Buildings, Mctoria Street, S.W. Packer, Mrs., College Court, Gloucester. Packman, Edwin George, 13 Little Britain, E.C. Page, C. B., Bank of Roumania. 7 fireat Winchester Street, E.C. Pac;e, Ernest, i King's Bench \Valk, lemple, E.C. Pa(;e, H. Page, James, The Shrubbery, Broadwater, Worth- ing, Sussex. Page, William Samuel, The Limes, St John's Road East, Putney. Paget, John, 48 Aldersgate Street, E.C. Paine, Sir Thomas, 9 Albert Road, Regent's Park, N.W. Painter, Fred. G., 19 Coleman Street, HC. Palairet, Major, West Hill, Ledbury. Palgr.we, Chas., 155 I'^enchurch Street, E.C. Pai.in, Rev. E., Linton, Ross. Pai.lett, Richard, Holbcrton, Hatherley Road, Sidcup, Kent. Palmer, Charles, Mildenhali, Suffolk. 350 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Palmer, E. H., Bank of England, Threadneedle I Parsons, Miss, 54 Queen's Road, Buckland, Street E.G. ! Portsmouth, Hants. Palmkr, J. Linton, R.N., F.S.A., Rockferry, : Parsons, Alfred, 54 Bedford Gardens, Kensington, Gheshire. Palmick, John, 77 Sadler Street, Durham. Palmer, Samuel, Richmond House, Shepperton- on-Thames. P.vnnell, \Vn,LL\M H., 13 Basinghall Street, E.G. Panther, John R., 116 Crofton Road, Camber- well, S.E. Parfiti', RonERT, 56 Spenser Road, Heme Hill, S.E. Parish, Mrs., Ogdensburg House, Maida Hill, W. Park, William C. Cunningham, Beacon Lodge, Lewisham, and 25 Lime Street, E.G. Parke, T. Wainwright. Parker, Archibald, 2 East India Avenue, E.G. Parker, Arthur J., 9 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C. Parker, E. Gartlv, The City Bank Chambers, Ludgate Hill, E.G. Parker, George, Caistor, Lincolnshire. Parker, George, Kirkgate House, Ripon. Parker, Rev. J. Dunne, LL.D., F.R.Met.Soc, Bennington Lodge, Stevenage, Herts. Parker, James, and Co., Oxford. Parker, R. J., 204 High Holborn, W.G. Parker, Mrs. Thomas, 35 Lee Terrace, Black- heath, S.E. Parker, W. Swan, 42 Poultry, Cheapside, E.G. I'arker, William, 160 Great Hamilton Street, (ilasgow. Parker, Colonel Windsor, Glopton Hall, Woolpit, Suffolk. Parkes, Francis, 8 Grove Road, Surbiton. I'arkes, J. U., 12 Vigo Street, W. Parkinson, Major F. F., Paymaster, Army Pay Dept., Eppleton, Streathani Park, S.AV. 1'ark, Miss, 5 Bolton Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Parkett, Frederic, 178 Upper Thames Street, E.G. Parsons, E. G., Mount Vernon, Tulse Hill. Parsons, J. Ramsay, 33 Kensington Square, W. Parsons, W. H., iio Gannon Street, E.G. Pascoe, J., Huntingdon. Pate, P., 44 Manor Park, Lee, S.E. Paterson, G. E., 26 Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, E.G. Paterson, J. Y., 26 Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, E.G. Paterson, John, i Walbrook, E.G. Paterson, William, and Co., 10 Lovell's Court, Paternoster Row, E.G. Patient, Silvester Geo., 49 Devonshire Street, Islington, N. Patman, William, Hope Street, Hebden Bridge. P.viTEN, Charles Arthur, Conservative Club, St. James' Street, S.W. P.viTisoN, Fredk., A.M.I.C.E., S Gray's Inn Scjuare, W.G. Pattle, Miss, 18 Gloucester Street, Belgrave Road, S.\\'. Patton, Alexander, M.B., etc., I'arnhani House, Finglas, Co. Dublin. Paul, B. R. Paul, Rev. F. B., Lanivet Rectory, Bodmin, Cornwall. Paul, J. F., 1 1 Butter Market, Bury St. Edmunds. Paul, I.ouls, 57 Friday Street, E.G. Paul (Kegan), Trench, TrUbner, and Co., Limited, 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill, E.G. Paula, F. de, 3 West Street, Finsbury Circus, E.G. Pai'll, 11. M., TF Oxford and Cambridge Mansions, N.W. Paui.l, Rev. \\ ii.LLVM Major, British and Foreign I'.ihic Society, 146 Queen Victoria Street, IvC. Pawson, Charles, 54 Wilkinson Street, Sheffield. Pawson, Henrv W., Clarcmont Crescent, Northumberland Road, Sheflield. Paxon, .'\. T., i') ('iirnliill, E.G. I^ISI' Ol' SL'liSCRIl^lCRS 351 r.wNii, George \\'., 34 i:i)ury SuoLt, S.W. Payne, H. R., i i Queen Street, Cheapsiile, E.G. Pavne, \V., and Son, Market I'lace, AN'allingford. Peach, Edwarh, Oundle. Peach EV, B. A., 'launton, Somerset. Peacock, Thomas Francis, Fernlea, Sidcup. Peacock, W. }{., Fetter Lane Ghapel, Fetter I.ane, Molhorn, h].C Peak, Henkv, 50 Woodbridge Road, Cuildlunl. Pearce, Mrs., Craufurd, IMaidenhead, lierks. I'KARMINE, Jo.sLAH FREDERICK, 28 Bignold Road, Forest Gate, E. Pears, Andrew, Spring Grove, Islewortli. Pearse, H., Rochdale. Pearse, Livian Francis, 42 Mincing Lane, E.G. Pearse and Brown, 22 Wind Street, Swansea. Pearson, R. H., 23 Netting Hill Square, W. Pearson, Rev. Samuel, M.A., 25 Aberdeen I'ark, Highbury, N. Pechell, Miss Florence, Alton House, Alton, Hants. Peck, Miss H., .Suttongate, Bethune Road, Stam- ford Hill, N. Peck, Mrs. R., Suttongate, Bethune Road, Stam- ford Hill, N. Peckham, Henry Thornton, 26 Argyll Road, Kensington, AV. Peckover, Alexander, F.S.A., F.L.S., F.R.G.S., Bank House, Wisbech. Peddar, S. H., 4 Palmerston Buildings, E.G. Pedlev, C. H., Grewe. Peech, W. H., Fern Bank, Roehampton Park, Surrey. Peek, Sir Henkv W., Bart., Wimbledon House, Surrey. Peel, James, Greencroft, Hadley Wood, Barnet. Peet, William H. (.Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Go.), 39 Paternoster Row, E.G. Pell, Bennett, 14 Union Gourt, E.G. Pelton, R., Tunbridge Wells. Pewberton, Thomas Joshua, 21 Gommercial Sale Rooms, Mincing Lane, E.G. I'embroke, E. Lindsay, 4 Greechurch Buildings, Leadenhall Street, E.G. Pemuroke,Geor(;e Pemukoke .\,, 1 1 King's Bench A\alk, Inner Temple, I'^.G. Peneoi.d, Gaptain, Roundwyck, Petwortii, Sussex. Peneold, William, 30 York Street. I'ortman Square, W. Penha, Eugene de la, i 14 Eaton Square, S.W. Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navig.viton Gompany, 122 Leadenhall Street, E.G. Penney, Mrs. Robert H., Highcroft, Brighton. Penny, Ja.mes S., 166 Ale.xander Road, South Hampstead, N.W. Penzance, Lord, Fashing Park, Godalming, Surrey. Percival, Mrs. A., Minster Glose, Peterborough. Percival, Herbert, 148 Grosvenor Road, S.W. Perkins, H. H., Denmark Street, Wokingham, Berks. PERKIN.S, James, 90 Lower Thames Street, E.G. Perkins, James W,, 139 Gannon Street, E.G. Perkins, L. H., 58 Old Broad Street, E.G. Perkins, Loftus Patton, 148 Abbey Road, Kilburn, N.W. Perkins, William Tindal, 9 (Jray's Inn Square, W.G. Perks, James R., ii Trinity Square, E.G. Perkam, Rev. G. J., 128 Fellows Road, Soutli Hampstead, N.AV. Perkins, Arthur C, Kingston Villa, 21 Allenby Road, Forest Hill, .S.E. Perry, Arthur, jun., 13 High Street, Dartford. Pekrv, John, 103 London Wall, !'"..( '. Ferryman, Gharles Willraham, 96 Queen Street, E.G. Peiherick, E. a., and Go., :i:i Paternoster Row, E.G. Pethick, W. Arthur, 16 St. Helen's Place, F'.C. Petty, David, M.B., St. Ann's Road, Stamford Hill, N. Phare, ICrnest R., 4 Blomfield Street, E.G. Phelps, J., Dyfftyn, Thurlow Park Road, Dulwich, S.A\'. Phibbs, Major R. R., Spotfield, Falmouth. Philip, George, and Son, 32 Fleet Street, E.G. Philip, Son and Nephew, Atlas Buildings, South Gastle Street, Liverpool. Phillips, Mrs., \\ indsor. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Phillips, CHAULiis, Unslt'd I'aik, Godalmiiig. l'i{iLLiPs, Charlks J., 8 Gower Street, AV.C. I'liiLLiPS, Frank, 7 West Hoe Terrace, Plymouth. Phillips, Alderman Geo. Faudel, 36 Newgate Street, E.G. Phillips, Henry D., 27 Nicholas Lane, E.G. Phillips, Henry L., F.G.S., 57 Moorgate Street, E.G. I'liiLLiPs, John E., 179 Grcsham House, Old Hroad Street, E.G. Phu.lii's, Morley, F.A.L, Graven Park, Willes- den, N.W. Phillips, Moro, The Long House, near Gowfold, Sussex. Phillips, Percy Rouse, Geneva House, Knatch- bull Road, S.E. Phillips, Rev. Sidney, Tlie Vicarage, Kidder- minster. Phillips, T. Adams, 99 Cannon Street, E.G. Phillips, \\'. B., Holt Town Lodge, Nightingale Lane, S.A\'. Phillips, William, Newent, Gloucester. PiiiLLii'soN and Colder, Eastgate Row, Chester. PiiiLLOTT, Lieut. D. G., 3rd Punjab Cavalry, Hon. Secretary, Garrison Library, Dera Ismail Khan, Punjab. Philp, Herbert M., 77 Carter Street, Lorrimore Square, S.E. Piiii.p, J. S., Fore Street, Callington, Cornwall. Pickering, George A,, (niildhall, E.G. Pickersgill, Mrs. E. L, 68 Belsize Park, N.W. PiDSLEV, Frank, 29 Southernhay, E.xeter. Pierce, John M., Victoria Club, Maritzburg, Natal, South .\frica. I'lEFiN, John Martin, 22 Camera Square, Chel- sea, S.W. PiGGOTT, J. \\'., 4 North Road, Clapham Park, S.W. PiGOTT, Dr. R. Turtle, F).C.L., Soutli P.ank, Lcwisham Hill, S.E. PiGOiT, Mrs., 32 Park Street, Grosvenor Square, W. Pike, G. Holden, The Elni.s, Winchmore Hill, N. Pike, James Rodert, Radway, Tulse Hill, S.W. PiLCHER, G. T., Kingswood Hanger, Gomshall, Surrey. I'lLDiTCH, J. T., Cambridge House, Cambridge Road, Battersea Park, S.W. Pinkney, Robert, Green Park Chambers, 90 Piccadilly, ^\■. Piper, Henry D., 19 Bath Road, Swindon. Pipkin, Samuel J., 92 Cheapside, E.G. Pitcher, W. N., Holly Bank, Stretford, Man- chester. PiTP, George, Sutton, Surrey. Pixi.EY, Francis W., Conservative Club, St. James' Street, S.W. PiZEY, George H., jun., Salisbury House, Lea Bridge Road, Leyton, Essex. Plomer, George, 8 Templar Street, Camberwell, S.E. PococK, Arthur Frederick, 49 Moorgate Street, E.G. PococK, NoiLL L., 20 Basinghall Street, E.G. Point, William John, 34 Groombridge Road, South Hackney, N.E. Poland, Mrs., Eliot Vale, Blackliealh, S.E. Poland, C., Eliot Vale, Blackheath, S.E. Poland, John, F.R.C.S., 4 St. Thomas's Street, London Bridge, S.E. PoLDEN, AVilliam Waller, 1 69 Bird in Bush Road, S.E. Pole, William R., 41 I'Aot Gardens, Chiswick, AV. Pollard, William, Old Cross, St. Mary's, Hertford. Pollock, Archibald Gordon, 95 Cornwall Gardens, S.W. Ponder, Septimus, Stock Exchange, E.G. Ponsonby, Hon. Ashley, 9 Prince's Gardens, S.W. Ponsonby, The Right Hon. Sir H. F., G.C.B., etc., Windsor Castle. Ponsonby, H. S., 20 St. Swithin's Lane, E.G. Pool, Edward E., 157 and 15S Central Meat Market, E.G. Pope, .'\nniic l'".. M., 3 Coleridge Road, h'insbury I'ark, N. Pope, M., 'I'hurton Towers, Sirealham, S.W^ Pope, Samuel, (^.C, 38 Parliament Street, West- minster, S.W. J- 1 ST OF SUBSCRIHI-'.RS 353 PoRTAi,, A\'ii,i,iAM RicHAKD, Tonge House, York Road, West Norwood, S.K. PuKiKK, Alfred de Bock, Church I'.nd, I'iiKhlcy, N. Porter, Ek. R. S., 13 Queensdown Road, Clapton, N.E. Porter, Edward, i i Aldcrlirook Road, Clai)hani Common, S.W. Porter, John Edwin, 21 Great Tower Street, E.G. Pott, Robert, Bentham Hill, 'I'unbridge Wells. Pott, William Halllncs, Atherstone, Walton-on- Thames. Potter, Alfred J., Hackiwy Gazdtc, Kingsland, N.E. Potter, Fredk. W., i 7 Queen Mctoria Street, E.C. Potter, J. W. J., 4 (heat George Street, West- minster, S.W. Potter, Rupert, 2 Bolton Gardens, S.W. Potter, Samuel, 20 Court Road, West Norwood, S.E. Potter, \Valter F., Hackney Gazette, Kingsland, N.E. Potts, Henry J., Pont-y-Mwynwr, near Mold. Potts, John, 51 Parsons Street, Banbury. Potts, Willlam, F.R.C.S., 2 Albert Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W. Pound, Percy Herlert, 81 Leadenhall Street, E.C. PovAH, Alfred, D.D., Rector of St. Olave, Hart Street, and Allhallows Staining, Rural Uean of the East City, 21 Boltons, South Kensington, S.W. Powell, Algernon Hope, 32 Ranelagh Road, Eahng, W. Powell, Bassett, 83 Westbourne CIrove, Bays- water, AN'. Powell, J., 93 Corporation Street, Manchester. Powell, Jame.s, The Laurels, High Road, Tottenham, N. Powell, Scudamore, M.I)., 7 Thayer Street, Manchester Square, W. Powell, T. J., 71 Commercial Road, Bournemouth. Power, D'Arcy, M.A., M.B.O.xon., F.R.C.S.Eng., 26 Bloomsbury Square, W.C. Power, Edward, 16 and 17 King William Street, E.C. 2 z Power, Mrs. Harriei', Cloadby Marwood Rectory, Melton Mowbray. Power, Henry, 37A Great Cumberland I'lace, Hyde Park, W. Power, John Danver.s, 3 Plowden Buildings, 'I'emple, E.C. Power, K. H., 16 Fopstone Road, Earl's Court, S.W. Power, WiLLLA.M Richard, 12 St. Thomas's Square, Hackney, N.li. Powers, Edward Fauvel, 42 Cadogan 'Perracc, S.W. Powers, L. H., 33 Sussex Street, Warwick .Square, S.W. Poynter, James I''., i 1 (^ueen Victoria Street, E.C. Pr.\gnei.i., Walter, 32 Great St. Helen's, E.C. Praill, Edward, 3 I'ark Road, Hanipstead, N.W. Prall, Zachariah Edei:ry, King's Arms, 254 Edgware Road, \\ . Prance, Rev. Lewis N., Stapleford Tawney Rectory, 'I'heydon Bois, Essex. Pratt, Hampden W., F.R.LB..\., 6 Duke Street, Adelphi, W.C. Prati', Newton, Harberton, Hornsey Lane, N. Preeston, Percival, Tiie Red House, Chelsea Embankment. Prendergast, Aki iiLR H. I>.,57 Cromwell Road, South Kensington, S.W. Prescott, H. W., 13 Oxford Square, W. Prescoit-Mallan, George, 30 Monmoutli Road, Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, W . Presley, Miss Ellen, Wotton-under-T^dgc. Presley, George, Wotton-under-Edge. Presley, James T., 5 Royal Crescent, Cheltenham. Pressland, E. ]!., 144 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. Preston, Thoma.s, F.R.Hist..S., I'rivy Council Office, Downing Street, S.W. s.s. " Pretoria," Union Line, Cape of Good Hojjc, Natal, and ICast African Royal ^L^il Steamer; Offices, South African House, 94-96 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. Prevel, Emmanuel, 29 Westbourne Street, Sloane Square, S.W. 354 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Prick, V. (i. Hilton', 29 Wcymoulh Street, W. I'kicr, F. (}. Hilton, F.S.A., etc., 17 CoUingham Gardens, S.\\'. J'rice, (}eoi:rs RosHER, Frederick Howard, Ambleside, Beckenham, Kent. Kosher, George B., Rosherville Court, near Gravesend. Ross, Colin, Bank of England, Manchester. Ross, H. J. Gordon, i8 Victoria Road, Kensing- ton, W. Ross, John Richard, i6 Frederick Street, Gray's Inn Road, W.C. Ross, W. H., 37 Fenchurch Street, E.G. Ross, William, 75 Mark Lane, E.C. Rothschild, Lord, Tring Park, Tring. RoucH, William, 68 Bute Docks, Cardiff. Roundell, C. S., 16 Curzon Street, Mayfair, W. Rouse-Boughton, Sir C. H., Bart., Downton Hall, Ludlow. Routledge, Edmund, 40 Clanricarde Gardens, \\\ Routledge, George, and Sons, Limited, Broad- way, Ludgate Hill, E.C. RowELL, Miss M., 8 Palmerston Road, Southsca. Rowell, Mrs. Mary, 49 Clarence Parade, Southsea. Rowlands, Arthur, Craig-y-don, Rliyl, North AVales. RovAL Mail Steam P.^cket Company, iS Moor- gate Street, E.C. Royal Marine Artillery, Officers' Library, Eastney Barracks, Portsmouth. Royals, Edward, 25 High Street, Ilfracombe. Rur.iNSTEiN, Mrs. Belle, 56 West Cromwell Road, South Kensington, S.\\'. Rubinstein, J. S., 56 West Cromwell Road, South Kensington, S.W. Ruck, Walter, i i High Street, Maidstone. RuDD, Rouert W., The College, Caterliam Valley, Surrey. RuDiN, R., 39 F'insbury Circus, E.C. Rui'T, Howard, 35 Hart Street, Bloonisbury Square, W.C. RuMP.AL, James John, 38 Kcnninghall Road, Lower Clapton, N.IO. RuMNEV, Peter, The Rosary, Enfield, Middle- sex. RuMSKV, George, 2 Copthall Chambers, K.C. Rumsey, Lucas, 4 Finsbury Park Road, N., and at 3 South Square, Gray's Inn, W.C. Rundle, R. Albert, Silverbirch, Inglemere Road, Forest Hill, S.E. Rushton, Mrs., 57 Devonport Road, Shepherd's Bush, ^V. Russell, Alfred, 7 Laurence Pountney Hill, E.C. Russell, Francis Rutherfurd, 109 High Street, Guildford, Surrey. Russell, George, Viewfield, Wandsworth, S.U'. Russell, Mr. Joseph, 13 College Terrace, Hampstead, N.W. Russell, Thomas James, 179 Evering Road, Stoke Newington, N. Russell, William L., The Firs, Roxborough Park, Harrow. Russell-Stilwell, J. J., Killinghurst, Haslemere. RusTOMjEE, H. J., Karachi. RuTLEY, Lieut.-Colonel John Lewis, 2 Edinburgh Mansions, Victoria Street, S.W. RuTT, Henry, 66 Finchley Road, N.W. RuTTER, Henry Lee, 41 Lothbury, E.C. Rutton, William Loftie, 27 Elgin Avenue, \V. Ryde, Walter C, i Brick Court, Temple, E.C. Ryley, Reginald, 88 Bishopsgate Street, E.C. Ryley, Rev. Edward, M.A., Sarratt Rectory, Rickmansworth, Herts. Sadgrove, Mrs., 56 Highbury New Park, N. Sadler, A. R., 30 Ingersoll Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. Sadler, Camit.ell H., 30 Alexandra Road, South- port, Lancashire. Sadler, George R., Haslemere, 5 \\'iltsliirc Road, Brixton, S.W. Sadlicr, Henry, Sub-Librarian, The Library, Freemasons' Hall, Great (^)uecn Street, W.C. Sadler, John Henry, Gloucester. Sainshury, Hector, 168 .\vemie Victor Hugo, Passy, Paris. St. AuiiVN, J. i'lKKs, Chy an-l',g]os, Marazion, Cornwall. LIST OF suhscrih]-:rs 159 St. Ci.air, 'I'he Hon, J. ("himkumi;, 24 Ryder Succt, S.W. Sala, (ii.oKGii .Augustus, 125 \'ictoria Street, S.W. Sai.k, Philip, Market I'lacc, Wokingliam. Sai.isi'.urv, J-, 1 1 New Court, l''arringdon Street, K.C Salmon, Robkrt Hkxrv, 28 l-'eiicluireh Street, IvC. Salmon, \Vili.i\m, llury St. Edmunds. Salomon.s, Sir David, I'.roonihill, Tunbridge Wells. Salomons, Leopold, 23 lirulon Street, Berkeley Square, W. Salt, John Charlks, 38 Gloucester Siiuarc, Hyde I'ark, W. Salter, T. A., 45 St. Aldate's Street, Oxford. Salters' Company, The, Salters' Hall, St. Swithin's Lane, E.C. Saltmar.sh, Edward John, South Sea House, Threadneedle Street, E.C. Salvage, W. J., 45 Cranbrook Park, Wood Green, N. Samuels, David, 156 Aldersgate Street, E.C. Sampson, R. G. (of Sampson, Kinnell, and Co.), 150 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Samson and Wallin, Stockholm. Sandeman, Hugh D., Sec. to Sui). Council 33", 33 Golden Square, W. Sanders, John J., Edina, Cro.xted Road, West Dulwich, S.E. S.vndersox, J., 203 Adelaide Road, N.W. Sanderson, W. H., Perrywood, Nortliampton. Sandford, Henry, 36 King Street, Cheapside, E.C. Sands, John, 374 George Street, Sydney, N.S.W. Saner, James, 131 St. Mark's Road, North Kensington, W. Sargent, Thom.\s, 4 Albion Place, Northampton. Sarsfield, W. B. W., 78 Park Street, Bristol S.\ssooN, David, and Co., 12 Leadenhall Street, E.C. S.\ssooN, Reuben David, i Belgrave Square, S.W. Satchell, Dr. \V. A., 4 Rosslyn Gardens, Hamp- stead, N.W. Saunders, A. J., iMilfield, E.\etcr Road, Brondes- bury, N.W. Saunders, C. D. •Saunder.s, Sir Edwin, 13A George Street, lianover Square, \V. Saunders, Hkkp.krt C, Q.C., i Polton Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Saunders, J. Ehenezer, J. P., F.S.A., etc., 9 Finsbury Circus, E.G. Saunders, Mrs. M. E., 82 Elgin Crescent, Kensing- ton Park, W. Saunders, Sydney J., 45 St. Mary Axe, IvC. Saunders, William Harrls, Bridge House, Carle- ton Road, Tufnell Park, N. Saunders, William Sicdgwick, Moor View I.txlge, Exeter. Savage, H., li;^ Cheapside^ E.C. Savidge, H., 36 Graccchurch Street, E.C. Sawria, John Siiki'Hkrd, 53 Carleton Road, Tufnell Park, N. Sawyer, Charle.s, 35 (Jrange Park, Ealing, W. Sawyer, Frederick E., F.S.A., 31 Buckingham Place, Brighton. S.WER, C. J., I Threadneedle Street, E.C. Sayer, Geoffrey, 66 Aldermanbury, E.C. Sayer, Henry J., Cambridge Street, Birming- ham. Sayer, John La.st, C.C, Birley House, London Road, Forest Hill, S.E. Saywell, Richard, 44 London Road, 'I'wicken- ham, \y. ScAMELL, Geor(;e, Gayton, Avenue Road, High- gate, N. ScANDRETT, Mrs. M., Preston Lodge, Gloucester Road, Kew, Surrey. Scanes, Walter, 16 and 17 Cathedral \'ard, Exeter. Scarborough, Thomas, \\'oodtbrd, Surrey Road South, Bournemouth, Hants. Scheltema, Rev. A. D. Ada.ma van, 14 Upper Hornsey Rise, N. Schenkenwald, G., 91 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. ScHiLP.ACH, R., 2 2 Great St. Helen's, E.C. ScHMiTZ, J. H., 46 New Broad Street, E.C. 36o LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS ScHNEBERGER, JOH.v, 76 Avonmore Road, West Kensington, W. Schneider, George, 544 King's Road, Chielsea, S.W. Scholastic Trading Co., 34 Bridge Street, Bristol. ScHOLDiNG, Sidney L., 63 Queen's Road, St. John's Wood, N.W. ScHOi.EFiELD,Mrs. COTTERILE, 7 Gledhow Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Schooling, John Holt, 19 Abingdon Street, Westminster, S.AV. Schubbert, C, 28 Alvington Crescent, Shacklewell Lane North, Dalston, N.E. Schumann, P., Leipzig. ScHRADER, James P., 3 1 St. Mary Axe, B.C. Schwann, F. S., Parle House, Wimbledon, Surrey. Science and Art Department, South Kensing- ton, S.W. ScLANDERS, ALEXANDER, lo Austin Friars, E.C. Seager, Malcolm Alexander, The Yews, Belve- dere, Kent. Seale, E., 10 Imperial Arcade, E.C. Sealy, General (Royal Artillery), i Kent Avenue, Castlehill Park, Ealing, W. Sealy, Lsaac John, Savings Bank Department, General Post Office, E.C. Sea.mark, Thomas Henry, iS Park Place Villas, Paddington, W. Search, Henry William, Bank of England, E.C. Searle, S. W., Hamilton House, Ealing, W. Sears, Arthur A\'., 13 Lesbia Road, Lower Clapton, N.E. Seaverns, J. H., Leadenhall House, E.C. Secretan, Alexander Levin, 6 Great "Winchester Street, E.C. Secretan, Archer Jeston, 6 Great A\'inchester Street, E.C. Seddon, John, Liverpool Road, Stoke-upon-'l'rent. Sedgfield, John, Norbiton, Surrey. Scl.yter, Henry S., Bill Office, Bank of England, | Sedgwick, John Bell, J.P., i St. Andrew's Place, E.C. Regent's Park, N.W\ S.S. "Scot," Union Line, Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and East African Royal ALail Steamer ; Offices, South African House, 94-96 Bishopsgate Street ^\'ithin, E.C. Scotland, Sir Colley Harman, 44 Queen's Gate Gardens, S.W. Scott, Dr., Parmiter's School, Victoria Park, N.E. Scott, Miss, 30 Cumberland Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W. Scott, Arthur, 72 Avonmore Road, \V'est Ken- sington, W. Scott, E. Erhkine, 64 ()ueen Street, Edinburgh. Scott, J. B., Hillhead, Broxbournc, Herts. Scott, Mar.mion, 29 Earl's Court Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Scott, Robert, 12 Paternoster Buildings, E.C. Scott, Sydney C, Matherleigh, The Avenue, Gipsy Hill, S.!',. ScRASE, 11. W., 14 and 15 Cliffe, Lewes. ScRiiiNEK and Weliord, New York. Scrutton, George, and Co., St. Dunstan's House, Idol Lane, E.C. Sedgwick, Leonard W., M.D., 2 Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, W. Sedgwick, W. H., 23 Austin Friars, E.C. Sell, Henry {Sell's IVorld's Press Office), 167 Fleet Street, E.C. Sellar, James S., i Exeter Road, Brondesbury, N.W. Sells, Ed. Perronet, jun., Sarnesfield, Bishop's \\'ood Road, Highgate, N. Selman, (George, 41 Snow Hill, Holborn \'iaduct, E.C. Selous, Miss J., 28 Gloucester Road, Regent's Park, N.W. Sklwyn, Rev. Sydney Augustus, M..\., St. James's Vicarage, Hatcham, S.E. Selwvn-Payne, John H., Badgeworth End, Gloucestershire. Sennett, a. R., Temple Chambers, E.C. Seton, R. W'., 51 Park Road, Haverstock Hill, N.W. Seward, J. 1!ramwi,ll, Am|iihill, Beds. Sevvell, Colonel Fane, Madras Staff Corps, liombay. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS ?0i Sewki.1., F., 38 Rcdcliffe S([uaic, S.W. Sewell, T. Davies, Chamberlain's Court, Guild- hall, B.C. Sev.mour-Cook, Chaki.ks Lionel, AiiLrlcy \'illa, Beccles, Suffolk. Shackle, Frank, Sandgate, Hayes, Middlesex. Shadbolt, Frederick, 206 Cromwell Road, S.W. Shand, Alice M., Parkholme, Elm Park Cardens, S.W. Shapland, Albert E., Mayor of South Molton. Sharman, a., 89 New Street, Wellington, Salop. Sharp, H. W., Oakfield, Oakhill Road, Putney, Surrey. Sharp, J. E., 176 Belsize Road, Abbey Road, N.W. Sharp, J. F, St. Mary's Street, Southampton. Sharpe, Rev. John, Minister of Heatherlie Parish, Selkirk, N.B. Sharpe, Miss T. E., 23 Gunterstone Road, \\'est Kensington, W. Shattock, R. Foster, 3 Bank Buildings, Lothbury, E.C. Shaw, Charles L., 9 Church Terrace, Lee, S.E. Shaw, George, i Peel Square, Barnsley. Shaw, H. T., 89 Shooters Hill Road, Blackheath, S.E. Shaw, J. Lancaster, Ridgehill, Torquay. Shead, George, 18 Laurence Pountney Hill, E.C. Shearman, J. E., and Sox, 10 Idol Lane, E.C. Shelford, Rev. L. E., The Rectory, Stoke Newington, N. Shelley, Captain G. E., 10 Thurloe Square, S.W. Shelley, George, 38 Gracechurch Street, E.C. Shelly, Charles 1*:dwari), M.A., M.I)., Hert- ford, Herts. Shepheard, B., 31 and 32 Finsbury Circus, E.C. Shepherd, James, 31 Newgate Street, E.C. Shepherd, Major Howell, Oak House, Grove Road, Surbiton. Shepherd, Thpiodore, Rossendale Stationery and Printing Works, Bacup. Sheppee, Lieut.-Colonel F. F., Birtley House, Chester-le-Street, County of Durham. Sherard-Kennedy, E., Walton House, Lcnno.x Gardens, Brompton, S.W. Sherlock, Frederick, 30 and 31 New Bridge Street, Ludgatc Circus, E.C. Sherson, Lady Anne, 71 Longridge Road, S.W. Sherwood, George F. Tuuor, Petersham House, ^\■alham (Jreen, S.W. SiiiERs, Richard, 201 Suffolk House, E.C. Shipton, E. R., 140 Fleet Street, E.C. Shoppee, Charles Herbert, F.R.LB.A., I'.S.I., 22 John Street, Bedford Row, W.C. Shoppee, Charles John, F.R.I.H.A., V.P.S.I., 61 Doughty Street, Mecklenburgh Square, W.C. Shore, E. L., 28 Wellesley Road, Croydon. Short, John, 10 Kensington Park Road, Notting Hill, W. Short, Martin, D'Urban Lodge, Woodchurch Road, West Hamjistead, N.W. Short, Samuel E., i Dowdeswell Street, Chester- field. Short, Thomas, i Great Winchester Street, E.C. Short, Walter H., Colchester. Shrigley and Westcott, Santiago. Shrimpton, George, ioi Leadenhall Street, E.C. Shrimpton, William, 24 Noble Street, E.C, and Tulse Hill, S.W. Shuter, W., 22 Belsize Grove, N.W. Shuttleworth, J., Gothic House, Ilkley. Sibeald, John Gordon Edward, Admiralty, Whitehall, S.W. Sibthorp, H. a. M. \V\u>o, 57 Chester Square, S.W. SiEGLE, A., 30 Lime Street, E.C. Signet Library', The, Edinburgh. SiLCOCK, T. P., Octagon Chambers, Bath, Silk, James, 2 Sanderson Street, Peckham, S.E. Si.MCOE, Captain, R.N., \\olford, Honiton, Devon. Simmons, Edward, St. Aubyns, Streatham. Si,MM0N.s, F., Lindfield. Si.MiMONS, Henry, Gloucester. Si.M.MONs, Henry", The Crouch, Scaford, Sussex. SiMMS, S. W., 1 2 George Street, Bath. Simon, Mrs., Widmore Lodge, Bromley, Kent. Simon, Alfred M., 5 Water Lane, E.C. Simon, Edgar Leon, 38 Princes Square, W. Simon, Faulkner A., 5 Water Lane, E.C. 362 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Simon, Tiiilip Fked., 30 Heme Hill, S.E. Simons, A., F.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., etc., Her Majesty's Dockyard, Devonport. Simpson, B. W., 14 Westbourne Park, Bayswater, ^\^ Simpson, Charles, 47 Leicester Square, W.C. Simpson, David Chisholm, 200 The Grove, Camberwell, S.E. Simpson, Frank, 69 Sauchieliall Street, Glasgow. Simpson, George, High Street, Newmarket. Simpson, George, 12 Paternoster Square, E.C. Simpson, Rev. Dr. W. Sparrow, 9 Amen Court, E.C, for St. Paul's Cathedral Library. Simpson, William, 71A St. Giles's Street, North- ampton. Simpson, William, 105 Manor Road, Brockley, S.E. Si.MS, Mrs. F., Devon Lodge, 107 Anerley Road, Anerley, Surrey. Sims, Robert Owen, 9 Hale Street, New North Road, Islington, N. SiMSON, E. A., and Co., Market Place, Hereford. Sinclair, Alexander, 30 Clifton Street, Brighton. SiNDALL, Owen, 13 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. Sindall, R. L., 13 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C. Singer, W., 25 Fenchurch Street, E.C. SiVEWRiGHT, Miss Clara, 51 Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park, W. Skeen, John A., Doynton, 362 Romford Road, Forest Gate, Essex. Skkffington, William Ernest, 163 Piccadilly, W. Skelloun, Jamks J., 45 Golden Lane, E.C. Skelton, Benjamin, jun,, \\'ood.side, ^\'oodford Wells, Essex. Skeltox, Richard Thoma.s, Stock Exchange, E.C. Skiliseck, John Henrv, i Portman Mansions, W. Slack, Mrs. Bamford, 10 Woburn Square, W.C. Slack, J. Bamford, B.A., 31 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. Si.ADE, G. P., 33 Fitzjohn's Avenue, Hampstead, N.W. Slaughter, Richard, The Lodge, Elm Park Road, Chelsea. Sly, Charles, 9 Tower Terrace, Wood Green, N. S.MAIL, David M., 43 Burgoyne Road, Harringay, N. Smalley, G. \\'., 8 Chester Place, Hyde Park Square, W. Smallpiece, GiLiiERT J., Secretary, Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall, S.AV. Smart, Alfred, 16 Basinghall Street, E.C. Smart, Francis G., Bredbury, Tunbridge Wells. Smart, J.vckson W., 9 Old Jewry Chambers, Old Jewry, E.C. Smart, John, 118 Cannon Street, E.C. S.MAur, William Fleet, 16 Basinghall Street, E.C. Smedlev, G., 10 Northgate, Sleaford. S.MITH, Alfred James, 31 Knatchbull Road, Camberwell, S.E. Smith, Arthur, 137 Cheapside, E.C. Smith, B. Woodd, F.S.A., Branch Hill Lodge, Hampstead Heath, N.W. Smith, Charles E., Rosenfels, Redhill. Smith, Charles Lawson, 26 Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. Smith, Edward, 141 Brecknock Road, N.W. Smith, Edward A., 4 Offerton Road, Clapham, S.W. Smith, Edward E"isher, 34 Avenue Road, Regent's Park, N.\V. Smith, Edward I., 13 Vcnour Road, Bow, E. Smith, Elliot, 67 Belsize Park Gardens, N.W. Smith, Eustace, Hollydale, Wood Lane, Uxbridge Road, \\'. Smith, Francis E., Lansdowne House, Bow, E. Smith, Sir Francis Villeneuve, 19 Harrington Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. Smith, G. Johnstone, 145 Cheapside, E.C. Smith, George, Bridge Street, Pershorc. Smith, George Cunningham, St. Helen's Chambers, 34 Bishopsgate Street, E.C. Smiih, (Ieorge Septimus, Gresham House, Old Broad Street, E.C. S.MITH, Henry, 3 Dunston Road, Kingsland Road, N.E. LIST OF SUBSCRIIU^RS 563 Smith, HF.YWoon, M.D., 18 Harlcy Street, Cavendish Square, W. Smith, J. R., The Hollies, Hill Lane, Southamp- ton. SivuTH, jANrF.sE.,9i Rosendale Road, West Hiilwich, S.E. Smith, Jamks (;., Kelmarsh, Northamptonshire. Smith, John, 27 High Street, Stratford-on- Avon. Smith, John, Simpson's, 38.', Cornhill, E.G. Smith, John R.\p:, 57 L'nion Street, and 5 Adelphi, Aberdeen. Smith, John, and Son, 129 West George Street, and 40 Renfield Street, Glasgow. S.mith, Leslie Cunningham, St. Andrew's, Love- lace Gardens, Surbiton, Surrey. Smith, Noble, F.R.C.S.Ed., 24 Queen Anne Street, W. Smith, R. Ford, 26 Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. Smith, Reginald Masters, St. Margaret's Man- sions, ^'ictoria Street, S.W. Smith, S. H., Great Yarmouth. Smith, Samuel, Sutherland Lodge, Eaton Road, Sutton, Surrey. Smith, The Rev. Sidney Anderson, The Vicarage, Chatteris, Cambs. S.mith, Stanley, 32 Stockwell Road, S.W. Smith, Stanley George, St. Andrew's, Lovelace Gardens, Surbiton, Surrey. Smith, T., 13 Pinners' Hall, Old Broad Street, E.C. Smith, Thomas, 3 Hafton Place, Dunoon. Smith, Thomas, A.C.A., 4 Castle Street, Here- ford. Smith, Tho.mas W., C'aslon Foundry, 22 Chiswell Street, E.C. Smith, Tom C, F.R.Hist.S., Green Nook, Long- ridge, near Preston. Smith, W. H., and Son, iSrt Strand, W.C. Smith, WiLLi.\M,F.S.A.S., Brookfield Villa, Morley, near Leeds. Smith, William Hubert, B.A., Charlton Lodge, Hayne Road, Beckenham, Kent. Smith, \Vii.i,iam J., 41-43 North Street, Brighton. Smithe, Rev. Fredk., Churchdown, near Glouces- ter. SxurHER, Arthur, 48 Gracechurch Street, E.C. Smvthe, Major Frederick, 35 Mattock Lane, Ealing, W. Smythson, Frank, 133 New Bond Street, W. Snagge, T. Mordaunt, New College, O.xford. Snelgrove, a. G., 56 Earlham Grove, Forest Gate, E. Snell, George, 21 Bedford I'lace, Russell Sciuare, W.C. Snellgrove, William, ii Clifton Road, Brockley, S.E. Snelling, AVii.liam Walton, 3 Cornwall Road, Stroud Green, N. Sneyd, John ^VII.I.IAM, J. P., Basford Hall, Leek, Stafford.shire. Snook, S. P., M.R.C.S.Eng., L.R.C.P.Lond., 20 Trinity Road, Weymouth, Dorset. Snow, F. A., 22 College Hill, Cannon Street, E.C. Snow, James Humphrey, 55 Friday Street, E.C. Snow, James T., 31 Great St. Helen's, E.C. Snow, W. Elliot, 22 College Hill, Cannon Street, E.C. Snowden, Frederick, 84 Shoreditch, E. Soames, Miss, 44 Marine Parade, Brighton. SoAMES, Arthur W., 34 Dorset Square, N.W. Sokell, John T., Middle Street, Driffield. Solomon, William W., Baldock, Herts. Somerssmith, ]Mrs. Caroline, The Old Cottage, Hersham, A\'alton-on-Thames. Somerville-Dod.son, a., Cambridge Lodge, New- lands Park, Sydenham, Kent. Soper, William Edward, Littlefield Lodge, 2 Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. Sotheran, Henry, and Co., 49 Cross Street, Man- chester. Soulsby, W. J., The Mansion House, E.C. Southern, Edward J., 7 Harrington Road, South Kensington, S.W. Southgate, Mrs. C, 22 Holland Road. Brixton, S.W. Southg.vte, Samuel Tufnei.l, Hazelwood, Upper Norwood. 364 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS SouTHGATE, Thomas Lea, Epsleadalc, Jasper Road, Gipsy Hill, S.E. Southward, J., 86 Loughborough Road, S.W. Southwell, Charles J., Hook Field House, Bridgnorth, Salop. Spalding, Montague, 3 Marylebone Lane, \\'. Spalding, W. D., Market Place, Sheffield. Spauk, Charles Edward, "Royal Victoria Yard, Deptford, S.E. Sparkes, James, 90 Hampton Road, Forest Gate, E. Spakkow, Simpson, Rev. Dr. W., 9 Amen Court, E.G. s.s. " Spartan," Union Line, Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and East African Royal Mail Steamer ; Offices, South African House, 94-96 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. Spearman, Walter, 6 Leigliam Terrace, Balham, S.W. Speir, James, 110 Fenchurch Street, E.C. Spence, Ernest, i 2 Edith Villas, West Kensington, W. Spencer, George, 52 Goswell Road, E.C. Spencer, J. T., Upperthorpe, Sheffield. Spencer, John and Thomas, Leicester. Spencer, Thomas, I\Lirket Place, Richmond, Yorkshire. Spencer, William, 108 Fleet Street, E.C. Spicer, Albert, 50 Upper Thames Street, E.C. Spicer, Augustin, 19 New Bridge Street, E.C. Spicer, Edward, 19 New Bridge Street, E.C. Spicer, John H., 19 New Bridge Street, E.C. Spicer, W. Gage, J. P., Oakwood, Chislehurst. Spiers, A. H., M.A., Newton College, South Devon. Spiers, R. Phene, F.S.A., Carlton Chambers, 12 Regent Street, ^V. Spiller, William, 66 Fitzjohn's Avenue, N.W. Spineux et Cie, 86 Montagne de la Cour, Brussels. Spon, Francis N., 125 Strand, \\'.C. Spon, William, 125 Strand, W.C. Spranger, \V. V. G., Southampton. SpRRADiiURv, T., 124 Cheapside, E.C. Spriggs, John F., 36 Mervan Road, Brixton, S.W. Sprules, Miss M. A., 20 Conduit Street, Regent Street, AV. Spry, AA'illiam J. J., R.N., F.R.G.S., Therapia, St. Andrew's Road, Southsca, Hants. Spurgeon, Rev. C. H., Beulah Hill, Upper Nor- wood, S.E. Spurgin, S. E., AViUow Lodge, Lordship Road, N. Squire, William Stevens, Ph.D., 30 St. John's M'ood Park, N.W. Stackhouse, William A., Stackhouse, near Settle, Yorkshire. Stahl, Hermann, 21 Clarendon Road, I.ewisham, S.E. Stainton-Moses, W., M.A., 30 St. Peter's, Bed- ford. Stakes, Miss, Hanch Hall, Lichfield. Stalybridge Corporation, Town Hall, Staly- bridge. Stamp (Blatspiel) and Heacock, 38 Knightrider Street, E.C. Stand.\ge, H. C, Chestnut A'illa, Gravelly Hill, Birmingham. Stanes, Mrs. Robert. Stanlake, R., 8 Regent Street, Plymouth. Stanley, Herbert T., Eton College. Stannus, Hugh, F.R.I.B.A., 61 Larkhall Rise, Clapham, S.W. Stanton, Charles Holbrow, 65 Redcliffe Gar- dens, S.W. Stanwell, G. F., 1 6 St. Helen's Place, E.C. Starkey, Frederick, 27 New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, E.C. Starkey, Richard, 27 New Bridge Street, E.C. Starkey, William, Homecroft, Worthing, Susse.v. Starling, Henry, 86 Albion Road, Stoke Ncwing- ton, N. Starr, James, Wallgate, AVigan. Stedman, a. M. M., Milford, Godalming. Stedman, J. M., 5 O.xford Gardens, Leytonstonc, Essex. Stedman, John, i 2 Bcrners Street, W. Stedman, R. B., 33 High Street, Godalming. Steel, C. and E., 2 i Marmion Road, Soulhsea. Steel, George Rai ici.iik. Woodlands, BcxJey, Kent. LIST OF SUBSCRIIU'.RS 565 Stkki., Thomas, 44 liclsizc I'ark, N.W. Steele, Miss Jkanie, 26 P.lunilicld Road, Shep- herd's Bush, W. Stf.en, J. DuNi'.AR, "WolvcrhaniiHon. Steooai.i., Mrs. J. \\'. 1!., 3 (Hiecii S(iuarc, l^.looiiis- bury, W.C. Steigeu, Baron Ar-r.i';RT Alexander dk. Meadow ("rofi, Siilton, Surrey. Stein, Andrew, aTid Co., 23 l.iine Street, E.G. Stenhouse, Ai.kx., {'ollcgo date, Hillhead, Glasgow. Stephen, Miss Rosamond, 32 De \'erc Gardens, Kensington, W. SxErHEN.s, John, Strafford Villa, Alpha Road, Millwall. Stephens, T. A., 3 St. Leonard's Terrace, Chel- sea, S.\\'. Stephenson, John, Borough Treasurer, Town Hall, Grimsby. Stephenson, Mrs., 6g Ferntower Road, Highbury, New Park, N. Sterland, Roi'.ert, 2 Bellovue Road, New South- gale, N. Stevens, A. B., M.B., Springfield, Tulsc Hill, S.\\'. Stevens, Benjamin F., Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Steven.s, R. N., W'oodham Hall, Woking. Stevens, William, 421 Strand, W.C. Stevens and Hjvynes, 13 Bell Yard, Temple T'.ar, W.C. Stevenson, H.. 25 Binficld Road, Clapham Road. S.W. Stevenson, Henry, i i 7 Lower Thames Street, E.C. Stevenson, J. C, Elm Cottage, Fishbourne, Chichester. Stevenson, Dr. Thomas, 45 Gresham Road, Brix- ton, S.W. Stewart, Mrs., Dyrock Cottage, Prestwick, Ayr, N.B. Stewart, Alan, 15 Old Square, Lincoln's Lin, W.C. Stewart, Joseph, 31 Threadneedle Street, E.C. Stewart, Lewis M., Peper Harow Road, Clodalming, Surrey. Stewart, General Shaw, 61 Lancaster Gate, W. SiiLWEi.L, G. Holt, Hilficld, Yatclcy, Hants. SriLWEi.L, Hknuv, Moorcroft, Hillingdon, near Uxbridgc. Stilwell, John Pakenham, Hilfield, Yalcicy, Hants. SiiMsoN, Edwin Charles, Cuba House, Allierton Road, Forest Gate, E. SiocK, Iv Herisert, 57 Queen Square, Bristol. Stockdai.e, .Almert, Wootlhousc Hill, Hudders- field. .Stoddard, IL, id Si. Mark's \'illas, I )alslon, N.I'',. Stoke.s, Mis.s, Hand) Hall, Lirlificld. SioKES, .^DOLPiius I''rkderick, 5 I'.in hin Lane, Cornhill, E.C. Stokes, Johm, Apsley House, Margate. Stollery, Arthur George, 64 l''ann Street, E.C. Stone, John M., 3 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C. Stoneham, Frank, 79 Cheapside, E.C. Stoneham, RoiiERT THOMPSON, Beredcus, Combe Green, Great \\'arley, Essex. Stonhii.l, Norah, 104 King's Road, Camden Road, N.W. Stonhill, W. John, 104 King's Road, Camden Road, N.W. Storey, Samuel, M.P., Holm Lea, Sunderland. Storr, Edwin, Robey Villa, Hornsey, N. Storrow, G. R., Westmorland House, Durdham Park, Bristol. Storrs, William, J.I'., Fern Rank, Slalybridge, Lancashire. Story, G EORGE Arti lu R, I -. I ).S. R.C.S., Vale House, Canterbury. Story, Lieut.-C!olonel Philip, P.almain, Highgatc, N. Stott, Charles E., The Polygon, Broughton, Manchester. Stott, David, 370 Oxford Street, W. Stott, Nowf.ll Stanhope, 26 Austin Friars, E.C. Stoughton, Rev. Dr., 21 Gordon Road, Ealing. ^V. Strachan, T. Y., Roseworth, Sylvan Road, Upper Norwood, S.E. Straker, a. G., Belle Vuc, Nollinghani Road, South Croydon, Surrey. 366 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Straker, S., and Sons, i 24 Fencliurch Street, E.G. Strangeways, W. N., Newbold Lane, Sheffield. Strangways, Miss E. L., 4 Balmoral Terrace, St. Helen's, Jersey. Strawson, Henry J., 38 Great St. Helen's, E.G. Stride, Arthur L., Bush Hall, Hatfield, Herts. Strongitharm, Major, Prior's Lea, Barrow-in- Furness, Lancashire. Stroud, George, 65, 67, and 69 High Street, Lewisham, S.E. Stroud, William, Clironick Office, Goleshill, near Birmingham. Strudwick, T., 23 Dartford Road, Dartford. Stuart, Rev. Jamks, The Manse, Wallington, Surrey. Studd, Mrs., 130 Queen's Gate, S.W. Sturley, Arthur D., 62 Old Broad Street, E.G. Sturi.ey, John H., 6 Willow Bridge Road, Ganonbury, N. Stutfield, a. R. O., 77 Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, W.G. Stutz, W. F., II and 12 Great Tower Street, E.G. Sulliyan, Sir Arthur (Walter Smythe, secretary), I Queen's Mansions, Victoria Street, S.\\'. SuTCLiFF. J. H., Farfield House, Ripley, Surrey. SuTCLiFFE,Rev. Thomas, M.A., J. P., Boyds House, Heptonstall, Yorkshire. Sutherland, George, Arboretum Square, Derby. Sutherland, Robert, 28 ^Voodside Place, Glasgow. Sutton, F. M., 173 Aldersgate Street, E.G. Sutton, Lancaster, 53 Eastbourne Terrace, Hyde Park, W. Sutton, Willlvm 'I'., F.S.A.A., 20 Bucklersbury, E.G. Swain, W. D. P., Grove Hill, llcnthani. Swan, J. Gameron, 4 St. Nicholas i'.uildings, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Swan, M. E., 12 Eaton Terrace, Gircus Road, Si. John's Wood, N.W. Swan, Michael, 12 Eaton Terrace, Circus Road, St. John's Wood, N.W. SwANN, Edward Jamks, The Gables, Leigh Woods, Clifton. SwANN, J. F., Mansfield House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, S.E. SwANSON, Andrew Isles, 112 Gheapside, E.C. Sweetman, G., Market Place, Wincanton, Bath. Swindells, George H., 7 Cranbourne Road, Heaton Moor, near Stockport. Swiss, A. H., iii Fore Street, Devonport. Symons, S., 27 Queen's Gate Terrace, South Kensington, S.\A'. Tacey, John C, 17 City Road, E.C. Taddy and Co., 45 Minories, E. Taillefer, C, Advocate Standing Counsel to the French Embassy, 5 Chancery Lane, W.G. Tait, Mrs., 54 Fellows Road, South Hampstead, N.W. Tait, A. Fraser, 62 Hatcham Park Road, New Cross, S.E. Talbot, Charles Henry, 27 Chancery Lane, W.G. Talbot, J. G., M.P., Falconhurst, Eden Bridge, Kent. Talbot, R. M., 155 Bow Road, E. Tallent, W. B., Broomhall Street, Sheffield. Tannahill, John Richard, 2 Grove Road, Ley- tonstone, E. Tannenbaum, A., 12 \Vcst Smithfield, FlC. Taplin, John, Havant, Hants. Tarn, A. Wyndham, F.I. A., 55 Torbay Road, Willesden Lane, N.^V. Tarner, G. Edward, 35 High Street, Marylebone, \\. Tarrant, Henry, Duchy of Lancaster Office, W.(". Tarrant, AValter, Elmhurst, licckenham, Kent. Tart, James, 2 Moscow Villas, Albert Road, South Norwood, S. F;. s.s. "Tartar," Union Line, Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and East African Royal Mail Steamer ; Offices, South African House, 94-96 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. Tassell, James, Faversham. Tate, ]''rederick, 5 Fenchurch Street, E.C. Tautz, Imjmund, Colombe Lodge, Ealing, W. Tautz, Frederick George, Dibdin House, Hanger Hill, Iviliiii,', W. LIST ()!• Suisse R I hi: KS 3C7 Tawse, CiEOKGF., I'liory Site, 224 lielsizc Road, Kilbuni, N.W. Tavlkr, Frank, C.C, F.S.A., F.R.d.S., 10 Queen Street, ClieapsiJe, E.C. Tavi.or, Ashton, 48 Scaitcliffe Street, Accrington, Lancashire. Tavlor, Charles, 28 Love Lane, Eastchcap, l''-.C. Taylor, Charles, 23 \Var\vii k Lane, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C. Tavlor, E. F., The Beeches, Keightoii, near Rotherham. Taylor, G. O., Boulogne-sur-Mer. Taylor, George, 22 Harley Street, Bow Road, E. Taylor, George Reuben, 58 Leadcnhall Market, E.C. Taylor, George W., 116 Cannon Street, E.C. 1'aylor, John, Park Lodge, Dagnall Park, South Norwood, Surrey. Taylor, John E., Sawbridgeworth, Herts. Taylor, John Robert, Moss Grove, Kingswinford. Taylor, John Thorp, Oaklands, Hohnfirth. Taylor, Joseph West, North Waltham, Michel- dever, Hants. Taylor, Richard Keeys, 45 Cambridge Street, Pimlico, S.W. Taylor, Robert C, Assoc. Mem. List. C.E., St. James's Gate Brewery, Dublin. 'LvYLOR, Mrs. Thomas, Beech Holme, Booking, Braintree, Essex. Taylor, Willl\m, 3 Adelaide Place, London Bridge, E.C. Taylor and Son, 9 College Street, Northampton. Teal, J., 16 Southgate, Halifax. Teape, Miss, 4 Cambridge Gate, Regent's Park, N.W. Teape, Miss M. S., 4 Cambridge Gate, Regent's Park, N.W. Tearenside, Mrs., Morecambe. Teb.yy, Frederick, ia Poland Street, W. Tebbs, Stephen N., Hillside, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol. Tegner, a., 107 Fenchurch Street, E.C. Tellefsen, John, 33 The Parade, Cardiff. Temple, Willl\m R. H., 66 Carlisle Mansions, Victoria Street, S.W. I'l.kuv, Edmund, 5 Grosvenor Road, lligliinny New Park, N. rKRR\, James, Freemasons' Hall, London, W'.C. Perrn', James E., i Tokenhouse Buildings, Lolh- bury, I'lC. Terry, John, F.R.G.S., 31 Milk Street, E.C. Thacker, Thoalys Wn.LL\M, Lea Hurst, Hadley, Middlesex. Thacker, W., and Co., 87 Newgate Street, E.C. liiAiN, James, The Royal Bank of Scotland, London, li.C. TiLMiiiicR, Captain H., 28 Chapel Street, Ik-lgravc Square, S.W. 'J'j//; Review, Editor ok, 480/20 Bucklersbury, E.C. Theak, Frederic, 28 Jewin Crescent, I'lC. Theobald, B. G., 23 St. Swiihin's Lane, E.C. Theobald, Henry Studdy, 3 Westbournc Square, Bayswater, W. Theobald, Morell, F.C.A., 23 St. Swithin's Lane, E.C. Thilthorpe, J. A., Roslyn, Denmark Villas, ^\'est Brighton. 'Thin, James, South Bridge, and Lifirmary Street, Edinburgh. ThiseltonT^yer, \\. T., Royal Gardens, Kcw, 'Thoburn, Ralph Glascoit, 2i1> ^t- Bride Street, E.C. THOMA.S, Abraham, J.I'., Crynilun Villa, Llan- samlet, Swansea. Thomas, Charles V., Camborne. Thomas, Edward, High Street, Tewkesbury. Thomas, Surgeon G. Harley, F.R.C.S., Sparkford Lodge, Winchester. Thomas, Paul A., Devonport House, Ncw-Malden, Surrey. Thomas, Miss Rachel, 28 Norfolk Street, Park Lane, W. Thomas, Verrinder, Grosvenor Gallery Library, 137 New Bond Street, W. Thomas, William, 103 Talbot Road, Bayswater, W. Thomason, Yeoville, F.R.LB.A., 9 Observatory Gardens, Kensington. Thompson, Cornelius, 24 Leadenhall Street, E.C. 368 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Thompson, Edward Healv, Pery Lodge, Chelten- ham. Thomi'SON, R, Behiiount Lodge, Harrow. Thompson, George, 73 Stamford Hill, N. Thompson, George H., Baileygate, Alnwick. Thompson, R. S., J. P., Elm Bank, Workington. Thompson, Tho.m.v.s P., 49 Grandison Road, Clapham Common, S.W. Thompson, Thomas William, Eastham Ferry, Birkenhead. Thompson, W. J., Ashford, Kent. Thompson, ^\jLI.IAM, J. P. for Cumberland, Newlands, Workington, Cumberland. Thompson, William Charles E., Locksbottom, Farnborough, Kent. Thomson, D. C, i i 7 New Bond Street, W. Thomson, R., Grangemuir, Wimbledon Common, S.W. Thomson, W. W., Tamworth, Mitcham, Surrey. Thomson-Sinclair, W. S., Dunbeath Castle, Caithness, N.B. Thonet Brothers, 47 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. Thonger, Charles W., 22 De Grey Road, Leeds. Thorn HER, Joseph Harry, Bedford Lodge, Earlham Grove, Forest Gate, Essex. Thornbery, J. H., 123 Borough High Street, S.E. Thornk, Charles, Wiveliscombe, Somerset. Thornton, Thoma.s, i i Talgarth Road, West Kensington, W. Threfall, Thoma.s, 19 Holland Park, \\'. TiiiBErrs, W. Oscar, 14 Moorgate Street, E.C. TiCE, Tho.mas, 3 Well Street, Falcon Square, E.C. 'I'li.LEY, LuKi;, /''nv J'/rss Office, Ledbury. TiLLEY, TiiOM.vs, 15 Walbrook, E.C. '1'im.ijus, C. F., 90 High Street, Bedford. TiMiiRELL, A. A., 24 Martin's Lane, Cannon Street, E.C. 'I'iNDAi.L, Edwin, Sidcup Rise, Sidcuj), Kent. Tindali, and Co., Newmarket. Tingle, Frederic Joseph, F.C.A., iio Cannon Street, E.C. Tingle, Henry John, 7 Great Queen Street, Westminster, S.W. TiNi.iNE, J. M., The Grange, Whimple, near E.xeter. TiNNE, H. ^^"., Union Club, Trafalgar Square, S.W. Tipping, Lieut. -Colonel William Fearon, Brasted Park, .Sevenoaks. Tir-BiTS Offices, Burleigh Street, Strand, W.C. Todd, C. J., 18 Bread Street Hill, E.C. Todd, T. N., 6 Grove Road, New Southgate, N. Tolley, James T., 83 Lewisham High Road, New Cross, S.E. ToMALiN, Lewis R. S., 22 Homefield Road, The Ridgway, Wimbledon, Surrey. ToMKiNS, Alfred S.will, 4 Heene Terrace, Worthing, Sussex. ToMSETT, William H.,3 Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, E.C. ToMSON, Percy C, Market Square, St. Neots. Tonge, Charles F., 8 Upper Park Place, Rich- mond Hill. Tookey, Robert H., Bridgen Villas, Forty Hill, Enfield. 'I'oRFs, Victor, 38 Trinity Square, E.C. Torkey, Margaret R., 125 Victoria Street, S.W. Torre, Rev.H. J., Norton Curlieu, near A\'arwick. Tosh, Henry, jun., 99 Hill Street, Garnethill, Glasgow. Tottenham and Holmes, Brill. Touch, George A., 47 Goldhurst Terrace, South Hampstead, N.W. Tower, Christopher J. H., Weald Hall, Brent- wood. Town, Charles Willia.m, 114 Commercial Road, Peckham, S.E. 'I'owN, H. p., 25 Millbrook Road, Brixton. TowNEND, Thomas S., 80 Fleet Street, E.C. TowNSEND, George W., 15 Stockwell Green, S.W. Trausel, Josef F., i i Ardleigh Road, Southgate Road, N. Travers, Major John Amdry, Dorney House, Wcybridge, Surrey. Travers, Miss Marv, 8 Dclamere Terrace, Wcslbourne Teiiatc, W. LIST UF SL'lJSCRlliKRS 3C9 TkKACHEK, H. and C, i North Street and East Street, ISrigliton. 'I'ri;i:i.I':, John, 15 Marlboroiii^li I'lace, St. John's Wood, N.W. Trkcki-las, C. p., Cromer House, Macaulay Road, Clapham Common, S.W. Trkmharnk, Anthony, Southsea House, Thread- needle Street, E.C. TKiiNCH, Charles Edward Lii I'olr, Superin- tendent, BiUingsgate Market. Trk.sidder, Samuel J. L., 23 Clreen liank, Vix\- mouth. 'I'ki';si.sk, J. N., Burton-on-Trent. Treves, Frederick, F.R.C.S., 6 Winipolc Street, W. Trew, Anthony R. F., M.S. A., 22 liroad Street, Bristol. Trewinnard, Mrs. H. A., 23 Crofton Road, Camberwell, S.E. '1'rigg, Mrs. John, Strathpefler, Boston Road, Hanwell, Middlesex. I'rinder, Frederick, M.D. Univ. of Tenn., 10 Chepstow Place, AVestbourne Grove, W. Tkist, John W., F.S.A., F.S.L, etc., 62 Old Broad Street, E.C. Tkitton, The Misses, 5 Gordon Road, Ealing, W. Tritton, Willia.m Birch, 51 Carleton Road, Tufnell Park, N. s.s. "Trojan," Union Line, Cape of Clood Hope, Natal, and East African Royal Mm\ Steamer ; Offices, South African House, 94-96 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. Trotter, Mrs. M., 22 ALaddox Street, Hanover Square, A\'. Trower, H. Seymour, 51 Montagu Square, W. Truscott, Alderman Sir Francis Wyatt, Oak- leigh. East Grinstead, Sussex. Truscott, J. Freeman, Suffolk Lane, E.C. Truslove and Shirley, 143 Oxford Street, A\'. Tucker, Mrs. Adelaide, De Vera House, De Vere Gardens, W. Tucker, Roswell, 59 Carlton Hill, St. John's Wood, N.AV. Tucker, Thomas, 73 \'ictoria Street, S.W. TuEk, Mrs., 18 Nolting Hill Sciuare, \\'. TuER, Andrew Whitk, iS Nottin- Hill Square, \y. Tui.LV-LoTT, F., 119 Alexandra Road, Si. John's Wood, N.W. TuNZELMANN, G. W. DE, 65 Longridgc Road, South Kensington, S.W. TuPMAN, Lieut. -Colonel George Lyon, Royal Marine Artillery, V.RR.A.S., The Observa- tory, Harrow-on-the-Hill. Turketine, T., 19A Coleman Street, E.C. TuRNiiULL, James T, 23 Princes Street, Hanover Square, W. Turner, B. B., The Lawn, Tulse Hill, S.W. Turner, E. Trevelvan, Riverside, Chiswick Mall, W. Turner, George, 78 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Turner, John Goldicutt, Rickinghall, Suffolk. Turner, Sidney H., 69 Aldermanbury, E.C. Turner, T. N., 37 Upjier P^erkeley Street, Port- man Square, A\'. Turnpenney, Wii.i.iAM J., S Hart Street, ALirk Lane, E.C. 'I'URTON, Miss, Myrtle Cottage, 9 Wellington Road, Bow, E. TusTiN, J. E., Glenesk, Blackheath Park, S.E. Tweedy, George, i Crosby Square, E.C. TwENTYMAN, Mrs., Castlecioft, near \Volverhamp- ton. TwENTVMAN, A. C, Castlecroft, near Wolverhamp- ton. Twining, Herbert Haynes, 215 Strand, W.C. Twining, Samuel, 2 1 5 Strand, W.C. Tvhurst, James, l-'ounder.s' Court, Lothbury, E.C. Tvlee, E. Graham, 62 St. (korge's Road, War- wick Square, S.A\'. Tyler, Alderman, 17 Queenhithe, E.C. TvLER, Charles, F.L.S., F.G.S., etc., Elberton, Finchley New Road, N.W. UnderhilLjAlfred, 32 Clarendon Road,Croydon, Surrey. Underbill, J. T., 101 Chobham Road, Stratford, E. 3 B )70 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Underhii.i., Jdiix, 36 Alexandra Road, \\iin- bledoii, S.W. Undkrwood, Rev. Canon, Histon Vicarage, Cambridge. UwviN Brothers, The Gresham Press Buildings, Little Bridge Street, Ludgate Hill, E.C. Unwin, Edw.vrd, Little Bridge Street, Ludgate Hill, E.C. Urquhart, William, 327 Edgware Road, W. UsMAR, John H., 34 Palmerston Buildings, E.C. Uttlev, Miss J., 15 The Priory, Higher Broughton, Manchester. Utton, Rev. T. F., 98 Tavistock Street, Bedford. UziELi.i, Theodore, 49 Fitzjohn's Avenue, Hamp- stead, N.W. Vacher, Sydney, 35 Wellington Street, W.C. Vale, Samuel \Vhite, 120 Gravel Lane, Hounds- ditch, E. Vallings, H. a., 27 Nicholas Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Vanderuvl, Mrs. P., Northwood, Winchester. Varev, Thoma.s, J. p., Clifton, York. Vargas, C, Leadenhall Buildings, Leadcnhall Street, E.C. Vartv, ■\Vn.LiAM Calvert, Langwathby, Belsize Lane, Hampstead, N.\\'. Vasev, James, Northallerton, Yorkshire. Vaughan, N. Jenner, Royal Saxon Hotel, St. Leonards-on-Sea. Vaughan, W. Henry, i Royal Crescent, Brighton. Veevers, Richard, Woningworth, Fulwood Park, near Preston. Venaules, 'J". C, 17 Queenhithe, E.C. Vernon, Hon. W. W., Grosvenor Place, S.W. Verrall, Henry, 26 Gloucester Place, Brighton. Vesper, G., i i Park Villas, Charlton Road, Rlackheath, S.E. Vey, C, Blundellsands, Liverpool. Vey, S. H., 40 Dale Street, Liverpool. Vezev, John Jewell, 21 Mincing Lane, E.C. ViCKERS-wooD, T., 34 Churton Street, Belgrave Road, S.W. Vignoi.es, Ernest B., 28 I.anhill Road, Padding- ton, W. Vine, George John, M.D., 3 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ViNEv, J. Elliott, i Creed Lane, Ludgate Hill, E.C. ViNNE, Theodore L. de. The De Vinne Press, New York. ViRGOE, Henry, 323 Brixton Road, S.\\'. Virtue, Herbert, 294 City Road, E.C. Vivian, R. Glynn, 24 Eaton Square, S.W. Vizard, Major-General W. J., Enderby House, Dursley, Gloucestershire. Voile, William, 91 Preston Street, Faversham. Voorst, J. J. Muller van, 697 Keizersgracht, Amsterdam. Vos, D. DE, St. Aloysius School, Hornsey Lane, N. Voss, Henry, Denmark House, Tilehuist Road, Reading, Berks. Vyse, Charles Harry, Copeland Street, Stoke- upon-Trent. Wage, Frederick Charles, M.A., LL.M., J. P. (Mayor of Cambridge), Shaftesbury House, Brooklands, Cambridge. Wade, J. A., 9 Victoria Street, Westminster, S.\\'. Wade, William Rochfort, 65 Chancery Lane, W.C. Wahah, Edward, Goldings, Loughton, Essex. Waite, John, Walton House, Grassendale, Liver- pool. Wakefield, Leonard C, Lloyd's, E.C. Wakeman, George Herbert, Warminster. Walch, Charles E., Hobart, Tasmania. Walch, Fanny, Hobart, Tasmania. Walch, jAMf:s H. B., Hobart, Tasmania. Waldock, F. W., 3 and 5 Marylebonc Lane, \\. Walford, Edward, M.A., 7 Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. \Valker, E. D., Darlington. Walker, Henry, 37 Briggate, Leeds. Walker, James Liddell, Cottenham, Wimbledon, Surrey. Walker, John, Ivrrringdon House, \\'ar\vick Lane, JC.C. \\'alkkr, John ScoTr, 9 Mount \ie\v Road, Crouch Hill, N. LIST Ol- SUHSCRim'RS .^7 1 \Valker, Roi:f,rt, M.A., Tillydrone House, Old Aberdeen. Wai.kf.r, Samuel, 22 Moorgate Street, K.C. Walker, Thomas, Frathy House, Albert Road, Albert Bridge, S.W. Walker, W. \V., Aylesbury. Walker, Wn,LL\jr, 18 Vonge Park, Finshury Park, N. Wali,, Fred. J., 14S Ramsden Road, Ralham. Wall, Reginald Bligh, 72 Bishop's Road, Bays- water, W. Wallace, A. H. (R. Marquis Mackilligin and Co.), 65 Fenchurch Street, E.G. Wallace, Miss J., 37 Springdale Road, Green Lanes, N. \Vallen, Frederick, 96 Gower Street, W.C. Waller, Frederick, Q.C., 6 Chester Square, S.W. Waller, George, Fairlight House, Leyton. Waller, Robert John, 15 Grosvenor Crescent, Hyde Park Corner, S.W. Waller, William Chapman, Loughton, Esse.x. Wallford, William, M.R.C.S.Eng., Walton Lodge, Sydenham Rise, Forest Hill, S.E. Wallis, C. J., 93 Brecknock Road, N. Wat, lis, Harrv, i 7 Philpot Lane, E.G. Wali.ls, Whitsvortii, F.S.A., F.R.G.S., Director of the Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham. Wallis, William, Suffolk House, 5 Laurence Pountney Hill, E.G. \\'allis, William Emerson, Singapore Lisurance Co., Limited, 78 Cornhill, E.G. Walsh, Frederick, 440 O.xford Street, \V. Walter, Arthur F., Queen Victoria Street, E.G. Walter, Arthur J., 3 Crown Office Row, Temple, E.G. Walter, James William, 122 Fleet Street, E.G. Walter, Thomas, 8 Preston Road, Poplar, E. Walton, Miss, The Tower, Sydenham, S.E. Wanklvn, M. H., Mayfield, Gheam, Surrey. Warhl'rg, Edward M., Filing Lodge, Arkwright Road, Hampstead, N.W. Warburton, Samuel, Trenton, Bedford Hill, Balhani, S.W. Warburton, Thomas, F.G.S., 1 1 Grange Road, Canonbury, N. Ward, Arthur Gilbert, 41 Central Meat Market, E.G. Ward, Bernard Henry, 32 St. Michael's Place, Brighton. W.VRD, F. Peterson, 46 Hamilton Terrace, N.W. Wai^d, Frederick, Elmdene, Brondesbury Park, Willcsden Lane, N.W. Ward, George, Lyndhurst, Stowe Road, Gold- hawk Road, W. Ward, H. Marshall, The Laurels, Englefield (Ireen, Staines. Ward, Harry William, J^cron/er Office, Beverley. Ward, Jesse W., Advertiser Office, Croydon. \\\\<.\), Thomas Field, Park Road South, Middles- brough. Ward, \\'illiam, jun., Claremont, Amluirst Park, Stamford Hill, N. Warde, Lieut.-Colonel, Squerrycs Court, Wester- ham, Kent. Wardleworth, T. R., iS and iSa Brown Street, Manchester. ^^'ARE, James, J.l". for County of Glamorgan, Penarth, Glamorgan. Ware, AV. W., 20 Ivy Lane, E.G. Warner, Henry Lee, The Abbey, Walsingham, Norfolk. Warner, S. G., 6 Patten Road, \\'andsw()rth Common, .S.\\'. Warren, Arthur, 12 Garlyle Mansions, Glieync Walk, S.W. Warren, The Rev. G. I''. S., South fields, Long- ford, Coventry. Warren, Frederic, and Co., Dashwood House, New Broad Street, l'",.C. Warren, John, 95 Lancaster Gate, W. Warren, Walter R., 21 Mincing Lane, E.G. Warren and Son, 85 High Street, U'inchester. \\'ar\vick, J. Arthur, Beech View, Bromley, Kent. Warwick, W'. B., i Saunders Terrace, Wellesley Road, Leytonstone, E. Washbourne, Robert, 18 Paternoster Row, E.G. Waterer, W. 1. 3/2 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Wateri.ow, Gkorce Sydney, J. P., D.I.., etc., Sudbury House, Harrow. W'aterlow, Philip H., 26 Great Winchester Street, E.G. Waters, Arthur W., 79 Old Kent Road, S.E. W.\TERS, Chari.es, London and County Bank, King's Cross, N. Waters, G. E., 97 Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, W. Watkinson, Henry, Hall Street, Spalding. Watney, John, F.S.A., Mercers' Hall, E.G. W.4TXEY, Norman, \'alence, Westerham. Watney, Walter U., 33 Poultry, E.G. Watson, W. H., 104 Rectory Road, N. Watt, A. P., 2 Paternoster Square, K.C. Watt, Rev. G. I>. D., 2 Park Road, Feeds. Whitehead, Roland, 14 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, AV.C. ^VHITEHEAD, Thoma.s, 17 Trinity Street, Leeds. Whitehead, Thomas, 4 Mincing Lane, E.C. Whitfei.d, IL, 20 Torrington Place, Plymouth. 374 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS ^VHIT^^ORE, L. H., 2A The Mansions, Earl's Court Road, S.W. W'hitnky, Reginald (C. Mitchell and Co.), 12 and 13 Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. Whittemore, Rev. W. Meynell, D.D. (Rector of St. Katherine Cree), Sutton, Surrey. Whittet, a.. West Oaks, Weybridge, Surrey. Whittingham, W. B., and Co., 91 Gracechurch Street, E.C. Whittingham, William Elliott, Comely Bank, \\'althamstow. Whitton, John, 24 Arthur Road, Holloway, N. Whittuck-Rabbits, C. J., Thriffwood, Forest Flill, S.E. Whitwham, Francis George, 8 Drapers' Gardens, E.C. Whvte, Robert, 19 Bury Street, St. Mary Axe, E.C. WiDDisoN, Thomas, 14 Fargate, Sheffield. WiDDOWsoN, T. S., I Hawthorn Road, Waltham- stow. Wienholt, Miss, Merley, \\'imbourne. WiGAN, James (Prime Warden of the Goldsmiths' Company), Cromwell House, Mortlake. Wigdahl, A. L., 147 New Bond Street, W. Wight, Edgar, Tedstone Court, Worcester. WiGHTWicK, E. W., 225 Stanstead Road, Forest Hill, S.E. Wilbee, J. C, Harrow. WiLCOCKs, H. S., Wyndham Square, Plymouth. Wild, James Anstey, jun.. City of London Courts, Guildhall, E.C. Wilde, Mrs. E. A., 84 Lexham Gardens, Kensing- ton, W. WiLDEN, Miss Alice, 47 Bouverie Road, Stoke Newington, N. Wildes, Mrs., 24 Lowndes Square, S.W. WiLDV, Augustus G., 13 Fumival's Inn, E.C. WiLKiNR, John Walter, to Connaught Road, Norwich. WiLKiNs, William ITknry, 93 Gladstone Avenue, Wood Green, N. Wilkinson, Lieut. Colonel A. R., 107 Phillieach Gardens, Earl's Court, S.W. Wilkinson, Miss Fanny, i Seafield Road, Hove, Brighton. AViLKiNSON, Josiah, 24 Colemau Street, E.C. Wilkinson, P. A\'ilmot, 25 Farringdon Road, E.C. Wilkinson, W. C, F.Z.S., Rue Scribe, Paris. Willans, W. H., J.P., D.L., 23 Holland Park, ^^'. ^\'ILLCOX, Brodie a., 28 Portman Square, \\'. WiLLETT, Dr. E. Sparshall, J. p., W'yke House, Isleworth. WiLi,iAMS, Alfred Clarke, 2 The Cloisters, Temple, E.C. Williams, Edwin Henry, i Muston Road, Upper Clapton, N.E. WiLLiAM.s, F. Bessant, 46 Leicester Square, W.C. Williams, G. Leycester, 41 Ickburgh Road, Upper Clapton, N.E. Williams, G. R. O., ^^'oodville, Fortis Green Road, East Finchley, N. Williams, George, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C. Williams, H. N. T., 15 Leadenhall Street, E.C. Williams, H. R., The Priory, Hornsey, N. Williams, Harold, Post Office, St. Quintin's Avenue, Netting Hill, ^\'. Williams, Illtyd, Dowlais House, Middles- brough. Williams, J. H., 89 Upper Thames Street, E.C. Williams, John, 9 Billiter Square, F,.C. WiLLL'\MS, John, 63 Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, \V. Williams, John, Chiswell House, Finsbury Pave- ment, E.C. Williams, John, 28 Lancaster Gate, Hyde Park,\\'. Williams, General Owen, 24 Hill Street, Berkeley Square, W. Williams, Philip, Hinstock Hall, Market Dray- ton. \\'iLLiAMS, '1". C, 52 Ferntower Road, ilii;hbury, N. Williams, Thomas G., St. Helen's, Rathgar Road, Co. I)ubliii. Wii.LLXMs, William P., 25 Kcnnington Park Road, S.l';. WiLM AMsoN, Rev. AkiiiCR, St. James's \'icarage, 23 Holland Paik Gardens, W. i.isr oi'- suhscrihi:ks 375 Williamson, (_'. J,, 13S l.cadcnhall Street, V..C. Williamson, F., 2 George Place, Greenwich. \ViLLL\MsoN, Georgk Charles, F.R.S.L., F.S.S., F.R.Hist.Soc, Diinstanbeorh, Guiltlford, Surrey. \ViLLL\MSON, Mrs. M. .\., Alliiigtoii House, 'rotten- ham, N. Willis, Charlies, 283 Claphani Roail, S.W. U'lLLis, Charles, Simpson's, 76 Cheapside, and i 2 Pancras Lane, E.C. Willis, David, 32 Cornhill, E.C. Willis, H. S., 29 Circus Road, N.W. Willis, John, 58 ISelgrave Road, S.W. Willis, Julian, M.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., 64 Suther- land Avenue, Maida Vale, W. Willis, A\'altkr, A.K.C, and Assoc.M.Inst.C.E., 7 7 lirondesbury Villas, Kilburii, N.W. Wills, A. Stanley, i Dr. Johnson's Buildings, Temple, E.C. \ViLLS, Frederick, Heath Lodge, Hampstead Heath, N.W. Wills, H., Loughborough. Wills, Henry Overton, Aak, \'eblungsnaes, Norway. Wills, Henry Overton, juii., iSS Portsdown Road, Maida Vale, '\\'. Wills, \Villiam Henry, 25 Hyde Park Gardens, Willis, William H., 80 Long x\cre, W.C. Wilson, A. C, Fleet Club, Salisbury Hotel, Salisbury Square, E.C. Wilson, Alfred, 18 Gracechurch Street, E.C. Wilson, David, 26 Kempsford Road, Lower Kennington Lane, S.E. Wilson, Ed. L., Hill Park, Bannockburn. Wilson, George Lewis, High Road, Tottenham. Wilson, H. F., The Osiers, Chiswick Mall. Wilson, Henry J., Osgathorpe Hills, Sheffield. Wilson, J. Crosland, Ryhope, ^\■estcombe Hill, Blackheath, S.E. Wilson, J. F., Messrs. Cassell and Co., Limited, La Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate Hill, E.C. \ViLS0N, J. Hay, 14 Lexham Gardens, Kensington, \V. Wilson, John, C.E., Orchard Villa, Bacup. Wilson, James Henry, 2 St. John's Gardens, Ladbrokc Grove, \\'. Wilson, Rohert, 10 St. Bride Street, IvC. Wilson, T., High Gale, Kendal. Wilson, Thomas, 142 O.xford Street, Manchester. Wilson, William Francis, The "Rose" Hotel, King Street, Maidenhead, Berks. Wilson and Whitwoktii, Romford, Essex. Wiltshire, Rev. Professor Thomas, M.A., F.G.S., etc., 25 Granville Park, Lewisham, S.E. Winchester, James A., 38 Westwood Street, Moss Side, Manchester. Winchester, W., 3 P.irchington Road, Kilburn. WiNCOTT, Henry, Jxadenhall Market, E.C. WiNDEiiANK, Thomas, Ship and Royal Hotel, Lytham, Lancashire. WiNDLE, Rev. William (Rector of St. Stephen, Walbrook), i 7 Breakspear Road, Biockley, S.E. WiNFiELD, Samuel Henry, The Hall, Stoke Ferry, Norfolk. WiNGRAVE, Alfred, 418 Camden Road, N. WiNHAM, Rev. Dan., Western House, Brighton. Winkfield, John T. C, J. P., D.L., 10 St. John's Park, Blackheath, S.E. Winter, Duncan, and Co., 10 C'astle Street, Dundee. Wintle, Charles F., Roseville, 9 Dewhurst Road, West Kensington, W. WiRG.MAN, T. E., Harrow. Wise, John, 459 Mile End Road, E. Wise, ^VILLIAM Henry, 38 Ennismorc Gardens, Hyde Park, S.\V. WisSENDEN, W. J., 26 Endymion Terrace, Finsbury Park, N. W1THER.S, Henry, 43 Bryanston Street, Portman Square, ^V". WiTHiNGTON, Thomas Ellames, Culcheth Hall, near Warrington. Withy, Henry, West Hartlepool. Witten, Henry, Elm Lodge, Teddington, Middlesex. Witthaus, H. G., 24 Fencluirch Street, E.C. Wolcott, Mrs., iS Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park, W. 576 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Wolff, Lkwis, 167 'I'ulse Hill, S.W. WoLSEY, W. J., Percy Villa, Peckham Road, Camberwell, S.E. Wood, A. A., 74 Cheapside, E.G. \Vooi), Miss C. F., 41 Harley Street, W. Wood, C. Herbert, 138 Stapleton Hall Road, Stroud Green, N. Wood, Charles Joseph, The iJower, 65 Latimer Road, Forest Gate, Essex. Wood, George, 46 Moorgate Street, E.G. Wood, Henry, 12 Eastcheap, E.G. Wood, Henry G. T., 29 Rye Hill Park, Peckham Rye, Surrey. Wood, J.\.mes, 65 Hornsey Park Road, Hornsey, N. \VoOD, James, 15 Finchley Road, Walworth, S.E. Wood, James Greig, i 2 Eastcheap, E.G. Wood, T. M'Kinnon, Brookfield House, Millfield Lane, Highgate Rise, N. Wood, T. P., 27 Leadenhall Street, E.G. Wood and Son, Perth. Woodall, W. O., 1 1 Crescent, Scarborough. Woodcock, Horace, 29 Thome Road, South Lambeth, S.W. WooDD, Arthur B., 34 New Bond Street, W. WoODD, Basil T., Gonyngham Hall, Knares- borough. WooDi), Robert B., Court of Salters' Co., Wood- lands, Hampstead, N.W. Woodford, G. J., Stamp Office, Poole. WooDFORDE, Dr., Oakbank, Spencer's Wood, Reading. WooDG.vi'E, Thomas, 61 Gresham Street, E.G. WooDHAM, S., 5 Philpot Lane, Fenchurch Street, E.G. WooDHKAi), Joseph, Longdenholme, lludders- ficld. WoODHOUsri, Mrs., 37 ^\'arvvick Gardens, Kensing- ton, W. WooDHousF,, Alfred jAin:.s, Helenslea, Child's Hill, N.W. Woodhouse, Reginald Ii.lingwortii, .^rdmore, Bicklcy, Kent. AVoodley, Thos., 54 South Hill Park, Hampstead, N.W. AVoodley, William, 27 While Rock Place, Hastings. WooDROFFK, Mrs., Gharnwood, New ALilden, Surrey. Woodruff, Cumberland H., B.G.L., F.S.A., 5 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.G. Woodruff, W. H., 13 New Burlington Street, AV. Woods, Samuel, South Sea House, Threadneedle Street, E.G. WooDTHORPE, John AVilliam, Leadenhall Build- ings, E.G. AVooDWARD, A. H., Eastgate, Clreenhill Road, Moseley, Birmingham. Woodward, A. J., Kitto Road, St. Catherine's Park, S.E. AVooLBERT, F., 12 Lincoln's Inn Fields, A\'.G. AA^ooLEY, Arthur B., Stowmarket. WooLCOTT, Henry, 62 Hamilton Square, Birken- head. AVoollam, Charles, St. Albans. AVoollan, Miss F., AA'inchester House, Old Broad Street, E.G. AVoollatt, Frederic A., 1 7 Philpot Lane, E.G. WooLLCOMBE, Vice-Adiiiiral H. B., 20 Longridge Road, South Kensington, S.A\'. A\'ooLLEY, Charles Dalton, i Great AA'inchester Street, E.G. Woolley, George, Ludlow. AVoolley, George Henry, Barrow Cliff, Lough- borough. AVoolley, Thomas, 3 Alma Road, Burdett Road, Bow, E. AA'ooTTON, Thomas Christian, Stokeleigh Villa, The Hyde, N.AV. Wormald, Edward, 8 Great Tower Street, E.G. Worms, Baron Ue, Milton Park, Egham. WoRRALL, Mrs., Palace Gardens Mansions, Linden CJardens, A\'. AA'oRRALi., Mrs. Kate, 13 Carlos Street, Grosvcnor Square, A\'. AVooDHOUSE, Robert LLm.l, i Hanover Sciuare, A\'oR-rMAN, V. W. Js. v. B., \'illa Rustcnburg, AV. I Breukeleii, ItoUantl. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS 377 Wren, Walter, L.C.C, Powis Square. West- bourne Park, W. Wrenx, J. H., 31 (heat St. Helen's, E.G. Wrentmore, John H., 29 Bedford Row, W.C. Wright, Alfred, 36 Ladbroke Square, W. Wright, Charl?:s, 5 Copthall Buildings. Wright, Edward Mounsteven, 91 St. James's Road, Brixton, S.W. Wright, Henry T., York Lodge, Kew. Wright, James F., M.A., 3 Upper Merrion Street, Dublin. Wright, John- H., 93 Church Street, Bolton-Ie- Moors. \\'right, Joseph, Summer Hill, Macclesfield. Wright, R. L., i i Giltspur Street, E.C. Wright, Samuel, 300 Pershore Road, Birming- ham. Wright, W. H. K., F.R.Hist..Soc., Free Public Library, Plymouth. AVright, Walter W., 6 Great Winchester Street, E.C. ■\\'rightson and Co., Cooper's Row, Crutched Friars, E.C. Wrottesley, Lord, A\'rottesley, AVolverhampton. Wykes, William, 124 Colmore Row, Birmingham. Wylie, Alex.\nder, Dalton House, Kno.x Road, Forest Gate, E. A\'vnch, Colonel Alex,. 18 Kensington Court, W. Yamakawa, YuKi, 84 Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. Yates, Charles Dickens, 69 Gloucester Crescent, Regent's Park. Yates, Edmund, JVor/d Journal Office, Covent Garden, W.C. Y.\tes, Robert P., Lyndhurst, Gravelly Hill. Birmingham. Yeate-s, Rev. George, Lissan Rectory, Moneyinore. Co. 1 )err)'. YiRREi.i., Thomas, Leighton Buzzard. YoE.MANs, Walter William, 91 Mercers' Road, Tufnell Park, N. Young, Miss, 69 St. James's Road, Brixton, S.W. Young, Edwin, New York. Young, F. J. E., Chairman of Printers' Pension Council, 8 New Street Square, E.C. Young, G. H., 7 Railway Place. Fenchurch Street, E.C. Young, Herbert Charles, Meadow Bank, Beckenham, Kent. Young, Howard, LL.B., 29 I^Lark Lane, E.C. Young, James Campbell, 27 Highbury Grove, N. Young, John, K.S.G., J.P., 47 Mark Lane. Young, Joseph, 52 Long Lane, E.C. Young, Morgan H., 17 Southampton Street, Bloomsbury Square, W.C. Young, Sidney, 15 Ahvyne Road, Canonbury, N. Young, T. Pallister, LL.B., 29 Mark Lane, E.C. Young, Walter Charles, 3 and 4 London Wall Avenue, E.C. Younger, E. G., ^LI)., County Asylum, Hanwell, W. YvoN, Alfred, 494 Brixton Road, S.W. Zaehnsdorf, Joseph, Cambridge Circus, Shaftes- bury Avenue, W.C. 3C By Command Dedicated to ^^ Iler Majesty the Oiiecii. LONDON CITY : Its History— Streets— Traffic— Buildings— People. By W. J. LOFTIE, B.A., F.S.A. Three Hundred Illustrations by VV. 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