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readstuffs 
 
 Latin America. 
 
 A.MF.RICAX RkPUBUCS. 
 
 Bulletin No 35. March 1 
 
LIST OF PREVIOUS BULLETINS. 
 
 1. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. i. 
 
 2. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 2. 
 
 3. Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of America. 
 
 4. Mone}', Weights, and Measures of the American Republics. 
 
 5. Import Duties of Mexico. 
 
 6. Foreign Commerce of the American Republics. 
 
 7. Hand Book of Brazil. 
 
 8. Import Duties of Brazil. 
 
 9. Hand Book of Mexico. 
 
 10. Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico. 
 
 11. Import Duties of Costa Rica. 
 
 12. Import Duties of Santo Domingo. 
 
 13. Commercial Directory of Brazil. 
 
 14. Commercial Directory of Venezuela. 
 
 15. Commercial Directory of Colombia. 
 
 16. Commercial Directory of Peru. 
 
 17. Commercial Directory of Chile. 
 
 18. Commercial Directory of Mexico. 
 
 ig. Commercial Directory of Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uruguay. 
 
 20. Import Duties of Nicaragua. 
 
 21. Import Duties of Mexico. 
 
 22. Import Duties of Bolivia. 
 
 23. Import Duties of Salvador. 
 
 24. Import Duties of Honduras. 
 
 25. Import Duties of Ecuador. 
 
 26. Commercial Directory of Argentine Republic. 
 
 27. Import Duties of Colombia. 
 
 28. Commercial Directory of Central America. 
 
 29. Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo Domingo. 
 
 30. First Annual Report, 1891. 
 
 31. Hand Book of Costa Rica. 
 
 32. Hand Book of Guatemala, 
 
 33. Hand Book of Colombia. 
 
 34. Hand Book of Venezuela. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, U. S. A. 
 Government Printing Office, 
 
Breadstuffs in Latin America. 
 
 (Compiled from official returns to October i, 1891. 
 
 Bureau ok the American Repubi^ics. 
 
 Bulletin No. 35. March, 1892. 
 

 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 NO. 2 LAFAYETTE SQUARE, WASHINGTON, D. C, U. S. A. 
 
 Director. — William E. Curtis. 
 
 Secretary. — Henry L. Bryan. 
 
 Translators. — Portuguese, John C. Redman. 
 
 Spanish, Jose I. Rodriguez. 
 Clerks. — John T Suter. 
 
 Leonard G. Myers. 
 Stenographers. — Imogen A. Hanna. 
 LucRETiA Jackson. 
 Distributing Clerk. — Henrietta P. Dunn. 
 Librarian. — Tillie L. Phillips. 
 Copyist. — Rosabelle S, Rider. 
 
 While the greatest possible care is taken to insure accuracy in tiie publications of the Bureau of the 
 American Republics, it will assume no pecuniary responsibility on account of inaccuracies that may 
 occur therein. 
 
 (2) 
 
Breadstuffs in Latin America. 
 
 In the negotiation of the reciprocity arrangements authorized 
 by the act of the last Congress approved October i, 1890, an 
 effort has been made to secure the free admission of breadstuffs 
 and all farm products of the United States into the other Repub- 
 lics and the colonies of America, or at least to obtain as great a 
 reduction in the duties upon that class of merchandise as is con- 
 sistent with the revenues necessary to sustain the Governments of 
 those Republics and colonies. So far as the negotiations have 
 been completed that effort has been notably successful. 
 
 Under the arrangement between Brazil and the United States 
 domestic breadstuffs from the latter country are now admitted free 
 of all duty into the ports of Brazil. The schedule under the 
 treaty and the former rate under the tariff still imposed upon 
 breadstuffs imported from other nations are shown in the sub- 
 joined table : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Schedule 
 
 under the 
 
 reciprocity 
 
 treaty. 
 
 Former rate of 
 duty under the 
 tariff, expressed 
 in United States 
 equivalents. 
 
 Barley 
 
 Corn 
 
 
 per pound. 
 
 Free.... 
 ..do 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 0.0074 
 0.0037 
 0.03 
 0.03 
 
 Free. 
 
 Corn meal 
 
 
 do 
 
 ..do 
 
 Rye flour 
 
 Wheat 
 
 do. .. . 
 
 ..do 
 
 do 
 
 ..do 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 
 do 
 
 ..do 
 
 0.004 
 0.0037 
 
 Oats 
 
 Ho 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 
 The schedule of duties upon breadstuffs exported from the 
 United States to the Spanish West Indies under the terms of the 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 reciprocity treaty with Spain and the duty formerly imposed 
 upon breadstuffs under the tariff (still in force as to these imports 
 from other nations) are as follows : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Oats, barley, and rye per cwt. 
 
 Corn do . . . 
 
 Wheat, from January i, 1892. . . .do. . . 
 
 Oatmeal do. . . 
 
 Rye flour do. . . 
 
 Barley flour do. . . 
 
 Corn meal . do. . . 
 
 Bran do . . . 
 
 Wheatflour,from January 1, 1892. do. . . 
 
 Bread and crackers, ordinary . . .do. . . 
 Bread and crackers, fine do. . . 
 
 Schedule of 
 
 duties under 
 
 reciprocity treaty 
 
 for Cuba and 
 Puerto Rico, 
 expressed in 
 
 United States 
 equivalents. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Free .... 
 
 105 
 126 
 
 Free 
 Free 
 Free 
 
 o. 105 
 
 o. 42 
 f Atareduc- 
 I tion of duty 
 I of 50 per 
 [cent from 
 [July 1,1892. 
 
 Former rate of 
 
 duty under the 
 
 Cuban tariff, 
 
 expressed in 
 United States 
 
 equivalents. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 0.441 
 0.441 
 1.323 
 1.764 
 0.441 
 
 o. 441 
 
 0.441 
 1.97 
 
 1.323 
 2. 646 
 
 Former rate of 
 duty under the 
 Puerto Rico tar- 
 iff, expressed 
 in United States 
 equivalents. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 o. 336 
 
 0.273 
 
 1.025 
 1.092 
 
 The terms for the admission of breadstuffs into Santo Domingo 
 from the United States under the reciprocity treaty between these 
 countries and the former rate of duty, under the tariff, upon bread- 
 stuffs (still in force as to other countries) are set forth in the table 
 annexed : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Oats per barrel , 
 
 Barley per cwt . 
 
 Rye do. . . 
 
 Maize . . per barrel 
 
 Corn meal do. . 
 
 Rye flour do. . 
 
 Wheat flour do . . 
 
 Schedule under 
 
 the reciprocity 
 
 treaty. 
 
 Free 
 Free 
 Free 
 Free 
 Free 
 Free 
 Free 
 
 Former rate of duty un- 
 der the tariff, expressed 
 in United States equiv- 
 alents, and payable in 
 Mexican dollars, worth 
 in United St tes 
 values 80 cents. 
 
 Valuation. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3. 00 
 12. 00 
 
 4. 00 
 3.00 
 
 4.50 
 5.00 
 
 7. 00 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Per cent. 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 
 I 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 5 
 
 Owing to the lack of detailed statistics it is impossible to ascer- 
 tain or estimate with any degree of accuracy the amount of 
 breadstuffs produced or imported by the Latin-American coun- 
 tries and colonies, but it is conceded that the amount consumed 
 by their aggregate population of fifty millions would be very 
 much larger were it not for the high duties imposed upon such 
 imports in most of them. Chile, Uruguay, and the Argentine 
 Republic are the only countries south of the Gulf of Mexico and 
 the Rio Grande that produce breadstuffs for export, and they have 
 done so only within the last few years. In the other countries 
 the production is limited because of climatic conditions and the 
 fact that other products are found so much more profitable. 
 
 EXPORTS OF BREADSTUFFS TO LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 The value of the exports of breadstuffs from the United States 
 to Latin America for the last ten years has been as follows : 
 
 Mexico; 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 British Honduras 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Corn and 
 cornmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 241,071 
 
 333. 429 
 
 396, 970 
 
 1,411.473 
 I, 379, 805 
 731,995 
 492, 880 
 124,458 
 197,225 
 4S4, 353 
 
 397, 809 
 
 379 
 
 222 
 
 1,677 
 
 664 
 
 944 
 1,056 
 2.558 
 
 984 
 2.570 
 2, 240 
 1,646 
 
 Oats and 
 oatmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 4. 142 
 
 10, 499 
 
 14, 069 
 
 9,974 
 
 3.829 
 
 4, 168 
 
 5. 161 
 16, 833 
 
 3, 226 
 8,769 
 7, 202 
 
 54 
 
 39 
 
 188 
 
 220 
 
 351 
 207 
 282 
 
 133 
 120 
 100 
 133 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 82 
 
 6,669 
 
 1,848 
 
 40 
 
 60 
 
 495 
 30 
 2,967 
 2,428 
 2,279 
 9.507 
 
 338 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 93. 675 
 96, 859 
 176, 560 
 174,027 
 120, 535 
 123, 049 
 142, 378 
 133. 785 
 183,318 
 164, 490 
 203, 792 
 
 82,983 
 
 92, 788 
 
 107, 616 
 
 83, 705 
 62, 014 
 67, 091 
 69, 254 
 52, 803 
 66, 226 
 48, 929 
 76, 629 
 
 Other 
 breadstuffs 
 and food 
 prepara- 
 tions. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 55. 167 
 80, 189 
 99, 456 
 84, 147 
 57. 149 
 44, 904 
 63, 027 
 67, 005 
 79, 885 
 88, 927 
 no, 326 
 
 10, 476 
 10, 243 
 12, 605 
 
 9.447 
 
 8,243 
 
 7,243 
 6,647 
 4,576 
 5.452 
 4,795 
 10, 682 
 
 Total. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 394, 137 
 527, 645 
 688, 903 
 I, 679, 661 
 1.561,378 
 904, 611 
 703, 476 
 345, 048 
 466, 082 
 748, 818 
 728, 636 
 
 93. 892 
 103, 292 
 123,424 
 
 94. 036 
 71,552 
 75. 597 
 78, 741 
 58, 496 
 74, 370 
 56, 064 
 89, 090 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Costa Rica:* 
 1886.... 
 
 1887 .... 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Guatemala:* 
 
 1886 . . . . 
 
 1887 .... 
 
 1888 .... 
 
 1890 . , 
 
 1891 , . 
 Honduras: 
 
 1886.. 
 
 1887 ., 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 1891'. . 
 
 Nicaragua: 
 
 1886 . . 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 1890 
 1891 
 Salvador: 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 1891 . . 
 Colombia: 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 1885 .. 
 1886.. 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 1888 . . 
 
 1889 . 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 1891 .. 
 Venezuela: 
 
 :882 
 :883 
 
 Corn and 
 cornmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 176 
 
 9.380 
 
 10,008 
 
 1,557 
 
 37, 461 
 
 3,593 
 
 80 
 
 5,064 
 
 52, 938 
 
 5,110 
 
 2,665 
 
 136, 302 
 
 4,407 
 2,055 
 1,870 
 1,752 
 2, 768 
 3,221 
 
 2, 136 
 
 4,178 
 4,052 
 2,832 
 2,343 
 7,097 
 
 348 
 311 
 
 1,475 
 173 
 
 1,172 
 
 20, 696 
 
 48, 192 
 
 194, 704 
 
 41, 034 
 
 36, 305 
 
 21, 001 
 15,538 
 18, 222 
 17, 568 
 II, 266 
 
 2,452 
 7,611 
 
 205, 979 
 
 22, 204 
 12,891 
 
 Oats and 
 oatmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1,314 
 
 580 
 
 389 
 155 
 105 
 844 
 
 515 
 53 
 38 
 
 9 
 194 
 
 258 
 
 35 
 69 
 30 
 64 
 215 
 155 
 
 128 
 38 
 17 
 
 127 
 45 
 
 236 
 
 15 
 93 
 30 
 
 19 
 
 522 
 2,285 
 3,085 
 5,498 
 6,727 
 5,521 
 6,459 
 4,241 
 I, 501 
 510 
 911 
 
 1,605 
 1,026 
 1,027 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3,773 
 14, 382 
 32, 098 
 22, 638 
 
 18, 782 
 27, 850 
 
 19, 079 
 19, 425 
 17, 637 
 26, 748 
 26,403 
 30, 802 
 
 19 
 
 50 
 
 70 
 
 1,124 
 
 1.379 
 2,400 
 
 83 
 
 552 
 167 
 
 Wheat flour, 
 
 * 2,169 
 
 11,977 
 
 3,223 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 80, 167 
 102, 100 
 116, 634 
 
 153,787 
 167,051 
 177,681 
 
 134, 738 
 130, 384 
 173, 986 
 195, 172 
 202, 411 
 280, 225 
 
 64,703 
 62, 702 
 69, 235 
 
 66, 032 
 56, 263 
 89, 488 
 
 88, 125 
 
 87,471 
 100, 851 
 119,919 
 115,154 
 153, 244 
 
 146, 453 
 155,538 
 193, 124 
 169, 359 
 208, 313 
 273, 162 
 
 223, 368 
 372, 099 
 306, 740 
 
 294, 806 
 310, 567 
 353,171 
 342, 982 
 326, 688 
 248, 086 
 296, 238 
 
 530, 019 
 
 673, 045 
 589, 007 
 
 Other 
 
 breadstuflfs 
 
 and food 
 
 prepara- 
 
 tiows. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3,510 
 6,953 
 
 13, 298 
 7,581 
 8,669 
 6,803 
 
 5,313 
 5,496 
 
 10, 268 
 11,228 
 
 11, 916 
 17,988 
 
 2, 980 
 2,352 
 
 5,587 
 4.923 
 
 2, 784 ! 
 3,417 ! 
 
 6, 292 
 II, 676 
 
 14, 139 
 13, 652 
 15,681 
 19, 299 
 
 1,956 
 1,344 
 2, 490 
 2,771 
 4,145 
 4,273 
 
 55,282 
 60, 294 
 63, 475 
 71. 786 
 79, 063 
 76, 138 
 82, 620 
 76, 007 
 
 49. 245 
 28, 287 
 32, 172 
 
 104, 342 
 49, 672 
 53,516 
 
 Total. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 88, 940 
 133, 395 
 
 172, 423 
 185,718 
 231, 968 
 216, 771 
 
 159. 725 
 
 160, 422 
 254, 867 
 238, 267 
 243, 589 
 465, 575 
 
 72, 125 
 67, 178 
 76, 722 
 72, 781 
 61, 030 
 96, 281 
 
 96, 700 
 103, 363 
 119,059 
 136, 530 
 133,223 
 179, 876 
 
 148,822 
 157,356 
 198, 243 
 
 173, 682 
 216,029 
 298, 233 
 
 327, 364 
 629, 382 
 
 414, 334 
 
 477, 734 
 401, 597 
 408, 316 
 460, 639 
 440, 798 
 388, 700 
 279, 345 
 336,935 
 
 844, 114 
 
 757, 924 
 659, 664 
 
 ♦Central America not separately stated until 1886. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Venezuela — Cont'd. 
 1884 
 
 1885 . 
 
 1886 , 
 1887. 
 1888 , 
 1889. 
 
 1890 , 
 
 1891 , 
 British Gi 
 
 1881. 
 1882 . 
 1883. 
 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 
 i»a9 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Dutch Guiana: 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 .... 
 1887 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 French Guiana: 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Brazil : 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 Corn and 
 cornmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 I, 190 
 288, 196 
 147, 863 
 
 5,968 
 
 5,444 
 119, 288 
 129, 831 
 141,891 
 
 62, 484 
 
 53, 997 
 68, 750 
 50, 577 
 56, 363 
 39. 287 
 30, 275 
 45, 627 
 34,417 
 34, 960 
 
 54, 733 
 
 332 
 525 
 100 
 202 
 280 
 III 
 97 
 993 
 312 
 248 
 903 
 
 199 
 119 
 
 443 
 205 
 
 314 
 
 697 
 
 1,283 
 
 1,028 
 
 1,799 
 2,695 
 
 273 
 
 172 
 42 
 42 
 
 332 
 
 Oats and 
 oatmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 576 
 559 
 570 
 730 
 783 
 923 
 I, 240 
 3,040 
 
 421 
 013 
 434 
 147 
 
 725 
 138 
 
 055 
 226 
 346 
 843 
 376 
 
 31 
 20 
 30 
 50 
 172 
 48 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 153 
 
 85 
 217 
 268 
 
 163 
 177 
 208 
 147 
 234 
 242 
 442 
 293 
 329 
 337 
 536 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2,080 
 3,700 
 2,077 
 3,042 
 
 2,945 
 5,205 
 
 1,993 
 14,631 
 
 23, 208 
 
 153 
 61, 140 
 
 24, 860 
 4,990 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 518,054 
 616, 348 
 602, 567 
 573,219 
 
 599, 221 
 791,007 
 807, 642 
 066, 605 
 
 619, 852 
 601, 756 
 
 564,487 
 569, 665 
 
 551,055 
 554, 430 
 466, 957 
 609, 487 
 540, 132 
 673, 949 
 704, 264 
 
 51,480 
 96, 149 
 76, 039 
 66, 292 
 
 57, 390 
 63, 634 
 48,315 
 62, 821 
 55,666 
 56, 394 
 71, 749 
 
 13, 912 
 15,624 
 
 12, 722 
 II, 718 
 
 13, 123 
 18, 000 
 18,078 
 27, 058 
 25, 240 
 22, 148 
 21, 296 
 
 4, 392, 900 
 4, 546, 224 
 4,517,030 
 3. 845, 224 
 3, 369, 074 
 2, 674, 327 
 
 Other 
 breadstuffs 
 and food 
 prepara- 
 tions. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 53,781 
 56, 178 
 
 66, 822 
 78, 039 
 53, 114 
 73, 166 
 86, 522 
 
 97, 606 
 
 111,451 
 106, 887 
 
 89, 537 
 
 98, 486 
 34, 604 
 26, 286 
 28,952 
 31,683 
 17, 346 
 10, 300 
 20, 356 
 
 3,609 
 3, 629 
 4,060 
 3,795 
 2,776 
 1,874 
 2, 298 
 
 2,931 
 2,060 
 
 1,905 
 3,008 
 
 2,375 
 
 4,785 
 
 2,415 
 
 90 
 
 198 
 
 870 
 
 1,843 
 2, 521 
 1,342 
 
 5,898 
 4,539 
 
 37, 742 
 44, 001 
 42, 254 
 46, 348 
 
 25,417 
 28, 248 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 575,681 
 964, 981 
 819, 899 
 
 660, 998 
 
 661, 507 
 
 989, 589 
 1,027,228 
 
 1,323,773 
 
 805, 208 
 769, 653 
 727, 208 
 720, 875 
 
 647, 747 
 626, 141 
 
 527, 239 
 691, 023 
 
 594, 241 
 734, 072 
 784, 739 
 
 55,452 
 100, 323 
 80, 229 
 70, 339 
 60, 618 
 65,667 
 50, 710 
 66, 898 
 58,123 
 58, 764 
 75,928 
 
 16,450 
 
 20, 785 
 15.464 
 
 12, 398 
 
 13, 760 
 19, 426 
 
 21, 060 
 31, 155 
 27, 939 
 30, 182 
 29, 066 
 
 4, 454, 123 
 4, 590, 380 
 4, 620, 596 
 3, 891, 630 
 3,419,448 
 2, 707, 948 
 
8 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Brazil — Continued. 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 . 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Uruguay : 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 
 i«90 , 
 
 1891 
 
 Argentine Republic 
 
 1881 , 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 Corn and 
 cornmeal. 
 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 
 1890 
 1891 
 
 Chile: 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 1891 
 
 Bolivia: 
 1888 
 1890 
 1891 
 
 Peru: 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2, 124 
 699 
 
 28,354 
 19, 607 
 
 8,543 
 69 
 
 468 
 9,395 
 
 260 
 
 19 
 
 946 
 
 46 
 
 5 
 
 53 
 
 21 
 
 Oats and 
 oatmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 390 
 295 
 210 
 ID 
 279 
 
 10 
 220 
 
 734 
 
 15 
 
 60 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 45,718 
 
 150 
 
 384, 337 
 
 616, 158 
 
 501, 207 
 
 32, 850 
 
 425 
 
 I, 230 
 
 162, 941 
 647. 587 
 
 72, 995 
 
 I, 220 
 
 71,057 
 
 200 
 
 117,835 
 
 200, 147 
 
 23. 177 
 
 41, 342 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3, 596, 204 
 
 2,778,353 
 3,651, 908 
 3, 304, 990 
 3, 838, 919 
 
 6,159 
 
 28, 380 
 
 59. 954 
 19, 908 
 
 2,455 
 25 
 51 
 
 114, 559 
 54, 147 
 
 5.365 
 
 14, 100 
 
 5 
 
 .740 
 
 1,850 
 
 224 
 
 6,305 
 704 
 
 789 
 1,546 
 
 55, 726 
 
 140 
 
 250 
 
 63 
 
 1,545 
 
 119 
 I, 100 
 
 Other 
 breadstuffs 
 and food 
 prepara- 
 tions. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 33, 707 
 32, 784 
 38, 242 
 32, 891 
 37, 173 
 
 4.386 
 
 1. 431 
 
 2, 207 
 5.625 
 
 281 
 2, 621 
 
 3.197 
 2,033 
 5,758 
 3.729 
 2,368 
 
 389 
 
 379 
 
 967 
 
 909 
 
 1.456 
 
 2,867 
 
 8,756 
 
 4.553 
 
 I, 362 
 
 1.344 
 204 
 
 970 
 121 
 
 137 
 149 
 
 lOI 
 
 226 
 
 27. 794 
 
 1.553 
 
 410 
 
 735 
 19. 367 
 
 27 
 
 Total. 
 
 380 
 490 
 370 
 1,817 
 466 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3, 678, 143 
 
 2,812,281 
 
 4, 103,051 
 
 4, 973. 656 
 4, 386, 121 
 
 43. 464 
 30, 236 
 
 63, 391 
 
 25.533 
 
 2,736 
 
 2,756 
 
 3,248 
 
 2,033 
 
 283,258 
 
 705, 463 
 
 2,368 
 
 78, 749 
 
 379 
 
 15.067 
 
 914 
 
 1,456 
 
 2,867 
 
 9,986 
 
 5,981 
 
 11,491 
 
 72, 401 
 
 204 
 
 3.095 
 121 
 
 137 
 392 
 
 lOI 
 
 364 
 
 34. 330 
 
 120, 109 
 
 201, 346 
 
 25.458 
 117,441 
 
 27 
 
 140 
 
 630 
 
 599 
 I, 920 
 
 1,989 
 1,600 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Peru — Continued. 
 
 1887 , 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 , 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Ecuador: 
 
 is»9 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 All other countries 
 and ports of South 
 America: 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 British West Indies: 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Dutch West Indies: 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 French West Indies: 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 i888 
 
 Corn and 
 corn meal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 173 
 
 3,500 
 
 766, 218 
 555.024 
 510, 922 
 462, 669 
 514.546 
 502, 548 
 372, 372 
 418, 791 
 489, 712 
 459, 726 
 717.851 
 
 174,605 
 153,402 
 100, 730 
 00, 923 
 148, 007 
 105, 678 
 
 57, 936 
 
 58, 580 
 99, 996 
 90, 373 
 71,597 
 
 45,023 
 33,852 
 
 49, 894 
 37.917 
 
 50, 043 
 31.158 
 
 35. 703 
 
 36, 022 
 
 Oats and 
 oatmeal. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 13 
 
 72, 545 
 62, 707 
 53,004 
 60, 520 
 55,225 
 67, 223 
 60, 408 
 52, 045 
 60, 322 
 loi, 599 
 103, 571 
 
 968 
 
 769 
 788 
 501 
 596 
 749 
 262 
 
 475 
 
 283 
 
 137 
 466 
 
 5.421 
 4.528 
 3.741 
 2, 249 
 1,490 
 834 
 1,390 
 1,887 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 80, 542 
 41, 010 
 
 77. 225 
 
 58, 801 
 
 18 
 
 508 
 
 154 
 
 318 
 338 
 119 
 168 
 1.095 
 2,287 
 709 
 
 997 
 
 125.954 
 
 157 
 163 
 
 97 
 
 32 
 25 
 
 26, 899 
 32, 798 
 45. 642 
 43. 194 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 31 I 
 I, 840 i 
 
 24. 137 ! 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 34. 460 
 
 2,984 
 
 652 
 
 658 
 
 8,649 
 
 24. 743 
 
 28, 604 
 
 63. 578 
 
 130, 573 
 
 157,092 
 
 656 
 2,478 
 
 829 
 6,997 
 
 2, 563, 776 
 2, 390, 158 
 2, 100, 852 
 2, 105, 233 
 1,865,216 
 2, 030, 491 
 I, 702, 990 
 
 1. 939. 989 
 
 2, 083, 433 
 
 1, 945. 265 
 
 2, 496, 241 
 
 176, 269 
 176, 594 
 124, 365 
 131,911 
 126, 200 
 119,769 
 95. 460 
 104, 003 
 
 136, 529 
 99,212 
 
 111,173 
 
 540, 275 
 560, 118 
 531,618 
 462, 482 
 478,412 
 483, 488 
 411,322 
 425,655 
 
 Other 
 breadstuffs 
 and food 
 prepara- 
 tions. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1,324 
 2, 290 
 
 1, 136 
 843 
 
 2,656 
 
 29, 623 
 3.693 
 
 2, 691 
 4,119 
 2, 017 
 
 I. 165 
 
 4, 106 
 
 770 
 
 4.551 
 
 423. 322 
 417. 747 
 373.971 
 312, 632 
 
 285, 494 
 335, 600 
 288,675 
 303, 672 
 366, 983 
 364, 113 
 443. 558 
 
 45. 984 
 40, 359 
 35.737 
 25, 021 
 
 23. 535 
 21,713 
 17.405 
 15.970 
 25. 874 
 22, 115 
 
 24. 554 
 
 67,813 
 57, 538 
 54, 728 
 44. 697 
 65, 610 
 67, 388 
 47. 384 
 53. 830 
 
 Total. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 116, 499 
 46, 284 
 
 1,788 
 78, 726 
 70, 106 
 
 54, 366 
 
 32, 297 
 
 66, 269 
 
 134, 692 
 
 159, 109 
 
 5,321 
 
 6,584 
 
 1,599 
 
 11,566 
 
 3, 826, 369 
 3, 428, 790 
 3,041,067 
 2, 942, 392 
 2, 721, 600 
 2, 938, 030 
 2,425,540 
 
 2, 716, 784 
 
 3, 001, 159 
 2, 871, 700 
 3,887,175 
 
 397, 826 
 372,281 
 
 261, 783 
 238, 356 
 298, 338 
 248, 006 
 171,063 
 179,028 
 
 262, 714 
 211, 837 
 207, 815 
 
 685,431 
 
 688, 834 
 685,623 
 590. 539 
 595,555 
 582, 899 
 
 497, 639 
 541.531 
 
lO 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 French West Indies — 
 Continued. 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Danish West Indies: 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Spanish West Indies: 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Haiti: 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Santo Domingo: 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 , 
 
 Com and 
 cornmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 38, 361 
 37.609 
 48, 966 
 
 90, 291 
 94, 936 
 83, 880 
 72, 666 
 70, 199 
 64, 427 
 59, 888 
 
 64, 943 
 57.316 
 
 53, 581 
 66, 579 
 
 164, 744 
 363, 691 
 231, 963 
 128, 805 
 
 83, 066 
 121, 282 
 214, 656 
 104, 469 
 
 98, 144 
 308, 342 
 254, 575 
 
 4,465 
 4,352 
 4, 339 
 1,856 
 1,849 
 
 810 
 I, 165 
 
 327 
 1,338 
 4, 622 
 5,509 
 
 908 
 
 643 
 
 222 
 1,188 
 
 685 
 1,343 
 
 908 
 
 1,257 
 I, 261 
 
 1, 690 
 
 2, 152 
 
 Oats and 
 oatmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1,847 
 8,197 
 1,114 
 
 633 
 1,431 
 I, 262 
 
 882 
 268 
 
 525 
 492 
 290 
 
 879 
 862 
 436 
 
 13,452 
 
 17, 691 
 24, 791 
 10, 277 
 
 3,909 
 7,763 
 15, 236 
 8,305 
 8,221 
 
 18, 688 
 12,585 
 
 2,277 
 
 1,757 
 
 1,469 
 
 1,119 
 
 562 
 
 867 
 
 355 
 
 572 
 
 1,599 
 2,988 
 
 5,396 
 
 96 
 222 
 
 239 
 184 
 230 
 241 
 278 
 361 
 496 
 559 
 754 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 21,752 
 
 31,887 
 11,366 
 
 22 
 
 36, 262 
 
 62, 371 
 
 5,069 
 
 786 
 
 121 
 
 185 
 
 168 
 
 35 
 I, 246 
 
 23 
 
 3,947 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 536,012 
 495,421 
 
 556, 807 
 
 185,870 
 173,440 
 171, 159 
 152, 544 
 139, 632 
 143, 894 
 
 136, 600 
 132, 647 
 131,910 
 
 137, 128 
 124, 231 
 
 733, 
 654, 
 
 1,745. 
 
 I, 245. 
 
 I, 309. 
 
 I, 468, 
 
 1,469. 
 I, 846, 
 1,828, 
 I, 864, 
 I, 260, 
 
 I, 029, 357 
 626. 880 
 547, 770 
 403, 208 
 448, 703 
 485, 156 
 374. 893 
 615,435 
 787,919 
 777, 974 
 
 I, 180, 871 
 
 132,085 
 135.013 
 155. 763 
 177,414 
 
 148, 069 
 
 193. 543 
 143, 689 
 135.285 
 202, 678 
 
 149, 260 
 206, 239 
 
 Other 
 breadstuffs 
 and food 
 prepara- 
 tions. 
 
 486 
 
 593 
 360 
 342 
 364 
 088 
 685 
 419 
 704 
 054 
 714 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 49, 857 
 49, 109 
 
 55, 570 
 
 29, 252 
 
 28, 989 
 
 31,907 
 
 17, 162 
 15,176 
 
 12, 867 
 15,426 
 12,082 
 
 13, 140 
 14, 103 
 17,852 
 
 267, 174 
 
 307, 496 
 
 377, 334 
 
 92, 164 
 
 74, 659 
 83, 714 
 79, 680 
 68, 581 
 
 74. 725 
 100, 044 
 
 95.957 
 
 37. 180 
 28, 213 
 
 14, 755 
 9, 406 
 
 11.537 
 12, 108 
 
 11.593 
 
 18. 795 
 28, 038 
 34, 647 
 31, 895 
 
 10, 894 
 
 12, 097 
 
 18, 225 
 
 14, 501 
 
 11,833 
 
 8,946 
 
 8,055 
 
 6,725 
 
 7,747 
 
 11,472 
 
 12,856 
 
 ToUl. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 647, 829 
 622, 223 
 673, 823 
 
 310, 859 
 298, 804 
 288, 208 
 
 243, 254 
 225, 284 
 
 221, 715 
 212, 408 
 209, 964 
 
 203, 247 
 205, 674 
 209, 102 
 
 I, 178,878 
 
 1, 379, 733 
 
 2, 441, 819 
 1,481.657 
 I. 471. 784 
 I, 680, 968 
 
 1, 779, 442 
 
 2, 027, 942 
 2, 009, 829 
 2, 292, 374 
 1,623,854 
 
 1,073,279 
 661, 202 
 568, 333 
 415.589 
 462, 651 
 502, 888 
 388, 006 
 635, 129 
 818, 894 
 820, 231 
 
 I, 223,671 
 
 143, 983 
 147, 975 
 174,449 
 193, 287 
 160, 817 
 
 204, 075 
 152, 930 
 
 143, 633 
 212, 182 
 162, 981 
 
 222, 001 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 1 1 
 
 The capacity of the several Latin-American countries for the 
 production of breadstufFs and the extent to which they derive their 
 supply of cereal products from the United States are hereinafter 
 set forth in detail. 
 
 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 
 
 The history of cereal agriculture in the Argentine Republic 
 and of its wonderful development presents a study of great interest. 
 It has for sometime been the aim of that country to successfully 
 compete with the United States in the supplying of food products 
 to the markets of Europe and America. 
 
 Notwithstanding the difficulties encountered in the shape of 
 political changes, lack of immigration, financial embarrassment^ 
 and the greater attraction offered by the lucrative and less labo- 
 rious occupation of stock raising, agriculture has already made 
 gigantic strides in the Argentine. With a soil of excessive fer- 
 tility, hardly to be surpassed anywhere, and a climate and physical 
 condition highly favorable to agricultural production, still more 
 rapid development is to be expected. The cultivation of the soil 
 was an occupation of the Indians before the discovery and con- 
 quest of these countries, and fertilization and irrigation were 
 understood and applied by them in this pursuit. One of the 
 chief products of the country was maize or Indian corn. Wheat,, 
 oats, rye, barley, and other cereals introduced from Europe by the 
 conquerors grew bountifully in this new land. 
 
 While the agricultural methods are still primitive in some parts 
 of the country, modern appliances are largely used near the rail- 
 ways and cities. The great want, however, is a population to till 
 the soil. This necessity can only be supplied by increased immi- 
 gration, as the natives and Spaniards are not inclined to agriculture. 
 
 In 1875 the total amount of land under cultivation in the 
 entire Republic was only 825,492 acres, and in 1888 the official 
 figures give the amount at 2,359,958 hectares, about equal to 
 
12 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 5,899,895 acres. This, however, is less than 1 per cent of the 
 715,210,080 acres included in the total area of the country. 
 
 Wheat, maize, barley, rye, and oats may be grown in all depart- 
 ments of the Republic from Patagonia to Bolivia, and from the 
 Andes to La Plata ; and while all this extent of territory may not, 
 from lack of rain and facilities for irrigation or from saline properties 
 in the soil, be suitable for cereal cultivation, the portions not adapted 
 for agriculture are comparatively insignificant. 
 
 Wheat is generally sown from June to August, and harvested 
 in November. The planting of maize takes place from September 
 to January, and may be readily followed by a second crop. 
 
 The increase progressively in the wheat and corn acreage since 
 1875 was as follows (the acreage of 1889, ^^ estimate only, is 
 considered too moderate in view of the increase in immigration): 
 
 Crop. 
 
 1875. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1889. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Acres. 
 271,436 
 249. 356 
 
 A cres. 
 
 686,000 
 
 330,000 
 
 A cres. 
 824, 099 
 832,609 
 
 Acres. 
 1,035,000 
 850,000 
 
 Corn 
 
 
 The acreage of 1890, it is claimed, is for wheat, 3,306,322 acres, 
 and for maize, 1,685,290 acres. Should these figures prove cor- 
 rect, the increase over 1889 would be marvelous. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Before 1870 La Plata imported wheat for its consumption; 
 from 1870 to 1878 its production was sufficient for the home 
 demand and since then the cultivation of the cereals, due to Euro- 
 pean immigration, has increased continuously. The surplus above 
 its own requirements grew from 200 tons in 1877 to 100,000 tons 
 in 1 885. The cultivation of maize developed likewise with great 
 rapidity. From 1877 to 1886 its exports increased from 10,000 
 tons to 230,000 tons. 
 
 A comparative statement from official sources of the flour, wheat 
 and maize exports of 1881 and 1890 shows a wonderful increase : 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 13 
 
 Years. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Flour. 
 
 Maize. 
 
 1890 - 
 
 Tons. 
 326, 186 
 1,166 
 
 Tons. 
 13,018 
 1,286 
 
 11,732 
 
 Tons. 
 707, 282 
 
 1881 
 
 
 25,052 
 
 
 325, 020 
 
 682, 230 
 
 
 
 In 1888 the land under cultivation was greater than ever before, 
 and the harvest gave hopeful promise ; but a series of heavy rains 
 caused almost a total failure in the crops, with the exception of 
 corn, and the export of wheat decreased largely. 
 
 An estimate of the acreage of the crops and probable yield in 
 1890-91 shows the following result: 
 
 Crop. 
 
 Land culti- 
 vated. 
 
 Probable 
 
 yield. 
 
 Available for 
 export. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 A cres. 
 
 3. 306, 332 
 
 I, 685, 290 
 71,662 
 
 Tons^ 
 900, 000 
 1,000,000 
 
 Tons. 
 390, 000 
 500, 000 
 
 Maize 
 
 Oats 
 
 
 
 
 
 The condition of agriculture in Argentine is best indicated by 
 its commerce in these products. 
 
 FOREIGN TRADE IN BREADSTUFFS. 
 
 The foreign trade in breadstuffs for twelve years, 1870 to i88i» 
 is shown in the subjoined tables : 
 
 1870 . 
 
 1871 . 
 
 1872 . 
 
 1873 . 
 
 1874 . 
 
 1875 • 
 
 1876 . 
 
 1877 . 
 
 1878 . 
 
 1879 • 
 1880* 
 
 Year. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Tons. 
 3,903 
 1,524 
 1,424 
 
 1,054 
 
 2,550 
 
 4,847 
 
 335 
 
 600 
 
 9 
 6 
 
 18,581 
 
 11,478 
 
 Flour. 
 
 Indi 
 
 Tons. 
 5,726 
 5,681 
 2, 140 
 1,017 
 
 7,417 
 
 16, 922 
 
 3,129 
 
 127 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 1,116 
 I, 142 
 
 Tons. 
 
 60 
 60 
 14 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 17 
 4 
 
 357 
 
 20 
 
 199 
 
 2,547 
 
 25, 669 
 
 1,665 
 
 157 
 
 Flour. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Indian 
 corn. 
 
 16 
 
 205 
 
 121 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 353 
 
 218 
 
 2,918 
 
 I, 603 
 
 1,423 
 
 1,287 
 
 * There was a failure of the wheat crop in 1880 and a partial failure in 1881 
 
 Tons. 
 
 1,646 
 
 3,862 
 
 222 
 
 8,058 
 
 9,817 
 
 17,064 
 
 29, 521 
 
 15,032 
 
 25,052 
 
H 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Omitting the two years in which the wheat crop failed, this 
 table in the decreased imports and increased exports shows con- 
 vincingly the enormous growth of cereal cultivation in this coun- 
 try, and a comparison with exports from 1883 to 1890 again 
 exhibits an astonishing increase. 
 
 Export of cereals 1883 to 1887. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 i 108, 499 
 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 P lour. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 60, 754 
 
 4,844 
 
 1 108, 499 
 
 3, 743 
 
 1 78, 493 
 
 7,447 I 
 
 37, 864 
 
 5,262 
 
 237, 865 
 
 5,386 
 
 Maize. 
 
 Ions. 
 
 18,634 
 113, 710 
 197,859 
 231, 660 
 361,456 
 
 Cereal exports. 
 
 
 1888. 1 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 Crop. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Tons. 
 178,928 
 162, 037 
 
 6,392 
 
 Value. Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 I, 596, 446 
 12, 977, 720 
 510,853 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Tons. 
 327, 894 
 707, 282 
 
 12,018 
 
 V^alue 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Dollars. 
 8, 248, 614 
 5, 444, 464 
 639, 254 
 
 Tons. 
 22,806 
 432, 590 
 3,360 
 
 Dollars. 
 9, 836, 824 
 14, 145, 639 
 600, 894 
 
 Maize 
 
 Flour 
 
 
 The exports of other breadstufFs in 1888 were bran, $33,132, 
 and barley, $6,596, and these exports in 1889 were as follows: 
 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bran 
 
 Dollars. 
 69, 083 
 7,818 
 19, 567 
 
 Dollars. 
 28, 337 
 13,871 
 8,476 
 
 Barley 
 
 Biscuits and crackers 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 15 
 
 DESTINATION OF EXPORTS. 
 
 By the following tables the destination of the exports of wheat, 
 flour, and maize in 1889 are shown : 
 
 Country. 
 
 WHEAT 
 
 German)'" 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Spain 
 
 France 
 
 Italy 
 
 Paraguay 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Not designated 
 
 Total 
 
 MAIZE. 
 
 South Africa 
 
 Germany 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Chili , 
 
 Spain 
 
 France 
 
 Italy 
 
 Holland 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Not designated 
 
 Total 
 
 FLOUR. 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Bolivia 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Spain 
 
 France 
 
 Italy 
 
 Paraguay 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 All others 
 
 Total 
 
 Quantity. Value. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 637 
 
 44,638 
 
 2, 708 
 
 189, 607 
 
 4,209 
 
 294, 685 
 
 415 
 
 29, 089 
 
 685 
 
 47. 963 
 
 508 
 
 35,572 
 
 4.685 
 
 327, 969 
 
 3.500 
 
 245. 209 
 
 4.877 
 
 341. 445 
 
 582 
 
 40, 269 
 
 22, 806 
 
 810 
 19. 778 
 
 21, 268 
 
 99, 967 
 
 583 
 13, 962 
 
 71.583 
 
 27, 860 
 
 2,294 
 
 1,841 
 
 [61, III 
 
 537 
 10, 996 
 
 432,590 
 
 99 
 
 7 
 
 678 
 
 21 
 272 
 
 32 
 619 
 
 28 
 569 
 
 35 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 I, 596, 446 
 
 24, 329 
 
 593, 352 
 
 638,049 
 
 2, 999, 028 
 
 17.514 
 
 418,888 
 
 2, 147, 509 
 
 835, 800 
 
 68, 844 
 
 55,247 
 
 4, 863, 347 
 
 16, 125 
 
 299, 688 
 
 [2, 977, 720 
 
 15,097 
 
 I, 160 
 
 103, 088 
 
 3,213 
 41,482 
 
 4,949 
 
 94, 225 
 
 4.316 
 
 238, 565 
 4,758 
 
 3,360 i 510,853 
 
i6 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 In the city of Buenos Aires alone there are twenty-three steam 
 flour mills, most of them with all the modern and improved 
 machinery, and five establishments manufacture crackers of an 
 excellent quality. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The breadstuff exports from the United States to the Argentine 
 in 1889, 1890, and 1891 were as follows: 
 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 1891. 
 
 1 
 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit... . 
 
 .pounds 
 .bushels 
 ...do.... 
 ...do.... 
 
 5,082 
 
 17,411 
 1,786 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 410 
 
 9.395 
 
 734 
 
 6, 460 
 
 Dollars. 
 521 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Corn 
 
 
 
 Oats 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wheat 
 
 76,005 
 
 71,057 
 823 
 
 
 
 All other breadstuflfs . 
 
 
 
 952 
 
 
 
 204 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 11,491 
 
 
 
 72, 401 
 
 
 204 
 
 
 
 BOLIVIA. 
 
 While the territory on the western mountains of Bolivia and on 
 the pampas is either barren or poor, the elevated lands in the 
 center are productive and the valleys and lowlands in the east are 
 of unsurpassed fertility. 
 
 The table-lands of the departments of Cochabamba and Chu- 
 quisaca are great cereal-growing regions and produce corn and 
 wheat in quantities. Barley is generally grown in this section, and 
 maize is also raised in the lowlands of the east. 
 
 Cochabamba until within a few years furnished sufficient flour 
 for the consumption of the country. Notwithstanding the fer- 
 tile lands of eastern Bolivia, the rude system of cultivation made 
 use of will preclude for some time any increase in the agricultural 
 production of this Republic. 
 
 No agricultural statistics seem to have been officially collated. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. I7 
 
 and it is impossible to find any mention of the extent of surface 
 devoted to the growth of cereals or the amount harvested. 
 
 The present exports of flour from the United States to Bolivia, 
 are inconsiderable, not exceeding $150 in any one year. 
 
 BRAZIL. 
 
 The great extent and varying altitude of Brazil allow the cul- 
 tivation of nearly all the products of the tropical and temperate 
 zones in some part of its vast territory. While the methods of 
 cultivation have not attained to the perfection of Europe and 
 North America, great strides have been taken in late years toward 
 this goal in southern Brazil, and each year the improvement 
 becomes more marked. 
 
 There are districts where the cultivation of all the cereals can 
 be successfully accomplished, but other agricultural industries 
 have caused some of them to be neglected. 
 
 Indian corn, one of the chief crops, is grown with good results 
 in nearly every state of the country. The states of Sao Paulo 
 and Minas Geraes produce it most extensively. Partly by reason 
 of the lack of cheap communication with the interior the demand 
 is greater than the home supply, and the seaboard cities usually 
 require the import of corn or corn meal to a small extent. There 
 appears to be no export of this product, 
 
 Mandioca, a plant indigenous to Brazil, which is said to have 
 been cultivated by the natives before the colonization of the coun- 
 try by Europeans, grows abundantly in all parts of the territory 
 Among its uses, the root is made into the farinha, a coarse meal, 
 which is everywhere a substitute for wheat flour, although pos- 
 sessing much less nutritive qualities. About twenty million 
 pounds of this meal are received at Rio alone. The State of 
 Santa Catharina excels in the production of the flour of manioc, 
 the yield being not only sufficient for its consumption but for ex- 
 port to othei States, and the supply of Rio is almost entirely drawn 
 
 Bull. 35 2 
 
i8 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 from this source. The export of this flour for four years is stated 
 below : 
 
 Years. 
 
 1883-84 
 1884-85 
 1885-86 
 1886-87 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 2, 605, 804 
 
 3, 092, 505 
 3, 216, 500 
 5,011,680 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 46, 869 
 65, 566 
 59.917 
 
 70, 553 
 
 CULTIVATION OF WHEAT IN BRAZIL- 
 
 The cultivation of wheat in many of the provinces of Southern 
 Brazil was as early as 1805 quite an important industry, and in 
 the elevated regions of the Espirito Santo, and Bahia in the 
 north, it was successfully grown. In the present State of Rio 
 Grande do Sul it was produced quite extensively and exported 
 until about 1820, although the country was then sparsely settled. 
 A general failure of crops for two or three years caused the 
 abandonment of its cultivation. It is claimed that the soil gener- 
 ally of this State is adapted to wheat growing. 
 
 The wheat production of this region from 1805 to 1820, is in- 
 dicated in the subjoined table extracted from a work written in 
 1822 by Jose Gon^alves Chaves: 
 
 Year. 
 
 1805 
 1806 
 1807 
 1808 
 1809 
 1810 
 1811 
 1812 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Bushels. 
 136, 825 
 87.755 
 140, 338 
 257, 308 
 154.038 
 190. 545 
 205, 534 
 213,928 
 
 Year. 
 
 1813 
 1814 
 1815 
 1816 
 1817 
 1818 
 1819 
 1820 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Bushels. 
 341,087 
 270, 259 
 288,447 
 279, 621 
 133. 359 
 76, 395 
 121, 542 
 109, 608 
 
 In the Northern States of Brazil lack of communication, and 
 the secca or drought which occurs, are hindrances to agricultural 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. IQ 
 
 developments. In the Amazon valley the culture of the bread- 
 stuffs of the temperate zones does not succeed. Wheat, barley, 
 oats, and rye have a rank growth, but produce no grain. Indian 
 corn grows abundantly, but it is used for food only in times of 
 scarcity by reason of its heating qualities. 
 
 While wheat has been grown experimentally as far north as 
 Pernambuco, its profitable cultivation seems to be confined to the 
 States of Rio Grande do Sul, Parana, and Santa Catarina, and 
 perhaps Sao Paulo and Minas Geraes, where it is stated there is 
 good wheat land. The probabilities are that only a comparatively 
 small area of this great country is adapted to the growth of this 
 product. 
 
 The raising of wheat, laid aside or neglected for more produc- 
 tive cultivation, it is claimed will in a few years increase rapidly. 
 The Government has offered bounties for agricultural products, 
 and to-day the State of Rio Grande do Sul raises sufficient of this 
 grain to supply half of its consumption. Agriculture in this State 
 is followed chiefly by the Italian and German immigrants. Four 
 colonies of Italians, located northwest of Porto Alegre, raised, in 
 1884, 12,432,400 pounds of wheat, and they now grow sufficient 
 to supply the demands of a population of 75,000. Their distance 
 from the markets and the lack of flour mills, only one of which 
 exists in the State, retard the immediate development of wheat 
 cultivation. The success of wheat raising in Uruguay and the 
 large importations of flour from Montevideo have turned attention 
 to this industry in this State, where the soil and climate are similar. 
 
 Until within a few years milling was scarcely known in Brazil, 
 there being only mills of small account in Rio Grande do Sul and 
 other provinces for grinding corn and rye. 
 
 Two milling companies, one Brazilian and one English, have 
 recently been established at Rio Janeiro. These companies im- 
 port wheat from the River Plate, the United States, Europe, and 
 elsewhere, and supply 40 per cent of the flour consumed at Rio. 
 
20 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 IMPORTS OF FLOUR. 
 
 The importations of flour into Rio in 1888 and 1889 were as 
 follows: 
 
 Countries. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1889. 
 
 United States 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 266, 683 
 31.648 
 90.533. 
 250 
 
 Barrels. 
 342, 741 
 
 Trieste 
 
 32, 642 
 
 River Plate . . . . . 
 
 
 
 
 Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 2, 450 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 389, 114 
 
 377. 833 
 
 
 
 Notwithstanding the increased consumption of 1889 the impor- 
 tation was 1 1,281 barrels less than the previous year. The Eng- 
 lish company imported 40,898 J tons of wheat in the grain and 
 placed on the market 205,665 barrels of flour, while the produc- 
 tion of the Brazilian company was 29,681 barrels and 417,031 
 bags of various weight. The output of these mills for 1890 was 
 stated to be 325,314 and 216,830 barrels, respectively. 
 
 The United States consul at Rio Grande do Sul states that in 
 1888 the flour imports of that port from the United States 
 declined over 3,306,000 pounds compared with 1887, and that 
 the importations of this article from Austria, Chile, Argentine, and 
 Uruguay, also fell away, dufe, it is supposed, to the importation 
 of wheat which was ground at the Rio flour mills. 
 
 The receipts of wheat flour at Rio de Janeiro for four years 
 from the United States and the River Plate were : 
 
 Year. 
 
 River Plate. 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 
 Barrels. 
 70, 101 
 
 63, 871 
 88, 280 
 
 Barrels. 
 307, 625 
 328, 804 
 267, 658 
 344, 108 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 21 
 
 A partial failure of the Argentine wheat crop accounts for the 
 lack of importation of flour from that country in 1889, and the 
 increase in the United States imports, but the added importations 
 from the two countries in 1889 ^^^^ below those of 1888. 
 
 At Pelotas, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, there is also a 
 flour mill for which wheat is imported. Its first consignment of 
 American wheat was received in October, 1889, consisting of 
 1 1 ,600 bushels. 
 
 IMPORTS OF WHEAT. 
 
 At the port of Rio de Janeiro in 1 888 the importations of wheat 
 were 29,041,145 pounds; value $287,698, and of wheat flour 
 73,385,402 pounds, amounting to $1,938,658. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 In 1889, 1890, and 1891 the United States supplied bread- 
 stuffs to Brazil as follows: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit, pounds. 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrrels . . 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Wheat bushels. . 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 149, 764 
 
 51,152 
 
 869 
 
 475 
 
 415. 507 
 
 678,972 
 
 Dollars. 
 11,968 
 
 25, 783 
 2,571 
 
 210 
 
 384, 337 
 3,651,908 
 
 26, 274 
 
 122,327 
 
 38, 985 
 
 179 
 
 35 
 
 I, 768, 234 
 
 687, 342 
 
 Dollars. 
 8,051 
 19,094 
 
 513 
 
 10 
 
 1,616, 158 
 
 3, 304, 900 
 24, 840 
 
 180, 310 
 
 10, 341 
 
 23 
 
 449 
 
 580, 127 
 
 722, 379 
 
 Dollars. 
 9.796 
 8,451 
 92 
 
 279 
 501, 207 
 
 3,838,919 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 4, 103, 051 
 
 4. 973, 656 
 
 4, 386, 121 
 
 
 
 
 CHILE. 
 
 The agricultural zone of Chile extends from the island of 
 Chiloe north through the great central valley ; the soil is generally- 
 good and well watered, and often prodigiously fertile, and the cli- 
 mate genial with abundant rains as the latitude increases. All cli- 
 matic conditions exist in this country. Irrigation is necessary in 
 most of the coast districts, and their methods in this respect are 
 
22 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 fairly skillful. A lack of rain in the extreme north and an excess 
 of moisture and rainfall in the south are hindrances to the culti- 
 vation of those regions. This agricultural section contains about 
 43,417,600 acres, or about 23 per cent of the Republic. 
 
 The soil is here so extremely fertile that agriculture is very 
 profitable; the wheat yields are generally enormous, and corn 
 and barley are among the other principal products. Rye and oats 
 may be successfully cultivated, but very little of them is grown. 
 
 The system of cultivation was until recently quite rude, and 
 even now the improved methods of modern farming are little used 
 except on the large estates or on the coast. 
 
 The land has hitherto been generally owned in large holdings, 
 but the abolition of the law of primogeniture has greatly increased 
 the number of the smaller farms. 
 
 According to the census of 1875 there were produced in Chile 
 12,628,847 bushels of wheat, 2,841,150 of barley and 4,854,21 1 
 of corn; the harvest of rye was 1 1,783 bushels. This was in the 
 year 1874, and an official estimate (1890) gives the present an- 
 nual production at 10,000,000 hectoliters (about 28,379,000 
 bushels) of wheat, and 3,000,000 hectoliters (or 8,513,700 bushels) 
 of all other cereals. There are a number of flour mills in Chile, 
 and their production has not only supplied the requirements of 
 the country, but enabled it at one time to export considerable 
 quantities made from wheat grown there. A failure to adopt the 
 improved methods of flour milling, with other causes, has lead to 
 a decrease in the output of this industry. The National Society of 
 Agriculture states the flour exports for five years, frofn 1 864 to 1 868, 
 to be 2,009,845 quintals, and for the five years, 1884 to 1888, to 
 have amounted only to 253,891 quintals, equivalent to 2,260,685 
 barrels and 285,576 barrels respectively. 
 
 EXPORTS OF BREADSTUFFS. 
 
 Chile at one time exported grain to California, and was a con- 
 siderable exporter of this article to other countries. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 2^ 
 
 In 1880 its exports of wheat to France were in value $2, 1 26,000, 
 and it exported to Great Britain as follows : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Wheat meal and flour 
 
 $3, 760, 000 
 112,000 
 247,000 
 
 $3, 575, 000 
 491, 000 
 311, OOt) 
 
 The statistics of Great Britain give its imports of breadstufFs 
 from Chile for five years, 1885 to 1889, as below. 
 
 Ypar 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Wheat meal and flour. 
 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1885 
 
 Cwts. 
 I, 622, 852 
 
 1, 701, 695 
 
 2, 206, 272 
 1,485,861 
 
 572,953 
 
 Dollars. 
 3. 109, 543 
 
 3, 102, 442 
 
 4, 070, 968 
 2,777,287 
 I, 100, 389 
 
 Cwts. 
 152,583 
 165, 338 
 
 73,081 
 326, 792 
 297,051 
 
 Dollars. 
 273, 682 
 295, 625 
 132, 340 
 569, 381 
 501,415 
 
 Cwts. 
 13 
 3.822 
 3.500 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 39 
 8, 103 
 9.368 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 
 
 Chile's commerce in breadstufFs for the years 1888 and 1889 is 
 indicated In the table annexed. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Barley (pearl). 
 Crackers (fine) 
 Corn meal . . . 
 
 Oatmeal 
 
 Wheat 
 
 1888. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Pounds. 
 35.871 
 38, 150 
 13, 227 
 
 35.435 
 3,480 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Barley. . . , 
 
 Flour (superfine) 
 
 Maize 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars, 
 
 1.939 
 
 8,691 
 
 900 
 
 2,437 
 79 
 
 1889. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Pounds. 
 44, 626 
 77. 846 
 17,403 
 37,800 
 3, 562, 980 
 
 53, 484. 718 
 
 773, 477 
 
 0, 950, 
 
 118 
 
 235, 496 
 
 90, 
 
 763 
 
 1.234 
 
 204, 775, 
 
 256 
 
 4. 548, 729 
 
 15,315,453 
 
 6, 923, 490 
 
 258,655 
 
 109, 559, 640 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 17,710 
 
 I. 341 
 
 2,601 
 
 130, 366 
 
 236, 199 
 
 282, 639 
 
 4,692 
 
 2,915.215 
 
24 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 The wheat imported in 1889 ^^^^ ^rom the United States. 
 The exportation of barley was almost entirely to Great Britain, 
 of flour principally to South America, and of wheat to Great Britain 
 and South America. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 BreadstufFs were imported into Chile from the United States 
 in the fiscal years 1889, 1890, and 1891 as follows: 
 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Barley 
 
 .bushels. • 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 25, 288 
 6, 650 
 
 1.073 
 1, 100 
 
 45. 134 
 II, 607 
 
 Dollars. 
 18,607 
 
 331 
 
 946 
 
 60 
 
 Bread and biscuit . • . 
 Corn 
 
 .pounds. . 
 .bushels. . 
 
 I, 500 
 
 165 
 
 I, 500 
 
 75 
 
 Oatmeal 
 
 .pounds. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 All other breadstufFs 
 
 • bushels. . 
 . .barrels. . 
 
 22, 707 
 145 
 
 200, 147 
 789 
 245 
 
 27. 592 
 340 
 
 23. 177 
 
 1.546 
 
 660 
 
 41. 342 
 
 55. 726 
 969 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 201, 346 
 
 
 
 25.458 
 
 
 117,441 
 
 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 Maize is the chief cereal product of Costa Rica. It grows 
 abundantly in all parts of the Republic and is a staple article of 
 food. Its production in 1884 was 724,439 bushels, and in 1888 
 the yield of maize throughout the country amounted to 696,556 
 bushels from a planting of 1 2,648 bushels, a return of ^^ for 1 . This 
 crop is principally grown for home consumption, and in good 
 seasons sufficient is harvested for this demand. 
 
 The cultivation of wheat is now almost discontinued. It was 
 once quite an important industry, and in i860 filled the wants of 
 the country. At present it is raised in a few places only and in 
 small quantities, entirely insufficient for the country's require- 
 ments. The low price of the flour imported from California and 
 the greater return to be had from coflfee-raising have discouraged 
 the growing of wheat, and many sections of the country are not 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 25 
 
 supposed to be adapted to its cultivation In 1884 the wheat 
 harvest amounted to 4,129 bushels; the returns for the year 1888 
 were only 791 bushels. 
 
 In 1888 a steam flour mill, belonging to a foreign company^ 
 situated in San Jose, was the only one in the State, and in this 
 year about 10,000 bushels of wheat were imported for it. In 
 addition, about 25,000 barrels of flour were brought into the 
 country. 
 
 In 1883 only a small quantity of wheat flour was imported, but 
 in 1889, ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ below, this importation had grown to con- 
 siderable proportions. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The exports of breadstufFs from the United States to Costa 
 Rica in 1889, 1890, and 1891, were as follows: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Bread and biscuit pounds. . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels. . 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Oatmeal pounds . . 
 
 Wheat bushels. . 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 Total , 
 
 1889. 
 
 Quantity. Value 
 
 73, 347 
 
 2,324 
 
 58 
 
 265 
 
 1,480 
 
 21, 024 
 
 32, 254 
 
 $4,358 
 
 1,384 
 
 173 
 
 108 
 
 47 
 22, 638 
 
 [53,787 
 3,223 
 
 :85,7i8 
 
 1890. 
 
 Quantity. Value 
 
 89, 578 
 
 65, 384 
 
 174 
 
 20 
 
 2, 000 
 
 21, 000 
 
 37, 148 
 
 $4,075 
 
 36, 985 
 
 476 
 
 8 
 
 97 
 
 18, 782 
 
 167,051 
 
 4,594 
 
 231,968 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. Value, 
 
 71,405 
 
 5,045 
 
 80 
 
 1,389 
 
 1,958 
 
 24, 802 
 
 39, 131 
 
 $3,622 
 
 3,331 
 
 262 
 
 761 
 
 83 
 
 27, 850 
 
 177,681 
 
 7,618 
 
 216, 771 
 
 ECUADOR. 
 
 The agricultural portion of Ecuador is in the interior, and in 
 the settled parts is cut up into small farms, divisions of the hacien- 
 das, owned in large tracts by the wealthy. The soil is generally 
 fertile, and the climatic conditions permit the cultivation of many 
 products. The cultivation of the land is carried on in a primitive 
 way, and the tenants or farmers in the interior are usually of the 
 Indian population. 
 
26 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Wheat, barley, rye, Indian corn, and other cereals are produced 
 and yield abundantly. Wheat, however, is not a staple article of 
 food, the people depending almost entirely upon maize, barley, 
 potatoes, etc. The area devoted to wheat is about 35^,000 to 
 40,000 acres. 
 
 No statement of the cereal production of Ecuador seems to 
 have been given out, but it apparently is not entirely sufficient for 
 the country's demand, as, while there are no exports of wheat and 
 flour, the latter is imported in considerable quantities from Chile 
 and also from California. There were in 1886 some six or seven 
 water-power flour mills, with modern machinery, in Ecuador. 
 
 The output of the mills in three of the departments of the State 
 in 1886 was 15,784,936 pounds, which, it is estimated, represented 
 about one-half the production of the country. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 BreadstufFs in quantity and value as follows were exported from 
 the United States to Ecuador in 1889, 1890, and 1891: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit, pounds 
 
 W^heat flour barrels. 
 
 11.394 
 13. 936 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1,000 
 63. 578 
 
 I, 691 
 
 17,535 
 31,036 
 
 Dollars. 
 1,051 
 
 130, 573 
 3, 062 
 
 10,300 
 35, loi 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 567 
 
 157,092 
 
 1,450 
 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 66, 269 
 
 
 
 134, 692 
 
 
 
 159. 109 
 
 
 
 GUATEMALA. 
 
 The soil of Guatemala produces barley, corn, oats, and wheat. 
 Agriculture has developed considerably, nevertheless the produc- 
 tion of cereals is as yet insufficient for the needs of the people. 
 Wheat of a superior quality is grown in several departments of 
 the Republic. There exist large tracts of uncultivated land well 
 suited for the culture of this cereal. The quantity of wheat 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 27 
 
 produced, however, falls far below the home consumption, and the 
 annual importations amount to six to eight million pounds of 
 fiour from the north, besides 440,000 pounds of wheat. 
 
 Almost all the departments of the country yield large harvests 
 of corn, and in good seasons sufficient is harvested for the local 
 demand. 
 
 The annual average agricultural production from official figures 
 is of — 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Barley 660,000 
 
 Oats 660,000 
 
 Corn 220,460,000 
 
 Wheat 44,092,000 
 
 There are 79 flour mills in the country, several being situated 
 in the department of Chimaltenango, and this industry is fostered 
 by the Government, which in 1888 granted a subsidy of $8,000 
 to the mill situated in the department of Santa Rosa, as it had 
 previously to that of Tecpam. 
 
 There was included in the fiscal budget of 1889 an item of 
 $20,000, which was intended to be devoted by the Government 
 to the erection of two flour mills, one in the department of Chi- 
 quimula and the other in Jalapa, in both of which departments 
 wheat of a superior quality is produced on a small scale. 
 
 In the year 1887 $1,322,488 worth of flour was consumed in 
 Guatemala, of the weight of 16,444,688 pounds, or 11.8 pounds 
 per inhabitant. Of this amount 7,169,645 pounds were foreign 
 flour, and 9,275,043 pounds the production of the country. 
 
 The Guatemalan official statistics give the importations of 
 wheat, flour, and barley for the years 1887 and 1888 as follows : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Dollars. 
 12,979.44 
 118,937.75 
 6, 823. 97 
 
 Dollars. 
 26, 724. 27 
 161, 427. 20 
 
 7, 854. 20 
 
 Flour 
 
 Barley .. .. 
 
 
28 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The exports of breadstufFs in 1889, 1890, and 1891, from the 
 United States to Guatemala were : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 249 
 
 38, 374 
 
 6,732 
 
 14 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 116 
 
 3,018 
 
 5,064 
 
 46 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Barley, bushels 
 
 I, 001 
 
 43. 054 
 
 4,365 
 
 5 
 381 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 460 
 
 3,170 
 
 2,647 
 
 18 
 
 194 
 
 307 
 
 76, 198 
 
 47, 283 
 
 66 
 
 406 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 179 
 
 5,184 
 
 136, 090 
 
 Bread and biscuit, pounds 
 
 Corn, bushels 
 
 Corn meal, barrels 
 
 Oats bushels. . . . 
 
 258 
 
 Oatmeal, pounds 
 
 300 
 
 30, 355 
 43, 073 
 
 9 
 
 26, 748 
 
 195, 172 
 
 8,094 
 
 Wheat, bushels 
 
 32,300 
 47, 109 
 
 26, 403 
 202, 411 
 
 8 286 
 
 33,055 
 
 62, 528 
 
 30, 802 
 
 280, 225 
 
 12,625 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . . 
 
 All other breadstufFs etc 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 238, 267 
 
 
 243, 589 
 
 
 
 465, 575 
 
 
 
 GUIANA (BRITISH). 
 
 Indian corn is cultivated to a small extent in British Guiana, 
 and among the exports of this article in 1889, 3,039 bushels were 
 grown in that country. Its chief food product is the manioc, from 
 which the meal is made which furnishes the staple aliment of the 
 Indian population. The country is generally dependent upon 
 foreign importation for its breadstufFs, and in four years — from 
 1887 ^^ 1890 — these articles have been introduced into the country 
 as follows : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888. 
 
 18.V9. 1890. 
 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread, etc., 
 pounds 
 
 Corn, bushels, 
 
 Corn and oat- 
 meal, pou'ds. 
 
 Flour,barrels. 
 
 845, 926 
 34,619 
 
 I, 798, 280 
 142, 210 
 
 i 
 Dollars, j 
 
 35,781 627,480 
 20, 557 27, 549 
 
 30,2641,433,696 
 543, 995 147, 946 
 
 Dollars. 
 29, 049 
 
 18, 175 
 
 25,911 
 
 547, 501 
 
 236, 614 
 33,419 
 
 1,272,872 
 165,939 
 
 Dollars. 
 17, 163 
 17,537 
 
 19, 820 
 
 666, 223 
 
 355,670 
 40, 858 
 
 I, 247, 974 
 160, 465 
 
 Dollars. 
 25,427 
 24, 693 
 
 20,004 
 647, 861 
 
 The United States is the source of supply of the great bulk of 
 these imports, a small proportion of which are exported subse- 
 quently to the other Guianas and the West India Islands. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 29 
 
 In 1889, 1890, and 1891, breadstuffs as follows were exported 
 from the United States to British Guiana: 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 21 
 
 99.409 
 
 35. 694 
 
 6,034 
 
 38. 260 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value 
 
 Barley bushels. . 
 
 Bread and biscuit pounds. . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels. . 
 
 42 
 
 237,357 
 
 29, 564 
 
 5.649 
 
 5.109 
 
 8,620 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 73 
 
 10,094 
 
 16, 449 
 
 17.968 
 
 2.193 
 
 153 
 
 Dollars. 
 28 
 5.412 
 18, 238 
 16, 722 
 14. 843 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 300, 655 
 
 45. 896 
 
 7,367 
 
 II, 000 
 
 14, 802 
 
 30, 382 
 
 24. 361 
 
 5.376 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Oatmeal pounds. . 
 
 20 
 171,012 
 
 20 
 
 673. 949 
 4,860 
 
 
 
 Wheat flour barrels.. 
 
 All nthf*r hrpaH^tiifF^ ptp 
 
 119,012 
 
 540, 132 
 7.179 
 
 147, 002 
 
 704. 264 
 
 5.554 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 594. 241 
 
 
 734. 072 
 
 
 
 784, 739 
 
 
 
 GUIANA (DUTCH). 
 
 As in the other Guianas a maize is grown in Dutch Guiana to 
 some extent and manioc furnishes a staple article of aliment for 
 the inhabitants. 
 
 No statistics of the country are at hand to show its productions 
 or imports of breadstuffs, and information as to the condition of 
 agriculture there is difficult to be had. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Breadstuffs exported from the United States to Dutch Guiana 
 for 1889, 1890, and 1891, were as set forth in the table annexed: 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit. . . .pounds. . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels. . 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 52, 006 
 
 195 
 
 60 
 
 230 
 
 II, 212, 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1,945 
 
 113 
 
 199 
 
 85 
 55,666 
 
 115 
 
 46, 160 
 
 40 
 
 84 
 
 560 
 
 12, 505 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1,614 
 
 22 
 
 226 
 
 217 
 
 56, 394 
 291 
 
 54. 097 
 470 
 149 
 
 435 
 13. 803 
 
 Dollars. 
 2, 269 
 360 
 
 543 
 268 
 
 71,749 
 739 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 58, 123 
 
 
 58, 764 
 
 
 
 75.928 
 
 
 
3o 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 GUIANA (FRENCH.) 
 
 The soil of French Guiana is of very great fertility. The sta- 
 ple article of food is the manioc, and maize is cultivated to some 
 extent but no data are accessible to show the area devoted to their 
 culture or the amount of the yield. 
 
 In the year 1888 the colony imported breadstuffs as follows: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 Corn 
 
 
 pounds. . 
 
 do 
 
 5, 348, 122 
 289, 729 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 170,465 
 
 5,236 
 
 890 
 
 736 
 
 9,284 
 
 5,387 
 
 Corn meal . ... 
 
 
 do 
 
 Barley 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 Oats 
 
 
 do 
 
 363, 030 
 94,411 
 
 Bread and ship biscuit. . 
 
 
 do.... 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 In 1889, 1890, and 1891 the United States export of bread- 
 stuffs to this colony were : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit pounds. . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal -. barrels. . 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Oatmeal pounds . . 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstuffs, etc 
 
 7,098 
 
 I, 631 
 
 14 
 
 688 
 360 
 
 5,181 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 982 
 
 46 
 
 315 
 
 14 
 
 25, 240 
 
 1,015 
 
 13, 647 
 
 3,114 
 
 12 
 
 791 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 893 
 
 I, 761 
 
 38 
 337 
 
 13,090 
 
 3,181 
 121 
 
 828 
 
 Dollars. 
 733 
 2, 310 
 
 385 
 536 
 
 4,704 
 
 
 22, 148 
 5,005 
 
 4.302 
 
 21, 296 
 
 3,806 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 27, 939 
 
 
 30, 182 
 
 
 29, 066 
 
 
 
 HAITI, 
 
 The soil of Haiti is of exceeding fertility. Agriculture, how- 
 ever, is in a very rudimentary stage. Maize is easily raised, and 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 3» 
 
 three crops of this cereal can be grown in a year. No statement 
 of its commerce in breadstuffs or their production is obtainable. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The United States in 1889, 1890, and 1891 furnished Haiti 
 with breadstuffs as in the following table : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit. . .pounds. , 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels. . 
 
 Oats bushels.. 
 
 Rye flour barrels. . 
 
 Wheat flour do. . . . 
 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 416, 667 
 
 1.933 
 
 103 
 
 3.726 
 
 2 
 
 154. 636 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 24, 298 
 
 1,036 
 
 302 
 
 1.599 
 
 8 
 
 787,919 
 
 3.732 
 
 476, 313 
 
 8,441 
 
 129 
 
 7.617 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 29.551 
 
 4.276 
 
 346 
 
 2,988 
 
 
 
 467,630 
 
 7.290 
 
 220 
 
 9,984 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 28, 562 
 
 4.708 
 
 801 
 
 5.396 
 
 167, 740 
 
 
 777. 974 
 5.096 
 
 224, 938 
 
 I, 180,871 
 3.333 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 818, 894 
 
 
 
 820, 231 
 
 I, 223,671 
 
 
 
 
 
 HONDURAS (BRITISH). 
 
 In British Honduras maize seems to be the only cereal culti° 
 vated to any extent. It is the staple food of the Spanish popu- 
 lation and the Indians, and the area of land devoted to its cultiva- 
 tion, 7,000 acres in 1889, is greater than that occupied by any 
 other product. Notwithstanding the rude manner of agriculture 
 still prevailing in this country, the average yield is almost 56 
 bushels to the acre. Incomplete official returns, which are not 
 accurate, however, give the harvest of 1889 at 100,451 bushels. 
 The whole production is consumed in the colony, there at present 
 being no export of this article. In 1889 there were imported 
 13,739 barrels of wheat flour, 13,736 of United States origin, of 
 the value of $87,414; bread, etc., $5,942, and Indian corn $2,328. 
 
32 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The exports from the United States to this colony in 1889, 
 1890, and 1891 were as below: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2,819 
 
 1,530 
 
 710 
 
 100 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 151. 371 
 
 2,315 
 
 89 
 
 268 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit pounds. . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels. . 
 
 Oats bushels . . 
 
 Wheat do 
 
 78, 802 
 
 2.578 
 
 352 
 
 256 
 
 2 
 
 13. 465 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3.715 
 
 1,467 
 
 1,103 
 
 120 
 
 2 
 
 66, 226 
 
 1.737 
 
 57,578 
 
 3.054 
 
 233 
 
 257 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 7.679 
 
 I, 306 
 
 340 
 
 133 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstuflfs 
 
 10, 988 
 
 48, 929 
 1,976 
 
 15,625 
 
 76, 620 
 3.003 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 74, 370 
 
 
 56, 064 
 
 
 89, 090 
 
 
 
 HONDURAS. 
 
 The soil of Honduras is fertile, and the lands in the valleys 
 and along the rivers very rich. The system of agriculture is yet 
 in its infancy, and primitive methods are employed in cultivation. 
 Although almost all the agricultural products of the United 
 States can be grown among the cereals, corn only is cultivated to 
 any extent, and almost to the exclusion of the others except rice. 
 From the little care taken in its cultivation the corn ear is gener- 
 ally small and imperfect. Corn as an article of food is utilized 
 in the making of " tortillas," and but little corn meal is used. 
 
 No statistics of the country are collected to indicate the yield 
 or value of the farm products. 
 
 The imports of breadstufFs into the Republic in the years 
 1887-88 were: oats, 1,356 pounds; flour, 2,396,149 pounds, and 
 corn 103,764 pounds. 
 
 In 1888-89, flour, valued at $62,289, weighing 2,348,206 
 pounds, and 99,805 pounds of corn, valued at $1,617, ^^^^ ™' 
 ported. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 33 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 In i88g, 1890, and 1891 the United States exported to Hon- 
 duras breadstufFs as indicated in the following table : 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2 
 
 1,500 
 
 1.483 
 
 285 
 
 215 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Barley bushels. . 
 
 Bread and biscuit . . . .pounds. . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels. . 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Oatmeal pounds. . 
 
 Rye flour barrels. . 
 
 Wheat flour do 
 
 4 
 
 47,556 
 
 2,294 
 
 135 
 
 45 
 
 1.369 
 
 6 
 
 13. 368 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2 
 
 2,517 
 
 1,376 
 
 376 
 
 21 
 
 43 
 
 35 
 
 66, 032 
 
 2,369 
 
 4 
 
 24, 272 
 
 3, 140 
 
 105 
 
 615 
 
 38,816* 
 4, 454 
 23 
 
 281 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2, 100 
 
 3.148 
 
 73 
 
 155 
 
 
 
 
 
 12, 130 
 
 56, 263 
 1,282 
 
 18,822 
 
 89, 488 
 I. 317 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 12,111 
 
 
 61, 030 
 
 
 96, 281 
 
 
 
 MEXICO. 
 
 Mexico is making great strides in the production of cereals. 
 With a large area adapted to their cultivation, the progress in rail- 
 way transportation and a partial advancement in agricultural 
 methods, have given impetus to this industry. The cultivation 
 of the soil, however, is still largely carried on in a very primitive 
 way, and the improvement in this respect is not great, considering 
 the facilities for obtaining modern implements. 
 
 Indian corn or maize is the staple grain of the country, and is 
 produced in large quantities in nearly every State of the Republic. 
 It serves equally for the nourishment of men and animals, and is 
 generally used by Mexicans, as a bread, in the form of a cake 
 called the " tortilla^ The necessities of the people alone limit its 
 production, the exports being inconsiderable. During a period of 
 twelve years, from 1877 to 1888, the total value of maize exported 
 was only $255,000, an averageof about $2 1,250 per annum. 
 Bull 35 3 
 
34 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 THE PRODUCTION OF WHEAT. 
 
 The production of wheat, which can only be successfully- 
 grown in the colder and in some parts of the temperate regions, 
 is much less than that of maize. Although it is raised in smaller 
 or greater quantities in all the States with a few exceptions, the 
 superior qualities equal to the best European or American wheat, 
 are only grown on the tablelands several thousand feet above the 
 sea. An area of over 52,000 square miles, situated in the States 
 of IVJichoacan, Jalisco, Guanajuato, Aguas Calientes, San Luis 
 Potosi and Queretaro, is best adapted for the growth of the 
 cereals. The possibilities of the wheat production are such that it 
 could be made one of the leading exports by the application of 
 the advanced systems of cultivation and modern implements. 
 
 A moderate estimate places the possible production of the area 
 mentioned, cultivated to its fullest capacity, at 1 10,000,000 bush- 
 els of wheat and 440,000,000 bushels of corn per year, all of 
 which could be made available for export, the balance of the land 
 adapted for the purpose being sufficient to meet the demands of 
 the home market. 
 
 To encourage the cultivation and export of wheat, the State of 
 Sonora, in 1888, offered a premium of $1 per ton for all wheat 
 exported. The experiment was tried with good results, and dur- 
 ing a period of six months over 1,000 tons were shipped to Europe. 
 
 A low estimate places the yield of wheat per acre at about 20 
 bushels on the average, and the corn return at about 50 bushels 
 on the irrigated and 30 on the dry soils. 
 
 As shown by official statistics the total yield of the following 
 cereals during the year 1888 in the Republic was: 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barley 5, 930, 716 
 
 Wheat II, 396, 195 
 
 Maize 131, 478, 42s 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 35 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 United States statistics give the export of corn and of wheat 
 flour to Mexico for five years as follows: 
 
 Year. 
 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 189I 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 I, 263, 953 
 
 18, 780 
 
 894, 496 
 
 23,218 
 
 216, 468 
 
 24, 252 
 
 434. 997 
 
 32, 114 
 
 961,458 
 
 31, lOI 
 
 615,332 
 
 37, 584 
 
 In 1889, 1890, and 1891, the breadstuff exports from the 
 United States to Mexico were : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Barley bushels. 
 
 Bread and biscuits. . .pounds. 
 
 Corn bushels . 
 
 Corn meal barrels . 
 
 Oats bushels. 
 
 Oat meal pounds. 
 
 Rye bushels. 
 
 Rye flour barrels. 
 
 Wheat bushels. 
 
 Wheat flour. barrels. 
 
 All other breadstuff's 
 
 Total 
 
 1889. 
 
 Quantity.! \'alue. 
 
 6, 880 I 
 
 557,657 I 
 
 434,997 
 
 799 ! 
 
 6, 582 i 
 
 10, 828 ! 
 
 37 
 
 70 
 
 2, 280 
 
 32, 114 
 
 Dollars. 
 3,487 
 
 49, no 
 
 194, 778 
 
 2,447 
 2, 762 
 
 464 
 
 36 
 
 245 
 
 2,428 
 
 183,318 
 
 27,007 
 
 I466, 082 
 
 1890. 
 
 Quantity. Value 
 
 3,164 
 769, 337 
 961, 458 
 
 I, 202 
 
 19, 335 
 17, 642 
 
 93 
 
 2, 327 
 
 31, lOI 
 
 Dollars. 
 1,428 
 
 53, 245 
 
 481,052 
 
 3,301 
 
 8,065 
 
 704 
 
 378 
 
 2,279 
 
 164, 490 
 
 33, 876 
 
 748, 8] 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. Value. 
 
 402 
 
 846, 025 
 
 615,332 
 
 2, 256 
 
 14, 397 
 13,812 
 
 334 
 
 7,509 
 
 37, 584 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 52, 623 
 389, 619 
 
 8, 190 
 
 6,481 
 721 
 
 1,376 
 
 9,507 
 
 203, 792 
 
 56,051 
 
 728, 636 
 
 NICARAGUA. 
 
 In Nicaragua the natural resources are very great. Only a 
 relatively small part of the land has been brought under culti- 
 vation, but it is ample to supply the sparsely populated country. 
 As the forests are easily cleared the cultivated area could be 
 increased immensely and the soil found to be of great fertility. 
 
 Maize grows luxuriantly and two or three crops may be raised 
 
36 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 on the same ground annually. It is, as in the rest of Central 
 America, one of the chief articles of food of the people. 
 
 In the northern part of the Republic, on the elevated regions 
 of the district of Segovia, near the borders of Honduras, wheat 
 and all other cereals can be grown. 
 
 It is almost impossible to obtain information as to the agricul- 
 tural products of this Republic, but the yield of cereals is very 
 limited. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The tabular statement below gives the exports from the United 
 States to Nicaragua for the years 1889, 1890, and 1891 : 
 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Barley 
 
 Bread and biscuit. . . 
 
 Corn 
 
 Corn meal 
 
 Oats 
 
 Oatmeal 
 
 Rye flour 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 .bushels. . 
 .pounds. . 
 .bushels. . 
 .barrels. . 
 .bushels. . 
 .pounds. . 
 
 3 
 
 154.036 
 
 4,609 
 
 44 
 
 208 
 
 630 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 7 
 
 8,803 
 
 2, 702 
 
 130 
 
 95 
 
 32 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 208, 785 
 
 4.369 
 
 46 
 
 51 
 
 455 
 
 2 
 
 24. 841 
 
 11.372 
 
 2, 203 
 
 140 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 115. 154 
 4.303 
 
 210, 927 
 
 9.124 
 
 129 
 
 352 
 
 536 
 
 II, 630 
 
 6, 721 
 
 376 
 
 210 
 
 26 
 
 ...do.... 
 etc 
 
 24. 15O' 
 
 119. 919 
 4,842 
 
 32, 507 
 
 153. 244 
 7.669 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 136. 530 
 
 
 
 133. 223 
 
 
 179, 876 
 
 
 
 
 PARAGUAY. 
 
 With favorable physical conditions and climate the products of 
 the tropical and temperate zones flourish in Paraguay. 
 
 The cereals are cultivated almost entirely for the consumption 
 of the country. Among the products of the soil are maize, man- 
 dioca, and barley, and in 1886 the sowing was 3,233,708 rows of 
 maize, 2,279,634 of mandioca, and 5,618 of barley. Maize grows 
 easily and produces abundantly, and two harvests of it could be 
 raised annually ; it is not generally done, as this people only raise 
 sufficient for their use. The easy culture and the good results 
 obtained seem to have influenced the cultivation of this cereal. 
 In 1863, with a population of 800,000, there were only 14,607 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 37 
 
 acres cultivated, and in 1886, with 378,000 people, the area sown 
 was 29,965 acres. 
 
 Manioc, growing all the year round, is used for making bread 
 by most of the people. The area devoted to its cultivation, how- 
 ever, is decreasing. In 1863 it was Ji,579 acres; in 1886 it was 
 only 2 1 , 1 50 acres. The acreage of corn, wheat, and barley in the 
 Republic in 1882 was, according to a report of a United States 
 consul, 210,000 acres, and of mandioca, 125,700; but these fig- 
 ures do not seem to agree with other statements, official and other- 
 wise. 
 
 The raising of wheat would be a new source of wealth for this 
 country. Experiments made in the time of Lopez clearly showed 
 the profitable results of its cultivation, and it is stated that at one 
 time wheat was exported from Paraguay to Buenos Ayres. 
 
 By reason of the bad system of agriculture and the deterioration 
 of the seed, wheat-growing has now almost ceased. It has for some 
 years been imported, and several flour mills have been established 
 at Asuncion with good results. In 1886 the importation of wheat 
 was 4,667,623 pounds, and in 1887, 4,185,585 pounds. The 
 receipts of foreign flour have decreased considerably. In 1886 only 
 383,990 pounds were imported. The good quality of the Par- 
 aguayan flour has even procured custom outside of the Republic, 
 and in 1887 there was exported through the custom-house at 
 Asuncion 169,754 pounds of flour for Matto Grosso. 
 
 In 1888 the amount of flour manufactured was 5,229,358 
 pounds. 
 
 The imports of wheat and wheat flour through the Asuncion 
 custom-house were as follows for five years : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1886. 
 
 ( 
 
 1887. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Pounds: 
 
 877 
 2, 176, 928 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 64 
 2, 047, 456 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Pounds'. 
 4, 667, 623 
 383, 990 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 4.185,585 
 1,338,862 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 I, 908, 418 
 
 None of these imports into Paraguay are of United States origin. 
 
38 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 PERU. 
 
 Peru is divided longitudinally into four well-marked regions. 
 Along the coast the country is a desert, crossed by rivers and 
 extremely fertile valleys. The Puna consists of the bleak and 
 barren table-lands of the greatest height. In the Sierra, or high 
 table-lands, between the two ranges of mountains, is the section 
 where barley and other European grains and products can be 
 grown. In the Montana, on the slopes and base of the eastern 
 range of mountains, is the region of tropical forests. Along the 
 coast rain never falls. All agricultural operations in that section 
 are carried on by a wonderful and complete system of irrigation. 
 
 Maize is of all grains most generally and successfully cultivated ; 
 fields of it can be seen in all parts of Peru at any season of the 
 year and in every stage of growth. There are several varieties of 
 good quality. That grown in Cuzco is unsurpassed anywhere. 
 It is the staple food of all classes and forms the bread of the 
 natives in the country districts. Sufficient is produced for the con- 
 sumption of the country, and considerable is required for this pur- 
 pose. 
 
 Wheat, introduced into Peru by a lady (Maria de Escobar), was 
 once grown quite extensively in the valleys along the coast and in 
 the interior. The wheat products of Chile and the United States, 
 by reason of their small cost, have caused the disappearance of 
 this industry near the coast. Railway communication with the 
 interior, where wheat is still grown, may enable the Peruvian arti- 
 cle to compete with the imported in the future. Barley and oats 
 are only raised in small quantities and in the mountainous regions. 
 
 In 1888 the importation of wheat into Peru was 845,305 bushels, 
 from the following sources : Chile, 526,950 bushels ; United States, 
 307,243 bushels; Australia, 7,446 bushels; and Spain, 3,666 
 bushels. And the quantity imported in 1889 was 687,745 bushels. 
 
 There are flour mills in Lima, and a considerable quantity of 
 flour is imported. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 39 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Breadstuff exports from the United States to Peru were, in 
 1889, 1890, and 1891, as in the following table : 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit pounds. . 
 
 Wheat .. .bushels.. 
 
 8.770 
 
 Dollars. 
 720 
 
 8,086 
 
 92, 039 
 
 120 
 
 Dollars. 
 598 
 
 77, 225 
 658 
 245 
 
 26, 889 
 
 63, 956 
 
 1,507 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2,028 
 
 58, 801 
 
 8,649 
 
 628 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 
 
 130 
 
 652 
 416 
 
 
 
 
 ,Total 
 
 
 1,788 
 
 
 78, 726 
 
 
 70, 106 
 
 
 
 
 SALVADOR. 
 
 In Salvador maize and wheat are grown in many districts, and 
 the production of the former is sufficient to meet the requirements 
 of the people. Wheat flour is obtained almost entirely from the 
 United States. The total imports in i8qo were of the value of 
 $169,296 and in 1889 $153,218. No statement of the local 
 production can be had. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The United States, in the fiscal years 1889, 1890, and 1891, 
 furnished breadstuffs to Salvador as in the following table : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. j 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 19 
 
 358 
 
 173 
 
 1,379 
 
 169. 359 
 
 2,394 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Barley bushels. . 
 
 Bread and biscuit . . . .pounds. . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Wheat do 
 
 Wheat flour . . .* barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstuffs . . 
 
 43 
 
 4,597 
 
 268 
 
 1,668 
 
 37, 294 
 
 41 
 
 5,524 
 1,742 
 2,915 
 
 47, 875 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 17 
 
 390 
 
 I, 172 
 
 2,400 
 
 208, 312 
 
 3,738 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 6,290 
 
 18, 595 
 
 89 
 
 59, 784 
 
 373 
 20, 696 
 
 83 
 
 273, 162 
 
 3,919 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 173,682 
 
 
 216, 029 
 
 
 298, 233 
 
 
 
40 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 SANTO DOMINGO. 
 
 In Santo Domingo the land is generally rich and productive, 
 except in a limited region, where rain is deficient. Though situ- 
 ated in the tropics, the character of the soil, the distance of certain 
 portions above the sea level, and the differences of exposure cause 
 particular districts to be adapted to different classes of agricultural 
 products. Upon the mountains many of the growths of the 
 temperate zone can be successfully produced. Indian corn is 
 easily cultivated, and, as in most of these tropical regions, three 
 plantings can be made in one year, the summer crop being of the 
 best quality. Wheat in a limited quantity has been grown in one 
 of the valleys several thousand feet above the sea. 
 
 No statistics of the commerce or agricultural production of the 
 country are to be had. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The United States in 1889, 1890, and 1891 exported bread- 
 stuffs to this Republic as follows : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Bread and biscuit pounds . . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels. . 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Rye flour barrels. . 
 
 Wheat flour do. . . . 
 
 All other breadstuff's 
 
 Total. 
 
 1889. 
 
 Quantity. Value. 
 
 68, 430 
 
 533 
 
 273 
 
 I, 240 
 
 37, 646 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 4,386 
 
 318 
 
 943 
 496 
 
 202, 678 
 3,361 
 
 212, 182 
 
 1890. 
 
 Quantity/. Value. 
 
 73.071 
 
 62 
 
 581 
 
 1,572 
 
 10 
 
 31.675 
 
 Dollars. 
 4,136 
 
 29 
 1,661 
 
 559 
 
 30 
 
 149, 260 
 
 7.306 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantitjj/.l Value. 
 
 162, 981 
 
 71,415 
 
 105 
 
 612 
 
 1,455 
 
 7 
 38, 341 
 
 Dollars. 
 3,979 
 64 
 2,088 
 
 754 
 
 33 
 
 206, 239 
 
 8,844 
 
 222,001 
 
 URUGUAY. 
 
 Uruguay has hitherto been essentially a pastoral country. The 
 scarcity of labor, the existing land tenures in large holdings, and 
 the means of communication are such as to retard agricultural 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 41 
 
 development. Whatever improvement has taken place is due tO' 
 immigration. The soil is well suited for agriculture. Wheat and 
 maize are the principal products of the ground. Barley is grown 
 to some extent, but the raising of oats is not a success. The 
 lands are very rich, and require little cultivation or fertilization. 
 Agriculture is generally carried on only in the neighborhood of 
 the railways, and the system of farming is primitive. That not- 
 withstanding all obstacles this industry has advanced, is indicated 
 by the fact that the exports of wheat, wheat flour, and maize have 
 more than doubled since 1889. An estimate of the wheat area 
 in 1889 is 500,000 acres, but no official data of this kind seems 
 to be collected, nor is the production indicated otherwise than by 
 the foreign trade in these articles. 
 
 In 1889 ^^^ estimated area of wheat and maize was 403,000 
 hectares, or 1,007,500 acres, half devoted to each crop. The es-^ 
 timated crop in 1889 was only 70,000 bushels, excessive rain 
 having caused the decrease in the yield. 
 
 The commerce in breadstuffs is shown in the subjoined tables 
 for the three years, 1887 ^^ 1889; the great increase in the im- 
 ports and decrease in the exports of the latter year were caused 
 by an almost total failure of the crops. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1889. 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Oats 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Ii 510- 
 
 6, 105 
 
 84, 196 
 
 I, 722 
 
 3". 9" 
 20, 168 
 
 Barley 
 
 
 
 Farina 
 
 126,218 
 278 
 632 
 361 
 
 8 
 
 71,484 
 508 
 
 79 
 
 52 
 
 9 
 
 Rye flour 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 Maize 
 
 Wheat 
 
 2, 294, 716. 
 
 
42 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN 
 
 Exports. 
 
 AMERICA 
 
 
 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1889. 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Oats 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 13 
 
 495 
 
 489. 813 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 8 
 
 162 
 
 883, 392 
 
 60 
 
 211,930 
 
 415, 570 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 28 
 
 Barley 
 
 607 
 46, 543 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 Corn meal 
 
 Maize 
 
 20, 517 
 120, 247 
 
 81, 380 
 95, 934 
 
 AVheat 
 
 
 COMMERCE IN WHEAT AND FLOUR. 
 
 The importation and exportation of wheat and wheat flour for 
 ten years are indicated in the table below : 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Vears. 
 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 
 Wheat, 
 
 Flour, 
 
 value. 
 
 value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 314. 659 
 
 12, 775 
 
 6,976 
 
 1,407 
 
 544. 306 
 
 74, 624 
 
 69, 762 
 
 2,524 
 
 19, 159 
 
 5.465 
 
 820 
 
 1,792 
 
 63, 881 
 
 2.147 
 
 8 
 
 632 
 
 9 
 
 79 
 
 2, 294, 716 
 
 311,911 
 
 Exports. 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884, 
 
 1885 
 
 1886, 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 97,091 
 116, 350 
 
 7,489 
 3,019 
 
 3,187 
 
 82,418 
 
 123, 583 
 
 120, 247 
 
 415, 570 
 
 95, 934 
 
 72, 836 
 121, 712 
 
 53, 139 
 129, 373 
 
 65, 606 
 
 345. 796 
 670,514 
 
 489,813 
 
 883, 392 
 
 46, 543 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 43 
 
 DESTINATION OF EXPORTS. 
 
 In the tables annexed is found the destination of the exports of 
 wheat and flour from Uruguay for five years, 1885 to 1889 : 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 Whither exported. 
 
 1885. 
 
 Value . 
 
 Argentine Republic. 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 England 
 
 France 
 
 Italy 
 
 Spain 
 
 Other ports 
 
 Dollars. 
 11,332 
 
 6, 302 
 36 
 
 32, 069 
 14, 629 
 
 17,424 
 626 
 
 1886. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 7,912 
 
 3,854 
 
 20, 359 
 
 II, 604 
 
 37, 344 
 
 4,615 
 
 20, 470 
 
 13,319 
 4, 106 
 
 1887. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 938 
 50, 762 
 
 7,078 
 10, 853 
 
 44, 693 
 
 5,923 
 
 1888. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 372, 267 
 77 
 
 39, 050 
 4,176 
 
 1889. 
 
 "Value. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 5,620 
 
 90,314 
 
 FLOUR. 
 
 Argentine Republic 
 
 4,282 
 
 216 
 
 386 
 
 663, 271 
 
 31 
 123 
 618 
 
 1,139 
 1,242 
 
 3,488 
 
 190 
 
 
 
 258 
 869, 708 
 
 
 Brazil 
 
 337, 364 
 258 
 
 487, 762 
 
 33, 570 
 
 Chile 
 
 Cuba 
 
 
 
 
 France 
 
 51 
 1,613 
 
 
 
 
 Italy 
 
 1,340 
 
 13, 426 
 
 
 
 
 Other ports. 
 
 2, 228 
 
 521 
 
 
 12,973 
 
 
 
 SOURCE OF FOREIGN SUPPLY. 
 
 Prior to 1889 wheat was imported into Uruguay in limited 
 quantities, principally from Chile and the Argentine, and flour 
 from Brazil and the Argentine, but in 1889 in consequence of 
 the failure of the crops the importations of these products increased 
 enormously and were from the following countries : 
 
 Wheat importation, i88g. 
 
 Country. 
 
 United States 
 
 Chile 
 
 Argentine . . . 
 
 Russia 
 
 Italy 
 
 England .... 
 
 Germany 
 
 • Total . 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 30, 112, 640 
 
 850, 664 
 
 22, 023, 491 
 
 639, 118 
 
 II, 782,229 
 
 337,711 
 
 7, 118,624 
 
 206,655 
 
 6, 352, 169 
 
 134, 187 
 
 4,351,113 
 
 126, 314 
 
 2,377 
 
 67 
 
 11,742,643 
 
 Value. 
 
 2, 294, 716 
 
44 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Wheat-Jlotir importation, i88g. 
 
 Country. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 A rffentine 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 2, 825, 662 
 
 2, 785, 120 
 
 I, 268, 944 
 
 711, 164 
 
 185,314 
 
 39, 682 
 
 383, 523 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 105, 434 
 
 107, 424 
 
 United States 
 
 Brazil 
 
 45, 602 
 
 Chile 
 
 28, 205 
 
 Knffland . .... 
 
 7,907 
 
 1,878 
 
 Spain 
 
 Other ports 
 
 15, 461 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 8, 199, 409 
 
 311,9" 
 
 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The United States, in its fiscal years 1889, 1890, and 1891, 
 exported the following breadstufFs to Uruguay: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit, . . .pounds. . 
 
 Wheat bushels.. 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstufFs, etc 
 
 5.645 
 
 168, 259 
 
 22, 119 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 495 
 162, 941 
 
 114,559. 
 5,263 
 
 2,266 
 
 721, 636 
 
 10, 809 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 173 
 
 647, 587 
 
 54, 147 
 
 3.556 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 («) 
 («) 
 {a) 
 2,368 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 283,258 
 
 
 705, 463 
 
 
 2,368 
 
 
 
 
 a No statistics. 
 
 VENEZUELA, 
 
 In Venezuela there abound luxuriant tracts of land admirably 
 fitted for the cultivation of corn. This cereal grows abundantly. 
 There is scarcely a state where it can not be raised, and with atten- 
 tion the yield is generally good and sufficient to partially supply 
 the home market. 
 
 There is much excellent wheat land in the country, and the 
 yield is fair. In Los Andes, a State near Colombia, wheat is 
 grown with success and a flour of dark color and of a good qual- 
 ity is made from it for home consumption. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 45 
 
 The total grain production, however, is not very large. The 
 lack of dependence to be placed upon labor, the possibilities of 
 existence upon products needing no cultivation, and the climate, 
 are conditions which retard agricultural advancement in this 
 direction. 
 
 Flour mills with American machinery have been introduced 
 into Venezuela, and practical millers have in some instances been 
 brought from the United States to operate them. 
 
 The importations of flour come almost exclusively from the 
 United States and are very great. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The breadstuffs exported from the United States to Venezuela 
 in 1889, 1890, and 1891 are shown below: 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit . pounds. 
 
 Corn bushels. 
 
 Corn meal barrels . 
 
 Oats bushels. 
 
 Rye flour barrels. 
 
 Wheat bushels. 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. 
 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 400, 369 
 
 232, 647 
 
 187 
 
 2,305 
 
 3 
 
 4,848 
 
 155,857 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 30, 613 
 
 118, 724 
 
 564 
 
 923 
 
 10 
 
 5,205 
 
 791,007 
 
 42, 543 
 
 557, 964 
 240, 498 
 
 257 
 
 3,366 
 
 10 
 
 1,799 
 
 173, 759 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 45, 370 
 
 129, 132 
 
 699 
 
 I, 240 
 
 40 
 
 1.993 
 
 807, 642 
 
 41,112 
 
 587, 168 
 
 169, 734 
 
 307 
 
 5,648 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 54. 256 
 
 140, 985 
 
 906 
 
 3,040 
 
 12, 095 
 194,015 
 
 14. 631 
 I, 066, 605 
 
 43. 350 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 989, 589 
 
 
 1,027,228 
 
 
 
 I, 323, 773 
 
 
 
 
 WEST INDIES (BRITISH), 
 
 The British West Indies are almost entirely dependent upon 
 foreign countries for their supply of cereals. Corn is grown in 
 some of the islands in small quantities, but by no means suffi- 
 cient for their needs. 
 
 In Montserrat, Indian corn is one of the principal products. 
 
 On the Island of Jamaica, a number of years since, an attempt 
 was made to raise oats, barley, and wheat on the highlands. 
 
46 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 without much success. The corn acreage of this island was 822 
 acres in 1888 and 754 acres in 1889. 
 
 In the Bahamas, corn, supplying in part the home demand, is 
 grown. The sterility of the soil and the lack of agricultural en- 
 terprise exhibited by the inhabitants will preclude ordinary farm- 
 ing from becoming a profitable industry in the islands of this 
 group. 
 
 The cassava (manioc) is raised on almost all these islands, and 
 its root is generally used in the preparation of a sort of bread. 
 
 BARBADOS. 
 
 The Barbados imported, in 1889,334,644 bushels of corn and 
 grain, value $278,636; of corn meal, 47,172 barrels, value $172,- 
 172, and 75,017 barrels of wheat and rye flour, value $456,341. 
 Among its exports were 3 1 ,054 barrels of wheat flour, value 
 $188,903. 
 
 JAMAICA. 
 
 The imports of breadstufFs into Jamaica were, in 1889 : 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Bread and biscuit 63, 775 
 
 Corn meal 77, 071 
 
 Wheat flour 7S6, 071 
 
 Corn 79, 265 
 
 Wheat 1,766 
 
 Oats * 4. 220 
 
 Oatmeal i, 578 
 
 Farinaceous substances 10, 952 
 
 These imports were almost entirely from the United States. 
 
 THE BAHAMAS. 
 
 The Bahamas, in 1890, received from the United States 48,000 
 barrels of flour, against 37,000 in 1889, the increase being due to 
 a partial failure of the com and other crops of the island. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 47 
 
 TRINIDAD. 
 
 The amount of cereals imported into Trinidad in 1889 is 
 given below. A small proportion of these imports were reshipped 
 to the other British colonies and to Venezuela. 
 
 Imports, i88g. 
 
 Origin. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Corn, all kinds, including oats: 
 
 United States 
 
 All other countries 
 
 bushels.. 
 
 do.... 
 
 79. 327 
 116,914 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Total 
 
 196, 241 
 
 21.175 
 4. 146 
 
 134, 778- 
 
 Bread, all kinds: 
 
 United States 
 
 All other countries 
 
 barrels. . 
 
 do.... 
 
 Total 
 
 25,321 
 
 112,743 
 4,392 
 
 83, 193- 
 
 Flour: 
 
 United States 
 
 All other countries 
 
 do.... 
 
 do.... 
 
 Total , . . . . 
 
 117,135 
 
 7,082 
 454 
 
 t;7i, 035. 
 
 Meal or flour not wheaten: 
 
 United States 
 
 All other countries 
 
 do.... 
 
 do.... 
 
 
 Total 
 
 7.536 
 
 26, 844 
 
 Farinaceous substances 
 
 13, 397 
 
 
 
 
 Of these imports Trinidad exported, in 1889, 5,082 barrels of 
 flour, 554 barrels of bread, and 27,834 bushels of corn ; but of the 
 latter 1 26 bushels were the product of the island. 
 
 TOBAGO. 
 
 The imports into Tobago in 1889 were : Bread, 440 barrels, 
 $1,325; corn, 1,260 bushels, $971 ; flour, 3,226^^ barrels, $17,081, 
 and meal, 368 barrels, $1,389, a fair portion of which were re- 
 ceived directly from the United States. 
 
48 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES TO THE BRITISH WEST INDIES. 
 
 The following table shows the breadstuff exports from the 
 United States to the British West Indies in 1889, 1890 and 1891 : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit . .lbs. . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels. . 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Oatmeal pounds. . 
 
 Rye flour barrels. . 
 
 Wheat bushels.. 
 
 Wheat flour . . . .barrels. . 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 6, 200, 880 
 
 336, 734 
 
 97,313 
 
 130. 848 
 
 280, 958 
 
 100 
 
 610 
 
 444, 317 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 297, 480 
 
 188, 879 
 
 300, 833 
 
 54. 526 
 
 5.796 
 
 362 
 
 709 
 
 2, 083, 433 
 
 69, 141 
 
 6, 470, 844 
 428, 636 
 
 91. 584 
 
 253.210 
 
 54, 850 
 
 15 
 
 I, 000 
 
 456, 438 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 298, 274 
 
 213, 896 
 
 245, 830 
 
 100, 335 
 
 I, 264 
 
 44 
 
 997 
 
 I, 945, 265 
 
 65, 195 
 
 6, 864, 159 
 507, 852 
 116, 583 
 191,430 
 7,843 
 77 
 152, 797 
 523,216 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 344. 704 
 330, 683 
 387, 168 
 103, 350 
 221 
 360 
 125,954 
 496, 241 
 
 98. 494 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 3,001,159 
 
 
 2, 871, 700 
 
 
 3.887,175 
 
 
 
 
 
 WEST INDIES (DUTCH.) 
 
 Maize, in the Dutch West Indies, is one of the principal 
 products. In seasons when the usual rains occur the island of 
 Cura9ao produces sufficient, with other crops, for the sustenance 
 of most of the people. Its imported food supplies are principally 
 •drawn from the United States. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The exports, in 1889, 1890 and 1891, of the articles stated from 
 the United States to the Dutch West Indies are shown in the 
 subjoined table. 
 
 A rtirlp^ 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit . . . 
 
 Corn 
 
 Corn meal 
 
 Oats 
 
 Oatmeal 
 
 .pounds. . 
 .bushels. . 
 ..barrels., 
 .bushels. . 
 .pounds. . 
 . .barrels. . 
 • bushels. . 
 . .barrels. . 
 
 437, 946 
 
 64, 790 
 
 19. 925 
 
 682 
 
 536 
 
 187 
 
 25 
 
 27, 426 
 
 Dollars. 
 21,931 
 36, 303 
 63, 693 
 270 
 
 13 
 
 687 
 
 32 
 
 136, 529 
 
 3,256 
 
 460, 508 
 
 77, no 
 
 18,555 
 
 383 
 
 Dollars. 
 18, 725 
 40, 335 
 50, 038 
 137 
 
 472, 603 
 32. 246 
 
 13, 544 
 836 
 
 Dollars. 
 21,582 
 25, 674 
 
 45, 923 
 
 466 
 
 Rye flour 
 
 Wheat 
 
 280 
 
 * 953 
 
 95 
 20 
 
 406 
 
 25 
 
 111,173 
 
 2,566 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 All other breadstuff's. 
 
 21,529 
 
 99. 212 
 2,437 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 262, 714 
 
 
 
 211,837 
 
 
 207. 81^ 
 
 
 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 49 
 
 WEST INDIES (FRENCH). 
 
 In Guadeloupe and dependencies of the French West Indies, 
 manioc after sugar cane is the product most generally cultivated. 
 A preparation of the flour of manioc (cassava) to a great extent 
 takes the place of wheat bread, and is used by all classes. The 
 area devoted to the cultivation of manioc in Guadeloupe in 1888, 
 was 12,854 acres, and 19,020 acres were planted in other food 
 substances. The harvest of the year included 379794*337 pounds 
 of manioc, and 320,905 of maize. 
 
 In Martinique, 42,369 acres wefe under cultivation for the pro- 
 duction of articles of food in 1 887, but the statistics do not show 
 the area or yield of the several kinds of products cultivated. 
 
 The imports of breadstuffs into the French West Indies in 
 1888 were as follows: 
 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Guadeloupe. 
 
 Martinique. 
 
 Corn / 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 22, 487 
 
 1,748 
 
 71,153 
 
 56, 278 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 32,052 
 
 976 
 
 20, 922 
 
 21 612 
 
 Corn meal 
 
 Oats 
 
 Ship biscuit etc 
 
 Wheat 
 
 21, 776 
 
 454, 974 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 363, 725 
 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 In 1889, 1890, and 1891 the supply of breadstuffs exported by 
 the United States to these Islands was — 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit. pounds. 
 
 Corn bushels. 
 
 Corn meal barrels . 
 
 Oats bushels. 
 
 Rye flour barrels. 
 
 Wheat bushels. 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. 
 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 1,257,024 
 
 63, 668 
 
 881 
 
 4,198 
 
 40 
 
 22, 981 
 107, 070 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 48, 423 
 
 35, 712 
 
 2,649 
 
 1,847 
 
 138 
 
 21,752 
 
 536, 012 
 
 1,296 
 
 1,118,763 
 
 65,328 
 
 1,576 
 
 20, 925 
 
 20 
 
 32, 868 
 
 110,313 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 48, 172 
 
 33,551 
 
 4,058 
 
 31,887 
 
 495,421 
 
 873 
 
 I, 059, 314 
 
 64, 931 
 
 1,706 
 
 2,770 
 
 50 
 
 9.978 
 
 "1,549 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 53, 228 
 
 43, 515 
 
 5,451 
 
 I, 114 
 
 213 
 
 11,366 
 
 556, 807 
 
 52, 422 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total . 
 
 
 647, 829 
 
 
 622, 223 
 
 
 673, 8^ 
 
 
 Bull. 35 4 
 
5° 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 WEST INDIES (SPANISH). 
 
 In the Spanish West Indies maize grows abundantly. The 
 usual three crops annually are produced. 
 
 Puerto Rico, in the elevated portion, is adapted to the cultiva- 
 tion of several of the European grains and is the only one of the 
 Antilles whose products almost suffice for the alimentation of 
 its inhabitants. No agricultural statistics of these islands appear 
 to be collected and data of their commerce are not accessible. 
 
 In the Spanish revenue law of the 6th of May, 1882, there was 
 a provision for the gradual reduction of duties on Spanish imports 
 until July 1, 1891, after which date all articles imported directly 
 from Spain or of Spanish origin were to enter Cuba free of duty. 
 This law was advanced one year July 1, 1890, as to flour imported 
 from Spain, which has since that date been imported into Cuba 
 free of duty. 
 
 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 In 1889, 1890, and 1891 the quantity and value of the United 
 States exports of breadstuffs to the Spanish West Indies were — 
 
 Cuba. 
 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit . pounds . . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels . . 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Rye .bushels. . 
 
 341. 014 
 
 145, 525 
 
 3,544 
 
 21,751 
 
 Dollars. 
 23, 557 
 81, 180 
 
 11,245 
 
 7,813 
 
 362,820 
 
 594, 542 
 
 6,398 
 
 52, 229 
 
 16 
 
 1,315 
 
 1,234 
 
 255, 820 
 
 Dollars. 
 24, 195 
 
 258, 775 
 
 19, 116 
 
 17, 198 
 
 II 
 
 5,030 
 
 1,246 
 
 1, 164, 538 
 
 30, 508 
 
 361,853 
 
 856 
 
 21,837 
 
 16 
 
 915 
 20 
 
 114,447 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 17,930 
 225, 187 
 
 2,909 
 
 10, 598 
 
 13 
 
 Rye flour barrels. . 
 
 Wheat bushels.. 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstuffs 
 
 737 
 
 30 
 
 243,153 
 
 2, 630 
 
 35 
 
 1,190,494 
 
 19, 093 
 
 3,785 
 
 23 
 
 591, 886 
 
 27, 648 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1,336,047 
 
 
 I, 520, 617 
 
 
 874, 979 
 
 
 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Puerto Rico. 
 
 51 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1889. 1 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. j Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 509, 922 
 9.375 
 8,197 
 3,462 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bread and biscuit, pounds. . 
 
 Corn bushels. . 
 
 Corn meal barrels . . 
 
 Oats bushels. . 
 
 Rye flour barrels. . 
 
 Wheat flour barrels. . 
 
 All other breadstufFs 
 
 287, 307 
 
 3,135 
 
 1,369 
 
 1,084 
 
 3 
 
 129, 946 
 
 Dollars. 
 17, 766 
 
 1,523 
 
 4,196 
 
 408 
 
 10 
 
 638, 210 
 
 11,669 
 
 427, 032 
 
 12,966 
 
 9,068 
 
 3,880 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 23, 832 
 
 6,523 
 
 23,928 
 
 1,490 
 
 Dollars. 
 27, 806 
 
 5.380 
 26. 099 
 
 I, 912 
 
 151,996 699,516 
 16, 468 
 
 127,983 
 
 668, 828 
 18,850 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 673, 782 
 
 
 
 llhlSl 
 
 
 748, 875 
 
 
 
Freight Rates to Latin America. 
 
 The freight rates from the ports of the United States to the 
 ports of Latin America are approximately as follows : 
 
 FROM NEW YORK TO BRAZIL AND THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 
 
 United States and Brazilian Mail Steamship Company. 
 [Subject to change without notice.] 
 
 ' 
 
 From New York, Baltimore, or Rich- 
 mond to— 
 
 Articles, 
 
 Pard. 
 
 Rio de 
 Janeiro. 
 
 Montevideo 
 
 or Buenos 
 
 Ayres. 
 
 Bran (in bags, loo pounds each) per bag. . 
 
 Flour per barrel (196 pounds). . 
 
 Dollars. 
 0.75 
 0. 90 
 
 Dollars. 
 I. GO 
 I. 10 
 
 Dollars. 
 I. 40 
 1.60 
 
 FROM NEW YORK TO MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA. 
 
 Pacific Mail Steamship Company. 
 
 
 "How charged. 
 
 Central American ports. 
 
 Mexican ports. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Punta Are- 
 nas, San 
 •Juan, Ce- 
 rinto. 
 
 Amapala, La 
 Uni6n, La Li- 
 bertad, Aca- 
 putla, San 
 Jos^de Guate- 
 mala, Cham- 
 perico Acos. 
 
 San Benito. 
 Torald, Salina 
 Cruz, Port An- 
 gel, Acapulco. 
 Manzanillo, 
 San Bias, 
 Mazatlan. 
 
 Crackers, flour, maizena, meal, 
 
 Cubic foot 
 
 Cents. 
 50 
 
 Cents. 
 
 55 
 
 Cents. 
 60 
 
 
 
 FROM NEW YORK TO PANAMA. 
 
 Flour barrel . . 
 
 Flour - • • .half barrel. . 
 
 Flour '. quarter barrel . . 
 
 Flour in bags pound.. 
 
 Ship bread, crackers, etc cubic foot. . 
 
 52 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2. 50 
 
 I. 40 
 
 .80 
 
 .01 
 
 .40 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 53 
 
 RULES AND CONDITION OF SHIPMENT. 
 
 All freight must be prepaid and is payable in the United States 
 gold. No bill of lading signed for less than $5 (to Panama $4.) 
 Goods taken as above by weight or measurement at carriers' option. 
 Freight charged on gross weight or measurement. Special rates 
 for car-load lots (20,000 pounds or 500 cubic feet) of any one 
 article of consignment. 
 
 All packages of unusual bulk will be taken only by special 
 contract. All perishable property only at owner's risk of frost, 
 heat, and decay, and all goods in improper or insufficient packages 
 only at owner's risk of chafing, wet, and waste. All baled goods 
 will be carried only at owner's risk of chafing. 
 
 Shippers are required to send receipts in duplicate, giving con- 
 tents, one of which will be signed, the other retained and must 
 accompany the bill of lading when presented for signature. Bills 
 of lading signed only upon company's forms furnished at the 
 office. No other forms recognized. Bills of lading will not be 
 signed until duly stamped by the Colombian consul at New 
 York. 
 
 Shippers of goods must comply with all consular regulations 
 for manifests, invoices, certificates, etc., and any fine imposed by 
 authorities at port of destination or damage resulting from failure 
 in this respect, or for errors or omissions therein, shall be at risk 
 and expense of the consignees of the goods, and shall be paid by 
 them. 
 
 Freight received at pier foot of Canal street. North River, until 
 5 p. M. day previous to steamer's sailing, unless steamer be sooner 
 full. The company reserves the right to alter the tariff at their 
 option without further notice. 
 
 FROM NEW ORLEANS TO COSTA RICA. 
 
 Costa Rica Line, 140 Gravier street. New Orleans, La. 
 
 Freight rates are charged upon a basis of $8 per ton or 20 
 cents per cubic foot. 
 
54 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 FROM TAMPA TO CUBA. 
 
 By Plant Investment Company. 
 
 Between Port Tampa and Havana freight rates 20 cents per 
 100 pounds on grain, etc., with 36 cents per barrel on flour. 
 
 FROM TAMPA TO JAMAICA. 
 
 By Plant Investment Company. 
 
 Between Port Tampa and Jamaica freight rates 45 cents per 
 100 pounds on grain and $1 per barrel on flour. 
 
Duties on Breadstuffs. 
 
 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Ad valorem duties. 
 
 
 D.tyin 
 
 Argentine 
 
 money 
 
 Equivalents in United States 
 
 
 and weights 
 
 • 
 
 currency and weights. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Oats, including the bag 
 
 kilos. 
 
 o. 06 
 
 25 
 
 pound. 
 
 0. 026 
 
 25 
 
 Barley, decorticated, including 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the wrapping 
 
 ..do .. 
 
 . 10 
 
 25 
 
 do 
 
 .043 
 
 25 
 
 Barley, with the husks, includ- 
 
 
 
 
 ing the bag 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 .03 
 
 25 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 .013 
 
 25 
 
 Rye in the grain, including the 
 
 
 
 bag 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 .06 
 
 25 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 . 026 
 
 25 
 
 Crackers, ordinary, including 
 
 
 
 
 
 the bag 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 .09 
 
 25 
 
 . .do ... 
 
 .039 
 
 25 
 
 Flour or meal of all comestible 
 
 
 
 material (other than wheat or 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 maize) in packages or tons. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 including the covering 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 .24 
 
 25 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 .105 
 
 25 
 
 The same, loose, in boxes or 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 bags, including the covering. 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 .18 
 
 25 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 .078 
 
 25 
 
 Specific duties. 
 
 Free list. 
 
 Crackers, fine, sweet or small, 
 and other mixtures of flour . . 
 Flour or meal of wheat or maize . 
 
 kilos. 
 ..do ... 
 
 
 
 Pesos. 
 0.15 
 
 per lb. 
 . .do ... 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .065 
 021 
 
 Maize, shelled 
 
 . .do ... 
 
 
 do . 
 
 
 021 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Maize, in the ear 
 Wheat 
 
 Free 
 do.. 
 
 55 
 
56 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 BOLIVIA. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in Bolivian money and . 
 weights. 
 
 Equivalents in United States 
 currency and weights. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Oats gros§ weight . 
 
 Barley, with the husks, gross 
 weight . . . . 
 
 kilos, 
 .do . . 
 
 Bolivianos 
 
 o. 02 
 
 . 02 
 .Q2 
 
 .04 
 
 .40 
 .08 
 
 .06 
 .02 
 .05 
 
 Per cent. 
 free . . . 
 
 25 
 
 free . . 
 
 pound. 
 
 ..do ... 
 ..do ... 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .013 
 
 .133 
 .026 
 
 .02 
 
 .oo62/^ 
 .006^ 
 
 Per cent. 
 free. 
 
 25 
 
 free 
 
 Rye gross weight . 
 
 Crackers, without sweetening 
 
 or lard gross weight. 
 
 Same, fine, with or without 
 
 sweetening, and biscuits of 
 
 all kinds gross weight. 
 
 Flour wheat do. . 
 
 Flour (meal) of oats, rye, maize 
 
 and others gross weight. 
 
 Maize do. . 
 
 Wheat..; do.. 
 
 ..do ... 
 ..do ... 
 
 ..do ... 
 ..do ... 
 
 ..do ... 
 ..do ... 
 ..do ... 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 free . . . 
 
 free . . . 
 free . . . 
 
 25 
 
 ..do ... 
 
 ..do ... 
 ..do ... 
 
 ..do ... 
 ..do ... 
 ..do ... 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 free. 
 
 free. 
 
 free. 
 
 25 
 
 BRAZIL. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in Brazilian money 
 and weights. 
 
 Equivalents in United States 
 currency and weights. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Bread, biscuits 
 
 
 Pesos, 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Ship or pilot bread, crackers, etc 
 
 Biscuit of any other kind 
 
 Per kilo 
 
 do 
 
 .035 
 .480 
 
 Per pound. . . 
 ....do 
 
 0. 0086 
 0. 118 
 
 
 
 
 Barley. 
 Maize. 
 Flour, wheat. 
 
 Free under reciprocity treaty. 
 
 Flour, r)''e. Rye. 
 
 Cornmeal. Wheat. 
 
 Oatmeal. Oats. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 CHILE. 
 
 57 
 
 
 Duty in 
 
 Chilean money and 
 
 Equivalents in United States 
 
 Articles. 
 
 
 weights. 
 
 
 currency and weights. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Per cent . 
 
 Oats .gross weight 
 
 Kilo 
 
 o6 
 
 Free 
 
 Per lb 
 
 0.025 
 
 Free, 
 Free 
 
 Rve 
 
 
 
 Free. 
 
 25 
 
 
 Pearl barley gross weight. . 
 
 Kilo. 
 
 .12 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 .05 
 
 25 
 
 Crackers, ordinary, for sailors 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 or troops gross weight . . 
 
 Quintal. 
 
 6. 50 
 
 35 
 
 Per cwt. 
 
 2.688 
 
 35 
 
 Crackers, fine, without sweet- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ening or lard, for state rooms, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 whose diameter exceeds 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 centimeters. . .gross weight. . 
 
 ...do,.. 
 
 8.70 
 
 35 
 
 ...do... 
 
 3.60 
 
 35 
 
 Same as last, whose diameter 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 does not exceed 8 centime- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ters gross weight. . 
 
 Kilo. 
 
 .35 
 
 35 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 . 145 
 
 35 
 
 Same, of any form or size, made 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with sweetening and lard. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gross weight . . 
 
 ...do.. 
 
 .50 
 
 35 
 
 ...do... 
 
 .207 
 
 35 
 
 Maize 
 
 
 
 Free. 
 Free 
 
 
 
 Free 
 
 Wheat flour gross weight. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Free. 
 
 Flour (meal) of oats, rye, maize, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and others. . . .gross weight. . 
 
 Kilo. 
 
 .15 
 
 25 
 
 Per lb. 
 
 . 062 
 
 25 
 
 COLOMBIA. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in Colombian money 
 and weights. 
 
 Duty in United States 
 currency and weights. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Flour, including cornmeal and all 
 similar products 
 
 Per kilogram. 
 ....do 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 0.05 
 
 . 01 
 
 Per pound. . . 
 ....do 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .oi6}4 
 •oo3>^ 
 
 Corn, rice, etc., and all classes of 
 ve<yetables 
 
 
 
 By law 88 of 1886 a horizontal increase of 25 per cent on this tariff was established. 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in money and weights 
 of Cosia Rica. 
 
 Duty in money and weights 
 of the United States. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Oats, maize, wheat,* barley, rye, 
 and others 
 
 Wheat flour, cornmeal, oatmeal, etc. 
 
 Crackers or biscuits, fine or ordi- 
 nary 
 
 Per kilogram. 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 .02 
 .04 
 
 .07 
 
 Per pound. . . 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dollars. 
 .006% 
 
 .013 
 
 .023 
 
 
 
 * By a decree of July 27, 1882, wheat for Don Rafael Iglesias shall pay only the fifth part of the cus- 
 toms dues and wharfage for ten years from the day his mill shall be ready for operation. 
 
58 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 ECUADOR. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in money and weights 
 of Ecuador. 
 
 Equivalents in United States 
 currency and weights. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Barley 
 
 Per kilogram. 
 do 
 
 Sucre. 
 .02 
 .02 
 .05 
 .02 
 
 Per pound. . . 
 
 ... do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dollars. 
 0.006^ 
 0.006^ 
 0. 016^ 
 0.006% 
 
 Indian corn 
 
 Flour (meal) of all kinds 
 
 Wheat 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 On all goods and articles not mentioned or specified a duty of 
 25 cents per kilogram in bulk is charged. 
 
 For the service of the national foreign debt an additional sur- 
 charge of 10 per cent shall be imposed on import duties. [This 
 surtax can not now be imposed until six months after the signing 
 any agreement for the settlement of the foreign debt.] 
 
 GUATEMALA. 
 
 Rye and maize are exempt from import duties. 
 
 Ten per cent shall be collected upon the value, according to 
 the original invoices, for the introduction of barley and wheat. 
 
 The following articles are subject to duty named, 70 per cent 
 upon their appraisement: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in Guatemalan money and 
 weights. 
 
 Duty in United States currency and 
 weights. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Appraise- 
 ment. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 "ni'- l^Se'Si"- 
 
 Duty. 
 
 70 per cent: 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 Crackers, common 
 or ordinary, gross 
 
 Quintal.. 
 Libra 
 
 do ... 
 
 Pesos. 
 2.50 
 
 .05 
 . 10 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 1.75 
 
 .03K 
 
 .07 
 .33 
 
 Per cwt 
 
 Per pound. 
 
 ....do 
 
 Per cwt . 
 
 Dollars. 
 I.813X 
 
 .036 
 .073 
 
 Dollars. 
 1.26 
 
 .025 
 
 .051 
 •239 
 
 Crackers, fine, with 
 or without sweet- 
 ening, gross 
 weight 
 
 25 per cent: 
 
 Wheat, gross weight. 
 
 Quintal . 
 
 
 
 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 59 
 
 GUIANA (British). 
 
 Bread, navy biscuit, or crackers, or other kinds per 100 
 
 pounds $0. 50 
 
 Corn, crushed feed and ground feed per bushel . . o. 10 
 
 Corn meal and oatmeal per 100 pounds . . o. 25 
 
 Flour, of all descriptions per barrel of 196 pounds. . i. 00 
 
 Grain of every description, not otherwise specified . per bushel . . o. 05 
 
 Oats per bushel. . o. 10 
 
 HONDURAS. 
 
 Oats, maize, etc., alimentary roots, comestibles unprepared, 
 wheat flour and others not specified (including corn meal, rye 
 flour, barley flour) are free of duty. 
 
 Barley decorticated or ground and crackers of all kinds pay 2 
 centavos per libra {i% cents per pound. United States value.) 
 
 HONDURAS (bRITISH). 
 
 Cents. 
 
 Bread, navy and pilot per loo pounds. . 40 
 
 Flour per barrel of 196 pounds. . 50 
 
 Oats per 100 pounds. . 10 
 
 All other goods, not free of duty and not otherwise charged 
 with any duty, according to the invoice value, including the cost 
 of the packages lo, per cent. 
 
 Indian corn is free of duty. 
 
 MEXICO. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Oats (gross weight) 
 
 Wheat flour, all grades (net weight). . 
 Flour of all other cereals,(gross weight 
 
 Maize (gross weight) 
 
 Crackers of all kinds (gross weight). . 
 
 Wheat and all kinds of grains not 
 
 specified (gross weight) 
 
 Duty in Mexican money, | Duty in United States cur- 
 weights and measures. rency, weights and measures. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Kilo.. 
 ...do. 
 ...do. 
 ...do. 
 
 ...do. 
 ...do. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Pesos. 
 . 01 
 . II 
 . 01 
 .01 
 .15 
 
 •05 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Per pound 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 do.. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Dollars. 
 .004. 
 .04 
 .004 
 .004 
 .054 
 
 .oiS 
 
6o 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 NICARAGUA. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in Nicaraguan money, 
 weights and measures. 
 
 Duty in United States cur- 
 rency, weights and measures. 
 
 
 Unit. • 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Biscuits or crackers of all kinds 
 
 Flour 
 
 Libra 
 
 do 
 
 Cvos. 
 
 .04 
 
 .01 
 
 Free. 
 
 Per pound. . . 
 ....do 
 
 Dollars. 
 .029 
 
 Grain and cereals not specified 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PERU. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in Peruvian 
 money and weights. 
 
 Unit. Valuation. Duty 
 
 Kilo 
 
 do 
 
 Oats (gross weight) 
 
 Barley, with the husks (gross 
 weight) 
 
 Rye (gross weight) 
 
 Barley, decorticated or pearl, in- 
 cluding the wrapping 
 
 Crackers, ordinary, without 
 sweetening or lard (gross 
 weight) 
 
 Same, fine, with or without sweet- 1 
 ening and biscuits of all kinds | 
 (gross weight) I ... do 
 
 Flour, wheaten, in barrels or 
 sacks (specific) 
 
 The same, called "molluelo," 
 firsts or seconds (specific). . . 
 
 Flour (meal) of oats or rye 
 (gross weight) 
 
 Corn meal (gross weight) 
 
 Flour of rice (gross weight). . . 
 
 Maize (gross weight) 
 
 "Wheat of all kinds (specific). . 
 
 .do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 ■ do 
 
 Soles. 
 .02 
 
 .02 
 . 02 
 
 .06 
 
 .40 
 
 , 10 
 
 05 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 02 
 
 Per cent. 
 ■ 10 
 
 40 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 Centavos 
 
 Per cent. 
 40 
 40 
 40 
 10 
 
 Centavos. 
 I 
 
 Equivalents in United States 
 currency and weights. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Pound. 
 
 . ..do .. 
 ...do .. 
 
 . ..do .. 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 ..do 
 ..do 
 ..do 
 
 Valuation. 
 
 Dollars. 
 0.006^ 
 
 0.006^ 
 o. 006^3 
 
 0.033 
 
 0-133 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Per cent. 
 10 
 
 40 
 
 65 
 
 ,do 
 
 65 
 Cents. 
 0.033 .OII>^ 
 
 O. 01673 
 
 0.033 
 0.033 
 
 o. 033 
 o. 006^ 
 
 0.006^ 
 
 .011^ 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 Cents. 
 •003K 
 
 SANTO DOMINGO. 
 
 The tariff upon certain breadstufFs under the recent reciprocity- 
 treaty with the United States, to go into effect September 1, 1891, 
 is as follows : 
 
 Corn or maize and corn meal Free. 
 
 Oats, barley, rye, and buckwheat, and flour of these cereals Free. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 6l 
 
 The rate of duty under the tariff, 60 per cent upon the valua- 
 tion (payable in Mexican dollars, the value of which in United 
 States currency on July i, 1891, was 80 cents) is as follows : 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Valuation in weights and 
 money of Santo Domingo. 
 
 Valuation in United 
 
 States currency and 
 
 weights. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Fine biscuits, called pilot .... 
 Ordinary biscuits, called navy 
 Fine biscuits — soda, butter, 
 oyster, sweet crackers, and 
 the like 
 
 Per quintal . . 
 ....do ....... 
 
 do 
 
 $8 
 6 
 
 16 
 
 Per cent . 
 ...do ... 
 
 ....do ... 
 
 2.903 
 2.177 
 
 5.806 
 
 60 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Barley (bushel, 48 pounds) per bushel . . 
 
 Barley, pearled per pound . . 
 
 Biscuits and crackers of all kinds 
 
 Corn, Indian (maize) per bushel (56 pounds). . 
 
 Flour (wheat) 
 
 Meal, corn per bushel (48 pounds). . 
 
 Meal, oat per pound . . 
 
 Oats per bushel (32 pounds). . 
 
 Rye per bushel (56 pounds) . . 
 
 Rye flour per pound . . 
 
 Wheat per bushel (60 pounds). . 
 
 Specific. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 I 
 
 15 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 25' 
 
 Ad valorem. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 20 
 25 
 
 URUGUAY. 
 
 Specific duties. 
 [i peso, Uruguay = $1.0352, United States ; i kilogn 
 
 2.2046 pounds.] 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in Uruguayan money and 
 weights. 
 
 Equivalents in United States 
 currency and weights. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Valuation. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Valuation. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 100 kilos. . . 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 Pesos. 
 1.35 
 .80 
 
 2. 70 
 .16 
 
 Per cwt. . . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Dollars. 
 0.634 
 
 .375 
 
 1.268 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 Wheat flour in casks or 
 baffs 
 
 .... do 
 
 8.00 
 
 .35 
 
 ....do 
 
 Per pound. . 
 
 3.756 
 . 164 
 
 Crackers, sweet, and 
 biscuit, including the 
 package 
 
 Kilogram.. 
 
 .075 
 
 
 
62 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Ad valorem duties. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Valuation. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Valuation. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Barley (gross weight).. 
 
 Rye (gross weight) 
 
 Crackers, common 
 (gross weight). 
 
 loo kilos. 
 Kilogram. 
 
 ... do 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 4.50 
 
 .05 
 
 . 12 
 . 10 
 
 Per cent. 
 31 
 31 
 
 44 
 31 
 
 Per cwt 
 
 Per pound. 
 
 .... do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Pesos. 
 2. II 
 .023 
 
 . 056 
 .047 
 
 Per cent. 
 31 
 31 
 
 44 
 31 
 
 Flour or meal of rye, 
 maize, or other com- 
 estible material 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 VENEZUELA. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in Venezuelan weights 
 and money . 
 
 Duty in United States cur- 
 rency and weights. 
 
 
 Unit. Duty. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Oats, barley, rye, wheat, and maize. . 
 Wheat flour .... 
 
 Per kilogram 
 do 
 
 Bolivares. 
 
 0. 10 
 
 .25 
 
 .75 
 
 . 10 
 
 ".25 
 .75 
 
 Per pound. 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do..... 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dollars. 
 0. 006^ 
 
 .0162^ 
 
 .05 
 
 .0062/^ 
 
 .0165^ 
 .05 
 
 
 do 
 
 Barley flour, and any others not. 
 specified. 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 Crackers with sweetening 
 
 Ho 
 
 
 By virtue of a decree of March 24, 1891, maize, rice, etc., 
 have been declared exempt from import duty from April 20, 
 1891, until new orders. The reestablishment of the import duties 
 on these articles will be announced a month in advance. 
 
 WEST INDIES (BRITISH). 
 
 JAMAICA. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Barley per bushel 
 
 Bread or biscuit per loo pounds 
 
 Corn, Indian per bushel 
 
 Flour, rye per barrel of 196 pounds 
 
 Flour, wheat do. . 
 
 Meal (not wheat meal) do. . 
 
 Oats per bushel 
 
 Wheat do. . 
 
 On all other goods, wares, merchandise, and effects of every 
 description, not previously enumerated, for every ;^ioo 
 value 
 
 Duty in Eng 
 lish money. 
 
 ! Duty 
 in United 
 States cur- 
 rency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 0.08 
 I. 46 
 
 .08 
 1.94^ 
 I-94K 
 
 •48^ 
 
 .08 
 
 60.83 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 63 
 
 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Biead, of all kinds barrel . . 
 
 Corn, of all kinds, including oats bushel. . 
 
 Flour barrel of 196 pounds. . 
 
 Meal, or other flour, not wheaten barrel. . 
 
 Equivalents 
 'n United 
 States cur- 
 rency. 
 
 ALL OTHER BRITISH WEST INDIES. 
 
 Bermuda 
 
 Bahamas 
 
 Turks Island. . . . 
 
 St. Lucia 
 
 St. Vincent 
 
 Barbados 
 
 Grenada 
 
 Virgin Island 
 
 St. Christopher / 
 
 Nevis \ 
 
 Antigua 
 
 Montserrat 
 
 Dominica 
 
 Indian corn^ and wheat,per p,^^^ ^^.^^^^^ ^^^ barrel . 
 
 Duty in Eng- 
 lish money. 
 
 (*) 
 Free. 
 
 Equivalent in 
 
 United Stats 
 
 currency. 
 
 *5 per cent ad valorem. 
 jWith 10 per cent ad valorem. 
 ;Per 100 pounds. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 {*) 
 
 Free. 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 tl2 
 12 
 12 
 
 Outy in Eng- 
 
 lish mon 
 
 ey. 
 
 s. d 
 
 (*) 
 
 
 t2 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Equivalent in 
 
 United States 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dolla 
 {*) 
 
 fo 
 
 61 
 
 91 
 01 
 
 97 
 01 
 
 97 
 
 or 
 
 21^ 
 
 48 
 
 21H 
 
 GRENADA (ADDITIONAL). 
 
 Duty in Eng- 
 lish money. 
 
 Bread per 100 pounds . . 
 
 Oats per bushel. . 
 
 Flours other than wheaten per barrel . . 
 
 Corn meal and oatmeal per 100 pounds. . 
 
 Equivalents 
 in United 
 States cur- 
 rency. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 48 
 12 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
()4 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 ST. VINCENT (additional). 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Bread per barrel 
 
 Other flours than wheaten do. . 
 
 j Equivalents 
 DutyinEng-! in United 
 lish money. | States cur- 
 rency. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 24 
 48 
 
 WEST INDIES (FRENCH). 
 
 GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIES. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Duty in French money and 
 weights. 
 
 Equivalents in United States 
 currency and weights. 
 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Francs. 
 2. 00 
 
 1. 00 
 
 2. 00 
 
 1. 00 
 
 2. 50 
 7.00 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 Barrel of 90 
 kilograms. 
 Hectoliter . . . 
 . do .... 
 
 Barrel of 198 
 
 pounds. 
 Per bushel . . 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Per cwt 
 
 . .do 
 
 Ad valorem. 
 
 Dollars. 
 0.386 
 
 068 
 
 Maize 
 
 Corn meal . . . . 
 
 .136 
 068 
 
 Oats 
 
 ... do 
 
 
 lookilogs. . . 
 do 
 
 Ad valorem. . 
 
 218 
 
 Grits and feculas, grains peeled and 
 
 hulled. 
 Alimentary roots and flourof manoic. . 
 
 .613 
 Per cent. 
 
 5 
 
 MARTINIQUE. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Sea octroi 
 dues. 
 
 Customs 
 dues. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Sea octroi 'Customs 
 dues, i dues. 
 
 Wheat: 
 
 Grain 
 
 Per 100 kilos, 
 
 net. 
 Per barrel of 88 
 
 kilograms. 
 
 Per 100 kilos, 
 
 net. 
 Per barrel of 88 
 
 kilogiams. 
 
 Per 100 kilos, 
 
 net. 
 do 
 
 Francs. 
 I. 00 
 
 2 40 
 
 1. 00 
 
 2. 40 
 
 I. 10 
 
 • 3. 00 
 1.75 
 
 0. 50 
 4.00 
 
 3- 00 
 
 Francs. 
 
 1. CO 
 
 2. 50 
 
 Per cwt 
 
 Per barrel f 
 193.6 pounds. 
 
 Per cwt 
 
 Per barrel f 
 193.6 pounds. 
 
 do 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 0. 08 7i 
 
 . 21 
 
 .o87i 
 
 .21 
 
 .096 
 
 .262 
 .153 
 
 .044 
 
 .35 
 .262 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 0. 08 7i 
 
 .218 
 
 Flour 
 
 Meslin and rye: 
 Grain 
 
 Flour 
 
 
 Maize: 
 
 Grain 
 
 
 Flour 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 Oats 
 
 ...do. 
 
 
 .do 
 
 
 Grits and feculas: 
 Flourof manioc 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 Others 
 
 do. . 
 
 
 ... do 
 
 
 Biscuits not sweet- 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 ened. 
 
 
 
 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 WEST INDIES (SPANISH). 
 
 65 
 
 The rates of duty in the Spanish West Indies under the recent 
 reciprocity treaty with the United States are as follows, provided 
 the imports be the product or manufacture of the United States 
 md proceed directly from the ports of said States : 
 
 Transitory and definitive schedule. 
 [September i, 1891.] 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Oats, barley, rye, buck- 
 wheat, and flour of these 
 cereals free. . 
 
 Corn or maize 
 
 Corn meal 
 
 Wheat from January i. 
 1892 
 
 Wheat flour from January 
 I, 1892 . . 
 
 Duty in Spanish West Indies currency and 
 weights. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Pei 100 kilograms 
 ... do 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 Free. 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 o. 25 
 
 .25 
 
 •30 
 
 I. 00 
 
 Duty in United States 
 currency and weights. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Percwt. . 
 ...do ... 
 
 ...do ... 
 
 ...do ... 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Free, 
 o. 105 
 .105 
 
 .126 
 
 .42 
 
 Definitive schedule (to go into effect July i, 1892). Bread and 
 crackers at a reduction of duty of 50 per cent. 
 
 The present tariff rate upon wheat, wheat flour, bread, and 
 crackers in these islands is: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Cuba: 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Wheat flour, including weight of 
 package 
 
 Bread, biscuit, or crackers 
 
 Puerto Rico: 
 
 Cereals 
 
 Flour of wheat 
 
 Crackers (ordinary) 
 
 Duty in money and weights of , Duty in United States 
 
 Spanish West Indies. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Per 100 kilos. . 
 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 
 .do. 
 ,do. 
 .do. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Pesos. 
 3.15 
 
 4.695 
 6. 30 
 
 .80 
 
 2.45 
 2.60 
 
 currency and weights. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Per cwt. 
 
 ...do... 
 ...do... 
 
 ...do... 
 ...do... 
 ...do... 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Dollars. 
 1.323 
 
 97 
 646 
 
 .336 
 1.025 
 I. 092 
 
 Bull. 35 5 
 
66 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS BREADSTUFF STATISTICS. 
 EXPORTS OF BREADSTUFFS FROM THE UNITED STATES TO EUROPE. 
 
 The table annexed shows the value of the export of breadstufFs 
 from the United States to the European countries indicated for 
 the four years 1887 ^^ 1891: 
 
 Corn and 
 cornmeal. 
 
 Oats and 
 oatmeal. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Other bread- 
 stuffs and 
 food prepa- 
 rations. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Belgium: 
 
 1887 . 
 
 1888 . 
 1889. 
 
 1890 . 
 
 1891 . 
 Denmark: 
 
 1887 . 
 
 1888 . 
 
 1890.. 
 
 1891 ., 
 France: 
 
 1887.. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1889 . 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891 . 
 Germany: 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888 . 
 
 1889 . 
 1890. 
 1891 . 
 
 England: 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 
 1889 . 
 
 1890 . 
 1891* 
 
 Scotland: 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888 . 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 i89it 
 Ireland: 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888 . 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890 . 
 
 i89it 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 714,681 
 
 622, 974 
 
 1,950, 118 
 
 2,018, 066 
 
 1, 323, 991 
 
 888, 790 
 450, 008 
 
 874. 905 
 
 2, 366, 831 
 460, 711 
 
 927,001 
 
 583. 270 
 
 3,027, 810 
 
 3, 576, 941 
 
 91, 668 
 
 1, 303, 127 
 498, 228 
 
 2,251,999 
 
 4, 824, 991 
 
 2, 042, 410 
 
 8.575.775 
 6, 276, 505 
 
 13, 801, 936 
 
 14, 725, 268 
 8, 232, 109 
 
 2,023,874 
 I, 560, 622 
 
 3, 113.492 
 3,001,031 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 60 
 
 447. 445 
 47.377 
 
 Dollars. 
 9, 442, 243 
 5,148.318 
 I. 713. 963 
 
 3, 065, 485 
 3, 850, 664 
 
 350, 380 
 
 336, 327 
 
 11,392 
 
 65 
 
 33 
 
 973, 378 
 
 19, 300 
 
 280 
 
 I, 164 
 
 1,166 
 
 37. 680 
 
 1.255 
 
 283, 802 
 82, 933 
 249, 707 
 929, 106 
 306, 137 
 
 69, 405 
 
 18,890 
 
 9,412 
 
 110,765 
 
 43. 530 
 
 17,471,763 
 3. 635. 303 
 6, 854, 189 
 3,233,618 
 
 12, 590, 322 
 
 833. 231 
 
 677, 069 
 
 10 
 
 7,926 
 
 295. 553 
 
 33, 331, 307 
 17, 185,642 
 
 8. 934, 505 
 16, 423, 235 
 29, 281, 400 
 
 3, 030, 825 
 3, 724, 430 
 I, 022, 840 
 3, 290, 580 
 
 1. 188, 834 
 196, 677 
 
 2, 874, 626 
 5.475,913 
 
 24, 000 
 
 11,865,856 
 14, 521, 790 
 18, 132,887 
 11.756,503 
 
 Dollars. 
 667, 921 
 726, 640 
 209, 468 
 808, 071 
 536, 826 
 
 3,791 
 5,983 
 2, 640 
 1,746 
 67, 283 
 
 1,668 
 
 34, 322 
 
 900 
 
 1,664 
 
 352.085 
 
 216, 238 
 
 221,078 
 
 66, 988 
 
 31,087 
 
 41, 039 
 
 21, 861, 798 
 
 23, 439, 741 
 15,203,402 
 20, 264, 837 
 33,781,917 
 
 9,841,047 
 II, 332, 626 
 
 7, 536, 541 
 II, 368,036 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 61, 119 
 
 II, 022 
 
 28, 702 
 
 567, 074 
 
 122, 061 
 
 1.247 
 
 1,454 
 
 1.867 
 
 44,919 
 
 2,316 
 
 Dollars. 
 10, 885, 964 
 
 6, 509, 014 
 
 3,902, 251 
 
 6, 906, 141 
 5, 880,919 
 
 1, 244, 208 
 
 793. 772 
 890, 804 
 
 2, 413, 496 
 573, 840 
 
 48,338 I 18,448.835 
 
 4, 254, 006 
 
 9,885,002 
 
 7. 787, 369 
 
 13,057,398 
 
 I, III 
 2,470 
 1,768 
 4,023 
 
 68, 407 
 
 25,827 
 
 97, 577 
 
 339, 442 
 
 147, 381 
 
 701, 819 
 108, 148 
 
 485, 872 
 583, 500 
 565, 442 
 
 86, 710 
 
 17,022 
 
 105, 581 
 
 279, 7" 
 
 2,421, 283 
 
 1, 423, 366 
 2,417,740 
 5, 241, 126 
 
 2, 528, 038 
 
 64, 754, 501 
 47, 092, 969 
 38,675,422 
 54, 925, 946 
 70, 167, 005 
 
 15,051, 861 
 i6, 653, 590 
 11,787,866 
 18, 050, 123 
 
 3, 205, 908 ! 16, 260, 598 
 
 3,035,031 12 17,753,510 
 
 2, 845, 367 181, 986 I 24, 034, 860 
 
 3,795,151 124,261 I 21,175,828 
 
 ■ Great Britain and Ireland. 
 
 t Not separately stated for 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 67 
 MISCELLANEOUS BREADSTUFF STATISTICS— Continued. 
 EXPORTS OF BREADSTUFFS FROM THE UNITED STATES TO EUROPE 
 
 Continued. 
 
 Sweden and 
 Norway 
 
 1887 • 
 
 1888 . 
 
 1889 • 
 i8go . 
 1891 
 
 Spain: 
 1887 
 
 Italy: 
 
 1890 
 1891 
 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 I89I 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 Portugal 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 Totals: 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Corn and 
 cornmeal. 
 
 Oats and 
 
 oatmeal. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 146, 289 
 
 8, 990 
 
 76, 652 
 
 108, 885 
 
 8,779 
 
 55, 294 
 
 175 
 
 19, 616 
 
 151, 580 
 
 46, 079 
 
 187,005 
 
 52, 024 
 
 III, 217 
 
 209, 394 
 
 65, 690 
 
 699, 221 
 
 488, 888 
 
 717, 823 
 
 I. 376, 245 
 
 I, 004, 470 
 
 254. 
 
 44 
 
 9,055 
 
 243, 817 
 
 16, 720, 145 
 10, 738, 372 
 28, 820, 232 
 37, 844, 200 
 13,519,724 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 67 
 
 [50, 116 
 
 1,048 
 976 
 
 185 
 
 79, 853 
 20,617 
 
 354, 667 
 104, 023 
 260, 503 
 752, 343 
 394, 686 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 22, 460 
 
 ' 8,387 
 
 2, 333. 105 
 
 1, 286, 979 
 
 30 
 
 31, 730 
 
 1,178 
 
 2, 168, 520 
 185,261 
 
 1,883,189 
 
 1, 892, 773 
 
 49, 615 
 305, 283 
 412,436 
 
 3,660,995 
 3, 835, 603 
 1,871,726 
 
 2, 520, 410 
 
 3, 428, 696 
 
 86,371,414 
 52,451,955 
 
 38,591.157 
 40, 634, 770 
 47, 912, 566 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 53. 770 
 91. 095 
 31, 534 
 60, 416 
 46, 718 
 
 II, 200 
 
 2,545 
 
 1.735 
 5,965 
 
 2,080 
 
 170 
 1.243 
 
 1.487.475 
 856, 124 
 
 484. 295 
 2,438,681 
 I. 364, 519 
 
 88,083 
 168, 003 
 96, 879 
 79. 821 
 29. 543 
 
 37, 440, 979 
 39,913,188 
 26, 478, 184 
 38,852,488 
 36, 225, 895 
 
 Other bread- 
 
 stuflFs and 
 food prepa- 
 rations. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 233 
 
 713 
 
 1,342 
 
 1.946 
 
 1,807 
 
 1,796 
 I, 069 
 
 504 
 19 
 
 200 
 
 1 10 
 
 228 
 
 1,132 
 
 13.637 
 
 456 
 
 13.427 
 17, 300 
 II, 669 
 
 49. 593 
 15,314 
 
 2,864 
 826 
 326 
 480 
 
 1.235 
 
 986, 070 
 184, 732 
 919, 028 
 2, 006, 350 
 860, 235 
 
 Total. 
 
 Dollars. 
 200, 292 
 123,258 
 109, 528 
 171,247 
 
 65, 691 
 
 2, 401, 395 ,. 
 
 1, 290, 768 
 
 20, 150 
 
 185,064 
 
 53,522 
 
 2, 357, 782 
 237.513 
 112, 519 
 
 374, 390 
 
 66, 146 
 
 4, 084, 360 
 
 3, 256, 061 
 1.263,587 
 4,249,655' 
 2,817,356 
 
 3, 752. 196 
 
 4, 004, 443 
 
 1, 968, 975 
 
 2, 609, 766 
 
 3, 703. 291 
 
 141,873,275 
 103, 392, 270 
 
 95, 069, 104 
 124,099,151 
 
 98, 913, 106 
 
68 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 The exports of breadstufFs from the United States for the year 
 1890-91 were as follows: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Barley .... 
 
 Corn 
 
 
 bushels., 
 
 do 
 
 973, 062 
 
 30, 768, 213 
 
 318.329 
 
 953, 010 
 
 7, 736, 873 
 
 332, 739 
 
 4,254 
 
 55,131,948 
 
 11,344,304 
 
 Dollars. 
 669, 203 
 17,652,687 
 
 946, 977 
 
 405. 708 
 221,316 
 
 Corn meal 
 
 Oats 
 
 
 barrels. . 
 
 Oatmeal 
 
 Rye 
 
 
 pounds. . 
 
 bushels. . 
 
 Rve flour 
 
 
 'barrels 
 
 18, 185 
 51,420,272 
 54,705,616 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Wheat flour 
 
 
 bushels. . 
 
 barrels. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 126,252, 125 
 
 
 
 EXPORTS OF BREADSTUFFS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The subjoined tabular statements give the exports of the prin- 
 cipal breadstufFs from the United States for eleven years to 1891, 
 inclusive, by the quantity : 
 
 Exports of principal breadstuffs from the United States by the quantity for eleven years. 
 
 Year end- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ing June 
 30— 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 flour. 
 
 Rye. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 1881.... 
 
 91,908,175 
 
 434, 993 
 
 402, 904 
 
 150, 565, 477 
 
 7, 945, 786 
 
 1,928,437 
 
 885, 246 
 
 1882 
 
 43,184,915 
 
 288, 492 
 
 625, 690 
 
 95, 271,802 
 
 5,915,686 
 
 973, 921 
 
 205, 930 
 
 1883.... 
 
 40, 586, 825 
 
 267, 207 
 
 461, 496 
 
 106, 385, 828 
 
 9, 205, 664 
 
 2, 170,026 
 
 433, 005 
 
 1884 
 
 45, 247, 490 
 
 252, 779 
 
 I, 760, 376 
 
 70, 349, 012 
 
 9, 152, 260 
 
 6, 220, 206 
 
 724, 955 
 
 1885 
 
 51,834,416 
 
 260, 510 
 
 4,191,692 
 
 84, 653, 714 
 
 10, 648, 145 
 
 2,950,558 
 
 629, 130 
 
 1886.... 
 
 63,655,433 
 
 293, 546 
 
 5, 672, 694 
 
 57, 759, 209 
 
 8, 179, 241 
 
 196, 725 
 
 252, 183 
 
 1887.... 
 
 40, 307, 252 
 
 265, 333 
 
 440, 283 
 
 loi, 971, 949 
 
 11,518,449 
 
 357.256 
 
 I, 305, 300 
 
 1888.... 
 
 24,278,417 
 
 270, 613 
 
 332, 564 
 
 65, 789, 261 
 
 11,963,574 
 
 78, 783 
 
 550, 884 
 
 1889 
 
 69, 592, 929 
 
 312, 186 
 
 624, 226 
 
 46, 414, 129 
 
 9, 374, 803 
 
 287, 252 
 
 I, 440, 321 
 
 1890 
 
 101,973,717 
 
 361, 248 
 
 13,692,776 
 
 54, 387, 767 
 
 12,231,711 
 
 2,257,377 
 
 1,408,311 
 
 1891 
 
 30, 768, 213 
 
 318, 329 
 
 953,010 
 
 55,131,948 
 
 11,344,304 
 
 332, 739 
 
 973, 062 
 
 The subjoined tables, from the Statistical Abstract of the United 
 States, show in detail its breadstuff production, consumption, and 
 commerce for twenty-two years : 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 69 
 
 Estimated annual production, acreage, total value, value per bushel, yield per acre, and value 
 per acre of the cereal crops of the United States, from i86g to i8(p, inclusive. 
 
 LFrom the Annual Reports of the Department of Agriculture.] 
 CORN. 
 
 Calendar year. 
 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889, 
 1890 
 
 Total production. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 874, 520, 000 
 I, 094, 255, 000 
 
 991, 898, 000 
 I, 092, 719, 000 
 
 932, 274, 000 
 
 850, 148, 500 
 I, 321, 069, 000 
 I, 283, 827, 500 
 1,342, 558,000 
 1,388, 218, 750 
 I, 547, 901, 790 
 1,717,434,543 
 I, 194, 916, 000 
 I, 617, 025, 100 
 I, 551,066,895 
 I, 795, 528, 000 
 I, 936, 176, 000 
 I, 665, 441, 000 
 I, 456, 161, 000 
 
 1, 987, 790, 000 
 
 2, 112, 892,000 
 I, 489, 970, 000 
 
 Total area of 
 crop. 
 
 Acre. 
 
 37, IQ3, 245 
 
 38, 646, 977 
 34,091, 137 
 35, 526, 836 
 
 39, 197, 148 
 41,036,818 
 44, 841, 371 
 
 49. 033, 364 
 50,369, 113 
 51,585,000 
 53,085,450 
 62, 317, 842 
 64, 262, 025 
 65,659,545 
 
 68, 301, 889 
 
 69, 683, 780 
 73, 130, 150 
 75, 694, 208 
 72, 392, 720 
 
 75, 972, 763 
 78, 326, 056 
 71, 970, 763 
 
 Total value of 
 crop. 
 
 Dollars. 
 658, 532, 700 
 601, 839, 030 
 478, 275, 900 
 435, 149, 290 
 447, 183,020 
 550,043,080 
 555,445,930 
 475,491,210 
 480, 643, 400 
 
 441,153,405 
 580, 486, 217 
 679,714,499 
 759,482,170 
 783, 867, 175 
 658,051,485 
 640, 735, 560 
 635, 674, 630 
 610, 311, 000 
 646, 106, 770 
 677, 561, 580 
 597,918,829 
 754,433,451 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 value per 
 
 yield per 
 
 bushel. 
 
 acre. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 75.3 
 
 23.6 
 
 54-9 
 
 28.3 
 
 48.2 
 
 29.1 
 
 39-8 
 
 30.7 
 
 48.0 
 
 23.8 
 
 64.7 
 
 20. 7 
 
 42.0 
 
 29.4 
 
 37.0 
 
 26. I 
 
 35.8 
 
 26.6 
 
 31.8 
 
 26.9 
 
 37.5 
 
 29.2 
 
 39-6 
 
 27.6 
 
 63.6 
 
 18.6 
 
 48.5 
 
 24.6 
 
 42.0 
 
 22. 7 
 
 36.0 
 
 25.8 
 
 33.0 
 
 26.5 
 
 36.6 
 
 22. 
 
 41.4 
 
 20. I 
 
 34.1 
 
 26.2 
 
 28.3 
 
 27.0 
 
 50.6 
 
 20.7 
 
 Average 
 value of 
 
 yield 
 per acre. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 17.75 
 
 15.57 
 
 14. 02 
 
 12. 24 
 
 II. 41 
 
 13.40 
 
 12.38 
 
 9.69 
 
 9.54 
 
 8.55 
 
 10.93 
 
 10.91 
 
 11.82 
 
 11.94 
 
 9.63 
 9.19 
 8.69 
 8.06 
 8.93 
 8.94 
 7.63 
 10.48 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 260, 146, 900 
 235, 884, 700 
 230, 722, 400 
 249, 997, 100 
 281, 254, 700 
 308, 102, 700 
 292, 136, 000 
 289, 856, 500 
 364, 194, 146 
 
 420, 122,400 
 448, 756, 630 
 498, 549. 868 
 383, 280, 090 
 504,185,470 
 
 421, 086, 160 
 512, 765,000 
 357, 112, 000 
 457, 218, 000 
 456, 329, 000 
 415, 868, 000 
 490, 560, 000 
 399, 262, 000 
 
 19, 181,004 
 
 18, 992, 591 
 
 19, 943, 893 
 
 20, 858, 359 
 22, 171, 676 
 24, 967, 027 
 26, 381, 512 
 27,627,021 
 26, 277, 546 
 32, 108, 560 
 32,545,950 
 37,986,717 
 37, 709, 020 
 37, 067, 194 
 
 36, 455, 595 
 39,475,885 
 34, 189, 246 
 
 36, 806, 184 
 
 37, 641, 783 
 
 37, 336, 138 
 
 38, 123, 859 
 36,087, 154 
 
 244, 924, 120 
 
 245, 865, 045 
 290,411, 820 
 310, 180, 375 
 323, 594, 805 
 291, 107, 895 
 294, 580, 990 
 300, 259, 300 
 
 394, 695, 779 
 326, 346, 424 
 497, 030, 142 
 474, 201, 850 
 456, 880, 427 
 445, 602, 125 
 383, 649, 282 
 330, 862, 260 
 275, 320, 390 
 314, 226, 020 
 310, 612, 960 
 385, 248, 030 
 342, 491, 707 
 334, 773, 678 
 
 94.1 
 
 13.5 
 
 104.2 
 
 12.4 
 
 125. 8 
 
 II. 5 
 
 124.0 
 
 II. 9 
 
 115. 
 
 12.7 
 
 94. I 
 
 12.3 
 
 100. 
 
 II. 
 
 103. I 
 
 10.5 
 
 108.2 
 
 13.9 1 
 
 77.7 
 
 13. 1 
 
 no. 8 
 
 13.8 
 
 95.1 
 
 13. 1 
 
 "9.3 
 
 10. 1 
 
 88.4 
 
 13.6 
 
 91. 
 
 II. 6 
 
 65.0 
 
 13.0 
 
 77.0 
 
 10. 4 
 
 68.7 
 
 12.4 
 
 68.1 
 
 12. I 
 
 87.3 
 
 II. I 
 
 69.8 
 
 12.9 
 
 83.8 
 
 II. I 
 
 12. 76 
 12.94 
 14.56 
 
 14.87 
 
 14-59 
 
 11.66 
 
 II. 16 
 
 10.86 
 
 15-02 
 
 10. 16 
 
 15.27 
 
 12.48 
 
 12.03 
 
 12.01 
 
 10. 56 
 
 8.38 
 
 8.05 
 
 8.54 
 
 8.25 
 
 10.30 
 
 8.98 
 
 9. 28 
 
70 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Cereal production of the United States^ etc., from i86j to i8go — Continued. 
 
 RYE. 
 
 Calendar year. 
 
 1867* 
 
 1868* 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 .t 
 
 1882 A 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1867 * 
 
 1868* 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 i88q 
 
 1984 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 Total production. 
 
 Bushels. 
 23, 184,000 
 22, 504, 800 
 
 22, 527, 900 
 15,473,600 
 15,365,500 
 
 14, 888, 600 
 
 15, 142, 000 
 14, 990, 900 
 17, 722, 100 
 
 20, 374, 800 
 
 21, 170, 100 
 25, 842, 790 
 
 23, 639, 460 
 
 24, 540, 829 
 
 20, 704, 950 
 29, 960, 037 
 28,058, 582 
 28, 640, 000 
 
 21, 756, 000 
 24, 489, 000 
 20, 693, 000 
 28,415,000 
 
 Total area of 
 crop. 
 
 A cres. 
 1,689,175 
 I, 651, 321 
 1,657,584 
 I, 176, 137 
 I, 069, 531 
 I, 048, 654 
 
 1,150,355 
 I, 116, 716 
 
 I, 359, 788 
 1,468,374 
 I, 412, 902 
 I, 622, 700 
 1,625,450 
 I, 767, 619 
 
 1, 789, 100 
 
 2, 227, 884 
 2, 314, 754 
 2, 343, 963 
 2, 129, 301 
 2, 129, 918 
 2, 053, 447 
 2, 364, 805 
 
 Total value of 
 crop. 
 
 Dollars. 
 32, 499, 700 
 28,683,677 
 21, 877, 294 
 12, 612, 605 
 12, 145, 646 
 11,363,693 
 
 11, 548, 126 
 
 12, 870, 411 
 13,631,900 
 
 13, 635, 826 
 
 12, 542, 895 
 
 13, 592, 826 
 
 15.507,431 
 18, 564, 560 
 19,327,415 
 18, 439, 194 
 16, 300, 503 
 
 14, 857, 040 
 
 12, 594, 820 
 
 13, 181, 330 
 II, 283, 140 
 16, 721, 869 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 value per 
 
 yield per 
 
 bushel. 
 
 acre. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 140. 2 
 
 13.7 
 
 127.4 
 
 13.6 
 
 97.1 
 
 13.5 
 
 81.5 
 
 13. I 
 
 79.0 
 
 14.3 
 
 76.3 
 
 14. I 
 
 76. 2 
 
 13-1 
 
 85.8 
 
 13.4 
 
 76.9 
 
 13.0 
 
 66.9 
 
 13.8 
 
 59-2 
 
 14.9 
 
 52.6 
 
 15.9 
 
 65.6 
 
 14.5 
 
 75.6 
 
 13-9 
 
 93.3 
 
 II. 6 
 
 61.5 
 
 13.4 
 
 58.0 
 
 12. I 
 
 52.0 
 
 • 12. 2 
 
 58.0 
 
 10. 2 
 
 53.8 
 
 II. 5 
 
 54.5 
 
 10. I 
 
 58.8 
 
 12.0 
 
 OATS. 
 
 Average 
 value of 
 
 yield 
 per acre. 
 
 Dollars. 
 19.24 
 
 17.37 
 13. 20 
 
 10. 72 
 
 11.35 
 10. 84 
 10. 04 
 
 n. 52 
 
 10. 02 
 9.28 
 
 8.87 
 8.38 
 
 9.54 
 10. 50 
 10. 80 
 8.28 
 7.04 
 6.34 
 5.92 
 
 6. 19 
 5.50 
 7.07 
 
 278, 
 254, 
 
 288, 
 
 247, 
 255, 
 271, 
 279, 
 240, 
 
 354, 
 420, 
 406, 
 413, 
 363, 
 417. 
 416, 
 488, 
 571, 
 583, 
 629, 
 624, 
 
 659, 
 701, 
 
 751, 
 523, 
 
 698,-000 
 060, 800 
 334,000 
 277, 400 
 743,000 
 747,000 
 340, 000 
 369, 000 
 317,500 
 884, 000 
 394, 000 
 578, 560 
 761, 320 
 885,380 
 481, 000 
 250, 610 
 302, 400 
 628, 000 
 409, 000 
 134,000 
 618, 000 
 735, 000 
 515,000 
 621, 000 
 
 10, 746, 416 
 9, 668, 736 
 9,461,441 
 8, 792, 395 
 
 8, 365, 809 
 
 9, 000, 769 
 9,751,700 
 
 10, 897, 412 
 11,915,075 
 13,358,908 
 
 12, 826, 148 
 
 13, 176, 500 
 12,683, 500 
 16,187,977 
 16, 831, 600 
 18, 494, 691 
 
 20, 324, 962 
 
 21, 300, 917 
 
 22, 783, 630 
 
 23, 658, 474 
 
 25, 920, 906 
 
 26, 998, 282 
 
 27, 462, 316 
 26, 431, 369 
 
 172,472,970 
 142, 484, 910 
 136, 347, 000 
 107, 136, 710 
 102, 570, 030 
 91,315,710 
 loi, 175, 750 
 125,047,530 
 129,499,930 
 112, 865, 900 
 118, 661, 550 
 loi, 945, 830 
 120, 533, 294 
 150, 243, 555 
 193, 198, 970 
 182, 978, 022 
 187, 040, 264 
 161, 528,470 
 179, 631, 860 
 186, 137, 930 
 200, 699, 790 
 195, 424, 240 
 171, 781, 008 
 222, 048, 486 
 
 61.9 
 
 1 
 25.9 
 
 55.9 
 
 26.3 
 
 47.6 
 
 30.4 
 
 43.3 
 
 28.1 
 
 40. I 
 
 30.5 
 
 33.6 
 
 30.1 
 
 37.4 
 
 27.7 
 
 52.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 36.5 
 
 29.7 
 
 35.1 
 
 24. 
 
 29. 2 
 
 31.6 
 
 24.6 
 
 31.4 
 
 33.1 
 
 38.7 
 
 36. 
 
 25.8 
 
 46.4 
 
 24.7 
 
 37.5 
 
 26.4 
 
 32.7 
 
 28.1 
 
 28.0 
 
 27.4 
 
 29. 
 
 27.6 
 
 28.8 
 
 26.4 
 
 30.4 
 
 25.4 
 
 33.3 
 
 25-9 
 
 22.9 
 
 27.4 
 
 42.4 
 
 19.8 
 
 16. 05 
 
 14.74 
 14.51 
 
 12. 18 
 12.26 
 10. 14 
 10.37 
 11.47 
 
 lo. 86 
 8.44 
 9.25 
 7.74 
 9- 50 
 9.28 
 
 11.48 
 9.89 
 9. 20 
 7.58 
 7.88 
 7.87 
 7.74 
 7.24 
 6.26 
 8.40 
 
 " Oregon not included. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 7» 
 
 Cereal production of the United States, etc., from 1867 to i8go — Continued. 
 
 BARLEY. 
 
 Calendar year. 
 
 1867* 
 1868* 
 1869. 
 1870. 
 1871. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1875- 
 1876. 
 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 
 Total production. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 25, 727, 000 
 22, 896, 100 
 28, 652, 200 
 
 26, 295, 400 
 26, 718, 500 
 26, 846, 400 
 32, 044, 491 
 32, 552, 500 
 36, 908, 600 
 38, 710, 500 
 34,441,400 
 42, 245, 630 
 
 40, 283, 100 
 45,165,346 
 
 41, 161,330 
 48, 952, 926 
 50, 136, 097 
 61, 203, 000 
 58, 360, 000 
 59,428, 000 
 56,812,000 
 63, 884, 000 
 
 Total area of 
 crop. 
 
 A cres. 
 1,131,217 
 
 937, 498 
 1,025,795 
 I, 108, 924 
 I, 177, 666 
 1,397,082 
 I, 387, 106 
 I, 580, 626 
 I, 789, 902 
 I, 766, 511 
 1,014, 654 
 I, 790, 400 
 I, 680, 700 
 
 I, 843, 329 
 
 1, 967, 510 
 
 2, 272, 103 
 2, 379, 009 
 2, 608, 818 
 
 2, 729, 359 
 2,652,957 
 2, 901, 953 
 2, 996, 382 
 
 Total value of 
 crop. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 22, 850, 130 
 29, 809, 931 
 
 23, 387, 909 
 22, 244, 584 
 
 21, 541, 777 
 19,837,773 
 
 29, 333, 529 
 
 29, 983, 769 
 
 29, 952, 082 
 25,735, no 
 
 22, 028, 644 
 24,483,315 
 
 23, 714, 444 
 
 30, 090, 742 
 33,862,513 
 
 30, 768, 015 
 29, 420, 423 
 
 29, 779, 179 
 32, 867, 696 
 
 31, 840, 510 
 29, 464, 390 
 
 37, 672, 032 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 yield 
 
 value per 
 
 bushel. 
 
 per acre. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 88.8 
 
 22. 7 
 
 130. 2 
 
 24.4 
 
 81.6 
 
 27.9 
 
 84.5 
 
 23.7 
 
 80.6 
 
 22.6 
 
 73.9 
 
 19.2 
 
 91-5 
 
 23. I 
 
 92.1 
 
 20.6 
 
 81.3 
 
 20.6 
 
 66.4 
 
 21.9 
 
 64. 
 
 21.3 
 
 58.0 
 
 23.6 
 
 58.9 
 
 24.0 
 
 66.6 
 
 24.5 
 
 82.3 
 
 20.9 
 
 62.9 
 
 21.5 
 
 58.7 
 
 21. I 
 
 49.0 
 
 23.5 
 
 56. 
 
 21.4 
 
 53.6 
 
 22. 4 
 
 51-9 
 
 19.6 
 
 59- 
 
 21.3 
 
 A verage 
 value of 
 
 yield 
 per acre. 
 
 Dollars. 
 20. 00 
 
 31-79 
 22.79 
 20. 05 
 18.29 
 14. 20 
 21.15 
 18.97 
 16.73 
 
 14-57 
 13.64 
 13.67 
 14. II 
 16.32 
 17. 21 
 
 13-54 
 12.38 
 11.42 
 12. 04 
 12.00 
 10.15 
 12.57 
 
 BUCKWHEAT. 
 
 1867* 
 1868* 
 1869. 
 1870. 
 1871. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1875. 
 1876. 
 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1879. 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 
 21, 359, 000 
 
 19, 863, 700 
 
 17,431, 100 
 
 9, 841, 500 
 
 8, 328, 700 
 
 8, 133, 500 
 
 7, 837, 700 
 
 8, 016, 600 
 10, 082, 100 
 
 9, 668, 800 
 
 10, 177,000 
 
 12, 246, 820 
 
 13, 140, 000 
 
 14,617,535 
 9, 486, 200 
 
 11,019,353 
 7, 668, 954 
 
 11, 116, 000 
 
 12, 626, 000 
 
 11, 869, 000 
 10, 844, 000 
 
 12, 050, 000 
 
 I, 227, 826 
 I, 113,993 
 I, 028, 693 
 536, 992 
 413,915 
 448, 497 
 454, 152 
 452, 590 
 575,530 
 666, 441 
 
 649, 923 
 673, 100 
 639, 900 
 822, 802 
 828,815 
 847, 112 
 857, 349 
 879, 403 
 914, 394 
 917,915 
 910, 506 
 912, 630 
 
 23, 469, 650 
 
 20, 814, 315 
 
 15,814,265 
 
 7, 725, 044 
 
 6, 900, 268 
 
 6, 747, 618 
 
 6, 382, 043 
 6,477,885 
 
 7, 166, 267 
 7,021, 498 
 6, 998, 810 
 6,454, 120 
 7,856, 191 
 8,682,488 
 
 8, 205, 705 
 8, 038, 862 
 6, 303, 980 
 6, 549, 020 
 
 7,057,363 
 6, 465, 120 
 
 6, 122, 320 
 
 7, 627, 647 
 
 109.9 
 
 17.4 
 
 104. 8 
 
 17.8 
 
 90,7 
 
 16. 9 
 
 78.4 
 
 18.3 
 
 82.8 
 
 20. I 
 
 82.9 
 
 18. I 
 
 81.4 
 
 17.2 
 
 80.8 
 
 17.7 
 
 71.0 
 
 17.5 
 
 72.6 
 
 14-5 
 
 68.7 
 
 15.6 
 
 52.7 
 
 18.2 
 
 59-8 
 
 20. 5 
 
 59-4 
 
 17.7 
 
 86.5 
 
 11.4 
 
 73- 
 
 13-0 
 
 82.0 
 
 8.9 
 
 59-0 
 
 12.6 
 
 56. 
 
 13.8 
 
 54-5 
 
 12.9 
 
 65.5 
 
 II. 9 
 
 63.3 
 
 13-2 
 
 19. II 
 
 18.68 
 15-37 
 14.38 
 16.67 
 15.04 
 14.05 
 14-31 
 12.45 
 10.53 
 
 10. 76 
 
 9-59 
 12.28 
 
 55 
 
 90 
 
 49 
 
 35 
 
 45 
 
 72 
 
 7-04 
 
 6.72 
 
 8.36 
 
 Oregon not included. 
 
72 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Cereal production of the United States, etc., from 1867 to i8go — Continued. 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Calendar year. 
 
 1867* 
 1868* 
 1869. . 
 1870.. 
 1871.. 
 1872. . 
 1873 • 
 1874.- 
 1875.- 
 1876.. 
 
 1877.. 
 1878.. 
 1879.. 
 1880. . 
 1881.. 
 1882.. 
 1883.. 
 1884.. 
 1885.. 
 1886.. 
 1887.. 
 1888.. 
 
 Total production. 
 
 Bushels. 
 1,329,729,400 
 1.450, 789,000 
 I, 491, 612, 100 
 I. 629, 027, 600 
 I, 528, 776, 100 
 I, 664, 331, 600 
 I, 538, 892, 891 
 
 1, 454, 180, 200 
 
 2, 032, 235, 300 
 
 1, 963, 422, 100 
 
 2, 178,934,646 
 2, 302, 254, 950 
 2, 437, 482, 300 
 2, 718, 193, 501 
 2, 066, 029, 570 
 2, 699, 394, 496 
 2,629, 319,088 
 2, 992, 880, 000 
 3,015.439,000 
 2, 842, 579,000 
 
 2, 660, 457, 000 
 
 3, 209, 742, 000 
 
 Total area of 
 
 Total value of 
 
 crops. 
 
 crops. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 65, 634, 444 
 
 I, 284, 037. 300 
 
 66, 715,926 
 
 I, 1 10, 500, 583 
 
 69,457.762 
 
 I, 101,884, 188 
 
 69, 254, 016 
 
 997,423,018 
 
 65,061,951 
 
 911,845,441 
 
 68, 280, 197 
 
 874, 594, 459 
 
 74,112,137 
 
 919,217,273 
 
 80, 051, 289 
 
 1,015,530.570 
 
 86,863, 178 
 
 1,030,277,099 
 
 93, 920, 619 
 
 935, 008, 844 
 
 93, 150,286 
 
 1,035,571-078 
 
 100, 956, 260 
 
 913, 975, 920 
 
 102, 260, 950 
 
 1,245,127.719 
 
 120,926,286 
 
 1,361,497,704 
 
 123, 388,070 
 
 I, 470, 957, 200 
 
 126, 568, 529 
 
 I, 469, 693, 393 
 
 130,633,556 
 
 I, 280, 765, 937 
 
 136, 292, 766 
 
 I, 184,311, 520 
 
 135,876,080 
 
 I, 143, 146, 759 
 
 141.859,656 
 
 I, 162, 161,910 
 
 141, 821, 315 
 
 I, 204, 289, 370 
 
 146, 281,000 
 
 I, 320, 255, 398 
 
 • Oregon not included. 
 
 Note.— The following are taken as the weights per bushel of the various cereals in this table: Com, 56 
 pounds ; wheat, 60 pounds ; rye, 56 pounds ; oats, 3a pounds ; barley, 48 pounds ; buckwheat, 48 pounds- 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 7S 
 
 •^ 
 
 Per cent- 
 age ex- 
 ported. 
 
 CO T^ M CO O^QO uo Tt N CO M rf r»oo u^ t>. w co en t^ 
 
 N r^O N cnvnC^minO r^N O^O u^vo c<^vO m w 
 
 Consump- 
 tion per 
 capita. 
 
 ^ cnvo r^ t^ Tj- cooo r^ «r» c<^ C>o r^iDMvo enoo 
 
 '§ir)TfT^'^Tfxr>TfiAu-)\r) inO ^O u->vO rf u") »/> irjvO '^ 
 
 h 
 
 If 
 
 M e<^oo 00 CO ir> N CO loco C^ O un m O u-)0 O^ O N 
 M d CO rto -^ Onco CO w lot^cnc^^O CM-t CO cnoo 
 
 <,"hH cn»r>NvOcococo vni-icoo r^o n Tt t^o ir> m m en 
 ^Nco cno^cnu-)C^ ooco Oco rj-co oo c^ co en 000 m -^ 
 ►^eOO HH woo wvO N wO cnN uo'^rt-M mcnt^M m 
 
 a r^ en en <5 0' 0" r^ m" N ci 00" ci co' 0" (5 o" ci envo' r^ m" en 
 ft:iOoo OOC>enM enr^t^vo m lOinOoovO O enwco O 
 ^MMM»-iMNe>ie^Ne^NenNcnenenwenenenena 
 
 Exports, domestic 
 and foreign. 
 
 \r> U1M OrfenOw cnco m i^O C^ \n yr> \r> -^ <^ \0 \n 
 en N en t^ M ^^co enu-)t^u->c>00 enOMOO i^en 
 t^ N r^ r^O u-i U-) rt N 00 enco en rfvo tj- i-i 
 
 ojMcot^iTiTfNMcn Ooo ri- »n r^ mo m en en r^ c« m m 
 ^TfO 0»r)»nM M lOTfinO'^m r^o 00 CM-h m co O co 
 
 a Tf en <5 ci ci envo" r^ en cf. d" cT co" M ei -^ ■^ d oo* c^o" 
 Cqmir)enir)C>r^r>.u-)0<-^oooo p< ^m eno^inwco O O 
 
 It 
 
 Is 
 
 vO Oco r^ t^CO M oco OOt^MrtMioQOMvOr^ 
 i^co en Tt r^oo t^O m m en t- u^co ent-i « OO »o-<i-N 
 00 M M ►- Tj-O M inco rt t^ a in Tl-vO N "^ Ttco CO »noo 
 
 "^ cT ei enoo* M d" o" ci •^ d" cJ m \n eT co" 0" o" o" ei en ci u-> 
 ^mmenent^r^O c^co tj-o ■^r^Mr^ooenbc^^ 
 ^o^t^Mco en'^co t^u-»M N t^HH M M o»nmoO t^co 
 
 CC) t-Tvo" en m' en en d^ »n ei oco" rf in m" ci r^ t^vo"vo" O" & 
 vo en en moo O Oco vO N tJ- 000 Oe^MinminM O'^ 0^ 
 w M N M M enpi c^ enTtTi-Ttenir>'^menTf"*Ttrj-en 
 
 1 
 
 Oco oi^t^co M cncoo PI t^M -^ >-i xr> Q MO r^ 
 
 r-»oo en ■* r^co eno MMOOOi-ii^Mi-iOOmrfe^ 
 
 _^0'«1-t^0 r^OM r^O M -rt -^ "^ent rtoo co mco 
 
 ^ u^ rC; d" M t^ Tt vd" d" 00' vo" M in r^ ci ci co" ci en in ei en 
 
 ^COvO M TfMvOvOvO ^<i CO MvOcO eniHOOCO tr>yC> CO 
 a N 00 Ttco M eno eneno-^wcoo wenciinMMin 
 
 ^ hT pT m' ei m' h^ ci t-T 
 
 Year 
 
 ending 
 
 June 
 
 30- 
 
 w PI en ^ mO r^co OO m p< en rf mo r^co OO w 
 t^r^t^t^r^r^r^t^r^ r^co oocococooococococo 0^0^ 
 cococococooococococooooococococococococoooco 
 
 
 88888888^8 as 8^R5 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 
 
 Ot^rtM r^t^O mM rfo ooO^mOOOOOOO 
 
 'iio""^pfr^'^pfoo ^pfo^ oOinvd"inpfoo oooopf 
 ^'i-co p< omO enmON m'^cococoo m m piooo 
 "^Mcot^OMMMenMMr^mpii-(Oi^»Hp< enco m n 
 
 tod'inOOMOpfo'^Ooo'coen'^M pfr^rComd"o 
 
 ^O en en Tt CO O Ooo O n ■^ Oco OMMmmmMOO 
 
 PI PI M p< PJ enw N enr)-rj-TfcnmTi-men'*rj-'<^Tl-en 
 
 3 
 
 O d M pi en rj- ino" t^co O 6 " PJ en rj- \r,''C) l^co O O 
 O t^r^r^r-«t^r^r^r>.r^ r^oo cooooooooococococo o 
 
74 
 
 ^ 
 
 •^ 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Per cent- 
 age ex- 
 ported. 
 
 
 CO e«^ en CO c«^ xno OvOuotnNNNcociMtO'^M 
 
 si 
 
 <,• w OvO vO U-.0 '^ COCO MOO rj-d ■^rJ-rfOoOOCO C?>CO 
 ^vO CO »n a a>0 M M COO COO OCO'^OOOOO M CO 
 
 "§N r^coiAdoocoovdooo M M d^r>.M ci r^cow n co 
 
 »Pie<NNaMNWNC<WCONNNeOCONNCOCOC< 
 
 Retained for home 
 consumption. 
 
 M MOO c^ ON -^M cor^r^Mcoo Om i-^n ^tr^r^c^ 
 ■"^•CMnoOOO Om m coincocor^inco u-.m w moo 
 Oi^u->M M u->M M cor^coirio-^w -^ 00 r^ a^ m 
 
 <A <^ <S c5o" •^ m' 0' in c5> rAcO m' rf iri "rf cT N r^ O tJ O 
 \jO OM c^oo M r^oooo -tOM ino i^inr^co 
 ►^c^O MO com€\| m coco COCO o COCO CO M 00 a^ IT) 
 
 Sci coo C40 M inQco coo u->u-)N m ^tOO OM^ 
 
 (S; r>.oo \r> xn Qs^ r^M loO "*?< mr^o rfr^ci com q "^ 
 
 CO OOcoco C4 M CO'^O M in>r>r^coO ■^C>0 ■^ 
 
 M M MMMMMMMMMMMMMMC^M 
 
 i 1. 
 
 G bo 
 
 it 
 
 r^ CO ^ T^O c^ M N r^cocoOO i^^tO'^a^O 
 
 OOlDMf^COCOCOM 1-1 a^M -^CO VOM IDMCOO t^O C^ 
 
 Tj- >o coco inO M CO CO M m tJ-O mco 1^ u-j 
 
 c^O coi^TtirnnO N N ^cico u-> r^O C>co O m 00 m 
 ^ 'I- r^ C4 inco c^ M u-> a^co r^rfrtiri'rj-r^pio ri "^m ^ 
 
 ►^mO t^M 00 C>0 MOO inO COO MQOCO COCOCO COO 
 
 Sm inO mO c^ i^r^Oco^i-M vnM rfM \n O coe^ 
 cq M CO ^ CO CO in r^oo CO O^ rf ^ n^ ino rt N i^ O co 
 
 M 
 
 § . 
 
 CO -^CO coco N CO 00 QO M C> Or^ •rfO CO M M 
 
 CJTtOcoQ OO^ONmO OC^cocoOOcoG^ONm 
 incomvnO u^I^'i- tJ-O ^ ^ ^ O r^u-)M mr^ ^O m 
 
 >5 <5o 0* d 0' d" cxT M ci 0' g^ IT) M m ci m" m oo" cT co a 
 
 ^ 00 lOQO mco N xnr^vno Ooo \r)r^coo^r^G^OOr~>. 
 "^•^coo^r^coM MOO lOM o>r>00 »nM Tj-M r^oo c> 
 
 to TfrfM^NNcTMcocioor-^r^rfr^M irio u-io r^ cT c> 
 
 ^t^d^OQ^cOiDNco Ti-oo •^ M On M »n 0^ coo U->0O M CO 
 
 00 G^ 0^00 CON cocOini^MO lot^ (OO ■^ 0^ M tT 
 
 M M MMMMMMMMMMMMMMNM 
 
 1 
 
 CO Ttoo cooo M CO 00 IT) M o^ Ti- 1^ -rfo CO M M 
 ^- CO rJ-O cob OO^O NO r^iriNoo OO O coO^O N m 
 ^»r>co»r)ioO r^O rfoo 00 m Ooo in m »n -i- tJ-O m 
 
 "S m'co" m"o'"co' m* 0' CO coco" in in -^ Tfo' o" i-^ ei m" ef 
 gcoMlno^>cou^cOMCou^r-ON mcoco 
 
 eq '-' 
 
 Year 
 
 ending 
 
 June 
 
 30- 
 
 M e^ CO --i- mo t^QO M N CO Tt tr,^o r^co O m 
 t^t^t^t^t^r^t^r^r-. r^oo cooocooocooooooooo 00 
 
 OOCOOOOOOOOOCOCOCOOOCOCOOOCOCOCOCOOOQOCOCOQO 
 mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 
 
 c 
 
 
 2 
 
 §§§§§I§I§SIS§§I^§§§§§§§ 
 
 ^Oinooo^coOt-^odoOMTfoinOcoo m MQefo 
 <^N inOM r-.rto c^ mM COM NO N r^'i-O oor->» 
 ^coNoo t->N M Oco incj OrfOO inM "^m r^co O 
 
 (i -^ rf M* ei N 0" M* CO ci co' r^ t^ Tt rC hT in o"" vno' t^ N (5 
 
 "Nt-^QNOOcoineioo Ttoo rt m m in coo moo m 00 
 
 CO Ooo CON cocomt^MO mt^ OO •^ O m -^^ 
 
 M M mMMMMMMMMMMMMMNM 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 : \ '.'.'.'.'.:'.'.:::'.'.'.:'.'.'•'. '. 
 
 M N CO -^ \n^ i^co M N CO ri- xT)^ r^oo O 
 r^r^r^t^i^r^r>r^r^ i^co oooooocooooooocooo 
 
 OOOOCOOOQOCOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOCOOOOOQOOOQO 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 IS 
 
 Quantities of wheat and wheat flour of domestic production exported front the United 
 States, by countries, from i86g to i8gi, inclusive. 
 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Belgium. 
 
 France. 
 
 Germany. 
 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 Whdat 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876.. 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890.. 
 
 189I 
 
 Bushels. 
 5,016 
 195. 964 
 942, 399 
 
 1, 275, lOI 
 
 100,054 
 
 3, 709, 694 
 2,081, 744 
 
 2, 190, 282 
 I, 410, 610 
 
 3, 633, 778 
 9, 037, 297 
 
 13, 418,016 
 
 15, 384, 509 
 8, 855, 842 
 
 10, 290, 564 
 6, 808, 449 
 8, 287, 470 
 
 4, 842, 934 
 10, 498, 727 
 
 5,925,077 
 I, 835, 942 
 
 3, 741, 303 
 
 4, 033, 382 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 3,404 
 
 15, 144 
 
 60, 433 
 
 4,341 
 
 305 
 
 72, 401 
 
 19,418 
 
 22, 806 
 
 13, 325 
 
 16, 933 
 
 44, 437 
 
 49, 261 
 
 182, 545 
 
 55, 748 
 
 119, 869 
 
 140, 272 
 
 138, 405 
 
 30, 044 
 
 166, 414 
 
 160, 524 
 
 47,417 
 170,094 
 115,896 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 36, 839 
 
 I, 012, 637 
 
 555,263 
 
 1,429,688 
 
 Barrels. 
 159 
 
 34, 271 
 
 47, 521 
 
 247 
 
 31 
 
 7, 260 
 
 I, 020 
 
 19 
 140 
 
 445 
 27, 075 
 
 9,933 
 46, 396 
 
 4,579 
 63, 223 
 II, 996 
 
 2,034 
 
 93 
 
 435 
 
 8,528 
 
 200 
 
 283 
 
 70, 134 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 21,961 
 
 317,289 
 
 149, 214 
 
 290, 737 
 
 164, 474 
 
 886, 485 
 
 373, 818 
 
 516, 156 
 
 990, 067 
 
 33, 573 
 
 422, 242 
 
 I, 223, 279 
 
 3, 029, 232 
 
 480, 600 
 
 I, 405, 999 
 
 886, 096 
 
 745, 561 
 
 356, 352 
 
 888,857 
 
 768, 429 
 
 9 
 
 8,786 
 
 263, 887 
 
 Barrels. 
 1,647 
 7,898 
 1,798 
 3,364 
 3,795 
 21, 910 
 
 7,929 
 14,113 
 10, 874 
 
 8,261 
 
 11,233 
 11,911 
 
 17,373 
 
 4,893 
 
 33, 645 
 
 34, 062 
 
 32, 398 
 
 10, 535 
 
 43, 499 
 
 45,912 
 
 13, 009 
 
 6,575 
 
 8,864 
 
 2, 223, 366 
 127, 009 
 521,041 
 874, 642 
 
 4, 337, 091 
 
 42, 147, 558 
 
 43, 601, 291 
 29,440,418 
 11,225,848 
 15,096, 712 
 
 8,385,155 
 8,565,129 
 
 2, 014, 404 
 19, 546, 090 
 
 4, 212, 947 
 7,655,176 
 
 3, 846, 505 
 13, 843, 054 
 
76 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Quantities of 7uheat and wheat Jlour of domestic production exported, etc. — Continued. 
 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30— 
 
 Netherlands. 
 
 Portugal. 
 
 Spain. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 1869 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 789 
 
 14,455 
 
 2, on 
 I, 148 
 
 674 
 
 26, 389 
 2,031 
 
 488 
 
 327 
 1,498 
 7,660 
 
 29, 929 
 253,625 
 109, 281 
 161, 637 
 
 139, 233 
 150,009 
 
 92, 296 
 308, 313 
 176, 195 
 
 92, 260 
 4^4, 108 
 292, 034 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 120, 880 
 
 701, 825 
 
 475, 856 
 
 426, 884 
 
 131, 129 
 
 300, 301 
 
 1,595,014 
 
 1,412,988 
 
 1,013,302 
 
 2, 178, 366 
 
 3,174,611 
 
 2, 196, 724 
 
 2,493,418 
 
 2, 508, 364 
 
 3, 490, 560 
 3,355,292 
 
 3, 763, 826 
 3,552,850 
 
 4, on, 406 
 
 4,276,519 
 I, 906, 732 
 2,812,483 
 3, 124, 648 
 
 Barrels. 
 6,530 
 13,678 
 8,509 
 4,648 
 1,970 
 
 886 
 11,941 
 12,885 
 
 8,270 
 16, 612 
 18,588 
 
 4,829 
 12, 698 
 
 6,077 
 
 3,627 
 
 4,465 
 II, 126 
 
 7,472 
 21, 723 
 42, 493 
 22,005 
 21, 409 
 
 5,730 
 
 Bushels. 
 45, 233 
 15, 960 
 
 121,145 
 
 800 
 
 7,508 
 
 5,083 
 
 23,608 
 
 Barrels. 
 19, 444 
 
 4,971 
 8, 119 
 250 
 800 
 5,009 
 I, 120 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 71,068 
 
 186, 885 
 
 244, 117 
 
 583, 508 
 
 3, 160, 435 
 
 1,572,098 
 
 2, 380, 260 
 
 420, 031 
 
 1, 183, 759 
 
 2, 406, 231 
 
 3, 345. 873 
 7. 361, 690 
 
 1, 288, 972 
 
 2, 293, 171 
 
 1, 065, 909 
 
 2, 065, 507 
 672, 175 
 
 2, 095, 633 
 
 2, 256, 761 
 
 56, 931 
 
 385, 170 
 
 380, 245 
 
 1877 
 
 34, 519 
 
 53,390 
 
 1,799,497 
 
 679, 121 
 29, 861 
 
 620, 451 
 
 1, 712, 504 
 
 64, 980 
 
 606, 885 
 
 1,008,958 
 
 2, 483, 664 
 I, 453, 649 
 
 30 
 
 34,800 
 
 I, 070 
 
 
 1878 
 
 1879. .•..•.. 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1, 123 
 46, 121 
 10, 012 
 
 1,489 
 . I, 824 
 
 2, 181 
 
 50 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 i88q 
 
 20a 
 
 2,557 
 570 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 400 
 1,150 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 77 
 
 Quantities of wheat and wheat Jloiir of domestic production exported, etc. — Continued. 
 
 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 
 Year ending 
 
 United K 
 
 'ingdom. 
 
 Other Europe. 
 
 Total Europe. 
 
 June 30 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barrets. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 13,356,550 
 27, 787, 609 
 
 407, 082 
 I, 188,951 
 
 
 14, 602 
 9,119 
 
 13, 586, 479 
 30, 102, 902 
 
 453.657 
 I, 288,487 
 
 550 
 
 1871 
 
 22, 488,021 
 
 I, 227, 624 
 
 I, 789 
 
 14, 486 
 
 24, 920, 572 
 
 I, 370, 501 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 19,017,411 
 31, 790, 876 
 51,833,278 
 
 328, 544 
 
 531,801 
 I, 703, 984 
 
 
 4.457 
 
 2,575 
 5.032 
 
 22, 684, 738 
 
 32, 777, 549 
 62, 172, 987 
 
 346, 999 
 
 541,951 
 
 1,842,871 
 
 
 54, 345 
 
 1875 
 
 42,057,004 
 
 1.231,324 
 
 11,959 
 
 6,056 
 
 47, 842, 254 
 
 I, 280, 839 
 
 1876 
 
 42, 256, 652 
 
 1,335,185 
 
 239. 284 
 
 6,914 
 
 49,516,663 
 
 1,392,410 
 
 1877 
 
 31, 202, 296 
 
 918, 283 
 
 45, 293 
 
 5,446 
 
 35, 990, 760 
 
 956, 665 
 
 1878 
 
 54, 664, 732 
 
 1,615,479 
 
 203, 966 
 
 15,177 
 
 66, 288, 655 
 
 1,675.528 
 
 1879 
 
 57, 419, 292 
 
 2, 629, 665 
 
 395, 605 
 
 71.333 
 
 116,802,333 
 
 2,856, 112 
 
 1880 
 
 79, 068, 075 
 
 3. 645, 952 
 
 1,305, 858 
 
 15.461 
 
 144. 838, 237 
 
 3. 777. 288 
 
 1881 
 
 82, 550,921 
 
 4,610,415 
 
 I, 290, 893 
 
 23,007 
 
 141, 580, 942 
 
 5. 147. 548 
 
 1882 
 
 65, 600, 582 
 
 3, 289, 909 
 
 681,441 
 
 9.591 
 
 91,262, 100 
 
 3,481,902 
 
 1883 
 
 65, 266, 803 
 
 5,717,429 
 
 942, 347 
 
 23. 825 
 
 100, 498, 660 
 
 6, 125,436 
 
 1884 
 
 44,761,690 
 
 5, 583, 843 
 
 544, 148 
 
 17,642 
 
 65.871,719 
 
 5.931.563 
 
 1885 
 
 56, 532,002 
 
 6, 807, 538 
 
 810, 182 
 
 45. 405 
 
 81,376,562 
 
 7,186,915 
 
 .1886 
 
 40, 678, 739 
 
 4, 914, 782 
 
 1,661,466 
 
 15.276 
 
 54. 787, 878 
 
 5, 070, 698 
 
 -1887 
 
 54,352,915 
 
 7,632,071 
 
 2, 947, 438 
 
 30, 066 
 
 96, 824, 730 
 
 8, 205, 078 
 
 1888 
 
 41, 332, 300 
 
 8, 070, 490 
 
 707, 984 
 
 32, 097 
 
 60, 933, 666 
 
 8, 536, 809 
 
 1889 
 
 31, 568, 536 
 
 5, 271, 344 
 
 67, 836 
 
 17.575 
 
 43, 091, 192 
 
 5,463,810 
 
 1890 
 
 38, 240, 523 
 
 7, 423. 988 
 
 124, 988 
 
 28, 431 
 
 49, 194, 558 
 
 8, 145. 288 
 
 1891 
 
 29, 820, 650 
 
 7, 037, 420 
 
 46, 367 
 
 31, 790 
 
 51,513.303 
 
 7, 563,018 
 
yS BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Quantities of to heat and wheat Jlour of domestic production exported, etc. — Continued. 
 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30- 
 
 British North American 
 Possessions. 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 West Indies. 
 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Barrels. 
 502, 679 
 532, 260 
 
 666, 842 
 
 530, 088 
 
 435. 435 
 441. 526 
 
 584. 385 
 538, 241 
 640, 801 
 423. 331 
 504. 920 
 277, 666 
 477, 885 
 373. 078 
 559.075 
 850, 184 
 815,970 
 507. 297 
 550, 698 
 572, 161 
 933. 354 
 839. 296 
 447, 648 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Wheat 
 flour. 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 189I 
 
 Bushels. 
 3, 383. 277 
 6,259.133 
 9,340, 178 
 
 3. 711. 542 
 
 6, 306, 840 
 
 8,721,303 
 5,032,981 
 5. 530, 637 
 
 4. 142, 424 
 
 5. 679, 107 
 5. 204, 033 
 
 7, 920, 248 
 
 8, 772, 993 
 
 3. 163, 971 
 5.331.935 
 
 4, 380, 987 
 
 3. 164. 274 
 2, 507, 495 
 
 4, 679, 169 
 4, 524, 849 
 1,851,925 
 2, 292, 716 
 2, 593, 093 
 
 Bushels. 
 234 
 66 
 6,872 
 
 Barrels. 
 31,611 
 29, 930 
 28, 501 
 28, 764 
 14,715 
 
 6,028 
 13,668 
 15, 048 
 11,188 
 21, 381 
 19, 967 
 
 9,299 
 11.657 
 11,938 
 21.513 
 21, 672 
 18, 165 
 18, 780 
 
 23, 218 
 
 24, 282 
 
 32,114 
 31, lOI 
 
 37. 584 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 *9. 410 
 *24, 500 
 
 *i7,44i 
 
 *IIO 
 
 t54. 333 
 
 t3, 005 
 
 1:27. 809 
 
 t24, 583 
 
 1:37, 296 
 
 t30, 386 
 
 20, 524 
 
 49. 420 
 
 25, 356 
 
 53.019 
 
 89, 659 
 
 43. 873 
 
 I. 831 
 
 5.685 
 
 3,243 
 
 28, 847 
 
 23, 648 
 
 35, 102 
 
 162,819 
 
 Barrels. 
 692, 292 
 819,113 
 857.433 
 552.634 
 719, 206 
 873. 931 
 
 888, 658 
 
 921, 496 
 
 744, 005 
 
 628, 160 
 
 810, 434 
 
 757.432 
 
 926, 958 
 
 702, 750 
 
 952, 741 
 
 877,817 
 
 962, 144 
 
 1,025, 721 
 
 977. 609 
 
 I, 181,038 
 
 I, 171, 281 
 
 1,226, 888 
 
 I, 186, 833 
 
 4 
 
 30, 330 
 
 
 9 
 
 17,091 
 
 5.087 
 
 165 
 
 107 
 
 4,663 
 
 1.384 
 
 34 
 
 71 
 
 487 
 
 30 
 
 3,307 
 
 2, 280 
 
 2,327 
 7,509 
 
 ♦Includes all French Possessions in America, British Guiana, British Honduras, Dutch Guiana, and 
 Denmark, 
 t Includes French Guiana, Dutch Guiana, British Honduras, and Denmark, 
 % Includes French Guiana. Dutch Guiana, and British Honduras. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. • 79 
 
 Quantities of lu heat and wheat Jlour of domestic production exported^ etc. — Continued. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30— 
 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 189I 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Central America. 
 
 Wheat. Wheat flour. 
 
 Bushels. 
 632 
 
 125 
 136 
 
 U633 
 
 168 
 
 4 
 160 
 42, 383 
 35. 696 
 25, 448 
 22, 249 
 45. 920 
 42, 753 
 44. 929 
 25.855 
 38, 496 
 56, 113 
 53. 049 
 
 56, 215 
 
 57, 896 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 34. 485 
 18, 235 
 33.611 
 
 48, 702 
 42, 329 
 
 49, 072 
 64. 137 
 57. 125 
 51. 811 
 73. 949 
 93. 772 
 
 115.855 
 111,255 
 
 98. 159 
 114.329 i 
 119, 786 ; 
 107, 707 j 
 128,087 I 
 137. 685 I 
 164, 889 I 
 163, 604 
 180, 091 
 228, 397 j 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Bushels. 
 10, 211 
 
 3 
 52, 523 
 
 18, 201 
 
 109 
 
 47,410 
 
 23. 861 
 
 4.995 
 
 41.913 
 
 149 
 
 415. 507 
 768, 234 
 580, 127 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 800 
 
 999 
 II 
 
 Barrels. 
 384. 134 
 376, 217 
 
 455. 673 
 382, 216 
 408, 648 
 531,379 
 599. 832 
 536, 180 
 482, 209 
 616, 132 
 717,377 
 537.914 
 
 677, 702 
 618, 908 
 
 739.441 
 649, 017 
 674, 230 
 542, 499 
 748. 937 
 584. 670 
 
 678, 972 
 687, 342 
 722, 369 
 
 Other South America. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Bushels. 
 51,932 
 36,516 
 
 21,579 
 
 22, 566 
 
 32, 894 
 
 60, 869 
 
 55.442 
 
 644 
 
 38, 250 
 
 156,687 
 
 178,565 
 
 362, 291 
 
 99. 059 
 7,981 
 3.265 
 1.584 
 3,372 
 2,376 
 
 87, 169 
 194, 971 
 
 398, 314 
 919, 099 
 121, 187 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Barrels. 
 70, 723 
 103, 647 
 115,146 
 114,568 
 181,293 
 205, 677 
 340, 509- 
 278, 164 
 216, 632 
 263, 326 
 285,925 
 256, 909= 
 276, 721 
 282, 178 
 298, 781 
 308, 173 
 
 355, 002 
 339. 575 
 342, 894 
 393. 410 
 389. 195 
 455.733 
 464, 033 
 
8o- BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Quantities of wheat and wheat Jlour of domestic production exported, etc. — Continued. 
 
 Vear ending 
 June 30— 
 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 1891 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Asia and Oceanica. 
 
 Wheat. Wheat flour 
 
 Bushels. 
 484,851 
 
 157,915 
 4,191 
 
 3,999 
 
 27, 326 
 
 44, 802 
 
 76, 833 
 
 427 
 
 107, 149 
 
 11,145 
 
 8, 428 
 
 24, 647 
 
 6,259 
 
 247, 007 
 
 28, 969 
 7, 010 
 
 34, 652 
 301, 934 
 134, 850 
 
 12, 759 
 574, 686 
 
 81,711 
 I, 890 
 
 Barrels. 
 214, 998 
 286, 395 
 121, 031 
 200, 979 
 202, 160 
 130, 441 
 
 178, 795 
 177,119 
 222, 141 
 209, 447 
 298, 504 
 254, 460 
 285.433 
 325, 249 
 350, 305 
 363, 159 
 497, 927 
 
 517, 509 
 501,456 
 476. 413 
 
 518, 512 
 636, 827 
 611, 066 
 
 All other countries. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Bushels. 
 31,442 
 2,451 
 
 73 
 
 3,403 
 
 11,847 
 
 9,716 
 169, 207 
 
 92, 583 
 
 22, 091 
 
 37,112 
 
 510, 703 
 
 338, 626 
 
 I, 052 
 
 4, 162 
 
 122, 504 
 
 162, 349 
 
 34,600 
 
 3.528 
 
 37, 805 
 
 94, 124 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 47, 294 
 
 9,049 
 
 5. 103 
 
 9,585 
 
 16, 349 
 
 13, 169 
 
 22, 305 
 19, 729 
 18,213 
 36, 079 
 42, 703 
 24, 596 
 30, 627 
 21,524 
 44, 043 
 30, 889 
 30, 085 
 
 29, 075 
 
 30, 874 
 29, 902 
 
 23, 961 
 29, 145 
 83, 356 
 
 Wheat. I Wheat flour. 
 
 Bushels. 
 17,557,836 
 36,584,115 
 
 34, 310, 906 
 26, 423, 080 
 
 39, 204, 285 
 61, 039, 928 
 53,047,177 
 55,073,122 
 
 40, 325, 611 
 72, 404, 961 
 
 122,353,936 
 153, 252, 795 
 
 150,565.477 
 95, 271, 802 
 
 106, 385, 828 
 70, 349, o;2 
 84, 653, 714 
 57, 759, 209 
 
 101,971,949 
 65, 789, 261 
 46, 414, 129 
 
 54, 387, 767 
 55.131,948 
 
 Barrels. 
 2,431,873 
 
 3, 463. 333 
 
 3, 653, 841 
 
 2,514,535 
 
 2, 562, 086 
 
 4, 094, 094 
 
 3. 973, 128 
 3,935,512 
 3, 343, 665 
 3, 947, 333 
 
 5, 629, 714 
 
 6, on, 419 
 
 7, 945, 786 
 5,915,686 
 9, 205, 664 
 9, 152, 260 
 
 10, 648, 145 
 
 8, 179, 241 
 11,518,449 
 11,963,574 
 
 9, 374, 803 
 12, 231, 711 
 11,344,304 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 81 
 
 Quantities of corn and corn meal of domestic production exported from the United States, 
 by countries, from j86g to i8go, inclusive. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30 — 
 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 
 1890 
 189I 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Belgium. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 II, 271 
 
 1,677 
 
 42, 974 
 
 84, 798 
 
 137.500 
 
 2, 500 
 
 315, 308 
 
 904, 614 
 
 1,341,946 
 
 2, 474, 934 
 2, 786, 685 
 1,039, 613 
 427. 355 
 544. 876 
 I, 469, 840 
 1,571.438 
 I, 474. 283 
 
 1, 117, 769 
 4, 009, 886 
 
 4. 793. 323 
 
 2, 356, 012 
 
 Corn meal.! 
 
 Barrels. 
 20 
 
 189 
 
 982 
 
 794 
 100 
 
 499 
 
 4 
 
 65 
 
 247 
 
 4 
 207 
 
 743 
 720 
 
 France. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 54. 849 
 
 237 
 
 •77.671 
 
 161, 496 
 
 134, 933 
 
 452, 951 
 
 346, 456 
 
 246, 629 
 
 1,363. 281 
 
 2, 872, 784 
 
 2, 564, 226 
 
 8. 573, 845 
 
 4. 987. 985 
 
 I, 344, 970 
 
 1,617, 903 
 
 1, 350, 807 
 
 2, 880, 532 
 7, 776, 482 
 1.958,750 
 I. 135. 861 
 6, 564, 952 
 8,481, 129 
 
 152, 177 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Barrels. 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 125 
 367 
 127 
 112 
 26 
 
 60 
 
 140 
 
 Germany. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Bushels. 
 119. 523 
 
 42, 570 
 113.728 
 736, 914 
 362, 550 
 825, 620 
 957. 322 
 741, 176 
 
 2, 136, 388 
 I, 968, 879 
 
 3. 894. 311 
 7. 589, 858 
 
 10, 320, 247 
 
 3, 647. 878 
 
 1, 869, 271 
 
 4, 228, 483 
 4,371.471 
 4,365,419 
 
 2, 638, 167 
 937, 627 
 
 4, 608, 481 
 11,419,063 
 
 3, 745, 574 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Barrels 
 232 
 
 25 
 
 140 
 
 36 
 
 10 
 401 
 904 
 
 90 
 
 I, 219 
 350 
 
 46 
 
 105 
 
 1,987 
 
 72 
 
 I 
 
 Bull. 35- 
 
82 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Quantities of corn and corn vieal of domestic production exported^ etc. — Continued. 
 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30— 
 
 Netherlands. 
 
 Portugal. 
 
 Spain. 
 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 Bushels. 
 100 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barrels. 
 25 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 291 
 
 564 
 
 2,465 
 
 8.955 
 
 10, 643 
 
 520 
 
 400 
 
 42.552 
 
 78,018 
 
 loi, 498 
 
 407, 478 
 
 2, 886, 908 
 
 304, 183 
 
 43, 543 
 
 266, 103 
 
 105, 197 
 109, 824 
 285, 925 
 109, 794 
 200 
 36. 346 
 350, 574 
 106, 159 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 
 
 302 
 
 1871 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 520 
 16, 150 
 26, 203 
 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 27. 892 
 
 50, 536 
 
 51.718 
 
 71.517 
 
 22, 504 
 
 149, 612 
 
 454, 968 
 
 464, 084 
 
 I. 175. 582 
 
 3, 614. 340 
 
 619, 292 
 
 600, 675 
 
 1,216, 271 
 
 I, 168, 349 
 
 I, 980, 537 
 
 1,453,066 
 
 872, 485 
 
 I, 468, 038 
 
 3. 367. 423 
 
 I, 750, 191 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 325 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 
 666, 345 
 
 216, 934 
 
 22, 823 
 
 1, 343, 269 
 
 2, 037, 690 
 514, 106 
 272, 962 
 441, 708 
 180, 679 
 
 95, 407 
 15.444 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1878 
 
 4 
 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 6 
 
 1,408 
 629 
 130 
 120 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 378 
 
 3,347 
 
 50 
 
 43 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 
 
 
 
 1885 
 
 1886.. 
 
 
 530 
 
 3 
 108 
 
 3 
 II 
 
 1887 
 
 
 no 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 358 
 100 
 459 
 
 
 
 20, 000 
 
 378, 572 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 83 
 
 Quantities of corn and corn meal of domestic production exported, etc. — Continued. 
 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30— 
 
 United Kingdom, 
 
 Other Europe. 
 
 Total Europe. 
 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Com meal. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874. 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 •• 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1-886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 4. 257. 591 
 
 40,900 
 
 5, 905, 445 
 
 25. 779. 331 
 
 29. 334. 759 
 
 26, 299, 323 
 
 23. 387. 367 
 42,452,240 
 55, 466, 435 
 65.915.851 
 64,506,311 
 55.635.347 
 53,014,142 
 28, 664, 924 
 
 30, 010, 671 
 
 26,436,771 
 32, 298, 606 
 37, 871, 149 
 
 24, 265, 983 
 14, 259, 487 
 41,096,727 
 54, 601, 034 
 14, 131, 181 
 
 Barrels. 
 4,304 
 6,363 
 1,220 
 
 1.757 
 
 935 
 
 1,757 
 
 4,016 
 
 279 
 
 9,492 
 
 7,088 
 
 4,808 
 
 17,434 
 
 8,879 
 
 1,070 
 
 6, 242 
 
 5.032 
 
 1,652 
 
 713 
 
 403 
 
 4,5-50 
 
 1,274 
 
 14, 041 
 
 19, 990 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 8,321 
 
 403 
 
 350 
 
 24, 349 
 
 20, 472 
 
 257, 078 
 
 60, 317 
 
 205, 855 
 
 1,252,719 
 3,861,314 
 
 2,415.697 
 
 8, 907, 793 
 6, 448, 772 
 2, 096, 018 
 
 899, 801 
 2, 176, 065 
 2, 743, 150 
 2, 088, 671 
 2, 558, 842 
 
 913, 812 
 2, 259, 421 
 6, 630, 143 
 
 913. 361 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 625 
 
 70 
 
 141 
 
 5,545 
 
 '"■'i,'638* 
 
 875 
 247 
 I, 152 
 181 
 291 
 164 
 
 295 
 460 
 190 
 346 
 317 
 185 
 181 
 827 
 
 Bushels. 
 4, 440, 675 
 
 84, 674 
 6, III, 450 
 
 26, 756, 764 
 29, 983, 070 
 
 27, 972, 008 
 24. 960, 879 
 
 44, 379, 801 
 60, 978, 695 
 76, 102, 731 
 76, 937, 322 
 89.281,957 
 81,990,460 
 37, 729, 200 
 36,133,487 
 36, 239, 149 
 
 45, 137, 179 
 55,955,065 
 34,458,885 
 19, 237, 241 
 60,043,851 
 89, 662, 689 
 23,533,227 
 
 Barrels. 
 4,641 
 6,705 
 1,876 
 
 1,859 
 
 1,343 
 
 7,663 
 
 4,228 
 
 1,942 
 
 10, 780 
 
 8,343 
 
 7,494 
 
 18,437 
 
 12, 007 
 
 6, 212 
 
 6,814 
 
 6, 192 
 
 2,507 
 
 3,114 
 
 1,317 
 
 4,743 
 
 2,031 
 
 16, 851 
 
 21, 171 
 
 
84 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Quantities of corn and corn tneal of domestic production exported, etc. — Continued, 
 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTBD. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30— 
 
 British Possessions in North 
 America. 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 West Indies. 
 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Com. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883.... 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 189I 
 
 Bushels. 
 2, 168, 144 
 729, 630 
 
 2, 970, 733 
 7, 329, 098 
 7,623,255 
 
 5, 348, 938 
 
 3, 292, 780 
 
 4, 033, 062 
 9,038,881 
 7, 633, 468 
 7,297,027 
 
 7, 187, 203 
 
 8, 127, 809 
 3, 890, 719 
 3, 195, 997 
 
 6, 384, 873 
 
 3, 483, 705 
 
 5, 474, 640 
 
 4, 109, 226 
 4,089,447 
 
 8, 074, 990 
 
 9, 694, 169 
 
 5, 023, 841 
 
 Barrels. 
 126, 218 
 
 39. 749 
 69, 287 
 146, 121 
 197, 070 
 183, 328 
 129, 124 
 154, 907 
 271, 820 
 232, 047 
 211,927 
 169, 131 
 182, 731 
 127,852 
 121,000 
 112,207 
 
 io6, 528 
 120, 117 
 132,653 
 135, 523 
 159, 347 
 188,411 
 122, 682 
 
 Bushels. 
 72,216 
 62, 859 
 
 173, 585 
 
 21,039 
 
 104, 146 
 
 55,881 
 
 9,862 
 
 93, 487 
 
 64, 776 
 
 288, 109 
 
 126,613 
 
 85, 702 
 
 352,510 
 
 419, 263 
 
 476, 453 
 
 I, 994, 776 
 
 2,058,937 
 
 I, 263, 953 
 
 894, 496 
 
 216, 468 
 
 434, 997 
 961,458 
 615,332 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 7 
 
 102 
 
 29 
 
 304 
 
 87 
 
 221 
 
 187 
 
 109 
 
 548 
 
 505 
 
 690 
 
 182 
 
 161 
 
 I, 560 
 
 1,919 
 
 2,445 
 
 1.089 
 
 1,386 
 
 901 
 
 799 
 1,202 
 2,256 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 * 335. 439 
 *448. 198 
 
 * 549, 288 
 
 * 325, 487 
 t 719, 617 
 t 933, 667 
 1519,284 
 X 847, 280 
 
 1:597,855 
 
 1:690,055 
 
 I, 293, 790 
 
 956, 368 
 
 887, 146 
 
 833, 210 
 
 576,978 
 
 513, 109 
 
 630, 935 
 
 589, 706 
 
 713, 861 
 
 516,964 
 
 620, 263 
 
 1, 193, 807 
 
 993, 633 
 
 Barrels. 
 176, 884 
 
 139, 368 
 
 140, 133 
 159, 220 
 189, 725 
 181,021 
 
 143, 144 
 181,758 
 137, 440 
 174,453 
 162, 660 
 147, 285 
 217,889 
 143, 971 
 125,871 
 122,818 
 135, 868 
 157,448 
 121,313 
 116,888 
 140, 682 
 146, 028 
 161, 393 
 
 * Includes all French Possessions in America, British Guiana, British Honduras, Dutch Guiana, and 
 Denmark, 
 t Includes French Guiana, Dutch Guiana, British Honduras, and Denmark. 
 $ Includes French Guiana, Dutch Guiana, and British Honduras. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 85 
 
 Quantities of corn and corn meal of domestic production exported, etc. — Continued. 
 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30 — 
 
 Central America. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Other South America. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 1869 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 120 
 
 294 
 
 4 
 
 396 
 
 61 
 
 208 
 
 22 
 
 77 
 
 33 
 
 175 
 
 185 
 
 135 
 
 561 
 
 160 
 
 211 
 
 124 
 
 124 
 
 232 
 
 144 
 
 516 
 
 603 
 
 563 
 
 387 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 3, 000 
 
 46, 992 
 
 600 
 
 8,788 
 
 29, 270 
 
 12, 202 
 
 14, 838 
 
 45. 163 
 2,410 
 
 167, 154 
 
 21, 680 
 
 62, 720 
 
 326 
 
 Barrels. 
 240 
 
 55 
 60 
 
 4 
 
 112 
 
 241 
 
 80 
 
 42 
 
 62 
 
 2, 100 
 
 150 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 Bushels. 
 21, 171 
 18,955 
 17,400 
 48, 328 
 
 54. 113 
 
 73.211 
 
 58, 185 
 
 82,455 
 
 172,857 
 
 263, 144 
 
 197, 946 
 
 165. 195 
 
 406, 286 
 
 281. 347 
 
 102, 191 
 
 80, 703 
 
 ■475. 455 
 
 259, 628 
 
 61, 270 
 
 60, 174 
 
 294, 482 
 
 281, 610 
 
 230, 036 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 485 
 
 440 
 
 191 
 
 I, 104 
 
 13. 996 
 
 14. 845 
 14. 133 
 14. 540 
 
 9, 266 
 12,977 
 10, 999 
 13,610 
 
 19. 977 
 9.185 
 
 10, 693 
 8, 920 
 
 11,988 
 9,230 
 7, 160 
 
 11,089 
 
 6,959 
 6,815 
 8,280 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 i«76 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 ....... 
 
 1882 
 
 260 
 205 
 
 I. 183 
 10, 744 
 
 8.394 
 392 
 
 5.683 
 
 1.479 
 
 2,929 
 
 18, no 
 107, 821 
 
 13. 743 
 
 14. 829 
 36, 291 
 
 6, 526 
 7.779 
 12, 991 
 39. 693 
 95.731 
 18, 805 
 82, 054 
 186.816 
 
 1883 
 
 
 35 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 52 
 
 25 
 
 115 
 
 869 
 
 179 
 
 23 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 10 
 
 i«86 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 202 
 3.256 
 
 453 
 51.152 
 38, 985 
 10, 341 
 
86 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 Quantities of corn and corn meal of domestic production exported, etc. — Continued. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30— 
 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 
 1890 
 189I 
 
 COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 
 
 Oceanica. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 925 
 314 
 048 
 850 
 876 
 845 
 
 496 
 
 537 
 
 21,323 
 
 18, 302 
 8,264 
 9,461 
 8,632 
 
 22,575 
 24, cx)7 
 
 19, 005 
 
 20, 426 
 55,874 
 47, 349 
 51,371 
 20, 679 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Barrtls. 
 
 239 
 
 77 
 
 4 
 
 278 
 
 33 
 480 
 250 
 
 1,450 
 5 
 347 
 627 
 803 
 667 
 262 
 119 
 164 
 
 1,380 
 331 
 
 All other countries. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 27 
 233 
 
 "3 
 
 16, 839 
 
 29, 460 
 
 2, 200 
 
 6, 641 
 
 3,534 
 
 312,971 
 
 382, 441 
 
 304, 609 
 
 121,631 
 
 6,886 
 
 56, 796 
 
 5,769 
 
 16,419 
 
 80, 243 
 
 6,138 
 
 6,065 
 
 7,040 
 
 7,574 
 
 154, 308 
 
 Corn meal. 
 
 Barrels. 
 498 
 241 
 
 103 
 222 
 381 
 222 
 
 537 
 305 
 2, 105 
 2,893 
 696 
 833 
 734 
 761 
 
 471 
 
 873 
 
 884 
 
 1,004 
 
 838 
 
 896 
 
 I. 199 
 
 2,137 
 
 Total. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 7, 047. 197 
 
 1,392,115 
 9, 826, 309 
 34,491,650 
 38,541,930 
 34, 434, 606 
 28, 858,420 
 49,493,572 
 70, 860, 983 
 
 85, 461,098 
 
 86, 296, 252 
 98, 169, 877 
 91. 908, 175 
 43,184,915 
 40, 586, 825 
 
 45, 247, 490 
 51,834,416 
 
 63,655,433 
 40, 307, 252 
 24,278,417 
 69, 592, 929 
 101,973,717 
 30, 768, 213 
 
 Com meal. 
 
 Barrels. 
 309, 867 
 187,093 
 211, 811 
 308, 840 
 403, III 
 387, 807 
 291, 654 
 
 354, 240 
 447, 907 
 432, 753 
 397, 160 
 350,613 
 
 434. 993 
 288, 942 
 267, 207 
 252, 779 
 260, 510 
 293, 546 
 265. 333 
 270, 613 
 312, 186 
 361. 248 
 318,329 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 87 
 
 PRODUCTION OF BREADSTUFFS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The production in bushels and the values of the principal bread- 
 stuffs in the United States for ten years is indicated in the state- 
 ment below, from reports of the United States Department of 
 Agriculture : 
 
 
 
 V».or 
 
 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 Production. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Production. 
 
 Value. 
 
 I88I 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 I89I 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bushels. 
 I, 194,916,000 
 I, 617, 025, 100 
 I, 551,066,895 
 1,795,528,000 
 1,936, 176,000 
 1,665,441,000 
 I, 456, 161, 000 
 
 1, 987, 790, 000 
 
 2, 112,892,000 
 1,489,970,000 
 2, 060, 154, 000 
 
 ! 
 
 Dollars. 
 759.482,170 
 
 783,867.175 
 658,051,485 
 640, 735. 560 
 635, 674, 360 
 610, 311,000 
 646, 106, 770 
 677, 561, 580 
 597, 918, 829 
 
 754.433,451 
 836, 439, 228 
 
 Bushels. 
 383, 280, 090 
 504,185,470 
 421,086,460 
 512, 765, 000 
 357, 112,000 
 457,218,000 
 456, 329, 000 
 415,868,000 
 490, 560, 000 
 399, 262, 000 
 611. 780,000 
 
 Dollars. 
 456, 880, 427 
 444. 602, 125 
 383, 649, 272 
 330, 862, 260 
 275, 320, 390 
 314, 226,020 
 310, 612, 960 
 385,248,030 
 342, 491, 707 
 
 334. 773. 678 
 513,472,711 
 
 Year. 
 
 881 
 882 
 883 
 884 
 885 
 886 
 887 
 888 
 889 
 890 
 891 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Production. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bushels. 
 416, 481, 000 
 488, 250, 610 
 571, 302,400 
 583, 628,000 
 629, 409, 000 
 624, 134, 000 
 659, 618, 000 
 701, 735, 000 
 751,515,000 
 523, 621, 000 
 738, 394, 000 
 
 Dollars. 
 193, 198, 970 
 182,978,022 
 187, 040, 264 
 161, 528, 470 
 179, 631, 860 
 186, 137.930 
 200, 699, 790 
 195, 424, 240 
 171, 781,008 
 222, 048, 486 
 232, 312, 267 
 
 Rye. 
 
 Production. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 20, 704, 950 
 29, 960, 037 
 28,058, 582 
 28, 640, 000 
 
 21, 756, 000 
 24, 489, 000 
 20, 693, 000 
 28, 415,000 
 
 Dollars. 
 19,327.415 
 18,439.194 
 16, 300, 503 
 14, 857,040 
 
 12, 594, 820 
 
 13, 181, 330 
 II, 283, 140 
 16, 721, 869 
 
88 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LANIN AMERICA. 
 
 The total wheat production of the world for 1889, 1890, and 
 1891 is indicated in the following tabular statements: 
 
 The world's wheat crop for i88g. 
 [From Report of the Department of Agriculture, Washington,] 
 
 Countries. 
 
 North America: 
 
 United States 
 
 Canada: 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 Other provinces. 
 
 South America: 
 
 Argentine Republic 
 
 Chile 
 
 Europe: 
 
 Austria-Hungary: 
 
 Austria , . . 
 
 Hungary 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Denmark 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland: 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Greece 
 
 Italy 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Roumania 
 
 Russia 
 
 Servia 
 
 Spain 
 
 Sweden and Norway: 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Norway 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Turkey and dependencies 
 
 Asia: 
 
 India 
 
 Asia Minor. 
 Persia . . . . 
 Syria 
 
 Africa: 
 
 Algeria 
 
 Egypt 
 
 Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 Australasia 
 
 Grand total for the world 
 
 Foreign measure. 
 
 Denomination. 
 
 Imp. bushels, 
 ...do 
 
 Hectoliters 
 ...do 
 
 Quintals. . . 
 Hectoliters 
 
 Imp. bushels 
 Cwts 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Chetverts . . 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 Hectoliters 
 ...do .... 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Tons 
 
 Hectoliters. 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Hectoliters 
 ...do 
 
 Number of units. 
 
 18, 699, 572 
 7,201,519 
 
 4,000, 000 
 4, 500, 000 
 
 25, 588,406 
 
 I, 460, 2] 
 
 73, 267, 007 
 1,436, 163 
 
 36, 592, 900 
 
 2, 000, 000 
 
 3,000, 000 
 
 15,783,208 
 
 31, 654, 800 
 
 26,651,000 
 
 1, 306, 800 
 100, 000 
 800,000 
 
 14, 000, 000 
 
 6,510,979 
 
 13, 000, 000 
 
 8,000,000 
 
 4, 500, 000 
 
 8,000,000 
 
 2, 800, 000 
 
 Winchester 
 bushels. 
 
 490, 560, 000 
 
 19, 288, 983 
 7,428,511 
 4, 500, 000 
 
 521,777,494 
 
 11, 350, 000 
 
 12, 768, 750. 
 
 24, 118, 750 
 
 42, 000, 000 
 
 94, 020, 333 
 
 19, 000, 000 
 
 5, 000, 000 
 
 316, 268, 369 
 
 82, 000, 000 
 
 75. 576, 383 
 
 2, 680, 838 
 5, 000, 000 
 
 103, 832, 354 
 
 5, 675, 000 
 
 8, 512, 500 
 
 44, 784, 853 
 
 188,535.989 
 
 5, 000, 000 
 
 75,622,213 
 
 3, 708, 045 
 283, 750 
 
 2, 270, 000 
 39, 725,000 
 
 I, 119,495,627 
 
 243. 076, 549 
 36, 887, 500 
 22, 500, 000 
 12, 768, 750 
 
 315, 232, 799 
 
 22, 500, 000 
 7, 945, 000 
 3, 800, 000 
 
 34, 245, 000 
 
 26, 205, 957 
 
 2, 041,075, 627 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 The world's wheat production in i8go. 
 
 89 
 
 Countries. 
 
 North America: 
 
 United States. . , 
 
 Canada 
 
 Ontario. . , 
 
 Other provinces. 
 
 South America: 
 
 Argentine Republic , 
 
 Chile 
 
 Europe: 
 
 Austria-Hungary — 
 
 Austria, , 
 
 Hungary 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Denmark 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland: 
 
 Great Britain , 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Greece 
 
 Italy 
 
 Netherlands , 
 
 Portugal , 
 
 Roumania 
 
 Russia in Europe (excluding 
 Poland) 
 
 Poland 
 
 Servia 
 
 Spain , 
 
 Sweden and Norway:. 
 
 Sweden , 
 
 Norway 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Turkey and dependencies 
 
 ASiA: 
 
 India 
 
 Asia Minor. 
 
 Persia 
 
 Syria 
 
 Africa: 
 
 Algeria 
 
 Cape Colony. 
 
 Egypt 
 
 Tunis 
 
 Australasia 
 
 Grand total for the world . 
 
 Foreign measure. 
 
 Denomination. 
 
 Imperial bushels. 
 
 Tons, metric. 
 Quarters. . . . 
 
 Quintals. . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Hectoliters. 
 Quarters.. . 
 Hectoliters, 
 Quarters. . . 
 
 Imperial bushels. 
 
 Cwt 
 
 Quarters 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 Quarters 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Chetverts . . 
 Hectoliters, 
 Quarters. . . 
 ...do 
 
 Hectoliters. 
 Quarters.. . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Tons of 2,240 lbs. 
 
 Quarters 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Quarters. . . 
 
 . . .do 
 
 ...do, 
 
 Hectoliters. 
 
 Number of units, 
 
 24, 460, 420 
 
 1, 135, 000 
 
 2, 250, 000 
 
 14, 000, 000 
 45, 000, 000 
 
 6, 898, 000 
 700, 000 
 
 [19,436,872 
 II, 500,000 
 
 73, 354, 484 
 I, 413, 964 
 I, 500, 000 
 
 44,631,100 
 
 750, 000 
 
 1,000, 000 
 
 7, 750, 000 
 
 33, 200, 000 
 4, 350, 000 
 I, 250, 000 
 
 8, 500, 000 
 
 I, 394, 200 
 
 50, 000 
 
 300, 000 
 
 4, 500, 000 
 
 6,-303, 900 
 4, 500, 000 
 2, 750, 000 
 I, 500, 000 
 
 2, 750, 000 
 
 450, 000 
 
 I, 000, 000 
 
 I, 500, 000 
 
 Winchester 
 bushels. 
 
 399, 262, 000 
 
 25,231,412 
 14, 000, 000 
 
 438,493 -112 
 
 41,703,683 
 18, 567, 360 
 
 60, 271, 043 
 
 51,440,667 
 
 165, 345, 000 
 
 19,573,075 
 
 5,776,512 
 
 338,902, 124 
 94, 899, 840 
 
 75,666,617 
 
 2, 639, 399 
 12, 378, 240 
 
 126, 640, 746 
 
 6, 189, 120 
 
 8, 252, 160 
 
 63, 954, 240 
 
 197, 739, 200 
 22, 343, 125 
 10, 315, 200 
 70, 143, 360 
 
 3, 956, 043 
 412, 608 
 
 2,475.648 
 37, 134, 720 
 
 316,177,644 
 
 235, 34'i, 600 
 37, 134, 720 
 22, 693, 440 
 12, 378, 240 
 
 307, 552,000 
 
 22, 693, 440 
 3,713,472 
 8, 252, 160 
 4, 256, 250 
 
 38, 915, 322 
 
 42, 480, 131 
 
 2, 203, 
 
 ), 552 
 
go 
 
 BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 World's wheat crop, i8gi. 
 [From Report of the Department of Agriculture.] 
 
 Countries. 
 
 Foreign measure. 
 
 Winchester 
 
 Denomination. Number of units. 
 
 bushels. 
 
 North America: 
 
 United States 
 
 
 
 *6ll, 780, 000 
 
 *33, 611,074 
 *23, 922, 598 
 
 Canada: 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Imperial bushels . 
 . .do 
 
 32, 584, 026 
 23, 191, 599 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 669,313,672 
 
 
 Metric tons 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 
 South America: 
 
 Argentine Republic 
 
 900, 000 
 5,000,000 
 
 33, 069, 000 
 14, 187, 500 
 
 Chile 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 47, 256, 500 
 
 Europe: 
 
 Austria-Hungary: 
 
 Austria 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 do 
 
 
 14, 500, 000 
 
 44, 500, 000 
 
 5, 000, 000 
 
 4, 850, 000 
 
 450, 000 
 
 81,889,070 
 
 44,495,000 
 
 72, 127, 263 
 
 1, 401, 127 
 2,000,000 
 
 44, 687, 900 
 
 450,000 
 
 1,000.000 
 
 18, 704, 382 
 
 28, 393, 000 
 
 2, 129, 100 
 2, 800, 000 
 
 25,145.055 
 
 I, 604, 000 
 
 50,000 
 
 1, 100, 000 
 
 4,000,000 
 
 41, 143, 750 
 
 *I26, 268, 750 
 
 14, 187, 500 
 
 40, 022, 976 
 
 3,713,472 
 
 *232, 360, 236 
 
 *I26, 254, 663 
 *74, 400, 714 
 
 *2, 615, 437 
 5,675,000 
 
 *I26, 801, 916 
 
 3.713.472 
 
 8, 252, 160 
 53, 073, 684 
 
 *i69, 108, 708 
 
 *I2, 680, 920 
 
 7, 945. 000 
 
 *7i, 349. 094 
 
 *4, 551, 350 
 
 412, 608 
 
 *4, 041, 766 
 
 33, 008, 640 
 
 Hungary 
 
 Belgium 
 
 do 
 
 Bulgaria 
 
 Quarters 
 
 . . . .do .... 
 
 
 France 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 do 
 
 Germany 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland: 
 Great Britain 
 
 Imperial bushels . 
 Cwts 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Greece 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 do 
 
 Italy . . : 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 Quarters 
 
 . .do 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Roumania 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 Chetverts 
 
 do 
 
 Russia in Europe (exclusive of 
 Poland) 
 
 Poland 
 
 Servia 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 . . do . 
 
 Spain 
 
 Sweden and Norway: 
 
 Sweden 
 
 do 
 
 Norway 
 
 Quarters 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Quarters 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 I, 161, 581, 716 
 
 
 Tons 
 
 
 Asia: 
 
 India 
 
 6, 842, 000 
 13, 050, 000 
 9,000,000 
 2, 500, 000 
 4, 350, 000 
 
 *255, 434, 667 
 37, 029, 375 
 74, 269, 440 
 20, 630, 400 
 12, 343, 125 
 
 Asia Minor 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 Quarters 
 
 Caucasus. . 
 
 Persia 
 
 . . do . 
 
 Syria 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 399, 707. 007 
 
 
 
 
 
 ♦Official, either final or preliminary. 
 
BREADSTUFFS IN LATIN AMERICA. 
 
 World's wheat crop, i8gi — Continued, 
 
 91 
 
 
 Foreign measure. 
 
 Winchester 
 
 
 Denomination. 
 
 Number of units. 
 
 bushels. 
 
 Africa: 
 
 Algeria 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 Quarters. 
 
 do 
 
 7, 500, 000 
 
 500, 000 
 
 I, 350, 000 
 
 I, 500,000 
 
 21, 281, 250 
 
 Cape Colony 
 
 4, 126, 080 
 
 
 II, 140, 416 
 4, 256, 250 
 
 tipj r 
 
 Tunis 
 
 Hectoliters 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 40. 803, 996 
 
 
 Impeirial bushels . 
 
 
 Austialasia . 
 
 32, 839, 505 
 
 *33. 874, 606 
 
 
 Grand total 
 
 
 2,352,537.497 
 
 
 
 
 * Official, either final or preliminary. « 
 
 In the foregoing table the figures not marked by a star are 
 commercial estimates. Many of the official estimates are pre- 
 liminary and are likely to be considerably changed by the final 
 statement. 
 
V'