rsity of California 
 ithern Regional 
 Lbrary Facility
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 THE 
 
 NORFOLK TOUR: 
 
 O R, 
 
 Traveller's Pocket Companion. 
 
 BEING 
 
 A CONCISE DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF ALL TH E 
 
 PRINCIPAL TOWNS, 
 
 NOBLEMENS AND GENTLEMENS SEATS. 
 And other REMARKABLE PLACES. 
 
 I N T H E 
 
 COUNTY of NORFOLK. 
 
 Compiled from the mod authentic Hiftorians and modern. 
 Travellers, and corrected to the prefent Time. 
 
 TO WHICH ARE ADDED, 
 
 An INDEX VILLARIS for the COUNTY, 
 
 AND A 
 
 Short Account of the chief Towns in. 
 SUFFOLK. 
 
 The Fifth EDITION, gr:at!y enlarged and improved. 
 
 Nefcio qua natalefoluTi dulcedine cunftos 
 Ducit, et immemores non finit effe fui. 
 
 NORWICH: 
 
 Printed and Sold by R. BEATNIFFE, in Cockey-Lane, 
 M.DCC.XCV.
 
 70 
 
 /7?^ 
 PREFACE. 
 
 X HE Hiftories of Norfolk, and its prin- 
 cipal Towns, are comprifed in fo many- 
 folios, quartos, and books of all fizes, as 
 colleftivcly are too voluminous and ex- 
 pcnfive, and feveral of them too fcarce, to 
 be eafily procured. Thefe, amongft other 
 reafons, have induced me to cornprefs into 
 as fmall a compafs as poflible, to be ufcful 
 to a Gentleman Traveller, an epitome of 
 what ieemed worthy of particular notice 
 in the county ; compiled from the labours 
 of Camdcn, Spelman, Blomefield, Parkin, 
 Swinden, Mackrell, Browne, Martin, and 
 others of lefs confcquence. In this edition 
 much has been added to the former de- 
 fcriptions of Norwich, Lynn, Yarmouth, 
 Thetford, and almoft every other place in 
 the county. The diftances in rnealured 
 miles, of every town in the county from 
 Norwich, has been corrected in more than 
 two hundred and fifty places, and with the 
 
 1202480
 
 IV 
 
 PREFACE, 
 
 Pert Roads, to many of the principal cities,, 
 and mahufaduiirg towns in England, will, 
 I am perfuideJ, prove cxtenfively ufeful, 
 and very cxaSl. The Parochial Lift of 
 the inhabitants at different periods, and the 
 Tables of Baptifms and Burials in Norwich, 
 from 1719 to 1 743 and 1784 to 1794, have 
 been extracted from manufcript papers, and 
 regular returns for the laft eleven yeai s. The 
 Lifts of Knights of the Shire, and Ke- 
 prd'cntatives for the City, from the Refto- 
 ration to the prefent time, with the ftate 
 of the poll at each contefted Ele&ion, have 
 in part been taken from different MS. co- 
 pies, compared with each other, and 1 be- 
 lieve are not to be found complete in any 
 other printed book. The Biography has 
 been considerably enlarged; and in fhort, 
 from the new materials interfpcrfed through 
 almoft every part, fince the publication of 
 the Fourth Edition, in 1786, THIS may 
 perhaps more properly be called a new work, 
 than the revifal of an old one. 
 
 If in making thefe numerous additions, 
 corrections and emendations, and endea- 
 vouring to notice ihofe changes which the 
 
 deftroying
 
 PREFACE. v 
 
 deftroying hand of Time, or the improve- 
 ment of modern Ingenuity daily occafion, 
 it mould be thought that I have feleftcd 
 feme things which might as well have been 
 omitted, and neglected others of greater 
 importance, I plead in excufe, that 1 do 
 not flatter myfelf fo far as to imagine, 
 that out of iiich an heterogeneous mafs 
 of materials as 1 have turned over, I can 
 have chofen thofc parts only which will be 
 approved of by every reader; I know 'tis 
 impofiible ; but having exerted my beft en- 
 deavours to compile an ufeful. and in fome 
 inftances, an entertaining Book, I am per- 
 fuaded that the fmaller dcfecls, of inelegance 
 of expremon, or literal error, will be cheer- 
 fully overlooked, and that the NORFOLK 
 TOUR will 'merit a continuance of that fa- 
 vourable reception which the former edi- 
 tions have fo amply experienced. 
 
 THE EDITOR. 
 
 NORWICH, 
 
 MARCH 2-,
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 22. line 14. for fall, read fail. p. 70. 1. 16. 
 for Oft. 21, r. Oa. 17. p. 77. 1. 14. for 33,00, r. 
 33,000. p. 1 19. 1. 8. dele, of.---p. 124. 1. 22. after 
 ejl> add pr#jul.-- p. 143. for indifputablc, r. indifputa- 
 bly> p. 151. 1. 4. for profleflions, r. procefllons, and 
 1. 17. for, rode on horfebackinafailor's habit, r. rode 
 in a Phaeton drawn by 4horfes. p. 250.!. 16. for con- 
 traft, r. contraft. p. 290. 1.14 for PHALRIS, r, 
 PHALARis;1.2o. for SETACcA,r. SETA CEA; and 
 1. 31. for HOLESTEUM, r.HoLOsxiUM. p. 292. 1". 
 ii. for HYPOPIYHYS, r. HYPOPITHYS. p. 294, 1. 
 4. for CREPJS, r. CREPIS. 
 ^ Page 26. line ij/cr, Sir Edmund, read, John.
 
 CONTENTS. vii 
 
 Page. 
 
 Page. 
 
 AYLSHAM - 272 
 
 NORWICH 60 
 
 Burgh Caftle - 55 
 
 Deftroyed by the Danes*6 1 
 It's antiquity - 62 
 
 Blickling - - 216 
 
 State of Cities at due 
 
 Caifter next Yarmouth 43 
 Caftor near Norwich 5^ 
 
 Conqueft - *6z 
 Prefent State of Nor- 
 wich - - 6c 
 
 Caftie Rifing 264 
 
 Wards - - 69 
 
 Cromer 269 
 Cockthorpe - 236 
 
 Boundary 70 
 Parochial Lift - 72: 
 
 CofTey - - 172 
 
 Baptifms and Burials *7i 
 
 Dereham, EaA - 259 
 Denron - - 234 
 
 Manufactures - 74 
 General Trade - 77 
 Reprefentatives from 
 
 Felbrigg 219 
 Fakenham - 266 
 
 1701 - - 79 
 Caftle - - 81 
 
 Faftolff, Sir John 48 
 
 St. AndrewVHall 89 
 Min^ay's Guild-feaft 92 
 
 Gunton Hall - 233 
 
 Guild-Hall - - 94 
 
 Gay wood - - 273 
 
 Aflembly-Houfe - 96 
 
 
 Theatre - .97 
 
 Hough ton - 173 
 
 Black Friar's Bridge 98 
 
 Holkham - - j-88 
 
 Duke's Palace - 99 
 
 Holt - - 268 
 
 Biftioprkk - - loo 
 
 Kimberlcy - 232 
 Knight* of the Shire 298 
 
 Cathedral - 102 
 Cloitter 108 
 St. Peter of Mancroft in 
 
 Langley Houfe - 231 
 
 St. Laurence's Church 1 13 
 
 LYNN REGIS 238 
 
 Norfolk Hofpital 1 1 c 
 Bethel - - 117 
 
 St. Margaret's Church 243 
 
 Public Library - 118 
 
 St. Nicholas Chapel 244 
 
 Summary View - 119 
 
 Theatre Aflembly- 
 
 Origin of Printing 120 
 
 Room - - ^245 
 
 Ditto of Cards and 
 
 TuefdayMarket-place 246 
 
 Paper - 114 
 
 Red Mount - - 248 
 
 Keels and Wherries 1 15 
 
 General Trade - 249 
 
 Kett's Rebellion - 117 
 
 Cure for Witchcraft 750 
 Mariner's Compafs 251 
 
 Life of Bifhop Lofinga 124 
 Bp. Bateman 116 
 
 L i fe of Wm . Watts 252 
 
 
 
 
 P<ir!ccr 1 20 
 
 Melton Conftable 227 
 
 Eifliop Hall 131
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 Life of Biftop Cofm i 39 
 
 , Dr. S. Clarke 140 
 
 Dr. Kay e - 142 
 
 Dr. Cunning- 
 ham - 145 
 
 Sir T. Browne 146 
 
 Dr. E. Browne 149 
 
 * John S-kelton 150 
 
 Pageant of Bp. Blaize 15 r 
 Remarkable Events 152 
 Members from 1660 
 to 1700 - 172 
 
 NARFORD - 219 
 
 Norfolk Plants - 289 
 
 Poft Roads from Nor- 
 wich to various pla- 
 ces - - 331 
 Rainham - 226 
 Raveningham - 234 
 Remarks on the Coun- 
 ty 281 
 Rivers and Broads 290 
 
 Swaffham - 261 
 
 St. Bennet's Monafte- 
 ry - - 276 
 
 Thetford - 
 Towns and Villages 
 Tn Norfolk - 323 
 
 Page. 
 216 
 
 23' 
 
 Wolterton 
 Weftwick 
 
 Warn am - - '* 
 Walfingham - - : 
 
 YARMOUTH 
 Origin or, by Swinden 
 Prdent State - 
 Privileges 
 Fifliing Fair 
 Boulter's Mufeum 
 Yarmouth Cart 
 1 he Quay 
 Bath and Public Room 1 8 
 St. Nicholas Church 19 
 Expences nf the Haven 22 
 Admiral Perebourne 24 
 Yarmouth Navy - 25 
 Yarmouth Ifland - 27 
 Attacked by the Infur- 
 
 gents 28 
 
 Plagues at - 29 
 
 I The Roads - 30 
 
 Addrds to Richard 
 
 Cromwel 
 
 Plains on the Beach 
 Paflage of Herrings 
 Manner of Fifhing 
 Origin of the Herring 
 
 FHhery 
 Naftie on Fifti and Fifh- 
 
 - 42 
 
 S U F F O L 
 
 BUNG AY 
 
 Bury St. Edmund's 
 Ipfwich 
 
 3'S 
 
 300 
 
 39 
 
 Newmarket 
 Sudbury 
 Woodbridge 
 
 K. 
 
 320 
 
 3'7 
 3'9
 
 THE 
 
 NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 THE moft ufual Route taken by travellers, in- 
 tending to make the Tour of Norfolk from the 
 Metropolis for pleafare, is by way of Chelmsford, 
 Witham and Colchefler, in Eflex ; Ipfwich, Wood- 
 bridge, Saxmundham, Yoxford and Loweftoft, in Suf- 
 folk, to 
 
 YARMOUTH. 
 
 THE Saxon name of this town was Jiermud, that is 
 the mourh of the River Garienis or Yare : the pre- 
 cife time of its being firft built, and whether it was 
 the ancient Garianonum of the Romans, where the 
 Stablefian Horfe lay in garrifon, to protect the coaft 
 from the predatory incurfions of the Northern pirates, 
 has employed the pens of our moft refpeftable topo- 
 graphical hiftorians, without fatisfying candid in- 
 quiry. 
 
 The Romans after remaining in pofTeffion of Eng- 
 land near 400 years, were in the year 420 withdrawn 
 from thefe and other diftant provinces, to the more 
 B immediate
 
 4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 immediate defence of Italy and Rome, againlt the fu- 
 rious incurfions of thofe barbarians, who under the 
 various names of Goths, Vandsls, Hunns and Nor- 
 mans, in prodigious fwarms, iffued from the forefts of 
 the uncultivated frozen regions of Denmark, Norway 
 and Sweden, now fo thinly inhabited;, over -ran 
 the moft civilized States of Europe, and with favage 
 barbarity deftroyed thofe monuments of antiquity, 
 which the riches and elegant tafte of an enlightened 
 people had been" collecting for a thoufand years. 
 
 The Britons and Romans after living together in 
 the fame ifland for near four hundred years, had fo far 
 affimilated as in a great meafure to become one peo- 
 ple, and accordingly, it has been faid, that when the 
 Roman Legions were withdrawn from thefe diftant, and 
 perhaps unprofitable pofleffions, many of the younger 
 and molt valuable natives accompanied them. Eng- 
 land thus deprived of its belt defenders, prefented a 
 fair and inviting field of plunder to every bold and 
 neceflitous adventurer. Foremoft of perfons of this 
 defcription flood CERDICK, called the war- like 
 Saxon, who with his fon Cenrick, and as many of 
 their forces as could be brought over in five (hips, 
 landed in the county of Norfolk, then constituting a 
 part of the province of the ICE NT, and fubduing its 
 inhabitants, fet fail from Yarmouth for the Welt, 
 where they founded the kingdom of the Weft Saxons, 
 and returning from this expedition about the year 
 495, inftead of fettling at Garianonum, (Burgh Caltle 
 according to Camden) built a new town upon the 
 moiit and watery field on the weft fide of the river 
 Garwms, and called it Jiermud, or Yarmouth, but 
 
 the
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 5 
 
 the fituation proving uawholefome, the inhabitants re- 
 moved to the oppofite fide of the river, then from 
 the fame Cerdick, called Cerdick-fand, and there 
 built the prefent Yarmouth, wherein according to 
 *Domefday-book, there were feventy Burgefles who 
 were Merchants and Traders at fea, in the time of 
 Edward the Confeffor, i. e. between the years 1042 
 and 1066. 
 
 The ftory preferved by Sir Henry Spelman, in the 
 Icenia, refpecling Lothbrock, being by a fudden tem- 
 peft driven from the coaft of Denmark, in a boat by 
 himfelf; his entering the Yare ; his palling by the 
 place where Yarmouth new Hands, and landing at 
 Keedham, where the court of Edmund King of the 
 Eaft Angles then was kept, is well known. But the 
 
 conclufion 
 
 * The ancient Notitia ef England, called Domefday-beok was 
 begun in 1081, and finished in 1086 ; it contains an exadl furvey 
 of all the cities, towns and villages in the fevcral counties, except 
 Northumberland, Cumberland, Weftmoreland, Durham, and part of 
 Lancashire, which it is laid were never fun eyed. It docs not only 
 account for the feveral Baronie*, knights' fcc$ and plough lands, 
 but gives all the number of families, men, foldiers, huftandmen, 
 fervants and cattle ; how much meadow, pa.'lure, woods, tillage, 
 common heath, ma(h, &c. every one poffeffed. In the front of 
 each county (rands a lift of tbe Lords of the foil ; that is the King 
 and a few of his Nobles. In the year 1785 this book was hand- 
 fomely ptinted in two volumes, royal folio, with a FAC SIMILE 
 type; and. a copy being given to each Member of both Houfes of 
 Parliament and the principal Officers of State, there is no longer 
 any danger of its being left or deftroyed. The fecond volume con- 
 tains Eflcx, Norfolk and Suffolk, the firft comprehending the re- 
 maining counties, thirty-three in number. 
 
 B 2
 
 6 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 conclusion drawn from this apparently fabulous tale, 
 does not feem warranted by the premifes, for grant- 
 ing that he entered the Yare and pafled by the place 
 where Yarmouth now Hands, undifcovered, it does not 
 necefTarily follow that no fuch town then exifted : for, 
 the breadth of the river, or sftuary, as it then was, 
 joined to the darknefsof a night; or the tempeftuous 
 agitation of the winds and waves, may eafily be fup- 
 pofed fufEcient impediments to his being heard, what- 
 ever efforts he might make. 
 
 Swinden modernifmg Sir Henry Spelman's Hiftory 
 of Yarmouth, as given in the Icenia, compared with 
 manufcript authorities in the Town, fays, " All the 
 " Records of Yarmouth univerfaJJy agree, that the 
 " place where Yarmouth now ftands was originally a 
 " fand in the fea, which by degrees appeared above 
 " water and became dry land ; that Fifhermen from 
 " different parts of England, efpecially the Cinque 
 " Ports, reforted here annually during the Herring 
 " Fifhery, and finding the place very convenient for 
 " their bufinefs, they erefted temporary Booths or 
 " Tents ; and he thinks this to have been the ftate 
 " cf Yarmouth at, or foon after the arrival of Cer- 
 " dick the Saxon, and his companions, in five (hips, 
 " in the year 495. That after this it became fa- 
 " rr.ous for the refort of Fifhermen from Norway, 
 " Holland, France, &c. That the firft Settlement 
 " or appearance of a Town was upon the weflern 
 ' bank of the River Yare, whence they removed 
 " becaufe it was unhealthy and perhaps inconveni- 
 " ent, and began to build houfes on Cerdick-fand, 
 * f but the time of this removal is not precifely afcer- 
 
 " tained
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 7 
 
 " Uined. The firfl houfes are faid to have been 
 " built upon Fuller's Hill, near where St. Nicholas 
 " Church now flands, proceeding northerly towards 
 " the Haven at Caifter. About the year 1066, the 
 *' Yare at Caifter began to be choaked up with fand, 
 " which induced the inhabitants to remove towards 
 " the South Channel, near Burgh-Caftle, the prefent 
 " harbour, by which means the Northern became in 
 " a great meafure deferted." This the fame author 
 fays, " happened at the time when Bifhop Herbert 
 " began to build St. Nicholas Church, that is, about 
 " the year 1123; that upon the entire ftoppage 
 *' of the North Haven, the town rncreafed very ra- 
 " pidly towards the South, and had not the inclofing 
 " it with a wall (began about 1284 and fini/hed 
 " ! 33^) prefcribed the limits, in all probability, St. 
 " Nicholas Church would have been at this time 
 " flanding alone." 
 
 In the 9fh year of the reign of King John, that is 
 1208, leave was given to the BurgefTes to choofe a Pro- 
 voft or chief Magiftrate from amongft themfelves, but 
 to be approved of by the King, and was made a Free 
 Borough upon paying to the King, 55!.* per annum, 
 in lieu of cuftoms arifing from the Port of Yarmouth. 
 The date of this Charter may properly be ftiled the 
 grand JEra. of Yarmouth, as hence, by gradual de- 
 grees, 
 
 * In confequne of Kcrkelcy Road being added to the bounds* 
 of Yarmouth; (in the 44th Year of the Reign of Edward III. 
 1370) it now pays 6ol. annually into the Exchequer, except the. 
 Land -tax. 
 
 B S
 
 8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 grees, it has become one of the firft Sea - ports in the 
 Kingdom. 
 
 Name, a native of Loweftoft, publifhed a pamphlet 
 in 1599, entitled " Nafhe's Lenten Stuff, containing 
 ' the defcription and firft Procreation of the Town 
 of Great Yarmouth, with a new Play of the Praife 
 " of Red Herrings." In his account of what he calls 
 the firft Procreation of the Town, there is nothing but 
 \vhat is more fully detailed in the two preceding pa- 
 ragraphs : In noticing the Haven, he fays, ' in the laft 
 * Fifhing feafon (1598), when I was there, 600 barks 
 ' and veffels of good burden, and of various nations, 
 ' were at once in the harbour between the bridge and 
 ' the fouth gate.' 
 
 YARMOUTH is a pleafant Sea-port town, at the 
 Eaftern extremity of the county of Norfolk, built in 
 the form of an oblong quadrangle of 133 acres, on a 
 peninfula ; it is encompafled on the South and Eaft 
 by the fea, on the North by the continent, and on 
 the Weft by the Yare, over which there is a handfome 
 draw-bridge,* (re-built in 1785 at the expence of 
 2, 1 50!,) which divides it from Suffolk. It extends ra- 
 ther more than a mile [1770 yards] along the river 
 from North to South, and is near three furlongs in 
 breadth [603 yards] from Eaft tp Weft, ftands near 
 two miles from the Haven's mouth to the S. and about 
 half a mile from the fea Eafhvard, has four principal 
 'ftreets running from North to South, and 156 narrow 
 
 lanes 
 
 The firft bridge was buih in 1417, before which. there had 
 been a ferry boat only. In 1553 the firft draw-bridge was built.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 9 
 
 lanes or rows, interfering them in the oppofite direc- 
 tion ; is encompafled with a wall on the Eaft,. North, 
 and South fides, 2,240 yards in length, having ten 
 gates and fixteen towers ; extends along the Eaft bank 
 of the river 2,030 yards, the whole circuit being 
 4,270 yards, or two miles and 75 yards; is faid to 
 contain 16000 inhabitants, and formerly to have been 
 one of the Cinque -ports. It is 123 miles N. E. of 
 London, and 22 miles E. of Norwich, long, i, 42 W. 
 lat. 52, 46, N. 
 
 Queen Anne by charter dated March 1 1 , 1 702, 
 being the 2?th granted to this town, fettled the form 
 of government as it continues to this day, that is, in 
 a Mayor annually eledled out of the 1 8 Aldermerr, 
 on the 29th of Auguft, and fworn into office Septem- 
 ber 2gth, upon which day an elegant entertainment is 
 given at the Hall, on the Quay, to the Corporation, 
 and the Mayor's particular friends. 
 
 The Corporation confifts of a Mayor, High-Stew- 
 ard, Recorder, Sub-fteward, 18 Aldermen, including 
 the Mayor, and 36 Common Councilmen, with a 
 Town Clerk, 2 Chamberlains, a Water Bailiff, and 
 other inferior officers. The Mayor, High-fteward, 
 Recorder, Sub-fteward, and fuch of the Aldermen as 
 have ferved the office of Mayor, are Juftices of Peace 
 for the Borough, during their continuance in their 
 refpeftive offices. 
 
 The fingularity of the mode of electing the Mayor 
 of this place feems to merit a fliort defcription. An 
 Inquefl of twelve perfons, chofen out of the Common.- 
 
 Councilmen,
 
 10 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Councilman, are fhut up cJofe in a room in the Town 
 Hall, without meat, drink, fire or candle, till there be 
 a majority of one mind. On thefe occafions a variety 
 of fhifts have been frequently practiced by the con- 
 tending parties, to ftarve or tire out their opponents. 
 
 Yarmouth fent reprefentatives to parliament in the 
 reign of Edward I, (Ed. reigned from 1271 to 1307) 
 which is as early as Norwich and Lynn : they are 
 chofen by the Freemen, in number about 800, who 
 are free by inheritance, fervitude or purchafe, and the 
 returning officer is the Mayor. The arms are, per pale 
 gules find argent, three demy lions empaling three her- 
 rings tails. The corporation has particular and ex- 
 tenfive privileges ; here is a Court of Record and 
 Admiralty, and the Mayor and Magillrates are con- 
 fervators of the Waveney to St. Olave's Bridge, 10 
 miles ; the Yare to Hardley-crofs, 10 miles ; and the 
 Bure to Weybridge, 10 miles ; within which limits the 
 laws of diftrefs and attachment can be executed by 
 their officers only : Up to one of thefe boundaries, 
 there is a grand aquatic proceffion in July every year, 
 when it is ufual particularly to drink to the Gentle- 
 man who it is intended Ihould ferve the office of mayor 
 for the enfuing year. A fair is annually held here on 
 Friday and Saturday in Eafter week. The markets 
 on Wednefday and Saturday, are plentifully fupplied, 
 particularly with fruits and vegetables, which are 
 remarkably good. The polite amufements of the 
 Theatre, Afiembly-room, and Concerts, during the 
 bathing feafon, render the residence of Grangers per- 
 agreeable; and thofe who are fond of fifhing, 
 
 {hooting,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. n 
 
 ftiooting, failing or bowling, will find ample oppor- 
 tunities of gratifying thofe inclinations. 
 
 The herrings come by the North Eaft off Scotland 
 in prodigious fhoals, and arrive on the coaft of Yar- 
 mouth about the 2Oth of September,* at which time 
 the fifhing fair begins, and continues till the 22d of 
 November ; when the herrings are no longer fit for 
 merchandife, at leaft not thofe that are taken here- 
 abouts. Every veflel that comes to fifh for the mer- 
 chants, from any part of England, is allowed to catch, 
 bring in, and fell their fifti, free of all duty or toll. 
 The average value of the Yarmouth filhing boats com- 
 pletely fitted for the fea, may be eftimated at 6ool. 
 each, fome of the largeft coft near loool; A fingle 
 boat has been known to bring in 12 laft of herrings 
 at one time; a laft is 10 barrels, or 10,000 herrings, 
 and when cured, are worth about 1 61. In the year 1784 
 fifty-five boats were fitted out from Yarmouth, forty 
 from Loweftoft, fifty from Whitby, Scarborough, &c. 
 and fixty-two came from Holland. In 1788 eighty- 
 feven Dutch Schuyts came to this fifhery. Each 
 boat carries eleven hands. 
 
 To thofe who take delight in feeing others pleafed, 
 without themfelves being particularly interefted in 
 what is going forward, it muft give much pleafure tobe- 
 hold the cheerful activity of the fifhermen on the beach, 
 when landing and carrying off the herrings. In 1580 
 two thoufand laft of herrings were brought into the 
 
 Haven 
 
 * The Dutch are obliged to be at Sea, and wet their Nets on 
 the lift of September. The Yarmouth Fiihermen feldom go out 
 before the z6th.
 
 12 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Haven in one tide ; and in 1593 the fifliing nets were 
 valued at 50,000!. 
 
 The veflels fitted out by the Merchants of Yarmouth 
 for the Herri ngFifhery, are decked boats of 40 or 50 
 tons burden; thofe which come from Scarborough, 
 Whitby, and other Northern Ports, and engage to fifh 
 for the Yarmouth Merchants and Tradefmen, during 
 the feafon, are open boats called Cobles, of about 20 
 tons burden, and generally bring in two or three lafts 
 of herrings every trip. Some years back feveral vef- 
 fels called Barks ufed to come to this fifliery from the 
 coafts of Kent and Suflex, but they have not lately 
 appeared. 
 
 About one hundred and fifty veflels, are employed 
 in this fifliery, and between 30 and 40 in the expor- 
 tation ; and when it is confidered what numbers of 
 people are always bufy on fhore, in faking, drying 
 and packing in the time of the fifliery, as alfo the em- 
 ployment it occafions during great part of the year to 
 the coopers and fhip-wrights, it may eafily be ima- 
 gined that this Filhery is of the firft confequence to 
 the town of Yarmouth. In the beginning of the 
 reign of King Charles II. Yarmouth employed 155 
 boats and barks, communibus aunts, in the North Sea 
 and Iceland Fiflieries. Fifty thoofand barrels or 5000 
 lafts, containing 50,000,000 of herrings are generally 
 taken and cured here in one year. Thefe herrings 
 are for the molt part exported by the Merchants of 
 Yarmouth, the reft by thofe of London, to Italy and 
 Spain. 
 
 Mackrel
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 13 
 
 *Mackrel arrive upon the Yarmouth coaft the latter 
 end of April and beginning of May, where they con- 
 tinue about fix weeks, during which time large quan- 
 tities are caught and fent principally to the London and 
 Norwich markets, where they meet with a ready fale: 
 
 Thefe fifheries, together with another to the North 
 Seas for white fHh, called North Sea Cod, a brifk 
 trade to Holland, France, Norway and the Baltic, for 
 deals, oak, pitch, tar, and all other naval ftores ; the 
 exportation of corn, malt, and flour which often a- 
 mounts to -f* three hundred and 33 thoufand quarters a 
 year ; the (hipping of the greater part of the fluffs 
 manufactured at Norwich for foreign markets j the 
 importation of coals, which is allowed to amount to 
 70,000 chaldrons annually, with other articles of mer- 
 chandife from the North, and the heavy goods from 
 London, configned to Norwich, Bungay, Beccles, &c, 
 all together occafion much bufinefs, and employ abun- 
 dance of hands and fhipping. 
 
 Befides fiftiing veflels, upwards of 300 (hips belong 
 to this port ; and the feamen, as well matters as ma- 
 riners, are juftly efteemed amongft the ableft and moil 
 expert navigators in England. 
 
 The fituation of this town is very commodious for 
 trade, the river Yare being navigable hence to Nor- 
 wich, which is 32 miles, for keels of fifty tons bur- 
 den ; befides, there is a navigation by the Waveney 
 
 * A Mackrel fent from Yarmouth in 1792, measured 17 inches 
 from the fnout to the tip point of the tail, S inches i-half round the 
 thickeft part, and weighed 25 ounces. This is to be considered as 
 one of the largeft fize, 
 
 f The average export of the years 1791, 1791 and 1793 was 
 267,378 quarters 5 value 446,796!. us.
 
 I 4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 to Bungay, the South parts of Norfolk, and the North 
 of Suffolk. 
 
 After viewing the Church, St. George's Chapel, 
 the Quay, Aflembly-houfe, the Fort and Batteries, 
 with perhaps a fleet of 50 or 60 merchant fhips under 
 fail, in various directions ; which is not at all an un- 
 common profpecl ; there is nothing in the town more 
 worthy of notice than Mr. BOULTER'S Mufeum in the 
 Market-place, who by great induftry, with much 
 tafte, and at a confiderable expence, has collected a 
 curious aflbrtment of Englifli and foreign birds, 
 {hells, corals, corallines and fea fans ; an aflfortment 
 of fpars, fluors, chryftals, agates, onyxes, fardonyxes, 
 porphyries, and other beautiful ftones ; petrified 
 fliells, corals, woods, ferns and other antediluvian re- 
 mains ; many fpecimens of ores, metals, fulphers, 
 falts and foffils ; fifh dried and in fpirits. Britifli, 
 Roman, Saxon and Englifli coins and medals in gold, 
 filver and coppe? ; antique bronzes ; carvings in 
 wood, ftone and ivory ; old feals, rings, amulets, fibu- 
 las, keys and fpurs ; old paintings on ivory, copper, 
 wood and canvas ; ancient weapons of war, and war- 
 like habiliments ; antique illuminations on vellum 
 and paper : pieces of ancient flained glafs ; brafs 
 figures and infcriptions ; Britifli celts, Roman urns, 
 pateras and lachrymatories, many warlike inflruments, 
 drefles, fifliing tackle, &c. brought from Otaheite and 
 other iflands in the great South Seas by the fhips 
 who went that voyage under the command of Captain 
 Cook. The whole commodioufly difpofed in a con- 
 venient room for view : and his fhnp may perhaps, 
 not inaptly be called, a neat magazine of modern 
 niceties.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. i s 
 
 'Mr. J. D. Downes has a large collection of valua- 
 ble Pigeons, and other Birds, well worth the notice 
 of the curious. 
 
 A traveller wifliing to fee this, town to advantage, 
 with refpect to amufement, fhould make k a vifit in 
 the bathing fealbn, during the months of July, Au- 
 guft or September, when a great deal of genteel com- 
 pany from London, moft parts of the county, and 
 Suffolk, aflemble here, either for the purpofe of health 
 or pleafure. 
 
 A cart of a Singular conflru&ion, adapted to the 
 narrownefs of the rows of this place, and ufed in no 
 other tow in England, merits a fhort defcription ; 
 efpecially as it is faid that more work may be done 
 with it, and at lefs expence, than with auy other car- 
 riage, in the fame'fpace of time. The length from the 
 tip of the fhafts, or firings, to the extreme of the feat 
 is twelve feet, the breath three feet and a half; the 
 wheels being two feet nine inches high, are fome- 
 tlmes made of one folid piece of poplar or am, five 
 inches thick, without tire ; but thefe are not fo much 
 in ufe as formerly : they are now generally made with 
 fpokes and fellies ; (hod with tire, the fpokes being 
 mortifed into the axletree, which is a cylindrical piece 
 of oak twelve inches thick, having an iron pin of 
 about an inch diameter, drove through the whole 
 length, and projecting about four inches at each end ; 
 thefe work in two flrong flaples fixed into the under 
 part of the firings or (hafts behind. Over the wheels 
 the feat is placed, upon which the company ride for 
 pleafure. The driver, with a (hort whip, (landing 
 C before
 
 i6 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 before upon the crofs ftaves of the cart, guides the horfe 
 with a rein. Thefe carriages are never drawn by 
 more than one horfe, the fhafts being fafiened to a 
 collar on the top of his fooulder*, the horfc having a 
 cart-iaddle on his back, ov^r which goes the back- 
 band. There are a number of thefe carts daily em- 
 ployed in carrying goods to and from the Hupping, 
 and about the town; they are varioufly conftruc~l- 
 ed according to 4Jie feveral purpofes of pleafure and 
 bufinefs, the brewers having them of greater length, 
 and thofe ufed for pleafure being lighter than the com- 
 mon work carts, which have two iron pins ftanding 
 upright through the feat, about nine inches long for 
 the conveniency of fattening goods to ; upon the feat 
 and crofs flaves at the bottom, the whole about fix 
 feet iia length, all kinds of goods are placed. In Sum- 
 mer, and particularly during the bathing feafon, a 
 number of thefe vehicles, which the people of Yar- 
 mouth dignify by the name of coaches, are let out to 
 company who vifit the town, and chufe an excurfion to 
 the Fort, an airing upon the Denes, or a jaunt into 
 the country. The carriages for thefe purpofes are 
 generally painted red, green or blue, and may be had 
 for a few hours for two millings, horfe and driver in- 
 cluded. The Horfes ufed here are remarkable good 
 trotters ; but from the uncouth conftruftion of the car- 
 riage, they feem to go thundering and blundering 
 down the harrow rows, which the carts fo exactly fit 
 as not to be overturned, and along the Itreets, in a very 
 difagreeable manner. In excurfions to the Fort, you 
 are drove over the Penes nearly all the way, from 
 
 whence
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 17 
 
 whence there is a moft charming profpedl of the Sea. 
 For a company to have been at Yarmouth, and not to 
 hare rode in one of thefe carts, to the haven's mouth, 
 the bath and the whole length of the quay, is to lofe 
 perhaps one of the greateft pleafures this town is able 
 to afford. Upon the whole the Yarmouth cart-coach 
 is the moil convenient, ufeful and whimfical carriage 
 ufed in the kingdom. 
 
 The O^uav is allowed to be the longeft and hand- 
 fomeit in Europe* that of Seville in Spain only 
 excepted, being 1014 yards from the South gate to the 
 bridge, above which, for fmaller veflels, it extends 
 1016 yardsy i, . the whole length is one mile 470 
 yards, and in fome places it is 1 50 yards in breadth : 
 from the bridge to the South gate, it is decorated by 
 a handfome range of building*, amongft which thfc 
 Affembly-houfe makes an elegant appearance ; add to 
 this, that aftive fpirit of induftry fo eminently confpi- 
 cuons amdngft all ranks* but efpecially the mercan- 
 tile people of Yarmouth upon the quay, and its be- 
 ing almolft the only agreeable walk in or near the place, 
 render it infinitely the pleafanteft part of the town, 
 and the beft fituation for trade. 
 
 The market-place is a handfome area, and if th? 
 houfcs fituated upon the Eaft fide were improved, it 
 would be inferior to few in the kingdom ; there alfo 
 wants a convenient filh market, and it is mocking to 
 fee butchers daily flaughtering calves, meep, &c. in the 
 centre of fuch an opulent town, reforted to by crowds 
 of genteel company from almoft every part of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 C t The
 
 i8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The Theatre erefted in 1778 at an expence of 
 i 500!. is a neat building, well adapted to the in- 
 tended purpofe ; it ftands on the fcite of a chapel for- 
 merly belonging to the Dutch congregation. The 
 Norwich company of comedians perform here for the 
 ft>ace of fix weeks in the winter feafon, and a fhort 
 time in the fummer. 
 
 The Bowling-greeu is pleafantly fituated upon the 
 Eaft bank of the river, and the afiembly-room being 
 open two nights in every week during the bathing 
 fcafon, agreeable entertainment can feldom be wanting. 
 
 The Bath-houfe was buiit in 1759, and coft near 
 aoocl. It ftands upon the beach, at about three fur- 
 longs diftance from St. George's Chapel. You enter 
 a neat room 18 feet by 20 having two windows fronting 
 the town and three next the fea, upon the right of the 
 entrance are four clofets, having each a door into the 
 bath-room. The Bath is 15 feet in length by 8 feet 
 wide ; this is the gentlemens apartment, and that ap- 
 propriated to the ufe of the ladies is fo much like it, 
 that a particular defcription is unneceffary. The fea 
 water is raifed every tide by the aififtance of a horfe- 
 mill into a refervoir, at about 50 yards diflance from 
 .Baths, into which it is conveyed by feparate pipes. 
 In fhort here is every conveniency to be deflred by 
 the Valetudinarian ; good accommodation, neatnefs and 
 civility, without being, " Too civil ly half." The 
 Angel and Wreftlers are good inns, and for thofe who 
 prefer private lodgings, there are plenty in the town, 
 neat, and to be had on reafonable terms, but in point 
 
 of
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 19 
 
 of plcafantnefs, thofe in the market-plaw have a de- 
 cided preference. 
 
 A handfome public-room was built adjoining to the 
 north end of the bath-houfe in 1788; it is 45 feet 
 long, 17 wide, and 1 5 high, having $ large windows in 
 a femicircular form fronting the Sea ; here the company 
 are accommodated with tea and coffee erery morninj 
 nd afternoon, a public breakfafting every Tuefday and 
 Friday, and occafkmal concerts during the bathing 
 feafon : the London and Country Newfpapers are pro- 
 vided ; and, there being no Coffee-room in the 
 town, it is an excellent lounging place, well calculated 
 agreeably to fill up that tedious vacuity, which too 
 often obtrudes upon a ftate of mere amui'emfint, at a 
 watering-place. The Subfcription is js for each 
 Gentleman, and zs. 6cf. for a Lady, during the* 
 feafon, to go to the room whenever they pleafe ; 
 and 9!. for tea, is. tea and coffee, and zs. 6d. 
 
 each concert, ta occaiiorial vifitors. 
 oii'/T? IT? - .ic; 'f.iF-'r . * . -,**. ,.r ftr/a 'trot 
 The Jetty clofe to the bath-houfe is 1 10 paces in 
 length and 24 feet broad at the heaJ, (where there 
 i a crane) gradually decreafmg to 7 feet on the land 
 fide j. the fea breezes keep it cool, and the lively fcene 
 of (hips almoft perpetual y unier fail, int various di- 
 reftions, render it a moft defiiable walk after bathing. 
 
 St. Nicholas Church was founded by Herbert de 
 Lozinga the firft Bifliop of Norwich, about the year 
 1113, greatly enlarged in 1250, and the following 
 year dedicatttf ta St. Nicholas, the patron of fifher- 
 
 C j men. 
 
 I
 
 io THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 men. It coniifts of three alles ; the middle remarka- 
 bly the leaft both in height and breadth, but ia 
 length it extends further towards the Eaft than the 
 other two, being i$o feet from Eaft to Weft. The 
 breadth of the three ailei together is 108 feet. It i 
 a ipacious but not very neat church. The fpire ap 
 peart crcoked in every direction, and with the tower 
 ia iS6 feet high, ferving for a very good fea-mark. 
 At the Eaft end of the middle a le Hands the com* 
 munion table, where before the Reformation flood the 
 great or high altar, and over it, a loft or perch called 
 the Rood-loft, which fupported a large crucifix, be- 
 hind which was a veftry. The Rood-loft, was creeled 
 by Roger de Haddefco, prior of St. Olave's in i j;o, 
 and ornamented with curious decorations and devices, 
 at his own expence ; it was called, "Opus fre- 
 *' tiofi'.m cirea magnum altare," i. e. *' the precious or 
 coftly work about the great altar," and when light- 
 d by lamp* and candles, (according to ancient cuf- 
 tom) muft have appeared exceedingly fplendid and fo- 
 lemn. Our pious ancestors (hewed great zeal in fup- 
 porting the expences incurred by thefe lights, which 
 were kept continually burning before the mrines of 
 the crucifixes, or thofe of their favourite faints ; for 
 befides certain annual rents collected by the wardens, 
 whofe bnfinefs it was to take care of fuch decorations, 
 legacies wete frequently bequeathed to churches for 
 the fame purpofes. 
 
 There formerly was a chronological table, of remark- 
 able events relating to Yarmouth, hanging in the. 
 South aile of this Church, with the following whimfical
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 and fingular obfervation. " There never was in it 
 (Yarmouth) an Eccle/tajtic publickly defeat of the, 
 ** trime of 'carnality ." 
 
 There is an excellent 'Organ in this church, efteem- 
 cd to be inferior only to one at Haerlem in Holland. 
 To this church there once belonged 6000 perfoni of 
 an age able to communicate, i. e. of 16 yean and up- 
 wards. 
 
 In the North Weft comer of the North aile is 
 chamber veftry, containing a library of ancient book* 
 of about zoo volumes, moftly folios, bnt of .itt'e va- 
 lue. In this room there is a deflc of fingular con- 
 ftruftion, in which are feven (helves fo conftru&ed as 
 to revolve and prefent the books on either to your 
 hand, without deranging thofe on the other flielves. 
 
 St. Nicholas is a curacy in the gift of the Dean 
 and Chapter of Norwich, and was the only place of 
 worihip, for thofe of the eftablimed religion, in this 
 populous place, till the year 17:6, when a beautiful 
 chapel wa< built nearer the centre of the town, and 
 dedicated to St. George. 
 
 It) 
 
 The firft mention of an Organ which we find, (in onr Northern 
 Hiftoriet at If aft) is in the anna!* of 757, when Conftantine Cupro- 
 nirnus, Emperor of the laft, fent to Pepin K. of France, among other 
 rich prefents, a mufical machine, which the French writers defcribe 
 to have been cornpofcd of pipes and large tubes of tin, and to have 
 imitated fometimw the reari 05 of thunder, a^J fometunci thewarb-
 
 *s THE NORFOLK TOtTR. 
 
 In reading monumental infcriptions, we cannot but 
 regret that we become acquainted with many virtues 
 only when it is too late to enjoy them, and are intro- 
 duced to excellent parents* hufbandi, children and 
 friends but to lament their departure, and to bewail 
 their k>fs. We infert the following Epitaph, upon a 
 Sailor, which is in the Church-yard, for its fmgularity. 
 Tho' Boreas blow, and Neptune's wave 
 
 Have toft me to and fro, 
 By GOD'S decree, you plainly fec> 
 
 I'm harbour'd here below : 
 Where I ntaft at anchor lye 
 Wit& m^ny of our fleet ; 
 Btrt once a?ain we unifl fer fall, 
 
 Oar Admiral CHRIST tor meet. 
 The Inhabitant* of Yarmouth have experienced in- 
 finite trouble, and teen at gte^t e; pence in maintain- 
 ing the Haven. r i he prefent coft 4,273!. 6s. 8d. and 
 ^ fkefeventh which has been made ; it was begun in 
 the year t$?ti, and is in or near the place where it 
 Had been atout 30 years before ; it met withfeveral 
 cbfbuftion5,fometimes from the difference of opinion, 
 as to the place moft proper for the purpofe, but prin- 
 cipally from the great expence attending the enter- 
 prize, and nothing very material was effedled before 
 1559, fince which it ha" been annually fupported at fo 
 great an expence, that in the year 1^67 the town wat 
 9,4:00!. in debf, had fohi lands and tenements to 
 tKe year'y valu'e of 400!. befides harin^ had various 
 fupplies from government, and other aids on this dif- 
 treffing occafion. It appears by Swinden's hifTory, 
 that the expences incurred on this account fro*a 15.67
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 23 
 to 1770, that is 204 years, amounted to 241,578!. gs. 
 nd. and by dividing this into two periods of 102 
 years each., we obferve, that the firft 102 years, from 
 1567 to 1668, coft 65,296!. i8s. ad. or little more than 
 640!. per annum, whilft thefecond 102 years, from 1669 
 to 1 7 70 amounted to 176,281!. i is. gd. or 1,728!. per 
 annum. The annual expences now are about aoool. 
 
 There have been eleven different afts of parlia- 
 ment, the iaft being obtained in the year 1785, by which 
 it is enacted, that all (hips unlading m the haven of 
 Yarmouth or in Yarmouth road, extending from the 
 South part of the town of Scratby in Norfolk, to the 
 N. part of the town of Gorton in Suffolk, fhall pay for 
 every Chaldron of coals (Winchefter meafure) laft of 
 wheat, rye, barley, malt, or other grain, and for eve- 
 ry weigh of fait and every ton of any other goods or 
 merchandize whatfoever, (filh only excepted) a fum 
 not exceeding one (hilling, to the Collector, to be ap- 
 pointed by the town of Yarmouth; the money (b 
 raifed to be applied towards the repair of the piers of 
 Yarmouth and depthening Brayden j the river running 
 by Norwich from the New-mills to Hardley Crofs, 
 &c. depthening the river Waveney, Yare and Sure, 
 and repairing the Bridge and public Quays at Yar- 
 mouth. 
 
 Thirteen fhips are employed in the carrying trade, 
 between London and Yarmouth, fix from Dice Quay 
 and feven from Symond's Wharf, one from each 
 Wharf failing every Saturday. The expence of 
 freight is about 201. per ton, except hogfheads of 
 fugar, and ether heavy articles for the grocers, which 
 
 are
 
 *4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 are brought at a much cheaper rate. The keel 
 freight and other expences upon goods configned to 
 Norwich, is about half as much as the fliip freight. 
 
 Four fhips are employed in the Hull trade, which 
 go. and come alternately. 
 
 A Stage coach pafies three times a week between 
 Yarmouth and London. The Mail coach once every 
 day, and a machine from Yarmouth to Norwich 
 twice every day, during the fummer feafon, and once 
 every day in the winter. The Barge comes from 
 Norwich every Monday and Thurfday, and returns the 
 .next days, in which there are good accommodations 
 for paffengers, who may by this means take a moft 
 agreeable trip in fine weather, at a fmall expence. 
 In 1340 John Perebourne, a Burgefs of this town, 
 was made Admiral of the King's northern fleet, and 
 meeting with a French fquadron of 400 fail off Sluys, 
 Naihe fays, " he fo flafiied and fliced them, and bat- 
 " tered them, with his ftone darting engines, no ord- 
 " nance being then invented, that their beft mercy 
 " wa fire and water, which hath no mercy." 
 
 In 1337 the Yarmouth navy confifling of aomen of 
 war, convoyed King Edward the Third's plenipotenti- 
 aries to the court of Hainault, from Dort to Yarmouth. 
 In 1342 the King embarked onboard their fleet, on his 
 expedition in to Brittany, but while he lay entrenched 
 before Vannes, Prince Lewis of Spain difperfed 
 the Yarmouth fleet, by which Edward was driven to 
 great fireights for want of provifions. Edward return- 
 ing to England in March j 343, fummoned the Captains 
 
 to
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 25 
 
 to appear at Weftminfler, to account for their beha- 
 viour, but the iffue of this inquiry .is not known. 
 
 Jn 134.6 at the taking of Calais, Yarmouth affilted 
 the King with 43 (hips, on board of which were 1075 
 mariners. It appears by the Roll of the high fleet of 
 Edward HI. before Calais, that there were 706 {hips 
 and 14,151 mariners employed upon that memorable 
 occafion, and that Great Yarmouth then fupplied "the 
 King with more failor than any fea-port in England, 
 London not exceptcd. 
 
 Tho' a little extraneous to the intention of this pub- 
 lication, ws hope it may amufe fbme of our readers to 
 be informed, that the. Navy of England was at this 
 time, a.id for more than two centuries after, fitted out 
 foroetliing in the manner that the militia is now ; 
 every fea-port, aad other considerable town, being 
 obliged to fumiih its quota. On K. Edward's invasion, 
 of Brittany, there we.c eighty-two towns thus aflefied 
 in proportion to their trading importance. The King 
 on the part of government furniming 25 mips. The 
 fcale of importance of the different towns of that day, 
 (445 years ago) when compared with what they are 
 now, affords a moil ilriking proof of the viciflitudet to 
 which commercial places are liable. Fowcy, in Corn- 
 wall then fen t near twice as many mips as London did ; 
 and the names of many towns which flood pretty high 
 on the lift, are now nearly forgotten. 
 
 The following is part of the Lift : 
 Fowey, 47 ; Yarmouth, 43 j Dartmouth, 3 1 ; Ply- 
 mouth, *6 ; Shoreham, 26 ; London, 2; ; Briftol, 24 ; 
 Sandwich, 22 ; Dover, 21 ; Southampton, n ; Win- 
 
 chdfea,
 
 a& THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 chelfea, 21; Weymouth, 20 ; Looe, 20; Newcaflle, 
 17 ; Bofton, 17; Hall, 16. The fhips carried from 
 1 6 to 30 men, and the average might be about 25 to 
 50 each. MS. in tki Cottonian Library. 
 
 The above mode of raifmg a naval force was firfl 
 pra&ifed in 1007, when an invasion was expected from 
 the Danes, with this difference, the affeffment was 
 then laid upon lands in general. To oppofe the 
 Spanifh Armada* in 1578, which pride, vanity and 
 folly had chriftened Invincible, a fimilar affeflment 
 took place upon the principal towns. But this illegal 
 and arbitrary tax, under the name of fhip-money, was 
 deftined to be oppofed by Sir Edmund Hambden,* 
 in the reign of the ill-advifed and unfortunate Charles I. 
 The iffue of Hambden* trial, and the confequences 
 refulting from it, are fufficiently known No 
 man can afcertain the fecret motives of another's 
 actions but every Englifhman ought to rejoice that 
 his country has at all times produced thofe bold fpirits, 
 who have refolutely and fuccefsfully oppofed the de- 
 preflion of its real liberties. 
 
 In 1352 the Corporation of Great Yarmouth gave 
 to the College of Windfor, a laft of red herrings, to 
 be delivered yearly for ever, at Yai mouth : One of 
 the reafons affigned fo this gift was, becaufe King 
 Edward III. had been baptized at that College. 
 The grant was further confirmed till the i^th of 
 Henry VI. 1439 The herrings were fometimes de- 
 livered in kind, and at others a compofidon in money 
 
 wa$ 
 
 * Hambden had been aflefled aos, for n Eftatc which he p(Ti- 
 A<i in the county of Buckingham,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 27 
 
 was paid. In the I zth of Henry VII. the Cham- 
 berlains were allowed in their accounts 4!. by them 
 paid to the Deacon of Windfor, according to ancient 
 cuftom; this allowance continued till the I3th of 
 Elizabeth, when they were again delivered in kind. 
 Many difputes arofe about the delivery of thefe her- 
 rings, which were often faid to be of the worft qua- 
 lity, and as fuch had been refufed by the deputies of 
 Windfor. In 1661 the town was three years in ar- 
 rear on this account, which they then unwillingly 
 fettled. In 1718 the caufe of the difpute was re*- 
 mored by the town agreeing to pay 9!. for that 
 year and 81. for the future, which is ftill continued to 
 be paid to the Dean and Canons of Windfor in lieu 
 of the lad of herrings. 
 
 There was an ancient cuftom in this town for the 
 Prior and Monks, and afterwards the Dean and 
 Chapter, or their farmer of the parfonage, to provide 
 a breakfaft for the inhabitants on Chriftmas day in 
 every year, which continued till the zift of Elizabeth, 
 (1579] when a dreadful peflilence carrying of 2000 
 of the inhabitants, the cuftom ceafed for fome time, 
 and 5!. was paid yearly to the Churchwardens in- 
 ftead of the entertainment, but it was again revived, 
 and continued till the reign of King James, when by 
 an agreement between the farmer, Mr. Goflirig, and 
 the Bailiffs, it was fettled to pay them lol. in lieu 
 of the breakfaft. 
 
 A fand-bank of near a mile fquare, was thrown up 
 oppofite to Scratby, four miles to the North of Yar- 
 mouth, which becoming dry and firm land about thfe 
 D year
 
 2 8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 year 1578 was fo much elevated above high water 
 mark that grafs grew there, and Tea fowls built their 
 aefts upon it. To this place many of the inhabitants 
 of Yarmouth frequently went in the fumraer feafon for 
 recreation, and on the zd of Auguft i$o an elegant 
 entertainment was given by the Bailiffs of Yarmouth 
 to a feled company of gentlemen, and imagining that 
 it would accumulate and become of importance to the 
 town, formal poiTcfSon of it was taken by the name of 
 Yarmouth Ifland, but they were opppfed by Sir Ed- 
 >rard Clere, of Ormefby, Knt. who claimed it as a 
 parcel ef the manor of Scratby, and erefted a frame 
 of timber upon it, as a teftimony of his right. It was 
 the more eagerly contended for on account of the 
 many valuable goods cail afhore upon it from the fhips 
 loft on the coaft, particularly in the year 1582, when 
 Several parcels of filk and other valuable articles were 
 found there and carried to Yarmouth, as had been 
 ufual, and applied to the ufe of the town. The con- 
 teft however between Yarmouth and Sir Edward Clere 
 wa$ of fhort duration, for what neither law or equity 
 had been able to accomplim, or perhaps would have 
 fettled for many years, the elements eafily and expe- 
 ditioufly determined, for in the very fame year, a 
 ftrong eafterly wind and a boifterous fea, in a fingle 
 day fwept away the Ifland, " leaving not a wreck 
 " behind." 
 
 In the year 1549 a body of the Infurgents belong, 
 ing to the Rebel Kett, being denied admittance into 
 Yarmouth, by the town's-people, who alfo r.efufing to 
 fupply his camp with beer, or pay any refpeft to his 
 
 orders.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 29 
 
 orders, Kett determined to ftorm the place ; for thi 
 parpofe a large body of his people, having made them-* 
 felves mafters of Lothing land, procured fix pieces of 
 ordnance from Loweftoft, and brought them to a cioft 
 at the North end of Gorleflon, intending to batter the 
 town from thence ; which being perceived, a party 
 of towu's-rrien were detached to fet fire to a large 
 ftack of hay, on the Weft fide of the Haven, and the 
 wind being Northerly, it drove th(5 fmokedirtfftly apon 
 the face of the enemy, artd prevented their feeing the 
 approach of the Yarmoutlv-nieift, who by this ftrataget* 
 ferprized the Rebel*, killing fevftrtkl, fcd raking 3 
 prifoners, with the fix pieces of cannon, all whitJ 
 were fafely conveyed into the (own. The rebels eJci- 
 ceedingly irritated by this difafter, approached tke 
 walls, and deftroyed great part of the materials pro- 
 vided for the Haven, they then marched a<irofi the 
 Penes to the Sooth gate, but being repulfsd Uy th* firt 
 of the cannon from the walls and mounS-., ti.ey f!?d 
 and never more returned. 
 
 In 1348 Seven thoufafld and fifty pe6pltf <Sit4 hett 
 
 of th,e Plague. In 1570. it carried off about 2000: 
 
 and in 1664, 2,500 died of the like pcftllence. 
 
 Though Yarmouth Roads, on the EaA-fide of the 
 town, are very fafe, and the chief rendezvous of the 
 colliers between Newcaftle and London, and other 
 merchantmen, which are conilantly pafling and re- 
 paffing, ftill the coaft is particularly noted for being 
 one of the moft dangerous and raoft fatal to failors in 
 all Britain, a melancholy inftance of which happened. 
 D 2 about
 
 30 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 about the year 1692, when a fleet of too fail of 
 light colliers went out of Yarmouth Roads, with a 
 fair wind, to purfue their voyage, and were taken 
 ihort with a ftorm of wind at North-eaft. After they 
 pafled Wintertonnefs a few leagues, fome of them, 
 whofe mailers were more experienced feamen, or who 
 were not fo far out as the reft, tacked and put back in 
 time, and got fafe into the Roads j but the reft pufti- 
 ing on, in hopes to keep out to fea and weather it, 
 were by the violence of the ftorm driven back, when 
 they were too far embayed to weather Wintertonnefs, 
 and fo were forced to run Weft, all {hifting for them- 
 felves as well as they could : forne ran away for Lynn- 
 Deeps, but few of them (the night being dark) 
 could find their way thither ; fome, but very few, rid 
 it out at a diftance ; the reft being above 140 fail, 
 were all driven on fhore and dafhed to pieces, and 
 very few of the people on board were faved. At 
 the very fame unhappy juncture, a fleet of loaded 
 fhips coming from the North and juft croffing the 
 fame bay, were forcibly driven into it, not able to 
 weather the Nefs, and were involved in the fame 
 ruin that the light fleet was ; alfo fome coafting vef- 
 fels laden with corn from Lynn and Wells, and 
 bound for Holland, were, with the fame unhappy 
 luck, juft come out to begin their voyage, and feme 
 of them lay at anchor : thefe alfo met with the fame 
 misfortune ; fo that in the whole above 200 fail of 
 (hips and above loco people, were loft in the difafter 
 of that one miferable night. A misfortune fomewhat 
 funilar, happened in 1 790. 
 
 In
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 31 
 
 In this town was born Arthur Wil&n, Efq. who 
 wrote the life and reign of King James I. [printed 
 1653] with fo much freedom, that inftead of a hif- 
 tory, he is. faid to have written a pasquinade. He 
 was an attendant for many years upon Robert 
 D'Evereux, Earl of Eflex, and afterwards fteward 
 td Robert Earl of Warwick, who are much favoured 
 in hie hiflory, now almoll forgotten. He died at Fel- 
 fteacl in ElTex, 1652. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Soame was born in Yarmouth 1 H* 
 was the fon of a fifherman, but defcended of an emi- 
 nent family of that name ; his coufin, John Soame, 
 being a man of fo great an eftate, that i n 1 64$ he paid 
 a compofition of 1430!. for it, and was then dwelling; 
 at Burnham, in this county. After paffing through 
 his fchool education, he was bred up in academic 
 learning in Peter-houfe, Cambridge, where his uricle, 
 Robert Soame, was Matter, and being" admitted' into 
 holy orders, became Minifter of Staines, in Middle- 
 far, and Prebendary of Windfor. He wai, in the 
 times of rebel lion, a firm loyal i-it, and 1 fo- much com- 
 paffinr.ated his Ma>eSy's wad in his war with the 
 Parliament, that he was not mindful of his own ; for 
 he fern all he had to the King ; fo that whervthe Rebels 
 came to plunder him* they found nothing to take bat 
 himfelf ; which they accordingly did, and imprisoned 
 him firft in Ely-houfe, and then in Newgate and in 
 the Fleet, He died not long Before the rtftoration 
 o Charles j
 
 32 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 A Mrs. Cromwel lived many years in this town, 
 and died here at an advanced age, about the year 
 1750, unmarried: She boafted of being lineally 
 defcended from Oliver Cromwel, whom me is faid 
 not lefs to have refembled, in the hard forbidding, 
 and fhrewd caft of her features, than in that dar- 
 ing and refblute promptnefs of fpirit which fubdues the 
 greateft difficulties. She conducted the Salt-works, 
 as might be expecled from fuch a character, with 
 vigor and proportionate fuccefs. Henry Crom- 
 wel, no relation to Oliver, being High Steward 
 of this place, in 1659, it is very probable (he was 
 defcended from him, but fuch innocent vanity, if 
 vanity it be, is very excufable, and it may be doubt- 
 ed which of the two Gentlemen it was the greater 
 honor to claim affinity to an honeft High Steward 
 of Yarmouth, or a fuccefsful Ufurper of the govern- 
 ment of England and the terror of allfurrounding 
 nations. 
 
 In the reign of King Charles II. Sir Robert Paflon, 
 of Pafton, in this county, was from this place created 
 Vifcount, and afterwards Earl of Yarmouth ; this title 
 becoming extinft, Amelia Sophia de Walmoden, who 
 came into England in 1739, was advanced to the dig- 
 nity of-Baronefs and Countefs of Yarmouth, by King 
 George II. 
 
 During the civil war in the reign of King Charles I. 
 Yarmouth, 'as' well as the whole county of Norfolk,'' 
 was in the poffeffion of the parliament. Oliver Crom- 
 wel died September 3, 1658, and at an aflembly of 
 tKe Corporation of this Borough in November follow-
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 33 
 
 ing, a committee was ordered to draw up an ad- 
 drefs to Richard Cromwel, who it was expefted 
 would fucceed to the prote&orfhip of the kingdom. 
 In this addrefs Oliver was called the " Good" and 
 the * * Great man," it lamented that ' ' The Captain of 
 " the Lord's Hojl was fallen in Ifrael" and the oppref- 
 fed loyaliils were ftigmatized by the names of " Sons of 
 " Belial," and children of darknefs," who had en- 
 deavored fo cut off this " Captain of the Lord's Hojl." 
 before his time, that he might not go down to his grave 
 in peace. But this fulfome fanatical cant, and the 
 flattering expectations entertained by thofe who drew 
 up the addrefs, were but of fhort duration, for upon 
 the reiteration in 1660, the town (having no doubt 
 chofen another committee) thought proper to fend a 
 congratulatory addrefs to Charles II. to return the Fee- 
 farm purchafed of the parliament, with the arrears 
 due ; and further to ingratiate themfelves with the 
 King, they prefented him with 500!. as a mark of 
 their loyalty. And on the jd of January following it 
 was ordered that the name of Henry Cromwel, as 
 High Steward of Yarmouth, fliould be defaced and 
 erafed out of the Records of the town ; that the addrefs 
 to Richard Cromwel, the late pretended Protettor, be 
 utterly difclaimed, obliterated and made void, and the 
 ordinance made for the prefenting thereof, be de- 
 faced to all intents and purpofes. By thefe means the 
 addrefiers to Richard Cromwel, feem to have pur- 
 chafed the favors of Charles II. for in 1663 he granted 
 the Corporation a new Charter, with more extenfive 
 privileges than formerly. 
 
 An
 
 34 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 An Account of the Plants growing on the 
 Beach at YARMOUTH. 
 
 THE Study of Botany offers no fpeculaiioa more 
 curious than the attachment of plants, and the vegetable 
 faietits, ai they may bs called, formed by the means 
 of this connexion. 
 
 The fea-coaft of Yarmouth, for about two miles 
 each way, is nearly a level common, elevated between 
 two and three yards above high-water mark. From 
 the verdant edge of this common to the fea is a gen- 
 de flope, compofed of a deep fine fand, intermixed 
 with great quantities of loofe pebbles called foing/t. 
 As the tides are here uncommonly low, the higheft 
 not rifing fix feet, the diftance from high to low water- 
 mark is but a few yards. From high water to the 
 turf of the common is fomrwhat further j and it is this 
 apparently defart flip of ground to which the prefent 
 botanical obfervations are confined. The beach to 
 the Southward of the town is principally our field, asr 
 being the moft regular formed. 
 
 BUNIAS CAKILE, Sea Ro<ket, in many places 
 approaches nearelt to the water, ftriking its fibrous 
 roots into the loofc fand, and harbouring between the 
 {tones. Its purplifh flowers, refembling thofe of the 
 {mall kind of ftock, enliven the bare fpot on which 
 }t grows. 
 
 SALSOLA KALI, Prickly G/aJfiutrt, is here but 
 {Daringly found, accompanying the former. It grows
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 35 
 
 more plentifully on the banks of the river Yare, near 
 its mouth. 
 
 ARUNDO ARENARIA, Sea Reed-Grafs orMarrum, 
 grows fomewhat higher, in fcattered tufts, forming 
 little hillocks of fand. It is this property of binding 
 the fand by its deep matted roots, which renders it fo 
 valuable on the coafts of England and Holland, 
 which are protected from the ocean by ranges of fand- 
 hills. At Caifter, two miles North of Yarmouth, 
 begins a line of thefe hills, ofconfiderable height, on 
 which this grafs grows abundantly. 
 
 ARENARIA PEPLOIDES, Sea Chick-weedy remark- 
 able for the depth and length to which it runs its 
 roots, is found firft fparingly, but afterwards in fuch 
 plenty, that its broad ftiiF leaves make their chief ver- 
 dure of the fandy beach near its junction with the turf 
 of the common. 
 
 ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM, Eryngo, or Sea Holly. 
 This fingular and beautiful plant grows in an ir- 
 regular fcattered manner on the beach, and alfo 
 ftrays higher on the common, where it is moft naked 
 and fandy. 
 
 CAREX ARENARIA, Sea- Carsx. This where it 
 begins forms a regular line at an equal diftance from 
 the fea, firft thinly covering the fand, but growing 
 thicker and thicker as one proceeds higher. Its hori- 
 zontal creeping roots, and frequent fhoots, bind the 
 fand in the manner of the Reed-grafs. 
 
 CONVOLVULUS SOLD A NELL A, Sea Hist/weed or 
 Scottifi Scurvjr-gra/s, grows moft plentifully at the 
 
 edge
 
 36 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 edge of the junction of the beach with the common, of 
 opon the bareft fpots of the latter, laying its large 
 and beautiful flowers upon the naked fand. It is really 
 fnrprifing to fee fo fine a flower growing abundantly 
 upon fo expofed ami barren a foil. 
 
 ONONIS RE PENS, Creeping Rejl harrow. This 
 grows thinly on the beach, but copioufly on the fandy 
 part* of the common, running its ftrong roots very 
 far into the toofe foil. 
 
 GALIUKI VERUM, Laditt Bed-Jlraw. This ap- 
 pears thin and fcattered about the junction of the beach 
 with the common, but afterwards becomes fo plentiful 
 as to form the chief covering of the fandieft fide of 
 the common, fcenting the air with its ftrong perfume 
 when it flower. 
 
 Thefe arc plants which may be confidered as pro- 
 perly belonging to the fandy flope of land, from high- 
 water mark to the level of the verdant common, here 
 called the Denes. Some others occafionally ftray into 
 it, among which have been found the Hypoch&ris radi- 
 eata, Long-rooted Haiukweed , and Cerajlium arvtuje. 
 Corn Mouft-ear Chickiveed ; but thefe are to be con- 
 fidered as cafual gaefts, It is obfervable, that of 
 thofe above enumerated, only the two firft are annuals ; 
 the reft are all furniflied with very ftrong running 
 roots, peculiarly adapted to the fituation, and fcrving 
 a molt ufeful purpofe in confining the loofc foil, which 
 would elfe be torn away by the violence of the wind 
 and waves.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 37 
 
 Observations on the Annual PaJ/ege of 
 Herrings. 
 
 THE herrings are found n the Eaft fide of th 
 Atlantic, or rather in the North fea, in the favourable 
 month of June, about the Iflands of Shetland, whence 
 they proceed down the Orkneys, and then dividing, 
 they furround the Britifh Iflands, and unite again off 
 the land's end in September ; the united moal then 
 fleers in a fouth well direction acrofs the Atlantic. 
 They arrive off Georgia and Carolina about the latter 
 end of January, and in Virginia about February ; coaft- 
 ing thence, Eaftward to New England, they divide, 
 and go into all the bays, rivers, creeks and even 
 fmall ftreams of water, in amazing quantities, and 
 continue fpawning in the frefk water until the latter 
 end of April, when the old fifh return into the fea 
 where they fleer northward, and arrive at Newfound- 
 land in May, whence they proceed in a north-well 
 direction, again acrof* the Atlantic, and re-viht the 
 Shetland Iflands in June It has been obferved, that 
 their going fooner or later up the American Rivers 
 depends upon the warmth or coolnefs of the fcafon ; tkat 
 if a few warm days invite them up, and cool weather 
 iucceeds, it totally chec'cs their paflage, until more 
 warm weather returns. From all theie circumftances, 
 it is thought, that a certain degree of warmth is pe- 
 culiarly agreeable to them, which they endeavour to 
 enjoy by changing their latitude according to the 
 diftance of the Sun. Tnus they are found in the 
 
 Britifti
 
 3 8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Britilh Channel in the moderately warm month of 
 September, but leave it when the Sun is at too great 
 a diftance, and puftx forward to a more agreeable cli- 
 mate : When the weather in America becomes too 
 warm in May, they fteer a courfe to the cooler north- 
 ern feas, and by a prudent change of place, perpetually 
 enjoy that temperature of climate which is beft adapt- 
 ed to their nature. 
 
 American Philofophical Society. vol. 2. 1786. 
 
 The manner of Jifoing for and curing 
 Herrings, at Tar -mouth. 
 
 THE Merchants fit out pretty large decked boats 
 er veflels, ufually from 40 to 50 tons burden, each of 
 which has a mafter, mate, hawfeman, waleman, net- 
 ropeman, and netftowerman, befides 5 or 6 labour- 
 ers, called capfternmen, who all engage to ferve the 
 whole fiihing Seafon, viz. from about the aoth of 
 September to the zzd of November, at certain wages, 
 befides a reward of fo much per laft, to the mafter, 
 mate, hawfeman, and waleman for every laft of Her- 
 rings caught during the feafon ; and the boat being 
 vidtualled and having feveral tons of fait on board, 
 proceeds, fometimes a few, at other times 10 or 12 
 leagues from the fhore, and about the clofe of day 
 ' they ftrike or take down two of her marts, and put 
 out the nets, which are all fattened to ropes called war- 
 ropes, near the thicknefsof a man's wrift, joined one 
 at the end of another, to the length of about 700 
 
 fathoms,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 39 
 
 fathoms, or 1400 yards, and faftened to the boat's 
 bow or head, which (while the nets are out) is always 
 againft the wind, and the veflel being gently driven 
 by the wind and tide aftern, or backwards, the war- 
 ropes, with the nets thereto fixed, are kept ftraight 
 out the full length of the war-ropes, and hindered 
 from entangling or driving together, and the weight 
 of the nets and ropes in the water keep the veflel 's 
 head to windward, and while flie thus flowly drives 
 aftern, the war-ropes and nets, fo faftened to her bow, 
 are very flowly drawn after her, and the herrings get- 
 ting their heads through the meihesof the nets, ftickby 
 the gills, and can neither thruft their bodies through, or 
 get their heads back ( i ) ; after the nets have laid in the 
 fea the greater part of the night, they are hauled in, 
 and when a confiderable quantity is caught, the 
 boat returns to Yarmouth Roads and delivers them at 
 the Beach, and taking in a further fupply of provifions 
 goes to fea again, and fo continues during the whole 
 fifhing feafon. 
 
 If the boatmafter has not an opportunity of return- 
 ing to Yarmouth the following day, to deliver his her- 
 rings, they are faked on board, and perhaps kept a 
 week or ten days before they are landed, when they 
 are taken to the filh-houfes and again flightly fair- 
 ed, (2) and after lying about 24 hours upon the fifh- 
 
 houie 
 
 (1) T heMackrel are caught in a fimilar manner, tho' a fleci 
 of Mackrel nets extends much more than twice the length of a fiert 
 of Herring nets. 
 
 (2) A ton of fait cures about 4 lafts of Herrings. 
 
 E
 
 4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 houfe floor they are well wafhed, by the Towers, (3) 
 in large vatts filled with frefti water ; they are then 
 fpitted through the head upon fpits about four feet 
 long, and the fize of a man's thumb, by the Ri- 
 vers, and hung up by the Towers, in the fifh- 
 houfe, generally a large lofty building from 40 to 50 
 feet high, fitted up with baulks and fplines (called 
 loves) at proper diftances from each other to receive 
 the ends of the fpus, which are placed acrofs the fame 
 in regular order, one above another, from the very top 
 of the building down to within about feven feet of the 
 floor. As foon as this is completed, many wood fires are 
 made under them, and continued day and night, with 
 fome little intermifllons, for about a month, by which 
 time the herrings are properly fmoaked and dried for 
 foreign markets, when they are taken down and pack- 
 ed in barrels, of 10,000 each, for exportation or home 
 confumption. 
 
 This branch of trade is of great importance to the 
 nation, for when in a flourifhing ftate it emplo\ ed more 
 than 200 fiming veflels, and in fome fuccef;ful years 
 70,000 barrels have been exported, exclufive of the 
 home confumption, which may be averaged at i 5 ,000 
 yearly. This filhery gives bread to fome for the 
 whole, to others for a great part of the year, to about 
 2,000 Fimermen and 4,000 Braiders, Beetfters, (4) 
 Towers, Rivers, Ferry-men, Carpenters, Caulk- 
 ers, Spinners, &c. including Seamen to tranfport 
 
 the 
 
 (3) Towers. Men employed in the Fifti-houfe to cure and hang 
 them. 
 
 (4) Beetfters, Women employed to mend the nets:
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 41 
 
 the herrings chiefly to Italy, and produces in a fuc- 
 cefsful year, at a moderate computation (exclulive 
 of a very large fum paid for freights at foreign ports 
 to our fhips) a clear gain to the nation of upwards of 
 70,000!. befides, the 1 5,000 barrels confumed at home, 
 are fo much gain to the nation, as they add to the 
 ftock of provilions. 
 
 A letter from Aberdeen dated June 10, 1788 fays; 
 ' Laft week was caught by the Fifhermen near Don 
 ' mouth, a herring of a molt uncommon fize, it mea- 
 ' fured from the fnout to the tip point of the tail two 
 * feet, round the thickeftpart of the body 15 inches, 
 immediately above the tail 4 inches i -half, and 
 ' weighed 5 pounds 4 oances.' Thofe of the largeft 
 fize caught near Yarmouth, do not meafure more than 
 12 inches in Jength, 6 inches i -half round, and.weigh 
 9 ounces : But Mr. Herriot a celebrated Mathemati- 
 cian, aflures us, that in the months of February, 
 March, April and May, Herrings on the coafts of Vir- 
 ginia, are caught 18, 20 and even 24 inches long. 
 
 The Dutch fix their entering on the Herring Fifhery 
 upon their own coafts to A. D. 1 163. In the old Chro- 
 nicle of John Francis le Petit, there is a very diftinl 
 account of this matter. It is there faid, that the in- 
 habitants of Ziriczee, in the Ifle of Zealand, were the 
 firft who barrelled Herring, and that afterwards the 
 people of Biervliet found the method of preferving 
 them more effe&ually, by taking fome fmall bones out 
 of their heads, which operation they call Kaken, i. e; 
 gilling, or jawing the Herring. 
 
 E 2 William
 
 2 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 William Beackels John, a Swede, who died in 1397 
 has been fuppofed to have invented the art of pick- 
 ling herrings. But profefTor Springel has fhewn that 
 herrings were caught at Gernem've, i. e. Yarmouth, fb 
 early as the year 1283 ; nay, in Leland's Collecl. 
 vol. 3. p. 173, we meet with a proof, that pickled her- 
 rings were fold in 1*73 ; and there are extant German 
 Records which /peak of them in 1236. 
 
 Nafhe, a cotemporary writer with, and an imitator of 
 the more celebrated Tom Coriat of peregrinating me- 
 mory, in enumerating the excellencies of Herrings 
 fays, a red herring is wholefome in a froily morning ; 
 it is moft precious fifti merchandife, becaufe it can be 
 carried through all Europe ; no where are they fo well 
 cured as at Yarmouth. The poorer fort make it 
 three parts of their fuftenance. It is every man's 
 money from the King to the Peafant. The fifhery is 
 a great nurfery for feamen. The round or cob dried 
 and beaten to powder is a cure for the (lone. Rub a 
 quart pot or any meafure round about the mouth with 
 a red herring, the beer fhall never foam or froth in it. 
 A herring drawn on the ground, will lead hounds a falfe 
 fcent. A broiled herring is good for the rheumatifm. 
 The fifhery brings more (hips to Yarmouth than af- 
 fembled at Troy to fetch back Helen. He adds, 
 Wife men of Greece, in the mean while to fwagger fo 
 
 about a W e ! At the end of what he calls his play 
 
 in Praife of Red Herrings, he boafls of being the firll 
 author who had wrote in the praife of fi(h or fifhermen. 
 Of the latter he wittily and farcaftically fays, " For 
 ' your feeing wonders in the deep, you may be the 
 
 " fons
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 43 
 
 " fons and heirs of the Prophet Jonas ; you are all 
 " Cavaliers and Gentlemen, fmce the King of fifties 
 " chofe yoa for his fubjefts ; for your felling fmoke 
 " you may be Courtiers ; for your keeping fafting 
 " days Friar Obfervants ; and laftty, look in what 
 " town there is the fign of the three Mariners, the 
 ' huff-capped drink in that feoofe you mall be fure of 
 " always." 
 
 This very fcarce Pamphlet is re-printed in the 6th 
 vol. of the Harleian Mifcellany. 
 
 CAISTER, next YARMOUTH. 
 
 IN the celebrated Notitia Imperil, orfurvey of the 
 Roman Empire, publilhed by Pancirollus in 1593, it 
 appears that the commander of the Stablefian Horfe, 
 under the * Count of the Saxon more in Britain, was 
 ftationed at a place called Garianonum, (that is the 
 Mouth of the Garienis or Yare) but where that 
 ancient Fortrefs was fituated, authors are not agreed. 
 The venerable Camden places it at Burgh- Caftle, in 
 Suffolk, and fays that Yarmouth rofe out of its ruins, 
 
 but 
 
 * The Count of the Saxon fhore, had in all under his command 
 2,200 foot and zoo horfe, ftationed at different places on the coafts 
 of Norfolk, Suffolk, Eflex and Kent. The Roman troops in Brit- 
 tain confifled of 5 legions, which with their auxiliaries, amounted 
 to about ; 4,000 hoife. and 72,000 foot; thefe were diftributed into 
 near 150 fbrtrefles.- Thij great military eftablifnment feems to in- 
 dicate, either that the Romans efteemed England to be a very valua- 
 ble part of their unweildy Empire, or the natives did not pxicnriy 
 bear the Roman yoke.
 
 44 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 but Sir Henry Spelman contends for its having been 
 at Caifter. Where Camden and Spelman differ in 
 opinion on a topographical fubjeft, who mall de- 
 cide? There can be no doubt of the Romans having 
 occupied both flations, though very probably at dif- 
 ferent times, as each haven became more or lefs navi- 
 gable. Thofe who contend for the greater antiquity 
 of Burgh-Caftle remark, that parts of anchors and 
 other pieces of iron, which could have been in ufe 
 for maritime purpofes only, have at various times been 
 found in the marfhes adjoining, and even in the walls 
 of the Caftle, but furely fuch evidences by no means 
 warrant this conclufion, as they tend but to ftrengthen 
 an opinion generally admitted, that an arm of the fea 
 which foimerly overflowed the marlhes between Yar- 
 mouth and Norwich, muft nearly have reached Burgh- 
 Caftle : and as the coins frequently dug up at Caifter, 
 in a place called the Baft-field Bloody furlong, are ac- 
 knowledged to be of more ancient date, than thofe 
 found at Burgh-Caftle, it may be inferred, fo far as 
 the evidence of coins are admitted, that Caifter was 
 really the ancient Garianoaum. It is the generally 
 received opinion, that the Yare formerly had two 
 channels by which it entered the Britifh ocean, one to 
 the North, at Cockle-water or Grubb's-haven by 
 Caifter, the other to the South near Gorlefton. The 
 channel by Caifter was in the infancy of Yarmouth, 
 efteemed to be the beft hsrbour, and the inhabitants 
 accordingly built the town further to the North than 
 it now Hands ; but the North-eaft winds prevailing upon 
 this part of the coaft, formed a fand-bank, which choak- 
 
 ing 

 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 45 
 
 ing up the channel at Caifter, reached along the fhore 
 nearly to Gorlefton, and in procefs of time becoming 
 firm land, the inhabitants deferted the ruined channel 
 at Caifter, and removed to the Southern one near 
 Gorlefton, at which time it is moft probable that 
 Burgh-Caftle was built and became the ne<w Gariano- 
 num. or" the Romans. Thefe two ftations were extreme- 
 ly well fituated on each fide of the river, upon fine 
 eminences in the fight of each other, and admirably 
 well calculated to defend the more againft the preda- 
 tory deicents of the Saxons, who upon the decline of 
 the Roman Empire, became very bold and dexterous pi- 
 rates, paying frequent and moft unwelcome vifits to the 
 inhabitants of Norfolk, Suffolk, Effex and Kent j the 
 the coafts of which were called the Saxon-fhore, from 
 being oppofite to the people of Germany called 
 Saxons. 
 
 Caifter was the ancient feat of the family of FaftolfF, 
 Captain Grofe took a view of this place in 177' and 
 obferves, that from the materials, which are Englifh 
 brick, it cannot be older than the beginning of the 
 reign of Henry VI . [ 1 449] when that manor belonged 
 to Sir John FaftolfF a General and Knight of the Gar- 
 ter. The Manor of Caifter had been in the family 
 ever fince the Qth of Edward II. [1305] and it is 
 more than probable, fome houfe or caftle might then 
 be Handing. Tanner mentions one as early as Ed- 
 ward I. [1274]. 
 
 William de Botoner, alias de Worcefter, in his Iti- 
 nerary relates, that this caftle was befieged twice in 
 
 the
 
 46 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 the reign of Edward IV. (between 1469 and 1483) 
 the firft time (1469) by Thomas Mowbray, Duke of 
 Norfolk, and the fecond by Lord Scales. In the ac- 
 count of thefe tranfaftions, the foundation of the pre- 
 fer Caftle is mentioned as being di retted by the laft 
 will of Sir John Faftolff. During the time of thefe 
 fi-ges, it belonged to John Pafton, Eiq. who was one 
 of the executors by the will of Sir John Faftolff. 
 
 In the coliedlion of letters publiflied by Sir John. 
 Fenn, of transactions during this dark period of Eng- 
 lifh Hiftory, he has preferved one dated Sept 1469, 
 relating to the firft of thefe faeges; it is from John 
 Pafton, Efq, to Sir John Pafton, Knight, and is thu* 
 exprefTed, " We were fore la^k of viftuals (and) 
 *' gunpowder, men's hearts lack of furety of ref- 
 " cue, (were) driven thereto to take appoint- 
 ' ment!" 
 
 The caftellated manfion of Caifter, tradition fays 
 was finiihed by Sir John Faftolff with a part of the 
 money which he received for the ranfom of John II. 
 Duke of Alen9on, whom he took prifoner at the battle 
 of *Verneuil, in 1429, called the battle of Herrings, 
 becaufe, it being the time of Lent, great part of the 
 convoy which Sir John was conducting to the army, 
 then befieging Orleans, confifted of Herrings. Jn 
 this battle Sir John with about 2,500 Englifh, de- 
 feated 
 
 * The French forces at this battle have been varloufly repre- 
 ptefented by, the French writer?, feme calling them 4,000, and 
 ethers between SUM and ten thousand.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 47 
 
 feated near ten thoufand French and Scots, of whom 
 2,500 were killed, and many perfons of diftin&ion, 
 with others, taken prifoners, without the lofs of one 
 Englifhman of eminence. Tradition fays, that after 
 the battle the Englifh marched twice round the walls 
 of Orleans, infultingly crying, frejb herrings to fell, 
 which provoked the French to make two defperate 
 fallies, and proving fuccefsful, they were infpir- 
 ed with fuch a new fpirit of confidence and refo- 
 lution, as afterwards turned the fortune of war in 
 their favor. But the enthufiafm and military exploits, 
 of the famous Joan of Arc, who at this time made 
 her appearance, had undoubtedly a more powerful 
 effect upon the lively minds of Frenchmen, than any 
 filly taunt that could be ufed by the Englifh fol- 
 diery. 
 
 The ruins of Caifter mew it to have been both ca- 
 pacious and ftrong. It was moated round, but the moat 
 is now filled up, except on the Weft, which was the 
 grand entrance. The houfe formed a reclangled pa- 
 rallelogram, the South and North fides longer than 
 the Eaft and Weft, the ftables in the front, the beft 
 rooms on the right hand of the fquare, under which 
 was a noble vault, and over it probably the great 
 hall. The embattled brick tower at the North Weft 
 corner is ftanding above 100 feet high, and on an 
 arch over a bow window in the infide of the ruins, was 
 the *Arms of Sir J. Faftolff furroanded with the garter, 
 
 neatly 
 
 * They were taken down a few years ago, and dcpofitcd in the 
 Library cf his Excellency the late Earl of Buckle ghamfliire, at Slick- 
 ling.
 
 4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 neatly carved in ftone. To the tower adjoins a dining 
 parlour 59 feet long and 28 broad. The great fire- 
 place of which is ftill to be feen. At prefent only the 
 Weft and North walls are remaining, together with the 
 tower. The South and Eaft fides are nearly levelled 
 with the ground. 
 
 Eaft from the Caftle flood the * College, forming 
 three fides of a fquare larger than the former, with 
 two round towers; the whole now converted into barns 
 and ftables. The Caftle moat is faid to have commu- 
 nicated with a creek which was navigable to the 
 ocean ; and, adjoining to the farm-houfe is a fmail 
 building, called the barge-hbufe, now ufed as a ftable, 
 in which is fhewn the crown of a large arch of about 
 8 feet diameter, which muft have been capable of re- 
 ceiving a boat of confiderable burden. 
 
 FASTOLFP (John) Knight and Knight Banneret, a 
 valiant and renowned General, Governor and Noble- 
 man in France, during our conquefts in that kingdom, 
 under King Henry IV. V. and VI. of England, and 
 Knight Companion of the moft noble order of the 
 Garter, was the fon of John Faftolff Efq. and Mary 
 the daughter of Nicholas Park, Efq. his wife. He 
 was defcended of an ancient and famous Englifh fa- 
 mily in the county of Norfolk j which had flourifhed 
 there, and in other parts of the kingdom, in very 
 honourable diftinftion before the conqueft : and from 
 a train of illuftrious anceftors, many of them dignified 
 
 with 
 
 * This College is faid to have been founded by John Pafton, fen. 
 Efq. in 1464.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 49 
 
 with the honour of knighthood, inverted with very 
 eminent employments, and poffefled of extenfive pa- 
 trimonies. Sir John the fubjeft of this account was 
 born in the year 1377, either at Caifter, or in Yar- 
 mouth, at the former of which he died Nov. 6, 1459, 
 aged 82, and was buried at the Abbey church of St. 
 Bennet in the Holme. 
 
 The firft honourable public employment in which 
 Sir John feems to have been engaged, was his attend- 
 ance upon Thomas of Lancafter, afterwards Duke of 
 Clarence, and fecond fon of King Henry IV. when he 
 wa Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in 1401, at which 
 time Sir Jo nvjasin the 2jth year of his age. In -408 
 he was marred in li eland to a rich young widow of 
 quality, named Melicent, Lady Caftlecomb, daughter 
 of Robert Lord Tibitot, and reiift of Sir Stephen 
 Scrope, Knight. This connection we may reafonably 
 believe engaged his fettlement in that kingdom, or 
 upon his eftate in Norfolk, till his appointment to a 
 command of fome forces, or to a place of truft under 
 the Regency in France, where he continued, accord- 
 ing to the teitimony of Caxton.the fiift Englifh Printer, 
 ' to fignalize hi* mi itary abilities for forty years,' 
 great part of the time under John Plantagenet, the 
 Great Duke of Bedford, and Regent in France, dur- 
 ing which he was made Knight Banneret in the field 
 of battle, Baron of France, Knight of the Garter in 
 England, Steward or Marmall of the Regent's houfe- 
 hold, the King's Lieutenant of Normandy for one 
 year, and after Governor of Anjou and Maine, for 
 many years, Captain of the city of Mans, and the 
 
 towns
 
 50 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 towns of Alen9on, Mayn, Frefney, in Vicont, for 14 
 years, likewife Caen, Verneuil and Harfleur, fome 
 years, the laft of which places he valiantly and fuc- 
 cefsfully defended when befieged by the French : And 
 when finally fettled at home, he was conftantly exer- 
 cifed in a&s of hofpitality, munificence and cha- 
 rity, a founder of religious buildings and other ftate- 
 ly edifices, a generous patron of worthy and learned 
 men, and a public beneta&or to the pious and the 
 poor. 
 
 Mr. Hume obferves, that there is no part of the 
 Englifh Hittory fince the Conqueft fo obfcure, fo un- 
 certain, fo little authentic, or confiflent, as that of the 
 wars between the two Rofes, and it is remarkable that 
 this profound darknefs falls upon us juft on the eve of 
 the reiteration of Letters, and when the art of print- 
 ing was already known in Europe (but not in Eng- 
 land). It was in thefe turbulent and unenlightened 
 times that Sir John FaflolfF lived, and it cannot be a 
 matter of much furprife, that his real character has 
 been misunderftood or mifreprefented, when we know 
 fo little of our general hiftory. 
 
 At the time when Prince Henry is faid to have com- 
 mited many exceffes unbecoming his high ftation, our 
 hero was honourably employed in France. In the 
 play, Sir John Falftaff is a man of mean, neceffitous, 
 fhifting circumftances throughout, FaftolfF in record 
 was richly poflefled of lands and eftates in feveral 
 places, from his youth, FalilafF in the poet's account 
 was near three-icore before the battle of Shrewfbury, 
 
 FaflolfF
 
 THE NORFOLK T0UR. 51 
 
 Faftolff in hiftory, not above twentyrfix. The thea- 
 trical Falftaff ends his life foon after his princely com- 
 panion afcends the throne, and before he goes into 
 France ; but the hiftorical Faftolff demo ftratively 
 furvived King Henry V. no left than thirty-feven 
 years. 
 
 Drayton in his Poly-Olbion, on comparing Sir 
 John Faftolff with Sir Philip Hall, fays 
 
 Strong Faftolff with (his man compare we may ; 
 By Sals'bury who, oft being ferioufly employ'd, 
 In many a brave attempt the gen'raj foe annoy 'd ; 
 With excellent fuccefs in Maine, and Anjou fought, 
 And many a Bulwark there into our keeping brought; 
 And chofen to go forth with Vaudemont in war, 
 Moft refolutely took proud *Renate Puke of Barre. 
 
 In one of Mr. Aflamole's choice old volumes of 
 MSS. there is a concife character of our hero, written 
 in the reign of King Henry VII. by Sir Thomas 
 Wriothefley, then King of Arms, wherein he is called, 
 c a rich knight and a grete bilder; having bilded 
 ' Cafter-hall in Norfolk, a royal paja.ce in Southwork, 
 ' attd another in Vermouth ; and a fpecuUl goocje 
 * maifter to the officers of armes.' 
 
 There is not a character throughout Shakfpeare's 
 Plays that has afforded fo much fatisfaftion and de- 
 light, 
 
 * Senate, jiftcr tb feege of Orleans brought fuccours to Charles 
 VII, the young King of France. 
 
 F
 
 >2 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 light, both on the ftage and in the clofet, as that of 
 Sir John Faljiajf, nor one that has occafioued fo much 
 controverfy to identify the real perfon of this dra- 
 matic hero: Whether it was originally drawn for 
 Sir John Oldcaflle, Lord Cobham, (the firft Mar- 
 tyr to the Proteftant caufe in England) or not, feems 
 foreign to the prefent inquiry, which attempts only 
 to prove, from the beft authorities extant, that in no 
 one circumftance do the poetical character of FalflarF, as 
 drawn by Shakfpeare, and the hiftorical character of 
 Sir John Faftolff", of Caifter, agree, or that would lead 
 an ignorant reader to confound them . but a little quib- 
 tle which makes fome conformity in their names. 
 
 Every one has feen upon the (htge Sir John Faljlaff 
 exhibited in the various characters of an old humo- 
 rous, vapouring, cowardly, lewd, lying, drunken and 
 neceflhous debauchee about Prince H'.nry's court. But 
 hiftory informs us, from the various * legacies which 
 Sir John Faftolff left by his laft will, that ke died 
 immejifely rich ; to enumerate them would too much 
 extend this article, and we (hall obferveonly, that he 
 left 4000!. in the hands of Thomas Howes, his con- 
 feflbr, to lay out in repairs of churches and collegiate 
 
 houfes, and his executors fold 3033 ounces of filver 
 
 That he lived in great fplendor and magnificence, is 
 evident from the many houfes he built and occupied 
 that he was lincerely pious and benevolent, may be 
 admitted from his donations to religious inftitutioiis, 
 and his attention to the poor, during his life and at 
 his death that he was valiant is demonftrative 
 
 from 
 * At this time money was feven times its prefent value.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 53 
 
 from the whole tenor of his military conduft for forty 
 years, -and the teftimony of the beft judges, his co- 
 temporaries and that his character and abilities as 
 an accomplifhed Gentleman were held in high eiiima- 
 tion, need no other evidence than the certainty of his 
 pofleffing a great mare of confidence and favor from 
 three fucceeding Kings. If thefe inferences are fairly 
 drawn from the hiflory of the life of John Faftolff, it 
 will no longer be believed that Shakfpeare's character 
 of his fat Knight, had any reference or bore any rc- 
 femblance to Sir John Faftolff, of Norfolk. But as 
 light ridicule frequently flicks clofer to character than 
 the moft honourable truths, it has been the fate of ouv 
 Knight to be remembered for imputed follies and 
 crimes which he never committed, and forgotten for 
 thofe meritorious adlions which hiftory has truly recordv 
 ed of him. 
 
 The theatrical character of Falfrajf, has been thus 
 elegantly and forcibly drawn by Dr. Johnfon. Falftaff 
 uniinitated, unimitable Falftaff, how mall I defcribe 
 thee ? thou compound of fenfe and vice ; of fenfe \vkkh 
 may be admired, but not efteemed ; of vice which may 
 be defpifed, but hardly detefted : Falftaff is a cha- 
 racter loaded with faults, and with thofe faults which 
 naturally produce contempt. He is a thief and a 
 glutton, a coward and a boafter, always ready to cheat 
 the weak, and prey upon the poor, to terrify the tim- 
 erous, and infult the defencelefs. At once obfequious 
 and malignant, he fatirizes in their abfence thofe 
 whom he lives by flattering. He is familiar with the 
 F 2 Prince
 
 5* THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Prince only as an agent of vice, but of this familiarity 
 hfc is fo proud, as not only to be fupercilious and 
 haughty with common men, but to think nil intereft 
 ef importance to the Duke of Lancafter. Yet the 
 man tht corrupt, thus defpicable, makes himfelf c- 
 teflary to the Prince that defpifes him, by the moft 
 pleafing of all qualities, perpetual gaiety ; by an un- 
 failing power of 'exciting laughter, which is the more 
 freely indulged, fes his wit is hot of the fplendid olr 
 iimbi tious kind, bat eonfifts in eafy fcapes and Tallies of 
 levity, which make fport but raife no envy. It muft 
 be obferred, that he is ftained with no enorm<3u5 
 or fahguinary crimes, fo that his Heemi'oufnefs is net 
 fo cffenfivti bot that it ma^ be bere for his mirth. 
 
 OF tnfe Comedy of the Merry Wives of Windsor, 
 Mr. Rovve has priferved a tradition, that it was writ- 
 ten at the command pf Queen Elizabeth, who was fo 
 delighted with the character of Falftaff, that She 
 "fri&'ed it to be difrufeithrougli more plays; but fuf- 
 |5fedihg that it might al! by continued amfonpity, 
 direfted the pcet to diverfify his manww, by mewing 
 him in, bvt. No ta& is hanitr than that of writing 
 to the uteas of another. Sha'kfpeare knew what 
 the Qgtert, if the ftory be trne s feems not to hava 
 known, that by any real paffion f tndernefs., the 
 felfift craft, the carelefs jollity, and the lazy luxury of 
 Falltaff muft have fuffiered fo much abatement, that 
 little of his formfer caft could have remained. Falf- 
 iaff could not love, hut by ceafi-ng to be Falftaff. He 
 could only veunttrfeft love, and Ms profoffions could 
 
 be
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 55 
 
 be prompted, not by the hope of pleafure but of mo- 
 ney. 
 
 This Comedy is remarkable for the variety and num- 
 ber of the perfonages, who exhibit more characters ap- 
 propriated and difcriminated, than can be found in 
 any other play, and its general power, by which all 
 works of genius mall finally be tried, is fuch, that 
 perhaps it never yet had reader or fpe&ator who did 
 not think it too foon at an end. 
 
 BURGH-CASTLE 
 
 IS in the county of Suffolk, at tfie diftsnce t>f 
 three miles S. Weft of Yarmouth, and ftands upon a 
 hill adjoining the South bank of the * Waveney, near 
 the junction of that river with the Thyrn and Wea- 
 fum. Its elevated fituation commands an extenfive 
 view of tha hundreds of Eaftand Weft Flegg, as far as 
 Acle on the Weft ; an extent of coaft of about twelve 
 miles from North to South,, and feems to have been 
 admirably chofen to alarm and defend this part of the 
 country, from the fudden invafions of the pirates of 
 ancient times, as well as againft the warlike Iceni, 
 who relu&antly fubmitted to the dominion.of the Ro- 
 mans, and often by force of arms attempted in vain to 
 
 expel 
 
 * Its {landing upon the South bank of the Waveney, not the 
 Y-are, fpoils the Etymology, and thence Uads us to imagine, that it 
 never could have been the ancient Garianonum of the Romans, 
 though there is no dcubt of its having been a Roniaa fcrtrefr.
 
 ys TH* NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 exptl them. It is a four-fided oblong pitched carilp, 
 crowned with a wall inclofing an area of 4 acres, 2 
 roods, and, including the walls, 6 A. zR. 20 Pw 
 The walls, compofed of rows of brick and flint alter- 
 nately, are nine feet in thicknefs and fourteen feet 
 high : The Eaft fide is the moil perfect, and has four 
 flanking towers, now in part Handing, the two neareft 
 each end, being 55 yards from each other, and the two 
 intermediate ones 1 10 yards afunder. The North and 
 South fides are each 107 yards. 
 
 The country from Caifter to Burgh-caftle, is one 
 continued plain for three miles in length ; within 
 this fpace lies Breydon-water (Breydon is a Saxon 
 word fighifyihg broad-water) and the whole level 
 carries evident marks of ^having been covered by the 
 ocean, the mouth of the Yare, at that time being an 
 ,/Eftuary, or arm of the fea. This is the traditional 
 account, in fupport of which, Mr. tves publifhed a 
 hiftory of Burgh-cattle, with an ancient map of the 
 country as it 'is fu'ppcfed 10 have appeared in the year 
 ne \hou:fand. And a manufcript copied by him, 
 fays, that about the time of Edward the Confeflbr 
 [1040] the fea retreated from the fand, at the mouth 
 of the ./Eftuary, oh which Yarmouth how ftands, and 
 the whole level of 'the fens from Yarmouth to Nor- 
 wich, was 'then an "arm of the fea, entering by the 
 mouth of the Hierus. 
 
 CASTOR at prefent an inconfiderable village, 
 iitoated about four rarles South weft of Norwich, upon 
 the little river Teffe ; according to Camden and other 
 
 refpeflable
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. S7 
 
 refpe&able hiftorians, was formerly the * Fenta Ice- 
 norum, the molt ftourifhing city, or principal ftation 
 of the Romans in the country of the Iceni, called af- 
 terwards Eaft Anglia. We need not wonder fays 
 Camden, that of the three Venta in Britain, thii 
 fhould have loft its name, when it has loft its very be- 
 ing, for now, fetting aiide the broken walls, die re- 
 mains of four gates and rwo towers, which were viilble 
 in the year 1749, and the Roman coins, which are at 
 this day frequently dug up, there are not any traces 
 of its ancient magnificence left : The defcription of this 
 place agrees exactly with thofe given by Polybius, Ve- 
 getius and others, concerning the ancient way of en- 
 campment among the Romans ; the places alfo for the 
 four gates, are ftill manifeftly to be feen. The Porta 
 Pretoria looked towards the Eaft, oppoiite to which 
 (without the Porta Decumana, and clofe by the river 
 fide) there ftill remains fome ruins of a tower. The 
 walls inclofing the camp were of flint and very large 
 brick. 
 
 Skinner fays in his Etymologicon : " Cajlor in Com. 
 " Norf. dim. VENTA ICENORUM: ex cujus Ruinis 
 " or fa eft Norwich civ it as :" however, except fome 
 few ruins of the camp, there is not now (1794) tne 
 leaft trace of any thing remarkable remaining. The 
 camp lies near a furlong S. W. from the town of 
 Caftor, and leads you by a gentle defcent down to the 
 little river Tcfle, which at the time of the eftablifh- 
 inent of the Roman Camp here, and when the fea, it is 
 thought, overflowed all the 'level land now between 
 Yarmouth and Norwich, was very proMbly a 'river of 
 
 * Blomcfield was of opinion that the Venta Icenorum was at 
 North Elmbam.
 
 58 THE NORFOLK TOTJ*. 
 
 confiderable breadth, and that it was not called the 
 Tefle until it approached the Roman Camp at Tale- 
 burgh, three or four miles higher. 
 
 The figure of the Camp is a parallelogram, whofe 
 two longeft fides are each 440 yards, and its ends, or 
 two (horter fides, 360 yards each, without-fide the 
 rampart and ditch, on the infide of which it is but 
 392 yards in length, and the breadth 264. The 
 breadth of the fofle and rampart is in feme places 
 48 yards, and in others not above 30. The whole 
 ground taken up including the foffe and rampart being 
 32 acres, 2 rood and 36 poles. The area within the 
 ditch and rampart is 2 1 acres, I rood and 2 1 poles. 
 The ruins of the two old towers, one on the North 
 fide, and the other at the weft end, were remaining in 
 1749. They were built in a manner perhaps peculiar 
 to the Romans at that time. They began firft with a 
 layer of bricks laid flat as in pavements : on that 
 they placed a layer of clay and marie mixed together, 
 and of the fame thicknefs as the bricks ; then a layer 
 of bricks, afterwards of clay and marie, then of bricks 
 again, making in the whole three layers of bricks and 
 two of clay: over this were placed bricks and lime 
 29 inches, the outfide being faced with bricks cut in 
 fqaares, then bricks and clay again, ftra/um fuperftra- 
 tum, as high as the old ruins now remain Handing. 
 
 The mortar is ftjll extremely hard : It is a com- 
 petition of lime, faqd and afhes. The Roman bricks 
 were made of two different forts of clay mixt ; when 
 burnt qpe appsated red the other white, and when Mr.. 
 
 Arderon
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 59 
 
 Arderon examined them in 1749 were exceedingly 
 hard and folid, and he fays, very little worie than when 
 they were laid down. They meafared IS inches by 
 12, and ^ inches thick. Philos. Trafiiaftions, 1749, 
 No. 493. 
 
 The Emperor Claudius Csfaf , in the 46ih year 61 
 the chriftian atra, gained confiderable footing in this 
 part of Britain, and his Lieutenant Oltorius having 
 fubdued the Iceni, the invaders fettled here, raifed 
 camps, appointed colonies, and fixed Rations, prin- 
 cipally opbn the banks of rivers, to defend theif con- 
 quefts agaihft foreign invafioh, and the attempts of 
 the natives to regain their freedom. Thus landing at 
 the mouth of the river Yare, they built a ftrorig caftie 
 upon the firft elevated fituatioh, on the South fide, 
 placed a gaffifoh of Stablefian horle there, and 
 named it Garianor.um, (from its fituation on the Ga- 
 rienis or Yare) fome remains of which are ftill very 
 perfect : the town that belonged te it affuming the 
 Saxon name Burgh, from this fortification, and is at 
 this day called Burgh Caflle. Oppofite to this, on the 
 Nertiern fide of the Gariemis, thty erefted another 
 fbrtiication, and called it Caifter: And following the 
 coarfe of the river till it divided into two ftreams, 
 tfley turned with that on the Southern fide, and at the 
 ^rft ftreight, where the pafiage could eafijy be defend- 
 ed, fixed this camp, which for its dimenfior.s and 
 length was named Caftrum, or The Camp, by way of 
 eminence. 
 
 It was about the year 41 8 after Chrift, that the 
 Romans in general quitted Britain j but having after- 
 wards
 
 60 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 wards fent fome fmall detachments of troops to affift in 
 repelling the incurfions of the Fids, and the predatory 
 invafions of the Northern pirates, they cannot be faid 
 to have finally withdrawn themfelves till the year 
 446,* when, thofe who remained, and the natives 
 joining together, became one people ; Caftor being 
 then in a great meafure deferted, fell rapidly into de- 
 cay, and the inhabitants fixing upon the place where 
 Norwich now ftands, on account of its being higher , 
 ground, on a better ftream, and more convenient for 
 fifhing, it fuddenly rofe to great maturity, out of the 
 ruins of Caftor, then no longer regarded but as a place 
 of defence, and as fuch was afterwards held by the 
 Saxon, Engliih and Danilh Kings, till Edward tke 
 Confeflbr gave it to the Monaftery of St. Edmund's 
 Bury, where it continued with little variation till the 
 Conqueft. 
 
 CITY of NORWICH. 
 
 THE rife of great towns is owing to fuch a variety 
 of caufes, that it is often difficult fatisfadtorily to 
 point out the principal one, but with refpec~l to Nor- 
 wich, there is every reafon for believing that the foun- 
 dation of its prefent magnitude and opulence is in 
 a great meafure to be afcribed to its affording an afy- 
 
 lum 
 
 * In General Roy's military antiquities, it is faid, that the FINAL 
 departure of the Romans from Biitain was in the year 410, and tho 
 arrival of the Saxone, A, D, 449.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 6r 
 
 lum to the (a) Dutch and Flemings, who, from the ba4 
 policy of the Spanifti Court, and the cruelty of the 
 Duke of Alva, were obliged to forfake their native 
 country about the year 1565. Thefe unhappy people, 
 persecuted at home for their religious opinio-ns, found 
 in a foreign country, that to be peaceable citizens is the 
 only teil of fidelity required for protection amongft an 
 enlightened people, and in return they introduced the 
 manufacture of bombazines and a variety of worftcd 
 fluffs, by which fo many families in Norwich have 
 fince been enriched, and the population increafed, 
 from about (b) 14,840, to 41,051. 
 
 It ha^ been faid that the city in ancient times was 
 much more populous than it is at prefent, and that 
 in the year 1348, more than fifty-feven thoufand per- 
 fons died here of the Plague; but, as tha walls of 
 Norwich then prefcribed its extent, there feems to be 
 fufficient reafon for believing this accouut to be much 
 exaggerated ; perhaps it might be true if applied to the 
 city nnd county of Norfolk. There having been $8 or 
 60 churches in Norwich, and now only 35, has al- 
 fo been urged as a proof cf its former great popula- 
 tion, 
 
 (a) The number of thefe People at firft permitted to fettle hsre was 
 330, but in a very fhort time they amounted to 3925. 
 
 (b) In 1377 the inhabitants of feveral great towns in England were 
 enumerated, when Norwich was found to contain 5,300 people. The 
 mufter-roll delivered to government, of men capable of bearing arms 
 in Norwich in 1575, contains 2, 120 names. The ufual calculation is, 
 that one perfon in every fix, or at leaft in every feven, in any king- 
 dom or dtftrift, is fo qualified : whence we are inclined to believe 
 that Norwich at that time did not contain above 14,840 people;
 
 6t THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 lion, but the decay of churches does not prove th 
 people of former times to have been more numerous, 
 but to have been more devout, or that the inhabitants 
 have changed the modes of their religious worlhip. 
 
 Mr. Hearne fays, he believes the city of Norwich 
 was either repaired after fome devaftation, or eife fome 
 additions were made to it by Alfred the Great, (i. e. be- 
 tween the years 872 and 899) for, on one of his coins, 
 publifhed by Sir Andrew Fountaine, there is a Mono- 
 gram, which Mr. Ed. Thevaites, in his notes upon thefe 
 coins, has ingenioufly gueffed to be Civitas Northvi- 
 cum. The infcription is ALFRED RE : This read- 
 ing is certainly ingenious, but they who have an op- 
 portunity of examining the plate of the coin will find 
 it very difficult to make out, Civitas Northvicum, in 
 the Monogram. 
 
 An old vulgar diftich, handed down to us by tra- 
 dition, fays, 
 
 Caftor was a City when Norwich was none, 
 And Norwich was built with Caftor ftone. 
 
 PASSING by thofe accounts of the origin of this 
 city, which feem calculated rather to amufe the cre- 
 dulous than fatisfy candid and rational investigation, 
 we (hall quote Camden's opinion on this fubjeft, who 
 obferves, that, " fo far is the city of Norwich from 
 " having been built either by Caefar, or Guiteline 
 *' the Briton, as fome fabulous authors affert, that 
 " the word Norwich is not any where to be found be- 
 '* fore the Danifh wars. 1 * 
 
 The
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. *6i 
 
 The city was burnt and deftroyed in 1004 by 
 * S\vain, the Dane, who returned a fecond time in 
 1010, when many of his followers fettled here, and it 
 increafed fo rapidly, that from the Domefday-book of 
 Edward the Confeflbr, it appears to have contained 
 1,320 BurgefTes, and it is/aid, 25 parochial churches. 
 It continued to increafe till 1075, when Ralph de 
 Waiet, Earl of Norfolk, rebelling againft William 
 the Conqueror, the caftle was befieged and taken, 
 and great part of the city deftroyed ; but foon re- 
 covering from thefe misfortunes, it again began to 
 flourim, and at the time of making the Domef- 
 day-book of the Conqueror in 1086, only eighty- 
 two years after its having been deftroyed by the 
 Danes, it contaied 738 houfes, which at the rate of 
 ve perfons to a family, makes 3,690 iuhabitants. 
 Upon the Conqueror's death, Roger Bigod held the 
 caftle for Robert Curthofe, Duke of Normandy, elder 
 brother of Rufus ; wafting the city and county, and 
 plundering all thofe who refufed to join with him. 
 This difpute was compromifed, and Roger Bigod re- 
 mained in pofteffion of the cattle, and held it peace- 
 ably 
 
 * Swain, with his whole fleet, is faid to have failed quite up to 
 the caftle, die marfues between it and the ground on which Yar- 
 mouth now ftands, being then covered with water, forming a large 
 arm of the fea. When the fmall fize cf the (hips of thofe days is 
 confidered, there is nothing improbable in this relation ; xvliich fcems 
 to acquire configurable ftrength by its being well known, that in the 
 reign of Canute, Norwich wa a Fifhing Tcwn, and it was not likely 
 that Fiftiermen fhouid fix upon a place for their refidence, which 
 was thirty miles diftant from the ocean,
 
 *62 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 ably during this King's reign. The city being once 
 more freed from the evils attending the factious con- 
 tentions of the Nobles, Herbert de Lofinga, then 
 Bifhop of Thetford, removed the See hither, after 
 having made many uufuccefsful attempts to fix it at 
 the rich abbey at Bury. This event took place April 
 9, 1094, from which time the city has been daily in- 
 creafing in wealth, trade, and buildings : And to en- 
 courage its growing greatnefs, King Henry I. granted 
 to the citizens the fame liberties and privileges as the 
 citizens of London enjoyed. 
 
 In the reign of King Stephen (1172) it was made a 
 corporation, to be governed by bailiffs, in the room of a 
 port-reeve, under which government it had been from 
 the Saxon time; and in the year 1403, the citizens 
 obtained a charter from King Henry IV. for the 
 eleftion of a Mayor, and two Sheriffs yearly, inflead 
 of the bailiffs. 
 
 The cities appear by Domefday-book, to have been 
 at the Conqueft, little better than the midling market 
 towns of the prefent time ; York itfelf, though it was 
 always the fecond, at leaft the third city in England, 
 and the capital of a great province, which was never 
 thoroughly united with the reft, contained then but 
 1,418 families. Norwich 738, Exeter 3 15, Ipfwich 
 5 38, Northampton 60, Hertford 146, Canterbury 262, 
 Bath 64, Southampton 84, Warwick 113. Thefe 
 were amongft the moft confiderable in England, and 
 hence it appears/ that Norwich was next to York in 
 foe. 
 
 The
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 63 
 
 The firft predatory incurfiona of the Danes into 
 Britain were in 789, but their invaikm of the kingdom 
 of the Eaft Angles, of which Norfolk was a part, did 
 not take place till 886 ; when the natives being more 
 anxious for their prefent inte^ eft than for the conmon 
 fafety, entered into a ieparate treaty with the ene-ny ; 
 and furnifhed them with horfes, which enabled them 
 to make an irruption by land into the kingdom of 
 Northumberland, where they feized the city of York. 
 Hume's Hift. vol. i. 
 
 From this time the Danes were firmly efliblifhed 
 in Norfolk, particularly the Eaftern part of it, and 
 very probably built a Cattle, or repaired one, which 
 had been built by the Saxons, when the Roman (ration 
 at Caftor was deferted foon after the year 446. Seve- 
 ral reafons are affigned for the Danifh invafion, to 
 revenge themfelves for fome pretended injuries, or 
 national affronts ; though the true motive probably 
 was; England, divided again It itfelf; fituated in a . 
 happier climate ; much richer and in every relpecl 
 preferable to their own dreary and inhofpitable 
 country, prefeated aa inviting profpeft to the lawlefs 
 defires of uncivilized plunderers When a rich nation, 
 lofes the power of protecting itfelf againft both inter- 
 nal and external enemies, it will not be long before 
 the former promote its downfall by inteftine divi/ions, 
 and the latter profit by their ingratitude. It is idle to 
 expeft, and moft dangerous to depend upon the honour 
 and the law of nations, without the means of in- 
 forcing the obfervance of them. 
 
 G Were
 
 64 THE NORFOLK TOU&. 
 
 Were we not affured that the ancient Canes were 
 more numerous upon the fea than on land, we could 
 not read the hiftory of the eighth, ninth and tenth 
 centuries witfiout observing with farprife, the 1 fea 
 covered with their numerous fleets, (fometimes of 700 
 fail) and from one end of Eurdpe to the other, the 
 coafls of thofe countries, now the moft powerful, a prey 
 to their depredations. During" two hundred years 
 they almoft inceflantly ravaged England, and at 
 length fubdued it. Alfred the Great, about the year 
 900 having expelled Or fubjugatcd the Danes who had 
 invaded England, with fbrrte of the more peaceable 
 of them colonized Norfolk, then forming a part of 
 Eaft Anglia, which though their countrymen had made 
 defert, they by peace and induftry loon reftored to a 
 flourifhing coriditibn. The ancient inhabitants had 
 been extirpated, and this Danifh colony may be look- 
 ed up to as the original people, or parent flock, of 
 the prefent race of Norfolk-men. At the time when 
 the Danes defolated England, the profeffion of piracy 
 was fo far from appearing dilhonourable to them, that 
 it was irt their eyes the certain, and perhaps the only 
 road, to honours and fortune ; for it was wifely con- 
 trived, that the word honour, to which fo many dif- 
 ferent ideas are annexed, was among them folely con- 
 fined td a disregard of danger ; arid to be the moft 
 renowned Pirate of the North Was fynonymous with 
 being the greateft man in Europe*. 
 
 The Saxoris gave the name to the Caftle of Norwich 
 by which the city has ever fmce been called : They wrote 
 it Nordwic, or, their / being pronounced like our th, 
 
 Northwic,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 65 
 
 Northwic, ugnifying a Northern Caftle, as the Cattle 
 of Norwich is with refpeft to the Rpman ftatipn at 
 Caflor. After all the researches of the moft eminent 
 Antiquarians on this fubjeft, it muft.be acknowledged 
 the evidence amounts to this .only, that as the city 
 derives its name from the Caftk, it certainly muft 
 be of lefs antiquity, ..but as the time when the firft 
 Caftle was built canaot be afcertaine.d, 4t is in vain 
 to attempt fixing the a^e of. the .city. 
 
 Norwich on account of its trade,, wealth, beauty, 
 extent, populQia^uQis, :the /alubrity of the air, the 
 goodnefs ofjts m>irktF,.and the jndufti-y .of.its inha- 
 UiUftts, is dsfervedly :r.anksd ajoongft the, moft con - 
 hJerable cities in Britain. Its Latitude, according to 
 :$ir Henry Spelman is 52 degrees 45 minutes, North. 
 Longitude i. jip Ea.ft of .the royal obfervatory nt 
 Greeawjch. It is pleafantly fituateJ on the fide of,a 
 hill, ftretchingifrom North to.jSourfi, on the banks of 
 the river Weofmn. iltas 108 oiiles from London by 
 Newmarket, no by Colchefter, 114 by '.Bury St. Eod- 
 mund's ; and it is fomewhat remarkable, that .Nor- 
 wich, Bury .and Lynn form an equilateral triangle, 
 each fide meafuring 42 miles. It is alfo 43 miles from 
 Ipfwich ; and 22 from Yarmouth by land, and 30 by 
 water. 'It Panels upon more ground than any other city 
 in England, being rather more than one mile and a 
 half in length, from King-ftreet gate to Magdalen -gate, 
 and one mile and A quarter broad from Bifhop-gate 
 to St. BenedicVs-gate : towards the South it gradually 
 contracts like a cone, containing little more than 
 King-.ftreet and Eer-ftreet, Jjoth of them .being very
 
 66 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 long aud populous. It has thirty four churches be- 
 fides the cathedral, and is encompaffed by a ditch and 
 the remains of a flint-Hone (a) wait, which was flanked 
 with forty towers, in the ancient method of fortifica- 
 tion, and had twelve gates for entrance on all fides, 
 except the Eaft, which is defended by the river Wen- 
 fum, after running through the city from Eaft to WefE, 
 and over which there are five ftone bridges, Coflany, 
 Black-friars, Fye-bridge, White-friars, and Bilhop- 
 gate. Such walls towers and gates as enclofed Nor- 
 wich, being built before the invention of (b) gun- 
 powder, they have long ceafed to be ufeful in a defen- 
 five view, or perhaps to be at all ufeful ; and becom- 
 coming burdenfome to the people to keep in repair, 
 have been fuffered to decay, eight of the gates, in 
 the years 1792, 1793 and 1794 were taken down, and 
 two confiderable openings made in the walls, one be- 
 tween Ber-fireet gate and Brazen-doors, the other clofe 
 to Chapel-field. Thefe additional avenues have un- 
 doubtedly their ufe. And to gentlemen difpofed to 
 venerate whatever is antique, let it be hinted, that 
 however obnoxious to their feelings modern improve- 
 ments may be, nothing on earth is calculated toiland 
 for ever : And that which is now modern, will like 
 the ancients whom they have difplaced, in time them- 
 felves become antiques. The city is plentifully fupplied 
 
 with 
 
 (3) Begun in 1294 and fi.nifhed in 1310. 
 
 (b) The dJfcovery of gunpowder is generally attributed to Schwartz, 
 a Monk of Cologne, but the Englifh Friar, Roger Bacon, was the 
 real difcoverer of it fome years before, but his humane philofophy 
 prevsnted him from making the procefs public.
 
 TH-E NORFOLK TOUR. 67 
 
 with frem water, conveyed .through .pipes -to all.parts 
 pf.it;, from the water works at the N^w-MJlls, .firft 
 erefted in 1430, improved in 1 69 5, ' but n.ot, brought 
 to their prefent .perfedion before 1720. 
 
 'Nonvich is .governed by a mayor, recorder, Rew- 
 ard, two iheriffs, -twenty. four aldermen, :(of .which the 
 mayor is one) and {ixty common, council-inre.n_ *.tPWn- 
 clerk, chamberlain, and fword-bearer, attended |b,y of- 
 ficers fuitable to the dignity cf the city : 'The, mayor 
 is ele&ed by the freemen, on the firft .day ofriyiay 
 and fworn into h.is office on the guild-day, which is al- 
 ways the Tuefday before midfummcr-day, .except 
 when midfummer-day falls on a Wednesday, and. then 
 the guild is kept on the Tuefday fe'nnight before.mid- 
 Jiimmer-day ; he .is chofen from among the aldermen, 
 is juftice of. the quorum during his mayoralty, and af- 
 terwards jpftice of the peace during life, unlefs he is 
 lawfully remoi'ed froip his office of Alderman. 
 
 One of the '(heritfs -is chibn bya.letter'/rom the court 
 .of Aldermen, fent ,ojit about, the 7th of July, and-re- 
 turnable, \f a full aflfembly can be ma4e, within -four- 
 teen days, upon ,payJ1g a fine of.eighty^popnds to .the 
 corporation, till $he -ipthiOf Augu.ft ; on .which day, 
 whoever -holds ,it miiil ferve the, office: The .other 
 {her iff is ele$ed by the freemen on the ,1^ Tjie,fday 
 in Auguft, apd-thqy are fwpj;n into. office ;on,fylichael- 
 mas-da.y. .^o dUfenter from the eftablifhed chur,ch, 
 no attorney, or profeflional.man, nor apy other perfoo 
 who will take an oath of not being worth three thou- 
 fand pounds, can be compelled to ferve, 
 
 G ^ * It
 
 63 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 It is faid that a perfbn worth 2,000!. is liable to 
 ferve, or to pay 50!. but there is no inftance of enforc- 
 ing fuch a law. 
 
 The common council-men are elected by the freemen, 
 dwelling in each of the four great wards feparately, 
 for Conisford great ward on the Monday, Mancroft 
 on the Tuefday, Wymer on the Wednefday, and the 
 Ward beyond the water, (or Northern ward) on the 
 Thurfday before Paflion week. 
 
 The mayor, with the fheriffs, hold courts every 
 Wednefday and Saturday, to hear complaints, and to 
 do every other act tending to the peaceable govern- 
 ment of the city. 
 
 The recorder, who muft be a barrifter, aflifts in the 
 mayor's court as chief judge, is always juftice of the 
 quorum, and one of the council for the city. The 
 fteward who muft alfo be a barrifter, affifts in the 
 IheriftV court as chief judge, is likewife juftice of the 
 quorum, and the other council for the city. 
 
 The twenty- four aldermen are chofen for the twelve 
 fmaller wards, two for each ward, whofe office it is to 
 keep the peace in their feveral divifions, and upon 
 the death or refignation of any one of them, the free- 
 men of the great ward, in which the fn^aller ward is 
 included, muft elect another in his room, within five 
 days of the death or refignation of his predeceffor. 
 
 The quarterly afiemblies are held on February 24, 
 May 3, the day before the Guild-day, and Septem- 
 ber 21. 
 
 The
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 6<; 
 
 The city is divided into four great wards, and thefe 
 are again fub-divided into twelve {"mailer wards, 
 choofing two aldermen each. 
 
 I. Conisfbrd ward, contains South- Conisford, North- 
 Conisford, Ber-ftreet, and takes in the Hamlets of 
 Lakenham, Trowfe - Milgate, Bracondale, and 
 Carrowe, and ele&s twelve common council-men. 
 
 II. Mancroft ward, contains St. Stephen's St. Peter 
 of Mancroft, St. Giles, and the Hamlet of Eaton, 
 and choofes fixteen common council-men. 
 
 IH.Wymer ward, contains Eaft Wymer, Middle- 
 Wymer, Weft-Wymer, with the Hamlets of Heigh- 
 ham and Earlham, and choofes twenty common 
 council-men. 
 
 IV. The Northern ward, or the long ward, contains 
 Coflany, Colgate, Fyebridge, with the Hamlet of 
 . Pockthorpe, and choofes twelve common council- 
 men. 
 
 The arms are Gules, a Caftle tripple towered, 
 Argent ; in bafe a Lion of England, paflant gardent. 
 The city fends two members to parliament cho- 
 fen by the freeholders and others being free by inhe- 
 ritance, purchafe or fervitude, in number about 3000, 
 and the returning officers are the fheriffs. The free- 
 men muft have been admitted to their freedom twelve 
 months before they are enabled to vote. The firlt 
 Summons was in the 251)1 year of the reign of Ed- 
 ward I. (129.6) but it is not known who were thes. 
 returned. 
 
 By
 
 7 o THE NORt'.Q&K 
 
 By an aftobtatne iby the city : in the yea* 1,7*6, cal- 
 led the Tonage A, a dity of^o.-.-pgriop is laid u,pon 
 all goods brought up the^iver highe* than Thorpe- 
 hall : the duties-to be applied towards rebuilding and 
 .repairing the walls, bridges, gates, walks, lUithes, 
 and ftreete. The increafed expepces of fuoh *vorks 
 having of late years .nwde the income very inadequate 
 to 4// th.efe purpofes, the gates hav.e been taken down, 
 and the walls fuffered to decay, by which the tonage 
 revenue will better be enabled to fulfil the .remain- 
 ing objedls of its original defignation. 
 
 The Markets are on Wednesdays and Satur- 
 days j the latter is reniarkable for .every good quality 
 belonging to a market ; plenty, variety, goodnefs, 
 cheapnefs and neatnefs. There are four fairs, on the 
 day before Good Friday; St. Faith's, Oftober 21 ; 
 The Tuefday after St. Michael ; And Maudlin, or 
 St. Mary 'Magdalen. 
 
 The liberties of the city and county of Norwich, as 
 confirmed by 'Mary I. in the third year of her reign 
 (1556) comprehends a circuit of about fourteen mites, 
 containing nearly fix thoufand fix hundred and thirty 
 acres. 
 
 From the Guild-hail, in the Market-place, 
 
 M. F. 
 
 To Mile-crols on the north, is - - - i -6 
 Thorpe, eaft - i 4 
 
 Harford bridgesfouth - 2 2 
 
 Earlham bounds, weft 2 4 
 
 By Charter, dated the 5th year of Henry IV. (1403) 
 the citizens of Norwich were empowered to choofe a
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 71 
 
 Mayor, together with twenty-three other Aldermen, 
 as part of the body corporate, from which time until 
 the prefent aera there has never been a period at which 
 all the twenty-four then living had been elefted into 
 the office of Chief Magiftrate. 
 
 Before the year 1786, various methods had been 
 adopted for numbering the inhabitants of Norwich, 
 but being founded on principles of calculation, gene- 
 rally admitted on fuch occafions, without an exaft 
 enumeration, they had tended rather to perplex than 
 fatisfy candid inquiry; and whilft fome contended 
 for their being 48,000 people, others eftimated them 
 at but 36,000 : To clear up fuch doubts, and for other 
 and more material reafons, an exact account from 
 houfe to houfe was taken in May 1786,- and may be 
 feen in the firft column of the Parochial Lift in the 
 next page. It is to be obferved, that the inhabitants 
 within the precinft of the Cathedra), and the foldiers 
 quartered in the city are not included in the prefent 
 lift, and we think it cannot be any exaggeration 
 to eftimate them at one thoufand, making the total 
 41,051, which, fuppofing the account taken in 175210 
 have been tolerably correft, we find to be an increafe 
 of near 5000 people; and, when it is confidered, that 
 Norwich furnifhed the army and navy with 4000 
 recruits during the late w?.r, not many of whom re- 
 turned, it muft be admitted, that if the ftrength of a 
 nation, or the confequence of a town, is to be eftimated 
 by the number of its inhabitants, Norwich has fome- 
 thing to boaftof, and nothing to fear. 
 
 THS
 
 72 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 THE PAROCHIAL LI.ST. 
 
 
 No. Souls 
 
 Houfes 
 
 No. Soul 
 
 No. Sou 
 
 
 in 1786 
 
 in 171:2 
 
 in 1752 
 
 ''n *6 9 
 
 -St. Peter Sothgte - - 
 
 57 
 
 72 
 
 "425 
 
 470 
 
 St. Etbeldred - "*.-.- 
 
 
 57 
 
 84-7 
 
 243 
 
 St. Julian - 
 St. Peter Permountergate 
 
 i ^6z 
 
 12.6 
 
 595 
 1408 
 
 593 
 1376 
 
 St. John Sepulchre - 
 St. Michael at Thorn - 
 
 1114 
 
 1442 
 
 158 
 27-5 
 
 1004 
 
 1127 
 
 i 
 
 St. John Tjmberhill 
 
 975 
 
 200 
 
 890 
 
 668 
 
 All Saints - 
 
 
 106 
 
 578 
 
 42.5 
 
 St. Stephen - - - 
 
 ^360 , 
 
 402 
 
 Z 3 J 4 
 
 1769 
 
 St. Peter Mancroft - - 
 
 2299 
 
 420 
 
 2288 
 
 
 'St. Giles . ... 
 
 
 
 ^961 
 
 910 
 
 St. Benedia 
 
 900 
 
 17 
 
 ,715 
 
 652 
 
 St. Swrithin - - - 
 
 643 
 
 141 
 
 75' 
 
 496 
 
 St. Mavgirct - - 
 
 859 
 
 
 8.J6 
 
 664 
 
 St. Lawrence 
 
 1018 
 
 176 
 
 552 
 
 668 
 
 St. Gregory 
 
 M-I3 
 
 248 
 
 
 772 
 
 .St.JohnlMaddei-market- 
 
 1,57.1 
 
 '^5 l 
 
 iioy 
 
 
 St. Andrew 
 
 J 773 
 
 236 
 
 j - ^^ 
 
 93S 
 
 <St.'Mieohal at Plea - -. 
 
 502 
 
 
 4&a 
 
 479 
 
 .fit. Peter Hungate - -, 
 
 394 - 
 
 fto , 
 
 34.1 
 
 267 
 
 St. -Simon and Jude 
 
 443 
 
 84 ' 
 
 420 
 
 
 fSt.'Geoige ofTombland ; 
 
 
 
 737 
 
 733 
 
 St. Martin at Palac.e 
 
 1109 
 
 167 
 
 i&l 
 
 819 
 
 St. Helen - - - 
 
 446 
 
 80 ' 
 
 186 
 
 ^g 
 
 St. Michel Coteny - , 
 
 1185 ' 
 
 ' 3 A& 
 
 1 Q*6 
 
 1016 
 
 St. Mary - " .- -. 
 
 1 202 
 
 23.6 
 
 1178 
 
 949 
 
 St. Martin at Oak - - 
 
 ^^5^ 
 
 
 -1698 
 
 
 :St. Asju$in 
 
 1899 
 
 266 
 
 15126 
 
 850 
 
 St. Ge.orge of Colgate 
 
 1272 
 
 259 
 
 I2 95 
 
 11^54 
 
 St. Clement - - - 
 
 : 8<30 r 
 
 ' I2 3 
 
 
 593 
 
 St. Edmund j- - , 
 
 53.1 
 
 .108 
 
 52 
 
 37 
 
 St. Saviour 
 
 593 
 
 162 
 
 810 
 
 701 
 
 St. Paul - . ..; 
 
 
 >9 ' 
 
 1461 
 
 9*1 
 
 .St.>mc.s - - - 
 
 *6o8 
 
 166 
 
 696 
 
 416 
 
 Precintf of the Clofe -' 
 
 
 129 ' 
 
 700 
 
 -6-50 
 
 JVckthprpe fqb. - 
 
 1272 
 
 i*37 
 
 I M.6 
 
 
 Heigbam fub. - 
 
 923 
 
 164 
 
 653 
 
 544 
 
 HAMLSTB. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wcenham - - - i 
 
 436 
 
 3i 
 
 l6e 
 
 221 
 
 Eaton 
 
 2*60 ' 
 
 39 
 
 226 
 
 '53 
 
 Earltam - _! 
 
 66 . 
 
 9 
 
 68 > 
 
 5 
 
 HcJlcfden 
 Thorpe - -> 
 Trowfe, Carrowe, Bracon- 
 
 108 
 
 8-2 
 
 M8 . 
 
 11 
 
 85 
 
 7 . 
 & . 
 
 3 
 
 daje. 
 
 
 
 
 40,051 7,131 36,169 28,881
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 71 
 
 A Table of Baptifms and Bun- The number of people in 
 als in Norwich for 23 years. Norwich In 1693, 175.'., and 
 178'.*', being known by the Pa- 
 rochial lift& page -2, the ave- 
 rage annual increafe between 
 each period is eafily afcertain- 
 ed, and if added to the fur- 
 vey, will nearly give the num- 
 ber living in any particular 
 year. Many other obferva- 
 tions prefent themfelves to an 
 inquifhSve mind, but we will 
 finifli this article by in-ferring 
 from what has been ftated, 
 that Norwich is not inferiour 
 to any place of the fame fize 
 in England, in point of heal- 
 thinefs ; and we hope to be 
 pardoned for adding, plea- 
 fantnefs, plenty, and whatever 
 elfe (if we are well difpofed) 
 contributes toward rendering 
 2o7 73 8 25,383- Hfe comfortable. 
 
 By this Table the annual average number of Births, 
 is 901, 2-thirds, and Burials, 1,103, 2-thirds. 
 
 A Table of Baptifms and Burials in 
 Norwich for xi years: 
 
 Buried under 
 
 Year. Baptized. Buried. 
 
 3719 
 
 993 
 
 1266 
 
 20 
 
 814 
 
 1260 
 
 21 
 
 827 
 
 1026 
 
 22 
 
 889 
 
 728 
 
 23 
 
 949 
 
 5004 
 
 24 
 
 988 
 
 1078 
 
 *! 
 
 921 
 
 932 
 
 26 
 
 931 
 
 823 
 
 27 
 
 865 
 
 1165 
 
 28 
 
 774 
 
 1417 
 
 29 
 
 843 
 
 1731 
 
 3 
 3' 
 
 877 
 938 
 
 1136 
 854 
 
 3 a 
 33 
 
 933 
 937 
 
 10 t I 
 
 981 
 
 34 
 
 955 
 
 i 04 
 
 
 807 
 
 815 c 
 
 5* 
 
 896 
 
 8 9 6 
 
 37 
 
 889 
 
 1405 
 
 38 
 
 996 
 
 1078 
 
 39 
 
 949 
 
 9-74 
 
 40 
 
 910 
 
 1175 
 
 4 1 
 
 851 
 
 I45 6 
 
 Year. 
 
 Baptized. 
 
 Buried. 
 
 10 years old. 
 
 1784 
 
 1164 
 
 1180 
 
 568- 
 
 85 
 
 1227 
 
 1041 
 
 459 
 
 86 
 
 i.* 5 
 
 1368 
 
 650 
 
 87 
 
 1151 
 
 1063 
 
 461 
 
 88 
 
 "54 
 
 IT 9 2 
 
 4 6T 
 
 89 
 9 
 
 1050 
 1055 
 
 1138 
 
 12,9 
 
 425 
 
 656 
 
 9 1 
 
 1096 
 
 II 12 
 
 $l 
 
 92 
 
 /i 1 66 
 
 973 
 
 
 93 
 
 1094 
 
 1161 
 
 573 
 
 94 
 
 963 
 
 I0 6 4 1 
 
 508 
 
 5,6c 7
 
 * 7 2 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 In 1786 the inhabitants were found by a furvey to 
 amount to 41,050. It is evident from the fecond Ta- 
 ble, that the annual average number of burials in Nor- 
 wich for the laft eleven years, is 1,137, 4-elevenths, 
 or rather lefs than one, thirty- fixth of its inhabitants, 
 for 1,137 4-elevenths multiplied by 36 is 40,936. 
 This table exhibits a very fingular fact : In great 
 towns where the burials confiderably exceed the birth?, 
 it has been ftated by the moft refpeflable political 
 arithmeticians, that the number of deaths for any ten 
 years being afcertained, and the annual average multi- 
 plied by 27, or at the utmoft, by 28, the product will be 
 the number of inhabitants it contains. The deaths in 
 Norwich being -not full i-thirty-fixth of the number 
 of inhabitants, proves, either fome error in the com- 
 putations of thofe who have written on the fubjefl, or 
 that the place is at this time fingularly favourable to 
 longevity. Dr. Price has informed us, that half the 
 number of children born in Norwich, die under/"* 
 years of age, and of 1,185 persons <tying here within 
 the year, 664 are children below the age of ten : 
 But by the third and fourth columns of this table it 
 appears, that out of 1,137 who died annually in the 
 laft 1 1 years, 509 only, have been under 10 years eld. 
 Within the fame period, 6,372 males, and 5,933 fe- 
 males were born, which is in the proportion of 20 to 19. 
 * The males born have exceeded the females by 40 
 on an annual average.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOCM*. 73 
 A particular of the" Inhabitants iri 17^6. 
 
 Belonging to the city - 29,200 
 
 Aliens -/ 
 
 Precinft of the Cathedral, and Soldiers ^~ 
 
 Total 41,051 
 
 It appears that the number of houfes in 1752 was 
 7,139, and the inhabitants 36,169, that is j i- fifteenth 
 perfons to each houfe ; iince that time a great ma- 
 ny of the fmaller houfes within the gates have been 
 pulled down, and larger ones erected upon their 
 fue ; the city by this means has been rendered more 
 healthy and beautiful, and to make up for the de- 
 ficiency of houfes within the walls, a great many 
 have been built without the gates, and the whole may 
 now be reckoned at 7,500; which, allowing 5 i-half 
 people to each houfe, makes 41,250, a number fuf- 
 ficiently near to warrant the ccnclufion of there be- 
 ing 7,500 houfes. 
 
 It may further be obferved, that from the year 
 1693 in which the firft enumeration that we know of 
 was taken, to 17^2, a period of 59 years, the inhabi- 
 tants of Norwich had increafed 7,288, or rather more 
 than 123 annually. From 1752 to 1786, that is 34 
 years, the increafe was 4,882, or rather more than 143, 
 communibus annis. Again: From 1693 to 1786,3 
 fpace of 93 years, the increafe was 12,170, or near 
 131 annually. 
 
 If
 
 74 THE NORFOLK TOUR, 
 
 If we fuppofe one perfon at man's eftate to dwell in 
 each houfe, Norwich will be able, on any emergency, 
 to furnifh 7,500 men able to bear arms. 
 
 Finally, admitting the ufual computation to be 
 right, that, at a medium, the proportion of males to 
 females, is as 14 to 13, Norwich has at this time 
 22,047 males, and 19,004 females. 
 
 The combers employ {pinners all the country round ; 
 and the manufacturers ufe many thoufand packs of 
 yarn fpun in other counties, even as far as Yorkfhire 
 and Weltmoreland, as well as considerable quantities 
 of Irifh yarn, which is imported from Dublin and Cork, 
 by way of Yarmouth. 
 
 From the moft accurate calculation lately made it 
 appears, that 12,000 looms are employed in the ma- 
 nufacture, and allowing fix perfons in the whole to 
 each loom, there are confequently 72,000 people em- 
 ployed ; but this is to be understood as a calculation 
 for the whole county, and not for Norwich alone, 
 -where it is acknowledged there are little better than 
 half of the people faid to be employed. It is a common 
 idea in Norwich, to fuppoie each loom, with its atten- 
 dants, to work icol. per annum ; this makes the total 
 amount 1, 200,000!. a very large fum for one manu- 
 facture to produce in a year, and what fome intel- 
 ligent gentlemen engaged in the manufactory have 
 controverted, vrhilft others no left exacl, and from 
 their extenfive bufmefs, acknowledged to be compe- 
 tent judges, are ftill of opinion, that this calculation 
 comes very near the truth. 
 
 The
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. ; $ 
 
 The general amount of the Norwich manufacture, 
 has alfo been calculated thus : 
 
 To Rotterdam by (hipping every fix 1 ,- OjOoo j 
 weeks, goods to the value of per ann. J 
 
 Ten tons by broad wheel'd waggons, ~\ 
 
 weekly to London at 6ool. per ton on > 3 1 2,000!. 
 an average, J 
 
 By occafional {hips to Oilend, Ham- 1 g . 
 burg, the Baltic, Spain and Italy, J 
 
 1, 200,000! . 
 
 Other modes of calculation have been adopted, 
 but the two preceding fo exaftly agree in the fum 
 total, and differ fo little from the reft, that it is un- 
 neceflary to add any more on the fubjedl here. Nor, 
 concife as we wifli to be on this occafion, ought 
 we to omit obferving, that in the feventy years laic 
 paft, the manufacture has incrcafed as from four to 
 twelve. 
 
 The ftaple manufactures are crapes, *bombazeens, 
 and camblets ; befides which they make in great 
 abundance damafks, fattins, alopeens, &c. &c. &c. 
 They work up the Leicefterfhire and Lincolnfhire wool 
 chiefly, which is brought here for combing and fpin- 
 ning, whilft the Norfolk wool goes to Yorkfhire 
 for carding and cloths. And within a few years 
 it has been difcovered, that the Norfolk flieep 
 
 yield 
 
 * Bombazeens were invented in 1575, by the Dutch fettled here, 
 to whom the Corporation granted an exclufive privilege for manu- 
 faflurinc them. 
 
 H
 
 76 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 yield a wool about their necks and {boulders, 
 equal to the befl from Spain ; and is in price to 
 the reft as 20 to 7. The earnings of the manu- 
 facturers are various, dyers and hot-prefTers about 155. 
 a week, combers about izs ; fome of the beft weavers 
 from 145. to a guinea, weavers in general, on an ave- 
 rage, not more than fix Shillings, but then many wo- 
 men can earn as much, and children by fpinning pipe- 
 filling and tyre-drawing, earn from gd. to 2s. 6d. 
 a week each. It is a well afcertained fad, that where 
 the induftrious man with his family earn from 10 to 1 2s. 
 a week, they live happy and comfortable, and feldom 
 want employment, whilft, they whocan earn from l/js. 
 to a guinea a week, too often fpend that in idlenefs 
 which can be procured with fo much eafe, and work 
 two or three days only inftead of fix. 
 
 If 72,000 people as has been ftated do work to 
 the value of 1,200,000!. annually, it is be- 
 tween 1 6 and 17!. for each perfon's wages. The ma- 
 terials are faid to coll one tenth of the total ma- 
 nufacture, or 120,000!. This leaves the amount 
 of labour 1,080,000!. in which is included the profit 
 of the matter manufacturer, and if that is ftaled at 14 
 per cent, and deducted accordingly, it reduces the 
 earnings to about ill. i is. a year for every perfon em- 
 ployed. And it may be ftated as no contemptable fact, 
 that the fame number of people employed in any ma- 
 nufacture, will earn one million a year ; for the vari- 
 ations of earnings in any general given number of 
 people is not very great, let the manufacture be what 
 if may, few of them work more than to live. 
 
 To
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 77 
 
 To the principal Manufacture of that variety of 
 Huffs, which for fome centuries has been carried on 
 with great fuccefs in Norwich, both for foreign mar- 
 kets and home confumption, we have the fatisfa&ion 
 to announce the lats introduction of the Cotton Manu- 
 facture to an extenfive degree, and of ftiawls and a va- 
 riety of fancy goods of the fame kind, for drefs and 
 furniture, which in tafte and elegancy furpafs any 
 tiling of the kind hitherto made in England. The 
 Woollen Cloth Manufacture is alfo carried on to a 
 confiderable extent, and the Iron Foundry finds em- 
 ployment for a number of hands. 
 
 In the year 1738, when Norwich did not in all pro- 
 bability coutainmore than 33,00 people, it was faid r 
 in wealth, trade, buildings and population,, not to be 
 exceeded by any city or town in England, except Lon- 
 don and Briftol ; but fuch are the rapid changes which 
 commerce effects, that in fome of thcfe particulars it 
 is now far furpafled by Liverpool, Manchefler, Bir- 
 mingham, Sheffield, Newcaftle and Bath ; and from 
 being the third place of importance in the kingdom, 
 is become the eighth, as Norfolk, in magnitude, is 
 about the eighth county. It is not hence to be infer- 
 red that the general trade of the city has declined, 
 for whatever viciffitude the principal manufactures for 
 foreign markets may have experienced, the home- 
 trade, there is reafon for believing, has continued to 
 flourilh : In evidence of which it feems fufficient to 
 ftate, that in the year 1738 there were but thirty- 
 {even common carriers who came weekly to the city ; 
 Hz ia
 
 7 8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 In 1794 they amount to one hundred and twenty- 
 four; and the ilage coaches have increafed in a flill 
 greater proportion. 
 
 Norwich adds much to the trade of Yarmouth, by 
 the importation of coals, Trim-yarn, wine, fifti, oil, and 
 all other heavy goods, which come to it from thence 
 by the river Yare, and the exportation of its manu- 
 factures to Ruffia, Germany, Holland, Norway, Spain. 
 Portugal, Italy, Flanders, &c. The goods thus now 
 exported, went formerly through the medium of the 
 London merchants, but fmce the introduction of *fo- 
 reign riders, the manufacturer is alfo the merchant. 
 
 During the laft and the prefent war, Norwich has 
 fupplied the army and navy with above fix thoufand 
 recruits, without feeling any inconvenience from fo 
 large a drain of its acYive inhabitants } but the really 
 indufirious fcldom enlift. 
 
 A LIST of the MEMBERS of PARLIAMENT for 
 the CITY of NORWICH, from the year 1700 to 
 the prefent time, with the STATE of the POLL at 
 each CONTESTED ELECTION. 
 
 November 79, iyci. 
 EDWARD Clarke Efq ; 1 142 
 Peter Thacker, Alderman 1041 
 Rt. Davy, Efq; Recorder 1042 
 Thomas Bloficld Efq; 759 
 
 N. B. Mr. Sheriff Nail alone 
 returned Mr. Clarke and Mr. Da- 
 
 vy, (the ether Sheriff, Mr. Ha- 
 vers, diffenting) and, after an 
 Hearing and Scrutiny before the 
 Committee of Elections, tLe 
 Houfe of Commons declared them 
 duly elected . 
 
 170?, 
 
 * Perfons employed by the Manufacturers to procure orders
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 79 
 
 1704. 
 
 Feb. 2, 17 IS' 
 
 Robert Davy, Efq; 1318 
 
 Waller Bacon, Efq; 1662 
 
 Thomas Blofield, Efq; 1260 
 
 Robert Britifte, Efq; 1652 
 
 Edward Claik, Efq; 953 
 
 Robert Bene, Efq; 1326 
 
 Charles Lord Pafton 933 
 
 Richard Berney, Efq; 1319 
 
 I 73- 
 
 1722. 
 
 Capt. Thomas Palgrave, VICE 
 
 Waller Bacon, Efq; 
 
 Mr. Davy, DECEASED 
 
 Robert Britiffe, Efq; 
 
 1705. 
 
 Aug. 30, 1727. 
 
 Waller Baton, Efqf 1281 
 John Chambers, Efq; 1267 
 Thomas Blofield, Efq} 1136 
 Captain Thomas Palgrave 1074 
 N. B.. Mr. Bacon and Mr. 
 
 Rohert Britiffe, Efq; 1626 
 Waller Bacon, Efq; 1541 
 Miles Branthwayte, Ef; 1265 
 Richard Berney, Efq; 1188 
 
 Chambers not being Freemen, 
 
 M *y 15> '734- 
 
 but only Freeholders, the Sheriffs 
 made a double Return ; bnt on 
 the fitting of the Parliament, 
 
 Horatio Walpole, Efq; 1785 
 Waller Bacon, Efq; 1749 
 Sir Edward Ward, Bart. 1621 
 
 the two ftrft were declared duly 
 elected. 
 
 Miles Branthwayte, Efq; 1 567 
 
 May 19, 1708. 
 
 Feb. 19, 1735. 
 
 Waller Bacon, Efq; 1511 
 John Chambers, Efq; 1412 
 
 Thomas Vere, Efq; vie* 
 W. Bacon, DECEASED 1820 
 
 Thomas Blofield, Efq; 1 139 
 Jamts Brogden, Efq;. 239 
 
 Miles Branthwayte, Efq; 1486 
 May 6, 1741. 
 
 October 18, 1710. 
 
 Horatio Walpole, Efq; 177* 
 
 Robert Bene, Efq j Mayor 1315 
 
 Thomas Vere, Efq; 1 62! 
 
 Rd. Berney, Efq; Steward 1298 
 
 William Clarke, Efq; 829 
 
 Waller Bacon, Efq; 1 107 
 
 '747' 
 
 S. Gardiner. Efq; Recorder 1078 
 
 Rt. Hon. Horatio Walpole 
 
 Aug. or Sept. 1713. 
 
 Rt. Hon. John Lord Hobart 
 
 Robert Bene, Efq; 128* 
 
 
 Richard Berney, Efqj 1272 
 Waller Bacon, Efq; 1141 
 
 April 15, 1754. 
 Rt. Hon. Horatio Walpole 
 
 Robert Britiffe, Efq; 1 707 
 
 Rt. Hon. John Lord Hobart 
 
 H-3
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR, 
 
 June 25, 1756. 
 
 Edward Bacon, Efq; vice H. 
 Walpole, created a Peer 
 
 Dec. 8, 1756. 
 
 Harbord Harbord, Efq; now Ld. 
 Suffield, vice Ld. Hobart. who 
 fucceeded his Father as Earl 
 of Buckingb.amfb.ire, Sept. 22 
 
 Jan. 2, 1760. 
 
 Edward Bacon, Efq; having ac- 
 cepted the office of one of the 
 Commifiioners of Trade, RE- 
 
 ILBCTED. 
 
 March 27, 1761. 
 
 Harbord Harbord, Efq; 1729 
 
 Edward Bacon, Eliq; J 57 
 
 Nockold Tompfon, Efq; 718 
 
 Robert Harvey, Efq; 499 
 
 March 18, 1768. 
 
 Harbord Harbord, Efq; 1812 
 Edward Bacon, Efq; 1596 
 
 Thomas Beevor, Efq; j 136 
 
 Oft. 1774. 
 
 Sir Harbord Harbord, Bart. 
 Edward Baoon, Efq. 
 
 Sept. n, 1780. 
 
 Sir Harbord, Harbord, Bt. j 382 
 Edward Bacon, Efq; U99 
 
 William Windham, Efqj 1069 
 
 John Tburlow, Efq; 
 
 1103 
 
 April 5, 1784. 
 
 Sir Harbord Harbord, Bt. 2305 
 Wm. Windham, Efq; 1297 
 The Hon . Henry Hobart 1233 
 
 Sir Harbord Harbord, Bart, 
 called up to the Houfe of Peers, 
 by the title of Lord Suffield. 
 
 Sept. 15 & 16, 1786. 
 
 The Hon. Henry Hobart 1450 
 
 Sir Thomas Beevor Bart. 1383 
 
 Robert John Buxton, Efq; 10 
 
 A feleft Committee of the Houfe 
 
 of Commons, determined this 
 
 to be a void eleftion, March 
 
 9, 1787. 
 
 March 15, 1787. 
 
 The Hon. Henry Hobart 1393 
 Sir Thomas Beevor, Bart .1313 
 
 June 18, 1790. 
 
 The Hon. Henry Hobart 1492 
 William Windham, Efq; 1371 
 Sir Thomas Beever, Bart. 656 
 
 Mr. Windham having vacated 
 his feat by accepting the office 
 of Secretary at War, an Elec. 
 tion took place, 
 
 July 12, 1794. 
 
 The Hon. Wm. Windham 1236 
 
 James Mingay, Efq; 
 
 770 
 
 THE
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 81 
 
 By a private ad of parliament paffed the 30!. of 
 Geo. II. for regulating Elections for members of par- 
 liament to reprefent the city of Norwich, it is ordered, 
 that every freeman before he polls, " mall fwear, he 
 " has been admitted a freeman of the city for twelve 
 " calendar months laft paft, and has not before polled 
 " at that eleftion." The right of election is in the 
 Freeholders, and fu^h Freemen only of the city 
 as are entered in the books, and do not receive alms or 
 charity. The latter part of this claufe is fufficiently 
 plain, but it is evaded, or has never been enforced. 
 
 THE CASTLE 
 
 NEVER belonged to the city, but always was, and 
 now is, a part of the county of Norfolk. It is fuppofed 
 to have been/r/? built by Uffa King of the Eaft Angles, 
 about the year 575; In 642 it became a royal caftle^ 
 and one of the feats of King Anna. IntheDanifh 
 wars it often changed maftcrs, and after Alfred the 
 Great had overcome that people, he is fuppofed to have 
 creeled tkefrft building oflrici orjlone, about the year 
 872, which was deftroyed by Swain the Dane 1004,. 
 and re-built by his ion Canute 1018. Roger Bigod, 
 Earl of Norfolk, is fuppcfed to have pulled this down, 
 and to have creeled the prefent building on its fite, 
 which was afterwards repaired and beautified by Tho- 
 mas Brothertorc, in the reign of Edward II. Before 
 the year 1135, it was appointed a place of confine- 
 ment for the King's prifoners. In 1189 Richard I. 
 
 made
 
 8a THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 made Roger, fon of Hugh Bigod, conftable of this 
 caftle, but he having joined the rebellious Barons, was 
 difpoflefled of it in 1212, but reinftated on his fubmit- 
 ting to the King, and died conftable in 1220. In 1 240 
 jfee cuftody of the cattle was coihmitted to the fherifF 
 of the county. In 1312 Thomas de Brotherton 
 was appointed conftable, who adorned and crowned 
 it with battlements as it now appears. In 1325 the 
 general quarter feffions of the peace for the county of 
 Norfolk, were ordered to be held i n. the Shire- houfe, 
 eredled within the limits of the caftle, in the parifh 
 of St. John Timberhill, a little on the left of the grand 
 entrance. In 1339 it was granted to the Iherifffor a 
 public gaol for the county, as it ftill remains. In 1381, 
 the cuftody of the caftle or king's gaol, was granted to 
 John.de Grey for life, with the annual ftipend of twenty 
 pounds payable at the Exchequer, being the allow- 
 ance formerly made to the conftable of the faid caftle, 
 and afterward to the (her iff of Norfolk. 
 
 The Caftle, was originally defended by a wall fur- 
 rounding it on the brow of the hill on which it ftands, 
 and by three ditches, over which there were as many 
 bridges : The firft has been immcmorially deftroyed, 
 the ruins ofthefecond remained till the ditches were 
 levelled in 1738 ; the third now (landing, is a Kand- 
 fome bridge of but one arch, of 41 feet diameter; The 
 outermoft ditch extended on the Weft to the edge of 
 the prefent market-place, on the North it encompafled 
 London Lane, on the Eaft it nearly reached King's 
 Street, and on the South to the Golden Ball Lane. 
 The poftern or back entrance into the caftle, was orv 
 
 the
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 83 
 
 the North-eaft, having a communication with the 
 Earl's palace, then occupying the whole fpace be- 
 tween the outer ditch and Tombland. The grand 
 entrance was, as it now is, on the South. The caftle 
 Is fquare, and has within its court a Chapel dedicated 
 to St. Nicholas, which being a royal free chapel, is 
 exempt from all epifcopal jurifdiftion. The chaplain 
 is appointed by the juftices of peace for the county, 
 with a falary of thirty pounds a year. From the fum- 
 mit of the hill, which appears to have been raifed by 
 art, with incredible labour, and ftands almoft in the 
 middle of the city, there is a moft agreeable view of 
 the furrounding buildings, interfperfed with gardens 
 which, together with the adjacent country and river, 
 compofe a moft delightful landfcape. From this inter- 
 mixture of buildings with gardens, Norwich has been 
 compared to " A City in an Orchard." 
 
 The SHIRE-HOUSE, adjoining to the caftle on 
 the North fide, in which the Summer Affixes and 
 Quarter Sefllons are helc and other county buiinef* 
 tranfa&ed, was built by Mr. Brettingham on the fite 
 of that burnt down, on the joth of September 1746. 
 It has two courts of juftice, a large grand jury cham- 
 ber, and other convenient apartments ; particularly a 
 large room on the Weft fide, erefted in the year 1784, 
 having a communication with each court, by which 
 means the Judges are relieved from the difagreeable ap- 
 prehenfion of fqueezing through thofe elbowing crowds 
 which too often block up the avenues to our courts of 
 juftice. 
 
 The
 
 84 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The Caftle-hill was repaired and the ditch and fides 
 of the hill planted with fhrubs and a variety of trees, 
 and a bank thrown up within the boundary, at a con- 
 fiderable expence to the county in the year 1774; but 
 there being none to guard, what was intended both for 
 ufe and ornament, the bank foon fell into decay, and 
 it appeared that the money had been expended to very 
 little purpofe ; this probably fuggefled the idea of di- 
 viding the ditch between the bank and the bottom of 
 the hill, into various allotments, which were given to 
 fuch perfons as chofe to accept of them, and keep up 
 the fences. By this means the hill is kept in good re- 
 pair, the plantations upon the fides are in a flourHhing 
 fhte, and the bottom is laid out into gardens according 
 to the fancy of each poffeffor. Stangers have ac- 
 knowledged the view from the fummit to be fuperior 
 to any thing of the kind in Europe. 
 
 As whatever regards the caftle may be efteemed of 
 confequence by the antiquarian, we have taken fome 
 pains to abridge the ingenious account given of it by 
 Edw. King, Efq. in his obfervations on ancient caftles, 
 published in 1782. 
 
 Mr. King obferves, that an high artificial mount, 
 with a round keep at the top covering nearly the whole 
 furface, are the charafteriftic marks of Norman Caftles, 
 whereas fuch prior Saxon caftles as were built, like 
 Norwich caftle, on great mounts, or ancient barrows 
 of ftill earlier date, cover but nfmall part of the re- 
 fpeftive hills on which they were built. 
 
 There
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 85 
 
 There is indeed a tradition, of the caftle's having 
 been built in its prefent form (a fquare) by Roger 
 Bigod, about the time of William Rufus ; and finally 
 compleated by Thomas de Brotherton, even fo late as 
 the time of Edward II. but this feems to be a miftake, 
 for though it may be true, of the portal, (a) ftair- 
 cafe, outworks, and the many great buildings for- 
 merly inclofed within it's limits and outward walls ; 
 yet, as the Keep or mafter tower (the only confiderable 
 part now remaining) in theftileof its (b) architecture is 
 in many refpefb fo different from that of the towers 
 ere&ed in the reigns of William Rufus and Henry I. 
 and If. and the ornaments vary fo much from thofe 
 ufed in the reign of Edward II. that Mr. King thinks 
 this building of much greater antiquity, and com- 
 pleatly Saxon ; for though King Canute was him- 
 felf a Dane, he undoubtedly made ufe of many 
 S;ixon architects,; as the far greater number of 
 his fubjefts were Saxons : nor is there any authentic 
 account whatever of the definition of the caftle built 
 in his time, either by war or by accident; or of its 
 
 being 
 
 (a) The arms of Thomas de Brotherton are IBM to be feen in part 
 of the wall of the flair-cafe. 
 
 (b) The refemblance which the devifes, and the mode of fortifi- 
 cation, both in this Saxon caftle, and in that at Cokhefter, have to 
 thofe built een in the more improved Norman times, feem to indi- 
 cate, that tre general plan was taken from ftructures of ftill earlier 
 date than either. Efpecklly as the description given by Jofephus 
 of the tower of Antonia at Jerufalem, may lead us to fufpeft this 
 mode of building to be very ancient indeed, and to have been knov/rij 
 and introduced even before the age in which he lived.
 
 86 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 being taken down, in order to eredl the prefent ftruc- 
 ture : certain it is, that all it's *ornaments are in the 
 true Saxon ftile j fo that it is to be confidered as one 
 of the moft compleat Saxon remains in England ; as 
 the bridge leading to it is unqueftionably one of the 
 nobleft and moft perfeft Saxon arches now extant. 
 
 The infide of the caftle, inftead of containing an 
 open yard, as it now does, was filled up with floors of 
 .moil magnificent and fpacious apartments. And al- 
 though the timbers are at prefent removed, yet traces 
 of the original dilpofition of the whole may plainly be 
 obferved by any perfon accuftomed to examine thefe 
 kinds of buildings : and there are Hill vifible the 
 marks of the ftrong partition-wall, running acrofs 
 from Eaft to Weft. 
 
 It appears alfo, that the apartments on the ground- 
 floor of this caftle were vaulted over with ftone ; for a 
 great part of the old vault ftill remains, and alfo the 
 great (lone arches of the buttrefles, and a ftone vaulting 
 where the prefent chapel is. The ancient chapel, 
 mentioned in old records, was, moft probably, on a 
 level with the principal floor, and ftate apartments ; 
 and not here, where there v/as neither light nor a con- 
 venient approach. 
 
 At the extremity of the remaining part of the par- 
 tition wall on the Weft fide, may be feen apart round- 
 ed 
 
 * That the Saxons ornamented many of their buildings very rich- 
 ly, is manifeft from the church at Barfrifton, in Kent; from the 
 well-known tower at St. Edmund's Bury ; and from two church 
 towers at Dover and Sandwich, which are both richly adorned with 
 .pilafters, and frrull round arches, as this caftle is.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 87 
 
 ed off, and now cafed with brick, having the appear, 
 ance of a round tower : and in the middle of this a 
 deep, circular cavity of ftone work, like the pipe of 
 a well, which has been filled up in the memory of per- 
 fons now living. Here therefore was in all probabi- 
 lity, the original well in the wall of the caftle ; as at 
 Rochefter and Canterbury. And it appears that there 
 was alfo a paflage to it from one of the galleries, 
 through the wall, the entrance to which is now brick- 
 ed up, but ftill vifible. 
 
 As to the galleries themfelves, a part of them ftill 
 remains, and it is manifeft, that there were two ; one 
 nearly level with the ftate apartments, and another 
 ftill higher up in the building. 
 
 Although it appears upon record, that this caftlc 
 was ufed as a prifon fo early as the reign of Henry I. 
 yet we mufl by no means conceive from thence that it 
 was ufed for that purpofe only ; and that the whole 
 building was from the firft, a mere prifon, as it now is. 
 The facl feems to have been ; that the vaults or dun- 
 geons of this, and other caftles, fo faid to have been 
 prifons, were appointed by royal authority, to be public 
 and privileged prifons at all rimes ; whereas the dun- 
 geons of other caftles, were permitted to be ufed as 
 fuch only in the times of war, and it was unlawful at 
 other times to confine any perfons therein ; whilftthe 
 upper apartments of all thefe towers, in both cafes 
 were conftantly ufed as ftate apartments, for the refi- 
 dencc of great officers and their attendants, notvvith- 
 
 ftanding 
 I
 
 88 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 ftanding the prifons underneath. And hence perhaps 
 arofe the pradtice, in early times, of committing ft ate 
 prifoners to the cuffody of different lords, at pleafure, 
 which was continued down to the time of Henry VIII. 
 
 The front of the caftle is not precifely facing the 
 Eaft, but rather inclines a little towards the South. 
 Its length is 92 feet 10 inches, and the length of the 
 North and South fronts is 98 feet each : the height of 
 the walls is about 50 feet. 
 
 A vaft pile of building, fomewhat refembling the 
 architecture of the old caftle, was added to it on the 
 Eaft fide in the year 1793. The walls are built with 
 the ftone called Scotch Granite, of a competent thick- 
 nefs to defy efcape, and refift the injuries of time for 
 many centuries to come. Within the fquare are the 
 Gaoler'shoufe, and feparate places of confinement for 
 Debtors and Felons, well adapted to thofe purpofes. 
 THE COVNTY GAOL, over the great arch at the 
 entrance, is fufficiently confpicuous : perhaps the in- 
 genious Stone-mafon, delighted with viewing this 
 ponderous building, and mailer-piece of bis art, was 
 apprehenfive of its intention being miftaken. But if 
 the letters were meant to refemble thofe cf the fame 
 import in the Saxon Alphabet, he furely has not 
 chifeled out a Jlriklng likenefs ; and if the Roman 
 character was his model, hefeems to have been almoft 
 equally unfortunate, unlefs he hoped to impofe upon 
 the credulity of feme future Antiquarian, by clofely 
 imitating the uncouth formation of the latter, as ufed
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 89 
 
 in monumental infcriptions fourteen hundred years 
 ago. 
 
 St. ANDREW'S HALL. 
 
 FORMERLY the monaflery church of the (a) Black 
 Friars, or Benediftine Monks, is a beautiful ilrutlure, 
 about 50 yards in length and 30 wide ; confuting of 
 a nave and two ailes, each half the breadth of the 
 nave, covered with lead, and fupported by twelve 
 neat and very flender pillars, and was new paved in 
 1646. The (b) Mayor's guild-feafts, are always held 
 here ; and in different apartments about it are the 
 courts of Confcience, the Guardians for the poor, &c. 
 This noble fabric was built by Sir Thomas Erping- 
 ham, Knight, who died in 1428, before it was com- 
 pletely finifhed, which was effected by Sir Robert Er - 
 pingham, his fon, reflor of Bracon, a friar in this 
 houfe. The windows were originally of very fine 
 painted glafs, but now entirely demolifhed. The St. 
 George's company ufually held their feafts and meet- 
 ings at the Stone lately removed, which covered the 
 grave of Robert Barnard, Efq. of this city, buried 
 here in 1511. The company or fraternity took its 
 rife in i 389, and were a fociety of brethren and fitters-, 
 aflbciated in honour of the martyr St. George. 
 
 In 
 
 (a) There :s a Print of this In Stevens's Supplement to Dugdale's 
 Monafticon, 171?. 
 
 (b) The firft Mayor's feaft held here was in the year 1544. 
 
 I 2
 
 90 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 In 1704, the company prefented the mayor with 
 the fword of ftate now ufed, in a fcabbard of crim- 
 fon velvet, with gilt lockets and a mourning fcab- 
 bard of black velvet with gilt lockets ; two new 
 ftaves with filver heads, having the city arms, viz. 
 the caftle and lion, on pedeftals of filver, to be borne 
 before the mayor by the two marmal-men, and two 
 new filver badges with the city arms, likewife to be 
 worn by marmal-men when in waiting : at the fame 
 time they had a new ftafF made, with a filver head, 
 reprefenting St. George and the Dragon, the arms 
 of the company, on a pedeflal, to be borne by their 
 beadle before the aldermen of the faid company. 
 
 In 1731, February 24, the committee appointed 
 for that purpofe, reported at an afiembly held that 
 day, that they had treated with the St. George's com- 
 pany, who had agreed to deliver up their charters, 
 books and records, into the hands of the corporation, 
 provided they would pay their debts, amounting to 
 236!. 155. id. which being agreed to, they were ac- 
 cordingly delivered up, and are now depofited with 
 the city records in the Guildhall. 
 
 In the centre of the Eaft end is a clock, over which 
 is carved the effigies of Jufdce, and underneath, the 
 royal arms of England. On each fide hang the 
 pictures of Queen Anne, George Prince of Denmark, 
 Robert Earl of Orford, John Lord Hobart, after- 
 wards Earl of Buckinghamshire, Horatio Walpole, 
 Efq. Lord Suffield, and two Hiftorical Paintings by 
 Mr. W. Martin, of Edward and Eleanora, and the 
 
 the
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 91 
 
 the death of Lady Jane Gray, with feveral Aldermen 
 and benefadors to the city. The figure of St. George 
 killing the Dragon, neatly carved, was placed here in 
 1686, by order of the St. George's Company. 
 
 On the walls in the North and South ailes, are 
 placed elegant paintings at full length, fuperbly 
 framed, of thofe gentlemen who have gone through 
 the public offices of the Corporation with dignity and 
 honour. Thefe paintings ferve at once as a public 
 teftimony of the great efteem the gentlemen repre- 
 fented are held in, and are no contemptible proofs of 
 the abilities of fome of the moft ingenious painters who 
 have refided in, or occasionally vifited the city. 
 
 The fteeple was very neat, and of an hexagonal 
 form at top ; it flood between the nave and the choir, 
 and fell down in 1712. The yard on the South fide, 
 was called the greenyard, where fermons were preach- 
 ed on thofe Sundays and holidays, when there were 
 none at the cathedral crofs : it was alfo ufed as a burial 
 place for thofe who died of the plague in the parifh of 
 St. Andrew ; and in the grand rebellion, the artillery 
 company exercifed here, and depofited their arms in 
 the low rooms adjoining to the porch. 
 
 A handfomeroom for the city Library was re-built 
 in the* GotKic tafte in 1774, under the dire&ion qf the 
 late Mr. Rawlins. 
 
 The earls of Northumberland and Huntingdon, the 
 
 lords Thomas Howard, and Wi!loughby, with many 
 
 other nobles and knights, being on a vifit to the duke 
 
 I 3 of
 
 92 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 of Norfolk, were entertained with their retinue at the 
 Duke's Palace in 1561. The guild happening at this 
 time, William Mingay, Efq. the Bifhop's regifter, 
 then mayor, invited them and their ladies to the feaft ; 
 who all expreffed the greateft fatisfa&ion at their ge- 
 nerous reception. The mayor's {hare of the expence 
 and his bill of fare were as follows. The feaft- 
 makers, four in number, paying the reft. 
 
 At the time this feaft was made money was fix times 
 Its prefent value. 
 
 - < * 
 
 Eight ftone of beef, at 8d. a ftone, and a 
 
 foloin by 058 
 
 Two collars of brawn - o I o 
 
 Pour cheefes at 4d. a cheefe 014 
 
 Eight pints of butter o i 6 
 
 A hinder quarter of veal - o o 10 
 
 A leg of mutton - 005 
 
 A fore quarter of veal - -005 
 
 Loin of mutton and moulder of veal -009 
 
 Bread and coat of mutton - 007 
 
 Six pullets oio 
 
 Four couple of rabbits - o i 8 
 
 Four brace of partridges 020 
 
 Two Guinea cocks - o i 6 
 
 Two couple of mallard o 1 o 
 
 Thirty-four eggs - 006 
 
 Bufliel of flower - 006 
 
 Peck of oatmeal - - 002 
 
 Sixteen white bread loaves 004 
 
 Eighteen loaves of white wheat bread -009 
 
 Three loaves of meflin bread -- 003 
 
 Nutmeg*,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 93 > 
 
 Nutmegs, mace, cinnamon and cloves -003 
 
 4lb. Barbary fugar o i o 
 
 Sixteen oranges - - 002 
 
 A barrel of double ftrong beer - 026 
 
 A barrel of table beer o i o 
 
 A quarter of wood 022 
 
 Two gallons of white wine and Canary 020- 
 
 Fruit, almonds, fweet water, perfumes 004 
 
 The cook's wage* - o i 2 ; 
 
 Total i 12 9 
 
 After dinner, Mr. ,John Martyn, a wealthy and 
 honeftman of Norwich, made the following fpeech, 
 
 * Maifter Mayor of Norwich, and it pleafe your wor- 
 ' fhip, you have feafted us like a King. God blefs 
 ' tire* Queen's grace. We have fed (i) plentifully, 
 ' and now whilom I can fpeak plain Englifh, I hear- 
 * tily thank you maifter Mayor ; and fo do we all. 
 ' Anfwer, boys, anfwer ; your beer is pleafant and 
 
 < potent, and will foon catch us by the caput, and 
 ' flop our manners. And fo huzza for the Queen's 
 ' Majefty's grace, and all her (2) bonny brow'd dames 
 ' of honour. Huzza for maifter Mayor, and our good 
 
 < dame Maycrefs. (3) His nobls Grace, there he is,. 
 
 God 
 
 (1) He is fuppofed to have been a common council-man, or 
 perhaps a flieriff. 
 
 (2) This is familiar enough, and looks as if the fumes of the po- 
 tent beverage had began to attack the hcneft orator's CAPOT. 
 
 fo) The Duke of Northumberland, and his fite.
 
 94 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 ' God biefs him and all this jolly company : To ail 
 ( our friends round county, who have a peony in their 
 
 * purfe, and an Englifh heart in their bodies, to keep 
 oat Spanifh Dons, and Papifts with their faggots 
 ' to burn our whifkers. Shove it about, twirl your 
 
 * cap-cafes, handle your jugs, and huzza for maifter 
 ' Mayor, and his brethren their worfhips.' 
 
 The honefty, freedom, loyalty and good humour of 
 this fpeech would at any time intitle the orator to a 
 patient hearing and an approviug fmile. 
 
 THE GUILDHALL. 
 
 ORIGINALLY a fmall thatched building, ereaed 
 on Carrowe fee for collecting the toll of the maker. 
 In the time of Edward III. it was called the toll-booth, 
 and in the latter part of his reign a fingle room was 
 added to it, of ftud-work, and thatched, from which 
 addition it acquired the name of the Guildhall. In 
 this ftate it continued till the reign of Henry IV. when 
 that prince granting the city a charter for electing a 
 mayor, inftead of bailiffs, it was refolved to build a 
 new Guildhall, Prifons, &c. the Id one being fo very 
 fmall and mean as to have room only to creel a feat 
 for the mayor and fix others to fit. In confequence of 
 this refolution at an aflembly held 1407, John Danyel, 
 Robert Brafyer, and twenty-two others, were elected 
 to compofe a fet of laws for the government of the 
 city agreeable to the charter,' and to confult proper 
 means to raife money for building a Guildhall : This 
 
 matter
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 95 
 
 matter was purfued fo vigoroufly, that within the 
 courfe of the year the work was got fo forward that 
 the arches under it, designed for prifons, were com- 
 pleated. In 1409 the roof was raifed, and in 1412 
 the prifons were made ufe of, but the whole building 
 was not perfected till 1413, when the windows of 
 the council-chamber were glazed, and the che- 
 quer table was placed in it. In 1435, the porch" 
 and tower called the tre-tfury, the lower part of 
 which being the prifon called little eafe, were builf, 
 and in 1440, all the city records, which till that 
 time had lain difperfed in the monaftery of the 
 White Friars, the chapel in the fields, &c. were col- 
 lected together and depofited here. The Halls join- 
 ing to the hall, now covered with lead, were the 
 ancient fcriptories, or places where the writers fat at 
 elections. In ijn, the roof of the council-cham- 
 ber at the Eait end of the guildhall, and the treafury 
 fell down : the council-chamber was repaired in 1523 
 and 1524, but the treafury tower was never rebuilt. 
 The windows contained many ftories on painted or 
 flained glafc, relating to the adminiftration of juftice. 
 The glafs has been fo much broke and mifplaced that 
 little of the original defigns can be collected : but one 
 large and two fmall windows remain perfect at the 
 eaft end, to perpetuate the remembrance of this beau- 
 tiful art. The room is adorned with the pictures of 
 King William and Queen Mary, many eminent men 
 of the county, mayors of the city and other bene- 
 faflors, 
 
 In
 
 96 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 In 1597 > an order was made that " the rooms OH 
 " the Eaft end of the guyld-hall, heretofore ufed for 
 " a common gayle, mall ceafe to be ufed for a pri- 
 " fpn after 20 October next: and that the common 
 " gaol for the county of this cittie, fhall be kept in 
 " the houfe called the Lamb," where it ftill con- 
 tinues. The fherifFs office continued to be kept on 
 the North fide of the Guildhall till 1625, when itw.is 
 removed into the old chapel oppofite to it on the 
 South .fide, but that running into decay was pulled 
 down, and the prefent fherifF's office built on its fite. 
 
 In this Hall the affizes and quarter feffions for the 
 city are held. Here is alfo the mayor's office, for the 
 daily adminiftration of juftice ; the town clerk's 
 and chamberlain's offices ; and all elections for May- 
 or, Aldermen, Sheriffs and Common-councilmen are 
 here determined. 
 
 The ASSEMBLY HOUSE. The veftibule pro- 
 jects about 26 feet from the principal building, and is 
 ij feet wide; afcending four fteps, upon the right 
 is a card room 22 feet fquare, and a proportionate 
 height, and on the left another 22 feet by 28 ; above 
 the card roams are two other rooms of the fame di- 
 rnenfions, and over the veflibule a ftore room. The 
 long room is 66 feet by 23, the ceiling very neatly 
 ftucco'd, from whence hang five elegant glafs luftres, 
 that in the centre having 24 branches, the two next 
 Beach, and the two end ones 14 each j it has five 
 windows on the South fide, and a Venetian one at the 
 Weft end ; is wainfcotted round, about nine feet 
 
 high,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. $ 7 
 
 high-i and above are ftucco pannels, ornamented with 
 feftoons. The fmall room is 50 feet by 27, the ceil- 
 ing the fame as the long room, from whence there are 
 four brafs chanddiers fufpended by gilt links; in 
 other refpe&s, the ornaments are nearly the fame as 
 in the long room. The orcheftras are over the 
 doors at the entrance of each room, fupported by two 
 neat fluted pillars, The tea room is between the two 
 rooms appropriated to dancing, and is 27 feet iquare : 
 an elegant chandelier of 24 branches is fufpended in 
 the centre of the ceiling by a gilt link. On the South 
 fide of this room is a recefs of about ten feet, in the 
 form of a half decagon ; in this place tea and other 
 refremments are delivered out to the company. 
 
 The communication is by two doors with arched 
 cafings, ten feet high and five feet wide, fo conftrucled 
 as to be eafily removed, and then the eye commands 
 at once a fuit of rooms of 143 feet, illuminated by ten 
 branches holding 150 candles ; and the company form- 
 ing into one row, may dance the whole length of the 
 .building. 
 
 The THEATRE, built by the late Mr. Thomas 
 Ivory, after the model of old Drury Lane houfe, 
 will conveniently hold about 70!. and like all others 
 intended for the fame purpofe, appears much to ad- 
 vantage when moderately filled with company, and 
 properly lighted ; 'tis then that any traveller having 
 a tafte for theatrical amufements, neatnefs and ele- 
 gancy, cannot fail of being . agreeably entertained 
 
 with
 
 9 3 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 with the appearance of the audience, the performers 
 and the houfe. 
 
 BLACK FRIAR's - BRIDGE, formerly called 
 New-bridge, was built of timber about the time of 
 Henry V. re-built in the reign of Edward IV. and in 
 1586 again re-built with ftone, this alfo becoming 
 ruinous, and it being thought that the three arches of 
 which it was compofed, too much impeded the paflage 
 of the water, when a flood was to be apprehended, it 
 was taken down in the year 1784, and a new one of 
 Portland ftone with but one arch, built in the fame 
 place, from a plan given by Mr. Soane ; and, as great 
 weights would be conftantly paffing over, it was necef- 
 fary to have the new bridge as flat as poflible without 
 injuring the navigation. The chord line of the arch is 
 forty-two feet. The foundations of the abutments are 
 piled and planked. The vouflbirs of the arch have 
 their joints worked perfectly fmooth, and are fct dry 
 in milled lead, and in the middle of the joint of 
 each vouflbir are inferted two cubes of iron of three 
 pounds weight, let equally into each ftone, and chan- 
 nels are funk from the tails of the vouflbirs to the ca- 
 vities of the iron joggles, andthewhole of the cavities 
 and channels are run full with lead ; the fuperftrufture 
 is finifhed with iron railing, and it is much the hand- 
 fomeft bridge in the city. 
 
 The whole expence of pulling down the old bridge, 
 and building the new one, was one thoufand two 
 hundred and ninety pounds. The fteps next to St. 
 George's bridge-ftreet, which were in Mr. Soane's 
 
 plan.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 99 
 
 plan, are not executed, the houfes being too clofe to 
 the bridge. 
 
 The DUKE's PALACE 
 
 ANCIENTLY confiftad of many tenements, pur- 
 chafed by Alan Percy, clerk, brother to the old Duke 
 of Northumberland : He fold it to the Duke of Nor- 
 folk, in the time of Henry VIII. who converted it 
 Into a palace, and made it his principal place of re- 
 fidence. 
 
 In 1602, the old palace was demoliflied, and a 
 noble one begun by Henry Duke of Norfolk, but 
 Scarcely finifhed before it was pulled down by his 
 grandfon Thomas, on account of the ill-behaviour 
 of the mayor, in not permitting his comedians to en- 
 ter the city with trumpets, &c. From that time it 
 Las been entirely neglecled : The fmall remaining 
 part of the building is hired of the Duke for one of 
 the city workhoufes. 
 
 Dr. Fuller remarks, that this palace was the greateft 
 &e had ever feen out of London, It had a covered 
 Bc-Mling-alley , (the firft of the kind in England) and, 
 when Duke Thomas was taxed in 1596 for afpiring 
 to the Ci-own of Scotland, by marriage with the un- 
 fortunate Queen Mary, he protefted to Queen Eliza- 
 beth, that when he was in his Bo-ivling-alley at Nor- 
 wich, he counted himfelf as great as .a King in Scot- 
 land. 
 
 The BISHOPRIC K. 
 
 THIS Diocefe was once divided into two Bifhop- 
 
 ricks, the one of Suffolk, at Dumvich, then on the fea 
 
 coaft,
 
 loo THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 coaft, now under the water, and generally called 
 Southwold Bay ; the other of Norfolk, at North- 
 Ehnham. Sigebert, King of the Eaft Angles, return- 
 ing out of France, after the death of Gerpenwald, 
 where he had been banifhed, and there converted to 
 chriftianity, and being placed on the throne, had 
 brought over with him Felix, a Burgundian, made 
 him Bifhop of the Eaft Angles, and placed his See 
 atDunwich, in the Eaftern part of Suffolk. In 636 
 his third fucceffor, Bifus, being old, divided this 
 Diocefe into two parts, appointing Bedwin the firft 
 Bifhop of that part which is now called Norfolk, 
 placing his See at North-Elmham in 673. After 
 the death of St. Humbert, the tenth and laft Bifhop 
 of Elmham, "both Sees laid vacant upwards of 100 
 years, by reafon of the devaftations of the Danes. 
 In the year 955 both Sees were joined in one at Elm- 
 ham ,|and continued there till 107^, when Herfaft, or 
 Arfaftus the 2zd Bifhop removed the feat of the See to 
 Thetford, in Norfolk, where it continued till 1088 ; 
 there being only three Bifhops of Theiford ; the lall, 
 Herbert Lefing, or de Lofinga, the 2<fth Bp. tranflated 
 the See to Norwich, in the reign of Wm. Rufus, 1088, 
 where it has continued ever fince. The value of the 
 Bifhoprick is greatly diminifhed fince the Reformation, 
 as King Henry VIII. feized all the lands belonging to 
 it, and gave only in exchange the lands belonging to 
 the monaftery of St. Bennet in the Holme. This See 
 has given to the church of Rome two Saints ; 
 and to the nation fi/e (l) Lord Chancellors, one 
 
 (2) Lord 
 
 (i) 1073 Arfaflu-- Galfagus ioS8 H, Lofinga 1299 Jolm 
 Salmon and again 1310,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 101 
 
 (2) Lord Treafurer, one (3) Lord Chief Juftice, one 
 Bifliop Almoner, and one (4) principal Secretary of 
 State. 
 
 The Biihoprick poflefled revenues of very conlider* 
 able value from the earliell times ; and it now ftands 
 charged in the King's books at 834!. I is. -fd. half- 
 penny, and pays firft fruits but no tenths, they having 
 been remitted by Queen Elizabeth, in lieu of the two 
 manors of Swanton in Norfolk, and Sudbone in Suf- 
 folk, which lhe fevered from the See, during a vacan- 
 cy, on the death of Bimop Hopton. 
 
 The Bifhops of Norwich, by immemorial cuftom, 
 always have, and flill do enjoy a power of union, or 
 uniting any two cures with inftitution, any where 
 within the limits of the diocefe, and of any value; 
 and that either by perpetual or perfonal union. The 
 perpetual union was always made with the confent 
 and approbation of the Bifhop, patrons of the churches, 
 and incnmbents, and anfwers to a confolidation : 
 The perfonal union lafts only during the life of the 
 incumbent ; it anfwers to an Archbifhop's difpen- 
 fation, and requires in this diocefe, only the Bifhop's 
 confent : This right was never difputed by either 
 jiing, Pope, or Archbifliop. 
 
 The Diocefe, befides four peculiars, contains the 
 
 whole counties of *Norfolk and Suffolk, in which there 
 
 K 2 are 
 
 (2). 1332 William Ayrmin -(3) 1200 John Gray*. 
 
 (4) 1426 Wra. Alnewick. 
 
 * Except Emoeth, in Norfolk, Y hioh belongc to the Diocefe of 
 Ely : and four parifhes in Suffolk.
 
 102 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 are 1314 parifhes, 800 in Norfolk, 527 in Suffolk and 
 16 in Cambridgfhire, and of thefe, 385 are impro- 
 priate. It is valued in the King's books at 899!. 
 iSs. 7id. and is computed to be worth near joocl. 
 annually. The clergy's tenth, amounts to 1117!. 
 J js. od. |. 
 
 There are fix Prebends in the church, five whereof 
 .ire in the gift of the King, butprefented toby the Lord 
 Chancellor, or Lord Keeper ; and one is annexed to 
 the Mafterfhip of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and 
 prefented to upon a vacancy by the Fellows of that 
 College with the Mafterfl-u'p. None of the Prebends 
 are charged with the payment of Firft Fruits or 
 Tentlis ; but they pay with the Deanry in lieu there- 
 of, 89!. us. 5d. 
 
 The four Archdeaconries, viz. of Norwich, Nor- 
 folk, Siidbury and Suffolk, are in the gift of the 
 B-ifhop, who appoints alfo the chancellor, principal 
 regifter, and the commiiTaries to the archdeacons and 
 their regiilers, an high fteward, and ileward of courts, 
 a. general receiver of rents, &c. an auditor, bailiffs of 
 the feveral', manors, the general apparitor, and the por- 
 ter to the principal gate of the palace, leading to St^ 
 Martin's Plain. 
 
 The CATHEDRAL. 
 
 THE Cathedral was founded by Bifliop Herbert in 
 j 096,when Roger Bigot with molt of the nobility and Ba- 
 rons of the diocefe affifted at the ceremony, and by pecu- 
 niary
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 103 
 
 niary donations contributed largely to the undertak- 
 ing : this firft building was chiefly comprifed of wood, 
 which by various accidents, and the turbulence of the 
 times, was often greatly damaged by fire. The pre- 
 fent Cathedral is a fine Gothic free-ftone building, 
 brought to the magnificent ftate in which it now ap- 
 pears by the bounty and induftry of its numerous and 
 worthy benefactors at various times, and completed 
 by Wm. Middleton the 36th Bifhop about the year 
 1 2 84. The roof is adorned with various little images, 
 well carved, reprefenting the hiftorical paflages of 
 Scripture, from the creation of the world to the afcen- 
 fionof Jefus Chrift, and the defcentof the Holy Ghoft. 
 The length of the whole building, from the Weft door 
 to the entrance of the chapel of St. Mary the Great, 
 (which ftood at the Eaft end, but is now in ruins) is 
 400 feet ; and the extent of the tranfept or crofs ailes, 
 from the North to South, 180. 
 
 The ftiaft or fpire, is very handfome and well pro- 
 portioned, and the higheft in England except Salif- 
 bury. In 1629 the upper part of it was blown down, 
 and re-built in 1633. It is 105 yards and 2 feet from 
 the pavement of the choir to the top of the pinnacle ; 
 ftrongly built with free-ftone on theoutfide and brick 
 within. The upper window is the higheft afcent in- 
 ward. The top ftone of the fpire confift of half a 
 glebe, one yard two inches broad, with a channel 
 round it; from whence extend eight leaves of ftone, 
 fpreading outward, under which begin the eight rows 
 of crockets, continued down the fpire, at five feet 
 
 Pittance from each other. The weather cock, placed 
 
 Here
 
 104 THE NORFOLK TOUR, 
 
 here at theRefloration , is three quarters of a yard high, 
 and one yard two inches broad, as is alfo the crofs bar. 
 The original church, as left by Bifhop Herbert, 
 confifted of the whole choir, tower,, and the two 
 tranfepts, with the North and South ailes of the choir 
 beyond the tranfepts, and extended to the divifion 
 between the nave and the anti-choir, and no further ;. 
 the lower part of which, now remaining, is the origi- 
 nal building ; but fome of the ornaments between the 
 arches, and the entire rcofs and upper parts, are of a 
 later date. After the building was completed, it was 
 dedicated to the honor of the Holy Trinity, on the 
 24th of September, on which day the dedication feaft 
 was annually celebrated. Bifhop Eborard, who fuc- 
 ceeded Herbert, built the whole nave, or body of the 
 church, and its two ailes from the anti-choir or rood- 
 loft door, to the Weft end ; and the prefent building, 
 except the roof of the nave and Weftern end, is of his 
 foundation. 
 
 This was the ftate of the church till 1171, when 
 it received confiderable damage by an accidental fire; 
 which was fully repaired by John of Oxford, the fourth 
 Bifhop, about the year 1197, who completely fitted 
 up and oanamented the church, and prefented it with 
 a new fet of veftments. 
 
 The next addition to this pile was the noble chapel 
 of the Virgin Mary, or St. Mary the Great, built by 
 Walter de Suffield, the tenth Bifhop ; a perfon fo re- 
 markable for fan&ity and goodnefs, that his fhrine 
 was vifited by pilgrims from various parts, and nu- 
 merous miracles were faid to be wrought at his tomb. 
 
 This
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 105 
 
 This wonder- working power received a full confirma- 
 tion from the miraculous efcape, as they termed it, of 
 this chapel from the rage and fury of the citizens in 
 1272; when the whole church, tower, and adja- 
 cent buildings, were totally defaced by fire, in an in- 
 furreclion of the citizens, occasioned by a violent drf- 
 pute they were then engaged inwith the monks. This 
 affair cod the city three thoufand marks, which, with, 
 the liberal donations of the King, Queen, Bifhop and 
 Nobility, fo fully repaired and completed the church, 
 that on Advent Sunday, 1278, King Edward I. and 
 Eleanor his Queen, the Bifhops of Lomlon, Hereford,, 
 and Waterford, and feveral of the Nobility, were pre- 
 fent at its re-dedication by Wm. de Middleton, then 
 enthroned Bifhop of the See. At the fame time, 
 John de Chifil, Bifhop of London, dedicated the 
 altar where the body of St. William was buried, to 
 the honour of our Saviour and all Saints ; Thomas 
 de Canteloupe, Bifliop of Hereford, dedicated the 
 oppofite altar, by the choir door, to the honour of the 
 blefled Virgin, St. John the Baptift, St. Giles the Ab- 
 bot, and all holy Virgins j and Stephen Bifhop of 
 Waterford in Ireland, dedicated the altar, at the 
 facrift's chamber-door, to St. Peter and Paul, and 
 all the Saints. But it foon after appearing that the 
 old tower was much weakened by its being fet on 
 fire in the late infurreftion, a new one was erefted by 
 Bifliop Ralph de Walpole, and entirely finifhed at 
 his fole expence. 
 
 In 1361, on the ijth of January, the fteeple of the 
 cathedral was blown down, by which accident the 
 choir received confiderable damage j to repair which, 
 
 Bifhop
 
 ro6 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Bifhop Percy gave 400!. and obtained an aid of $#. 
 in the pound from his clergy for the fame purpofe : 
 and from thefe funds the prefent tower was built, and 
 the fpire erecled. In 1629, the upper part of the 
 Ipire was blown down and re-built in 1-33. 
 
 In 1463 the church was confiderably damaged with 
 lightening, which was the means of its receiving very- 
 large improvements and additions : For it was at this 
 time, that the noble roof covering the nave of the 
 church, and carved with moft of the principal ftories 
 of the Old Teftament, and the upper part of the nave 
 itfelf, were begun and finifhed at the expence of Bifhop 
 Lyhert and his friends : Who alfo paved the Cathe- 
 dral, built the ftone rood-loft now remaining, and 
 ere&ed a tomb over the founder, which was deftroyed 
 in the grand Rebellion : And that the memorial of 
 fuch worthy benefaflors, might be tranfmitted to pof- - 
 terity, the windows of the nave were adorned with the 
 arms of England, Edward the Confeflbr, Charles Earl 
 of Richmond, and many other eminent perfons. 
 
 After Lyhert's death, Bifhop. Goldwell, his fuc- 
 ceflbr, beautified the tower and the roof of the choir, 
 with the f5me kind of work as his predeceflbr had or- 
 namented the nave ; fitted up the choir itfelf and cha- 
 pels adjoining, in the form they remained in till the 
 late alterations, by Bifhop Younge ; and covered the 
 vaulted or arched ftone roof with lead. 
 
 In 1509 Bifhop Nix repaired the the tranfept ailes 
 which had been much damaged by a late fire, and 
 covered them with a ftone roof. Thus the church re- 
 mained till the diffolution, when the crucifixes, ima- 
 ges
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 107 
 
 ges and pictures, were removed, and rfie arches 
 where the images ftood filled up, and whitened over. 
 In 1601 part of the fpire was ftruck down by light- 
 ning;, but the damage was Toon repaired; and the 
 church continued m this ftate, till the outrageous de- 
 vaftations committed i-n it in the year 164*, by 
 order of the then ruling powers, wha demolifhed 
 the organ, broke the pa-inted glafs in- the windows,, 
 defaced the monuments, defiroyed the veflments, and 
 eommitted every kind of facrilege, under the pious 
 mafk of pure religion, and neceffary reformation. 
 
 At the Reftoration, the church was fitted up again 
 in its former manner ; and in the Tame place where 
 the organ had flood, the prefent one wa& erected by 
 Dean Crofts and the Chapter, and afterwards beauti- 
 fied by Dean Aftley. At the fame time the prefent 
 cope was given by Sir Philip Harbord, then high, 
 {heriff of Norfolk : And the city gave lool to pur- 
 chafe plate for the altar. 
 
 From that time till about the year 1740, very little- 
 had been done, when Dean Bullock and the Chapter 
 caufed it to be thoroughly cleaned and repaired. It 
 was again completely repaired and beautified by the 
 Dean and Chapter in Bifhop Younge's time, 1765. la 
 the windows at the Eail end of the choir is a repre- 
 fentation of the transfiguration, and the twelve apof- 
 tles, painted on glafs, by Dean Lloyd's Lady : It is al- 
 lowed to be a very curious piece of workmanfhip, and 
 the choir is now cue of the moft complete and beau- 
 tiful in the kingdom.. 
 
 Th*
 
 io8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The beft general view of the Cathedral, is from the 
 North fide, in the Bifhop's garden. 
 
 The CLOISTER, fituated on the South fide of 
 the church, is the Jargeit quadrangle of the kind in 
 England, each fide meafuring about 58 yards in 
 length, is near 14 feet broad, and 16 feet fix inches 
 high ; the ftone roof being ornamented with elegant 
 carvings, reprefenting the vifions of the Revelation, our 
 Saviour's Crucifixion and Refurre&ion, the Legends of 
 St. Chriftopher, St. Lawrence, &c. At the grand 
 entrance at the South-weft corner, the Efpoufals, or 
 Sacrament of Marriage, arc carved in ftone ; and as 
 foon as you enter the Cloifter from hence, on the left 
 hand, are the two lavatories, where the monks ufed to 
 wafh their hands. Over one of them is carved a fox 
 in a pulpit, in the habit of a fecularprieft, holding up 
 a goofe to his auditory : Intended as a reflection on the 
 fecular clergy, or parilh priefts, to whom the monks 
 bore an inveterate hatred. 
 
 In 1297, Robert de Walpole, Bifhop of Norwich, 
 undertook the building of that part of the cloifter 
 lying on the South fide of ^the church, and the old 
 chapter-houfe ; which he finimed, together with fo 
 much of the cloifter as extends from the grand en- 
 trance into the church, called the prior's entrance, 
 with all its curious work, to the pafiage leading 
 to the chapter-houfe, now to Life's Green, near 
 to which he caufed a ftone to be placed, with this in-, 
 fcription : 
 
 " Dominus Radulfus Walpole Norwicenfis epif- 
 " copus me pofuit." 
 
 Richard
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 169 
 
 Richard de Uppehall, whom the Bilhop employed 
 in directing thefe works, added three more of the 
 arches on that fide of the cloifter ; the other five 
 arches, and the South fide of the cloifter reaching to 
 the arch over which the efpoufals, or facrament of 
 marriage, are carved, were built by Bifhop Salmon 
 and his friends ; and by the profits arifing from the 
 office of pittancer, which the convent expended on 
 this work. The North iide adjoining to the church, 
 was creeled by Henry de Weil, who expended there- 
 upon the fum of two hundred and ten marks, over 
 and above zol. given by John de Hancock, and a 
 portion of the pittance money alloted fer that pur- 
 pofe. The Weft fide, beginning at the efpoufals 
 aforefaid, together with the fumptuous carved en- 
 trance near the refectory or common eating hall, the 
 lavatories, and the door entering into the ftrangers 
 hall, were built by Jeffrey Simonds, Rector of St. 
 Mary in the Marfli, at the expence of lool. and the 
 part ranging from the ftrangers hall-door, to the en- 
 trance into the church, together with that entrance, 
 by the executors of Bilhop Wakeryng. 
 
 In 13^2, Walter de Berney, citizen of Norwich, 
 gave lool. towards the iron work and glazing of the 
 cloifter windows ; which work was perfected at the 
 charge of the feveral families of" Morley, Shelton, 
 Scales, Erpingham, Gowrney, Mowbray, Thorpe, 
 Savage, &c. whofe arms wbre to be feen in the win- 
 xlows of the cloifter, above the bars, before the gla- 
 zing was ' demolimed. This famous and elegant 
 cloifter was finifhed in 1430, in the hundred and 
 thirty-third year from its being firft undertaken. 
 
 Th
 
 jio THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The BISHOP'S PALACE ftand* on the North fide 
 ,of the church : It was built by Bifliop Salmon, about 
 the year 1-320, and within half a century has been 
 eonfiderably improved, and the gardens elegantly 
 laid out. 
 
 The gate, called Erpingham's or Lower Gate, 
 built by Sir Thomas Erpingham, leads to the Weft 
 ' entrance of the cathedral ; upon the outfide of the 
 gate, are the Efcutcheons and arms of Erpingham, 
 and of Clop; on and Butler, being an Orle of Mart- 
 lets ; or fuch families who married with the Erpipg- 
 ham's. The word Ptzna, which is feveral times -re- 
 peated upon the gate, mews it to have been : built by 
 way of pennance. On the left hand through the 
 gate, is the Free Grammar School, formerly a chapel 
 dedicated to St. John the Evangel! ft. 
 
 The Deanry was formerly the prior's lodge, and 
 with the long inclofed gallery, where the 'fick monks 
 ufed to \valk, ftiil remain entire. 
 
 In digging &>r gravel in the burial ground inclofed 
 .by the cloifter.vof Norwich Cathedral, in i';88,-when 
 part of the lower clofe was inclofad, and a handfome 
 garden made, fome few bones and abundance of hair 
 was found belonging to bodies, that by the grave- 
 flones were afcertained to have been buried from 6o 
 to 180 years. Some of the hair was four feet in 
 length, and of a beautiful brown colour. The reafon 
 of hair living fo long ia the earth, has by many been 
 attributed to .the low da,mp fituatkm of the cathedral. 
 
 St. 'PETER
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. m 
 
 St. PETER of MANCROFT. 
 
 THIS is the principal parifh in the city, and witk 
 the parishes of -St. Giles and St. Stephen, confti- 
 tutes the great ward of Mancroft. At the com- 
 mencement of the Confeflbr's reign it was an opea 
 field ; that part of it now the market-place, being 
 the great croft, or clofe, of the caftle, upon the out- 
 ward Weft ditch of which it abutted. From its fitu- 
 ation, the church, built on the South-weft part, 
 was diftinguifhed by the name of Magna Crofta, or 
 Mancroft. Towards the end of the Confeflbr's reign 
 (1066) it began to be inhabited ; and at the Conque- 
 ror's furvey, the whole eld was owned and held by 
 de Waiet, or Gauder, Earl of Norfolk, in right of 
 his caftle, who granted it to the King in common, to 
 make a new burgh between them, which contained 
 the entire parishes of St. Peter of Mancroft and St. 
 Giles. This Robert founded the old church of St Pe- 
 ter and Paul at Mancrofu 
 
 St. PETER's CHURCH, (landing in an elevated 
 fituation, near the Weft or upper fide of the market- 
 place, was begun in 1430 and finifhed in 14,5. It 
 has a fine fquare tower rteeple, 98 feet high, though 
 defigned at firft to have been much higher, as appears 
 both from the double buttrefTes reaching to the top, 
 and the thicknefs of the walls : In this tower there is an 
 excellent peal of twelve bells, caftby Mefirs. Pack and 
 Chapman, of London, in 1775, tne Tenor weighing 
 41 cwt. The mgney paid for exchanging the old ten 
 bells for this new peal of twelve, amounting to 
 L mere
 
 H2 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 more than 8ool. was raifed by voluntary fubfcription. 
 The whole building is of free-ftone, extending 212 
 feet, the breadth from the North to South 6fc feet, 
 the ailes are 20 feet broad, the nave 39 and 90 feet 
 long, The height from the pavement of the nave to 
 the fummit of the roof is 60 feet, the whole being 
 covered with lead, and fupported by two rows of pil- 
 lars, remarkably neat and flender, forming eliptic 
 arches at their top. 
 
 The chancel is fixty feet long, and the fame, 
 breadth with the nave. At the Eaft end of the chan- 
 cel is the old veftry, and under it a room called the 
 treafury, fupported by an arch : The prefent veftry is 
 in the South-eaft corner of the church. The high 
 altar, which is very advantageoufly raifed above the 
 reft of the church, ftands upon another arch, through 
 which there formerly laid a common paflage, now 
 flopped up. The akar-piece representing the ftory 
 of St. Peter being delivered out of prifon, was 
 painted by that ingenious artift, Mr. Catton, and 
 prefented to the parim by Alderman Starling, in 
 1768. The furniture of the altar is crimfon velvet, 
 and the plate exceedingly grand, all but one cup be- 
 ing double gilt : One piece of it is remarkably curi- 
 ous, being an elegant ftanding cup and cover, of 
 iilver, double gilt, weighing 46 oz. i gr. i pt. given 
 by Sir Peter Gleane, Knight, whereon is beauti- 
 fully chafed the ftory of Abigail bringing prefents 
 to David. 
 
 In the veftry hangs a neat old painted carving in 
 alabafter, of nine female faints, probably defigned 
 for fome altar of St. Margaret, who is the principal 
 
 figure/
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 113 
 
 figure, and here reprefented as holding down a dra- 
 gon ; amongft the reft is St. Hi Ida, holding a book and 
 paftoral ftafF, and St. Barbara, a tower and palm- 
 branch. There are alfo paintings of our Saviour's 
 Refurreftion, and St. Paul in prayer, and a few books, 
 the moil curious of which, is an oclavo manufcript 
 bibfe upon vellum, written in 1340, and a folio ma- 
 nufcript much more ancient, containing all St. Paul's 
 epiftles with a comment ; it is beautifully illuminated 
 and formerly belonged to Robert de Nowell. 
 
 St. LAURENCE'S CHURCH 
 
 STANI>S upon the fpot, which before the retreat 
 of the fea, and whilft this continued aconfiderable 
 tifhing town, was the quay or landing-place for all 
 herrings and other fiih brought into thi city. The 
 tithes of this fishery were fo cenfiderable, whilft in the 
 hands of the Bifhopofthe Eaft Angles, that about the 
 year 1038 on Bifhop Alfric's granting the quay, 
 ftaithe, hagh (or clefe inclofedwith hedges) together 
 with the adjoining manfion, to Bwy-abbey, and the 
 abbot's undertaking to build the church, he refer ved 
 to his monaftery a yearly payment of a laft of her- 
 rings. On this hagh, in the time of the Confeflbr, 
 the parim began to be built, the abbey having part- 
 ed with it ; though they referved the quay or ftaithe, 
 on which they founded the old church, which was 
 a reftory in two medieties : The abbey had the houfe 
 and one mediety, and the reftory the other. In 
 William Rufus's time the medieties were joined, and 
 ever fmce it hath continued one entire reclory. The 
 L 2 laft
 
 ii4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 laft of herrings, payable by the reftor of the abbey, 
 was converted into a yearly payment of 405. fome 
 time in the re: gn of Henry III. which continued to 
 be paid till that of Henry VII. when it was remitted 
 on account of the inaallnefs of the profits. The 
 reftory being valued at five marks was taxed at half 
 a mark, and paid 3d. fynodals. It remains in the 
 King's books at 4!. 13$. gd. and being fworn of the 
 clear yearly value of i61. 55. nd. is difcharged of 
 firft fruits and tenths, and capabk of augmentation. 
 
 The old church was pulled down about the year 
 1460, and the prefcnt beautiful and regular pile 
 finifhed in 1472, at the expence of the abbot and 
 monailery of Bury, the pariihioners, and many pri- 
 vate benefactors. It confifts of a noble fquare tower, 
 one hundred and twelve feet high, having a door at 
 the Weft end ; over it on the North part is carved a 
 reprefentation of the martyrdom of St. Laurence in 
 fame ; the faint is feen broiling on a grid-iron, and 
 the foldiers are bufied in tending the fire. On one 
 part is figured a King crowned, defigned to reprefent 
 the FATHER, with a fword in his hand, ftriking at 
 the Emperor Decian, at whofe command this cruelty 
 was exercifed on the faint, who is falling under the 
 ftroke. On the other fide is another piece of carv- 
 ing, reprefenting Edmund the King tied to a tree, 
 and the Danes fhooting arrows in his body ; nea* 
 them lies his head among fome bulhes, alluding to 
 the part of the legend, which fays, that when they 
 could not kill him with arrows, Hinguar the Danifh 
 General ordered them to fmite off his head, and 
 throw it amongft the thickeft thorns in an adjacent 
 
 wood.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 115 
 
 wood, where a wolf finding it, preferred it from be- 
 ing devoured by any bird or beaft of prey, till it 
 was difcovered by the Chriltians, and buried with 
 the body. 
 
 The CHAPEL in St. George's of Colgate, is an 
 elegant o&angular ftrufture, built in the year 175.6 
 by the late Mr. Thomas Ivory. 
 
 The NORFOLK and NORWICH HOSPITAL 
 without St. Stephen's gate, is a very neat building 
 in the form of an H ; it coft 9,295!. was ereded and 
 is ftill fupported by voluntary contributions, and was 
 firft opened for the reception of in-patients Novem- 
 ber 7, 1772. 
 
 The phyficians and furgeons attend in turn to take 
 in-patients, every Saturday, at eleven o'clock in the 
 forenoon ; and every Tuefday, at the fame hour, to 
 prefcribe to the out-patients. 
 
 The Governors meet every Saturday at eleven 
 o'clock, to tranfadl the bufinefs of the hofpital. 
 STATE OF THE PATIENTS 
 
 From JULY u, 1792, to JULY 17, 1793. 
 
 Patients remaining on the books laft year 
 Patients admitted from July n, 1792, to July 
 17, J793- 
 
 Relieved 
 
 Difcharged 
 
 Deaths 
 
 Remaining on the books 
 
 C Cured 
 
 I Relies 
 
 I Not likely to receive benefit 
 J Incurable - - 
 
 > For non-attendance 
 
 j At their own requeft 
 
 I Went away without leave 
 
 L For irregularity - 
 
 450' 553 1043
 
 ii6 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 N. B. There appear to have been twenty fix in- 
 patients lefs and twenty-fix out-patients more dif- 
 charged than were admitted becaufe twenty-fix who 
 were admitted as in-patients were afterwards made 
 out-patients. 
 
 One hundred and fixty-one patients have this year 
 
 been admitted as cafualties, and cafes that would not 
 
 admit of delay, of whom one hundred and thirty-one 
 
 have been difcharged cured, two greatly relieved, one 
 
 by requeft, eight have died, and nineteen remain on 
 
 the books ; fixty of them were fractures to whkh the 
 
 doors of this Hoafe are open at all hours, without any 
 
 particular recommendation ; fix have undergone the 
 
 operation for the ftone, and were cured. 
 
 A GENERAL ACCOUNT of the PATIENTS ad- 
 
 mitted and difcharged from the firft opening of the 
 
 Hofpital for Out-Patients, July nth, 1772, and for 
 
 In-Patients, Nov. yth, 1772, to July 7th, 1793. 
 
 j In. [Out. i Tot. 
 Patients admitted- - .8170(5966.4136 
 
 Difcharged J " 
 
 Cured 
 
 Relieved - 
 
 Not likely to receive benefit 
 
 ncurae 
 
 For non-attendar 
 j At their own rec 
 J Went away with 
 
 v. For irregularity - 
 
 queft 
 hout leave 
 
 "53'9 
 
 -I C4 
 
 88 
 
 176 
 
 568 
 54 
 
 44 
 405 
 
 7* 
 
 3^68 
 1125 
 
 8587 
 2329 
 127 
 284 
 1204 
 5 Sz 
 
 Deaths - - - 405 174 579 
 
 Remaining on the books - 7 g 160 238 
 
 7836)63001:4731 
 
 N. B. There appear to be three hundred and thirty- 
 four in-patients lefs, and three hundred and thirty- four 
 out-patients more difcharged than were admitted, be- 
 caufe three hundred and thirty-four who were admitted 
 as in-patients w.ere afterwards made out-patients. 
 
 BETHEL
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 1,17 
 
 BETHEL or BEDLAM. 
 
 FOUNDED by the third daughter of John 
 Man, Efq. and widow of the Rev. Mr. Samuel 
 Chapman, reftor of Thorpe by Norwich, in the year 
 1713, " for the convenient reception and habitation 
 oflunaticks, and not for natural-born fools or ideots." 
 According to the defire and advice of her late huf- 
 band, by her will, dated Dec. 4 1717, Ihe fettled all 
 her eftates in Norfolk and Norwich on truftees, 
 giving to them, and the majority of them, the fole 
 power and management of the houfe, ordering them 
 to choofe,' and place, or difplace the mailer (who is 
 to dwell therein and take care of the lunaticks) and to 
 appoint phyficiarcs, apothecaries, &c. Thofe only 
 who are deititute of friends or relations to be kept 
 there gratis , and according to the directions of the 
 will there are as many poor deftitute lunaticks kept 
 as the revenues will afford, (which are greatly in 
 creafed through the gcod management of the truf- 
 tees and by numerous benefactions) the inhabitants of 
 the city of Norwich being always to be preferred : 
 and whenever it mall happen that the truftees be en- 
 abled to maintain more than the city offers for relief, 
 they are then impowered to receive fuch objects from 
 any parifh in the county of Norfolk or elfewhere : but 
 the phylician muft firft certify that they are proper 
 objects, and the mafter have an appointment under 
 the hands of a majortiy of the feven truftees before he 
 can receive any one into the houfe. The truftees may 
 aifo admit lunaticks vvhofe friends or parifhes agree to
 
 n8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 pay them the moderate allowance of 48. or 45. 6d. a 
 
 A very elegant committee room has been lately 
 built, which is adorned with the portraits of the 
 foundrefs and feveral of the trultees 
 
 The mafter.'s falary, befides his dwelling and two 
 chaldrons of coals yearly, ie forty pounds; ten pounds 
 of that fum are in lieu of rhe money given by thofe who 
 vifit the houfe, now put into a box, the keys of which 
 are in the truftee* hands, and applied by them to the 
 increafe of the foundation. 
 
 The PUBLIC LIBRARY. In Oaober 1794* the 
 Public Library was removed from the city Library 
 room, adjoining to St. Andrew's Hall, to the build- 
 ing formerly the Roman Catholic chapel, in Wymer- 
 ftreet, where books are delivered by the Librarian to 
 the fubfcribers every day between the hours of eleven 
 and two, Sundays and the following days excepted,, 
 2 ^th of May, 4th of June, the Guild-day, and the 
 day preceding ; 25th of Odlober and 5th of Novem- 
 ber. 
 
 Several churches and other buildings- in the city 
 are encrufted with cut flints. The North wall of 
 * Bridewell, thus built, is feventy-fix feet in length, 
 by about twenty-five feet high, andefteemed to bs one 
 of the greateft curioiuies of the kind in. England. 
 
 The 
 
 * Bridewell was built by Bartholomew Appleyard about the year 
 1370* Wm. Appleyard his fon, the firft Mayor of Norwich, ferved 
 his Mayoralty, here in 1403. The building was burnt down Oft. 
 Z2 > J 75 J > an d again much damaged by fire July z8, 1753.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 119 
 
 The * flints are fquared to fuch a nicety that the edge 
 of a knife can fcarcely be infinuated between the joints : 
 moil of them are about three inches fquare, the furface 
 is very fmooth, and no brick-work can appear more 
 regular. 
 
 A gentleman d^firons of fpending a few days in 
 Norwich, and of being acquainted with every thing in 
 it worth obfervation, will not omit of feeing the vari- 
 ous employments of its extenfive manufactories, in 
 Huffs, cottons, Shawls, and other ornamental furniture, 
 the firft and laft of which are here carried to a per- 
 fection no where elfe to be met with in England. Of 
 the public buildings, we recommend to his particular 
 notice, the Cathedral, with the adjoining cloilters ; 
 the Caftle ; the Barracks ; St. Andrew's Hall ; the 
 Guild Hall in the market-place ; St. Peter of Man- 
 croft Church ; the Theatre, and the AfTembly Houfe. 
 The Buildings in St. Giles's-ftreet and Surrey-ftreet, 
 and Mrs. Chambers's Houfe on St. Catherine's-hill, 
 will well repay the trouble of a tranfient view. There 
 are two good general profpe&s of the city ; one on 
 the South eaft, from the meadows leading toward 
 Thorpe ; the other on the North eaft, from the {hoot- 
 ing ground : The view from the lower part of Bra- 
 con dale-hill will amply gratify any gentleman hav- 
 
 * Mr. Talman fays that the Jews introduced the art of fquaring 
 flints : and Dr. Cromwell Mortimer, Secretary to the Royal Society, 
 in a note on a paper of Mr. Arderon's on this very wall, obferves, 
 that the gate of the Auftin Friars, at Canterbury, that of St. John's 
 Abbey, at CoJchefter, and the gate near Whitehall, Weftminfter, are 
 in the fame tafre. But the platform on the top of the Royal Obfer- 
 vatory at Paris, which, inftead of being covered with lead, is paved 
 with flint after this manner, is an inftance that the French have in. 
 fame meafure recovered this. art. Phil, Trani', abr.vol. 10, p. 1304*
 
 *20 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 ing a tafte for beautiful landfcape ; and the public 
 Gardens or Chapel field, may adminifter fome confo- 
 lation to a half weary traveller after perambulating 
 our ill-paved ftreets. 
 
 AMES fays the Art of Printing was firft invented 
 about 1457, but by whom, or at what place it was firft 
 praftifed, typographical hiftorians are not agreed. 
 Hollingmed gives the honor of the invention to John 
 Guthenberg, and fixes the place to Mentz, in Ger- 
 many, about 1440, Fox and others contend, that 
 John Fuft, or Fauftus, a goidfmith of Strafburg, and 
 afterwards citizen of Mentz, was the inventor, about 
 the year 1450, and that Guthenberg learnt it of him. 
 The people of Harlem in Holland, confer the fame 
 honor upon Laurence Colter, their fellow citizen. 
 From fuch a contrariety of evidence it is now impof- 
 fible to determine who was the inventor of this noble 
 art, which foon (pread over the greater part of Europe, 
 rapidly diffufing knowledge and learning among 
 mankind. Though the art is faid to have been in- 
 troduced into England about 1457, we do not know of 
 any book printed in this kingdom of fo early a date, 
 and if it was then at all known amongft us, it muft 
 have been confined to fome few of the Religious, 
 who are accufed of having fold the books fo printed, 
 for Manufcripts A deception which had been prac- 
 tifed by Fuft, whet* he carried feveral copies of the 
 firft great work in printing (the Bible in Latin) to 
 Paris. Be this as it may, William Caxton, a mercer 
 of London, certainly learnt this art in Flanders or 
 Germany about 1457, after he was more than 50 
 years old, and there printed an Englifti tranflation of 
 Recuyel or the Mltory of Troy in 1471, foon after
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. I2( 
 
 which he returned into his native country, and the 
 firft book known to he printed in England by him, is 
 a translation from the French of T.HE GAME /OP 
 CHESS, 1474, which if not the Jirft book prjntsd in 
 England, is certainly the Jirft that was printed in this 
 country with fujil meted types : .For though Frediric 
 Corfelli, a Dutchman or German, is faid to have print- 
 ed at Oxford, in 1468, Sancti Hieronymi expofitio in 
 Symbolum Apcftolorum y it has been doubted, whether 
 there ever was a Printer of that name in England, 
 and if there was, the book here noticed is printed w ith 
 feparate wooden types. 
 
 Thomas Bouchier, elected ArchbUhop of Canter- 
 bury in 1554, deferved highly of the learned world, 
 for being the principal inftrument in introducing the 
 noble art of printing into England. This difcovery 
 being fo beneficial to learning, and its introduction 
 among us reflecting fo much honour on this Prelate's 
 name, a Ihort account of it may not be unacceptable 
 in this place. The Archbifhop being informed that the 
 inventor John Guthenberg, had fet up a Prefs at Har- 
 lem, was extremely defirous that the Englilh might 
 be made matters of fo beneficial an art. To -this pur- 
 pofe he perfuaded King Henry VI. to difpatch one 
 Robert Tournour, belonging to the wardrobe, pri- 
 vateiy to Harlem. This man, furniflied.with a thou- 
 fand marks, of which the Archbimop fupplied three 
 hundred, embarked for Holland, and, to difguife the 
 matter, went in company with -one Caxton, a mer- 
 chant of London, pretending -himfelf to be f the fame 
 profeffion. Thus concealing his name and his bufi- 
 
 nefs,
 
 S22 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 nefs, he went firft to Amfterdam, then to Leyden, 
 and at 1aft fettled at Harlem ; where having fpent a 
 great tieal of time and money, he fent to the King for 
 a frefti fupply, giving his Highnefs to underftand, 
 that he had almoft compafled the enterprize. In fhort, 
 he perfuaded Frederic Corfelli, one of the Compofi- 
 tors to carry off a Set of Letters, and embark with 
 them in the night for London. When they arrived, 
 the Archbimop thinking Oxford a more convenient 
 place for printing than London, fent Corfelli down 
 thither. And left he mould flip away before he had 
 difcovered the whole fecret, a guard was fet upon the 
 Prefs. Auad thus the Myftery of Printing appeared 
 ten years fooner in the university of Ovford than at 
 any other place in Europe, Harlem and Mentz ex- 
 cepted. Not long after there were prefles fet up at 
 Weftrninfter, St, Alban's, Worcefter, and other mo- 
 nafteries of note. After this manner Printing was in- 
 troduced into England, by the care of Archbimop Bou- 
 chier, in the year of Chrift 146^, and the third of 
 King Edward IV. 
 
 After the introduction of Printing into England 
 by Caxton, near a hundred years elapfed before it 
 was pradlifed in Norwich, and then it was introduced 
 by Anthony Solmpne one of the ftrangers, for which 
 he was prefented with his freedom. The only piece 
 which he is known to have printed, is intitled, " Cer- 
 ** tain verfes, written by Thomas Brooke, Gentleman, 
 " of Rolfbie, concerned with Throgmorton and others, 
 " in a confpiracy in Norfolk, in the time of his 
 " imprifonment, the day before his death, who fuf- 
 * c fered at Norwich the3othof Auguft 1570." Thefe 
 
 are
 
 THE NORFOLK TOU*. uj 
 
 are contained in thirty -two verifes and at the end, 
 /VM quod, Thomas Brooke, imprinted at Norwich* 
 " in the parifli of Saynt Andrewe, 1570. 
 
 Were it-not known that the art of printing in Eng- 
 land, was almoft excluftvely confined to London, and 
 the Univerfities of Oxford and Cambridge, till the 
 beginning of the prefent century, it would be difficult 
 to beJieve, that after its having been pradifed in 
 Norwich in 1570, it ceafed there for 130 years, and 
 we hear no more of it till 1701, when a Mr. Franci* 
 Burges carried on the bufinefs upon a very fmalKcale, 
 in a houfe near the Red-well, and there published .a 
 pamphlet of 17 pages, in 1701, entitled fame Obfer- 
 vations on the ufe and original of the noble Art and 
 Myftery of Printing ; which I believe was the firft 
 Eflay in the Art made here, that had any pretenfions 
 to be called book- work . 
 
 Mr. Burges meeting with but little encouragement 
 in his bufinefs at Norwich, publiflied this pamphlet 
 by way of apolgy for the attempt, in which he endea- 
 voured to prove, what has 'been generally admittedj 
 that the Art of Printing is of confiderable ufe in a 
 trading place, a great means of promoting piety, and 
 a certain method of doing good to othe* trades. He 
 .next gives a Ihort hiltory of the invention of the Art, 
 and quotes feme paffages from Junius, and other an- 
 cient writers, tending to fhew, that Laurentius Cofter, 
 of Harlem, in Holland, was the firft wJio praclifed it in 
 Europe, about the year 1440. Printing is faid tohave 
 been known in China, above two thoufand years, but 
 having no letters to make words, their method is fo 
 different from what is praciifed in Europe, that it 
 M fcarcely
 
 ii 4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 fcarcely deferves the name of printing. They have 
 as many boards, as there are pages in the book, on 
 which their characters are carved, one reprefenting 
 a man, another a houfe, &c. and of thefe characters they 
 have fuch a multitude, that few of them know the one 
 half. 
 
 The origin of Printing has been afcribed to the lefs 
 important invention of cards, by which, it was at leaft, 
 certainly preceded. Cards have been known ever 
 iince the year 1388, and the difcovery of them attri- 
 buted to Jaquemin Gringonneur, who made them for 
 the purpofe of atnuung Charles Vl. King of France. 
 The names engraved in wood under the figures, are 
 the firft known impreffions of letters. By degrees a 
 greater quantity of text was added. 
 
 The art of making paper from linen rags, waa 
 brought into Spain by the Arab?, and firit praclifed 
 in Valencia and Catalonia; thence it paffed into 
 Prance in 1 260, Germany 1312, England i;zo, and 
 1342. The firft book printed upon paper made in 
 England, is Banh.lomeus de Proprietalibus Rerum, by 
 W. de Worde, without a date, but liippoied in the 
 year 1493 or 1494. 
 
 The KEELS and WHERRIES which navigate be- 
 tween Norwich and Yarmouth, are acknowledged to 
 be fuperior to the fmall craft on any other ftream in 
 EnglanJ, for carrying a larger burden, and being 
 worked at a fmaller expence. They are from j 5 to 50 
 tons, have but one mart, which lets down by a wind- 
 las placed at the Hern, carry one large fquare fail, are 
 covered clofe by hatches, and have a cabin fuperior to 
 
 many
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 115 
 
 many coafting veffels, in which it is not unfrequent 
 for the keelman and his. family to live. They are navi- 
 gated by never more than two men, often by a man 
 and his wife, or one man and a boy. The afual paf- 
 fage for a loaded keel, is from twelve to fixteen hours, 
 when light they fometimes perform it in five hours. 
 The river is fufficiently broad in^all places to admit 
 two keels eahly to pafs each other, and in fome parts 
 it is twice that breadth. In the whole diftance, 32 
 miles, there is neither lock, bridge, or other impedi- 
 ment to navigation. By thefe craft, grain of every 
 kind that is grown in the county, flour, part of 
 the goods manufactured, in Norwich, for foreign mar- 
 kets, and. other heavy articles are fent to Yarmouth ; 
 and. they bring from thence, coals, grocery, iromon- 
 gery, ftr timber, deals, wine, fpirits, &c. The 
 freight for grocery, and other heavy goods imported, 
 does not exceed one (hilling and fix-pence per tort,. 
 but fmaller articles pay about four-pence half-penny 
 the hundred weight. 
 
 In the beginning of the civil war in the reign of 
 Charles I. Norwich fent a party of 50 dragoons to join 
 Colonel Cromwel's regiment at Cambridge, and im- 
 mediately after raifed 100 more, and mounted them 
 upon horfes, taken from- the loyalifis in the city, whom 
 they called" mallgnants.- The parliament laid a 
 weekly afleflment upon the whole kingdom of 33, 518!. 
 of which the county of Norfolk raifed 1,250!. in the 
 following proportions: The county 1,129!. Norwich 
 53!. Lynn. 27! i is. lod. Yarmouth 34!. i6s. jd. and 
 Tietford jl. us. 9d. 
 
 M 2 As
 
 u6 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 As the following verfes contain a handfome compli- 
 ment to our fair citizens, ferve to convey fome idea 
 of the city kfetf near zoo years ago, and were not 
 thought unworthy of a place in the venerable Cant- 
 den's excellent Britannia, we hope they will be ac- 
 ceptable to the readers of the Norfolk Tour, They 
 were written in Latin by Arthur Johnfton, principal 
 of the Marifhcal College in Aberdeen, and next to 
 the elegant Buchanan, the beft Latin poet of modern 
 times. Johnfton was bora in 1 580, at Caflciebean, m 
 Scotland, which town he celebrates. He mentions a 
 curious faft, viz. that the ftiadow of the high mountain 
 of Benochie, diftant abeut fix Englifh miles, extends 
 to the houfe of Cafkiebean at the Equinox. He was 
 phyfician to King Charles I. and publifhed an elegant 
 verfiou of the pfalms in Latin verfe, in 1657, which 
 has been reprinted ftvcial times; he- was the author 
 of Mufa Anglican, or commendatory verfes upon 
 perfons of rank in. church and ftate at that time, alfe 
 of fome Epigrams and other fmaller works, and. diad 
 at Oxford in 1641. 
 
 A town, whofe ftately piles and happy feat 
 
 Her citizens and ftrangers both delight. 
 
 Whofe tedious fiege and plunder made her bcar> 
 
 In Norman troubles an unhappy (hare, 
 
 And feel the fad effeft of dreadful war. 
 
 Thefe ftorms o'er; blown, now blefs'd with conftant 
 peace, 
 
 She fawt her riches and her trade increafe. 
 
 State here by wealth, by beauty wealth's outdone ; 
 
 How bleft, if vain excefs be yet unknown ! 
 
 So fully is (he from herfelf fupply'd, 
 
 That England, while fhe ftands, can never want aa 
 head. Bu
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. u ? 
 
 Dr. Fuller in the hiftory of the Worthies of Eng- 
 land, publifhed in i662,obferves, that he had been in 
 Norwich about forty years before, " when many of 
 " the houfes were covered with thatch ; he wiflies 
 " that the city may long flourifh in its full iuftre, 
 " and then quaintly adds, yea may their STRAW in 
 " due time advance into TYLE, and thereby their 
 " houfes be better fecured againit the mercilefs ele- 
 " ment of fire, whofe furious raging is feldom bound- 
 " ed unlefs by the want of fewel to feed on.'" Could 
 the fame author have vifited Norwich in the year 1 794, 
 there had been little occafion for his remark on 
 thatched houfes,. and he would havefeen his wifh ful- 
 ly accomplimed in the beauty and prefent improved 
 ftate of the city. 
 
 KETT's REBELLION. 
 
 THE emptinefs of the treafury on the demife of 
 Henry VIII. the fadious difpofition of ambitious 
 courtiers during a minority, the alterations then car- 
 rying on in the eftabllmed religion of the country, and 
 the war with the Scots and French, might.be fu41yf u f. 
 ficient to excite difcontent and rebellion, without hav- 
 ing recourfe to -the petty domeftic grievance of the 
 Inclofure of Commons and Wafte Lands, and that after 
 the evil, if it- were one, had been ordered to be re- 
 moved. 
 
 Kett's Rebellion made its firil app<-aranee-at Attle- 
 
 burgh the 20th of June 1549, in thefecondyearofthe 
 
 M 3 . reign- 
 
 * Perhaps STR A -.r and TYI.Z may betaken at oneofFalkr'* 
 pifaat puns, from Jack Straw and Watt Tyler.
 
 n8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 reign of Edward VI. when that King was but nine 
 years ol.i, and by the 7th of the following month it 
 had made fuch progrefs, that the infurgents aflembled 
 at Wymondham in great numbers ; and having chofen 
 Robert Kett,. a tanner of that place, for their leader, 
 their firft exploit was levelling the fences of one 
 Flowerdew of Hetherfet, againft whom Kett is faid to 
 have entertained fome perfonal animofity. The inclo- 
 fures which Kett had made underwent the fame fate ; 
 and their next determinaton was open and undiiguif- 
 ed rebellion. Popular tumult is the dangerous en- 
 gine of malignant faction ! and the pleafure arifing 
 from the hope of levelling all diftindlions in fo- 
 ciety, one of the higheft gratifications to a vulgar 
 mind. Whatever the leaders of the infurgents at firft 
 held out to beguile the unwary, they undoubtedly 
 entertained a wifh, and had fome faint expectations, 
 of being able to overturn the Government both in 
 church and ftate, which they fufficiently manifefted 
 when their numbers became formidable, by demand- 
 ing the fuppreffion of the gentry, the placing of new 
 counfellors about the King, and the re-eftablifliment 
 of ancient Rites. Of this difpofition Kett knew how- 
 to avail himfelf, and within left than a month from the 
 commencement of the infurredion, he had collecled a 
 body of more than twenty thoufand men round his 
 ftandard, and encamping upon Mou(hold-hill,befieged 
 Norwich, and committed every kind of excefs,fuch as 
 burning a great part of the city, plundering the ad- 
 jacent country, and wantonly deftroytng many of the 
 principal inhabitants, and that for no other reafon, 
 but that of their being Gentlemen. To fo high a 
 
 pitch
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. rrxj 
 
 pitch of irregularity and extravagance had they ar- 
 rived, that three thoufand bullocks, and twenty tliou^- 
 fand (beep, betides all kinds of poultry in abundance, 
 were devoured in their camp in a few days. Govern- 
 ment at firft ufed every, poffible means to perfuade 
 thefe deluded pe ople to difperfe and quietly return 
 home, and follow their various occupations, but their 
 own folly, or the knavery of their leaders, conftruing 
 that into fea*, which alone originated in motives of 
 mercy and humanity, they obltinately refufed all the 
 offers of peace which were made. This obliged Go- 
 vernment to purfue the more efficient meafures, which 
 the fafety of the country had placed in their hands, 
 and the Marquis of Northampton, with fifteen hundred 
 horfe, was fent to relieve the city : He was accompa- 
 nied by the Lords Sheffield and Wentworth, and 
 many other eminent perfons: He entered Norwich 
 the laft day of July, and was attacked the fame night 
 by the rebels, whom he repulfed after killing three 
 hundred of them, but they renewed the attack the 
 next day, when a furious engagement took place on 
 St. Martin's Plain, in which the Lord Sheffield with 
 about fifty foldiers were unfortunately killed, and the 
 King's forces obliged to retire out of the city. John 
 Dudley, Earl of Warwick, with part of the forces 
 raifed for the Scottifli war, was next fent againft thi 
 lawlefs banditti ; he was accompanied by the Marquis 
 of Northampton and other perfons of diftinftion, and 
 many of the principal citizens, who had joined him at 
 Cambridge. On the 23d of Auguft he encamp- 
 ed with his troops between Norwich and Eaton, 
 
 whence
 
 120' THE NORFOLK TOUR'. 
 
 whencebefentafummons to the city (then inpofleffion 
 of the rebels) and afterwards a herald to Kett's camp 
 on Moufhold, offering a general pardon to all who 
 would lay down their arms and quietly return home ; 
 which proving ineffectual, the Earl's troops the 
 next day forced their way into the city by Brazen- 
 door, St. Stephen's-gate, and the breaches made be- 
 tween that and St. Giles's. The main body under 
 the command of the Earl himfelf,. entering by St. 
 Bennet's-gate, proceeded Jireftly to the market-pjace, 
 where he fixed his head quarters. Some ammunition 
 waggons, belonging to the array,, for want of proper 
 orders, having been driven through the city as far as 
 Bifhop-gate, were feized by a party of the rebels, who 
 w-hen conveying them to their camp, were overtaken 
 and defeated by a party of the Earl's forces, under 
 Captain Drury, and mofl of the waggons recovered* 
 The rebels ftill remaining in the city, had frequent 
 fkirmifhes with the. King's troops-; intelligence of 
 which being carried to the Earl, .he immediately 
 inarched and attacked their principal body then ported 
 in St. Andrew's ftreet,- near the church, in which 130 
 rebels were killed on the fpot, many taken prifoners> 
 and the reft entirely driven out of the city. On the 
 z6th the Earl was reinforced by a body ofj4QO Swifs, 
 but the rebels ftill confident of fiiccefs from the great 
 fuperiority of their numbers, aided by the wrong ap^ 
 pjication of fome equi vccating vulgar prophecies which* 
 they had got by heart, fuch as 
 
 The Country. Gnoffes, Hob, Dicli and Hick, 
 
 With clubbcs, and clouted Ihooae, 
 Shall fill up DufTyn dale, 
 
 With flaughter'd bodies foone.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR, 121 
 
 And 
 
 The heedlefs men within the dale, 
 Shall there Be flain both great and fmall. 
 refuted to hearken to all overtures of peace which the 
 Earl made, aad inconsiderately quitting the advan- 
 tageous pofl they occupied upon Moufhold-hiH, which 
 had rendered the Earl's horfe of but little fervice, and 
 enabled them to do fo much mifchief to the city, they 
 marched to the adjacent valley called Dufiyn dole, 
 where ftrongly intrenching themfelves, they impru- 
 dently determined to hazard a general engagement. 
 Fuller fays, " The Englifli are accufed of always 
 " having a prophecy for every occafion, and the re- 
 " bels fancied that Duffy n dale might be interpreted 
 " as meaning a foft pillow or bed for death, to reft 
 " upon, they fancied themfelves, upholHerers to. make, 
 " whereas they proved the (luffing to fill the fame.'* 
 The Earl marched out of the city on the 27 th of 
 Auguft to attack them, but before he proceeded to.ex- 
 tremeties, Sir Edmund Knevet and Sir Thomas. PaL- 
 mer,, knights* were fent to acquaint them, that if e.ven 
 then they would repent and lay down their arms, they 
 fhould be pardoned, one or two only excepted. By 
 which the two Ketts were undoubtedly meant This 
 being unanimously refufed, an order for, the attack 
 was given, which commencing by a, general dif- 
 charge of the artillery, they were fo^far difconcejted as 
 to become an eafy conqueft, for the Earl's, light horfe, 
 and the infantry under Captain Drury, coming up at 
 the fame time, broke in araongft them before they 
 could recover themfelves, or clofe their ranks, and made 
 a terrible carnage ; hqwaver they once more faced 
 
 about
 
 f*2 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 about, and fought more defperately than might have 
 been expe&ed from fuch a rabble. The main body 
 of their army being thus entirely broken, a general 
 flight enfued, in which Robert Kett, their principal 
 commander took the lead. In the battle and purfuit 
 more than three thoufand five hundred of them were 
 killed, a great number wounded and taken prifon- 
 ers ; with very little lofs to the King's forces. 
 Thus rage was conquered by courage, number by va- 
 lour, and rebellion by loyalty. 
 
 There ftill remained a party of referve unattacked ; 
 who having ftrongly barricaded themfelves with the 
 carriages belonging to the army, feemed determined 
 to ftand it out to the laft extremity. The Earl therefore 
 to avoid further effufion of blood, once more offered 
 them pardon, upon the fame conditions as before ; but 
 fufpecling this to be a ftratagem, they hefitated to 
 comply, till the Earl taking Norroy with him, pro- 
 claimed their pardon, on which the whole company 
 crying out God fave King Edward, thankfully ac- 
 cepted it. After the battle the whole plunder was 
 given to the foldiers, who openly fold it in the market- 
 place. The next day, on intelligence being received 
 that Robert Kett was apprehended in a barn at Swan- 
 nington, the- Earl fent twenty horfemen to conduft 
 him to Norwich ; and the fame day nine of the prin- 
 cipal ringleaders (the two Kelts excepted) were fen<- 
 tenced to be drawn, hanged and quartered at the Oak 
 of Reformation, as they themfelves had ehriftened it-; 
 thirty were executed at the gallows without Magdalen- 
 gate ; and forty- nine at thofe by the crofj in the mar* 
 ket j in the whole about three hundred fuffereck 
 
 Some ;
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 1*3 
 
 Some gentlemen who had been cruelly treated by the 
 infurgents, urged the Earl to further adls of feverity, 
 which he fteadily refufed to comply with, declaring, 
 that none fhonld differ who had accepted the offer of 
 pardon. 
 
 The two Kelts were committed prifoners to the 
 tower of London, tried and convicted of high treafon, 
 juid on the twenty-ninth of November in .the fame 
 year, were delivered to Sir Edmund Windham, high 
 fheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, who conducted them 
 to the .places of execution ; .Robert was hanged in 
 chains upon a gibbet on the top of Norwich Caflle, 
 and William upon Wymondham fteeple. 
 
 Robert Kett, was a tanner in Wymondham, of con- 
 fiderable property, and efteemed to be a moft daring 
 and refolute fellow. Fuller remarks, that " he was 
 " more wealthy .then men of .his condition ufually 
 " are, that he had more wit (.a word in Fuller's time 
 " ufed to exprefs knavery) than wealth, and more 
 " confidence, now railed jmpudenc.e, than either." 
 And Stowobferves, " that he poffefied 50!. a year in 
 " land, and was worth above one thoufand marks in 
 " goods.'' William Kett, his brother and partner 
 in iniquity, was a, butcher _in the fame town, and re- 
 markable for defperate hardinefs : His family was one 
 of the mod ancient and flo jrifhing in Wymondham, 
 for in the twenty-fecond of Edward the Fourth, John 
 Knyght, alias Kett, was aprincipal owner there. Af- 
 ter his conviction it was prefented at a court holden 
 for the King's manor there, that Robert Knyght, alias 
 Kett, whoua hanoed upon Norwich caftle for treafon, 
 died feized of thirty acres of land held of the faid 
 
 manor,
 
 j*4 THE NOiLFOLK TOUR. 
 
 manor, which efcheated to the King, who of his great 
 clemency regranted them to William, fon and heir of 
 the faid Robert, and his heirs for ever. 
 
 In all civil commotions the Wife and Prudent are 
 oppreffed by anxiety, the thought! efs are elevated by 
 hope, and thofe who are bankrupt in fortune and re- 
 putation, exult in the general diftraftion ; and in a 
 civil war expect to retrieve their credit and conceal 
 their infamy. 
 
 LIVES OF EMINENT MEN 
 
 BORN AT NORWICH, 
 
 OR, WHO HAVE PRINCIPALLY RESIDED THE,RE, 
 
 HERBERT LOSINGA, the firft Bilhop of Nor- 
 wich ; Bale .fays that he was born at Orford, in Suf- 
 folk. Hewasfome time abbot of Ramfey in Hun- 
 tingdon, afterwards prior of the monaftery, of Fifcaud 
 in Normandy, whence in 1088 he returned with 
 King William Rufus, of whom he obtained various 
 preferments ; was made Lord Chancellor, and in 
 three years was grown fo rich as to be able to purchafe 
 the abbey of Winchefter for his Father Robert ; and 
 the Bifhoprick of Thetford for himfelf, at the price of 
 1 ,900!. Hence the verfe was made, Filius eft pattr 
 abbas, Simon uterque. Meaning that both of them 
 -were guilty of Simony; for this Simoniacal act he 
 was fummoned to Rome by Pope Pafcal II. and by 
 way of penance commanded to build feveral churches 
 and monafteries, all which he actually, and 'tis laid, 
 jeligioufly performed. Camden fays that the word 
 
 Leafing
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 125 
 
 Leafing in Saxon fignifies a Lye or Trick, and for this 
 reafon Biftiop Herbert had the furname of lo/inga, as 
 being made up of lying and flattery, by which he 
 raifed himfelf to great honors and preferments. From 
 the works of charity and munificence, which he left 
 as witnefles of his immenfe riches, he was called by 
 William of Malmfbury, Vir pecuniofus. Fuller af- 
 ferts that Bifhop Herbert was born at Oxford, but 
 adds, that he might well ferve for two counties, be- 
 ing fo different from himfelf, and two perfons in effect. 
 When young loofe and wild, deeply guilty of the fin 
 of Simony : When old nothing of Herbert was in Her- 
 bert, ufmg commonly the words of St. Hierom, Erra- 
 vimus ju-iienu! emendemus fenes. When young we went 
 aflray, now old we will amend. He was an excellent 
 icholar for thofe times, comely of perfonage, and wrote 
 irrany learned treatifes mentioned by Pitfeus. In the 
 latter part of his life he was mild, affable, blatnelefs 
 in his carriage, pure, innocent, and of exemplary vir- 
 tue ; fmcerely repenting of his former Simoniacal 
 practices, and to atone for them built the Cathedral 
 at Norwich, and a palace for himfelf and fucceflbrs, 
 on the North fide ; a monaftery for 60 monks on the 
 South, St.Leonard's church (now called Kett's caftle) 
 upon Moufhold-hill, another in the Bifhop's court, 
 now the clofe, St. Margaret at Lynn, St. Nicholas 
 at Yarmouth, St. Mary at Elmham, and the Cluniac 
 monaftery at Thetford. In reviewing this lift, we 
 cannot help expreffing our aftonilhment, that they 
 mould (as we may fay) have been the labour of one 
 Man's hands, and confeffing, that if the founder of 
 fo many and fuch magnificent edifices, really acquired 
 N crreat
 
 iz6 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 great riches by the means of fervility and flattery, it 
 was much to his honor, and we hope a full expiation 
 of the frailties of a courtier, that he applied them, 
 not to the vain purpofes of an ufdef* and ojlcntatious 
 difplay of human power and greatnefs, but in the infi- 
 nitely more commendable purfuit of erecting fuch 
 magnificent monuments of piety, as promife to be the 
 admiration of feveral fucceeding ages yet to come : and 
 howfoever he might acquire the Surname ofLofinga, or 
 be called Vir Pecuniojus (which is now no ftigma at 
 all) we think that the private virtues and public cha- 
 rities of his riper years were fuc : h, as in more modern 
 times would have been efteemed fufficient to atone for 
 a multitude of the follies of youth. 
 
 WILLIAM BATEMAN, Bilhop of Norwich, in 
 the fourteenth century, and founder ofTrinity-hall, in 
 Cambridge, was born at Norwich in the latter end of 
 the reign of Edward I. He was from his tendered 
 years, of a docile and ingenious difpofition. Having 
 therefore made a good proficiency in learning, where- 
 in' he furpaffed all his equals, he was fnt to the Uni- 
 verfity of -Cambridge. After having gone through 
 the ufual courfe of the fciences, he applied himfelf to 
 the ftudy of the Civil Law, in which he took the de- 
 gree of Do&or, before he was thirty years of age, 
 a thing then uncommon. On the 8th of December, 
 1328, he was collated to the Archdeaconry of Nor- 
 wich. Soon after this, he went and ftudied at Rome, 
 for his further improvement ; and fo diftinguiflied him- 
 felf by his knowledge and examplary behaviour, that 
 he was promoted by the Pope to the place of Auditor 
 of his palace. He was likevvife advanced by him to 
 
 tke
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. izj 
 
 the Deanery of Lincoln ; and ib great an opinion had 
 he of his prudence and capacity, that he fent him 
 twice as his Nuncio, to endeavour to procure a peace 
 between Edward III. King of England, and the King 
 of France. Up&n the death of Anthony de Beck, 
 Bifhop of Norwich, the Pope, by his ufurped provifi- 
 onal power, conferred that Bimoprick upon him, on 
 the 23d of January 1343, and confecrated him with 
 his own hands. He was confirmed the 23d of June 
 1344. Being inverted with that great dignity, he re- 
 turned into his native country after many years ab- 
 fence ; and lived in a regular, and withal in a gene- 
 rous and hofpitable manner. Of Pope Clement VI. 
 he obtained for himfelf and fucceflbrs, the firft fruits 
 of all vacant livings within his diocefe ; which occa- 
 fioned frequent difputes between himfelf and his cler- 
 gy. In the year 1347 he founded Trinity-hall, in 
 Cambridge, for the ftudy of the Civil and Canon Laws : 
 and another Hall dedicated to the Annunciation of 
 the Virgin Mary, for the ftudy of Philofophy and 
 Divinity. Being a perfon of great \vifdom, eloquent, 
 and of a fine addrefs, he was often employed by the 
 King and Parliament in affairs of the higheft im- 
 portance ; and particularly was at the head of feveral 
 embafiies, fent on purpofe to determine the great dif- 
 ferences between the Crowns of England and France. 
 In 1354, he was, by order of Parliament difpatched 
 to the Court of Rome, with Henry, Duke of Lan- 
 cafter, and others ; to treat (in, the Pope's prefence) 
 of a peace, then in agitation between the two Crowns 
 abovementioned. This journey proved fatal to him ; 
 for he died at Avignon, where the Pope then refided, 
 N 2 on
 
 12S THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 on the 6th of January 1364-5, and was buried with 
 great folemnity in the cathedral church, near the 
 Pope's palace in that city. With regard to his per- 
 fon, we are told that he was of an agreeable counte- 
 nance, tall, handfome, and well made. He was like- 
 wife a man of fpirit, juftice, and piety, punctual in the 
 difcharge of his duty, a great lover and promoter of 
 learning, and of a friendly and compaflionate difpofi- 
 tion. But he was a ftont defender of his rights, and 
 would not fuffer himfelf to be injured, or impbfed 
 upon, or his dignity infulted by any one, may be in- 
 ferred from the following anecdote, which our hifto- 
 rians relate of him : Lord Morley having killed fome 
 of the Bifhop's deer, infringed upon his manors, and 
 abufed the fervants who oppofed him, was obliged to 
 do pennance by walking through the ftreets of the city, 
 with a wax candle of fix pound- weight in his hand, 
 and kneel down before the Biftiop in the cathedral to 
 a& his pardon, although the King had fent an expref* 
 order to the contrary. 
 
 He beftowed on the great altar of his Cathedral 
 two images of the Holy Trinity, the one a large one, 
 is a (brine made of folid filver gilt, of great value, the 
 other a fmall one, with reliques of twenty pounds 
 weight. 
 
 While he was Bifhop there was fuch a dreadful 
 plague in England, that it fcarcely left a tenth part of 
 the inhabitants living. And the Chronicle of Nor- 
 wich fays, that from the firft of January to the firft of 
 July in the year 1348-9, fifty-feven thoufand three 
 hundred and feventy-four perfons (befides ecclefiaftics 
 
 and
 
 THE NORFOLK TOtTR. 129 
 
 and beggars) died in, the county of Norfolk only. This 
 feems in fome meafure to be confirmed by the Bifhop's 
 having inftituted and collated 850 perfons to benifices 
 vacant at that time. 
 
 MATTHEW PARKER, the fecond Proteftant 
 Archbimop of Canterbury, born Auguft 6, 1504, was 
 the fon of a tradefman in Norwich : His father dying 
 when he was but twelve years of age, his mother took 
 particular care of his education, and in 1520, he was 
 admitted a ftudent in Corpus Chrifti college, Cam- 
 bridge, of which fociety he was elected fellow, in the 
 beginning of September 1520, in the feventeenth year 
 of his age, and became chaplain to Anne Boleyn, 
 whom he attended to the fcaffold, and received par- 
 ticular ihftru&ions from her " to fee that her daugh- 
 " ter Elizabeth was brought up in the fear of God." 
 Ke was a zealous promoter of the Reformation in the 
 reign of Edward VI. who promoted him to the Deanery 
 of Lincoln ; he was obliged to abfcond during the 
 reign of Queen Mary ; but on the acceflion of Eliza- 
 beth was advanced to the Archbiftioprick of Canter- 
 bury, which he- held till his death ; which happened 
 at his palace in Lambeth, May 17, 157$.- 
 
 Parker being placed at the head of the church, and 
 knowing that he mould have r.ll the art of the Papifts 
 to contend with, took care to have the Sees filled with 
 the molt learned and worthy men, and.the Univer- 
 iities put under fuch regulations as ftiould prevent Pa- 
 pifts fettling -there. He was at great expence in re- 
 building his palace at Canterbury, and founded, a 
 Free-fchool at Rochdale in Lancafliire. It was by his 
 intereft chiefly that the great Ejiglifli Bible,, conv- 
 N 3 menlv
 
 130 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 monly called the Bifhop's Bible, was firft trranflated 
 from the Hebrew and Greek in I 568, the former one 
 having been moftly from the Latin of Erafmus. It 
 is in one volume folio, on royal paper, and a moft 
 beautiful Englifh Black Letter, embellifhed with feve- 
 ral cuts of the moft remarkable events in the old and 
 new Teftament, and Apocrypha ; maps cut in wood, 
 and other draughts engraven on copper, particularly 
 under the names of the books to the fecond part of the 
 Bible, beginning with Jofhua, is a fine print of the 
 Earl of Leicefter, a half length in armour, holding a 
 truncheon in his left hand. At the beginning of the 
 firil pfalm, in the place of the initial letter is a cop- 
 per-plate print of Secretary Cecil, in his gown and 
 furs, holding in his left hand a Hebrew Pfalter open, 
 and having his right hand upon the letter B. (land- 
 ing before him. 
 
 A comjlete copy of this Bible is now extremely fcarce ; 
 there is one in the Public Library at Cambridge, and 
 the compiler of the Norfolk Tour, has another, but a 
 little itnperfetf. 
 
 This Bible was in general ufe through England till 
 the reign of James I. when the prefent tranflation was 
 undertaken by his order, although the pfairns of the 
 former Bible are ftill ufed in the fervice of the 
 church. 
 
 To Bifhop Parker we are likewife indebted, for a 
 treatife on the antiquity of the Englifh Church, and the 
 publication of four of our beft ancient Engiifh Mifto- 
 rians ; Matthew of Weftminfter, Matthew Paris, 
 
 Afler's
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 131 
 
 Afler's Life of King Alfred, and Thomas Walfinghanx 
 With all thefe fplendid qualifications, he has been 
 blamed for his feverity to the Puritans, but whom 
 would they not then have abufed ? Upon the diflblu- 
 tion of Monarchy in 1649, Lambeth Houfe became 
 the reiidence of Colonel Scot, one of the Regicides, 
 who turning the chapel into a hall or dancing-room,, 
 the venerable monument of the Archbimop, Handing 
 in the way, was totally demoliftied, and out of hatred 
 to the memory of the corpfe there interred, and to 
 epifcopacy, the body was dug up ; the lead that in- 
 clofed it was plucked off and fold, and the bon*s were 
 privately buried under an adjoining dungJiill, near 
 an out-houfe where poultry was kept, where they con- 
 tinued till after the Reftoration of Charles II. when 
 Sir William Dugdale, the great Antiquary, acquaint- 
 ing Archbifhop Sandcroft where they were depofited, 
 he procured an order from the Lords to. fearch for 
 them, and having been found, they were decently de- 
 pofited again near the place where the monument 
 formerly flood, over which is engraven thefe words, 
 CORPUS MATTH./EI ARCH IEPISCOPI TANDEM 
 Hie QUIESCIT. Archbifhop Sandcroft, alfocaufed 
 the fame monument to be again. creeled to his memory, 
 with a long infcription, in Latin, written by himfelf. 
 JOSEPH HALL an eminent and learned divine,, 
 and fucceffively Bimop of Exeter and Norwich, was 
 born in Briftow Park, within the parifh of Afhby de 
 la Zouch, in Leicefterfhire, July i, 1574. He was 
 educated in the Grammar School in his native place ; 
 and at the age of fifteen fent to Emanuel College in 
 
 Cambridge*
 
 J3 2 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Cambridge, of which in due time, he became fellow. 
 He read the rhetoric ledures in the public fchools, 
 for two years with great applaufe ; and diftinguifhed 
 himfelf as a wit and a poet, in this early period of 
 his life, by the publication of his Satires in 1597. 
 
 After fix or feven years refidence in college, he was 
 prefented to the Reflory of Haltead in Suffolk, foon 
 after which he married. In 1605 he accompanied 
 Sir Edmund Bacon to the Spa, where he had an op- 
 portunity of examining into the ftate and practices of 
 the Romifti church. Having fpent a year and a half 
 in thefe travels, he returned to London, and was made 
 chaplain to Prince Henry, and foon after prefented to 
 the Reftory of Waltham Abbey in EfTex, which being 
 convenient for his court attendance, he kept 22 years ; 
 during which time he was made Prebendary of Wol- 
 verhampton, and in if>i6 Dean of Worcefter, though 
 he was then abfent, attending the embafly of Lord 
 Hay in France. The year after he attended the Earl 
 of Carlifle into Scotland, and in 16; 8 was fent to the 
 * Synod of Dort, but the air of the country nqt agree- 
 ing with him, he returned home in about three months ; 
 however, before his departure, he preached a Latin 
 iermon to that famous afiembly, which by their Prece- 
 dent and afliftants tool: a folemn leave of him ; and 
 the deputies of the States presented him with a gold 
 medal, having on it the portraiture of the Synod. 
 
 This 
 
 * Cambridge fent two Divines to the Synod of Dort ; the other, 
 was the Mafter of Sidney, both Puritan colleges : his m^dal js there 
 the public library.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 133 
 
 This medal is now (1794) in thecuftody ofDr. Farmer, 
 mafter of Emanuel College. 
 
 Having refofed in 1624 the Biflioprick of Gloucefter, 
 he accepted in 1627 that of Exeter, and in 1641 was 
 tranflated to the See of Norwich ; but on December 
 30 following, having joined with other Bifhops in the 
 proteftation againft the validity of the Jaws made dur- 
 ing their forced abfence from the parliament, he 
 amongft the reft was committed to the tower on the 
 30th of January 164?, but was releafed in June fol- 
 lowing, upon giviug 5000!. bail, and withdrew to 
 Norwich ; where he lived in tolerable quiet till April 
 1643. But then the order for fequeftering notorious 
 delinquents being paffed, in which he was included by 
 name, all his eftates real and perfonal were feized and 
 fold at public fale, even (fays Blomefield) to a dozen 
 of Trenchers, nor did they forget to lay their hands 
 upon his Ecclefiaftical preferments, and turn him out 
 of his palace. 
 
 About this time he wrote his Treatife, intitled 
 " Hard Meafare,*' in which he fays, " They were 
 '* not alhamed after they had taken away, and fold 
 " all my goods and perfonal eftate, to come to me 
 " for aflefTments and monthly payments for that 
 * eftate which they had taken.'' 
 
 Jn the fame Treatife he informs us that Sheriff 
 Tofts and Alderman Lindfey, attended by many zea- 
 lous reforming followers came into his private chapel, 
 known by the name of Jefus chapel, and then fituated 
 on the North fide of the great altar of the cathedral, 
 to look for what they called relijues of idolatry t amongft 
 
 which
 
 134 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 which the painted glafs in the windows, reprefenting 
 St. Ambrofe, St. Auftin, &c. were pointed out by 
 them to Bifliop Hal), to be particularly obnoxious, as 
 reprefenting fo many Popes. The good Bifliop to 
 fatisfy their fcruples, promifed to remove the caufe, 
 and that it might be done with the leaft injury to the 
 windows, he caufed the * heads of the pictures to be 
 taken off, wittily obferving, that he knew the bodies 
 could not offend ; but this partial compliance, not 
 fatisfying thefe zealous reformers, they foon after to- 
 tally deftroyed thefe beautiful windows. 
 
 To thofe Ecclefiaftics whom the zealots of the day 
 called delinquents, and whofe church preferments they 
 feized, they pretended to allow a fifth of their reve- 
 nue, but this pittance was never regularly paid, and 
 often wholly withdrawn. Where power, fanaticifm, 
 and malignity are joined, no man's fortune can be^ 
 fecure for a moment. Thefe refined oppreflbrs had a 
 nick-name for the unfortunate people who wifhed only 
 quietly to enjoy their own property j they called them 
 betu-.t malignants, and fleeced them of their real 
 and perfonal Eftate, with as ittle ceremony as they 
 plundered the clergy. Thefe oppreflions they called 
 ibefpoiling of the Egyptians ; and their rigid feverity 
 the dominion of the Elect ; they interlarded their ini- 
 quities with long and fervent prayers ; faved them- 
 felves from blufhing by pious grimaces, and exercifed 
 in the name of the Lord all their cruelty on men. 
 
 Bifhop 
 
 * This may in fome meafure account for our now feeing many 
 figures in painted glafs windows without faces, having only a piece of 
 white glafs to fupply the place.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. , 3J 
 
 Bi/hop Hall publifhed an humble Remonftrance in 
 defence of Epifcopacy ; to which in 1641, five 
 *Minifters, rif wliofe nafties the firft letters made the 
 celebrated wdr3 Smeftymnuus, gave their anfwer. Of 
 this anfwer a confutation was attempted by the learn- 
 ed Ufher, and to the Confutation, Milton published 
 a reply. 
 
 In 1647 he retired to a little eftate, which he rent- 
 ed, at Heigham, in the Weftern fuburbs of Norwich, 
 where he died September 8, 1656, in the 8 2 d year of 
 his age, and was buried in the church -yard there. In 
 the chancel cf Heigham church is his Monument, 
 whereon is reprefented a golden pidure of Death hold- 
 ing up an Efcutcheoa in his left hand, with thefe 
 words, Perfol-vit & quietus tjl. and in another Efcut- 
 cheon, in his right hand, Debemus Morti nos mo/lraqm, 
 and on the Monument this infcription ; 
 Induvivze JOSEPHI HALL 
 Olim NORVICENSIS Ecclefix 
 Servi repofite vin. Dix 
 
 Menfis Septembris, 
 
 Anno Domine 1656, 
 
 Etatis fua:, 82, 
 
 Vale Leftor, 
 
 et ^Eternitati profpice. 
 
 And on the foot cf the Monument, 
 
 JOSEPH us HALL us olim humilis Ecckfue Servos. 
 
 He was by learned foreigners called the Englifh Senaca, 
 
 and is univerfally allowed to have been a man of great 
 
 wit 
 
 * Stephen Marftall- Edmund CalamyThomas YoungMat- 
 thesv Newcomen WUliam Sparrow. 
 

 
 ijS THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 wit and learning, and of as great mceknefs, modefty 
 and piety. His works are many and voluminous, 
 having printed fifty fingle Treatifes, fince collected 
 and publifticd in three volumes, folio, in 1647, Bayle 
 fays they are filled with fine thoughts, excellent mora- 
 lity, and a great deal of piety. 
 
 In the beginning of his Satires he claims the 
 honour of having led the way in this fpccies of com- 
 pofition : 
 
 *' I firft adventure, follow me who lift, 
 " And be the fecond Englifti Satyrift." 
 This alTertion of the Poet is not ftriftly true ; for there 
 were various fatyrical writings previoufly to his ap- 
 pearance. But he was the firil who diftinguifhed him- 
 felf as a legitiixute Satyrift, upon the claflic model of 
 Juvenal and Perfius, with an intermixture of fome 
 itrokes in the manner 6f Horace. Succeeding authors 
 have availed themfclves of the pattern fet them by 
 Hall. The firft three books were termed by the 
 author toothltft fatires. He has an animated idea of 
 the dignity of good poetry, and ajuft contempt of poet- 
 afters in the different fpccies of it. He fays of him- 
 felf, in the firft Satire : 
 
 Nor can I crouch, and writhe my fawning tayle 
 To fome great patron for my belt avtiylc, 
 Such hunger-ftaj ven trencher-poetrie, 
 Or let it never live, or timely die. 
 His firft book, confifting of nine Satires, is chiefly 
 levelled at low and abject I'oets. Several Satires 
 of the fecond book reprehend the contempt of the rich, 
 for men of fcience and genius. We fliali tranfcribe 
 
 the
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 137 
 
 he fixth, being (hort, and void of all obfcurhy, and 
 illuftrative of fome Englilh manners two centuries 
 ago. 
 
 A gentle fquire would gladly entertatne 
 Into his houfe fome trencher-chaplaine : 
 Some willing man that might inftrucl his fons, 
 And that would itand to good conditions. 
 Firft, that he lye upon the truckle-bed, 
 Whiles his young maifter lieth o'er his head. 
 Second, that he do, on no default, 
 Ever prefume to fit above the fait. 
 Third, that he never change his trencher twife. 
 Fourth, that he ufe all common courtifies ; 
 Sit bare at meales, and one half rife and wait. 
 Laft, that he never his young maiiler beat, 
 But he muft aflc his mother to define 
 How many jerks (he would his breech mould linr. 
 All thefe obfervcd, he could contented bee, 
 To give five marks, and winter liverie. 
 
 From this Satire it is evident how humiliating the 
 terms were to which a private tutor was obliged to 
 fubinit ; without much probability of emancipation by 
 the falary of jl. 6s. 8d. and a great coat. The au- 
 thor's charafteriftic of Satire is good. 
 
 The fatire mould be like the Porcupine, 
 That flioots (harp quils out in each angry line 
 And wounds the blufhing cheeke, and fiery eye 
 Of him that hears and rcadeth guiltily. 
 
 The
 
 138 THE NORFOLK TO'UR. 
 
 The following ftroke upon falfe defcriptions of beauty 
 is witty : 
 
 Another thinks her teeth might liken'd be 
 To two faire rankes of pales of ivory ; 
 To fence-in fure the wild-beaft of her tongue, 
 From either going far or going wrong. 
 Upon the whole, thefe Satires fufficiently evince 
 both the learning and ingenuity of their author. The 
 fenfe has generally fuch a fufficient paufe, and will ad- 
 mit of fuch a punftuation at the clofe of the fecond 
 line, and the verfe is often as harmonious too, as if it 
 were calculated for a modern ear : but the uncouth 
 and antiquated terms and obfolete words which fre- 
 quently occur in this writer, feem to require a fhort 
 gloflary to explain them. 
 
 In a catalogue of his works is a fatirical piece, en- 
 titled Mundus idem & alter, &e. that is " The World 
 " different yet the fame." Bayle fays, this is a 
 learned and ingenious fi&ion, wherein he defcribes the 
 vkious manners of feveral nations ; the drunkennefs 
 of one, the lewdnefs of another, &c. and does not fpare 
 the court of Rome. Gabriel Naude fays of this work, 
 that " it is calculated lefs to divert the readers, than 
 *' to inflame their minds with the love of virtue." 
 
 Though the language of Bifhop Hall begins to be 
 obfolete, he may be ranked among the moft eloquent 
 of our Englifh profe writers ; he feems to have fuc- 
 ceeded in the arduous attempt of afluming the different 
 manners of Seneca and Cicero, and paffages might be 
 feleftecl from his writings, which are in the bell man- 
 ner cf both thofe Romans. We cannot avoid obferving 
 in thisplace, that an attention to the contemplations of 
 
 Biihop
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 139 
 
 Biihop Hall, is likely to be revived among critical 
 readers, by a late detection of the plagiarifms of 
 Sterne, by Dr. Ferriar of Manchefter, in which many 
 of the moft ftriking pafTages in his writings are traced 
 to this part of the works of our prelate, and to Bur- 
 ton's Anatomy of Melancholy. 
 
 JOHN COSIN a learned' Bifliop of Durham, in 
 the feventeenth century, was the eldeft fon of Giles 
 Cofin, a citizen of Norwich. He was born at Nor- 
 wich, November 30, 1594. Having completed his 
 ftudies at Caius College iii Cambridge, he was ap- 
 pointed chaplain to Dr. Richard Neille, then Biihop 
 of Durham, who pefented him to a Prebend in that ca- 
 thedral, and procured him the Archdeaconry of the 
 Eaft Riding of the church of York. At the commence- 
 ment of the civil wars, he was deprived of all his 
 livings, being the firft clergyman who underwent that 
 punimment, and therefore went abroad, and fixed his 
 refidence at Paris ; but returning in 1660, with King 
 Charles II. was promoted to the Deanery of Peterbo- 
 rough, and afterwards to the Bimoprick of Durham, 
 which he held till his death, January 15, 1672, in the 
 78th year of his age, and was buried under a little 
 Monument, like one of thofe ufually made in church- 
 yards. His death deprived the wits and minor wri- 
 ters of much entertainment which they had promifed 
 themielves on his return to England. He was the 
 author of feveral learned trafts, chiefly in contro- 
 verfial divinity. 
 
 Dr. SAMUEL CLARKE, avery learned and emi- 
 nent Divine of the feventeenth and eighteenth cen- 
 O 2 turies.
 
 i^e THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 tunes, was the fon of Edward Clarke, Efq. Alderman 
 of Norwich, one of its reprefentatives in parliament 
 for feveral years, and was born Oflober 11, 1675. 
 He made fo rapid a progrefs in his ftudies at Cam- 
 bridge, particularly in the mathematics, that before 
 he had attained to the twenty-fecond year of his age, 
 he had a confiderable hand in introducing into the 
 Univerfsty the Newtonian philofophy. He afterwards 
 applied himfelf to divinity, which he intended to 
 make his profeffion, and was appointed chaplain to Dr. 
 John Moore, Bifhop of Norwich, who gave him the 
 Reftory of Drayton, near the city. In 1706, he 
 tranflated into Latin, Sir Ifaac Newton's Optics ; 
 and being recommended to Queen Anne, by his pa- 
 tron the Bifhop of Norwich, was prefented to the 
 Redtory of St. James's, Weflminfter. In 1710, 
 he publifhed a fplendid edition of *C<efar's Com- 
 mentaries, in one volume royal folio; and in 1712 
 appeared his Scripture Dodrine of the Trinity, 
 which made fo much noife. He was afterwards 
 engaged in a difpute with Liebnitz, concerning 
 the principles of natural philofophy and religion ; 
 and the letters whixrh pafTed between them on the 
 fubjeft, were publifhed at London, in 1717. Upon 
 the death of Sir Ifaac Newton, he was offered the 
 place of maflerof the mint ; but this he refufed, as in- 
 confiflent with his character. In the beginning of the 
 year 1729, he publifhed, in one vol. quarto, the firft 
 
 * twelve 
 
 * This is one of the moft magnificent books ever publiihed in 
 England, and 4 large paper copy of it is IXTRE.MKLY SCARCE, 

 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 141 
 
 * twelve books of Homer's Iliad, with the Latin ver- 
 fion accurately corrected, and learned notes, dedicated 
 to the Duke of Cumberland ; but before he had finifh- 
 cd the reft, he was taken fuddenly ill, and died on 
 the J'/th of May, in the fame year. Since his death 
 have been publifhed from his original Manufcripts, 
 by his brother, Dr. John Clarke, Dean of Sarum, an 
 Expofition of the Church Catechifm, and ten volumes 
 of his Sermons. His works, which are numerous, and 
 of which thofe we have mentioned form but a part, 
 will remain a perpetual monument of his learning and 
 abilities. 
 
 A picture of the Rev. Dr. Clarke is placed in the 
 Royal palace at Kenfington, under which is the fol- 
 lowing Infcription : 
 
 SAMUEL CLARKE, D. D. 
 
 Redorof St. James's, Weftminfter. 
 In every Part of ufeful Knowledge and critical Learn- 
 ing, perhaps without a Superior ; 
 In all united, certainly without an Equal. 
 In his Works the beft Defender of Religion ; 
 In his Practice, the greateft ornament of it : 
 In his Converfation communicative, and in an 
 
 uncommon manner inftruftive : 
 
 In his Preaching and Writing, ftrong, clear and calm ; 
 In his Life, high in the Efteem of the Great, the 
 
 Good, and the Wife ; 
 In his Death, lamented by every Friend to Truth, to 
 
 Virtue and Liberty. 
 He died May 17, 1729, in the 94th year of his Age. 
 
 * The twelve laft books of the Iliad were publifhed 1732, hi one 
 volume quarto, by his Ton Mr. S. Clarke, who alfo publifhed Ho- 
 sier's Qdyfley, in the fame manneiyin two volumes yuarto, 1740,
 
 142 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 JOHN KAYE, or CAIUS, the prime glory among 
 the phyficians of Queen Elizabeth's reign, was born 
 October 6, 1510. Like Linacre, he united the firft 
 honours of literature with thofe of medicine. His 
 great attachment to his ftudies was manifefted by 
 fome very early productions, being chiefly tranfla- 
 tions from Nicophorus, Calliftus, Chryfoftom and Eraf- 
 mus, and which were performed by him at the age of 
 twenty-one. He ftudied phyfic at Padua, under 
 Johannis Baptifta Montanus, the moft eminent pro- 
 fefforofhis time ; and whilft he refided in that city, 
 he lodged in the fame houfe with the celebrated ana- 
 tomift Andrew Vefalius, whofe ardour he emulated 
 in anatomical purfuits. On his return to his native 
 country, he was incorporated Doclor of phyfic at 
 Cambridge, and praclifed in his profefllon at Shrewf- 
 bury and Norwich, where his reputation fpread fo faft 
 that he was foon called to London. Here he was fuc- 
 ceffively phyfician to Euward the Sixth, and the 
 Queens Mary and Elizabeth. Being constituted a fel- 
 low of the College of Phyficians, he was ever after the 
 great ornament and fupport of that body. He pre- 
 iided, for feven years, at the head of the college, and 
 difplayed, on various occafions, his zeal for the dig- 
 nity and intereftofthe fociety. To Cambridge, where 
 he had received his firft education, he was a fignal be- 
 nefaftor. Gonviile Hall, of which he had been a 
 member, was creeled by him into the * College, which 
 now goes by his name. Dr. Kaye was diftinguiftied 
 
 as 
 
 * The fquare added by Dr. Kaye to this College, was built in 
 1570, and coft him 1,480!. a ( urn equal to 8,88oJ. of the prefeut 
 time.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 14? 
 
 as a critic, a linguift, an antiquary, a phyfician and 
 a naturalift; but it is only in the two latter capacities 
 that he demands our prefent attention. For Galeu 
 he exprefled the profountfeft efteem and veneration ; 
 and he was a perfect mailer of that phyfician's volu- 
 minous writings. With this predilection, many new 
 experiments or difcoveries are not to be expected in 
 Kaye's productions. His firft work, " De Medendi 
 " Methodo," is of little confequence ; but the next of 
 his medical performances is indifputable original ; and 
 the fubject of it forms a curious article in the annals 
 of medicine. We mean his account of the " *Sweat- 
 " ing ficknefs," or as he himfelf named it, the 
 " Ephemera Britannica/' publiflied in 1556. Valua- 
 ble, however, as this treatife is, not only as giving 
 the fulleft narrative of fo fingular a diftemper, but as 
 containing many judicious practical remarks, it is far 
 from being a perfect piece of medical writing. What 
 is mod to be regreted is, that it affords but little 
 light with refpect to the firft rife of the difeafe. It 
 may be added concerning the work, that it is a good 
 fpecimen of the order, though not entirely fo of the 
 manner, in which fubjects of this kind mould be treat- 
 ed. As a naturalift J)r. Kaye fuftains a very refpeda- 
 ble character. He was the correfpondent and inti- 
 mate friend of the celebrated Gefner, and drew up 
 for his ufe " Short Hiftories of certain rare ani- 
 " mals and plants," which were inferted in Gefner's 
 works, and afterwards fepara-tely publiflved, with cor- 
 rections 
 
 This difeafe broke out in 1-551, at which time, Dr. Kaye lived 
 in Norwich, and obtained the grcateft reputation by the manner in 
 vhich-he treated it.
 
 i 4 4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 reftions and "enlargements. At the requeft, alfo of 
 the fame great naturalift, Kaye wrote a " Treatife on 
 " Britifh Dogs," in a method fo judicious, that Mr. 
 Pennant has inferted the whole piece in his '* Britifh 
 " Zoology." In the opinion of the fame gentleman, 
 than whom none can be a better judge, all Dr. Kaye's 
 other deftriptions of animals are proofs of his great 
 acquaintance with this branch of natural hiftory. 
 
 As King James was pafling through Caius College, 
 the Mafter prefented him K;iye's hiftoiy of the Uni- 
 verfity of Cambridge, upon which the King faid, 
 " give me rather Caius de Canibus." The firft of 
 thefe books, amongft other matters, tended to prove 
 the fuperior antiquity of the place, as well as the pre- 
 eminence of its learned members over the Univerfity 
 of 'Oxford ; and it remained uncontroverted for more 
 than a century and a half, when in 1730, a perfon 
 calling himfelf Thomas Caius, or Kaye, publifned a 
 work in two odlavo volumes, entitled, " Vindicate An~ 
 fc tique Academic Qxonienjis" contra J. Caium. The 
 Cambridge hiftorian certainly wrote elegant Latin, 
 and though his arguments might be controverted, 
 the elegance of his language could not be denied, and 
 asfuch the book is always valuable to a fcholar; but I 
 never heard that the anfwer was worth any thing, till 
 its fcarcity ftamped a value upon it. 
 
 Dr. Kaye died at Cambridge, after having foretold 
 his death, on July 29, 1573. in the 6jd year of his 
 age, and was buried in the chapel of his own college.. 
 The following fhort infcription was put upon his 
 tomb : Fui> CAIUS. 
 
 there 

 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 145 
 
 There is a good profile head of him in Holland's 
 Heroologia, fol. 183, and a catalogue of his works, 
 amounting to 72 Treatifes, in Aikin's Biographical 
 Anecdotes of Medicine, and Pitt's Englifh Worthies. 
 
 WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, M. D. was born 
 in 1531, and in 15^9 publifhed a book called the 
 " Cofmographical Glaffe," a folio of about 250 pages, 
 containing as the title expreffes, the pleafant princi- 
 ples of Cofmography, Geography, Hydrography, or 
 Navigation ; with many cuts neatly executed upon 
 wood, particularly a portait of the author in his Doc- 
 tor's habit, and a plan, or rather a bird's-eye view of 
 the city of Norwich, as it was in 1558, and on the 
 back, an explanation of the plan. The book, though 
 fcarce, has long been ufelefs, and the plan is no other- 
 wife valuable than as a curiofity, and being the firft 
 that was taken of the city. He appears to have writ- 
 ten feven other treatifes, but dying at the age of 28, 
 they were never printed. 
 
 Sir THOMAS BROWNE, an eminent Englifti 
 phyfician, and celebrated writer, was the fon of Mr. 
 Thomas Browne, a merchant of London, defcended 
 from an ancient and genteel family of that name feat- 
 ed at Upton, in Cheftiire. He was born O&ober the 
 igth, 1605, in the parifh of St. Michael, Cheapiide, 
 in the city of London, and had the misfortune of 
 lofing his father in his minority, who left him how- 
 ever a confiderable fortune, in which he was much in- 
 jured by one of his Guardians. He was firft fent for 
 education to Winchefler College, and thence removed 
 to the Univerfity of Oxford, where he was entered a 
 
 Fellow*
 
 14$ THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Fellow - Commoner of Broadgate's -Hall, foon af- 
 ter filled Pembroke College, in the beginning of 
 the year 1623 ; took the degree of Batchelor of 
 Arts, Jan. 31, 1626; proceeded in due time to his 
 degree of Mafter of Arts, entered on the phyfic line, 
 and praftifed that faculty for fome time in Oxford- 
 fhire, which he quitted to accompany Sir Thomas 
 Button, his father-in-law, to Ireland, hence he tra- 
 velled into France and Italy, fludied phyfic at Mont- 
 pellier and Padua, at that time the celebrated fchools 
 of medicine ; and in his return home through Hol- 
 land, took his degree of Doclpr in phyfic, in the Uni- 
 verfity of Leyden. He returned to his native coun- 
 try in 1634, and the next year wrote his " Religio 
 " Medici," or at leaft made the firfl fketch of it ; 
 an incorredl copy of which being handed about in 
 manufcript, without his confent, he publifhed an edi- 
 tion of it in 1643 I" J ^3^ he fettled himfelf at 
 Norwich, and the year following was incorporated as 
 Doctor of phyfic at Oxford. In 1641 he married Mrs. 
 Deborah Mileham, of a good family in Norfolk, and 
 five years after publiftied his Treatife on " Vulgar 
 " Errors.'' In 1655 he was chofen honorary fellow 
 of the college of phyficians, as a man " Virtute et 
 " literis ornatiffimus," eminently embellifhed with 
 literature and virtue. 
 
 In 1658 he wrote a difcourfe on urn-burial, toge- 
 ther with the garden of Cyrus ; and in September, 
 1671, received at Norwich the honour of Knighthood 
 from Charles II. and died in the city, on his birth- 
 day, Oft. 19, 1682, inthe7yth yearofhis age, andwas 
 buried in the church of St. Peter of Mancroft ; where, 
 
 upon
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 147 
 
 upon a mural monument, fixed to the South pillar of 
 the altar, there are two infcriptions, one in Latin, 
 the other in Englifh, containing feveral particulars re- 
 lating to .his life. By his Lady he had ten children 
 of whom only one fon, and three daughters furvived 
 him. 
 
 In his perfon he was of a moderate ftature, of a 
 brown complexion, and his hair of the fame colour. 
 His picture in the college of Phyficians, and the por- 
 trait prefixt to his works mew him to have been re- 
 markably handfome, and to have pofleffed in a fingular 
 degree, the bleffing of a grave and -yei cheerful and 
 inviting countenance. As to his temper, it was per- 
 fectly even and free from paffions : be had no ambi- 
 tion beyond that of being wife and good, and no far- 
 ther concern for money than as it was neceflary ; for 
 otherwise he might certainly have raifed a very large 
 fortune in the way of his profeffion : but his charity, 
 generofity, and tender affection for his children, to 
 the expence of whofe education he would fet no 
 bounds, contracted the wealth he left into a very mo- 
 derate compafs. His virtues were many, and remark- 
 ably conspicuous ; his probity fuch as gained him uni- 
 verfal refpexft, as his beneficence rendered him gene- 
 rally beloved : in refpeft to knowledge, he was ex- 
 tremely communicative in his converfafion, and not- 
 withltanding his rare abilities and eftablimed reputa- 
 tion, wonderfully modcft. His religion was that of 
 the Church -of England, in which he mewed hjmfelf 
 unaffectedly humble and fincere, As to feels in learn- 
 ing he followed none, but thought and wrote with the 
 utmoft freedom, illuftrating ev^ry fubieft he touched 
 
 by
 
 148 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 t>y fuch new and nervous remarks, as charmed every 
 attentive reader, and has occafioned more care to be 
 taken of the papers he left behind him, than has ufu- 
 ally happened to the remains of learned men, a cir- 
 .cumftance fmgular in itfelf, and which reflects on his 
 memory the higheft honour. 
 
 In 1684 Dr. Tenifon, (afterwards Archbifhop of 
 Canterbury) publifhed a fmall volume of Tracts writ- 
 ten by Dr. Browne ; and in 1686 his works were pub- 
 limed in one volume folio. In 1712 his Pofthumous 
 works were publifhed in one volume octavo, contain- 
 ing the antiquities of the cathedral church of Norwich. 
 An account of the Urns found at Brampton in Norfolk, 
 1667, and fome letters between Sir William Dugdale 
 and Sir Thomas Browne, &c. This was adorned by 
 feveral plates, and is become a fcarce book. 
 
 His Religio Medici excited the attention of the 
 public, by the novelty of its parodoxes, the dignity of 
 fentiment, the quick fucceffion of images, the mul- 
 titude of abftrufe allulions, the fubtlety of difquilition, 
 and the ftrength of language. What is much read 
 Avill be much criticifed, fays his Biographer, and the 
 remark was particularly applicable to the Religio 
 Medici, whkh raifed tiie author many admirers and 
 many enemies. 
 
 It is not on tire praifes of others, but on his own 
 writings, that he is to depend for theefteem ofpof- 
 terity ; of which he will not eafily be deprived, 
 while learning (hall have any reverence among men: 
 For there is no fcience, in which he does not difcover 
 fome /kill ; and fcarce any kind of knowledge, profane
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 149 
 
 or facred, abftrufe or elegant, which he does not ap- 
 pear to have cultivated with fuccefs. Dr. Johnfon. 
 
 BROWNE (EDWARD) an eminent phyfician the 
 fon of the preceding, was born about 1642. He 
 was educated at the Grammar School in Norwich, 
 and in 1665 took the degree of Batchelor of Phylic 
 at Cambridge. Removing afterwards to Merton 
 College, Oxford, he was admitted there to the fame 
 degree in 1666, and the next year created Doflor. 
 In 1668 he vilited part of Germany, and the year af- 
 ter Aaftria, Hungary, and ThefTaly. and pa/Ted 
 through Italy. Upon his return he pradHfed phyfic 
 in London ; was made phyfician to Charles II. and af- 
 terwards in i6&2 to St. Bartholomew's Hofpital. 
 About which time he was concerned with many other 
 eminent men, in a translation of Plutarch's Lives, in 
 which he tranflated thofe of Themiftocles and Serto- 
 rius. He waa firft cenfor, then cleft, and treafurer of 
 the college ofphyficians ; of which in 1 705 he was cho- 
 fen prefident, and held that office till his death, which 
 happened in Auguft 1708, at his feat at Northfleet, 
 near Greenhithe in Kent. He underftood Hebrew, 
 was a critic in Greek, and no man wrote better Latin, 
 High-Dutch, Italian and French, which he fpoke 
 and wrote with as much cafe as his mother-tongue ; 
 phyfic was his bufinefs and to the promotion of that, 
 all his other acquiiitions were referred. Botany, 
 Pharmacy, and Chemiftry he knew and praftiied. 
 King Charles faid of him, that he was as learned " As 
 " any of the College, and as well-bred as any at 
 " Court.' 7 He was married, and left a fon and 
 a daughter. 
 
 P Upon
 
 150 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Upon his return into England in 1669, he pub- 
 lifhed the firil volume of his Travels, a thin quarto, 
 with plates, in 1677 the fecond, and in 1685 a new 
 edition of both in one volume, fmall folio, with many 
 corrections and improvements. This work had a great 
 character given it in the Philofopbicc.l Tranjaclions, 
 and was received with univerfal applaufe, which, with- 
 out doubt, it very well deferved. His fkill in natural 
 hiftory, made him particularly attentive to mines and 
 metallurgy. The account of the countries through 
 which he patted, is written with an uncommonly fcru- 
 pulous and exaft veracity. 
 
 JOHN SKELTON,- Redor of Difs, a celebrated 
 wit and poet, was Poet Laureat to King Henry VIII. 
 Erafmus called him the light and honour of Britifli 
 learning. Wood fays his wit was biting, his laugh- 
 ter opprobrious aud fcornful, and his jokes commonly 
 lharp and reflecting. His propenfity to fatire created 
 him abundance of enemies, amongft whom the Do- 
 minican Friars and Cardinal Wolfey were the molt 
 powerful and irreconcilable. The Dominicans were 
 very obnoxious to his fatirical pen, for their vices, 
 and the Cardinal for his arbitrary proceedings ; and, 
 Skelton's foretelling Wolfey's downfall, was fuch a 
 crime as a proud cardinal could not forgive in a poor 
 prieft, and accordingly Skelton was profccuted for 
 keeping a concubine ;, ( to which he replied. In his 
 confcisnce he ever efleemed her for his wife, (which 
 foe really was) tho' he did not declare it, becaufe 
 Fornication in the clergy was thought a little fin, and 
 Marriage a great one. He was forced to take fanc- 
 tuary in Weitminfter Abbey, where he died June 29, 
 1529.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. rc r 
 
 On Monday March the 24th, 1783, the Pageant of 
 the GOLDEN FLEECE, or what is called BISHOP 
 BLAIZE, was exhibited by the Wookombers, in a 
 ftile furpaffing all former profleffions of the kind in this 
 city. The proceffion began at ten o'clock in the 
 morning, in St. Martin's at Oak, and thence paffed 
 through the principal ftreets of the city. 
 
 The drefies were ornamented with all the embel- 
 lifhments that fancy and ingenuity could fuggeft, 
 particularly the (hepherds and mepherdefTes : The 
 characters were extremely well fupported, thofe of Ja- 
 fon and the Bimop met with diftinguifhed marks of 
 approbation, and the whole was conducted with the 
 greateft order and regularity. 
 
 The GOLDEN FLEECE was borne in a grand 
 palanquin, fupported by four champions, and guarded 
 by HERCULES and ORPHEUS. JASON rode on 
 horfeback in a failor's habit, attended by CASTOR 
 and POLLUX, HYLAS, THESEUS, B1RITHOUS, 
 PELEUS, TELEMON, and forty-three other Thef- 
 falian and Argive heroes, thefe Argonauts appeared in 
 their proper drefles on horfeback. Bifhop BLAIZE. 
 patron of the Wookombers, was drawn in a phaeton, 
 or triumphal car ; the cavalcade was accompanied 
 by the focieties of Wookombers in then-different uni- 
 forms, and a Shepherd and Shepherdefs to each fo- 
 ciety ; with proper bands of mufic, decorations of 
 flags, and other emblemeticalornaments, to complete 
 the proceffion. 
 
 ORDER
 
 ORDER OF THE PROCESSION, 
 
 FOUR TRUMPETERS. 
 
 MARSHAL-MAN. 
 PEACE. 
 
 ORATOR. 
 
 B A N N E R or BRITANNIA. 
 PLENTY. 
 
 D FIFES. 
 
 TWENTY 
 
 ARGONAUTS. 
 
 HERCULES. 
 
 LYNCEVS, THE GOLDEN FLEECE, TIPHY. 
 
 ZETES. Borne on a GRAND PALANQUIN by 4 Men. CALAIS. 
 
 ORPHEUS. 
 CASTOR. JASON DRAWN in a PHAETON. POLLUX. 
 
 BY FOUR HORSES. 
 
 STANDARD OF THE ARGONAUTS. 
 " # * # ~ 
 
 TWENTY 
 
 ARGONAUTS. 
 
 MILITIA BAND, 
 
 STANDARD or THE CITY. 
 
 TWO VERGERS. 
 
 OR A T O R. 
 
 BISHOP'S CHAPLAIN 
 IN A PHAETON AND PAIR. 
 
 PAGE. -BISHOP BLAIZE PAGE. 
 
 IN A PHAETON DRAWN BY SIX HORSES. 
 
 STANDARD OF THE CITY. 
 
 The BOOK-KEEPERS, SHEPHERDS and SHEPHERDESSIS 
 
 belonging to the different Societies of Combers -12 Companies. 
 
 Seven Companies on Foot. Five Ditto on Hcrfeback.
 
 CHRONOLOGY 
 
 O F 
 REMARKABLE EVENTS IN NORWICH. 
 
 446 THE fonndation of Norwich. 
 
 575 The caftle firft built by Uffa King of the Eaft 
 
 Angles. 
 
 872 King Alfred in Norwich, and improved the for- 
 tifications of the caftle. 
 912. King Athelftan in Norwich. 
 980 Norwich made a. Borough, and governed by a. 
 Serjeant. 
 
 1004 Norwich burnt by Sweno, or Swain, the Dane, 
 who then returned to his own country. 
 
 1010 The Danes returned into England, fubdued the 
 Eaft Angles ; and fettled in Norwich and Nor- 
 folk in lot i. 
 
 1014 The Danes driven out of England by Etheldred. 
 
 10 1 6 The Danes again returned under Canute, who 
 in 1017 became King of England, afligning 
 Norfolk and Norwich to the cuftody of Turkill, 
 a Danim Earl. 
 
 1018 The prefent caftle is fuppofed to have been built 
 about this time, by King Canute, and repaired, 
 ornamented, and the outworks added, by Tho- 
 mas de Brotherton in 13 1>. 
 
 1030 Norwich was a fifhingtown, the ground on which 
 St. Laurence church ftands being the ftaith. 
 
 1060 Norwich had 1,32* burgefles and 25 churches. 
 
 1075 William the Conqueror, gave the Earldom, 
 city and caftle, to Ralph de Waiet, who rebel- 
 ling againft his benefactor, was fubdued, and 
 t e city much injured in the conteft. 
 
 io!6 Nor-
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 1086 Norwich contained 1,565 burgefTes, and 480 
 
 bordars, i. e. labourers. 
 
 1087 William Rufus having fupprefled the rebellion 
 
 of Roger Bigot, granted the city many pri- 
 vileges. 
 
 1094 Herbert de Lofinga removed the Bimopric from 
 Thetford to Norwich, April 9, and in 1096, 
 laid the firft ftone of the cathedral. 
 
 1 1 22 Henry I. being at Norwich, granted the citizens 
 a charter, containing the fame franchifes* and 
 liberties as London then enjoyed. From this 
 time the city was governed by a Provoft, cho- 
 fen by the King, and the government of it 
 firft fevered from the caftle. 
 
 1135 King Stephen granted the cuftody of the caftle 
 to Hugh Bigot. 
 
 1140 The Jews are f aid to have crucified a child, 
 named William, of iz years old, and buried 
 him in Thorpe wood ; the body was dug up by 
 the monks five years after, and became famous 
 for the miracles performed at it's flirine, by their 
 pious frauds, 
 
 1152 King Stephen made Norwich a corporation. 
 
 1174 The cathedral damaged accidentally by fire, 
 and the city plundered by the Flemings, who 
 came to affift Hugh Bigot, in his rebellion 
 againft King Henry II. 
 
 1 193 King Richard I. granted a new charter, in which 
 the people of Norwich were firft called Citizens. 
 
 1216 Lewii, the Dauphin, having obtained a grant of 
 the kingdom from the Pope, took the caftle, 
 and plundered the citizens, a la Francoife. 
 
 1252 The city inclofed with a ditch.
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 1266 The difplaced Barons feized the caftle, plun- 
 dered the city, and killed many of the inha- 
 tants. 
 
 1271 The cathedral fteeple ftruck by lightning. A 
 
 great flood. 
 
 1272 A quarrel between the citizens and monks, in 
 
 which they alternately plundered and murdered 
 each other. From this time to the reformation, 
 animofities never ceafed between them; the ec- 
 clefiaftics were often pillaged and perfonally 
 abufed by the populace, and the purfe of peace - 
 aWe citizens compromifed the difference. 
 
 1278 The cathedral was finifhed and confecrated on 
 Advent Sunday, by William de Middleton, the 
 Bifhop. 
 
 1 7 80 Confiderable damage done to the city and county 
 by inundations and tempefls. 
 
 1285 The citizens obtained a new charter, but.no ex- 
 tenfion of privileges. 
 
 1289 On Wednefday after the feaft of Epiphany hap- 
 pened a flood, which ran over White Friar's 
 bridge, and deftroyed feveral houfes. 
 
 1294 The city walls firft begun. Finifhedin 1319, 
 
 or 1320. 
 1296 Norwich firft fent reprefentatives to parliament 
 
 2 $th of Edward I. 
 1^97 The cloifter began to be built. Finifhed in 
 
 '4-30 
 1315 A great dearth and mortality, fo that the living 
 
 were fcarcely fufficient to bury the dead. 
 1328 A free trade for all Worfteds Manufactured in 
 
 Norwich was granted : This may mow how
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 confiderable the Manufactory of the city was, 
 even in that early period. 
 
 1336 This year is memorable for the great increafe 
 of Worfted Stuffs, by a colony of Dutch, and 
 Flemings, who were driven out of their coun- 
 try by an inundation. This trade was further 
 encouraged by Edw. III. prohibiting the ex- 
 portation of unwrought wool, and granting 
 great privileges to foreign artificers ; and by 
 a fumptuary law, the firft of its kind in Eng- 
 land, ordering that none fhould wear any other 
 than Englifh cloth, except the Royal Family, 
 and thofe who could afford to fpend totl. a 
 year. 
 
 1340 From February to Eafler following there was a 
 
 public tournament in Norwich, at which King 
 Edwdrd III. and Queen Philippa were prefent. 
 In the fame year the gates and towers of the 
 city were fortified and made habitable. 
 
 1341 The caftle became the public gaol for the coun- 
 
 ty of Norfolk. 
 
 1343 A very high wind, by which the pafiage-boat 
 then coming from Yarmouth was funk near 
 Cantley, and 38 perfons perifhed. 
 
 1348 The plague, dettroyed, itisfaid, above 57,000 
 people in Norwich. 
 
 1 3 5* A great tournament was held here, at which Ed- 
 ward the Black Prince, and many of the nobi- 
 lity were prefent. The city made a grand 
 entertainment for the Prince and his retinue, 
 at the expence of 37!. 4,5. 6d, 
 
 13*1 A
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 I j6i A great dearth, attended by a plague ; this was 
 called the fecond peftilence. On the i5th of 
 January the fame year, the tower of the cathe- 
 dral was blown down, and falling upon the 
 choir, demoliftied great part of it. 
 
 1369 The plague broke out and carried off great 
 numbers of people. 
 
 1377 The battlements on the walls and towers of the 
 city amounted to 1630. The inhabitants to 
 5,300. 
 
 1 381 The rebels in Norfolk, amounting to 50,000 men, 
 headed by Litefter, a dyer of Norwich, totally 
 difperfed at North-walfham, by the troops un- 
 der Henry le Spencer, Bifhop of Norwich. 
 
 1383 King Richard II. and his Queen vifited Nor- 
 wich, and were received with great pomp. 
 
 1390 A great mortality raged in Norfolk, and other 
 counties, occafioned by the people eating un- 
 wholfome food. 
 
 1403 A Mayor and two Sheriffs appointed, inflead 
 of the four Bailiffs. William Appleyard the firft 
 Mayor. 
 
 1413 The city fuftained great damage by fire. 
 
 1416 By the charter obtained this year, the mode of 
 chufmg the mayor, flieriits, common-council, 
 &c. in the city, was regulated. 
 
 1455 A ftatute was made, limiting the number of at- 
 tornies to fix for Norfolk, fix for Suffolk, and 
 two for the city of Norwich. In the preamble, 
 an excellent reafon is given for the regulation. 
 
 1463 The cathedral confiderably damaged by fire. 
 
 1472 In this year, it is fuppofed, the day of eled- 
 0,3 ing
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 ing the Mayor, was changed from the firft of 
 March to the firft of May, as it ftill continues. 
 
 1477 A plague throughout England, which, Holling- 
 
 fhead fays, deftroyed more people in four 
 months, than had been killed in the laft 15 
 years war. 
 
 1478 Another great peftilence began in September and 
 
 continued till November following, in which 
 time, Nevyle fays, there died an incredible 
 number of people in the city. 
 
 3485 The kingdom was vifited by a new kind of dif- 
 eafe, called the Sweating Sicknefs : fcarce one 
 in a hundred efcaped the contagion, and great 
 numbers died 
 
 1-501 John Rightwife, mayor, began building the 
 crofs in the market, and finiflied it in 1503. 
 It was taken down in 1732 by, it is faid, a 
 Mr. Otherwife. 
 
 1507 April 25 and Juue 4, two fires, by which 718 
 houfes in the city were deftroyed. 
 
 1519 A great flood on St. Leonard's day, thence cal- 
 led St. Leonard's flood. 
 
 1530 King Henry VIII. was declared fupreme head 
 of the church ; and acknowledged fo by ad of 
 parliament 1535, which gave to the King all 
 abbies and monafteries, not having grants 
 of above 200!. a year value. 
 
 15 34 The council chamber wat built in the mayoralty 
 of Auguftine Steward, Efq. About this time 
 feveral people were burnt in Norwich and 
 other places for Lollardy. 
 
 1539 The
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 1539 The prior and convent in the precincl, con- 
 verted into a dean and 'chapter, and made a 
 body corporate ; and the precinft, which till 
 then made part of the hundred of Blofield, de- 
 clared to be part of the city and county of 
 Norwich. 
 
 1544 The Mayor's feaft for the firft time kept in St 
 Andrew's HalL 
 
 1549 Kett's rebellion broke out at Wymondham, July 
 the 7th. 
 
 1551 The difeafe called the fweating ficknefs, broke 
 out at Shrewfbury in April, fpreading by de- 
 grees all over the kingdom, till October fol- 
 lowing. In London 960 perfons died of it in 
 one week, and prodigious numbers in other 
 places* What was very extraordinary, no 
 foreigner died of it. 
 
 1558 A great mortality raged through the kingdom j 
 in Norwich 10 Aldermen died. 
 
 1561 The Earls of Northumberland and Huntingdon, 
 with many other nobles and knight?, dined with 
 the mayor, on the guild-day, in St. Andrew's 
 Hall. 
 
 1566 Three hundred and thirty Dutch and Walloons 
 were invited to fettle here, where rhey intro- 
 duced the manufacturing of bayes, fays, arras, 
 mockades, &c. In .1571 their number had 
 increafed to 3,925, and in 1582, to 4,679. 
 
 1568 The well end of the guild-hall rebuilt. 
 
 1569 The Earls' rebellion in Norwich. 
 
 1570 Printing firft pradifed in ^Jorwich. 
 
 1570 A
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 *57 A g reat flood, from the feafon in which it hap- 
 pened, called Candlemas flood ; it rofe conii- 
 derrably higher than that of St. Leonard's 
 flood. The North fide of the city was totally 
 overflown, and Fye-bridge broken down. The 
 fame year John Throgmorton, Thomas Brooke, 
 and G. Dedman, were hanged and quartered 
 at Norwich, for high treafon. 
 
 1574 Norfolk had 6,120 able men on the mufter-roll, 
 
 of which 3, 630 were armed ; and Norwich had 
 2,120 able men, of whom 400 were armed. 
 This enrollment was made when an invafion 
 was expecled from Spain, by means of the 
 boafted INVINCIBLE ARMADA. There is 
 reafon for believing that the county and city 
 could now raife 24,000 men on a fimilar oc- 
 cafion. 
 
 1575 The Dutch fettled here invented the manufac- 
 
 turing of bombazines, for of which they ob- 
 tained an exclufive privilege. 
 
 1578 Queen Elizabeth came to Norwich on Saturday 
 the i6th of Auguft, and ftaid till the Friday 
 following, during which fhe and her fuite 
 lodged at the Bifhop's palace, and were en- 
 tertained with pageantries, principally allufive 
 tothe trade and manufactures of the city. The 
 Queen dined in public in the North alley of 
 the cloifter. In the fame year, the Shire- 
 houfe on the caftle-hill was built. 
 
 15.79 A plague in Norwich, of which 4,817 perfons 
 died, including 10 Aldermen, between Auguft 
 20, 1578, and February 19, 1579. This ter- 
 rible
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 rible fcourge, was faid to have been bronght 
 
 here by fbme of the Queen's attendants in the 
 
 preceding year, 
 i582,.The water was conveyed from the New Mills 
 
 to the Crofs in the market. 
 1583 The plague broke out again, and eight or nine 
 
 hundred people died of it. 
 
 1588 Another plague, but it did not rage violently. 
 1591 White-friars bridge, and (fome accounts fay) 
 
 Coflany bridge, were built with free-ftone. In 
 
 the fame year 672 perfons died in the city in 
 
 lefs than four months. 
 1597 It was agreed, that no one mould ferve the office 
 
 of Mayor a fecond time, unlefs at a diftance of 
 
 nine years from the firft ferving. 
 
 1601 April 29, the cathedral fpire greatly damaged 
 
 by lightning. 
 
 1602 Three thoufand and feventy-fix perfons died 
 
 here of the plague. 
 
 1609 Sir John Pettus erefted the building over the 
 fpring without Bifhop's-gate. - In the fame 
 year a plague, tho' but few people died of it. 
 
 161 1 At a public rejoicing on Tomb-land with fire- 
 works, 3 1 perfons were killed by the crouds 
 of people- 
 
 1615 A great flood on St. Andrew's day, thence cal- 
 led St. Andrew's flood. 
 
 1620 The Boys Hofpital was begun, and 14 boys firft 
 put into it. 
 
 1626 One thoufand four hundred and thirty-one 
 perfons died here of the plague. 
 
 1629 A curious letter from Lord Pembroke, directed 
 
 to
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 to the mayor and fheriffs, complains of the 
 quality of the herring pies fent to the exche- 
 quer. The herrings were not of the firft that 
 were taken the pies were not well baked the 
 herrings were deficient in number theyfhould 
 be 120 hejrings, and five in every pye many 
 of the pies were much broken, &c. Ccurtiers 
 might fur ely be better employed. 
 
 1648 John Utting, efq. the mayor, paying little re- 
 gard to a petition prefented to him by about 
 I ^o of the godly of the day, was fent for to 
 London. He was a great favourite of the 
 common people, who had like to have mur- 
 dered the Meflenger. After he was gone, 
 the mob went to the Committee-houfe, Hand- 
 ing on the fite of the prefent Bethel, where 
 the gunpowder was kept, and fet fire to 80 
 barrels, which killed above 100 perfons, and 
 greatly damaged the adjacent buildings. 
 
 1654 Anordinance being publimed for raifing 90,000!-. 
 a month for the maintenance of the army and 
 navy, the city and county of Norwich raifed 
 240!. and the county of Norfolk 4,660!. 
 
 1656 July 20 and 26. Two tremendous ftorms of 
 hail, accompanied with thunder and lightning ; 
 many of the halftones, meafuring five inches in 
 circumference, deftroyed the windows in Nor- 
 which and its environs, and whole fields of 
 .corn were burnt by the lightning. The lofs 
 fuflained amounted to above 3000!. 
 
 1665 Two thoufand two hundred and fifty-one per- 
 fons died of the plague. 
 
 1671 King
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 1671 King Charles II. and his Queen, with the Dukes 
 of York and Monmouth, were fumptuoufly en- 
 tertained at the Duke's Palace, by Lord 
 Henry Howard. 
 
 1673 A great fnow which laid upon the ground from 
 February 24, till Eailer, and fuddenly thaw- 
 ing, occafioned a great flood, which damaged 
 moil of the bridges in Norwich. 
 
 1696 A new regulation of the coin, and a mint fet up 
 
 in Norwich. 
 
 1697 The water-works at the new-mills undertaken, 
 
 and completed in about two years. 
 1701 A printing office opened in Norwich, by Francis 
 
 Surges. 
 
 1 706 Two great floods in Norwich in November. 
 1 709 The New-mills re-built. 
 
 1711 The wherry in its paflage from Yarmouth over- 
 
 fet on Breydon, October 5, and 20 perfons 
 drowned. 
 
 1712 The aft obtained for eredling a workhoufe in 
 
 Norwich. 
 1715 The artillery company of 100 men, firft raifed 
 
 in Norwich. ; ^ . 
 17 16 The gold chain, given by Mr. Thomas Hall of 
 
 London, to be worn by the mayor, coft lool. 
 
 us. 
 1720 September 20. A mob in Pockthorp, under 
 
 pretence of deftroying callicoes, was difperfed 
 
 by the artillery company. -,~j - 
 1722 A great ftruggle of parties about the choice of 
 
 a (heriff. The candidates were alderman 
 
 Weld and Mr. Paul ; the latter fucceeded.
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS, 
 
 1725 Si. Andrew's hall opened as an exchange, but 
 
 continued fo only one year. 
 
 1726 The Norwich tonnage aft took place May i. 
 1732 The ftone pillar called charing-crofs, and the 
 
 market-crofs, taken down. 
 
 1737 Oftober4, a great part of the city flooded. 
 
 1738 The ditches on the fouth fide of the caftle-hill 
 
 levelled; ever fmce the cattle-market has 
 been kept there, which within the laft few 
 years has greatly increafed. 
 
 1739 A deepfnow fell about Chriftmas, and remained 
 
 upon the ground till March, when on the 
 breaking up of tbe froft, a prodigious flood en- 
 fued. This has ever fince been called the hard 
 winter. It's feverity occafioned fcarcity, and 
 that produced riots, which were not quelled in 
 Norwich without military affiftance, and the 
 lofs of fix or feven lives. 
 
 1741 It was ordered, that no foreigner, for the future 
 be permitted to carry on any retail trade in 
 the city, for longer than fix months, without 
 taking up his freedom. 
 
 1745 An artillery company raifed in Norwich, under 
 
 the command of the Right Honourable the 
 Lord Hobart. 
 
 1746 September 30. The Shire-houfe on the caftle- 
 
 hill bnrnt down. Re-built in 1748. 
 1751 October 22. Bridewell and feveral adjoining 
 
 houfes burnt down. 
 
 '753 J ul 7 z8 - Bridewell greatly damaged by fire. 
 1754 Twelve dozen and fix fkeins of curious hard, 
 
 even fpun crape yarn, made by a woman at 
 
 Eaft
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 Bail Dereham, weighed only 16 ounces and 
 nearly 2 drams. 
 
 1757 The militia aft fixed the number of men to be 
 
 . raifed for Norwich at 151. And the county 
 809 total 960. 
 
 1758 January v ai. The new theatre opened with 
 
 " The Way of the World." 
 
 J 759 January 21. A violent hail florin, fome of the 
 halftones, or more properly pieces of ice, were 
 two inches long, and weighed of an ounce. --- 
 The pageant of Bifhop BLAIZE exhibited in 
 Norwich. 
 
 1762 Oft. 22. A flood which continued to increafe 
 
 for three days, overflowed the lower part of the 
 city, and laid near 300 houfes, with eight 
 parifh churches under water. It rofe 1 5 inches 
 higher than that called St. Faith's flood in 
 1691 j but not fo high as the great flood in 1646 
 by eight inches, or St. Andrew's flood in 1614, 
 by 13 inches. 
 
 1763 Hackney coaches firft fet up in Norwich, by 
 
 William Huggins. 
 
 1766 The great fcarcity of provifions occafioned a. 
 riot in Norwich ; it broke out Saturday Sep- 
 tember 27, about noon, and was not fuppreffed 
 till the following day at five o'clock, during 
 which, part of the new-mills was damaged, 
 and a large quantity of flour deftroyed there ; 
 a malt-houfe without King's-ftreet gates was 
 burnt down ; the furniture of feveral bakers de- 
 molifhed, and many other outrages commit- 
 ted ; when, the magiftrates and principal in- 
 R habitants
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 habitants determining to repel force by force, 
 attacked the rioters whilft they were demoli th- 
 ing a baker's houfe on Tomb-land, and ef- 
 fectually difperfed them. 
 
 1768 Auguft 2. A terrible thunder ftorm ; the 
 lightning fell on one of the towers between 
 Brazen-doors and Ber-fireet-gates, and a boy 
 of feven yeaxs old was killed on the fpot. 
 Three hundred and eighteen freeholders for the 
 county of Norfolk refided in Norwich. 
 
 1772 June 2. A violent tempeft, in which the houfe 
 
 now occupied by Counfellor Cooper, in Bethel- 
 ftreet, was much injured by lightning. 
 
 1773 A dreadful thunder-ilorm which lafted from 
 
 feven in the evening, Auguft 13, till ten the 
 next morning, but did little damage. 
 
 1774 June 17. Another thunder-ftorm, by which the 
 
 church of St. Peter Southgate was damaged. 
 The fame year St. Andrew's-hall underwent a 
 a great alteration : feveral houfes, the old gate- 
 ,way and the wall next bridge-fheet, were taken 
 down, and a convenient opening left. 
 
 1779 The new-year was ufhered in with one of the 
 moft terrible florms of wind attended by thun- 
 der and lightning; in which the lead upon St. 
 Andrew's church was rolled up, and many 
 other churches and houfes greatly damaged. 
 
 1783 The pageant of Bifhop Blaize exhibited by the 
 Woolcombers, March 24. 
 
 1785 On Friday the 2jd of July, at half part four, 
 Major Money afcended in a Balloon, from the 
 public garden without St. Stephen's-gates, and 
 pailing overPakefield, a village between Yar-
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS. 
 
 mouth and Southwold, was carried near feven 
 leagues from the land before the balloon touch- 
 ed the water, at about feven o'clock ; and af- 
 ter beating about for four hours, was extricated 
 from his perilous fituation by the Argus reve- 
 nue cutter. 
 
 1788 Part of the lower clofe was inclofed by Dean 
 Lloyd, and a handfome garden made. 
 
 1791 The refervoir for water on Tomb-land taken 
 
 down. 
 
 1792 Rochefter-lane widened, and a good carriage 
 
 road made crofs the caftle-ditches, through 
 t.-. .in .i.v.i mu ut-cn cauea wie unttm-pal- 
 
 fage, into King's-ftreet. 
 
 1792 The gentlemens walk paved with ftone called 
 Scotch granite. 
 
 1792 & 1 703. Seven of the gates taken down, and two- 
 
 openings made through the walls, one be- 
 tween Ber-ftreet-gate and Brazen doors, the 
 other by chapel -field. 
 
 *793 Between Saturday morning and Sunday night 
 December 22, one thoufand feven hundred 
 Turkies, weighing 9 tons 2 cwt. and 2 Ib. 
 value 6tol. were lent from Norwich to Lon- 
 don, in the various carriages ; and two days 
 after, half as many more. 
 
 1 793 In September an American Aloe flowered 
 
 in the hot-houfe of James Crowe, Efq. at La- 
 kenham. In December the Hay-houfe in the 
 market-place was taken down, and an under- 
 ground engine, for weighing hay, conftrucled 
 upon the caftle ditches. 
 1793 The new county gaol built.
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 TO THE CHRONOLOGY. 
 
 The following ftoryis fuch as frequently occurs in our 
 early hiftories, and may ferve to amufe the reader, 
 though not to inform the ftudent of Natural Hif- 
 tory. It feems to be the offspring of fiftion adopt* 
 ed by credulity. 
 
 '1107 Ralph de Goggeftial affirms a man-fifh to have 
 been taken near Orford in Suffolk. As it had 
 a human face and beard, it was prefumed that 
 it could fpeak, and many tortures were applied 
 to the poor animal to overcome its filence, but 
 zr-i..... ^-~~__j WiC^aatepi^Jfcttt lefs in- 
 humanity, its captors took it to church, where, 
 as might naturally be expeded, ' it (hewed no 
 figns of devotion.' The diet which this tor- 
 mented creature ufed was fifti, out of which it 
 had previoufly fqueezed the moifture with its 
 hands. One day, being neglected by its keep- 
 ers, this ' lufus naturas' found its way to the 
 fea, and was heard of no more. Bartholomew 
 de Glanville was Conftable of Orford Caftle 
 when this event is faid to have happened. 
 
 1243 The hofpital in Bifhopgate-ftreet, built by 
 Biftiop Southfield. 
 
 1273 The King took away the liberties of Norwich, 
 put down their bailiffs, and appointed gover- 
 nors of his own for three years together, on ac- 
 count of the late riot. 
 
 1286 The Jews fynagogue, on the hay-hill, Nor- 
 wich, deftroyed. 
 
 1430 St. Peter's Mancroft church begun finifhed in 
 '455-
 
 APPENDIX TO THE CHRONOLOGY. 
 1448 King Henry VI. came to Norwich. 
 1472 The commons of Norwich yielded to the fhe- 
 
 riffs 30!. per annum towards their fee-farm. 
 
 Edmund Stalie., being fheriff, kept his fhrie r 
 
 valty at Trowfe. 
 
 1474 King Edward IV. came to Norwich. 
 14^6 King Henry VII. came to Norwich; alfo in 
 
 1498 with the Queen, and the King's mother. 
 1506 St. Andrew's church built. 
 1509 Great part of the cathedral burnt down. 
 1511 St. Michael's Coflany church built by fheriff 
 
 Stalham. 
 1515 The Queen of France and Duke of Norfolk came 
 
 to Norwich. 
 1517 Cardinal Wolfey came to Norwich j alfo again 
 
 with Queen Catherine, 1533. 
 
 1522 Charles V. Emperor of Germany came to Nor- 
 
 wich. 
 
 1523 Chriftian King of Denmark and his Queen, in 
 
 Norwich. 
 
 1529 The Queen of France came to Norwich. 
 
 1550 The free-fchool purchafed ofK, Edward VI. 
 
 1553 St. Stephen's church built. 
 
 1558 Nine perfons burnt in Norwich for herefy. 
 
 1592 A well built on the hay -hill 
 
 1599 This year one Kempe came dancing all the way 
 from London to Norwich. 
 
 1608 The city library began. 
 
 1621 Ber-ftreet paved throughout. 
 
 1642 William Gofling, Efq. mayor of Norwich, car- 
 ried prifoner to Cambridge, by Lord Grey, 
 where he was confined three months, for re- 
 fufing to confirm the orders for railing troops 
 for the parliament.
 
 APPENDIX TO THE CHRONOLOGY. 
 1643 The organs pulled down, and much other da- 
 mage done to the cathedral. 
 
 1646 A plague in Norwich, and fo great a flood Nov. 
 
 15, that boats were rov^ed in fome of the lower 
 ftreets. 
 
 1647 The lead taken off the Bifliop's palace and cha- 
 
 pel, by order of parliament. 
 
 1648 Sir Thomas Fairfax came to Norwich. Six 
 
 men hanged for attempting to refcue J. Utting, 
 
 Efq. the mayor, and blowing up the magazine 
 
 of gunpowder. 
 1650 Twenty-four perfons hanged at Norwich, and 
 
 other place* in the county, for an intended 
 
 infurreclion in favour of K. Charles II. 
 1660 Sir Jofeph Payne, the mayor, knighted by 
 
 Charles II. 
 1663 The Lord Henry Howard gave the city a filver 
 
 bafon and ewer, worth 6oL 
 1677 Seven aldermen difplaced. 
 1 68 1 The Duke of York came to Norwich. 
 i6$2 A number of French workmen driven out of the 
 
 city by the populace. 
 1684 Thomas Berney, Efq. executed in the town- 
 
 clofe, for the murder of Mr. Bedingfield. 
 
 1687 Ten aldermen, and nineteen common-council, 
 
 difplaced. 
 
 1688 The Duke of Norfolk, attended by 300 knights 
 
 and gentlemen, rode into the market-place, and 
 declared for a Free Parliament Dec. 7 and 8, 
 the mob deftroyed the catholic chapel at Black 
 Friar's-yard, and pillaging many houfes be- 
 longing to the catholics, were difperfed by the 
 trained bands.
 
 APPENDIX TO THE CHRONOLOGY. 
 
 1689 The polls for fheriff chanced to be twice equal, 
 between Mr. John Drake and Mr. Roger 
 Salter j on the third trial, the fame day, Mr. 
 Drake fucceeded. 
 
 1693 Mr. Thomas Larwood, (a diflenter) fined five 
 marks by the Judges, for refufing to ferve the 
 office of meriff, to which he had been chofen in 
 1692, leaving the court to fine him, upon his 
 refufal to ferve ir chofen again. 
 
 1697 A great flood in Norwich. 
 
 1698 Sir Henry Hobart killed by Mr. Le Neve. A 
 
 great fnow 
 
 1704 A great ftruggle of parties about chufing an al- 
 derman. The candidates were Mr. Thomas 
 Dunclv, and Mr. Benjamin Auflin : The for- 
 mer fucceeded. An election for members of 
 parliament came on the fame year, when 
 William Blyth, Efq. the mayor, was committed 
 to the cuftody of a fergeant at arms, for 
 fome irregular and undue proceedings during 
 the conteft. 
 
 1712 The ileeple of St. Atidrew's-hall fell down, 
 Nov. 5. 
 
 1717 Two mayors of Norwich died within 10 months. 
 
 1730 Some labourers digging on mouftiold heath, in 
 the manor of Thorpe, difcovered the founda- 
 tion walls of the church called St. William's in 
 the wood, which were 33 inches thick. 
 
 1734 At the contefted election for the county of Nor- 
 folk, 6,302 freeholders polled, which is the 
 greateft number everafTembkd here on a fimi- 
 lar occasion.
 
 APPENDIX TO THH CHRONOLOGY. 
 
 ,'1759 J u ty 4 an( i5. The Norfolk Militia marched 
 from Norwich, for Portfmouth, one batallion by 
 way of Cambridge, the other by Colchefter, 
 to London, and patted in review before his 
 Majefty, thro' the palace yard at Kenfington. 
 
 1788 Tn a colleftion of Wild Beafts, exhibited at the 
 fign of the Bear, in the market-place, a very 
 large and beautiful Tiger broke loofe in the 
 night ; and two fmall Monkies being left out 
 of their boxes, he devoured one of them, with 
 the collar and chain, which being unable to 
 digeft, he died within a few days : the other 
 Monkey, creeping into a corner, fagacioufly 
 concealed himfelf by drawing a mat over his 
 body, and defervedly efcaped the imminent 
 danger. 
 
 A LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT 
 for the CITY of NORWICH from the RESTORA- 
 
 TJON tO 1700,. 
 
 1660 William Barnham, Thomas Rant. 
 
 1661 prancis Carey, Chriftopher Jay ; who dying, 
 
 were fucceeded by W. Pafton, Auguftin Briggs. 
 
 1678 William Pafton, Auguftin Briggs. 
 
 1679 Hon. William Lord Pafton, Auguftin Briggs. 
 1681 The fame. 
 
 1685 Hon. Robert Pafton, Sir Nevil Catline, Knt. 
 1688 Sir Nevil Catline, Knt. Thomas Blofeild. 
 1692 Thomas Blofeild, HughBockenhain, who dyiug 
 
 ia 1694, was iucceeded by John Ward. 
 1695 Francis Gardiner, Thomas Blofeild. 
 1698 Robert Davy, Thomas Blofeild. 
 1700 The fame.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 171 
 
 Seats and Principal Houfes in the County.* 
 
 Miles from Norwich. 
 
 Bayfield, Henry Jodrell, Efq. 23 
 Bixley, The Right Hon. Earl of Rofebery. 3 
 
 Brooke, Roger Kerrilbn, Efq. 6 
 
 Bracon Afti, John Bcrney, Efq. 6 
 
 Beefton St. Laurence, Mrs. Prefton 10 , 
 
 Buckenham Houfe, The Right Hon. Lord Petre. 25 
 
 Burnham, The Right Hon. Lord Camelford. 32 
 
 Befthorpe, Vane, Elq. 12 
 
 Beefton, Andrew John Micklethwayt, Efq. 4 
 
 Cockley Cley, John R. Dafhwood, Efq. 28 
 
 Cromer, George Windham, Efq. 22 
 
 Creffingham, The Right Hon. Earl Clermont. 23 
 
 Ditchingham, Th^: Rev. Bacon Bedingfield, 12 
 
 Earftiam, Jofeph Windham, Efq. 13 
 
 Elmham, Richard Milks, Efq. 18 
 
 Eccles, William Woodley, Efq. 17 
 Eafton Lodge, Sir Lambert Blackwell, Bart. 6 
 
 Gillingham, Mr. Schutz. 16 
 
 Geldeftone, Thomas Kerrich, Efq. 14 
 
 Gunthorpe, Charles Collyer, Efq. 22 
 Honingham, The Honourable Charles Tow nfliend. 7 
 Hethel, Sir Thomas Beevor, Bart. 6 
 
 Hanworth, Robert Lee Doughty, Efq. 19 
 
 Hargham, Hugh Hare, Efq. 18 
 
 Heydon, William Earle Bulwer, Efq. 14 
 
 Hedenham, Charles Garneys, Efq. 12 
 
 Hillington, Sir M. Browne Folkes, Bart: 38 
 Heveringland, Wrn. FelLwes. Efq. 9 
 
 Hilburgh, fohn Micklethwayt, Efq. 27 
 
 Honing, Thomas Cubit, Efq. 14 
 Kirby Bedo , Sir John Berney, Bart. . 3 
 
 Letton, Brampton Gurdon Dillingham, Efq. 15 
 
 Lyndt'ord, George Nekhorpe, Efq 27 
 
 Melton, Sir John Lombe, Bart. 6 
 
 Merton, The Right Hon. Lord Walfingham 20 
 
 Narborough, Tyfon, Efq. 32 
 
 Nadon, William Mafon, Efq. 24 
 
 Oxfeurgh, Sir Richard Bedingfield, Bart. 33 
 Quiddenham, The Right Hon. Earl of Albemarle. 17 
 
 Rackheath, Edward Stracey, Efq. 4 
 
 Rougham, Fountaine North, Efq. 19 
 
 Rifton, Edward Roger Pratt, Efq. 38 
 
 Shotteftiam, Robert Fillowes, Efq. 6 
 
 Scortow, Sir Thomas Dunant, Bart: 10 
 
 Saxlingham, The Rev. Archdeacon Gooch. 20 
 
 Shadwell Lodge, Robert John Buxton, Efq. 28 
 
 Spixworth, Francis Longe, Efq 4 
 
 Senham Lodge, Thomas Wodehoufe, Efq. 17 
 
 Stow Bardolph, Hare, Efq. 40 
 
 Snarehill, James Pell, Efq. 30 
 
 * The Scats particularly defcribed in the book are not inferred in 
 this lift. 
 
 i
 
 I 7 2 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Taverhar, Viiles Branthwayt, Efq. 6 
 
 Toft Wer, M::phen Payne Gaivvay, Efq. 23 
 
 Thursfcrd. ST George Chatid, Bart. 26 
 'Wefr'i.', John Cuftance, Efq. 
 
 Waxh.im and Worftead, S;r Berney Brograve, Bart. 18 and 14 
 
 Wrethann, Wm. Colhoun, Efq. 26 
 
 Woodtv-n, Mrs. Suckling. 10 
 
 Weafenh. m, VVrn. Mafon, jun. Efq. 28 
 
 Wilton, Mil's Noiris 15 
 
 Weftacre High Houfe, Anthony Hammond, Efq; 30 
 
 C O S S E Y- H A L L. 
 
 THE feat < f Sir William Jerningham, Bart, who 
 has made very fine improvements, railed many beau- 
 tiful plantations, and opened a view to the Hall upon 
 the approach from Norwich, which has a pleafing 
 effect: the winding of the river Wenfum at the bot- 
 tom of a delightful lawn, through the meadows, and 
 vifible from all the plantations to a great diftance, 
 forms at once a ftriking and charming fcene. In 
 every alteration made round Cofley, Sir Wi.liam has 
 {hewn an elegant and fuperior tafte in planting. The 
 ruins and cottages in the plantations are well fancied 
 and happily difpofed ; there is a diftinguifhing neat- 
 nefs and pleafing combination of objects in various 
 points of view, which pervades the whole, and ren- 
 ders the landfcape very delightful. From the Belle- 
 View, at a fmall diftance from the houfe, you have an 
 extenfive profped of the furrounding country. Nor- 
 wich is very diftinclly feen. 
 
 The country about CofTey is finely broke into a 
 romantic vale, the gentle afcent on each fide of which 
 is beautifully dotted with wood. A flow, but clear 
 brook meanders through one of the beft imagined 
 parki in Norfolk. The houfe is an ancient building, 
 of not very great extent, but it contains feveral good 
 rooms, many paintings by eminent matters, and an 
 extenfive library of elegant and weil-chofen books.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 173 
 
 HOUGHTON. 
 
 THE firft appearance of this hall, the celebrated 
 feat of the late Earl of Orford, built by Sir Robert Wai- 
 pole, is that of feveral very magnificent plantations, 
 which furround it every way. In the road from Sy- 
 derftone, they appear, we think, to the greateft ad- 
 vantage ; they are feen to a great extent, with open- 
 ings left judicioufly in many places, to let in the 
 view of more diftant woods ; which changes the 
 {hade, and gives them that Iblemn brownnefs, which 
 has always a very great effect. The flatnefs of the 
 country, however, is a circnmftance, which inftead of 
 fetting them off, and making them appear larger 
 than they really are, gives them a diminutive air,j in 
 comparifon to the number of acres really planted. 
 For were thefe vaft plantations difpofed upon ground 
 with great inequalities of furface, fuch as hills rifing 
 one above another, or vaft flopes flretching away to 
 the right and left, they would appear to be almoft 
 boundlefs, and mew twenty times the extent they do 
 at prefent. The woods which are feen from the Soutk 
 front of the houfe, are planted with great judgment, 
 to remedy the effecl of the country's flatnefs ; for 
 they are fo difpofed as to appear one beyond another 
 in different fhades, to a great extent. 
 
 The whole extent of the building, including the 
 colonade and wings, which contain the offices, is 450 
 feet; the main body of the houfe extends 1 66. The 
 whole building is of Hone, and crowned with an en- 
 tablature of the Ionic order, on which is a baluftrade. 
 S At
 
 174 THE NORFOLK TOU. 
 
 At each corner of the houfe is a cupola furmounted 
 \vhh a lanthorn. 
 
 This ftately ftrudlure was begun in the year 1722, 
 and finifhed in 1735, during which interval, the 
 founder continued prime mmifter of ftate. 
 
 In the houfe, you enter firft the great hall, a cube 
 of 40 feet, which, bad as the proportion is, is certain- 
 ly a very noble room ; yet one would imagine the 
 architect purpofed to deftroy the effeft of fo large a 
 one, by flicking three quarters around it what is cal- 
 led a gallery: It is a balcony puflied out. in defiance 
 of all ideas of grace, elegance, or proportion. Op- 
 pofite the chimney is an exceeding fine caft of the 
 Laocoon. From the hall you enter the falcon ; 
 which but for height, wculd be one of the fineft rooms 
 in the world ; it is 40 by 30, and 40 feet high, 
 which is exceffively out of proportion. To the left 
 you turn into a drawing-room, 30 by 21, hung with 
 a yellow damafk. Out of that into the blue damafk 
 bed-chamber, 22 \ by 2 i ; then into a very fmall 
 drefling room, and next a fm all clofet, out of which 
 you enter the library, 22 \ by 2 i , which leads to the 
 dining parlour, 30 by 21. and that opens into the 
 hall; fo one fide af the houfe is taken up with the 
 foregoing apartments. The other fide of the faloon 
 is another drawing-room, called the C. Maratt room, 
 from having been covered with piclures by that maf- 
 ter, 30 by 21 ; out of which you enter the green vel- 
 vet bed-chamber, then a drefling-rocm, 2i| by iS, 
 then another bed-chamber the fame fize ; next the 
 cabinet, 22 by 212, which leads into the marble 
 
 parlour,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 17; 
 
 parlour, 30 by 21, and is exceedingly elegant, one 
 fide -being entirely of white marble, and thi.9 con- 
 cludes the right hand fide, opening into the hall. 
 
 Having thus ran through the room, the^ fitting up 
 of which, for instance in doors, door-cafes, windows, 
 cornices, c. is as magnificent as can be conceived, 
 and irt as great a ftile.as any-ftngle room in England. 
 The common approach to the houfe is by the South 
 end door, over which is engraved this infcription. 
 Rob'ertus Walpole 
 
 Has ydes 
 Anno S. MD.CCXXII. 
 
 Inchoavit 
 AnnO' -M D.CCXXXV. 
 
 Perfecit. 
 
 On the right hand you enter a fmall BREAKFAST 
 ROOM, in which there are : i. A piclure of hounds, 
 by Wootton. 2, A concert of birds, by Fiori. 3. The 
 Prodigal Son, Pordenone. 4. A horfe's head, a flcetch, 
 Vandyck. 5. A greyhound's head, Old Wyck. 6. Sir 
 E. Walpole, grandfather to Sir Robert Walpole. 7. 
 Robert Walpole, fon to Sir Edward, and father to Sir 
 Robert Walpole. 8. Horatio Lord Townfhend, father 
 to Charles Lord Vifcount Townftiend. 9. Mr. Ha- 
 rold, gardener to Sir Robert Walpole, a head, Ellis. 
 
 DINING PARLOUR. la which theje are feveral 
 good portraits belonging to Lord Orford's family. 
 
 HUNTING HALL. A hunting-piece. Sir Ro- 
 bert Walpole. is in green, Col. C, Churchill in. the 
 middle, Mr. Thomas Turner on the one fide, by 
 Wootton. Two Dogs. 
 
 S 2 Through
 
 176 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Through the arcade you come at the COFFEE 
 ROOM: 
 
 Returning through the arcade, you afcend the great 
 Hair-cafe, painted in chiaro obfcuro, by Kent. In the 
 middle four Doric pillars rife and fupport a fine caft 
 in bronze of the Gladiator, by John of Boulogne, 
 which was a prefent to Sir Robert, from Thomas Earl 
 of Pembroke. 
 
 The DINING PARLOUR is 30 feet long by 21 
 broad. Over the chimney is fome fine pear-tree carv- 
 ing, by Gibbons, and in the middle of it hangs a por- 
 trait of him, by Sir G. Kneller j it is a mafter-piece, 
 and equal to any of Vandyk. 
 
 King William, an exceeding fine flcetch, by Sir G. 
 Kneller. Mr. Locke, a head. Carreras a Spaniih 
 poet, writing, a half length, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. 
 King George I. 
 
 The LIBRARY ROOM, is 2 i feet by 22!. 
 Over the chimney is a whole length, by Sir Godfrey 
 Kneller, of King George I. in his coronation robes, 
 the only pifture for which he ever fat in England. 
 
 The LITTLE BED-CHAMBERR, isallwainfcot- 
 ted with mahogany, and the bed, which is of painted 
 taffety, flands in an alcove of the fame wcod. 
 
 Over the chimney is a half length, by Dahl, of 
 Catherine Shorter, firft wife of Sir Robert Walpole : 
 This is an extreme good portrait. 
 
 A portrait of Maria Skerret, fecond wife of Sir Ro- 
 bert Walpole, three quarters, by Vanloo. 
 
 The LITTLE DRESSING ROOM. A land- 
 fcape, by Wooton, in the ftile of Claude Lorrain. 
 
 The
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 177 
 
 The BLUE DAMASK BED-CHAMBER, is of 
 the fame dimenfions with the library, and is hung 
 with tapeftry. Three landfcapes over the doors. 
 
 The DRAWING ROOM. Thirty feet by 21, is 
 hung with yellow caffoy. The ceiling is exa&ly 
 taken, except with the alteration of the paternal coat 
 for the liar and garter, from one that was in the din- 
 ing room in the old houfe, built by Sir Edward Wai- 
 pole, grandfather to Sir Robert. 
 
 Over the chimney is a genteel buft of a Madona in 
 marble, by Camillo Rufconi. 
 
 Portraits of feveral of Sir Robert Walpole's chil- 
 dren. 
 
 The SALOON is 40 feet long by 40 high, and 30 
 feet wide; the hanging is crimfon flowered velvet, the 
 ceiling painted by Kent, who defigned all the orna- 
 ments throughout the houfe. The chimney-piece 
 is of black and gold marble, of which alfo are the ta- 
 bles. In the broken pediment of the chimney ftands 
 3 fin all antique buft f a Venus, and over the garden 
 door is a larger antique buft. 
 
 Oa the great table is an exceeding fine bronze of a 
 man and woman. 
 
 The CARLO MARATT ROOM, is 3 q feet by 
 
 21 ; the hangings are green velvet, the table Lapis 
 Lazuli ; at each end are two fconces of maffive filver. 
 
 The VELVET BED-CHAMBER, is 21 1 feet by 
 
 22 f, The bed is of green velvet, richly embroider- 
 ed and laced with gold, the ornaments defigned by 
 Kent ; the hangings are tapeftry, reprefenting the 
 loves of Venus a^id Adonis, after Albano. 
 
 Alexander adorning -the tomb-of Achilles, by Ls 
 Mer. S 3 A
 
 1)8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 A fea-port, by old Griffier. 
 
 A landfcape over the door, Ditto. 
 
 The DRESSING ROOM, is hung with very fine 
 golti tapeftry, after pictures of Vandyck. There are 
 whole length portraits of James I. Queen Anne his 
 wife, daughter to Frederick II. Kiug of Denmark, 
 Charles I. and his Queen, and Chriftian IV. King 
 of Denmark, brother to Queen Anne ; they have 
 fine borders of boys and feftoons, and oval pictures of 
 the children of the Royal Family. At the upper end 
 of this room is a g]afs-cafe filled with a large quantity 
 of lilver philegree, which belonged to Catherine Lady 
 Walpole, 
 
 Over the chimney, the confulting the Sibilline 
 Oracles, Le Mer. 
 
 Over the doors, dogs and ftill life, by Jervafe. 
 
 The EMBROIDERED BED-CHAMBER. Th* 
 bed is of the fineft Indian needle-wojk. His Royal 
 Highnefs Francis Duke of LorPain, afterwards grand 
 Duke of Tufcany, and fince Emperor, lay in this bed, 
 which ftood then where the velvet one is now, when 
 he came to vifit Sir Robert WaJpole, at Houghton. 
 The hangings are tapeftry. 
 
 Over the doors, two pieces of cattle, by Rofa di 
 Tivoli. 
 
 The CABINET, is 21! feet by 22^ hung with 
 green velvet. 
 
 The MARBLE PARLOUR. One entire fide of 
 this room is marble, with alcoves for fid e- boards, fup- 
 ported with columns of Plymouth marble. Over the 
 
 chimney;
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 179 
 
 chimney is a fine piece of alto-relievo in ftatuary 
 marble, after the antique, byRyflbrack, and before 
 one of the tables, a large granite ciftern. 
 
 Sir Thomas Wharton, whole length, Vandyck. 
 
 Two fruit pieces, Michael Angelo Campidoglio. 
 
 The Afcenfion, Paul Veronefe. 
 
 ' The HALL, is a cube of forty feet, with a ftone 
 gallery round three fides ; the ceiling and the frieze of 
 boys are by Altari. The bafs reliefs over the chim- 
 neys and the doors are from the antique. 
 
 The figures over the great door, and the boys over 
 the leiTer doors, are by Ry (brack. In the frieze art 
 bafs reliefs of Sir Robert Waipole, and Catherine 
 his firft Lady, and Robert Lord Waipole, their eldeft 
 fon, and Margaret Rolle, his wife* From the ceiling 
 hangs a French luilre. 
 
 Over the chimney is a buft of Sir Robert Walpole s 
 Earl of Orford, by Ryfbrack. 
 
 Before a nich, over againft the chimney, is the 
 Laocoon, a fine caft in bronze, by Girardon, bought by 
 Lord Waipole at Paris, and for which the Emprefs of 
 Ruffia offered the late Earl of Orford, jooal. 
 
 On the tables; the Tiber and the Nile in bronze, 
 from the antiques in the Capitol at Rome. 
 
 Two vafes in bronze, from the antiques in the vil- 
 las of Medici and Borghefe at Rome. 
 
 The buft of a woman a mo ft beautiful antique. 
 The buft of a Roman Emprefs, antique. 
 On terms and confoles round the hall, are the fol- 
 lowing bufts and heads : 
 
 Mareui
 
 iSo THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Marcus Aurelms, antique. Trajan, ditto. 
 Septimus Severus, ditto. Commodus, ditto. Thefe 
 two were given ro Gen. Churchill, by Cardinal Alex. 
 Albani, and by him to Sir Robert Walpole. 
 A young Hercules, antique. Hefiod, modern. 
 Baccio Bandanelli, by himfelf. Homer, modern. 
 Fauftina Senior, antique. Jupiter, ditto. 
 A young Commodus, ditto. A Philofopher, ditto. 
 Hadrian, ditto. Pollux, ditto. 
 Going from the faloon, down the great fteps, 
 through the garden, you enter a porch adorned witk 
 bufts of 
 
 Rome, by Camillo Rufconi. Minerva ditto. 
 Antinous, ditto. A Philofopher's head, antique. 
 Apollo Belvidere, ditto. Julia Pia-Severi, ditto. 
 Out of this you go into a veftibule, round which in 
 the niches, are fix vafes of Volterra alabafter. Thii 
 leads into the GALLERY, which is 73 feet long, by 
 21 feet high; th<e middle rifes eight feet higher, with 
 windows all round > the ceiling is a defrgn of Serlio''s 
 in the inner library of St. Mark's at Venice, and was 
 brought from thence by Mr. Horace Walpole, jun. 
 the frieze is ta-ken from the Sybils Temple at Tivoli. 
 There are two chimnies, and the whole room is hung 
 with Norwich damafk. It was intended originally for 
 a green -houfe; but on Sir Robert Walpola's refign- 
 ing his employments, on the pth of February, 1742, 
 it was fitted up for his pictures, which had hung in 
 the houfe in Downing- flreet. 
 
 The late Emperor of Germany, when Duke of 
 Lorrain, being in England, was entertained at Hough- 
 ton,.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. r8* 
 
 ton, with the moft magnificent repaft that was perhapi 
 ever given in England, though there was not a fingle 
 foreign difli in the whole entertainment, relays of hor- 
 fes being provided on the roads, to bring rarities 
 from the moft remote parts of the kingdom. 
 
 The capital paintings which formerly ornamented 
 this magnificent houle, and which unqueftionably 
 formed the firft collection in the kingdom, next to the 
 King's, we are lorry to obferve, were purchafed by 
 the Emprefs of Ruffia, in 1779, for 45, 500!. 
 
 The late Lord Orford gave Mr. Boydell permiflion 
 to take drawings of the principal pictures, which v/as 
 executed by Mr. Farrington, jun. and engraved by the 
 bed matters on 140 plates ; and there being fome- 
 times two feparate prints upon one plate, the pidures 
 copied are about 200. This magnificent work was 
 publifhed in 14 numbers, at two guineas each. The 
 prints in metzotinto, by Mr. Earlom, are entitled to 
 a high degree of praife. A print from the fineft paint- 
 ing in this collection, the Doctors of the church, con- 
 fulting on the immaculater.efs of the Virgin, was en- 
 graved by Mr. William Sharp. 
 
 As it would be ufelefs now to give fo full a defcrip- 
 tion of thefe pictures as appeared in the former edi- 
 tions of the Norfolk Tour, we fhall fubjoin a cata- 
 logue only, affixing the price paid for each. 
 
 A CATALOGUE OF THE HOUGHTON COL- 
 LECTION OF PICTURES, SOLD TO THE 
 
 EMPRESS OF RUSSIA. 
 
 A horfe's head, a fine fketch, Vandyk, and, a 
 greyhound's, Old Wyck, 50!.
 
 i8i THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The battle of Conftantine and Maxentius, a copy, 
 by Julio Romano, of the famous piclare, by Raphael, 
 In the Vatican, 150!. 
 
 Sufannah and the two elders, Rubens, 150!. 
 
 A landlcape, with figures dancing, Swanivelt, 30!. 
 
 Jupiter and Europa, after Guido, Petro da Pietris, 
 4 ol. 
 
 Galatea, Zimeni, 40!. 
 
 A ftud of horfes, Wovermans, 250!. 
 
 Venus bathing;, and cupids vyith a car, in a land- 
 fcape, Andrea Sacchi, i8ol. 
 
 A holy family, Raphael da Reggio, 70!. 
 
 A fine picture of a'rehitt&urt:, in perfjieclive, Steen* 
 wyck, 8ol. 
 
 A cook's mop, Teniers, 8ool 
 
 Another cook's-fhop, Martin de Vbs, who wa< 
 Snyders' m after, 200!. 
 
 A bacchanalian, Rubens, .250!. 
 
 The Nativity, Carlo Cignani, 250!. 
 
 Sir Thomas Chaloner, Vandyk, 200!. 
 
 Sir Thomas Grefham, Antonio More, 40!. 
 
 Erafmus, Holbein, 40!. 
 
 A friar's head, Rubens, 40!. 
 
 Francis Halls, Sir Godfrey Kneller's mafter, by 
 himfelf, 40!. 
 
 The School of of Athens, a copy, Le Brun. 250!. 
 
 Rembrant's wife, half length, Rembrant, 300!. 
 
 Rubens' wife, a head, Rubens, 6ol. 
 
 A man's head, Salvator Rofa, 40!. 
 
 Jnigo Jones, a head, Vandyk, 40!. 
 
 Two pieces of ruins, Viviano, 40!. 
 
 Two daughters of Lord Wharton, Vandyk, 200!. 
 
 Tho
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR.- 183 
 
 The Judgment of . Paris, Luca Jordano, a fleep- 
 ing Bacchus, with nymphs, boys and animals, it's 
 companion, 500!. 
 
 King Charles the Firft, whole length, Vandyk ; 
 Henrietta Maria of France, his oueen, by Ditto. 400!. 
 
 Philip Lord Wharton, Vandyk, 200!. 
 
 Lord Chief . Baron Wandsford, Ditto, 150!. 
 
 Lady Wharton, Ditto, icol. 
 
 Jane, daughter, of .Lord Wenman, Ditto, iooL 
 
 Chrift baptized by Sr. John, Albano, 700!. 
 
 The ftoning of.St. Stephen, Le Soeur, 500!. 
 
 The Holy Family, Vandyk, idooL 
 
 Mary Magdalen warning Chrift' s feet, Rubens, 
 1600!. 
 
 The Holy Family, in a round, Cantarini, 300!. 
 
 The Holy Family, Titian, lool. 
 
 Simeon and the child, Guido, i jol. 
 
 The Virgin with the child afleep in her arms, Au- 
 guftin Carracci, 200!. 
 
 An old woman. giving a boy cherries, Titian, iooL 
 
 The Holy Family, Aadrea ; del Sarto, 250!. 
 
 The aflumption of the Virgin, Morellio, 700!. 
 
 The adoration of the Shepherds. It's companion, 
 <6ool. 
 
 The Cyclops at their forge, L. Jordano, 200!. 
 
 Daedalus and Icarus, Le Brun, 150!. 
 
 Pope Clement the Ninth, Carlo Maratti, 250!. 
 
 The Judgmeat of Paris, Carlo Maratti ; Galatea 
 fitting with Acts,, tritons and cupids., it's companion, 
 500!. 
 
 The Holy Family, an unfinished pidlure, Carlo 
 Maratti, Sol,.
 
 184 'THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The Virgin teaching Jefus to read, Carlo Maratti., 
 200!. 
 
 St. Caecilia, with four angels playing on mulical in- 
 ftruments, companions to the former, 260!, 
 
 The affumption of the Virgin, C. Maratti, Tool. 
 
 The Virgin and Jofeph, with a young Jefus, by Carlo 
 Maratti, in the manner of his matter. Andrea Sacchi, 
 150!. 
 
 The marriage of St. Catherine, Carlo Maratti, 
 lool. 
 
 Two Saints worfhipping the Virgin in the clouds, 
 Carlo Maratti, 6ol. 
 
 St. John the Evangelift, it's companion, 6ol. 
 
 A naked Venus and Cupid, C. Maratti, i <;ol. 
 
 The Holy Family, Nicholo Beritoni, Carlo's beft 
 fcholar, 200!. 
 
 The aflumption of the Virgin, ditto, 80]. 
 
 The pool of Bethefda, Giufeppe Chiari ; Chrift's 
 fermon on the Mount, Ditto ; Apollo and Daphne, 
 Ditto.; Bacchus and Ariadne, Ditto, 450!. 
 
 Apollo, in crayons, Rofalba ; Diana, it's compa- 
 nion, 8oL 
 
 A profile head of a man, Raphael, lool. 
 
 A profile head of St. Catherine, by Guido, 20!. 
 
 The birth of the Virgin, Luca Jordano ; and the 
 j>refervation of the Virgin, it's companion, 6ol. 
 
 The flight into Egypt, Morellio, 300!. 
 
 The crucifixion, it's companion, 150!. 
 
 Hercules and Omphale, Romanelli, lool. 
 
 The Holy Family, large as life, Nicholo Pouflin, 
 Sool. 
 
 Rubens' wife, Vandyk 4 6ool. 
 
 Rubens'
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 185 
 
 Rubens' family, Jordano, of Antwerp, 400!. 
 
 A winter-piece, Giacomo Baflan ; and a fummer- 
 piece, by Leonardo Baflan, zool. 
 
 Boors at cards, Teniers, 150!. 
 
 Chrift appearing to Mary in the garden, Pietro da 
 Cortona, 200!. 
 
 The Judgment of Paris, Audrea Schiavene ; and 
 Midas judging between Pan and Apollo, by Do. 6ol. 
 
 Chrift laid in the fepulchre, Parmegiano, ijoJ. 
 
 The adoration of the Magi, V. Brueghel, lool. 
 
 The Vrgin and the child, Baroccio, 50!. 
 
 Naked Venus fleeping, Annibal Caracci, 70!. 
 
 Head of Dobfon's father, Dobfon, 25!. 
 
 St. John, a head, Carlo Dolci, 90!. 
 
 Head of Innocent the Tenth, Velafco, 6ol. 
 
 A boy's head, with a lute, Cavalier Luti, 20!. 
 
 Friars giving meat to the poor, John Miel. Its 
 companion, 150!. 
 
 A dying officer at confeffion, Bourgognone, lool. 
 
 Its companion, 50!. 
 
 Boors at cards, Teniers, 50!. 
 
 Boors drinking ; its companion, Oftade, 30!. 
 
 Chrift laid in the Sepulchre, G. Baffan, 40!. 
 
 Holy Family, with St. John on a lamb, Williberts, 
 40!. 
 
 Holy Family, Rottenhamer, 40!. 
 
 The Virgin and child, Alex. Veronefe, 40!. 
 
 Three foldiers, Salvator Rofa, 50!. 
 
 The Virgin, with the child in her arms, Morellio, 
 Sol. 
 
 The Virgin, with the child in her arms aileep, 
 Scbaftian Concha, zol. 
 
 T
 
 186 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Edward the Sixth, Holbein, lool. 
 Laban, fearching for his images, Sebaflian Bour- 
 don, 2 col 
 
 The banqueting houfe ceiling, the original delign 
 of Rubens, iQp^l, 
 
 Six fketches of Rubens for triumphal arches, &c. 
 on the entry of the Infant Ferdinand of Auftria into 
 Antwerp, 6ool. 
 
 Bathflieba bringing Abifhag to David, Vander- 
 werfe, /ool. 
 
 Two flower pieces, Van Huyfum, 1200!. 
 Chriil and Mary in the Garden, P. Laura, lool. 
 The Holy Family, John Bellino, 6ol. 
 A landfcape, with figures, Lourgognone. Its com- 
 panion, with foldiers, tool. 
 
 Two fmall landfcapes, Gafper P.ouffin, 40!. 
 The Holy Family, Matteo Ponzoni, ifiol. 
 The murder of the innocents, S. Bourdon, 400!. 
 The death of Jofeph, Velafco, 200!. 
 Saint Chriftopher, Eliheimer, 50!. 
 Henry Danvers, Earl of Danby, Vandyk, 200!. 
 The apoftles, afcer the afcenfion, Paul Veronefe, 
 200!. 
 
 The Doftors of the church, confuiting on the im- 
 maculatenefs of the Virgin, who is above in the 
 clouds, Guido, 3.500]. 
 
 The Prodigal fon, Salvator Rofa, i,8ool. 
 Meleager and Atalanta, a cartoon, Rubens, 300!. 
 Four markets, Snyders. One of fowl, another of 
 fifli, another of fruit, and a fourth of herbs, icool. 
 Marcus Curtius leaping into the gulph, Mola, 400!. 
 Horatius Codes defending the bridge. Its com- 
 panion, 400!.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 187 
 
 A Honefs and two lions, Rubens, icol. 
 
 Architecture, faid to be by Jalio Romano, though 
 rather fuppofed by Poly.lore, 300! . 
 
 An old woman fitting in a c^air, Rubens. An old 
 woman reading, by Boll, 200!. 
 
 Cupid burning armour, Eiifabetta Sirani, Guide's 
 favourite fcholar, 6ol. 
 
 The Holy Fnmily, a group of heads, by Camillo 
 Procaccino, ^50!. 
 
 Anufurerandhiswife.by QMi'ntin Matfis,theblack- 
 fmith of Antwerp, 200!. 
 
 Job's friends bringing hirn preferits, Guido, 200! . 
 
 Europa, a fine landscape, Paul Brill, the figures by 
 Dcminichino. Africa, its compar.u.n, ^roJ. 
 
 Dives and Lazarus, Paul Veroneie, lool. 
 
 The expofition of Cyrus, CaftigHone. Its com- 
 panion, 300!. 
 
 The action of the Shepherd, *U Palm a, : 5 ol. 
 
 The li'o'v Family, 1? lito, 200!. 
 
 A i.>; .rr.-Ii^ht lanufc.-.p?, vhh a cart ovrrf.ur.!ug; 
 Rutcr.r, 3 ool. 
 
 A nymph and ftiepherd, Carlo Cio;nan!, 200!. 
 
 Two women, an emblematical pifture, Paris Bour- 
 don, 200!. 
 
 Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar, P. Cortona, icool. 
 
 Abraham's facrifice, Rembrant, 300!. 
 
 The old man and his fons, with the bundle of flicks 1 , 
 Salvator Rofa, 250]. 
 
 The adoration of the fhepherds, octagon, Guido, 
 400!. 
 
 The continence of Scipio, Nicholo Pouflin, 6ool. 
 
 Mofes ftriking the rock, Nicholo Pouffin, 900!. 
 
 T 2 The
 
 188 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The placing Chrift in the fepulchre, Ludovice 
 Caracci, 300!. 
 
 Mofesin the bulrufties, Le Soeur, 150!. 
 
 The adoration of the Magi, C. Maratti, 300!. 
 
 Cows and flieep, Teniers, 150!. 
 
 A landfcnpe, with a cafcade, and flieep, Gafpar 
 Pouflin, tool. 
 
 The laft Supper, Raphael, 500!. 
 
 Solomon's idolatry, Stella, 250!. 
 
 A fea port, Claude LOJ rain. A calm fea by Ditto, 
 izool. 
 
 Two Jandfcapes, Gafpar Pouffin, 250!. 
 
 The Joconda ; a fmith's wife, reckoned the hand- 
 fomeft woman of her time. She was miftrefs to Fran- 
 cis I. King of France, by Lionardo da Vinci, lool. 
 
 Apollo, by Cantarini, 50!. 
 
 The Holy Family, with angels, Val. Caftelli, 200!. 
 
 The eagle and Ganymede, Michael Angelo Buona- 
 rotti, loci. 
 
 The Virgin and child, Dominichino, lool. 
 
 The falutation, Albano, 200!. 
 
 H O L K H A M, 
 
 THE celebrated houfe of the Hon. Thomas William 
 Coke, which may be feen any day of the week, except 
 Sunday, by noblemen and foreigners, but on Tuefday 
 only by other people. It was built by. the late Earl 
 of Leicefter, and cannot be viewed with too much at- 
 tention. The center of this extenfive villa contains 
 the principal or grand apartment, fituated in the 
 
 middle
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 189 
 
 middle of four confiderable wings, that are joined to 
 it by rectilinear corridors. Under the bafement ftory 
 are the cellars. Each wing has its refpedlive deftina- 
 tion ; one is allotted to the ufes of the kitchen, and 
 all its offices, a fervants hall, and fome lodging rooms : 
 Another is the chapel wing ; and therein are the 
 dairy, wafh-houfe, laundry, and fome lodging rooms. 
 At oppofite angles on the weftern quarter, are fituated 
 the two other wings. One of thefe contains a com- 
 plete family apartment. The other is wholly calcu- 
 lated to accommodate company, and called the firan- 
 gers wing. 
 
 The houfe may be faid to cbnfift of five qua- 
 drangles, the center and the four wings; not that 
 they are fquares, but we ufe the term to give a gene- 
 ral idea. Each of the two fronts thereof prefent a 
 center and two wings. That to the South, and the 
 grand approach, is as beautiful, light, airy, and ele- 
 gant a building as can be viewed. The gilding of the 
 window frames and fames of this front, done in 1777, 
 by the prefent Mr. Coke, gives it a magnificent ap- 
 pearance. The portico is in a fine taite, and the Co- 
 rinthian pillars beautifully proportioned. This cen- 
 tral front, in every refpeft that can be named* ap- 
 pears all lightnefs, elegance, and proportion : But 
 when you advance near, you find no entrance to the 
 houfe ; there are no flairs up to the portico ; and this 
 circumihmce, after fo fine an approach, and fo long 
 feeing the portico, and expecling it to be the entrance, 
 becomes a difappointment, and is a fault in the build- 
 ing. 
 
 T 3. We
 
 190 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 We have fpoken hitherto of the central front alone. 
 The whole including the two wings, we cannot think 
 fo perfeft ; for there appears a great want of unity. 
 The feveral parts are not fo nicely connected as ta 
 form one whole. The center muft be feen diftindl, 
 each wing the fame ; and likewife the fmall parts, 
 which join the center to the wings. Thefe are all dif- 
 tindl parts though joined together ; nor is there any 
 fimilitude of tafte between the center and the wings; 
 all the pieces of this front are light and elegant to a 
 great degree : But when confidered as the connected 
 parts of one whole, the want of unity is linking. The 
 center is uniform, and if we may be allowed the ex- 
 preflion, elegantly magnificent. No building can 
 deferve thefe epithets more than this ; but they can- 
 not be applied to the whole front, becaufe the parts 
 are not of an uniform tafte, and the wings are at belt 
 but light and elegant ; they have nothing magnificent 
 in them : As to the joining pieces they are pretty. The 
 North front confifts of one row of Venetian windows, 
 over another of common fames in the nifties. This 
 front is not fo pleafmg as the South one, but it is by 
 far more of a piece with the wing 5 , &c. 
 
 After venturing thefe criticifms upon the fronts of 
 Hi'lkham, common candour obliges us to acknow- 
 ledge, that the inlide of the houfe, in point of contri- 
 vance, is far preferable to any other we have ever 
 feen ; fo admirably a^ap ed to the Englifh way of 
 living, and fo ready to be applied to the grand, or the 
 comfortable ftile of life, that convenience feems to 
 have had the firft place in Lord Leicefter's mind, when 
 he adopted the prefent plan ; the general ideas of 
 
 which
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 191 
 
 which were firft ftruck out by himfelf and the Earl of 
 Burlington, affifted by Mr. Kent, and the defigns of 
 Palladio and Inigo Jones. Mr. Brettingham, of Nor- 
 wich, fuperintended the building. 
 
 You enter what they call the *great hall, but what 
 is in reality a paflage. It is called a cube of 48 feet ; 
 but 18 very large and magnificent Corinthian pillars 
 having their pedeftals refted on a marble paflage 
 around it, and eight or ten feet high from the ground, 
 the area at the bottom is but an oblong paflage, wal- 
 led, in with Derbyshire marble, and upon that wall are 
 the pillars, fix in a line on each fide, and fix in front 
 in a femi-circle around a flight of fteps up to the fa- 
 loon door. The paflage or gallery as it may be cal- 
 led, runs around thefe pillars,, and both together take 
 up fo much room, that all fort of proportion is loft ; to 
 look from it into the area, it appears exaftly like a 
 bath. The South front was one proof, and this hall 
 is another, that the architect's genius was not of the 
 magnificent or fublime ftamp ; for in both he aimed 
 at greatnefs : The impreflion of the front is varied 
 and confequently weakened by the wings ; and the 
 want of proportion in the hall, ruins the vail effect 
 which would otherwife attend the magnificence of fuch 
 pillars fo nobly arranged : but in the elegant, the 
 plcafing, the agreeable, his tafte has never failed 
 
 throughout 
 
 * The idea of this Hall was formed from the example of a Bafi- 
 lica, or Court of Juftice, by Palladio, and exhibited in his defigns 
 for Barbara's tranflation of Vitruvius. The meafures for the pil- 
 lars are taken from Degodetz's defigns in the Tempk of Fortun* 
 Virilis, at Rome. .
 
 192 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 throughout the whole building. The hall is entirely 
 of Derby (hire marble. 
 
 The falodn is 42 feet by 27, a proportion much cdri- 
 demned, but it is by no means difpleafing. Some 
 call it a gallery ; and perhaps a gallery is infinitely 
 preferable to a cube, or to any proportion near a 
 fquare enormoufly high. One of the fineft rooms in 
 England, is the double cube at Wilton, which is more 
 of a gallery than the faloon at Holkham, and yet no 
 one ever entered it without being ftrnck with the juft- 
 nefs of the proportions. This faloon is hung with 
 crimfon caffoyj the pier-glafles fmall on account of the 
 narrownefs of the piers, each againft a pillar of the 
 portico, but in an elegant tafte. The rooms to the 
 left of the faloon are, firft, a drawing-room 33 by 22, 
 hung with crimfon cafFoy ; the pier glaffes very large, 
 and exceedingly elegant ; the agate tables beautiful 
 beyond defcription. From thence we entered the 
 landfcape-room, which is a drefling-room to the ftate 
 bed-chamber; 24 by 22, hung with crimfon da- 
 mafk. A paflage-room leads to the anti-room to the 
 chapel, and then into the ftate- gallery. The walls are 
 of Derbymire marble ; the altar and all the decora- 
 tions in a very fine tafte. Returning to the landfcape- 
 room, you pafs into the ftate bed chamber, 30 by 24, 
 which is fitted up in a mofl elegant tafte. It is hung 
 with French tapeftry, except between the piers, which. 
 is by Mr. Saunders of Soho-fquare ; the colours of the 
 whole exceedingly brilliant. The bed is a cut velvet, 
 upon a white fattin ground, and as it appears in 
 common is a very handfome gilt fettee, under a ca- 
 nopy of ftate : The defign. of the beii is equal to any 
 
 thing
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 193 
 
 thing in England. The chimney-piece remarkably 
 beautiful j pelicans in white marble. The next 
 apartment is Mrs. Coke's, confifting of a bed-cham- 
 ber, dreffing-room, clofet with books, and a fmailer 
 one ; the bed-chamber 24 by 22, purple damafk, 
 French chairs of ChifTel-ftreet velvet tapeftry ; the 
 chimney-piece a baflb relievo of white marble finely 
 polimed. The drefling-room, 28 by 24, hung with 
 blue damafk. So much for the fuite of rooms to the 
 left of the hall and faloon. 
 
 On the other fide you enter from the latter, ano- 
 ther drawing-room, 33 by 22 hung with a crimfon 
 flowered velvet. The glafTes, tables, and chimney- 
 pieces are well worth your attention. From this 
 you enter the * ftatue gallery ; which is without 
 exception the moft beautiful room we ever beheld j 
 the dimenfions are to the eye proportion itfelf; no- 
 thing offends the molt criticifing. It confifts of a mid- 
 dle part, 70 feet by 22, and at each end an octagon 
 of 22, open to the center by an arch ; in one are 
 compartments with books, and in the other ftatues : 
 thofe in the principal part of the gallery Hand in 
 niches in the wall, along one fide of the room, on 
 each fide the chimney-piece. Obferve in particular 
 the Diana, the figure is extremely fine, and the arms 
 inimitably turned j the Venus in wet drapery is like- 
 wife exquifite ; nothing can exceed the manner in 
 
 which 
 
 
 
 * This bears a near analogy to that in the Eail of Burlington's 
 elegant Villa at Chii'wick, which was evidently taken, tho' with 
 fome variation, from the Marchefe Capri's, built by Andrea Pal- 
 ladio, near the town of Vicenza, in Italy.
 
 194 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 which the form of the limbs is feen through the cloath- 
 ing. The flabs are very fine ; the ceiling the only 
 plain one in the houfe, the reft being all gilt fret- 
 work and mofaic. 
 
 The entrance we have already mentioned from the 
 drawing-room is into one oftagon, and out of the 
 other opens the door into the dining-room, a cube of 
 28 feet, with a large recefs for the fide-board, and 
 two chimney-pieces exceedingly elegant ; one a fow 
 and pigs and wolf, the other a bear and bee-hives, 
 finely done in v/hite marble ; the nole of the fow was 
 broke off" by a too common mifapplication of fenfe, 
 feeling inftead of feeing. Returning into the ftatue 
 gallery, one oftagon leads into the ftranger's wing, 
 and the other to the late Earl's ap irtmeat : con- 
 fifting of, I. The anti-room. 2. Hi.-. Lordfhip's 
 drefling-room. 3. The library, 50 by 2f, and ex- 
 ceedingly elegant. 4. Mrs. Coke's drefling-room. 
 5. The bed-chamber. 6. A clofet with books. The 
 rooms are about 22 by 20. The ftrangers wing con- 
 fifts of an anti-chamber---drefiing-rcom- --bed-cham- 
 ber --- clofet with books bed-chamber --- drefling- 
 room bed-chamber drefling-room. The fitting 
 up of the houfe in all particulars not mentioned, is 
 in the moft elegant tafte ; the Venetian windows 
 beautiful, ornamented with magnificent pillars, and 
 a profusion of gilding. 
 
 But now,^let us come to what of all other circum- 
 ftances is in Hoikham, infinitely the moft ftriking, 
 and what renders it fo particularly fuperior to all the 
 great houfes in the kingdom, convenience. In the firll 
 place, with refpecl: to the ftate apartments. From the 
 
 hall
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 195 
 
 hall to the falcon, on each fide a drawing-room, 
 through one of them to the ftate dreffing-room and 
 bed-chamber : This is perfectly complete. Through 
 the other drawing-room to the ilatue gallery, which 
 may be called the rendezvous room, and connecls a 
 number of apartments together, in an admirable man- 
 ner ; for one odlagon opens into the private wing, 
 and the other into the Grangers on one fide, and into 
 the dining-room on the other. This dining-room is 
 on one fide of the hall, on the other is Mrs. Coke's 
 drefling - room, and through that her bed-chamber 
 and clofets. From the recefs in the dining-room 
 opens a little door on the ftair-cafe, which leads imr 
 mediately to the offices ; and it fhould be obferved, 
 that in the center of the wings, by the center of the 
 houfe, by the faloon door, and behind Mrs. Coke's 
 clofet, are flair-cafes quite unfeen, which communicate 
 with all the rooms', and lead down into the offices. 
 We fay down ; for the hall is the only room feen on 
 the ground floor ; you ftep direftly from a coach into 
 it, without any quarry of winding fteps to wet a lady 
 to the fkin, before fhe gets under cover. From the 
 hall you rife to the faloon or firft floor, and there is 
 no attic. Thus there are four general apartments, 
 which are all diftindt from each other, with no re- 
 ciprocal thoroughfares ; tbe ftate- Mrs. Coke's- 
 the late Earl's- and the ftrangers wing. Thefe 
 feverally open into what may be called common 
 rooms, the hall, ftatue-gallery, and faloon, and all 
 immediately communicate with the dining-room. 
 There may be houfes larger and more magnificent, 
 
 but
 
 196 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 hut human genius can never contrive any thing more 
 convenient. 
 
 To give a proper idea of the plantations, park, and 
 other objects which environ this mujeum of tafte and 
 elegance ; we fhall enter Holkham parilh by the road 
 leading from Lynn to Wells, where twelve fmall 
 clumps of trees furronnding the triumphal arch, firft 
 catch the attention, and give warning of an ap- 
 proach. Turning into a gate on the left, the road 
 leads under the TRIUMPH AL ARCH. This ftrufture 
 is in a beautiful tafte, and finiftied in an elegant man- 
 ner; it is extremely light, and th white flint ruftics 
 have a fine effect. Croffing the Burnham and Wal- 
 fingham road, a narrow plantation on each fide a 
 broad vifto leads from hence to theobelifk, a mile and 
 a half; this plantation ought to be much broader, for 
 you fee the light through many parts of it ; but it is 
 only a (ketch of what the late Earl defigned, and not 
 meant as complete. At the bottom of the hill, on 
 which the obelifk Hands, are the two porters lodges, 
 fmall, but very neat ftruclures. Rifmg with the hill, 
 you approach the obelifk, through a very fine plan- 
 tation; and nothing can be attended with a better 
 effect, than the viftos opening at once. There are 
 eight. I. To the South part of the hoofe. 2. To 
 Holkham church, on the top of a fteep hill covered 
 with wood ; a mod beautiful object. 3. To the town 
 of Wells, a parcel of fcattered houfes appearing in the 
 wood. 4. To the triumphal arch. 5. Stiffkey hills. 
 The reft to diftant plantations. 
 Viftos are by no means the tafte of the prefent 
 
 age;
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. , 9? 
 
 age ; but fudi a genius as Lord Lekefter might be 
 allowed to deviate from fafhion, in favour of beauty 
 and propriety. Nothing can be more regular than 
 the front of a great houfe, the approach to it ono-h* 
 therefore to partake of this regularity; becaufe- 
 ftraight cuts are out of fafhion, it would be an abfur- 
 dity to take a winding courfe to the houfe door, for 
 the fake of catching objedls aflant, and irregularly : 
 fuch management is to the full in as falfe a tafte, as 
 regular cuts where the houfe is out of the queftion. 
 For inftance, thofe from the temple at Holkham, 
 which, however, command exceedingly beautiful ob- 
 jeds; ,. Wells church. 2. Holkham ftaith. 3. The 
 lake in the park, ,which u.feen from hence through ' 
 fome fpreading trees, in a moft pitfurefque manner 
 a planted hill,. the fea. 4. Hqncle-crondale. 
 
 The objefl moft ftriking on the north fide of the 
 park, is the lake, which extends 1056 yards, in nearly 
 a ftreight line, covering about zo acres, including 
 a fmall ifknd ; the more is a very bold one, all cot 
 vered with wood to a great .height, and on the top 
 ftands the church. The ftables, at the fouth weft 
 extremity of it, are plain, neat and commodious. The 
 pinery and hot T houfeare,equaltomoftin England. The 
 plantations in general are fetched with more tafte than 
 any to be feen : in the number of acres.many exceed 
 them ; but they appear to various points of view, infi- 
 nitely more considerable than they really are. At rf, fi 
 north entrance into the .park they fhow prod igio^ 
 grand ; you look full upon the houfe, with a very ncbie 
 back groundof wood, the,obeliikjuft above the center, 
 nth an extent of plantation on each fide that renders 
 U the
 
 i 9 3 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 the view really magnificent. Nothing can be more 
 beautiful than that from the church ; the houfe ap- 
 pears 5n the midft of an amphitheatre of wood, the 
 plantations rifmg one above another. Another point 
 of view which we would recommend to a traveller's 
 notice, is the vale on the eaft fide of the park. The 
 north plantation ftretches away to the right, with vafl 
 magnificence, the fouth woods to the left, and join- 
 ing in front, form an extent of plantation that has a 
 noble effea. 
 
 The houfe was begun in 1734 by the Earl of 
 Leicefter, but, he dying in 1 759, it was finifhed by the 
 Countefs Dowager of Leicefter, in 1764, who expended 
 more than i o,oool. upon it and the additional furniture. 
 It is built with curious white brick, the center and 
 wings extending 345 feet in length and 180 in 
 depth. 
 
 HOLKHAM CHURCH ftands on a hill north of the 
 town, one mile from the fea, and is a noted fea-mark, 
 commanding an extenfive profpeft on the Britifh 
 ocean : It is dedicated to St. Withburga, and has a 
 nave and two tiles with a chancel, all covered with 
 lead. At the fouth-weft corner of the fouth aile Hands 
 a ftrong *four-fquare tower, embattled, having four 
 bells, the lower part ferves as a porch to the church : 
 the iiorth and fouth ailes extend on each fide of the 
 chancel, and ferve as butrefies againft ftorms from the 
 fea. The eaft end of both thefe ailes were chapels, 
 and are inclofed. The church was thoroughly repair- 
 ed by the Countefs Dowager of Leicefter in 1767, at 
 ^he expence of loool. The pulpit, defks, commu-
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 199 
 
 nion table and rails thereto are mahogany, the font 
 is marble, and every part of the building within and 
 without, is in the neateft tafte. 
 
 PAINTINGS, STATUES, AND BUSTS, 
 
 AT HOLKH AM. 
 GRAND APARTMENT. 
 
 HALL 46 by 70, and 43 feet high, finiflied with 
 fluted alabafter columns, of the Ionic order. 
 
 STATUES in the Niches of the Colonade. Anto- 
 
 nius Santa Sufannah Flora, or the Emprefs 
 
 Sabina Bacchus Venus de Beile Fefie Ju- 
 lia Mammea Faun with the Nacchare An- 
 tique Faun Septimus Severus Ifis, or Prieft- 
 
 efs of Ifis Apollo. 
 
 SALOON. Twenty-eight feet by 40, and 32 feet 
 high. The hangings of this room are of crimfon caf- 
 foy, the column chimney-pieces are Sicilian marble ; 
 and over the center door is a large marble buft of 
 Juno. 
 
 PICTURES in the SALOON. The continence of 
 Scipio Africanus. The profile of the Spanifh Lady, 
 wonderfully graceful and fine. Scipio's, a very bad 
 figure, his countenance without expreffion ; but the 
 difpoution of the group very well imagined. Gieufeppe 
 Cbiari. 
 
 Over the chimney-piece, Tarquin and Lucretia. 
 Procochiano. 
 
 Over the other chimney-piece, Perfeus delivering 
 Andromeda. Andromeda's figure a very good one, 
 and the whole piece well coloured. Gieu/eppe Chiari. 
 
 Coriolanus in the camp of the Volfci. The figure of 
 U 2 'the
 
 200 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 the old man kneeling before Coriolanus, and hiding 
 his face is extremely fine ; but the figure of Coriola- 
 nus himfelf, without dignity, haughtinefs, or aqy 
 great expreflion. The wife leading her two children, 
 and fmiling on them, forms a figure of no expreffion. 
 The'- colouring however, and the back ground are 
 good ; the difpcfrtion indifferent. Pietro Cortona, 
 Two female portraits over the doors. Carlo Ma- 
 ratt. 
 
 Over tfhe other fide doors are two half length figures. 
 Agojiino Syl/a. 
 
 DRAWING ROOM. Thirty by 22, and 22 feet 
 in height. Statuary marble chimney-piece, two mar- 
 ble bufts upoYi the cornice of the chimny-prece ; one 
 of the Emperor Caracalla, the other of Marcus Au- 
 reKus. 
 
 Over the ckimney is the Madona in Gloria. P. de 
 Pietris. 
 
 Two large bird piece?. Itendieooler. 
 A large landfcape. Claude Lcrrain. 
 A ftorm. Nicholi Pote/ia. 
 
 Portrait cxf the Doke of Aremberg on horfeback, 
 very fine. Vandyk. 
 
 Jofeph and Potiphar's wife, a good piece. Carlo 
 Cignafti, 
 
 Four plaifter cafts of heads over the doors, Fauf- 
 tina, Pythagoras, Zeno, and Carneades. 
 Above them are four landfcapes. Horizonli. 
 VESTIBULE to the STATUE GALLERY. An 
 oftagon of 21 feet diameter, and 32 feet high An- 
 tique marble bufts, viz. Adrian Julia Mammea. 
 Julia of Titus -Marcus Aurelius Galienus. 
 Geta.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 201 
 
 STATUE GALLERY including its two large end 
 niches, is in length 60 feet, 21 wide, and 23 in 
 height. 
 
 STATUES and BUSTS in the GALLERY. Two 
 young Fauns A fine buft of the elder Brutus Se- 
 neca, its companion A ftatue of Neptune Ditto 
 
 of the God Faunus Ditto of Meleager. 
 
 A ftatue of the Pythian Apollo, ftands in a nich 
 over the chimney ; a head of Sybele over that. 
 A ftatue of Venus in thin drapery. 
 In a larger nich contiguous, ftands the celebrated 
 figure of Diana. The next is the figure of a Bacchus. 
 A buft of Metrodorus. 
 
 In the fmaller niches, the ftatues of Minerva and 
 Ceres. 
 
 A buft of Cornelius Sylla. 
 Two tables of Alabaftro Peccorella. 
 
 TRIBUNE of the GALLERY. A large ftatue of 
 Lucius Verus, in a Confular habit. 
 A ftatue of Juno. 
 
 Agrippina, the wife of Germanicus, in the cha- 
 Mdler of Ceres. 
 
 Over the doors are two bufts ; one of the elder Em- 
 prefs Fauftina, the other of the Emperor Philip. 
 
 The whole length of the gallery, including the 
 %'efHbule and tribune, is 105 feet. 
 
 GREAT DINING ROOM. A fquare of 27 feet, 
 exclusive of its. fide-board nich, which is g feet by 10, 
 in the clear of the opening. 
 
 Two chimney-pieces of a fTmilarde/ign, compofed 
 of Sicilian jafper trufTes, and ftatuary marble. 
 
 U 3 The
 
 202 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The fide-board, table, frame and legs, are of por- 
 phyry ; the table flab of Egyptian green marble ; be- 
 neath a large bafon of mount Edgecombe red granite. 
 
 Two bufts, one of Geta, the other of Marcus Aure- 
 lius j two large heads above the chimney-pieces. 
 
 STATE BED-CHAMBER APARTMENT. 
 
 THE firft room from the falcon, is the ftate anti- 
 chamber. ,; 
 
 A large picture ; the flight of the Virgin and Jofeph 
 into Egypt. The figures difagreeable, efpecially 
 Mary's, who is a female mountain ; the drawing ap- 
 pears to be bad, Rubens. 
 
 A naked Venus ; the colouring gone off/hard and 
 difagreeable. Titian. 
 
 A landfcape. Nicolo Poujfin. 
 
 Over the chimney the reconciliation between Ja- 
 cob and Efau ; dark and difagreeable. Pietro Cortona. 
 
 Lot and his two daughters, dark and difagreeable. 
 Domini chino. 
 
 A landfcape. Nicola Poujfin. 
 
 Jofeph and his miftrefs ; not in Guide's bright and 
 glowing manner ; the colouring hard and difagree- 
 able. Gui do. 
 
 Over the four doors, portraits of Sir Lionel Tal- 
 marlh, and the Poet Waller. Sir Peter Lely. 
 
 A Pope. Pcmeranico. 
 
 A Venetian lady ; colours gone. Titian. 
 
 Two marble bufts ; one is of the veftal Virgin, the 
 ether of the younger Emprefs Fauftina. 
 
 STATE DRESSING ROOM. A cube of 21 feet. 
 A landfcape over the chimney, Claude Lorrain. 
 
 Above
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 203 
 
 Above, St. John the Baptift preaching. Luca 
 Giordano. 
 
 On each fide of Jt a landfcape. Horizonte. 
 
 Below them two. Gafper Poujfin. 
 A landfcape, Abraham preparing to facrifice his fon 
 Ifaac, rather in a dark ftile. Dominicbino. 
 
 A rock, very fine. Safoator Rofa. 
 
 The pendents that hang On each fide. Lucatelli. 
 
 A landfcape, St. John baptifing our Saviour. F. 
 Bologne/e. 
 
 A landfcape, it's companion ; fine. Gafper PcuJJin. 
 
 A landfcape, figures and cattle. Claude Lorrain. 
 
 Above it, one. Claude, 
 
 The pendents ; one a fea piece, the other a land- 
 fcape ; both exceeding fine. Fernet. 
 
 The pair of landfcapes below the above. Claude 
 iorrain. 
 
 The pendents below two pidures. Ditto. 
 In thefe landfcapes, Claude's elegant genius jhines with 
 uncommon lujfre. 
 
 STATE BED - CHAMBER. 20 by 30, and 17 
 feet high. Tapeftry hangings ; Europe, Afia, Africa, 
 and America. 
 
 The four Seafons over the doors. Zuc*relli. 
 
 A flowered Genoa velvet bed of three colours. 
 
 Over the chimney, Jupiter, careffing Juno ; the 
 colouring bad, her neck and face the beft. Gavin 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Medallion of Julius Caefar. 
 
 STATE BED-CHAMBER CLOSET. Polyphe- 
 mus and Galatea. Jtnnibal Caracci. 
 
 Piece of macaws and parrots. Rubens & Snyden. 
 
 Two
 
 204 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Two flower pieces over doors. Fit. Lauri & M. 
 Angela. 
 
 A fmall Holy Family. Albano. 
 
 Two altar pieces. Sebajlian Co/tea. 
 
 The portrait of a woman. Leonardo da Vinci. 
 
 A fmall portrait, in water colours, of Lord Chief 
 Juftice Coke. Cornelius Janfen. 
 
 Four landfcapes in water colours, viz. 
 
 A copy of his Majefty's C Lorrain. 
 
 Ditto of a landfcape, from N. Pouffin. Goupy. 
 
 A copy of a landfcape from Rubens. Goupy. 
 
 Ditto from N. Pouffin. Ditto. 
 
 A view of Vignola's palace at Capraola. G. Oc- 
 thiali. 
 
 A view of Rome from the banks of the Tiber. Do. 
 
 The marriage of Pfyche. Ignatius. 
 
 Continence of Scipio. 
 
 Two landfcapes. Fillipo Lauri. 
 
 A Saint beftowing the benediction. Carlo Marat \ 
 
 Bringing the Sick to a Saint preaching. Andrea 
 Mantegna. 
 
 Sketch of the Salutation. C. Marat t. 
 
 Two landfcapes in bifter. Claude Lorrain. 
 
 A waterfall. G Pouffin. 
 
 Nativity of the Virgin. Di Rojfi. 
 
 A battle piece. Bourgcgnone. 
 
 Nativity of the Virgin. Frederico Barocci. 
 
 Landfcape. Salvator Rofa. 
 
 Sketch of two figures. P. Coravagio. 
 
 Sketch for an altar piece. Giro Ferri. 
 
 A naked woman, Gieujeppe a ' Arpino. 
 
 CLOSET 

 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 205 
 
 CLOSET to State. Beds-chamber. The Madona 
 and young Chrift ; drawing and colouring very fine. 
 Raphael. But quere to the connifTenrs in originality. 
 
 A large landfcape. Bartolomeo- 
 
 Two perfpeftive views; the Doge's palace; the 
 procnratia Nuova, the Mint, the Jefuit's college, and 
 the church of the Salute. Gafparo &cchiali. 
 
 Over agaiaft it y the bridge and caftle of St. An- 
 gelo. Ditto. 
 
 Cincrnatua at the plough.. Luigi Gafzi. 
 
 Front view of St. Peter's church-. Oethiali. 
 
 A view of the Colloflfam, and arch of Conftantin*. 
 G. Ocfbialr. 
 
 Judith with the head of Holofernes. Carle. 
 Marait. 
 
 A view of the Rialto at Venice. Cantletti. 
 
 Palace Cornaro. Ditto. 
 
 A portrait of Rubens' daughter. Ruietts. 
 
 NORTH State Bed-chamber. A cube of zr feet 
 hung with tapeflry. 
 
 Mofeic table flab. 
 
 The chimney-piece. Fior Je ftrfica. 
 
 Over the chimney, a pidare of a mufician. Mela. 
 
 Under it afe two fmall paintings of fowls and fifh. 
 
 A whole length portrait of the Earl of Leicefter, in 
 the robes of the order of the Bath. Richard/on. 
 
 DRESSING - ROOM to the North State Bed- 
 chamber. Twenty-feven by 17, and 20 feet high. 
 
 A whole length of Mrs. Newton, the Earl's grand- 
 mother. 
 
 Numa
 
 206 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Numa Pompilius giving laws to Rome. Procaccini. 
 
 A Cupid. Guido Reni. 
 
 Head of an Evangelift. Ditto. 
 
 The adoration of the Magi. Cavalier Calalrefe. 
 
 The Virgin Mary reading. Carlo Maratt. 
 
 Youth and old age, two pieces ; the old man very 
 fine. Lanfranco. 
 
 Woman in a cave ; more pleafing than any piece 
 in this collection. The face very expreflive, extreme- 
 ly delicate, finely turned, and the drapery exquifite, 
 difplaying the roundnefs of the limbs through it in 
 the happieft tafte. Parmegiano. 
 
 Mary Magdalen anointing the feet of Chrift. P. 
 Veronej'e. 
 
 Apollo and Daphne. Carlo Maratt, 
 
 Chrifl fallen under the Crofs. Giacomo BaJ/ano. 
 
 The Virgin, young Chrift, St. John and Jofeph. 
 An old copy after Raphael. 
 
 Fruits and flowers, a fountain and a macaw. Hon- 
 diccoier. 
 
 The deluge. Carhndrucci. 
 
 A landfcape. Anibal Caracci. 
 
 Small landfcape and figures, a repofe. C. Lorrain. 
 
 St. George, Santa Saba, and the dragon. Studio. 
 
 Full length of Lady Leicefler, and her fon Lord 
 Coke. Ricbardjon. 
 
 A drapery figure of an Ifis. 
 
 CHAPEL. Sixty-three by 18, and 27 feet high. 
 The aflumption of the Virgin. Guido Reni. 
 
 Santa Cecilia, and St. Anne ; the colouring very 
 fine, the attitudes admirable, and the drapery grace- 
 ful. Cypriani. 
 
 Abraham,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 207 
 
 Abraham, Hagar, and Ifmael. Andrea Saccbi. 
 
 The Angel appearing to Jofeph in a dream, dark 
 ftile. Lanfranc. 
 
 Rebecca at the well, and the fervant of Jacob. Luti. 
 
 Over the chimney-piece St. Mary Magdalen and 
 an Angel. Carlo Maratt. 
 
 FAMILY WING. 
 
 ANTI-ROOM. Eighteen feet fquare by 16, the 
 height of this floor. 
 
 On the chimney-piece, of purple and white Car- 
 rara marble, {lands the Egyptian God Canopus. 
 
 Two heads in marble j one of Alexander, the 
 other of Homer. 
 
 A plaifter caft of Cupid and Pfyche, 
 Above the chimney is a portrait of John Coke, Efq. 
 Over the door, a head unknown. 
 A whole length of the Dutchefs of Richmond. 
 Kneller. 
 
 A head of Lady Anne Tufton, Counted of Salif- 
 bury. 
 
 A whole length of Lady Anne Walpole. Kneller. 
 A whole length of Lady Dover. Ditto. 
 Oval portrait of Mrs. Coke, Mother of the Earl of 
 Leicester. 
 
 A whole length of Mrs. Henningham. Kneller. 
 DRESSING-ROOM. Twenty-four feet by 18. A 
 whole length of Edward Coke, Elq. Father to the 
 Earl of Leicefter. Kneller. 
 
 Mrs. Gary Newton, Mother to the Earl of Leicef- 
 ter, whole length. DitiO. 
 
 Oval portrait of Lord Clifford, over the door.
 
 2oS THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Above, is a head of Mr. Henningham. 
 
 Underneath, Lady Mary Henningham, his wife. 
 
 Below, Dorothy Walpole, Lady Townihend. Jarvis. 
 
 Over the chimney is -Catherine Tufton, Lady 
 Sondes. Ddhl. 
 
 Anne Tufton, Countefs of Salifbury. Jaruis* 
 
 Head of Richard Coke, Efq. 
 
 Lady Coke, wife-of Sir Robert Coke. 
 
 The Dutchefs of Richmond. 
 
 The Duke of Leeds, and Lady Caernarvon. Kneller. 
 
 Over the library door, the Countefs of Leicefter. 
 
 Mrs. Price. Sir Peter Lely. 
 
 LIBRARY. Fifty -four feet by 18. Over the 
 Chimney, a fea piece. Grlffier. 
 
 Mrs. COKE's DRESSING-ROOM. Eighteen 
 by 24. Over the chimney, Lady Catherine and Anne 
 Tufton. 
 
 Madona and St. Francis. Cavedcne. 
 
 An altar-piece. "Solimene. 
 
 Two landfcnpes over the fide doors. Lucaielli. 
 
 Head of Chrift. Frederico Borocci. 
 
 Head of the Virgin Mary. C. Maratt. 
 
 The death of Lucretia ; the lights and (hades very 
 bad. Luc a Gic.rdano, 
 
 Over the door a moon-light piece. Vandsrmere. 
 
 Two pieces of poppies and thiflles. Flenrijh Mafler. 
 
 Over the door towards the library, a florin at fea. 
 This picture, and the four fmall ones in the lower 
 tier. Li'vio Metis. 
 
 BED - CHAMBER. Eighteen feet fquare. Over 
 the chimney, a view of the palace and place of St. 
 Mark, at Venice. Canaletti. 
 
 The
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 209 
 
 The maid of the inn. Rofalba. 
 
 Two pieces of fowls over the doors. Imperiali. 
 
 This room is hung with tapeftry, by Vanderbank. 
 
 Mrs. COKE's CLOSET. Over the chimney, a 
 large coloured drawing of St. Ignatius's chapel. 
 francefco Bartoli* 
 
 Two papal crowns and a mitre. F. Bartoli. 
 
 Four circular drawings in red chalk. Giacomo Frej. 
 
 A portrait of Lord Coke, in Crayons, Rofalba. 
 
 Two girls heads. Luti. 
 
 Two views in water colours. G. Occhiafi. 
 
 Affumption of the Madona, on agate. Rotenhame*, 
 
 Two drawings, framed and glazed. Kent. 
 
 Two drawings of views in circles. Occbiali. 
 
 An oblong fea view. Ditto. 
 
 Two young heads. Kent, 
 
 A drawing, the death of Cleopatre. Ditto. 
 
 A drawing, Auguftus and Cleopatra. Ignatius. 
 
 Two views of Roman buildings, Trinita de Monti, 
 and the palace Salviati. 
 
 Over the book-cafes are two fmall portraits in oil 
 colours, of Lord Leicefter's father and mother. 
 
 Above the altar-piece is a fmall painting of Cupid, 
 drawn in a car. Guido Rent. 
 
 A miniature head of St. John, upon copper. 
 
 Cardinal Gualtero, a ditto, upon copper. 
 
 A head of Chrift, and a Diana's. Ignatius. 
 
 MINIATUERES, painted in Enamel. Earl of 
 Leicefter, Lord Coke, Henry Coke his ion. 
 
 A Madona, a Leda. 
 
 Portrait of the Duke of Leeds. 
 
 Earl of Leicefter. Rofalba. 
 
 X Princefs
 
 2io THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Princefs Borghefe, in a veftal habit. Jgnatiut. 
 
 Lady Lanfdowne, Mrs. Roofe, Mrs. Hennirvgham, 
 of a Lady, unknown, Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, two 
 mens heads, unknown. 
 
 STRANGERS WING. 
 
 .IN the corridor leading to it from the ftatue gallery, 
 is a buft of the Emperor Saloninus. 
 A plaifter caft of the little Apollo. 
 
 A ditto of Camillas. 
 
 A ditto of the Venus de Medici. 
 
 A ditto of the'Mufe Urania. 
 
 ANTI-ROOM. Over the chimney-piece, a whole 
 length portrait of Lord Coke. 
 
 Over the doors, Lord Leicefter's father. 
 
 Its companion, the fame when a lad. 
 
 Facing the entrance, Richard Coke and bis wife, 
 Mary Roufe. 
 
 On the window fide, is a whole length of Robert 
 Coke. 
 
 Lady Anne Coke and her fon, whole lengths. Sir 
 Godfrey Kneller. 
 
 On the corridor fide are two whole lengths, the 
 Earl and Countefs of Leicefter. Cavalier Cajali. 
 
 Two door pieces, the Earl of Leicefier and his 
 brother Edward, when young. 
 
 Bufto of a Roma. 
 
 DRESSING - ROOM. Above the chimney is a 
 whole length fitting figure of the Earl of Leicefter. 
 
 Over
 
 THE. NORFOLK TOUR. 211 
 
 Over fide doors, Colonel Walpole, and Lady Mary. 
 Henningham. 
 
 Lord Chief Juftice Coke, and his firft wife, Mrs. 
 Pafton. Cavalier Cafali. 
 
 Over a door, Archbiihop Laud. 
 
 Over the center door, Sir Thomas More. 
 
 Henry Coke, of Thorrington, fifth fon of Lord 
 Chief Juftice Coke, and Margaret Lovelace, his 
 wife. C. Cafali. 
 
 BED - CHAMBER, hung with tapeftry, from the 
 defigns of Watteau. 
 
 Over the chimney-piece, a portrait of the firft Duke 
 of Leeds. Vandyk. 
 
 DRESSING-ROOM. A land/cape and ruins, 
 figure of Time. Gifolft. 
 
 Deborah and Barack. Sc/tmene. 
 
 A fmall view of Naples. G. Occhiali. 
 
 Two pieces of ruins. Vi<viani. 
 
 Over the center door, figures and ruins. M, A. 
 Caravagio. 
 
 Two views ; one of Naples, the other of Nettuno, 
 Qcchiali. 
 
 A woman's head, copied from Guido Reni. Kent. 
 
 Two heads of Madonas, after Raphael. 
 
 Over the fide door, nymphs bathing. F. Lauri* 
 
 The nativity of St. Anne. Baccicia Gala* 
 
 The genius of the Arts fupporting the figure of 
 Time. Sebajtian Conca, 
 
 GREEN DAMASK BED-CHAMBER. Portrait 
 of an Earl of Warwick. Vandyk. 
 
 GREEN DAMASK DRESSING-ROOM. Over 
 X 2 the
 
 212 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 the chimney, a portrait of the Princefs of Orange, 
 mother to King William. Sir Peter Lefy. 
 
 Diana and her nymphs. Dominicblno. 
 
 St. Jerome in the defart. Titian. 
 
 Galatea, a large picture. Jlllavo. 
 
 Landfcape over the door. Gafper Pouffn. 
 
 Figure of the magician mounted up in the air. 
 Tintcret. 
 Elyfian fields. Sebajlian Conca. 
 
 BLUE and YELLOW BED-CHAMBER. A num. 
 ber of Cupids fleeping, and nymphs of Diana clip- 
 ping their wings, Atbano. 
 
 BLUE SATTIN DRESSING-ROOM. Above 
 the center door is an original cartoon of Raphael, the 
 Madona, young Chrift, and St. John, in chiara of- 
 curo. 
 
 Drawings in red chalk. Juno Lanum<vina. 
 
 A man's head in black chalk. C. Marrat. 
 
 A landfcape in red chalk. Dcminichinc. 
 
 A chiaro ofcuro painting upon board ; figures of 
 men, fome bathing, fome drefling in a hurry, as if 
 alarmed by the approach of an enemy. M. Angela 
 Bitonarotti. 
 
 Hannibal pafling the Alps with his army, in red 
 Chalk. P. Cortona. 
 
 Academy figure, in red chalk. Andrea Saccbi* 
 
 Ditto of Dominichino. 
 
 Ditto of Andrea Sacchi. 
 
 A peftilence, in bifter, N. Poujfin. 
 
 Head upon blue paper, in black chalk. Domini- 
 tbina. 
 
 Over
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 213 
 
 Over the chimney-glafs, a fin all academy figure, 
 drawn with a pen. Raphael. 
 
 A head of Madona, black chalk. France/co Cbiari. 
 Compofition, a tomb on the fore ground. Van Lint. 
 A head, red chalk, upon blue paper. C. Maratt. 
 Efculapius, from an antique Itatue, red chalk. 
 Middle row, the firft from the door, the Virgin em- 
 bracing the Crofs, in black chalk. 
 
 Crucifixion of St. Andrea, red and white chalk. 
 C. Ftrri. 
 
 Chrift carrying the Crofs. Luca d'Orlaxao. 
 A ftudy from a Fox, with the pen, Annibal Car- 
 facet. 
 
 A battle piece. Moa/u Leaner. 
 Academy figure, in red chalk. Bernini. 
 A woman poiTelTed, figures in red chalk. School 
 ofRapbtal. 
 
 Academy figure in black and white chalk. Lan- 
 franco. 
 
 Over the doors, Venus and Adonis, in red chalk. 
 Gueriino. 
 
 Flora's head, in black chalk. C. Maratt. 
 A man's head, in black chalk. Corregio. 
 Wife men's offerings, in bitter. Pittro. Perugino. 
 A landfcape and figures, with the pen. C. Lcrrain. 
 Soldiers breaking down a bridge, in bifler. Par- 
 megi&na. 
 
 The afcenfion, in black chalk. C. Maratt. 
 Madona and young Chrilt, in red chalk. Ditto. 
 A drapery figure, a young man fitting. Corregio. 
 A Chrift with the Crofs. Gieujeppe a" Arpino. 
 A Salutation, C. Maratt. 
 
 X 3 An
 
 2H THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 An emblematic fubjeft, in red chalk. Lanfranco. 
 
 Our Saviour and his apoftles. Schcol of Raphael. 
 
 An aflumption of the Virgin, in bifter. C/rra 
 Ferri. 
 
 Battle piece, with the pen and India ink. Monfu 
 LeanJer. 
 
 Drawing of Jofeph and his brethren. Polidur 
 Caravagio. 
 
 Taking down from the Crofs. Guercino. 
 
 St. Francis healing a lame man. Andrea Saccbi. 
 
 An Apoftle, drawn with the pen. Titian. 
 
 St. Paul preaching. Carlo Maratt. 
 
 An academy figure, pen and bifter. Guercino. 
 
 Flight into Egypt, pen and wafh. Agoftino Car- 
 racci, 
 
 Cupid and Pfyche, a red chalk drawing. 
 
 Two Roman Saints healing the blind. Giwani 
 Bonati. 
 
 St. John baptifing our Saviour, in bifter. C. Ma- 
 ratt. 
 
 Academy figure, red chalk. Andrea Camafee. 
 
 Cattle and countrymen. Cajliglione. 
 
 Portrait of a woman, in red chalk. Titian. 
 
 Marriage of Jofeph and the Virgin Mary, black 
 chalk. A. Mafucci. 
 
 Sketch of a female Saint, in red chalk. C. Maratt. 
 
 BUSTS and STATUES in the Veftibule under 
 the Portico. A medallion, in marble, of Carneades. 
 
 Lyfias, the Athenian orator. 
 
 Plato Cicero Seneca. 
 
 A large figure of Jupiter. 
 
 Two chinerary urns, in the form of altars; 
 
 Six
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 215 
 
 Six plaifter cafts in niches, viz. 
 
 Apollo of the Belvidere Meleager of Pichini. 
 Ganymede of the Villa Medici Ptolemy Ve- 
 nus di Belle Fefle Dancing Faun. 
 
 Two large fide-board flabs of Mount Edgecombe, 
 red granite. 
 
 PORTER'S HALL, or GUARD-ROOM; Baft in 
 plaifter, Earl of Leicefter. Roubiliac. 
 
 Baft of the Emprefs Salonina. 
 
 Baft of Lucius Lentulas. 
 
 Confular boft and pedeftal. 
 
 AUDIT -ROOM, 21 feet by 4 S. Above the 
 chimney-piece, medallion of a Faun. 
 
 BUSTS in the Portico of the Steward's Lodge. Me- 
 ceaas: 
 
 A caft of the Emperor Titus, in modern bronze. 
 
 Within ; plaifter baft of the Earl of Leicefter. 
 Roubiliac. 
 
 SEAT upon the Mount. A fmall antique figure of 
 the river Nile, in white marble. 
 
 A coro marine antique ; confining of many figures, 
 Sea Nymphs, Centaurs, and Cupids, in alto relievo: 
 
 GREEN - HOUSE. A plaifter caft, taken from 
 an original mould of the Lion in the Villa Medici, 
 afcribed to Flammius Vacca. 
 
 ORANGERY. A fine antique Corinthian capi- 
 tal, in white marble ; alfo two antique marble bales 
 of columns. 
 
 COURT between the Kitchen and Chapel Wings. 
 A large fluted antique Sarcophagus, without its cover ; 
 the body of it is very entire, and in good conver- 
 fation. . . 
 
 TEMPLE.
 
 zi6 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 TEMPLE. The little Apollo of Medici, Venus 
 of Medici, dancing Faun of ditto, Ptolemy of ditto, 
 all plaifter cafts from the antique. 
 
 WOLTERTON, 
 
 THE feat of the Right Honourable Lord Walpole, is 
 an elegant and convenient houfe, built by the late 
 Lord Walpole, about the year 1730, but the of- 
 fices being concealed under ground, it does not make 
 an appearance equal to its real fize. The principal 
 floor is, however, magnificent. The falcon, 30 feet 
 fquare, is hung with elegant tapeftry, and furniihed 
 with fophas and chairs, on which are richly wrought 
 in needle-work, ./Efop's Fables, the drawing and co- 
 louring being admirably executed. The hall, 50 by 
 27. A dining-room, 30 by 37. A good picture of 
 King Charles. A drefiing-room, z i by 1 1, hung with 
 tapeftry of lively and fpirited colours. A bed-cham- 
 ber 25 by 22, the tapeftry here is alfo very fine ; 
 the chimney-piece handfome. A drawing-room 25 
 by 21, the tapeftry fine. A bed-chamber 22 by 21. 
 A dreffing-room 21 by 18. The pier glafles through- 
 out the houfe are large and handfome. From the 
 fourh eaft front of the houfe, is a beautiful view of a 
 piece of water of about 14 acres, and the park, which 
 appears more extenfive than it is, from commanding a 
 diftant profpeft of the woods and park of Blickling. 
 
 BLICKLING, 
 
 FORMERLY the feat of the Boleyns, of which fa- 
 mily was Sir Thomas Boleyn, Knight of the Bath,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. ary 
 
 and Earl of Wiltfhire : Anne Boleyn his daughter, 
 wife of Henry VIII, and mother of Queen Elizabeth 
 was born here. It now is the feat of the Honourable 
 Afheton Harbord. 
 
 The houfe is unfortunately fituatedclofe upon one 
 end of the water, but it is a large and good one ; the 
 architecture is Gothic, a little blended with the Gre- 
 cian. The weft front was built by the late Earl of 
 Buckinghamlhire, in i"j6^. The principal rooms 
 upon the ground floor are -the eating-room, 46 feet 
 by 22, with two large bow windows the common 
 living-room, 57 feet by 2 i, with one large bow win- 
 dowthe hall, 42 by 33, and 33 feet in height; 
 this contains a double-flight flair-cafe, with a gallery 
 of communication at the top : in two niche* are the 
 figures of Anne Boleyn, and her daughter, Queen 
 Elizabeth. The principal apartments confift of a 
 waiting-room, 22 feet fquare ; the old drawing- 
 room, 46 by 22, with two bow windows ; the library 
 12; feet by 21, with three bow windows ; the books 
 are arranged on both fides. It is an excellent and 
 very large collection, and an admirable rendezvous 
 room : thefe rooms are 18 feet in height. The new 
 drawing-room is 42 feet by 25, and 22 in height. 
 The ftate alcove bed-chamber, 33 feet by 21. 
 
 The Park and Gardens, containing about I ooo acres, 
 furround the houfe on three fides. The park is nearly 
 divided by a timber wood of about i Bo acres ; on one 
 fide is a two-mile race courfe ; the lower part is or- 
 namented with large old timbers ; the upper part is 
 
 diverfifiedt
 
 n8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 diverfified by various plantations and buildings, one 
 of which is a tower in the Gothic tafte, refembling a 
 church fteeple ; the ground is pleafingly irregular j the. 
 foil dry, and the views cheerful and extenfive. 
 
 The Pleafure Garden, rather lefs than a mile in 
 circumference, is furrounded on three fides by ter- 
 races, commanding pleafing though confined land- 
 fcapes, of which the neat market town of Aylfham 
 makes a principal feature. 
 
 The Green Houfe is fpacious and elegant, and the 
 orange trees and other exotics particularly thriving. 
 
 The Lake is of a crefcent fhape, the bow of which 
 extends a mile, and the firing half a one, the extreme 
 width being about 400 yards, is one of the fineft in 
 the kingdom : The colour is very bright ; but what 
 renders it uncommonly beautiful, is the noble accom- 
 panyment of wood. The hills rife from the edge in a 
 various manner ; in fome places they are fteep and, 
 hold, in others they hang in waving lawns, and are 
 fo crowned and fpread with wood, that the whole 
 fcene is environed with a dark (hade, finely contraft- 
 ing the brightnefs of the water. Some woods of ma- 
 jeftic oaks and beech, dip in the very water, while 
 others gently retire from it, and only (hade the diftant 
 hills : fometimes they open in large breaks and let 
 in the view of others darker than themfelves, or rife 
 fo boldly from the water's edge, as to exclude every 
 other view. About the center of the water, on the 
 right of it, is a projecting hill, thickly covered with 
 beech ; their flems are free from leaves, but their 
 heads unite and form fo deep a gloom, that not a ray 
 
 of
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 219 
 
 of the fun can find admittance, while it illuminates 
 the water, on which you look both ways. This par- 
 tial view of the lake, (for the branches of the beech 
 hang over the water, and form an horizon for the 
 fcene) is ftrikingly beautiful. 
 
 N A R F O R D, 
 
 THE feat of Brigg Price Fountaine, Efq. built and 
 furnifhed by the late Sir Andrew Fountaine. The 
 houfe is a good one, but not the objed of attention fd 
 much as the curiofities it contains, amongft which, 
 nothing is more ftriking than the cabinet of earthen 
 ware, done after the defigns of Raphael ; there is a 
 great quantity of it, and all extremely fine, The col- 
 lection of antique urns, vafes, fphinxes, and other an- 
 tiquities, is reckoned a good one ; but what gives 
 more pleasure than the venerable remains of this 
 kind, is a fmall modem ileeping Venus in white mar- 
 ble, by Delveau ; which in female foftnefe and deli- 
 cacy is exceedingly beautiful. The bronxcs are very 
 fine. 
 
 Sir Andrew Fountaine was celebrated for Ins ele- 
 gant tafte by Mr. Pope, and is faid to have piiF- 
 chafed for Sir Robert Walpole, fome of the fineft 
 paintings in the Hougbton collection. This feat is 
 as defervingof the particular notice of a curious tra- 
 veller as any irt the county of Norfolk. Prom the 
 appearance of the front of the houfe, whitfh is not ex- 
 tenfive, the obferver finds himielf moft agreeably for- 
 prifed ly the number of rooms, which are unexpect- 
 edly prefented to his obfefvation. 
 
 Y The
 
 220 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The Library is very beautifully fitted up, and con- 
 tains a moft excellent collection of curious and valua- 
 ble Books, not inferior to any one in the county. 
 
 PA?NTINGS BUSTS, &c. AT NARFORD. 
 
 HALL. At the eaft end, a picture reprefenting 
 the delivery of Achilles, by his mother Thetis, to the 
 centaur, Chiron, for education. 
 
 On the north fide, Europa carried by Jupiter, un- 
 der the form of a bull, over the Hellefpont. 
 
 Next the chimney, Arachne turned into a fpider 
 by Minerva. 
 
 On the left of the chimney, Narciffus. 
 
 On the fouth fide, the centaur Neflus carrying 
 away Dejanira, the wife of Hercules. 
 
 Over the door to the eaft, Sufanna and the two 
 elders. 
 
 Its companion, Angelica and Medor, from TafTo. 
 
 Over the door to the north, the death of Lucretia. 
 
 Over the door to the weft, Sophonifba poifoning 
 herfelf. Thefe are by Pelegrino. 
 
 Over the chimney a portrait of Lord Burlington, 
 who made Sir Andrew Fountaine a prefent of thefe 
 pictures. 
 
 On the table next the chimney, a buft of the Em- 
 peror Hadrianus. 
 
 On each fide, two antique Sphinxes 
 
 On the other table, a ileeping Venus, very fine, 
 by Monfieur Delveau. 
 
 On the flair-cafe are , the portraits of the reigning 
 princes of England, beginning at the top with King 
 
 James
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 221 
 
 James I. down to King George II. by different 
 hands. 
 
 A Dutch market, the figures by Rubens, and the 
 fruit by Snyders, very fine. 
 
 Some antique buftcs and relievos. 
 
 BILLIARD -ROOM. To the north, the large 
 piclure reprefenting the marriage of the Sea at Ve- 
 nice, an annual ceremony, after Tintorett. 
 
 St. Thomas with a dead Chriit, in the manner of 
 A. Durer. 
 
 On each fide the door, two landfcapes reprefenting 
 the good Samaritan. Scballian Burdon. 
 
 Under the large pidture, a landfcape. Rofa di 
 Tivoli. 
 
 A Dutch fair, after Wouvermans. 
 
 A landfcape, the journey into the Wildernefs, from 
 Egypt. Begham. 
 
 On the eaft fide, Dans and the golden fhower, af- 
 ter Titian. Pouflin. 
 
 On each fide, two fea-pieces. Van Veld. 
 
 Dutch Boors. Hemfkirk. 
 
 The infide of the church at Antwerp. Teniff. 
 
 Three Cupids in a chariot drawn by doves. Al- 
 bano. 
 
 A piece of Architecture. 
 
 A Dutch piece. Hemikirk. 
 
 A landfcape. 
 
 Over the door on the left hand, a mufician, after 
 Mola. 
 
 Over ditto on the right, Glaucus and Scylla. Sal- 
 vator Rofa. 
 
 Titus's arch. N. Pouffin. 
 
 Y 2 A
 
 222 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 A fine landfcape, with cattle. Tintoretto. 
 
 Over it a battle-piece. Michael Angelo delta 
 
 Bactaglia. 
 
 A fine whole length of Mary de Medicis. C. 
 
 Janfen. 
 
 In the bed-chamber next the Painter's room. Two 
 landfcr.pes in the ftyle of Huifman, of Mechlin. 
 
 STAIR-CASE. A piece of fculpture of Prome- 
 theus chained to a rock. Cavalier David. 
 
 A fine head of a boy, antique. 
 
 Several antique flatties. 
 
 DINING PARLOUR. Over the chimney, a baa 
 relievo of the Roman charity. Camillo Rofcpni. 
 
 Three antique bufts. 
 
 On the right of the chimney, a portrait of a Dutch 
 Burgo-mafter. Simon de Vos. 
 
 On the left of ditto, a portrait of Sir T. Chicely,. 
 mafter of the ordnance. Dobfon. 
 
 On the fouth fide, behind the door, a portrait of 
 the Earl of Portland, when ambaffador in France. 
 Rigeau. 
 
 A portrait of the Duke of Richmond, of the Stu- 
 art family. Vandyk. 
 
 On the right of the door, a portrait of a Lady. 
 Cornelius Janfen. 
 
 Its companion, a portrait of Sir Henry Spelman. 
 Ditto. 
 
 LITTLE WITHDRAWING - ROOM. On the 
 right hand of the door, a Holy Family. Titian. 
 
 Over it, a portrait of a youth. Sir Peter Lely. 
 
 Over the chimney, a portrait of Vandyk, by 
 himfelf. 
 
 Oa
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 223 
 
 On the north fide, Galatea, after Raphael. An- 
 drea Sacchi. 
 
 Two landfcapes. Old Brueghel. 
 
 On the left of the door, to the north, the death of 
 Abfalom. M. Angelo della Battaglia. 
 
 A pi&ure of horfes. Wouvermans. 
 
 St. Jerome, in the ftile of Titian. 
 
 To the weft, on the right of the window, a Ma- 
 dona. Andrea Schiavoni. 
 
 Below it, a view of Boxhill, near Epfom. Wyk. 
 
 On the right of the door, the Angel and Tobit. 
 Lanfranc. 
 
 CLOSET. Is a very curious collection of earthen 
 ware, painted from the defigns of Raphael Urbino, 
 John d'Udino, &c. It is the largeft colie&ion in 
 England. 
 
 BLUE DRAWING-ROOM. Over the chimney, 
 a fine picture of the children of Ifrael gathering man- 
 na, A Bloemart. 
 
 The marriage in Cana. Old Franks. 
 
 Behind the door, a Bravo. Spagriolet. 
 
 An old woman. M. A. Caravagio. 
 
 A portrait of Ramboet, a difciple of Rubens, by 
 himfelf. Scarce. 
 
 Julius Czfar, and its companion, an emblem of 
 viftory, by Julio Romano, out of the collection of 
 King Charles I. 
 
 Two landfcapes, hand unknown. 
 
 A very fine piclure of fpaniels. Fyt. 
 
 A bull hunting, its companion Rofa diTivoli. 
 
 A fine picture of the Holy Family. Andrea del 
 Sarto. 
 
 Y 3 A
 
 *x/f THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 A Bacchus. Pouflin. 
 
 A portrait. Vandyk. 
 
 Underneath, on the right, art ufurer and lady. 
 Rembrant. 
 
 The interview of King Henry VIII. and Anne of 
 Cleves, by H. Holbein, or John of Mabufe. 
 
 Over the door, St. John in the Wildernefs. An- 
 niba! Caracci. 
 
 A young Roman. M. Ang. Caravaggio. 
 
 A flower piece. Old Baptift. 
 
 STUCCO DINING-ROOM, is hong with family 
 pidlures. 
 
 PICTURE CLOSET. Apollo and Daphne, by 
 Simone Memmi, a difciple of Giotto. 
 
 Gn the right, at the top, a Madona and child. Al- 
 bert Durer. 
 
 Ditto, its companion, by a fcholar of Raphael 
 Urbino. 
 
 Part of the Holy Family. VanderwerfFe. 
 
 Its companion, ditto. Carlo Maratti. 
 
 At the bottom on the right, a Holy Family. Le 
 Loire. 
 
 In the middle, Corregio's family, by Corregio. Its 
 companion, a Holy Family. Hand unknown. 
 
 On the left, Mofes found by Pharaoh's daughter. 
 Tintoretto. 
 
 The crucifixion. Magnafci. 
 
 A head of Rubens' wife. Rubens. 
 
 The adoration of the Shepherds, in thd ftlle of 
 Corregio. 
 
 In the middle, the afcenfion. Sclimeni. 
 
 On the left, the converfion of St. Paul, ou marble, 
 Pietro Camaiini.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 225 
 
 Two old men. Quintin Matfis, of Antwerp. 
 
 Two battle pieces. Bargognone. 
 
 On the left, oar Saviour curing the blind. Old 
 Franks. 
 
 A Colombine and Pierot. Vatteau. 
 
 A 'andfcape. Wouvermans. 
 
 A Madona. Carlo Dolci. 
 
 A Flemifti merry-making. P. Angelles. 
 
 The death of St. Sebailian. Tintoretto. 
 
 On the weft fide, at the top, two fine landfcapes. 
 Salvator Rofa. 
 
 In the middle, our Saviour in the garden. P. le 
 Genoefe. 
 
 On the left, a Holy Family. Schidoni. 
 
 On the right, two Cupids. N. Pouffin. 
 
 A head of old Dobion, on paper. Dobfbn. 
 
 On the iight hand, Euridice wounded by a fer- 
 pent. Poelenburch. 
 
 On the left, the feaft of St. Cxcilia, on marble. 
 Van Balen. 
 
 Two boys heads, Francis Hals. 
 
 Three children of the Earl of Dorfet's. H. Hol- 
 bein. 
 
 A Bacchanalian. Pelegi-Ino. 
 
 A facrifice. J. Ricci. 
 
 DRESSING - ROOM. To the eaft, Galatea. 
 Ricci. 
 
 Two views of Venice. Cagnaletti. 
 
 A Cupid. Gieufeppi -Chiari. 
 
 The labourers in the vineyard. Dominico Fetti, 
 very fine, 
 
 Over
 
 226 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Over the cabinet, a facrifice. N. Pouffiru 
 
 Its companion. Dirto. 
 
 Mofes found by Pr.araoVs daughter. Pelegrino. 
 
 The LIBRARY, is 40 icet by 21 ; in itarefeveral 
 antique Roman and Egyptian vafes, and portraits of 
 eminent men. 
 
 LIBRARY CLOSET. To the eaft, the middle 
 pifture is St. Cxcilia, a copy from a picture, by Carlo 
 Maratti, in the collection of the Earl of Orford, by 
 J. Davis, Efq. of Watlington. 
 
 On each fide, two figures. Pietro da Pie:ris. 
 
 A veftal Virgin. J. Ruoux. 
 
 A Holy Family. N. Beretoni. 
 
 On-each fide, two Holy Families. C. Maratfr. 
 
 Over the chimney are lever al antique bronzes. 
 
 The Apollo with the golden drapery, is antique. 
 
 A veftal Virgin. Carlo Maratti. 
 
 RAINHAM-HALL, 
 
 THE feat of the Marquis Townfhend, was built 
 about the year 1630 by Sir Roger Townfhend, Bart, 
 under the directions of that excellent architect Inigo 
 Jones. It is perhaps the mcfV delightful fituation in 
 the county of Norfolk, and I as been greatly improved 
 by the prefent noble pofleilbr. The building itftlf is 
 rather in the ftile of an exceeding good habitable 
 houie, than a magn'ficent one. The country around 
 is rich and charmingly cultivated. The park and 
 woods, containing about 800 acres, are beautiful, and 
 the lake below, peculiarly ftriking. Extenfive lawns, 
 and opening views into the country enrich the enliven- 
 ing
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 227 
 
 ing fcene, and difplay the bounties of nature in its 
 moft enchanting and luxuriant pride. 
 
 There are feveral very valuab.e pictures in this 
 houfe ; amongft the reft, the famous pifture of Beli- 
 farius, by Salvator Rofa : This pifture was given to 
 Charles Lord Vifcount Townfhend, fecretary of ftate, 
 by the late King of Pruffia : And Mr. Strange en- 
 graved a much admired print from it. Mr. Arthur. 
 Young fays, the pifture has, he thinks, more e.-rpref- 
 fion in it, than any he had ever feen. Some connoif- 
 feurs are of opinion that it is not the pifture of Beli- 
 farius, but of Caius Marius. 
 
 There are three flower-pieces and two landfcapes 
 with beafts, very Jine, and many other paintings by 
 Sir Peter Lely, Jervafe and Richardfon, but being 
 chiefly portraits of Lord Townfhend's family, it is not 
 neceflary to infert a catalogue of them here. 
 
 Lady Townfhend's drefling-room is ornamented 
 with prints, ftuck with much tafte on the green paper. 
 
 MELTON- CONST ABLE, 
 
 THE feat of Sir Edward Aftley, Bart, was built by 
 Sir Jacob Aftley, grandfather to the late Sir Jacob, 
 about the year 1680, and within a few years has been 
 much ornamented and improved ; particularly the 
 weft front, but not being a very modern building, is 
 ftill rather in the ftileof a neat habitable houfe, than 
 an elegant one; the chapel, the grand ftair- cafe, the 
 ceilings, and many of the rooms are highly finifhed. 
 Sir Edward has a fine collection of prints, many curi-
 
 228 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 ous and valuable books, with fome original paintings 
 by the belt mafters. The park contains between fix 
 and feven hundred acres, is four miles in circumfe- 
 rence, has lately been judicioufly ornamented, and 
 the great canal made with uncommon difficulty and 
 much judgment ; which when properly united with 
 wood will have a fine effeft ; {till fomething more may 
 be done to improve this charming villa. The temple, 
 managery, church, porters lodges, ftables, and belle- 
 view, are feen to advantage in various directions as 
 you approach the houfe from the fouth. In the 
 managery Lady Aftley has a curious collection of 
 birds. Half a mile from the houfe, in the road to 
 Holt, Sir Edward has built a tower about forty feet 
 high, called Belle-view : It is commodioufly fitted up, 
 the apartments and furniture are elegant, and from 
 the look out at the top, there is an extenfive profpeft 
 of twenty-five miles, of a rich wood-land country, 
 finely intermixed with villages and corn - fields. 
 Norwich, Northwalmam church, Lord Buckingham's 
 tower, Holt, Cley, and the fea breaking through the 
 hills at about five miles diftance, and much fuperior 
 in point of view to any artificial piece of water, all 
 combine to render this profpeft one of the moft per- 
 fect and pleafing.in the county. 
 
 The country round Melton gradually rifes for fome 
 miles to the houfe, from the top of which there is an 
 extenfive proipeft to the eaft, fouth and weft ; there 
 is a flair-cafe and door to the roof, which is of lead, 
 and Hat. 
 
 FELBRIGG..
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 229 
 
 F E L B R I G G, 
 
 THE feat of The Right Hon. William Windham, is by 
 nature one of the moft beautiful fituations in Norfolk, 
 as in this park, which is very extenfive, there is more 
 uneven ground than in any other in this county ; nor 
 has art been lefs bountiful : the woods are large and 
 ancient. lu the center of the great wood is an irre- 
 gular oval of about four acres, furrounded by a broad 
 belt of lofty filver firs : on entering this oval, the eye 
 is wonderfully pleafed, without at firft perceiving why 
 it is fo ; we fuppofe it muftbe from the contraft which 
 this famenefs of green makes to the varied tints of 
 the other foreft trees, every where mixed in the reft 
 of the grove, and which thefe lofty evergreens en- 
 tirely exclude, 
 
 From another part of the wood an extenfive prof- 
 peel demands attention through a break in the grove, 
 whence the uneven ground of the park is feen to the 
 greateft advantage: Norwich fpire at full 18 miles 
 diftance, terminates the view. 
 
 From the upper part of the wood the fea prefents 
 itielf, but not in fo Jinking a manner as it will from 
 the new plantation, which in a few years will conceal 
 that pleafingobjeft from the eye, and then at once dif- 
 piay all its awful majefty. 
 
 Mr. Windhara's plantations are defigned to anfwer 
 two purpofes, to ornament and belt round his park, 
 and to extend his great woodland fcene nearer the fea, 
 towards which, at two miles diftance it forms a grand 
 
 bulwark,
 
 *3<> THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 bulwark, and from which he looks down an eafy de- 
 clivity, over a bold more, to an unlimited profpedl on 
 the German ocean. 
 
 The general utility of inclofing commons and wafte 
 lands has long been a fubjeft of much debate. Mr. 
 Kent is a ftrong advocate for it, and the fals ftated in 
 his account of the improvement made upon Mr. 
 Windham'.s eftate, at Felbiigg, feem tojiulify hiscon- 
 clufions, He fays, " the parifti of Felbrigg confifts 
 " of about 1300 acres of land, and till the year 1771, 
 " remained time out of mind in the following ftate : 
 " 400 acres of inclofed, 100 of wood-land, 400 of 
 " common-field, and 400 of common or heath. By 
 ** authentic regifters at different periods, it appeared, 
 " tbat the number of fouls had never been known to 
 " exceed 124; which was the number in 1745; ' in 
 " 1777 they were only 1 21 ; at this time (1794) they 
 " amount to 174." This rapid increafe Mr. Kent 
 attributes chiefly to the recent improvements made in 
 the parifh, by incloiing all the common-field land, and 
 converting moft of the common into arabjf land and 
 plantations. Farther to ftrengthen his opinion of the 
 benefits of inclcfure, Mr. Kent remarks, that the pa- 
 rifh ofWeyburn, confifting of about the fame quantity 
 of unenclofed common and common-fields, as Felbrigg 
 did, has not increafed oflate in population. 
 
 The houfe, which has been confiderably enlarged 
 ty the Wind ham family, is elegant and convenient, 
 .and the old ftile of architecture obfervable in the 
 South front, has been happily kept up in the hall, and 
 ia the library, which w well furnifhed with the moft 
 
 valuable
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 231 
 
 valuable authors, and contains a capital collection of 
 prints, from the beft mailers. 
 
 W E S t W I C K. 
 
 THE feat of John Berney Petre, Efq. is fituated with- 
 in eleven miles of Norwich and three miles of North 
 Walmam. It is defervedly efteemed one of the moft 
 delightful fpots in the county ; the moft judicious and 
 happy efforts of art having laid open and difplayed in 
 the moft agreeable manner, the natural beauties of the 
 place. The kitchen garden and hot-hgufes are infe- 
 rior to few in this part of the kingdom. The lawn and 
 plantations are extenfive and beautiful. It was long 
 thought impracticable to obtain an ornamental piece 
 of water for the farther improvement of the fcene, on 
 account of the elevated fituation of the place, and the 
 nature of the foil: but that difficulty is at ' lail fully 
 furmounted ; Mr. Petre having been able by an ingeni- 
 ou's application of two Archemedean fcrews, to raife a 
 fufficient fupply from a large refervoir below thefura- 
 mit of the hill. Thefe fcrews are worked by a wind- 
 mill, and v.ill difcharge about 500 barrels an hour 
 when the wind is brifk. The lower fcrew raifcs the 
 water eleven feet, into a ciftern, from which the other 
 takes it eleven feet higher, into a channel made 
 for the conveyance of it to its place of deftinafion. 
 This channel winds along near three miles ; Ibme- 
 times through hills, where it is 14 or 15 feet deep ; 
 and fometimes over low grounds, where it is elevated 
 to a confi.lerable height above the furface of the 
 earth and at laft forms a fine meet of water upwards 
 of' a mile in length, completing the beauty of the 
 lawn and plantations. 
 
 Z As
 
 232 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 At a little diflance from the houfe is an ornamental 
 building, called a Gazebo or Belle - view, ninety 
 feet high ; a fquare pedeftal of zo feet tapering round 
 upwards, with a flair-cafe in the infide up to a Ian- 
 thorn at the top, famed, and neatly fitted-up, whence 
 there is a remarkable fine profpeft of a large extent 
 of fea-coaft of near 30 miles on one fide ; and on the 
 other a rich inland country, as far as the eye can 
 reach; the whole in the higheft flate of cultivation, 
 and moil beautifully cloathed with wood. 
 
 KIMBERLEY, 
 
 THE firfl feat here belonged to the ancient family 
 of the Failolffs. It flood in the weft part of the town, 
 but Sir John Wodehoufe in the reign of Henry IV. 
 demolifhed it, and built a noble feat on the eafl part, 
 where the family continued till 1639, and then Sir 
 Philip WcJehoufe demolifhed it, and removed to the 
 prefent feat at Downham-Lodge, which is jufl acrofs 
 the river, dividing the pariihes of Kimberley and 
 Wymondham, to which Downham is a hamlet ; the 
 piece of water which lies in this parim, and is there 
 faid to contain about twelve or fourteen acres, is now 
 extended into a noble lake of about twenty-eight acres, 
 which feems to environ a larg.e wood, or carr, on its 
 weft fide, rendering its appearance to the houfe much 
 more grand and delightful; the rivulet that ran on 
 its eafl fide is now made a ferpentine river, laid out 
 in a neat manner, and is the boundary to the park, on 
 the weft and north fides, being above a mile in length ; 
 the declivity of the hill on the northern part is a fine 
 lawn, with the ferpentine river, at the bottom of it, 
 which is feen at one view from the grand entrance of 
 
 the
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 233 
 
 ihe houfe, which was built by the late Sir John Wode- 
 houfe, Bart. 
 
 Great improvements have been made fince the de- 
 ceafe of Sir John, by the late Sir Armine Wodehoufe, 
 both in the waters and the park ; Sir Armine like- 
 wife greatly improved the family feat, adding four 
 rooms, one to each angle of the houfe, and made other 
 confiderable alterations. 
 
 Kimberley houfe is a handfome building, with con- 
 venient offices detached, but not particularly an ob- 
 ject of attention to a traveller, tho' it contains feveral 
 good rooms, and a confiderable library. One piece 
 of painting, an original head of Vandyk, by himfelf 
 when young, is very fine. But if a park profufely gar- 
 nimed with a multitude of the moil venerable oaks in 
 the county, and a beautiful piece of water, can give 
 pleafure to the traveller, he will be highly gratified in 
 viewing them at Kimberley. 
 
 Sir Roger Wodehoufe was knighted by Queen Eli- 
 zabeth, at Sir Edward Clere's houfe at Blickling, 
 Auguft, i5";8. And the Queen on her return from 
 Norwich, in her progrefs to Cambridge, on the 2?d 
 of the fame month, lodged at Sir Roger Wodehoufe's. 
 
 There is ftill in the family a noble throne, whick 
 was creeled for the queen, in the grand hall at Kim- 
 berley ; it is ofcrimfon velvet, richly embroidered 
 with gold, having on it the arms of Wodehoufe and his 
 quarterings, with the fupporters, all in curious work, 
 and on the top are the fame arms impaling Corbet. 
 
 GUNTON-HALL, the feat of the Right Honour- 
 able Lord Suffield, is not particularly calculated for 
 the infpe&ion of a traveller, but the offices added to 
 Z 2 it_
 
 234 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 it about ten years ago, under the direction of Mr, 
 Wyatt, are faid to be fuperior to any in the kingdom. 
 Nqt far jrom the houfe ftands the pariih church, 
 which was re-built by the late Sir William Harbord, 
 Eart. and has a handfome portico of the Doric order. 
 
 LANGLEY- HOUSE, the feat of Sir Thomas 
 Beauchamp Pro&or, Bart, is a very handfome build- 
 ing, with a park and extenfive plantations. 
 
 RAVENINGHAM -HOUSE, the feat of Sir Ed- 
 mund B'acon, premier Baronet of England, is a mo- 
 dern built handrae houfe. 
 
 In the north fide of the nave of Raveningham church, 
 between the two nj per pillars, is the following curious 
 infcription : 
 
 Here 1'ycrh buried under this ftone of marbyll : 
 
 Margret Sumtyme the wi re of Hum fry Caftyll. 
 Late wife to Rauf Willoughby : 
 
 Squire for King Richard the thyrds body. 
 The zere of God M : eccc. Ixxx & 1 1 1 : 
 on the ix day of March departed Sche. 
 For whofe SouJe I befeech you hartely to pray : 
 
 And devoutly a pater- Noder & eve-mary to fay. 
 At DENTON, three miles and a half from Bun- 
 gay, Mr. Stackhoufc Tompfon, of Norwich, has a 
 country houfe, with about 40 acres of land, laid out in 
 a moft pleafing tafle. There is a neat cottage, a gar- 
 den, a rural Chinefe temple, a grotto, and many na- 
 tural curiofides ; fo happily difpofed, and the whole 
 is fo different from every other place in the county, 
 that it well deferves a traveller's notice. You have 
 a pleafing view of Flixton Hall, the refidence of 
 Alexander Adair, Efq. at about a mile's diftance, 
 fitvated in the centre of extenfive woods.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 235 
 
 WARHAM, the feat of Sir M. Browne Folkes, Bart., 
 is one of the moil beautiful luuations in Norfolk. 
 The houfe ftands on the brow of a gently rifing hill, 
 backed to the north with very fine plantations of fifty 
 years growth. They have fomewhat the appearance 
 ofacrefcent form, flickering from the north, eaft, 
 and weft, and opening to the fouth, down over a beau- 
 tiful winding vale, and then commanding a rich va- 
 ried profpeft of diftant inclofufes. Some villages and 
 churches, fcattered about the view, and a large though 
 regular, water in the valley, all tend to .make it cheer- 
 ful, while the thick woods which crown the tops of fe- 
 veral hills, and the groves that link into the vale, 
 throw a pifturefqne beauty over the fcene thqt cannot 
 fail to ftrike the fpeftator. 
 
 The view that breaks at once upon you on coming 
 through the dark fir wood in the approach from Lon- 
 don, is very beautiful. You look at once upon a 
 range of lofty plantations around the houfe, whofe 
 dark made forms a contraft to the brilliancy of the 
 landfcape, . that fets it off in the fineft colours. In 
 front you look upon various clumps, rifing boldly 
 from the water, united in fome places with thick 
 hedges, and in others broken by inclofures, which 
 fpreading over the hill to the left, the water is loft 
 under a dark grove : the. fields rife fo thick about it, 
 as to unite with a diftant plantation which crowns 
 the hill ; a church is happily fituatedon the point of 
 it-, and beyond is feen a more diftant rich wood- 
 land. Full to the left, is a large Danifti camp* of 
 Z 3 three 
 
 * AO encampment of Sweno the Dane. One. of the Meadows 
 weno's Meadow.
 
 236 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 three entrenchments, which are quite -perfect; Turn- 
 ing to the right, you look upon an inclofure which 
 breaks into the plantations ; it is fringed with open 
 wood that half obfcures the village, fcattered thickly 
 with trees, and Warham fteeples, one peeping over 
 the thick plantations near the houfe, and the other 
 more open, compleat the view. 
 
 As you Advance through the vale in the way to the 
 houfe, the fcenes change, but all are beautiful. The 
 varied lawns, and. hanging flopes, crowned in fome 
 places with woods, and in others broken by rich inclo- 
 fures, and all truly piclurefque and beautiful. 
 
 The ride from Warham to. Stifkey, is through a 
 much more piclurefque country than is commonly, met 
 with in Norfolk ; the road runs on the brow of the 
 hill looking down on Stifkey vale. The vale, which 
 is compofed of meadows of the fijieft verdure, winds 
 in a very beautiful manner from out of a thicket of 
 woody inclofures, and retires behind a projecting 
 hill, an humble ftream gljdes through it, and adds a 
 cheerfulnefs, which water can alone confer. The 
 hills rife, in a bold manner ; they are bare of wood, 
 but that is compenfated by the thick inclofures, in 
 which the village is fcattered, forming with its church 
 in a dip of the hill, and that of Blakeney above it, 
 in a prouder fuuation, a moft complete and pleafing 
 picture. 
 
 COCKTHORPE, a village of only three, houfes, 
 has furnifhed three famous Admirals. Sir Chrifto- 
 pher Minims, Sir John Narborough, and Sir Cloudef- 
 Icy Shovel. 
 
 Near
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 237 
 
 Near Blakeney is another uncommon view, quite 
 different from that at Stifkey : the road winds into a 
 fequeftered valley (hut out from the fea, by a bold 
 uncultivated hill. To the right the grounds {helve 
 from the road into a narrow vale. In this little wood- 
 dy hollow is a village half feen among ftraggling 
 trees : the fteeple is uncommonly pifturefque ; half 
 of it is hid by a rifing flope, and the church three 
 fourths obfcured by a thicket of trees. The oppo- 
 fite hill rifes very boldly ; it prefents a large inclo- 
 fure, under the thick ihade of a noble fpread wood, 
 which hangs to the right into another valley, but is 
 loft behind a regular bare hill of a conic form, which 
 rifes from the jun&iou of the vales, in a very remark- 
 able manner ; and almoft fcreens a diflant range of 
 rifing inclofure. Immediately to the right, is a 
 Hoping tral of fields, and above them wild ground, 
 with a white tower rifing from behind it. The whole 
 forms one of thofe half gloomy, and yet not unpkaf- 
 ing feenes, in which Pouffin delighted ; it is a fpot 
 worthy of fuch a pencil. 
 
 Sherringham Cliff is a very high fteep (here: it 
 looks on one fide full upon the fea, and on the other 
 over a various country abounding with inequalities of 
 ground ; many hills fcattered widely about, nume- 
 rous cultivated inclofures, and fix or feven villages are 
 feen. Sherringham is prettily overlooked, backed 
 by a rifing hill. 
 
 LYNN REGIS,
 
 238 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 LYNN REGIS, or KING'S LYNN, 
 
 CAMDEN was of opinion that Lynn derived its 
 name from the Britifh word Lhyn, which means a 
 lake, pool, or fpreading waters ; hut Spelman affirms 
 that the right name is Len, in Saxon, a farm or tenure 
 in fee, and Len Epifcopi, as it was formerly called, 
 meant the Bifhop's Farm. It retained the name of 
 Bilhop's Lynn till the time of King Henry VIII, who 
 exchanging the monaftery of St. Bennet in the Holme, 
 and other lands, for the revenues of the Bimopric, 
 this town amongft the reft, came into his hands, and 
 with the pofleffor, changed its name to Lynn Regis. 
 
 Camden fays that the town is not of any antiquity, 
 but fprung up out of the ruins of what is called Old 
 Lynn, or Weft Lynn, which lies on the opppfite fide of 
 the river. 
 
 Camden's opinion of this town's not being of great 
 antiquity is probably right, but in faying it fprung 
 out of the ruins of Old Lynn, or Weft Lynn, he is cer- 
 tainly miftaken, it no where appearing that Old Lynn 
 ever was any thing but what it now is, an inconfidera- 
 ble village, which may have been the cafe.with Lynn 
 Regis, before the advantages of commerce were un- 
 derftood, by which it has gradually been railed from 
 its primitive obfcurity, to that of being the moft con- 
 fiderable fea-port town in the county, and inferior 
 only to London, Briftol, Liverpool, Hull, and New- 
 caftle, in England. 
 
 [|
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 259 
 
 It is a large rich, handfome ,and very thriving 
 town, ftanding upon the eaftern hank of the Great 
 Oufe, at about ten miles diftance from the Britfih 
 ocean. It is .one mile and a quarter long from the 
 South-gate to the the Block-hoafe, at Fifher's-end, 
 and about half a mile from the river to the eaft-gate, 
 which is the broadeft part; it contains about 2,500 
 houfes and 12,000 inhabitants, is encompaffed on the 
 land fide by a deep \vet ditch and an ancient wall ; 
 was formerly defended by n-ine baftions, and might 
 now afily be made a place of canfiderable ftrength. 
 It is divided by four fin ail rivers, over which there 
 are fifteen bridges. At the north-end there is a plat- 
 form of twelve cannon, eighteen pounders, called St. 
 Anne's - Fort, but having no cover for the men, it 
 could be of very little ufe, if the town was attacked 
 from the river fide. 
 
 This town has been honoured with no lefs than 
 fifteen royal characters ; but we fhall mentioa only 
 thofe which more immediately apply to our purpoie, 
 King John, after chaftifing the revolted Barons of 
 Norfolk, aflembled his forces here in the fixth year 
 of his reign, 1204, and during his ftay, and on the 
 petition of John Grey, Bifhop of Norwich, granted 
 the town a charter to be a free borough for ever, and 
 the Burgefies to choofc themfelves a Prater, or Pro- 
 *voft, on condition that he fhould be fubjeft to the 
 Bijbop, and take an oath yearly to that end, at the 
 Bifhop's palace at Gaywood, whence he was called 
 the Bijkop's Man. At the fame time King John pre~ 
 fented the corporation with an elegant double gilt 
 embofled and enamamelled cup and cover, weighing 
 
 73 ounces,
 
 240 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 73 ounces, and holding a full pint, which is well pre- 
 ferved, and upon all public occasions and entertain- 
 ments ufed with fome uncommon ceremonies, at drink- 
 ing the health of the King or Queen, and whoever 
 goes to viiit the mayor, drinks fack out of this cup. 
 He alfo then gave them from his own fide, 'tis/ait/, 
 a fword with a filver mounting, to be carried before 
 the mayor; but as the charter dated Sept. 14. in 
 the 6th year of this King's reign calls him Pr/epc- 
 Jitus or Pro<vojt, a title not cleariy defined, it has been 
 denied that King John granted the town a Mayor, 
 but that it had one in the laft year of his reign, is 
 evident from his letters patent, dated June 7, 1216, 
 directed 
 
 To the Mayor and good men of Lynn. 
 Bifhop Gibfon in his additions to Camden obferves, 
 that this fword, which by the infcription, is faid to 
 have been given by King John, was really the gift of 
 King Henry VIII. after the town came into his pof- 
 feffion, and he changed their Burgefies into Aldermen, 
 and granted them feveral privileges. The charter 
 granted by King John, does not mention the fword, 
 but that granted by Henry exprefsiy fays, " He 
 " granted them a fword to be carried before their may- 
 " or." A loofe paper of Sir Henry Spelman's dated 
 September i 5, 1630, fays, one Thomas Kenet, town- 
 clerk of Lynn, allured him, that John Cooke, fword - 
 bearer, in 1580, went to Mr. Ivory the fchool-mafter 
 of the town, and defired him tocompofe an infcription, 
 to be engraved upon the plain hilt of the town-fword, 
 to this effect, " King John gave this fword to the 
 ** town, 1 ' hereupon he caufed the perfon who gave 
 
 this
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 241 
 
 this information, and was then his fcholar, to write 
 thefe words. 
 
 Etijts hie Donum fuit Regis Jokannis, 
 afuo ipfius Latere datum. 
 
 In ENGLISH. 
 
 King John teak this j<vjcrd jrom Us own fide, 
 and ga--ve it to this to-ivn. 
 
 which the fword-hearer carried to Mr. Cooke, a 
 Goldfmith, who engraved it upon one fide of the 
 hilt. If this ftory be true, the infcription of which 
 the town fo much boafls is of no authority. On the 
 other fide of the hilt is Vivat i*Henericus Oftavus. 
 Anno Regent Jui xx. 
 
 The Gentlemen of the Corporation infift, that the 
 fword now borne before the Mayor, was given by 
 King John, and has been ufed for that purpofe from 
 the time of Henry III. and that when fome Kings 
 have honoured the town with their prefence, the 
 mayors themfelves have carried this fword before 
 them ; and it is remarkable, fays Mr. Mackerell, 
 that in a window on the north fide of the choir, near 
 the altar of St. Nicholas chape], the town arms and 
 the fword are depicled in giafs, and moft probably 
 were fixed there loon after creeling the chapel and 
 glazing the windows, which is fnppofed to have been 
 in the reign of tdward III. between the years 1326 
 and 1376, or about 150 years after K. John is faid to 
 have given the fword to the town. Upon the whole 
 k is pretty clear, that the fword was given by King 
 John, but whether from his own fide, and to be car- 
 ried before a Provoft or a Mayor, mull ftill remain 
 
 doubtful.
 
 244 THE NORFOLK TOUR, 
 doubtful. If there be any error in the infcription 
 upon the fword, it is in faying that King John took it 
 from his owfide, thereby intimating, that it was the 
 fword he commonly wore, which it is riot eafy to be- 
 lieve, it not only being much too large for an offenfive 
 weapon, but alfo, like all other fwords ufedfor purpo- 
 fes of ftate by corporate bodies. 
 
 The Mayor is annually eleaed Aug. 29, and 
 fworn into office September 29. when he gives an ele- 
 aant entertainment at the Hall, to the corporation 
 and the country gentlemen and ladies, in the neigh- 
 bourhood. At this feaft, King John's cup, after di 
 ner, is handed to the mayor, he prefents it to his pre 
 deceflbr, who takes off the lid, and the mayor drinks 
 the Kin-', health, the lid is then replaced and after 
 certain ceremonies of turning the cup round, the may- 
 or delivers it to the late major, and in tike mann. 
 it paffrt down the mayor's table ; thence n 
 ried to the mayorefs and the ladies. 
 
 On the 2 9 th of Augaft the mayor calls a hall for 
 Ae eleaion of a fuccefTor. who is chofen by the com- 
 mon council, as they are by the court of Aldermen ; 
 but if any difpute ftould arife, and the mayor breal 
 up the aflemWy. the common council may fit down 
 upon the ftepsof the hall and choofe a mayor, if ten out 
 of the eighteen are unarimous. and thU eleftion the 
 court of Aldermen cannot controvert. 
 
 The corporation confcfts of a mayor, recorder, 
 twelve aldermen, snd eighteen common council men, 
 a town-clerk, chamberlain, &c. The town has fen t 
 two Burgefles to parliament ever fince the 26th of Ed- 
 ward I. (1298) and the eleaion is in the whole body^ 

 
 THE NORFOLK TO'UR. 243 
 
 of the freemen and free-burgefles, in number rfbout 
 330, and the mayor is the returning officer. 
 
 la 1768 there was a fharp contelt for members to 
 reprefent this Borough in parliament, when the num- 
 ber of voters upon the poll amounted to j 12. 
 
 The Honourable Thomas Walpole - 200 
 Sir John Turner, Bart. - 174. 
 
 Crifp Molineaux, Efq. - 159 
 
 The harbour is about the breadth of the Thames 
 above bridge, and is capable of containing zoo fail of 
 Ihips : The fpring tides flow more than twenty feet 
 perpendicular if a north-eaft wind accompanies, and 
 fometimes force the (hips in the harbour from their 
 moorings, tho' ten miles diftant from the fea. This 
 rapid influx of the the tide is very properly called the 
 
 There are no frefli-watej- fprirtgs in this town, but 
 the inhabitants are plentifully fupplied from the Gay- 
 wood river, with that great neceflary of life, by the 
 water -works near the eafl-gate, called Kettle Mill. 
 
 St MARGARET the VIRGIN, being the tute- 
 lary Saint and patronofs of this town, in honour of 
 her ; its arms are three dragons heads, each wounded 
 with a crofs (for flic is faid with a crofs ,to have con- 
 quered a dragon) and its public and common fealiis 
 the effigies of St. Margaret ftandin-g in a triumphal 
 manner, wounding the dragon with.a.crofa, and tread- 
 ing him under-foot, with this infcription round it, 
 Stnt Margarita draco fugit in cruce Itfta. 
 
 The principal church is dedicated to St. MARGA- 
 RET. It wMfirlt built by Hefbert de Lofinga, Bifhop 
 A a of
 
 244 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 of Norwich, about the year MOO, and had a lofty 
 lanthorn in the middle of the crofs aile, and at the 
 weft-end two towers, in one * of which are eight bells : 
 On the other there was a very elegant fpire, which 
 from the foundation was 258 feet high, and equal to 
 the length of the church and chancel ; but this being 
 blown down in the year 1741, and greatly damaging 
 the body of the church, the ruins were entirely taken 
 down, and it was re-built with a nave and 2 large ailes, 
 and is now one of the largeft parochial churches in Eng- 
 land. The breadth to the outfide of the foundation of 
 of the walls, is 130 feet. 
 
 St. NICHOLAS CHAPEL, foppofed to have been 
 built between the years 1327 <md 1377, in the reign 
 of Edward III. is 200 feet long and 78 broad, and it 
 is 170 feet from the foundation to the top of the fpire. 
 The body confifts of a nave and two ailes divided by 
 two rows often neat pillars each, forming acute an- 
 gles at the top. 
 
 Sir Benjamin Keene, many years ambaffador at the 
 court of Madrid, where he died, being a native of this 
 town, was brought from thence, and buried in this cha- 
 pel in 1759, and a very handfome monument of white 
 marble, in the form of an antient urn, with an infcrip- 
 tion, fpecifying his places and employments, which he 
 filled with dignity and honour to his country and him- 
 lelf till the time of his deceafe, is placed over him. 
 
 The THEATRE is very convenient and neat, 
 neither profufely ornamented, nor difguftingly plain, 
 
 and 
 
 * A turret was erefted on the top of this tower, about the year 
 '774-
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 245 
 
 and although not free from faults, yet has none but 
 what refulted from the architect being confined to fill 
 up the (hell of an old building which was raifed for 
 another purpofe. 
 
 The ASSEMBLY - ROOMS are capacious, and 
 handfomely fitted up ; they confift of three on a line. 
 The firft, an old towu hall, 58 by 27, and of a well 
 proporiioned loftinefs, would be a very good ball- 
 room, had it a boarded floor ; but at prefent forms a 
 very noble anti-room. It opens into the ball-room, 
 60 feet by 27, and 22 feet high, which would have 
 been a proper one, if the architect had given his 
 mufic-gallery a hitch backwards ; for at prefent it is 
 a mere flielf ftuck between the chimnies, an eye-fore 
 to the room. If he did it through confinement for 
 want of fpace, he mould undoubtedly have formed his 
 mufic-feats upon the plan of thofe at Almack's, at the 
 end of the room ; they might have waved in a fcroll 
 round the door of the card -room, mingled with 
 branches of candles, which would have been a great 
 ornament. 
 
 The card-room is 27 by 27, and 22 feet high. 
 
 As the three are upon a line, it would have given 
 them an uncommon elegance, had the openings from 
 one into another been in three arches in the centre, 
 fupported by pillars, inftead of the prefent glafs doors, 
 which are mean. 
 
 The eye would then at once have commanded a 
 fuite of 145 feet, which with handfome luftres proper- 
 ly difpofed, would have rendered thefe rooms inferior 
 to few in England. 
 
 A a 2 The
 
 346 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The CHAPEL of St. JAMES, fince the diffo- 
 lutioa of" the priories, being in part demolifhed, and 
 t-ke reft become ru-inous, was rebuilt in the yeac 
 1682, by the liberal benefa&ions of the mayor, bur- 
 gefle?, and principal inhabitants, and converted in- 
 to a workhoule for fifty decayed old men, women, 
 and poor children, where a good endowment and pro- 
 vi/ion is made for their work, inftrudlion and mainte- 
 nance, and for putting the children out to trades. 
 Great additions have lately been made to this place, 
 and it is now the general workhoufe for the whole 
 town. 
 
 In the year 1683, Sir John Turner, Knt. three 
 times mayor here, and many years one of their re- 
 prefentatives in parliament, eredted, at his own ex- 
 pence, a handfome building of free ftooe, with two 
 orders of columns, intending it for an exchange. Up. 
 on the fcccnd floor, in a, nich ia the front, is a ftatue 
 of Kino; Charles II. and within is the cuftom - houfe, 
 fitted up with feveral commodious apartments for that 
 purpofe ; on the platform above is railed an open tur- 
 ret, upon pillars of the Corinthian order, with an ex- 
 change bell therein, being finiflied with an obelifk 
 and bnll, whereon ftands> fame,, inftead of a vreather- 
 cock, the whole berng 90 feet kigh. 
 
 The Tuefdrty market-place, is a fpacious fquar* 
 area of three acres, having on an afcent of four ffeps, 
 a very hancrfomc market *crofs of free ftoirc, of mo- 
 dern archke&are, built ir J/io, adorned with ftatoes. 
 
 and 
 
 The foundation fecms to have given way on the aorth fide, 
 d confcqucntly the building incline! that way.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 247 
 
 and other embellifhments, with a peryilile round be- 
 low, fupported by fixteen pillars of the Ionic order ; 
 as alfo another walk above, encompafled with an iron 
 palifade, enriched with tracery work and foliage, in- 
 clofing a neat octangular room ; the upper part is 
 finifhed with a cupola and turret, wherein hangs the 
 market-bell, the whole being about 70 feet in height. 
 On each fide ftand in a femicircular form, the but- 
 chers fhambles ; arid behind is another building, for 
 a fifh-market. 
 
 . By the fecond charter of King Henry VIII. to this 
 town, in the 29th year of his reign, two Fairs or 
 Marts were granted, one to be held on the 27th of 
 Auguft, this is called the cheefe fair, and is kept in 
 Chequer-ftreet ; the other on the 1 4th of February, 
 which is called the Mart, and is proclaimed for fix 
 days : it is kept in the Tuefday market-place, and 
 is much reforted to by genteel company from moft 
 parts of the county, but the trades-people who at- 
 tend it are not half fo numeroussjas they were thirty 
 years fince. The markets, on Tuefdays and Satur- 
 days, are plentifully fupplied with all kinds of pro- 
 vifions, at reafonable rates. Before the year 1782 
 the Saturday-market was kept in high-ftreet, near St. 
 Margaret's church ; which being found inconvenient, 
 the wall on the north-fide of the church-yard, and the 
 buildings hetween that fide of the church and tht 
 gaol, which contained the butchery, and two larg 
 fchool-rooms, were taken down ; a handfome new but- 
 chery was built clofe to the north-weft corner of the 
 church, and a convenient area left for holding the 
 market, yet fo difficult is it to remove the moft obvi-, 
 A a 3 ras
 
 *$* THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 ous abfurdities, whettfo>ufrded on long eftablifhed cuf- 
 toms, that the market people reluctantly leave tht 
 many incomreftierieies of a market kept in a narrow 
 and dirty ftreet, to enjoy fafety and every neceffary 
 accommodation, in a fituation well adapted to the 
 purpofe. 
 
 The new walk or mall, from the bars by the wbrk- 
 houfe to Gahnock Gates, is about 340 yards long, and 
 eleven yards wide between the quick hedges. At con- 
 venient diftances on each fide of the walk, a recefs is 
 left in the hedge in a femicircnlar form, where ben- 
 ches are fixed, arid twenty people may fit down at 
 a time. Upon a gentle afccnt on the right, is a 
 plantation and fhrubbery, laid out in a plcafing tafte 
 by the late Charles Turner, Efq. on the bottom of this 
 winds a pretty lively ftream of water, which after paf- 
 fing through Lady Bridge, empties itfelf into the Oufe. 
 At the end of Mr. Turner's fhrubbery, is afmall plan- 
 tation of lime trees and Scotch firs intermixed, whence 
 there is a good view of Lynn, and the adjacent vil- 
 lages, where wood, water, modern buildings, and an- 
 cient ruins, are fo happily blended as to form a moll 
 charming proJpefl. 
 
 About half way between the Soiith and Eaft gates, 
 {land the remains of an ancient oratory, an odd fort 
 of building, with feverdl vaults and cavities under 
 ground, over which are fome dark cells for the priefts 
 to take confcfTions in, and above them a fmall cha- 
 pel in the figure of a crofs, arched above, and enrich- 
 ed with carvings ; it is dedicated to the blefied Vir- 
 gin, and commonly called The Lady^s, or The Red 
 Mount, whither the Romifh penitents, in their pil- 
 
 grirnrge
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 249 
 
 grimage to the holy wells and monaflery of our Lady 
 at Walfingham, ufed to refort, and perform their de- 
 votions. 
 
 In this town there have been feveral priories, ora- 
 tories, and religious houfes, which are now demoliih- 
 ed, except a hexagon fteeple of the Grey Friars, near 
 the Workhoufe. 
 
 The fituation of this town, near the fall of the Oufe 
 into the fea, gives it an opportunity of extending ita 
 trade into eight different counties ; fo that it fupplies 
 many considerable cities and towns with heavy goods, 
 not only of our own produce, but imported from 
 abroad. It deals more largely in coals and wine, 
 than any other town in England, except London 
 Briftol, and Newcaftle. In return for thefe articles of 
 merchandife imported, it receives back for exporta- 
 tion the corn produced in the feveral counties which 
 it fupplies. Its foreign trade is very confiderable, 
 efpecially to Holland, Norway, the Baltic, Spain, 
 and Portugal. It has been faid, that the four Nor- 
 folk ports export as much corn as all the reft of Eng- 
 gland. The following extraft, taken from the cuftom- 
 houfe books, at Lynn, is to be confidered as the yearly 
 average which has been exported to foreign markets and 
 coaftways, for the years i?9' 1792, and 1793, which 
 were far from being greatly productive. 
 
 
 Quarters. 
 
 perQr. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 
 
 . S. B, 
 
 L. S. D. 
 
 Wheat, 
 
 301- 16 
 
 4 o 
 
 66035 4 o 
 
 Wheat Flour, 
 
 - 3,38 
 
 16 o 
 
 8786 8 o 
 
 Barley, 
 
 irtfcrt 
 
 4 o 
 
 135532 16 o 
 
 Malt, - 
 
 - IC 7 CJ ? 
 
 o o 
 
 2 1406 o 6 
 
 Rye. 
 
 12298 
 
 5 o 
 
 15372 TO O 
 
 Peiife, - 
 Beans, 
 
 476$ 
 
 8 o 
 
 4 o 
 
 5397 
 5649 12 b 
 
 Vetches, 
 
 73 
 
 10 
 
 109 10 o 
 
 Rape Seed 
 
 2423 
 
 16 o 
 
 AC 6 1 8 o 
 
 2626
 
 2 5 o THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 In the year 1190, a Jew of this town having em- 
 braced the Chriftian Faith, the Levitical Tribe de- 
 termined to aflaflinate him, and meeting him in the 
 ftreet, fet upon him, on which he fled for fancluary 
 to the neareft church, whither they purfued him, and 
 breaking open the doors, attempted to force him 
 away. On this the Town's-men, joined by many 
 foreign mariners, not only refcued him, but purfued 
 the offenders to their houfes, which the foreigners 
 burnt and plundered, and killing fome of the Jews, 
 retreated to their fhips, and immediately fetting fail, 
 carried away the fpoil to their own country. 
 
 Mary Smith was burnt at Lynn, Jan. iz, 1616, for 
 Witchcraft, which me was accufed of having prac- 
 tifed upon various peribns, by means of a vocal con- 
 traft with the Devil. This poor creature, who no 
 doubt was infane, acknowledged the truth ofthefe 
 foolifh accufations. And Alexander Roberts* calling 
 himfelf a preacher of God's word, at King's Linne, 
 in the fame year publiftied a treatife on Witchcraft., 
 in which the ftory of Mary Smith is included. 
 An infallible cure for WITCHCRAFT. 
 
 It is not many years fince an inhabitant of Bo/km 
 in New England, took a fancy to accufe his neigh- 
 bour of Witchcraft, and the crime being clearly proved, 
 the poor culprit fuffered according to Ja.iv. The con- 
 tagion fpread, and their Seflion's-houfe was crowded 
 with Witches, as much as our Old Bailey with Pick- 
 pockets. To the Tribe it brought fees, and fo far 
 was well. But a man having been cheated by his 
 Lawyer, made oath that faid Lawyer was a Wizzard. 
 
 This
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 251 
 
 This was too much, the clan was in danger, The 
 Court had a fpecial meeting, and unanimouily deter- 
 mined, that they would not receive any more informa- 
 tions againft Wizzards. The Bye La\v had the effeft 
 of a charm, and Sorcery was no more. 
 
 In the year 1643 the burgeffes and inhabitants of 
 Lynn, reinforced by the country gentlemen, amount- 
 ing in all to about 5000 men in arms, defended this 
 town agaiiwft i8,coa of the parliamentary forces, 
 under the Earl of Maackeltsr, from the zSth of Au- 
 guft till the i6th of September, when it was furren- 
 dered ; and to preferve it from plunder, was obliged 
 to pay to every foot foldier of his army ten {hillings, 
 and to every foot officer, under the rank of a Captain, 
 a fortnight's pay, amounting in all to 3,200!. after 
 which it was made a garriion town fo* the parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 Preparatory to the reftoration of Charles, II. it was 
 fortified afrefh, by Sir Horatio Townfhend, anceftor 
 to the prefent Marquis Townfhend, of Rainl>ajT>, who 
 was created a Baron by King Charles II. for his loyal 
 fervices, by the ftile and title of Lord Townfhend, 
 of King's Lynn, 
 
 Voltaire, in hi* Effaj on Uoiyerfal Hiftory, ol. 
 iii. pages 182 and i9j, obfcrves, that the firfl who 
 certainly made ufe of the Ccmpaifs, were the Englifti, 
 in the reign of Edward III. WhRt litcle fcience ftill 
 remained wa? confined to Monafteries ; and in a note 
 by the tranflators, at the bottom of page 182, ex- 
 traded from Hackhryt's voyages, we are informed, 
 ihat Nicholas de Leona, or of Lynn> in Norfolk, a 
 
 itancifcan
 
 252 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 francifcan friar, and an excellent mufician, mathema- 
 tician and aftrologer, bred at Oxford, after having 
 applied his (Indies chiefly to aftronomy ; by the help 
 of his *aftrolabe, made five voyages to the North 
 Seas. In the firft he failed from Lynn to Iceland, 
 with company, whom he left on the fea coaft, while he 
 travelled up into the ifland, in fearch of difcoveries. 
 He prefented his charts of the northern feas, at his re- 
 turn, to Edward III. in the year i 360, and they were 
 afterwards made ufe of in the reign of Henry VI. 
 Chaucer had a great efteem for him, filling him 
 Frere Nicholas Linn, a Rev. Clerke. He is laid to 
 have wrote a book of Difcoveries, called In-ventio For- 
 tunattf. He died in the year 1369, and was buried 
 at Lynn. 
 
 Alan of Lynn, a Carmelite Friar, had the induftry 
 to make Indexes to 33 writers, among which was Au- 
 guliin, Anfclm, and Aquinas. He died about 1428. 
 WILLIAM WATTS, M. A. of Caius - college, 
 Cambridge, an admirable critic and divine, was 
 born in this town. Voffius calls him, DofiiJJimus, & 
 dariffimns Watfius, qui optime de Hijioria meruit, &c. 
 He, by his travels became mafter of divers languages ; 
 and at his return was made chaplain to King Charles 
 the Firft, minifter of St. Alban's, Wood-ftreet, in 
 London, and prebendary of Wells ; but being fe- 
 queftered, plundered, and his wife and children turn- 
 ed out of doors, he fled to the King, ferved under 
 
 Prince 
 
 * The Aftrolabe was an inflrumcnt well known to the Ancients, 
 by the help of which they could fleer from one point of the OW 
 Continent to another.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 253 
 
 Prince Rupert, and was in moft of the battles fought 
 with the parliament forces. Upon the declining of the 
 King's caufe, he ftuck ftili to the Prince, and ferved 
 at fea ; till being blocked up with him in the harbour 
 of Kinfale in Ireland, he was overtaken with an in- 
 curable diftemper, of which he died in 1649. He 
 was a confiderable writer, and had a principal hand 
 in Sir Henry Spelman's Gloflary ; and corrected and 
 added notes to and publifhed Matthew Paris's Hif- 
 toria Major in 1640, as alfo divers Treatifes in Eng- 
 lifh, as, the hiftory of Guftavus Adolphus ; Mortifica- 
 tion Apoftolical ; a Treatife of the Paffions, &c. 
 
 THETFORD, 
 
 IS on the great poft road from Norwich to London, 
 twenty-nine miles from the former, and fevnty-nine 
 from the latter. It ftands in an open country, upon the 
 Little Oufe, which is the boundary between the coun- 
 ties of Norfolk and Suffolk, and navigable for fmall 
 craft from hence to Lynn Regis. 
 
 It is the opinion of our moft refpeftable topographi- 
 cal Hiftorians, that the Romans, and after them the 
 Saxons, continued the names of the principal towns 
 of the Ancient Britons, where they found them fuita- 
 ble to their fituation. The Romans called Thetford 
 Sitomaguij which in the Celtic language means the 
 City or Habitation of the Sinones or Sitones, upon 
 the Ford. The Sinones were an ancient people of 
 Gaul ; the Sitones an ancient people of Germany. Ted- 
 ford, Tctfcrd and Tejford, the Saxon names, are evi- 
 dently but fmall variations in fpelling, meaning alike 
 
 The
 
 2 5 4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The Ford, or moil frequented pafTage over the wa- 
 ters, before the ufe of bridges was generally known. 
 The modern name, Thetford, faid to be derived from 
 its fituation upon the river Thet, is undoubtedly a 
 mifnomer, there being no river in the county of that 
 name. 
 
 Thetford very probably was the ancient Sitomagus 
 mentioned by Antoninus in his Itinerary, and even 
 before the Roman invafion, had been famous for the 
 residence of the chiefs of the Britons, but under what 
 name is not known, nor is it very material : The bell 
 towns belonging to the Britons were very obfcure, (as 
 are thofe of all uncivilized people) and liiilory does 
 not furnifh us with any particular account of them. 
 Under the Romans it was the royal city of the Iceni, 
 and during the Saxon domination, the feat of the Eaft 
 Anglian Kings. 
 
 Martin in his hiftory of this place fays, it was a 
 fenced and royal city, from the unfortunate overthrow 
 of Boadicea, to the eftablimment of the Saxon Hep- 
 tarchy in 57 j, when Norwich, Lynn, and Yarmouth 
 were yet in their infancy : But as there have been 
 many doubts on this fubjeft among hiilorians, his ex- 
 ultation feems to be premature ; however, if his 
 honeft zeal and 'partiality for his native place, of 
 wh?ch he was writiug a hiftory, ; Ied him into hafty or 
 erroneous conclufions, it is but fair to let that pafs 
 for granted, which, though we may net implicitly be- 
 lieve, we cannot fatisfadlorily refute. 
 
 Though this town had flourished amidflali the mif- 
 fortunes, occafioned by the furious contentions of the 
 
 .Britons
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 255 
 
 Britons with the Saxon and Danifh invaders : and had 
 twice been deftroyed ; in Edward the Confeflbr's time 
 it ftill contained 947 burgeffes, when Norwich had 
 not more than 1320 perfons of that description ; but 
 owing to caufes with which we are not acquainted, it 
 declined fo rapidly, that at the time of making the 
 Conqueror's Domefday-book, there were only 720 
 burgefles, and 224 houfes were empty ; and in 1088, 
 when Bifhop Herbert removed the See to Norwich, it 
 continued to decay, from which it has never re- 
 covered. 
 
 The town at firft lay wholly on the Suffolk fide of 
 the river, had twenty churches and feveral monafteries, 
 and is fuppofed to have been fortified by the Romans ; 
 this part now contains but few houfes, and on ap- 
 proaching it, a traveller muft be fenfibly ftruck with 
 the veltiges of antiquity which invite his attention 
 on every fide, and point out its once flouriming con- 
 dition : It has now the appearance of a decayed vil- 
 lage. On the Norfolk fide of the river are feveral 
 ftreets conftituting a town of confiderable extent ; in 
 which there are many well-built houfes, but the flreets 
 are ill paved, and it has not by any means a profpe- 
 rous appearance. 
 
 It was a burgh by prefcription only, till the char- 
 ter granted to it by Queen Elizabeth, March 12, 
 1573. The corporation confifts of a mayor, ten al- 
 dermen, and twenty common council, who elect the 
 members, the mayor being the returning officer. The 
 Lent Affixes for the county, are held in its Guild -hail. 
 It has a weekly maket on Saturday, and annual fairs, 
 May 14, Auguft 2, and September 25. The firft re- 
 B b prefentative?
 
 256 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 prcfentatives to parliament for this borough, waj in 
 the firft year of Edward VI. (1547). The arms are 
 a caftle triple towered, on each of the two outermoil 
 towers, a centinal armed with an halbert proper. 
 
 ST\ PETER'S CHURCH ftands OB the Norfolk fide 
 of the river, and is now the principal church. It is 
 built of free-ftone and flint, whence it has the vulgar 
 name of the Black church. It confifts of a chancel, 
 nave and two ailes, the chancel tiled and the reft 
 leaded. Its fquare weft tower is built on arches, open 
 on the north and fouth fide?, which is much cracked, 
 and contains fix bells ; on the largeft is engraved : 
 Nos Thome meritis mereuntur gciudia lucis. 
 
 There are two other churches in the town, but they 
 have nothing in them deferving particular notice. The . 
 names and fituations of twenty churches formerly 
 (landing here, are given in Martin's hiftory. 
 
 On the call fide of -the town ftands the Caftle-hill, 
 which Camden confefled himfelf unable to determine, 
 whether it was the work of the Romans or Saxons ; 
 Martin thought the latter. 
 
 The exterior figure of this work feems to have been 
 a right angled parallelogram with the angles rounded 
 off, its greateft length lying from eaft to weft. It con- 
 fifted of two ramparts, each defended by a ditch. 
 Within thefe, near and parallel to their weft fides, is 
 a high and fteep mount keep, entirely encompafTed 
 by a ditch. Eaft of this mount is a large area or 
 place of arms 300 feet fquare. This mount is about 
 100 feet in height, and the circumference of the bafe 
 984; the diameter meafures 338 feet at its bafe, and 
 3 1 on its fummit, which is difhing or concave up- 
 wards
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 257 
 
 wards of twelve feet below the outer furface, owing 
 probably to its having been once furrounded by a pa- 
 rapet. The flope or ramp of this hill is extremely 
 fteep, forming an angle with the plane of the horizon 
 of more than 40 degrees, and yet no traces remain of 
 any path or itcps for the purpofe of carrying up ma- 
 chinss or any weighty ammunition. The chief en- 
 trance feems to have been on the north fide, where 
 in the fecond or inner rampart, a paffage is fo formed, 
 that troops attempting to enter muft have prefented 
 their flanks to a double line of the garrifcn looking 
 down upon them. Such was, it is prefumed, Its form, 
 when entire. At prefent the whole of the fouth fide 
 is covered with buildings, and towards 'the eaft it 
 has been nearly levelled, and is cut through by the 
 road, only part of the eaft fide, near the north eaf- 
 tern angle remaining. The encloiing ramparts are 
 ftill near 20 feet high, and their ditches at the bot- 
 tom from 60 to 70 feet wide, which considering the 
 double flope of 40 degrees, gives a confiderable width 
 at the creft of the ramparts. The djtch round the 
 mount meafures 41 feet wide at bottom. 
 
 The chief magiftrate found here at the Conqueft, 
 was ftiled a Conful, whence it is fuppofed to have 
 been a Roman town. In the eleventh century it was 
 the See ofaBifhop, and a place of great note, but 
 declined on the tranflation of the See to Norwich ; 
 yet in the reign of Henry VIII. it was a place of 
 fuch confequence as to be made a fuftragan See to 
 Norwich. 
 
 In the reign of James I. an hofpital and a grammar- 
 
 fchool were founded here, by Sir Richard Fulmerfton. 
 
 B b 2 Sir
 
 258 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Sir Jofeph Williamfon, Secretary of .State to King 
 Charles II. built the council- houfe, and gave the cor- 
 poration a fvvord and a rnace. Here is a common 
 gaol, a bridewell and a workhoufe. 
 
 This place has been honoured with the prefence of 
 many of our Sovereigns, particularly Henry I. and II. 
 Queen Elizabeth had a houfe here which (he frequent- 
 ly vifited, and King James I. making it one of his 
 hunting feats, had a palace here, which is Hill called 
 the King's houfe. 
 
 In the church of St. Mary, there was a fociety of 
 religious perfons as early as the reign of King Edward 
 the Confeflbr, if not before: and hither Arfaftus, Bi- 
 Jhop of the Eaft Angles, removed his epifcopal feat 
 from North Elmham, in 1075 but lt continued here 
 only nineteen or twenty years, and then was tranflated 
 to Norwich ; after which, a monaftery for Cluniac 
 monks was built here by Roger Bigod, and made fu- 
 bordinate to the abbey of Cluney in France ; but this 
 houfe and place being found inconvenient, the fame 
 Roger began a moft flately monaftery without the 
 town, and on the other fide of the river, dedicated to 
 the Vfrgin Mary. This monaftery was finiftied in 
 1114, and was made denifon the 5Oth of Edward III. 
 and upon the diflblutton, was found to be endowed 
 with yearly revenues to the amount of 312!. 145. 4d. 
 
 EAST DEREHAM,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 259 
 
 EAST DEREHAM, 
 
 IS one of the neateft and molt populous market towns 
 in the county, delightfully fituated on the eaft fide of 
 a rivulet, and nearly in the centre of Norfolk. It 
 has a weekly market on Friday, and fairs February 3, 
 and September 28. Here is a genteel affembly- 
 houfe. A new butchery was built a few years fmce, 
 and though it may not be handfome, 'tis convenient. 
 At the north end of the market-place ftands a pillar, 
 marking the diitances to moft of the principal towns 
 and feats in the county. 
 
 It has been twice almoft deftroyed by fire, the firfl 
 was on July i, 1581, the fecond July 3, 1681 , when 
 170 houfes were burnt, and the whole lofs was efti- 
 mated at 19,443!. 
 
 The Church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, and has a 
 chapel belonging to it at Hoe. It is a large pile, 
 built in the form of a cathedral ; has a nave, north 
 and fouth ailes, two tranfepts, and chancel, all leaded. 
 There is a tower between the body of the church and 
 the chancel. The fouth porch was built by Roger 
 and Margaret Boton, whofe names are now to be feen 
 in the ftone-work. The font is octangular and very 
 handfome ; on it are carved the reprefentation of our 
 Saviour's crucifixion, and the feven facraments of the 
 Romifli church, below which are eight of the Apoftles 
 at full length, and at the eight corners beneath them, 
 the four evangelifts, and the fymbol of each, namely, 
 an angel, a lien, bull, and eagle. The afcent up to 
 it, is by a double oclagon ; the upper oftagon is cu- 
 B b 3 r ion fly
 
 260 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 rioufly worked in the Gothic tafte ; it was erected in 
 1468, and coft izl. 135. gd. To this ftone font a Go- 
 thic top was added in 1678, ornamented in the tafle 
 of the time, and fupported by four fluted pillars. Be- 
 fore the font, ftands a large brafs eagle, on a pedeftal 
 of the fame, fupported by three fmall lions ; it is gilt, 
 and was formerly ufed as a litany defk. In the mid- 
 dle of the centre aile hangs a brafs branch, with a 
 double circle of candlefticks, twelve in each circle ; 
 it was purchafed in 1738, and coft twenty-five pounds. 
 The church is very handfomely feated, the fronts of 
 the feats towards the middle aile being all panneled 
 wainfcot. Edmund Bonner, L. L. D. and afterwards 
 Bifhop, of flaming memory, was collated to this Rec- 
 tory, by the Bifhop of Ely, in 1534. 
 
 The tower in the middle of the church being 
 thought too weak for the bells, part of it, and the 
 bells were taken down, about 1501, and the large 
 tower (then called the new clocker) in the church- 
 yard, on the fouth fide, and about twenty yards from 
 the chancel, was begun ; it was feveral years in build- 
 ing ; in it is a clock and eight bells. 
 
 At the weft end of the church yard, are the ruins 
 of a very ancient baptiftry, over which was formerly 
 a fmall chapel dedicated to St. Withburga, At the 
 eaft end of this, there is the remains of a curious old 
 Gothic arch, from which runs a fpring of clear water, 
 formerly faid to have had many healing and medici- 
 nal qualities. The fabulous account is, that this 
 fpring took its rife in the church-yard, fiom the place 
 where St. Withburga was firft buried. It was arch- 
 ed
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 261 
 
 ed over and converted into a cold bath in the year 
 1752. 
 
 Here was a famous guild, or fociety of St. With- 
 burga, which had a ftrong brick houfe, called the 
 Guild-hall, where their feafts were kept, and other 
 ceremonies performed. This was pulled down, and 
 a handfome houfe built on its lite by James Smyth, 
 Efq. now of Bradenham. 
 
 S W A F F H A M, 
 
 ONE of the neateft market towns in the county, 
 Hands upon a riling ground, in an open champaign 
 country, on a gravelly foil, contains about 3000 inha- 
 bitants, and is efteemed a very healthy fituation. 
 There are many handfome modern-built gentlemens 
 houfes in it, and a genteel neighbourhood around, 
 which render it a pleafant and defirable retreat. The 
 market-hill is fpacious, and a handfome crofs was a 
 few years fmce eredled on it by the late Earl of 
 Orford. The butter market formerly kept at Down- 
 ham is removed to this place. The market is on Satur- 
 day, and plentifully fupplied with good provisions. 
 The town ftands fo high, that fome of the wells are 
 fifty yards deep. 
 
 The races annually commence about the 2jth or 
 z6th of September, and continue for three days, at 
 which time there is a great meeting of the nobility 
 from Newmarket, and the gentlemen and ladies in 
 the county. There are afiemblies the firft anJ third 
 nights, and frequently a concert of mufic the interme- 
 diate night. An afiembly -room has been built on the 
 
 weft
 
 *62 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 weft fide of the market-hill, in which fubfcription 
 affemblies are held every month. 
 
 In the months of November and March, great 
 courfing matches for greyhounds are held here for a 
 a week. The matches are regularly entered, and 
 the greyhounds names, play or pay, half forfeit, &c. 
 put down in the book, iu the fame order as the run- 
 ning horfes at Newmarket. 
 
 The church was begun about the end of the reign 
 of Edward IV. when the chancel was finifhed, but the 
 church was not completed till the reign of Henry 
 VII. It is built in the form of a cathedral, having 
 a nave, north and fouth ailes, chancel, and two tran- 
 fept chapels, making it in the form of a crofs. It is 
 a very handfome building ; the tower lleeple is 
 particularly light, well proportioned and elegant, fur- 
 mounted with a * turret, erefted in 1777 ; the whole 
 is covered with lead, and built with free-ftone, flint, 
 and brick : The upper part of the nave is coped and 
 embattled ; the fteeple is entirely free-ftone, and em- 
 battled, in which there is a clock and eight bells ; 
 above the water table, and under the battlements are 
 two ftiields, in one of which are the crofs-keys, and io 
 the other, two fwords a-crofs, the emblems of St. Pe- 
 ter and Paul, to whom the church is dedicated. The 
 tower was begun in I 507 and nniftied in 1510. Over 
 the doer ofwhich are feveral niches for images. From 
 the weft door to the entrance into the chancel is about 
 41 yards, and the breadth of the nave, together with 
 
 the 
 
 * The turret is too fmall in proportion to the fteeple, tho' it Is 
 faid to have coft the town near 300!.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 263 
 
 the ailes within the walls, is about 17 yards. The 
 vault of the church, and the fide ailes, are fupported 
 by fine flender pillars, confiiling each of four fmail 
 pilafters joined together, forming fourteen handfome 
 arches, feven on a fide : Over which are twenty-eight 
 neat light windows. The roof is wonderfully beauti- 
 ful, of oak, neatly wrought and carved. 
 
 The north aile and fleeple of this church, are faid 
 to have been built by John Chapman, erroneoufly 
 ftated to have been a travelling tinker, <who *wus en- 
 riched bj a dream. There formerly was the picture 
 of him, with his wife and three children, in ftained 
 glafs, in every window of this aile, with the following 
 infcription running through the bottom of each win- 
 dow : 
 
 Orata pro bono Slatu Johannis Chapman 
 Uxoris fjus, et Liberorumfuorum, quz quidem Johan- 
 nes bane Alam cumfenejiris, tefio ei fieri fecit. 
 
 In this aile a large and lofty gallery is erefled for 
 the fingers ; the afcent is by a ftone flair-cafe in the 
 adjoining wall, the way no doubt to the ancient rood- 
 loft. 
 
 The arch of the chancel, and that at the weft end, 
 are very grand and fpacious, rifing almoft to the 
 fummit of the roof of the church. The chancel is 
 about fifteen yards in length, and feven in breadth, 
 the roof is of oak, fupported by Angels. 
 
 From the moft ancient times there was a vicar un- 
 der the reftor, prefented by him, fo that the redlory 
 was a finecure. -The patronage of the vicarage is in the 
 Bifhop of Norwich. 
 
 CASTLE
 
 264 THE NORFOLK 
 
 CASTLE RISING. 
 
 .SIR HENRY SPELMAN obferves it is a Burgh of 
 fuch antiquity, that the royal Archives and Records 
 give no account of it; and he thought that the Romans 
 had a place of defence here, where fome of their 
 coins had been found, and a Conllantine had been 
 brought to him. That it is the moft ancient Burgh 
 in the county feems evident from its mayor being 
 always called over firft, at the reading of the King's 
 commiflion of the peace before Judges of affize. It 
 was formerly governed by a mayor, recorder, high 
 fteward, twelve aldermen, a fpeakef of the commons, 
 and fifty (fome fay feventy) burgefles. At prefent 
 the corporation confifts of two aldermen only, who al- 
 ternately ferve the office of mayor, and return two 
 members to parliament, the mayor being the return- 
 ing officer. The burgage tenures are the property of 
 the Earls of Suffolk and Orford, and though five or 
 lix names generally appear upon the poll at an elec- 
 tion for members of parliament, it is very doubtful 
 whether there is a fingle legal voter belonging to the 
 burgh, except the Reftor. 
 
 This town, from its vicinity to the Great Oufe, the 
 flatnefs of the adjoining marfhes, the name of a ftreet 
 in it called Haven -gate-lane ; in which a piece of an 
 anchor was dug up fome years ago, and feveral other 
 corroborating evidences, isfuppofed, in ancient times, 
 to have been a fca-port. Tradition the faithful preferver 
 of many a fad which hiftory may have overlooked, de- 
 
 fpifcd,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 265 
 
 fpifed, or forgotten, has handed down to us the two 
 following lines : 
 
 Rifing was a fea -port-town, when Lynn was but a 
 
 marm, 
 
 Now Lynn it is a fea-port town, and Rifing fares 
 the worfe. 
 
 The caflle was built after the grant of the town 
 and lordihip by King William II. to William de Al- 
 bani, that King's pincerna, or butler, and probably 
 by his fon William, the firft Earl of Su.Tex, who died 
 in 1 1 76. It ftands upon a hill, on the fouth fide of the 
 town, whence is a fineprofpeclover land, and an arm of 
 the fea : grent part of the walls of the keep, or inward 
 tower, are ftill Handing, being a Gothic pile, much re- 
 fembling that of Norwich, and little inferior, the walls 
 being about three yards thick, confifting chiefly of 
 free-ftone with iron or car-ftone, encompafied with a 
 great circular ditch and bank of earth, on which 
 ftood alfo a ftrotig ftonewall. The ditch, now dry, 
 was probably formerly filled with water ; there is but 
 one entrance to it, on the eaft fide, over a ftrong ftone 
 bridge, about thirty paces long, (with a gate-houfe 
 thereon) about eight or nine paces broad, and is fup- 
 ported by one arch. The inward part of the cafHe, 
 or keep, is all in ruins, except one room, where the 
 court - lete of this lordmip is held. No doubt the 
 apartments were grand and fumptuous, when queen 
 Ifabel refilled here, and when the great King Edward 
 III. with his queen and court were often entertained, 
 and lodged here. On the walls which are decaying, 
 having no cover, were towers, or turrets, which the 
 lords of the manors of Hunftanton, Roydon, and the 
 
 Wootons,
 
 2 66 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Woottons, were by their tenures obliged to guard and 
 defend. The compafs of the ditch that inclofes the 
 whole is above one thoufand and eighty paces. 
 
 In this cattle Ifabel, Queen of Edward II, and mo- 
 the rof Edward III. after the death of her favourite, 
 Earl Mortimer, was coufined from 1330 till her 
 death in 1358, where me was vifited by Edward III. 
 and his Queen in 1340, and again by the King, 1344. 
 
 LITTLE WALSINGHAM, 
 
 A CONSIDERABLE market town delightfully fitu- 
 ated on the banks ofanamelefs river, which runs 
 into the fea below Stifkey, at fix or feven miles dif- 
 tance. The grounds on each fide rifing in a bold 
 manner gives the country here an appearance not of- 
 ten to be met with in this county. Mr. Warner's 
 plantation, the abbey and church with a fmall fpire, 
 are fine objefts, prefenting themfelves in different 
 points of view on approaching the town. 
 
 The curioes traveller mould not omit feeing the 
 gardens of the late Henry Lee Warner, Efq. in which 
 are the ruins of an ancient monaftery, and fhrine de- 
 dicated to the Virgin Mary,* and formerly as much 
 frequented as that of Thomas a Becket at Canter- 
 bury. The chapel was built in the year 1061, by 
 Richolde, a noble widow and Lady of that manor, in 
 imitation of the chapel of Nazareth. 
 
 In thofe days of darknefs and fnperftition, when 
 PJ lefts and Monks ruled not only the conferences but 
 
 the 
 * Here are two wells called by her name.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 267 
 
 the purfes of the Laity, then they who had not made 
 a pilgrimage and aa offering ai the mrine of the 
 blefled Virgin of this place, were looked upon as im- 
 pious and irreligious. Era/mus, wl.o had bee.i here, 
 gives the following defcription of it. " The Church 
 " is fplendid and beautiful, but the Virgin dwells 
 *' not in it ; that, out of veneration and refpeft, is 
 ' granted to her Son. She has her church fo con- 
 *< trived as to be on the right hand of her Son ; but 
 f neither in that doth fhe live, the building being 
 " not yet finilhed. In this church there is a fmal! 
 " chapel of wood, into which the pilgrims are ad- 
 " mitted on each fide at a narrow door ; there is but 
 *' little or no light in it, but what proceeds from wax 
 " tapers, yielding a moft pleafant and odoriferous 
 " fmell ; but if you look in, you will fay it is a feat 
 " of the Gods, fo bright and mining it is all over, 
 " witli jewels gold and filver." 
 
 Sir Henry Spelraan tells ns, when he was a 
 child, there was a common tradition, that King 
 Henry VIII. in the fecond yearof his reign, went bare- 
 foot from Earmam to Walfmgham, and offered a 
 necklace of great value to the Virgin Mary ; but in 
 the thirtieth year of the fame reign, Ti.omas Crom- 
 well, then Lord High Chamberlain of England, car- 
 ried her image from hence to Chelfea, where he took 
 care to have it burnt. 
 
 F A K E N H A M, 
 
 IS a neat market town : The market is held on 
 
 Thurfday, where the merchants from Wells conftant- 
 
 C c ly
 
 268 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 ly attend to buy corn of the farmers for exportation. 
 There is a court-houfe, which is now ufed as a fchool, 
 where occafionally concerts of mufic are held : It 
 was intended for a feffions-houfe, the quarter feffions 
 of the peace being formerly held alternately at Fa- 
 kenham and Walfingham, but of late years at Wal- 
 fingham and Holt. 
 
 The church is a large regular pile, having a nave, 
 a north and fouth aile covered with lead, and a 
 chancel covered with tiles ; at the weft-end a tower 
 fteeple with eight bells, and is dedicated to St. Peter. 
 Round the cover of the font is, Orate pro aia Ade 
 Powryte, et Alicie uxoris ejus, et omnium bentfafior, 
 fuor. qui ijlud opus fieri fecerunt in honore Dei cmnifxi- 
 tentis. Amen. On the eight fides of the Hone bafon, 
 or font, are feveral religious emblems, viz. an angel, 
 ox, lion, and eagle, to reprefent the four Evangelifb ; 
 alfo that of the Trinity, a crofs crown of thorns, the 
 King's-arms; alfo on the pillars of it, the Letter H, 
 or L, in an old character, and a crown over it, to re- 
 prefent it as being in the Duchy of Lancafter, or 
 built in the reign of Henry VI. 
 
 HOLT, 
 
 IS a market town, and the principal town in the 
 hundred, pleafantly fituated on rifing ground, and in 
 a fine country, that may juftly be called the garden 
 of Norfolk. The fcenes around, and the profpcfts it 
 commands, are more variegated than in any part of 
 the county. The air is (harp but healthy. There 
 are fome good houfes in it, but the want of water is 
 
 feverely
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 269 
 
 feverely felt, the inhabitants being obliged to fetch it" 
 at fome diftance. The Quarter Seffions of the Peace 
 are held here and at Walfingham alternately, and the 
 Seffions-houfe is ufed as an afTembly-room for the 
 monthly aflemblies. It is 124 miles from London. 
 The market is on Saturday. Great part of this town 
 was deltroyed by fire, on Saturday May the ift. 1708. 
 The church is dedicated to St. Andrew. Before 
 the fire it had a nave, two ailes, a fquare tower, and 
 a fpire fo high as to be a good fea-mark : the chan- 
 cel after this was fitted up for the reception of the 
 parifhicners. 
 
 Sir John Grefham was born in this town in 1507 : 
 He entered into partnerfhip with his brother Sir R. 
 Grefham, an eminent merchant, in London, and 
 ferved trie ofiice of merifF during the year his brother 
 was Lord Mayor, and founded a free-fchool in Holt, 
 which is under the direction of the company of fifh- 
 mongers. He and his brother proje&ed the fcheme 
 of building the Royal Exchange, which was after- 
 wards completed by Sir John, Son of Sir Richard. He 
 died 1556. 
 
 C R O M E R, 
 
 THERE was formerly a town called Shipden, be- 
 twixt this town and the ocean, but the fea has entirely 
 fwallowed up that town, and makes hafly ftrides to- 
 wards devouring Cromer alfo, which now (lands fo 
 near the edge of the cliff, that in the memory of 
 many people now living there, upwards of twenty 
 C c 2 boufes
 
 270 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 houfes have at different times been precipitated into 
 the fea. 
 
 At very low tides there is an appearance of feme- 
 thing, which the fifhermen call Shipden fteeple. It is 
 hardly probable, but that a large tower, whofe foun- 
 dations were an hundred feet perpendicular from the 
 furface of the fca, after being tumbled into it, wi:h 
 the immcnfe body of earth that fupported it, and af- 
 ter being wafhed for many centuries by the waves, 
 muft have been fo {nattered and daflied to pieces, 
 that no remains can be viable. 
 
 There is now no harbour at Cromer, yet a trade 
 is carried on from this place, whence corn is ex- 
 ported, and coals, deals, &c. a;e imported. As the 
 method of trading from the place is carious, we fhall 
 mention it. . 
 
 The veflHs ufed are from 60 to 100 tons burden, 
 few larger : at high water they are laid upon the 
 i beach, and, as foon as the water is fufficiently ebbed, 
 carts are drawn to the fide of the fliip, and the coals 
 are fhot into them, as they are into lighters in other 
 places. The carts carry only half a chaldron at a 
 time, as the read up the cliff is very fteep. In this 
 manner the carts continue working, till the water 
 flows fo high as to wafh the horfes bellies, and float 
 the carts : they can unload fometimes 60 chaldrons in 
 a tide. When the veffel is empty, it floats on a high 
 tide, and continues at a little diftance from the fliore, 
 and is loaded with corn by boats, as they felclom run 
 the hazard of loading them when laid on the beach, 
 left contrary winds fliould prevent their getting off 
 
 with the cargo. 
 
 Robert
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 271 
 
 Robert Bacon a manner of this town difcovered Ice- 
 land, and is faid to have taken the prince of Scot- 
 land, James Stuart, failing to France for education, 
 in the reign of Henry IV. 
 
 THE CHURCH has been a magnificent ftrufture of 
 flint and free-ftone. It was built about the year 1396 : 
 its fteeple, which is 159 feet high, is fquare, and 
 richly ornamented with free-ftone fculpture: the 
 chancel is in *uins. About a mile to the eaft of the 
 town is the light-houfe. Here is a great fifhery 
 for lobfters and crabs, and within the laft few years, 
 a confiderable number of herrings have been taken 
 on the coaft. 
 
 There is a fair on Whitfun Monday, which draws 
 together all the neighbourhood within ten miles. To 
 a mind that can receive pleafure from feeing others 
 pleafed, without defpifing the reafons of their being fo, 
 this is a mofl ftriking fcene ; feveral hundreds of 
 both fexes, and all ages, in their holiday cloaths, are 
 feen from the cliff in boats, which beautifully enliven 
 the fea, whilft fwarms of people who cannot get boats 
 enough to gratify their defire of floating, impatiently 
 wait on the beach, which is covered with them. 
 
 This town is likely to receive coniiderable improve- 
 ments, from its having lately become a fafluonable 
 bathing place. 
 
 A Y L S H A M, 
 Cc 3
 
 272 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 A Y L S H A M, 
 
 THIS .own in t'.;e time ofEdr/ard II. and III. \vas the 
 chief tov.n in i!ie county for the line.; mannfac"hire. 
 But aboot t'lt tiuie o/IIemy VIILiLathad mucL de- 
 cre~fed, and the v/:o!lea Manufeftci-e flourilhed. In 
 t.:e reign of James I. it wc.s f%su)ii| i'br knitters. At 
 
 prefent no ma.i.;fau.e Is carried on. 
 
 o 
 II is a neat market town fiiuated on the river Bure, 
 
 in the moft agreeable part of the county, eleven miles 
 from Norwich, feven from North Walfliam, eleven 
 from Cromer, eleven from Holt, and contains about 
 one hundred and twenty families. The river Bure 
 was made navigable from Coltiftiall to this icwn, for 
 boats of 1 3 tons burden, and drawing two feet four or 
 five inches water. The work was completed in Oc- 
 tober 1779, and coft 600-1 1. 
 
 The Church, dedicated to St. Michael the Arch- 
 Angel, is a noble regular building, and was erefted 
 by John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancafter ; it has a nave, 
 two ailes, two tranfcepts and a chancel adjoining ; a 
 fquare tower with a fmall broach or fpire on the top, 
 an organ, clock, and ten bells ; the porch and the 
 whole building being covered with leaJ. On the 
 fouth window there is a neat painting of the faluta- 
 tion, finimed in 1516. On the font is neatly carved 
 the emblems of the four Evangelifts, the inftruments 
 of the paflion, a crucifix, and the arms of John of 
 Gaunt, Duke of Lancafter, Lord Morley, Bouchier, 
 St. George, and a crofs flore. 
 
 The
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 273 
 
 The county Bridewell flanus near the market- 
 place, and has this curious infcription, cut in wood. 
 God preferve. our. Jupre;::. bed. Kyttg. Henry. Theight. 
 Pray. for. the. good, profperyte. and. aft ate. of. RoLerd. 
 Marjham. and. lone. his. luyfe. the. w/V,';,'. this. 
 bovjfe. they, caiufed. it. be. made. to. the. b:nor. cf. 
 the. toiv.te. be. ihir. qnvick. lives, fines. 1543. 
 
 The free-fchool ftands near the church, it was 
 founded by Robert Jennys, Mayer of Norwich, in 
 1517, and endowed with lol. a year. 
 
 The Market is on Tuefday, and the Fairs are 
 March 23, ana September 26, 
 
 G A Y W O O D, 
 
 IS a village adjoiniag and within a mile of the 
 Borough of Lynn Regis, to the Eaft. This town and 
 Lorcftiip belonged to the Biftiops of the Eaft Angles, 
 in the lime of the Saxons, and was given by fome of 
 their Kings. It continued in the See cf Norwich till 
 it was rranted by an adl of parliament, February the 
 4th, in the 27th year of Kenry VIII. to the Crown, 
 with other of the Bifhop's manors and barony, by way 
 of exchange for the abbey manors and lands belong- 
 ing to the monastery of St. Bennet in the Holme. 
 
 The church is dedicated to St. Faith the Virgin 
 and Martyr ; it confiils of a fquare fteeple of brick, 
 In which there are three bells ; a nave with north 
 and fouta crofs ailes, covered with thatch. It is a 
 Reflory^ and the Tythes amount to 256!. per annum-. 
 The Rev. Samuel Beatniffe was Curate and Rector 
 of this parifh, 55 years, and lies burred in the chancef, 
 
 with the followinj infcription upon his tomb-ftone. 
 
 In
 
 274 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 In Memory of 
 
 The Rev. Samuel Beatniffe, M. A. 
 Who died at Lynn, Auguft 10, 1781, 
 
 In the /9th year of his age. 
 
 Having been Curate, and Rector of this Parifh, 
 
 And Bawfey, 55 years. 
 
 He was benevolent and charitable, 
 
 His mind was cheerful, eafy, and unfufpicious ; 
 
 To all mankind he was juft and friendly, 
 
 And to his relations generous. 
 He lived refpecled, and died lamented. * 
 John de Gray Bifhop of Norwich, built a noble 
 palace in this village in 1210, for himfelf and fuccef- 
 fors : At this time Lynn belonged to the Bifhop of 
 Norwich, which very probably occafioned the Bifhop's 
 building a palace here; and it is worthy of remark, 
 that when King John was at Lynn, and granted the 
 corporation many extenfive privileges, it was upon 
 the exprefs condition, that the provoft, or chief ma- 
 giftrate, fhould at the Bifhop's palace at Gaywood, 
 annually acknowledge himfelf fubjeft to the Bifhop of 
 Norwich. 
 
 There is no edifice now in this village, bearing 
 marks of fuch high antiquity, and it is difficult to 
 guefs in what part of the town it flood, unlefs it was 
 on the fite of what is now called Gaywood-hall, which 
 
 is 
 
 * If faftidious criticifm /nould difcover, that too much is here 
 faid of an obfcure village, 1 and an obfcure man, let gratitude be per- 
 mitted to make the following reply. The Compiler of this hum- 
 ble performance, here fpcnt a great part of his early years, and be- 
 ing the adopted fon of this worthy mzn t pays this fmall tribute to 
 his memory.
 
 TKE NORFOLK TOUR. 275 
 
 i: furrowed J} a ve;y '~r<;e and deep moat or v/2t 
 di:ch, aid ra.npai-:s, ce.uuiiy of:. mo<.le/n -ate, ar.J 
 r/liicli co:!.i never b 2 raacb ibi- any othe/ purpoie thau 
 tha; of de^nce ; p. ;e// co. n:c.i and necefiary p;-;> 
 caution, v/nea the g.-ea: 2..ro is cf the ki.?vdoi.i f.;- 
 queitly took up a,;ns agai .1. their Sovereign, or 
 againft each other. For pe::y lyr.- its then acknow- 
 ledged r.o law b^yo.id the poinc o" z. .'.vo/d^ c^- :"ue 
 flight of an arrow. 
 
 About forty years ago there v/as an oa ? : tree of 
 extraordbaiy fize /lancing- at the ent:a-ce thrc' the 
 rampart on the nc/ih fide of tlvs hall ; it v.nsruite 
 hollow, and haJ a table in the middle, rcunii ;.hicu 
 eight or ten people rnigat conve;iient!y fit. 
 
 In 1684 the militia of ihe county were re.;e ed ia 
 compliment to Charles Jl'sfprefence, '//j /a/V " O 
 *' Gayvjood Green," but ';here being no place in tl;e 
 village now known by that name, leads us to con- 
 jeJiiire, that the review was upon Scyer's ma;(h, afi;>e 
 common belonging to this town, end bc;\vesn it and 
 Lynn to the fouth, where the Weftern Ba:tallo:i was 
 reviewed by the late Lord Orfbrd in 1759, prevhui 
 to being called out into actual fervice. 
 
 There are aLoat 300 inhabitants in this vilbre j 
 the land is not inferior to any in the counly, ar.u Iet 
 at from 255. to 3!. per acre, bet the village has not by 
 any means that cheerful appearance which k bore 40 
 years ago ; this perhaps has been occaiioned by the 
 great advance of rer.ts, which in gcnerd are fo high 
 as to keep the little farmers wretchedly poor. 
 
 In Reffley wood in this parilh, there is a fine fpring 
 
 of
 
 276 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 of Chalybeat water, which upon being taken into a 
 bafon has a black and dirty colour, but on mixing it 
 with fpirits, becomes quite clear, and is of a pleafant 
 flavor. This is a kind of Vauxhall to the inhabi- 
 tants of Lynn, who refort here in great numbers dur- 
 ing the fummer feafon. 
 
 A confiderable Fair is held at Gaywood, on the 
 22d and 2$d of June. 
 
 St. BENNET in the HOLME, 
 
 THAT is in the River Ifland." Canute, the 
 Danifh King of England, returning from Rome, found- 
 ed a monaftery in a fenny place, called Cowholm, and 
 fometimes Calvefcroft ; where before the Danes came 
 into England, one Sweman an Hermit, with others 
 his brethren, lived about fifty years ; whofe fucceflbrs, 
 the Hermits of this place, being flain in the Danifh 
 perfecution, occafioned King Canute, to expiate his 
 countrymens' murthering them, to begin the founda- 
 tion of this monaftery, which was then dedicated to 
 St. Benedict, and endowed by him, anl his fucceffor 
 Edward the Confefibr, with great privileges and re- 
 venues. It was afterwards fo ftrongly fortified by the 
 monks, that it looked more like a caftle than a cloif- 
 ter. It was befieged by William the Conqueror in 
 vain, till a monk betrayed it on condition that he 
 fhould be made abbot ; which he accordingly was ; 
 but (hortly after the King ordered this new * abbot to 
 
 be 
 
 * Barber's MS. fays that this Abbot, whofe name was Ethel- 
 wold or Elewold, fled into Denmark to efcapc the fury of William 
 the Conqueror.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 277 
 
 be hanged for a traitor, and thus he received the juft 
 reward for his treachery. The lands were valued on 
 the diflblution of the monafteries, the 26th of Henry 
 VIII. at fix hundred and fixty-feven pounds, nine 
 Shillings and eight-pence, per ann. which lands, be- 
 ing a little before the diflblution exchanged for thofe 
 belonging to the See of Norwich, the Bifnops of Nor- 
 wich for this reafon, are at this day privileged to chal- 
 lenge the title of abbot of Holme, and, may according- 
 ly fo ftile themfelves. What remains at prefent of the 
 buildings of this monaftery is very little, the church, &:c. 
 being all entirely deftroyed, except fome part of the old 
 gate-houfe : However fince the publifhers of the Mo- 
 nafticon have met with a Draught or Reprefentation 
 of the church in a manufcript in the Cottonian Li- 
 brary, and printed it there, T (hall refer the reader to 
 that work; whereby he will be able to guefs at the 
 nature of the fabric. See Monafticon Anglicanum. 
 Vol. r. p. 282. 
 
 The greater part of the preceding, and the follow- 
 ing account of St. Bennet's Monaftery is extracted 
 from a MS. of Mr. T. Barber, late of the Cuftom- 
 houfe, Yarmouth, to which he had fubjoined a com- 
 plete lift of the Abbots to the diflblution, but it be- 
 ing too long to be inferted here, we hall feleft fome 
 remarkable pafiages only. 
 
 William Rugge, alias Repfe, or Reppes, (the 
 fortieth Abbot of this place) D. D. and Fellow of 
 Gonvill Hall, in Cambridge, and fon of Wm. Rugge, 
 of North Repps in this county, was made Abbot April 
 26, 1530. Six years after which being promoted by 
 King Henry VIII. to the See of Norwich, he by 
 
 virtue
 
 * 7 8 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 virtue of 2 private a& of parliament, parted with all 
 tl.e lands of his Eifticpric (except tlie fite of his 
 Epifcopal palace in Norwich) to the King, by 'way 
 of exchange for the revenues belonging 10 the Abbey 
 of Holme, and priory of Hickling ; winch laft being 
 foon after alienated by him, the whole income fmce 
 his time appertaining to tlie See of Norwich, has 
 been only the Eftate of Holme monafxery, which his 
 fucce.Tors ftill enjoy, according to the purport of the 
 faid acl ; which continuing unrepealed gave occaficn 
 to Bifliop Richard Montague, temp. Caroli primi, to 
 fubfciibe liimfeL" in his leafes executed before the 
 great rebellion, Richard by divine permiffion Lord 
 Bifhop of Norwich, and head Abbot of St. Benedict's 
 de Hulm. But to return to Bifliop Rugge, alias 
 Repps ; he died anno 1550, September z\, and was 
 buried in the middle of the cathedral church of Nor- 
 wich, having been deprived by order of King Edward 
 VI. 0:1 January 31, preceding, notwithstanding he had 
 been ?. zealous ftickler for the King's Supremacy, and 
 influenced his Convent, 21 in number, tofubfcribe to 
 the fame r.nno 1534. Two yeurs before this mona- 
 ftery was annexed to the See of Norwich, by a& of 
 parliament as afcrefaid, whic!. limited the Bi (hops of 
 Norwich before the reformation took place, to main- 
 tain only a prior and twelve rr.onk: ; all which were 
 fo well provided for before the year 1553 ; that not 
 the leaft fum remained payable out of the abbey, ei- 
 ther in pennons or otherwife at that time. Willis's 
 inhered a'ubys, v. i.p. 118. 
 
 The exchange of the lands of the Bifhopric, with 
 tbofe of St. Sennet's Holme and Hickling, was made
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 279 
 
 February 4,27th, Henry VIII. at which time Abbot 
 Repps was nominated to the See of Norwich, though 
 not ele&ed till May following. 
 
 Bifhop Repps, alienated from the Bifhopric, not 
 only the priory of Hickling, but many good manors 
 belonging to the abbey, fome by abfolute gift, others 
 upon trifling exchanges, and made long leafes, fo 
 that at laft he was unable to maintain the State of the 
 Bimopric, and forced to refign, with a penfion of 200 
 marks, (as I have fomewhere met with.) 'Tis cer- 
 tain he was not deprived, becaufe in the patent of 
 commiffion of John Hopton, the Bimopric is faid to 
 be void by the refignation of William the laft Bi- 
 fhop. The porter or fome fervant of the Biihop, is 
 faid to have made a copy of verfes, beginning thus, 
 
 Poor Will, thou rugged art, and ragged all, 
 Thy abbey cannot blefs thee in fuch Fame ; 
 
 To keep a palace, ftate, and lordly hall, 
 
 When gone is thence what fliou'd maintain . 
 the fame, &c. 
 
 When the Bifhops of Norwich were freed from 
 maintaining the prior and twelve monks, is not known ; 
 'Tis no wonder any of them are not in the penfion 
 Bimopric, anno 1553, becaufe if any then remained 
 unprovided for, they were fupported out of the Bi- 
 mopric, and not from the Crown. 
 
 Bifhop Repps lived at St. Bennet's, for I havefeen 
 proceffes or citations, to call perfons before him or 
 his Auditor, Caufar in capella J'ancti Sal<vc.tori infra, 
 manerium noftrum de Hulmo j and fometimes, in Ca- 
 pella Janfti maries infra manerium noftrutn de Huimo, 
 D d 1547.
 
 2 8o THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 154?, However,, in his or the fucceeding BifliopV 
 time, the abbey was differed entirely to fall to ruin. 
 Bifhop Jagon fued the admin iftratrix o Bifhop Red- 
 man for 3,161!. dilapidations about the monaflery ; 
 but it had been done fo long that he recovered no- 
 thing. 
 
 Bifhop Freake repaired a handfome hall or grange 
 called Ludham-haU, built by the Abbot Martin, anno 
 1450, about a mile from the abbey, in,a better fitua- 
 tion, which was the country feat, and indeed chief 
 place of refidence of all the fucceeding Bifhops, who., 
 had here round them abcut 300 or 400!. per ann. dor 
 mains, with all forts of meats, vcnifon, wild fowls, 
 rabbits and fifh in great plenty, of their own ; and there- 
 by were enabled, to live honourably and hofpitably, 
 till Bifhop Montague came, who leafed it out upon 
 lives to provide for his family ; fmce which the Bi- 
 fhops have refided at Norwich. 
 
 The ground in the Ifland of St. Bennet in the 
 Holme is fo fenny, that if the little firings and roots 
 of the fhrubs in it are cut they will fwim upon the 
 water ; and it has been conjectured from the cockles 
 now and then dug up there, that the fea has formerly 
 broken in fo far. The river Thyne or Thyrn joins 
 the Yare near Clipfby, forming a kind or peninfula 
 called Fiegg, where the foil is very rich and fruitful. 
 It is in this part of the county that the Danes are uip- 
 pofed to have firft fettled, both becaufe it is nearefl 
 their landing, and being nearly furroixnded with 
 water, is pretty well fortified by nature ; and alfb, 
 becaufe in that litde ccnapafs o?" ground we find 13 
 villages ending in by, a Daniih word, at tiie end of a 
 
 name,
 
 TITE NO'RFO-LK TOUR. 281 
 
 name , fignifying a village or dwelling-place, hence our 
 by- laws in England come to fignify fuch laws as are 
 peculiar to each town, village, corporate body, or fo- 
 ckty. 
 
 CONCISE. REMARKS ON T V HE, COUNTY. 
 
 According to the Roman divifion ofEngland, Nor- 
 folk was part of the Iceni. -In the Saxon divifion it 
 made a part of the kingdom of the Eaft Angles. It 
 is called Simeui by Ptolemy only, who moft certainly 
 means the fame country by it, as other authors by 
 the Iceni. This appears from the filiation he has 
 afcribed to it after Cattieuchlani, and having the Tri- 
 nobanfes on the Eaft, toward the eftuary of the 
 Thames. The modern name Norfolk, -or Nertkern- 
 folk, is, without queftion, by way of diftinftion from 
 Suffolk, or the Southern-folk. 
 
 Norfolk isamaritine county, nearly of an oval 
 form, and fb furrounded by water, that except at a 
 fm all caufeway, near Lopham, it is an ifland. The 
 Bricifh ocean-forms its boundary on the north and eaft, 
 for near 100 miles: on the fouth it is <Hvi'ded from 
 Suffolk by the river Waveney and Little Oufe. From 
 Yarmouth haven to near Littleport, is about 70 miles, 
 whence the ifle of Ely is its boundary to Gunthorpe 
 fluice, an irregular courfe of 37 miles : Crofs-keys 
 wa(h divides it from the county of Lincoln. 
 
 According to Sir Henry Spelman, it lies between jz 
 deg. 28 min. and 53 deg. 3 min. of north latitude, 
 and between 13 deg. and i deg. 42 minutes of Eaft 
 longitude : being 63 miles long from Yarmouth to 
 Wilbeach, and about 40 in breadth from the parallel 
 D d 2 of
 
 282 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 of Billingford to Wells ; by the roads it meafures 71 
 miles by 43. Its circumference is nearly 210 miles, 
 containing an area of (a) 1,148,000 acres, or 1,793! 
 fquare miles, each being 640 acres. It is divided 
 into 33 hundreds, in which are, one city, four burghs, 
 twenty-four market towns, and about 700 (b) villages. 
 In thefe are reckoned 47,780 houfes, and 240,000 in- 
 habitants. It fends 12 members to parliament, has 
 about (c) 6000 county freeholders, and provides 
 960 men to the militia. It lies in the diocefe of Nor- 
 wich, and province of Canterbury ; pays 22 parts of 
 the Land-tax raifed in Great Britain ; to the poor 
 .rate 83,739!. 45. lod. and with refpeft to the general 
 fituation of the kingdom, is accounted to be " in the 
 *' Eaft of England," and Eaft Dereham, near the 
 centre of the county, is 94 miles, north-nor-eaft from 
 London. 
 
 The county, fays Camden, is large and almoft all 
 champaign, except in fome places where there arife 
 gentle hills. 'Tis very rich, well ftored with flocks 
 of iheep, and abounds .with rabbits. The foil is dif- 
 ferent according to the feveral quarters ; in fome 
 places fat, lufcious and full of moifture, as in Marfh- 
 land and Flegg ; in ethers, efpecially to the Weft, 
 
 it 
 
 (a) Hence it appears to be in magnitude, nearly one thirty- fifth 
 part of England. 
 
 (b) The Index to the poll-book, published in 1768, makes them 
 716, exclusive of the city and county of Norwich. By the lift at the 
 end of this book, they amount to 728. 
 
 (c) In the great conteftcd election for Knights of the Shire in 
 1734, the Freeholders upon the poll amounted to 6,301, in 1786, 
 they were 5,568,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 283 
 
 it is poor, lean, and fandy ; and in others clayey, 
 and chalky. The foil is more various than perhaps 
 that of any other county, and comprehends all the 
 forts that are to be found in the ifland ; arable, paf- 
 ture, meadow, wood-lands, Vght fandy ground, deep 
 days, heaths and fens. 
 
 What Camden advances in general terms, on the 
 foil and produce of the county, was written more than 
 two centuries ago ; fince which the improved ftate of 
 agriculture has made fuch changes, that we hope it 
 will be acceptable to our readers to be informed what 
 Mr. Kent has more particularly faid upon the fame 
 lubjec~b in 1794. His words are The greateft part 
 of the arable land is faady. The prime parts of the 
 county lie north, and north-eaft of Norwich ; which 
 may be denominated a true fandy loam, equal in va- 
 lue to the beft parts of the Auftrian Netherlands, 
 which it refembles. The diftrift fouth and fouth-eaft 
 of Norwich, though chiefly fand, has an occalional 
 mixture of clay, and is, in many parts, wet, and 
 full of Iprings ; but yet this part is fruitful, though 
 in a lefs degree than the former.. 
 
 The largeft proportion of the county lies weft and 
 north-weft of Norwich. There is fome very good 
 land in different parts of this diftridl ; but upon the 
 whole, it is very inferior to the two precedin-g. This 
 is called Weft Norfolk; and on account of the three 
 great houfes, Houghton, Holkham, and Rainham, is 
 the part which ftrangers are moft acquainted with. 
 
 The part of the county lying fouth-weft of Norwich, 
 
 runs upon a dill lighter fand ; fo light, that in. the hun- 
 
 Dd 3 dred
 
 284 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 dred of Greenhoe, the fand very often, in a high wind, 
 drifts from one parifh to another. Here are the great 
 rabbit warrens. 
 
 Marfliland may be confidered as a hundred by it- 
 felf. The foil is a rich ooze, evidently gained from 
 the fea ; the north part is highly productive ; but the 
 fouth part very much injured for want of a better 
 drainage. 
 
 The air on the fea coafl is in general {harp and 
 healthy, in the hundreds of E aft and Weft Flegg damp 
 and unwholefome, at Lynn and in Marfhland cold, 
 damp, gloomy, and aguifh, fo that when a ftranger 
 comes to live in Marfhland, and gets the ague, which 
 he feldom efcapes, he is faid to be arrejled by the 
 bailiff of Ma.rjbla.nd, The inland part of the county 
 is extremely pleafant and falubrious. On the whole, 
 the people of Norfolk have long been celebrated for 
 their activity, healthy conftitution, fubtlety, and 
 fharpnefs of wit, which Camden reproached them 
 with turning to one of the worft of purpofes, that of 
 harafllng each other with petty law fuits. If this 
 reproach were well founded in CamJen's time, we be- 
 lieve it to be no longer applicable, and that no county 
 in England, of equal extent and opulence, prefents 
 fewer inftances of this kind. Perhaps the inhabitants 
 have difcovered, that he who goes to law on frivolous 
 and vexatious occafions, gratifies his refentment at the 
 expence of his purfe, and th* injury of his reputation. 
 
 The Diocefe of Norwich comprehends the counties 
 of Norfolk and Suffolk, and a few parifhes in Cam- 
 bridgefhire, excepting Emneth in Freebridge-Marfh- 
 
 land,
 
 8 }>' 
 
 i 4 J 
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 285 
 
 land, which belongs to the Bifliopric of Ely; Had- 
 leigh, Monks-Illeigh, and Moulton, in Suffolk, as pe- 
 culiars to the Archbifhop of Canterbury, and Freken- 
 ham, to the See of Rochefter. 
 
 It is divided into four Archdeaconries, and thofe 
 fub-divided into deanries, parifhes, parochial bene- 
 fices, and medieties. 
 
 Archdeaconries Deanries Parijbes, &c. 
 
 Norwich 13 365 
 
 Norfolk - - 12 468 
 
 Sudbury 
 Suffolk - 
 
 The number of eftablifhed Clergy refident within 
 the Diocefe of Norwich, as calculated in 1772, was: 
 Of the beneficed Clergy, about 550. 
 Curates not beneficed, about 150. 
 The county has the greateft number of parifh 
 churches of any in the three kingdoms, and if, as be- 
 fore has been ftated, it contains 1793^- fquare miles, 
 or 1,148,000 acres, and 240,000 inhabitants, it is 
 134 perfons to every fquare mile, and one to every 
 three acres and I -third, a population furpafiing any 
 other county in England,' at the fame di (lance from 
 the metropclis : And, it being fuppofed that one per- 
 fon out of every eight or nine, but we will fay, in 
 every ten, is able to bear arms, the county and city 
 
 have 24,000 men fo qualified The mufler-roll in 
 
 1574 contained 8,240 names; whence it appears, 
 that within 225 years, the defenfive power of the 
 
 county
 
 286 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 county is increafed in nearly a threefold propor- 
 tion. 
 
 The civil government of the county is in the High- 
 Sheriff for the time being. He is annually appoint- 
 ed by the King, and prefides at the affixes, and other 
 county meetings. The Lent Affizcs are held at 
 Thetford in March, and the Summer Affixes at Nor- 
 wich, in Auguft. 
 
 The military and marine government of this 
 county is committed to the care of a Lord-Lieutenant 
 and Vice-Admiral, who is alfo Cuftos Rotulorum. 
 The Lord-Lieutenant is the locum letuns of the King, 
 and, as his Vice-roy, governs in the county. It is 
 an office of great diftindion, appointed by the King 
 for managing the {landing militia in the county, and 
 all military affairs therein. He has the power of com- 
 miffioning all officers in the militia, (his Majefty's 
 approbation as a mere matter of form, being ob- 
 tained) ; he appoints the Deputy-Lieutenants, whofe 
 names muft alfo be prefented by the King. As Cuftos 
 Rotulorum, he puts fuch gentlemen as are properly 
 qualified, into thecommiffion of the peace, and is fup- 
 pofed to have cuftody of the rolls, or records of the 
 Seffions of peace. In both thefe capacities he ap- 
 pears rather a Miniftcr than a Judge, though he is, 
 in his own perfbn, a Juitice of Peace and Quorum. 
 Lord - Lieutenants of counties were firft inftituted 
 July 24, 1549. 
 
 The county hath the honour of having raifcd the 
 the firft battalion of militia, which marched out of 
 
 the
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 287 
 
 the county, and did duty at Hilfea-barracks, near 
 Portfmouth in 1759. 
 
 There were feventy-feven monafleries and religious 
 houfes in Norwich and the county of Norfolk, at the 
 time of the general diflblution by Henry VIII. in the 
 year 1535. It is obferved that ecclefiaftical colleges 
 are always in the moft pleafant and fruitful places : 
 While the world allowed the IVJc^nks their choice, it 
 is furely no difhonour that they chofe well. 
 
 There are in Norfolk mere rejldent proprietors of 
 400!. a year, landed eftate, than in any other county 
 in England. 
 
 The Quarter-feffions for the county are held in the 
 Shire-houfe, on the Caftle-hill of Norwich, in Janu- 
 ary, April, July and Odlober. The fummer Aflizes, 
 monthly county courts, and the various county meet- 
 ings are alfo held in the Shire-houfe, and the county 
 elections, upon the Caftle-hill. 
 
 The roads are naturally fo good, that when King 
 Charles was here in 1671,* he faid, the county ihould 
 be cut into ftrips to make roads for the reft of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 * At that time there was not a fingle Turnpike Road in the 
 county. 
 
 TURNPIKE
 
 a*8 TM'E 'NORiFO-LTC TOU.lt 
 TURNPIKE ROADS IN NORFOLK. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 .From Norwich to Thetford 29 
 
 Norwich to Swaffham ' - '43. 28 
 
 And to Mattifhall 4 
 
 Weft Bilney to Lynn g 
 
 Norwich to Yarmouth :-A -R; --' 22 
 
 St. Ola^e.'s Bridge to Beccles - 8 
 
 Lynn to Gay ton ' iu*:,3: b QJ 7 
 
 Lynn to Caftle Riling - 5 
 
 And to Hillington .4 
 
 To Grimfton - - $ 
 
 Ditto to Methwold - - 19 
 
 And to Little Oufe Bridge - 14 
 
 Ditto to Wifbeaeh JfeS. iw t ~^- 17 
 
 f incham to near Wift>each t. Uv 1 7 
 
 Norwich to Scdle Inn ^ -^ftfe^ . 20 
 
 And to New Butkenham ^>- -i 
 
 Ditto to Watton - a* 
 
 Ditto to Ayllhajn - 1 1 
 
 Mr. Kent has dated the value of the fuperabundant 
 produce of the county to be as follows : 
 Corn annually exported _. 901,521 90 
 
 Bullocks, fheep, wool, fwine, rabbits, T 
 
 dairy articles, poultry, game, her- 5- 275,500 o o 
 
 rings, - - J 
 
 1,170021 9 o 
 
 If ten pounds be apportioned for the annual fub- 
 fiftance of every human being, one with another, which 
 is acknowledged to be a liberal allowance, it follows, 
 that the county fends out a foreign fupply for up- 
 wards
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 28-9- 
 
 wards of 1 17,000 perfons ; and as the foil of Norfolk 
 is far from being naturally good, it muft, undoubted- 
 Iy> be tb art and induftry, that this great fource of 
 treafure is to be aforibed. 
 
 The inhabitants of Norfolk are ratherbelow the mid- 
 dle ftature,of a clear complexion', an aftive, induftrious, 
 enterprifing difpofition, and particularly fldlful in 
 agriculture. Its extenfrve fea coaft and inland navi- 
 gation, furniih 6000 experienced and hardy failors : 
 the worft parts of the county, a prodigious number of 
 rabbits, and every part 'of it excellent mutton, and 
 the beft turk-ies in England. 
 
 The extenfive culture of turnips as now pra&ifed 
 in Norfolk, for the purpofe of fattening bullocks, was 
 introduced into the county by Charles, Vifcount 
 Townfhend, who brought it from Hanover in the year 
 1715, and firft tried it upon the light lands in the 
 vicinity of Rainham. In- 1727 it was very general 
 in that part of the country, and has fince become the 
 bafis of the Norfolk Hufbandry. For the various 
 fpecies, culture, and application of this moft ufeful 
 plant, we refer our readers to Marshall's Rural (Eco- 
 nomy of Norfolk, vol. I. p. 2 $6 to 298. 
 
 LIST OF RARE NORFOLK PLANTS. 
 
 VERONICA TRI PHYLLOS, Trifa. Speedwell. Near 
 Cockley Cley; it grows in Suffolk, and is a very 
 rare plant in other counties of 1 ngland. 
 
 UT RICULARIA MINOR, Leffer-hoodgd Milfoil. St. 
 Faith's Newton Bogs, near Norwich. 
 
 SCHOENU*
 
 290 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 SCHOENUS cOMRESsvs,Comprefe</og-ru/b. St. 
 Faith's Bogs, and near Ditchingham Bath. 
 
 SCIRPUS PAUCIFLORUS, Fl. Scot, Little choco- 
 late beaded Club-rujb. Poringland heath and Elling- 
 ham fen. 
 
 SCIRPUS SYLVATICUS, Wood Club-rujh. Dit- 
 chingham. 
 
 ERIOPHORUM VAGINATUM, Harems-tail rujh. 
 Bawfey Bottom, near Lynn. 
 
 PHALARIS ARENARIA, Fl. Ang. or PHLEUM 
 ARENARIUM, Lin. Sea Canary-graj's. On Yar- 
 mouth Downs, and likewife near Swaffham, far from 
 the Sea. 
 
 PHALU.IS PHLEOIDES, Lin. Cat's-tail Canary- 
 grafs. Firft difcovered in Great Britain in 1780, 
 near Swaffham. 
 
 ALOTECURUS VENTRICOSUS, Fl. Ang. MILIUM 
 LENDiGERUM,Lin. Panic fox-tail grafs. Gillingham 
 cornfields. 
 
 AIRA SETACCA, Fl. Ang. Mountain bair-grafs. 
 Stratton Strawlefs Heath. 
 
 Po A ANGUSTIFOLIA, Norro'w leawd MeadoiK- 
 grafs. On the walls of Caftle Rifing Caftle. 
 
 ^EciLOPS INCURVA, Sea bard-grnjs. Yarmouth 
 Downs. 
 
 ELYMHS ARENARIUS, Sea lime-grnfs. On the 
 Norfolk coaft. 
 
 TILL^A MUSCOSA, Procumbent Ttllea. Dry 
 Heaths in Norfolk and Suffolk, and as yet not noticed 
 in any ::ther county of England. 
 
 HOLESTBUM UMBEtLATUM, Lin. CERAST1VM 
 
 UMBELLATUM, Fl. Ang. Umbelliferous Chick-weed. 
 
 Originally
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 291 
 
 Originally found at Norwich, fince at Bury, but no 
 where elfe in England, as yet known. 
 
 GALIUM ANCLICUM, Small Ladies bed-Jlraw^r 
 Coofe-grafs. On the walls of Binham Church. 
 
 As FERULA CY N A N CH l c A, Squinaricy - nvorf. 
 'Swaffham Heath. 
 
 AN CHUSA SEMPERVIRENS, Evergreen Alkdnet. 
 About Norwich plentifully, but rare in the county. 
 
 VERBASUM LYCHNITIS, VAR. /?. Fl. Ang.ffoary 
 yellow Mullim. It has been noted for growing about 
 Norwich in great abundance for many years back ; it is 
 not uncommon likewife in the county. It grows alfo 
 at Bury, and Wollerton in Northamptonfhire, is men- 
 tioned by Ray, otherwife this beautiful plant feems 
 fo be claimed by Norfolk and Suffolk alone, and by 
 the firft in particular. 
 
 GENTIANA PNEUMONANTHB, Marjb Gentian, 
 or Calathian Violet. Stratton Heath near Norwich ; 
 the intelligence of its growing there was firft commu- 
 nicated to the world, by the late Mr. Stillingfleet. 
 
 BUPI.EURUM TENUISSIMUM, Lea/} Hare's-Ear. 
 Near Cley and Lynn. 
 
 SELIKUM PALUSTRE, Marjh Selinum. Very 
 near Norwich, and in many places in Norfolk. This 
 plant was not known to be Englifh by Mr. Ray. 
 
 OENANTHE PIMPINELLOIDES, Par/ley 'water 
 Drop-wort. Marlhes near Yarmouth, and but of late 
 known to be a native of Norfolk at all. 
 
 CICUTA VIROSA, Long leaded water Hemlock . 
 This very poifonous plant grows very near Norwich, 
 and in many places in the county. 
 
 STATICE RETICULATA, Malted Sea - Lavender. 
 E e Norfo'k
 
 * 9 2 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Norfolk alone has the honour o/pipdjifing this plant 
 on its fea fhore, viz. at WelJs Bhksvey and Cley ; it 
 was not known to Mr. Ray, 
 
 MYOSURI/^S JMINJ-M.JJS, Me^le-tail. Si. 
 and Lakenham, near Norwich. 
 
 NARTHECIUM OSSIFRAGUM, Lfatfajbire 
 del. Derfingham MoOJ. 
 
 A c o R u$ C A L A M us,, S-TM<ft Jmellitig FJkg r 
 mut.. It ias been noticed by JSUy iwjiy yeaw back, 
 as ^rowinjj on the rivej Yarc. 
 
 FRANKENIA .L^EV i.s^ Seo-btatb. Near Y ai-.aiottth . 
 RUMES futcntji,, fiddh-dtfb. .In .Norfolk, very 
 common. 
 
 Vjv.cciNiVAi Oxvooc^o^, Cranberries, Dierfing- 
 ham Moor. 
 
 CHRYSOSPLENIUM ALTIRJ* IJSOJ.IUM, x^//<>r- 
 /j^ leaved golden Saxifrage, Pjjrjngland H,eath, -near 
 Norwich. 
 
 PARU ojJADRliiOLlA, Herb Paris, True-tout car 
 one-terry. Rackheath wood, aivd near 
 
 MONOTROPA Hypop.i.yays, Yfllcw 
 Shottifham and Stoke. 
 
 DIANTHUS FK.OLIFER, Proliferous Pink. Near 
 Norwich. 
 
 CUCUBA.L.US OTITJES, Sjxwijk Cumfioa. Near 
 SwafFham. 
 
 ARENARIA TENUIJ-DJ.I A, five leaved Santt- 
 <wort. Near Cley. On Sir Richard Bedingfield's gar- 
 den walls, .at Oxborough. 
 
 S E D W-M A N c 1 1 c u M , Rttgi'jb Steot crop . Norfbl k 
 coaft. 
 
 CH E L I D OJN .1 u M c I A u .c.i v ,M , ydls'w horned fop- 
 . .On the Norfolk coaft.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 293 
 
 CH ELI DONI CM COKfflCirtArtfM &tfYg'R"IDlTM > 
 
 red ami purple homed Poppy f Both difcovered in Nor- 
 folk by Mr. Stillingfleer, srnd fait to Mr. Hud&n, 
 author of the Flora Angles. 
 
 PALAVER H VSR 1 BUM, "Bafiarf Poppy. Near 
 Norwich. 
 
 STfcA-rrtfTES A 10 IBM, Prejh -water Soldier. In 
 Norfolk, very frequent. 
 
 ANEMONE PtrttATiLtA, Pafque Jtower. Lex- 
 ham, at a place called TuITp-Jlills. 
 
 TftrcRiCM CflAMJEoRVs, Common Ger mantles. 
 Norwich city walls. 
 
 MELAMPYRUM ARVENSK, Purple Cow-wheat. 
 Near CofTey and Litcham, arid foftie dther places in 
 Norfolk. This beautiful fpecies appears to be rare 
 in other counties. 
 
 Co C fftfiAArA UANfCA, Danljh S \ur<vy -gra/s. At 
 Wells. 
 
 IHERIS KWOJCAVLIS, llakett rock-crefe. About 
 Norvcich, frequent ; rare in other coandes. 
 
 Ttf R R I T I s% L ABR A, Smooth fower-MuJfai'J. Near 
 Norwich, and has been noticed by Ray, as a fcarce 
 Norfolk plant. 
 
 CRAMBE MARITIM-A, Sea Cokwort. Norfolk 
 coaft. 
 
 GERANIUM SvLrATicuM, Wood Cranes - Bill. 
 Holt wood in Leziate, near Lynn. 
 
 LATHYRUS PALUSTRIS, Mttrjh Latkyrus. AC 
 Ranworth Norfolk. 
 
 HIPPOCREPIS COMOSA, Tufted horfe fioe vetch'. 
 S waff ham Heath. 
 
 TRIFOLITTM ORJTITHOPODIOIDES, BirtTs foot 
 trefoil. Moufliold Heath, Norwich.
 
 294 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 MEDIC A GO FALCATA, Yellow MeJick, or wild 
 Lucern. Been noted for growing in Norfolk, and 
 particularly about Norwich. 
 
 CREPJS FOETIDA, Stinking Crept s, or ba-wk- 
 weed. In the road from Swaffham to Downhim, 
 very /paringly. 
 
 H Y OSERIS MINIMA, Leajl Swine's Succory . Corn- 
 fields near Norwich and New Buckenham. 
 
 HYPOCHJERIS GLABRA, Smooth Hypocb<trit> or 
 hawk-weed. In a field betwixt Norwich and Cofley. 
 
 CARDUUS ACAPLIS, Dwarf Car line Thifile. 
 Dry Heaths and Commons in Norfolk, very fre- 
 quent. 
 
 GNAPHALIUM DIOICUM, Mountain Cat's faot> 
 Stratton Heath, about feven miles from Norwich. 
 
 CINERARIA PALUSTRIS, Marjh flea-bane. Be- 
 twixt Norwich and Yarmouth, efpecially at Acle and 
 Caifter. 
 
 OP.HRYS LOESELII, Dwarf Opbrys A fingle 
 fpecimen of this rare plant was once found at St. 
 Faith's Newton, but it is doubtful whether it can be 
 again found there. 
 
 OPHRYS PALUDOSA, The leaft tiuay-blade. For 
 the honour of Norfolk, this plant was found in 1769, 
 on Felthorpe Bogs, near Norwich, tfce place of its 
 former growth in England, being vejry doubtful. 
 
 CARKX LIMOSA, Marjh Carex. Heydon and St. 
 Faith's Newton Bogs. 
 
 CAKEXSTRIGOSA, Loofe Car ex. Sexton Wood* 
 Bedingham. 
 
 AT RiFLEX PEDUNCULATA, Pedunculated Qracbe* 
 Yarmouth, difcovered about the year 1776. 
 
 Foe
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 295 
 
 For the preceding lift of rare Norfolk plants, we 
 are indebted to an ingenious Botanical Friend, on 
 whofe accuracy and abilities we have reafbn to place 
 the utmoft confidence. Thofe Gentlemen who are de- 
 firous of further information on this curious and 
 faihionable ftudy, we refer to the laft edition of Cam- 
 den's Britannia, vol. z. p. 118 to 122, where the 
 catalogue is extended to more than 700. The firft 
 edition of Camden's Britannia, was publifhed in 1586, 
 in one fmall quarto volume, in Latin. It has often 
 been tranflated into Engliih, and augmented by fiic- 
 ceflive editors, till it has, it may be prefumed, ar^ 
 rived at maturity, under the foftering hand of Mr. 
 Gough, who in 1789 publifhed an editionof it in three 
 ponderous folio volumes ; but, where every thing is put 
 down that comes to hand, good, bad, or indifferent, 
 what we hoped to find confolidated, is fb enveloped and 
 obfcured, by detached fentences, hearfays, conjectures, 
 and difcordant matter, of we know not whom, that 
 in the purfuit to gratify our curiofity, we are forcibly 
 reminded of the adage, ' Tis like fearching for a 
 ' fingle grain of wheat amidft a bufhel of chaff.' 
 
 RIVERS ANI> BROADS. 
 
 THE GREAT OUSE fprings from Brackley ia_ 
 Northamptonlhire, and running through Buckingham, 
 Bedford, Huntingdon, and Cambridgefhire, and di- 
 viding this laft county from Norfolk, pailes by Little- 
 port j through Denver-fluice,. and falls into the Bri- 
 tilh Ocean, about tea miles below Lynn Regis. It is 
 navigable for lighters, from Lynn to Cambridge. 
 
 The WAVENEY rifes at South Lopham in this- 
 
 county, from what is called the Ford, though in fad 
 
 Ee 3. a
 
 2g6 THE ^NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 it is a caufeway of only nine feet in breadth, having 
 a ditch on each fide, in one of which are fprings, the 
 fource of the Waveney, running Eaftward by Scole, 
 Billingford, Harlefton, and Bungay, whence it is na- 
 vigable to Yarmouth, Eeccles, St. Olave's marfh.es, 
 and meeting the the Yare and Bine, near Burgh- 
 caftlc, they empty into the ocean at the fort. The 
 tittle Oufe rifes at South Lopham, and feparating the 
 county from Suffolk on the South-weft, pafTes by Thet- 
 ford, whence it is navigable by the way of Brandon, 
 and joining the Great Oufe at Prieft -bridge, four 
 miles below Little-port, in the Ifle of Ely, pafles on 
 to Lynn The contrary direction of thtfe ftreams, 
 rifing fo near to each other, and the fources of two 
 fuch considerable rivers, is in this part of the country, 
 confidered as a great curiofity. 
 
 The WEN SUM has its fource at Weft Rudham, and. 
 being joined by feveral fmall ftreams in its courfe of 
 near forty miles, pafles through the city of Norwich ; 
 below Trowfe it is joined by the TESIE, and at the 
 upper end of Breydon, by the WAVENEY and 
 BURE,* and difcharges into the Britifh Ocean, at the 
 Fort, two miles South of Yarmouth. 
 
 The BURE rife& near Hindolveftone, and running 
 by Saxthorpe and Buckling, becomes navigable at 
 AyHham, whence pafling Oxnead, Lammas, Coltifhall, 
 and through Wroxham-bridge, and St. Bennet's in 
 the Holme, to Thurne, where it is joined by a river 
 called Thyme, or Thurne ; they pafs through the 
 bridge at Acle, and are navigable to Yarmouth. 
 
 * It has not beep clearly afcertained at what place this river takes 
 the name of YARE. Some have afligned it to its junction with 
 the Tefle, and others, where it meets the Waveney.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 297 
 
 The NENE rifes in Northamptonshire, dividing, 
 that county from Huntingdon, and running through 
 part of Cambridgefhire and Norfolk, pafles through 
 Wifbeach, by Walpole, and falls into the Britifh ocean 
 at Crofs-Keys Wafh, which divides this county from 
 Lincolnfhire. 
 
 TheNAR, rifes at Mileham, and parting Litcham, 
 and Caftleacre, becomes navigable at Weftacre, 
 whence it takes its courfe by Pentney and Setchy- 
 bridge, and falls into the Oufe at Lynn. 
 
 Thefe rivers flowing through a nearly level country, 
 their ftreams are flow, and frequently diffufe them- 
 felves over the lower trafts in their courfe, forming 
 mallow lakes, here called Broads. The principal 
 Broads are Breyden, above Yarmouth, through which 
 the navigable rivers Yare and Waveney, have their 
 channel : It is three miles in length, and in moft 
 parts half a mile wide : Hickling-broad is a beauti- 
 ful ftieet of water, about one mile over ; near to it are 
 feveral fmaller lakes of irregular form ; and about two 
 miles Eaft, is Horfey-broad,. covering forty acres. 
 Near to Stalham is a broad one mile long, but fcarce- 
 ly a furlong wide ; and below it is Barton-broad, of 
 the fame length though much wider towards the mid- 
 dle. Filby-broad extends a mile and a half, but is- 
 {hallow, narrow, and ill-fliapen. Rockland-broad is 
 nearly of a circular form, two miles and a half in cir- 
 cumference. By the- river Bure are feveral broads,, 
 as Wroxham, Hoveton-, Wood-baftwick, Ranworth, 
 and South Walfham, all of which are faid to cover. 
 500 acres. Quidenham, Difs, and Hingham, have 
 each a fmall broad. Thefe broads are plentifully 
 ftored with fifh and water- fowl* '".r-Si
 
 298 
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 KNIGHTS of the SHIRE for the COTTNTY of 
 NORFOLK, from the RESTORATION tv the pre- 
 fent Time, with the Number of VOTES polled at each 
 contend ELECTION. 
 
 i66o. 
 
 
 Mm 
 
 
 Horatio Townfliend, Bart. 
 
 Sir Henry Hobart 
 
 672 
 
 Sir William Doily, Kt. 
 
 
 Sir John Holland 
 
 494 
 
 1668. 
 
 
 Sir Thomas Hare 
 
 3427 
 
 Sir John Hobart 
 
 1740 
 
 Sir Jacob Aftley 
 
 3496 
 
 Sir Roger Kemp 
 Sir NeviJ Catlii* e 
 Sir William. Cke 
 
 2732 
 1,87 
 1743 
 
 1684. 
 Sir Jacob AiHey, Bart. 
 Sir Thomas Hare, Bart. 
 1 Sir Henry Hobart, Bart. 
 
 34^5 
 3416 
 69* 
 
 1670. 
 Sir Roger Kemp 
 
 14J4 
 
 Sir John Holland, Bart. 
 1686. 
 
 410 
 
 Sir John Hobart 
 
 1620 
 
 Sir Henry Hobart 
 
 3027 
 
 Sir Thomas Hare 
 Sir Ncvil Cwlin 
 
 1074 
 1530 
 
 Sir John Holland. 
 Sir James Aftley 
 
 2040 
 
 2002 
 
 167*. 
 
 
 6tt* 
 
 
 Sir John Hobart 
 
 2047 
 
 Sir Henry Hobart, Bart. 
 
 1798 
 
 Sir Peter Glean 
 
 3984 Sir William Coke, Bart. 
 
 '995 
 
 Sir James Aftley 
 
 2996 
 
 Sir Jacob Aftley, Bart. 
 
 1670 
 
 Sir William Coke 
 
 1974 
 
 : ir Roger Potts, Bart. 
 
 "51 
 
 1676. 
 
 
 1690. 
 
 
 Sir John Hobart 
 
 3440 
 
 Sir Henry Hobait 
 
 1370 
 
 Sir Peter Glean 
 
 3412 
 
 Lord Pafton 
 
 780 
 
 Sir Thomas Hart 
 
 
 Sir Jacob Artley 
 
 73* 
 
 Lord Pafton 
 
 "47 
 
 Sir William Coke 
 
 1710 
 
 1678. 
 
 Sir John Hobart 
 Sir James Aftley 
 Sir William Coke 
 
 JI20 
 
 1730 
 
 169,2. 
 
 Sir Henry Hobart 
 Sir John HoMnnd 
 Sir William- Coke 
 
 Lori P-uhm 
 
 1127 
 1-084 
 1059 
 6 5* 
 
 1680. 
 
 
 1696.. 
 
 
 Sir John Hobart, Bart. 
 
 3559 
 
 Cofenel Townftiend 
 
 2004 
 
 Sir Peter Glean, Baru 
 
 3103 
 
 Mr. Walpole- 
 
 1347 
 
 Sir Chrift. Calthorp, Kt. 
 
 2:517 
 
 Sir Jacob Aftley 
 
 
 Sir Nevile Catlin, Kt. 
 
 2549 
 
 LcvdP;.laa 
 
 ICC
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 299 
 
 1699. 
 
 Mr. Townfliend 
 Sir John Holland 
 
 1704. 
 
 Sir John Holland 1702 
 
 Sir Edward Ward, Bart. 2650 
 Sir Jacob Aftley 2681 
 
 Sir William Coke 2662 
 
 1705. 
 
 Sir John Holland, Bart. 
 Afli Wyndham, Efq. 
 
 1708. 
 The fame 
 
 Oft. n, 1710. 
 
 Sir John Wodehoufe, Bart. 3217 
 Sir Jacob Aftley, Bart. 3200 
 Afli Wyndham, Efq. 2783 
 
 Robert Walpole, Efq. 2397 
 
 1713. 
 
 Sir Jacob Aftley, Bart. 
 Sir Edmund Bacon, Bart. 
 
 Feb. 18, 1714. 
 
 Thomas De Grey, Efq. 3183 
 Sir Jacob Aftley, Bart. 3059 
 Sir Ralph Hare, Bart. 2840 
 Erafmus Earle, Efq. 2635 
 
 1722. 
 
 Sir John Hobart, Bart. 
 Thomas Coke, Efq. 
 
 J 7 Z 7- 
 
 Sir Edmund Bacon, Bart. 
 Harbord Harbord, Efq. 
 
 May 22, 1734. 
 
 Sir Edmund Bacon, Bart. 3224 
 Wm. Wodehoufe, Efq. 3153 
 Wm. Morden, Efq. 3147 
 
 Robert Coke, Efq. 3081 
 
 1736. 
 
 Armine Wodehoufe, Efq. VICB 
 Wm, Wodehoufe, Efq. Efec. 
 
 May 13, 1741. 
 Edward Lord Coke, fen of th 
 
 Earl of Leicefter 
 Armine Wodehoufe, Efq. 
 
 '747- 
 
 Hon. George Townfliend 
 Armine Wodehoufe, Efq. 
 
 May 8, 1754. 
 Hon. George Townfliend 
 Armine Wodehoufe, Efq. 
 
 1761. 
 The fame 
 
 1764. 
 Thomas de Grey, Efq; jun: 
 
 Merton, VICE 
 
 The Hon. George Townfliend, 
 now Marquis Townfliend 
 
 March 23, 1768. 
 Sir Edward Aftley, Bart. 4977 
 Thomas de Grey, Efq* 2754 
 Sir A. Wodehoufe, Bart. 2680 
 Wenman Coke, Efq. 2619 
 
 oa. i 774 . 
 
 Sir E. Aftley, Bart. Melton 
 Weman Coke, Efq. Holkham 
 
 May 8, 1776. 
 Thomas William Coke, Efij, 
 
 Holkham, VICE 
 Wenman Coke, Efq. DECEASE* 
 
 Sept. 20, 1780. 
 Sir Edward Aftley, Bart. 
 Thomas William Coke, Efq. 
 
 April 14, 1784. 
 Sir John Wodehoufe, Bart. 
 Sir Edward Aftley, Bart 
 
 June 24, 1790. 
 Sir John Wodehoufe, Bart. 
 Thomas Wm. Coke, Efq.
 
 NORFOLK 
 
 A CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL 
 
 iw THE COUNTY OF 
 SUFFOLK. 
 
 BURY St. EDMUND's, 
 
 IS fituated on the Weft fide of the river Bourne or 
 Lark, which is navigable from Lynn to Fornham St. 
 Martin's, a village about a rnils North of this town. 
 It has a raoft charming inctoftfd 1 Country ort fhe South 
 and Soh*weft, ami en the No'rth and North-weft the 
 moil delicious champaign fields, extending themfelves 
 >o Lynn, and that part of the county of Norfolk. Th* 
 (Mttfity oft the Eaft Is partly open and partly mclofoL 
 It h fa pleafantly fituated, commands 1 /uch an exten- 
 five profpecl, and the air is fo fharp and falobrious, that 
 it is called the MontpeHier of En glands On April 
 the nth 1608, there was a dreadful fire in this town, 
 which dftroyd one hundred and fi*ty dwelling, 
 honfes btffides other buildings, to the value of fhity 
 thoufand pounds. This accident though terrible in 
 itfelf, in all probability was followed by this agreea- 
 ble circumftance, the prefent regularity of the ftrts, 
 which now cut each other at right angle*, aifd the 
 town {landing upon an eafy nfTcnt, greatly contributes 
 to its beauty. 
 
 Leland, the antiquarian - royal of England, who 
 flouriflied in the reign of Henry VIII. arid Edward 
 
 vr. 

 
 NORFOLK TOUR. jpj 
 
 VI. and died in 155*, gives this description of the 
 town and nipnaliery : *' A xyty more neatly feat^d 
 the fun never few, & .cuxiyoufly doth it hang upon 
 41 a geutle define, with a JitUe r.iyer on the Ea# 
 *' ifide j nor a wonajftery uiorguoWe, whe&er one CQH- 
 4Urgeoafe, pr ju,npaf alibied 
 Onf might . 
 
 " tery alottp ,a city^ fp wasy g^tes is has 
 whereof aj^ i>r^J&) ft) jj^py towers, 
 ^' -tlon which noting san ,be woce (m^gjoi^cent j as 
 " ^ppend^^iowhich^jth^re are 
 " juble txeaiity.jmd ffiQfifcpianjfeif 
 " yard." ; Now tbe^re .^re ,tx,t 
 St. Mary's and J. J,aHis's and the .ruias of St. Ed- 
 mund's,* the jjr.incjpftl .church ^n ,the ^ajenaftery, 
 which is &{>pfcd 4pAiae b-een <Hie.c)f<he ^randefl 
 Gothic ilruftures in Europe. 
 
 The abbey which -was orvce fo iiluitrious, was firft 
 bulk by SigeUrt ^ipgof.the Eaft Angles^ ^bn aft^r 
 chrittianity was -planted here by F-efyc jihe Bqrgundi- 
 *n, and beiag fcniihe^, 1&9g ,S,igeber-t, about ..tjjve 
 yea/ 638 retted M\to it, aftd <f<?cliidd hin^felf ^ojp all 
 temporal aJFairs. 
 
 S-t. Edmund from \vhora -this -town takes its name, 
 was murthered by <he Danes, jiear^foxne, about -the 
 
 -year 
 
 .^ .very CUUOHS mpdel of 5his,chit^i is J:o le fen jrt Jrfr: Tillot'*- 
 n tte ApgelrbUl: It is, ten -feet .lopg, ye jfegt wj4?,.an4 ? pro- 
 portionate height, containing 300 niches, and 280 windows, adorned 
 ^ith images and other Gcthic figures. The model of St. Edmund's- 
 ihrine is ^prname^ed ,w,kh ievggp and .crc,wns gilt,.^ in its original 
 
 nificent church;
 
 302 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 year 870, but not buried here till 903. On this ac- 
 count, and through the fuperftition of that age, the 
 revenue of the abbey increafed prodigioufly, and the 
 monks greedy to fwaltow all the prey, under va- 
 rious pretences fecluded all the feculars, and filled 
 their places, with thofe of their own order, the Bene- 
 didlines : this they effected about the year lozo, in 
 the 4th year of King Canute, who then laid the foun- 
 dation of a more magnificent church, to the honor of 
 this Martyr ; the former in which his remains had 
 been depofited being but a wooden building, or, at 
 beft, covered with wood. The expence of this fabrick 
 was raifed by an annual tax of 4d. an acre on all 
 ploughed land in Suffolk and Norfolk. It was finifh- 
 d in about twelve years, and confecrated by Othel- 
 nerh, or Agelnoth, Archbifhop of Canterbury, and 
 dedicated to Chrift, St. Mary and St. Edmund. 
 
 TJvius, prior of Huhn was confecrated the firft ab- 
 bot, 1020. He rft encompafied the *abbey, and a 
 part if not the whole of the town, with a wall and ditch, 
 the ruins of which are ftill to be feen io many places. 
 Thus was the grandeur of this abbey begun : its ab- 
 bots were made parliamentary barons, and its wealth 
 yearly increafed, until its -final diflblution by Henry 
 VIII. when its yearly revenues amounted to 2,336!. 
 j6s. and the plate, bells, lead, timber, &c. yielded 
 5000 marks to the King. There \vcre feveral Hof- 
 pitals belonging to the abbey, the moft famous of 
 which was that of St. Saviour's, within the North- 
 gate, 
 
 Mr. King obferves, that the great Gate- way of the abbey is a 
 remarkable fpecimen of Saxon architeQ:ure, and was built in the 
 time of Canute.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 303 
 
 gate, in which the parliament met in Henry the Vlth's 
 time ; and it was here that Humphrey Duke of Glou- 
 cefter was murdered at the inftigation of the monks, 
 by the hand of Pole, then Duke of Suffolk. 
 
 The civil government of the town is now lodged 
 in the hands of an alderman, who is chief magiftrate, 
 a recorder, twelve capital burgefles, and twenty-four 
 common burgefles ; who have the fole right of choofmg 
 their own representatives in parliament. 
 
 Inftead of the mp.ny chapels and oratories which 
 were formerly in this town, there are now only two 
 magnificent and (lately churches, Handing in the fame 
 church-yard: The one dedicated to St. Mary, is 
 139 feet long by 67 feet and a half broad, and the 
 chancel of it is 74 by 68 : The roof of the nave of St. 
 Mary's church is truly magnificent : There is a fine 
 afcent of fix fteps to the altar, on the North fide of 
 which is the tomb of * Mary Queen of France, 
 daughter of Henry VII. and afterwards married to 
 Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. This Queen of 
 France was buried in the great church of the monaf- 
 tery, and removed after the difTolution of it into St. 
 Mary's church ; her body is covered with lead, refem- 
 bling an human fhape, and on her bread is in- 
 fcribed, " Mary Queen of France, 1533." Her tomb 
 was not only fimple and unadorned, but for a long 
 
 feries 
 
 * When her tomb was repaired, Sir John Cullum Bart, procured 
 r. lock of hair from the Corpfe of a bright auburn colour, unin- 
 vjred by an interment of 225 years, which he prefented to the late 
 Duchefs of Portland, and at the fale of her Mufeum, in May 1786, 
 it fold for the MOD IRATE price of 61. ics* 
 
 Ff
 
 3 04 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 feries of years entirely neglected. It was even with- 
 out any infcription till the year 1758, when Sir John 
 Cullum, Bart, had the tomb repaired at his own ex- 
 pence, and a marble tablet inferted into it. 
 
 The other Church, dedicated to St. James, was 
 finilhed in the reign of Edward VI. who was himfelf 
 a contributor to it, as appears from an infcription in 
 the church : It is 137 feet long by 69 feet wide, the 
 chancel is 56 by 27 feet ; at the Weft end of the South 
 aile are two large monuments erefted to the memory 
 of James Reynolds, Lord Chief Baron of the Ex- 
 chequer, and his Lady, who were buried here. In 
 this church is an organ lately creeled, and a library 
 convenient enough, but which has no curiofities, ex- 
 cept a M.S. of Bede's Ecclefiaftical Hiflory, and 
 Demetrius Chalcondyla's Edition of Homer. 
 
 The fteeple of the church of St. James, and the 
 abbey-gate, are buildings which mull excite the at- 
 tention of the curious : the former was anciently the 
 grand Portal that led to the great chuich of the 
 monaftery ; the arches of the tower are all round, of a 
 Saxon form, and feem to be much older than Henry 
 the Third's time. The abbey- gate, which conducted 
 you to the private court of the abbot, is a m after- 
 piece of Gothic architecture ; it was built in the 
 reign of Richard the Second, the Townfmen having 
 demolifhed the former gate in his grandfather's time, 
 upon a qnarrel with the monks. The infide of it is 
 adorned with the arms of Holland, Duke of Exeter, 
 and of Edward the Confeffor, who was the favourite 
 Saint of Richard II. 
 
 In
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 305 
 
 In both churches there were formerly great num- 
 bers of infcriptions and effigies engraved on brafs, 
 but they were fcandaloufly torn off and fold, in 1644, 
 for private emolument, by the church-wardens. Nor 
 at the diffolution of the abbey, could thefe churches 
 efcape the plunder of the great men who were in au- 
 thority under the godly prince, King Edward VI. 
 for they fwept from the altars of them about 480!. 
 worth of plate, and other valuable ornaments. 
 
 On the 20th of February, 1772, fome workmen who 
 were employed in the ruins of the abbey digging 
 for ftone, found a leaden coffin, made after the an- 
 cient cuftom, exactly the (hape of the body. This 
 had been enclofed in an oak cafe, which by the 
 length of time was decayed, but the lead remained 
 quite perfect, and enclofed an embalmed body, as 
 frefh and perfect as at the time of its interment ; the 
 nails on the lingers and toes as perfect as when living, 
 and the hair of the head a chefiiut brown, with fome 
 mixture of grey ones. The corpfe was done up in a 
 pickle, and the face wrapped in a fear - cloth. A 
 furgeon in the neighbourhood was fent for, who made 
 an incifion into the breaft, and declared the flefh cut 
 as firm as in a living fubject, and there was even an 
 appearance of blood. At this time the corpfe was not 
 the leaft noifome, but being expofed to the air it pre- 
 fently became putrid and offenfive. The body was 
 cut and mangled, the fkull was fawed in pieces, 
 where the brain feemed wafted indeed, but perfectly 
 enclofed in its proper membrane, the cheeks like- 
 wife were cut through, and his arms cut off and car- 
 ried away. 
 
 F f 2 .It
 
 3 o6 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 It was focm found that the coffin contained the re- 
 mains of Thomas Beaufort, third fon of John of Gaunt, 
 Duke of Lancafter, by his third Duchefs Lady Ca- 
 therine Swinford. He was by his half- brother, 
 King Henry VI. created Duke of Exeter, Knight of 
 the Garter, Admiral and Governor of Calais, and 
 in 1410, Lord High Chancellor of England, created 
 Earl of Perth in Normandy, and Earl of Dorfet, in 
 England. He led the rear guard at the battle of 
 Agincourt, valiantly defended Harfleur againft the 
 French, was guardian to Henry VI. and dying at Eaft 
 Greenwich, Jan. I, 1427, was (as he had in his will 
 direcled) interred in the abbey church of Bury St. Ed- 
 mund's, near his Duchefs, at the entrance of the cha- 
 pel of our Lady, clofe to the wall on the North fide of 
 the choir. His monument was demolifhed with the 
 jeft of that grand building, at the diflblution, in 1540. 
 
 The labourers, for the fake of the lead, which they 
 fold for about twenty {hillings, ftript the body of its 
 coffin, throwing it promifcuoufly among the rubbifh ; 
 but upon difcovering whofc it was, the mangled re- 
 mains were inclofed in a ftrong oak coffin, and bu- 
 ried near the large North-call pillar which formerly 
 aflifted to fupport the belfry. 
 
 This Prince was grandfon to the victorious King 
 Edward III. Every humanennd fenfiblemind reflects 
 with horror upon the favage indecency with which the 
 remains of this Prince has been treated. 
 
 In this monaflery were interred twelve of the an- 
 cient roy.il family. 
 
 The reft of the public buildings are the guild-half, 
 the grammar -fchool endowed by King Edward VI. 
 
 the
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 307 
 
 the market-crofs, the wool-hall, and the fliire-houfe ; 
 nor muft we omit the butchery. 
 
 The free grammar - fchool, founded by King Ed- 
 ward VI. was originally in the Eaftgate-ftreet, but be- 
 ing inconvenient there, it was removed into the 
 Northgate-ftreet, and rebuilt by contributions, but 
 King Edward bears the name of the founder Hill, 
 His buft ftands over the door in front, and under his 
 arms at the upper end of the fchool, is this in- 
 fcription : 
 
 EDWARD us Sextus pofuit, virtutis alumnis. 
 Gratis difce puer, regia namque fchola eft. 
 
 The church-gate, a noble Saxon ftructure, formerly 
 the entrance to the great church of the abbey ; but 
 fince its diflblution, has been made ufe of as a ftee- 
 ple to St James's church. 'Tis very evident it was 
 not firft intended for that purpofe, by its antiquity, 
 and diftance from the body of the church. Between 
 them there is a coffee-houfe. 
 
 In the church-yard is Clopton's hofpital, an uniform 
 handfome building. 
 
 Oppofite to the hofpital, is the houfe of the late 
 John Earl of Briftol. 
 
 Near this houfe is the Ihire-hall, or feflions -houfe, 
 lately built, in which are held the affixes for the 
 county. 
 
 The Guild-hall gives name to the ftreet in which 
 it ftands. It is very ancient, but has been lately much 
 improved, and in part of it, great alterations are 
 made. The town feflions are held here, corporation 
 members chofen, &c< 
 
 F f 3 The
 
 308 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The market-crofs is a fpacious and lofty building, 
 the upper part is converted into a theatre, ufed only 
 during the great fair by the Norwich Comedians. 
 
 Oppofite the crofs in the fame fquare, Hand the new 
 fhambles, built with free-ftone, in 1761, at the ex- 
 pence of John Earl of Briftol, AmbalTador at the 
 court of Spain. 
 
 On. the Hog-hill, or beaft-market, flands the com- 
 mon Bridewell, formerly a Jewifh fynagogue, built 
 of flint and free-ftone. 
 
 At the Reformation there were five hofpitals, one 
 college, called Jefus College, in College-ftreet, which 
 is now converted into a workhoufe, fifteen chapels 
 whofe names and places where they flood are ftill 
 known, though the buildings have been immemori- 
 alJy deftrcycd, together with a hermitage at Well- 
 gate, and thirteen other chapels, whofe places are 
 not known, from the many alterations that time, fire, 
 and other accidents have made in this town ; fo that 
 there have been above forty churches and chapels in 
 all, and moft of them amply endowed, as appears 
 from the value of the firil fruits and tenths, which 
 afforded maintenance as well as employment for forty 
 or fifty clergymen, under a dean and archdeacon, who 
 officiated in the feveral churches, colleges, chapels, 
 and hofpitals. 
 
 There are two market-days, Wednefdays and Sa- 
 turdays ; the chief market is on Wednefday, which 
 is very well fupplied with all manner of provifions. 
 There are alfo three annual fairs ; the firft on Eaf- 
 ter Tuefday ; the fecond for three days before the 
 
 feaft
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 309 
 
 feaftofSt. Matthew, September 21, and three days 
 after ; but this is ufually protracted to an uncertain 
 length, for the diverfion of the Nobility and Gentry 
 that refort to it : The third is on St. Edmund's Day, 
 November 20. 
 
 Bury is feventy miles from London, and forty-two 
 from Norwich. 
 
 IPSWICH. 
 
 THE fpot on which Ipfwich ftands is fo happily 
 iituated, that it could not fail of inviting inhabitants 
 to fettle here, foon after this corner of the Ifland was 
 peopled. To ftrangers who enter the town, either 
 by what is now the London road, or by the Yar- 
 mouth road, it feems to ftand low : But when a tra- 
 veller approaches the town by the ancient London 
 road, which was over Cattiwade and Bourn Bridges, 
 upon Wherftead-hill, he views it to more advantage j 
 fituated, as in fadl it is, on the fide of a hill, with a 
 South afpeft, declining by a gradual and eafy defcent 
 to the Quay, where the foot of it is warned by the Or- 
 well. The foil is moft healthy ; it is fand, crag, or 
 gravel. The hills which rife above it to the North 
 and Eaft, contribute greatly to the convenience of 
 it ; not only as they fhelter the town from thcfe 
 bleak and inclement winds, but as they are well 
 itored with fprings of moft excellent water. The 
 fprings from Cladwell-hills, flow in fuch abundance, 
 that though the greater part of the town is fupplied 
 from them, they conftantly run vvafte in what is cal- 
 led St. Helen's and St. Margaret's wafh j and thofe 
 
 that
 
 3 ie THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 that rife in or near Chrift-church park, though they 
 likewife fupply many houfes with water, do as con- 
 ilantly run vvafte, down Brook-ftreet. Thefe laft are 
 of Hill far greater ufe ; for the large ponds at Chrift- 
 church, continually replenifhed by them, through 
 the benevolence and humanity of the owner, are al- 
 ways let out on any emergency ; and therefore may 
 be confidered, as perpetual refervoirs, depofited there 
 by Providence, to fecure and protect the town from 
 the dreadful ravages of fire. 
 
 As feveral other towns upon the neighbouring 
 coaft, viz. Yarmouth, Aldborough, and Orford, 
 take their names from their fituation near the mouths 
 of their refpe&ive rivers ; fo the town of Ipfwich 
 has its name from being feated where the frelh river 
 Gippen or Gipping, empties itfclf into the Orwell. 
 It is fpelt in Domefday, Gyppefwid, GyppeAviz, 
 Gyppewycus, Gyppewic ; afterwards by dropping the 
 Guttural, it was written Yppyfwyche ; and then as 
 our Spelling improved, by leaving out the fuperfluous 
 letters, Ipfwich. 
 
 The names of the frefh and fait river have lately 
 been confounded, infomuch that Mr. Kirby was un- 
 warily led to call the frem river the Orwell ; but' their 
 names are plainly diftinft. The fait river, or to 
 fpeak more properly, that branch or arm of the fea 
 which flows up to Ipfwich, is called the Orwell, pro- 
 bably from its fpacious and commodious Haven or 
 Harbour. Some think this was the place that the 
 Danes failed up A. D. 1016, when they had a de- 
 fign upon the kingdom of Mercia. " The Saxon^ 
 
 " annals
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 3 u 
 
 " annals call it Arwan ; and as it may not be un- 
 " reafonable to fuppofe the true name of this har- 
 " bou may be Arwell ; fo do we find on one fide of 
 " it Harwich, and on the other Arwerton." 
 
 It is certain, Henry the fon of King Henry II, who 
 was crowned in his father's life-time, when he con- 
 fpired againft his father, landed here with foldiers 
 from Flanders ; and taking Hugh Bigod with him, 
 marched from hence to Norwich. Here Ifabel, wife 
 of King Edward II. landed from France, when {he 
 drove her hufband into Wales. And the XX. of Ed- 
 ward II. [1327] Sir J. Howard had a commiffion to 
 raife 500 men in Norfolk and Suffolk, and conduft 
 them to the port of Orwell, thence to go to fea againft 
 the French. _ 
 
 And the Earl of Lancafter, XIV. of Edward III. 
 had an aflignment of ten mips to tranfport his horfe 
 from the port of Orwell to Flanders ; fo that we need 
 not multiply proofs to (hew that this haven and branch 
 of the fea is called the Orwell. As to the frefti river 
 Glpping, ;* k= c three fountain-heads : one rifes at or 
 near the little village of Gipping, by Mendlefham, 
 to which it gives name. Another head rifes near 
 Wetherden ; and the third near Rattlefden. Thefe 
 two laft rivulets unite with the other at Stow-market ; 
 and there the Gipping, thus fupplied, becomes more 
 refpeaable. It is true, the Orwell is fometimes cal- 
 led the Orwell or Gipping, becaufe the Gipping dif- 
 charges itfelf into it at Ipfwich ; but the frefti river 
 Gipping, cannot with any propriety be called the 
 Orwell, becaufe it is no part of the haven: The 
 Thames may as well be called the Swin. 
 
 Ipfwich
 
 31* THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 Jpfwich ftri&ly fpeaking, that is, within the gates, 
 was not of very large extent. It was inclofed with 
 a rampart and ditch, which was broken down by the 
 Danes, when they pillaged the town twice within the 
 fpace of ten years, about the years of our Lord 951, 
 looo. But this fortification was repaired and renewed 
 in the fifth year of King John. 
 
 There are not the leaft remains of more than three 
 of the gates now ftanding ; but, it is certain, there 
 were more. For in the ancient partition of the town 
 into four letes or wards, as two of thefe were called 
 Northgate-lete and Weftgate-lete, fo the two others 
 were called Eaftgate-lete and Southgate-lete. 
 
 We read likewife of Lofe-gate, which flood at the 
 ford through the fait river, by what is now the Houfe 
 of Mr. Trotman. Though the rampart hath in many 
 places been broken through, and in fome entirely 
 levelled, there are ftill confiderable remains of it; 
 and it is eafily traced from the bowling-green garden 
 (or grey-friars walk) with a road on each fide of it, 
 to tne wca, ui ou ivjauiiLvv's-gate. 
 
 Hence to Bull -gate, facing Weftgate - Itreet, it 
 is levelled, and the ground built upon. But from 
 this to North-gate, and fo to the end of Crofs-key 
 ftreet, it is almoft entire. It is alfo vifible at the 
 back of the houfes on the Weft fide of St. Margaret's 
 wafh ; and again in the yard of Chrift's hofpital ; fo 
 that all the parifhes of St. Auftin, St. Clement, and 
 St. Heleo, and great part of the parifhes of St. Mar- 
 garet and St. Matthew, were not included within 
 
 (fee
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 313 
 
 the gates ; and thefe are accordingly called in old 
 writings, the fuburbs of Ipfwich. 
 
 But if we confider the borough in a larger fenfe, as 
 including not only the town with its fuburbs, but 
 the four hamlets of Stoke-hall, Erooks-hall, Wikes- 
 ufford, and Wikes-bimop, which comprehends the 
 whole precincls and liberties of the borough, the ex- 
 tent of it is very confiderable. For it reaches from 
 Eaft to Weft, that is, from the place on Ruftimere 
 common, where the bounds of the liberties runniug 
 paft Rufhmere-hall-gate, and along the other lane 
 crofs the Wood-bridge road oppo/ite to the gallows ; 
 to that place in Whitton-ftreet, where the bounds 
 come outof the lane leading from Bramford, crofs the 
 Norwich and Bury road, and then go into the lane 
 leading to Whitton church, the diftance is better than 
 four miles. In like manner, from the North to 
 South, or near it ; that is, from that place beyond 
 Wefterfield green, where the bounds enter the road 
 leading from Witnefham to Ipfwich, and fo to Bourn- 
 bridge ; it is about the fame diftance : But if, inftead 
 of going to the Weft of the Orwell, you go from the 
 aforefaid place through St. Clement's-ftreet on the 
 Eaft-fide of it to Downham-bridge by John's Nefs, 
 the diftance is greater. 
 
 The civil government of the town is vefted in two 
 bailiffs, a recorder, twelve portmen, of whom four are 
 juftices of the peace ; a town-clerk ; twenty-four 
 chief conftables, of whom two are coroners ; and the 
 twelve feniors are headbdroughs ; a treafurer and two 
 chamberlains, to colled the revenues of the town.: 
 
 The
 
 s , 4 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 The borough fends two members to parliament, 
 who are elected by the burgefies at large, in number 
 between 600 and 700. 
 
 Nine churches are mentioned in Domefday-book, as 
 {landing in the Conqueror's time : There are now 12. 
 
 The trade of this town formerly confifted chiefly of 
 the manufacture of broad cloth, by which many large 
 fortunes we:e raifed. But about the middle of the 
 laft century the manufactory began to decline, and 
 at length totally ceafed, and burthened the town with 
 a vaft number of poor. From hence it happened, that 
 many of the better fort of houfes were for a long time 
 empty ; and Ipfwich incurred the cenfure of being 
 a Town -without people. The caufe of this defertion 
 having ceafed, the agreeablenefs of the town invited 
 new-comers to fettle here ; the number of inhabitants 
 is increafed to near 12,000; and within fifty years 
 the rents are advanced more than fifty per cent, and 
 more middling houfes are daily wanted. 
 
 The chief trade is at prefent in corn ; the malting 
 trade is very extenfive, and one hundred and fifty fail 
 of fhips belong to this port. 
 
 Here are five market days, Tuefdays and 7'hurf- 
 days for butcher's meat, Wednefdays and Fridays for 
 fifli ; and Saturday is a general market-day for all forts 
 of provifions, cattle, &c. 
 
 Here are five fairs ; one on Holy-rood-day, O. S. 
 where much bufinefs is done in the two articles of 
 butter and cheefe. One on St. George's day O. S. 
 for toys and lean cattle, chiefly home-bred. St. 
 James's July 25, now not worth mentioning; And 
 
 t\vo
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 315 
 
 two fairs for cattle on May 1 8 and 1 9, and Auguft 
 22 and 23 ; at the laft of which vaft number of lambs 
 are constantly fold, to the amount of eighty, ninety, 
 or fometimes one hundred thoufand. 
 
 IP this town there are five chanty fchools in which 
 116 boys, and twenty-four girls, are educated, clothed 
 and fitted out for fervice, or bound out to fome low 
 trades. 
 
 This town has lately been much improved by a new 
 pavement, and well lighting the ftreets. 
 
 B U N G A Y. 
 
 A VERY neat market- town, 14 miles from Nor- 
 wich, and containing about 2000 inhabitants, is de- 
 lightfully fituated upon the Waveney, which being 
 navigable from Yarmouth, is a great benefit to its 
 trade ; the Waveney divides Norfolk from Suffolk, in 
 the latter of which counties Bungay is built : it 
 fignifies the good Ifland. Here are the remains of 
 a very ftrong caflle, fituated on a high hill, which 
 commands the adjacent fens, and was formerly the 
 feat of the Bigods, Earls of Norfolk, the fite of it is 
 ilill in the Duke of Norfolk's hands, who is alfo 
 owner of the diflblved houfe of Benedicline Nun, the 
 remains of which are very few, and are {landing at 
 the Eaft end of our LADY'S CHURCH, of which the 
 Duke is patron, but it -having no tithes is of fmall 
 value ; this was in the abbey before its diffolution ; 
 and with the whole town, except one fmall ftreet, was 
 deftroyed by fire, March i, 1689; the lofs was com- 
 G g puted
 
 3 i6- THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 puted at upwards of 29,896!. the town has been re- 
 built and the church repaired, it has a fine double organ, 
 neat font, and in the South aile, a handfome %uare 
 tower fteeple, in which there is a good peal of eight 
 bells, and a clock ; the chancel was never rebuilt, fo 
 that the altar is at the Eaft end of the church, the 
 fteeple ftands at the Weft end of the South aile,, the 
 two ailes, nave and North porch are leaded ; the 
 feats are uniform. 
 
 TRINITY CHURCH, ftands on the other fide of 
 the abbey, the chancel which was burnt down, was 
 never re-built, the altar is placed at the Eaft end 
 of the South aile, the fteeple is round and much de- 
 cayed, it has no bells in it, but there is a very large 
 one hanging in a ftied in the yard, with this motto 
 round it, Per mefoteles invocamur ad preces, anno do- 
 mini 1608. The fteeple was deftroyed in time of 
 divine fervice by a tempeft, which broke all the bells, 
 and fplit it from top to bottom. On the battlements 
 of the upper part, which is octangular, are the arms 
 of Bigod and Brodierton, by which it fcems as if the 
 fteeple (or perhaps more likely, the battlements) was 
 built by T. de Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, and the 
 church afterwards given to the abbey, for the tithes 
 are impropriate, and were in the Crown from the Re- 
 formation, till Queen Elizabeth gave them to the 
 Biftiop of Ely, who new leafes them, referving the 
 prefcntation of the Vicarage, which is a good piece 
 of preferment, to himfelf. The South aile and nave 
 are leaded, and the South porch tiled. 
 
 Upon a marble flab in this church is an infcription, 
 in memory of Mr. Thomas Stanton, who died April 
 
 20,
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 317 
 
 20, 1691. He had been Captairt of an Eaft Indiamart 
 called the return ; and it is noticed as an extraordi- 
 nary faft, that he made the voyage to and from Surat 
 in twelve months. 
 
 At the foot of the bridge, on the Suffolk fide, there 
 was a fmall chapel, the Eaft end wafhed by the ri- 
 ver, bnih probably for fome hermit placed here: It 
 \vas taken down i 732 and a granary built in its place. 
 There are two crofles in the market-place, one for 
 corn, on the top of which ftands an old carved effigies 
 of Juftice ; theotherfor the butter, &c. The market 
 is on Thurfday, and plentifully fupplied with all kinds 
 of provifions. 
 
 In Dhchingham parifli is a neat convenient bath, and 
 proper reception for bathing, with convenient board- 
 ing for the infirm, 'tis a very cool water, and has. been, 
 found of fervice in feveral cafes; it was built by Mr. 
 John King, an apothecary here, who to recommend 
 his Bath, publifhed an Eflay on hot and cold bathing 
 in 1737. 
 
 The water in the "pump in the King's head yard 
 adjoining to the cafUe-hill, on the Eaft fide, is an ex- 
 ceeding flrong mineral, and much drank by many peo- 
 ple ; it feems much of the fame nature and quality 
 with the mineral waters at Aylfliam. 
 
 S U D B U R Y, 
 
 STANDS upon the Stour, which is navigable for 
 barges from Maningtree to this town. It was an- 
 ciently called South-burgh, as Norwich is faid to 
 G g 2 have
 
 318 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 have been called North-burgh. It is a very ancient 
 town; and at grefent conflfts of three parifhes, hav- 
 ing three beautiful and large pariih churches ; St. 
 Gregory's, St. Peter's, and All Saints. This town 
 was one of the firfl places where King Edward III. 
 put the Flemings whom he brought into England 
 from the Netherlands, to teach the Englifh to manu- 
 facture their own wool, which has been carried to 
 great extent, in the manufactory of Baize, Says, and 
 other coarfe kind of woollens, but this is now much 
 upon the decline, and the town is confequently bur- 
 dened by a very numerous poor. 
 
 It is a town-corporate, governed by a mayor, fix 
 aldermen, twenty-four capital burgefles, and other in- 
 ferior officers. It has divers privileges, and fends 
 two members to parliament. His Grace the Duke 
 of Grafton takes the title of Baron from this place. 
 It was made a Mayor Town by charter, ann. i, and 
 2, Phil, and Mary. Q^ Eliz. 4nno Regini I. confirmed 
 divers privileges to it, among which was that offend- 
 ing BurgefTes, the firft return of them being made 
 that year. 
 
 * Simon Sudbury, who was Archbifhop of Canter- 
 bury A. D. '375) and beheaded by the rabble in 
 Wat Tyler's infurroilion, was a native of this town : 
 He built the upper end of St. Gregory's church ; 
 founded a college where his father's houfe flood, and 
 endowed it Ib well that it was of the value of izzl. 
 i8s. per ann. when it was fupprefTed. He is alfo faid 
 
 by 
 
 * His fcull is Ihewn by the Clerk, who fells the teeth and re- 
 places them.
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 319 
 
 by Leland, with John de Chertfey, to have founded 
 a priory here of the order of St. Auftin ; though 
 Weaver afcribes it to one Baldwin of Shipling (Shimp- 
 ling perhaps) and Mabil his wife. 
 
 WOODBRIDGE 
 
 TOOK its name from a Wooden-bridge built over a 
 hollow way, to make a communication between two 
 parks feparatd by the road which leads by Wood- 
 bridge market-place towards Ipfwich. At the foot 
 of the hill from this hollow-way, about a ftone's-throw 
 from whence the bridge might fland, is a houfe, which 
 at this day retains the name of the dry -bridge. The 
 river Deben on which this town is fituated, dif- 
 charges itfelf into the fea about ten miles below it, 
 and is navigable up to the town. Here are two 
 quays, the common quay where the chief imports and 
 exports are, and where the fine Woodbridge fait is 
 made ; and above this is the lime-kiln qnay, where 
 formerly the Ludlow man of war was built. Some 
 years fince there was another dock below the common 
 quay, where the King'. fiftier floop was built ; but this 
 is now fhut from the river by a mud wall, and almojl 
 filled up. 
 
 The church and fteeple are beautiful buildings, the 
 former is faid to be founded by John Lord Segrave. 
 On the South-fide of the church flood a priory of black 
 canons, founded by Sir Hugh Rous, or Rufus, as 
 Weaver calls him, to which one Hanford was a con- 
 fiderable benefactor. It was valued at 50!. 35. 5d. 
 
 per
 
 3zo THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 per ann. and granted in 33 Henry VIII. to Sir John 
 Wingfield and Dorothy his wife. It is a good old 
 feat, now the Eftate of Francis Brooke, Efq. The 
 town traded much in fack cloth ; the chief manufac- 
 ture now is fait. It has a pretty good market on 
 Wednefdays. This was granted in the reign of King 
 Henry III. There are two fairs yearly, on March 25, 
 and September ^\. In the midft of the market- 
 place is the {hire-hall, where the quapter-feffions for 
 the liberty of St. Etheldred are holden ; under which 
 is the corn-crofs. The market-place is clean and 
 well-built, and fo is the ftone-ftreet, fo called be- 
 caufe it was the only part of the town which WAS 
 paved. But the ftreet called the thorough-fare, as 
 being fituated in the road from Ipfwich to Yarmouth, 
 is now likewife well paved, and kept fo clean that it 
 Vrill tempt the fubflantial inhabitants to build and 
 dwell there. 
 
 Here is a free grammar-fchool for ten boys, and an 
 alms-houfe for thirteen poor men and three women. 
 
 NEW- MARKET, 
 
 AT the extremity of the county, is a well-built 
 thorough - fare town, confiding chiefly of one long 
 ilreet, fo fituated that the North-fide of the Itreet is in 
 Suffolk, and the South-fide in Cambridgefhire. There 
 are two churches, St. Mary's in Suffolk, and All- 
 Saints in Cambridgefhire. His Majefty has a houfe 
 here, for his refidence during the races, which was 
 built by King Charles II. r.nd there are many neat 
 modern houfes, built by noblemen and gentlemen ; 
 and feveral good inns where, though the ufe of figures 
 is pretty well understood, the accommodations in ge-
 
 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 32I 
 
 neral, are excellent, and, they who on a plan of 
 ceconomy, or in expectation of better entertainment, 
 go fixteen miles further towards London, rather than 
 flop here, will be much difappointed. 
 
 There are two annual fairs, one on the Tuefday in 
 Whitfun-week ; the other October 28. Here is alfo 
 a good market on Tuefdays ; and a free-fchool, which 
 was endowed by King Charles II. The town is fup- 
 ported not by merchandife or manufactures of any 
 kind, but by its fituatiorv upon a confiaerable road, 
 and by the company which frequent the horfe-races 
 on the neighbouring heath. 
 
 About two miles Weft of the town is the Devil's- 
 dyke, by the vulgar fo called, who readily afcribe to 
 him what they cannot rationally account for. It is 
 alfb called Reche-dyke, from a Hide market-town at 
 the beginning of it. From Reche it croiTes the heath 
 near to Stickworth. It was formerly the boundary be- 
 tween the Eaft- Angles and the Mercians ; and is now 
 the boundary between the Bilhopricks of Norwich 
 and Ely. It is uncertain who was the founder of fo 
 great a work; fome afcribe it to King Canute, but 
 that cannot be true j for Abbo, who mentioned it, 
 xlied before Canute began his reign : Befides, the pur- 
 pofe for which he is faid to have done it, was far from 
 being equivalent to the expence of fuch a work, viz. 
 as a mark beyond which the King's purveyors, were 
 not to come towards Bury. It is mod probable, it was 
 caft up in the reign of King Edmund ; for Matthew 
 Florilegus declares, that the battle againft Ethelwolf 
 was fought between St. Edmund's two ditches. The 
 other ditch is about five miles farther towards Cam- 
 bridge, now called 7-mile-dyke ; formerly fleam-dyke.
 
 3 22 THE NORFOLK TOUR. 
 
 THOMAS CAVENDISH, efq. the fecond Engliih- 
 man who circumnavigated the world, formerly lived 
 at Grimfton-hall, in the parifh of Trimley St. Mar- 
 tin in this county. This gallant officer, fitted out 
 three {hips, at hisownexpence, againft the Spaniards, 
 viz. the Defire, burden 120 tons ; the Content, of 60 
 tons ; and the Hugh Gallant, a bark of 40 tons. On 
 board thefe {hips he had no more than 123 hands. 
 With this inconsiderable force he failed from Plymouth 
 on the 2 i ft of July 1586. In February following 
 he paffed through the (traits of Magellan, and enter- 
 ed the South-feas, plundered and burnt the towns 
 of Paira, Puna, Acapulco, Natividad, Acatler, and 
 feveral other on the coafts of Chili and Peru. After 
 which he attacked, and took the St. Anna, a large 
 Acapulco (hip of 700 tons, in his own (hip, the Defire, 
 in which he had not above 60 men ; yet with thele he ! 
 attempted to board the St. Anna ; and though he was 
 twice repulfed, at the third attack he took her with 
 little lofs. What lofs the enemy fuilained is not faid ; 
 but Captain Cavendifh fet 191 prifoners on fhore at 
 Puerto Seguro, and brought off feven with him to 
 fcrve as pilots, linguifts, &c. He tock in this prize 
 122,000 pezos of gold, each pezo being of the value 
 of eight (hillings; befides a great quantity of other 
 rich meichandife, altogether amounting to more than 
 6o,oool. After this he touched at the Philippine 
 I/lands, and returned home by the Cape of Good Hope, 
 and St. Helena, andaniveoat Plymouth Sep. 9, 1588. 
 In his fecond voyage, 15')', after paffing the ftraits 
 of Magellan on the zoth of May 1 592, he was parted 
 from his fleet in the night, and never heard of fmce.
 
 [ 3*3 3 
 
 A LIST of the TOWNS and VILLAGES In the County of 
 NORFOLK, (hewing the Hundreds in which they li, and 
 their Diftance in Meafured or Computed Miles from the City 
 Of NORWICH. 
 
 The Market Towns are diftinguHned by SMAIL Capitali. 
 
 Towns. Hun. M. Towns. Hun. I 
 
 A CLE 
 
 Wls. 
 
 i, 
 
 Baflingham 
 
 N. Erp. 
 
 jC\ Alburgh 
 
 Ears. 
 
 15 
 
 Baftwick 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 Aiby 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 '4 
 
 Bawburgh 
 
 Fore. 
 
 Aldeby 
 
 Clay. 
 
 16 
 
 Bawdefwell 
 
 Lyns. 
 
 Aldborough 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 lj 
 
 Bawfey 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Alderford 
 
 Eyns. 
 
 S 
 
 Bayrield 
 
 Holt 
 
 Alpingtoa 
 Althorpe 
 Applet on 
 
 Lod. 
 Gall. 
 Fr. L. 
 
 9 
 
 Beckham (Eaft) 
 Beckham (Weft) 
 Bedingham 
 
 N.Erp. 
 S. Erp 
 Lod. 
 
 Anmer 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 34 
 
 Beech amwell 
 
 Clac. 
 
 Antingham 
 
 N.Erp. 
 
 '4 
 
 Beefton 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Arminghall 
 
 Hens. 
 
 3 
 
 Beefton 
 
 Tav. 
 
 Armingland 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 
 Beefton St. Laurence 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 Afliby 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 '3 
 
 Beefton Regig 
 
 N.Erp. 
 
 Afliby 
 
 Lod. 
 
 8 
 
 Beetley 
 
 Laun. 
 
 A (hill 
 
 Way. 
 
 *c 
 
 Beighton 
 
 Wals. 
 
 Aflunenhaugh 
 
 Tuns. 
 
 8 
 
 Belaugh 
 
 S.Erp. 
 
 Afljwelthorpe 
 
 Dep. 
 
 i 
 
 Belaugh 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 Afliwicken 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 31 
 
 Bergh Aptoa 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Afla&on 
 
 Dep. 
 
 I; 
 
 Beftthorpe 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 ATTLIBOKOUGH 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 I (j 
 
 Bexwell 
 
 Clac. 
 
 Attlebridge 
 
 Tav. 
 
 i 
 
 Billingford 
 
 Ears. 
 
 AYLSHAM 
 
 S.Erp. 
 
 1 1 
 
 Billingford 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 Aylmerton 
 
 N. Erp. 
 
 IS 
 
 Billockby 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 Babingly 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 34 
 
 Bilney (Eaft) 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Baconfthorpe 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 *9 
 
 Bilney (Weft) 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Baclon 
 
 Tuns. 
 
 '7 
 
 Binham 
 
 N. Gr. 
 
 Bagthorpe 
 Bale or Bathley 
 Baaham 
 
 Gall. 
 Holt 
 Guilt. 
 
 31 
 
 ZI 
 
 16 
 
 Bintry 
 Bircham (Great) 
 Bircham Newton 
 
 Eynf. 
 Smith. 
 Smith. 
 
 Banningham 
 
 S.Erp. 
 
 12 
 
 Bircham Tofts 
 
 Smith. 
 
 BarfoiL 
 
 Fore. 
 
 7 
 
 Bittering 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Bar me 
 
 Gall. 
 
 ;S 
 
 Bixley 
 
 Henf. 
 
 Barney 
 
 N. Gr. 
 
 *4 
 
 Blakeney 
 
 Holt. 
 
 Barnham Broome 
 
 Fore. 
 
 1C 
 
 BUckling 
 
 S.Erp. 
 
 Barningham(Little) 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 '5 
 
 Bloneld 
 
 Bio. 
 
 Barningham (N.wood) 
 
 N. Erp. 
 
 16 
 
 Bio-Norton 
 
 Guilt. 
 
 Barningham (Town) 
 
 N.Erp. 
 
 '7 
 
 Sodium 
 
 Holt. 
 
 Barton Bendifli 
 
 Clac. 
 
 5c 
 
 Bodney 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 Barton Turf 
 
 Tnf. 
 
 10 
 
 Booton 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 Barwick 
 
 Smith 
 
 s8 
 
 Boughton 
 
 Clac. 
 
 Bafcam (Eaft) 
 BaAam (North) 
 
 Gall. 
 Gall. 
 
 2 7 
 -3 
 
 Bowthorpe 
 Bracon Ala 
 
 "ore. 
 
 L !um. 
 
 B*fium (Weft) 
 
 Call. 
 
 21 
 
 BndeabiiB (Eaft) 
 
 S ' CI \
 
 32* TOWNS IN NORFOLK. 
 
 Towns. Hun. M. Towns. Hun. fl 
 
 -.Bradenhara (\Veft) 
 
 S. Gr. , 
 
 2; 
 
 ^arleton 
 
 Lod. 
 
 .Brad field 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 li 
 
 ^arleton Eaft 
 
 lum. 
 
 .Pradifton 
 
 Bio. 
 
 6 
 
 -arleton Forehte 
 
 Tore. 
 
 Bramertoa 
 
 Henf. 
 
 4 
 
 -ai icton Rode 
 
 Dep. 
 
 Brampton 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 o 
 
 Caftle Acre 
 
 Fr.L. 
 
 Brancaitrr 
 
 Smith. 
 
 J8 
 
 Caftle Rifing 
 
 Fr.L. 
 
 JJrandifton 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 9 
 
 Carton 
 
 Way. 
 
 Brandon Little 
 
 Fore. 
 
 9 
 
 Catfield 
 
 Hap. 
 
 Breccles 
 
 Way. 
 
 ii 
 
 Catton 
 
 Tav. 
 
 ,Brettenham 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 2i 
 
 Cawfion 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 Bridgeham 
 Briningham 
 
 Shrop. 
 Holt 
 
 2 ] 
 
 '< 
 
 Chedgrave 
 Chofeley 
 
 Lod. 
 Smith. 
 
 JSrinton 
 
 Holt 
 
 K, 
 
 Claxton 
 
 Lod. 
 
 Brifley 
 
 Laun. 
 
 (I 
 
 Clenchwarton 
 
 Fr. M. 
 
 Briflingham 
 
 Difs 
 
 '5 
 
 Cley 
 
 Holt 
 
 -Briftori 
 Brockdiih 
 
 Holt 
 
 
 Clippefby 
 
 W. Fl. 
 S. Gr. 
 
 <Bromehill 
 
 Grim. 
 
 ]c 
 
 Cockthoipe 
 
 N.Gr. 
 
 Bromefthorpe 
 
 Gall. 
 
 J< 
 
 Colby 
 
 S. Etp. 
 
 Broomc 
 
 Lod. 
 
 i - 
 
 Colkirje 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Brooke 
 
 Clav. 
 
 I 
 
 Colney 
 
 Hum. 
 
 -Brundall 
 
 Bio. 
 
 I 
 
 Coltilhall 
 
 S. Zrp. 
 
 -Brunftead 
 
 Hap. 
 
 1C 
 
 Colton 
 
 Fo.e. 
 
 Buckenham 
 
 Bio. 
 
 S 
 
 Colvefton 
 
 Grim. 
 
 BUCKINHAM NEW 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 I ; 
 
 Congham ' 
 
 Fr.L. 
 
 fiuckenham Old 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 If 
 
 Corpuftey 
 
 S. Erp 
 
 Buckenham Tofts 
 
 Grim. 
 
 3 
 
 Coftefey 
 
 Fore. 
 
 Bunwel 
 
 Dep. 
 
 
 Cofton 
 
 Fore. 
 
 Burlingham North 
 
 Bio. 
 
 9 
 
 Cranwich 
 
 Grim. 
 
 JJurlingham South 
 
 Bio. 
 
 
 Cranworth 
 
 Mit. 
 
 Burlingham St. And. 
 
 Bio. 
 
 1 
 
 Creak North 
 
 Bro. 
 
 Burgh 
 
 Holt 
 
 L| 
 
 Creak South 
 
 Bro. 
 
 Burgh St.J>eter 
 
 Clav. 
 
 '- 
 
 Crtflingham Great 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 *urgh 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 M 
 
 Creflingham Little 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 Burgh 
 
 S. Erp 
 
 i 
 
 Crimplefliam 
 
 Clac. 
 
 Burnham Depdale 
 
 Bro. 
 
 M 
 
 Cringleford 
 
 Hum. 
 
 Burnham Norton 
 
 Bro. 
 
 I] 
 
 Cromer 
 
 N.Erp. 
 
 Burnham Overy 
 
 Bro. 
 
 ; 
 
 Croflwich 
 
 Tav. 
 
 Burnham Thorpe 
 
 Bro. 
 
 l 
 
 Croflwick 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 Burnham Ui. & Sulton 
 
 Bro. 
 
 P 
 
 Crown thorpe 
 
 Fore. 
 
 BURNHAM WZST- 
 
 Bro. 
 
 ja 
 
 Croxton 
 
 Grim. 
 
 Burfton [GATI 
 
 Difs 
 
 
 Croxton 
 
 Gall. 
 
 Buxtott 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 'J 
 
 Darfmgham 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Caifter 
 
 E. Fl. 
 
 :i 
 
 Dalling Field 
 
 NT. Gr 
 
 Cauucr 
 
 Henf. 
 
 
 Dalling Wood 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 Caldecote 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 1 ; 
 
 Deepham 
 
 Fore. 
 
 Calthorpe 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 I - 
 
 Denver 
 
 Clac. 
 
 Cantley 
 
 Bio. 
 
 K 
 
 D v toa 
 
 Earf. 
 
 Carkokc 
 
 Way. 
 
 M 
 
 DIKIHAM EAST 
 
 Mit.
 
 f OWNS IN NORFOLK. 
 
 Towns. 
 Dereham Weft 
 
 Hun. 1M 
 Clac. 
 
 " Towns. 
 5 Franfliam Little 
 
 Hun. K 
 <aun. 
 
 Dkkleburgh 
 
 Difs 
 
 7 F reethorpe 
 
 Bio. 
 
 Dilham 
 
 Timf. 
 
 - Frenze 
 
 Bifs 
 
 Dillin-toa 
 
 .aun. 
 
 7 Frettenham 
 
 
 Diss 
 
 Difs 
 
 i Fring 
 
 sm:ch. 
 
 Ditchinghan* 
 
 Lod. 
 
 - Fritton 
 
 Dep. 
 
 Docking 
 
 mith. 
 
 Fulmondefton 
 
 
 Doughton 
 
 Gall. 
 
 5 Fundenhall 
 
 De'p." 
 
 DOWN HAM 
 
 Clad. 
 
 - Garboliiifliaia 
 
 Guilt. 
 
 Dray ton 
 
 Tav. 
 
 Garvefton 
 
 vi;t. 
 
 Didlmgton 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 $ Gafthorpe 
 
 Guilt. 
 
 Dunham Great 
 
 .aun. 
 
 j Gately 
 
 <aun. 
 
 Dunham Little 
 
 .aun. 
 
 5 Gatefend 
 
 Gall. 
 
 Dunfton 
 
 ium. 
 
 1- Gayton 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Danton 
 
 Gall. 
 
 5 Gayton Thorpt 
 
 Fr.L. 
 
 Larfhaia 
 
 Earf.' 
 
 3 Gay wood 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Eafton 
 
 "ore. 
 
 6 Geldeftone 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Eccles 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 7 Gillisgham All Saints 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Bccles 
 
 Hap. 
 
 6 Gillingham St. Mary 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Edgeficld 
 
 Holt. 
 
 9 Gimingham 
 
 "J.Erp. 
 
 Edingthorpe 
 
 Funf. 
 
 6 Gifling 
 
 Difs 
 
 Egmere 
 
 V. Gr. 
 
 Q Glanford 
 
 -Jolt 
 
 Ellingham 
 
 Clav. 
 
 I Godwick 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Ellingham Great 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 t GooderftoM 
 
 S.Gr. 
 
 Ellingham Litde 
 
 Way. 
 
 4 Grefham 
 
 N.Erp 
 
 Elmham North 
 
 ..aun. 
 
 8 Greflenhall 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Elfing 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 3 Grimfton 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Emneth 
 
 Fr. M. 
 
 o Grifton 
 
 Way. 
 
 Erpingham 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 4 Gueftwick 
 
 EynC 
 
 FAKENHAM 
 
 Gall. 
 
 ; Guift 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 Felbrigg 
 
 M.Erp. 
 
 S Gunthorpe 
 
 Holt 
 
 Felmingham 
 
 Funf. 
 
 ' Gunton 
 
 N.Erp. 
 
 Telthorpt 
 
 Tav. 
 
 7 Hackford 
 
 ore. 
 
 Feltwell 
 
 jrlm. 
 
 5 Hackford 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 F.rsfield 
 
 Difs 
 
 9 Hadifcoe 
 
 Clar. 
 
 Filby 
 
 E. Fl. 
 
 6 Hadifcoe Thorpe 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Finchatn 
 
 Clac. 
 
 7 Hales 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Fifliley 
 Flitcham 
 
 Wals. 
 Fr. L. 
 
 i Halwrgate 
 7 Han worth 
 
 Wals. 
 N.Erp. 
 
 Flordon 
 
 Hum. 
 
 7 Happifburgh 
 
 Hap. 
 
 Ford ham 
 
 Clac. 
 
 6 Hapton 
 
 Dep. 
 
 Forncet St. Mary 
 
 Dep. 
 
 i Hardingham 
 
 MlC. 
 
 Forncet St. Peter 
 
 Dep. 
 
 2 Hardley 
 
 Lod. 
 
 Fouldon 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 ' Hardwick 
 
 Dep. 
 
 Foulftum 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 8 Hardwick 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Foxley 
 Framlingham Earl 
 Jramlingham Pigott 
 Franfharo Great 
 
 Eynf. 
 Henf. 
 Henf. 
 Laun. 
 
 5 Hargham 
 i HARLIJTOM 
 4HARLING EAST 
 Harling Weft 
 
 Shrop. 
 Earf. 
 Guilt. 
 Guilt.
 
 326 
 
 TOWNS IN NORFOLK. 
 
 Towns. Hun. M. Towns. Hun. J 
 
 Harpley 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 r 
 
 Hoveton St. Peter 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 Hafingham 
 
 Bio. 
 
 
 Houghton 
 
 Gall. 
 
 Hautcboyj Great 
 
 S. Erp 
 
 
 Houghton 
 
 S.Gr. 
 
 Hauteboys Little 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 
 Houghton 
 
 N. Gr. 
 
 Haynford 
 
 lav. 
 
 
 Howe 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Heacham 
 
 Smith. 
 
 4<- 
 
 Hunftanton 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Heckingham 
 
 Clav. 
 
 i 
 
 Hunworth 
 
 Holt 
 
 Hedenham 
 
 Lod. 
 
 12 
 
 Ickburgh 
 
 Grim. 
 
 Helhoughton 
 
 Gall. 
 
 M 
 
 Illington 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 Hellefdon 
 
 Tav. 
 
 2 
 
 Ingham 
 
 Hap. 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Lod. 
 
 - 
 
 Ingoldftorpc 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Hemefby 
 
 W.F1. 
 
 t' 
 
 Ingworth 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 Hem ling ton 
 
 Waif. 
 
 
 Intwood 
 
 Hum. 
 
 ftempnall 
 
 Dep. 
 
 u 
 
 Irftead 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 Hempfteid 
 
 Holt 
 
 il_ 
 
 Illington 
 
 Fr. M. 
 
 Hempton , 
 
 Gall. 
 
 i. 
 
 Itteringham 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 JJemftead 
 
 Hap. 
 
 i b 
 
 K-elling 
 
 Holt 
 
 Herringby 
 
 E. Fl. 
 
 15 
 
 Kempftone 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Hethel 
 
 Hum. 
 
 6 
 
 K.enninghall 
 
 Guilt 
 
 Hetherfet 
 Hevingham 
 
 Hum. 
 N.Erp. 
 
 i 
 
 Kerdiftone 
 fCefwick 
 
 Eynf. 
 Hum. 
 
 Heveringlaiid 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 c 
 
 iCetteringham 
 
 Hum. 
 
 Hey don 
 
 S. Erp 
 
 n 
 
 iCettleftone 
 
 Gall. 
 
 ttickling 
 
 Hap. 
 
 '6 
 
 ICilverftone 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 Hilburgh 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 27 
 
 timberley 
 
 Fore. 
 
 Hiigay 
 
 Clac. 
 
 
 Cirby Bedon 
 
 Henf. 
 
 Hillington 
 
 Fr.L. 
 
 5* 
 
 Cirby Cane 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Hindolvefton 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 18 
 
 Kititead 
 
 Lod. 
 
 Hindringhara 
 
 N. Gr. 
 
 z i 
 
 Cnapton 
 
 N.Erp. 
 
 HlNGHAM 
 
 Fore. 
 
 '4 
 
 .ammas 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 Hockering 
 
 Mit. 
 
 1C 
 
 -andgrave 
 
 Earf. 
 
 Hockham 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 10 
 
 -ingford 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 Hockwold 
 
 Grim. 
 
 15 
 
 ^angham 
 
 Holt 
 
 Hoe 
 
 Laun. 
 
 16 
 
 Langley 
 
 Lod. 
 
 Holkam 
 
 N. Gr. 
 
 ? 
 
 Darling 
 
 Shtop. 
 
 Holme 
 
 Clac. 
 
 4i 
 
 -effinghsm 
 
 Hap. 
 
 Holme Hale 
 
 3. Gr. 
 
 c 
 
 >etheringfet 
 
 Holt 
 
 Holme next the Sea 
 
 Smith. 
 
 It 
 
 Letton 
 
 M.t. 
 
 HOLT 
 
 Holt 
 
 2. : 
 
 Lexham Eaft 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Holvefton 
 
 Henf 
 
 5 
 
 .exham Weft 
 
 -.aun. 
 
 Honing 
 
 Twnf. 
 
 '4 
 
 .eziate 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Honingham 
 
 Fore. 
 
 7 
 
 /impenhoc 
 
 mo. 
 
 Horning 
 
 funf. 
 
 
 
 ^ingwood 
 
 Bio. 
 
 Horningtoft 
 
 /aim. 
 
 9 
 
 /itcham 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Horfey 
 
 Hap. 
 
 15 
 
 .ODDON 
 
 Lod. 
 
 Horsford 
 
 Tav. 
 
 6 
 
 -ongham 
 
 ..uin. 
 
 Horftam St. Faith 
 
 "av. 
 
 4 
 
 >ophapi North 
 
 Juilt. 
 
 Horftead 
 
 "av. 
 
 7 
 
 ,opham South 
 
 Guilt. 
 
 Hoveto* S. John 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 1 
 
 Ludham 
 
 Hap.
 
 TOWNS IN NORFOLK. 3 
 
 Towns. Hun. M. Towns. Hun. 1 
 
 Lynford 
 
 Grim. 
 
 z- 
 
 Norton Subcorfe 
 
 Clav. 
 
 tyng 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 ii 
 
 NORWICH is a City 
 
 
 LYNN KING'S 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 J 2 
 
 and County of itfeli 
 
 
 Lynn Weft 
 Manningtoa 
 
 Fr. M 
 S. Erp 
 
 H 
 
 including the Hamlet 
 of Eaton, Lakenharh 
 
 
 Marham 
 
 Cite. 
 
 .; 
 
 Ear] ham, Hellefden 
 
 
 Marlingtbrd 
 
 fore. 
 
 6 
 
 Thorpe, Trowfe, Car 
 
 
 Mar/ham 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 9 
 
 rowe, and Bracondale. 
 
 
 Martham 
 
 W.F1. 
 
 17 
 
 Oby 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 Mailingham Great 
 Maffingham Little 
 Matlafke 
 
 Fr. L. 
 Fr. L. 
 
 NT. Erp. 
 
 ~9 
 1 6 
 
 Ormefby St. Margaret 
 Ormefby St. Michael 
 Ofmundfton or Scole 
 
 E. Fl. 
 E. Fl. 
 Oifs 
 
 Mattifhall 
 
 Mit. 
 
 
 3verftrand 
 
 NT. Erp. 
 
 Matti/hall Eergb. 
 
 Mit. 
 
 i?. 
 
 3vington 
 
 Way/ 
 
 Mawtby 
 
 E. Fl. 
 
 it 
 
 Oulton 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 Melton Great 
 
 Hum. 
 
 t 
 
 Outwell 
 
 Clac. 
 
 Melton Little 
 
 Hum. 
 
 ' i 
 
 Oxborough 
 
 S.Gr. 
 
 Melton Conftable 
 
 Holt 
 
 ,8 
 
 Oxnead 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 Men dam 
 
 Earf. 
 
 to 
 
 3xwick 
 
 [-aim. 
 
 Merkflull 
 
 ^um. 
 
 
 Palgrave 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 Merton 
 
 Way. 
 
 '.9 
 
 Palling 
 
 Hap. 
 
 Methwold 
 
 Grim. 
 
 ;6 
 
 J anxworth 
 
 Waif. 
 
 Metton 
 
 NT. Erp. 
 
 
 Paftan 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 Middletoa 
 
 tr. L. 
 
 58 
 
 'attetty 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Mileham 
 
 ..aun. 
 
 ij 
 
 *enfthorpe 
 
 Gall. 
 
 Mintlyn 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 3S 
 
 'entney 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Morley St. Botolph 
 
 Fore. 
 
 1C 
 
 'ickenham North 
 
 S.Gr. 
 
 Morley St. Peter 
 
 Fore. 
 
 [ , 
 
 'ickenham South 
 
 S.Gr. 
 
 Morfton 
 
 Holt 
 
 z6 
 
 Plumftead 
 
 N. Erp. 
 
 Morton 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 7 
 
 'lumftead Great 
 
 Bio. 
 
 Moulton 
 
 Waif. 
 
 1C 
 
 'lumftead Little 
 
 Bio. 
 
 Moulton All Saints 
 
 Dep. 
 
 3 
 
 'oringland Great 
 
 Henf. 
 
 Moulton St. Michael 
 
 Dep. 
 
 <3 
 
 'oringland Little 
 
 Henf. 
 
 Mourningthorpe 
 
 Dep. 
 
 
 'oftwick 
 
 Bio. 
 
 Mul barton 
 
 Hum. 
 
 5 
 
 'otter Heigham 
 
 Hap. 
 
 Mundefley 
 Mundford 
 
 N. Erp. 
 Grim. 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Pulham St. Mary 
 PulhamSt.Mary Mag. 
 
 Earf. 
 Earf. 
 
 Mundham 
 
 Lod. 
 
 c 
 
 Quarles 
 
 N. Gr. 
 
 Narborough 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 2 
 
 Quiddenham 
 
 Guilt 
 
 Narford 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 Z 
 
 Rackheath 
 
 fav. 
 
 Neatifhead 
 
 7unf. 
 
 Z 
 
 lanworth 
 
 Val. 
 
 Nefton 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 14 
 
 laveningham 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Needham 
 
 Earf. 
 
 6 
 
 Uynham Eafl 
 
 Gall. 
 
 Newton St. Faitht 
 
 Tav. 
 
 5 
 
 laynham Weft 
 
 Gall. 
 
 Newton Weft 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 g 
 
 laynham South 
 
 Gall. 
 
 Nevrton 
 
 .Gr. 
 
 3 
 
 tteddenhill 
 
 Earf. 
 
 Newton Flotman 
 
 lum. 
 
 6 
 
 leedham 
 
 Waif. 
 
 Northwold 
 
 Grim. 
 
 6 
 
 leepham 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 Norton Padding 
 
 Gall. 
 
 -3 
 
 leppj 
 
 W. Fl.
 
 TOWNS IN NORFOLK. 
 
 Townt. Hun. M. Towns. Hun. Ml 
 
 Repps North 
 
 N.Erp 
 
 
 Seething 
 
 Loj. 
 
 9 
 
 Repps South 
 
 N.Er. 
 
 i 7 
 
 Setchy 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 -,s 
 
 Reymefton 
 
 Mit. 
 
 ! ] 
 
 Sharingtoa 
 
 Holt 
 
 
 Riddlefworth 
 
 Guilt. 
 
 2>, 
 
 Shelfanger 
 
 Difs 
 
 iS 
 
 Ridlington 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 I 1 
 
 Shelton 
 
 3ep. 
 
 14 
 
 Ringland 
 
 Evnf. 
 
 j 
 
 herford 
 
 Gall. 
 
 13 
 
 Ringftead 
 
 Smith. 
 
 4- 
 
 Slieringham Upper 
 
 N.Erp 
 
 :o 
 
 Rockland St. Mary 
 
 Henf. 
 
 
 Sheringham Lower 
 
 N.Erp 
 
 21 
 
 Rockland All Saints 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 i. 
 
 Shernbourne 
 
 Smith 
 
 4 
 
 Rockland St. Andrew 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 I ; 
 
 Shimpling 
 
 Difs 
 
 16 
 
 Rockland St. Peter 
 Rollefby 
 
 Way. 
 W. Fl. 
 
 i 1 
 I C 
 
 shingham 
 Shipdam 
 
 Clac. 
 Mit. 
 
 j* 
 
 Roudham 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 t( 
 
 Sottefliam All Saints 
 
 Henf. 
 
 6 
 
 Rougham 
 
 Laun. 
 
 29 
 
 Sottefliam St. Mary 
 
 Henf. 
 
 f 
 
 Roughton 
 
 N.Erp 
 
 1- 
 
 Sottefliam St. Martin 
 
 Henf. 
 
 6 
 
 Roxham 
 
 Clac. 
 
 |( 
 
 Shouldham 
 
 Clac. 
 
 i^* 
 
 Roydon 
 
 Difs 
 
 i- 
 
 Shouldham Thorpe 
 
 Clac. 
 
 36 
 
 Roydon 
 
 Fr.L. 
 
 J< 
 
 Shropham 
 
 .Shrop. 
 
 21 
 
 Rudham Eaft 
 
 Gall. 
 
 a 6 
 
 Sifland 
 
 L d. 
 
 10 
 
 Rudham Weft 
 
 Hall. 
 
 :6 
 
 Skeyton 
 
 S.Erp. 
 
 1 1 
 
 Runfton Holme 
 Runfton North 
 
 Clac. 
 Fr. L. 
 
 37 
 
 Sloley 
 Smalburgh 1 
 
 Tunf. 
 Tunf. 
 
 I I 
 
 Runham 
 
 E Fl. 
 
 it 
 
 Snarehill 
 
 Guilt. 
 
 } 
 
 Runhill 
 
 Fore. 
 
 12 
 
 Snetterton 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 '7 
 
 Runton 
 
 N. Erp. 
 
 2C 
 
 Snettifliam 
 
 Smith 
 
 40 
 
 Rufliall 
 
 Earf. 
 
 '4 
 
 Snoring Great 
 
 N-Gr. 
 
 
 Rufliford 
 
 Guilt. 
 
 
 Snoring Little 
 
 Gall. 
 
 i& 
 
 Rufton Eaft 
 
 Hap. 
 
 I <; 
 
 Somerton Eaft 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 i q 
 
 Ryburgh Great 
 
 Gall. 
 
 li> 
 
 Somerton Weft 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 iX 
 
 Ryburgh Little 
 
 Gall. 
 
 iS 
 
 Southacre 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 ;8 
 
 Ryfton 
 
 Clac. 
 
 (j 
 
 Southbergh 
 
 Mit. 
 
 iS 
 
 Sahara Toney 
 
 Way. 
 
 13 
 
 Southrey 
 
 Clac. 
 
 4* 
 
 Sail 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 I - 
 
 South wood 
 
 Bio. 
 
 i I 
 
 Salhoufe 
 
 Tav. 
 
 (: 
 
 Sparham 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 IZ 
 
 Salthoufe 
 
 Holt 
 
 Z l 
 
 Spixworth 
 
 Tav. 
 
 4 
 
 Sandringham 
 
 Fr.L. 
 
 4c 
 
 Sporle 
 
 S. Gr. 
 
 26 
 
 Santon 
 
 Grim. 
 
 i] 
 
 Sprowfton- 
 
 Tav. 
 
 e 
 
 Saxlingham 
 
 Holt 
 
 c 
 
 Stalham 
 
 Hap. 
 
 .6 
 
 Saxlingham Netherg. 
 Saxlingham Thorpe 
 
 Henf. 
 Henf. 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 Stanfield 
 Stanford 
 
 ..aun. 
 Grim. 
 
 22 
 
 -9 
 
 Saxthorpe 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 5 
 
 Stanhoe 
 
 Smith. 
 
 33 
 
 Seaming 
 
 ..aun. 
 
 i 
 
 Stanninghall 
 
 Tav. 
 
 6 
 
 Scole 
 
 Difs 
 
 2C 
 
 Starfton 
 
 Earf. 
 
 17 
 
 Sco Rufto* 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 a 
 
 Stibbard 
 
 Ga!l. 
 
 17 
 
 Scottow 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 q 
 
 Stifkey 
 
 N.Gr. 
 
 '9 
 
 Seoul ton 
 
 Way 
 
 7 
 
 Stockton 
 
 :iav. 
 
 i i 
 
 Scratby 
 
 E. Fl. 
 
 9 
 
 Stody 
 
 Holt 
 
 rS 
 
 Sculthorpe 
 Scdgeford 
 
 Gall. 
 Smith 
 
 o 
 38 
 
 Stoke Holy Croft 
 Stoke Ferry 
 
 Henf. 
 Clac. 
 
 ,1
 
 TOWNS IN NORFOLK. 329 
 
 Townt. Hun. M. Towns. Hun. M. 
 
 S/tokefby 
 Stow Bardolph 
 
 .Fl. 
 lac. 
 
 Thurning 
 j Thursford 
 
 To 
 NT. Gr. 
 
 I 
 
 Stow Be Jon 
 
 Way. 
 
 ? Thurton 
 
 Lod. 
 
 8 
 
 Stratfet* 
 
 lac. 
 
 3 Thuxton 
 
 Mit. 
 
 
 Stratton St. Michael 
 
 )ep. 
 
 Thwayte 
 
 Lod. 
 
 i 
 
 Stratton St. Mary 
 Stratton Strawlefs 
 
 Dep 
 
 . Erp 
 
 5 Thwayte 
 7 Tibbeaham 
 
 .Erp. 
 Dep. 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 Strumpfliaw 
 
 B)o. 
 
 3 Tilney St. Laurence 
 
 Fr.M. 
 
 4 
 
 Sturton 
 
 Grim. 
 
 a Tilney All Saints 
 
 Frv'M.' 
 
 4 
 
 Suffield 
 
 N.Erp 
 
 3 Tilney with 1 fling ton 
 
 '. M. 
 
 3 
 
 Surliugham 
 
 Henf. 
 
 5 Titchwell 
 
 mith. 
 
 o 
 
 Sufteatl 
 
 N.Erp. 
 
 1 TSttleftiaU 
 
 Laun. 
 
 z 
 
 Sutton 
 
 &.' 
 
 7 Tivetfliall St. Margaret 
 
 3ifs 
 
 5 
 
 Swafield 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 \ Tivetfliall St. Mary 
 5 Toft Weft 
 
 Grim. 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 Swainftorpe 
 
 Hum. 
 
 i "oft Monks 
 
 Clav. 
 
 4- 
 
 Swannington 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 B Toftrees 
 
 Gall. 
 
 4 
 
 Swanton Abbots 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 i "opcroft 
 
 Lod. 
 
 i 
 
 Swanton Morley 
 
 Lauru 
 
 Tottenhill 
 
 Oac. 
 
 7 
 
 Swanton N overs 
 Swardejlon 
 
 Hole 
 Hum. 
 
 8 Tottington 
 4 Trimingham 
 
 Way. 
 N.Erp 
 
 * 
 
 7 
 
 Syderfton 
 
 Gall. 
 
 e Trowfe Newton 
 
 Henf. 
 
 t 
 
 S.yderftrand 
 
 N.Erp. 
 
 8 Trunch 
 
 N. Erp. 
 
 6 
 
 Tacolnefton 
 
 Dep. 
 
 9 fuddenham Eaft 
 
 Mit. 
 
 9 
 
 Taiburgh 
 Tatterford 
 
 Dep. 
 Gall. 
 
 J "uddenham North 
 
 Mit. 
 Waif: 
 
 IZ 
 
 Tatterfet 
 
 Gall. 
 
 5 Tunftead 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 9 
 
 Taverham 
 
 Tav. 
 
 6 Tuttington 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 '4 
 
 Terrington St. John 
 Terrington St. Clem 
 
 Fr. M. 
 Fr. M. 
 
 8 Twiford 
 I Upton 
 
 ss. 
 
 '5 
 
 10 
 
 Tefterton 
 
 Gall. 
 
 9 Upwell 
 
 Clac. 
 
 5 
 
 Tharfton 
 Tjielveton 
 
 ss- 
 
 c Weyborne 
 8 Wafton All Saints 
 
 Holt 
 Dep. 
 
 \\ 
 
 Themilthorpe 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 4 Wadlon St. Mary 
 
 Dep. 
 
 12 
 
 THETFORD 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 9 Walcote 
 
 Hap. 
 
 16 
 
 Thirne 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 ': Wallington 
 
 Clac. 
 
 40 
 
 Thomjifoa 
 Thornage 
 
 Way. 
 Holt 
 
 8 Walpole St. Peter 
 9 Walpole St. Andrew 
 
 Fr. M 
 
 Fr. M 
 
 47 
 
 47 
 
 Thornham 
 
 Smith. 
 
 o WALSH AM NORTH 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 '4 
 
 Thorpe Abbots 
 
 Earf. 
 
 7 Walfliam South 
 
 Waif. 
 
 10 
 
 Thorpe 
 Thorpe 
 Thorpe 
 
 Difs. 
 Clav. 
 Bio. 
 
 7 Walfingham Old 
 3 WALSIN.GHAMLITT 
 2 Walfoken 
 
 N. Gr 
 N. Gr 
 Fr. M 
 
 il 
 
 Thorpe Market 
 Thorpland 
 
 N-Erp. 
 Clac. 
 
 5 Walton Eaft 
 i Walton Weft 
 
 Fr. L. 
 Fr. M 
 
 31 
 48 
 
 Threxton 
 
 Way. 
 
 5 Warham 
 
 N. Gr 
 
 9 
 
 Thrigby 
 
 E.F1. 
 
 5 Waterden 
 
 Bro. 
 
 z6 
 
 Thurgarton 
 
 N.Erp 
 
 6 Warlington 
 
 Clac. 
 
 4z 
 
 Thurhon. 
 
 Clav. 
 
 WAT TOW 
 
 Way.. 
 
 21
 
 330 
 
 TOWNS IN NORFOLK. 
 
 Towns. Hun. M. Town*. Hun. 1 
 
 Waxham 
 
 Hap. 
 
 if 
 
 Winfarthing 
 
 Difs 
 
 Wealenham St. Peter 
 
 Laun. 
 
 28 
 
 Winterton 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 Weafenham AH Saints 
 
 Laun. 
 
 *S 
 
 Witchingham Great 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 Weeting 
 Wei borne 
 
 Grim. 
 Fore. 
 
 33 
 9 
 
 Witchingham Little 
 Witlinghara 
 
 Evnf. 
 Henf. 
 
 Wellingham 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Z2 
 
 Witton 
 
 Bio. 
 
 Wellney 
 
 Clac. 
 
 4 
 
 Witton 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 WILLS 
 
 N. Gr 
 
 3 1 
 
 Wiveton 
 
 Holt 
 
 Wendling 
 
 Laun. 
 
 
 Wolferton 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Wereham 
 
 Clac. 
 
 3 ? 
 
 Wolterton 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 Weft acre 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 3 
 
 Woodbaftick 
 
 Waif. 
 
 Weftfield 
 
 Mit. 
 
 14 
 
 Woodnorton 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 Wefton 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 1 
 
 Woodrifing 
 
 Mit. 
 
 Weftwick 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 ii 
 
 Woodton 
 
 Lod. 
 
 Whetacre 
 
 Clav. 
 
 '7 
 
 Wootton North 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Whinbergh 
 
 Mit. 
 
 
 Wool ton South 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Whiflbnfet 
 
 Laun. 
 
 2Z 
 
 Wormegay 
 
 Clac. 
 
 Whitwel 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 I 1 
 
 Worrtead 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 Wickhampton 
 
 Waif. 
 
 12 
 
 Worthing 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Wicklewood 
 
 Fore. 
 
 If 
 
 Wortwell 
 
 Earf. 
 
 Wickmere 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 14 
 
 Wramplingham 
 
 Fore. 
 
 Wiggenhall St. Mary 
 
 Fr. M. 
 
 
 Wrenningham 
 
 Hum. 
 
 WiggenhallSt.M. Mag- 
 
 Fr. M. 
 
 4 C 
 
 Wretham Eaft 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 Wiggenhall St. Geim 
 
 Fr. M. 
 
 4 ( 
 
 Wrethara Weft 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 Wiggenhall St. Peter 
 Wighton 
 
 Fr. M. 
 N. Gr. 
 
 4 
 
 J 
 
 Wretton 
 Wroxham 
 
 Clac. 
 Tav. 
 
 Wilby 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 i( 
 
 WTMONDHAM 
 
 Fore. 
 
 Wilton 
 
 Grim. 
 
 jf 
 
 YARMOUTH 
 
 E. Fl. 
 
 Wimbotfliam 
 
 Clac. 
 
 4- 
 
 Yaxham 
 
 Mit. 
 
 Winch Eaft 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 
 Yelverton 
 
 Henf. 
 
 Winch Weft 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Jj 
 
 
 
 Names of the Hundreds in the County of Norfolk, at they art con- 
 tracked in the foregoing Table. 
 
 Bio. 
 
 for Blofield 
 
 S. Gr. for South Greenhoe 
 
 Bra. 
 
 Brother Croft 
 
 N. Grim. 
 
 North Grimflitt 
 
 Clac. 
 
 Clackclofe 
 
 Guilt. 
 
 Guiltcrofs 
 
 Clav. 
 
 Clavering 
 
 Hap. 
 
 Happing 
 
 Dep. 
 
 Dcpwade 
 
 Henf. 
 
 Henftead 
 
 Earf. 
 
 Earfliam 
 
 Hum. 
 
 Humblcyard 
 
 N. Erp. 
 
 North Erplngham 
 
 Laun. 
 
 Launditch 
 
 S. Erp. 
 
 South Erpingham 
 
 Lod. 
 
 Loddon 
 
 Eynf. 
 
 Eynsford 
 
 Mit. 
 
 Mitford 
 
 E.F1. 
 
 Eaft Flegg 
 
 Shrop. 
 
 Shropham 
 
 W. Fl. 
 
 Weft Flegg 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Smithdon 
 
 Fore. 
 
 Forehoe 
 
 Tav. 
 
 Taverham 
 
 Fr. L. 
 
 Freebridge Lynn 
 
 Tunf. 
 
 Tunftead 
 
 Fr. M. 
 
 FreebridgeMaifhland 
 
 Waif. 
 
 Walfham 
 
 Call. 
 
 Callow 
 
 Wav. 
 
 Waylud 
 
 N. Gr. 
 
 Is'fi ih Crcenhoc 
 

 
 
 ROADS 
 
 
 
 TO 
 
 
 
 NORWICH. 
 
 
 ROA 
 
 from LONDON to YAIMOUTMI 
 
 
 
 Poft 
 
 
 Po* 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 WHITECHAPEL 
 
 
 Brought forward 
 
 66 
 
 To Ilford 
 
 7 
 
 [pfwkh 
 
 
 Rumford 
 
 5 
 
 Woodbridge 
 
 
 Burntwood 
 
 7 
 
 Wickham Marktt 
 
 4 
 
 Ingateftone 
 
 5 
 
 Saxmundhaoa 
 
 8 
 
 Chelmsford 
 
 I 
 
 Yoxford 
 
 4 
 
 Witham 
 
 8 
 
 Wangford 
 
 9 
 
 Kelvedon 
 
 4 
 
 Wrantharn 
 
 
 Colchefter 
 
 30 
 
 Loweftoff 
 
 
 Stratford 
 
 7 
 
 Yarmouth 
 
 
 Copdock 
 
 
 
 **3 
 
 Carried over 
 
 "66 
 
 
 MM 
 
 POST ROADS from NORWICH to LONDON, 
 
 The following are all Poft Towns or Stages, 
 
 
 Poft 
 
 
 Poft 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 By Ntwmarlet from NORWICH 
 To Attleburgh IS 
 
 Jrought forward 
 Harlosv 
 
 8z 
 7 
 
 Thetford 
 
 35 
 
 Epping 
 
 6 
 
 Barton Mills 
 
 li 
 
 Baldfaced Stag IfljJ 
 
 7 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 9 
 
 Wood ford 
 
 e 
 
 Bourn Bridge 
 Chefterford 
 
 32 
 
 4 
 
 London I J. 
 (Whitechapel) | J 
 
 8 
 
 Stanfted 
 
 12 
 
 
 . 177 
 
 Hockerill 
 
 3 
 
 ,v..- 
 
 * 
 
 Carried orer 
 
 *jTl 
 

 
 C 33* 3 
 
 
 Poft 
 
 
 Pot 
 
 Miles 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 Another Road 
 
 irought orward 
 
 3 
 
 To Bournbridge as before 62 
 
 Bury 
 
 
 Barkway 14 
 
 London as above 
 
 73 
 
 Wade's Mill 12 
 
 
 
 Ware 2 
 Hoddefdon 4 
 Waltham Croft or > 6 
 Infield Highway J 
 
 Anttber Road 
 'o Sudbury as before 
 'aftle Hedingham 
 
 59 
 
 London 7 
 (Shoreditch) J " 
 in 
 
 Jraintree 
 London as before 
 
 4* 
 
 0! 
 
 By Bury Sf. Edmunds from 
 NORWICH 
 
 By Colcbefter from NORWICH - 
 
 ToTivittoall 15 
 
 To Tivitfhall 
 
 15 
 
 Ecole 5 
 
 Scole 
 
 5 
 
 Buddefdale 7 
 
 fhwaite 
 
 7 
 
 Bury 16 
 
 Stonham 
 
 5 
 
 Long Melfor4 13 
 
 Copdock 
 Stratford 
 
 7 
 
 Unified 3 
 
 Colchefter 
 
 7 
 
 Bra'intree 7 
 
 Celvedon 
 
 10 
 
 Chelmsford J2 
 Jngateftone 7 
 Burntwood ; 
 Rumford ' 
 llford 5 
 
 Witham 
 Chelmsford 
 London 1 
 (Whitechapel) } 
 See Road to Bury j 
 
 \ 
 
 30 
 
 London 7 
 
 
 lit 
 
 (Whitechapcl) J __^ 
 
 Another Road 
 
 
 III 
 
 To Stonham as before 
 
 3* 
 
 Or from NORWICH 
 To Attleburgh 15 
 Thetford ^ 
 
 Ipfwich 
 Copdock 
 London as before 
 
 XI 
 
 4 
 
 Carried over 30 
 
 
 111 
 
 JPST ROADS from NORWICH to many of the Principal 
 
 Cities 
 
 and Manufacturing Towns in England. 
 
 
 N. B. Such as Ke through London are omitted. 
 
 
 The following are all Poft Towns or Stages. 
 
 
 Poft 
 
 
 Poft 
 
 Milei 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 To BATH. 
 From NORWICH 
 
 Brought forward 
 Newmarket 
 
 9 
 
 To Atilebuxgh T- 
 
 Bourn Bridge 
 
 
 Thetford l 
 
 Royfton 
 
 13 
 
 Barton Mills 1 1 
 
 Baldock 
 
 9 
 
 Carried over 41 
 
 Carricd^oTcr 
 
 84
 
 C 333 J 
 
 
 Poft 
 Miles 
 
 Pot 
 
 Brought forward 
 Hitchin 
 Dunftable 
 Tring 
 Aylefbury 
 Thame 
 
 84 
 
 10 
 
 Brought forward 
 Har borough 
 Lutterwortu 
 Coventry 
 Meriden 
 -ole/hill 
 
 Oxford 
 
 j 
 
 Litchfield 
 
 WItney 
 Burford 
 
 10 
 
 Wolfaley Bridge 
 Stone 
 
 Bibury 
 
 1C 
 
 Woore 
 
 Cirencefler 
 
 
 NTantwich 
 
 Tatbury 
 
 1C 
 
 
 Petty Fiance 
 
 8 
 
 Chefter S * 
 
 Bath 
 
 
 TO 
 
 See anttttr RoaJ, p. 334 
 
 
 To BIRMINGHAM ~ 
 To Menden as above x c . 
 Birmingham , 4 
 
 To BRISTOL 
 To Petty France as above 
 
 195 
 
 Briftol 
 
 17 
 
 165 
 
 
 212 
 
 lo LIVERPOOL 
 From NORWICH 
 
 To HEREFORD 
 
 
 'o Dereham ,$ 
 
 From NORWICH 
 
 
 warTham 1X 
 
 To Newmarket at before 
 
 re 
 
 Downham 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 3 
 JJ 
 
 Wilbeach 
 
 Huntingdon 
 
 16 
 
 'eterborough 
 
 Thrapftan 
 Wellingborougk 
 
 17 
 II 
 
 N. B. By Thorney (to avoid 7 
 the Bank) r 2 * 
 
 Northampton 
 
 10 
 
 Vansford g 
 
 Daventry 
 
 12 
 
 Uppingham JA 
 
 Southam 
 
 10 
 
 ^icefter ^ 
 
 Warwick 
 Stratford on Avon 
 
 JC 
 
 8 
 
 Loughborougk 
 Derby 
 
 Aleefter 
 
 S 
 
 AAbourn 
 
 Droitwich 
 
 14 
 
 Leek 
 
 Worcefter 
 
 7 
 
 Macclesfield 
 
 Ledbury 
 
 16 
 
 Cnutaford ._ 
 
 Hereford 
 
 16 
 
 Warringtoa 
 
 Or To Worcefter as above 
 
 *i8 
 
 Prefcot H 
 Liverpool g 
 
 Btoomyard 
 
 LT f J 
 
 ,4 
 
 230 
 
 Hereford 
 
 14 
 214 
 
 To AAbourn at before* JCQ 
 uxton 
 
 To CHESTER 
 To Thrapfton as before 
 JCtttering 
 
 96 
 
 % t . 9 
 
 tocKport] fj 
 
 Carried o YOC 
 
 105 
 
 WZ
 
 C 334 ) 
 
 Poftl 
 
 Miles 
 * Anatlcr Reid t 9<rl>y end 
 Ajbkturn 
 To Wi/beach as before 55 
 Long Sutton 10 
 Spalding 13 
 Dennington Jc 
 Folkingham 
 Grantham * 
 Bingham '5 
 Nottingham 
 Derby 16 
 
 Port 
 
 Iffiii 
 
 5 rough t forward 109 
 ewark 14 
 outhwell g 
 Mansfield iz 
 hcilerfield 12 
 leffield xz 
 'en id on j -5 
 Huddersfield 13 
 Halifax 
 
 ^3 
 
 Afcbourn J_3 
 i6z 
 
 Set another RaaJ to Granttam> 
 below. 
 Jnciber Road to MANC*E$TK, 
 (through Matkck and tbt Peak 
 tf Dtrbylbtrt-) 
 To Nottingham as before 1 3 \ 
 Alfreton l8 
 Matlock 9 
 Bakewell > 
 Chapel in Frith 4 
 Difley 
 
 To LEEDS 
 From NORWICH 
 ToNewarkjbyPeterboro' 1 
 as before J Ia 5 
 N. B. By Spalding 112 
 earthing Moot zz 
 'oxford z 
 arnby Moor 19 
 Bawtry 5 
 )oncfter 9 
 r errybridge ] j 
 Leeds 15 
 
 Hi 
 
 Stockport 7 
 Jianchefter _7 
 105 
 Another R*4 
 tSy Newark and Mantfitld.) 
 To Granthwn M before 10 
 
 To YORK. 
 To Ferrybridge a* above 17* 
 Tad c after l 
 York 9 
 
 W 
 
 "Newark ' 
 Southwell 
 Mansfield * 
 Chefterfield 
 
 Middleton 
 Chapel in Frith 
 Manchefter as above ^___ 
 
 
 
 To LINCOLN 
 From NORWICH 
 To Wifceach at before 5 5 
 -ong Sutton 10 
 Spalding 13 
 )onningto Jo 
 Folkingham S 
 Sleaford lo 
 
 To HALIFAX 
 From NORWICH 
 To Wansford, fee Road to 7 
 Liverpool S 
 Stamford 
 Greetham 
 
 v/ithm Common 
 Colfterworth 
 Grantham * f>-> 
 Cniedov J 
 ff i 
 
 Lincoln 18 
 
 |*4 
 Another Read to BATH> 
 See p. 331. 
 To Newmarket a$ before 5* 
 Cambridge 1} 
 Royfton 1 5 
 Bath as before 13$ 
 
 S 
 
 Nil;
 
 
 PtOGT 
 
 181
 
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 Southern Region 
 
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