LEATHER-HEAD'S 
 

 
A NEW SYNOPSIS 
 
 OF 
 
 NOSOLOGY, 
 
 FOUNDED ON THE PRINCIPLES 
 
 OF 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY, 
 
 AND OF 
 
 THE NATURAL AFFINITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 DISEASES. 
 
 BY 
 
 G. HUME WEATHERHEAD, M.D. 
 
 MEMBER OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, 
 LECTURER ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PHYSIC AT THE 
 
 WESTMINSTER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, 
 
 CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ZOOLOGICAL 
 
 SOCIETY OF LONDON, &c. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR 
 
 S. HIGHLEY, FLEET STREET; 
 
 CHURCHILL, PRINCES STREET; RENSHAW, STRAND; 
 
 AND COX, ST. THOMAS STREET, BOROUGH. 
 
 1834. 
 
TO 
 
 W. D. WEATHERHEAD, ESQ. 
 
 MY DEAR SIR, 
 
 SITUATED as we are in the world, without 
 other family relation than that in which we stand towards 
 one another, I embrace with sincere pleasure the opportunity 
 of dedicating the following Work to you, as a small tribute of 
 my regard ; and remain, 
 
 My dear Brother, 
 
 Ever affectionately yours, 
 
 G. HUME WEATHERHEAD. 
 
 9, Upper Bedford Place, 
 Russell Square, 1st May, 1834. 
 
 2091 033 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 THE word Nosology, according to its derivation, simply 
 means a discourse on diseases ; but, by conventional 
 acceptation, it is used to signify their systematic classi- 
 fication. From the earliest periods in the history of 
 medicine, when diseases came to be treated of in books, 
 irregular vestiges of this department of medical science 
 are to be found ; and hence we observe the father of 
 our art, Hippocrates, arranging diseases in groups, 
 founded on some real or supposed analogy between 
 them, or treating of them collectively, as they affect 
 particular organs or parts of the body. As a know- 
 ledge of the nature of diseases became more correct 
 and extended, we find, in later successive writers, 
 greater precision and method in their classification ; 
 but Nosology, as a distinct branch of medical science, 
 takes its origin from a period comparatively modern. 
 Plater, who wrote in the beginning of the seventeenth 
 century, was the first to sketch the penumbra of what 
 is now understood by a synoptical classification of dis- 
 eases. In his work on the Practice of Medicine, pub- 
 lished at Basle in 1602, this author succeeded in making 
 a first step towards a systematic arrangement of dis- 
 eases, especially those affecting the nerves of sense and 
 motion. 
 
vi INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 But it was Francois Boissier de Sauvages who com- 
 piled the first professed Synopsis on the classification 
 of diseases. This work appeared in 1731, merely 
 as outlines, which he subsequently republished, after 
 taking above thirty years to complete it, in 1762, under 
 the title of Nosologia Methodica. This illustrious 
 writer's arrangement comprehends ten classes a sub- 
 division which of itself shews its vagueness ; yet our 
 admiration and gratitude are not the less due to Sau- 
 vages for having been the pioneer in this arduous and 
 difficult undertaking ; and to evince how far he ac- 
 complished it, it is only necessary to remark, that he 
 formed several entire classes and orders which have 
 been adopted by every nosologist who has succeeded 
 him. 
 
 The Synopsis of Linnaeus and Vogel appeared 
 almost immediately afterwards ; the one at Upsal in 
 1763, the other at Gottingen in 1764, without either 
 of these having made any manifest improvement in the 
 classification. Linnaeus even augmented the nnmber 
 of classes to eleven ; and many of his genera are no- 
 thing more than symptoms, such as anxietas, languor, 
 lassitude, stupor, pruritus, tussis, stertor, delirium, &c. 
 Vogel makes a similar number of classes, and also enu- 
 merates a variety of mere symptoms as diseases, such 
 as nausea, tenesmus, ructus, &c. ; but his definitions 
 are to be admired for their descriptive terseness. 
 Macbride, Sagar, and the illustrious Cullen, followed. 
 Of the first of these writers as a nosologist, little need be 
 remarked, since candour obliges us to say, that he has 
 done nothing to advance pathological classification. 
 Sagar, again, whose work appeared at Vienna in 1776, 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. VH 
 
 although he makes so many as thirteen classes, shews 
 throughout his work much admirable distinctness and 
 method; and many of his definitions are models of lucid 
 acumen of comprehension. Indeed, it may be observed 
 of the general character of the several systems of noso- 
 logy, up to the time of Cullen, that it was not so much 
 in improving the classification of diseases, as in more 
 accurately separating them from one another, and 
 defining their distinctive symptoms, that any progress 
 was made. 
 
 Of Cullen we scarcely know whether most to admire 
 the beautiful simplicity and clearness of his method, or 
 the philosophical comprehension of his genius. As 
 Sydenham has so deservedly obtained the appellation 
 of the English Hippocrates, so may we, with equal 
 justice, bestow on this immortal ornament of our pro- 
 fession the title of the Scottish Father of Medicine. 
 Cullen, with that precision of thought which so emi- 
 nently distinguished him, reduced the number of classes 
 to four ; but his methodical arrangement is too gene- 
 rally known to make it requisite to particularise it. 
 Various other Synopses of Nosology have been put 
 forth by different eminent men in England, amongst 
 whom Parr, Young, and Good, are the most noted. It 
 is not my intention, neither would it afford me any satis- 
 faction, to enter into an examination of the principles 
 on which they are founded. It were hypocrisy to pre- 
 tend an unqualified, or even modified, approbation of 
 their several methods, seeing that I have adopted for 
 myself, in this Synopsis, one so very opposite. I may 
 merely observe, that of the three, the system of the last 
 of these writers is the one that most outrages every 
 
viii INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 natural affinity; and although Dr. Good makes an 
 objection to Dr. Cullen's arranging itch and broken 
 bones (as he facetiously expresses it) together, it seems 
 he himself saw no incongruity in classing toothach 
 (odontia dolorosa) with prolapsus ani (proctica ex- 
 ania), as species of the first and last genus of his first 
 class and order. Elsewhere we find cataract, amau- 
 rosis, staphyloma, and strabismus, all indiscriminately 
 arranged as consecutive species of the same genus 
 (parapsis). Indeed, throughout the whole work, ex- 
 amples of the same incongruity are to be found ; but 
 such was to be expected, as the unavoidable conse- 
 quence of a synoptical arrangement founded on a sys- 
 tem that could not possibly coincide, in most instances, 
 with affinities either natural or pathological. 
 
 Medical practitioners, of any experience, have long 
 been aware of the obvious differences between the 
 pathological alterations and terminations that take 
 place when tissues, distinct in their kinds, become 
 the seat of morbid action. The first writer who most 
 impressively pointed out this circumstance, was Dr. 
 Carmichael Smyth ; and the reader will find an ex- 
 cellent paper on this subject in the second volume of 
 the Medical Communications, p. 168, published in 
 1788 ; but the subject did not entirely escape the no- 
 tice even of the earlier nosologists, for we find Sauvages 
 separating the phlegmasiae into the membranous and 
 parenchymatous. Pinel, some years afterwards, and 
 apparently without the least knowledge of Dr. Car- 
 michael Smyth's paper on the subject, adopted a pre- 
 cisely similar principle in his Nosographie Philoso- 
 phique, in treating of the inflammations as they affect 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. IX 
 
 distinct tissues, which, in the first edition of his work, 
 was confined to the pathological differences specifically 
 distinguishing the mucous and serous tissues only. It 
 was from this outline, furnished by Pinel, that Zavier 
 Bichat extended the idea to the analysis, natural and 
 pathological, of all the tissues of the body ; and 
 eighteen months after the publication of Pinel's work, 
 his treatise on the membranes appeared, a model of 
 precision, originality, and of philosophical analysis as 
 applicable to disease, hitherto unknown in the develop- 
 ment and illustration of pathological anatomy and phy- 
 siology. 
 
 Carmichael Smyth and Pinel were the first, as I 
 have already observed, who pointed out the identity of 
 the physiological and pathological characters of similar 
 tissues, though situated at a distance from each other. 
 Yet it is to Zavier Bichat, the John Hunter of France, that 
 is due the distinction of perfecting these new views, by 
 forming them into groups and classing them in systems, 
 each performing its characteristic function in health, 
 and presenting its own peculiar pathological pheno- 
 mena in disease. A persuasion, very generally enter- 
 tained, is, that a minute knowledge of anatomy is 
 neither essential nor useful either to the physician or 
 surgeon. I hope to be able to shew, in the sequel, 
 that this is a mistaken notion ; and that an accurate and 
 intimate acquaintance with the most minute and deli- 
 cate structures of the body, is absolutely required to 
 understand, not less the laws of morbid action than 
 those of natural physiology ; for if we trace the multi- 
 form phenomena, either of health or of disease, up to 
 
X INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 their elemental agents, we shall find these to be the 
 ultimate extremities of every active organic structure. 
 
 The study of the pathognomonic characters of the 
 diseases of particular tissues teaches us to distinguish, 
 by symptoms, when the morbid action extends to 
 another tissue that is contiguous, yet different, as we 
 see when the inflammation of the conjunctival coat of 
 the eye extends to the sclerotic, as well as when it 
 creeps from one organ to another where the tissue is 
 similar, as from the peritonaeal tunic of the under sur- 
 face of the liver to the outer tunic of the stomach, or 
 from the upper surface of the liver to its expansion over 
 the under side of the diaphragm ; and hence the nausea 
 and vomiting in the one case, and the cough and hiccup 
 in the other. 
 
 But the parts of the animal machine the study of 
 which has thrown most light of late on pathological 
 physiology, are those of the different tissues, in relation, 
 first, to their structure, and afterwards to their func- 
 tions. It is by knowing these that we are enabled to 
 perceive the natural alliance which exists between ana- 
 tomy, physiology, and pathology, and by which we 
 come analytically to connect symptoms with the dis- 
 order or disorganisation of organs, since each tissue, we 
 find, has not only a mode of disease daction peculiar to 
 it, but likewise possesses its own particular sensibilities 
 and irritabilities. For example, exposure to the ex- 
 ternal air causes little comparative uneasiness in the 
 mucous tissues ; the uterus, or the lower portion of the 
 rectum, may prolapse, and remain so without causing 
 any acute pain or inflammation, while the access of 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XI 
 
 the atmospherical air to a serous or fibrous structure 
 is altogether different allow it but to enter the 
 cavity of the abdomen, or of a joint, and you have 
 inflammation to a violent degree excited, and pain the 
 most excruciating. 
 
 Different structures, again, are sensitive to stimu- 
 lants of very opposite kinds. The fibrous structures, 
 for example, such as the ligaments, can bear to be cut 
 with a knife, or cauterised, with perfect immunity from 
 pain ; but they can neither be extended or distended 
 with the same impunity ; while the liver, the lungs, 
 and heart, the hemispheres of the cerebrum and cere- 
 bellum, the ganglions and filaments of the great sym- 
 pathetic all these parts, in a healthy state, are per- 
 fectly insensible to mechanical irritation : they can be 
 cut, stretched, or torn, without causing pain. 
 
 It is told of Bichat, that he was nonplused one day 
 by a question put to him by a patient he had just 
 operated upon why he should have felt so many dif- 
 ferent kinds of pain in the division of the different 
 parts of the limb which had been amputated why 
 the pain was not the same in the section of the skin, 
 of the nerves traversing the subcutaneous cellular mem- 
 brane, the muscles, the bone, and the marrow? Bichat 
 was compelled to acknowledge his ignorance. Subse- 
 quent reflection on this subject, aided by Pinel's pre- 
 vious attempt at its elucidation, led this comprehensive 
 and original thinker to the discovery that each tissue 
 had its own peculiar vitality, and was endowed with 
 its own particular sensibility the two grand principles 
 on which depend all the phenomena characterising 
 their states both of health and disease. It is to these 
 
xii INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 peculiarities that is to be attributed the multitude of 
 words by which we designate pain ; the sensation may 
 be burning, corroding, pricking, itching; it may be 
 excruciating, throbbing, pungent, lancinating, tensive, 
 wrenching, racking, gnawing, tearing, griping ; it may 
 be acute, dull, heavy, or obtuse : all of which, and 
 many more, were it necessary to enumerate them, 
 depend mainly on the nature of the tissue which is the 
 precise seat of the sensation. 
 
 It is upon these circumstances, too, that the cha- 
 racteristic symptoms of a disease so frequently depend, 
 as well as their tendency to terminate in a particular 
 manner. The pain, as I have already observed, of 
 inflammation of a mucous tissue, is never so acute as 
 when a serous or fibrous membrane forms the seat of 
 the morbid action. The pain attendant on a severe 
 catarrh is not near so violent as that on a slight pleu- 
 ritis ; phlegmonous inflammations are apt to terminate 
 in suppuration ; the fibrous can scarcely be said to do 
 so at all, if not involved in the process by the ulcera- 
 tion of contiguous parts. 
 
 The identity of all morbid phenomena depending 
 upon conformity of tissue, and of the organic function 
 of parts, though distant and isolated from each other, 
 not only establishes the respective affinities which so 
 many diseases have one with another, but it also illus- 
 trates the connexion between a suite of symptoms set 
 up in the same disease. Gonorrhoea, for example, 
 which is a virulent inflammation of the mucous lining 
 of the urethra, is readily transmitted by contagion to 
 the mucous lining of the eye-lids; and, on the other 
 hand, the matter of purulent ophthalmia, if applied to 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XH1 
 
 the urethra, will produce a like disease in the part. 
 All the leading symptoms of measles, again, are varied 
 affections of the mucous tissues, and the particular 
 manner in which they are grouped forms the specific 
 character of this disease : the suffusion of the eyes, 
 the coryza, the soreness of the fauces, the hoarseness, 
 and cough, are every one of them affections of the 
 mucous membranes; so is the subsequent diarrhoea, 
 when it ensues ; and the eruption itself has its seat 
 in the thin mucous tissue connecting the vessels of 
 the rete vasculosum. Here we have a concourse of 
 symptoms demonstrating the utility of an analytic 
 system of pathology founded on the principles of ge- 
 neral anatomy. It has hitherto appeared an anomaly 
 to many to class with scarlatina that form of it which 
 simply affects the fauces, without being accompanied 
 by any cutaneous efflorescence ; but when it is viewed 
 in 'its real pathological character as a specific disease 
 affecting a particular tissue of the skin, and when we 
 know that this very tissue is prolonged into the fauces, 
 the anomaly vanishes. Scarlatina, in this point of view, 
 does not depart in reality, though it may in appearance, 
 from its essential character ; but remains perfectly true 
 to it, both pathologically and anatomically. It was 
 ignorance of these circumstances that made Cullen 
 class this disease, the malignant sore throat of so many 
 writers, among his incongruous group of the Cynanches. 
 Bichat divided all the functions of life into two 
 great classes, the animal and organic. The first com- 
 prehends those which relate to things external of the 
 body ; the second has reference to the functions which 
 serve to the continually alternating composition and 
 
XIV INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 decomposition of the different parts of the body. The 
 brain he made the central organ of the one, the 
 heart of the other. The physiological phenomena ex- 
 hibited by the nerves, the muscular system, and the 
 senses, he especially appropriated to the first ; digestion, 
 circulation, respiration, exhalation, absorption, secre- 
 tion, nutrition, and calorification,* to the second. But 
 a little consideration will soon convince us that this 
 division of Bichat's is more plausible than real, having 
 no foundation in nature ; and its artificial character will 
 be obvious the moment we apply it to the elucidation 
 of disease. Every organic function, it is needless to 
 say, is performed through nervous influence ; and the 
 differences in the phenomena between the animal and 
 organic functions are, therefore, mere modes of one 
 and the same power. 
 
 1 hope to make obvious, in the sequel, the pro- 
 priety, as well as utility, of founding Nosology on the 
 properties of the tissues, as far as our knowledge of 
 them goes : the similarity of their several symptoms 
 when diseased, the resemblance in their results or 
 effects, and, above all, the sameness of the principle 
 requisite to be pursued in their treatment, in whatever 
 part of the body the tissue may be situated, all demon- 
 
 * I may take this occasion to remark, that calorification is, in 
 the strict literal sense of the word, a secretion performed bv the 
 capillary vessels a separation, in fact, of a portion of the caloric, 
 combined in a latent form, from the mass of the blood, in the ac- 
 complishing of which it seems probable the laws of electricity are 
 concerned, since it is known that the blood, in passing from the 
 capillary arteries into the capillary veins, passes from a positive 
 into a negative state of electricitv. 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XV 
 
 strate the advantages derivable from a classification 
 taking this principle for its foundation. 
 
 On referring to systematic, and other writers, on 
 diseases, we have recurring in almost every page occa- 
 sion for surprise at the Protean form that the symptoms 
 of the same disease are described as assuming now 
 present, now absent, sometimes acute, at other times 
 obtuse ; and if we come to examine how this happens, 
 we shall find that it is attributable, in almost every 
 instance, to the morbid action not being seated in the 
 same tissue. This is more particularly observable in 
 the diseases of compound organs ; but in all these 
 cases, on properly locating the seat of the morbid 
 action, all contrariety and contradiction in the symp- 
 tomatology is got rid of at once. It is true the mor- 
 bid action set up in one tissue will, and does fre- 
 quently, extend to a different tissue immediately con- 
 tiguous, and then the symptoms peculiar to each 
 become mixed; but, even in this case, a knowledge 
 of these peculiarities assists rather than confounds the 
 correctness of our judgment as to the nature and ex- 
 tent of the disease ; for it will always be found, that 
 the assemblage of symptoms present was not of simul- 
 taneous appearance, but that a part of them was 
 superinduced on the other; thus shewing the pro- 
 gression of the diseased action by extension or sym- 
 pathy. 
 
 I have already noticed the different degrees of 
 sensibility and irritability possessed by the different 
 tissues; and the consideration of this circumstance 
 also tends to elucidate morbid phenomena. Disor- 
 ganisations, for example, are most apt to occur in those 
 
XVI INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 tissues possessing no great degree of vascularity and 
 little sensibility, or in those which possess more irrita- 
 bility than sensibility. In all these instances, inflam- 
 matory action obtains an irritable character rather 
 than one of intensity and activity ; and such is ordi- 
 narily the case when the diseased action lodges more 
 in the purely sentient properties of the part than in 
 its vascular structure. However, though great vascu- 
 larity be in general accompanied with a corresponding 
 degree of sensibility, this must be received with some 
 modification. Thus, the lips are extremely vascular ; 
 but then it is the skin covering them that is the most 
 sentient part of them ; and hence it is we see these 
 parts obnoxious to subacute inflammatory action of a 
 malignant character, ending frequently in cancerous 
 disorganisation rather than in healthy suppuration; but, 
 with some few exceptions, it may be said that in parts 
 which are equally vascular and sensible, inflammatory 
 action is ordinarily of an acute form, and speedily ter- 
 minates either in resolution, suppuration, or gangrene. 
 The action, in the first case, is more indolent, but 
 more obstinate, and yields less readily to those means 
 known as effectual in controlling inflammation ; and 
 even when entirely subdued to all appearance, it is a 
 species of inflammation readily re-excited. The above 
 is another example illustrating the important fact, that 
 there is no detaching anatomy, physiology, and pa- 
 thology, from each other in a practical point of view 
 and the circumstances likewise indicate how much 
 scope there is for the institution of a system of thera- 
 peutics that shall connect the materiae medicae with 
 the tissues, by shewing, not merely the general effects 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XV11 
 
 of medicines on the common sensorium, but also the 
 local operation of particular medicines on specific 
 tissues. 
 
 It now becomes necessary to say a few words in 
 explanation of the plan adopted in arranging the fol- 
 lowing Synopsis of Nosology. 
 
 The author has found that he has been able, by 
 following the natural affinities, to classify all the dis- 
 eases resulting from the derangements proper to the 
 body, spontaneous and incidental, under four principal 
 heads. These form his classes namely, the PHLOGO- 
 TICI, or pure inflammatory diseases ; the H^MAPHAR- 
 MATICI, or those diseases which originate from a miasm 
 or poison entering the healthy blood, and tainting it ; 
 thirdly, the NEUROTICI, which comprehend all those 
 diseases arising from affections of the nervous system, 
 unaccompanied by any apparent structural disorganisa- 
 tion.; while the last class, or the VITIA, comprises all 
 accidental disfigurations, new morbid formations, ex- 
 traneous lodgments, and congenital malformations. 
 
 The first class, or the pure inflammations, consists 
 of two orders fevers purely inflammatory, produced 
 by the ordinary causes of idiopathic inflammation; and 
 the inflammations of the membranous tissues. The 
 diseases of the first order are few, and of rare occur- 
 rence as idiopathic affections, particularly the first of 
 the species, or Synocha, to institute which it is manifest 
 that the subject of it must be in that perfect state of 
 health in which there exists no morbid predisposition 
 whatever ; so that, when the morbid phenomena are 
 fully instituted, the inflammatory action shall evince 
 no particular local determination a condition of the 
 
XV1I1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 system so seldom met with, and so difficult to sus- 
 tain, as the habits of society are constituted, that we 
 cannot wonder at the rareness of its occurrence. 
 
 The diseases of the second order, again, which are 
 infinitely more common, comprehend exactly all those 
 inflammatory affections wherein the general equilibrium 
 of the inflammatory action just spoken of has no 
 existence ; in which, on the contrary, the morbid 
 action is either confined to a particular part, without 
 involving the vascular system generally, or, synocha 
 being present, it is accompanied with some particular 
 local determination, constituting, in fact, the mem- 
 branous inflammations. This order is divided into 
 two sub-orders the one including the inflammations 
 of the tegumentary tissues, both idiopathic and sympa- 
 thetic the other those of the internal membranes. 
 
 It is this last sub-order that contains such a multi- 
 tude of diseases, which, though all purely inflammatory, 
 yet evince very marked differences in their pathological 
 characters, owing to the great diversity in the struc- 
 ture of the tissues affected. The author, taking Bichat 
 as his guide, has divided these into the mucous, the 
 serous, the fibrous, and the cellular, to which he has 
 ventured to add another, the albuminous; and, although 
 Bichat has many more tissues, the author has found 
 the preceding sufficiently numerous for all useful pa- 
 thological purposes. 
 
 There is a class of diseases instituted within the 
 body that are strictly humoral in their nature, pro- 
 duced by miasms or poisons being introduced into the 
 healthy blood, either by inhalation or by inoculation 
 purposely performed, or accidentally inflicted. These 
 
INTRODUCTORY RKMAHKS. 
 
 form the author's second class, or the Heemapharma- 
 tici; and, differing as they do in their nature essen- 
 tially from all other diseases, they can only be properly 
 arranged by themselves. This class includes the fevers 
 produced by miasms, whether of a vegetable or animal 
 origin ; likewise all those exanthems occasioned by 
 infection, contagion, or inoculation ; thus limiting the 
 name to those efflorescences that ordinarily occur but 
 once during life ; and lastly, it associates with these, 
 but in a distinct order, the morbid effects of animal 
 poisons, not febrile or exanthematous, which, on enter- 
 ing the healthy blood, attack the vital principle. 
 
 The diseases of the nervous system, like the Phlo- 
 gotici, are numerous and varied, and form the third 
 class of this synoptical arrangement the Neurotici. 
 I have divided them into four orders. In the first the 
 reader will find those affections which are characterised 
 by -aberrations of the judgment; in the second, the 
 diseases affecting the nerves of sensation ; in the third 
 are placed the diseases proceeding from affections of 
 the nerves of motion ; while the last, the most numerous 
 list of the whole, comprises the diseases of organic 
 function. In none of the nosological systems hitherto 
 published do these form a distinct group, a circum- 
 stance which has necessarily compelled the author to 
 assume a new term to designate the order to which 
 they belong ; and he has fixed upon the Greek word 
 igy^TiJco? to form its denomination. A similar reason 
 has obliged him to find other new names for some of 
 the tribes into which the order is subdivided. The 
 diseases proceeding from the function of sanguification, 
 for example, are ranged under the tribe Hsemapoietici ; 
 
XX INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 those ensuing from the state of the circulation he has 
 classed under the Hsemacyclici ; the functional diseases 
 of the appetites form the Orectici ; the tribe Eccritici 
 denotes the disorders of the secretions ; while the func- 
 tional diseases of the womb connected with pregnancy 
 are arranged under the Cyetici. The last three of 
 these tribes do not require any particular explanation ; 
 but as the diseases belonging to the first two have never 
 yet been grouped together as functional diseases, even 
 by implication, a few words may be necessary to ex- 
 plain the author's views of the matter. 
 
 The function of sanguification is capable of three 
 different conditions : blood may be elaborated in excess, 
 and thus induce not only a morbid predisposition, but a 
 diseased state of the body itself, constituting, in fact, 
 plethora; sanguification, again, may, through a debility 
 of function, be defectively performed, thus constituting 
 the disease called anaemia ; and, lastly, the function 
 may be depraved, and instead of elaborating healthy 
 blood, a corrupt fluid may be the result of the morbid 
 process, and thus give rise to scurvy. All these three 
 conditions of the blood, it may be observed, are not only 
 diseases of themselves, but they embody morbid sequelae 
 that are frequently of a more fatal tendency than the 
 diseased state from which they ensue. Hence it is that 
 we see a foundation laid by the first for secondary apo- 
 plexy, that is, rupture of some of the blood-vessels 
 within the head from engorgement and congestion, or 
 for some violent internal inflammation ; while, in the 
 other two, we find dropsical effusions into various cavi- 
 ties of the body as their very ordinary consequence. 
 
 The diseases induced from the state of the circu- 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. Xxi 
 
 lation are not less interesting, and are of still more 
 common occurrence. To the functional diseases of the 
 circulation appertain all sanguineous congestions and 
 fluxes, both active and passive, and their sequelee are 
 perhaps still more fatal than those ensuing from the 
 diseases of sanguification. Apoplexies and palsies are 
 their sequences ; and if the sanguineous fluxes do not 
 of themselves prove directly fatal, they are sure, by 
 long continuance or frequent recurrence, first to induce 
 an artificial state of anaemia, and consecutively to be 
 followed by the sequelae of this state dropsical effusions. 
 The mention of sequelae leads me naturally to re- 
 mark, that diseases are not all primary in their nature, 
 although, in arranging them, nosologists have never yet 
 drawn the proper distinction between them ; on the 
 contrary, a great number of diseases are entirely morbid 
 results of the primary disease, and many are again the 
 sequences of these very morbid results themselves. 
 Each of these the reader will find arranged in the 
 natural order of their sequences in this new Synopsis 
 a method that has not hitherto been adopted by any 
 preceding nosologist. But it may be well to elucidate 
 my meaning more distinctly, by exemplifying it. Let 
 us take sub-acute hepatitis as the primary disease : a 
 common morbid consequence of this is the interstitial 
 deposition of coagulable lymph into its structure, 
 which, on becoming organised, constitutes scirrhus of 
 the liver. This is a sequela of the primary morbid 
 action, but it is not its ultimate result, as we shall see 
 by pursuing the subject a little further. Scirrhosity 
 gives a preternatural solidity and induration to the 
 liver : this naturally presents a constant and powerful 
 
XX11 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 obstruction to the free return of the venous blood from 
 several of the abdominal viscera ; a mechanical haemo- 
 stasis or congestion of necessity takes place in all the 
 branches of the vena porta, which, in order to relieve 
 themselves of the engorgement, force into the exhalants 
 opening into the cavity of the abdomen an undue por- 
 tion of serosity greater than the absorbents can remove, 
 the morbid consequence of which is ascites. Here, 
 then, we have two consecutive morbid sequelae, each 
 constituting a specific disease, the one being the sub- 
 sequelae of the other, besides the primary disease ; in- 
 deed, it not unfrequently happens, that all these three 
 morbid states shall simultaneously co-exist. The fol- 
 lowing, therefore, presents an illustrative diagram of 
 the subsequent synoptical arrangements : 
 
 Species 1. HEPATITIS. 
 Variety, a. Sub-acuta. 
 Sequela, a. Scirrhus. 
 Sub-sequela, a. Ascites. 
 
 b. Htemorrhoea intestinalis. 
 a. Recti. 
 
 The reader will further perceive b. Hcemorrhcea intes- 
 tinalis and a. Recti superadded, by which it is intended 
 to indicate, that sometimes, instead of dropsy being the 
 sequela, as explained above, intestinal haemorrhcea 
 shall be the morbid consequence of the sanguineous 
 engorgement; and the word " Recti" is placed to shew 
 when this proceeds from a particular part of the intes- 
 tines, that is, from the haemorrhoidal veins. 
 
 This method of indicating the series of sequence and 
 affinity is preserved throughout this Synopsis ; and the 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXU1 
 
 author has bestowed his utmost attention to deduce them 
 in their proper order and place, so as to present to the 
 reader not merely a correct nosological arrangement as 
 to the nature of diseases in general, but a synoptical 
 diagram, at the same time, of the relation they hold 
 one with another, as consecutive series. 
 
 The advantages of this arrangement to the younger 
 members of the profession, and to students in medicine 
 in particular, will be obvious, from its placing morbid 
 phenomena before them based on the method of ana- 
 lysis. It is only thus that the natural alliances of 
 diseases can be perceived, by connecting them together 
 according to their pathological character, by which 
 their affinities become obvious and intelligible, instead 
 of classifying them, as has been done hitherto, in a 
 manner wherein their natural relations were so much 
 disregarded. For what can more forcibly exemplify 
 this, than the practice of indiscriminately classing the 
 sequelae and sub -sequelae of diseases as genera or 
 species, among those of a primary nature, to which they 
 are imagined to bear some vague analogical affinity ? 
 The dropsies, for example, are placed, even by the 
 sagacious Cullen, in his order Intumescentiae, among 
 which we find, most incongruously assembled together, 
 Polysarcia, the different chronic morbid enlargements 
 of the viscera, Emphysema, Rickets, &c., and all from 
 the single and indefinite character of tumefaction, being- 
 common to them all. Sauvages goes even farther, and 
 arranges retention of urine along with the dropsies. 
 The class " Dolores," again, among the older nosolo- 
 gists, afforded greater scope for still more inconsistent 
 arrangements; and in later times we find Willan, from 
 b2 
 
XXIV INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 similar inaccuracy in adopting a fallacious criterion of 
 distinction, congregating itch in the same order with 
 small-pox. The principle, again, which Dr. Good 
 adopted, relieved him from all observance of the affi- 
 nities, either natural or pathological ; and when these 
 do coincide with his arrangement, it is altogether attri- 
 butable, as a matter of accident, to the essential nature 
 of the function forming the class and order. It is thus 
 that the arrangement of his Neurotica does not evince 
 the same want of pathological connexion as we are 
 compelled to observe in his classification of the diseases 
 of the " Digestive Function," or among the multifarious 
 and opposite diseases included in the affections of the 
 " Sexual Function." 
 
 The plan of the following Synopsis, differing as it 
 does in so many respects from any other, has, as a 
 matter of necessity, compelled the author to form and 
 employ some new words, in a few instances ; but, in 
 venturing to do so, he has striven to conform them with 
 the spirit of the accepted nomenclature of the day, and 
 to introduce as few of them as he possibly could. For 
 the most part, the new terms are formed to denote the 
 nature of the new arrangement, and are therefore con- 
 fined principally to the more abstract terms, such as 
 the names of orders, tribes, and genera ; and if, in one 
 or two instances, he has presumed to change the name 
 of a species, it has been solely for the sake of preserving 
 a consistent uniformity, and only then where the term 
 in use was either a solecism or an incorrect application 
 of it with respect to its etymology, or to the pathologi- 
 cal meaning it was employed to convey. No word is 
 more frequently applied improperly by medical writers 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 than one in very ordinary use the word chronic. 
 According to the meaning of its etymon (Agaves), it 
 ought to imply, speaking of a disease, one that has 
 lasted for some time ; for it is manifestly a solecism in 
 language to say of any disease that it was chronic at 
 its commencement ; and yet this is done every day. 
 A person who is affected with one of the species of 
 rheumatism, though it may be for the first time, is said 
 to be attacked with chronic rheumatism. Now, though 
 a disease may by persistence subside into a chronic 
 state, it always begins either in an acute or sub-acute 
 form ; and in the above instance, therefore, the disease 
 is sub-acute rheumatism, not chronic. But this is not 
 the only inaccuracy entering into the acceptation of the 
 word chronic. When employed to denote the last 
 stage of an acute disease, such as that state of debility 
 of the veins remaining after acute conjunctivitis, the 
 latter periods of a catarrh, or of gonorrho?a when the 
 muculent discharge results more from relaxation than 
 inflammation, that I conceive to be its proper applica- 
 tion and meaning ; but the term is abused when it is 
 employed to designate, what it often is, that state of 
 re-excitement to which very many sub-acute inflamma- 
 tions are liable : here, though the disease be of long- 
 standing, its exacerbation cannot be considered of a 
 chronic nature, but only a renewal of the sub-acute 
 morbid action. 
 
 The name of every disease ought to express, as per- 
 fectly, and in as concise a manner as language will 
 admit, both the nature of the disease and the exact 
 seat of it. Thus the termination itis is now made by 
 convention to denote inflammation ; and when this is 
 
XXvi INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 united with the name of the part inflamed, we have the 
 disease accurately signified. It is from such a reason 
 that the author has not hesitated to adopt several very 
 useful words, especially those indicative of several 
 ophthalmic diseases, as blepharitis, dachryo-cystitis, &c. 
 from some of the best German writers ; and in one or 
 two instances he has been induced to alter the nomen- 
 clature, where this was egregiously improper, as in the 
 case of gonorrhrea and haemorrhois, adapting the new 
 term to the general model ; and, in another instance or 
 two, the author has been obliged to form a new word 
 altogether, from none being in existence designating 
 the disease, such as the sub-acute inflammation which 
 affects the tunica vaginalis lining the scrotum and co- 
 vering the testis, the common sequela of which is hydro- 
 cele. But as a general rule of observance, the writer 
 has made it a point to interfere as little as possible with 
 the nomenclature in use; for, though sensible that many 
 names of diseases would not stand the strictest etymo- 
 logical scrutiny in reference to their propriety as appo- 
 site denominations, he is not the less persuaded of the 
 impropriety of introducing any improvement in this 
 respect in any other than the most gradual manner, 
 and, as it were, verbatim. 
 
 With respect to the signs employed as distinctions,, 
 in the present Synopsis, a few words will suffice to 
 explain their import : the numerals, as will be seen r 
 denote the species, the Greek letters the different va- 
 rieties of the species, and any of the varieties having 
 sub-varieties, such as being epidemic, or having more 
 forms than one, these are indicated by italic letters. 
 The morbid consequences, again, or sequelae, primary 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXV11 
 
 and secondary, are distinguished after a similar man- 
 ner. Thus, taking perichondritis, or inflammation of 
 the perichondrium, as the species, we observe that there 
 are two varieties of it simple perichondritis, such as 
 may affect the cartilages of the ribs, and synovial peri- 
 chondritis, or inflammation of the inter-articular peri- 
 chondrium. Now this last has three sub-varieties, the 
 syphilitic, the scorbutic, and the scrofulous ; while the 
 varieties of the scrofulous, again, take their denomi- 
 nation from the joints severally, as they may chance to 
 form the seat of the morbid action. The manner in 
 which these several diseases are denoted, the reader 
 will find thus : 
 
 Sp. PERICHONDRITIS. 
 a. Simplex. 
 /3. Synovialis. 
 
 a. Syphilitica. 
 
 b. Scorbutica. 
 
 c. Scrofulosa. 
 
 a. Coxendicis. 
 
 b. Genu, &c, 
 
 By " General Sequelae" it is intended to signify 
 the secondary diseases common to all the varieties col- 
 lectively ; but when a sequela immediately follows any 
 particular variety, it simply denotes the secondary dis- 
 ease belonging especially to that form, and not to the 
 others that follow. There are diseases, again, that are 
 subsidiary to the sequelae themselves, accruing, in fact, 
 from them : these the reader will find indicated under 
 the denomination of sub-sequelae. The sequelae, for 
 example, of perichondritis are two ; first, absorption of 
 
XXVI11 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 the substance of the cartilage,* by which it becomes 
 thinner, but not ulcerated; and, secondly, ulceration 
 of the cartilage, a common consequence or sub-sequela 
 of which is anchylosis. Vicarious enuresis, in conse- 
 quence of suppression of urine in nephritis, furnishes 
 another example of a subsidiary sequela, where the 
 urine is at times excreted from the skin, or it may be 
 effused into the ventricles of the brain. 
 
 For the sake of distinctness, the inflammations of the 
 several tissues have been treated of separately ; but it 
 must always be held in mind, that an inflammation 
 commencing in one tissue is extremely apt to involve 
 another, though of a different texture, if contiguous, in 
 the same diseased action. For example, inflammation 
 of the pleura covering the lungs is exceedingly liable 
 to extend to their parenchymatous structure, thus 
 forming pleuro-pneumonitis ; but in such a case the 
 inflammations of the specific tissues have each their dis- 
 
 * Some have been much inclined to doubt whether cartilage be 
 an organised part of the body, simply from the circumstance that 
 they have not been able to inject it, or to observe vessels in it 
 when evidently diseased ; but both circumstances have little 
 weight, in my judgment, as being conclusive against their vitality, 
 when we give due consideration to the fact of their being not un- 
 frequently partially absorbed without being ulcerated. To mea- 
 sure the limits of vitality by size and vermilion, is graduating the 
 powers of life by a biometer neither accurate nor applicable. 
 Neither can we inject the cornea in its healthy state, or crystal- 
 line lens, and yet disease can do both : so are they also capable of 
 being absorbed, and of having matter (coagulate lymph) deposited 
 within their structure. Is it necessary to ask, or to answer, how, 
 and by what means these effects are accomplished'? Anatomy and 
 pathology go hand in hand in reciprocally elucidating each other, 
 and both must at times be received in evidence circumstantially. 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXIX 
 
 tinctive symptoms ; and therefore, even when an inflam- 
 mation extends its sphere of action into another tissue, 
 we are enabled to detect it by the supervention of a 
 new set of symptoms. The only exception, perhaps, 
 to this law in pathology is when several distinct tissues 
 are wounded by one and the same cause ; then the 
 different sets of symptoms may be nearly simultaneous 
 in their appearance : but this is a circumstance that 
 does not affect the general law, neither can it well mis- 
 lead us. These complications, therefore, are not spe- 
 cially noticed in the following nosological arrangement. 
 To conclude, the writer may be permitted to observe 
 that it cannot be expected he should enter into a full 
 development of so extensive a subject as the present, 
 or elucidate views so important as those embraced by 
 the outline he has barely sketched, in the narrow 
 limits of an Introduction. Suffice it for the present to 
 say, -that such constitute the principles on which his 
 lectures are based. The subject has occupied his atten- 
 tion and thoughts for years ; and he fain would hope, 
 that the prosecution of it will tend to facilitate both 
 the study and the satisfactory illustration of disease, by 
 affording, to the student of medicine in particular, the 
 means of acquiring a just idea of morbid affinities; and 
 by thus associating diseases in a connected series of 
 relations and sequences, a correct knowledge of them 
 will be attained by simplifying the diversity of morbid 
 actions, which otherwise only confuse the understanding 
 by being unconnected! y subdivided, or discordantly 
 grouped. 
 
CORRIGENDA. 
 
 At page 4, insert as a sequela of 
 
 " PHLOGOSIS CUTANEA" 
 
 Absorptio ulcerativa (spontaneous excoriation), 
 p. 5. After " suppuratio (apostemd). 
 
 a. Ulcus," insert as another sequela, 
 
 b. Synocha remittens (hectic fever), 
 
 p. 15. After " TARSITIS," insert (psorophthalmia) as a sy- 
 nonym, 
 p. 25. After " PERITONITIS," insert as 
 
 Sp. 10. VAGINO-TESTITIS. Inflammation of the 
 tunica vaginalis of the testis and scrotum. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Hydrocele. 
 p. 63. After " hemiplegica," insert as sequelae, 
 
 a. Dysphagia paralytica. 
 
 b. Incontinentia urinee. 
 
 c. Dyspermatismus paralyticus. 
 
A 
 
 NEW SYNOPSIS 
 
 OF 
 
 NOSOLOGY. 
 
 Classis I. PHLOGOTICI. 
 
 PURE inflammatory diseases. 
 
 As the particular action constituting inflammation accom- 
 panies, more or less, all the idiopathic fevers arising from 
 miasms, this has induced the writer to commence his Synopsis 
 with the class Phlogotici, in preference to that in which these 
 fevers will be found arranged, and thus avoid the inconve- 
 nience and incongruity of referring to morbid actions and 
 results not previously classified. 
 
 The morbid phenomena of inflammation appear to be 
 deducible from the equilibrium of action in the circulation 
 being destroyed between the heart and larger arterial trunks 
 and their capillary extremities. 
 
 In all local inflammations, when the affection is slight, and 
 confined to an unimportant part, observation and experiments 
 have demonstrated that the action of the extreme arteries and 
 veins alone is unduly diminished, the main circulation remain- 
 ing undisturbed. But when the attack is more violent, and 
 the p'art or organ affected performs an office of consequence 
 ia the system, the heart and larger arteries become involved 
 in the morbid phenomena: their action is inordinately in- 
 creased in power and frequency, and thus institutes the 
 accompanying febrile symptoms. 
 B 
 
2 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. PYRECTICI. 
 
 Ordo I. PYRECTICI. 
 
 Fevers purely inflammatory. 
 
 The rationale of the symptoms in this order of the Phlogo- 
 tici differs from that in which the essential morbid phenomena 
 of inflammatory action are more antithetic, and consist in a 
 general idiopathic inflammatory action of the vascular system, 
 without a local determination to any particular organ. Neither 
 do they originate from any iniasm, either paludal or animal, 
 having previously entered the blood. It is this latter circum- 
 stance that essentially distinguishes the phlogotic or inflam- 
 matory from the hematic or humoral fevers. 
 
 Genus 1. CONTINENS. Of the continued type. 
 
 Species 1. SYNOCHA (inflammatory fever). 
 Varietas . Simplex. 
 /3. Biliosa. 
 
 y. Comitata. Symptomatic of some local 
 inflammation. 
 
 Sp. 2. EPHEMERA (diary fever). 
 a,. Mitis. 
 /3. Gravis. 
 y. Sudans. 
 
 Gen. II. REMITTENS. Of a remittent type. 
 
 Sp. 1. SYNOCHA REMITTENS (hectic fever). This 
 form of Synocha is always symptomatic. 
 
 Ordo II. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 Membranous inflammations. 
 
 Sub-Ordo A. TEGUMENTARII. Inflammations of the 
 membranous tissues forming the tegumentary laminae. 
 
 The French anatomists, Dutrochet and Gaultier, have 
 demonstrated that the integuments consist of six distinct 
 laminae : viz. the epidermis, the lamina cornea, the lamina 
 colorata, the lamina albida, the corpus papillare (consisting of 
 the rete vasculosum and the papillae proper), and the corion. 
 
Gen. EPIDERMICI. Sp. ICHTHYIASIS. 3 
 
 To these tissues, composing the tegumentary parts of the 
 body, the author has added the subcutaneous cellular mem- 
 brane. This tissue, by enveloping the entire body, may pro- 
 perly be considered tegumentary under this view alone ; but, 
 appropriating this arrangement still more strictly, we shall 
 see, if we examine into them, that, in the laws of its morbid 
 phenomena, the subcutaneous cellular membrane corresponds 
 with those of the other tegumentary tissues. Each of these 
 tissues is the more especial seat of specific kinds of cutaneous 
 diseases. I have said " more especial seat," because in 
 tissues so slender and so contiguous, deriving their particular 
 sets of vessels from the same source, one can seldom be 
 affected without involving, more or less, one or more of the 
 others. But while such is the fact, we still see that law in 
 the organic system observed, by which each particular tissue 
 modifies and characterises the morbid phenomena. 
 
 Tribus I. IDIOPATHICI. Of an idiopathic nature. 
 
 Gen. I. EPIDERMICI. Inflammations affecting the 
 lamina cornea. 
 
 It is this lamina of the epidermic tissue which produces 
 and reproduces the nails in man, the scales in fish and ser- 
 pents, the horns in animals, and which is constantly repro- 
 - ducing the epidermis itself. This lamina, in fact, becomes 
 epidermis on losing its vitnlity when exposed to the atmo- 
 sphere. The epithelium, which is but an introversion of the 
 epidermis lining the entire of the primae viae, undergoes a 
 similar change by long-continued eversion, as we sometimes 
 see in prolapsus of the rectum, and of the inner surface of the 
 uterus. 
 
 Sp. 1. ICHTHYIASIS (Jish-skin disease). 
 a. Simplex. 
 ft. Cornea. 
 
 Sp. 2. VERRUCA (a wart). 
 
 Sp. 3. CALLUS. A thickening of any part of the 
 epidermis from hard work, much walking, con- 
 stant attrition, &c. 
 
 Sp. 4. CLAVUS (a corn). Produced by pressure, 
 embedding an indurated portion of the lamina 
 cornea in the corion beneath. 
 
4 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 Sub- Genus PILARIS. Affecting the hair. 
 
 Sp. 1. PLICA POLONICA. An inflammatory disease 
 affecting the sheath of the hair formed by the 
 lamina cornea. 
 
 Gen. II. VASCULOSUS. Seated in the blood-vessels 
 of the rete vasculosum. 
 
 The vessels forming the net-work over the corion do not 
 properly belong to this memhrane, but merely pass through it ; 
 and from the small quantity of tissue connecting them toge- 
 ther, there is no sensible tumefaction when affected with in- 
 flammation j neither does this web suppurate readily, if no 
 other tissue be involved in the action. 
 
 Sp. 1. PHLOGOSIS CUTANEA* (idiopathic inflam- 
 mation of the skin). 
 a. ab acribus. 
 p. ab ictu insectse. 
 */. ab ambustione.f 
 
 J. a distensione subcutanea (e. g. ab anasarca). 
 t. Vesicularis (accompanied with vesications). 
 
 a. a solis calore. 
 
 b. ab irritantibus. 
 
 c. a combustura. 
 
 Gen. III. CORIACEI. Diseases having their seat in 
 the fibro-cellular tissue of the corion. 
 
 Sub-Gen. A. PROPRITJS. Affecting the corion simply. 
 
 The corion is a dense areolar web ; and the small degree 
 of vitality it possesses, from its being sparingly supplied with 
 blood-vessels, causes it to be readily chilled ; hence, also, the 
 reason why it suppurates so slowly, and heals so reluctantly. 
 
 Sp. 1. PERNIO (chilblain). 
 
 * This affection is ordinarily denominated erythema ; a word 
 which the writer proposes to confine to those sympathetic efflores- 
 cences of the same tissue proceeding from an internal cause. 
 
 t When accompanied at the same time with excoriation, this 
 becomes a wound (vide Plagx). 
 
Gen. COUIACEI. Sp. SYCOSIS. 5 
 
 Sub-Gen. B. SEBACEI. Seated in the sebaceous fol- 
 licles of the corion. 
 
 Acutus. 
 
 Sp. I. SYCOSIS. 
 a., Menti. 
 ft. Capillitii. 
 
 Sub-acutus, 
 
 Sp. 1. ACNA (stone-pock}. 
 . Simplex. 
 ft. Gutta rosea (car bunded face). 
 
 Sub-Gen. C. AREOLARES. Primarily affecting the 
 adipose cellular packets situated in the areolse of the 
 corion. 
 
 Sp. 1. FURUNCULUS. 
 . Simplex (boil), 
 ft. Anthrax (carbuncle). 
 
 a. Comitatus. Symptomatic of the plague. 
 
 Sub-Gen. D. CORIO-AREOLARES. Affecting both the 
 corion and areolse, (whence the tubercles and thick- 
 ening of the skin). 
 
 Sp. 1. ELEPHANTIASIS. 
 
 Gen. IV. SUBCUTANEI. Inflammations of the subcu- 
 taneous cellular tissue. 
 
 Superficialis. 
 
 Sp. 1. PHLEGMON. 
 . Communis. 
 ft. Phimotica (phimosis). 
 
 a. Incarcerans (prepuce irretractile). 
 
 b. Strangulans (prepuce retracted behind the 
 
 glans). 
 Sequelge. 
 
 a. Suppuratio (apostema). 
 a. Ulcus. 
 
6 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 b. Mortificatio. 
 
 a. Imperfecta (gangrana). 
 
 b. Absoluta (sphacelus). 
 Prof undo,. 
 
 Sp. 1. PHLEGMON SUBFASCIALIS. 
 
 a. Communis. 
 
 p. Paroaychica (whitlow}. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Suppuratio difFusa. 
 
 a. Ulceratio fasciarum, tendinumque. 
 
 b. Apostema psoaticum. 
 
 c. Sinus. 
 
 . Fistula. 
 
 Trib. II. SYMPATHETICI. Diseases affecting sympa- 
 thetically the tegumentary tissues. 
 
 Excepting the preceding affections of the skin, which 
 are purely idiopathic, and those originating from infectious 
 contact, all the other cutaneous diseases are sympathetic of 
 some acrimony generated idiosyncratically, or otherwise, in 
 the first passages ; and this, by irritating a particular tissue 
 of the intestines, excites by sympathy the morbid phenomena 
 we observe in the corresponding tissue of the skin. 
 
 Gen. SQUAMOSI. Seated in the lamina cornea, and 
 causing a continual re-production of the epidermis, 
 which keeps separating either in deciduous exfolia- 
 tions, or in branny scales. 
 
 Sp. 1 . Lepra (leprosy). 
 a. Vulgaris.* 
 /3. Alphoides. 
 y. Nigricans. 
 
 Sp. 2. PSORIASIS (scaly tetter). 
 ,. Guttata. 
 ft. DifFusa. 
 
 * The affection of the nails in this disease, independent of 
 other circumstances, shews its seat to be in the lamina cornea. 
 
Gen. SQUAMOSI. Sp. PSORIASIS. 7 
 
 y. Gyrata. 
 
 3. Inveterata. 
 
 8. Labialis. 
 
 . Ophthalmica. 
 
 u. Scro tails. 
 
 9-. Prseputii. 
 
 t. Palmaria. 
 
 Sp. 3. PITYRIASIS. 
 d. Capitis (dandrijf). 
 ,3. Rubra. 
 y. Versicolor. 
 S. Nigra. 
 
 The next lamina, the corpus mucosum, or lamina colorata, 
 does not seem to be especially the seat of any sympathetic 
 cutaneous affection. 
 
 Gen. II. VESICULOSI. Inflammations of the lamina* 
 albida, in which the extremities of the vessels pour 
 out serosity in form of sub-epidermic vesicles. 
 
 Sp. 1. POMPHOLYX. 
 et. Benignus. 
 ft. Diutinus. 
 y. Solitarius. 
 
 This disease is arranged by Willan under the order Bullae ; 
 but, the writer thinks, without any sufficient necessity for 
 establishing the order at all. The difference between vesicles 
 and blebs is this, that in the former, the serosity, being 
 poured out gradually, distends the cells of the vesicles with- 
 out bursting their septa ; but in blebs, the effusion taking 
 place more quickly, and in larger quantity, ruptures the cel- 
 lular septa, and the fluid of many cellules comes to be con- 
 tained in one cell or bulla. Both blebs and vesicles are often 
 seen co-existent, and produced by the same causes. The ap- 
 plication of cantharides affords a familiar example of this fact, 
 in which the fluid from the bleb is evacuated at once by a 
 
 * The laminae immediately above and below the corpus muco- 
 sum were first pointed out by Cruikshank in a negro who had 
 died of small-pox. 
 
8 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 single puncture, whereas it requires several perforations com- 
 pletely to evacuate that of a vesicle. As for the difference in 
 size of the two, that is no sure pathological criterion of dis- 
 tinction. Almost all authors now agree in doubting the exist- 
 ence of any particular disease under the name of pemphigus ; 
 it is therefore omitted in this synoptical arrangement. 
 
 Sp. 2. APHTHA (the thrush), 
 a.. Lactantium. 
 ft. Adultorum. 
 y. Anginosa. 
 . Maligna. 
 
 Sp. 3. HERPES. 
 . Phlyctaenodes. 
 /3. Zoster (the shingles), 
 y. Circinatus (the ringworm). 
 . Labialis. 
 t. Prseputialis. 
 . Iris. 
 
 Sp. 4. RUPIA. 
 . Simplex. 
 /3. Prominens. 
 y. Escharotica. 
 
 Sp. 5. ECZEMA. 
 . Spontaneum. 
 /3. Mercuriale. 
 y. a frigore. 
 
 Sp. 6. MILIARIA. 
 
 . Phlogotica. Supervening in febrile diseases ; 
 the effect of improper stimulant diet and treat- 
 ment, when producing profuse sweating. 
 
 Sub-Gen. PUSTULOSI. Inflammations affecting the 
 lamina albida, in which it seems probable the vessels 
 of the papillary tissue participate,* forming a puru- 
 lent vesicle (pustule). 
 
 * The writer is inclined to attribute the purulent nature of the 
 matter to this participation. 
 
Gen. VESICULOSI. Sp. IMPETIGO. 9 
 
 i 
 
 The Pustulosi do not appear to the author to require to be 
 ranked as a genus by themselves, but only as a sub-genus of 
 the Vesiculosi, notwithstanding that Willan has drawn so 
 marked a distinction between these two kinds of secretions. 
 It is a mistaken notion to entertain, that the matter we call pus 
 is secreted with the characters which distinguish it : the mat- 
 ter of pus is colourless when first secreted even from an open 
 ulcer, and it is only by a change which it afterwards under- 
 goes, that it assumes the yellow and what is known as the 
 purulent appearance. Van Swieten was the first to prove this 
 by direct experiment. This distinguished physician care- 
 fully wiped off the matter from the surface of a clean healthy 
 ulcer, as fast as formed, with a piece of sponge, and found it, 
 on examination, to be perfectly colourless : the same fact is 
 still more readily observed on an extensive scald. Pustules, 
 if examined in the first instance, will always be found to con- 
 tain a colourless fluid, which becomes yellow only after a time, 
 and as the pustules fill. Again, in the natural cow-pox, the 
 eruption is a pustule ; in the inoculated, it is a vesicle. This 
 circumstance evinces how nearly allied they are in indentity. 
 Indeed, it may be observed, that in almost all the vesicular 
 diseases, the fluid becomes opaque, or changes to a straw- 
 colour, before the vesicle dries up. We therefore see, that 
 the difference between pustules and vesicles is so slight as not 
 to warrant any wide distinction between the diseases they cha- 
 racterise in fact, that they are little more than modes of one 
 another, pathologically considered. 
 
 Sp. 1. IMPETIGO (humid tetter). 
 a,. Figurata. 
 /3. Sparsa. 
 y. Erysipelatodes. 
 
 $. Scabida. 
 
 i. Rodens. 
 
 Sp. 2. ECTHYMA. 
 
 at,. Vulgare. 
 /3. Infantile. 
 y. Luridum. 
 
 5. Sequelosum. Ensuing in the cachectic state 
 left after measles, small-pox, &c. 
 
 Gen. III. EFFLORESCENTES. Inflammations of the 
 rete vasculosum, shewing themselves in vivid cuta- 
 neous efflorescences. 
 
10 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBUANACEI. 
 
 Sp. 1. ERYTHEMA. 
 
 a. Fugax. 
 
 . Erraticura. 
 
 y. Marginatum. 
 
 $. Papulatum. Extending to the cellular tissues 
 
 of the papillae. 
 t. Tuberculatum. Involving the sebaceous follicles. 
 
 . Nodosum. Extending to the subcutaneous 
 cellular tissue, accompanied with partial ef- 
 fusions. 
 
 Sp. 2. ROSEOLA. Involving the papillae, and thus 
 causing the accompanying itching or tingling 
 sensation. 
 a.. JEstiva. 
 /3. Autumnalis. 
 y. Annulata. 
 
 2. Infantilis. Usually caused by dentition. 
 . Comitata. Occasionally symptomatic of gout, 
 fever, variola, and vaccinia. 
 
 Gen. IV. PAPILLARES. Inflammations sympatheti- 
 cally affecting the rete vasculosum and papillae. 
 
 As anatomy often illustrates the difficult and nicer points 
 of pathology, so does pathology sometimes elucidate, in like 
 manner, the more minute parts of anatomy. As a beautiful 
 example of the latter circumstance, I may here notice, that, 
 though the papillae over the surface generally cannot he shewn 
 in a healthy state of the skin, and their existence, therefore, 
 is admitted more hy analogy than hy actual demonstration, yet 
 when these bodies become the seat of disease, as in measles, 
 strophulus, &c. their existence in almost every part of the 
 skin is made both obvious and palpable. 
 
 Sub-Gen. A. Peculiar to infants. 
 Sp. 1. STROPHULUS. 
 
 <*. Intertinctus (red-gum). 
 
 ft. Albidus. 
 
 y. Confertus (tooth-rash). 
 
 $. Volaticus. 
 
 . Candidus. 
 
Gen. PAPILLARES. Sp. LICHEN. 11 
 
 Sub-Gen. B. Affecting adults. 
 Sp. 1. LICHEN. 
 . Simplex. 
 /3. Pilaris. 
 y. Circumscriptus. 
 2. Agrius. 
 i. Lividus. 
 
 . Tropicus (the prickly heat). 
 . Urticatus. 
 
 Sp. 2. PRURIGO. 
 Generalis. 
 
 a.. Mitis. 
 
 /3. Formicans. 
 
 y. Senilis. 
 Localis. 
 
 . Podicis. 
 
 /3. Pudendi. 
 
 y. Scroti. 
 
 5. Praeputii. 
 ; ,. . t. Urethralis. 
 
 The local varieties of Prurigo sometimes originate from 
 causes entirely idiopathic ; at other times they are purely 
 sympathetic. 
 
 The corion does not seem to he sympathetically obnoxious 
 to disease proceeding from the primee vice ; hut it is liable to 
 be involved in the inflammations of the subcutaneous cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 Gen. V. SUBCUTANEI. Sympathetic inflammatory af- 
 fections principally seated in the serous vessels of 
 the subcutaneous cellular membrane. 
 
 Sp. 1. URTICARIA (nettle-rash). This disease con- 
 sists of effusions of lymphoid serosity into detached 
 portions of the cellular tissue immediately beneath 
 the corion ; and which, by suddenly distending, 
 and thus irritating, the papillae, causes the itching 
 sensation so commonly attendant on wheals. 
 *. Febrilis. 
 
12 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 /3. Idiosyncratica. Sometimes induced by eat- 
 ing mussels, mushrooms, &c. 
 y. Evanida. 
 J. Persians. 
 t. Conferta. 
 . Tuberosa. 
 j. Larvata. 
 
 Sp. 2. ERYSIPELAS (S. Anthony's fire). Erysipelas 
 consists in an inflammatory affection of the serous 
 vessels of the subcutaneous cellular membrane 
 (whence proceeds the attendant anasarca), ex- 
 tending through the corion to the rete vasculosum 
 (whence the efflorescence), and sometimes to the 
 vessels of the lamina albida (whence the occa- 
 sional vesications).* 
 
 a. Phlegmonodes. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Apostema sero-purulens. When the corion 
 has been much involved in the inflamma- 
 tory action, a thickening of this mem- 
 brane is left, which is slow in discussing. 
 (8. (Edematodes. 
 
 a. Encephalicum. Affecting the cellular 
 
 tissue of the pia mater. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Effusio serosa cerebralis. 
 y. Malignum. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Ulceratio gangrsenosa. 
 
 3. Puerperarum (erysipelatous puerperal fever). 
 Sequela. 
 
 Effusio serosa abdominalis. 
 
 * Erysipelas appears to partake of the nature both of the ex- 
 anthems and the sympathetic cutaneous diseases. It is often 
 ushered in by a precursory fever, and is at times infectious : it is 
 also as frequently to be traced to some idiosyncratic or sympathetic 
 affection of the primse vise. 
 
Gen. VESICULO-PUSTULARES. Sp. SCABIES: J3 
 
 t. Neonatorum. Affecting infants in lying-in 
 
 hospitals. 
 Sequela. 
 Ulceratio gangrsenosa. 
 
 Trib. III. CONTAGIOSI. Pustular cutaneous diseases 
 not sympathetic, but produced by the absorption of 
 a specific contagion, confining its action to the skin, 
 and inducing eventually no constitutional symptoms 
 or sequelae. 
 
 Gen. I. VESICULO-PUSTULAKES. Appearing in the 
 form of pustules or vesicles. 
 
 The morbid action in this genus appears to be seated both 
 in the rete vasculosum and lamina albida ; affecting likewise, 
 in the first species, the nervous ramuscules of the papilla;. 
 
 Sp. 1. SCABIES (the itch). 
 at. Papuliformis. 
 p. Lymphatica. 
 
 Both scabies and impetigo exemplify that they may occa- 
 sionally be either vesicular or pustular diseases, affording 
 'another proof and instance of the little essential difference 
 there exists in any nosological distinction founded on such 
 pathological characters. 
 
 y. Purulenta. 
 S. Cachectica. 
 
 Sp. 2. PORRIGO (scald-head, #c.). 
 x. Larvalis (crusta lactea). 
 /3. Furfurans. 
 y. Lupinosa. 
 
 . Scutulata (ringworm of the scalp). 
 i. Decalvans. 
 . Favosa. 
 
14 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 Sub-Ord. B. INTERNI. Inflammations of the internal 
 membranous tissues. 
 
 Although a doubt may attach to the precision of the ap- 
 propriation of some of the diseases classed under the first sub- 
 order of the Membranacei, or those affecting the external 
 membranous or tegumentary tissues, this uncertainty, we 
 shall find, in no way applies to any of the genera affecting 
 the internal membranes. 
 
 Gen. I. Mucosi. Inflammations of the mucous mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Bichat divides the mucous membranes into two systems 
 the pneumo- gastric and the genito-urinary : the first, com- 
 mencing at the mouth and nostrils, lines the air-passages and 
 cells, and likewise the first passages ; the second begins at 
 the meatus urinariusin the male, and after furnishing an inter- 
 nal tunic to the urethra and bladder, ascends by the ureters 
 and lines the cavities of the kidneys ; while in the female it 
 commences at the vulva, and furnishes an inner tunic to the 
 womb as well as to the bladder. Lining thus the great recep- 
 tacles and emunctories of the body, these membranes are 
 almost constantly in contact with extraneous or excre~ 
 meutitious matters. This tissue, therefore, is to be regarded 
 as a sort of sentinel stationed at the barriers of the interior of 
 the system, to perform the same duty within which the skin 
 discharges at its surface : both are emunctories, both are sur- 
 faces of absorption, and both are tegumentary and protective. 
 
 The peculiar nature and office of this tissue modifies its 
 morbid affections. From the looseness of its texture there is 
 little tension present when it is inflamed, neither is the pain 
 very acute, -or the attendant fever very intense. Its most 
 ordinary termination is an increase of its proper secretion 
 (wmcus) ; and as the mucous membranes, both pneumo-gastric 
 and genito-urinary, are to be regarded strictly as introversions 
 of the cutaneous laminse, we find their diseased states both 
 originating from, and influenced by, the condition and vicis- 
 situdes of the atmosphere ; and hence, also, it is that several 
 of them are of an epidemic nature. 
 
 Sp. 1. CONJUNCTIVITIS. Inflammation of the con- 
 junctival tunic of the eye.* 
 
 * The conjunctiva, though covering the surface of the eye, 
 must yet be reckoned one of the internal membranes, proceeding 
 as it does from the inner lining of the palpebrae, and being covered 
 by the eyelids. 
 
Gen. Mucpsi. Sp. CONJUNCTIVITIS. 15 
 
 Acuta. 
 
 . Simplex. 
 
 /3. Catarrhalis. 
 
 y. Epidemica. 
 
 5. Herpetica (pustular ophthalmia, as it has 
 
 been called). 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Depositio interstitialis. 
 
 b. Ulceratio. 
 Sub-acuta. 
 
 . Encanthica. A partial, sub-acute inflam- 
 mation affecting the inner canthic portion 
 of the conjunctiva. 
 Sequela. 
 Pterygium. 
 
 /3. Indolens (a blight). 
 
 Sp. 2. BLEPHARITIS.* Inflammation of the inner 
 lining of the palpebrae, attended with a copious 
 puriform discharge. 
 x. Simplex. 
 
 /3. JUgyptiaca (Egyptian, or purulent oph- 
 thalmia). 
 
 a. Acuta. 
 
 b. Sub-acuta. 
 
 y. Virulenta. Produced by the contagious mat- 
 ter of urethritis virulenta (gonorrhoea). 
 
 3. Neonatorum. Affecting new-born infants, 
 caused by the contact of some discharge 
 of an acrid nature in its passage through 
 the vagina. 
 General sequelae. 
 
 a. Vegetationes granulares. 
 
 b. Ectropium. 
 
 c. Polypus palpebree. 
 
 Sp. 3. TARSITIS. Inflammation of the Meibomian 
 follicles of the tarsus. 
 
 *. Universalis. Affecting the whole of the tarsus. 
 
 * From /Sxi^agov, the eyelid. 
 
16 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 a. Acuta. 
 
 b. Chronica. 
 
 c. Specifica. Proceeding from a scrofulous 
 
 or syphilitic taint. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Entropium. 
 Sub-sequela. 
 
 Trichiasis. 
 
 ft. Partialis. Confined to a single follicle (hor- 
 deolum, sty). 
 
 Sp. 4. DACHRYO-CYSTITIS.* Inflammation of the 
 mucous lining of the lachrymal sac. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Fistula lachrymalis. 
 
 Sp. 5. OTITIS. Inflammation of the mucous linings 
 of the ear. 
 
 . Externa. Affecting the ceruminous follicles 
 of the external meatus. 
 
 The follicles of the mucous tissues secrete, according to 
 their particular situation, fluids differing in their qualities. 
 In the ear, for example, cerumen ; in the skin, sebum ; in the 
 tarsus, a glutinous mucosity ; in the stomach, some have be- 
 lieved that they secrete the gastric juice ; and in the bronchi, 
 intestines, &c. pure mucus. 
 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Secretio expers. When, from this 
 cause, the remaining cerumen gets in- 
 durated and impacted, a partial or total 
 loss of hearing is a common result. 
 
 b. Suppu ratio. 
 
 c. Polypus meatus auditorii. 
 
 ft. Interna. Inflammation of the mucous lining 
 
 of the tympanum. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Ulceratio. 
 
 b. Caries. 
 
 * From KU, a tear, and turns, a cyst or sack. 
 
Gen. Mucosi. Sp. OTITIS. 17 
 
 Sub-sequelee. 
 
 a. Dysecoea. 
 
 b. Cophosis organica. 
 
 Sp. 6. MYCTERITIS* (coryza). Inflammation of 
 the mucous membrane lining the nasal fossae. 
 . Idiopathica. 
 
 /3. Comitata. Symptomatic of measles, &c. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 1 . Polypus narium. 
 
 2. Anosmia. 
 
 Sp, 7. ANTRITIS. Inflammation of the mucous lin- 
 ing of the antrum maxillare. 
 
 This disease is most frequently occasioned by the irrita- 
 tion of a carious tooth. 
 
 Sequela. 
 
 Abscessus antri. 
 
 Sp. 8. FAUCITIS. Inflammation of the mucous 
 lining of the fauces. 
 
 English pathologists employ hut one name (cynanche ton- 
 sillaris) to designate two inflammations of very different struc- 
 tures, which, though frequently conjoined, exist not unfre- 
 quently distinct 1 mean the inflammation of the mucous mem- 
 brane covering the tonsils and fauces, and that of the tonsil 
 itself. The author has separated them in this Synopsis, de- 
 noting the one by the name offuucitis, the other by that of 
 tonsittitis. 
 
 a. Acuta. 
 ft. Subacuta. 
 
 y. Comitata. Accompanying several of the ex- 
 anthems. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 1. Ulceratio ccenosa (sloughing utcera- 
 
 tiori). 
 
 2. Gangrsena. 
 
 * From fAutcrn^tf, the nostrils. 
 
18 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 Sp. 9. GLOSSITIS.* Inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane and follicles of the tongue. 
 . Acuta (idiopathica). 
 p. Subacuta (symptomatica). 
 
 This state of the tongue accompanies all febrile diseases, 
 as well as most chronic visceral complaints, and is familiarly 
 known by the name of" foul tongue." 
 
 Sp. 10. PHARYNGITIS. Inflammation of the mu- 
 cous lining of the pharynx. 
 
 Sp. 11. CEsopHAGiTis. Inflammation of the mu- 
 cous lining of the oesophagus. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Polypus oesophagi. 
 
 b. Strictura oesophagi. 
 
 The parts most liable to this sequela are the cricoid, and 
 cardiac portions. 
 
 Sp. 12. LARYNGITIS. Inflammation of the mucous 
 lining of the larynx. 
 
 #. Catarrhalis (raucitas, a hoarseness). 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Dysphonia susurrans. 
 
 b. Aphonia. 
 
 /3. Pseudo-membranacea (laryngeal croup}. 
 
 Characterised by the croupy cough : the two following 
 varieties of croup are without this symptom. 
 
 Sp. 13. TRACHEITIS. Inflammation of the mucous 
 lining of the trachea. 
 . Catarrhalis. 
 /3. Pseudo-membranacea (tracheal croup). 
 
 Sp. 14. BRONCHITIS. Inflammation of the lining 
 membrane of the bronchi. 
 . Propria. 
 a. Sicca. 
 b. 
 
 * From y\uffftt, the tongue. 
 
Gen. Mucosi. Sp. BRONCHITIS. 19 
 
 Sequela. 
 
 Phthisis ulcerosa. 
 
 ft. Pseudo-membranacea (bronchial croup). 
 y. Arthritica. Not an uncommon precursor 
 and concomitant of gout. 
 
 Sp. 15. CATARRHUS. General inflammation of the 
 mucous membrane of the air-passages, extending 
 into the cells of the lungs. 
 
 . Vulgaris. 
 
 ft. Epidemicus (the influenza). 
 
 y. Senilis. 
 
 ei. Intestinalis (diarrhoea mucosa). 
 
 s. Comitatus. Symptomatic of measles, &c. 
 
 Sp. 16. GASTRITIS. Inflammation of the mucous 
 coat of the stomach. 
 ,. Acuta. 
 
 a. a causa externa proveniens. 
 
 b. a causa intus proficiscens. 
 ft. Sub-acuta (dyspepsia). 
 
 Sequela. 
 
 Carcinoma pylori. 
 
 y. Comitata. Symptomatic, in an acute form, 
 of typhus fever, &c. 
 
 Sp. 17. ENTERITIS. Inflammation of the mucous 
 tunic of the intestines. 
 a. Duodeni (duodenitis), 
 ft. Jejuni (jejunitis). 
 y. Ilei* (ileitis). 
 ^. Coli (colitis dysenteria). 
 
 a. Acuta. 
 
 b. Chronica. 
 
 c. Epidemica. 
 
 d. Complicata. Dysentery conjoined with 
 
 typhus or intermittent fever, &c. 
 
 * This variety is remarkable for the almost total absence of the 
 pain ordinarily attendant on the other forms of enteritis. 
 C 
 
20 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 i. Recti (rectitis proctitis hcemorrhois*). 
 
 a. Acuta. 
 
 b. Chronica. 
 
 . Comitata. Symptomatic, like gastritis, of 
 
 typhus fever, certain of the exanthems, &c. 
 
 Sequelae of rectitis, or inflammation of the 
 
 mucous coat of the rectum : 
 Of the Acute Hgemorrhagia. 
 Of the Chronic a. Hsemorrhoea. 
 
 b. Marisca. 
 
 c. Fistula in ano. 
 
 d. Strictura recti. 
 General sequelae. 
 
 a. Infiltratio. 
 
 b. Ulceratio. 
 
 c. Sphacelus. 
 
 Sp. 18. CYSTITIS. Inflammation of the inner coat 
 of the bladder. 
 . Acuta. 
 /8. Subacuta. 
 
 y. Chronica (blennorrhcea vesicalis). 
 $. Partialis. Confined to the cervix, and not 
 unfrequently produced by the use of strong 
 injections in urethritis virulenta (gonor- 
 rhoea}, or by the irritation of a calculus. 
 e. Traumatica. Ensuing after the operation of 
 lithotomy, &c. 
 
 * No name could well be more improper to designate inflam- 
 mation of the inner tunic of the rectum than h&morrhois, since a 
 flux of blood is not at all either an invariable or a necessary symp- 
 tom. The discharge of blood, in the first instance, is usually the 
 consequence of the strong efforts made to expel indurated fxces ; 
 indeed, the force I speak of is very commonly the primary cause 
 of the inflammation itself. When a disposition to inflammation 
 and haemorrhage has thus been laid, by the repeated occurrence of 
 the disease, the lower bowel will often inflame in consequence of 
 a common cold ; and the hasmorrhage, from the same cause, will 
 in time become both habitual and constitutional. 
 
Gen. Mucosi. Sp. METRITIS. 21 
 
 Sp. 19. METRITIS. Inflammation of the inner 
 tunic of the womb. 
 . Acuta. 
 
 a. Puerperalis. 
 /5. Subacuta. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Polypus uteri. 
 
 y. Chronica (blennorrhcea uterina leucor- 
 rhcea). 
 
 Sp. 20. VAGINITIS. Inflammation of the mucous 
 lining of the vagina and vulva. 
 . Benigna. 
 
 /3. Virulenta (gonorrhoea). 
 y. Chronica (blennorrhcea vaginalis). 
 
 Sp. 21. URETHRITIS. Inflammation of the mucous 
 lining of the urethra. 
 . Benigna. 
 
 /3. Virulenta (gonorrhoea*}. 
 y. Chronica (blennorrhcea^ urethralis, gleet}. 
 Sequela. 
 
 a. Strictura organica. 
 
 a. Dyspermatismus. 
 
 b. Dysuria. 
 
 c. Ischuria retentionis. 
 
 d. Fistula in perineo. 
 
 Gen. II. SEROSI. Inflammations of the serous tissues. 
 
 The serous membranes are of two kinds one firm in tex- 
 ture, even, diaphanous, and elastic, as the pleura, perito- 
 neum, &c. ; the other loose and cellular in structure, as the 
 sack forming the chambers of the eye and covering the iris, 
 the parietes of the cells of the cellular membrane, the lamina 
 
 * The word " gonorrhoea," signifying, as it does, a flux of 
 semen, is obviously an improper name to designate an inflamma- 
 tion of the urethra of a virulent nature attended with a flux of 
 mucns. 
 
 t From /SXma, mucus, and piu/ri;, a flux. 
 
22 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 albida of the cutis, &c. On the open surfaces of all, a lym- 
 pboid serosity is being constantly poured out from the orifices 
 of the exhalant arteries that terminate on their surface, which 
 is as constantly being removed, in a state of health, by the 
 absorbents. The first of these kinds, when inflamed, is at- 
 tended with acute pain and fever ; the pulse varies in the 
 different forms of this disease, being full and hard in pleuritis, 
 small and sharp in peritonitis ; the skin is dry and parched, 
 the symptoms rapid in their progress, and the disease at 
 times characterised by insidious remissions. The morbid 
 terminations of these inflammations, in their acute stage, are 
 albuminous exudations and adhesions; purulent matter is 
 often formed on their surface, or they may terminate iu 
 gangrene ; and, in their chronic stage, they pour out 
 serosity abounding in albumen, and hence readily coagulahle 
 by heat.* 
 
 Sp. 1. DURA-MENINGITIS (phrenitis^). Inflamma- 
 tion of the serous lamina of the dura mater. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. EfFusio serosa. 
 
 b. Suppuratio. 
 
 Sp. 2. ARACHNITIS. Inflammation of the arach- 
 noid membrane of the brain. 
 . Idiopathica. 
 
 /3. Sympathetica. Sympathetic of irritation of 
 the chylopoietic and assistant-chylopoietic 
 viscera. 
 
 y. Idiosyncratica. Strumous arachnitis. 
 5. Comitata. Symptomatic of various fevers. 
 i. Traumatica. Caused by external violence. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Hydrocephalus. 
 
 Sp. 3. IRITIS. Inflammation of the serous mem- 
 brane covering both sides of the iris, and lining 
 the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. 
 
 " It is this circumstance which particularly distinguishes this 
 effusion from that which is the consequence of dropsy. 
 
 t This is obviously a very improper name for any disease ; 
 since, according to the pathological meaning now attached to itis, 
 it signifies inflammation of the mind. 
 
Gen, SEROSI. Sp. IRITIS. 23 
 
 <*. Acuta. 
 ft. Subacuta. 
 
 y. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of syphilis, scro- 
 fula, &c. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Depositio interstitialis. Changing the 
 
 colour of the iris, or closing up the 
 pupil. 
 
 b. Adhsesio pupillse. 
 
 a. ad lentem. i . , , , 
 
 , lAbsoluta-- 
 
 b. ad corneam. J> n ,. ,. 
 
 , , \Partiahs. 
 
 c. ad lentem et corneam. J 
 
 Sub-sequela. 
 
 Atrophia oculi. From abolition 
 of the chambers. 
 
 c. Hydrophthalmia. 
 
 a. Staphyloma. From the internal 
 pressure producing ulcerative 
 absorption and protrusion of 
 the cornea. 
 
 d. Hypopyon (apostema of the cham- 
 
 bers). 
 
 e. Haemophthalmus (effusion of blood 
 
 into the chambers'). 
 
 Sp. 4. HYALOIDITIS. Inflammation of the hyaloid 
 membrane of the eye. 
 Sequela. 
 Glaucoma. 
 
 Sp. 5. CHOROIDITIS. Inflammation of the choroid 
 tunic of the eye. 
 
 The inflammation going on in the last two species is 
 either subacute, or so obscure as only to be known by its 
 effects. When universal ophthalmia, as it has been called, 
 takes place that is, when every tissue is simultaneously 
 affected with acute inflammation complete destruction of the 
 organisation ensues, and the ball of the eye not unusually 
 bursts, or staphyloma scleroticum is the consequence. 
 c2 
 
24 CY. PULOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 Sp. 6. LABYRINTHITIS. Inflammation of the serous 
 membranes lining the labyrinth of the ear. 
 
 Breschetbas lately demonstrated that there are two liquids 
 in the labyrinth, contained in distinct sacs the liquor Cutugni, 
 and another which he has named vitrine, upon the membrane 
 containing which the auditory nerve expands. It is from this 
 structure that this distinguished pathological anatomist draws 
 a beautiful and ingenious parallel between the ear and the eye 
 from analogy ; the membrana tympani answering to the cornea ; 
 the cavity of the tympanum to the chambers of the eye ; the 
 liquor Cotugni to the crystalline humour; and the vitrine to 
 the vitreous humour. 
 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Hydrops labyrinthi. 
 
 b. Depositio interstitialis. Causing thicken- 
 
 ing of the membranes. 
 
 c. Suppuratio. Destroying the organisation. 
 
 a. Caries. 
 
 b. Cophosis organica. 
 
 Sp. 7. PLEURITIS. Inflammation of the pleura. 
 <*. Costalis. Of the portion lining the thorax. 
 ft. Pulmonalis. Of the part enclosing the lungs. 
 y. Diaphragmatica. Of the part over the dia- 
 phragm. 
 
 ei. Pericardiaca. Of the outer tunic of the peri- 
 cardium. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Hydrothorax.* 
 
 b. Adhaesiones pseudo-membranaceae. 
 
 c. EfTusio purulenta. 
 
 Sp. 8. PERICARDITIS. Inflammation of the internal 
 serous membrane of the pericardium. 
 
 * As there is a marked difference in the nature of the serous 
 effusion occurring in consequence of acute inflammation and that 
 which is poured out in cases of chronic visceral diseases, anaemia 
 from heemorrhagy, &c., the author proposes to call, say, as ex- 
 amples, the one bydrothorax, the other hydrops thoracis hydro- 
 pericaidium, and hydrops pericardii, &c. 
 
Gen. SEROSI. Sp. PERICARDITIS. 25 
 
 . Propria. Of the inner lining. 
 /3. Cardiaca. Of the part covering the heart. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Hydropericardium. 
 
 b. Adheesio ad cordem. 
 
 a. Pseudo-membranacea. 
 
 b. Absoluta. 
 
 Sp. 9. PERITONITIS. Inflammation of the perito- 
 neum. 
 
 . Propria. Of the part lining the cavity of 
 the abdomen. 
 
 /3. Gastrica. Of that forming the outer tunic 
 of the stomach. 
 
 y. Enterica. Of that extended over the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 J. Epiploica. Of that spread over the omentum. 
 
 . Mesenterica. Of its duplicature forming the 
 mesentery. 
 
 . Hepatica. Of that covering the liver. 
 
 jj. Splenica. Of that covering the spleen. 
 
 $-. Cystica. Of that forming the outer tunic 
 of the bladder. 
 
 i. Metrica. Of that spread over the womb. 
 
 Sp. 10. ARTERITIS. Inflammation of the inner 
 tunic of an artery. 
 Sequelee. 
 
 a. Dilatatio. 
 
 b. Absorptio suppurativa. 
 Sub-sequela. 
 
 Aneurisma. 
 
 c. Effusio lymphatica. 
 Sub-sequela. 
 
 Obliteratio tubee. 
 
 Sp. 11. PHLEBITIS. Inflammation of the inner 
 coat of a vein. 
 
 . Brachii. Not unfrequently ensuing from 
 bleeding with a foul lancet. 
 
26 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 /3. Puerperarum. Occurring after delivery. 
 
 a. Cruris* (phlegmasia dolens). 
 
 b. Interna. Affecting the abdominal and 
 
 thoracic veins. 
 
 c. Ophthalmica. Attacking the veins of the 
 
 eye, and quickly disorganising it. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Suppuratio interna sine ulceratione ve- 
 narum. 
 
 Gen. III. ALBUMITSTOSI. Inflammations of the albu- 
 minous tissues. 
 
 The substance of the cornea and lens consists of pure al- 
 bumen, secreted in the former by the vessels of its outer tunic, 
 and in the latter by those of its capsule. It is on this account 
 that the author conceives be is justified in adding a new tissue 
 to those already acknowledged by modern anatomists ; other- 
 wise he would have found it impossible to have classed the 
 diseases either of the cornea or lens, with any degree of pro- 
 priety, among those of any of the other secreting membranes. 
 
 Sp. 1. CORNEITIS. Inflammation of the cornea. 
 . Tuniculse.f Confined to its outer tunic. 
 /3. Propria. Affecting the cornea itself. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 , ' T \ (interstitial depositions). 
 
 b. LeucomaJ v 
 
 c. Onyx (abscess between the laminae). 
 
 d. Absorptio suppurativa. 
 Externa. Of its external surface. 
 
 a. Ulcus corneae. 
 
 * When the corion is much involved in the inflammation, it is 
 frequently left much thickened. 
 
 t Mr. Wallace of New York, in a letter to my friend Mr. 
 Mackenzie of Glasgow, has shewn that the membrane covering 
 the outer surface of the cornea is not an extension of the conjunc- 
 tiva, but perfectly distinct from it. 
 
 \ The author would here indicate the deposition which takes 
 place into the tunicula of the cornea by the word nebula ; and by 
 the term leucoma he proposes to designate that which occurs 
 between the laminae of the cornea. The word albugo, again, might 
 be made to denote a deposition or speck on the conjunctiva. 
 
Gen. ALBUMINOSI. Sp. CORNEITIS. 27 
 
 Interna. Of its substance. 
 
 a. Staphyloma. 
 
 a. Universale (protrusion of the 
 
 entire cornea). 
 
 b. Partiale (projecting only at the 
 
 centre). 
 
 b. Ruptura cornese. 
 
 a. Staphyloma racemosum. 
 
 Sp. 2. LENTITIS. Inflammation of the lens. 
 
 ot,. Propria. Affecting the substance of the lens. 
 Sequela. 
 
 CsitaT:a.cta.\enticu\aris(interstitialdepositiori). 
 /3. Capsularis. Affecting its capsule only. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Cataracta capsularis. 
 
 Gen. IV. FIBROSI. Inflammations of the fibrous 
 tissues. 
 
 The fibrous tissues differ from the mucous and serous in 
 being continuous. Taking the periosteum as the centre, we 
 can trace them, without interruption, wherever else fibrous 
 tissue is found. In departing from the bones, it is continued 
 over the most external of the muscles in the form of fasciae 
 and aponeuroses ; it is every where connected with the ten- 
 dons, ligaments, and articular capsules ; it is produced from 
 the under-side of the ischium into the corpus cavernosum of 
 the penis ; it enters into the cranium at its base, through the 
 different foramina, to form the introcranial periosteum or 
 fibrous lamina of the dura mater, and sends down prolonga- 
 tions to constitute the falx and tentorium, or stretching along 
 the optic nerve, it expands itself on the globe of the eye to 
 form the sclerotica. 
 
 The vascularity of this tissue varies in different parts, 
 vessels abounding in some, as the dura mater and periosteum, 
 few in the aponeuroses, and not to be detected in the tendons : 
 hence it is that diseases are more apt to occur in the two 
 former than in the two latter structures. Another peculiarity 
 of this tissue is, that in a healthy state it is perfectly insensible 
 to any mechanical or chemical irritant ; but if unduly and 
 suddenly stretched by the action of muscles, or by torsion, 
 the pain experienced is intense : this we see in almost all 
 luxations, in sprains, or when violent extension is made on 
 c 3 
 
28 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 the ligaments connecting the vertebrae. Extension made 
 from within produces the same effect, as we see in the 
 excruciating pain attendant on orchitis, caused by the inflam- 
 mation distending on all sides the tunica albuginea and its 
 septa. 
 
 The morbid alterations of this tissue are few, and are de- 
 ducible from the effusion ofcoagulable lymph. This causes 
 thickenings of the different iibrous structures, and not unfre- 
 quently cohesions one with another, or with other contiguous 
 parts. Hence impediments to the free motions of joints 
 (imperfect anchylosis), and to the free action of muscles con- 
 nected with these adhesions, are the ordinary sequelae of 
 fibrous inflammations. 
 
 Sp. 1 . SCLEROTITIS. Inflammation of the sclerotic 
 coat of the eye. 
 a.. Idiopathica. 
 p. Symptomatica. 
 
 a. Rheumatica.* 
 
 b. Scrofulosa. 
 
 c. Syphilitica. 
 
 d. Urethritica. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Staphyloma scleroticum. 
 
 Sp. 2. RHEUMATISMUS. Inflammation of the fascial, 
 aponeurotic, tendinous, ligamentary, and other 
 fibrous structures. 
 
 Most writers consider rheumatism to be a muscular dis- 
 ease, deceived, as I conceive, by the pain produced by mo- 
 tion ; but in this respect it is the different tendons, aponeu- 
 roses, fasciae, and ligaments, that suffer by the action, and 
 not the real muscular fibre. Whence else is it that the pain 
 should be felt, in most instances, only about the articula- 
 tions'? Where, again, is the muscular fibre to be found 
 when this disease affects the sclerotic coat of the eye 1 
 
 Acutus. Accompanied with fever and tumefac- 
 tion. 
 
 * It is of practical importance to distinguish this variety of 
 sclerotic inflammation from simple idiopatbic sclerotitis, as the 
 two diseases yield to very different treatment. 
 
Gen. FIBROSI. Sp. RHETJMATISMUS. 29 
 
 . Articularis. Affecting principally the liga- 
 ments of the joints, and the fasciae and 
 tendons of the muscles connected with 
 their movements. 
 
 /3. Pericardiacus. Attacking the middle or 
 fibrous coat of the pericardium and valves 
 of the heart. This is usually a metastatic 
 disease. 
 
 Sub-acutus. Without fever or much sensible tume- 
 faction. 
 
 . Hemicranialis. Affecting the occipito-fron- 
 talis and temporal aponeuroses; confined, 
 for the most part, to one side of the head. 
 
 p. Articularis. Like the acute, affecting chiefly 
 the ligaments of the joints, and the ten- 
 dons, fasciae, and aponeuroses of their 
 muscles ; three of which have received 
 specific names, viz. : 
 
 a. Lumbago. 
 
 b. Sciatica. 
 
 c. Arthrosis. 
 
 y. Tunicee albuginese testis. 
 
 The author once met with a case of this singular form of 
 rheumatism in a gentleman's gamekeeper. The pain was 
 most excruciating, but ceased as soon as the disease shifted 
 to the joints, leaving the testis without any accompanying or 
 subsequent inflammation. 
 
 2. Urethriticus. 
 
 In this form of rheumatism, as well as in urethritic scle- 
 rotitis, I have repeatedly found stricture to exist in the 
 membranous part of the urethra, which, becoming inflamed 
 by the extension of gonorrhoeal inflammation, seemed to be 
 the latent sympathetic cause of these two diseases. This 
 is another beautiful illustration of the reciprocal sympathies 
 of similar tissues: the membranous part of the urethra is a 
 fibrous texture, as well as the sclerotic coat of the eye ; and 
 rheumatism, we know, is confined in its action to the fibrous 
 structures. I have often had occasion, also, to remark, that a 
 stricture so situated, when inflamed or very irritable, is sure 
 to be rendered more so by severe vicissitudes of the weather ; 
 
30 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 and I may add, in conclusion, tbe fact, confirmatory of the 
 opinion I have expressed of the origin of urethritic rheuma- 
 tism, that curing the stricture is the only effectual means of 
 curing the rheumatism ; without attending to which the dis- 
 ease is extremely obstinate ; and when removed, it is exceed- 
 ingly apt to return. 
 
 General sequela. 
 
 Depositio interstitial is. Producing thicken- 
 ings and adhesions, and hence contrac- 
 tions, and partial inflexibility of the 
 joints (anchylosis imperfectd). 
 
 Sp. 3. PODAGRA. Inflammation of a specific nature 
 affecting the synovial structures, particularly of the 
 smaller joints. 
 
 The writer entertains a persuasion that this disease is 
 connected with some peculiarity of sanguification, either 
 hereditary or acquired, in which there are grounds for sus- 
 picion, that urea, in some form or other, superabounds in the 
 blood. Were this opinion ascertained, the disease would 
 consequently require to be arranged among the Haemapoietici. 
 
 . Regularis. Affecting the smaller joints, 
 
 most frequently of the great toe. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Depositio albuminosa. Impeding the 
 
 free motion of the parts. 
 
 b. Secretio et depositio calcis uratis (toft). 
 
 Producing deformity and loss of ar- 
 ticular power. 
 /3. Larvata. 
 
 This variety of gout, if it continues its form, not unfre- 
 quently terminates in inducing a fatal apoplexy (h<zmorrhoea 
 cerebri). 
 
 y. Metastatica. Suddenly shifting to another 
 organ. 
 
 a. Gastralgia arthritica (gout of the sto- 
 
 mach}. 
 
 b. Pneumonitis arthritica. 
 
 c. Hsemostasis arthritica cerebri. 
 
Gen. FIUKOSI. Sp. PODAGRA. 51 
 
 Sequela. 
 
 Hsemorrhoea cerebri (arthritic apo- 
 plexy). 
 
 Sp. 4. GINGIVITIS. Inflammation of the fibrous 
 structure forming- the gums. 
 
 . Propria. Affecting the general structure, 
 for the most part, of one side of the jaw 
 only.* 
 
 ft. Dentalis. Confined to its duplicature, form- 
 ing the proper membrane or periosteum of 
 the teeth, and causing severe odontalgia. 
 
 Sp. 5. PERIOSTITIS. Inflammation of the periosteum. 
 . Externa. Affecting- the external periosteum. 
 
 a. ab ictu. 
 
 b. a pressura extranea (e. g. aneurismce). 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Periostosis. 
 
 b. Absorptio suppurativa. 
 Sub-sequelae. 
 
 a. Ulceratio ossea (caries). 
 
 b. Sphacelatio ossea (necrosis), 
 ft. Interna. Affecting the internal periosteum. 
 
 Sequela. 
 
 a. Absorptio suppurativa. 
 
 a. Caries interna. 
 y. Symptomatica. 
 
 a. Scorbutica. Affecting- the internal pe- 
 riosteum alone. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Absorptio suppurativa. 
 
 a. Ulceratio ossea (caries scorbutica). 
 
 * This affection is ordinarily considered rheumatic, but with- 
 out sufficient reason, its nature being, in my opinion, simply 
 inflammatory. I may here take occasion to observe, that both 
 the alveoli and teeth are adscititious parts of the body ; and when 
 the one drop out, the other are absorbed : hence as the teeth and 
 their periosteum dift'er from the other osseous structures, their 
 diseases are modified by this peculiarity. 
 
5 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 b. Syphilitica. Attacking both the ex- 
 
 ternal and internal periosteum. 
 Sequel se. 
 
 a. Periostosis syphilitica (periosteal 
 
 node). 
 
 b. Exostosissyphilitica(osseowsworfe). 
 
 a. Simplex. 
 
 b. Laminata. 
 
 c. Acicularis. 
 
 d. Eburnata. 
 
 c. Absorptio suppurativa. 
 
 a. Ulceratio ossea (caries syphi- 
 litica). 
 
 c. Scrofulosa. Affecting the internal pe- 
 
 riosteum. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Exostosis spongiosa. 
 
 b. Absorptio suppurativa. 
 
 a. Ulceratio ossea (caries scrofu- 
 
 losa). 
 
 b. Spina ventosa. 
 
 J. Universalis. Affecting the periosteum gene- 
 rally. 
 
 a. Acuta. Accompanied with universal 
 
 pains; attacking adults only. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Malacosteon adultorum (mollities ossium). 
 Softening and perfect flexibility of al- 
 most all the bones in the body. 
 
 b. Sub-acuta. Unaccompanied with pain ; 
 
 affecting children only. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Malacosteon infantum (rickets). 
 
 Sp. 6. PERICHOSTDRITIS. Inflammation of the peri- 
 chondrium. 
 . Simplex. 
 ft. Synovialis. 
 a. Syphilitica. 
 
Gen. FIBROSI. Sp. PERICHONDRITIS. 33 
 
 b. Scorbutica. 
 
 c, Scrofulosa. 
 
 a. Coxendicis. 
 
 b. Genu. 
 
 c. Malleoli. 
 
 d. Tarsi. 
 
 e. Humeri. 
 
 f. Anconis. 
 
 g. Carpi. 
 
 h. Vertebrae. 
 
 General sequelse. 
 Absorptio cartilaginis. 
 Ulceratio cartilaginis. 
 a. Anchylosis. 
 
 Mr. Mayo makes three species of this sequela: one in 
 which the anchylosis is formed by the union of the opposite 
 cartilages of a joint ; another in which the cartilage of the 
 healthy bone unites with the osseous surface of the one dis- 
 eased ; and a third, wherein the cartilages of both bones being 
 removed by ulcerative absorption, the osseous surfaces incor- 
 porate to form the anchylosis. 
 
 When the perichondrium is not inter-articular, it is simply 
 an extension of the periosteum over the cartilages ; hence 
 the reason, as I conceive, why these cartilages alone are 
 liable to become ossified. 
 
 Sp. 9. BURSITIS. Inflammation of the bursae, or of 
 the bursal thecse of tendons. 
 . Propria. 
 /3. Thecalis. 
 Sequela. 
 Ganglion. 
 
 Gen. V. PARENCHYMATOSI. Affecting the parenchy- 
 matous cellular membrane. 
 
 The cellular tissue is the seat of what has been denomi- 
 nated phlegmonous inflammation, the most characteristic 
 tendency of which is, in its acute form, to terminate in suppu- 
 ration, and hence it is apt to form deep-seated abscesses when 
 the inflammation is seated in the interior of a viscus. From 
 its general loose texture the attendant tumefaction is, for the 
 most part, considerable ; and, from its being freely supplied 
 
34 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 with blood-vessels, there is always much redness. When 
 the inflammation is subacute, interstitial depositions and he- 
 patisation are its more usual structural derangements. 
 
 Sp. 1. ENCEPHALITIS. Inflammation of the pia- 
 meningeal tissue spread over the surface of the 
 brain, and extending into, and ramifying within, 
 its substance. 
 a. Idiopathica. 
 /3. Sympathetica. Originating, for the most part, 
 
 in gastric, intestinal, or hepatic irritation. 
 y. Metastatica. Produced by the metastasis of 
 
 gout, &c. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Haemorrhcea cerebri (apoplexia secondaria). 
 5. Comitata. Symptomatic of typhus, and other 
 
 fevers. 
 
 t, Scrofulosa. Idiosyncratic of scrofula. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Tuber strumosum cerebri. 
 
 . Traumatica. Occasioned by external violence. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Apoplexia traumatica. 
 General sequelae. 
 
 a. Suppuratio peripherica. 
 
 b. Apostema cerebri. 
 
 c. Sphacelus (softening of the brain}. 
 
 d. Hydrocephalus. 
 
 Sp. 2. PNEUMONITIS. Inflammation of the paren- 
 chyma of the lungs. 
 
 This comprehends both the pneumonia and peripneu- 
 monia of other nosologists, in which the inflammation some- 
 times occurs in separate and distinct lobes. 
 
 a. Idiopathica. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Apostema pulmonum. 
 
 b. Infiltratio purulenta. 
 Sub-sequelae. 
 
 a. Empyema. 
 
Gen. PARENCHYMATOSI. Sp. PNEUMONITIS. 35 
 
 b. Phthisis apostematosa. 
 
 c. (Edema pulmonum. 
 
 d. Sphacelatio. 
 
 e. Hepatisatio. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Phthisis ulcerativa. 
 
 f. Atrophia. 
 
 g. Hypertrophia. 
 . Icliosyncratica. 
 
 a. Scrofulosa. 
 Sequela. 
 
 a. Depositio tuberculosa. 
 
 a. Phthisis tuberculosa. 
 
 y. Symptom atica. Symptomatic of typhus, seve- 
 ral of the exanthemata, hydrophobia, &c. 
 
 Sp. 3. CARDITIS. Inflammation of the interstitial 
 cellular membrane of the heart. 
 . Acuta. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Sphacelus (softening of the heart). 
 /3. Subacuta. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Depositio interstitialis (induration). 
 
 b. Hypertrophia (thickening of the pa~ 
 
 rietes). 
 
 c. Dilatatio (dilatation of the cavities, 
 
 with attenuation of the parietes). 
 
 It not unfrequently happens that there is hypertrophy of 
 one ventricle, and dilatation of the other, when subacute in- 
 flammation of the heart is excited by some obstacle to the 
 free discharge of the blood into the circulation ; in which 
 case the hypertrophy of the one ventricle is an active conse- 
 quence the dilatation of the other a passive one. 
 
 Sp. 4. THYMITIS. Inflammation of the substance of 
 the thymus gland. 
 *. Acuta. 
 Sequela. 
 Apostema. 
 
36 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBKANACEI. 
 
 /3. Subacuta. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Hypertrophia. 
 Sub-sequelae. 
 
 a. Dyspnoea. 
 
 b. Pneumonitis. 
 
 c. Arachnitis. 
 
 d. Hydrocephalus. 
 
 Sp. 5. SPLENITIS. Inflammation of the parenchyma 
 of the spleen. 
 a,. Acuta. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Apostema. 
 
 p. Subacuta (coacta). 
 Sequela. 
 
 a. Induratio et intumescentia (interstitial 
 
 deposition ague-cake}. 
 Sub-sequelee. 
 
 a. Haemorrhoea ventriculi. 
 
 b. Hsemorrhcea intestinalis. 
 
 c. Ascites. 
 
 Sp. 6. OVARITIS. Inflammation of the interstitial 
 cellular membrane of the ovarium. 
 a.. Acuta. 
 /3. Subacuta.* 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Hydrops ovarii. 
 
 b. Induratio et intumescentia. 
 Sub-Gen. GLANDULARES. Inflammations affecting 
 
 the cellular tissue of conglomerate glands. 
 
 A. Secretorii. Of those composed of follicular con- 
 volutions whose office is secretory. 
 
 The set of glands belonging to this sub-genus have all a 
 peculiarity affecting their pathology different from that about 
 
 * The subacute varieties of both splenitis and ovaritis are by 
 far the most frequent, and are usually sympathetic or symptomatic 
 diseases. 
 
Gen. PARENCHYMATOSI. Sp. CAKUNCULITIS. 37 
 
 to be noticed, which is, in having a follicular structure inter- 
 vening between the secerning arteries and the excreting ducts ; 
 whereas, in the structure of those under the head of Excre- 
 torii, the excretory ducts communicate directly with the secre- 
 tory vessels. 
 
 It is wholly attributable to this peculiarity of structure 
 that we find the morbid conditions of the contiguous mucous 
 tissues not readily affecting these glands, either through sym- 
 pathetic irritation, or direct inflammatory action ; but it is 
 otherwise with those glands in which the communication is 
 more immediate. In these, while the exciting cause acts 
 only sympathetically and occasionally, the disorder first pro- 
 duced is, for the most part, simply functional ; but when in- 
 flammation spreads by extension from a mucous membrane in 
 the vicinity, as, from the duodenum up the ductus chole- 
 dochus to the liver, for example, or if the sympathetic irri- 
 tation, proceeding from a part even at some considerable 
 distance, be continued too long, or repeated too frequently, 
 the disorder then affects the organic tissue, and an inflamma- 
 tory action is set up, either of an acute or subacute nature. 
 It is the latter of these effects that we now come to specify, 
 which will also include idiopathic inflammation of the organs, 
 induced by stimulation, external violence, &c. 
 
 Sp. 1. CARUNCULITIS (encanthis). Inflammation 
 of the caruncula lachrymalis. 
 
 Sp. 2. PAROTITIS. Inflammation of the parotid 
 gland. 
 . Acuta. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Apostema. 
 
 b. Sphacelus. 
 ft. Subacuta. 
 
 Sequela. 
 
 Induratio et intumescentia. 
 
 Sp. 3. TONSILLITIS. Inflammation of the body of 
 the tonsil. 
 . Acuta. 
 Sequelse. 
 
 a. Apostema. 
 
 b. Sphacelus. 
 ft. Subacuta. 
 
38 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEMBRANACEI. 
 
 Sequela. 
 
 Induratio et intumescentia. 
 y. Comitata. Accompanying some of the ex 
 anthemata. 
 
 Sp. 4. MAMMITIS. Inflammation of the mamma. 
 <*. Acuta. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Apostema. 
 ft. Subacuta. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Depositio interstitialis (scirrhus). 
 
 Sp. 5. PANCREATITIS. Inflammation of the pancreas. 
 
 The symptoms specifically distinguishing this affection 
 are not yet ascertained ; but dissection has demonstrated its 
 existence. 
 
 Sp. 6. PROSTATITIS. Inflammation of the prostate 
 gland. 
 et. Acuta. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Apostema. 
 ft. Subacuta. 
 Sequelse. 
 
 a. Induratio et intumescentia. 
 
 b. Strictura ure three prostatse. 
 
 y. Comitata. Excited by an extension of the 
 inflammation of urethritis virulenta (go- 
 norrhoea). 
 
 This, as well as inflammation of the neck of the bladder, 
 is often, I suspect, produced by the premature use of injec- 
 tions, by which the virus is thrown higher up. 
 
 Sp. 7. ORCHITIS. Inflammation of the parenchyma 
 of the testicle. 
 Idiopathica. 
 
 . Acuta. Most frequently originating from 
 external violence. 
 
Gen. PARENCHYMATOSI. Sp. ORCHITIS. 39 
 
 Metastatica. 
 
 *. Acuta. Arising from sudden suppression 
 of the discharge accompanying urethritis 
 virulenta (gonorrhoea), through cold, or 
 the use of astringent injections. 
 Sympathetica. 
 
 . Subacuta. Often sympathetic of latent 
 urethral irritation proceeding from stric- 
 tures. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Depositio interstitialis (sclerocele). 
 
 b. Hydrocele. 
 
 This latter affection results only when the tunica vaginalis 
 becomes included in the inflammation. 
 
 Vagino-testitis, or inflammation of the tunica vaginalis of 
 the scrotum and testis. and its sequela, hydrocele, were 
 omitted, by an oversight, among the inflammations of the 
 serous membranes. 
 
 B. Excretorii. Inflammations of those con- 
 glomerate glands whose office is excretory. 
 
 The limits I allow myself in these annotations will not 
 permit me in this place to enter on the physiology of the 
 liver, or into the nature and uses of the bile, in the same 
 ample manner as I do in my lectures. I may only observe, 
 that though I regard the bile as an excrement, as far as the 
 blood is concerned, which is separated from this fluid by the 
 depurant function of the liver, and that various diseased 
 states of the system ensue if this be either unduly diminished 
 or absolutely suspended ; yet, on getting into the intestines, I 
 do not mean to contend that it is not made to operate on the 
 chyme, and thus become the means by which the chyle is 
 separated from the innutritious parts of the ingesta ; after 
 effecting which, both the bile and the feculent matter are 
 evacuated as excrement. 
 
 Sp. I . HEPATITIS. Inflammation of the parenchyma 
 of the liver. 
 . Acuta. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Apostema hepatis. 
 /3. Subacuta. 
 
40 Cl. PHLOGOTICI. Ord. MEOMBRAKACEI. 
 
 y. Chrcnica. 
 Sequelse. 
 
 a. Icterus. 
 
 b. Chololithus. 
 
 c. Depositio interstitialis (scirrhus). 
 
 a. Hepatisatio. 
 . Ascites. 
 
 b. Heemorrhcea intestinalis. 
 . Recti. 
 
 This last of the sub-sequela is readily accounted forbj 
 the obstruction offered to the return of the blood from the 
 haemorrhoidal veins by the induration of the liver. 
 
 Sp. 2. NEPHRITIS. Inflammation of the parenchyma 
 of the kidney. 
 . Acuta. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Apostema renis. 
 
 b. Ischuria primaria. 
 a. Enuresis vicaria : 
 
 ex cute. 
 
 in ventriculis cerebri. 
 
 ft. Subacuta. A concomitant on diabetes, or 
 induced by the habitual abuse of spirituous 
 diuretics, &c. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Hypertrophia renis. 
 
 b. Atrophia. 
 
 Gen. VI. LYMPHATICI. Specific inflammations of the 
 membranous tunics of the lymphatic vessels and of 
 their convolutions forming the conglobate glands. 
 
 As the inner coat of a lymphatic vessel is a serous mem- 
 brane, the author is not sure that he has done properly in 
 separating the following diseases from those of the serous 
 tissues. 
 
 Acuti. 
 
 Sp. I. PIILOGOSIS VASORUM LYMPHATICOKUM. In- 
 flammation of the lymphatic vessels, usually pro- 
 
Gen. LYMPHATICI. Sp. BUBO. 41 
 
 ceeding from the absorption of some acrid or 
 poisonous matter. 
 
 Sp. 2. BUBO. Inflammation of a lymphatic gland 
 in the groin. 
 
 . Idiopathicus. From cold, a strain, &c. 
 /3. Idiosyncraticus. From a scrofulous dia- 
 thesis. 
 
 y. Symptomaticus. Accompanying the plague. 
 J. Specificus. Caused by the absorption of a 
 specific virus. 
 
 The writer does not except the matter of gonorrhoea from 
 producing this last variety, which he conceives liable to ensue 
 from the rupture of some small blood-vessel in the urethra, or 
 other casual abrasion, leaving a raw surface for absorption. 
 
 Sub-acuti. 
 Sp. 1. SCROFULA. 
 
 . Vulgaris. Affecting the lymphatic glands of 
 
 the neck. 
 ft. Mesenterica. Affecting the lymphatic glands 
 
 of the mesentery. 
 
Classis II. H^MAPHARMATICL* 
 
 DISEASES originating in a miasm or poison taint- 
 ing the healthy blood. 
 
 The humoral pathology, as it was called, from once being 
 the paramount and exclusive doctrine of the schools, has, by 
 an opposite extreme, sunk into a neglect equally unmerited, 
 as its former universal application to the explanation of every 
 morbid phenomenon was irrational. 
 
 In reviving the doctrine of the humoral origin of a certain 
 class of diseases, the author trusts that he has not overstepped 
 the just limit of its operation and influence ; and that a careful 
 investigation of the nature of the exciting cause, of the manner 
 in which it enters the system, of the phenomena exhibited in 
 its course of action, and of the pathological changes it effects 
 on the blood in many cases, will tend to shew that the dis- 
 eases ranged under the class Haemapharmatici all originate 
 in a taint imparted to this fluid. 
 
 Ordo I. FEBRILES. 
 
 Miasmatic fevers. 
 
 Genus I. FEBRES INTERMITTENTES. Fevers which 
 intermit, originating in miasms produced by the 
 decomposition of vegetable matter. 
 
 Sp. 1. QUOTIDIANA. Occurring once in twenty- 
 four hours. 
 . Simplex. 
 /3. Anticipans. 
 y. Cunctans. 
 
 Sp. 2. TERTIANA. Recurring every other day. 
 . Simplex. 
 ft. Duplex. 
 
 * From a.ifi.a., blood, and tfu^a^i; , an impoisoning. 
 
Gen, FEBRES INTERMITTENTES. Sp. TERTJANA. 43 
 
 y. Triplex. 
 S. Duplicata. 
 
 Sp. 3. QUARTANA. Recurring with an interval of 
 seventy-two hours. 
 a,. Simplex. 
 /3. Duplex. 
 y. Triplex. 
 5. Duplicata. 
 E. Triplicata. 
 
 Sp. 4. ERRATICA. Recurring at uncertain and 
 irregular periods. 
 
 Sp. 5. LARVATA. Appearing in a disguised form, 
 as periodical hemicrania, &c. 
 General sequelae. 
 
 a. Splenitis chronica. 
 
 a. Ascites. 
 
 b. Hsemorrhoea ventriculi. 
 
 b. Hepatitis chronica. 
 
 a. Icterus. 
 
 b. Ascites. 
 
 The sanguineous congestions that occur so repeatedly in 
 both the spleen and liver during the cold stage of agues of 
 long standing, are the occasion of the above sequelae. 
 
 Gen. II. FEBRES REMITTENTES. Fevers which remit, 
 but do not intermit ; arising from causes of a similar 
 nature to the last. 
 
 Sp. I. REMITTENS PROPRIA (idiopathic remittent 
 fever}. 
 . Mitis. 
 ft. Maligna. 
 
 a. Autumnalis. 
 
 b. Intertropica (yellow fever). 
 
 c. Ardens. 
 
 d. Asthenica. 
 
44 Cl. HiEMAPHARMATICI. Ord. Ex ANTHEM ATICI. 
 
 Gen. III. FEBRES CONTINENTES. Fevers which nei- 
 ther remit nor intermit ; but, originating from miasms 
 generated by, and thrown off from the body, run 
 their course with exacerbations. 
 
 Sp. 1. TYPHUS (typhus fever). 
 a,. Mitis. 
 /3. Synochodes.* 
 y. Putridus. 
 
 Sp. 2. PESTIS (the plague), 
 a. Benigna. 
 p. Maligna. 
 
 Ordo II. EXANTHEMATICI. 
 
 Cutaneous eruptions arising from a specific virus en- 
 tering the circulation ; usually preceded by febrile 
 symptoms more or less intense, and affecting the 
 system ordinarily but once during life. 
 
 Gen. I. MUCULENS. 
 
 In the following disease we find the mucous tissues almost 
 exclusively affected. We see it attacking the conjunctiva, 
 the nostrils, the fauces, and air-passages and cells, the mucous 
 lining of the primae vise ; and externally it appears to have 
 its seat in the thin mucous tissue which connects the vessels 
 of the rete vasculosum and covers the papillae. 
 
 Sp. 1. RUBEOLA (measles), 
 x. Vulgaris. 
 /3. Nigra. 
 y. Spuria. 
 
 Gen. II. VASCULARIS. 
 
 The disease characterised by this genus is marked hy in- 
 tense heat and efflorescence, and seems to have its cutaneous 
 seat of action principally in the vessels of the ret e vasculosum. 
 
 * This is the Synochus of writers on fevers ; and it will he 
 seen, by the place it occupies above, that the author accords in 
 opinion with Dr. Cullen and Dr. Armstrong in regarding it merely 
 as an inflammatory form of typhus. 
 
Gen. VASCULARIS. Sp. SCARLATINA. 45 
 
 Sp. 1. SCARLATINA. 
 *. Benigna. 
 
 /3. Anginosa. 
 
 a. sine efflorescentia cutanea. 
 y. Maligna. 
 
 Gen. ///. PUSTULO-VESICULARES. 
 
 In the following species of the exanthems the superficial 
 morbid action extends, more or less, throughout all the 
 laminae exterior of the corion. 
 
 Sp. 1. VARIOLA (small-pox). 
 
 Sub-sp. ec. Nativa. 
 /3. Inserta. 
 
 a. Discreta. 
 
 b. Confluens. 
 
 c. Spuria. 
 
 Sp. 2. VACCINIA (cow-pox). 
 Sub-sp. . Nativa. 
 /3. Inserta. 
 
 a. Vera. 
 
 b. Spuria. 
 
 Sp. 3. VARICELLA (chicken-pox). 
 . Lentiformis. 
 /3. Coniformis. 
 y. Globularis. 
 
 Sp. 4. FRAMBJESIA (yaws). 
 
 The descriptions given of this contagious disease are so 
 vague, and even contradictory in several respects, that it is 
 at present impossible to determine what particular tissue of 
 the skin it chiefly affects ; but as the eruption is usually pro- 
 ceded by a regular febrile attack, and as the system seems 
 only once susceptible of its specific action, the author con- 
 ceives himself justified in classing yaws among the exanthe- 
 mata. 
 
 D 3 
 
Cl. H-TEMAPHAUMATICI. Ord. loTICI. 
 
 Ordo III. IOTICL* 
 
 Diseases caused by the absorption of animal poisons, 
 not febrile or exanthematous. 
 
 Gen. I. VIROSI. Diseases in which the virus acts 
 chiefly on the solids. 
 
 Sp. 1. SYPHILIS (the venereal disease). 
 Primary sequelae of absorption : 
 
 1. Ulcus (chancre). 
 
 2. Bubo. 
 
 Secondary sequelae of absorption : 
 
 1. Ulceratio faucium. 
 
 2. Nodi. 
 
 3. Caries ossium. 
 
 4. Eruptiones cutaneae. 
 
 5. Fragilitas ossium. 
 
 Sp. 2. SYPHILODES (pseudo-syphilis). 
 
 Gen. II. VENENOSI. In which the venom affects the 
 nervous system principally. 
 
 Sp. 1. Venom inoculated by the bite of a rabid 
 animal (hydrophobia).^ 
 
 Sp. 2. By the bite of a venomous serpent. 
 
 Sp. 3. By the wound of a poisoned weapon, as an 
 arrow. 
 
 Sp. 4. By a wound received in dissection. 
 
 * From IOTOX.O;, poisonous, venomous. 
 
 t This is the only disease of the genus that has received a 
 specific name. 
 
Clams TIL NEUROTICI. 
 
 DISEASES of the nervous system. 
 
 Although, in an extended sense, all diseases might, with 
 perfect propriety, he denominated " affections of the nervous 
 system," seeing that all morbid phenomena are instituted 
 under the influence of the morbid impressions made upon it, 
 and that all the various and multitudinous pathological differ- 
 ences exhibited by disease are solely attributable to the 
 tissue and function of the part or organ affected, or to the 
 nature, diversity, and intensity of the exciting cause; yet in 
 the restricted and accepted meaning of the word nervous, as 
 understood by medical writers of the present day, it is em- 
 ployed to denote a class of diseases of an idiopathic character, 
 in which there is primarily no accompanying alteration of 
 organic structure, although there may be great derangement of 
 organic function. 
 
 Ordo I. PHRENICI.* 
 
 Principally affecting the intellect. 
 
 Gen. I. Hypereesthetici.f Depending on an excess 
 of excitability of the brain. 
 
 Sp. 1 . MANIA. 
 
 a.. Ferox. 
 
 /3. Despondens. 
 
 y. Exultans. 
 
 5. Demens. 
 
 s. Complacens. 
 
 . Tremens (delirium tremens). 
 
 Sp. 2. MELANCHOLIA. 
 a. Attonita. 
 /3. Malevolens. 
 
 From Qgw, the mind. 
 
 From lx\, denoting an intensive stale ; and aXtrlwti, sensation. 
 
48 Cl. NEUROTICI. Ord. PHRENICI. 
 
 y. Errabunda. 
 . Religiosa. 
 s. Amatoria. 
 
 Sp. 3. HYPOCHONDRIASIS. 
 . Autalgica. 
 ft. Perteesa. 
 y. Misanthropica. 
 $. Nostalgica. 
 
 Cullen classes this last variety of hypochondriasis among 
 the diseases of the appetites ; but I agree with Sauvages and 
 Sagar in believing it to be an aifection of the mind. 
 
 Sp. 4. SOMNAMBULISMUS. 
 
 Incubus has usually been classed by nosologists with som- 
 nambulism, but improperly, in my opinion ; for it is a morbid 
 affection distinctly spasmodic in its nature. 
 
 Gen. II. DYSJESTHETICI.* Diseases depending on a 
 diminution of excitability of the brain. 
 
 Sp. 1. AMENTIA. 
 . Congenita. 
 /3. Acquisita. 
 y. Senilis. 
 . Alpina (cretinism^). 
 
 Ordo II. 
 Diseases affecting the nerves of sensation. 
 
 Gen. I. HYPERJESTHESIS. Excessive sensibility of an 
 organ of sense. 
 
 * From Stif, denoting a morbid state; and a.'lff6wt;, sensation. 
 
 t Dr. Mason G ood derives this word, with singular inaccuracy, 
 from creta, from an imputed origin of this disease the habitual 
 use of water impregnated with chalk. Had the doctor been any 
 thing of a geologist, he would have known that chalk could form 
 no part of the primitive mountains among which this disease most 
 prevails. Cretin is a slight corruption of Chretien. In like manner 
 they are frequently called Bans dmes de Dieu. But Dr. Good is 
 often exceedingly loose in his etymologies. 
 
 t From ctiirfaffi; . 
 
Gen. HYPER^STHESIS. Sp. NYCTALOPIA. 4.9 
 
 Sp. I. NYCTALOPIA (night -sight). 
 *. Idiopathica. 
 
 /3. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of fever, phre- 
 nitis, cephalalgia, ophthalmia, &c. 
 
 Sp. 2. PSEUDOBLEPSIS (false sight). In which things 
 appear visible that do not exist, or in an altered 
 shape. 
 
 at. Illusoria. 
 
 /3. Metamorphotica. 
 
 y. Symptomatica. 
 
 Sp. 3. PARACUSIS (hearing morbidly sensitive). 
 <*. Idiopathioa. 
 
 /3. Illusoria (tinnitus aurium). 
 y. Symptomatica. 
 
 Sp. 4. PAROSMIS (smell morbidly sensitive). 
 x. Acris. 
 p. Perversa. 
 
 Sp. 5. PARAGEUSIS (the taste morbidly sensitive). 
 . Acris. 
 /3. Perversa. 
 
 y. Symptomatica. A symptom of fever, and many 
 other diseases. 
 
 Sp. 6. PARAPSIS (sense of touch morbidly sensitive). 
 . Idiopathica. 
 
 /3. Illusoria. Such as often occurs after ampu- 
 tation, 
 y. Symptomatica. 
 
 a. Teneritudo. 
 
 b. Pruritus. 
 
 c. Formicatio. 
 
 d. Algor. 
 
 e. Ardor. 
 
50 Cl. NEUROTICI. Ord. 
 
 Gen. II. DYS^STHESIS. Defective sensibility of an 
 organ of sense. 
 
 Sp.l. HEMERALOPIA (night-blindness}. The person 
 being able to see only in broad day-light. 
 
 Sp. 2. HEMIOPIA. In which only the one-half of 
 an object is perceptible. 
 
 Sp. 3. DYSOPIA (imperfect sight). From a fault 
 in the eye's focus. 
 
 ec. Propinqua (short-sight). In which every 
 thing appears indistinct at a little distance 
 from the eye. 
 
 ft. Longinqua (long-sight). In which things 
 are only seen distinctly at some distance 
 from the eye. 
 
 Sp. 4. AMAUROSIS (total abolition of vision). 
 
 a.. Dilatata. In which the pupil rests permanently 
 dilated. 
 
 /3. Contracta. In which the pupil remains im- 
 movably contracted. 
 
 y. Mobilis. Wherein, though vision is gone, the 
 pupil is movable. 
 
 . Sympathetica. Produced by the sympathetic 
 
 irritation of saburrae in the primse vise. 
 s. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of hydrocepba- 
 
 lus, &c. 
 Sp. 5. COPHOSIS (deafness). 
 
 et. Expers. 
 
 /3. Obtusa. 
 
 y. Perversa. 
 
 5. Discordans. 
 
 Sp. 6. ANOSMIA (defect of smell), 
 x. Expers. 
 /3. Obtusa. 
 y. Catarrhalis (symptomatic). 
 
 Sp. 7. AGHEUSTIA (defect of the taste). 
 <*. Expers. 
 
Gen. DYS^ESTHESIS. Sp. AGHEUSTIA. 51 
 
 /3. Obtusa. 
 
 y. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of palsy. 
 
 Sp. 8. AN/ESTIIESIA (sense of touch defective). 
 . Expers. 
 /3. Obtusa. 
 y. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of palsy. 
 
 Where the defect of any of the senses arises from destruc- 
 tion of the organic mechanism, the disease comes under the 
 head of " Sequela?," and is therefore not noticed in this place. 
 
 Gen. III. ODYNEROTI.* Painful affections, purely 
 nervous, and not accompanied with inflammation. 
 
 Sp. I. NEURALGIA. 
 
 . Idiopathica (tic douloureux). 
 
 a. Faciei. 
 
 b. Calcis. 
 /3. Sympathetica. 
 
 a. N. Cephalica (headach). 
 
 a. Eccephalica. In which the nerves 
 
 spread over the periosteum of the 
 head are the parts affected. 
 
 b. Encephalica. In which the fibrous, 
 
 or periostic lamina of the dura 
 mater appears to be the seat of 
 the neuralgic pain. 
 
 b. N. Odontica (toothach). Sympathetic 
 
 of pregnancy, &c. 
 
 c. N. Pleuritica (stitch in the side). This 
 
 affection appears to have its seat in 
 the tendinous attachments of the dia- 
 phragm to the ribs. 
 
 a. Flatulenta. 
 
 b. Verminosa. 
 
 d. N. Gastrica (gastrodynia, cramp of the 
 
 stomach). The pain in this variety 
 seems to be seated at the pylorus. 
 
 * i'rom tSuvtjfos, painful. 
 
52 Cl. NEUROTICI. Ord. ./ESTHENICI. 
 
 a. Flatulenta. 
 
 b. ab acribus. 
 
 c. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of 
 
 gastritis, apepsia. 
 
 d. Metastatica. Proceeding from 
 
 the metastasis of gout. 
 e. N. Nephritica. Caused by the lodgment 
 
 of calculi in the pelvis of the kidney. 
 /. N. Agogotica.* Produced by the passage 
 
 of calculi down a duct. 
 
 a. Choledocha. 
 
 b. Ureteris. 
 
 Ord. III. CINETICI.f 
 Diseases principally affecting the nerves of motion. 
 
 Sub-Ord. A. SPASMODICI. Irregular and involuntary 
 muscular contractions. 
 
 Trib. 1. TONICI. Spasms in which, as long as the 
 disease lasts, the muscular rigidity does not relax. 
 
 Gen, I. VOLUNTARII. Of the voluntary muscles. 
 
 Partiales. Affecting particular muscles. 
 Sp. 1. GRAMPUS (cramp). A tonic spasm of short 
 duration, for the most part confined to the flexor 
 muscles of the leg and foot, or of the trunk. 
 . Accidentales. Produced by slight torsion 
 of the muscle either in action or position. 
 /3. Symptomaticus. Symptomatic of cholera. 
 
 Sip. 2. TRISMUS (locked jaw). 
 
 a.. Nascentium. Caused by intestinal saburrse. 
 /3. Traumaticus. Produced by a wound. 
 
 Sp. 3. ACROTISMUS. A spastic affection of the 
 muscular fibres of the heart and diaphragm, in 
 
 * From ayuyy, a duct. t From Ktinait, motion. 
 
Gen. VOLUNTARII. Sp. ACROTISMUS. 53 
 
 which the heart ceases to pulsate, and breathing 
 to be involuntary, whilst consciousness and the 
 power of voluntary motion continue. 
 
 This word is adopted from Dr. Good. It appears that the 
 celebrated John Hunter was liable to this singular affection; 
 and the attendant phenomena establish the fact, that the arte- 
 ries alone can perform the circulation. The affection seems 
 to be situated in the par vagum and phrenic nerves. 
 
 Universales. Affecting the muscles generally. 
 Sp. 1. TETANUS. 
 a. Opisthotonos. 
 /3. Emprosthotonos. 
 
 The author is inclined to believe this last variety of 
 tetanus to be a physiological impossibility, on account of 
 the superior power of the extensor over the flexor muscles of 
 the trunk. When any thing like it occurs, it is probably 
 nothing but cramp affecting the abdominal muscles. 
 
 Gen. II. INVOLUNTARJI. Tonic spasms of muscular 
 structures, not subjected to the will. 
 
 Sp. \. ASTHMA. Spasm of the muscular fasciculi 
 connecting the extremities of the tracheal carti- 
 lages together posteriorly, and which in the lungs 
 entirely surround the bronchi where the cartilages 
 disappear. 
 . Siccum. 
 
 a. Simplex. 
 
 b. Vaporosa. 
 
 c. Retropulsa. 
 /3. Humidum. 
 
 a. Simplex. 
 
 b. Plethoricum. 
 
 c. Senile. 
 
 Sp. 2. D YSPNCEA. In which the diaphragm is affected 
 sympathetically or symptomatically. 
 . Calculosa. 
 /3. Pinguidinosa. 
 
54 Cl. NEUROTICI. Ord. CINETICI. 
 
 y. Vaporosa. 
 
 J. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of hydro thorax, 
 pneumonitis, phthisis, scurvy, &c. 
 
 Sp. 3. INCUBUS (night-mare). A spasmodic affec- 
 tion of the diaphragm, produced for the most part 
 sympathetically. 
 
 Sp. 4. CHOLICA. A tonic spasm of the muscular 
 fibres of some portion of the intestines. 
 et,. Flatulenta. 
 (3. Stipata. 
 y. Crapulosa. 
 
 . Anti-peristaltica (iliac passion), 
 i. Rachialgica (cholica pictorum). 
 Sequela. 
 
 Paralysis partialis. 
 
 Sp. 5. CHOLERA. 
 
 a,. Vulgaris (common cholera). 
 
 /3. Atrox (Asiatic or spasmodic cholera). 
 
 In this last variety the morbid action appears to me to 
 implicate the muscular fibre, voluntary and involuntary, of the 
 whole body. The heart is the muscle usually first affected : 
 this is indicated by the indescribable sensation of sinking felt 
 about the prascordia, as if the person attacked was about to 
 die ; whence also proceeds the extreme weakness of the pulse, 
 and the coldness and shrinking of the surface, from the feeble- 
 ness of the circulation. From the spasmodic affection of the 
 nervous system proceed the cramps in the abdominal muscles 
 and extremities. To this state is likewise attributable the 
 vomiting and purging, both being occasioned by the spasm 
 attacking the muscular coat of the stomach and bowels, pro- 
 ducing, at the same time, a profuse secretion of that peculiar 
 watery mucosity so characteristic of the disease. Now, as 
 all muscular power, with one or two trifling exceptions, is 
 ultimately derived from the spinal marrow, this must be the 
 part of the nervous system, if right in my opinion, which is 
 the principal, if not the sole, seat of the disorder in cholera 
 atrox, and on which the morbific cause, whatever that may be, 
 primarily acts. The integrity of the intellect even to the last, 
 shews clearly that the brain is neither impressed upon by the 
 primary cause, nor involved in its morbid consequences. 
 
Gen. SIMPLEX. Sp. PERTUSSIS. 55 
 
 Trib. II. CLONICI. In which the spasmodic action of 
 the muscles is not fixed, but convulsive. 
 
 Gen. I. SIMPLEX. Without any accompanying affec- 
 tion of the sensorium. 
 
 Sp. 1. PERTUSSIS (chincoug h). A forcible and con- 
 cussive action of the respiratory muscles, recurring 
 at intervals. 
 
 Gen. II. COMPLICATI. Affecting not only the nerves 
 of voluntary and involuntary motion, but also the 
 brain. 
 
 Sp. 1. CONVULSIO. 
 . a dentitione. 
 /3. ab inanitione. 
 y. a saburris intestinorum. 
 2. Verminosa. 
 
 1. Traumatica. 
 
 Sp. 2. EPILEPSIA. 
 . Cerebralis. 
 /3. Abdominalis. 
 y. Rigida. 
 
 2. Sympathetica. 
 t. Symptomatica. 
 
 Sp. 3. HYSTERIA. 
 . Vulgaris. 
 /3. Partialis. 
 
 a. Clavis. 
 
 b. Palpitatio hysterica. 
 
 c. Sternutatio hysterica. 
 
 d. Sub-syncope sine convulsionibus. 
 
 e. Dysuria hysterica. 
 
 A multitude of vegetable poisons, when purposely or in- 
 advertently swallowed, induce a varied suite of morbid phe- 
 nomena, affecting the brain as well as the nerves of sense and 
 motion, the most usual sequelae of which are different para- 
 lytic affections. Two only have received specific names 
 Raphania and Beriberia : the first was given by Linnaeus, from 
 E 
 
56 Cl. NEUROTICI. Ord. CINETICI. 
 
 the plant Eaphanistrum ; the second, again, is a disease pecu- 
 liar to the island of Ceylon. (Vide Good's Nosology, geu. 
 Synclonus.) 
 
 Sub-Ord. B. ADYNAMICI. Diseases of idiopathic atony 
 of the nerves of motion. 
 
 Gen. I. JSsTiiETERii.* Originating primarily from 
 the sensorium. 
 
 Sp. 1. PARALYSIS PRIMAKIA. In which post-mortem 
 examination shews no cognisable disorganisation. 
 . Hemiplegica. 
 
 From the time John Hunter stated, in his work on the 
 Blood, that in all the cases of hemiplegia he had examined, he 
 had " found an injury done to the brain in consequence of the 
 extravasation of blood," the idea that hemiplegic palsy was 
 invariably accompanied with sanguineous effusion has pre- 
 vailed ; but the recent and remarkable case of the illustrious 
 Cuvier has established the fact beyond question, that palsy 
 is occasionally a primary disease. 
 
 Sp.2. APHONIA (loss of voice}. 
 
 a.. Pathematica. From mental emotion. 
 ft. Symptomatic a. 
 y. Sequelosa. 
 
 Sp. 3. SYNCOPE (fainting'). 
 . Pathematica. 
 ft. ab inanitione. 
 y. a dolore. 
 
 2. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of hysteria, dis- 
 eases of the heart, &c. 
 
 Gen. II. ANTAGONISTIC:. Atony of the motor nerves, 
 evinced by unequal, irregular, or tremulous action of 
 antagonist muscles in their efforts to obey the will. 
 
 Partiales. 
 
 Sp. 1. STRABISMUS (squinting}. The two optic 
 axes not coinciding, from debility of one or more 
 of the muscles of the eye. 
 
 * From Hirfnrnfw, the sensorinm. 
 
Gen. ANTAGONISTICI. Sp. STRABISMUS. 57 
 
 ee. Atonicus. 
 
 /3. Sympatheticus. Contracted through sym- 
 pathetic imitation. 
 
 <y. Symptomaticus. Accompanying hydroce- 
 phalus, or tumours pressing on the optic 
 nerves. 
 
 Sp. 2. PSELLISMUS (stammering). 
 ec. Hsesitans. 
 /3. Titubans. 
 y. Paralyticus. Symptomatic of palsy. 
 
 All the other varieties usually enumerated of this disease 
 I consider as the result of bad habits, and not morbid effects. 
 
 Universales. 
 Sp. 1. CHOREA (St. Vitus's dance). 
 
 Sp. 2. TREMOR (trembling). 
 a,. Debilium. 
 /3. a frigore. 
 y. Pathematicus. 
 5. Senilis. 
 <. Paralyticus. Symptomatic of palsy. 
 
 Ord. IV. ERGATICI.* 
 
 Diseases of the organic functions, unattended with any 
 alteration of structure. 
 
 Trib. I. H.fcMAPOiETici.t Diseases resulting from the 
 function of sanguification. 
 
 Gen. I. HYPERH^MATosis.t Excessive elaboration of 
 blood. 
 
 Sp. 1. PLETHORA. General vascular turgescence, 
 from superabundance of blood. 
 
 * From i^yario;, operative. 
 
 t From alpa, blood, and <jrt>wrix.at t signifying the power of 
 making. 
 
 $ From u-ffi^, and aiftaraffis , sanguification. 
 
58 Cl. NEUROTICI. Ord. ERGATICI. 
 
 *. Tonica. Attended with a hypertonic state of 
 
 the arterial system. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Inflammatory and hsemorrhagic diseases. 
 ft. Atonica. Vital powers languid, pulse frequent 
 
 and full, but feeble. 
 
 Gen. II. HYPOHJEMATOSIS. Defective elaboration of 
 blood. 
 
 Sp. 1. ANAEMIA (emaciation). 
 A. Inanitorum. 
 ft. Famelicorum. 
 y. Debilium. 
 
 S. Dorsalis (tabes dorsalis). 
 Sequela. 
 
 Rachialgia Spermorrhoea. 
 i. Symptomatica. The usual consequence of most 
 
 chronic visceral diseases. 
 General sequela. 
 a. Hydrops. 
 
 a. (Edema. 
 
 b. Anasarca. 
 
 c. Ascites. 
 
 No dropsical affection is a purely primary disease : it is 
 either a symptom or a sequela. 
 
 Gen. III. CACOHTEMATOSIS. Cachectic elaboration of 
 blood. 
 
 Sp. 1. SCORBUTUS (scurvy). 
 
 a.. Nautarum. Occurring at sea. 
 ft. Asthenicus. Occurring in towns long besieged, 
 &c. from a spare and unwholesome diet. 
 
 Sp. 2. PURPURA (spontaneous ecchymosis). 
 M. Simplex. 
 ft. Haemorrhagica. 
 y. Urticodes. 
 
 2. Symptomatica (petechice). From a putrid 
 condition of the system, induced by disease. 
 
Gen. H^EMOSTASIS. Sp. MYCTERRHAGIA. 59 
 
 Trib. II. H&MACYCLICI.* Diseases of the circulation. 
 
 Gen. I. H^MOSTASIS. f Sanguineous congestions 
 from arterial determinations, or venous debility. 
 
 ARTERIALIS. Attended with a phlogotic diathesis and 
 hypertonic action of the arteries. 
 
 Sub-Gen. A. HJEMOSTASIS EPIRRHOICA.J Afflux of 
 blood to a part without sanguineous exhalation. 
 
 None of the diseases of this sub-genus have received spe- 
 cific names : a determination of blood to the head is one of 
 the most common. 
 
 Sub-Gen. B. H^EMOSTASIS H^EMORRHAGICA. Deter- 
 mination of blood to a particular organ, with san- 
 guineous exhalation from the arterial capillaries. 
 
 As the word hgmorrhagia signifies, according to its deri. 
 vation, a bursting out of blood, thus implying impetus or 
 force, the author has limited its employment to denote the 
 active sanguineous fluxes alone ; while, as hamorrhcea signi- 
 fies a flowing of blood simply, and conveys no idea of force or 
 impetus, so this word is used to designate the passive san- 
 guineous fluxes. While endeavouring thus to denote the 
 real pathological difference in the natures of these two morbid 
 phenomena by their nomenclature simply, he has, at the same 
 time, annexed a specific term indicative of the organ whence 
 the blood issues. 
 
 In the haemorrhagiae the efflux of blood is occasioned by 
 the diathetic tonic action of the capillary arteries, producing 
 sanguineous exhalation ; whereas, in the hasmorrhceae, the 
 sanguineous flux ensues from the engorgement of the ca- 
 pillary veins, produced by their inability to forward their 
 contents. 
 
 Sp. 1. MYCTERRHAGIA (epistaxis). Hsemorrhagy 
 from the mucous membrane of the nostrils. 
 . Idiopathica. 
 /3. Symptomatica. 
 
 * From at/tec, the blood, and KvxXas, a circuit. 
 t From olfta, and g<ra,<ni, a stagnation. 
 t From ixtpfoia, an afflux, or flowing into. 
 E2 
 
QQ Cl. NEUROTICI. Ord. ERGATICI. 
 
 y. Critica. 
 
 5. Vicaria. 
 
 Critical haemorrhages not unfrequently occur in fevers ; 
 and when they do, the disease ceases in consequence ; and 
 here we see the necessity of distinguishing the fluxes of 
 blood hy different appellations ; for when a h&morrhagy occurs 
 in the course of an idiopathic fever, it usually proves critical ; 
 whereas, when a haemorrhoca takes place, it is almost always 
 a sign of putridity, and indicative of a fatal termination. 
 
 Vicarious haemorrhages, again, proceed from a salutary effort 
 of nature to substitute either a natural sanguineous function, 
 or one the system has made so by habit. It is thus the cata- 
 menia, when suppressed, are often substituted ; or other san- 
 guineous fluxes to which the system has become habituated. 
 I may take occasion in this place to make the remark, that 
 vicarious haemorrhages do not alone proceed from the mucous 
 membranes we shall have to enumerate ; they are also known 
 to issue from the skin, from the surface of ulcers, from the 
 mammas, from the gums, &c.; whereas the other haemorrhages 
 and haemorrhoeas most commonly issue from the mucous mem- 
 branes exclusively. 
 
 Haemorrhages are sometimes hereditary, and thus must 
 be regarded as constitutional. Habit will induce the same 
 stasis ; and in these instances the sanguineous flux ought not 
 to be meddled with, as long as it induces no constitutional 
 disorder. 
 
 Sp. 2. BRONCHORRHAGIA. Hsemorrhagy from the 
 mucous lining of the bronchi. 
 
 Sp. 3. PNEUMORRHAGIA (haemoptysis). Hsemor- 
 rhagy from the mucous surface of the air-cells of 
 the lungs. 
 
 a.. Idiopathica. 
 
 /3. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of pneumo- 
 
 nitis, strumous tubercles, &c. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 y. Critica. 
 5. Vicaria. 
 
 Sp. 4. GASTRORRHAGIA (hoematemesis). Hsemor- 
 rhagy from the mucous tunic of the stomach. 
 <*. Idiopathica. 
 /3. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of organic 
 
Gen. H^EMOSTASIS. Sp. GASTRORRHAGIA. 61 
 
 disease of some of the abdominal viscera, 
 of acrid poisons taken into the stomach, of 
 gestation, &c. 
 
 y. Critica. 
 
 . Vicaria. 
 
 Gastrorrhagia and metrorrhagia are names already adopted 
 by the French pathologists. 
 
 Sp. 5. NEPHRORRHAGiA(^<2mafama). Hsemorrhagy 
 from the mucous lining of the pel vis of the kidney. 
 *. Idiopathica. 
 /3. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of nephritis, 
 
 renal calculi, worms, &c. 
 y. Critica. 
 j. Vicaria. 
 
 Sp. 6. ENTERORRHAGIA. Haemorrhagy from the 
 mucous coat of the intestines. 
 a.. Idiopathica. 
 
 /3. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of dysentery, 
 visceral obstructions, inflammation of the 
 rectum (hcemorrhois), &c. 
 y. Critica. 
 2. Vicaria. 
 
 Sp. 7. METRORRHAGIA (menorrhagia*). Haemor- 
 rhagy from the mucous lining of the womb. 
 a. Idiopathica. 
 /3. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of organic 
 
 disease of the uterus, &c. 
 y. Prsegnantium. From partial detachment of 
 
 the placenta. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Abortus. 
 
 2. Puerperarum. Succeeding delivery. 
 i. Critica. 
 . Vicaria. 
 
 No name could well be more improper to denote this species 
 of the haemorrhages than menorrhagia, which, we know, expresses 
 a flux of the menses, and not one of blood. 
 
62 Cl. NEUUOTICI. Ord. ERGATICI. 
 
 Sp. 8. CYSTORRHAGIA. Hsemorrhagy from the mu- 
 cous coat of the bladder. 
 a, Idiopathica. 
 
 yS. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of vesical cal- 
 culus, &c. 
 y. Critica.] 
 S. Vicaria. 
 
 Sp. 9. URETHRORRHAGIA. Hsemorrhagy from the 
 mucous lining of the urethra. 
 
 This species is almost always symptomatic of some disease 
 of the urethra, as stricture, urethritis virulenta (gonorrhoea), &c. 
 
 Haemorrhages from organs occasioned by violence belong 
 to the plagiE. 
 
 VENOSI. Sanguineous congestions in the veins. 
 
 Sub -Gen, A. HJEMOSTASIS PARTI ALIS. Occurring 
 chiefly in the brain. 
 
 Sp. 1. LETHARGUS (lethargy). From a torpid state 
 of the venous circulation within the head. 
 a.. Absolutus. 
 /3. Imperfectus. 
 
 Sp. 2. APOPLEXIA PRIMARIA. Proceeding from a 
 sudden stagnation of the blood in the head. 
 
 In this form of apoplexy there is no sanguineous effusion, 
 and the patient recovers his senses as soon as, from position 
 or quietude, the blood is liberated from the head. 
 
 Sp. 3. CATALEPSIA. 
 
 Sp. 4. ECSTASIS. 
 . Propria. 
 /3. Catochus. 
 
 In the last two species the muscles are affected with tonic 
 spasm. 
 
 Sub- Gen. B. H^EMOSTASIS TOPICA. Confined to the 
 external veins. 
 
 Sp. 1. VARIX. 
 . Simplex. 
 
Gen. RSMOSTASIS. Sp. VARIX. (jg 
 
 /3. Circocele. 
 
 y. Marisca. A chronic varicose state of the 
 hsemorrhoidal veins. 
 
 Sub -Gen. C. HJEMOSTASIS UNIVERSALIS. General 
 venous congestion, from the suspension of the respi- 
 ration and circulation. 
 
 Sp. 1. ASPHYXIA (suspended animation). 
 . Mephitica. 
 /3. Suffocationis. 
 y. Algida. 
 J. Electrica. 
 
 Sub-Gen. D. H.EMOSTASISCRUENTA. Congestion from 
 atony of some of the deep-seated veins, accompanied 
 with sanguineous effusion, and, for the most part, 
 with a leucophlegmatic diathesis. 
 
 Sp. 1. HJEMORRHOZA CEREBRI. 
 
 . Crebra (apoplexia secundarid). 
 Sequela. 
 
 Paralysis sequelosa. 
 /3. LENTA (paralysis secundaria). 
 
 a. Partialis. 
 
 b. Hemiplegica. 
 
 With respect to the occurrence of haemorrhoea within the 
 substance of the brain, standing, as it does, as an isolated in- 
 stance of the rupture from simple haemostasis of deep-seated 
 veins supported by parenchyma, it is to be observed, in the 
 first place, that the venous circulation within the head by 
 sinuses is of itself an anomaly in the system, and therefore 
 modifies the state of the function ; and, in the second, the 
 coats of both the arteries and veins of the brain are thinner 
 than in any other part of the body, and hence arises the greater 
 aptitude of the latter to rupture in cases of congestion. If 
 the blood be poured out quickly or abundantly, apoplexy is 
 the consequence ; if slowly, and in small quantity, then palsy 
 is the result. It is thus that we sometimes see the disease 
 begin with symptoms of palsy, and, as the eifusion increases 
 in quantity, terminate in apoplexy ; and vice vend, when 
 the original quantity has not been great, apoplexy will termi- 
 nate in palsy, when the serositv has become absorbed. 
 E3 
 
64 Cl. NEUROTICI. Ord. ERGATICI. 
 
 Sp. 2. H^EMORRHCEA NARIUM. 
 
 Sp. 3. HJEMORRHCEA GINGIVARUM. 
 
 Sp. 4. H^EMORRHCEA PuLMONUM. 
 
 Sp. 5. H.KMORRHOZA VENTRICULI. 
 
 Sp. 6. H.ZEMORRH02A RENIS. 
 
 Sp. 7. H.MORRH(EA INTESTINALIS. 
 
 . Recti (bleeding piles}. 
 
 Sp. 8. H.SMORRHCEA UTERI. 
 
 Sequela. 
 Hydrops. 
 
 a. Cutis. 
 
 b. Thoracis. 
 
 c. Abdominis. 
 
 d. Universalis. 
 
 The above sanguineous fluxes are also symptomatic of the 
 putrid and cachectic diseases. 
 
 Trib. III. ECCRITICI.* Diseases of the secretions. 
 
 Gen. I. HYPERPOIETICI. In which they are secreted 
 inordinately abundant. 
 
 Sp. 1. POLYSARCIA (obesity). Excessive secretion 
 of fat. 
 
 Sp. 2. EPHIDROSIS. Excessive and morbid condi- 
 tion of the perspiration. 
 
 a. Simplex. In which the perspiration is not 
 
 altered in quality. 
 
 p. Tincta. In which it is changed in its pro- 
 perties. 
 
 a. Sanguinea. 
 
 b. Viridis. 
 
 c. Nigra. 
 
 d. Cserulea. 
 S. Olens. 
 
 * From txx^ifit, secretion. 
 
Gen. HYPERPOIETICI. Sp. EPHIDROSIS. 65 
 
 a. Acida. 
 
 b. Fcetida. 
 
 . Symptomatica. Accompanying several dis- 
 eases. 
 . Critica. Deemed critical of the termination 
 
 of several acute diseases. 
 
 ii. Vicaria. In which milk, bile, and urine, 
 have been observed to pass off by the skin. 
 
 Sp. 3. DIARRHOEA. Inordinate secretion of the 
 intestinal fluids, with increase of the peristaltic 
 action. 
 
 it. Fusa. Faeces natural, but liquid and 
 
 abundant. 
 ft. Biliosa. 
 y. Chylosa. 
 
 J. Peristaltica (lienteria). 
 t. Aquosa. 
 
 The diarrhoea mucosa is not arranged with the above, from 
 its nature being purely catarrh al (vide Catarrhus intestinalis). 
 
 Sp. 4. MENORRHCEA. Inordinate secretion of the 
 menses. 
 
 *. Periodica. At the regular periods. 
 ft. Crebra. Recurring at more frequent periods 
 than natural. 
 
 Sp. 5. DIURESIS. Excessive secretion of urine. 
 
 *. Diabetica (diabetes). It is now unnecessary 
 to add " Mellita" since it is agreed that 
 there is but one form of this disease. 
 
 ft. Sympathetica. Produced by various articles 
 of diet, &c. 
 
 y. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of hysteria. 
 
 J. Critica. Ensuing on the termination of seve- 
 ral acute diseases. 
 
 Sp. 6. GALACTIRRHOZA. Inordinate secretion of 
 milk. 
 
 <*. Anticipans. Before delivery. 
 
66 Cl. NEUROTICI. Ord. ERGATICI. 
 
 /3. Serosa. Thin and watery. 
 
 y. Depravata. Vitiated in its properties. 
 
 Gen. II. HYPOPOIETICI. In which the natural secre- 
 tions are morbidly defective. 
 
 Sp. 1. AMENORRHCEA. Absence of the menses. 
 a.. Inops. In which they have never appeared. 
 /3. Chlorotica (chlorosis). 
 y. Suppressa. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Catamenia vicaria. 
 
 a. ab oculis. 
 
 b. a naribus. 
 
 c. a mammis. 
 
 d. a ventriculo. 
 
 e. ab intestinis. 
 /. ab ulcere, &c. 
 
 Sp. 2. DYSMENORRHOSA. Menses sparing in quan- 
 tity, and secreted with difficulty and pain. 
 . Sthenica. From rigidity. 
 /3. Asthenica. From debility. 
 y. Cessionis. Incidental to the period when they 
 are about to cease. 
 
 Sp. 3. DYSLOCHIA. Absence of the lochia. 
 . Inops. 
 /8. Suppressa. 
 
 Sp. 4. AGALAXIS. Absence of milk. 
 . Inops. 
 /3. Suppressus. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Galactirrhoea vicaria. 
 
 a. ab oculis. 
 
 b. a vagina. 
 
 c. a tota superficie mammarum. 
 
 d. a renibus. 
 
Gen. HYPOPOIETICI. Sp. ISCHURIA. (J7 
 
 Sp. 5. ISCHURIA. Absence of the secretion of urine. 
 . Inops. 
 
 There is one case on record of this singular phenomenon, 
 which the reader will find in the Philosophical Transactions, 
 by Mr. Richardson, of a boy who never secreted urine at all. 
 
 /8. Idiopathica. 
 
 y. Symptomatica. Symptomatic, at times, of 
 
 nephritis. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Urancephalus. Urine secreted into the 
 
 ventricles of the brain. 
 
 b. Diuresis vicaria. 
 
 a. a cute. In which the urine passes 
 
 off in the form of perspiration. 
 
 b. ab intestinis. Secreted and dis- 
 
 charged by the bowels. 
 
 The disease of defective secretion of bile, though so common 
 an affection, has obtained no specific name. Acholirrhcea 
 would express it ; the vicarious sequela of which is 
 
 Icterus. 
 
 a. a torpore hepatis. 
 
 b. a hepatite acuta. 
 
 c. chronica. 
 
 d. Pathematicus. From violent men- 
 
 tal emotion. 
 
 e. Sympatheticus. From the sympa- 
 
 thetic irritation of duodenitis, &c. 
 
 f. Symptomaticus. Accompanying the 
 
 yellow fever, &c. 
 
 The pathology of jaundice, as at present laid down in 
 books, is that it arises from the reabsorption into the circula- 
 tion of bile that had already been separated from the blood, 
 from an impediment existing somewhere to the transit of this 
 fluid into the duodenum. Now, without insisting on the pro- 
 digious quantity of bile that would be required to tinge yellow 
 so large a mass of an already deeply-coloured fluid as the 
 blood, it may be allowed us, in this place, to refer to the expe- 
 riment of M. Magendie, who, when he injected only about two 
 drachms of bile into the veins of an animal of the middle size, 
 
(J8 Cl. NEUKOTICI. Ord. EBGATICI. 
 
 caused its death. Again, it may be asked, how comes it so 
 frequently that jaundice shall occur, and yet no impediment 
 to the free issue and discharge of the bile shall be found to 
 have existed"! Another circumstance deserving of recol- 
 lection is, that bile is often seen to be separated in abundance 
 from the blood by the kidneys, for several days before any 
 jaundiced yellowness is perceptible even in the conjunctiva. 
 And the last fact I shall notice, subversive of the doctrine of 
 reabsorption, or of the necessity for it at all, is, that the expe- 
 riments of Orfila, Chevreul, and Clarion, have established, 
 that several of the immediate principles of bile, if not bile 
 itself, exist naturally in the blood ; and hence it would appear, 
 that the office of the liver in separating this fluid from the 
 circulation is not formative, but secretory, in the most literal 
 meaning of the word. 
 
 Premising these few remarks, we now can see why and in 
 what manner jaundice maybe produced, without having re- 
 course to the improbable doctrine of reabsorption, against 
 which a strong array of other circumstances militates. The 
 liver ceasing its function of separation from any cause, the 
 bile, or its immediate principles, thus accumulate in the blood ; 
 and when this takes place, the author conceives several vica- 
 rious actions are instituted as suppeditories : the kidneys are 
 made to strain off a large quantity of it ; cases are on record 
 where the salivary glands have secreted it in abundance ; and 
 the yellowness of the skin, he conceives, is entirely owing 
 to the same suppeditory function being instituted by the ex- 
 halants that open on the surface of the body ; hence we 
 not unfrequently see the body-linen of a jaundiced patient 
 tinged yellow. 
 
 Gen. III. CACOPOIETICI. Extraneous and vitiated 
 secretions. 
 
 Aeriformis. 
 
 Sp. 1. EMPHYSEMA. 
 
 . Subcutaneum. Inflating the subcutaneous cel- 
 lular membranes. 
 
 a. Idiopathicum (a venenis). 
 
 b. Symptomaticum (a vulneribus). 
 j3. Pulmonum. 
 
 a. Vesiculare. 
 
 a. Symptomaticum. 
 
 b. Traumaticum. 
 
Gen. CACOPOIETICI. Sp. EMPHYSEMA. (>9 
 
 b. Interlobulare. 
 
 a. Symptomaticum. 
 y. Pleurae. 
 
 a. Traumaticum. 
 2. Pericardii. 
 
 a. Traumaticum. 
 s. Tympaniticum (tympanitis), 
 
 a. Abdominale. 
 
 b. Intestinale. 
 
 c. Traumaticum. 
 
 d. Symptomaticum. Symptomatic of dys- 
 
 pepsia, hysteria, &c. 
 . Uteri (physometra, tympany of the womb). 
 
 MatericB Calcarecs. 
 
 Sp. 1. URALITHUS* (calculus, or the stone}, 
 a.. Renalis. 
 
 a. Arenosus (renal gravel). 
 
 b. Calculosus (stone in the kidney}. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Nephritis calculosa. 
 ft. Vesicalis. 
 
 a. Arenosus (vesical gravel). 
 
 b. Calculosus (stone in the bladder). 
 Sequelse. 
 
 a. Dysuria. 
 
 b. Cystitis calculosa. 
 
 Sp. 2. PHOSPHOLITHUS (ranuld). Deposition of a 
 phospho-calcareous matter within a salivary duct. 
 (Usually occurring under the tongue.) 
 
 Materi& Sebacece. 
 
 Sp. 1. ENCYSTIS.I Tumours formed by secretions 
 of a morbid nature into the sebaceous follicles. 
 <*. Steatoma. 
 
 * From ovgav, urine, and X&ey , a stone. 
 
 t From it, within, and xt/W<;, a sac or cyst. 
 
70 Cl. NEUIIOTICI. Ord. EROATICI. 
 
 /3. Atheroma. 
 y. Meliceris. 
 5. Molluscum. 
 
 These tumours diifer essentially from those fleshy forma- 
 tions immediately to be classified, from being merely morbid 
 alterations in the consistence and quality of the sebum, the 
 sac of which is formed by the enlarged follicle itself ; whereas 
 in the sarchexiae, the tumour is a new matter entirely, and 
 the enveloping cyst formed of condensed cellular membrane. 
 
 Trib. IV. ORECTICI.* Diseases of the appetites. 
 
 Sub-Gen. I. HYPEKTONICI. In which the appetites 
 are morbidly excessive. 
 
 Sp. 1. BULIMIA (voracious appetite). 
 
 . Helluonum. 
 
 /3. Syncopalis. A constant craving for food as 
 soon as the stomach is empty, accompanied 
 with a fainting sensation. 
 
 y. Canina. Insatiable appetite, followed by vo- 
 miting shortly after being gratified. 
 
 5. Convalescentium. Attendant on convalescence 
 after certain diseases, more especially fevers. 
 
 I had an opportunity of witnessing this in a remarkable 
 degree after the Walcheren fever. 
 
 s. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of worms, &c. 
 
 Sp. 2. SATYRIASIS. Unbridled desire for venery in 
 the male. 
 . Juvenilis. 
 ft. Furens. 
 y. Sympathetica. Excited by prurigo podicis. 
 
 Sp. 3. NYMPHOMANIA. Immoderate desire for ve- 
 nery in the female. 
 . Salax. 
 /3. Furibunda. 
 
 * From O^K, the appetite. 
 
Gen. CACOPOIETICI. Sp. NYMPHOMANIA. 71 
 
 y. ab acribus. 
 
 S. Sympathetica. Excited by prurigo pudendi, 
 podicisve. 
 
 The author has purposely excluded both Polydipsia and 
 Adipsia from his nosological arrangement, seeing they are 
 merely symptoms, and not diseases. 
 
 Gen. II. ATONICI. In which the appetites are mor- 
 bidly defective. 
 
 Sp. 1. ANOREXIA (want of appetite). 
 
 x. Idiopathica. From atony of the stomach. 
 
 /3. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of general de- 
 bility, palsy, all the cachexise, and of most 
 acute diseases. 
 
 Sp. 2. ANAPHRODISIA (defect of venereal desire). 
 . Asthenica. Usually induced by previous ex- 
 cesses. 
 /3. Symptomatica. Symptomatic of palsy, &c. 
 
 Gen. III. DIASTROPHICUS.* Depraved or perverted 
 appetite. 
 
 Sp. 1. PICA (a longing or craving). 
 at,. Chlorotica. Attendant on chlorosis. 
 /3. Prsegnantium. Affecting pregnant women. 
 <y. Afrorum. Observable in negroes. 
 
 Trib. V. CYETici.f Diseases of pregnancy. 
 Gen. I. GENETICI.J Of conception. 
 
 Sp. 1. FCETATIO EXTRA-UTERINA. 
 
 a. Ovaria. 
 ft. Tubalis. 
 y. Abdominalis. 
 
 * From $i<ifro$ti, perverse, depraved, t From Kvnms, pregnancy. 
 t From yinffis, generation. 
 
72 Cl. NEUROTIC: . Ord. EPGATICI. 
 
 Gen. II. TOCEI.* Of parturition. 
 
 Sp. 1. ABORTUS. Premature parturition. 
 
 Sp. 2. DYSTOCIA. Difficult parturition. 
 
 a.. Atonica. Labour protracted, from general or 
 
 local debility. 
 p. Implastica. From rigidity of the cervix uteri, 
 
 or of the vagina. 
 
 y. Perversa. From an unnatural presentation, 
 j. Amorphica. From some malformation either 
 
 of the mother or foetus. 
 *. Deuterotoca. From there being more than one 
 
 child. 
 General sequela. 
 
 Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 Sp. 3. ATOCIA. Parturition requiring instrumental 
 aid, from the inability of the uterus to accomplish 
 delivery. 
 
 Sp. 4. DEUTERIA. Retention of the after-birth. 
 Vogel uses this word. 
 
 Sp. 5. HYSTERALGIA PARTURIENTIUM. After-pains 
 inordinately severe. 
 
 * From r'oxsi, parturition. 
 
73 
 
 ClassisIV. VITIA. 
 INJURIES, morbid formations, and malformations. 
 
 The diseases of this class comprise all those injuries that 
 result from external violence, and which, for the most part, 
 are accompanied with disfigurations ; and likewise all those 
 morbid formations, the result of an extraneous formative 
 action, and those malformations whose origin is congenital. 
 
 Ord. I. DIALYTICA. 
 
 Disunions affected by force. 
 
 Gen. I. PLAGUE. Injuries of a recent nature. 
 Carnece. Inflicted on the soft parts. 
 
 Sp. 1. CONTUSIO. In which, the disruption is of a 
 bruised nature. 
 
 . Superficialis (ecchymosis). 
 
 /3. Profunda. 
 
 y. Complicata. Accompanied with a wound. 
 
 a. Thrombus. 
 
 b. Sugillatio. 
 
 Sp. 2. CONCUSSIO. 
 a,. Simplex. 
 /3. Complicata. Accompanied with a wound. 
 
 Sp. 3. STKEMMA (a strain). A violent and sudden 
 extension, and partial rupture of the fibres of a 
 tendon. 
 
 Sp. 4. VULNUS (a wound), 
 tt. Simplex. 
 ft. Laceratum. 
 y. Puncturatum. 
 . Penetrans. 
 i. Contusum. 
 
 F 
 
74 Cl. VITIA. Ord. DIALYTICA. 
 
 . Venenatum. 
 Sequela. 
 Ulcus. 
 Recens. 
 
 a. Simplex. 
 
 b. Irritabilis. 
 
 c. Sinuosus. 
 
 d. Gangrsenosus. 
 
 e. Specificus. 
 
 a. Sarcophagosus. 
 
 b. Scrofulosus. 
 
 c. Tuberculosus (noli me tangere}. 
 
 d. Cancrosus. 
 Chronicus. 
 
 a. Spongiosus. 
 
 b. Fistulosus. 
 
 c. Callosus. 
 
 Sp. 5. EXCORIATIO. 
 . ab acribus. 
 /3. ab attritione. 
 y. ab inflammatione. 
 2. ab ambustione. 
 
 a. a solido candente. 
 
 b. a fluido fervente. 
 
 c. ab ae're calido. 
 
 d. a corrosivis. 
 Sequelse. 
 
 a. Eschar. 
 
 b. Ulcus. 
 
 c. Gangrsena. 
 
 Ossece. Disunions of the osseous structures. 
 
 Sp. 1. FRACTURA. 
 a,. Simplex. 
 
 Sequela Articulus supplementarius. 
 a. Cranii. 
 
 Sequela Apoplexia traumatica. 
 
Gen. PLAG.S. Sp. FRACTURA. 75 
 
 b. Costarum. 
 Sequelse. 
 
 a. Pleuritis. 
 
 b. Pneumonitis. 
 
 c. Haemoptysis. 
 
 d. Emphysema. 
 
 c. Dentis. 
 
 Sequela Odontalgia cariosa. 
 /3. Comminuta. 
 
 y. Complicata (compound fracture). 
 Sequela. 
 Sphacelatio. 
 
 Sp. 2. FISSURA. 
 <*. Subjacens. 
 /3. Contrajacens. 
 <y. Complicata. 
 
 Sp. 3. DIASTASIS. Forcible separation of immovable 
 bones without fracture of their substance. 
 . Sutoria. Of the sutures of the cranium. 
 p. Synchondrosica. Of uniting cartilages. 
 
 a. Of the symphysis pubis. 
 
 b. Of the ileum from the sacrum. 
 
 c. Of a rib from the sternum. 
 
 y. Epiphysica. Of a bone from its epiphysis. 
 
 Ord. II. ECTOPICA. 
 
 Displacements originally the effect of force. 
 Gen. I. PARTE TECTA. 
 
 Sp. 1. HERNIA. 
 M. Inguinalis. 
 
 a. Scrotalis. 
 
 Congenita. 
 ft. Femoralis. 
 
 a. Enterica. 
 
 b. Vesicalis. 
 
7(5 Cl. VITIA. Ord. ECTOPJCA. 
 
 y. Umbilicalis. 
 
 a. Gastrica. 
 
 b. Hepatica. 
 
 c. Splenica. 
 
 d. Enterica. 
 $. Ventralis. 
 
 s. Diaphragmatica. 
 
 . Ischiatica. 
 
 D. Vaginalis. 
 
 S-. Interna. 
 
 Gen. II. PARTE NUDA. 
 
 Sp. 1. PROLAPSUS. 
 . Uteri. 
 
 a. Simplex. 
 
 b. Inversus. 
 
 c. Retroversus. 
 /3. Vaginae. 
 
 y. Intestinalis. 
 
 a. Externus. 
 
 Recti. 
 
 b. Interims. 
 
 Intususceptio. 
 
 Gen. III. PARTE DIMOTA. 
 
 Sp. 1. LTJXATIO. 
 a,. Simplex. 
 
 /3. Comitata. The consequence of rickets, carti- 
 laginous ulceration, &c. 
 
 Sp. 2. SUB-LUXATIO. 
 
Gen. SARCHEXI.E; Sp. SARCOMA. 77 
 
 Ord. III. CACOPLASTICI.* 
 
 Extraneous tumours of a solid nature, not the result of 
 depraved secretion, but of morbid formation. 
 
 Gen. I. SARCHEXIJE.! Fleshy formations. 
 
 Sp, 1. SARCOMA. 
 a. Vasculosum. 
 /3. Polyposum. Confined to the mucous tissues. 
 
 a. Plastic um. 
 
 b. Coriaceum. 
 */. Adiposum. 
 
 S. Adipocereum. 
 i. Cellulosum. 
 
 a, Bronchocele. 
 . Pancreaticum , 
 n. Hepaticum (hepatizatiori). 
 , Mammarium. 
 i. Tuberculosum. 
 x., Medullare. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Ulceratio medullosa (fungus hcsmatodes}. 
 A. Melanoticum. 
 p. Fibrosum (scirrhus). 
 Sequela. 
 
 Ulceratio cancrosa (carcinoma). 
 
 Gen. II. OsxHExi^4 Bony depositions. 
 
 Sp. 1. Ossificatio. 
 x. Cartilaginis. 
 
 /3. Organica. In the valves of the heart, blood- 
 vessels, &c. 
 Sequelae. 
 
 a. Hypertrophia et dilatatio cordis. Caused 
 
 * From xctxo;, signifying morbid, and ve).oif vinos, capable of 
 forming. 
 
 t From aa., flesh, and ifyf, a habit. 
 J From ofriav, a bone, and tfyt. 
 
"78 Cl. VITIA. Ord. CACOPLASTICI. 
 
 by the obstruction to the issue of blood 
 from the heart. 
 b. Aneurisma arteriarum. From ulcerative 
 
 absorption of the inner tunics ensuing. 
 a. Ruptura heemorrhagia. 
 y. Exotica. Insulated in some fleshy part. 
 
 Gen. III. CHONDREXIJE.* Cartilaginous formations. 
 
 These are also found isolated in different fleshy parts of 
 the body. 
 
 Gen. IV. LiTHExi^.f Earthy formations. 
 Sp. 1. TOFUS (gouty concretions). 
 
 Ord. IV. ALIENIGENI. 
 
 Extraneous lodgments made in the body by other 
 living animals. 
 
 It is on account of the anomalous nature of the following 
 diseases, that the author has deemed it necessary to place 
 them in an order by themselves. 
 
 Gen. I. VERMES (worms). 
 
 Alvi. Inhabiting the small intestines and caecum. 
 
 Sp. 1. ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES (long round-worm). 
 
 Sp. 2. TRICHOCEPHALUS (long thread-worm). 
 
 Sp. 3. T;ENIA. 
 
 a.. Vulgaris (broad tape-worm). 
 ft. Solium (long tape-worm). 
 
 Sp. 4. FASCIOLA (fluke. Gourd-worm). 
 Podicis. Inhabiting the lower part of the rectum. 
 Sp. 1. ASCARIS VERMICULARIS (maw-worm). 
 Sp. 2. SCARAB^I (larva: of the beetle species). 
 
 * From xofyas, a cartilage. f From XjV, a stone. 
 
Gen. VERMES. Sp. JSTRI. 79 
 
 Sp. 3. jEsTRi (larvae of the gad-fly). 
 
 Sp. 4. MUSCJE ciBARijE (larva of the pantry -fly}. 
 
 Sp. 5. GORDIUS (hair-worm, seta equind). 
 
 Gen. II. HYDATIDES. Found in various viscera, and 
 other parts of the body. 
 
 Any differences there may be in the species has not been 
 ascertained. 
 
 Ord. IV. CONGENITA. 
 
 Congenital malformations. 
 
 Gen. I. TOTIUS CORPORIS. 
 
 Sp. 1. NANUS (a dwarf). The whole body inordi- 
 nately diminutive. 
 
 Sp. 2. PROCERITAS INSOLENS. Inordinate stature. 
 This is not always, strictly speaking, a congenital affection. 
 
 Sp. 3. CORPUS MULTIPLICATUM. A double foetus. 
 
 Sp. 4. CORPUS CONVOLVENS. One foetus enclosed 
 within another. 
 
 Sp. 5. MOLA. General organisation confusedly and 
 imperfectly developed. 
 
 Gen. II. PARTIALIA. Malformations of particular 
 parts. 
 
 Cutis. 
 
 Sp. 1. ALPHOSIS. Rete mucosum wanting. 
 
 at. Europea (albino). Occurring in the European. 
 /3. ^Ethiopica. Occurring in the negro. 
 
 Sp. 2. N.KVUS (mother s-mark.) 
 
 . Spilosus. The stain superficial, and of various 
 colours. 
 
80 Cl. VlTIA. Ord. CONGENITA. 
 
 /3. DifFusus. Spread over a considerable portion 
 
 of the surface. 
 y. Protuberans. Prominent and tuberous. 
 
 a. Fructiformis. 
 
 b. Sessilis. 
 
 c. Pediculata. 
 
 2. Pilaris. Discolouration beset with hairs. 
 
 Sp. 3. HIRSUTIES. Hair growing inordinately long, 
 numerous, and strong, or appearing on parts not 
 usual. 
 
 Capitis. 
 Sp. 1. BICEPS. A double head. 
 
 Sp. 2. CRANIUM EXPERS (acephalus). Head want- 
 ing. 
 
 Sp. 3. HYDROCEPHALUS CONGENITUS. 
 
 Vertebrarum. 
 
 Sp. 1. SPINA BIFIDA. Defective ossification of one 
 or more of the lumbar vertebrse, accompanied 
 with intro-thecal serous effusion. 
 
 Labiorum. 
 
 Sp. 1. LABIUM PARTITUM (hare-lip). Upper lip 
 cleft down the middle. 
 
 Sp. 2. LABIUM BIPARTITUM. Upper lip double- 
 cleft. 
 
 Sp. 3. LABIA PROLAPSA. Lips large, protuberant, 
 and excessively unfolded. 
 
 Lingua. 
 
 Sp. 1. LINGUA FRJENATA (tongue-tie). Frsenum 
 too long. 
 
 Sp. 2. LINGUA EFFR.ENATA. Frsenum too short. 
 
Gen. PARTIALIA. Sp. AURIS FLACCA. 1 
 
 Auris. 
 
 Sp. 1. AURIS FLACCA (flap-ear). Lobe of the ear 
 large, broad, and pendulous. 
 
 Viscerum. 
 Sp. I. COR EXPERS (acardia). Heart wanting. 
 
 Sp. 2. COR TRANSLATIVUM. Transposed to the right 
 side. 
 
 Sp. 3. CYANOSIS (blue disease). From malforma- 
 tion within the heart. 
 
 Sp. 4. ANUS IMPERFORATUS. 
 
 Sp. 5. HEPAR MULTIPLICATUM. A double liver. 
 
 Urino-genitalium. 
 Sp. 1. VESICA EXPERS. 
 Sp. 2. URETHRA IMPERFORATA. 
 Sp. 3. URETHRA IMPERFECTA. 
 
 Sp. 4. PENIS IMMINUTA. Penis extremely small, 
 usually imperforate. 
 
 Sp. 5. PENIS MULTIPLICATA. A double penis. 
 Sp. 6. TESTES UNUS AMBOVE IN ABDOMINE INCLUSI. 
 Sp. 7. SCROTUM EXPERS. 
 Sp. 8. UTERUS MULTIPLICATUS. A double uterus. 
 
 Sp. 9. VAGINA MULTIPLICATA. A double vagina, 
 usually accompanying the preceding species. 
 
 Sp. 10. HYMEN IMPERFORATUS. 
 Sequela. 
 
 Retentio catameniae. 
 
 Sp. 11. HYMEN CENSUS ET VALIDUS. Preventing 
 copulation. 
 
 Sp. 12. CLITORIS EXPERS. 
 F 3 
 
2 Cl. VlTIA. Ord. CONGENITA. 
 
 Sp. 13. CLITORIS ELONGATUS. 
 
 Membrorum. 
 Sp. 1. MEMBRUM EXPERS. The whole or part of a 
 
 limb wanting. 
 
 Sp. 2. MEMBRUM SUPERFLUUM. The whole or part 
 of a limb supernumerary. 
 
 et. Cruramultiplicata. Lower extremities double. 
 /3. Digiti superflui. Supernumerary fingers or 
 toes. 
 
 Sp. 3. PEDES CONTORTS (club-feet). 
 
INDEX. 
 
 [The Classes, Orders, Sub-orders, and Tribes, are distinguished by small capi- 
 tals, the Genera and Species by Roman, and their Latin and English syno- 
 nyms by Italic type.] 
 
 Abortus, 72 
 
 Abscessus antri, 17 
 
 Absorptio suppurativa, 25, 26, 
 
 31,32 
 
 cartilaginosa, 33 
 Acna, 5 
 Acrotismus, 52 
 Adhesiones, 23, 24, 25 
 ADYNAMICI, 56 
 ^ESTHENICI, 48 
 ^Estheterii, 56 
 Agalaxis, 66 
 Agheustia, 50 
 Ague-cake, 36 
 Albino, 79 
 Albuminosi, 26 
 Algor, 49 
 ALIENIGENI, 78 
 Amaurosis, 50 
 Amenorrboea, 66 
 Anaphrodisia, 71 
 Anasarca, 58 64 
 Anaemia, 58, 64. 
 Anaesthesia, 51 
 Anchylosis, 30, 33 
 Aneurisma, 25, 78 
 Anorexia, 71 
 Anosmia, 17, 50 
 Antagonistic!, 56 
 Antritis, 17 
 Aphonia, 18, 56 
 Aphtha, 8 
 
 Apoplexia primaria, 62 
 seconder ia, 34 
 
 Apoplexia traumatica, 74 
 Apostema, 5, 35, 36, 37, 38 
 
 cerebri, 34 
 
 hepatis, 39 
 
 psoaticum, 6 
 
 pulmonum, 34 
 
 renis, 40 
 
 sero-purulens, 12 
 
 Arachnitis, 22, 36 
 Ardor, 49 
 Areolares, 5 
 Arteritis, 25 
 Arthrosis, 29 
 Ascarides, 78 
 Ascites, 36, 40, 43, 58 
 Asphyxia, 63 
 Asthma, 53 
 Atheroma, 70 
 Atocia, 72. 
 Atonici, 71. 
 Atrophia, 36 
 
 oculi, 23 
 
 venis, 40 
 
 Blennorrhcea urethralis, 21 
 . uterina, 21 
 
 vaginalis, 21 
 
 vesiculis, 20 
 
 Blepharitis, 15 
 Blue disease, 81 
 Blight, 15 
 Boil, 5 
 
 Broncheal croup, 19 
 Bronchitis, 18 
 
84 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bronchocele, 77 
 Bronchorrhagia, 60 
 Bubo, 40, 46 
 Bulimia, 70 
 Bursitis, 33 
 
 Cacohaematosis, 58 
 Cacoplastici, 77 
 Cacopoietici, 68 
 Calculus, 69 
 Callus, 3 
 Carbuncle, 5 
 Carbu.ncledfa.ee, 5 
 Carcinoma, 77 
 pylori, 19 
 Carditis, 35 
 Catalepsia, 62 
 Catochus, 62 
 Caries, 16, 24, 31, 46 
 Carunculitis, 37 
 Cataract, 27 
 Catarrhus, 19 
 Chancre, 46 
 Chicken-pox, 45 
 Chilblain, 4 
 Chincough, 55 
 Chlorosis, 66 
 Cholera, 54 
 Cholica, 54 
 Chololithus, 39 
 Chondrexiae, 78 
 Chorea, 57 
 Choroiditis, 23 
 CINETICI, 52 
 Circocele, 63 
 Clavis, 55 
 Clavus, 3 
 CLONICI, 55 
 Club-feet, 82 
 Colitis, 19 
 Concussio, 73 
 CONGENITA, 79 
 Conjunctivitis, 14 
 
 CONTAGIOSI, 13 
 
 Continens, 2 
 Continentes, 44 
 Contusio, 73 
 Convulsio, 55 
 
 Cophosis, 50 
 
 organica, 17, 24 
 
 Coriacei, 4 
 Corio-areolares, 5 
 Corion, 4 
 Corn, 3 
 Corneitis, 26 
 Cow-pox, 45 
 Coryza, 17 
 Cramp, 52 
 
 of the stomach, 51 
 
 Croup, 18 
 Crusta-lactea, 13 
 Cyanosis, 81 
 CYETICI, 71 
 Cystitis, 20 
 
 calculosa, 69 
 
 Cystorrhagia, 62 
 
 Dachryo-cystitis, 16 
 Dandrif, 7 
 Delirium tremens, 47 
 Depositio interstitialis, 23, 24, 
 30, 35, 36, 3840. 
 
 tuberculosa, 35 
 
 Deuteria, 72 
 Diabetes, 65 
 DIALYTICA, 73 
 Diarrhoea, 65 
 
 mucosa, 19 
 
 Diary fever, 2 
 Diastasis, 75 
 Diastrophicus, 71 
 Dilatatio arteriae, 25 
 
 cordis, 35, 77 
 
 Displacements, 75 
 Disunions, 73 
 Diuresis, 65 
 
 vicaria, 67 
 
 Duodenitis, 19 
 Dura-meningitis, 22 
 Dysaesthesis, 50 
 Dyssthetici, 48 
 Dysecoea, 17 
 Dysentery, 19 
 Dyslochia, 66 
 Dysmenorrhoaa, 66 
 Dysopia, 50 
 
INDEX. 
 
 85 
 
 Dyspepsia, 19 
 Dyspermatismus, 21 
 Dysphonia susurrans, 18 
 Dyspnoea, 56, 53 
 Dystocia, 72 
 Dysunia, 21, 69 
 hysterica, 55 
 
 Ecchymosis, 58, 73 
 ECCHITICI, 64 
 Ecstasis, 62 
 Ecthyma, 9 
 ECTOPICA, 75 
 Ectropium, 15 
 Eczema, 8 
 Efflorescentes, 9 
 Effusio abdominalis, 1 2 
 
 cerebralis, 12, 22 
 
 lymphatica, 25 
 
 purulenta, 24 
 
 serosa, 22 
 
 Egyptian ophthalmia, 15 
 
 Elephantiasis, 5 
 
 Emphysema, 68, 75 
 
 Empyema, 34 
 
 Encanthis, 37 
 
 Encephalitis, 33 
 
 Encystis, 69 
 
 Enteritis, 19 
 
 Enterorrhagia, 61 
 
 Entropium, 16 
 
 Enuresis, 40 
 
 Ephemera, 2 
 
 Ephidrosis, 64 
 
 Epidermici, 3 
 
 Epilepsia, 55 
 
 Epistaiis, 59 
 
 ERGATICI, 57 
 
 Erratica, 43 
 
 Eruptiones, 46 
 
 Erysipelas, 12 
 
 Erysipelatous puerperal fever, 12 
 
 Erythema, 10 
 
 Eschar, 74 
 
 EXANTHEMATICI, 44 
 
 Excoriatio, 74 
 Excretorii, 39 
 Exostosis, 32 
 
 Fainting, 56 
 Faucitis, 17 
 FEBRILES, 42 
 Fevers, 2 
 
 intermittent, 42 
 
 remittent, 43 
 
 continued, 44 
 
 Fibrosi, 27 
 Fish-skin disease, 3 
 Fissura, 75 
 Fistula in ano, 20 
 
 in perinffio, 21 
 
 lachrymalis, 16 
 
 Fleshy formations, 77 
 Fcetatio extra-uterina, 71 
 Formicatio, 49 
 Fractura, 74 
 Fragilitas ossium, 46 
 Frambsesia, 45 
 Fungus hamatodes, 77 
 Furunculus, 5 
 
 Galactirrhoea, 65 
 Ganglion, 33 
 Gangraena, 6, 17, 74 
 Gastralgia arthritica, 30 
 Gastrodynia, 51 
 Genetici, 71 
 Gingivitis, 31 
 Glandulares, 36 
 Glaucoma, 23 
 Gleet, 21 
 Glossitis, 18 
 Gonorrhoea, 21 
 Gonorrheal ophthalmia, 15 
 
 cystitis, 20 
 
 Gout, 30 
 Gravel, 69 
 
 H^MACYCLICI, 59 
 H^EMAPHARMATICI, 42 
 Hzemaplegia, 56, 63 
 H^MAPOIETICI, 57 
 Hamatemesis, 60 
 H&maturia, 61 
 Haemophthalmus, 23 
 Heemoptysis, 75, 60 
 Hamorrhagia, 59 
 
86" 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Haemorrhoea cerebri, 31, 34, 63 
 
 gingivarum, 64 
 
 intestinalis, 36, 40, 64. 
 
 . narium, 64 
 
 pulmonum, 64 
 
 . recti, 20, 40 
 
 renis, 64 
 
 uteri, 64 
 
 ventriculi, 36, 43, 64 
 
 HcBinorrhois, 20, 61 
 Haemostasia arterialis, 59 
 
 venosa, 62 
 
 Hare-lip, 80 
 Headach, 51 
 Hectic fever, 2 
 Hemeralopia, 50 
 Hemicrania, 29 
 Hemiopia, 50 
 Hepatisatio, 77 
 
 pulmonum, 34 
 
 Hepatitis, 39, 43 
 Hernia, 75 
 Herpes, 8 
 Hoarseness, 18 
 Hordeolum, 16 
 Humid tetter, 9 
 Hyaloiditis, 23 
 Hydatids, 79 
 Hydrocele, 39 
 Hydrocephalus, 22, 34, 36 
 
 congenita, 80 
 
 Hydropericardium, 25 
 Hydrophobia, 46 
 Hydrops, 58 
 
 abdominis, 64 
 
 cutis, 64 
 
 labyrinthi, 24 
 
 ovarii, 36 
 
 .. thoracis, 64 
 
 universalis, 64 
 
 Hydrophthalmia, 23 
 Hydrothorax, 24 
 Hypereesthesis, 48 
 Hyperaesthetici, 47 
 Hyperhaematosis, 57 
 Hyperpoietici, 64 
 Hypertonici, 70 
 Hypertrophia cordis, 35, 77 
 
 Hypertrophia pulmonun, 35 
 
 renis, 40 
 
 thymi, 35 
 
 Hypochondriasis, 48 
 Hypohaematosis, 58 
 Hypopoietici, 66 
 Hypopyou, 23 
 Hysteralgia, 72 
 Hysteria, 55 
 
 Ichthyiasis, 3 
 Icterus, 39, 43, 67 
 IDIOPATHICI, 3 
 Iliac passion, 54 
 Ileitis, 19 
 Impetigo, 9 
 Incubus, 54 
 Induratio, 37, 38 
 Infiltratio, 20 
 
 purulenta, 34 
 
 Inflammatory fever, 2 
 Influenza, 19 
 INTERNI, 14 
 Intumescentia, 37, 38 
 Intus-susceptio, 76 
 Involuntarii, 54 
 IOTICI, 46 
 Iritis, 22 
 Ischuria primaria, 40, 67 
 
 retentionis, 21 
 
 Itch, 13 
 
 Jejunitis, 19 
 
 Labyrinthitis, 24 
 Lamina albida, 7 
 
 cornea, 3 
 
 Larvata, 43 
 Laryngeal croup, 18 
 Laryngitis, 18 
 Lentitis, 27 
 Lepra, 6 
 Leprosy, 6 
 Lethargus, 62 
 Leucoma, 26 
 Licben, 11 
 Lienteria, 6,5 
 Lithexiae, 78 
 
INDEX. 
 
 87 
 
 Longing, 71 
 Lumbago, 29 - 
 Luxatio, 76 
 Lymphatic!, 40 
 
 Malacosteon, 32 
 Mania, 47 
 Marisca, 20, 63 
 Measles, 44 
 Melancholia, 47 
 Melanoticum, 77 
 Meliceris, 70 
 MEMBRANACEI, 2 
 Menorrhagia, 61 
 Menorrhcsa, 65 
 Metrorrhagia, 61 
 Miliaria, 8 
 Mollifies ossium, 32 
 Molluscum, 70 
 Mortification, 6 
 Mother' s-mark, 79 
 Mucosi, 14 
 Muculens, 44 
 Mycteritis, 17 
 
 Nanus, 79 
 Nsevus, 79 
 Nehula, 26 
 Necrosis, 31 
 Nephritis, 40 
 Nephrorrhagia, 61 
 Nettle-rash, 1 1 
 Neuralgia, 51 
 
 cephalica, 51 
 
 NEUROTICI, 47 
 Night-mare, 54 
 Nodes, 46 
 
 Noli me tangere, 74 
 Nyctalopia, 49 
 Nymphomania, 70 
 
 Obesity, 64 
 
 Obliteratio arteriae, 25 
 Odontalgia, 31, 75 
 Odyneroti, 51 
 CEdema, 58, 64 
 
 pulmonum, 34 
 
 (Esophagitis, 18 
 
 Onyx, 26 
 Orchitis, 38 
 ORECTICI, 70 
 Ossificatio, 77 ^ 
 Osthexiae, 77 
 Otitis, 16 
 Ovaritis, 36 
 
 Palpitatio hysterica, 55 
 Pancreatitis, 38 
 Papillares, 10 
 Paracusis, 49 
 Parageusis, 49 
 Paralysis primaria, 56 
 
 secundaria, 63 
 
 sequelosa, 63 
 
 Parapsis, 49 
 PARENCHYMATOSI, 33 
 Paronychia, 6 
 Parosmis, 49 
 Parotitis, 37 
 Parturition, 71 
 Pericarditis, 24 
 Perichondritis, 32 
 Periostitis, 31 
 Periostosis, 31, 32 
 Peripnenmonia, 34 
 Peritonitis, 25 
 Pernio, 4 
 Pertussis, 55 
 Pestis, 44 
 Petechite, 58 
 Pharyngitis, 18 
 Phimosis, 5 
 Phlebitis, 25 
 Phlegmasia dolens, 26 
 Phlegmon, 5 
 
 subfascialis, 6 
 
 Phlogosis cutanea, 4 
 
 vasor. lymph. 40 
 
 PHLOGOTICI, 1 
 Phospholithus, 69 
 PHRENICI, 47 
 Phrenitis, 22 
 Phthisis 
 
 apostematosa, 34 
 
 tuberculosa, 35 
 
 ulcerativa, 35 
 
88 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Physometra, 69 
 Pica, 71 
 Pilaris, 4 
 Pityriasis, 7 
 Plagae, 73 
 Plague, 44 
 Plethora, 57 
 Pleuritis, 24, 75 
 Plica, 4 
 Pneumonia, 34 
 Pneumonitis, 34, 36, 75 
 Pneumorrhagia, 60 
 Podagra, 30 
 Polypus oesophagi, 18 
 
 meati auditorii, 16 
 
 narium, 17 
 
 palpebrae, 15 
 
 uteri, 21 
 
 Polysarcia, 64 
 Polyposum, 77 
 Pompholyx, 7 
 Pregnancy, 71 
 Prickly-heat, 11 
 Proctitis, 20 
 Prolapsus, 76 
 Prostatitis, 38 
 Pruritus, 49 
 Pseudoblepsis, 49 
 Psellismus, 57 
 Psoriasis, 6 
 Pterygium, 15 
 Purpura, 58 
 Purulent ophthalmia, 15 
 Pustular ophthalmia, 15 
 Pustules, 9 
 Pustulosi, 8 
 Pustulo-vesicularis, 45 
 PYRECTICI, 2 
 
 Quartana, 43 
 Quotidiana, 42 
 
 Rachialgia, 58 
 Ranula, 69 
 Rancitas, 18 
 Rectitis, 20 
 Red-gum, 10 
 Remittens, 2, 43 
 
 Retentio catameniae, 81 
 
 urinse, 21 
 
 Rheumatismus, 28 
 Rickets, 32 
 Ringworm, 8 
 
 of the scalp, 13 
 
 Roseola, 10 
 Rubeola, 44 
 Rupia, 8 
 
 Ruptura corneae, 27 
 Ruptures, 75 
 
 St. Anthony's fire, 12 
 St. Vitus's dance, 57 
 Sarchexiae, 77 
 Sarcoma, 77 
 Satyriasis, 70 
 Scabies, 13 
 Scald-head, 13 
 Scaly tetter, 6 
 Scarlatina, 45 
 Sciatica, 29 
 Scirrhus, 40, 77. 
 Sclerocele, 39 
 Sclerotitis, 28 
 Scorbutica, 31 
 Scorbutus, 58 
 Scrofula, 41 
 Scrofulosa, 3235 
 Sebacei, 5 
 
 Secondary apoplexy, 34 
 Secretio expers, 16 
 Secretorii, 36 
 Serosi, 21 
 Shingles, 8 
 Sinus, 6 
 Small-pox, 45 
 Somnambulismus, 48 
 SPASMODICI, 52 
 Spermorrhcea, 58. 
 Spbacelus, 6, 20, 37, 75 
 
 cerebri, 34 
 
 cordis, 35 
 
 ossis, 31 
 
 pulmonum, 34 
 
 Spina bifida, 80 
 
 ventosa, 32 
 
 Splenis induratio, 36 
 
INDEX. 
 
 89 
 
 Spienitis, 36, 43 
 
 Tonsillitis, 37 
 
 Squamosi, 6 
 
 Toothach, 51 
 
 Squinting, 56 
 
 Tooth-rash, 10 
 
 Stammering, 57 
 
 Tracheal-croup, 18 
 
 Staphyloma, 23, 27, 28 
 
 Traumatic apoplexy, 34 
 
 Steatoma, 69 
 
 Trembling, 57 
 
 Sternutatio hysterica, 55 
 
 Tremor, 57 
 
 Stitch, 51 
 
 Trichiasis, 16 
 
 Stone, 69 
 
 Trismus, 52 
 
 Stone-pock, 5 
 
 Tumours, 77 
 
 Strabismus, 56 
 
 Tympanitis, 69 
 
 Strain, 73 
 
 Tympany of the womb, 69 
 
 Stremma, 73 
 
 
 Strictura oesophagi, 18 ' 
 
 Ulceratio, 16, 20 
 
 recti, 20 
 
 cancrosa, 77 
 
 urethrse, 21, 38 
 
 cartilaginosa, 33 
 
 Strophilus, 10 
 
 coenosa, 17 
 
 Stye, 16 
 
 conjunctiva?, 15 
 
 Subcutanei, 5, 11 
 
 fasciarum, 6 
 
 Sub-luxatio, 76 
 
 faucium, 46 
 
 Sub-syncope, 55 
 
 gangraenosa, 12 
 
 Sugillatio, 73 
 
 ossea, 31 
 
 Suppuratio, 5, 16, 22, 24 
 
 Ulcus, 5, 46, 74 
 
 diffusa, 6 
 
 cornea?, 26 
 
 Sycosis, 5 
 
 Uralithus, 69 
 
 SYMPATHETICI, 6 
 
 Urancephalus, 67 
 
 Syncope, 56 
 
 Urethritic rheumatism, 29 
 
 Synocha, 2 
 
 Urethrorrhagia, 62 
 
 remittens, 2 
 
 Urticaria, 11 
 
 Synochodes, 44 
 
 
 Syphilis, 46 
 
 Vaccinia, 45 
 
 Syphilitica, 32 
 
 Vagino-testitis, 39 
 
 Syphilodes, 46 
 
 Varicella, 45 
 
 
 Variola, 45 
 
 Tabes dorsalis, 58 
 
 Varix, 62 
 
 Taenia, 78 
 
 Vascularis, 44 
 
 Tarsitis, 15 
 
 Vasculosus, 4 
 
 TEGUMENTARII, 2 
 
 Vegetationes granulares, 15 
 
 Teneritudo, 49 
 
 Venom, 46 
 
 Tertiana, 42 
 
 Venenosi, 46 
 
 Tetanus, 53 
 
 Venereal disease, 46 
 
 Thrush, 8 
 
 Vermes, 78 
 
 Thrombus, 73 
 
 Verruca, 3 
 
 Thymitis, 35 
 
 Vesiculo-pustulares, 13 
 
 Tocei, 72 
 
 Vesiculosi, 7 
 
 Tofi, 30, 78 
 
 Virosi, 46 
 
 Tongue-tie, 80 
 
 VITIA, 73 
 
 TONICI, 52 
 
 Voluntarii, 52 
 
90 
 
 IXDEX. 
 
 Vulnus, 73 
 
 Wart, S 
 Whitlow, 6 
 Worms, 78 
 
 Wound, 73 
 
 Fa it's, 45 
 Yellow fever, 43 
 
 THE END. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 J. MOVKS, CASTLK STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE. 
 
'L 
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 A 000 047 899