n 
 
 ■jHHW^ 
 
 HH 
 
 1 
 
 iififiiitjiifit 
 
 W M It >h
 
 Or 
 
 '^OJITVjr^C'^ 
 
 rTt 
 
 •OF-CALi[(%, 
 
 .HVHeiT^^ '■/^AWHflllT^' 
 
 o 
 
 ' r iT~^ 
 
 
 
 ?^
 
 
 )SANGELfj> 
 
 .OS-ANGELirJV 
 
 '^a)jnv3J0- 
 
 .OPCALIFO/?,^ 
 
 
 sMEUNIVER^;^. 
 
 
 ^AHV 
 
 ■r7nnw.^m-
 
 THE DIARY OF 
 JAMES GALLATIN

 
 THE DIARY OF 
 JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 SECRETARY TO ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 A GREAT PEACE MAKER 
 
 1813-1827 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 COUNT GALLATIN 
 
 WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY VISCOUNT BRYCE 
 
 NEW EDITION 
 
 NEW YORK 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 
 1916 
 
 r* T) *> ^ »7 
 
 fl? (0 /w Jl. a
 
 Copyright, 1914, 1916, by 
 CHARLES SCRIBNEB'S SONS
 
 & I2> 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 In 1875 my grandfather, James Gallatin, handed me a 
 large sealed packet, telling me it contained his Diary 
 from 1813 until 1827, also many important private 
 documents. 
 
 I was not in any case to publish any part of it until 
 1900. He died the following year. It lay unopened and 
 nearly forgotten until last year. On reading it, I found 
 it of the deepest interest. This decided me (after weeding 
 out large portions and suppressing anything that might 
 offend) to offer it to the public. 
 
 It throws a very clear light on the events leading up 
 to the Treaty of Ghent, and on the actual conclusion of 
 that treaty. James accompanied his father, Albert 
 Gallatin, as private and confidential secretary. He was 
 sixteen years of age when the Diary opens. ^ 
 
 Albert Gallatin held a unique position. Born at 
 Geneva in 1761, of one of the most aristocratic families, 
 he was left an orphan at an early age, and was brought 
 up by his grandmother, Madame de Gallatin-Vaudenet. 
 She was a woman of very strong character, an intimate 
 friend of the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel, and also of 
 Voltaire. 
 
 Albert Gallatin was much influenced by the latter 's 
 liberal theories; also he had imbibed the ideas of 
 Rousseau and Condorcet. At the age of nineteen his 
 grandmother informed him that she intended placing 
 him in the army of the Landgrave with the rank of 
 lieutenant-colonel. His answer was, "I will not serve 
 a tyrant." A sharp box on the ears from her decided
 
 PREFACE 
 
 his future. Without the knowledge of any of his relations, 
 and at that time the possessor of but a small fortune, he 
 suddenly disappeared. The next heard of him was in 
 America. 
 
 In this connection the following letter of May 24, 1780, 
 from Benjamin Franklin to Richard Bache, Postmaster- 
 General of the United States, is of interest: 
 
 Dear Son, 
 
 Messieurs Gallatin and de Serre, two young 
 gentlemen of Geneva of good families and very good char- 
 acters, having an inclination to see America, if they 
 should arrive in your City I recommend them to your 
 Civilities, Counsel and Countenance. 
 
 I am ever your affectionate father, 
 B. Franklin. 
 
 At the age of forty, Albert Gallatin held the position 
 of Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. This 
 post he held until 1814. 
 
 In 1813, an official offer having been made by the 
 Russian Minister, Count Dashkoff, of the mediation of 
 Russia, with a view to making peace between England 
 and the United States, Mr. Madison, the President, sent 
 for Mr. Gallatin and requested him to proceed at once to 
 St. Petersburg as head of a mission, appointing Mr. 
 Adams (Minister to Russia) and Mr. Bayard as the other 
 two delegates. 
 
 On April 1, 1813, the Treasury was empty; but, with 
 the assistance of John Jacob Astor,* Gallatin was enabled 
 to make terms with the banking houses of Parish and 
 Girard, and so saved the United States from bankruptcy. 
 It was a bitter pill for the Federalists to swallow that 
 
 * John Jacob Astor from Waldorf, Germany. At the age of sixteen 
 he joined his elder brother, a dealer in musical instruments, in London. 
 At the age of twenty with a small pack of furs he started on his own 
 account in New York. Later he carried on a fur trade with the 
 Indians, purchased real estate in New York and accumulated an im- 
 mense fortune. 
 
 vi
 
 PREFACE 
 
 three foreigners (Parish was a Bohemian) should have 
 achieved this; it also rather put American patriotism to 
 shame. 
 
 As the Diary will show, the mission to Russia was 
 futile. But Gallatin made every effort, and with the aid 
 of his friends, Madame de Stael, Generals Lafayette and 
 Moreau, and Baron Humboldt, he obtained a personal 
 interview with the Emperor Alexander in London. 
 There is no doubt that the latter's influence had great 
 weight. That Albert Gallatin under the greatest diffi- 
 culties (particularly with his own colleagues) made the 
 Treaty of Peace is now universally acknowledged. His 
 being a foreigner was a great advantage to him as a 
 negotiator in Europe — but placed him at a disadvantage 
 in America. 
 
 Lord Castlereagh and the Duke of Wellington were 
 glad to treat with him, and in 1815 he practically com- 
 pleted the Commercial Treaty, though by his tact he 
 allowed Mr. Adams to imagine that he had done so. 
 
 He was Minister in France from 181G until 1823, and 
 was the United States Ambassador in England from 
 1826 to 1827. He was a man of the most simple tastes 
 but of deep learning. Louis XVIII once laughingly said 
 to him, "Your French is more perfect than mine, but 
 my English is far better than yours." 
 
 John Jacob Astor made him the most generous offer 
 of a share in his business, Alexander Baring* did the 
 same; he refused them both with the same answer, "A 
 man holding the position I have must not die rich." 
 
 He was offered the Treasury again in 1844. He did 
 not answer the letter, but simply endorsed it, "Folly of 
 which I take no notice." 
 
 He died in 1849 at the age of eighty-eight. It was 
 always his wish that my father, his eldest grandson, 
 should return to Geneva, and that his children should not 
 be brought up in America. 
 
 * Alexander Baring. First Lord Ashburton. 
 vii
 
 PREFACE 
 
 I was brought up by my grandfather, James Gallatin, 
 the author of this Diary. My father died at Geneva, in 
 1859. 
 
 London, 
 
 October 1914.
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 Just one hundred years ago three envoys from the United 
 States met, at Ghent, three from Great Britain, in order 
 to negotiate for a peace which should close the aimless 
 and indecisive war which those countries had been waging 
 for two years. After many weeks of wrangling, during 
 which they often despaired of success, they succeeded, 
 and on December 24, Christmas Eve, the treaty of the 
 two nations was signed, which has given one hundred 
 years of a peace several times endangered, but never 
 broken, and now far more likely to continue unbroken 
 than it ever was before. 
 
 This result was mainly due to the tact, patience, self- 
 control, and wisdom of Albert Gallatin, one of the Ameri- 
 can Commissioners, the others being John Quincy Adams, 
 Henry Clay, Bayard and Russell. Born at Geneva in 
 1761 of an ancient family, originally from Savoy, he had 
 gone to the United States in 1780, had entered Congress 
 in 1795, and had at once risen to distinction there by his 
 remarkable gifts — clearness of thought, power of logical 
 argument, and steadfastness of purpose. As Secretary 
 of the Treasury in the administrations of Jefferson and 
 Madison from 1800 to 1813, he had resumed the wise 
 financial policy of Alexander Hamilton, another natural- 
 ized American citizen, and brought the finances of the 
 country into a sounder condition than had ever been 
 seen before. His eldest son, James Gallatin, then a boy 
 of seventeen, acted as his father's secretary in the peace 
 negotiations of 1814, and had already begun, when he 
 accompanied his father to Europe in 1813, a private 
 Diary which he continued during the period (1815-23) 
 
 ix
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 when the latter was United States Minister in Paris, 
 and which covers also the period (1826-27) of Albert 
 Gallatin's last special diplomatic mission to England. 
 The latest entry is October 9, 1827. 
 
 This Diary, given many years ago by James Gallatin 
 to his grandson, is now published by the latter, Count 
 Gallatin. It is a singularly fresh, frank, and vivid 
 record of the incidents which the young man saw in 
 Holland, France, and England during his stay there, 
 and of the sentiments which those incidents evoked 
 when they happened. Young Gallatin had great ad- 
 vantages as an observer, for while his father's position 
 gave him access to the society of the ruling classes in 
 the countries named, he was himself able to move about 
 more freely than his father could, and see life on its 
 unofficial side. Being moreover a detached observer, 
 and in character and tastes more a Genovese than an 
 American, he was able to survey men and things with 
 an impartially critical eye, which in its youthful confidence 
 spared nobody, except his father, and saw the faults of 
 his American citizens at least as clearly as he did those 
 of Frenchmen or Englishmen. 
 
 The intimacy of his daily jottings gives us a lively 
 picture of the Gallatin family. His mother, daughter of 
 a distinguished naval officer. Commander Nicholson, and 
 granddaughter of Sir Francis Nicholson, once Governor 
 of Maryland, was a typical American Protestant and 
 highly estimable Southerner of that time, altogether well 
 regulated, and so loyal to her Puritan piety that she re- 
 fused to attend on a Sunday any of the State and Court 
 functions which the customs of the Bourbon Restoration 
 allotted to that day. His sister, also well regulated, was 
 not without liveliness and spirit. James, the diarist, is 
 a bright fellow with plenty of humour and by no means 
 well regulated. The ruling figure is, of course, the 
 illustrious father. The picture of his character is all 
 the more interesting because Albert Gallatin was a 
 
 X
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 singularly reserved and to strangers cold and even 
 austere man, the product of generations of Calvinist 
 ancestors, an aristocrat by sentiment, and though by 
 conviction a stern republican, yet under no illusions as 
 to the weak sides of democracy. His perseverance, his 
 high sense of duty, and his clear, strong judgment came 
 out both in the notices of his conduct in difficult moments 
 and in the letters from his pen, some few of which have 
 been very properly inserted in the book. Students of 
 American history will value these familiar glimpses of a 
 man who did not in his own day receive from the general 
 American public the credit which his disinterestedness 
 as well as his abilities deserved. He was not made for 
 popularity, and he certainly never sought it, but those 
 with or under whom he worked recognized his powers, 
 and though there had often been friction between him 
 and John Quincy Adams, that upright and public-spirited 
 man insisted on his accepting the mission to London in 
 1826, which Gallatin had sought to avoid. 
 
 There are in this book many interesting sidelights on 
 the remarkable events and personages of the time. 
 Napoleon Bonaparte (during the Hundred Days) and 
 the Duke of Wellington pass across the stage. Louis 
 the Eighteenth appears frequently, and the Duke of 
 Berri, of whose assassination in 1820 there is a vivid 
 account. So does King George the Fourth and the Tsar 
 Alexander I of Russia, and his Minister Pozzo di Borgo, 
 the only Corsican, except the Bonapartes and Paoli, who 
 has figured in European history since the tenth century. 
 We hear a good deal about Lafayette and Madame de 
 Stael, and Joseph Bonaparte and Madame Patterson 
 Bonaparte (the wife of Jerome Bonaparte), while among 
 the other personages more or less fully touched on, there 
 are Alexander von Humboldt, Lord Castlereagh, Chateau- 
 briand, Talleyrand (of whom there is a good anecdote), 
 Count d'Orsay, Madame Recamier, Count Walevski, 
 George Canning, Lord Goderich, and those two well- 
 
 xi
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 known memoir writers, the Countess de Boigne and 
 Charles Greville. The anecdotes are often slight but 
 generally diverting. There is a good deal of scandal, but 
 it is so softened by the lapse of a century that even the 
 descendants of the persons implicated need not greatly 
 care. The anecdotes and the gossip present a lively pic- 
 ture of the society of the time, more dissolute in France, 
 more intemperate in England, more crude in America. 
 On the social as well as the political side, the book is a 
 contribution to history, and Europeans as well as Amer- 
 icafis may be glad that the Diary of this youthful diplo- 
 matist has not shared the common fate of those to which 
 young men consign their personal experiences. 
 
 James Bryce. 
 
 xu
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 PART I 
 
 FROM THE RUSSIAN OFFER OF MEDIATION TO THE '^*°" 
 CONCLUSION OF THE TREATY OF GHENT 1 
 
 PART II 
 
 FROM THE CONCLUSION OF THE TREATY OF GHENT 
 TO THE SIGNATURE OF THE TREATY OF COM- 
 MERCE 46 
 
 PART III 
 
 THE MINISTRY IN FRANCE: FROM THE RESTORATION 
 OF THE BOURBONS TO THE ASSASSINATION OF 
 THE DUC DE BERRI 78 
 
 PART IV 
 
 THE MINISTRY IN FRANCE: FROM THE ASSASSINA- 
 TION OF THE DUC DE BERRI TO THE RETURN OF 
 ALBERT GALLATIN TO AMERICA 165 
 
 PART V 
 
 THE SPECIAL MISSION TO ENGLAND 244 
 
 APPENDIX I— CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN ALBERT 
 
 GALLATIN AND ALEXANDER BARING 279 
 
 APPENDIX II— LETTER FROM VOLTAIRE TO THE 
 
 COMTE D'ARGENTAL 296 
 
 APPENDIX III— TRANSLATION OF DECISION OF THE 
 
 5th AUGUST, 1810 297 
 
 xui
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 James Gallatin Frontispiece 
 
 By David, 1822. 
 
 FACING PAGE 
 
 Letter to Richard Bache 1 
 
 From the original. 
 
 Hotel d'Alcantara, Ghent, where the American Commissioners 
 lodged during the negotiations ending in the signing of the 
 
 Treaty of Peace, December 24, 1814 36 
 
 From the only known etching. 
 
 Card to the ball given at the marriage of the Dauphin, father 
 of Louis XVI 56 
 
 Given to James Gallatin at Coppet, 1815, by the Marquis of Huntly. 
 From the original. 
 
 "Cupid and Psyche," by David, for which James Gallatin (set. 
 16) posed as Cupid 64 
 
 Caspar Gallatin 92 
 
 Friend of Henri IV. 
 
 Madame Patterson Bonaparte (three views) 144 
 
 From a painting by Gilbert Stuart. 
 
 Voltaire and Madame Denise 160 
 
 From the original drawing by Marquise de la Vilette, given to 
 Albert Gallatin at Ferney in 1778. 
 
 Albert Gallatin 200 
 
 Painted at Geneva in 1815, by Madame Meunier nee Romilly, 
 sister of the first Lord Romilly. It is meant to be symbolic of 
 the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, and is in the Library at 
 Geneva. 
 
 Mrs. James Gallatin (Josephine Marie Henriette Gallatin, nee 
 Pascault) 248
 
 J J I 
 
 ^^£^ M. iyd^' 
 
 £-/^ rx^t^r-^ 
 
 
 /i^^,..-^ 
 
 
 <r^^.., .y^y ^^^-^ ™"- -/^ 
 
 .^^^L>if- 
 
 
 ij
 
 PAET I 
 
 FROM THE RUSSIAN OFFER OF MEDIATION TO THE 
 CONCLUSION OF THE TREATY OF GHENT 
 
 MARCH 1813— JANUARY 1815 
 
 MARCH 12, 1813 
 
 The Russian Minister Count Dashkoff offered mediation, 
 
 on the part of the Emperor Alexander, to the Secretary 
 
 of State. Father thinks this very important and of great 
 
 weight. 
 
 MARCH 14 
 
 The President has decided to send a Commission to Russia 
 without delay and has requested father to go. He 
 feels that it is his duty. Father rarely talks to anybody 
 now, his mind seems fully occupied with the grave situa- 
 tion. I think I am the only person he confides in. He 
 has decided to take me with him as his Private Secretary. 
 
 MARCH 17 
 
 Mr. Madison* told father to-day that there was nobody 
 compared to him as a negotiator. It has pleased him 
 greatly. Mr. Bayardf and J. Q. Adams, our Minister at 
 St. Petersburg, form the Commission. 
 
 APRIL 21 
 
 We sail on May 9. 
 
 * James Madison, President of the United States for two terms from 
 1809 until 1817. 
 
 t James Ashton Bayard, American Statesman, bom 1767, died 
 1815. 
 
 1
 
 1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Extract from ALBERT GALLATIN'S letter of May 5 to Ms 
 BROTHER-IN-LAW 
 
 " I have made up my mind that I could in no other manner 
 be more usefully employed for the present than on the 
 negotiation of a peace. Peace is at all times desirable. 
 England must be desirous at this critical moment to have 
 it in her power to apply her whole force on the continent 
 of Europe, and the mediation of Russia saves her pride." 
 
 Diary resumed: 
 
 MAY 9, 1813 
 
 We sailed to-day from Newcastle — a ship called the 
 
 Neptune, 300 tons — Captain Lloyd Jones, J. A. Bayard, 
 
 G. H. Dallas, George Milligan, John Todd, father, and 
 
 myself. 
 
 MAY 10 
 
 Head-winds. I am a bad sailor. I share father's cabin. 
 He comes in now and then and looks at me gravely. He 
 says he has no time to think of being sick. 
 
 MAY 11 
 
 A British frigate at anchor; she sent a boat with a 
 lieutenant and the captain's compliments to father 
 saying that he would be pleased to see him on board. 
 Of course he declined, but sent Dallas and Milligan to 
 present his compliments. Captain Jones also took 
 Admiral Warren's passport to have it endorsed. The 
 frigate is the Spartan — her Captain's name is Braynton. 
 
 JUNE 20: GOTTENBURG 
 
 We anchored in the quara^ntine grounds this morning. 
 It being Sunday we only got our permission from Gotten- 
 burg to land in the evening. I was only too glad to 
 jump into a boat and go on shore after having been more 
 than forty days at sea. We were only allowed on the
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1813 
 
 quarantine island. Wild roses in profusion. The island 
 is only a barren rock. Returned on board at 10.30. 
 
 JUNE 21 
 
 We hired two boats to take us to Gottenburg. We landed 
 five miles from Gottenburg as the current was so strong. 
 We fortunately found carriages to take us to the town. 
 While we waited for them we went into some of the houses; 
 they are very dirty, horrible smells. All the women are 
 ugly and blow their noses on their aprons. Such apologies 
 for carriages — simply open carts, four of them, each 
 drawn by half-starved ponies; wooden springs to the 
 carts. The River Gotha full of shipping. We stopped 
 at the house of a Mr. Dixon a nice Scotsman who had 
 been American Consul. Several Americans came to see 
 father. 
 
 JUNE 22 
 
 Returned to our ship after breakfast — sailed in the 
 evening. . . . Father found a courier going to England 
 and entrusted him with a letter to Alexander Baring 
 which I copied for him.* 
 
 JUNE 25: COPENHAGEN 
 
 We landed this morning. Went to Bachalan's Hotel. 
 Father let me go to see all the sights and afterwards 
 questioned me by way of teaching me history. 
 
 JULY 1 
 
 We went on board this morning. South-east wind, 
 which delays us greatly. Father called me on deck; 
 pointed out where Lord Nelson fought his battle in 1801. 
 He says all the fortifications are new. It was bom- 
 barded in September 1807. Most of the houses destroyed 
 and over two thousand killed. There seem to be 
 
 * For the correspondence between Alexander Baring and Albert Gallatin 
 aee Appendix I, 
 
 3
 
 1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 batteries everywhere now and the population is armed. 
 The King lives most simply. The Ministers have merely 
 nominal salaries. Father says he cannot understand 
 England and Russia's conduct toward Norway. It has 
 thrown the nation into the hands of the French against 
 their will. Great poverty and distress and much dis- 
 content. The people struck me as most civil; they 
 looked weary and oppressed, but are very sober. 
 
 JULY 3 
 
 Always head-winds. I do hope we will finish this voyage 
 soon, it is so monotonous. Father wishes me to do a 
 certain amount of work every day. I feel it is good for 
 me and it certainly makes the time pass more rapidly. 
 
 JULY 8 
 
 Lovely weather but still head-winds. Just called on 
 deck to see the coast of Courland. All on board are 
 getting very weary and impatient to land. Father 
 always keeps his serene temper. 
 
 JULY 12 
 
 Entered Gulf of Finland. We will soon be at the end 
 of our voyage. 
 
 JULY 21: ST. PETERSBURG 
 
 After a tedious journey with little to interest one we 
 arrived at St. Petersburg. It is very beautiful. Weather 
 very warm. 
 
 JULY 23 
 
 Have been sight-seeing all day. St. Petersburg is very 
 fine — great width of the streets and fine palaces. In 
 the evenings father tells me much of Russian history. 
 Mr. Adams* very civil but has a disagreeable manner. 
 He is from New England, a "Yankee." 
 
 * John Quincy Adams — 1767, died 1848, son of John Adams, second 
 President of the United States. 
 
 4
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1813 
 
 JULY 25 
 
 Father is much disappointed that no steps have been 
 taken by England beyond a note discouraging arbitration 
 altogether. He fears the English Government resent 
 the offer of Russian mediation and that the President 
 was a little hasty in sending the mission. 
 The Emperor is not at St. Petersburg but .with his 
 army fighting Napoleon. He left Count Romanzoff in 
 charge of foreign affairs and has taken Count Nesselrode 
 with him. This father greatly regrets, as Count N. 
 has great influence with the Emperor and thinks it to 
 the interest of Russia to remain in close friendship with 
 England. Count Romanzoff, on the contrary, was the 
 instigator of the offer of mediation on the part of Russia, 
 as he disapproves of the overpowering dominion of 
 England on the sea. . . . 
 
 JULY 29 
 
 Our position is a very embarrassing one. We plainly see 
 we are not wanted. Romanzoff is pressing the Emperor 
 to renew his offer of mediation to England. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 6 
 
 Such weary waiting, and all seems so hopeless. My 
 father's wonderful calm and patience surprise one and 
 all. I, of course, being so young, find plenty of amuse- 
 ment here; all is so new to me. To-day, after all corre- 
 spondence was terminated, father began to talk to me. 
 He warned me as to my future life — that is, if I decided 
 to remain in America — never, above all things, to forget 
 my birth and the duties that birth brings — never to do 
 anything to dishonour a name which for centuries had 
 never borne a stain — always to remember that true 
 nobility was simplicity — always to be civil, particularly 
 to those who were not my equal — to guard against the 
 horde of adventurers who were certain to swarm to 
 America — that the country was so vast that the hidden 
 
 5
 
 IS 13] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 wealth in minerals, &c. &c., must be enormous — adven- 
 turers would come with the lust of gold — men without 
 scruples or conscience or education — that there would 
 be terrible corruption — never to mix myself with any 
 man who did not carry on his business or speculations 
 in an honest manner — far better to die poor and honoured 
 than to sully my name — that the country would suffer 
 for years from corruption — immense fortunes would be 
 made and lost and men of evil repute would, on account 
 of the power of their money, keep corruption and dis- 
 honesty afloat. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 9 
 
 I never saw people drink as the Russians do — a long 
 hnffet covered with bottles and glasses and caviare. 
 They drink seven or eight glasses of vodka (fire water) 
 before going into dinner. I have never touched spirits 
 of any kind. After dinner the young men are all drunk 
 and disgusting. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 11 
 
 Yesterday the Emperor's answer was communicated to 
 father and the other envoys. He authorizes Romanzoff 
 to renew offer of mediation to England, but to send it 
 direct to London. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 24 
 
 Count Romanzoff summoned the envoys and read to 
 them the dispatches renewing the offer. Father suggested 
 two or three alterations and they were made. I seem to 
 be writing all day — my head is in a whirl, but I suppose 
 it is a good training for me. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 2 
 
 Father has written a long letter to-day to General Moreau.* 
 
 We do our best to amuse ourselves here but it is very 
 
 * Jean Victor Moreau, born at Morlaix, Brittany, 1763, killed in 
 battle under the walls of Dresden. He was one of the most illustrious 
 Generals during the Revolution. Arrested by the Order of Bonaparte, 
 
 6
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1813 
 
 weary work, the uncertainty is so great. Under all this 
 strain father is always calm and shows no signs of 
 anxiety. . . . 
 
 SEPTEMBER 12 
 
 To-day Count Romanzoff officially recognized father as 
 
 envoy from America. . . . 
 
 GENERAL MOREAU to ALBERT GALLATIN * 
 
 August 21, 1813 
 MoN CHER Monsieur Gallatin, 
 
 Me voila de nouveau a I'armee, pret a combattre 
 Bonaparte et le faisant, je vous I'assure, sans la moindre 
 repugnance, bien convaincu que si dans ma petite capacite 
 je puis contribuer a sa chute, je recevrai aussi ma part de 
 remerciements de la France et du monde entier: peu 
 importe la banniere quand on reussit. Si Robespierre 
 avait ete tue par les Royalistes, les Republicains les en 
 auraient remercie 24 heures apres. 
 
 J'ai appris avec bien du chagrin que votre mission 
 n'aurait pas le resultat que nous etions tons promis, 
 malgre la puissante mediation de S.M. Imperiale. Les 
 Anglais ne veulent pas traiter de leurs droits maritimes 
 sous aucune mediation. Voila ce que me dit un de 
 leurs ministres en Allemagne. 
 
 Quoique je n'ai pas I'honneur d'etre Americain je 
 m'interesse bien sincerement au sort d'un pays oii j'ai 
 
 tried for high treason, found guilty and sentenced to exile. He went 
 to the United States of America in 1804 and remained there until 1813. 
 He joined the army of the Emperor Alexander, and fought against 
 Napoleon. 
 
 * Translation of Letter of General Moreau to Albert Gallatin 
 My dear Mr. Gallatin, 
 
 Here I am back with the army, ready to fight Napoleon, and 
 that, believe me, without the smallest compunction. For I am 
 convinced that if the little I can do in my position contributes to his 
 downfall, I also shall get my share of thanks from France and the 
 whole world. Succeed and it matters little under what flag one fights. 
 
 7
 
 1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 reste si longtemps et ou j'ai re^u tant de marques d'amitie. 
 Je ne suis pas aveugle sur la position actuelle de ee pays, 
 mais j'aurai toujours de la partialite pour lui. Je 
 m'interesserai toujours a son bonheur et a son succes. 
 
 Le refus du gouvernement anglais doit vous mettre 
 dans une situation tres-desagreable. 
 
 Je vois d'ici les Federalistes exageres rire des maux 
 de leur pays par I'espoir de voir le triomphe de leur 
 parti, et les exageres du parti contraire en profiter eontre 
 vous et le President; car il ne faut pas vous en flatter, 
 quelque mecontentement que le refus des Anglais de 
 traiter en Russie puisse occasionner la guerre ne sera pas 
 nationale; il y'a trop d'egoisme; trop de richesse dans 
 toutes les classes, et pas assez d'argent dans les caisses 
 de I'etat, pour qu'on puisse esperer un mouvement assez 
 vigoureux de la nation qui la mette dans une attitude 
 imposante. 
 
 Les Anglais veulent, dit-on, traiter de la paix sans 
 mediation. Je le crois, mais il est a craindre que la 
 
 If it had been the Roy&lists who slew Robespierre, the Republicans 
 would have thanked them twenty-four hours after. 
 
 I was indeed sorry to hear that in spite of the powerful intervention 
 of his Imperial Majesty your mission would not meet with the success 
 that we anticipated. As one of the English ministers in Germany said 
 to me, "The English will not admit of any mediation when their 
 rights at sea arc under discussion." 
 
 I have not the honour to be an American, but I am deeply inter- 
 ested in the fate of a country where I have stayed so long and where 
 I have received so many marks of kindness. I am far from being 
 blind to the present position of your country, but I shall always have 
 an interest in her welfare and success. 
 
 The refusal of the English Government must place you in a very 
 disagreeable position. I can imagine the extreme Federals laughing 
 at disasters to their country in the hope of a party triumph; while 
 1 can see the Extremists on the other side making capital out of them 
 to discredit you and the President. There is no use in deceiving 
 yourself; America may be irritated by the English refusal to treat 
 under the mediation of Russia, but the war will never be a national 
 war. There is too much selfishness in every class, too much private 
 money at stake, and too little in the public Exchequer to permit of 
 
 8
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1813 
 
 vanite americaine n'accede pas sur-le-champ a cette 
 fa^on de faire, et que les malheurs de cette guerre con- 
 tinuent encore quelque temps. S'il n'y a pas de com- 
 motion interieure, ce ne sera qu'une perte d'argent, et 
 la duree de la guerre aura pour les Anglais un grand 
 desavantage, celui de vous apprendre de vous passer d'eux. 
 
 Le pire sera I'avantage que vos enemis particuliers 
 et ceux du President en tireront pour vous nuire, vous 
 accuser de precipitation dans I'envoi de ministres avant 
 de vous etre assures de I'accession de I'Angleterre. II 
 est beau de commettre de pareilles erreurs. L'empresse- 
 ment de faire cesser les maux de la guerre pent eprouver 
 la censure de la politique, mais certes il meritera, a celui 
 qui la montre, I'approbation des amis de I'humanite. 
 
 Je desirais bien recevoir de vos nouvelles avant votre 
 
 any hopes of a national movement strong enough to give to the country 
 a commanding attitude. 
 
 "But England they say wants peace without mediation." I think 
 so too, but it is to be feared that American pride may prevent an 
 immediate acceptance of the English proviso, and that the miseries of 
 this war may continue for some time longer. If the feeling of the 
 country is not aroused it will be but a waste of money, while England 
 will also be a loser, for the length of the war will teach you to do 
 without her. 
 
 Worst of all will be the advantage that your own and the President's 
 personal enemies will gain of damaging you, of accusing you of hasty 
 action in despatching the mission before you had made certain of the 
 willingness of England to treat. It is fine to make such mistakes. 
 Though politicians may blame an eager determination to put an end 
 to this disastrous war, the determination deserves, as all who support 
 it deserve, the cordial approval of every friend of humanity. 
 
 I would be glad to have some of your news before your return to 
 America. His Imperial Majesty loads me with proofs of his friendship. 
 He is kindness itself, and the most honest man of my acquaintance. 
 He is keenly interested in America, and I am sure that you may 
 always count on his readiness to use all his influence to bring about 
 peace. If I can be of any assistance either to yourself personally or 
 to your mission, pray make use of me, and in the meantime believe 
 me with kind regards. 
 
 Your most humble and obedient servant. Moreau.
 
 1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 retour en Amerique. S.M. Imperiale, rhompie le plus 
 liumain et le plus honnete que je eonnaisse, me comble 
 d'amitie. II s'interesse aux Americains et sera toujours 
 pret, j'en suis sur, a user de toute son influence pour leur 
 procurer la paix. Si je pouvais vous etre bon a quelque 
 chose ou pour votre mission ou pour vous-meme veuillez 
 disposer de moi et croire aux sentiments de la considera- 
 tion la plus distinguee avec laquelle je suis votre tres- 
 humble et tres-obeissant serviteur. 
 
 MOREAU, 
 
 Au Quartier-General Imperial, Hrushova, 21 Aout, 1813. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 15: WEDNESDAY 
 
 No answer from England. Father greatly distressed at 
 the death of General Moreau. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 20 
 
 Nothing doing re mediation; we have to wait patiently 
 for answ^er. Father thinks nothing can be done in Russia 
 and is anxious to go to England. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 25 
 
 We amuse ourselves as best we can. It is not the season 
 here. St. Petersburg deserted, hot with wind and dust. 
 I go to the theatre and occasionally dine out. . . . 
 
 OCTOBER 19 
 
 A thunderclap to-day. Letters from Washington; one 
 announcing officially that the Senate had rejected father's 
 nomination as head of the Commission by one vote. . . . 
 
 THE SECRETARY OF STATE to the AMERICAN 
 COMMISSIONERS 
 
 Department of State, 
 
 Augmt 5, 1813 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I am very sorry to be under the necessity of com- 
 municating to you an event of which there was no antic- 
 ipation when you left the United States. 
 
 10
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1813 
 
 The event to which I allude is the rejection by the 
 Senate of the nomination of Mr. Gallatin on the idea 
 that his mission to Russia was incompatible with the 
 office of Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 After the appointment of Mr. Jay, when Chief Justice 
 of the United States, by President Washington, and of 
 Mr. Ellsworth, when holding the same office, by President 
 Adams, by which a member of a separate branch of the 
 Government was brought into an office under the Execu- 
 tive, and after the sanction given in practice as well as 
 by law to the appointment of persons during the absence 
 of a head of a department to perform its duties, it was 
 presumed that there would not be any serious or sub- 
 stantial objection to the employment in a similar service 
 of a member of the Administration itself. 
 
 Although this nomination was opposed in the Senate 
 as soon as it was acted on, yet it was not believed that 
 it would be rejected until the vote was taken. At an 
 early stage the President was called on by a resolution 
 of the Senate to state whether Mr. Gallatin, retained the 
 office of Secretary of the Treasury, and, in case he did,^ 
 who performed the duties of that department in his 
 absence. The President replied that the office of Secre- 
 tary was not vacated by Mr. Gallatin's appointment to 
 Russia, and that the Secretary of the Navy performed 
 its duties in his, Mr. Gallatin's, absence. After this 
 reply, which was given in conformity with the President's 
 own views of the subject, and with those of Mr. Gallatin 
 when he left the United States, it was impossible for the 
 President, without departing from his ideas of propriety 
 in both respects, to have removed Mr. Gallatin from 
 the Treasury to secure the confirmation of his nomination 
 to Russia. It would have been still more improper to 
 have taken that step after the rejection of the nomina- 
 tion. The President resolved, therefore, to leave the 
 mission on the footing on which it was placed by the 
 vote of the Senate by which the nomination of Mr. Adams 
 
 11
 
 1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 and Mr. Bayard was confirmed. Whatever has been 
 done jointly under the Commission, given to the three 
 Commissioners by the President when you left the 
 United States, in compliance with your instructions will 
 not be affected by this event. 
 
 OCTOBER 22 
 
 Father had an interview with Count Romanzoff to-day. 
 The latter begs him to remain in St. Petersburg but 
 he thinks he ought, perhaps, to return at once to the 
 Treasury. He feels now that he can act as he chooses as 
 he is free. Plis political enemies are gaining power. He 
 is strongly impressed with the idea that he ought to 
 resume the negotiations. . . . 
 
 OCTOBER 24 
 
 After a stormy interview with Mr. Adams (Adams was 
 the storm) father has decided to take his own course. 
 He is sending Mr. Dallas to London to see Lord Castle- 
 reagh, Count Lieven* and Mr. Baring, with the object of 
 being in direct communication with them. . . . 
 
 OCTOBER 26 
 
 Father thinks of going himself to England or to go direct 
 to the Emperor's headquarters. Count Romanzoff spoke 
 to father a few days since about a Count Joseph Galati, 
 a major-general in the Russian army. He wanted an 
 introduction. He is going to call to-morrow, as he is 
 only passing through St. Petersburg on his way to join 
 the Emperor. . . . 
 
 OCTOBER 27 
 
 Count Galati called this afternoon. He says he is a 
 branch of our family; that his family were from Savi- 
 gliano in the Piedmont; that his father was intimate with 
 Count Paul Michael de Gallatin, Councillor of State of 
 
 * Count Lieven, afterwards Prince Lieven, Russian Ambassador at 
 the Court of St. James. 
 
 12
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 the Republic of Geneva, who acknowledged relationship. 
 He was very charming, and father does not doubt the 
 relationship. Count Paul JVIichael was the head of our 
 family and my father was his ward. Count Galati is a 
 great person in Russia. He was in full uniform, covered 
 with orders and stars. He kindly explained them to me. 
 He has the following orders: the Military Orders of 
 St. George and St. Vladimir of Russia, St. Maurice and 
 St. Lazare of Sardinia, and the Sovereign Order of 
 St. Jean of Jerusalem. He so deeply regrets he is leaving 
 to morrow as he wishes us to go to his country house. . . . 
 
 OCTOBER 28 
 
 Lord Walpole has arrived. Father is greatly annoyed 
 
 at his openly talking of Count Romanzoff's "intrigues." 
 
 OCTOBER 30 
 
 Count Romanzoff has just sent father a note informing 
 him that he intended retiring from office but that he will 
 remain Chancellor until he has closed the affairs of the 
 mission. 
 
 DECEMBER 1 
 
 It seems all the trouble has been made by the Emperor 
 forgetting to communicate a most important note to 
 Count R., which put him in a false position. So after all 
 Lord Castlereagh was not to blame 
 
 JANUARY 12, 1814 
 
 Father has decided to leave St. Petersburg as there is not 
 
 a word from the Emperor. . . . 
 
 JANUARY 26 
 
 We leave to-day. Mr. Bayard accompanies us. 
 
 MARCH 5: AMSTERDAM 
 
 After a terrible, cold, and weary journey we arrived here 
 last night. . . . 
 
 13
 
 1814J DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 MARCH 6 
 
 We learnt with great pleasure to-day that Lord Castle- 
 reagh's offer of direct negotiations has been met by the 
 President by the appointment of a new Commission. 
 Father's name was omitted. It seems the President 
 thinks he is on his way baqk to take up the Treasury. . . . 
 
 MARCH 20 
 
 The President has discovered the mistake and appointed 
 
 Father as one of the Commission. . . . 
 
 MARCH 22 
 
 Father received to-day the necessary permission from 
 Mr. Baring to visit England. We are leaving imme- 
 diately. . . . 
 
 APRIL 9: LONDON 
 Arrived here to-day. 
 
 APRIL 11 
 
 Father wants to change the place for the negotiations. 
 He thinks London would be far better. He would then 
 be in direct touch with Lord Castlereagh. We are now 
 comfortably settled in apartments in Seymour Street. 
 I find London very dull in comparison to Paris and St. 
 Petersburg. Our position is not a very pleasant one; we 
 have many invitations, and I think all mean to be civil 
 and kind, but there is always a feeling of constraint. . . . 
 The only house where we seem to be really welcome 
 is Mr. Baring's. 
 
 APRIL 13 
 
 Father sees a great deal of his old friend Monsieur 
 Dumont.* He brought Jeremy Benthamf to introduce 
 him to-day. We dine with Monsieur D. to-morrow. . . . 
 
 * Andre Dumont, politician, born 1764, died 1836. Banished by 
 Louis XVIII in 1816 under the law against regicides. 
 
 t Jeremy Bentham, born 1748, died 1832, a poUtical and philo- 
 sophical writer. 
 
 14
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 APRIL 14 
 
 . . . Dined with Lord Bathurst, stiff and formal. . . . 
 
 APRIL 15 
 
 Oh! the horrors of Sunday in London. It is indeed a 
 day of rest. 
 
 Englishwomen are not pretty;' they are either coarse 
 or very delicate. Complexions fine but too red. Dress 
 so very badly — no taste. ... 
 
 APRIL 17 
 
 I have been nearly every day to the British Museum. 
 Father wanted many works consulted and notes 
 taken. . . . 
 
 I looked up Barthelemy de Gallatin.* He was Colonel of 
 the Mounted Grenadiers. He died in 1786 and is buried 
 at Brompton near his country house. I found his name, 
 &c. &c., in an old Army list. He left two daughters. . . . 
 
 APRIL 18 
 
 I have seen the Prince Regent walking in the Mall. 
 He is handsome. The Queen I have seen several times. 
 She keeps great state. . . . 
 
 The follovoing letters of Albert Gallatin to W. H. Crawford and Gen- 
 eral Lafayette are of interest in connection with the negotiations as show- 
 ing the diplomatic difficulties with which the mission had to contend. 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to W. H. CRAWFORDf 
 
 London, April 21, 1814 
 My dear Sir, 
 
 Mr. Bayard and myself left St. Petersburg on 
 January 25, remained four weeks at Amsterdam, and 
 arrived here on the 9th inst. I could not write to you 
 sooner, there having been no communication with Paris 
 
 * Barthelemy de Gallatin, Lieut.-Colonel Second Troop of Horse 
 Grenadier Guards, 7th April, 1759. (From the mihtary register for 
 the year 1770.) 
 
 t William H. Crawford, Secretary of War in the United States. 
 
 15
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 from Holland, and Mr. Poletica, who is the bearer of this, 
 having oifered the first safe opportunity for a confidential 
 letter. 
 
 Messrs. Clay and Russell, who are jointly with Messrs. 
 Adams and Bayard appointed to open a direct negotia- 
 tion for peace with Great Britain, arrived at Gottenburg 
 on the 12th inst., after a passage of forty-six days; but 
 as they had not reached the town when the last packet 
 sailed, we have not yet received any letter from them, 
 or any American news brought by the vessel in which 
 they came. 
 
 There is a newspaper report of Norfolk, under date of 
 February 12, stating that G. W. Campbell was made 
 Secretary of the Treasury, Rush Attorney-General, and 
 that I had been nominated fifth Commissioner to treat 
 of peace with England. My stay in Europe will, of 
 course, depend on the oflScial account which Messrs. Clay 
 and Russell will have brought. You are sufficiently aware 
 of the critical situation in which the restoration of a 
 general European peace has placed our affairs. The 
 numerous English forces in France, Italy, Holland, and 
 Portugal ready for immediate service, and for which 
 there is no further employment in Europe, afford to this 
 Government the means of sending both to Canada and 
 to the United States a very formidable army, which 
 we are not prepared to meet with any regular, well- 
 organized force; and they will also turn against us as 
 much of their superabundant Naval forces as they may 
 think adequate to any object they may have in view. 
 In the prosecution of the war the Ministry would be 
 supported by the general voice of the nation. In the 
 intoxication of an unexpected success, which they ascribe 
 to themselves, the English people eagerly wish that their 
 pride may be fully gratified by what they call the " punish- 
 ment of America." They do not even suspect that we 
 had any just cause of war, and ascribe it solely to a 
 premeditated concert with Bonaparte at a time when 
 
 16
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 we thought him triumphant and their cause desperate. 
 That such opinions should be almost universally enter- 
 tained here by the great body of the people is not at all 
 astonishing. To produce such an effect, and thereby 
 render the American war popular, the Ministerial powers 
 have had nothing more to do than to transcribe American 
 Federal speeches and newspapers. If Pickering, Quincy, 
 Strong, Hanson, &c., have not brought a majority of the 
 American people to their side, they have at least fully 
 succeeded here, and had no difficulty in convincing all 
 that part of the English community which derives its 
 information from political journals that we had no cause 
 of complaint, and acted only as allies of Bonaparte. I 
 understand that the members of the Cabinet do not 
 participate in that opinion, but it will certainly require 
 an effort on their part against popular feeling to make 
 peace with America. It must be added that even there 
 (in the Cabinet) a belief is said to be entertained that a 
 continuance of the war would produce a separation of 
 the Union, and perhaps a return of the New England 
 States to the Mother Country. The multitude of persons 
 in the Army or Navy, or connected with the war, attached 
 to the governing party, and whom peace will throw out 
 of employment, will also press on Government; and 
 although it is probable that the immense military and 
 naval establishments of this country will be so far reduced 
 as to enable Government to dispense with the most 
 unpopular war taxes, a prosecution of the war against 
 the United States would afford a convenient pretence for 
 preserving a much more considerable standing force 
 than is necessary and would otherwise be allowed by 
 Parliament. It may, on the whole, be reasonably inferred 
 that the Ministers will be neither disposed to make the 
 least concession — for doing us justice on any point would 
 receive that name — in order to obtain peace, nor at aU 
 displeased in case of failure of the negotiations. 
 
 The only external check to those dispositions can be 
 
 17
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 found in the friendly interposition of the Emperor 
 Alexander, not as a mediator but as a common friend, 
 pressing on this Government the propriety of an accom- 
 modation, and expressing his strong wishes for a general 
 restoration of peace to the civilized world. I do not 
 know whether your situation affords you means of 
 approaching him, and can only state my opinion of the 
 great importance that an early opportunity should be 
 taken by you, or any other person you may think fitted 
 for the object, to call his attention to the situation in 
 which we are left, and to the great weight which his 
 opinion in favour of peace on liberal conditions, strongly 
 expressed to this Government, must necessarily have at 
 this time. Of his friendly disposition for the United 
 States there is no doubt; but we may be forgotten; 
 and it is necessary that he should be apprised of the 
 hostile spirit which prevails here, and which, if not 
 balanced by some other cause, may even carry Ministers 
 beyond their own wishes and views. It should also 
 be stated that our Government, having accepted one 
 year ago the Emperor's mediation, and not having sup- 
 posed that, considering the political connection between 
 him and Great Britain, she could reject that offer, no 
 other provision was made on our part to obtain peace 
 until our Government was apprised in January last of 
 the rejection of the mediation by England. Thus w^as a 
 delay of a year produced, and the opening of our negotia- 
 tions unfortunately prevented till after England is at 
 peace with the rest of the world; a circumstance which, 
 although it does not give us a positive right to claim 
 the Emperor's interference, affords sufficient ground to 
 present the subject to his consideration. I entreat you 
 to lose no time in taking such steps as may be in your 
 power in that respect, and to write to me whatever you 
 may think important for the success of the mission 
 should be known to us. The only modes of safe convey- 
 ance which I would recommend would be private American 
 
 18
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 opportunities, or through the channel of the Russian 
 Secretary of State, or of Mr. Poletica, directing to me 
 under cover of " Count Lieven, Ambassador Extraordinary 
 of H.LM. the Emperor of all the Russias, London." 
 
 I send General la Fayette's patents, which were erro- 
 neously put in my hands instead of yours, and which 
 I have had no previous safe opportunity to transmit. 
 My last letters from my family were dated January 23, 
 when they were all well; but I have none of a late date 
 from Government or from any of its members. 
 
 I am, my dear sir, with great respect and sincere 
 attachment, truly yours. 
 
 Albert Gallatin. 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to GENERAL LAFAYETTE 
 
 London, April 21, 1814 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I regret that your patents should be put in my hands 
 instead of being entrusted to Mr, Crawford, as no safe 
 opportunity has as yet offered itself for their conveyance. 
 
 I had the pleasure of seeing very often your friend 
 Tracy at St. Petersburg, and left him there in good health 
 on January 25. 
 
 I believe that I am not mistaken in offering you my 
 congratulations on the late events in France. It would 
 certainly have been desirable that the changes should 
 have been produced by the spontaneous will of the French 
 people rather than to appear to have been forced by a 
 foreign army. But if such was to be the mode, you 
 are most singularly fortunate that the Emperor Alexander 
 should have been the agent. With respect to the result 
 itself, I think that every friend of rational liberty and of 
 humanity must rejoice at the overthrow of the detestable 
 tyranny under which you and a great part of Europe 
 groaned, and in the hope that you have at last laid the 
 foundations of institutions probably as free and liberal 
 as you are susceptible of. My attachment to the form 
 
 19
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 of government under which I was born and have ever 
 lived never made me desirous that it should, by way of 
 experiment, be applied to countries which might be better 
 fitted for a limited monarchy. And if this be that which 
 suits you best, I think the ancient dynasty in every 
 respect preferable to a new one. Unfortunately, whilst 
 the greater part of the civilized world rejoices at the 
 restoration of a general peace, the United States alone 
 remain at war, and are placed in a more critical situation 
 than ever they were since the first years of their revolu- 
 tion. Pride, avarice, and ambition will throw here great 
 obstacles to an accommodation for which there has ever 
 been, on our part, the most sincere disposition. I write 
 to you well knowing your unalterable attachment for 
 America, and that, if in your power, you will lend your 
 assistance in promoting that result. 
 
 Albert Gallatin. 
 Diary resumed : 
 
 APRIL 23 
 
 Father very busy. He has been in close conference with 
 Lords Castlereagh, Liverpool, and Bathurst. There is 
 much to be discussed. . . . 
 
 APRIL 26 
 
 Still waiting to hear when the English Commission think 
 of starting for Ghent. Father would have much preferred 
 carrying out the negotiation in London, but our other 
 Commissioners refused point-blank; they were either 
 afraid or too proud to come to England. Of course they 
 look upon father as a foreigner. This has annoyed him 
 very much. He will, I fear, have a very tough time of it 
 in keeping his colleagues in unison, although, by the 
 accident of his being appointed last on the Commission, 
 he is practically the head of it. This position all the 
 Commissioners acknowledge with the exception of Mr. 
 Adams, who is a firebrand. . . . 
 
 20
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 Father is annoyed at the attitude taken by Messrs. 
 Adams and Clay.* They both have written to him in the 
 same strain refusing to consent to the delegates sitting in 
 London. The reason they both give is that thej^ are 
 plain Americans and that in England they would only be 
 snubbed and treated as colonists, adding: "You are a for- 
 eigner, which places you on an entirely different footing." 
 
 IVIAY 2 
 
 We dined with Lord Liverpool on Saturday. Nothing 
 
 new. 
 
 MAY 12 
 
 I have just written a letter to Mr. Monroe f at father's 
 dictation. He fears that England is determined to 
 isolate the United States and cut her off from the Baltic 
 Powers. This has made him more keen than ever. We 
 remain here until we hear from the Commissioners at 
 Gottenburg, but are ready to leave the moment he hears 
 the English Commissioners are on their way to Ghent. 
 
 MAY 22 
 
 Father is doing his utmost to obtain the mediation of the 
 Emperor Alexander. The latter he hears is coming to 
 England. He is using all the influence in his power to 
 have a personal interview. . . . 
 
 Letter from Gen. Lafayette to Mr. Crawford, giving an account of an inter- 
 view with the Emperor Alexander and shoiving the latter's inclination to 
 promote peace. 
 
 May 2G, 1814 
 
 My dear Sir, 
 
 I passed the last evening in company with the 
 Emperor Alexander, who, however prepossessed in his 
 favour I may have been, has surpassed my expectations. 
 
 * Henry Clay, Orator and Statesman, born in Virginia, U.S.A., 1777, 
 died 1852. Speaker in 1808 in United States Senate. 
 
 t James Monroe, Secretary of State, November, 1811, to February, 
 1815. Pieeident of the United States, 1817-1825. 
 
 21
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 He really is a great, good, sensible, noble-minded man, 
 and a sincere friend to the cause of liberty. We have 
 long conversed upon American affairs. It began with 
 his telling me that he had read with much pleasure and 
 interest what I had sent him. I found ideas had been 
 suggested that had excited a fear that the people of the 
 United States had not properly improved their internal 
 situation. My answer was an observation upon the 
 necessity of parties in a Commonwealth, and the assertion 
 that these were the happiest and freest people upon 
 earth. The transactions with France and England were 
 explained in the way that, although the United States 
 had to complain of both, the British outrages came nearer 
 home, particularl}' in the affair of impressments. He 
 spoke of the actual preparation and the hostile dis- 
 positions of England. 
 
 I, of course, insisted on the importance of his mediation, 
 the confidence reposed in him by the United States, who 
 hastened to send Commissioners chosen from both parties, 
 and which he very kindly acknowledged. He said he had 
 twice attempted to bring on a peace. "Do, sir," said I, 
 "make a third attempt; it must succeed; ne vous arretez 
 pas en si beau chemin. All the objects of a war at an 
 end, the re-establishment of their old limits can be 
 less opposed, as the Americans have gained more than 
 they have lost. A protraction of the war would betray 
 intentions quite perverse and hostile to the cause of 
 humanit}'. Your personal influence must carry the 
 point. I am sure your Majesty will exert it." "Will," 
 says he, "I promise you I will. My journey to London 
 affords opportunities, and I will do the best I can." I 
 told him I had received a letter from Mr. Gallatin now 
 in London, and we spoke of him, ]\Ir. Adams, Mr. Bayard, 
 and the tw^o new Commissioners. I had also other occa- 
 sions to speak of America — one afforded me by the 
 Swedish iNIarshal Stadinck, who mentioned my first going 
 over to that country; another by a well-intentioned
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 observation of Madame de Stael that she had received a 
 letter from my friend Mr. Jefi'erson, of whom she spoke 
 with great regard. This led to observations relative to 
 the United States and the spirit of monopoly in England, 
 extending even to liberty itself. The Emperor said, they 
 had been more liberal in Sicily than I supposed them. 
 I did not deny it, but expressed my fears of their pro- 
 tecting Ferdinand against the Cortes. His sentiments on 
 the Spanish affairs were noble and patriotic. The slave- 
 trade became a topic upon which he spoke with philan- 
 thropic warmth. Its abolition will be an article in the 
 general peace. You see, my dear sir, I had fully the 
 opportunity we were wishing for. If it has not been 
 well improved, the fault is mine. But I think some good 
 has been done. And upon the promise so candid and 
 generous I have full dependence. If you think proper to 
 communicate these details to Mr. Gallatin, be pleased to 
 have them copied. He spoke very well of him, and 
 seemed satisfied with the confidence of the United States 
 and the choice of their representatives to him. By his 
 last accounts Mr. Adams was at St. Petersburg. 
 
 The particulars of this conversation ought not, of 
 course, to be published; but you will probably think it 
 useful to communicate to the Commissioners. . . . 
 
 JUNE 2 
 
 The Emperor is expected in London next week. The 
 European Treaty of Peace has been signed. He comes 
 as the guest of England. This will make it more difficult 
 for father, as the position will be a delicate one. Lord 
 Castlereagh arrives to-day or to-morrow. It seems that 
 the exclusion of all Maritime questions or any interference 
 re America was one of the conditions of the Chatellon 
 Conference. 
 
 JUNE 4 
 
 Father anxious — waiting to hear from General Lafayette. 
 I am just going to Eton to see the festivities. 
 
 23
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 JUNE 6 
 
 He received a letter from ]\I. Lafayette this morning, 
 from Paris. It gave him a brief resume of his interview 
 with the Emperor Alexander at Madame de Stael's. He 
 begs father if possible to remain in England to have a 
 personal interview with the Emperor, which he says the 
 Emperor promised to grant him — but that it must be of 
 a private nature. He also mentions that Baron Humboldt 
 has also approached his INIajesty — and adds that the 
 latter "puts himself at your disposal." 
 
 JUNE 10 
 
 The Emperor arrived to-day. He is lodged at Leicester 
 House, Leicester Fields. This is the palace that the 
 eldest daughter of James I occupied; she was known 
 as the "One-year Queen of Bohemia." Her daughter 
 was the Electress Sophia, mother of George I. . . . 
 
 JUNE 14 
 
 The Emperor's aide-de-camp called to-day. He said the 
 Emperor had sent him to say that on June 18 he would 
 receive us privately at 11.30. . . . 
 
 As it is a delicate matter there has not been any cor- 
 respondence on the subject. . . . 
 
 JUNE 18 
 
 As arranged, his Majesty received father this morning. 
 We went accompanied by Mr. Levitt Harris, a secretary 
 to the St. Petersburg Mission. Our minister offered the 
 loan of his coach. This father thought wise to refuse, 
 and hired a common hackney-coach so as to attract as 
 little attention as possible. The streets were crowded. 
 It is the day of the banquet given by the City of London 
 to the allied Sovereigns. Only father and myself were 
 admitted to his Majesty's presence. There were crowds 
 waiting for audiences. We were passed in at once. 
 
 24
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 Father was presented and then presented me; then all 
 withdrew except his Majesty. He is a splendid-looking 
 man, was in full uniform and covered with jewelled 
 orders and stars. He was most gracious, and said he 
 had the most friendly feeling toward the United States. 
 He added that he feared his intervention would be of 
 little use — that he had made three attempts since he had 
 been here, but that " England will not admit a third 
 party to interfere in her disputes with you." This he 
 said on account of our former Colonial relations, which 
 are not forgotten. He also expressed an opinion with 
 regard to the conditions of peace, saying: "The difficulty 
 will be with England." He also spoke of Madame de 
 Stael as a woman of "great brain and courage." He 
 congratulated father on being her cousin. Father 
 expressed his deep gratitude to his Majesty for granting 
 him an audience, and the gratitude of the United States 
 for the interest and friendship he had shown. As we 
 withdrew he patted me on the head and said, "You 
 are rather young to be in diplomacy." 
 I wore a suit of Chinese nankeen, white silk stockings, 
 high white choker, with a breast-pin of seed-pearls mother 
 gave me before I left home. They call my hair auburn — 
 I call it red. I am afraid I looked very young. 
 Poor Mr. Levitt Harris was furious at not being present, 
 but the Emperor's order was "Monsieur Gallatin et 
 son fits." 
 
 JUNE 19: LONDON, SUNDAY 
 
 Copied note which the Emperor gave father permission 
 to send. The latter does not think it will have any 
 effect. The illuminations last night were very fine — far 
 surpassing anything I have ever seen. Although father 
 is an "Envoy Extraordinary" here, his position is of 
 such a delicate nature that it is impossible for him to 
 accept any public invitations. 
 
 25
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 JUNE 20 
 
 Lord Castlereagh informed father that the English 
 Mission will start on July 1 for Ghent. . . . 
 
 JUNE 21 
 
 We leave to-morrow for Ghent by way of Paris, where we 
 will remain for a week if possible. . . . 
 
 JUNE 26: PARIS, SUNDAY 
 
 We arrived at five o'clock to-day. 
 
 JUNE 27 
 
 Father had a long visit from General de Lafayette, 
 accompanied by Baron Humboldt.* They were both 
 much pleased that he had had an interview with the 
 Emperor Alexander, but both agree with him that they 
 fear now Russian mediation will be of little use. . . . 
 
 JUNE 29 
 
 I saw the King to-day driving in state . . . went to 
 the Fraji^ais in the evening — Racine's Phedre very fine. 
 The King and other members of the Royal Family were 
 present. 
 
 JUNE 30 
 
 I went to Versailles to-day. What memories it awakens, 
 particularly the Petit Trianon ! I do not think there is 
 a palace in the world to equal Versailles. I shut my eyes 
 and conjured up Louis XIV and his Court with all its 
 splendours. I was accompanied by a son of the Due de la 
 Rochefoucauld D'Enville. He is most interesting, and 
 told me many quaint episodes of history. One which 
 impressed and amused me was that when the Electress 
 Sophia, "mother of George I," came on one occasion to 
 visit her sister, the Duchesse d'Orleans, on taking leave 
 of the Queen, etiquette required that she should only 
 raise the skirt of the Queen's robe and kiss it, being only 
 
 * Baron Humboldt, born 1707, died 1835. Statesman and Author. 
 
 2()
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 an electress. The Queen, to avoid her doing this, stepped 
 behind a chair, and the electress kissed the chair, 
 
 JULY 1 
 
 We leave to-morrow for Ghent by easy stages as father 
 
 is not feeling very well. . . . 
 
 JULY 7: GHENT, THURSDAY 
 
 We arrived here to-day and are lodged very comfortably 
 
 in the Hotel d'Alcantara, corner of the Rue des Champs. 
 
 Ghent looks clean and cheerful. The inhabitants speak 
 
 only Flemish. All seem employed in commerce. There 
 
 is an English garrison here; the uniforms make the 
 
 streets very bright. 
 
 They call private residences hotels in this country. The 
 
 house is large and all the delegates are to lodge here. 
 
 JULY 9 
 
 No news of the English Mission. 
 
 JULY 15 
 
 Nothing to do. Mr. Adams in a very bad temper. 
 Mr. Clay annoys him. Father pours oil on the troubled 
 waters. I am now reading a history of the Low Coun- 
 tries. . . . The women are so ugly here. . . . 
 We had waffles for breakfast — it reminded me of home. 
 It seems they are an old Dutch dish. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 7 
 
 At last ! The British Mission arrived this afternoon. 
 We heard they were coming and I actually saw them ar- 
 rive. They are lodged in a fine Carthusian monastery. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 8 
 
 To-day was the first meeting. The British Commissioners, 
 
 as a base of discussion re the treaty — demanded that the 
 
 Indian tribes should have the whole of the North- Western 
 
 Territory. 
 
 27
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 This comprises the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, and 
 Illinois — four-fifths of Indiana and the third of Ohio. 
 That an Indian sovereignty should be constituted under 
 the guarantee of Great Britain: this is to protect Canada. 
 Father mildly suggested that there were more than a 
 hundred thousand American citizens settled in these 
 States and territories. The answer was: "They must 
 look after themselves." Father is not impressed with 
 the British delegates. They are Lord Gambier, Henry 
 Goulburn,* and William Adams— men who have not 
 made any mark and have no influence or weight. He 
 attaches but little importance to them as they are but 
 the puppets of Lords Castlereagh and Liverpool. Father 
 feels he is quite capable of dealing with them. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 9 
 
 The other demands are of little importance. They 
 consist of Sackett's Harbour and Fort Niagara, so as to 
 have control of the lakes. But all this means the dis- 
 memberment of the United States. ... 
 Father drafted the rejection of the British "Sine qua non.'* 
 
 AUGUST 10 
 
 Father finds greater difficulty with his own colleagues. 
 The accident which placed him at the foot of the Com- 
 mission placed Mr. Adams at the head of it. Messrs. 
 Clay, Bayard, and Russell let Mr. Adams plainly know 
 that, though he might be the nominal mouthpiece, 
 Gallatin was their leader. Clay uses strong language to 
 Adams, and Adams returns the compliment. Father 
 looks calmly on with a twinkle in his eye. To-day there 
 was a severe storm, and father said, "Gentlemen, 
 gentlemen, we must remain united or we will fail. . . ," 
 
 ♦Henry Goulbum (1784-1856). Member for Horsham, 1808. 
 Under Secretary for Home Aflfairs, 1810. Under Secretary for War, 
 1812. Chancellor of the Exchequer to the Duke of Wellington, 1828. 
 Home Secretary, 1835. He was elected member for Cambridge 
 University in 1831.
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 AUGUSl 11 
 
 Mr. Adams insisted upon drafting the first dispatch 
 to-day and submitted to the others for a revision. Mr. 
 Bayard used it simply as a foundation for his own draft; 
 after quarrelling they referred to father. He put it into 
 shape, and after endless discussion all the Commissioners 
 ended by adopting it. After this father drafted all other 
 dispatches. He wishes all dispatches to be without any 
 offence to the feeling of the English delegates. 
 
 AUGUST 12 
 
 He fears negotiations will soon come to an end and has 
 but little hope; he does not think the British Govern- 
 ment wish to make peace or they would have sent more 
 powerful delegates. 
 
 AUGUST 20 
 
 To-day I copied a private note from him to Mr. Monroe: 
 "We will not remain here long, the position is untena- 
 ble; I am preparing for departure. Our negotiations 
 may be considered at an end. Great Britain wants 
 war in order to cripple us; she wants aggrandisement 
 at our expense. I do not expect to be longer than 
 three months in Europe." 
 
 Still lingering on and nothing arrived at. We are kept 
 in absolute ignorance of the cause of the delay. It is 
 most galling. It seems Mr. Goulburn does everything 
 to obstruct matters. This may be to gain time to receive 
 his orders from Lord Castlereagh. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 21 
 
 We all dine at the Intendant's to-day, the delegates of 
 both sides. 
 
 They always entertain here on Sunday — how different 
 from London ! It is the gayest day. The working people 
 have a cheerful holiday; in London they show joy by 
 getting drunk. . . . 
 
 29
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 AUGUST 22 
 
 Mr. Clay sat next to Mr. Goulburn; he told father 
 afterwards that he had decidedly made Goulburn 
 understand that we intended to await further instructions 
 from America. Mr. Bayard also had a long conversation 
 after dinner with Mr. Goulburn, but he said he made 
 no impression. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 23 
 
 Lord Castlereagh arrived here to-day on his way to Vienna. 
 
 AUGUST 24 
 
 He had a long conference with his delegates, after which 
 he saw father, and was most gracious. I was present. 
 He said he had written to Lord Liverpool. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 26 
 
 Father much fears that Mr. Adams will do harm. . . . 
 
 SEPTEMBER 3 
 
 Father is much annoyed with Mr. Goulburn. He 
 saw him to-day. The latter said: "I don't think you 
 have the slightest intention of making peace." Father 
 answered : " Surely you cannot mean this ! Why 
 should I have taken the long journey to Russia in 1813 
 and given up everything else in the one hope of making 
 peace t 
 
 SEPTEMBER 4 
 
 We have given notice to our landlord and intend leaving 
 on October 1. Father is quite convinced that Mr. 
 Goulburn has made some serious mistakes and that he 
 has been reprimanded. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 5 
 
 A note from Lord Bathurst: the pith of it is that it 
 would be more becoming on the part of the United States 
 
 30
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 to agree to surrender the Lakes to England and the 
 North-West Territory to the Indians. . . . 
 
 SEPTEMBER 9 
 
 Mr. Adams drafted a long reply to it, which he submitted 
 to father, who did not approve of it as it would only 
 add fuel to the fire. He wrote his own reply, and for a 
 wonder Mr. Adams approved of it. . . . 
 
 SEPTEMBER 15 
 
 There is a continual passing of notes and we still are no 
 nearer a solution. Father is getting rather despondent, 
 but only shows this to me, keeping a cheerful and hopeful 
 demeanour before the others. The Indian Territory 
 question is a great difficulty. Father says if the Indians 
 were included in the peace — and to be in the same position 
 as they were — our Government would break off negotia- 
 tions. He was of opinion that it would be folly to break 
 up negotiations on that account. 
 
 England could not now retreat from the position she 
 had taken up with regard to the Indian Territory with 
 dignity. . . . 
 
 SEPTEMBER 20 
 
 Father has drafted a reply to the British note. It is 
 to this end, that they were willing to recognize the 
 Indians as an independent nation; they refused to 
 allow them to be included in the treaty in any manner, 
 although they would be allowed their old rights and 
 privileges. . . . 
 
 SEPTEMBER 26 
 
 The note was signed to-day and sent to Washington. 
 Mr. Goulburn came to see father. He was most gracious 
 and informed him he relied on his tact and good sense 
 that he could treat with him; in fact, that he was not 
 the least like an American. I do not know if father 
 
 31
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 was pleased or not. He says the only Americans are 
 the Red Indians. . . . 
 
 SEPTEMBER 30 
 
 It seems that Lord Liverpool wishes the offer of the 
 Indian amnesty proffered to be accepted. Lord Bathurst 
 is of the same mind. At last a slight ray of hope that 
 there may be a happy termination. 
 
 OCTOBER 3 
 
 It is now thought advisable to call for a projet of a 
 treaty. Mr. Clay has insisted upon drafting the American 
 reply himself. . . . 
 
 OCTOBER 22 
 
 The British Commissioners sent a note yesterday; the 
 pith of it is that the basis of uti possidetis be admitted 
 and that they would treat on that basis alone. . . . 
 
 OCTOBER 24 
 
 I copied a short note to-day which was sent to the 
 British Commissioners, drafted by father. It was to 
 the effect that they would not treat on the basis of 
 uti possidetis but only on the basis of status quo ante 
 helium, with regard to territory, also asking for a British 
 projet. . . . 
 
 OCTOBER 29 
 
 We are all hard at work framing our projet. It is a most 
 difficult task, as both Mr. Adams and Mr. Clay object 
 to everything except what they suggest themselves. 
 Father remains calm but firm and does all he can to keep 
 peace. The articles on impressment, blockade, and 
 indemnities are assigned to Mr. Adams; the boundaries 
 and fisheries to father. 
 
 OCTOBER 30 
 
 Father to-day drew up an article re American rights to 
 fish in British waters and British rights to navigate the 
 
 32
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 Mississippi, which were confirmed by the treaty of 1783. 
 Mr. Clay objected to them. A long and angry discussion 
 ensued. One question was, what were the fisheries 
 worth? The other the value of the navigation of the 
 Mississippi. Father wishes to save the fisheries; Mr. 
 Clay would not assent to anything. . . . 
 
 NOVEMBER 3 
 
 This drafting still goes on — endless discussions and violent 
 arguments which I can see father thinks futile, but he 
 never loses patience. 
 
 NOVEMBER 5 
 
 A vote to-day on father's proposed articles. Mr. Clay 
 
 and Mr. Russell opposed it; father, Mr. Adams, and 
 
 Mr. Bayard approved. 
 
 So the articles were inserted in the projet. We are 
 
 getting a little more into shape. . . . 
 
 NOVEMBER 7 
 
 Father is doubtful if the questions of the fisheries and 
 the Mississippi were not made permanent by the treaty 
 of 1783. 
 
 NOVEMBER 10 
 
 The projet signed to-day and sent. The fisheries and 
 Mississippi navigation left out. 
 
 NOVEMBER 12 
 
 We have to wait patiently for an answer, as all has to be 
 
 submitted to the superiors in London. 
 
 NOVEMBER 26 
 
 The British contre-projet sent to-da,y; no allusions to 
 the fishery question. A clause claiming free navigation 
 of the Mississippi. . . . 
 
 33
 
 1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 NOVEMBER 28 
 
 A dreadful day. Angry disputes on the contre-projet. 
 Father wishes the clause re the Mississippi accepted. 
 Mr. Clay would not hear of it. Mr. Adams in opposition 
 to Mr. Clay. Nothing arrived at. . . . 
 
 NOVEMBER 28 
 
 To-day father received a private dispatch from the 
 Duke of Wellington. I have only just seen it. It is 
 marked "Strictly confidential." It is couched in the 
 most friendly terms, assuring father he has brought all 
 his weight to bear to ensure peace. He goes on to say: 
 "As I gather, Mr. Madison as well as Mr. Monroe gave 
 you full power to act, without even consulting your 
 colleagues on points you considered of importance. I 
 now feel that peace is shortly in view. Mr. Goulburn 
 has made grave errors and Lord Castlereagh has read 
 him a sharp lesson." 
 
 Father burnt this dispatch and does not even know 
 that I have recorded it. I wanted to copy it, and was 
 doing so when he took it off the table and burned it. . . . 
 
 NOVEMBER 29 
 
 Father's proposition to accept the Mississippi clause 
 after prolonged discussion was carried with a clause 
 containing the taking, drying, and curing of fish, as 
 secured by the former Treaty of Peace. 
 
 DECEMBER 7 
 
 An answer refusing to accept this proposition received 
 to-day. More discussion, everlasting bickering, and 
 matters delayed. Father can no longer support Mr. 
 Adams; he has tried his patience too far. 
 
 DECEMBER 12 
 
 Another private note from the Duke of Wellington 
 assuring father of his support. He says: "Pray do 
 
 S4
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 
 
 not take ofYence at what I say. In you I have the 
 greatest confidence. I hear on all sides that your modera- 
 tion and sense of justice, together with your good common 
 sense, places you above all the other delegates, not except- 
 ing ours. The Emperor Alexander has assured me of 
 this. He says we can place absolute reliance in your 
 word. I have always had the greatest admiration for 
 the country of your birth. You are a foreigner with 
 all the traditions of one fighting for the peace and welfare 
 of the country of your adoption." 
 
 Father, I think, was pleased. He is a foreigner and is 
 proud of it. . . . 
 
 DECEMBER 22 
 
 An answer to-day. The fisheries and Mississippi clauses 
 to be withdrawn and to be referred to further negotia- 
 tions. It would be withdrawn so as not to be mentioned 
 in the treaty. 
 
 Father now sees clearly the avowed wish of the English 
 Government to make peace. ... 
 
 DECEMBER 24 
 
 The treaty was signed to-day in the refectory of the 
 monastery. Later on there was a solemn service in the 
 cathedral; it was most impressive. We all attended as 
 well as the Intendant, all the oflBcers and the high oflacials 
 of Ghent. 
 
 CHRISTMAS DAY 
 
 The British delegates very civilly asked us to dinner. 
 The roast beef and plum pudding was from England, 
 and everybody drank everybody else's health. The 
 band played first "God Save the King," to the toast of 
 the King, and "Yankee Doodle," to the toast of the 
 President. Congratulations on all sides and a general 
 atmosphere of serenity; it was a scene to be remembered. 
 
 35
 
 1815J DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 God grant there may be always peace between the 
 two nations. I never saw father so cheerful; he was in 
 high spirits, and his witty conversation was much 
 appreciated. 
 
 DECEMBER 27 
 
 We have now to wait for the ratification of the treaty. 
 Indeed, I find it a great rest for me. I have copied 
 all father's letters as well as all the important ones that 
 he has received. Although I am only seventeen years of 
 age, I feel much older. Mr. Adams has shown great 
 kindness to me. At first I did not like him, but now will 
 be sorry when we part. 
 
 JANUARY 1, 1815 
 
 I have enjoyed the last week very much. Ghent is en 
 
 fete, dancing nearly every night. . . . 
 
 JANUARY 8 
 
 The ratification of the treaty completed to-day. A great 
 banquet offered by the town of Ghent takes place to-night. 
 Poor father is not looking forward to it. . . . 
 
 JANUARY 9 
 
 The banquet was very fine, lasting over five hours — • 
 speeches, nothing but speeches and toasts. Father said 
 but a few words, but they were carefully chosen and 
 seemed to go to the hearts of all. He spoke in French 
 and ended in a most witty strain. 
 
 JANUARY 10 
 
 We are leaving now as soon as possible for Geneva. . . . 
 
 The Jollowing letters are of interest as a tribute to the part played by 
 Albert Gallatin in the conclusion of the Treaty of Ghent.
 
 
 
 f- '-5 00 
 
 C 1
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 11815 
 
 MADAME DE STAEL to ALBERT GALLATIN * 
 
 CoppET, Suisse, Pays de Vaud, 
 Ce 31 Juillet, 1814 
 Vous m'avez permis de vous demander si vous avez 
 quelque siicces heureux a esperer de votre mission. 
 Mandez-moi a cet egard, m}' dear Sir, tout ce qu'il vous 
 est permis de me dire. Je suis inquiete d'un mot de 
 Lord Castlereagh sur la duree de la guerre et je ne 
 m'explique pas pourquoi il a dit qu'il etait de I'interet 
 de I'Angleterre que le Congres de Vienne s'ouvrit plus 
 tard. C'est vous, Amerique, qui m'interesse avant tout 
 maintenant, a part de mes affaires peeuniaires. Je vous 
 trouve a present les opprimes du parti de la liberte et 
 je vois en vous la cause qui m'attachait a I'Angleterre il 
 y a un an. On souhaite beaucoup de vous voir a Geneve 
 et vous y trouverez la Republique telle que vous I'avez 
 laissee, seulement elle est moins liberale car la mode est 
 ainsi maintenant en Suisse. Aussi les vieux aristocrates 
 se relevent et se remettent a combattre, en oubliant, 
 comme les geants de I'Arioste, qu'ils sont deja morts. 
 
 * MADAME DE STAEL to ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 CoppET, Suisse, Pays de Vaud, 
 July 31, 1814 
 You gave me permission to ask what hopes you have of the success 
 of your mission. Let me know, my dear sir, all that you are permitted 
 to tell me. I am disturbed by a word that Lord Castlereagh let drop 
 about the duration of the war, and I cannot understand why he said 
 that it was to England's interest that the opening of the Congress of 
 Vienna should be postponed. 
 
 It is above all in you — America — that I am interested now apart 
 from the question of my finances. I find you at the moment the 
 oppressed champions of liberty, and it is in you that I find the same 
 cause that attached me to England a year ago. 
 
 Every one is very anxious to see you at Geneva, and you will find 
 the Republic there the same as you left it; only it is less liberal — for 
 that is the fashion at the moment in Switzerland. The old aristocrats 
 
 37 
 
 92217
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 J'espere que la raison triomphera, et quand on vous 
 connait on trouve cette raison si spirituelle qu'elle semble 
 la plus forte. Soyez pacifique cependant et sacrifiez 
 aux circonstances. Vous devez vous ennuyer a Gand et 
 je voudrais profiter pour causer avec vous de tout le 
 temps que vous y perdez. Avez-vous quelques com- 
 missions a faire a Geneve et voulez-vous me donner le 
 plaisir de vous y etre utile en quelque chose? Mille 
 compliments empresses. 
 
 N. DE Stael-holstein. 
 
 Vous savez que M. Sismondi vous a lou6 dans son 
 discours a St. Pierre. 
 
 MADAME DE STAfiL to ALBERT GALLATIN * 
 
 Paris, Rue de Crenelle St. Germain, No. 105 
 30 Septembre, 1814 
 
 Je vous ai ecrit de Coppet, my dear Sir, et je n'ai 
 point eu de reponse. Je crains que ma lettre ne vous 
 
 too are rising, and entering the arena again, forgetting like Ariosto's 
 giants that they are already dead. I hope Reason will triumph, and to 
 one who knows you, she bears a quality so noble and high-minded that 
 her strength appears supreme. Strive for peace, nevertheless, and be 
 guided by circumstances. You must be wearied at Ghent, and I 
 would fain have the opportunity of passing in converse with you all 
 the time that you are losing there. Have you any commissions that 
 you wish executed at Geneva? If so, pray give me the pleasure of 
 doing you some service. 
 A thousand compliments. 
 
 N. DE StaEl-hglstein. 
 
 You have doubtless heard that M. Sismondi sang your praises in 
 his speech at St. Pierre. 
 
 * MADAME DE STAEL to ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 Paris, Rue de Grenelle St. Germain, 105, 
 September 30. 
 I WROTE to you from Coppet, my dear Sir, and I have not had any 
 answer from you. I fear my letter has never reached you. Will you
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 soit pas parvenue. Soyez assez bon pour mc dire ce 
 que vous pouvez me dire sur la vente de mcs fonds en 
 Amerique. Je suis si inquiete que I'idee me venait 
 d'envoyer mon fils en Amerique pour tirer ma fortune 
 de la. Songez qu'elle y est presque toute entiere, c'est 
 a dire que j'y ai quinze cents mille francs, soit en terres 
 soit en fonds publiques, soit chez les banquiers. Soyez 
 aussi assez bon pour me dire si vous restez a Gand. Mon 
 fils en allant en Angleterre pourrait passer par chez vous 
 donner mes nouvelles de Paris. 
 
 Enfin je vous prie de m'accorder quelques lignes sur 
 tout ce qui m'interesse. Vous pouvez compter sur ma 
 discretion et sur ma reconnaissance, et je merite peut- 
 etre quelque bienviellance par mes efi'orts pour vous 
 servir. 
 
 Lord Wellington pretend que je ne le vois jamais sans 
 le precher sur I'Ameriquc. Vous savez de quelle haute 
 consideration je suis penetree pour votre esprit et votre 
 caractere. Mille compliments. 
 
 N. DE Stael-holstein. 
 
 be good enough to tell me all you can about the sale of my property 
 in America. I am so anxious that I thought of sending my son to 
 America to withdraw my fortune from that country. Remember that 
 nearly the whole of it is there, that is to say some fifteen hundred 
 thousand francs, in land and public funds or at my bankers. 
 
 Be good enough also to tell nu\ if you remain at (Jlicnt. My son 
 could go to see you on his way to lOngland and give yovi my news from 
 Paris. Lastly, I beg of you to send me a few lines on anything iliat 
 interests me; you can count on my discretion and gratitude — and 
 I deserve perhaps some kindness for the efforts I have made to serve 
 you. 
 
 Lord Wellington pretends that I never see him without j)reaching 
 to him on the subjcsct of America. 
 
 I need not tell you how much I admire your wit and your character. 
 A thousand compliments. 
 
 N. DE Stael-holstein. 
 
 39
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to IVLVDAME DE STAEL-HOLSTEIN* 
 
 Gand, 4 Oclohre, 1814 
 Ce n'est que hier, my dear Madam, que j'ai regu 
 votre lettre du 23 Septembre; celle que vous m'aviez 
 fait le plaisir de m'ecrire de Coppet m'etait bien par- 
 venue; mais malgre la parfaite confiance que vous 
 m'avez inspiree, il etait de mon devoir de ne rien laisser 
 transpirer de nos negociations; et j'esperais tous les 
 jours pouvoir vous annoncer le lendemain quelque chose 
 de positive. Nous sommes toujours dans le meme etat 
 d'incertitude, mais il me parait impossible que cela 
 puisse durer longtemps, et je vous promets que vous 
 serez la premiere instruite du resultat. Malgre les 
 facheux auspices sous lesquels nous avions commence a 
 traiter, je n'avais point perdu I'esperance de pouvoir 
 reussir. II faut cependant convenir que ce qui s'est 
 passe a la prise de Washington pent faire naitre de 
 nouveaux obstacles a la paix. Une incursion momen- 
 tanee et la destruction d'un Arsenal et d'un fregate ne 
 sont qu'une bagatelle; mais faire sauter ou bruler les 
 palais du Congres et du President, et les bureaux des 
 differents departements c'est un acte de Vandalisme dont 
 
 * LETTER OF ALBERT GALLATIN to MADAME 
 DE STAEL-HOLSTEIN 
 
 Ghent, October 4, 1814. 
 It was only yesterday, my dear Madam, that I received your letter 
 of September 30. The one that you were kind enough to WTite from 
 Coppet reached me safely. But in spite of the perfect confidence 
 with which you inspire me it was my duty not to let anything transpire 
 of our negotiations, and I had hopes every day that on the morrow 
 I should have some definite news to give to you. We are always in 
 the same state of uncertainty, but it seems to me impossible that this 
 can continue for long, and I promise you that you shall be the first to 
 hear of the result. Despite the unpropitious auspices under which 
 we began to treat, I have never lost hope that we shall succeed in 
 the end. It must however be admitted that what took place at the 
 capture of Washington may bring forth further obstacles in the way 
 
 40
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 la guerre de vingt ans en Europe depuis les frontieres 
 de la Russie jusqu'a Paris et de celles du Danemarc 
 jusqu'a Naples, n'offre aucun exemple, et qui doit neces- 
 sairement exasperer les esprits. Est-ce parceque a 
 I'exception de quelques eathedrales, I'Angleterre n'avait 
 aucun edifice public qui put leur etre compare? Ou 
 serait-ce pour consoler la populace de la cite de Londres 
 de ce que Paris n'a ete ni pille ni brule? 
 
 Tout en vous disant cela, je ne me plains point de la 
 conduite des Anglais, qui, si la guerre continue, loin de 
 nous nuire n'aura servi qu'a unir et animer la nation. 
 Sous ce point de vue, la maniere dont on nous fait la 
 guerre doit pleinement rassurer ceux qui avaient des 
 craintes mal fondees sur la permanence de notre union 
 et de notre Gouvernement Federatif. Et il n'y a qu'une 
 dissolution totale qui puisse renverser nos finances et 
 nous faire manquer a nos engagements. 
 
 Je comprends cependant fort bien que lorsqu'on n'est 
 pas Americain, Ton desirerait dans ce moment avoir sa 
 fortune ailleurs que dans ce pays la; je puis avoir des 
 prejuges trop favorables et ne voudrais aucunement vous 
 induire en erreur. 
 
 Mais il me semble que vendre vos fonds a 15 ou 20 
 
 of peace. A sudden raid and the destruction of an Arsenal and a 
 frigate are a mere trifle, but to blow up and burn the House of Congress 
 and the President's Palace, and the offices of the various departments, 
 is an act of vandalism to which the Twenty Years' War in Europe, 
 a war that extended from the Russian frontier to Paris, and from 
 Denmark to Naples, cannot offer a parallel, and which must neces- 
 sarily embitter the temper. Was it because, with the possible exception 
 of a few cathedrals, England has not a single building that can compare 
 with them, or was it to console the popula(;e of the city of London for 
 the fact that Paris was neither sacked nor burnt? 
 
 All the same I am not complaining at all of the conduct of the 
 English, which, far from hurting us, will, if the war continues, only 
 serve to unite and to animate our country. From this point of view 
 their manner of conducting the war must amply reassure all who 
 cherished groundless fears for the permanence of our Union and our 
 Federal Ciovernment. And nothing short of a total rupture can upset 
 our finances and make us fail in our engagements. Notwithstanding 
 
 41
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 pour cent de perte en serait iin sacrifice inutile. lis 
 tomberont probablement encore plus si la guerre con- 
 tinue, mais les interets seront toujours fidelement payes 
 et le capital sera au pair six mois apres la paix. Nous 
 nous sommes tires d'une bien plus mauvaise situation. 
 A la fin de la guerre de I'independance nous n'avions ni 
 finances ni Gouvernement; notre population ne s'elevait 
 qu'a environ trois millions et demi, la nation etait extreme- 
 ment pauvre, la dette publique etait presqu'egale a ce 
 qu'elle est actuellement; les fonds perdaient de 80 a 
 85 pour cent. Nous n'avons cependant pas fait faillite; 
 nous n'avons pas reduit la dette a un tiers par un trait 
 de plume; avec de I'economie et surtout de la probite, 
 nous avons fait face a tout, remis tout au pair, et pendant 
 les dix annees qui avaient precede la guerre actuelle 
 nous avions paye la moitie du capital de notre ancienne 
 dette. 
 
 Au milieu de toutes nos factions, n'importe quel parti 
 ait gouverne, le meme esprit les a toujours animes a cet 
 egard. Le meme esprit regne encore; nous sommes tres 
 
 I understand that one who is not an American would prefer to have 
 his fortune at the present moment elsewhere than in that country; 
 I may myself be somewhat prejudiced and under no circumstances 
 would I wish to mislead you. But it is my personal opinion that to 
 sell your investments at a loss of 15 to 20 per cent, would be a useless 
 sacrifice. They will probably fall still further if the war continues, 
 but the interest will always be faithfully paid and the capital will be 
 back at par six months after peace is made. We extricated ourselves 
 from a worse position than the present. At the end of the War of 
 Independence we had neither money nor government; our population 
 did not amount to more than three and a half millions, the country 
 was extremely poor, the national debt was nearly as large as it is at 
 present, and the Funds fell 80 to 85 per cent. Nevertheless we did 
 not go bankrupt, we did not by a stroke of the pen reduce our debt 
 to a third. By economy and, above all, by honesty, we met every 
 obligation, restored all to par value, and in the course of the ten years 
 that preceded the present war paid off half of the capital of our original 
 debt. 
 
 In the midst of all our party differences, no matter which party was 
 in power, the same spirit as regards finance has always animated our 
 
 42
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 riches; nous etions huit millions d'ames au commence- 
 ment de la guerre, et la population augmente de deux cent 
 cinquante mille ames par an. Si je n'ai pas entierement 
 meconnu I'Amerique, ses ressources et la moralite de sa 
 politique, je ne me trompe pas en croyant ses fonds 
 publics plus solides que ceux de toutes les puissances 
 Europeennes. Si cependant vous avez peur, attendez 
 du moins la conclusion de nos negociations; vous n'avez 
 pas le temps de faire vendre avant cette epoque. Je 
 serai au reste encore quinze jours au moins a Gand et 
 donnerai avec grand plaisir a M. votre fils tous les ren- 
 seignements en mon pouvoir s'il passe par ici en allant 
 en Angleterre. Je suis tres sensible a tout ce que vous 
 avez fait pour etre utile a I'Amerique; je sens encore 
 plus combien je vous dois; vous m'avez re^u et acceuilli 
 comme si j'eusse ete une ancienne connaissance. Avant 
 de vous connaitre je respectais en vous Madame de Stael 
 et la fille de Madame Necker, aux ecrits et a I'exemple de 
 qui j'ai plus d'obligation que je ne puis exprimer. Mais 
 je vous avouerai que j'avais grand peur de vous; une 
 femme tres elegante et aimable et le premier genie de 
 son sexe; Ton tremblerait a moins; vous eutes a peine 
 
 country. The same spirit reigns still. We are very wealthy; at the 
 beginning of the war our population stood at eight million souls and 
 it increases at the rate of 250,000 souls every year. If I have not 
 utterly misunderstood America, her resources and her political morality, 
 then I am right in beUeving that her public funds are as good a security 
 as those of any Power in Europe. If you are still afraid, at least 
 await the conclusion of these negotiations. You have not time to 
 sell before. I shall be staying at Ghent for another fortnight at least, 
 and will be happy to give your son all the information in my power, 
 if he passes by here on his way to England. I am very sensible of all 
 the help that you have given to America; and am yet more sensible 
 of what I owe to you personally. You received and welcom ;d me 
 as if I was an old acquaintance. Before I knew you I respected in 
 you, Madame de Stael, the daughter of Madame Necker, to whose 
 writings and example I am under a deeper obligation than I am able 
 to express. But I will confess that I was very much afraid of you. 
 Before a woman so elegant and so amiable, and the greatest genius of 
 her sex — one could not but tremble. You had hardly opened your lips 
 
 43
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 ouvert les levres que je fus rassure, et en moins de cinq 
 minutes je me seiitis aupres de vous comme avec une 
 amie de vingt ans. Je n'aurais fait que vous admirer, 
 mais votre bonte egale vos talents et e'est pour cela que 
 je vous aime. Agreez-en, je vous prie, I'assurance et 
 soyez sure du plaisir que me procurerait I'occasion de 
 pouvoir vous etre bon a quelque chose. 
 
 Albert Gallatin. 
 
 ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT to ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 Je n'ai pas ete assez heureux pour vous trouver ce 
 matin, mon illustre ami. J'aurais bien desire cependant 
 vous parler de mon attachement constant et tendre, de 
 mon vif interet pour la paix que vous avez eu la gloire 
 de conclure dans des circonstances difRciles. J'aurais 
 voulu vous feliciter sur cette belle et noble defense de la 
 Nouvelle-Orleans qui fera respecter les armees de la 
 Liberte. Comme les flottes qui voguent sous votre 
 pavilion se sont couvertes de gloire depuis longtemps ! 
 Que dans ces temps malheureux mes j^eux se fixent avec 
 attendrissement sur ces contrees qui seront bientot le 
 centre de la civilisation humaine ! Je ferais d'autres 
 tentatives pour vous trouver et recommander de nouveau 
 Mr. Warden, mon ami et celui de Messrs. Berthollet, 
 Thenard, Gay Lussac, et de tout ce qui aime les sciences. 
 Je ne puis croire qu'un homme aussi instruit, aussi doux, 
 aussi honnete, aussi attache aux Etats-Unis, a M. Jeffer- 
 son et aux doctrines vertueuses puisse etre rejette 
 par votre gouvernement. Je supplie Madame Gallatin 
 d'agreer I'hommage de mon respecteux devouement. 
 
 before my confidence returned, and after five minutes in your company 
 I felt that I had been your friend for twenty years. My admiration 
 was yours in any case. But finding your kindness is only equalled 
 by your talents, I cannot but love you. Accept, I pray you, my 
 assurance of this, and believe me when I say that it will always be a 
 pleasure to me to serve you in any way within my power. 
 
 Albert Gallatin. 
 44
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 Quel contraste entre cette epoque et celle ou vous me 
 vites a Londres ennuye des "Magnanimous Souverains 
 et de la croisade des heros!" * 
 
 Humboldt. 
 
 QuAi Malaquais, No. 3. 
 Jeudi, 
 
 *ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT to ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 I HAD not the pleasure of finding you this morning, my noble friend. 
 Nevertheless I would fain have spoken with you of my constant and 
 sincere attachment and of my keen interest in the peace which you 
 have had the honour to conclude under the most difficult circumstances. 
 I would have Hked to congratulate you on your fine and courageous 
 defence of New Orleans, which will gain respect for the armies of 
 Liberty. The fleets which sail under your Flag have indeed for long 
 covered themselves with glory. How tenderly in these unhappy times 
 my eyes gaze on the countries so soon to be the centre of the civiliza- 
 tion of the world. I would make other attempts to find you and to 
 recommend again to your notice Mr. Warden, my friend and the 
 friend of Messieurs BerthoUet, Thenard and Gay Lussac, as indeed he is 
 of every friend of learning. I cannot believe that a man so full of 
 learning, so gentle and so honourable, so firm a friend of the United 
 States, of Mr. Jefferson and his virtuous doctrines, can be rejected 
 by your Government. 
 
 I entreat Madame Gallatin to accept the expression of my respectful 
 homage and devotion. 
 
 What a contrast this period presents to the time when you saw me 
 in London, weary of the Magnanimous Sovereigns and the Heroes' 
 Crusade. 
 
 Humboldt. 
 
 3 QuAi Malaquais, 
 Thursday. 
 
 45
 
 PART II 
 
 FROM THE CONCLUSION OF THE TREATY OF GHENT 
 TO THE SIGNATURE OF THE TREATY OF COMMERCE 
 
 JANUARY— JULY 1815 
 
 JANUARY 20, 1815: GENEVA 
 
 We arrived here to-day. Father was very excited, as it 
 was his first visit to his native land after so many years 
 absence. 
 
 We went direct to the Gallatin House. The entrance is 
 in the Cite, a steep narrow lane paved with small round 
 cobble-stones. The house faces on the Rue de la Corratrie. 
 It is very fine, and belongs to Monsieur Naville, who 
 married the daughter and heiress of Count Paul Michael 
 de Gallatin, who was the head of the family. Our coat- 
 of-arms in stone used to be high up over the door, but 
 during the Revolution some miscreants destroyed it, 
 leaving only the two lions the supporters. 
 
 JANUARY 21 
 
 Crowds of visitors all day to welcome father. Madame 
 de Stael came from Coppet. She is not handsome, but 
 such a great charm of manner. She was oddly dressed, 
 seeming to have one or two skirts on top of the other, a 
 great pelisse of green cloth lined with sable, on her head 
 a high green caleche. She invited both father and myself 
 to pay her a visit at Coppet. She is not tall, rather fat, 
 and has coarse features but splendid eyes. 
 
 46
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 JANUARY 22 
 
 This morning the Syndics came in a body to greet 
 father and to congratulate him on the successful termina- 
 tion of the Peace with England. Then Monsieur Sismondi* 
 made a discours full of laudation of father, much to 
 the latter's annoyance. After they withdrew Benjamin 
 Constant was announced; he rushed up to father, seized 
 him in his arms, and kissed him on both cheeks. There 
 was some excuse for him as he is a relation of ours. 
 Large dinner of forty at 3 o'clock, nearly all rela- 
 tives — Navilles, Saladins, Sellons, Sarrasins, Humberts, 
 Diodatis, de Budes, Pictets, Lullins, &c. &c. I was 
 much struck with their great simplicity and dignity of 
 manner; it was all a revelation to me. The ladies were 
 very plainly dressed with hardly any jewels. So odd, 
 they never change your knife and fork after the fish is 
 served, but have little silver rests by each plate for them. 
 The dinner lasted two hours and a half. 
 After escorting the ladies to the drawing-room — where 
 all the women kissed their hostess, then kissed each 
 other, and we men kissed their hands. All this was done 
 in a most solemn and dignified manner — then our host, 
 knowing father's habit, conducted him with some of the 
 other guests to the library to smoke. 
 Father smokes regularly eleven strong cigars a day. 
 After about an hour we adjourned to the large gallery. 
 All the ladies were seated stiffly around the room. Only 
 one person talked at a time. It is called a salon. It was 
 interesting at first, but after three hours of it I w' jed 
 myself in Paris. At 9 o'clock supper was announced. . . 
 
 JANUARY 23 
 
 All day paying visits; a quiet evening. 
 
 JANUARY 24 
 
 We go on a tour of visits, starting on the 2Gth. I am in 
 love with Geneva, it is so beautiful although it is winter; 
 
 * J. C. L. Sismondi, born 1773, died 1842, a Genevan and famous 
 historian. 
 
 47
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 they tell me I must see it in summer. A large supper 
 to-night — other members of our family and relations, 
 together with Monsieur de Lavalette and Monsieur 
 Bonstetten. . . . 
 
 JANUARY 25 
 
 A very tiring day, paying visits in the morning. From 
 5 till 7 o'clock one deputation followed the other to greet 
 father. I think he was bored; I know I was. . . . 
 
 JANUARY 26 
 
 We started at 10 o'clock and arrived at Chateau de 
 Rozay, near Rolle. My grandmother was a Mile Rolaz 
 du Rozay. The chateau is small with turrets, very 
 old and very comfortable. My two du Rozay cousins, 
 who are about my age, are immensely tall and broad in 
 proportion, one being 6 ft. 4 in., the other an inch taller. 
 It seems that they are always hunting chamois in the 
 mountains. I feel like a dwarf next to them. A portrait 
 of my grandmother as a girl, not pretty; but one of her 
 sisters who married a Prussian, Count Doenhoff, is quite 
 lovely; she was Mistress of the Robes to the Queen of 
 Prussia and a famous beauty. . . . 
 
 JANUARY 28: CHATEAU DE ROZAY 
 
 We leave here to-morrow and go to the Chateau 
 
 d'Allaman. 
 
 JANUARY 29: ALLAMAN 
 
 Allaman, on the Lake Leman, belongs to Count Sellon 
 (his mother was a Gallatin). A beautiful castle, filled 
 with Gobelin tapestry and furniture; one room all pink 
 tapestry. We dined in the chapel — 60 ft. long and 
 30 ft. wide, stone floor. . . . 
 
 JANUARY 30 
 
 The family are charming — four daughters, all young. 
 
 48
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 The youngest is named Hortense. The Queen Hortense* 
 was her godmother. The latter has stopped for weeks at 
 Allaman. They have an authentic ghost here, not in 
 the house but in the park; I hope to see it before I 
 leave. It is in the form of a monk reading a book. He 
 is to be seen in one of the alleys of the wood approaching; 
 as you get quite close he vanishes. All the family have 
 seen it, as well as hundreds of others. Monsieur de Sellon 
 stations men with bill-hooks at various places to cut down 
 branches, as he thinks it but an optical illusion. . . . 
 
 JANUARY 31 
 
 I saw the ghost at 12.30 to-day. It is certainly extra- 
 ordinary. They fired point-blank at it without any 
 effect. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 1 
 
 Too tired to write last night. A beautiful day, bright 
 sunshine. We have been skating all day. Our visit 
 terminates to-morrow. To-night a large supper in honour 
 of Joseph Bonaparte,t the ex-King of Spain, the eldest 
 brother of Napoleon. He lives at Prangins on the lake. 
 Monsieur de Sellon had a letter to-day from the Queen 
 Hortense — he read parts of it aloud to us. Evidently 
 she is in great trouble. 
 
 FEBRUARY 2 
 
 Joseph Bonaparte is handsome — acts as if he were still 
 King of Spain. He arrived with a large suite. We were 
 presented to him by the Count de Sellon before supper. 
 He had a long conversation with father on the state of 
 Europe. He is very rich. He spoke with much feeling 
 
 * Hortense de Beauharnais, daughter of the Empress Josephine by 
 her first husband, married Louis Bonaparte January 3, 1802, was 
 Queen of Holland and mother of Napoleon III. 
 
 t Joseph, the eldest brother of Napoleon, bom 1768, died 1844, was 
 King of Naples and King of Spain. 
 
 49
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 of Napoleon. He married Julie Clary, the daughter of a 
 Marseilles tallow-chandler; she had some money. Father 
 does not like the Bonapartes or their entourage — says 
 Joseph Bonaparte shows his middle-class bringing up 
 both in speech and movements, that Napoleon is better 
 where he is. Although father is representing a republic 
 and believes in republics, he has a strong affection for 
 the House of Bourbon. We drove with four horses and 
 postillions to the Chateau de Veufflans, above Lausanne. 
 At the bottom of the hill two more horses were added, 
 sent by Monsieur de Senarclan. The names are so funny. 
 Veufflans is superb, built by the Reine Berthe in 1000. 
 It is in bad repair; it w^ould cost over a million francs 
 to restore it. After we arrived a deputation presented 
 an address to father from Lausanne in the name of the 
 Canton de Vaud. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 3: VEUFFLANS 
 
 I went to-day to the Chateau de Chillon, near Vevey. 
 It is most interesting; such a wonderful position, built 
 out into the lake. It belonged to the Duke of Savoy. 
 Another dinner lasting two hours, some music, which 
 was a relief, then talk, talk, talk, and the usual trays 
 passed round, one closely following the other. I w^as 
 glad to get to bed. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 4 
 
 We go to-morrow to Sergy, which belongs to Monsieu^ 
 Pictet, another relation. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 5 
 
 A beautiful house. Snowing hard all day. A very large 
 
 party but of little interest. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 6 
 
 We left here this morning in a most comfortable sleigh 
 for Coppet; we had three relays of horses, the last sent 
 
 50
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 by Madame de Stael. This chateau is charming — a 
 wonderful view of the lake and mountains, the latter 
 covered with snow. A great many people stopping here. 
 We were very tired after our long cold drive. Madame 
 de Stael most kind and seems so genuinely glad to welcome 
 us. Mile Albertine de Stael, her daughter, is very pretty 
 and graceful; she is betrothed to the Due de Broglie, 
 He looks very untidy and dull but very much in love. 
 Auguste de Stael, her son, looked very serious. Monsieur 
 Benjamin Constant, Monsieur Sismondi, Due and 
 Duchesse de Duras, Due and Duchesse de Clermont- 
 Tonnerre (she is a sister of Monsieur de Sellon), and 
 Monsieur de Bonstetten are among the guests. Not 
 such a long dinner. Some music; then the Due de 
 Broglie and Mile de Stael, the Duchesse de Duras and 
 Monsieur de Montmorency, danced a minuet with great 
 dignity and grace. As I was very tired father asked 
 permission for me to retire, so I went to bed early. 
 
 FEBRUARY 7: COPPET 
 
 A delightful day. Up early. Had my caje au lait when 
 I met de Broglie. He kindly proposed to go with me 
 and show me what was to be seen at Coppet. He improves 
 on acquaintance. Dejeuner at 11.30. Madame de Stael's 
 first appearance; she does all her correspondence and 
 writing in bed. She was most animated. Questioned 
 father about the proceedings at Ghent; congratulated 
 him, adding: "I had a letter from Milord Wellington 
 this morning. He praises you, saying you had used 
 great wisdom and tact." She told us some funny stories 
 about Madame Patterson Bonaparte, the American wife 
 of King Jerome, whose wit, beauty, and virtue she 
 extolled. One story was very funny.* She had given 
 
 * The page in the Diary on which this story is written had been 
 ruined by dampness. In 1869 my grandfather, thinking this was the 
 story, wrote it on a sheet of paper, pasting it over the ruined sheet. 
 His memor>' must have been at fault, as the incident must have oc- 
 curred much later. Editor. 
 
 51
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 a dinner at her house in Geneva, to which Madame 
 Bonaparte was invited. Arriving very late, she delayed 
 serving the dinner for over half an hour. On one side 
 of her was a Mr. Dundas, a great gourmand, who was 
 much put out at having to wait. After the soup had 
 been served he turned to Madame Bonaparte and asked 
 her if she had read the book of Captain Basil Hall on 
 America. She replied in the affirmative. " Well, madame, 
 did you notice that Hall said all Americans are vul- 
 garians?" "Quite true," calmly answered Madame 
 Bonaparte, "I am not in the least surprised. If the 
 Americans had been the descendants of the Indians or 
 the Esquimaux there might have been some reason to 
 be astonished, but as they are the direct descendants of 
 the English it is perfectly natural that they should be 
 vulgarians." After this Mr. Dundas did not open his 
 mouth again and left at the first opportunity. 
 This afternoon we went out in Russian sledges, six 
 of them. 
 
 The Marquis of Huntly arrived, and we dined at 5 o'clock. 
 A most interesting evening — our hostess most brilliant. 
 She told us many episodes of the Revolution and the 
 part she had taken in it: how she had helped so many 
 of her friends to escape, having armed herself with pass- 
 ports of difTerent nations; how Napoleon had persecuted 
 her. She also spoke most feelingly of her father with 
 tears in her eyes; it seems she adored him. 
 
 FEBRUARY 8: COPPET 
 
 The Marquis of Huntly* gave father a copy of a letter given 
 to him by Mr. Barry. It is an account of an interview 
 with Napoleon at Elba — most interesting. He first read 
 it aloud. Madame de Stael could hardly contain herself 
 
 * Marquis of Huntly, born 1743, died 1827, afterward Duke of 
 Gordon. At the command of Louis XV he opened the ball at Versailles 
 with the Dauphiness, 1770, and in 1826, at the age of eighty-four, danced 
 with Madame de France, daughter of the Due de Berri. 
 
 52
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 and continually interrupted, exclaiming, " Cet animal; 
 on devrait lui tordre le cou." Lord Huntly says that 
 one of the reasons she hates Bonaparte so heartily is, 
 when she once asked him whom he considered the greatest 
 women in history he replied, "The women who had 
 the most children." Madame de Stael had only two. 
 
 COLONEL BARRY'S LETTER to THE MARQUIS OF 
 HUNTLY 
 
 "Mr. Douglas* dined with Colonel Barry yesterday. He 
 had just come from the Island of Elba, where he had 
 an audience of nearly two hours with Bonaparte. 
 His account of him is as nearly as follows: 
 On his arrival in the island he went to General Bertrand 
 (who is a sort of chamberlain) to state that he was a mem- 
 ber of the English Parliament and to request permission 
 to pay his respects to the Emperor. General Bertrand 
 was ill, but he received a very civil answer from General 
 Drouet in the affirmative. He was accordingly intro- 
 duced, and was received with great courtesy. Bonaparte 
 asked several questions about his journey, and then, 
 to the surprise of Mr. D., began to talk in the most 
 unreserved manner of the state of affairs in Europe. He 
 said that he lamented that the present Government had 
 not given up the slave trade — that had he remained in 
 power he would have done so, as it was a system of 
 brigandage by which France was not benefited. He 
 had proposed a plan for the settlement of St. Domingue, 
 to give up the centre of the island to the blacks and to 
 establish factories upon the coast. That he had conceived 
 it would be attended with advantage to allow polygamy 
 amongst the blacks, but upon consulting a certain bishop, 
 'un hon homme, cet Eveque m'a dit: c'est contraire a 
 la religion Chretiennc' He abused the Emperor Alex- 
 ander with great violence, said he was 'faux et un fat, 
 
 * Mr. Douglas was an M.P., and a violent anti-Bonapartist. 
 53
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 J'ous ne poiivez pas avoir une idee de la faussete de cet 
 Iwmme.' We were right, he said, in supposing that 
 there had been secret articles in the treaty of Tilsit. 
 Alexander was bound by them to go to war with England. 
 ' Cela entra dans man systcmel' He said the Bourbons 
 would repent it if they gave up Belgique. 
 That he would have given up anything else, but that 
 he knew the French people would not allow him to 
 remain on the throne except as a conqueror. France 
 would not bear to be confined to her ancient limits. He 
 compared her to air compressed within too small a 
 compass, the explosion of which was like thunder. 
 'Malheur aux Bourbons si jamais Us font la paix sans 
 conserver aucune conquete: il y'a dans la France une 
 jeunesse bouillante de 100,000 hommes accoutiimes au 
 metier de la guerre.^ He was here evidently carried 
 away by his subject and, suddenly recollecting himself, 
 said: 'Mais ce n'est pas mon affaire — je suis mort.' 
 In the course of conversation Prince Metternich was 
 mentioned, and Mr. D. said, 'C'est un ban politique.' 
 Bonaparte answered: ' Non, c'est un homme tres 
 aimable et qui parle tres bien en compagnie, mais qui 
 ment toujours; on pent mentir une fois, deux fois, trois 
 fois, mais on ne peut pas mentir toujours, ce n'est pas selon 
 ma politique.' England was, he said, at the height of 
 her power and glory, but that we must remember that 
 when nations were arrived at that point it was said 
 they were near a decline. That the Continental Powers 
 were jealous of our maritime rights and in time of peace 
 would be as much so as they had been of his territorial 
 acquisitions. 
 
 He laughed and joked a great deal about the Pope 
 and the tricks he had played to get him in his power, 
 constantly repeating, 'Moi qui suis le meilleur Catholique 
 du monde; il n'y a pas dans le monde un meilleur 
 Catholique que moi,' and sentiments of this sort. He 
 said he understood the world had expected that he would 
 
 54
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 have put a pistol to his head, but no, he had been born 
 a soldier; had found the "Throne de France" vacant, 
 circumstances had placed him on it, that he had remained 
 there fourteen years, and had been obliged to descend 
 from it. Having borne this 'ce serait un Idche qui ne 
 pourrait pas soutenir V existence.' He was sorry, he said, 
 at the close of the last campaign, when he had advanced 
 to Ville Juis, he had not pushed on to Paris. He 
 had 40,000 of his guards with him w^ho would have 
 shed the last drop of blood for him, and he thinks his 
 presence would have raised the people to defend the 
 town — he wanted so much to do so but was dissuaded 
 by his generals. He complained bitterly of Marmont. 
 'Could you have believed it that a man to whom I have 
 actually given bread would have deserted me in that 
 manner?' he said; that we had not done justice to the 
 Americans; that there had never been any treaty between 
 him and Madison, and they had held as high language 
 to him as they had done to us. Mr. D. had crossed the 
 Alps by the passage of the Simplon, one of the most 
 splendid works of Bonaparte's reign; hearing it, he 
 made many inquiries about the state of the road, and 
 appeared minutely acquainted with it and interested on 
 the subject. This is almost all I can recollect, nearly 
 the whole of what Mr. D. related to us. He says Bona- 
 parte is in excellent health — not too fat, as he had been 
 told; very dirty and vulgar in his manner of speaking 
 and extremely poor. 
 
 The French Government have not paid him his pension, 
 and in consequence he has been obliged to reduce his 
 household one-half. He had 1200 troops in his pay, 
 mostly veterans who had followed his fortunes from the 
 Imperial Guards. Mr. D. says his apparent want of 
 feeling is beyond anything he could have conceived. 
 He could not learn anything on the subject of the reports 
 that he was to leave Elba. Some time ago a felucca 
 landed in one of the most barren parts of the island and 
 
 55
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 a messenger was dispatched to Bonaparte; he came 
 down unattended by any servant and received a lady, 
 whom he conducted to a country house of his. She 
 remained there two days, at the end of which time he 
 reconducted her in the same manner. They embraced 
 often at parting. The Elbans think it was Marie Louise, 
 but it is generally supposed to have been a Polish lady 
 to whom he was attached. 
 
 Mr. Douglas in the course of conversation two or three 
 times mentioned the Empress, whom he had seen in 
 Switzerland, but Bonaparte took no notice of it and 
 appeared anxious to avoid the subject." 
 
 NOTE ON ORIGINAL BY ALBERT GALLATIN 
 Mr. Douglas's conversation with Bonaparte given to me at Geneva in 
 February, 1815, hy the Marquis of Huntly, since Duke of Gordon. . . . 
 
 A. a. 
 
 Diary continued : 
 FEBRUARY 8 
 
 After dinner Albertine de Stael sang some charming 
 chansonettes, accompanying herself on a spinet. All 
 the chairs were put in a circle and Madame de Stael 
 held forth. She read some letters of Louis XVIII when 
 he was in England. She also told us that it was a fact 
 that the Due de Berri had married in London the 
 daughter of an English clergyman and had children. 
 Then Monsieur Bonstetten gave a little discourse on 
 Voltaire and Byron, followed by Monsieur Sigismonde. 
 Then father gave a most amusing account of his early life 
 in America and of his first meeting with General Washing- 
 ton in a log-cabin. I saw Madame de S. taking notes 
 on her tablets. 
 
 FEBRUARY 9: COPPET 
 
 This morning Lord Huntly described the splendours of 
 the ball at Versailles for the marriage of the Dauphin 
 Louis XVI; that the King sent for him and commanded 
 him to open the ball with Dauphine " Marie Antoinette." 
 
 56
 
 
 
 <" S;^*'o )d^x ^ 
 
 K 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 < 
 
 W
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 He saw how delighted I was and sent for me to come to 
 his room. He gave me two of the invitation cards;* 
 they are beautifully engraved. One is in colour, and in 
 the top left-hand corner there is, "Porte et gradins a 
 gauche"; in the centre of the coloured design is "Bal pare 
 a Versailles your le mariage de Monseigneur Le Dauphin, 
 Le Mercredi, 24. Fevrier, 1745," signed in the right-hand 
 corner "De Bonneval." The other onef is beautifully 
 engraved, is larger, and has the same wording. It was 
 most kind of him. A large dinner at 5 o'clock, to be 
 followed by a comedy written by our hostess. She takes 
 a r61e as well as Monsieur de Montmorency. After 
 breakfast Madame de Stael told father she believed greatly 
 in heredity; undoubtedly he had inherited his talent for 
 finance from their common ancestor Jacques Cceur.J 
 More people arriving, I made my escape, and had a good 
 afternoon's skating. The banquet is at 5 o'clock. We 
 are leaving to-morrow, much to my regret. 
 
 FEBRUARY 10: COPPET 
 
 I was too tired last night to write. I can hardly describe 
 last evening's festivities. Our hostess received her guests 
 at the end of the large salon — the Due and Duchesse 
 
 * The card printed in colour is for the marriage of the father of 
 Louis XVI. Signed de Bonneval, who was "I'intendant des menus 
 plaisirs du Roi." 
 
 t The second card mentioned above is for the ball for the marriage 
 in 1770 of the Dauphin, afterward Louis XVI, and is not signed. 
 
 J Jacques Coeur, celebrated financier of the fifteenth century. 
 Born at Bourges, died at Chio November 25, 1456. He lent immense 
 sums of money to the King Charles VII of France. His reward was 
 to be arrested on a charge of poisoning Agnes Sorel, the King's mistress. 
 He was condemned to a long imprisonment — this gave the King an 
 excuse to seize the remainder of his property and fortune. Escaping 
 after several years of imprisonment he went to Rome and was taken 
 under the protection of the Pope Nicholas V. He made another 
 enormous fortune by opening the trade of the East. Both Madame de 
 Stael and Albert Gallatin were descended from him. 
 
 57
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 de Clermont-Tonnerre (she was nee de Sellon), Count and 
 Countess Cavour, Comtesse de Boigne, and a host of 
 others. We dined thirty. At 8 o'clock more arrivals: 
 Prince Demidoff in a superb sleigh with eight horses 
 harnessed in Russian fashion; he brought the Grand 
 Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Princess Patiomkin, 
 Princess Galitzin, and Madame Bonaparte. The Grand 
 Duke led in Madame Bonaparte. She is quite beautiful 
 still, was wonderfully dressed, and covered in fine jewels. 
 She kissed me on both cheeks, which made me very shy, 
 but she has known me since I was a child. 
 At 9 o'clock the comedy was played in the long gallery. 
 It was most witty. Madame de Stael was in white and 
 gold draperies, with a turban with eight or ten white 
 feathers. She really looked handsome. She always has 
 a small branch of laurel in her hand. At the end of the 
 performance, with a curtsey she threw it to father — just 
 the thing to annoy him. Madame Bonaparte gave me a 
 brooch of turquoise for my choker. Supper was served 
 at 10.30, and the guests did not leave until after 1.30 a.m. 
 We leave at 2 o'clock for Sacconex (the de Budes). I 
 watched father carefully and tried to do exactly as he 
 did. All the ladies curtseyed down to the ground to 
 H.R.H.; some of the older ones I thought would never 
 get up again. Why will fat old ladies wear such low 
 waists? I never kissed so many hands in my life, and 
 my neck is quite stiff with bowing. 
 
 FEBRUARY 10 
 
 We left Coppet after dejeuner. Prince Demidoff kindly 
 offered to take us with him, as he was going back to 
 Geneva and Sacconex is on his way. His sleigh is superb; 
 all the rugs are of the finest Russian sable. All assembled 
 in the hall to bid us farewell. Madame de Stael kissed 
 me on both cheeks and gave me a beautifully bound copy 
 of "Corinne" with the dedication ^'A Cnpidon de la 
 part de Vauteur." I really must look a baby. I will 
 
 58
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 never forget my visit to Coppet. We had eight horses 
 harnessed Russian fashion, three relays. Galloped all 
 the way. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 11: SACCONEX 
 
 This is a lovely house and all are so kind. M. de Bude 
 
 is a cousin of father's. There are two sons — Jules, the 
 
 younger, full of life. We have been skating. . . . 
 
 A large dinner, rather dull. . . . 
 
 For three mortal hours in the drawing-room footmen 
 
 passed tray after tray of sirops, wine cakes, &c. &c. 
 
 People here never seem to stop eating. 
 
 Byron called Madame de Stael "old Mother Stale," 
 
 but nevertheless he said of her "she is vain, but who has 
 
 better right to be." . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 13: GENEVA 
 
 We returned here to-day and are stopping at the Naville's. 
 Father learned to-day that at one time it was the inten- 
 tion of the British Government to send the Duke of Wel- 
 lington to America, during the Ghent negotiations, to 
 terminate the war. It seems he refused to go, giving 
 his reason that he could not be spared, and at the same 
 time expressing his displeasure at the way Lords Castle- 
 reagh, Liverpool, and Bathurst were acting. It seems 
 it was mainly due to him that the English made the 
 concessions they did and brought the matter to a speedy 
 termination. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 14 
 
 Father takes me alone with him to-morrow to spend the 
 day at Ferney. He calls it a pilgrimage. He was often 
 taken to see Voltaire by his grandmother when very 
 young. This afternoon a deputation of Americans resid- 
 ing in Geneva and the Canton de Vaud presented father 
 with an address enclosed in a beautiful casket of enamel. 
 We dined quietly en famille. 
 
 59
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 FEBRUARY 15 
 
 Such an interesting day. Sitting in Voltaire's favourite 
 chair at P'erney, I am writing this. We left Geneva 
 early, arriving here for dejeuner at 11.30. The owners 
 of Ferney are away, but left orders we were to be enter- 
 tained. The house is not large, but well situated and 
 comfortable. During dejeuner father told me how he 
 used to be brought by his grandmother to Ferney; that 
 he often dined at the tables we were sitting at with the 
 friends of Voltaire — the Marquis de Condorcet,* who 
 wrote the letters of Junius to William Pitt (he was 
 arrested in April 1794 and found dead in his cell at 
 Bourg la Reine on April 8, poisoned by opium, which 
 he always carried in a ring, so cheating the guillotine); 
 the Abbe Galiani, the great wit and raconteur, whose 
 indecent stories even Madame Necker forgave (it was 
 he who said the death of Marie Theresa was "like 
 an ink-bottle spilt on the map of Europe"); Diderot 
 the atheist, and Grimm. He said, " I feel them hovering 
 around us now, and can nearly hear their voices." 
 Then he told me of visits when Voltaire read some 
 new play aloud, or rehearsed with the Due de Villar and 
 Madame Gallatin (his grandmother) — plays that were 
 acted both at Ferney and Pregny; in fact, he himself 
 had taken the role of a negro boy in Oriental dress when 
 he was twelve years old. One Sunday Voltaire took 
 him into the garden and, pointing to the heavens, said, 
 "That is the dome made by the great God — not the God 
 created by man." There was a splendid sunset, and 
 as the sun sank behind the Jura Mountains he said: 
 "Can anything be grander than that? — never to be 
 imitated." — " When I was older he impressed upon me 
 always to be charitable in thought and action, to benefit 
 my fellow-creatures as much as was within my power, 
 always to speak the truth, and never to be afraid to give 
 
 * Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, bom 1743, 
 died 1794. 
 
 60
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 my opinion." The last time father saw him he was ill; 
 
 it was in 1778, the year before he died. He kissed father 
 
 on both cheeks and said, " Enfin Dieu vi'appelle — mais 
 
 quel Dieu. Je n'en sais rien." Madame de la Vilette, 
 
 his niece, gave father a small bust of her uncle, which I 
 
 now have. . . . 
 
 Before leaving Ferney I picked some myrtle-leaves 
 
 and pensees to send to my mother. . . . 
 
 After dining at 4 o'clock we returned to Geneva — a 
 
 day never to be forgotten. I am afraid my description 
 
 is very poor. 
 
 Father is giving sittings to Madame Meunier Romilly 
 
 for a portrait for Geneva. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 16 
 
 To-day I visited St. Pierre, the cathedral, also the temple, 
 and saw the tablet to the victories of the Escalade in 
 1602. There was a Louis Gallatin killed. ... 
 
 FEBRUARY 17 
 
 We went to Pregny, where father was born. This house, 
 together with all my father's property, was sold by his 
 trustees during the Revolution at great sacrifice. They 
 thought they were acting wisely in such troubled times. 
 I went to see father's portrait. She will only have 
 time to paint the head and hands, the remainder from 
 a model. It looks too old to me. 
 
 FEBRUARY 18 
 
 We paid a visit to Madame Recamier, who is passing 
 through Geneva. She is beautiful, but I could not see 
 great intelligence in her face; great charm of manner. 
 We also called on Madame Patterson Bonaparte. She 
 was very witty and made father laugh. She told us how 
 she first met her husband, Jerome Bonaparte. He had 
 gone to America in command of a ship, arriving at 
 Baltimore. He was invited to dine with an old French- 
 
 61
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 man, the Marquis de Poleon, who had escaped with his 
 family from St. Domingo during the massacre on that 
 island; two of his children with their nurses w^ere killed. 
 On account of the troubled state of France, he had 
 thought it wiser to go to America. All the beauties of 
 Baltimore were invited to the dinner — the Catons,* 
 &c. &c. She was looking out of the window overlooking 
 the drive with Monsieur de Poleon's eldest daughter. 
 She continued: "We saw two young men approaching 
 the house. Mile Pascault exclaimed, pointing to the 
 taller one, 'That man will be my husband.' I answered, 
 'Very well, I will marry the other one.' Strangely 
 enough, we both did as we had said. Henrietta Pascault 
 married Reubell, son of one of the three directors, and 
 I married Jerome Bonaparte"; adding, "Had I but 
 waited, with my beauty and wit I would have married 
 an English duke, instead of which I married a Corsican 
 blackguard." 
 
 We leave to-morrow, much to father's regret. He feels 
 it is his duty to go to England as soon as possible, as 
 there is so much to discuss and settle. This has been 
 his holiday. A large supper of fifty to-night, nearly all 
 relations. I liked them, austere as they were, as they 
 are so fond of father and proud of him. 
 
 FEBRUARY 19: BELGARDE 
 
 We left at 8 o'clock this morning. Prince Demidoff 
 sent his sleigh and had arranged for four relays of horses. 
 Even at that early hour most of our relations came to 
 W'ish us "God-speed." Father was touched, I could see 
 it by his eyes. This is our first halting-place. After all, 
 Madame Meunier had only time to paint the head and 
 one hand, which is holding a roll of paper, symbolic of 
 the treaty. 
 
 * The three beautiful Miss Catons. One married the Duke of Leeds. 
 Another the Marquis of Wellesley, brother of the Duke of Wellington, 
 and the third Lord Stratford. 
 
 62
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 FEBRUARY 20: BELGARDE 
 
 I got up early and went to see the "Bouche du Rhone." 
 The river disappears for over three miles under stone. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 23: MACON 
 
 We arrived here late last night. A charming old town. 
 
 It is the great wine country. , . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 25: DIJON 
 
 Not very interesting. Still the wine country. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 28: FONTAINEBLEAU 
 
 What a beautiful place ! We are lodged in an inn 
 opposite the palace gates. I went over the chateau; 
 it is full of interest, of Henry II, Diane de Poitiers, 
 &c. &c. I was shown the apartment that Napoleon 
 gave to the Pope when he made him prisoner. The 
 Pope would not allow a divorce between King Jerome and 
 his wife; that was one of the reasons he brought him 
 to Fontainebleau, as he himself wanted to divorce 
 Josephine. . . . 
 
 MARCH 1: PARIS 
 
 We started early and arrived for breakfast at Vaux 
 Praslin, a magnificent palace belonging to the Due de 
 Choiseul. It was built by Fouquet, Marquis de Belle- 
 Isle, Superintendent of Finances to Louis XIV. He 
 entertained the King there in great splendour. . . . The 
 Due received us most kindly. He is a connexion through 
 the Birons and Marmiers. I never saw such wonderful 
 furniture, tapestries, pictures, &c. &c. The library 
 superb; all the books bound in red morocco with coat- 
 of-arms in gold. Only the family and a nice homely 
 dejeuner. Then father returned with the Due to the 
 library to smoke and to get some political information 
 from him. We left at 3 o'clock for Paris and arrived 
 late. . . . 
 
 Oh, beautiful Paris ! I am so glad to get back. . . . 
 
 63
 
 18151 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 MARCH 2: PARIS 
 
 The Due de Choiseul Praslin called to-day and told father 
 his Majesty wished for an interview unofficial. It is a 
 delicate matter, as father feels, until he has been to 
 London, that his mouth is closed. . . . 
 We are lodged in a quiet little hotel in the Rue de 
 Monsieur. Father will not spend any money unneces- 
 sarily as his expenses are paid by his Government. His 
 strong idea is that the representative of a republic should 
 not make any show or be ostentatious, saying, "It is 
 only the vulgar nouveaux riches that do that." . . . 
 
 MARCH 3, 1815 
 
 We were received privately this morning by the King. 
 Only the Duchesse d'Angouleme was present. She 
 looked very sad. 
 
 The King moved to the embrasure of a window, 
 motioning to father to follow him; they remained in 
 conversation for a quarter of an hour. Amongst other 
 things his Majesty intimated a wish that father would 
 be sent as Minister to Paris, adding, "You must not 
 forget that your family belonged to France before you 
 belonged to America." The Duchess talked to me 
 most graciously, asked me about my mother, and said, 
 "You are too young to begin political life." I assured 
 her I was seventeen. She exclaimed, "Mais c'est un 
 bebe." . . . 
 
 Monsieur David, the great artist, has requested father 
 to allow me to pose to him for Cupid. Father has 
 consented, and I sit to-morrow. . . . 
 
 MARCH 4, 1815 
 
 A day of great excitement. News has reached Paris that 
 
 Napoleon had made his escape from Elba and was at a 
 
 little village called Cannes; that he had been received 
 
 with acclamation. 
 
 The King and Royal Family went to the opera and 
 
 had a great reception. . . . 
 
 64
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 MARCH 5 
 
 Great consternation. Courier after courier arriving; 
 
 all news suppressed. . . . 
 
 MARCH 6, 1815 
 
 No news further than we had yesterday. They say the 
 King is very calm. I saw him driving in state to-day. . . . 
 Sat for my portrait — that is, like a model, I had to 
 pose nude. . . . 
 
 MARCH 10 
 
 The Emperor is marching on Paris, gathering men on 
 his way. Some say he has already one hundred thou- 
 sand. ... 
 
 MARCH 11 
 
 All sorts of wild reports: one does not know what to 
 believe. . . . 
 
 MARCH 14 
 
 The Emperor was at Grenoble on the 7th with over 
 
 one hundred thousand men. . . . 
 
 MARCH 16 
 
 The Emperor marching steadily on to Paris — acclaimed 
 everywhere. Father says the Royal Family will leave 
 Paris in a few days. He has private information, but 
 has not told me any details. I walk about all day. 
 Bands of young men shouting "Vive I'Empereur." It 
 is very exciting. . . . 
 
 MARCH 19 
 
 The King and Royal Family leave Paris to-night. The 
 Emperor, with a huge army, is expected at Fontainebleau 
 to-morrow. The people in the streets look depressed 
 and uncertain what to do. Father has told me to remain 
 indoors. . . . 
 
 65
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 MARCH 20: PARIS. 11.30 
 
 The Emperor arrived this evening; most of the Imperial 
 Family were at the Tuilleries to greet him. All day the 
 greatest confusion — officers and their staff, couriers, 
 messengers, &c., galloping wildly about the streets. 
 Great carts of baggage and furniture. It is very amusing: 
 most of the shops closed, the cafes crammed, chairs even 
 put out in the streets. Orators standing on tables 
 making speeches; roars of "Vive I'Empereur," "Vive 
 le petit Caporal." I don't know if it is genuine or not, 
 the French are so excitable. The American Minister 
 sent the Stars and Stripes for father to hang on the 
 balcony, for protection in case of trouble. I saw the 
 Emperor arrive, thousands and thousands cheering him. 
 I got wedged in the crowd and carried along with it. . . . 
 
 MARCH 21 
 
 People seem mad with joy. What turncoats the French 
 are ! Dense crowds surrounding the Tuilleries all day. 
 I saw several of the Imperial Family driving. . . . 
 
 MARCH 22 
 
 There is to be a gala performance at the opera — the night 
 
 not yet decided upon. The Emperor drove out to-day 
 
 and was received with enthusiasm everywhere. 
 
 We are leaving shortly for London. Father fears there 
 
 may be trouble, which might delay our journey. . . . 
 
 MARCH 23 
 
 The performance at the opera to-night. I am going. . . . 
 
 MARCH 24 
 
 The scene was superb. For fully twenty minutes the 
 audience yelled when the Emperor appeared; I yelled too. 
 He is fat, looks very dull, tired, and bored. 
 I had another sitting to-day for Monsieur David, 
 
 66
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 MARCH 25 
 
 We see but few people; all our friends seem to vanish 
 
 like magic. 
 
 A distracted letter from Madame de Stael to-day. She 
 
 seems in great trouble about everything, particularly 
 
 her fortune. 
 
 Father will answer her under cover to Monsieur Naville, 
 
 as he fears a letter addressed to her might not reach 
 
 her. . . . 
 
 MARCH 26 
 
 The people are settling down as far as one can see. Father, 
 through Monsieur David, has bought one or two beautiful 
 pictures at a very low sum — a head of a "Madonna" 
 on wood panel cut out of a large picture by Murillo, a 
 fine Paolo Veronese, the subject Queen Esther before 
 Ahasuerus, a portrait of Mile de Lafayette by Mignard, 
 and a lovely head by Greuze. I don't think father will 
 approve of my picture Monsieur David Is painting; it 
 is L' Amour et Psyche. I have not seen the model but 
 would like to. She must be very pretty, only seventeen. 
 We are not to pose together. . . . 
 
 MARCH 28 
 
 My last sitting, as we leave for England in a few days. 
 
 MARCH 29 
 
 The Emperor sent an aide-de-camp requesting an inter- 
 view with father, purely on some financial matters. It 
 places him in a most awkward position; he regrets he 
 did not leave for England sooner. . . . 
 
 MARCH 30 
 
 The audience at 10.30 this morning. I am not to go. 
 Father was not at all pleased with his interview. He 
 says the Emperor was brusque — that his speech is most 
 vulgar. Joseph Bonaparte was present. I had better 
 quote father's own words: "The Emperor first asked 
 my advice on important financial matters, to which I 
 
 67
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 gave my frank opinion. He then began to question me 
 about Canada, also the slave trade. I replied, 'Sire, 
 my position is such that on these subjects my lips are 
 at present sealed.' He abruptly said, 'Then why did 
 you come here?' Bowing, I answered, 'I obeyed your 
 Majesty's command out of respect for the ruler of France, 
 but as an envoy from the United States to England I 
 am not my own master.' The Emperor, turning his 
 back on me, walked to a window; I having backed out 
 of the room, so ended our interview." . . . 
 
 MARCH 31 
 
 We are leaving to-morrow for London. Father thinks 
 
 it is wiser. . . . 
 
 APRIL 1: PARIS 
 
 We could not start after all — some difficulty about our 
 passports. It seems we cannot leave until the 3rd. 
 Father is much put out. He had a letter to-day from 
 Lord Castlereagh. Mr. Adams is Minister to England. 
 I will be very glad to see him again. . . . 
 
 APRIL 2 
 
 I saw the Emperor to-day riding with a great stafT of 
 officers. He certainly has a most powerful face. I 
 went to the Fran^ais last night. We leave early to- 
 morrow. . . . 
 
 APRIL 3: MANTES 
 
 Our first stopping-place. Arrived in time to go to bed. 
 Ugly country. ... I wrote a long letter home, as father 
 has an offer to take letters from le Havre. . . . 
 
 APRIL 4: LES ANDELYS 
 
 A long weary day. There was some mistake about our 
 relay of horses and we were detained three hours. We 
 go by Rouen, as father wants me to see the cathedral. 
 He need not arrive in London until the 10th. . . . 
 
 68
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 APRIL 5: ROUEN 
 
 Arrived here too late to see anything. . . . 
 
 APRIL 6: ROUEN 
 
 I have been all over the cathedral; it is very beautiful. 
 Joan of Arc was burned here. We leave at 11 
 o'clock. . . . 
 
 APRIL 7: LE HAVRE 
 
 We embarked at once. Awfully rough. Such a miserable 
 
 little packet ! Only one cabin, and horrid odours of 
 
 onions frying. I have gone under. . . . 
 
 APRIL 9: DOVER 
 
 An awful passage. Father has posted up to London, 
 leaving me here to recover. I will leave to-morrow. . . . 
 
 APRIL 10: LONDON 
 
 We have been lent such a nice house in St. James's 
 Street and all the servants. I have not seen father 
 yet. . . . 
 
 APRIL 11 
 
 Mr. Adams does not arrive to take up his post until 
 next month. 
 
 Mr. Bayard is appointed Minister to Russia but he is 
 too ill to accept it. He is in Paris. . . . 
 
 APRIL 12 
 
 I am very busy now as I have all sorts of documents to 
 copy and file. I also have to go with father to take 
 notes. All settling of negotiations is at present entirely 
 carried out by him, so the work is very heavy. Lord 
 Castlereagh is most gracious, even friendly. Our position 
 in London is quite different now; I think I will enjoy 
 myself. Mr. Clay arrives in a few days. The season 
 has not yet commenced but people are returning to town. 
 
 69
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 I have been specially enjoined not to record any gossip 
 in my diary — to confine it as much as possible to interest- 
 ing facts. Father dislikes gossip and tittle-tattle, saying 
 it is only fit for idle women. I am having a fine dress 
 made to be presented in May. . . . 
 
 APRIL 16: LONDON 
 
 I went to St, Paul's Cathedral and the Tower of London 
 to-day; the latter is most interesting. 
 All we can do now is to go thoroughly into the following 
 matters awaiting Mr. Adams' arrival: Colonial policy; 
 regulating traffic with Canada; opening the St. Lawrence 
 River to us; impressment and blockade in times of war; 
 trade with West Indies and Nova Scotia; trade between 
 India, Europe, and the United States. Father wishes 
 to have everything ready, so as to be able to put matters 
 clearly before the other delegates when all have assembled. 
 Of course, he is anxious to go home, as he has been absent 
 over two years. . . . 
 
 APRIL 20: LONDON 
 
 We are invited to pay a visit to the Duke of Devonshire 
 at Chatsworth, also to Lord Saye and Sele at Broughton 
 Castle. I went to see a cock-fight yesterday and did 
 not like it; I will not go again. We dine and sup out 
 a great deal. I cannot stand the hours they sit at the 
 table drinking port and Madeira. At some houses they 
 have round shallow silver trays on wheels holding the 
 bottles, which are pushed round the table. I have 
 never been accustomed to drink anything but claret and 
 water, so I have to sit quiet doing nothing and listening 
 to subjects discussed which are far beyond me. 
 
 APRLL 26: BROUGHTON CASTLE 
 
 This is a most interesting old castle surrounded by a 
 moat with a drawbridge. The hall is full of armour 
 which was fished out of the moat. My bedroom has a 
 
 70
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 sliding panel which opens on the chapel below; other' 
 rooms have the same. It is to hear early prayers without 
 leaving one's room. ... 
 
 APRIL 29: CHATSWORTH 
 
 We arrived here on Friday. A superb palace. His 
 Grace is so handsome, such great dignity of manner 
 and so kind and gracious. He is only twenty-five. Every- 
 thing on a splendid scale. They say he will never marry 
 as there is some doubt about his birth^ — that he is a 
 changeling. We return to London on Tuesday. Father 
 anxious to get back. ... 
 
 APRIL 30: CHATSWORTH 
 
 There is a very large party stopping here; I cannot get 
 hold of all the names. One very great lady is the Mar- 
 chioness of Stafford; she is Countess of Sutherland in 
 her own right. Like all well-born people I have met she 
 is most simple, gracious, and charming. She seems to 
 take an interest in everything and is most kind to me. 
 She took me all over the house, pointing out the pictures 
 and telling me their history. She was a great friend 
 of the unfortunate Queen Marie Antoinette. She has 
 the greatest admiration for Madame de Stael and was 
 much interested in my account of our visit to Coppet. 
 She laughed at the dedication to "Cupidon" in my copy 
 of "Corinne" and calls me "Cupid." I am going to dye 
 my hair black. The ladies are very fine at night and 
 wear wonderful jewels. 
 
 We visited some splendid places to-day. Everything is 
 done in such great state. Poor father is so bored; 
 I like it. 
 
 MAY 1: CHATSWORTH 
 
 We leave to-day. His Grace is putting a fine coach 
 at our disposal with relays of horses all the way to 
 London . . . 
 
 71
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 MAY 3: LONDON 
 
 Mr. Adams arrives shortly. We found quantities of 
 invitations. 
 
 Dined with Mr. Alexander Baring. His wife was Miss 
 Bingham from Philadelphia, her father a Senator. Mr. 
 Frederick Robinson,* Vice-President of the Board of Trade, 
 was one of the guests. He takes Lord Gambler's place. 
 He seems most affable — a contrast to Lord Gambler, 
 who reminded me of a fire cracker which would never 
 go off but was always sputtering (I am forbidden to 
 express my opinions). Lord Landsdowne and Lord Grey, 
 very important personages, were also present. We are 
 to be presented privately to the Regent on Saturday. . . . 
 
 MAY 5: LONDON, SATURDAY 
 
 We were received by the Regent at 12 o'clock. Carlton 
 House is very fine but the furniture, &c., is too 
 showy. The Regent and two of his brothers received 
 us. The former is very handsome and dignified but is 
 fat. He was superbly dressed, his brothers as well. 
 Father made such a contrast in his black shorts, white 
 silk stockings, and black coat wath his white choker. 
 The Prince has the most charming manners; he was 
 most affable. I was in my new clothes — yellow breeches, 
 white stockings, and a dark-blue coat embroidered in 
 gold. He patted me on the cheek and said with a laugh, 
 "You will break some hearts." Everything was done 
 with the greatest tact — ^no mention of politics, simply a 
 wish expressed that we should enjoy our sojourn in 
 England. The audience lasted half an hour. 
 I forgot to mention that a Royal carriage was sent to 
 take us to the palace. There were three footmen behind 
 and father's chasseur, in green with cock's feathers in 
 his hat, stood on the step. We had to have a chasseur 
 as father is "Special Ambassador to England." We never 
 
 * Frederick John Robinson. Created Viscount Goderich, April 28, 
 1827, and Earl of Ripon, April 13, 1833. 
 
 72
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 drive out without him, and when we walk in the Mall 
 he is always behind father. . . . 
 
 MAY 9: THURSDAY 
 
 Very busy writing. I have been to two balls and a rout. 
 What a funny thing the latter is. You crawl up the 
 staircase, bow to your hosts at the top, and crawl down 
 again with your clothes torn off your back. They call 
 that pleasure. We dine to-morrow with the Duke of 
 Wellington. . . . 
 
 MAY 11: SATURDAY 
 
 A very fine dinner. Gold and silver plate superb. It 
 lasted four hours. Everybody of note was present — 
 all the Ministry. Of course, I was much interested. I 
 sat next to Lord Grey. He did not talk but snapped out 
 sentences; his mouth is like a mouse-trap. All the 
 servants, they say, were bailiffs. There is so much 
 splendour and so much absolutely degrading poverty in 
 London. Neither in Paris nor Washington have I seen 
 anything of the kind. . . . 
 
 MAY 13: MONDAY 
 
 Mr. Adams has arrived and we go to serious work. . . . 
 
 MAY 15: WEDNESDAY 
 
 A very long interview to-day; all delegates present. 
 Mr. Robinson and father continually poured oil on the 
 troubled waters. Serious matters were discussed, then 
 dropped to be brought up again. They meet again on 
 Friday. . . . 
 
 MAY 17: FRIDAY 
 
 Mr. Adams is really a thorn; he is so absolutely "Yankee" 
 and of a common type. Why he is Minister here I 
 cannot understand. He is totally unfitted for the post. 
 He bursts out at times, upsetting everybody and every- 
 thing. Father looks at him with tightly compressed 
 
 73
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 lips. I fear some day he will wither him; now he only 
 makes a clever joke which restores peace. I can see 
 the contempt on the faces of the English delegates; 
 they are so courteous and civil. ... 
 
 MAY 18 
 
 Father had a long personal interview with Lord Castle- 
 reagh to-day. They have both agreed that this is the 
 wiser method to pursue. Lord C. told him they did more 
 in an hour than, when all met, in a week. Father has 
 the same confidence in his lordship's wonderful quickness 
 in grasping matters, also his sound good sense of justice 
 that Lord C. seems to reciprocate. 
 
 MAY 20: LONDON 
 
 Since the signing of the treaty at Ghent there have been 
 a series of leaders in the Times inspired by the war party, 
 of the most bitter character. Of course, they have 
 annoyed me very much. Father has spoken to me 
 several times on the subject with his calm good sense. 
 He says this is inevitable — to be regretted, but unworthy 
 of notice. 
 
 Lord Castlereagh has assured him that when he received 
 the news of the signing of the treaty at Vienna he was 
 overjoyed. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington and Lord Liverpool have 
 expressed the same sentiments. What has pleased me 
 more than anything else is that these three great men have 
 unreservedly acknowledged that to his good sense, 
 moderation, and firmness the signing of the treaty was 
 due. He has no vanity, but feels it is a reward for all 
 the personal sacrifices he has made. 
 
 1VL4Y 23 
 
 There is a great activity in military circles; evidently 
 the allies are determined to crush Napoleon once and for 
 all. All this delays us. Father says the climax one 
 
 74
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 way or the other must soon arrive. He is a little anxious, 
 but says little. . . . 
 
 IMAY 26 
 
 Wild rumours of all sorts of what the Emperor is going 
 
 to do or try to do. Father fears a great financial crisis. . . . 
 
 MAY 28 
 
 There is but one absorbing topic, "Napoleon" ! 
 
 "Boney"!!! 
 
 JUNE 7: LONDON 
 
 Father received a detailed account of the great ceremony 
 in the Champs de Mars. There was first a solemn Mass, 
 then the Emperor swore fidelity to the New Constitution. 
 He was dressed in the Imperial robes of state. His 
 brothers wore Court dresses of white velvet embroidered 
 in gold, short capes of the same material powdered with 
 golden bees, and caps with masses of white ostrich feathers. 
 The Emperor distributed the eagles to the various regi- 
 ments. At that moment a terrific thunderstorm broke 
 and this, together with the repeated salutes of artillery, 
 made a most impressive, if not theatrical, scene. In a 
 box next to the throne were all the Imperial princesses 
 with their children. I wish I had seen all this. . . . 
 
 JUNE 12 
 
 But little news. Messrs. Bayard and Crawford sail in 
 the Neptune on the 18th. Father is forced to remain 
 to sign the treaty. Always some new obstacle crops up. 
 Mr. Adams impossible. 
 
 JUNE 15 
 
 Great news. Napoleon left Paris last Monday; tbey say 
 
 he is marching on Brussels. . . . 
 
 JUNE 17 
 
 News arrives only to be contradicted, but the fact remains 
 the Emperor is sweeping all before him. Father only 
 
 75
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 seems troubled about the financial crash which is sure to 
 follow if Napoleon is victorious. . . . 
 
 JUNE 18 
 
 Great anxiety. Consols have fallen terribly. I have 
 never seen greater depression; everybody one sees 
 seems frightened. A rumour to-day that a battle had 
 been fought and that the Duke of Wellington was crushed; 
 to-night that is contradicted. One cannot believe any- 
 thing. They say Monsieur Rothschild has mounted 
 couriers from Brussels to Ostend and a fast clipper ready 
 to sail the moment something is decisive one way or the 
 other. . . . 
 
 JUNE 25, 1815 
 
 The last few days have been so intoxicating that I have 
 not had a moment to write in my diary. When the 
 news was confirmed of the great victory of the Duke of 
 Wellington at Waterloo London went mad and I with it. 
 People I had never seen before rushed up to me in the 
 streets and shook me violently by the hand. Father 
 now says we will have a long and lasting peace — that 
 Napoleon will be obliged to abdicate, that his star has 
 fallen. Many people have been ruined and others have 
 made large fortunes. He is a little annoyed at the 
 desertion of Messrs. Bayard and Crawford, who have 
 sailed in the Neptune, leaving us to get home as best 
 we can. . . . 
 
 JUNE 26 
 
 The Emperor has arrived in Paris. It seems he wanted 
 to be killed but his marshals forced him into a carriage, 
 as they feared he might be taken prisoner. . . . 
 
 JUNE 27 
 
 We are nearing the completion of the Treaty of Commerce, 
 and it is to be signed in a day or two. . . . 
 
 76
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 JUNE 28 
 
 Father had a farewell audience with the Regent. I did 
 
 not go. Mr. Baring is most kind to us. . . . 
 
 JUNE 29 
 
 Of course, Mr. Adams is retarding matters with his pig- 
 headedness. Mr. Robinson is so entirely different, so 
 suave and conciliatory. Father is perfectly satisfied 
 with the conditions of the treaty. . . . 
 
 JUNE 30 
 
 Father has decided to leave London on July 4, on our 
 way home. My mother is not well. We have secured 
 a good ship. . . . 
 
 JULY 2 
 
 The treaty signed to-day but not without difficulty. 
 Mr. Adams at the last moment wished to make all sorts 
 of alterations. Father agreed to some of them, and 
 Mr. Robinson also; if it had been- Mr. Goulburn or 
 Adams they would not have agreed so easily. Mr. 
 Robinson has been most charming in every way. We 
 dine for the last time with Mr. Baring. . . . 
 
 JULY 3 
 
 We are actually off to-morrow. All the Barings were 
 so kind. The dinner was delightful and we parted 
 with them with deep regret. I will be glad to get 
 home; after all it is my home and I love it. But I 
 want to come back. Homme propose mais Dieu 
 dispose. 
 
 77
 
 PART III 
 
 THE MINISTRY IN FRANCE 
 
 FROM THE RESTORATION OF THE BOURBONS TO THE 
 ASSASSINATION OF THE DUG DE BERRI 
 
 NOVEMBER 1815— JULY 1820 
 
 NOVEMBER 23, 1815: NEW YORK 
 
 Much to my regret, father has written to-day declining 
 the mission to France. Lately he seems to have got an 
 idea in his head that he must devote his attention to 
 making money for his children. Mamma is greatly dis- 
 appointed as well as Frances; they had been looking 
 forward to the gaieties of Paris life after all I had told 
 them. Albert does not care; he would prefer to live 
 in the backwoods. 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to THOMAS JEFFERSON 
 
 New York, November 27, 1815 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 On my return from Washington I found your 
 welcome letter of October 16, which my friends here, 
 daily expecting my return, had kept instead of forwarding 
 it. 
 
 Our opinion of Bonaparte is precisely the same. In 
 that Lafayette's and the opinion of every friend of rational 
 liberty in France did coincide. The return of that man 
 was generally considered by them as a curse. Notwith- 
 standing the blunders and rooted prejudices of the 
 Bourbons, the alienation of the army and the absolute 
 want of physical force had made them, upon the whole, 
 
 78
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 
 harmless, and as soon as the termination of the Congress* 
 would hav^e left France independent of foreign interference, 
 they must in the course of things either have been overset 
 or have governed according to public opinion. After 
 Bonaparte's restoration, it was hoped to pursue a similar 
 course; others, placing confidence in the declarations 
 of the Allies, hoped to get rid both of him and of the 
 Bourbons. All saw the necessity of defending the 
 country against foreign invasion, but the fatal catastrophe 
 was not, to its full extent, anticipated by any. I call it 
 a catastrophe with an eye only to the present; for, 
 exhausted, degraded, and oppressed as France now is, 
 I do not despair of her ultimate success in establishing 
 her independence and a free form of Government. The 
 people are too enhghtened to submit long to any but a 
 military despotism. What has lately passed was a scene 
 in the drama, perhaps necessary to effect a radical cure 
 of that love of conquest which had corrupted the nation 
 and made the French oppressors abroad and slaves at 
 home. As to independence, we have the recent instance 
 of Prussia, which, w^ith far inferior population, resources, 
 or intellect, arose in two years from almost annihilation 
 to the rank of a preponderating Power. But to return 
 to Bonaparte: I lament to see our republican editors 
 so much dazzled by extraordinary actions or carried 
 away by natural aversion to our only dangerous enemy 
 as to take up the cause of that despot and conqueror, 
 and to represent him as the champion of liberty who has 
 been her most mortal enemy, where hatred to republican 
 systems was founded on the most unbounded selfishness 
 and on the most hearty contempt for mankind. I really 
 wish that you would permit me to publish, or rather that 
 you would publish, your opinions on that subject. This 
 might have a tendency to correct those which are daily 
 published, and which do injury to our cause at home, 
 and to our country abroad. 
 
 * At Vienna and the dissolution of the CoaUtion. 
 79
 
 1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Under different circumstances, without having any 
 wish for a foreign mission or a residence in France, 
 I might have accepted the appointment of Minister there. 
 But, satisfied that nothing can at this moment be effected 
 in that country, and it being very reluctant to my feeUngs 
 to be on a mission to a degraded monarch and to a nation 
 under the yoke of foreign armies, I thought that I might, 
 without any breach of pubHc duty or of private gratitude, 
 consult my own convenience, and I have accordingly 
 officially informed our Government that I declined 
 altogether the appointment. . p 
 
 NOVEMBER 27 
 
 I had a long conversation with father this morning. For 
 the first time he told me of Mr. John Jacob Astor's most 
 generous offer to take him into partnership, with a fifth 
 share in a business whose profits were $100,000 a year. 
 His reasons for refusing were, although he respected 
 Mr. Astor, he never could place himself on the same level 
 with him. I am not surprised, as Astor was a butcher's 
 son at Waldorf — came as an emigrant to this country 
 with a pack on his back. He peddled furs, was very 
 clever, and is, I believe, one of the kings of the fur trade. 
 He dined here and ate his ice-cream and peas with a 
 knife. 
 
 DECEMBER 6 
 
 He showed me a letter from Mr. Monroe again urging 
 him to accept the French mission. It is in the most 
 flattering terms and begs father not to withdraw from 
 political life — that he is by far the finest diplomatist we 
 have, that anything would be safe in his hands. 
 I did hope he was going to tell me he would accept, 
 but when I ventured to ask him his answer was: "I 
 must think of making proper provision for my family. 
 I am getting old." 
 
 80
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 
 DECEMBER 19 
 
 Another letter from Mr. Monroe urging father to recon- 
 sider the mission to France. We all want him to, but we 
 know perfectly well it is wise for us not to say anything. I 
 honestly feel I would much prefer to live in either France 
 or England — all is so crude in this country. The two 
 years I spent in Russia, France, and England have 
 unfitted me for America. 
 
 DECEMBER 26 
 
 Father has just brought another letter to copy. 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to JAMES MONROE 
 
 New York, December 26, 1815 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have received your friendly letters of the 4th 
 and 16th instant, and have a grateful sense of the motives 
 which dictated them, I can assure you that I feel a 
 great reluctance to part with my personal and political 
 friends, and that every consideration merely personal 
 to myself and detached from my family urges a con- 
 tinuance in public life. My habits are formed and cannot 
 be altered. I feel alive to everything connected with 
 the interest, happiness, and reputation of the United 
 States. Whatever affects unfavourably either of them 
 makes me more unhappy than any private loss or incon- 
 venience. Although I have nothing to do with it, the 
 continual suspension of specie payments, which I con- 
 sider as a continued unnecessary violation of the public 
 faith, occupies my thoughts more than any other subject. 
 I feel as a passenger in a storm — vexed that I cannot 
 assist. This I understand to be very generally the 
 feeling of every statesman out of place. Be this as it 
 may, although I did and do believe that for the present 
 at least I could not be of much public utility in France, 
 I did in my private letter to the President place my 
 declining on the ground of private considerations. In 
 
 81
 
 1816] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 that respect my views are limited to the mere means of 
 existence without falling in debt. I do not wish to 
 accumulate any property. I will not do my family the 
 injury of impairing the little I have. My health is frail; 
 they may soon lose me, and I will not leave them depend- 
 ent on the bounty of others. Was I to go to France, 
 and my compensation and private income (this last 
 does not exceed $2500 a year) did not enable me to live 
 as I ought, I must live as I can. I ask your forgiveness 
 for entering in those details, but you have treated me as 
 a friend and I write to you as such. You have from 
 friendship wished that I w^ould reconsider my first 
 decision, and I will avail myself of the permission. It 
 will be understood that in the meanwhile, if the delay 
 is attended with any public inconvenience, a new appoint- 
 ment may immediately take place. My motive for 
 writing when I did was a fear that, specially with respect 
 to other missions, the belief that I would go to France 
 might induce the President to make different arrange- 
 ments from those he would have adopted on a contrary 
 supposition. . . . 
 
 Albert Gallatin 
 
 JANUARY 2, 1816 
 
 I really believe he is going to change his mind after all. 
 Mamma does not mention the subject but sighs deeply 
 at intervals. Frances declared at breakfast it was useless 
 for her to go on with her French as they were not going 
 to Paris. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 2 
 
 Hurrah ! everything couleur de rose. I wrote the letter 
 accepting the French mission for him at his dictation. 
 Mr. Monroe had written him the most pressing letter on 
 the 27th of last month, begging for an immediate reply 
 one way or the other. All I say to them at home is, 
 "Faites vos paquets, mesdames." . . . 
 
 82 
 
 i
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1816 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to JAMES MONROE 
 
 accenting the mission to France 
 
 New York, February 2, 1816 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have just received your letter of 27th ult., and 
 have at last concluded to avail myself of the permission 
 given me to accept again the mission to France. I am 
 duly sensible of yours and the President's kindness in 
 having kept the question so long opened, and hope you 
 will find an apology for my hesitation in the importance, 
 at my age, of a decision which must so materially affect 
 the prospects for life of my wife and children. I believe 
 with you that the chance of Congress making any addi- 
 tional allowance to Foreign Ministers is not the better 
 on account either of the present incumbents or of the 
 state of suspense in which some of the important missions 
 are now kept. On what may hereafter be done no 
 reliance can be placed. I calculate only on what now 
 exists, and mean, as I before stated, to regulate my 
 expenses accordingly. If I find it impracticable to live 
 without encroaching on my small property, I will beg 
 permission to return. I believe an additional compen- 
 sation to be much more important to the United States 
 than to the individual. 
 
 I have still some private arrangements to complete, 
 which will not, however, detain me long, and I will be 
 ready to repair to Washington, for the purpose of reading 
 the former correspondence and receiving your instruc- 
 tions, at any time you may be pleased to appoint. It will 
 best suit my convenience to have a short time allowed 
 me on my return from Washington. I will, in the 
 meanwhile, wait for your answer. 
 
 I beg you to present Mrs. G.'s and my best respects 
 to Mrs. M. and to Mrs. Hay, and to believe me, with 
 sincere respect and esteem, truly yours. 
 
 You will have the goodness to return or destroy the 
 
 83
 
 1816] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 letter in which I had declined the appointment, as it 
 should not remain on the files of the office. 
 
 Albert Gallatin 
 
 JAMES MONROE to ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 Washington, February 13, 1816 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 We were much gratified to find by your last letter 
 that you accepted the mission to France. I have not 
 wished to take you from your affairs, which I am con- 
 vinced must require your unremitted attention before 
 your departure; but I now think that the sooner you 
 come here the better it will be. It is known that you 
 have accepted the mission, and an early visit here will 
 produce a good effect. The prospect of obtaining an 
 augmentation, in the modes heretofore suggested, of the 
 salary is improved by the acceptance; and, being here, 
 the opportunity you will have of conferring with Mr. Clay 
 and Mr. Crawford on the subject, and interesting them 
 in it, will give to our exertions much aid. This you may 
 afford, in the present state, with perfect delicacy. Every- 
 thing will be done to accommodate your views, in the 
 time of your departure, that circumstances will permit. 
 Your former letter was not filed in the Department. 
 I will return it to you when we meet. Our best regards 
 to Mrs. Gallatin. 
 
 With great respect and esteem. 
 
 Sincerely yours. 
 
 James Monroe 
 
 APRIL 13 
 
 Bother ! I wish people would let him alone. They now 
 offer him the Treasury; again all our plans are at a 
 standstill.
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1816 
 APRIL 18 
 
 He will not accept. He says his arrangements to go to 
 France are too far advanced to be changed at this last 
 moment. He also has some very important business to 
 settle in Geneva. The family bourse has accumu- 
 lated for so long, and now is such a large sum, he thinks 
 something should be done with it. He is the only male 
 Gallatin in the world and the Gallatin women have no 
 claim to it; there are several of them married in Geneva 
 of the different branches. Anyhow, to France we go. 
 
 MAY 25 
 
 I have been on board the Peacock (Captain Rogers), 
 which is fitting out to take us as soon as possible. The 
 captain told me to-day he would be ready June 1, but 
 from the appearance of things I do not believe he will. 
 
 JUNE 2 
 
 Of course, the Peacock is not ready. Here we are all 
 
 packed up and ready; everything most uncomfortable. 
 
 JUNE 7 
 
 The captain has promised father that he will be able 
 
 to sail in two days. All our baggage has been put on 
 
 board. 
 
 JUNE 10: ON BOARD THE PEACOCK 
 
 We are actually off. Such a host of friends to bid us 
 "God-speed." Mamma in tears, Frances in tears, all 
 the maids in tears, and all the female relations in tears. 
 At the present moment mamma and Frances are waving 
 to the receding shore. Albert is busy with the chickens, 
 of which we have a large supply. . . . 
 
 JULY 9: PARIS 
 
 After a very fast passage here we are in Paris. I can 
 hardly believe it is true, and keep rubbing my eyes, 
 thinking I may be asleep and dreaming. 
 
 85
 
 181GJ DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 JULY 10 
 
 Father had an interview with the Due de Richelieu* to-day 
 at 12 o'clock; I was present to take notes. He ex- 
 pressed a most friendly feeling that the French Govern- 
 ment had for the United States — in fact, was most civil, 
 even cordial. 
 
 He seemed anxious to know what our feelings toward 
 England were. Father answered that the two Govern- 
 ments were on excellent terms, but of course there was 
 irritation between the people, which always existed after 
 a war — that he regretted that public journals added 
 fuel to the flame. 
 
 The Duke regretted that the newspapers misrepresented 
 the present government of France. He could not under- 
 stand how most of the English and American papers 
 defended a man who crushed liberty everywhere. 
 The Duke, on leaving, said His Majesty wished father 
 to present his letters of credence to-morrow as the Royal 
 Family were leaving Paris shortly. 
 
 JULY 11 
 
 I accompanied father to the palace to present his letters. 
 I was amazed at our reception, both by the King and 
 the Prince. Our audience was, of course, private. 
 Father presented me. Both the King and the Prince 
 expressed themselves as most friendly towards the 
 United States. "Monsieur,"f the Due d'Angouleme, 
 and the Due de Berri were present. The King is old 
 and very fat. Monsieur is rather handsome; the 
 Due d'Angouleme very stern but with a very kind face; 
 
 * Due de Richelieu (Fernand-Emmanuel-Sophie-Septimanio du 
 Plessis), peer of France. Minister of Foreign Affairs and President of 
 the Council September 26, 1815; died May 17, 1822. 
 
 t "Monsieur" Charles-Philippe de France, Comte d'Artois, brother 
 of the King. He succeeded Louis XVIII as King of France September 
 16, 1824. He reigned under the name of Charles X. His two sons 
 were the Dukes of Angouleme and Berri. 
 
 86
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1816 
 
 the Due de Berri very good-looking and very gay and 
 
 smiling. 
 
 Very great etiquette is maintained. They say the 
 
 King is more strict than even Louis XIV was. We cut 
 
 a sorry sight in our plain black coats and breeches with 
 
 all the splendours of the Court uniforms. 
 
 The King asked about mamma's health, how she had 
 
 borne the journey — is really most kind and gracious. 
 
 Court coaches were sent for us and took us back. Mr. 
 
 Sheldon* followed us in the second coach. 
 
 JULY 30: 21 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE 
 
 I have been all day interviewing servants — tall and short, 
 fat and thin — until I can hardly speak. After sorting 
 out what I considered the best, I had them drawn up 
 for father's approval, which I am glad to say he gave. 
 Major-domo — Gallon by name, a very fine person; 
 two house footmen, Edouard and Alfred; two carriage 
 footmen, Louis and Jean; Chef, Monsieur Ratifar, such 
 a great personage (he brings his own kitchen staff) ; three 
 maids, all pretty— I chose them. I don't know what 
 mamma will say when she sees them. I hate to look at 
 ugly women. 
 
 The house is really very fine entre cours et jardin. 
 Furniture old but very good. We have to supply our 
 own plate and linen. We have to make some alterations, 
 so mamma and Frances have gone to the Lussacs at 
 Versailles. I have my own valet, Lucien, aged twenty- 
 five — a very important person he thinks himself, valet 
 to a Secretary of Embassy. He will call me "Excel- 
 lence." 
 
 AUGUST 2 
 
 All the morning choosing carriages and horses. Of the 
 
 latter we got two pairs, very fine for the "Berline," 
 
 which is all glass in front; this will be for Court and 
 
 * Mr. Sheldon was one of Albert Gallatin's secretaries. 
 
 87
 
 1816] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 state occasions. A very strong "Brichka" for everyday 
 use, a nice stout little pair for it. A cabriolet for me; 
 any of the big horses will go in single. 
 
 AUGUST 6 
 
 We are really in very good order and the servants excel- 
 lent. Madame Patterson Bonaparte has written from 
 Geneva asking if she might be allowed to pay us a visit 
 of a few days. She is on her way to America. She arrives 
 on the 10th. 
 
 Note : The following letter written at this date gives an interesting ac- 
 count of the financial condition of France after Waterloo. 
 
 LETTER from ALBERT GALLATIN to JAMES 
 MONROE AT WASHINGTON 
 
 Paris, August 6, 1816 
 Sir, 
 
 You were informed by my dispatch No. 1 of my 
 arrival in this city on the 9th of last month. On the 
 11th I had audience of the King, to whom I delivered 
 my letters of credence. The reception, both from him 
 and from the princes, was what is called gracious, and 
 accompanied with the usual expressions of most friendly 
 disposition towards the United States. 
 My abode here has been too short to enable me to form 
 any opinion of the prospect we have of succeeding in 
 obtaining the indemnities so justly due to our citizens, 
 and I do not wish to enter into the discussion until I 
 have ascertained as far as practicable the disposition 
 of this Government in that respect. Whatever this may 
 be, the situation of their finances will be a formidable 
 obstacle in our way. That there will be a great deficit 
 this and every succeeding year until the foreign contribu- 
 tions are discharged is notorious. The precise amount 
 of that deficit for this year is not so well known, but, 
 from a source entitled to confidence, has been stated to 
 
 88
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1816 
 
 me as exceeding 350 millions of francs. It is not believed 
 that any practical increase of taxes can produce more 
 than 100 millions. The residue, or 250 millions a year 
 for five years, must therefore remain unpaid, or be 
 provided for by creating new stock. That situation would, 
 indeed, be deplorable in a country where there is no 
 public credit, and where the Treasury cannot raise money 
 in any other manner than by selling their 5 per cent, 
 stock at the market rate, which does not now exceed 
 58 per cent. I still hope that the statement is exagger- 
 ated; but the reliance which seems to be placed on the 
 forbearance of the allied Powers confirms the opinion 
 that the internal resources are not sufficient to meet the 
 foreign demands. 
 
 It has been suggested to me that some classes of claims, 
 particularly that of vessels burnt at sea, would, if pressed 
 by themselves, have a better chance of being admitted; 
 but, unless otherwise instructed, I will not pursue a course 
 which might injure the general mass of our claims. . . . 
 
 Albert Gallatin 
 
 AUGUST 7 
 
 His Majesty has expressed a wish — in fact, a command — 
 that mamma is to be received in private audience, and 
 has fixed the 9th. Fortunately, she has all her frocks 
 ready. She is to be received in the morning. All the 
 corjjs diplomatique have called, and now it is nothing 
 but returning visits. The de Broglies are still with 
 Madame de Stael at Coppet, but are returning to Paris 
 shortly. The Due de la Rochefoucauld d'Enville (a distant 
 relation) has been most kind, and has told father what 
 he ought to do and what he ought not to do. 
 
 AUGUST 10 
 
 Mamma was most graciously received. Father accom- 
 panied her. She had to wear full Court dress at eleven 
 in the morning. She was first received by the King, 
 
 89
 
 1816] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 who spoke English to her, much to her relief. When 
 she retired from the presence she was escorted by Madame 
 de Duras to the apartments of the Duchesse d'Angouleme. 
 It seems it was most trying. She has not yet recovered 
 from the fatigue, as she is not strong. 
 
 AUGUST 11 
 
 Madame Patterson Bonaparte arrived this morning from 
 Geneva. Her baggage nearly filled the antechamber. 
 She is very lovely, but hard in expression and manner. 
 I don't think she has much heart. Her son seems to 
 be her one thought. She had a very long talk with 
 father about his future (her son's) ; she is most ambitious 
 for him. She even has a list of the different princesses 
 who will be available for him to marry: as he is only 
 ten years old, it is looking far ahead. 
 I have but little work to do here. I foresee I will 
 soon be in mischief. Paris is indeed the paradise of 
 young men. 
 
 AUGUST 12, 1816 
 
 Madame Bonaparte's conversation most brilliant. At 
 supper last night she said that when in Paris just after the 
 hundred days, she was at a ball at the British Embassy. 
 She noticed she was much stared at, and that some of 
 the ladies curtsied to her. She asked the Duke of Wel- 
 lington what it meant, and he told her she was taken 
 for Pauline Bonaparte* as she was so strikingly like her, 
 and that people were so amazed at thinking Pauline 
 Bonaparte would have dared come back to France. 
 The Ambassador came up to her at that moment to lead 
 her to supper. This intrigued the company all the 
 more. She is frightfully vain. 
 
 AUGUST 14 
 
 Father had an audience of the King this morning. He 
 suddenly said: "I hear that Madame Jerome Bonaparte 
 
 • Sister of Napoleon, married Prince Borghese. 
 90
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1816 
 
 is with you. Pray express to her our regret she will not 
 come to our Court, but that we know her reasons for 
 not doing so." When father told her she was much 
 gratified, and said, "That Corsican blackguard would 
 not have been so gracious." 
 
 AUGUST 15 
 
 Madame Bonaparte left to-day for Havre to embark for 
 America. She is such an interesting person, we will 
 miss her. She gave mamma a ruby-velvet frock to cut 
 up for Frances. To father she gave a really beautiful 
 turquoise and diamond brooch. He will never wear it, 
 so I will have it. 
 
 AUGUST 17 
 
 We are very busy with documents to be copied to send 
 to America. The Due de Richelieu had a very long 
 conference with father yesterday. The latter likes him 
 so much — admires all his fine qualities, particularly his 
 great simplicity, frugality, and above all his honesty. 
 
 AUGUST 23 
 
 I drove my new "curricle" for the first time to-day. 
 I do not know which was the most proud, myself, Lucien, 
 or the horse. It is rather difficult to drive a spirited 
 horse and to keep taking off one's hat every moment. 
 I have to be on the qui vive not to fail to return a salute; 
 I will do better when I get to know people's faces better, 
 but now I find it most difficult. I saw many lovely 
 ladies, and I flatter myself some of them saw me. I 
 find they notice much more when I am driving than when 
 I am on foot. Moral — always drive. 
 I have just come back from walking in the gardens 
 of the Palais Royal. How pretty Frenchwomen are I 
 I know I shall get into all sorts of scrapes. I don't 
 remember if I noted our visit to Monsieur de Lafayette. 
 He is stopping with a Mr. Parker some distance from 
 
 91
 
 181G] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Paris. He has permission to come to Paris but does 
 not wish to do so at present. His greeting to father 
 was most cordial. We are soon going to see him again. 
 I now find it most difficult to keep up my diary; lately 
 I have neglected it terribly. In the future I will have 
 simply to write when I can find time and from memory. 
 It is work all the morning, receiving for father all kinds 
 and qualities of people; dining out, suppers, theatres, 
 and all sorts and kinds of varied amusements. Hardly 
 time to sleep. 
 
 I have made friends with a charming little danseuse of 
 the opera. Rosette by name. 
 
 A week since I have been able to take up my pen. On 
 Thursday father and mother were commanded to dine 
 with the King — a very great honour it seems, and one 
 reserved for princes and ambassadors. A rather amusing 
 incident happened. After dinner a small reception was 
 held. Amongst the ladies received was a Comtesse de 
 Boigne.* She is the daughter of the Marquis d'Osmond,f 
 ambassador in England. In a loud tone she expressed 
 her astonishment at the presence of Monsieur Gallatin 
 and his wife to the Prince de Conde.| His answer to her 
 was: "His Majesty cannot too highly honour Monsieur 
 Gallatin, as, although representing a -new country, his 
 ancestors had served France for generations and one had 
 been a most honoured and intimate friend of Henri IV."§ 
 It seems this got to the King's ears, who was much 
 annoyed, and when Madame de Boigne made her curtsy 
 he turned his back on her. She called on mamma the 
 next day, and was most gracious and asked too many 
 
 * Charlotte Louise Elenore Adelaide d'Osmond married at the age 
 of sixteen General de Boigne. Separated from him after ten months 
 of married life. He was immensely rich and allowed her a large income. 
 
 t Rene Eustache Marquis d'Osmond, Peer of France, Ambassador 
 in England. 
 
 X R^ne de Conde, bom 1736, Due de Bourbon. 
 
 §See Appendix II. 
 
 92
 
 CASPAR GALLATIN 
 Friend of Henri IV
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 questions. They say she is the mistress of the Due 
 d'Orleans, who is not allowed to come back to France. 
 Madame de Stael has arrived. I went with father to 
 see her to-day; she looks very ill. She had heard of 
 Madame de Boigne's behaviour and was very angry. 
 She said, "That woman is effrontery itself," and "Truth 
 never received her invitation to her christening." Madame 
 Recamier was much amused and told many funny anec- 
 dotes about Madame de B. It seems her husband is an 
 Indian nabob who has property at Chambery. They 
 do not live together but he allows her a large income. 
 Albertine de Broglie was delightful — so glad to see us 
 and is so natural and unaffected. They are looking for 
 a house, but are at present with her mother. . . . 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 Poor neglected diary ! I have broken with Rosette 
 and now dance with the jeunes filles du monde. It is not 
 amusing as I take them back to their mothers when the 
 dance is over. We hardly speak a word. How I hate 
 all this etiquette ! We dined yesterday at the Due 
 de Berri's. They were both most gracious; she is like 
 a spoiled child and has very bad manners. The Duke of 
 Wellington was a guest, and after dinner the Due de Berri 
 spoke most kindly to me. They say he has many friends 
 in the coulisse of the opera. He is so gay and cheerful — ■ 
 such a contrast to his father and uncle. They say the 
 Orleans family will soon return to the Palais Royale 
 and they receive in the most informal manner. A great 
 ball at the Duke of Wellington's. 
 
 It seems the Royal Family were most rude, but that 
 the duke did not pay any attention and rather put them 
 to shame. Some extraordinary English women were 
 present. 
 
 JANUARY 1817 
 
 I am trying to collect my senses as it has been nothing 
 but a whirl of gaiety. Father insisted upon having a 
 
 93
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 supper Christmas Day: Madame de Stael, the de Broglies, 
 Pozzo di Borgo, Baron Humboldt, Constant Rebecque, 
 Monsieur la Place, the Due de Richelieu, Chateaubriand, 
 Due and Duchesse de Clermont-Tonnerre, Rochefoucauld, 
 his son, and a host of others. We sat down thirty-eight. 
 Albert and Frances were allowed to appear on this occa- 
 sion. Mamma had a huge Christmas-tree in one of the 
 drawing-rooms. Small souvenirs for all. As Pozzo was 
 cutting off some of the presents the tree caught fire: 
 de Broglie pulled off his coat, I followed suit, and we 
 smothered the fire before it did much damage. At 
 midnight mamma had had prepared "egg nog" and 
 "apple toddy," and we all drank each other's health 
 in American fashion. Madame de Stael looks very ill. 
 After all our guests had left I slipped off to the Maison 
 Doree — quite a different company. I managed to slip 
 into the house at 6 o'clock without any of the servants 
 seeing me. 
 
 What gaiety there is in Paris this season of the year ! 
 Everybody seems cheerful and happy, and all is >so 
 bright. Father and I dined on Sunday with the Prince 
 and Princess Galitzin. Katinka Galitzin is pretty and 
 full of fun; we get on capitally. She has much more 
 liberty than French girls, being Russian. The son of the 
 Due de Caumont la Force is courting her. In the evening 
 a reception at Court. Mamma had excused herself 
 on the plea of illness, but the fact is her religious prin- 
 ciples will not allow her to go to any big ball or Court 
 on Sunday. It is a little awkward for father as most 
 of the big Court functions are on Sunday. I forgot to 
 mention the splendid ceremony at Notre Dame on 
 Christmas Eve. The cathedral was in complete darkness 
 save for a few dim lamps. As the bell rang twelve strokes 
 a burst of light and the most beautiful singing I ever 
 heard. The crowd was terrific; several women fainted. 
 I was an hour getting out, so was late for a supper at the 
 Doree. Toutes ces "petites dames ! " 
 
 94
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 What a gorgeous New Year ! Visits, visits — nothing 
 but visits. My pockets are empty. Etrennes for all the 
 servants, presents to all the family, not forgetting my 
 coulisse friends, has cleared me out. 
 
 Another Court function on Sunday, which, again on 
 the plea of illness, mamma begged to be excused. His 
 Majesty noticed her absence and most graciously inquired 
 if she were seriously ill. Father, who is so absolutely 
 frank, answered: "Sire, I regret that my wife's religious 
 principles prevent her going to any entertainment on 
 Sunday." The King, instead of being annoyed, answered, 
 "Pray convey our respects to Madame Gallatin, and tell 
 her we honour her principles and her courage." Father 
 was much relieved. 
 
 JANUARY 9 
 
 To our immense surprise, a Court courier arrived this 
 morning to say that his Majesty would in person call 
 at 1.30. No time for any preparations. Father said, 
 "We will receive his Majesty in absolute simplicity, as 
 behoves our republic." He arrived with Monsieur in 
 a very simple coach. Mamma, father, the children, and 
 myself received him under the perron in the courtyard. 
 He is very infirm — apologized for not getting out of the 
 carriage. He handed mamma a large roll which was a 
 very fine engraving of himself. Written in English is 
 "To Madam Gallatin, with all the respect due to a woman 
 who has principles. Signed, Louis." He greatly admired 
 Frances, who really promises to be very beautiful. Her 
 complexion, like mamma's, is absolutely perfect. After 
 much bowing, &c. &c., he drove off. It seems no such 
 honour has ever been conferred by him before. Every- 
 body tells father the King pays more attention to him 
 than to anybody else. Comte de Gallatin, our cousin, 
 the Minister from Wiirtemberg, says he is very jealous. 
 By the way, his story is an odd one. His father was in 
 the service of the Duke of Brunswick when the duke was 
 
 95
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 killed at the Battle of Jena. As he was dying he said 
 to the King of Wiirtemberg, "I leave to you my most 
 trusted friend." The King took him into his service and 
 created him a Count. Unfortunately, this one only has 
 daughters. We are on the most intimate terms with 
 the family. Poor mamma is quite dazed — the whole 
 system of living is so entirely different from that in 
 America; this, coupled with her want of fluency in 
 French, adds to her troubles. Fortunately, we have 
 been able to obtain the services of an excellent house- 
 keeper, Madame Berthal by name — a Russian who speaks 
 every language under the sun. Nothing ever affects 
 father; he is always pleased, and I have never seen him 
 put out at anything. I really believe if he was given 
 his breakfast at midnight, his dinner at 6 a.m., and his 
 supper at midday he would hardly notice the difference. 
 I have just been seeing the footmen, coachmen, &c., 
 in their new liveries. For ordinary occasions, dark blue 
 plush breeches, yellow waistcoats, and dark blue coats 
 with silver buttons, black silk stockings; state liveries, 
 light blue breeches, white silk stockings, yellow waistcoats, 
 and light blue cloth coats with broad silver braid and 
 silver buttons. The latter is exact, as dark blue does not 
 exist in heraldry. 
 
 Father is a little doubtful, fearing Americans may 
 object to so much show, but he feels the Court of France 
 requires it. 
 
 Albert's black, Peter, whom we brought from America, 
 showed the cook how to make buckwheat cakes. This 
 came as a complete surprise. Poor mamma burst out 
 crying when she saw them. Frances is taking dancing 
 lessons. I have learnt to cut a "pigeon's wing" and had 
 a great success at the Galitzin's on Sunday evening. . . . 
 Our cousin, Count Gallatin, is most kind; he and his 
 wife have told mamma all that is required of her at Court. 
 We really are in a strange position. Father represents a 
 new republic, and with all his aristocratic relations here 
 
 9Q
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 much more is expected of mamma, but her manners are 
 so simple and so utterly unaffected that father begs her 
 not to change them in any way. 
 
 An accident happened to mamma's berline to-day. 
 Turning from the Faubourg St. Honore into the Rue des 
 Ecuries d'Artois, one of the hind wheels caught on the 
 high kerb and was wrenched off. Fortunately, the 
 horses are very quiet and were not frightened. Frances 
 was a little cut by the glass of the window she was sitting 
 by. The English Ambassadress was passing at the time, 
 and very kindly insisted upon taking mamma to the 
 Embassy, which is close by. After having Frances' 
 face seen to she drove mamma home; it was most 
 gracious of her. 
 
 • ••••• 
 
 I have made the acquaintance of a young American 
 who is studying painting, Grayson by name. He is 
 going to introduce me to the '^grisette world"; I am 
 looking forward to it. We go to one of the students' 
 balls on Sunday night. I must keep this very quiet, as 
 I fear father would be much annoyed. He does not mind 
 how much I go out in the grand monde but he dislikes 
 anything like low life. He never had a youth himself; 
 he was penned up in Geneva, and when he went to 
 America he lived a simple life in the wild parts. I would 
 not care to do anything to annoy him. 
 My grisette ball was not a success — the fact is, it was 
 not fit for any gentleman to go to; I am not particular 
 but there are limits. The men were much worse than 
 the women. How can they degrade themselves to such 
 an extent ! They left nothing to the imagination. I 
 was determined to stop to the end, and even went to 
 supper at a restaurant at the Halle. I will never forget 
 the horrible orgie. There were Russian, Spanish, Italian, 
 and Prussian students; they might have been wild 
 beasts from their behaviour. This has been a lesson to 
 me; I am glad of the experience and will profit by it. 
 
 97
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 At the Elysee Bourbon last evening there was a little 
 singing vaudeville played by children which was very 
 pretty; then supper, and we danced a contre-danse, 
 which gave me a chance to cut my "pigeon's wings." 
 I cut eight in succession when my turn came as advancing 
 cavalier. Madame de Boigne, in that horrid voice of 
 hers, said, ^'Tres bien, mon jeune Americain." How I 
 dislike that woman ! I cannot help it, she is nothing 
 but pretension. I believe she thinks herself the most 
 important person in France. 
 
 I dined at the Russian Embassy yesterday and made 
 such a fool of myself. It was a delightful dinner, and 
 I took in Princess Katinka Galitzin. There was a large 
 plat monte of nougat. When it was passed to me the 
 other guests had only taken off some of the ornaments. 
 Princess K. wanted some of the nougat, so I boldly stuck 
 it with a silver fork; I did not think it was so brittle — • 
 bang went the whole thing, scattering the nougat in all 
 directions. If the floor had only opened ! Bits of the 
 nougat stuck in the ladies' hair, on their necks and 
 shoulders. I was filled with confusion. Pozzo di Borgo 
 exclaimed, " Voila V Americain qui attaque la citadelle 
 de Russie." This caused a general laugh and put every- 
 body in a good humour. I have not got over it yet. 
 I think the ladies forgave me as I am so young. 
 Mamma is so tiresome. When we were children, every 
 Saturday night we had to take a powder and in the 
 morning a black draught — always administered by 
 mamma in person. She really forgets I am no longer a 
 child; it is all very well for Frances and Albert. I had 
 a bad headache for several days, and asked mamma's 
 maid to give me a powder. To my horror, at 6 o'clock 
 this morning (without knocking) in walked mamma with 
 a black draught in her hand and a frilled nightcap on 
 her head. No use resisting; but as she left the room I 
 said, " Merci, Madame V Amhassadrice." I don't think 
 she quite liked the tone I said it in. . . . 
 
 98
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 TUESDAY 
 
 I am in horrible disgrace. The Russian Ambassador 
 gave mamma a beautiful cat. It is always in a large 
 basket in her boudoir. Yesterday some people were 
 coming to dejeuner. I was early and alone in the boudoir 
 where we always assemble when en petite committee. 
 Mamma had been sent a quantity of Madonna lilies 
 which were in a vase. I do not know what possessed me, 
 but I took one up and commenced to "annunciate" 
 the cat in solemn tones. I had my back to the door, 
 when I suddenly heard my name pronounced — "James," 
 but in such a tone as only mamma can say it. I was 
 saved for the moment by the Due and Duchesse de 
 Clermont-Tonnerre being announced. I hardly dared 
 speak at table as I knew I was in disgrace. Dear mamma's 
 French is very doubtful, and she never can get a name 
 right. There was a pause in the general conversation. 
 She turned to the duke and said, "How is Madame de 
 Bide," meaning Madame de Bude, the grandmother 
 of the duchess. This was really too much for me. I 
 exploded, and fortunately choked, and had hurriedly 
 to leave the table. When I returned naturally I apolo- 
 gized, but I might have fallen into the middle of Stone- 
 henge from the expression of their faces. Only dear 
 father had a twinkle in his eye. He I know will get me 
 out of this scrape. 
 
 Mamma sent for me before supper and I had a mauvais 
 quart d'heure. I humbly apologized and was most re- 
 pentant. I then threw my arms around her and gave her 
 a good hug. She gave me six tracts, one for each day 
 of the week; I promised to read them. The funniest 
 fact of it is that Mourussa, the cat, gave birth to six 
 kittens in the night. I only suggested to father that 
 one might be called Annunciata. He did not answer 
 but looked out of the window. 
 
 I am very sorry for mamma; I can see she is not 
 happy. Father is so occupied that I do not think he 
 
 99
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 notices it. It is hard for her: she speaks so little French, 
 has really no friends whom she cares for, and her position 
 is a very difficult one. The Court is so hemmed in by 
 etiquette to which she is not accustomed. She does not 
 understand the ways of Frenchwomen of the grand 
 monde and is continually shocked. Indeed I am not 
 surprised the only women she finds anything in common 
 with are the ladies of the English Embassy and some 
 of the English residents in Paris. There are few Ameri- 
 cans, and those that are here are mostly in commerce 
 and without education. I went with her two days ago 
 to call on a Mrs. P., the wife of a very rich but common 
 American. They have recently bought a very fine hotel 
 in the Rue de Varennes; they sold all the beautiful old 
 furniture and have refurnished it in execrable taste, but 
 she is evidently very proud of it and insisted upon showing 
 us all the reception-rooms. In one room there was a 
 large bronze replica of a statue by "John of Bologna." 
 For something to say, I admired it. She folded her 
 arms and, with a palpable wink, said, " Bologny done it, 
 but I am going to have pantaloons made for it when I 
 receive." Mamma's face was a study. She relaxed into 
 a smile when the poor woman offered her molasses candy 
 and dough-nuts, saying she made them herself to remind 
 her of home. 
 
 Now that the gaieties are over I am hard at work 
 again; the continual writing, copying of documents, 
 and so forth is very trying. Father cannot pin the 
 Due de Richelieu down to anything definite. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 To father's great delight, Lafayette dined here last week, 
 Baron Humboldt, Madame de Stael, Due and Duchesse 
 Plaisance, Monsieur la Place, Pozzo di Borgo, and the 
 de Broglies. A rather amusing incident. We were all 
 assembled in the drawing-room. Monsieur de Lafayette 
 had not arrived. Monsieur la Place was talking to me 
 
 100
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 when Lafayette was announced. La Place turned very 
 pale. Just as dinner was announced he went up to 
 father begging leave to retire, as he had been ill and 
 felt very faint. It seems he found it impossible to sit 
 at the same table with Lafayette on account of his 
 relations to the Bourbons. This amused Madame de 
 Stael very much, and I think the dinner was gayer 
 without him. Madame Bonaparte has announced her 
 arrival from America in May. 
 
 There has not been a lull in the gaieties, which I thought 
 were over. Invitations keep pouring in. Mamma only 
 accepts those which she is obliged to as it fatigues her so 
 much; father the same, so I have to represent the family 
 on all occasions. When we are at home en famille, 
 which both mamma and father prefer, I find it intolerably 
 dull. They both read or write and rarely speak. Frances 
 goes to bed very early, so does Albert. Mamma retires 
 at 10.30; father sits up nearly all night. About 11 
 o'clock I begin to yawn, and off I go, but not to bed; I 
 generally do not get home until 3 and 4 in the morning. 
 I hate this sort of deception. When I am twenty-one 
 I will openly avow my sins. 
 
 Skating all day on the Petit Lac in the Bois de Bologne; 
 I enjoy it immensely. It seems so funny, hardly any 
 of the French ladies can even stand on their skates. 
 The men are really too absurd. 
 
 A few Russians and Poles skate well, but all are very 
 cheerful. Large bonfires are lighted on the bank so 
 that we can warm ourselves. The Galitzins brought 
 some punch and cakes. They allow their daughter to 
 skate, so do the OurousofFs. No French girls, only 
 married women. The G.'s sent two beautiful sledges 
 that a man can push from behind — one in the shape of 
 a springing tiger, and it is lined with tiger-skin and 
 cushions of the same. The other, a large swan, is most 
 graceful; this is lined with blue velvet. They have only 
 just arrived from Russia. We men in turn push the 
 
 101
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 different ladies about on the ice. I don't think I cared 
 much about it. The King's coach passed at the very 
 fast pace that it is always driven; much to our surprise, 
 it returned and stopped for his Majesty to watch us. 
 We — of course, the men — uncovered, but he most 
 graciously sent one of his gentlemen to say that we were 
 not to notice him but go on with our sport, which he 
 wished to watch. He stopped quite half an hour. It is 
 such a pity that the beautiful Bois de Boulogne has been 
 destroyed ! Most of the fine trees have been cut down 
 and most of the undergrowth. This was done by the 
 soldiers of the Allies. 
 
 I have made some excellent friends of my own age or 
 a little older. The Due de Guiche, the son of the Due 
 de Gramont, Rochefoucauld, whom I knew when I was 
 here in 1815, Balliet La Tour, Puysegur, are my intimates. 
 I have tried to make friends with some of the attaches 
 of the English Embassy, but I am sorry to say they do 
 not seem to care for us but seem to shun us as if we were 
 at war. Later others may come with a different spirit, 
 as they are often changing. Nobody could be more 
 gracious than the Duke of Wellington. Father had met 
 him so often at Madame de Stael's; she has that won- 
 derful gift of bringing people together and putting them 
 at once at their ease. I had what might have been a 
 most unpleasant adventure last evening. I had noticed 
 several times a very pretty what I thought was a grisette 
 in the gardens of the Palais Royal. She didn't seem 
 to mind my rather bold way of staring at her — in fact, 
 she smiled. As I am always ready for adventure, I wrote 
 on a bit of paper asking for a rendezvous. I dropped it 
 just as she was approaching me. I saw her pick it up. 
 She did not look at me, but shortly after a man, raising 
 his hat, handed me a note, only a few words, making 
 an appointment at a house in the Rue St. Honore for 
 10.30 in the evening. Naturally I was there. An old 
 woman met me at the door. Putting her finger to her 
 
 102
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 lips and bidding me to follow her, she mounted to the 
 second floor. Letting us in with a key, I found myself 
 in a most beautiful apartment. She threw open the 
 door, and to my amazement there was my grisette with 
 a child of about two years on her lap and one a year or 
 so older standing by her side. All were beautifully 
 dressed, and sitting by a little table was a man. He 
 rose, and with a bow said, "Monsieur, you are most 
 welcome to our humble home. My wife has kept the 
 children out of bed expressly for you to see them." 
 Imagine my deep mortification. She is Mademoiselle 
 
 R of the Theatre Fran^ais. It was a lesson I will 
 
 not forget and which I richly deserved. They both 
 begged me to honour them with a visit at any time. She 
 knew perfectly well who I was. I will certainly not 
 forget them. We are getting very near Lent now, when, 
 of course, we will be very quiet. I love the spring in 
 Paris — the Champs Elysees is so beautiful with the trees 
 and brilliant sunshine. I have been fencing a great 
 deal lately, not that I anticipate a duel; in fact, I would 
 not be allowed to fight on account of father's position — 
 not that I want to in the least, but I think fencing gives 
 great ease, grace, and balance. I took the children on 
 Sunday to Versailles. The great fountains played. I 
 took Frances to see them; they are a wonderful sight. 
 Of course, mamma would not go, as it was Sunday. We 
 lost Albert and did not find him for several hours. When 
 he appeared he had his hat covered with insects and 
 butterflies on pins that he had caught. I made him 
 throw them all away. He is really incorrigible; he 
 ought to be sent to a boarding-school or college. 
 
 MARCH 1817 
 
 Now that Lent has come we have much more leisure, 
 no Court entertainments of any kind. Father has received 
 an intimation that he will be required to go to the 
 Netherlands in July to help Mr. Eustace in his negotiations 
 
 103
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 re indemnity, &c. &c. He does not care much about 
 going but never shirks his duty. I will go with him. 
 Madame de Stael is very ill. She sent for father to-day 
 and had a long conference with him, principally about 
 her property. He had advised her to place all her 
 monetary affairs in the hands of IVIonsieur Rothschild 
 of London. She did not take his advice at the time 
 and now repents it. It seems she is much troubled 
 about what she should do for ]\Ir. Rocca (her husband). 
 Her great love for her daughter is overwhelming; she 
 wants to leave her the bulk of her property. At one 
 moment — strong woman as she is — she talks of approach- 
 ing death; the next moment of the house she has taken 
 and the entertainments she intends to give. Madame 
 Recamier has a beautiful hotel in the Rue de (illegible). 
 She receives on Thursday evenings, always reclining on 
 a chaise-longue. She is certainly very brilliant and witty. 
 She does not like Madame de Boigne and calls her une 
 pretentieuse. She says, "Madame de B. only ' acknowl- 
 edges two families, that of the Bon Dieu and the 
 Osmonds." 
 
 I think I have forgotten to mention the attempt on 
 the life of the Duke of Wellington. As he was driving 
 home in the Champs Elysees a shot was fired, but for- 
 tunately missed him — in fact, the bullet has not been 
 found. Some malicious people say he had the shot fired 
 himself. Naturally he has lots of enemies. So great 
 a man as he is can brush such insinuations aside without 
 giving them a thought. He certainly is the most impor- 
 tant personage in France at present, and if anything 
 happened to him it would be a dire calamity. Indeed, 
 it is very odd how persistently rude the Roj^al Family 
 are to him. He never shows the slightest displeasure 
 and is always dignified and courtesy itself. Father has 
 the greatest admiration for him, and believes him to be 
 a born diplomatist as well as a great soldier and leader 
 of men. 
 
 104
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 I have just heard that a man called Cantillon has been 
 arrested. They say he is but a man of straw and that 
 his arrest was made to appease the English and that he 
 will never be tried. The extraordinary thing is that, 
 with the exception of the Due de Berri, not one of the 
 Royal Family expressed the slightest sympathy or con- 
 gratulated the Duke on his escape. 
 
 MARCH 26 
 
 The Chamber closed to-day. I am getting a little tired 
 of Lent, mamma will keep it so strictly. I see at times 
 it rather annoys father, but he does not say anything. 
 I can never quite make out what his ideas are on religion. 
 He is a Calvinist and was brought up when a child by 
 Mile Pictet very strictly. I think Voltaire and his ideas 
 greatly influenced him. I do not care what his religion 
 is, nobody could be better than he is. Always so gentle, 
 smoothing over everything and keeping peace, thoughtful 
 for everybody, even for the servants — could there be a 
 better man? I only wish I could approach him in any 
 way. Mamma was a Miss Nicholson; I must have some 
 of the "Old Nick" in me from that side of the family. 
 
 MARCH 29 
 
 Father to-day told me if I could find an agreeable travel- 
 ling companion that he would give me the money to go 
 to Bourg to see Jacques Coeur's house, which is so beau- 
 tiful. I fear my travelling companion must be of the 
 male sex, although father did not stipulate this. It is 
 rather a long journey, quite three days to get there. 
 I was showing Frances to-day how I could tame her 
 canary. I drew a chalk-line on the table, caught the 
 little bird, and laid him on his back on the line. He 
 remained perfectly quiet. Frances was delighted. She 
 put out her hand to take him up. The poor little thing did 
 not move — he was dead. I was so sorry. Poor Frances 
 cried bitterly. I went out at once and bought her 
 another, but she is not comforted. 
 
 105
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 APRIL 15 
 
 I dined with father at the Duke of Wellington's yester- 
 day. Great magnificence, the plate gold. It is the 
 Royal plate sent from England for his use. Shoals of 
 powdered lackeys in the Wellington liveries, eight gold 
 candelabra on the table. In the centre of the table a 
 huge gold basin filled with flowers. All the service silver 
 with the sweets and dessert, and then all was gold. 
 Prince Talleyrand was present, the Due de Rohan, 
 Duchesse de Courlande (niece of Talleyrand, who seems 
 devoted to him). Due and Duchesse de Duras, the Galit- 
 zins, Caumont la Forces, de Broglies, Comte and Comtesse 
 D'Orsay, Due and Duchesse de Grammont, Comtesse de 
 Boigne and her brother Osmond, the English Ambassador, 
 Chevalier Stuart, Baron Vincent (Austria), the Due and 
 Duchesse de Fernan-Nunez (Spain), Baron Fagel (Pays 
 Bas), Comte and Comtesse Soltz (Prussia), Pozzo di Borgo 
 (Russia), Marquis Alfieri (Sardinia), Prince Castelcicala 
 (Deux Siciles), Comte and Comtesse de Gallatin (Wiirtem- 
 berg), and a host of others. The Duke was in fine spirits 
 and received congratulations on all sides. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 At last the Orleans family have been granted permission 
 to return to France. They are installed at the Palais 
 Royal. They were not well received by the King; in 
 fact, the only members of the Royal Family who greeted 
 them cordially were the Due and Duchesse de Berri. 
 I went officially with father to the Palais Royal after 
 he had requested an audience. We were received in 
 the simplest manner possible. They seem like any 
 ordinary bourgeois family. The Duke* is short, marked 
 
 * Louis Philippe d'Orleans, Due d'Orleans, born September 6, 1773, 
 reigned as Louis Philippe I, died in England (to which country he fled 
 in 1848) August 26, 1850. He was the son of PhiUppe Egalit^, Due 
 d'Orleans, who voted for the death of Louis XVI. 
 
 106
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 Bourbon features, decidedly common-looking. The 
 Duchess is not pretty but most gracious and charming, 
 Mademoiselle as well. We stopped quite half an hour, 
 his Highness asking many questions about America, of 
 which he seems to have great knowledge. He spoke of 
 Monsieur de Lafayette and was au courant with father's 
 intimacy with him. Driving home, father, who rarely 
 expresses any opinion about people, said, "That man is 
 an intriguer; I would not trust him." We had seen 
 and been presented to him in England three years ago. 
 A Court reception to-morrow. 
 
 I had rather an unfortunate adventure some few nights 
 since, but it I hope will never get to father's ears. After 
 going to the opera, a charming little danseuse, whose 
 acquaintance I had only just made, asked me if I would 
 sup with her at her apartment. Much to my surprise 
 I found the greatest luxury — some personage evidently 
 in the background. A round table with couverts for 
 two. We had just commenced to sup when I heard a 
 noise in the antechamber. INIy charmer exclaimed, 
 " Mon Dieu, je suis perdue, cachez-vous." I rushed behind 
 a curtain. The door opened, and to my dismay I 
 recognized the voice of the Due de Berri. He said, 
 "So mademoiselle has an amant." Clare tremblingly 
 answered, " Non, Monseigneur, it was only mamma who 
 I was giving a little supper to as you did not arrive." 
 He asked, "What has become of her?" "She has gone, 
 Monseigneur, as she was not properly dressed to receive 
 your Highness." By bad luck I had left my hat on 
 a chair. The Duke picked it up and said with a laugh, 
 "So, madame, wire mere wears a man's hat, which 
 she has forgotten." I felt it was time for me to discover 
 myself, no matter what the consequences might be. I 
 stepped out from behind the curtain, saying, "Mon- 
 seigneur, it is my hat; I am mademoiselle's mother." 
 He broke into fits of laughter, poor Clare into tears. He 
 laughed so heartily that I could not help joining him; 
 
 107
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 he then became serious and in the kindest manner said, 
 "Young man, you have acted in a most honourable 
 manner not to play eavesdropper. Tout est ixirdonne. 
 Let us sup together." Clare rang and ordered another 
 convert to be laid, and we had a most cheerful supper. 
 When he rose to leave he begged me to accompany him, 
 which, of course, I did. Going down the stairs he took 
 me by the arm and said most kindly, "I am really the 
 one to blame; here we have met as Mr, Smith and 
 Mr. Jones," adding, "in fact, you have unknowingly 
 done me a great favour, as I was most anxious to get rid 
 of Mile Clare; you have given me the opportunity. I 
 am your debtor, but do not forget I am Mr. Smith." 
 He always speaks English to me, even at Court. 
 I have not seen Clare again and do not intend doing 
 so. I met the Due yesterday. He burst out laughing 
 and said, with a twinkle in his eye, " Have you seen your 
 friend, Mr. Jones, lately? Mr. Smith, I hear, has gone 
 back to England." 
 
 The Prince de Conde is very ill. His son, the Due 
 de Bourbon, it seems, leads the most extraordinary life — 
 only cares for people of the lower classes, shows himself 
 in public with the commonest of drabs, hates royalty, 
 and is unfit for decent society. 
 
 PARIS 
 
 Much to my delight, Lord Huntly (now Duke of Gordon) 
 called to-day. He is very old but looks wonderfully 
 well. He said, "You look a man now; when I last saw 
 you you were a child." He is a very great favourite at 
 Court. Father went again to-day to see Madame de Stael. 
 He came back very depressed, as he fears she will not 
 last long. She was very excited, talking about Jacques 
 Coeur, from whom she is descended through the Gallatins. 
 Coeur was certainly an extraordinary man. I never 
 heard that any of our family benefited by his fortune. 
 I intend some day going to Bourges to see his palace, 
 
 108
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 which they say is the finest Renaissance palace in exist- 
 ence. If Jeanne d'Arc had not had those absurd visions 
 we might be rich. Madame de Stael says that both she 
 and father get their brains from Coeur; they certainly 
 got nothing else. Father does not inherit the latter's 
 love of show. I really believe he would be perfectly 
 happy in one room with any amount of strong segars 
 and a few clever men to discuss abstruse questions with. 
 I am glad to say he has a certain amount of pride, which 
 makes him live in a proper style, which his present 
 position demands. 
 
 JULY 
 
 Father was sent for this morning as Madame de Stael 
 is worse. He is much distressed, as he has the most 
 profound admiration for her. 
 
 JULY 18 
 
 Madame de Stael died yesterday. She is to be buried 
 at Coppet; so, at least, is the present intention. We are 
 obliged to leave for Brussels to-morrow, greatly to father's 
 regret, as he would have liked to have paid his last 
 respects to her by going to Coppet for the funeral. He 
 considers her loss a public one, that she was a great 
 power and that she had more influence on public opinion 
 than any other person excepting the actual Ministers in 
 office. Her mind, instead of diminishing with years, 
 improved, and she became more and more brilliant. The 
 Duchesse de Broglie is inconsolable. 
 I saw Auguste de Stael this morning. 
 Arrived yesterday in Brussels. Are not well lodged 
 in the Rue de la Loi. Father wishes to confer with 
 Baron Fagel. After a week of idleness the King has 
 decided that the negotiations must be held at the Hague. 
 After all, we need not have come here until much later. 
 We are stopping here for several weeks before going to 
 
 109
 
 1817J DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 the Hague. It is extremely dull; everybody out of 
 town, houses shut up, very hot, and absolutely nothing 
 for me to do. Father has given me permission to go to 
 Ostend for some bathing, which I certainly will take 
 advantage of. 
 
 JULY 29: OSTEND 
 
 Arrived here to-day, a lovely place in the Dunes. I am 
 at a very comfortable hostelry, the Hotel d'Allemagne. 
 The bathing splendid. Full of all the bourgeoisie from 
 Brussels, Ghent, Bruges, &c. &c. Very amusing watch- 
 ing the pacquets coming from England. The people of 
 the place rough Flemish — loud, coarse voices but good- 
 natured and healthy. Fishing is the chief industry. 
 
 AUGUST 3 
 
 I went to Bruges yesterday and stopped the night — such 
 an interesting place but falling into decay. Wonderful 
 buildings and a beautiful cathedral with such a sweet 
 chime of bells. I have made friends with a nice English- 
 man, a Mr. Marchmont, who went with me. It is sad 
 to see a place once so opulent and of such importance 
 practically finished. It has played in the past such an 
 important part in history. Ostend interests me on 
 account of the siege. One of our ancestors was killed 
 there. In the "Etrennes de la Noblesse," which is the 
 peerage of France before the Revolution, volume 1778, 
 is the following anecdote historique: 
 
 "Francois de Gallatin jut blesse viortelment au siege 
 d'Ostende — a Vattaque du chemin convert oil il avoit com- 
 battu avec la plus grande valour, a la tete des trois compagnies 
 de Grenadiers du Regiment de la Cour-au-C hantre, qu'il 
 commandoit, et qui y furent ecrases — on lui coupa la cuisse 
 — quelques instants avant sa mart on lui demanda ses 
 derniers volontes pour son fils, encore enfant: 'Qu'il 
 suive mon exemple,' repondit il." 
 
 110
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 Father has written to me to join him at the Hague on 
 August 15, so I will stop here until then. I forgot to 
 mention that when I was at Brussels I visited the plains 
 of Waterloo. I shut my eyes and tried to picture the 
 whole scene of the battle. I cannot but feel pity for 
 the Emperor — to have risen to the great heights that he 
 did and now a prisoner at such a horrible place as St. 
 Helena. He was a very great man and he rose alone 
 without any help. He, I am certain, had great magnetic 
 force. I think his family were a great drag on him. His 
 brothers, with one exception, were full of greed. 
 My friend Marchmont has not turned out quite as 
 nice as I thought he w^as. He asked me yesterday if I 
 would lend him one hundred francs, saying he was 
 expecting money from England. He did not turn up 
 at dejeuner this morning, and when I asked for him mine 
 host with surprise said, "Did not monsieur know that 
 Monsieur Marchmont left by the packet this morning 
 for England?" With this he handed me a letter — 
 it was only a few lines — which showed me what a dupe 
 I had been: "Young man, never lend money to a 
 stranger in a foreign country," signed "Marchmont." 
 I hope some day to meet my fine gentleman. 
 
 AUGUST 15: THE HAGUE 
 
 Arrived here last night, but father will not arrive until 
 to-morrow. We are lodged in a very nice house which 
 adjoins one occupied by Mr. Eustace.* We are to eat 
 with him. Lucien is with me. If Brussels was dull, 
 what is this place? It is absolutely dead. Very clean 
 outwardly, but they tell me the people are dirty and that 
 it is all outward show, that the interiors of the houses 
 are very untidy — not a bath in any of the houses and 
 no public baths like in Paris. 
 
 * American minister at The Hague. 
 Ill
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 AUGUST 20 
 
 Very little work to do at present. I had to confess to 
 
 father how I had been duped at Ostend. He said he 
 
 hoped it was a lesson to me, but at once handed me five 
 
 napoleons. 
 
 AUGUST 28: THE HAGUE 
 
 A charming surprise. A Baron Constant Rebecque 
 whose mother was born Gallatin, called to see father. 
 They have a beautiful place in the country. He invited 
 us to stop with him. Father cannot leave but accepted 
 for me. I go there to-morrow. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 2 
 
 I came back from the Rebecque's this morning. It is a 
 lovely place. I was sorry it was not the tulip season as 
 they have many of them. We shot some hares and foxes; 
 the latter, it seems, do a lot of damage. What would 
 they say to this in England, where a fox is sacred ? 
 I must say the Dutch nobility are delightful, so simple and 
 cordial. I felt at home at once. Madame de Rebecque 
 was so pleased to see anybody of her name. She said 
 if father could not spare the time to go and see her she 
 would go to the Hague to see him. I find all what we 
 call "hot cakes" in America are of Dutch origin. We 
 have "waffles" and "griddle cakes" every day for 
 breakfast. Dutch girls are not pretty. They say they 
 make good wives. I am not surprised as they cannot 
 have any other temptations. Two, Mile von Briennen 
 and Mile Bentinck, all round and fat. 
 
 THE HAGUE 
 
 Hard work now. It seems they laugh at the idea of an 
 indemnity, which annoys father very much. He feels 
 his mission is quite useless. We will soon go back to 
 Paris. I am delighted, as it is not gay here. 
 
 112
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 We leave on the 22nd. First pay a visit to the Rebecques. 
 Father is the most extraordinary person. After all his 
 trouble coming here, he has only asked for his actual 
 out-of-pocket expenses. Mr. Eustace says it is quite 
 absurd. He cares less for money than anybody I have 
 ever heard of. I only discovered a short time since that 
 he had paid all his grandmother's debts in Geneva. She 
 was a most reckless and extravagant person, and certainly 
 did not consider him in any way. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 30: PARIS 
 
 Back again in Paris. Mamma and the children are at 
 Fontainebleau. We join them in a few days. Mr. 
 Sheldon must have a holiday, so our stay in the country 
 will be very short. Rumours of a change of Government. 
 The Duke Decazes* is spoken of. They say Monsieur is 
 intriguing against the King. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 Fontainebleau is deadly dull — nothing to do but ride in 
 the forest. Of course, it is very beautiful, but I soon tire 
 of it as I ride alone. The Chasse will soon begin, I 
 am glad to say. We have a very comfortable house on 
 the outskirts of the town quite close to the forest. 
 
 OCTOBER 12 
 
 The Marquis de Breteuil sent me an invitation to hunt 
 with him. I have just come back. It was a chasse au 
 sanglier. The w^ild boars abound in the forest and at 
 times are very dangerous. It was all very new to me 
 and struck me as rather theatrical. The boarhounds 
 were very fine, a large pack — the huntsmen, &c., all 
 
 ♦Monsieur Elie Decazes, born September 28, 1780, died 1860. 
 After the assassination of the Due de Berri in 1820 he was created 
 due and given the English Embassy; was a great favorite of Louis 
 XVIII. 
 
 113
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 in the King's livery. Huge cors de chasse, which they 
 put their heads through as one does through a life-pre- 
 server; at every opportunity possible they blow blasts 
 on these latter. When a poor "piggy" was killed his 
 dying moments were cheered by a lively tune played on 
 at least six of the horns; still it is an amusement for me. 
 There were several ladies of Court in the Royal Costume at 
 the Chasse, which really made a beautiful scene. I expected 
 every moment to see the curtain come down as it does 
 at the play. I believe in the time of Louis XIV they 
 followed the hunt in huge gilt and painted coaches. 
 
 NOVEMBER 6 
 
 We stopped until the end of October at Fontainebleau 
 and are now again installed in the Rue de TUniversite. 
 Paris is very gay. I love the boulevards — so gay and 
 everybody seems so cheerful. What a light-hearted 
 people the French are. I am glad to say mamma seems 
 a little happier. I am sure she will end by liking Paris. 
 
 NOVEMBER 9 
 
 We have had a sheaf of dispatches from home, which 
 I have to go through and copy. No wonder my hand- 
 writing is becoming illegible, my fingers are so cramped. 
 The Caumont la Forces have a large supper to-night to 
 which we are bidden. It has been so dull and cold all 
 day, I think we are going to have a downfall of snoW. 
 
 NOVEMBER 10 
 
 We could hardly get home from the la Forces last night. 
 It had rained a little and then came a frost making the 
 streets like glass; in fact, they call it ver glas. The 
 coachman and footman had to get down and lead the 
 horses. I did also, and could hardly keep my own footing. 
 Fortunately, the horses had been roughed. We were 
 quite two hours doing a journey which ordinarily takes 
 less than half an hour. Father has sent to Geneva for a 
 
 114
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 fine gold watch for me for my Christmas present. He 
 certainly spoils me. 
 
 I often wonder if anybody got hold of my diary after 
 I am dead what an ass they would think me. I will leave 
 strict instructions to burn it. Frances and I are both 
 learning a new dance, the " Schottische." It is very pretty 
 and quite the fashionable rage. 
 
 NOVEMBER 20 
 
 I was presented to a Madame Chapelle last night at the 
 opera. She is a daughter of the Regent Orleans and 
 Madame de Genlis. She is not pretty but has great charm 
 of manner — a grande dame. She has asked me to call 
 on her. She receives on Friday evening. They say all 
 Paris goes to her. Mamma allowed me to take Frances 
 for a walk on the boulevard yesterday. She is so young 
 it does not make any matter; were she eighteen it would 
 be impossible. Fancy the customs of different countries. 
 Here we are hemmed in by Etiquette. I have a bad 
 toothache and am going to bed. 
 
 NOVEMBER 21 
 
 I waked this morning and my right cheek felt as if it 
 were going to burst. I got up and looked in the mirror. 
 Horrors, I did not recognize myself ! I cannot see my 
 right eye and my cheek is like an apple-dumpling. I am 
 going to send for some leeches. I sent Lucien for my 
 breakfast. Of course mamma thought I was ill and 
 arrived with her medicine-chest. She said in any case 
 a powder would do me good. I put my foot down firmly 
 and said I would not take one. She left the room saying, 
 "It is all biliousness." As if a swollen face was bile! 
 She does annoy me. She even asked me what I had 
 been eating. 
 
 NOVEMBER 25 
 
 My face quite normal again and I went out to-day. It 
 was very cold, so I thought it best to go quietly and see 
 
 115
 
 1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Mile Laflage of the opera. She had a great wood-fire, 
 and I showed her how to make toast as we do in America. 
 I did not go home until she had to go to the opera. She 
 is in the ballet and did not have to leave until 8 
 o'clock. I got home in time for supper, found the kitchen 
 chimney on fire, a great crowd, and a "file" passing 
 buckets all the way from the Seine up one side and down 
 the other. It was soon put out. Very little damage done 
 but all the supper ruined. We had to make the best 
 of it, and ate cake and bread and milk. 
 
 DECEMBER 1 
 
 Already preparations are being made for Christmas. We 
 are going to have a Christmas party. I proposed bobbing 
 for apples and snap-dragon. For once my family 
 approved of my idea. We are going to have a very 
 young party for Frances. Mamma enjoys arranging 
 this sort of thing. I am trying to think of something 
 new to amuse them. I proposed kiss-in-the-ring and hunt- 
 the-slipper. Mamma vetoed both as improper — so voila. 
 
 DECEMBER 8 
 
 Last night a splendid ball at Court. Mamma was very 
 fine: all Madame de Gallatin-Vaudenet's jewels — which 
 were all poor father inherited from her; in fact, he had 
 voluntarily paid all her immense debts — also some fine 
 lace. Mamma's train was purple velvet with white lace. 
 The diamonds are all mounted in Louis XV settings. 
 One huge aigrette with briolet diamonds in her turban, 
 which was of gold tissue. On her forehead a ferronniere 
 of diamonds — beautiful brooches. Her dress was gold 
 and purple striped tissue. The Landgrave of Hesse 
 Cassel gave Madame Gallatin-Vaudenet most of the 
 jewels. 
 
 The Duchesse d'Angouleme was regal in white with 
 a train entirely of ermine. She was absolutely covered 
 with jewels — pearls and diamonds. She is the most 
 
 116
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
 
 royal-looking personage one can possibly imagine. It 
 was dreadfully crowded. All was over at midnight. 
 
 DECEMBER 12 
 
 I have decided on my surprise for our Christmas party. 
 I am having a huge imitation plum-pudding made of 
 cardboard. It is large enough to hold a little girl of ten 
 dressed as a fairy. She will distribute flowers and 
 sweeties. Each package is to have a small flag on it; 
 the flags are to be of all nations. 
 
 DECEMBER 15 
 
 Nothing but balls every night. I am quite worn out. 
 Fortunately there is hardly any work to be done for 
 father, or I would have to go to bed early. 
 
 DECEMBER 24 
 
 All is now ready for our Christmas party. The ball- 
 room looks very nice, and I keep even the stable men 
 frotteing to get the floor in fine condition. Supper 
 is to be before we dance and play our jeux d'innocence. 
 Frances is so excited, we will not let her see anything of 
 our preparation. I tell her unless she keeps quiet she 
 will have a red nose. 
 
 DECEMBER 26 
 
 Everything went off capitally. After supper, which 
 was 8 o'clock, we started our game. Snap-dragon, a 
 novelty, was a great success. We were allowed to play 
 kiss-in-the-ring, suppressing the kiss; it was like 
 "Hamlet" minus the Prince of Denmark. Of course, it 
 was mamma. My plum-pudding was even a surprise to 
 mamma. At 11 o'clock I had a great bell rung. In 
 marched four footmen carrying the pudding on high. 
 I took a great knife as if to cut it, and, pulling a string 
 at the same time, it fell open. The little fairy was so 
 dainty. I had her taught some verses called "Noel," 
 
 117
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 which she declaimed as only a child can. After the 
 little packages were distributed, we danced a contre- 
 danse. The young girls were all so pretty I wanted to 
 kiss them all. The poor little child who was in the 
 plum-pudding burst into tears and would not be com- 
 forted. She wanted her mother, who is only a dresser 
 at the opera, and who was to call for her at midnight, 
 not being able to leave her work before then. Mamma 
 took her on her lap and comforted her until she fell 
 asleep from sheer exhaustion. When her mother did 
 arrive, father, with his usual kindness, sent her home in 
 a coach which he had ordered. All the young people 
 loaded her with bon-bons, &c. I gave her a great big 
 doll which I had bought for the purpose. She will be 
 happy when she wakes to-morrow morning. 
 
 JANUARY 1, 1818: NEW YEAR'S DAY 
 
 After we had all drunk each other's health in egg nog 
 I went out to commence the New Year — I fear badly. 
 I don't think I'll record in my diary where I went. 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 A delightful dinner and sauterie at the Pictet de 
 Rochment's. He is the Bavarian charge d'affaires and 
 a connexion of father's. Mile Pictet, who brought 
 father up in his early days, was his aunt. Pozzo di Borgo, 
 Comte and Comtesse de Grotz (Hanover), Marquis and 
 Marquise Alfieri (a descendant of the great Italian poet — 
 he represents Sardinia here). Count and Countess Goltz 
 (he represents Prussia), and the Chevalier Stuart, as 
 they call him here, the English Ambassador — in fact, 
 quite a diplomatic gathering. For the sauterie, Comte and 
 Comtesse de Gallatin, who brought their two daughters, 
 the Prince and Princesse Castelcicala (Deux Siceles), the 
 Baillet-Latours, Comte and Comtesse Caumont la Force, 
 the Galitzins. and many others. There was a pavane 
 
 118
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
 
 dance by six young men and six ladies, a contre-danse 
 and several "minuets," then a "Roger de Coverley" 
 proposed by the English Ambassadress; but few knew 
 the dance, but on once seeing the four first couples they 
 quickly acquired it and acquitted themselves very well 
 amongst much laughter. When there is a gathering 
 of young people of this kind it is much gayer. Even 
 father, Pozzo di Borgo, and the Chevalier Stuart joined 
 in the dance. I had for partner Katinka Galitzin. My 
 newly acquired "pigeon's wings" were much applauded. 
 We supped at midnight. Mamma slept in the coach 
 going home. 
 
 JANUARY 6 
 
 Splendid skating on the petit lac, which was reserved. 
 I got home just in time to dress to go to a twelfth-night 
 party at Comtesse de Gallatin's. After cutting the 
 gateau du roi, Puysegur drew the bean in his bit and 
 Mile Caumont la Force found the other one. They 
 were duly clothed in red velvet mantles trimmed with 
 ermine, gold paper crowns on their heads, and they 
 were the reigning king and queen for the evening. It 
 was put to the vote for the Court places. I was voted 
 to be the Court fool and wore a fool's cap. As I con- 
 sidered it an insult, I determined to fool to my heart's 
 content. After the king and queen had been escorted 
 in state to their throne the revels commenced. Minuets, 
 pavanes, mazurkas, were danced in rapid succession. 
 Supper was announced at 11 o'clock. I slipped out 
 unobserved, got hold of one of the footmen (whose palm 
 I greased), and got him to get me a large foot-tub full 
 of warm water; this I had placed facing the throne. 
 I enlisted the aid of two of my cronies, placed a chair on 
 either side of the tub, covering the whole with a quilt 
 which I got my footman to procure for me. Seating my 
 friends, one on one side and one on the other, I told 
 them that sudden death would overtake them if they 
 
 119
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 dared to move. I returned to the supper-room looking 
 perfectly innocent. We then escorted the king and queen 
 back to their respective thrones. I craved their majesty's 
 permission to try a rebel for lese majesie. They at 
 once granted my fool's request. I then told the trumpeter 
 to sound three times, and the herald to call upon Monsieur 
 d'Osmond* to appear before their majesties to be tried 
 and sentenced. Osmond is full of his own importance. 
 He approached, and was told by me to seat himself 
 between the two guards. I had told them the moment 
 he did so to at once rise; this they did, and plump went 
 Osmond into the bath. It really succeeded better 
 than I had anticipated. He did not at first realize he 
 was sitting in the water, but when he did he tried to 
 get out of the tub, making an awful splashing; I never 
 heard so much laughter. Poor Osmond stood dripping, 
 a sorry figure and raging; the more he raged, the more 
 we all laughed. When early in the evening I was voted 
 to be the fool, he had said in his horrid sarcastic way, 
 "That role exactly fits you." I could not refrain from 
 going up to him and saying, "You now have a role that 
 fits you like a bathing-dress." You see, on the Jour 
 des Rois nobody must lose their temper, so he had to 
 grin and bear it. He went in the kitchen to be dried 
 but did not appear again. My cousin, Count Gallatin, 
 tried to look serious and, taking me by the ear, repri- 
 manded me, saying, "That was quite sufiicient to cause 
 war between France and America." I answered, "For 
 the evening I am a fool, and it was a fool's prank." 
 Anyhow, no more was said about it, and I think all 
 enjoyed the joke. 
 
 JANUARY 9 
 
 We had a very large supper-party last night, but extremely 
 dull. It may have been very intellectual, it undoubtedly 
 
 * Monsieur d'Osmond, son of the Marquis d'Osmond and brother 
 of the Comtesse de Boigne. 
 
 120
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
 
 was, but my intellect was not suflBciently cultivated to 
 appreciate it; but I saw how happy father was and that 
 quite resigned me to my fate. Poor mamma did not 
 understand a word of the general conversation, but kept 
 nodding her head and smiling in the most intelligent 
 manner until I feared the feathers would fall out of her 
 turban. Monsieur de Lafayette gave a long harangue 
 on the subject of liberty. I think father was a little 
 uneasy, as it does not do for people to express their 
 opinion too openly at an embassy. Pozzo only laughed 
 at the whole thing. Our silver, which was the service 
 of poor General Moreau, made a very fine show. Mamma 
 has great taste — the flowers and fruit on the table were 
 beautifully arranged. Madame Recamier recited some 
 poems in the most affected and stilted style. I really 
 think she humbugs herself; she loves to hear the sound 
 of her own voice. Count D'Orsay was the only amusing 
 person. He made a violent speech on the political 
 questions of the day, without head or tail, beginning or 
 end; I rather loved him for it. After all the guests had 
 retired I was off to a bal masque at the opera — had lots 
 of adventures, made at least a dozen rendezvous, and 
 by now have forgotten both places and names. Telle est 
 la vie. 
 
 FEBRUARY 3 
 
 A great sensation has been produced by the appearance 
 of a pamphlet printed in London and called "The 
 Manuscript of St. Helena." It is supposed to have been 
 written by the Emperor himself. It is read in all the 
 great salons, and many say they recognize the style of 
 the Emperor. Monsieur Naville (father's cousin) brought 
 it to him yesterday from the author, who is Monsieur 
 Lullin de Chateauvieux, also a cousin and a Genevan. 
 We are all sworn to secrecy. This makes it most amusing 
 for me, as I hear of nothing else in all the salons I frequent 
 and often have a good laugh to myself. A most extraor- 
 
 121
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 dinary person who I must here give a place to is the 
 Queen of Sweden, wife of Bernadotte. She was a Mile 
 Eugenie Desiree Clary.* Her sister Julie married Joseph 
 Bonaparte. They were the daughters of a tallow-chandler 
 in Marseilles. She has left Sweden as she says the climate 
 did not agree with her. Her position here is a curious 
 one. A private note was sent to all the ambassadors 
 and ministers of foreign Powers not to receive her as 
 Queen of Sweden but simply as Madame Bernadotte. 
 She is not received officially at Court, but still the King 
 receives her as Madame Bernadotte in private. I have 
 met her in several different salons — a most common- 
 looking person, with a loud voice and coarse manners, 
 and dressed in clothes you expect to see a cook wear. 
 She has a strong Marseilles accent. When I was pre- 
 sented to her she said in horrible French: "Comment, 
 vous etes Americain et vous neies pas noir. Ma sopur 
 Julie a ete en Amerique." She would be better if she 
 were black— she has some sort of eruption on her face 
 which is not nice to look at. Another extraordinary 
 female is the Duchesse de Duras; she is quite as ugly 
 as Madame Bernadotte. Since the death of Madame 
 de Stael she seems to think the latter's mantle has 
 fallen on her shoulders. She apes her as much as she 
 dare do. Instead of a small laurel-branch which Madame 
 de Stael always carried in her hand and gesticulated with 
 (I have mentioned this before), she has long bits of paper 
 which she twirls about and tears to pieces; it's most 
 amusing to watch her. Her daughter, the Princesse 
 de Talmont, a widow, has lately married a Monsieur 
 de Rochejacquelin, much against her mother's wishes. 
 I fear I am drifting into a serious love affair. At several 
 houses I have met a handsome Spanish woman, wife of 
 
 * Eugenie-D^sir^e Clary, wife of Jean Bernadotte, who was elected 
 Prince Royal of Sweden in 1810, succeeded the King Charles XII in 
 1818; reigned as Charles XIV. He was never recognized by the King 
 of France. 
 
 122
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
 
 a Secretary of Embassy; she is several years older than 
 I am and does not live happily with her husband. She 
 has asked me to meet her at out-of-the-way places; I 
 have been weak enough to do so, but I must break it off. 
 It would be a serious matter for me and for father's 
 position if there were any scandal, particularly in the 
 diplomatic circle. 
 
 Serious talk of the resignation of Monsieur de Richelieu; 
 father seems worried. Monsieur Decazes is spoken of. 
 The King has shown him great favour lately. This 
 means that father will have to begin all over again. 
 Nothing definite has been settled with Monsieur de 
 Richelieu. Our Government is pressing and seems to 
 think it is father's fault. 
 
 We are in a very unsettled state on account of the 
 approaching change in the Government. So many 
 different rumours. General Dessolles spoken of as the 
 new leader. Father hardly thinks this possible, but 
 believes Monsieur Decazes will certainly (if not actually 
 in name) be the leader. Prince Talleyrand is now in 
 Paris; he is such an intriguer, so absolutely false, that 
 nobody trusts him. I heard a good story about him 
 yesterday and his astuteness. When he was in power 
 a gentleman, accompanied by a small suite, presented 
 himself at his house as the Margrave of C., a German 
 princeling. His credentials were all in order, but Talley- 
 rand suspected there was something wrong from the 
 man's demeanour. Nevertheless, he invited him to 
 dinner — putting him, as his rank demanded, on his right 
 hand at table. When dinner was at an end and olives 
 were passed with the wine, the Margrave took a fork 
 to eat his with. At once Talleyrand clapped his hands, 
 a prearranged signal, saying in a loud voice, "Arrest 
 this impostor. No gentleman eats olives with a fork." 
 Several officers disguised as footmen rushed forward and 
 seized him. His suite immediately rose and tried to 
 escape from the room, but they were also arrested. 
 
 123
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Talleyrand was quite right; he afterwards learned that 
 the Margrave of C. had been waylaid on his way to 
 Paris, stripped of his clothes, baggage and papers, and 
 left with his suite penniless. The fine gentleman and 
 his band took the Margrave's coach and made use of the 
 relays, so arriving in Paris. The poor Margrave wandered 
 about for some time, as nobody would believe his story 
 and thought he was an impostor. Another story is not 
 out of place here. One day Talleyrand, who is very mal- 
 formed, pointing to a particularly tall and handsome 
 footman, said to the lady next to him, "That is the way 
 we make them, and this is the way they make us." 
 Mamma is in despair, as father hates entertaining. 
 He only cares to see his old friends — Lafayette, La Place, 
 the Humboldts, Pozzo di Borgo, &c. They continually 
 dine and sup with us. I have my own amusements, so 
 it does not affect me. I am beginning to find out that 
 all the Court and official functions are a great bore; they 
 are all the same thing over and over again. The excep- 
 tions are the entertainments at the Elysee and the Palais 
 Royale. The Due and Duchesse de Berri are so gay and 
 cheerful that they instil life into all. At the Palais 
 Royale it is so informal; although very fine entertain- 
 ments, one is not hedged in by that eternal etiquette as 
 at the Tuileries. The Duke and Duchess d'Angouleme 
 are so formal and sad — Monsieur so repellent in his cold, 
 stiff way, though they say he can be charming if he 
 chooses. The poor old King is far more gracious; he 
 really seems to enjoy father's society, and certainly 
 shows him great favour. He laughingly said to him the 
 other day, "I wish you would give us French lessons 
 and we will give you English ones." Poor father's 
 French accent is so strong in English. I sincerely believe 
 it is one of the reasons he is so disliked in America, and 
 it is a great drawback in political life. He is certainly 
 in his right place here, but I think he longs for a more 
 active life. 
 
 124
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
 JULY 
 
 He has accepted a special mission to England; it is a 
 very important one. The terms settled at the Treaty 
 of Ghent expire in 1819, so all has to be reconsidered 
 and settled afresh. He is the only person capable of 
 carrying through these negotiations on account of his 
 intimate knowledge of all details. Mr. Rush is our 
 Minister in England. Father discovered him and had 
 him put in his present position. He has most kindly 
 extended his hospitality to us. Father has availed 
 himself of his kind offer to stop at his house when in 
 London. We expect to leave here in July. I fear 
 London will be very dull after Paris, but I will have 
 plenty of work to do. Father insists upon having a copy 
 of every document and prefers me to make them. Albert 
 dislikes Paris so much he is to go back to America this 
 summer. He only cares about birds, animals, and so 
 forth, and likes a wild solitary life. Frances promises 
 to be pretty, and I hope she will grow up so and make 
 a good marriage either here or in England. Her religion 
 will be a great obstacle to her here, and if she changed it 
 mamma would promptly give up the ghost. I am quite 
 certain she will never be content to live in America, and 
 I am sure I won't. 
 
 JULY 24 
 
 To-day we received the faire-part of the Due de Guiche, 
 the eldest son of the Due de Gramont, with Mile D'Orsay, 
 the daughter of the Count and Countess D'Orsay. Made- 
 moiselle is quite lovely and de Guiche is very handsome; 
 they will make a brave couple. I have seen a great deal 
 of de Guiche but not dans le grand monde. I suppose 
 now he will settle down and we will see him no more. 
 The contract of the marriage was on the 10th. Very 
 beautifully done. Masses of flowers everywhere — from 
 the chandelier great wreaths of roses; the wall lights 
 were connected by huge garlands of pink roses. Count 
 
 125
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 D'Orsay is famous for his taste. The wedding was in the 
 Sainte-Chapelle by special permission of the King. The 
 Due and Duchesse de Berri were present and signed the 
 register. The corbeille de manage was superb; there 
 were over five hundred presents. I think there is what 
 may be called hot blood in the de Gramont family. 
 There was a Comte de Guiche in the seventeenth century 
 who was a lover of Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of 
 Charles I. He was exiled, and on his return compro- 
 mised himself with Mile de la Valliere, the King's mistress; 
 was exiled a second time. Not bad. The sister of the 
 present Due de Grammont married Lord Tankerville. She 
 was quite lovely. 
 
 AUGUST: LONDON 
 
 After all, we did not leave Paris until August 10 and 
 arrived in London on the 16th. Mr. Rush is most kind; 
 he has placed the whole second floor of his house at our 
 disposal. Of course London is quite empty and dull. 
 I have plenty of work to do. Father has had several 
 interviews with Lord Castlereagh, who is most concilia- 
 tory, but Mr. Frederic Robinson (now President of the 
 Board of Trade) and Mr. Goulburn are the principal 
 Commissioners. The former, as always, is delightful, 
 and father likes dealing with him. The questions to be 
 settled are the Fisheries, the Boundary Question, the 
 West India Trade, and the Captured Slaves. Mr. Robin- 
 son begs father to put in writing exactly what his demands 
 are and his reasons for making them; he thinks this will 
 expedite matters. There are daily conferences, and 
 from what I can understand an agreement satisfactory 
 to all parties will soon be come to. Lord Castlereagh 
 is very advanced in his ideas and has no insular prejudices. 
 Mr. Robinson the same. Mr. Goulburn is not quite 
 as enlightened as they are, but all is very amicable and 
 pleasant. 
 
 126
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
 SEPTEMBER 10 
 
 I had found it so dull, and not feeling very well, father 
 insisted upon sending me to Brighton for two weeks. 
 I arrived yesterday, and at once went to the Pavilion 
 and paid my respects to the Prince Regent. These 
 were father's orders. He is here with some of his dandies 
 and his last reigning favourite. I am very comfortably 
 lodged not far from the sea, in James Street. The Pavilion 
 is a most extraordinary place — Moorish, I think, in 
 architecture; all sorts of domes and minarets. There 
 is a huge riding-school where the Regent takes exercise 
 in bad weather. They say the cost of the building was 
 something enormous. I only went into the first hall 
 and wrote my name. The decorations are Oriental and 
 dazzling, but, although I am informed to the contrary, 
 I should not think the remainder of the decorations are 
 in good taste. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 12 
 
 Such perfect weather, I feel much better already; the 
 heat in London was very great. I had so much writing 
 to do that now I want simply to rest. I was out all the 
 morning lying on the shingle basking in the sun. Returned 
 at 2 o'clock to my dinner. The air here gives me a 
 fine appetite, otherwise I should not be able to eat the 
 food they give me; it's like all English food, heavy and 
 greasy. When will they learn what cooking is? In 
 any small inn in France they give you an appetizing meal, 
 well seasoned and well served. For instance, for dinner 
 to-day I had salt boiled beef with carrots and dumplings; 
 the beef was hard, the carrots were harder, and the 
 dumplings I could have thrown against the door without 
 breaking them; but still I was hungry and managed to 
 make a good dinner. This afternoon, when I went for 
 a walk I met the Prince Regent driving in a most 
 gorgeous chariot; it seemed to me every colour of the 
 rainbow. He was accompanied by a lady, but I do not 
 
 127
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 know who she was — in fact, I don't know anybody in 
 England. Several gentlemen accompanied him on horse- 
 back. The Prince looked very red as if he had been 
 drinking; they were all very noisy. Mr. Bnimmell was 
 a great friend of the Prince's; he was called the "mirror 
 of fashion," and although of very humble birth, he 
 managed to work his way to the higher society, and all 
 through his wit and his manner of dressing. He was for 
 a long time the arbiter of fashion. They tell me he 
 often used to destroy a dozen white neckcloths before he 
 tied them to suit him. The Regent used to imitate him 
 though he was most insolent; he was known as "Beau 
 Brummell." 
 
 SEPTEMBER 15 
 
 Poor Lucien has afforded me great amusement ever 
 since he left Paris. I asked him if he was a good sailor. 
 "Mais oui, Excellence." Now he had never even seen 
 the sea, but I said nothing and awaited events. Full of 
 pluck, he marched on board the packet at Boulogne. We 
 were barely under way when I lost sight of him. On 
 arrival at Dover no Lucien could be found. At last, 
 after a search in the forecastle in one of the sailor's bunks, 
 there was a helpless and limp mass. He was carried on 
 deck, and after having brandy poured down his throat 
 began to revive. His first words were: " Est-que je 
 suis mort f " But with the wonderful elasticity of the 
 French nature, before we got to Sevenoaks he was cheer- 
 fully chatting with father's man in the rumble. London 
 astonished him; he could not understand the dirty 
 streets or the grimy houses. He was comically miserable 
 — so homesick that at one time father contemplated 
 sending him home, but he would not consent to this, 
 saying, "What would monsieur do without him?" He 
 certainly is devoted to me. Here at Brighton he is much 
 happier. He is a very good-looking lad. Yesterday I 
 actually saw him walking arm-in-arm with a very pretty 
 
 128
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
 
 girl. As he cannot speak two words of English, I cannot 
 understand how he managed it. Oh, but the language 
 of love is not difficult, and I fear he has taken a leaf out 
 of his master's book. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 17 
 
 I had a little adventure yesterday which I hope will turn 
 out well. Nobody knows me here, so I really don't 
 care w^hat I do. I noticed the day after I arrived a very 
 pretty woman. There is a certain look that one gives to a 
 pretty woman and which I have always found a woman 
 understands. The second time I found her walking 
 alone she dropped her eyelids, but not till after she had 
 had a good look at me. After passing her I turned and 
 followed her, dropping my pocket-handkerchief (I always 
 carry a lady's handkerchief with me as I have found it 
 such a help in making acquaintances). I ran after her 
 saying, "Madame, I think this must be yours?" She 
 looked at it and said, "Oh, how stupid of me," and with a 
 pretty curtsy she quietly put it in her reticule; then she 
 said, "I see you are a stranger here." Of course I poured 
 out all my woes, telling her I did not know a soul in the 
 place. She took compassion on me and has promised 
 to meet me to take a little walk to-morrow evening. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 19 
 
 My inamorata is charming, she is married to an old man 
 who is in the city in business — she is down here with a 
 younger sister, to recoup the latter's health. She has 
 promised to meet me to-morrow and to take me home to 
 supper — her sister goes to bed at 7 o'clock. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 20 
 
 The worst possible luck — this morning I received a com- 
 mand from the Prince Regent to attend a concert at the 
 Pavilion to-night — what am I to do ? I do not know 
 my fair lady's name or where she is lodged. She will never 
 
 129
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 forgive me — I cannot tell her the real reason of my not 
 being able to keep the rendezvous. She thinks I am 
 simply a young American travelling for my health. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 21 
 
 A most gorgeous entertainment at the Pavilion; as I 
 entered rows of lacqueys in Royal liveries and floured 
 heads lined the hall. A most magnificent and impor- 
 tant person asked my name with a profound bow — 
 he motioned to two lacqueys who threw open the doors and 
 I was ushered into a gorgeous saloon. A gentleman ad- 
 vanced and said his Royal Highness would receive 
 me in a few minutes, which he did. I was escorted to a 
 smaller saloon, at the far end of which the Prince was 
 half reclining on a divan. He was most gracious and 
 inquired kindly about father — he also asked me 
 some questions about the Royal Family in Paris, par- 
 ticularly about the Due de Berri. While he was talking 
 to me the doors were thrown open and several ladies 
 and gentlemen came in; the Regent rose and with the aid 
 of two sticks and followed by the Court, in which I joined, 
 proceeded to the Concert Saloon. He was seated in the 
 centre in a large gilt arm-chair with a lady either side of 
 him — I was in the second row. I do not know who the 
 two gentlemen were who were on either side of me, 
 but one knew my name and both of them seeing I was 
 young and feeling a little bashful and a little embarrassed 
 made themselves most agreeable to me and soon put me 
 at my ease. What astonished me very much was when 
 any one of the performers, either male or female, did not 
 please the Prince he expressed his displeasure in a loud, 
 voice, much to their mortification — and he is called "The 
 First Gentleman in Europe." W^hen the concert was 
 over, bowing to us all he retired, with several ladies and 
 gentlemen. We were then conducted to the dining-hall, 
 which is very fine. A very lavish buffet supper was 
 served, a fine display of gold plate — some of the gentle- 
 
 130
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
 
 men were half drunk while they were at the concert 
 and when I left after midnight several of them were 
 helplessly so, a disgusting sight and one that is never seen 
 in France, even in Bohemian society. Some of the 
 decorations of the Pavilion are very fine; the chandeliers 
 are huge dragons painted in colours and gilded. What 
 I liked the best were some beautiful wall-hangings of 
 Chinese paper — I have never seen any before like them — 
 but the whole effect of the furniture is vulgar, at least to 
 my eyes, which are so accustomed to the refined taste 
 of the French. Oddly enough I did not see a picture 
 of any kind or description. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 22 
 
 I have been walking about all day and cannot find a 
 trace of my belle dame. I sincerely regret it as I am 
 leaving now in a few days and fear I will never see her 
 again. I went to write my name at the Pavilion. Just as I 
 was leaving the Prince's curricle drove up; of course I had 
 to wait at the door for him to pass — he passed me without 
 a sign of recognition — he was very red in the face, and, 
 may I only breathe it — I fear he was drunk. They told 
 me he had just come from a cock-fight. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 23 
 
 Not a sign of my fair lady — I so deeply regret it, and of 
 course as I cannot find her, I want to see her all the more. 
 I am leaving the day after to-morrow. Lucien did not 
 come home last night, so my landlady informed me; I 
 must talk to him. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 24 
 
 Still no sign. It is odd as Brighton is not a large place — it 
 does seem odd. I fancied I knew the direction she lived 
 in and have been haunting that quarter all the morning. 
 We are off to-morrow, in one of the fast coaches — I will 
 enjoy the drive. I am certainly feeling much better. 
 
 131
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 SEPTEMBER 26: LONDON 
 
 We had a splendid journey up, racing another coach the 
 whole way. I am glad to say we arrived first, the other 
 coach had an accident. It's wonderful the rapidity with 
 which they change the horses. We came by Cuckfield, 
 a lovely English village and the Weald of Sussex — lovely 
 views. I thoroughly enjoyed it. Lucien followed with 
 my baggage — these fast coaches do not take any. I 
 found father as usual, calm and unruffled — he was very 
 pleased to see me looking so well. Mr. Rush had a dinner- 
 party, but excused me from appearing as I was fatigued. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 28 
 
 To-day I was taken to White's Club and Brook's — I 
 had never been into a club before; they say very high 
 gambling takes place at night — as I have never touched 
 a card in my life it does not interest me. Father has a 
 horror of gambling and gamblers. I have been putting 
 some papers in order this evening. London is abso- 
 lutely empty. Everybody is in the country shooting. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 29 
 
 I went to-day to Chelsea Marshes with Mr. Compton; 
 we both took guns but there was nothing to shoot — he 
 told me there was very good snipe-shooting later on. 
 To-morrow I am going to the Tower of London. We will 
 be going back to Paris very shortly — another dinner 
 to-night— all men much older than myself. When the 
 wine was put on the table I begged to be excused and 
 went to bed. 
 
 OCTOBER 1 
 
 Queen Charlotte it is rumoured is very ill — she is suffering 
 from dropsy; it seems she has a violent temper and when 
 she has an outburst it brings on spasms which they fear 
 may cause her death at any moment. The Duchess of 
 Cambridge is devoted to her and hardly ever leaves her. 
 
 132
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
 
 It is very sad with her poor mad husband. She goes to see 
 him every day but he never recognizes her — he always 
 thinks he is holding a Court and talks incessantly to 
 imaginary people whom he thinks surround him; what 
 a living death ! One of the first signs of his coming 
 madness was one day a large pasty of blackbirds was 
 on the Royal table, covered with a thick crust. When 
 it was cut he remarked: "How very extraordinary; 
 how on earth did those blackbirds get in that dish?" 
 He would not allow it to be served and had some clever 
 philosopher sent for to go into the matter. 
 
 OCTOBER 2 
 
 We dined with Lord Castlereagh last night, only men 
 again; everything fine — we were over three hours at 
 table, the conversation was far above me, although I take 
 a great interest in politics. Father thinks this all does 
 me good and no doubt he is right. We leave on the 10th. 
 I frankly don't like England or English customs and 
 manners. 
 
 After many meetings and it seems to me endless dis- 
 cussion the result is as follows: — The articles on impress- 
 ment and maritime rights are thrown out, a ten years' 
 agreement to cover the Fisheries question, the boundary 
 between the Lake and the Rocky Mountains, also the 
 joint use of the Columbia River; indemnity for the slave 
 owners and the renewal of the commercial treaty of 1815. 
 England has been most generous in every way and 
 father has done his best to conciliate all — Lord Castle- 
 reagh has worked in perfect accord with him. The 
 navigation of the Mississippi is settled for ever. With 
 regard to the West India trade, Mr. Robinson made 
 concessions and father met him half-way. On the minor 
 questions in dispute little was settled — Lord Castlereagh 
 wisely said, "Time will do much more than we can"; 
 in this father absolutely agrees. Since the Treaty of Ghent 
 he thinks the American people are a little swelled with 
 
 133
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 pride, which he thinks in time will wear away. We return 
 to Paris very shortly. I shall not be sorry, as it has been 
 desperately dull and very hard work. 
 
 OCTOBER 10: DOVER 
 
 We left London, I without regret, this morning; we 
 hope to cross to-morrow but it is blowing great guns and 
 the packet did not leave to-day; the French one did as 
 there is a good harbour here. At Boulogne it is some- 
 times impossible to land. I feel sorry for poor Lucien, 
 he is pea-green in anticipation — I cannot boast much 
 myself, but I am getting used to it. 
 
 OCTOBER 11 
 
 Still here on account of stress of weather. It does not 
 affect us as we are not in a hurry, as there is nothing for 
 us to do in Paris at present. I visited the Dover Castle — 
 it is on a very high down above the town. It was very 
 interesting — I could hardly keep my feet the wind was 
 so violent. 
 
 OCTOBER 12 
 
 We embarked this morning, the wind has moderated 
 considerably and the Channel looks quite calm, the sun 
 is shining and we can see Cape Gris Nez distinctly — 
 Lucien is quite cheerful. 
 
 OCTOBER 14 
 
 We sleep at Amiens to-night. 
 
 OCTOBER 18, 1818: PARIS 
 
 We returned here on the 16th. Mother is still in the 
 
 country but returns shortly. 
 
 OCTOBER 19 
 
 Mamma and Frances returned to-day both looking so 
 well. I have for the last few days been visiting all my 
 
 134
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
 
 old haunts to see if they were still there. We will soon 
 have to return to fashionable life. The Court has 
 returned, and Paris looks very gay. 
 
 OCTOBER 22 
 
 I even love the smell of Paris. I love the smell of the 
 fruit and vegetables which the market-women hawk about 
 the streets in their push-carts. I love the cry "Oh, les 
 belles fraises. Oh ! les raisins, dix sous la livre," and 
 later, " Oh ! la valence, la belle valence.^' Dear Albertine 
 de Broglie came to see mamma to-day; they have 
 bought a beautiful hotel, quite close to us. They have 
 a fine boy; she wants us to dine quite en famille on 
 Sunday — that is mamma, father, Frances and myself. 
 Mamma could not refuse her, but it is the first time she 
 has dined out on Sunday since we came to Paris. 
 
 OCTOBER 25 
 
 We had such a pleasant dinner at the de Broglie's. Their 
 hotel is really beautiful. He had superb pictures and 
 furniture, silver, &c. ; her mother left her all she possibly 
 could, so it all makes a fine show. The precious baby 
 was brought down before dinner. Of course mamma 
 and Frances made a great fuss over it. I am not an 
 expert in babies, they always look so crumpled and red 
 to me and I never know how to pick them up. We saw a 
 fine portrait of de Broglie's father who was guillotined 
 in the Revolution. She showed it to us. It is covered 
 with a black curtain which she drew aside when he was 
 out of the room, as he cannot bear to look at it. This is 
 the reason I suppose he is so serious. 
 
 OCTOBER 29 
 
 I am really beginning to vegetate. I will get prematurely 
 old, if I go on at this rate. I am going to-night with 
 Puysegur to a ball given by a lady of the "other world." 
 The Due de Berri protects her and will be there. I have 
 
 135
 
 1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 just come in from a turn in the Bois de Boulogne where 
 I met many friends whom I had not seen since I had re- 
 turned from England. The men all wanted to know 
 about the English fashions as everything is a VAnglaise 
 now in France. Certainly Englishmen are better dressed 
 than Frenchmen. I met Count D'Orsay; he is certainly a 
 fine figure of a man and carries himself so well. His hand- 
 some face is rather spoilt by his teeth, which although 
 very white are very much separated, which gives his 
 mouth an animal look when he smiles. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 Very cold and in the mornings we have a thick white fog. 
 I am fully lance dans le monde again, dancing every 
 night. The ball at the Due de Berri's friend was very 
 enjoyable, but oddly enough up to a certain point the 
 behaviour was even more dignified than da7is le vrai 
 monde. It was not until after supper and the Due 
 had retired that things became rather mixed. I know 
 about 3 A.M. I was sitting on the lap of a lady, who dis- 
 played ample charms, and she was calling me her " Bebe, 
 petit chou,'" &c. I did not stop there long — I prefer 
 lamb to mutton. 
 
 NOVEIVIBER 1818 
 
 Christmas will soon be here. For the first time we are 
 
 to dine out at the de Broglie's. She made such a 
 
 point of it. We are going to have a New Year's Eve 
 
 party. 
 
 Of course, I am in another scrape — the same old story. 
 At Madame Recamier's. She is short, has the most 
 beautiful auburn hair, is an Austrian by birth, married 
 to a Frenchman. She swears eternal devotion — I do the 
 same but do not mean it in the least. It is, I hope, only 
 a passing fancy. Her husband neglects her, so she says 
 
 136
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 
 
 — but will meet him to-morrow as she has bidden me to 
 a large dinner-party. We went last night to the opera. 
 Mamma took Frances for the first time. She was 
 delighted, it was a pleasure to see her so happy. 
 
 NOVEMBER 16 
 
 Some most important dispatches have arrived from 
 America which will keep me busy for a long time. Father 
 frets a little that he has not more important work to do. 
 He is writing on finance, which keeps him very busy. 
 We have a dinner to-night, all Americans. Mamma 
 is so pleased as she then can join in the general conversa- 
 tion. It must be very hard for her when only French is 
 spoken. 
 
 DECEMBER 1818 
 
 There is no doubt that the Due de Richelieu will resign. 
 
 He has been attacked in the most unseemly manner by 
 
 the party headed by Monsieur Decazes. The New Cabinet 
 
 has been formed led by Decazes. 
 
 Mamma came back for Christmas from Fontainebleau; 
 
 we were very quiet as one of her sisters has died in America 
 
 — which had placed us in mourning. 
 
 I am sorry to say I cannot get rid of Madame S. She 
 
 will not leave me alone. Something must be done to 
 
 bring about a rupture. The New Year may bring me 
 
 some luck. 
 
 JANUARY 3, 1819 
 
 As everybody does, I have made all sorts of good 
 resolutions for 1819. I do not suppose I'll keep one of 
 them. The new Government seems very obstinate, re the 
 Indemnity claims — always some excuses, something crop- 
 ping up to delay the settlement. Poor Monsieur de Riche- 
 lieu, the most simple of men, has inspired Madame Berna- 
 dotte (the Queen of Sweden) with a violent passion; she 
 follows him like a dog, her carriage waits outside his door 
 for hours; and the moment he appears from the porte- 
 
 137
 
 1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 cochere, her coachman whips up his horses and follows. 
 Madame de Duras also causes much amusement, she 
 cannot conceal her jealousy of Madame Recamier, who 
 has stolen M. de Chateaubriand from her. Really these 
 old ladies and their love affairs are too funny ! 
 
 JANUARY 10 
 
 There is much scandal about the treatment the Duke of 
 Wellington has received at the hands of the Royal Family. 
 I wonder he has stood it so long. Monsieur has at times 
 been most insolent. Father has decided to go to Geneva 
 for three months. He has taken a house called "Bo- 
 cage," at Pregny. There is really nothing to keep us in 
 Paris. Mr. Sheldon and the staff are quite sufficient. 
 We leave on June 1 — Madame S. threatens to follow 
 me there; if so, I will drown myself in the lake. Madame 
 Bonaparte is in Geneva. I think I will ask her advice 
 how I am to get rid of this woman — I must do something. 
 The Chamber voted yesterday the grant of an income 
 of 50,000 francs a year to the Due de Richelieu — this has 
 given great satisfaction in all quarters; he is not a rich 
 man and has proved his devotion to his country. Father 
 went to congratulate him, I accompanied him. He was 
 much pleased, kissing father on both cheeks. They are 
 in great sympathy, as both are men of the same calibre: 
 simple, honest, without fear of expressing their opinion 
 and holding it, if they think they are right. Since I 
 have been so continually with father, seeing how he 
 attracts people to him — those whose friendship is worth 
 having — I believe in magnetic influence, which he strongly 
 has. When he shakes your hand you feel a thrill go through 
 you. When he looks into your eyes, he seems to absorb 
 your soul. The Duke lives in such a simple manner, 
 only two footmen in the ante-chamber. The Cabinet 
 de Travail he received us in was without a carpet, the 
 plainest of chairs and a very long table covered with black 
 cloth. A carafe and a carafon of eau de Jleurs d'oranger. 
 
 138
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 
 
 He never touches wine of any description. He engaged 
 father to dine with him saiis fagon on February 3, 
 to meet some of his (the Duke's) enemies. He said they 
 were quite tame. 
 
 FEBRUARY 4 
 
 We dined yesterday with the Due de Richelieu — that is 
 father and myself. It was a curious company composed 
 of most of his political opponents; as he had said they 
 certainly were tame, much too tame for me — I was bored 
 and glad to escape. First for a short time to the opera, 
 nothing interesting there. I remembered it was Madame 
 Recamier's reception evening, so hied myself there. Her 
 salon is very beautiful, very classic, but not quite the 
 place for me. If I were twenty years older I might take 
 a mild dose of that sort of entertainment. I flew when I 
 saw the majestic form of Madame de Boigne approaching — 
 hid behind a portiere to escape Madame de Duras and fell 
 into the arms of Madame S. Of course then I knew 
 what was in store for me. Bitter reproaches, why had 
 I neglected her who had given her soul for me: I didn't 
 want her soul. Well, it ended as it always does; she 
 arranged her coach to stop at the corner of the Rue 
 Bonaparte, which it did, I got in and accompanied her 
 home. Bonsoir. 
 
 FEBRUARY 6 
 
 Father had a fainting seizure this morning which alarmed 
 us all very much, as that sort of thing is so unusual with 
 him — he enjoys such wonderful health. Mamma would 
 burn feathers; Berthal wanted to drop a key down his 
 back; this last proposition cured him I think, anyhow 
 he sent everybody out of the room except mamma. I 
 went for the leech and he was bled. 
 
 FEBRUARY 8 
 
 I am glad to say that father has entirely recovered from 
 his indisposition. He thinks it was caused by a very strong 
 
 139
 
 1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 brand of segars he has smoked lately; he is going to change 
 them. He was in one of his happiest moods at dejeuner 
 to-day. He said that if anything was calculated to 
 bring a person round who had fainted it was Madame 
 Berthal. Poor woman, she is not beautiful; she is very 
 tall and angular, has a distinct moustache, a very long and 
 inquisitive nose, a huge mole on her chin which is full of 
 hair — which I am certain she puts in curl-papers at night 
 — but a wisp of hair on either side of her head; this is sur- 
 mounted by a monumental cap; having nothing to fasten 
 it to she balances it as a mountebank does a ball on his 
 head at a fair. I always have my hands ready to catch 
 it. Still I do not think we could dispense with her services 
 — she is invaluable. Lucien told me in confidence that she 
 cast her eagle eye on him, but as he did not reciprocate 
 she transferred her affection to Albert's black Peter. 
 I think this must be true as I certainly did hear a flutter 
 and a squeak in the corridor one day. Berthal disappeared 
 down one staircase and Peter down the other. Mamma 
 thinks her a citadel of virtue, so I have not undeceived 
 her. How fortunate we all can find some one to love or 
 to love us. What would life be without it? 
 
 FEBRUARY 10 
 
 There is a great scandal about the Orleans family and 
 their relationship with the Court. The King snubs the 
 Duke publicly on every occasion possible. At some Court 
 functions lately he has really refused him his proper 
 rights as a Bourbon prince. The Duchesse de Berri was 
 enceinte but it came to nothing. After the Due de 
 Berri, Orleans is the heir. I can quite understand the 
 Duchesse d'Angouleme's dislike for the son of a man who 
 voted for her parents' death. Twice lately the Due de 
 Berri has invited me to supper. Not at the Elysees — 
 ces dames and most cheery they have been. The truth 
 is the Court is as dull as can be. Since the death of 
 
 140
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 
 
 his father, the Prince de Conde, the Due de Bourbon* 
 has come to live in Paris. He retains his old name as he 
 says he cannot live up to that of Conde. His whole life 
 is a scandal, worse here than in London. 
 
 FEBRUARY 12 
 
 I have neglected to write for two days. It is really so 
 difficult to find time. I make up my mind to write every 
 night before going to bed, but as lately I have not been 
 home until 3 or 4 a.m., it is the next day. This is a 
 problem that my brain is too addled to probe. There was 
 a grand defile at Court on Sunday; always the same 
 thing — very magnificent no doubt to anybody who has 
 never seen it, but as we have to stand for such a long time 
 it is most fatiguing. I don't see how father bears it. 
 Mamma escapes it as she has been excused from attending 
 any Court function on account of her religious principles. 
 Monday the Carnival commenced; a lot of us made 
 egregious apes of ourselves, but it amused us. We had 
 pierrot costumes and each one a musical instrument. 
 We supped with some of our operatic friends at the Mai- 
 son Doree; we did everything that was foolish. Puysegur 
 had much too much to drink and would pour all the coffee 
 into the piano. We heated francs and sous in the fire 
 and threw them out of the window and watched the poor 
 devils scramble for them, only to burn their fingers. 
 It may have been funny for us, but it was not for them — 
 on calm reflection I think it was very cruel. Tuesday 
 a small ball at the Palais Royal, which was very amusing. 
 A great many English were present, one very handsome 
 woman. Lady Westmoreland. f Her husband is in the 
 Diplomatic Service. She is a very great friend of the 
 Duke of Wellington's, also of Pozzo di Borgo. As there 
 
 * Louis Jean Joseph de Bourbon-Con(16, son of the Prince de Cond6. 
 
 t Priscilla Ann Willesley Pole, born 1793, Countess of Westmoreland, 
 an intimate friend of the Duke of WelHngton and Pozzo di Borgo, the 
 Russian Ambassador. 
 
 141
 
 1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 are young people at the Elysee, Frances was allowed to go. 
 She enjoyed it immensely. She is so fresh and pretty, 
 has a lovely neck and shoulders. I was very proud of 
 her. Mamma has great taste and dresses her to perfec- 
 tion, but with great simplicity. My diary is really very 
 frivolous. I must try to record more interesting matter. 
 
 FEBRUARY 14 
 
 We are now having difficulties with the Spanish-American 
 Colonies which are in revolt. Father thinks it of the 
 greatest importance that no European Power should 
 interfere in the quarrel. He feels he must be continually 
 on the alert and keep himself informed on all matters 
 concerning the subject. He also feels it of great im- 
 portance that the United States should recognize the 
 South American Republics. On this subject he has 
 sent a private note to all the European Powers to prepare 
 them for the action to be taken by his Government so 
 that it will not come as a surprise to them. The Congress 
 of Aix la Chapelle is now sitting. Its policy with regard 
 to the United States is very favourable. Spain finds 
 herself isolated by the Powers and is treating with father, 
 or at least through him for the sale of Florida. I have 
 to give up all gaieties at present as it is a serious matter, 
 and all private notes are drafted by me before being 
 dispatched to the Secretary of State. Spain has refused 
 to ratify the treaty. 
 
 FEBRUARY 15 
 
 There has been a new" revolution in Spain and a complete 
 change in the Government. They have ratified the 
 treaty, much to father's satisfaction. He said to me 
 to-day that he felt more contented in doing something 
 really of importance, as for some time he had been idling 
 his time. Complications have also arisen with regard 
 to the Treaty of Commerce with France which has lain 
 dormant for some time. Father has now taken up the 
 
 142
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 
 
 matter with great vigour. M. Hyde de Neuville is 
 the French Minister in Washington and father is in 
 close correspondence with him. 
 
 FEBRUARY 16 
 
 As I am now pretty free from work, I have again started 
 my vie de polichinelle, as mamma insists on calHng 
 it. Father always smiles when she says this as her 
 pronunciation of the words is so funny. 
 
 FEBRUARY 17 
 
 The last days of the Carnival — a bal-masque at the 
 opera to-night. 
 
 FEBRUARY 19 
 
 I have really been too tired even to open my diary. 
 I make such good resolutions, but once I get in the swim 
 with my friends, off I go, like a champagne cork. I 
 love amusing myself. I know very shortly I will have 
 to settle down to some steady work. To-night we have ar- 
 ranged a very original car for the Carnival. We, the men 
 of course, are carefully disguised, for it would never do 
 for us to be recognized, particularly in the company 
 we so much prefer. I am to be an apple, P. a pear, 
 R. a peach, D. a carrot, G. a bunch of grapes, L. a fig. 
 The ladies are each a different flower and the car is in the 
 shape of a large gilt basket with a high handle hung 
 with paper lanterns all in the shapes of fruits and flowers. 
 We hope it will be a success. 
 
 FEBRUARY 21 
 
 Indeed we did have a success; we were cheered the whole 
 length of the boulevards, but one unfortunate incident. 
 Celestine of the honourable corps de ballet in her eager- 
 ness fell out of the basket; fortunately she fell on a fat 
 woman or she might have been seriously injured. But 
 I hold my breath when I recall the scene: she was dressed 
 
 143
 
 1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 as a poppy, but I suppose by sheer forgetfulness she had 
 forgotten to put on anything but the dress; or she may 
 have wished it to be very reaHstic, and as poppies do not 
 wear underclothes, she did not. The fat woman was so 
 incensed that seizing her opportunity as Celestine was 
 completely turned up, began to belabour her with her 
 reticule on that portion of the body on which generally 
 we receive punishment in our early childhood. We 
 dragged poor C. more dead than alive back into the car. 
 The reticule was of sharp steel beads. Celestine stood 
 up for the remainder of the evening. The usual supper, 
 &c. &c. 
 
 FEBRUARY 23 
 
 Ball at the Elysee last night — very brilliant as usual. 
 The beautiful Lady Westmoreland came escorted by 
 Pozzo di Borgo; she was much admired. The Duchesse 
 de Berri was full of animation; she has an unfortunate 
 way of moving, which is totally devoid of elegance or 
 grace. She is more like a child. She will suddenly run 
 up to the Duke and hang on his arm, no matter whom he 
 may be in conversation with. The Orleans family is 
 in full force, but oddly enough no other members of the 
 Royal Family. I think it really made it more informal 
 and far more enjoyable. I begged hard for mamma to 
 allow Frances to go. I even enlisted father, but he said 
 he left such matters to mamma, that they were far too 
 grave for him to decide. I know all the same he would have 
 wished Frances to enjoy herself. She is really too young. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 Now that Lent is here there will be more rest for me and 
 I intend doing some serious reading. I have asked father 
 to make a list of books that he thinks will be of benefit 
 to me. He had a long letter from Madame Patterson 
 Bonaparte to-day. She is in Rome, is evidently very well 
 
 144
 
 MADAME PATTERSON BONAPARTE (THREE VIEWS) 
 
 Bv filLBKRT StUAKT 
 
 By kind permission aj the Countess Moltke-iluitfeldt, nee Bonaparte
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 
 
 received, particularly by all the members of the Bona- 
 parte family. In most of her letters is asking his advice 
 about investments for her savings. Her one god seems 
 to be money. Father has the highest opinion of her 
 intelligence — particularly on financial matters — she is so 
 shrewd. He often has said had she met the Emperor 
 Napoleon, and had joined forces with him, the fate of 
 Europe might be quite different from what it is to-day. 
 Mamma does not like her, but like the sensible woman 
 she is, never commits herself; in fact she always refrains 
 from expressing any opinion that may annoy father. 
 They really are a model husband and wife. I do not 
 see such another happy and contented couple anywhere. 
 Among our relatives in Geneva I find them, but their lives 
 are so simple, they are so unworldly, living only for 
 their families. I suppose it is rather a selfish one, but 
 still it has always struck me that it is the right life to 
 lead. Moralizing now. Well it is Lent. What could I 
 do better? 
 
 MARCH 1819 
 
 So little of interest to record. I have been trying to do 
 my duty, and have been taking Frances to see all the 
 fine churches, to the Luxembourg and various places 
 of interest. I think it as well she should have something 
 to talk about when she comes out in the world next 
 year. Mamma has no idea of keeping her always at her 
 side and not allowing her to talk to young men. It is 
 really quite absurd the way French girls are brought up. 
 How can they learn anything about the man they are 
 to marry if they are never allowed even to see them 
 without a duenna is present. Madame de Stael was so 
 sensible on this matter. She allowed Albertine at Coppet 
 to go for long walks with de Broglie, so that they would 
 know each other before marriage. It certainly in this case 
 is a success as I have never seen a happier couple in my 
 life; they are a model to all young married people. 
 
 145
 
 1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 APRIL 
 
 Such lovely weather. The trees are all breaking into 
 leaf, all is so fresh. Really I think the spring is the best 
 season. It has the same bloom of freshness like a young 
 child. I must really marry. I am sick of the thraldom 
 of Madame S. I have begim to dislike her. Of course, I 
 blame myself, but still she was older than me. I am 
 quite sick of this liaison. I have tried to break it on 
 several occasions but she makes such scenes, and as I 
 am rather weak where women are concerned I always 
 give in. 
 
 APRIL 8 
 
 There is much entertaining at present, but I am keeping 
 very quiet. I really have not felt at all well for some 
 time. My teeth have been giving me a great deal of 
 trouble. The dentist says it is from the fever I had in 
 Russia and the intense cold there. I will be glad when 
 we get to the quiet of Geneva; I love going on the lake. 
 Father has a horror of my sailing. Two of his cousins 
 on the twenty-first birthday of the eldest went for a sail in 
 a new boat that had been given to the latter for his birth- 
 day. Their house is actually on the lake on the way by the 
 lower road to Pregny. The wind is very treacherous on the 
 lake on account of the surrounding mountains. The boat 
 capsized in full view of both their father and mother and 
 both of the lads were drowned before help could be 
 obtained to rescue them. By their death, father was 
 left the last male of the Gallatin family. 
 
 APRIL 20 
 
 I was told such an interesting story to-day about Robert 
 Fulton.* It seems during the Terror he was in Paris; 
 wishing to go to England on business he obtained a permit 
 
 * Robert Fulton (inventor), first steamboat on the Seine, Paris, Au- 
 gust 9, 1803. At New York, 1807, started a steamboat, the Clermont, 
 on the Hudson River. 
 
 146
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 
 
 and passport. By accident it was made out for Mr. and 
 Mrs. Fulton. Arriving at Calais he was detained as 
 there was no packet crossing. In the evening at the 
 auberge where he was lodged, he noticed a young woman 
 who seemed in agony of mind — this was rather a common 
 thing in those days. At last she summoned up courage 
 to speak to him, saying, "I throw myself on your mercy. 
 I see you are a foreigner. I escaped from Paris where I 
 had foolishly gone to try and save some important docu- 
 ments. My husband would have gone but he is very ill in 
 England and I persuaded him to allow me to do so. 
 I am w^ithout a passport, and hardly dare to embark as 
 there is a price on my head, and I am certain to be arrested 
 and sent back to Paris. Can you help me?" Fulton 
 said, "I will do my best. I have my American passport, 
 oddly enough by error it was made out for myself and 
 wife, but she is in America. If you are willing to pass as 
 Mrs. Fulton, my wife, you are w^elcome to the little pro- 
 tection I can give you." As the lady in question was dis- 
 guised and very simply dressed the plan succeeded and 
 with the deepest gratitude she parted with him at Dover, 
 without revealing her name to him. Some years later 
 when Fulton was in Paris trying to raise money to put 
 his inventions into practice, he strolled one night into the 
 Theatre Fran^ais. Looking around the auditorium he 
 spied, much to his astonishment, in one of the boxes the 
 lady of his adventure splendidly dressed and covered 
 with jewels; at the same time she recognized him and 
 waved her fan to him, sending her husband at once to 
 escort him to her box. It was through her all the money 
 was found for him to carry out his great work. One 
 rarely hears of such gratitude. It was the Duchesse de L. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 Mamma is in her element. We are most uncomfortable. 
 Everything in the house is turned upside down, nothing 
 but cleaning. There is but one room sacred and that 
 
 147
 
 1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 is father's, where I take refuge. Every window is open, 
 we might as well live in the street; fortunately we are 
 entre Coiir et Jardin. The concierge at the gate has 
 orders to refuse admittance to all carriages. It is mamma's 
 and Berthal's carnival as we have taken a house near 
 Geneva for several months. We are taking some of the 
 servants, the others we will procure there. The servants 
 leave shortly as they go by diligence. We have hired a 
 roomy travelling carriage and will only take our body 
 servants with us — that is, two maids, father's man and 
 Lucien. They will be stowed away in the rumble. It 
 will take us over a week. I am not looking forward 
 to it. 
 
 MAY 
 
 We leave for Geneva to-morrow. I will be glad of the 
 rest. The life of a young man is a very gay one, burning 
 the candle both ends. 
 
 MAY 12 
 
 After all when everything was packed, the travelling 
 carriages engaged, father has some very important 
 dispatches which will keep us here another two months. 
 I was sorry for mamma and the servants who were going 
 to take their holidays. The house was all done up for 
 the summer, now everything has to be uncovered and 
 put straight. The best part of it is, Madame S. had 
 started to Aix en Savoi en route for Geneva. She will 
 be furious. She is quite capable of coming back. Still, 
 I will have a short breathing time of freedom. We had 
 excused ourselves to so many people who had sent us 
 invitations that we will look very stupid. To console 
 Frances, who was looking forward to our visit, I took her 
 to Suresnes; drove her in my curricle, hired a canoe and 
 we went on the river. It was a glorious day, with that 
 delicious smell of spring in the air. We started early and 
 
 148
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 
 
 I took something to eat, landed on an island and had a 
 picnic. We had chicken and hard-boiled eggs, but we 
 had forgotten the salt — it was stupid of Madame Berthal. 
 She had put in some splendid peaches that we were going to 
 take on the journey, they were good: it quite restored 
 Frances to her usual gaiety. She and I are such good 
 friends but she has got a temper of her own, I have 
 none, I often wish I had. We did not get home until 
 after sunset. I lost an oar, which delayed us. I think it 
 must have been the peach juice which went to my head 
 as we had nothing to drink stronger than barley-water 
 with lemon. We were as happy as two children. I think 
 I was the younger of the two. 
 
 NOVEMBER 1 
 
 We are now settled down at home, glad to get back. 
 Father still doing his best to effect a settlement of the 
 Indemnity claims, but it is an uphill task. Monsieur 
 Decazes is far more difficult to deal with than the Due 
 de Richelieu. Paris very gay — balls every night. The 
 King is far from well; we have no Court functions as 
 yet. The Duchesse d'Orleans gave a splendid ball on 
 the 4th; all the gardens illuminated — a fine sight. It 
 seems the poor old King was really made ill by the dis- 
 covery of a plot to make him abdicate in favour of Mon- 
 sieur; although Monsieur denied all knowledge of it, 
 he nevertheless was the instigator of it. We are having 
 a large Christmas dinner — Americans, French, and 
 English. Christmas is little kept by the French; New 
 Year's Day is the great festival. The Carnival is very 
 early this year, so the gaieties will go on. Both the 
 Due de Berri and the Due d'Orleans have made great 
 innovations. They said the Court was much too dull, 
 so have invited all sorts and conditions, not only to 
 parties but to dinners — savants, wits, deputies of all 
 shades and colour. 
 
 149
 
 1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 DECEMBER 8 
 
 The famous Abbe Gregoire* was turned out of the 
 Chamber of Deputies yesterday. He certainly is an 
 extraordinary mixture. It was he who proposed the 
 abolition of royalty; he also demanded of the Assembly 
 the condemnation to death of Louis XVI. It was he 
 who made the Assembly accord civil rights to the Jews 
 and coloured people. He tried to oppose the great 
 Napoleon in every way, but with little success. 
 We dined yesterday with the Comte and Comtesse 
 D'Orsay. He is a wonderful fop but very witty. Some 
 of his stories would make even a man blush, but he 
 seems to be a privileged person. Sosthene de la Roche- 
 foucauld was one of the guests — a person very full of 
 his own importance. Also that terrible Madame de Boigne 
 and her brother were among the guests; she tackled 
 father after dinner, asking him all sorts of questions 
 about manners and customs in America. I think he was 
 a little wearied by her, as I heard him say to her, " Madame, 
 when we have a social revolution in America we may 
 have better manners, as you have." She exclaimed, 
 "You are not an American, you are one of us." He 
 answered, "Pardon me, I represent a young and great 
 country of which I am justly proud." She is really a 
 firebrand. 
 
 DECEMBER 8 
 
 Mamma is preparing for Christmas: plum-puddings are 
 being made. Madame Berthal looks utterly disgusted 
 when she goes down to the kitchen to stir the puddings; 
 I do the same and so does Frances. Father only laughed 
 when we told him about it, and says, "Why not?" 
 Madame Recamier has invited me to dinner for the 17th. 
 I consider it a great honour as I am so young. Four notes 
 to-day from Madame S. — the first in despair, the second 
 
 * The Abb6 Gregoire, born December 4, 1750, died April 28, 1831. 
 
 150
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 
 
 apologizing for being in despair, the third gay and frivo- 
 lous, the fourth apologizing for being gay and frivolous. 
 Why will women write so much? — a dangerous habit. 
 All four went immediately into the fire. Hysterical 
 shrieks from the housekeeper's room. I rushed out to 
 see what was the matter. I met Berthal supporting 
 Frances and trying to balance her head-dress. Frances 
 was peeling some apples and had cut her finger; like the 
 silly little goose that she is, she fainted at the sight of her 
 own blood. I looked at her hand and said, "What 
 nonsense, it's nothing!" As she passed she gave me 
 a good kick. She has inherited something from mamma. 
 Off to a supper. No time to write any more. 
 
 DECEMBER 18 
 
 A most amusing dinner at Madame Recamier's, followed 
 by a very funny little lampoon on the Queen of Sweden; 
 it was called Trouvez-moi, mon Homme. It was really 
 very clever and well acted. Madame de J. represented 
 the unfortunate queen, and I really thought at first it 
 must be the Bernadotte in person. Some music followed. 
 One fat lady with ample and bulging charms — in fact, 
 bulging everywhere — played the harp. Her arms were 
 like legs of mutton; both arms were covered with jingling 
 bracelets. This, perhaps, was fortunate, as it sounded 
 like sleigh-bells with the occasional breaking of a string 
 or the snapping of a whip. When she had finished there 
 was not a string left on the harp. 
 
 DECEMBER 19 
 
 The Due de Coigny has invited me to Fontainebleau for 
 a chasse for two days. He is the governor of the chateau 
 and has a beautiful house. I am certain to enjoy myself. 
 
 DECEMBER 20 
 
 We are a very large party, all men — Mathieu de Mont- 
 morency, the Due de Serent, the Prince de Poix, the 
 
 151
 
 1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Marquis de Champonet, and a host of others. I drove 
 down with the Prince de Poix, who kindly offered to 
 take me. We hunt to-morrow morning. The duke has 
 placed two horses at my disposal. To-night he presented 
 me with the badge of the chasse, which was a great honour. 
 
 DECEMBER 22 
 
 We had a perfect day, but I was too tired to write last 
 night. It was very late when I w^as able to retire, as I 
 cannot leave until my elders and superiors go. The fine 
 air made me so sleepy. We killed seven fine sangliers — 
 one fell to me, of which I was very proud; also two 
 fine deer. It is a w'onderful pretty sight the curee in 
 front of a chateau by torchlight at night; all the spoils 
 of the chase are laid out in front of the famous horseshoe 
 staircase, then a sort of fanfare of cors de chasse is blown 
 for each head of game— in fact, a sort of funeral hymn. 
 I go back to Paris to-morrow in Mathieu de Mont- 
 morency's coach; he is Governor of Compiegne. Such 
 funny posts they have at Court. The Comte de Cosse 
 Brissac is Premier panetier du Roi. 
 
 DECEMBER 24 
 
 I have managed to save a little money, and with the legacy 
 which I had from my aunt, which was five hundred francs, 
 I have bought Frances a small string of pearls with a 
 nice diamond clasp. As we were not able to dine w^ith 
 the de Broglies last Christmas we are dining with them 
 to-morrow. Mamma sent the Duchesse a plum-pudding, 
 a huge one. Our cousins Naville and Jules de Bude 
 arrived to-night from Geneva to pay us a visit. Jules is 
 a kindred spirit of mine. Adrien Naville's mother was 
 an heiress. Mile de Gallatin, the only daughter of the 
 Count Paul Michael, the head of the family and father's 
 guardian. Her mother was nee de Bugnac and niece 
 of the Due de Biron; so Adrien has a host of relatives 
 in Paris. Father is very fond of him as he is very clever 
 
 152
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 
 
 and studious. Jules is quite the opposite; his studies 
 are devoted to that of the female form divine. 
 
 DECEMBER 26 
 
 We had such a cheerful Christmas Eve. Some Americans 
 who have no relatives here; father insisted on inviting 
 them and made mamma prepare a present for each. For 
 supper we had one of the famous plum-puddings, which 
 was carried in all ablaze. Frances has been hugging me 
 ever since I gave her the necklace. I tell her to pay- 
 attention to all the pearls that fall from my lips. Oh, 
 woman, woman ! Dear mamma gave me a large pair of 
 worsted mittens which she had knitted herself; she 
 intended them for a great surprise, but every time for 
 the last fortnight I went into her room there was a 
 scuffle. One day they were lying in her chair; she 
 suddenly sat down on them, needles and all. They are 
 orange and brown, absolutely hideous, but I will wear 
 them as I cannot wound her feelings. Father gave me 
 five hundred francs — it was good of him; Frances, a 
 satin shaving-paper holder which she had worked with 
 our coat-of-arms, which was quite crooked. 
 The dinner at the de Broglie's was quite delightful, without 
 any ceremony. Both Adrien and Jules are cousins of 
 Albertine's. We were twenty in all — mostly family. 
 First we had some silly charades and then we ended by 
 dancing. Jules drank much too much. jSIamma said 
 to me, "How could you?" I said, "It's Jules; I'm 
 not drunk." We all had presents: mine was a beautiful 
 whip for my curricle with an ivory handle and gold end 
 engraved with my initials. To Frances they gave a 
 lovely brooch formed of a large aquamarine surrounded 
 by small diamonds. 
 
 DECEMBER 30 
 
 I have been literally burning the candle at both ends. 
 I do not think Jules and I have slept in our own beds 
 
 153
 
 1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 since Christmas night. He looks a wreck. I am sorry 
 to say that both he and Adrien leave on New Year's Day; 
 they are going on a tour to Germany and Italy. They 
 are great friends, although so absolutely different in 
 character, 
 
 DECEMBER 31 
 
 Jules and I have made all sorts of engagements. I am 
 going to have a nap this afternoon as I am certain we 
 shall be up until the small hours of to-morrow morning. 
 Good-bye 1819; I part with you with regret. What a 
 pity I cannot say "Au revoir" ! 
 
 JANUARY 1, 1820 
 
 "A Happy New Year." New resolutions, only to be 
 broken. Such a night ! Last night I did not get home 
 until 7 o'clock this morning. This is rather Irish ! 
 We have just come from paying our respects to the 
 King — the same New Year's Court; also to the Palais 
 Royale and to the Elysee. It is such weary waiting, 
 standing all the time. I wonder father bears it so well; 
 he never seems tired. 
 
 JANUARY 24 
 
 A magnificent ball at the Elysee last night. In the 
 morning news had come to us of the death of the Duke 
 of Kent, but it was not to be made public until to-day, 
 so the ball would take place. The Due de Berri looked 
 very much out of temper. The Orleans family did not 
 appear, and it at once became whispered about that 
 the Duke of Kent* was dead. Of course it had a very 
 bad effect. Had the Allies still been here there would 
 have been no ball. It seems a great relief to the Royal 
 Family that the Allies have been withdrawn, I am not 
 surprised — but that they do not show much gratitude. 
 
 * Duke of Kent, son of George III, and father of the late Queen 
 Victoria. 
 
 154
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 
 FEBRUARY 8 
 
 We had a fine time yesterday. Some of our ladies of 
 the opera were going to have a fine car for the Carnival. 
 Several of us wanted to join them, but they were not 
 allowed to have men in their car. We got over the 
 difficulty by getting women's costumes. There were 
 six of us all dressed in full ballet dress, fleshing tights, 
 and full ballet-skirts; bare arms and necks, wigs and 
 masks. I was nearly frozen. We had a lot of cham- 
 pagne, which helped to keep us warm. We had supper 
 at the Maison Doree and such a supper ! About 2 
 o'clock in the morning there was a loud knocking at the 
 door: " Ouvrez, au nom du Roi." You can imagine 
 our feelings — particularly mine, as I was the only one 
 belonging to an embassy — to be found in ballet-skirts 
 by the police ! The door was opened and in walked 
 three of the heads of the police. " Vos noms, messieurs 
 et dames." We had taken off our wigs and masks, so 
 were easily recognized. Suddenly there was a shout 
 from Rochefoucauld, who jumped on the leading man, 
 dragging off his hat and wig, discovering Puysegur. To 
 all three he did the same thing. With roars of laughter 
 they told us they had disguised themselves and had been 
 to every room in the cafe and had taken the names of 
 all the occupants. We were the first to find them out. 
 As they were all friends of ours, we made them join us, 
 and the fun became fast and furious. De la Rochefou- 
 cauld had suddenly remembered that during the Carnival 
 no descents of the police were made, so he risked pulling 
 off Puysegur's wig. It took me a long time to recover 
 from the shock. It would have been a serious matter 
 for me, particularly if it had been made public. I would 
 have been obliged to leave Paris. I do not know what 
 father would have done. Oh, my head to-day ! We 
 are planning some more mischief to come off before the 
 end of the Carnival. Puysegur had a list of several well- 
 known people, whose names he took. We are going to 
 make them dance before we liave finished. 
 
 155
 
 1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 FEBRUARY 10 
 
 We put our heads together and have sent the most 
 official-looking documents to all whose names were taken 
 to appear at the Hotel de Ville to-morrow. We intend 
 going to some vantage-point to see them arrive. 
 
 FEBRUARY 11 
 
 Our joke came off splendidly. Coach after coach 
 drove up, but when the occupants asked for a certain 
 room, which number we put on the document, they 
 were informed there w^as no such room. Then one of 
 the documents was shown to an official, who said, "It 
 is Carnival; you have been duped." I wish you could 
 have seen their faces. Some of the ones of high rank 
 had written to the Due de Berri to intercede for them and 
 did not appear. He had been informed that it was a 
 joke and joined in it. We won't hear anything about it. 
 There is not one dare make any trouble. It seems the 
 Duke was very much amused, and has made many sallies 
 about it to the unfortunate ones, particularly the married 
 ones. 
 
 FEBRUARY 13 
 
 On Saturday there was a magnificent ball given by 
 Monsieur de Greffuhle. He had lately been made a peer. 
 The Due and Duchesse de Berri were present. There 
 had been rumours that there was a plot to assassinate 
 the Duke; all noticed that Monsieur de Greffuhle never 
 left him, and seemed much relieved when the Berris 
 retired. The Princesse de Galitzin bade me come to 
 her box at the opera on Sunday. We had the box adjoin- 
 ing the Royal one. The Due and Duchesse de Berri 
 were very well received. At the conclusion of the opera, 
 before the ballet commenced, the Duchess rose and, 
 bowing to the audience, retired with the Duke. As I 
 was not feeling well, I begged Madame de Galitzin to 
 excuse me and immediately followed. In the corridor 
 
 156
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 
 
 I heard a commotion, and, opening a door, I found 
 myself by the Royal exit. Monsieur de Brissac rushed 
 up to me saying, "Shut the door and stand by it; do 
 not let any one pass in or out. There has been an attack 
 on the life of the Due de Berri." At that moment the 
 Duke appeared, supported on one side by the Duchess 
 and on the other by Madame de Bethisy.* I could see a 
 dagger sticking in his breast, but he was talking in a low 
 voice to his wife. She was wonderfully calm, but tears 
 were running down her cheeks. She is enceinte. I fear 
 this may kill her. I heard orders being given to send 
 at once for Monsieur and the Due d'Angouleme. Mon- 
 sieur arrived first, accompanied by the Due de Fitz James, 
 and immediately went into the Royal salon, which is 
 behind the King's loge. They were closely followed by 
 the Due d'Angouleme and the Due de Maille; then 
 came Monsieur Decazes and a host of others. It was 
 all the more tragic as I could hear the music of the ballet 
 which w^as still going on. The audience had no knowl- 
 edge of what had happened. I forgot to mention that 
 before anybody arrived I heard a sharp cry from the 
 Royal salon. I was told afterwards that the Duke tried 
 to pull the knife out of his breast but was unable to do 
 so — that Madame de Bethisy, with great presence of 
 mind, pulled it out. Both she and the Duchess were 
 deluged in blood. I heard somebody say, "Does anybody 
 know if the knife was poisoned?" Monsieur Decazes 
 passed me hurriedly with Fitz-James. When they 
 returned (it seems they had been to question the assassin) 
 I heard Monsieur Decazes say in a loud voice, "The knife 
 is not poisoned." By this time several doctors arrived 
 and were doing all they could to staunch the flow of 
 blood. I could see into the salon, as the door was left 
 open as there were so many people. Monsieur Rohan- 
 Chabotf came up to me and begged me to still stop by 
 
 * Lady in waiting to the Duchess. 
 t Son of the Due de Rohan. 
 
 157
 
 1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 the door I was guarding. At that moment the Due 
 d'Orleans, with the Duchesse and Mile d'Orleans, passed 
 into the salon; they were all in tears. The next thing 
 I heard w^as an order given to send for the King. The 
 Due de Maille went to fetch him. I felt then there could 
 not be much hope. To my horror, I heard the Duchesse 
 de Berri in loud tones denouncing Monsieur Decazes, 
 saying, " C'est lid, le vrai assassin.'' They tried to stop 
 her. A sudden hush and the poor old King arrived, 
 leaning heavily on the Duchesse d'Angouleme and the 
 Due de Maille.* His Majesty was composed and looking 
 very stern. It was an extraordinary sight. The Duchesse 
 d'Angouleme hurriedly passed me and met poor little 
 Mademoiselle, who had been sent for and came carried 
 in the arms of ]\Ille de Gontaut.f Then two priests 
 passed. I knew then the end was near. Suddenly all knelt. 
 As the sacrament was being given to the dying man I think 
 everybody was in tears; I know I cried. Then in silence 
 we all rose to our feet and waited. It seemed hours to 
 me, as I was ready to drop with fatigue. Then the 
 priest began intoning a prayer. Again all sank on to 
 their knees. The end had come. Then a horrible thing 
 happened. The Duchesse de Berri again commenced to 
 scream, calling Monsieur Decazes "Assassin! Assassiyil" 
 It was really too horrible. After they had quieted her, 
 in absolute silence — with the exception of the Grand 
 Chamberlain announcing " Le Roi, le Roi" — a mournful 
 procession passed me. First, the King supporting the 
 Duchesse de Berri, who had the hand of jMademoiselle, 
 the Duchesse d'Angouleme on the other side of her; 
 they were followed by all the rest of the Royal Family. 
 I could hear the orders given by the officers to the soldiers 
 who by now were keeping the streets. 
 Monsieur de Brissac came to me, shook my hands and 
 
 * Grand Chamberlain of Louis XVIII. 
 
 tThe MS. here is illegible and I have had to guess at the 
 meaning. — Ed. 
 
 158
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 
 
 simply said "Merci." He asked me if I would like to 
 go into the salon. I followed him. He motioned me 
 to kneel and, handing the brush from the holy-water bowl, 
 motioned me to sprinkle the corpse, which I did. I 
 would not believe the Duke was dead. He was still sitting 
 up in a large gilt arm-chair, his head supported by a 
 cushion, and surrounded by the officers of his household. 
 The priest knelt in front of him praying. It was a 
 sight I will never forget. In silence Monsieur de Maille 
 shook my hand, and I retired. On gaining the street, 
 which was packed with people and troops, I had great 
 difficulty in getting through the crowd, had it not 
 happened that I was recognized by one of the officers, 
 Monsieur de Puysegur, who sent an escort of soldiers to 
 make way for me. Although more dead than alive when 
 arriving at home, I at once went up to father's room and 
 awakened him. When I told him the news he exclaimed, 
 " What a catastrophe ! — ^the unfortunate Bourbons — a 
 blow for France indeed!" He made me go at once to 
 bed as I was hardly able to stand. 
 
 FEBRUARY 16 
 
 At 10 o'clock this morning a note was sent that all the 
 Diplomatic Corps were to go to the Tuilleries at 1 o'clock. 
 I accompanied father. The large salle was in total darkness 
 with the exception of about twenty large candles {cierges) in 
 great silver candlesticks. In order of seniority, first the 
 Ambassadors and their suites, then the Ministers, passed 
 before the throne, in front of which was standing the 
 Due d'Angouleme surrounded by the high Court officials 
 in the deepest mourning. Absolute silence with the 
 exception of the announcement by the Grand Chamber- 
 lain as the representative of each country passed — La 
 Russie, I'Espagne, &c. &c. — followed by the dropping on 
 the floor of the halberds with a ringing sound. It was 
 most solemn and impressionable. The Duke bowed to 
 each one. Not a word was spoken. So we passed oiit. 
 
 159
 
 1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 The assassin's name is Louvel, a saddler. It seems he 
 has been following the poor Duke for a long time waiting 
 his opportunity. He must have had many chances as 
 the Duke went about in the most open manner, often 
 quite alone. Rumours of all sorts. Some say it was a 
 conspiracy. The Duchesse de Berri still accuses Monsieur 
 Decazes.of being the head of it. Others that it was 
 a personal revenge. " Cherchez la femme," others say; 
 the Duke's amours were so well known — he not taking 
 the slightest care to hide them. 
 
 FEBRUARY 17 
 
 This morning father went to the Palais Royal and was 
 received by Mile d'Orleans. She was in great grief; she 
 was devoted to the Due de Berri. She said, when dying 
 he was the most collected and calm of them all, that he 
 thought of everybody — of two children, girls, who were 
 in England; they are the daughters of a "Miss Brown" 
 W'hom he married in London under a false name before 
 the Restoration. He begged his wife to take them and to 
 bring them up as if they were her own daughters. She 
 promised to do so. He tried to comfort one and all. 
 
 FEBRUARY 18 
 
 So great is the outcry against Monsieur Decazes that 
 he will have to leave the Ministry. Father is much 
 incensed about it; I will not for one moment believe 
 that he was in any way implicated. Decazes' life has 
 been threatened and he has to go about guarded. The 
 people insult him as he passes in his carriage; they are 
 incensed against him. It is a strange thing that the 
 populace always have affection for a Royalty who is 
 a little wild. It was exactly the same with Henri IV, 
 whom the late Duke much resembled in the life he led. 
 
 FEBRUARY 19 
 
 A Monsieur Claude de Coursergues, a deputy, denounced 
 Monsieur Decazes in the Chamber yesterday as insti- 
 
 160
 
 A- 
 
 i'' 
 
 \\ Jf<^
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 
 
 gator of the assassination. I am glad to say he was 
 indignantly howled down. 
 
 The King sent this morning for the Due de Richelieu, 
 who was on the eve of starting for England to compliment 
 George IV on his accession. The King requested him 
 to take Monsieur Decazes' place, but he absolutely 
 refused to do so. When pressed for his reasons he said 
 "the King was so old" and that "Monsieur" (the 
 heir to the Crown) was absolutely opposed to him. 
 
 FEBRUARY 21 
 
 It seems that Monsieur had given his word that if he 
 became king he would support Monsieur de Richelieu. 
 Still nothing decided, 
 
 FEBRUARY 22 
 
 Monsieur Decazes has begged the King to accept his 
 resignation. After some time, it seems, the King, with 
 great grief, accepted it. He created him "Due" and 
 he goes to London as ambassador. Monsieur de Richelieu 
 at last has consented to accept office. Monsieur has 
 given him every promise of support in every way. Father 
 has no faith in Monsieur's promises. He thinks him 
 false in everything. 
 
 The lying-in-state and funeral of the Due de Berri was 
 very fine. The actual funeral was not on so grand a 
 scale as that of the Prince de Conde, which I have 
 mentioned before. 
 
 MARCH 1820 
 
 The Duchesse de Berri is more violent than ever against 
 the Due de Decazes and his party; it is all very painful. 
 Of course all gaiety and entertaining is at an end. For 
 myself, I have no heart for it. I can scarcely realize 
 that the poor Duke is dead — always so gay and cheerful, 
 so full of life and spirits. He will be more and more 
 missed as time goes on; there is nobody to fill his place. 
 The Queen of Sweden is getting madder and madder, 
 
 161
 
 1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 she does not let poor Monsieur de Richelieu alone for a 
 moment; she is the laughing-stock of Paris. He will 
 not even speak to her, but that seems to egg her on all 
 the more. Louvel was questioned in private, but his 
 trial will not take place as yet. Some say he is a 
 lunatic. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 I only go to the Fran(;'ais now. IVIlle George is very fine. 
 Poor old Talma one can hardly hear. It is really sad to 
 see the wreck of such a once fine actor; still at times 
 he has fine bursts of passion, revealing some of his old 
 powers. The opera has been closed since the assassina- 
 tion of the Duke. 
 
 APRIL 
 
 A bomb exploded yesterday at the Louvre. Rumour 
 says that several bombs have been discovered in the 
 gardens and under the windows of the Duchesse de Berri. 
 The poor old King is much disturbed. He, as well as 
 everybody else, fears that if a bomb did explode near 
 to the apartment occupied by the Duchesse de Berri 
 it might bring on a premature confinement. Since the 
 death of the Duke the Duchess has moved to the Tuilleries. 
 The eyes of the whole of France are fixed on the palace, 
 hoping for an heir. Louvel's trial commenced on the 
 5th. I applied for permission to attend, which was 
 granted. 
 
 It seems he is now thought to be a lunatic and there will 
 be a further trial. All this must be most painful to the 
 Royal Family. There are strange rumours afloat about 
 the bombs; even the Duchesse de Berri's name is 
 mentioned — it is too monstrous. 
 
 MAY 1820 
 
 An officer of bad character has been arrested in con- 
 nexion with the bomb explosions. He is to be tried 
 at once. 
 
 162
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 
 
 Madame Patterson Bonaparte has intimated her inten- 
 tion of paying a visit to Paris; she is now in Geneva. 
 The Duchesse de Courland (Talleyrand's niece) has 
 been troubling father very much lately. She has interest 
 in property in America and seems to think it is his place 
 to attend to it for her. This has given us all a chance, 
 mamma in particular, as the Duchess comes to see him 
 nearly daily; we all say it is a second case of the Queen 
 of Sweden and Monsieur de Richelieu. I really think 
 it is beginning to trouble him, as he has a horror of any 
 scandal being attached to his name. Pozzo di Borgo 
 strongly advised him to get rid of her. He thinks 
 anybody who has any connexion with Monsieur de Talley- 
 rand dangerous. He has, like father, supreme contempt 
 for the latter — calls him a turncoat, a liar, libertine, &c. &c. 
 He certainly is a man without a vestige of principle. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 Frances is now seventeen and remarkably pretty. Had 
 the Court not been in mourning she would have made 
 her debut, but will now have to wait until next year. 
 I think mamma is very glad, as she dreads having to 
 sit up so late. We tell her she is very lucky only to have 
 one daughter — that most Englishwomen have eight or 
 ten. 
 
 JUNE 6 
 
 To-day was Louvel's trial. I was present. There were 
 no revelations of any kind. He is a poor lunatic. He 
 had nursed the idea he must kill somebody for years. 
 He is to be executed to-morrow. 
 
 JUNE 8 
 
 I now deeply regret I went to the execution. There 
 was a large body of troops as there had been serious 
 disturbance in the night. It was at 3 o'clock in 
 bright June sunshine, which made it all the more horrible. 
 
 163
 
 1820J DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 I never could imagine human beings could turn into 
 beasts; a French mob is horrible. One now realizes 
 what the Terror was. The wretched assassin was half 
 dead before he was dragged up the steps of the guillotine. 
 It was all over in a moment. I had to go and drink 
 some brandy — a thing I have never done in my life 
 before. It took me two hours to get out of the howling 
 crowd, more like wild animals than anything else — the 
 women far worse than the men. 
 
 JULY 
 
 We again go to Geneva for two months. I will be very 
 glad of the rest and quiet. Of course father has had 
 nothing to do. The affairs of the Court, with all the 
 plots and counter-plots, have occupied all the time of the 
 Ministry. 
 
 Madame de Courland has been got rid of. Father has 
 a very pale face and white hands; Pozzo di Borgo 
 hinted to her that he had leprosy. She wrote begging 
 father not even to write to her, that she feared she had 
 troubled him too much, &c. &c. Poor Pozzo passed a 
 bad quarter of an hour with mamma, who will never 
 forgive him. Father was much amused. 
 Monsieur de Chateaubriand is deeply hurt that he is 
 not in the Ministry; neither the King nor Monsieur de 
 Richelieu like him. We leave to-morrow for Geneva. . . . 
 
 164
 
 PART IV 
 
 THE MINISTRY IN FRANCE 
 
 FROM THE ASSASSINATION OF THE DUG DE BERRI 
 TO THE RETURN OF ALBERT GALLATIN TO AMERIGA 
 
 SEPTEMBER 18^0— JUNE 1823 
 
 SEPTEMBER 1820: GENEVA 
 
 Father has just had news of a great conspiracy. Unfor- 
 tunately Monsieur de Lafayette is mixed up in it — in 
 fact, one of the leaders; others are the Due de Rovigo, 
 Monsieur Lafitte, General Pajol, and a host of others. 
 There is to be a trial before the Court of Peers. I am 
 glad we are here, as if we had been in Paris it would have 
 caused father great worry. He has a very deep affection 
 for Monsieur de Lafayette. 
 
 Madame Patterson Bonaparte is here. She is much 
 sought after; her wit and beauty seem to open all doors 
 to her. She is very bitter at the present moment against 
 Mrs. Caton, one of whose daughters married Madame B.'s 
 brother Robert and is now a widow. There is great 
 scandal about her and the Duke of Wellington. He 
 follows her everywhere; in fact, it is an open secret 
 that she is his mistress. Mrs. Caton has married another 
 of her daughters to a Mr. Harvey. The third one is 
 very beautiful, and the mother has great hopes of making 
 a fine marriage for her. Madame Bonaparte talks of 
 nothing else but "Bo" her son, and his marriage. As 
 he is now only a fat boy it is a little premature. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 28 
 
 We arrived in Paris this morning to find the city in a 
 ferment of enthusiasm on account of the birth of a son 
 
 165
 
 1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 to the Duchesse de Berri yesterday. It was really 
 wonderful to see the change in everybody. When we 
 left in May all was dull and black; now everybody, 
 even the streets, are radiant. Cannon are booming; 
 fireworks at night, feu de joie, and goodness knows what. 
 We had at once to go to the palace pour nous inscrire. 
 They say the King is delighted. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 29 
 
 The child is called the Due de Bordeaux.* He was 
 privately christened at once, but there is to be a great 
 public christening later on. 
 
 We went to-day to the Palais Royal. It did not strike 
 me that the Orleans family looked or seemed particularly 
 pleased. The two daughters of "Mrs. Brown" were 
 there; they are treated with great kindness and have 
 been given titles. "Mrs. Brown" has been given a 
 chateau in Brittany. She certainly behaved wonderfully 
 well. Her marriage in England was quite en regie. 
 Oddly enough, there is a boy as well, but no notice has 
 been taken of him; he is simply called "Thomas Brown." 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 It has been the most extraordinary trial of the leaders 
 of the conspiracy of August. All the leaders have 
 escaped free and only some most unimportant persons 
 have been punished. The Due de Bassano has been 
 allowed to return to France. He is so old and considered 
 quite harmless now. 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 We have some work to do, as Monsieur de Richelieu has 
 intimated to father that he is willing to open negotiations 
 re the Indemnity. That anything will really be done 
 
 * Henri-Charles-Ferdinand-Marie-Dieudonn6 d'Artois, Due de Bor- 
 deaux, born September 28, 1820, afterwards known as the Comte de 
 Chambord. 
 
 166
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 
 
 I strongly doubt. Mr. Sheldon has gone on a holiday, 
 so all the important work falls on my shoulders. Paris 
 still dull as far as Society goes. I was pointed out the 
 Marquise de Guiccioli yesterday, Lord Byron's mistress; 
 she is very charming to look at, gentle and sweet. 
 Of course the one topic of conversation is the Duchesse 
 de Berri and her son, the Due de Bordeaux — " Esperance 
 de la France," as he is called. The King looks much 
 better, is far more cheerful. There are some unpleasant 
 rumours of the Due d'Orleans having thrown doubts on 
 the legitimacy of the Due de Bordeaux, but I believe it 
 is without question of a doubt that he is the son of the 
 Due de Berri. When the latter was dying he said to the 
 King, "Soigne mafemme; elle est enceinte" 
 I am going to fetes every night as Paris is again plunged 
 into wild gaiety. The people are too glad of an excuse 
 to throw off the mourning and gloom. Frances makes 
 her debut at the first Court. I have been telling her 
 how to behave. She has a dancing mistress to teach 
 her how to curtsy and to back without tumbling over. 
 The christening of the Due de Bordeaux was a splendid 
 sight. He was held up at an open window to be shown 
 to the populace and was received with roars of cheers. 
 The old Duke of Gordon was present; I was so glad 
 to see him. I had a little love affair with Katinka 
 Galitzin. Her father is not very rich, and as I have 
 nothing, it soon came to an end. We remain the best 
 of friends. 
 
 Really Mr. Astor is dreadful. Father has to be civil to 
 him, as in 1812-13 he rendered great services to the 
 Treasury. He came to dejeuner to-day; we were simply 
 enfamille, he sitting next to Frances. He actually wiped 
 his fingers on the sleeves of her fresh white spencer. 
 Mamma in discreet tones said, "Oh, Mr. Astor, I must 
 apologize; they have forgotten to give you a serviette." 
 I think he felt foolish. 
 
 A splendid Court ball last night; the dresses and jewels 
 
 167
 
 1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 of the ladies and the superb uniforms of the men 
 made a fine show. Father looks like a blot of ink 
 amongst all this finery. Of course I dress as I like; 
 we have no official diplomatic uniform in America. 
 Some near-sighted Hungarian officer, not seeing he 
 was in front of the Duchesse d'Angouleme, caught 
 his spur in the lace of her dress and tore yards of 
 splendid lace. He was covered with confusion, but she 
 was so gracious; she is so womanly. I do not think I 
 have ever seen so sad a face, but she is the most royal- 
 looking person I have ever seen; the "descendant of a 
 hundred kings" certainly applies to her. I noticed her 
 expression of intense scorn when Prince de Talleyrand 
 passed; he is horrible. 
 
 With the change of Ministry after the disgrace, or at 
 least removal, of the Due de Decazes, Monsieur de 
 Richelieu is again in power. Monsieur de Serre, Minister 
 of Justice; Pasquier, Affaires Etrangeres (which father 
 much regrets); Latour Maubourg, Ministre de la Guerre; 
 Portal IMarine and Roy, ISIinistre des Finances; Baron 
 Meunier, Directeur of Police; and Monsieur Simeon, 
 Ministre de ITnterieur. Father thinks it a very weak 
 Government — that it will not last long. . . . 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 The Marquis de Lauriston, a descendant of Law, the 
 South Sea Bubble adventurer, is appointed Ministre de la 
 Maison du Roi. We had a small sauterie for Frances 
 and her young friend. She's now seventeen. It was 
 very pretty; all the young girls were so fresh and enjoyed 
 everything so much it was a pleasure to watch them. 
 Dear mamma had arranged a surprise in the shape of a 
 gift hunt. We all were given numbers and then we went 
 into the gallery, where all the presents were hidden in 
 all sorts of the most out-of-the-way places. I helped her 
 to arrange it with the invaluable Berthal. Each had a 
 number corresponding with tickets. It was really good 
 
 168
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 
 
 and quite delightful — such laughter and little suppressed 
 shrieks of delight when the parcel with the corresponding 
 number was discovered. The presents were so pretty — 
 a donkey with a wobbley head for me and a goose full 
 of bon-bons for Frances. We both agreed it was too 
 personal; mamma has more wit than we gave her 
 credit for. Father came in with dear Pozzo di Borgo 
 and looked on at the "hunt," and was much amused. 
 Then a delightful little supper. It was all over by 11 
 o'clock. Of course there is little entertaining on a 
 large scale on account of the Due de Berri's death; we 
 of the corps diplomatique entertain in a small way. The 
 English Ambassadress has sent out invitations for a 
 party for very young people for Thursday; it is to be 
 costume. Frances is going as "Titania" and I as 
 the ass. I have had a wonderful head made by the 
 costumier of the opera; it is all of silk and is very light — 
 not at all hot. 
 
 The little hal costume was a great success; some of the 
 dresses were beautiful. Frances was as pretty as any- 
 body; she has that lovely skin and such beautiful eyes. 
 Her dress was all clinging white silver material, and 
 she had a wreath of light blue cornflowers in her hair, 
 which was flowing down her back. Her wand was a 
 huge sunflower. Sosthene de la Rochefoucauld, with 
 his usual cynical manner, came up to me and said: 
 "Tout le monde te reconnait; tu n'as pas pu choisir un 
 costume qui t'ira mieuxJ" I will be even with him yet. 
 I never knew a man who fancied himself so much; he 
 is a male Madame de Boigne. 
 
 We had a Maypole dance; there was a beautiful "may- 
 pole" decorated with flowers and ribbons. After this 
 was finished we all (the young people) filed before the 
 Ambassador and Ambassadress dancing a polonaise. 
 We arrived home at midnight, but I went out again. 
 Father has enjoined mamma never to ask me any ques- 
 tions — very wise, I think, as if I told her the truth she 
 
 169
 
 1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 would soon be in her grave, with her strict ideas. Will I 
 ever reform? Paris is waking up. Pozzo di Borgo is 
 giving a sauterie for Frances. He sent to Russia for all 
 sorts of beautiful presents; he has consulted mamma 
 about some original way of distributing them. 
 
 NOVEMBER 20 
 
 It was delightful at the Russian Embassy — all very 
 young people. After supper the doors of the ballroom 
 were thrown open; half-way across the room a great 
 rope of flowers about three feet from the ground, at the 
 far end a row of targets. Silver arrows were presented 
 to the ladies and gold ones to the gentlemen; we had 
 to throw them at the targets. If we hit (I am sorry to 
 say the girls often missed), Pozzo, assisted by several 
 ambassadors, presented us with the most beautiful 
 Russian bibelots, much too fine. I had a beautiful inlaid 
 snuff-box; Frances a complete Russian peasant costume 
 — the head-dress had seed-pearls and turquoises on it. 
 We danced all sorts of pretty dances, ending with a 
 Russian mazurka which twelve of us had learnt. I led 
 off with Katinka Galitzin. It was really extremely pretty 
 and very well done. We had straps covered with gilt 
 bells on our ankles — that is, the men; the girls had the 
 same on their wrists. The orchestra as a finale played 
 all the different national airs. "Yankee Doodle" 
 sounded rather tame and vulgar after the grand Russian 
 Hymn and "God save the King." Oddly enough, "God 
 save the King" is the national Hymn of Geneva; it 
 was played after the "Escalade" in 1602. The name 
 of the composer is not known; both Lulli and Handel 
 claimed it, but that is absurd, as the original manuscript 
 music is in the Arsenal at Geneva. After a Russian 
 punch chaud, which Pozzo insisted upon our drinking, 
 home we went. I was very tired. 
 
 170
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 
 
 SUNDAY 
 
 Frances came down to breakfast this morning in her 
 Russian costume. Poor mamma's face was a study in 
 religion. She could not utter at first, so father stepped 
 in the breach, saying, "How lovely you look, and where 
 did all this finery come from?" He knew nothing of it 
 as he has not been at the Embassy. By this time mamma 
 had recovered her speech. I saw the storm coming. 
 "Frances, have you forgotten that it is the Lord's Day? 
 Go to your room and pray for forgiveness." I left the 
 room; so did father. 
 
 NOVEMBER 1820 
 
 Dined at the Spanish Embassy. The Papal nuncio was 
 present. All ladies in high waists. It seems it is not 
 etiquette for ladies to be decollete when he is present, 
 excepting at Court. Madame S. embarrasses me at times; 
 I feel hot all over, as I am quite certain people must see 
 how she looks at me. Mamma was very fine in red 
 velvet. Her skin is so deadly white and fine that she 
 would be noticed anywhere; I was very proud of her. 
 After the nuncio retired some Spanish dances were danced 
 beautifully. Such a strange custom ! When the nuncio 
 arrived he was preceded by two footmen walking back- 
 wards holding silver candelabra with lighted candles; 
 the same thing was repeated when he retired. I noticed 
 he looked astonished when mamma did not kiss his ring. 
 It was afterwards explained to him that she was a 
 Protestant. Driving home, father laughingly teased her 
 about it, saying she should have done so. "No such 
 flummery for me," she said. We found Frances had 
 high fever. A doctor was sent for and fears it is scarlet 
 fever; he says he cannot be certain until to-morrow, 
 as there is no rash as yet. 
 
 171
 
 1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 DECEMBER 2 
 
 Poor Frances has scarlet fever and is isolated in the chalet 
 in the garden. Mamma will not leave her. Father had 
 some news from America which has rather annoyed him. 
 It seems some ignorant Yankee called attention to the way 
 he was living in Paris — that his house was too large, that 
 his servants wore showy liveries, &c. &c. Father is 
 simplicity itself, but he feels he ought to keep up a 
 certain style in a country where such things are so much 
 thought of; he feels it is due to the prestige of the 
 country he represents. They might just as well resent 
 his going to Court — it is quite ridiculous. Monsieur 
 de Lafayette has just called; he consulted him on the 
 matter. The former is certainly republican enough in 
 all his ideas. Father has penned a very dignified answer, 
 which I have just drafted. He requests to be recalled 
 if his way of living is not considered proper, but that 
 he will not change it in any way. He and I are dining 
 with the Barings to-day. Of course mamma had to 
 excuse herself on account of Frances. 
 
 DECEMBER 4 
 
 We had a charming dinner at the Barings'. The old 
 Due de Bassano was present. He is really about the 
 only respectable person that Napoleon created a duke, 
 although he was a lawyer or hommes d'affaires, or some- 
 thing of that sort, but of low origin. Poor Frances is 
 better as it is a mild attack. In any case it will prevent 
 her from going to any of the Christmas festivities. Mamma 
 feared her complexion might be injured, but the doctor 
 assures her it will not be in any way affected. . . . 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 I have refused all invitations for the present as, although 
 Frances is still isolated, I have never had scarlet fever 
 myself. The doctor thinks I had better remain quiet 
 for a few days. . . . 
 
 172
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 
 DECEMBER 10 
 
 I had a piece of very bad luck to-day. A certain lady 
 of the grand rnonde had smiled upon me. I had a rendez- 
 vous with her at the old Palais Royal in the Marais in 
 the afternoon. It is the most unlikely place in the world 
 to meet anybody. I know of a very quiet little cafe 
 there with cabinet yarticidier ; as we walked toward it 
 I spied a lady approaching with a footman behind her. 
 Horror of horrors ! — mamma ! Now if it had been the 
 moon arm-in-arm with the sun taking a walk I would 
 not have been more flabbergasted, but it was mamma in 
 the flesh. Nothing was to be done but to brazen it out. 
 With a sickly smile and a grand coup de chapeau I 
 approached her, instantly saying, "Allow me to present 
 you to the Comtesse de C." Mamma stared, mamma 
 curtsied; Madame de C. did the same. Mamma curtsied 
 again, Madame de C. ditto; but not a word did mamma 
 utter. I own I was rather proud of her, but the situation 
 was becoming rather strained. I said to Madame de C, 
 "Comtesse, will you allow me to conduct you to your 
 coach?" This really meant a fiacre, as Madame de C. 
 had left her coach in the Rue de Rivoli. Mamma glared, 
 curtsied again; finding her voice, said, "James, return 
 when you have found the comtesse's coach," with an 
 accent grave on the coach. I could not do anything else. 
 When I did return mamma took my arm and walked 
 ten times around the Palais Royal. I suppose it will 
 mean some more tracts when we get home. It seems 
 the poor old dear, on account of fear of infection to 
 others, had come to this isolated place to take a little 
 exercise. My luck is on the wane. 
 
 DECEMBER 12 
 
 Not a word have I heard since of my little peccadillo. 
 I think father must have said something, for I am certain 
 she told him. She really thinks I am still a child, for- 
 getting I am three-and-twenty. 
 
 173
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 DECEMBER 17 
 
 Madame de C. will never forgive me; she is furious. 
 
 DECEMBER 20 
 
 The boulevards are so brilliant for Noel, I walk there 
 
 every evening. 
 
 DECEMBER 26 
 
 The usual Christmas festivities, but I have become very 
 rangS, so remained at home. All ray friends seem to be 
 getting married, and I am only semi-attached. 
 
 JANUARY 1, 1821 
 
 Another year gone, and still we stop on here practically 
 doing nothing. Father is getting old, and I doubt if he 
 will ever return to America. Mr. Astor has written to 
 him again making new oflfers, all of which he has refused. 
 He says he must not die rich after holding the posts he 
 has. I have never known of anybody, with the excep- 
 tion of the Due de Richelieu, who is so absolutely honest 
 and disinterested; both on his mission to the Hague and 
 to England he only charged his absolute out-of-pocket 
 expenses. Would that there were more politicians in 
 America of his calibre ! I fear there are few, if any. It 
 is not astonishing he has so many firm friends such as 
 Alexander Baring, Pozzo di Borgo, Lafayette, and the 
 Humboldts — men whose friendship is worth having. I 
 only wish I were more like him. 
 
 MONDAY 
 
 I had a bad accident skating at Vincennes on Saturday 
 and broke my arm — fortunately the left one. Had it 
 been my right arm I do not know what I should have 
 done. It caused me great pain; the bone-setter was 
 very rough. To add to my troubles, my hair is beginning 
 to fall out. This was caused by the fever I contracted 
 
 174
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 
 
 that horrible winter at St. Petersburg. One consolation — 
 I can always wear a wig. 
 
 FEBRUARY 2 
 
 I had a horrid accident on Saturday. I was driving a 
 new horse in my cabriolet with Lucien up behind. Coming 
 down the Elysees I spied the King's coach driven at the 
 usual high speed, which makes a rumbling. As etiquette 
 requires, I drew up at the side, and was holding my hat 
 off when my horse shied and over we went. Of course, 
 I fell on my injured arm, which has always given me 
 trouble; it was badly set at first — in fact, it had to be 
 broken again and set, causing me great uneasiness. The 
 Comtesse de Brissac was passing in her coach; she 
 stopped and most kindly insisted on conveying me to 
 her hotel in the Faubourg St.-Honore, which is quite 
 close. She sent for a surgeon, and, much to my chagrin, 
 he announced another slight fracture. After attending 
 to me, Madame de B. most graciously put her coach at 
 my disposal to take me home. She is forty but still 
 very handsome. She held my right hand while the 
 surgeon was binding my arm; I think she squeezed it. 
 Nous verrons. Lucien and the horse were not injured 
 but the cabriolet was damaged. 
 
 This morning I was sitting in mamma's boudoir reading, 
 as my arm was so painful I could not write. Frances 
 was embroidering and mamma going through her religious 
 devotions, which consists of reading a sermon of Jeremy 
 Taylor's, her daily allowance. A footman hurriedly 
 entered without knocking — a venial offence. lie looked 
 white and scared, and mumbled, "Would Madame 
 I'Ambassadress permit JNIadame Berthal to speak to her?" 
 Enter Madame Berthal, very red and flurried, her very 
 cap quivering with excitement. Approaching mamma, 
 in a low tone she said, "Madame I'Ambassadress, there 
 has been an accident. Louise (one of the kitchen wenches) 
 has tripped over the cat on the lower stairs, and there are 
 
 175
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 two." "Two what?" asked mamma. "Twins," 
 replied Madame Berthal. "What nonsense!" said 
 mamma. "Is the girl injured? It does not matter 
 about the kittens; drown them." "Not kittens, Madame 
 r Ambassadress, babies." Never will I forget mamma's 
 face. Down went Jeremy Bentham bang on the floor. 
 Up rose mamma, her cap literally standing on end. She 
 thundered, "Frances, leave the room." I could no 
 longer contain myself and burst into roars of laughter. 
 This was too much for mamma. "James, I am ashamed 
 of you. Leave the room at once." I really expected to 
 receive Jeremy on my head before reaching the door. 
 Only too glad to escape, I sought refuge in father's room. 
 When I succeeded in suppressing my laughter I com- 
 menced telling him what had happened. I had only 
 commenced my story when he was summoned to mamma's 
 room. When he returned he tried to look serious, but 
 I saw the corners of his mouth twitching. Poor Berthal 
 mamma has dismissed for her want of discretion. Father 
 sent to the Convent of the Sacre Coeur, which is quite 
 close to us, and obtained permission to send the poor 
 girl and her twins to the hospital there. He sent for a 
 coach and had her conveyed there. W^hat passed 
 between him and mamma I do not know, but she locked 
 herself in the room for the remainder of the day. Frances 
 asked me this evening if I thought she could have one 
 of the kittens. I told her they were drowned ! ! ! 
 The twins died last night. . . . 
 
 My arm is so painful I cannot write any more. . . . 
 Mamma has forgiven me. Jean, such a nice-looking 
 groom, is the cause of all the trouble. He is going to 
 marry the girl as soon as she is well. Father insists 
 on retaining them both in his service. Mamma looks 
 injured and draws deep sighs. Poor Berthal has been 
 reinstated; father insisted upon it. 
 
 176 
 
 I
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 
 FEBRUARY 12 
 
 There have been more bomb explosions and the police 
 have not the slightest clue. On January 27 a bomb in 
 the Tuilleries — nobody injured. On the 31st another at 
 the Treasury, several near the palace windows; still not 
 the faintest clue. Scenes every day in the Chamber, one 
 party accusing the other. Then a lull for a time. 
 
 FEBRUARY 15 
 
 I do not feel well enough to join in the Carnival this year. 
 The fact is, I have had enough of it all. I am now nearly 
 four-and-twenty, and it is high time to settle down. 
 Frances is to make her debut this year but not until 
 the spring. 
 
 FEBRUARY 17 
 
 Such a magnificent ball at the Tuilleries last night. 
 The Duchesse d'Angouleme was superbly regal: her 
 train of white velvet thickly embroidered with gold 
 fleurs-de-lis with a broad gold border, lined and faced 
 with ermine; her dress entirely of superb lace, which 
 they told me had belonged to her mother; the highest 
 diadem of emeralds and diamonds that I have ever seen, 
 it was quite four inches. A veil of superb lace hung 
 down below her shoulders; a belt and stomacher of 
 diamonds and one enormous emerald in the centre; 
 from the shoulders hung great strings of diamonds. 
 The Duchess d'Orleans in rose-coloured velvet; Mile 
 d'Orleans in blue; the Duchesse de Berri in white with 
 a train bordered with sable (this was her first appearance 
 since her husband's assassination). They made a truly 
 royal group. The poor King was in a chair with wheels, 
 as he suffers from swollen legs. 
 
 FEBRUARY 20 
 
 At last I have had a bilious attack. Mamma is in her 
 element; she loves to say "I told you so." Now, when 
 
 177
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 one is bilious one is not in the best of tempers; I do so 
 long to throw a boot at her. 
 
 JEBRUARY 22 
 
 All right again and taking Frances to some small evening 
 parties. She has not been brought up in the French 
 way; mamma allows her much more liberty. Frances 
 can take care of herself; she has great dignity combined 
 with sweetness, and under it all — what shall I call it ? — a 
 will of her own. She is very lovely to look at. 
 
 FEBRUARY 24 
 
 Now Lent has come — a respite for which I am very 
 grateful. I am going to do some serious reading and 
 improve myself; I fear I have been very frivolous up 
 to the present. Mathieu de Montmorency has invited 
 me to hunt at Compiegne, of which he is governor; I 
 shall certainly avail myself of his kindness. If it were 
 not that the King's horses were at his disposal and he 
 offered to mount me, I would not be able to do so on 
 account of the expense. 
 
 MARCH 2 
 
 I took Frances to the Palais Royal yesterday afternoon 
 to see a little religious play acted by the children of the 
 Due d'Orleans. The Due de Chartres* is now nearly 
 twelve years old, and Mile d'Orleans is nine. Some of 
 the younger children also took part. The other actors 
 were children of the Due d'Escar and the Montmorency 
 children. It was really very pretty. After the little 
 play all the children sat down to a simple dinner; we 
 waited on them. Their aunt. Mile d'Orleans, is so 
 charming, so simple and unaffected. She is very fond 
 of father; I think it is that attracts me to her. 
 
 * Due de Chartres, son of the Due d'Orleans, born at Palermo 
 September 3, 1810. 
 
 178
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 
 
 MARCH 4 
 
 Father has had some disquieting letters from America 
 about Albert. He has not shown them to me, nor has 
 he told me of their contents, but I fear there is some 
 trouble; Albert is so odd. I am very sorry, as I dislike 
 to see father troubled. 
 
 MARCH 7 
 
 Madame Patterson Bonaparte has been much disappointed 
 that she has not been able to arrange a marriage for her 
 "Bo," whom she considers a prince of the House of the 
 now fallen Bonapartes. Mr. Astor, in whom she has great 
 confidence, and who has been in Rome, has informed 
 her that she must not put any reliance in any members of 
 the Bonaparte family. Madame mere is the most sincere 
 and the Princesse Pauline Borghesi is absolutely unre- 
 liable. Her friend. Lady Morgan, is also in Rome, and 
 told her the same thing. She has written volumes to 
 father asking his advice. She is really too bad, as she 
 is certain not to act by it. He has a great dislike for 
 the Bonaparte family; of course the great brains and 
 pluck of the first emperor he cannot but have admiration 
 for. 
 
 MARCH 9: COMPIEGNE 
 
 I have been here since yesterday, and finely lodged in the 
 chateau. All are most civil and nice to me. We hunted 
 all day to-day and I am tired out. Just going to bed. 
 
 MARCH 12 
 
 I came back to Paris yesterday after a most enjoyable 
 visit. I am a little sorry I went for so long. I find father 
 has been doing the copying of his own private letters and 
 dispatches, which he will not allow any one to do with 
 the exception of myself. We dine with the Due and 
 Duchesse de Lavalle. I have never seen their hotel, 
 but father tells me it is the finest in Paris. 
 
 179
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 MARCH 14 
 
 A most painful disclosure has been made. It seems 
 the Duchesse de Berri told her Father-confessor that 
 she was the instigator of all the bomb explosions, which 
 were placed by her own people. He made her tell all 
 this to the King. All the King said was, "Stop all 
 further inquiry and try to forgive her." She is an 
 Italian and a lover of intrigue. All this has made a most 
 painful impression. 
 
 MARCH 16, 1821 
 
 I really do not know how it will end. Yesterday I was 
 dining tete-a-tete with Madame S. — her husband being 
 away, as she thought. Fortunately, she has a most 
 discreet maid. She, hearing Monsieur S.'s carriage in 
 the courtyard, rushed and warned us. I was just able 
 to escape down the escalier de service. I went to the 
 opera, and I suppose after the fright I had had nothing 
 amused me, so I returned home. I am glad I did, as 
 I found the house in an uproar. Poor Berthal had fallen 
 down the whole flight of marble stairs. Frances says 
 she is broken to bits. All I could see of her was her 
 cap, which had at last fallen off and was sitting quietly 
 on a hall chair. There is a surgeon and two doctors 
 with her now. Of course mamma is very much worried; 
 but this did not prevent her forbidding a priest to enter 
 whom one of the servants had sent for. 
 
 MARCH 19 
 
 I forgot to write about the Lavalle dinner. It was abso- 
 lutely superb — on a scale of magnificence quite equal to 
 a Court entertainment. We sat down eighty at table, 
 and the banquet lasted for four mortal hours. I counted 
 thirty footmen. The Duchess was a very great heiress 
 and the Duke was also very rich. 
 
 180
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 
 
 MARCH 21 
 
 I drove to St.-Cloud to-day in my curricle. It is begin- 
 ning to rattle a bit. If we stop here much longer I 
 must have a new one. Poor Mrs. P., of "Bologny" 
 fame, died to-day. Mr. Livingstone returns from a very 
 extensive tour and leaves for America at once. 
 
 MARCH 25 
 
 There is every prospect now of father either going home 
 or going to London. The latter mamma would prefer, 
 as she has now become quite reconciled to living abroad; 
 in fact, I do not think she would care to return home at 
 present. Father does not like London. He had a long 
 conference with Pozzo di Borgo to-day. They are such 
 close friends, and he thinks very highly of Pozzo's opinion. 
 Lafayette dined here yesterday; he has aged con- 
 siderably, but is always delightful. Father fears as he 
 gets older he will be even more indiscreet than in his 
 youth, or indeed more impulsive. 
 
 MARCH 29 
 
 Some very disagreeable communications from Mr. Adams 
 to-day. I really think he, being now Secretary of State, 
 is paying father up for imaginary wrongs when at Ghent. 
 When I look back upon that time I am amazed that 
 father bore so well with him and ]\Ir. Clay; they were 
 quarrelling like two spoiled children all the time. Father 
 did all he could to restore peace between them, but it 
 was of daily occurrence and most trying. I sometimes 
 think we may return to live in Geneva and abandon 
 America altogether. I, personally, would be delighted, 
 but I fear we are not rich enough to do this. I must 
 make some money; I cannot always be a drag on father. 
 
 APRIL 1 
 
 There is a smell of spring in the air to-day. Frances 
 tried to fool me to-day, sending me a letter challenging 
 
 181
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 me to a duel. I recognized her handwriting at once. 
 I did not say a word about it. She has been worrying 
 mamma for a long time to buy her a spencer at Madame 
 Le Vestris' in the Rue de la Paix; I have heard of 
 nothing else for weeks. So off to Madame L. I went. 
 ]\Iade her do me up a box with large gold letters with 
 her address on it. I bought a murderous-looking fish 
 and wrapped it in many papers. Imitating mamma's 
 handwriting, I put a little note on top of the silk paper 
 that she would see the moment the cover was lifted. 
 I timed the box to arrive while we were at dinner. Great 
 success. Frances opened the box. Only seeing the note, 
 she rushed and hugged mamma, who I must say looked 
 rather astonished. Rushing back to unpack her coveted 
 spencer, as she thought, the smell of fish met her nose. 
 With a squeak (women always squeak) she seized the 
 fish and made a dash for me, but was too late. I was 
 out of the window into the garden, the fish after me. 
 A long list of diplomatic dinners to be got through. We 
 are engaged for every day for two weeks. Father hates 
 all this but is forced to accept. Mamma now, I think, 
 loves these entertainments. She, like all women, loves 
 dress. This gives her an opportunity to show off her 
 finery. 
 
 APRIL 6 
 
 There were serious disturbances last evening at the 
 Ecole de Droit de Paris; some rioting. The troops 
 had to be called out. What a mistake it is to be dragged 
 into a liaison, particularly with a married woman ! If 
 something does not happen I shall not have a hair on 
 my head. 
 
 APRIL 9 
 
 Since the death of the Due de Berri a great change has 
 certainly come over the jeunesse doree of Paris; not 
 half so much entrain. I think he really gave the impetus 
 
 182
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 
 
 to us all. I dined yesterday at the Trois Freres Proven- 
 ceaux*in the Palais Royal with some boon companions. 
 I do not know how it was, the dinner was excellent, the 
 wine as well, but we all seemed dull and depressed. I 
 hardly dare own it, but I fear we are all blase. I com- 
 menced a little too young to enjoy life. I have had a 
 good seven years of it; and what I used to look on then 
 as the height of enjoyment I now find tiresome. I try 
 to take interest in the political questions of the day. 
 I read most carefully all the English as well as American 
 papers that we receive and try to keep myself au courant 
 of everything of importance. I believe one can train 
 one's mind to serious matters. I certainly have wasted 
 a lot of time. 
 
 APRIL 10 
 
 Have been taking Frances to see all the fine churches; 
 
 I don't think she cares much about it. 
 
 APRIL 12 
 
 Father has presented me with a new curricle; it is 
 
 painted yellow, which is much the vogue at present. . . . 
 
 APRIL 15 
 
 We are eating through our dinners. Oh, the bore of it 
 all! 
 
 APRIL 20 
 
 A fine entertainment at Versailles with some Russian 
 Grand Dukes. The King was not able to be present 
 and Monsieur did the honours. The fountains were all 
 playing. A splendid banquet. Looking out of one of 
 the windows looking on the Cours d'Honneur, the whole 
 scene seemed to be conjured up before me: the dames 
 de la halle more like wild beasts, then women shouting 
 and screaming, then dragging the coach with the unfor- 
 * A restaurant only recently demolished. 
 183
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 tunate King and Queen in it. As I was meditating on 
 all this I felt a hand on my shoulder; it was the dear 
 old Duke of Gordon. He said, "A penny for your 
 thoughts." I blurted out exactly what had been passing 
 through my mind. He then, really with much emotion, 
 described the whole scene most vividly to me; pointed 
 out exactly where he stood, the immense scorn and 
 dignity of Marie Antoinette as she entered the coach, 
 the horrible drive back to Paris. He said he did all he 
 could, but he was absolutely powerless in the hands of 
 the frenzied mob. He slipped his arm through mine 
 saying, "It is better to try and bury unpleasant 
 memories." We joined the Court in the Salle des Glaces. 
 
 APRIL £1 
 
 Father took me to-day to see Madame Condorcet, the 
 widow of the Marquis Condorcet, the friend of Voltaire. 
 She is only fifty-three but looks much older — one of the 
 saddest faces I have ever seen. She welcomed us with 
 effusion, taking both father's hands, holding them, and 
 saying, "You knew my husband." She was a Mile 
 de Grouchy. It seems they were an ideal couple. Her 
 perfect character made Condorcet a believer in equal 
 rights for women. Her only child is Madame O'Connor, 
 the wife of General O'Connor. 
 
 MAY 3 
 
 Mr. Adams has been playing more of what I call "Yankee 
 tricks"; he certainly is an impossible person. He is 
 not a man of great force or intelligence, but his own 
 opinion of himself is immense. I really think father, 
 in a covert way, pulls his leg. I know he thinks little 
 of his talents and less of his manners. 
 
 MAY 21 
 
 Frances is greatly excited as the time approaches for her 
 to make her debut at Court. She came to me in rather 
 
 184
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 11821 
 
 a mysterious manner to-day and began to make much 
 of me. I suspected there was something at the bottom 
 of it, so said to her, "Out with it; what is it you want?" 
 She is a Httle afraid of mamma. She wants me to 
 persuade the latter to let her have a more elegant frock 
 for Court. I promised to do my best. 
 
 MAY 22 
 
 Mamma is adamant. Frances is to wear what she 
 decrees. Simplicity above all things. For a wonder, 
 I quite agree with mamma. Frances is quite pretty 
 enough and she needs but a very simple setting. I told 
 her this and consoled her with a little judicious flattery 
 about her skin, eyes, hair, &c. &c. She is but a woman. 
 
 MAY 24 
 
 The brothers Humboldt were at dejeuner to-day. For- 
 merly I did not take any interest in their conversation, 
 but it was quite different to-day. I was sorry when 
 they retired. Father delights in their society. They 
 certainly seem to appreciate him; for this I love them. 
 
 JUNE 2 
 
 Frances made her debut at Court last night. She cer- 
 tainly did look very lovely. All I know of her dress — 
 she was in white, a great big wreath of pink roses round 
 her head. She was quite self-possessed and bore herself 
 with much dignity. All the members of the Royal Family 
 smiled on her. Driving home she burst into sobs. Poor 
 child, I suppose it was the pent-up excitement. 
 
 JUNE 10 
 
 I have suffered a great deal lately with my arm; I fear 
 it will be permanently stiff — I can hardly raise it now. 
 I hope father will decide on Aix-en-Savoi, as I will then 
 be able to go in for the cure. I am afraid rheumatism 
 has settled in my arm. 
 
 185
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 JUNE 15 
 
 So little of interest to record in my journal at present. 
 I seem now to think that the everyday occurrences of 
 "the monde" are not worth recording. Of course, 
 anything of importance that I want to remember I 
 make notes of. If father should ever get hold of this 
 diary I wonder what he will think of it. Mamma asked 
 me to-day if I thought he was worrying about Albert. 
 She does not think he at all approves of the life the latter 
 is leading. He does not seem to care for people of his 
 own class — only farmers and their families. 
 
 JUNE 30 
 
 There have been rumours that the Emperor is ill at 
 
 St. Helena. Nothing confirmed. 
 
 JULY 10 
 
 The news has just arrived of the death of Napoleon. 
 He died on May 5. I was much astonished at the way 
 the news was received. The hero which the whole 
 French nation had worshipped, whom all Europe had 
 trembled before, it might have been an ordinary actor 
 who had died. Really one could feel great disgust. 
 A mighty man indeed he was with all his faults. The 
 first I heard of it was cried about the streets: "La 
 Mort de Napoleon a St. Helena, deux sous." Oh, the 
 irony of it ! 
 
 JULY 15 
 
 The Bonapartists here show the greatest respect to the 
 Emperor. They have petitioned the King to allow the 
 body to be brought to France and buried, but he will 
 not hear of it. Father says it would be most unwise — 
 that France is beginning to settle down after all the 
 troubles she has gone through; that even the Emperor's 
 body will excite enthusiasm in many and might lead 
 to very serious results. Father received several letters 
 
 186
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 
 
 asking if he thought America would join in petitioning 
 the King. It is really too absurd. What has America 
 to do with it? Madame Patterson Bonaparte, won- 
 derful to relate, has written to father full of praise of 
 the dead Emperor. 
 
 JULY 18 
 
 An extraordinary thing has happened. Father wished 
 for a document, and applied for it to the Due de Bassano; 
 the latter has all the copies of the archives of the Emperor. 
 A document was sent, but not the one applied for; it 
 was a copy of a Trianon Decree of August 5, 1810. This 
 decree was entirely withheld from the American Minister. 
 Had it been known there would not have been any war 
 between England and America. It bears the same date 
 of the Berlin and Milan decrees, which were to be revoked 
 on November 1. Never before have I seen my father 
 so angry; he absolutely lost control of himself and used 
 the strongest language. The underhand meanness, the 
 perfidy, injustice, so low and despicable. It was the 
 Emperor's wish, evidently, to do all in his power to 
 crush a young and rising nation. Father went at once 
 to see the Due de Bassano, but on arriving there he 
 could hardly say anything, he found the poor old Duke 
 utterly crushed by the death of the Emperor. He 
 evidently knew nothing of his mistake, so father did not 
 undeceive him. He sent a copy of the decree to Mr. 
 Adams with very strong remarks on the subject. 
 
 GALLATIN to J. Q. ADAMS 
 
 Paris, September 15, 1821 
 
 Sir, 
 
 [First part of letter omitted.] 
 
 But the Trianon Decree was intended for the 
 
 St. Sebastian, Amsterdam, and other cases of the same 
 
 period. It is not a condemnation either in form or in 
 
 substance, but it certainly announces the intention to 
 
 187
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 condemn. It bears date the same day on which it was 
 officially communicated to our Minister that the Berlin 
 and Milan decrees would be revoked on the first day of 
 the ensuing November; and no one can suppose that 
 if it had been communicated or published at the same 
 time the United States would, with respect to the promised 
 revocation of the Berlin and Milan decrees, have taken 
 that ground which ultimately led to the war with Great 
 Britain. It is indeed unnecessary to comment on such 
 a glaring act of combined injustice, bad faith, and mean- 
 ness as the enacting and concealment of that decree 
 exhibits; and I cannot suppose that it will ever be 
 brought forward by this Government for the purpose 
 of repelling our claims to indemnity, especially as the 
 grounds assumed for the measure are evidently mere 
 pretences and altogether untenable. Yet when I first 
 conversed, in 1816, with the Due de Richelieu on the 
 subject of our claims, he alluded to a statement prepared 
 in his bureau for him, in which the Act of Congress of 
 March 1809 was mentioned as having afforded cause for 
 reprisals. 
 
 The copy of the Trianon Decree was given to a friend 
 of Mr. Parish by the Duke of Bassano, then Secretary 
 of the Council. 
 
 I enclose a Greek copy and a French translation of an 
 appeal of the Greeks to the citizens of the United States. 
 I have the honour, &c., 
 
 Albert Gallatin 
 
 Decision du 5 aout 1810* 
 
 Vu le rapport ci-dessus fait au conseil de commerce 
 et des manufactures, d'oii il resulte: 
 
 (1) Que le Gouvernement de Etats-Unis ne s'est pas 
 
 borne par son acte du ler mars, 1809, a ordonner qu'a 
 
 dater du 20 mai suivant les bdtiments et marchandises 
 
 frangaises qui entreraient dans les ports seraient mis 
 
 * For translation see Appendix III. 
 
 188
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 
 
 sous le sequestre, mais qu'il a ordonne la confiscation des 
 dits bdtiments et marchandises: 
 
 (2) Qu^il a etabli par le meme acte que lorsque les com- 
 munications avec le France viendraient a se retablir, les 
 confiscations continueraient a avoir leur effet: 
 
 (3) Que Vacte du ler mars, 1809, a etc mis en execution 
 ioutes les fois que Voccasion s'en est presentee, nonseule- 
 ment contre les marchandises, mais aussi contre les bdti- 
 ments fran^ais: 
 
 Nous avons ordonne et ordonnons ce qui suit 
 
 (1) Les fonds provenants des ventes des marchandises 
 americaines qui ont ete effectuees jusqu'a ce jour, et dont 
 le montant avail ete mis en depot a la caisse d'amortisse- 
 ment, seront transportes au tresor public. 
 
 (2) Les marchandises americaines qui sont mis sous 
 le sequestre seront mises en vente, et les fonds en provenants 
 verses au tresor public. 
 
 (3) Les bdtiments americains sur le soil desquels il 
 n'avait point ete statue jusqu'a ce jour, seront egalement 
 mis en vente et les fonds en provenants verses au tresor 
 public. 
 
 (4) Attendu que Vacte des Etats-Unis du ler mars, 
 1809, ne contient aucune disposition contre les equipages 
 de nos bdtiments, voulant toujours trailer les Etats-Unis 
 aussi favorablement qu'il est possible, et n'usant qu'a 
 regret du droit de represaille a leur egard, nous entendons 
 que les equipages des bdtiments americains entres dans 
 nos ports 7ie soient point consider es comme prisonniers, 
 mais soient envoyes dans leur patrie. 
 
 (5) Les dispositions ci-dessus seront executees a Vegard 
 de tous les bdtiments americains entres et sequestres dans 
 nos ports depuis le 20 mars 1809, jusqu'au ler mai de la 
 presente annee 1810, date de Vacte par lequel les Etats- 
 Unis ont revoque celui du ler mars, 1809. 
 
 (6) A Vavenir et jusqu'au ler novembre prochain, 
 Spoque fixee par la lettre de notre ministre des relations 
 
 189
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 exterieures au plenipotentiaire des Etats-Unis pour la 
 revocation de nos decrets de Berlin et de Milan {dans 
 le cas oil les conditions etablies dans la dite lettre seraient 
 remplies), les navires americains pourront entrer dans 
 nos ports; mais leur dechargement ne pourra avoir lieu, 
 a moins quHls ne soient munis d'une licence signee de 
 notre main, que sur un rapport fait en conseil de com- 
 merce, constatant qu'ils n'ont pas eie denationalises par 
 leur soumission aux arrets du conseil Britannique, et 
 quails n'ont point contrevenu a nos decrets de Berlin et 
 de Milan. 
 
 En noire palais de Trianon, le 5 aout, 1810. 
 
 (Signe) Napoleon 
 JULY 
 
 Madame Recamier has closed her salon for the present. 
 Most of the adherents of the Bonapartists are in the 
 deepest mourning. Surely it is the least they can do, 
 considering the Emperor picked most of them out of 
 the mud and made them rich and noble. Joseph Bona- 
 parte seems to have saved an immense fortune; he is 
 living in luxury in America. Some of those wretched 
 Murats are also there. 
 
 JULY 
 
 As Frances has been presented at Court, mamma now 
 takes her to balls, &c. It is very trying for her. I am 
 glad to say Frances is far prettier than I thought she 
 would be, and I am very proud to have such a pretty 
 sister. I do hope she will make a good marriage and 
 not have to go back to America. We have to go to 
 some waters for mamma's rheumatism. I think Aix-en- 
 Savoi will be the place decided on. The baths are good 
 but primitive. It is near Geneva. Also we have 
 relations in the neighbourhood. 
 
 AUGUST 1: AIX-EN-SAVOI 
 
 We are comfortably installed here in a little villa they 
 supply us with. Both mamma and myself are taking a cure 
 
 190
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 
 
 for rheumatism. Father only remained a few days to 
 see us settled and then went to Geneva; it is so close. 
 He is staying with the Navilles. This is a beautiful 
 country but very hot. The Lac du Bourget is about a 
 mile from here. I have hired a boat and take Frances 
 out fishing with me. It is such a rest after Paris. We 
 have some friends from Geneva; the de Sellons from 
 Allaman are also here. The Monastery of Hautecombe 
 is on the other side of the lake. It is the burial-place 
 of the Dukes of Savoy and their families; and they 
 also used to live in a part of the monastery. There is a 
 long terrace on it about ten to twenty feet above the 
 lake. The story is that the ladies of the House of Savoy 
 used to fish from this terrace, that there were men in 
 boats below who placed live fish on their hooks and 
 then gave a little jerk — much to the delight of the ladies, 
 who thought they were fine fisherwomen. My arm is 
 much better; I can raise it quite high already. Very 
 much troubled by flies, which sting. The grapes are 
 ripe, and we pay fifty centimes to go into a vineyard 
 and eat as many as we like. 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 Aix did mamma good, and now we are installed for the 
 winter. Father fears there will be poor results re Indem- 
 nity from France. He says the Ministry play with him 
 and are continually changing their tactics. He really 
 thinks he ought to return to America and enter into 
 more active life. He likes his life here; it all suits him, 
 but he feels he is wasting time. He is continually being 
 urged to enter public life again in America; he will 
 not, I think. The whole system of political life in 
 America has undergone a change, and he feels it will be 
 most distasteful to him. 
 
 NOVEMBER 10 
 
 Poor Albertine de Broglie is in great trouble as she has 
 lost her baby — fortunately, the youngest one. I have 
 
 191
 
 1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 to relieve mamma, taking Frances to balls, &c. Madame 
 S. returns to-day. 
 
 NOVEMBER 12 
 
 Ball at the Palais Royale. Frances looked lovely and 
 was very much admired; she danced every dance. I 
 love to see her enjoying herself. Of course, Madame 
 de Boigne had to say something disagreeable to mamma. 
 Looking at Frances, who was dancing with La Roche- 
 foucauld, she said, "I see you have brought your daughter 
 up a I'Anglaise." "No, a V Americaine " said mamma, 
 with a strong stare at the opposite wall. Bravo, mamma ! 
 I told father when we arrived home; he laughed, which 
 is rare for him. Frances says she will not marry any 
 man who does not propose to her personally and not to 
 her parents. She says she is not an object of barter. 
 I consider her a most advanced young woman. A serious 
 row with Madame S. May it be the end, but I doubt it. 
 
 NOVEMBER 26 
 
 Father has been much vexed by some letters from Mr. 
 Adams, who is now Secretary of State. It is all on 
 account of the seizure of a French ship called the Apollon 
 in the St. Mary's River on the Spanish side, for evading 
 the navigation laws. Father thinks it is a high-handed 
 action and unjustifiable. He has taken his own line 
 with the French Government in entire opposition to 
 Mr. Adams. What amazed Mr. Adams was that father 
 wrote to him that he considered his argument of the 
 case, as well as his own, not worth a straw. At times 
 he certainly is an extraordinary contradiction. Un- 
 doubtedly father has far superior talent to Mr. Adams, 
 and likes playing the latter as a cat does a mouse. 
 Father, although he never admits it, I am certain feels 
 very deeply the gross injustice and prejudice that shuts 
 the door of the Presidency to him simply because he 
 was not born in America. Although he tries to disguise 
 
 Ids
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 it, he has a strong belief in the superiority of European 
 intellect. He looks upon the American-born politicians 
 as a lot of rough colts who want breaking in. Not one 
 of them has had the early training that he has — brought 
 up, as he was, among the flower of intellectual men. The 
 Americans have great intellect and brains but they are 
 untrained. What can be expected of them? 
 
 DECEMBER 25 
 
 Christmas again. We are having a large party for 
 Frances. Already three fathers have appeared in orthodox 
 costume to formally demand her hand for their respective 
 sons. She will have none of them. The Duchesse de 
 Broglie has pressed one suit, but Frances is obstinate. 
 I tell her she must not be too particular. 
 
 DECEMBER 26 
 
 Everything went off very well. Now that Frances has 
 grown up we have put aside fooling, but really it is not 
 half as amusing. Our cousins the Gallatins are giving 
 a Twelfth-Night party for Frances. 
 
 DECEMBER 31 
 
 I have been counting up my money for my etrennes 
 to-morrow. I will have exactly 150 left after all the 
 servants are tipped. It is a bad custom. Mamma 
 always has a nest-egg, so I will have to draw on her. 
 Good-bye, Old Year. Off to an old-fashioned reveillon. 
 Dear old diary ! Much as I have confidence in your 
 discretion, I will not record where I am going or who my 
 companions are to be. 
 
 JANUARY 1, 1822 
 
 We are quite worn out with all the duties we have had to 
 perform. The long time we are kept standing at Court 
 is most trying. The King paid marked attention to 
 father yesterday, so did Monsieur. The Duchesse d'An- 
 
 193
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 gouleme, who on many occasions has noticed Frances, 
 asked if it was true that she was fiancee. 
 To-night a ball at the Palais Royale. 
 Monsieur de Richelieu looks very ill. He is still pur- 
 sued by the Queen of Sweden, it is really too absurd; 
 she makes him as well as herself the laughing-stock of 
 Paris. We are bidden to a reception at Madame Re- 
 camier's for the 10th. Madame Bonaparte arrives in a 
 few days. 
 
 JANUARY 11 
 
 A delightful evening at Madame Recamier's. The 
 funniest sight was the Queen of Sweden; she was dressed 
 in a most extraordinary manner — I never saw a person so 
 absolutely out of place; she looks more fit to be behind 
 the counter of a tallow-chandler's than in a salon. We 
 have had some very nice Americans here lately. A Mr. 
 Ogle-Taylor and Mr. Livingstone, both men of education 
 and polished manners; the latter was very anxious for 
 me to go to Italy with him, but I could not be spared. 
 
 JANUARY 12 
 
 Madame Bonaparte dined with us yesterday, she is 
 really more brilliant than ever, a little embittered perhaps, 
 particularly against the Catons, they are her hete noire 
 for the moment. Her sister-in-law, Mrs. Robert Patterson, 
 nee Caton, came in for her full share. It seems that the 
 Duke of Wellington writes to her every week, and there 
 is much scandal about their relationship. 
 Father has told Madame Bonaparte there will always be 
 a convert for her at our table. We were all rather 
 astonished at this, for he does not often show such marked 
 hospitality, particularly to Americans. He feels very 
 sorry for her, and thinks she has been badly treated; 
 that she is a woman of brilliant intellect, but that her 
 troubles have quite ruined what might have been a most 
 delightful personage, as well as a power. 
 
 194
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 JANUARY 13 
 
 Fine skating in the Bois de Boulogne to-day. I took 
 Frances; she got on wonderfully well as she had learned 
 to skate in America when she was a child. She looked 
 very lovely, mamma dresses her so well. With the exer- 
 cise of skating she had the most brilliant colour in her 
 cheeks. One horrible old woman went up to her and 
 rubbed her cheeks with her pocket-handkerchief, saying, 
 ''Tiens, ce n'est pas du rouge." I think some of the 
 French ladies were shocked that mamma was not with us. 
 Princesse Galitzin had kindly offered to chaperone Frances. 
 It is really too absurd that now she is grown up she is 
 not allowed to drive alone with me; it is not that either 
 mamma or father object, but it would be considered 
 quite wrong, the argument being that everybody did 
 not know that I was her brother. In fact, I cannot walk 
 with her alone, without one of our footmen following. 
 A very fine ball at the Carillion-Latours. I very much 
 pitied poor mamma, she had to sit waiting for Frances 
 until the early hours of the morning. 
 
 JANUARY 14 
 
 The King has been failing very fast; they say for the 
 moment he is very much better. A ball at Court on the 
 16th. In fact, I do not think there is a single night that we 
 are not engaged till Lent. Madame Bonaparte takes 
 great interest in Frances, and says with her beauty she 
 ought to make a great marriage. I fear the latter has 
 but little ambition. 
 
 .JANUARY 15 
 
 Mr. Crawford is urging father to return to America, as he 
 wants him to use his influence for the vote of the State 
 of Pennsylvania for the Presidency. Father has not the 
 sHghtest intention of doing so, and does not think Craw- 
 ford has the slightest chance. The President wishes 
 father to remain in Paris, and he willingly agrees to this. 
 
 195
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 In fact, I think he wants to hold himself aloof from 
 politics in America, He often talks of building a fine 
 house in New Geneva; he already has a small brick one 
 there. I cannot understand this new idea of his: to wish 
 to bury himself in the wilds of Western Virginia; to take 
 poor mamma there after the life she has led in Paris. She 
 detests the country; of course we never disagree with 
 him or contradict anything he says. I think it may be 
 sentiment. He pictures New Geneva as a new Eldorado. 
 Of course Frances will marry. So will I. He cannot ex- 
 pect me to live in idleness in the backwoods of America. 
 Practically he and mamma are to be quite alone. Albert 
 may stop with them, but I doubt it. I had an odd letter 
 from him yesterday. He evidently is in some entangle- 
 ment with a farmer's daughter; he begs me not to mention 
 it to anybody. It is so strange that he always liked low 
 company. It is a great pity, I think, that father did not 
 send him to Geneva to be educated. The people he 
 mixes with are of the lowest class, totally without educa- 
 tion or manners. I cannot understand where he inherits 
 his low tastes from, certainly not from father's family; 
 nor have I ever heard of a Nicholson who was not a gentle- 
 man. Albert has a brain, in fact in his way is very clever. 
 I fear now it's too late to make any change in him. 
 
 JANUARY 16 
 
 I took Madame de R. into supper last night at the Russian 
 Embassy. She is very witty and does not hesitate to 
 express her opinion in the most clear terms a mauvaise 
 langue. I am rather afraid of her. During our con- 
 versation I asked her if she knew the reason why Madame 
 X. had such success: the very best people fighting for 
 invitations to her entertainments, although she had 
 neither beauty nor wit, was really dull and vulgar. 
 "There you are wrong," she answered. "She has much 
 more than wit or beauty, tact. When I dine or sup with 
 her, she puts my reigning amani on my right and the one 
 
 196
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 I hope to succeed him on my left. What does a woman 
 want more? Now do you wonder at her success?" 
 
 FRIDAY 
 
 Mrs. Robert Patterson dined with us on Thursday; she is 
 really beautiful and has a wonderful charm of manner. 
 Her one topic of conversation is the Duke of Wellington. 
 They say he allows her 100,000 francs a year; at least 
 so says Madame Bonaparte. Her jewels are very fine. 
 Madame B. says they are mostly imitation, but I think 
 it is a case of sour grapes. 
 
 JANUARY 18 
 
 Father has refused the office of President of the Bank of 
 the United States, which was kindly offered to him. 
 He has the fixed idea in his head to lead an absolutely 
 retired life when he returns to America. I can hardly 
 credit it and think it is but a passing fancy. Monsieur 
 de Lafayette, Pozzo di Borgo, all beg him to remain in 
 Paris. 
 
 JANUARY 20 
 
 I took Frances to a ball at the Gay de Lussacs' last night, 
 mamma was not well. She had written to the Comtesse 
 de Gallatin if she would chaperone Frances. On our 
 arrival I could not find any of the Gallatin family, and 
 really did not know what to do — at 12 o'clock the 
 Countess appeared. It seems that they had a bad 
 accident, one of the horses having fallen, dragging the 
 other one with it and overturning the coach; one of her 
 daughters was badly cut on the neck and face. She made 
 all haste, after her daughter had been attended to, to come 
 to the ball, on account of Frances — it was most kind of her. 
 I would not allow her to stop late as I know she must be 
 anxious to get home, so we retired at 1 o'clock. 
 
 197
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 JANUARY 21 
 
 Skating all day; it is an exercise I love. Had a bad fall 
 with Katinka Galitzin, and am sorry to saj^ that the blade 
 of my skate tore her coat and cut her arm. After her 
 mother had bound it up, she insisted on returning to the 
 ice and skated until dark. If the frost holds we are 
 going to have a grand jete de nuit on the ice in a couple of 
 days; the Due and Duchesse d'Orleans have promised 
 to be present; a quete will be made for charity. 
 
 JANUARY 22 
 
 Louise, of kitten fame, gave birth to a fine boy yesterday. 
 I am the yarrain and Frances the marraine. Mamma 
 does not approve but father does. Of course we asked 
 him first and mamma never goes against his will. 
 
 JANUARY 24, 1822 
 
 The frost held; in fact it is freezing still. The fete de 
 nuit was a grand success. It was beautifully arranged 
 on the Petit Lac. Wreaths and wreaths of lanterns 
 made it quite light enough to see everything and every- 
 body. Sledges in every shape and form hung with 
 lanterns. Some with most grotesque heads. The Due 
 and Duchesse d'Orleans and the Due de Chartres arrived 
 at 9 o'clock. They were conducted to a raised plat- 
 form on which was a species of divan covered with fine 
 fur rugs. All fashionable Paris was there as it was a 
 novelty. I was on the committee of arrangement. We 
 had hired some Swedish skaters to give a performance in 
 costume, which they did at 10.30. We had a, retraite aux 
 lanternes, over six hundred joined in it; everybody had a 
 stick with a Chinese lantern on it. Some of the men had 
 poles of wood about two feet from each shoulder with 
 lanterns on each end. There were fifty men two by two 
 holding bentwood frames with lanthorns, two fine mili- 
 tary bands played, and, for the retraite, we had the Corps 
 de Chasse from Compiegne and Fontainebleau. The 
 
 198
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 royalties retired at 1L30. A most successful fete. 
 The proceeds collected amounted to about 7000 francs. 
 I forgot to mention we had coloured fires burning at 
 intervals: red, green and yellow. All the way from the 
 Petit Lac, at an interval of four feet apart, were stationed 
 soldiers holding blazing torches to light the way, this 
 extended as far as the Champs Elysees. 
 
 JANUARY 25 
 
 I was so tired this morning, and stiff from skating. Father 
 had some writing for me to do. I took it over to a table 
 in a window in his room. I made a brave start but I 
 suppose I was overcome with fatigue and the warmth 
 of the room combined. I was awakened by the sound of 
 the gong for dejeuner. I found a cushion had been 
 placed under my head. Father stood by me smiling, 
 and said, "I hope you had a good sleep, my petit vaurien." 
 I made every excuse, but he only laughingly said, " Come 
 to breakfast, and finish your writing this afternoon." 
 
 JANUARY 27 
 
 Mamma called me into her boudoir this morning; she 
 said she wished to have a serious conversation with me. 
 She began by asking why I had not written to my aunt, 
 Mrs. Montgomery, in America; that I had neglected her 
 terribly, &c. &c. Now as I had never written to this 
 respected lady in my life, I was at a loss for an answer. 
 By degrees it all came out. It seems that Mrs. Montgom- 
 ery is rich, has no heir; mamma thought I might stand 
 a chance. I at once consented to do so. I wrote a letter 
 in a burlesque style. Knowing Mrs. M. to be a violent 
 republican, I abused and ridiculed everything that had 
 to do with a republic; that I hoped Americans would 
 come to their senses and have a king; that 1 hoped 
 that I never would be obliged to return to the land of 
 the free. I showed the letter to mamma. After reading 
 it she stamped her foot, a bad sign, and threw the letter 
 
 199
 
 18221 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 I had taken so much pains with into the fire. I don't 
 think she will ever ask me to write another. I hate 
 humbug and don't want anybody's money. 
 
 JANUARY 29 
 
 Madame Patterson Bonaparte dined with us yesterday, as 
 well as her sister, Mrs. Robert Patterson. Mathieu de la 
 Rochefoucauld, the Alfieris and several others. Madame 
 B. was as usual brilliant, and kept the whole table alive 
 with her witticisms. Pozzo di Borgo, who was also one of 
 the guests, said, " Really, Madame Bonaparte, you should 
 have been a man: you would have been a diplomatist." 
 
 FEBRUARY 1 
 
 Very serious trouble I fear is brewing for me with Madame 
 S. If this diary falls into the hands of any young man 
 beginning his career, may I warn him never to have an 
 intrigue with a married woman. 
 Off to Fontainebleau to hunt to-morrow. 
 
 FEBRUARY 3 
 
 We had a poor day, as it had frozen hard in the night. 
 
 I stuck one pig, quite a youngster, who squealed like a 
 
 baby. A very large party. The usual "curee." Nothing 
 
 very much to record. I had to leave early this morning, 
 
 as I knew there would be business for me to attend to for 
 
 father. 
 
 FEBRUARY 5 
 
 The King is now entirely in the power of Madame du 
 Cayla;* he does nothing without asking her advice. There 
 has been a great deal of intriguing about the post of 
 Archbishop of Paris. Monsieur du Quellon, I believe, 
 will be appointed, he is very young for such a post. 
 
 * Zoe Talon, Comtesse du Cayla, born 1784, died 1850, daughter of 
 a secret agent employed before the Restoration. Mistress of Louia 
 XVIII, whom she dominated. 
 
 200
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN 
 Painted by Madame Meunier-Romilly, Geneva, Jandaby, 1815
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 FEBRUARY 7 
 
 Mr. Astor has been pressing father to accept the Presi- 
 dency of the United States Bank, but he will not hear of it. 
 He had rather a disagreeable experience to-day. Some 
 most extraordinary Americans called. The rule is for 
 them simply to write their names and addresses, but they 
 insisted upon seeing father. He received them with 
 great civility, but the moment they commenced to speak 
 I gauged what sort of people they were. They did not 
 request father to present them at Court, but absolutely 
 demanded it as a right. Now he has made it a rule not 
 to present anybody unless they hold some distinguished 
 position in their own country. These people were abso- 
 lutely impossible. Father quietly but firmly said, "I 
 regret not being able to present you." They demanded 
 the reason why in the most insolent manner. Father 
 rang the bell, and when the footman appeared simply 
 said, "Show these gentlemen to the door." They 
 commenced to use the most disgraceful language. I 
 with the help of Mr. Sheldon insisted upon their leaving. 
 Father with a bow left the room by another door. It is 
 really dreadful he should be subjected to such indignity. 
 He has now given an order that in future nobody is to be 
 ushered into his presence without first being interviewed 
 by Mr. Sheldon or myself. 
 
 FEBRUARY 12 
 
 There seem to be internal troubles all over France. Mon- 
 sieur is suspected of starting the agitation. They say 
 the Due d'Orleans is also stirring up discontent. 
 I do not even intend looking at the Carnival this year, 
 much less taking part in it. I suppose I have sown about 
 one-half or, say, three-quarters of my wild oats. I am 
 glad that father and I are on the best of terms, and I am 
 quite convinced we always will be. Madame Bonaparte 
 dines here continually; she is certainly a most delightful 
 and entertaining person. I rarely hear her say an ill- 
 
 201
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 word of anybody, with the exception of the Catons and 
 of her husband; she certainly has reason in that quarter 
 after the treatment she has received at his hands. 
 
 FEBRUARY 13 
 
 Father had a private audience of the King to-day. I 
 accompanied him as I always do. To our amazement 
 when we were ushered into the presence, Madame du 
 Cayla was present and did not retire; she seems to hold 
 absolute sway over him. He actually appealed to her 
 for her opinion on matters political which she certainly 
 had no knowledge of. 
 
 Driving home father expressed his disgust, and said 
 it was high time he abdicated if he was governed by a 
 woman. It has always been the same thing with the 
 Bourbons; in their old age some intriguing woman has 
 governed them. 
 
 Very cold: if the frost holds we will have skating to- 
 morrow. 
 
 FEBRUARY 15 
 
 I have been skating the last two days on the Petit Lac. . . . 
 
 FEBRUARY 17 
 
 Katinka Galitzin was married to-day to Caumont la 
 Force. The contract for the marriage was signed last 
 night. A great crush, splendid corbeille de manage. 
 The family jewels, which are those of the Due de la Force, 
 magnificent. There were two ceremonies, a Russian 
 one in the Chapel of the Embassy, and the Catholic one 
 at St. Pierre de Challiot, I was present at both. I will 
 miss her very much as we were really such good friends. 
 I will always have a soft spot in my heart for her. 
 
 FEBRUARY 20 
 
 There are extraordinary accounts, about his Most 
 Gracious Majesty King George the Fourth, from England, 
 
 202
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 all the scandal about Queen Caroline, it is certainly very 
 disgraceful. He moves under the absolute sway of Lady 
 Conyngham. I was weak enough last night to allow myself 
 to be dragged off to a supper. I am glad to say I was 
 bored and returned home early. I think father was rather 
 shocked when he was told that Pozzo di Borgo was on the 
 Committee of "Crockfords," but Russians are all born 
 gamblers. It seems that immense fortunes change hands 
 nightly at this establishment, which is in St. James's 
 Street, opposite Mr. White's. The man who started it 
 has already realized a large fortune. Some of the heavy 
 gamblers wear large straw hats, pulled well over their 
 eyes: this is to conceal their features so that no one can see 
 their expression when they are winning or losing. Thank 
 God, I have not the slightest temptation to gamble — 
 about my one and only virtue. Here in Paris play is not 
 so very high, and is not indulged in by the higher classes 
 to any very great extent. Lent is here, which means 
 quiet and plenty of leisure. I am now studying banking 
 systems, both English, American and French. The Alex- 
 ander Barings come to us to-morrow for a week. They 
 are both so charming. It is a great pleasure for mamma 
 to have Mrs. Baring as she is an American and so sympa- 
 thetic. He and father are always engaged in financial 
 questions in which they are both absorbed. 
 
 MAY 18* 
 
 The Due de Richelieu has been looking very ill, he 
 died suddenly yesterday. He had come from Versailles 
 to Paris the day before. His sister was with him. 
 Several doctors were called in, but without avail. He 
 died gently in his sleep. Father is much distressed as 
 he had the highest opinioh of him, of his wonderful 
 honesty, and of his devotion to France. 
 
 *From February 20 until May 18 the diary has been destroyed. 
 — Editor. 
 
 203
 
 18221 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 MAY 25 
 
 The Queen of Sweden is making herself quite ridiculous. 
 The Due only spoke to her twice in his life. She has 
 even been to the King w^ith her lamentations. 
 
 MAY 30 
 
 The Due d'Angouleme is the only member of the Royal 
 Family who seems to show any regret. It is disgusting, 
 as he gave his life to his country. 
 
 I have had my own troubles lately — result, a boy which 
 father in his large-minded manner has provided for. 
 Madame S. is to live in Switzerland, her husband has 
 repudiated her. Was there ever such a father as mine? 
 He has never mentioned the matter to me but, after he 
 had arranged everything, last night on retiring to my 
 room, I found a letter on my table. It was couched in 
 the kindest terms. He informed me he had settled 
 everything, and that the subject would never be men- 
 tioned by him, that mamma was in total ignorance of it. 
 God bless him ! 
 
 The question of the navigation with the United States 
 has been discussed in the Chamber. Father is not quite 
 satisfied. Monsieur de Chateaubriand seems to ignore 
 everything. He has not even answered our notes lately; 
 it is really very exasperating. Nearly six years wasted. 
 
 JUNE 2 
 
 We have organized a new form of amusement; at least the 
 Gay de Lussacs promulgated the idea. We drive out to 
 St. Germain leaving Paris about 5 o'clock. A picnic din- 
 ner at the Pavilion Henri Quatre, then dancing, singing, 
 &c., until 10.30, then a drive home by moonlight. Several 
 of Frances' friends. Mamma took two very nice American 
 girls, Misses Thorne, the Gallatins, and their daughters. 
 The English Ambassadress brought four very nice Eng- 
 lish girls, about ten married couples going and a host of 
 men. It was a great success and we have agreed to 
 
 204
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 repeat it every week. Each pays his own share. I 
 feel now as free as the air, since I have got rid of Madame 
 S.: it may be ingratitude, but I always feel so ashamed 
 of myself. I believe most of the French mammas 
 refused at first to join the St. Germain parties, but I 
 believe before long we will have many more joining 
 us. My miniature is very good and I have given it 
 to mamma. 
 
 JUNE 3 
 
 Just after dejeuner to-day we heard a great noise in the 
 servants' quarters. As it continued mamma rang and 
 Monsieur Caron the maitre d'hotel appeared, crimson in 
 face. He begged that I would be allowed to come down 
 and see what had happened: the spectacle that met my 
 eyes when I reached the kitchen is indescribable. Poor 
 Mamie Kitty, the nigger cook, had made some waffles 
 for dejeuner; one of the footmen, out of sheer mischief, 
 had taken the remainder of the paste, and with the aid of 
 two of the kitchen wenches, who had held Mamie, they 
 had smeared her head and face with the white hominy 
 paste and had sprinkled flour over it, turning her into a 
 w^hite woman. She lost her temper and when she was free 
 made a dash for him and literally had torn his clothes 
 off. There he was, clothed as he came into the world, 
 standing behind a large table, while Mamie was trying 
 to belabour him with a rolling-pin. The moment I spoke 
 to her she dropped the pin and went on her knees and 
 began saying, "Oh Jesus forgive a poor nigger." If it 
 had not been so pathetic I would have laughed. It 
 seemed to sober all the servants who were assembled. 
 I told her to get up, and taking her by the hand took her 
 straight upstairs to mamma. The poor old dear was 
 trembling and wailing. Mamma made her tell her story: 
 although she did not at all approve she told Mamie 
 that it was only meant in fun. Frances took her up to 
 
 205
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 her maid to be cleansed; the poor old soul sat moaning 
 all the rest of the day. Father will interview all those 
 who took part to-morrow and will see that the delinquents 
 are punished. I felt so sorry for her as she kept repeating, 
 "I am only a poor old nigger and God made me black. 
 I am a miserable old sinner." 
 
 JUNE 4 
 
 Much to our surprise Monsieur and Madame d'Osmond 
 have bidden us to dinner for the 10th. Mamma is quite 
 flurried, as she says she has worn all her frocks out and 
 she has no time to have one arranged. Father gave her 
 five hundred francs and said, " Get yourself and Frances the 
 finest 'war paint' that that can purchase." The young 
 footman was very contrite and begged not to be dismissed. 
 Father told him he must apologize to Mamie Kitty and 
 beg her pardon before all the servants, and that he would 
 be present — the footman, George by name, did so, and the 
 poor old woman threw her arms around his neck and 
 gave him two ringing kisses: I think he was sufficiently 
 punished. 
 
 JUNE 5 
 
 At the opera last night I spied a charming and mysterious- 
 looking lady in a frilled yeignoir. Every time I looked 
 at her she put up her fan, but I saw her peeping between 
 the sticks. I waited at the finish close to the exit of her 
 loge; she made the slightest sign to me, the very slightest, 
 for me to follow her. In the crowd I saw her put her hand 
 behind her back. I edged near to her and saw there was 
 a piece of paper in it; watched my opportunity, and 
 covering her hand took it. As soon as I got the chance 
 I opened the little three-cornered note, only a few 
 lines — "28 rue Boissy d'Anglaff — minuit demain." I am 
 sorely puzzled — I thought I knew toutes ces dames 
 by sight. A splendid footman met her and put her 
 into a fine coach — a demain, but I am intrigued. 
 
 206
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 JUNE 5 
 
 I had a batch of letters to copy this morning which kept 
 me very busy, Mr. Crawford is still writing to father 
 begging him to come home, on account of the elections: 
 the latter says if he does so he will be again drawn into 
 political life, which is undesirable. I am thinking of 
 to-night and wondering. I met some of my intimes 
 this afternoon, but thought it wiser not to mention my 
 adventure to them. I am dining at the Cafe Anglais 
 with Guy de Montesquieu and the lady he protects. Will 
 look in at the opera to while away the time till mid- 
 night. 
 
 JUNE 6 
 
 I am disgusted with myself. On the tiptoe of expectation 
 I arrived at No. 28. All was darkness. I waited for a 
 few moments, when the small door of the porte-cochere 
 opened and a hand beckoned me in. The moment the 
 door closed there was a brilliant light, two footmen in 
 the hall, and I saw several other cloaks and hats: the 
 mystery was soon solved, tout honnevient — a gambling 
 house. I was ushered into a superb salon, the rattle 
 of dice assailed my ear and my charmer stepped forward 
 to greet me. I might have known, as the police are so 
 down on maisons de jeu at present. Not a soul I had 
 ever seen before: that struck me as quite extraordinary. 
 I must be getting old ! No more aventures galantes 
 seem to come in my way. I did not play and soon retired, 
 evidently much to the disgust of my hostess. 
 
 JUNE 10 
 
 We have been very quiet for the last few days. To-day 
 is the dinner at the Osmonds'. Albertine de Broglie 
 came to dejeuner to-day to eat American food. I do not 
 think she really cared for it, but was too polite to say so. 
 Albert has written that the house is getting on famously. 
 We certainly must be returning soon. 
 
 207
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 JUNE 11 
 
 I must acknowledge the dinner at the Osmonds' was superb. 
 We were forty and the fine fleur of society. Madame 
 de Boigne in her own house is an excellent hostess. I 
 escorted a very pretty woman to dinner — a Comtesse 
 Chabot: she had passed much of her life in England and 
 longed to go back there to live, which is rare for a 
 Frenchwoman. Lady Westmoreland, a handsome Lady 
 Fane, the English Ambassador, a son of the Countess of 
 Sutherland, whom I met at Coppet, I think it was in 1815. 
 After dinner, which lasted three mortal hours, we retired 
 to the ball-room. There was a raised estrade, and 
 Malibran sang. I went rather late to the Spanish 
 Embassy. Father was too tired to go. A great crowd — 
 the "Nuncio" as usual. 
 
 JUNE 14 
 
 We had one of our jaunts to St. Cloud yesterday, a much 
 larger company and most enjoyable. 
 
 JUNE 15 
 
 Very hot, I sat at Tortoni's until supper-time eating ice- 
 creams, which I really think made me hotter. 
 
 JUNE 20 
 
 A catastrophe this morning: poor mamma sprained her 
 ankle and will not be able to move for at least a month. 
 Her feet are very small, and as she is short she wears very 
 high heels — not being quite as light as she was her ankles 
 easily turn. Countess de Gallatin called to-day. She 
 is getting up some little plays and wants to enlist Frances 
 and myself in her company. Father gave his permission 
 for Frances. I have never acted, but am going to see 
 what I can do. I am cast for a little play called "Un 
 Mai^i en 1815." I am to be a soldier bold, six women in 
 the cast. I am the only man. Like a rooster in a 
 farmyard. 
 
 208
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 JUNE 22 
 
 Our jfirst rehearsal to-day. I fear we all laughed so much 
 that little progress was made. I have to kiss two of the 
 girls — my daughters. This we did not rehearse. 
 
 JUNE 24 
 
 Second rehearsal to-day. It went much better as now 
 we have some idea of our roles. There is no doubt 
 father intends going home soon. I will be glad in one 
 way, but very sorry to leave my beloved Paris. Puysegur 
 and Montesquieu misbehaved so much to-day at rehearsal 
 that Madame de Gallatin threatened to get substitutes 
 for them — they both are very funny. 
 
 JUNE 25 
 
 A reception at the Palais Royal to-night and a Court 
 ball on the 29th. How sick I am of these entertainments. 
 We have a dinner-party to-morrow. Mamma has a 
 wheeled chair, so can be present. The invitations were 
 launched before her accident. 
 
 Mormornsen had six more kittens to-day, father un- 
 known. Glorious weather. I drove father for the first 
 time in my curricle to-day. He enjoyed it very much. 
 He and I dine at the English Embassy on Wednesday. 
 Mamma has begged to be excused. 
 
 JUNE 26 
 
 The reception at the Palais Royal was far more amusing 
 than I thought it would be: a great many English 
 friends that the Orleans family had made in England. It 
 ended in a dance. 
 
 JUNE 28 
 
 Our dinner was a great success. It was for the Osmonds. 
 Father insisted that Monsieur de Lafayette should 
 be invited. He made himself most agreeable. The 
 Osmonds have always kept up their relations with him. 
 
 209
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 JUNE 30 
 
 A very grand ball at the Tuilleries. I enjoyed it although 
 
 I was very fatigued, having rehearsed for four mortal 
 
 hours. 
 
 JULY 2 
 
 A very long and stately dinner at the English Em- 
 bassy. Mr. and Mrs. Baring were of the guests. Nea- 
 politan singers in the garden, sang during dinner. Some- 
 times I feel I never want to dine out again. Why do 
 people want to meet together to eat? 
 
 JULY 4 
 
 Father received as usual all the Americans in Paris to-day, 
 all sorts and all kinds — a motley crew. Buffet in the 
 garden. I will go to bed early. 
 
 JULY 6 
 
 Our last rehearsal to-night — some people are coming so as 
 to give us confidence. Very warm — Frances very excited. 
 Mamma is a little nervous about her acting when she 
 cannot be present. Father has promised to take her 
 not only to-night but to-morrow as well. I am afraid 
 he will be bored. 
 
 JULY 8 
 
 All went off capitally. In the first play Frances looked 
 lovely and really acted so well. I saw father laughing. 
 I was indeed a warrior bold. My six young ladies were 
 one more charming than the other, unfortunately I was 
 made up as an old man — that seemed to put them 
 quite at their ease. Puysegur drank too much 
 champagne and forgot every word of his role, but I don't 
 think the audience noticed it. We were all very merry: 
 the great drawback was the heat and the smell of the oil 
 lamps on the rampe. 
 
 210
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 JULY 10 
 
 Most people are leaving Paris now. Mamma's so much 
 better that she drives out to St. Cloud and St. Germain. 
 Hardly any entertaining. The Court is at St. Cloud. 
 The Duchesse d' Angouleme loves it, but nothingwill induce 
 her to go to Versailles. I am not surprised — the memories 
 would be terrible for her. The King is worse. Madame 
 du Cayla absolutely rules him with a rod of iron. Albert 
 has had measles, but is well again. My aunt Few went 
 and fetched him to her home in Baltimore and nursed him. 
 Mamma is still a little anxious about him. It takes so 
 long to get an answer to a letter. 
 
 JULY 14 
 
 Intolerably hot. I have been to the baths in the Seine 
 all day trying to keep cool. Our garden is nice with 
 some shady trees. 
 
 JULY 16 
 
 Have been trying to read in the garden, but the com- 
 bination of flies and the heat was too much for me, so 
 darkened my room and went to sleep. After supper 
 mamma allowed me to take Frances for a drive — we had 
 to return post-haste as there was every indication of a 
 violent thunderstorm. We only just got in in time. 
 It is an extraordinary thing but the only fear I have ever 
 seen father show is that of lightning. He was waiting 
 anxiously on the perron for our return. He had had some 
 feather beds brought into the centre drawing-room, 
 all windows were closed and the shutters shut. He in- 
 sisted on mamma going in and there we sat for three 
 mortal hours, stifling. It certainly was one of the worst 
 storms I have ever seen. After it was over it was 
 deliciously fresh and I went for a good walk, not getting 
 home until 1.30. 
 
 211
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 JULY 19 
 
 IMamma and Frances leave to-day for Fontainebleau, 
 
 then they go to the de Lussacs' (she was an American and 
 
 an old friend of mamma's), afterwards to pay some visits 
 
 on the Loire. I stop with father. My arm has been 
 
 very painful lately. I must have it examined again. 
 
 JULY 20 
 
 Our old nigger, i\Iamie, is quite well again, the chef is 
 going for a holiday and she is going to cook for us — as 
 we will be quite alone she will not have too much work 
 to do. 
 
 JULY 23 
 
 Still this horrible heat; I can do nothing. I feel like a 
 wrung out dish-cloth. . . . 
 
 JULY 25 
 
 A little cooler. Have been putting all father's proofs 
 of his pamphlet in order and correcting them for him. 
 I do not know how he manages it. He is always cool and 
 calm and serene. His is indeed a blessed nature. 
 
 JULY 26 
 
 To our astonishment ^Monsieur de Lafayette appeared 
 last evening, full of mystery. He asked for hospitality, 
 which father was only too pleased to extend to him. 
 His baggage consisted of a large roll of green canvas tied 
 with a thick cord. He is very funny. 
 
 JULY 30 
 
 Great heat again. Monsieur Lafayette still here. He 
 only goes out at night. He is plotting something. Not a 
 soul in Paris, and those who are here do not show them- 
 selves. I sat outside at Tortoni's until midnight: with 
 the exception of Carrillon Latour I did not see a soul I 
 knew. 
 
 212
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 AUGUST 1 
 
 Some annoying news from America: I sincerely hope 
 father is not going to be dragged into politics again. 
 He is not so strong as he was, but his brain seems to be 
 even more active. 
 
 AUGUST 6 
 
 Nothing to record. Absolute monotony. Everything 
 at a standstill. I am getting so fat. Mamie Kitty 
 feeds us on all sorts of fattening things. 
 
 AUGUST 8 
 
 Monsieur de Lafayette left hurriedly to-day. About 
 10.30 this evening two mysterious noisy men sent in a note 
 to father. He received them alone: what transpired 
 I do not know, but he seemed greatly annoyed. . . . 
 
 AUGUST 9 
 
 Father sent this morning his confidential servant to Mr. 
 
 Parker's to try and get Monsieur de Lafayette's address. 
 
 He evidently wishes to warn him of some impending 
 
 danger. 
 
 AUGUST 11 
 
 I could have had an aventure galante, but it is too hot. 
 
 AUGUST 13 
 
 I had a bad attack of indigestion, am dieting on peaches — 
 they are so plentiful now after the abnormal hot weather. 
 
 AUGUST 17 
 
 Horrible nettlerash. I cannot get any sleep, sent for the 
 physician; he says it was caused by the peaches. He has 
 put me on milk and barley-water. 
 
 AUGUST 19 
 
 Two inches less around the waist. Must go and see 
 Alfred, he will be overjoyed. 
 
 213
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 AUGUST 20 
 
 Ordered some new siirtouts for the autumn, four pairs 
 pantaloons and three silk vests — one striped the others 
 with flowers. 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 Another shock, Lord Castlereagh that was, now Lord 
 Londonderry, committed suicide on the 12th at North 
 Cray. He seemed perfectly well: dressing for breakfast, 
 he cut an artery in his arm; there was no reason for 
 such an act, political or otherwise. They say there is 
 hereditary madness in the family. Father had the great- 
 est respect for him. He had always been just in all his 
 dealings, so large-minded, and his word was to be depended 
 upon. 
 
 We remain in Paris all the summer, mamma and Frances 
 are paying visits in the country. . . . 
 
 SEPTEMBER 15: CHATEAU DU ROSEY ROLE 
 
 Father insists upon my coming here. He put it on the 
 plea that he wanted me to attend to some business in 
 Geneva for him, but I know he thought I was dull alone 
 with him. I did not like leaving him, but as he has Mon- 
 sieur de Lafayette and several other friends I consented. 
 It is lovely here and I am very glad to be with my cousins. 
 They make me feel more like a dwarf than ever, they are 
 so colossal. They have planned a trip to Chamounix 
 for me. Adrian Naville is to be of the party — we are 
 going in a few days. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 17 
 
 We went yesterday to Allaman and slept at the chateau. 
 My cousins the de Sellons were so glad to see us; they 
 have one whole side of the chateau covered with a vine 
 of American grapes: they are not quite ripe yet. A sister 
 of the Comte de Sellon married a Count Cavour from 
 
 214
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 Turin. They were on a visit at the chateau. They 
 have a son* with an enormous head, and one daughter 
 who is very handsome. Another sister of Monsieur de 
 Sellon's is the Duchesse de Clermont-Tonnerre, whom 
 we see so much of in Paris. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 19: CHAMOUNIX 
 
 We started early yesterday morning, a glorious day. 
 Mules met us and we reached here by the Tete Noire 
 Pass. A most beautiful road. Only one guide. A 
 very famous one who has made the ascent of Mont Blanc 
 eleven times. His name is Jacques Balmat. To-day 
 we have been to the Mer de Glace, a rather fine but dirty 
 glacier. We remain here till Friday. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 20 
 
 We have made several more ascents of moderate moun- 
 tains. My cousins are far more keen on finding some 
 chamoix to shoot. We saw several; they are very difficult 
 to approach and I only secured two. I am going to have 
 one of the heads stuffed as a trophy. The inn is very 
 modest, good beds, and the food very eatable but simple; 
 in fact, we are always ravenous, the air gives such splendid 
 appetite. Very few tourists. Some English, who seem 
 to be doing the ascents more as a task than a pleasure. 
 A French honeymoon couple who are most amusing. 
 They seem to imagine they are quite alone here. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 22: GENEVA 
 
 I left Chamounix with great regret. The Navilles in- 
 sisted on our paying them a visit of a few days. I have 
 been to see my cousins the Diodatis. Lord Byron occu- 
 pied the villa for several years and wrote several of his 
 poems there. They tell many funny stories and some very 
 odd ones about him, not quite fit for my diary. 
 
 * This boy was the famous Count Cavour who helped to make 
 united Italy. 
 
 215
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 SEPTEMBER 24: COPPET 
 
 We posted here to-day from Geneva and are stopping 
 the night. Such a truly hearty welcome from the de 
 Broglies and Auguste de Stael. The Duchesse de Luynes 
 and Monsieur Rocca* are here. It seems so strange to be 
 in this house and no Madame de Stael. Every time a 
 door opens I expect to see her enter. We leave to- 
 morrow for Du Rosey. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 26 
 
 A large shooting party arranged in the Jura to-morrow. 
 Blackcock is the principal game. We start at daylight, 
 which is about 3 o'clock. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 28 
 
 A delightful day and really quite a large bag. Twenty- 
 eight blackcock, sixteen miscellaneous birds, four foxes, 
 seventeen hares, two rats. A picnic-luncheon and more 
 champagne than was good for us; this was in my honour. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 29 
 
 I leave to-morrow for Saconnex to pay a visit to the 
 Budes; my friend Jules writes to me to be discreet, that 
 he is like a bird in a cage when at home. I will leave here 
 with regret, but I must be making my way back to Paris. 
 I feel it is my duty. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 30 
 
 Monsieur Du Rosey and his sons accompanied me part of 
 the way and Eugene and Jules de Bude met me and drove 
 me here. Jules confided in me that they were going to have 
 a soiree in my honour, adding " Mais les jeunes filles ne 
 sont pas nieme decoUetees." He is incorrigible. After an 
 excellent supper and a most genuinely hearty welcome 
 I retired early. I am now writing between the most 
 deliciously lavender-smelling sheets. 
 
 * Second husband of Madame de Stael. 
 216
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 OCTOBER 2: SACONNEX 
 
 The soiree after all was very amusing. Notwithstanding 
 the jeunes filles wore bright spencers they were so per- 
 fectly natural and so thoroughly enjoyed themselves. 
 They have far more liberty than French girls. I think 
 I must take to myself a Swiss wife ! 
 
 OCTOBER 7: DIJON 
 
 After a really charming visit I left Saconnex, slept one 
 night in Geneva. What delicious Burgundy is obtainable 
 here! It is such a delicate wine that transport changes 
 the flavour. I have a very pleasant travelling com- 
 panion who is on his way to the Embassy in Paris; he 
 has been at Berne and has risen a step — his name is 
 Cornwallis. He has not borrowed any money from me 
 as yet, so I believe he is genuine. 
 
 OCTOBER 14: PARIS 
 
 After several halts, arrived last night. Father very well. 
 He was pleased to see me back. I found plenty of work 
 to do, and have been hard at it all day. Matters political 
 in America are anything but satisfactory. Unless 
 there is some radical change, I hope we will not return. 
 Albert has written that the new house is in process of 
 building. As there is no architect to superintend it I 
 fear it will be a strange building. Father has sent out 
 marble mantel-pieces, &c. I dare not say so, but rather 
 out of place in Western Virginia. I told how in Geneva 
 all his relations hoped he would return there and settle 
 down. When I told him this there was a wistful look 
 in his eyes. 
 
 OCTOBER 16 
 
 We can do so little now as the Government is entirely 
 taken up with the war with Spain. At first it was 
 thought it would be disastrous to France, but opinion has 
 now changed. England has remained absolutely neutral. 
 
 217
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 OCTOBER 17 
 
 Absolutely no work to do, always the same life here. 
 I can hardly realize we have been here for six years. I 
 have quite made up my mind not to remain with another 
 Minister. I feel I ought to be "up and doing" and 
 make a career for myself. 
 
 OCTOBER 19 
 
 I have persuaded father to take a good rest, and he has 
 consented. Having remained in Paris all summer he is 
 looking very white and tired. To my great pleasure he 
 proposed that we (he and I) should go to Bourg and see 
 the fine Palace of Jacques Coeur — this has been a pleasure 
 long postponed. 
 
 OCTOBER 20 
 
 We are going in our own coach. I have to-day seen 
 about the relays of horses. Father takes his man Garden, 
 and I take Lucien. It is a good four days' journey. 
 
 OCTOBER 25 
 
 It has indeed repaid us to come here. I never realized 
 what Renaissance architecture was, and what a won- 
 derful man was Coeur — almost a magician. His origin 
 is hardly known — but at one time the richest man in 
 France, until Charles \TI stripped him of his fortune 
 to carry on his wars against the English, then by way 
 of gratitude threw him into a prison on a trumped-up 
 charge of poisoning Agnes Sorel, the former's mistress. 
 He was absolved of this charge. Went to the East and 
 made another fortune. One of his daughters married a 
 Lenthene, their daughter Agnes a Tudert, and Sarah 
 Tudert a Gallatin, our direct ancestor. 
 
 OCTOBER 26 
 
 W^e have been all day roaming about the chateau which 
 is a marvel of carving and decoration. Father has also 
 
 218
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 been studying the archives of Bourg and has found 
 much of interest. The auherge is very clean — good beds 
 and food. The place is absolutely a city of the dead. 
 I go to bed at 10 o'clock. 
 
 OCTOBER 27 
 
 We have made a few excursions in the environs to-day — 
 it is not a very pretty country. I have not seen a single 
 pretty woman — how do the men exist? 
 
 OCTOBER 28 
 
 We are leaving for Paris to-morrow by an entirely different 
 route which he has mapped out. I have thoroughly 
 enjoyed this quiet time with him, he is always interesting 
 and I know that I can always learn something from 
 him which improves me. For the first time, he has 
 mentioned his first wife to me. She evidently was the 
 real love of his life. They were only married a few 
 months when she died. Now I understand why he 
 wishes to return to Western Virginia: she died and was 
 buried there. I do not think he has ever mentioned 
 her name to mamma. Her memory is a sort of sacred 
 cult to him. It seems there was no doctor within reach; 
 he dared not leave her, and she died in great suffering 
 in his arms. 
 
 NOVEMBER 4 
 
 Back again and settled down to work. Mamma and 
 Frances returned this morning. They have been all 
 the summer on the Loire paying visits. Frances looks 
 so well. Mamma's temper is slightly uncertain — her 
 first remark to me was: "How your hair has fallen 
 out." "Let me look at your teeth; they're going 
 too." I replied with a Chesterfieldian bow, "We all 
 cannot look as young as you do." She snapped, "You 
 should show more respect for your mother." She is 
 now absorbed, looking over all the new autumn fashion- 
 
 219
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 plates which have been sent to her by her couturiere. 
 That will put her in a good humour. It is wonderful 
 what a soothing effect the prospect of a new frock ha§ 
 upon the female mind. They will sell their very soul 
 for a new bonnet. 
 
 NOVEMBER 6 
 
 We were much surprised this morning in receiving an 
 invitation from the Duchesse <le Berri for a soiree intime 
 in her apartments in the Tuilleries on the 8th. This 
 is the first invitation she has honoured us with since 
 the death of the Duke. 
 
 NOVEMBER 8 
 
 We dined at the English Embassy yesterday — a very 
 large company. The Marquis and Marquise d'Osmond — 
 they have just returned from London where he has held 
 the post of French Ambassador for a long time. There 
 were some rather odd stories about Madame d'Osmond. 
 Madame de Boigne, their daughter, has taken a large 
 Hotel in the Rue Bonaparte. Her mother and father 
 are to live with her, not that she needs a chaperone. 
 The Duchesse de Courland was another of the guests; 
 she renewed her attentions to father; I suppose that 
 she must now know that Pozzo di Borgo hoaxed her. 
 I sat next such a pretty English girl; she was so bright 
 and cheerful. I believe she is a niece or daughter of 
 Lord Clanricarde. Another charming girl was a Miss 
 Edwards, daughter of Lord Somebody, whose name I 
 did not catch. She took a great fancy to Frances and 
 asked to be allowed to call to see her. Mamma told her 
 she would be delighted to receive her. 
 The gardens of the embassy are beautiful. The 
 Hotel* is in the Faubourg St. Honore, and the gardens 
 run to the Champs Elysees. I believe the English 
 
 * The Hotel Borghese, bought by the Duke of Wellington for the 
 English Government for £36,000. 
 
 220
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 Government bought it for some absurdly small sum 
 after the Revolution. Why is it so many English women 
 have those rabbit teeth? it quite spoils their beauty. 
 
 NOVEMBER 9 
 
 The soiree at the Duchesse de Berri's was very gay. 
 She had a band of Neapolitan singers and dancers in 
 costume, a great novelty for Paris. The Duchesse 
 d'Angouleme was present and was more unbending than 
 I have ever seen her before. I do not think she quite 
 approved of the sans fagon style of the entertainment. 
 Neither the Due nor Monsieur were present. The Duchesse 
 de Berri has grown fat, but has improved in her looks. 
 She is very loud, was dressed abominably and has lost 
 her figure. Many lovers are assigned to her, but I never 
 believe half I hear. The Due and Duchesse d'Orleans 
 were both present, all was over at 1 o'clock. We danced 
 until midnight, when supper was served. The Palace is 
 so very dirty, it has not been cleaned for years. I hear 
 the Royal Family are all moving to St. Cloud and the 
 Tuilleries is to be entirely cleansed. I am sure it is 
 not healthy. 
 
 NOVEMBER 10 
 
 I am seriously thinking of going in for the Diplomatic 
 Service. Commencing as I have at such an early age, 
 I have already acquired some useful knowledge. Father 
 hopes that a regular Diplomatic Service will be organized 
 in America the same as in other countries. In any case 
 I believe I would always be employed by the Government. 
 Some relations sent mamma some live terrapin from 
 Baltimore. Frances and I took out two into the garden 
 and tried to make them race — Frances's won. It seemed 
 to cheer them up after their long sea voyage. 
 
 NOVEMBER 12 
 
 I was to shoot at Fontainebleau but the rain has not 
 ceased for two daj'^s. Monsieur de Lafayette has been here 
 
 221
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 for a few days, and he does not seem to care to go out of 
 the house — he is very mysterious and father is convinced 
 that he has some new plot. He was closeted with Mr. 
 Baring for several hours this afternoon. A report has 
 just come that the King is very ill at St. Cloud. The 
 Court was to have returned to Paris to-day but it is now 
 postponed. 
 
 NOVEMBER 13 
 
 A fine day at last, bright sunshine. Father has mapped 
 out a regular course of reading for me. Books on diplo- 
 macy. I shut myself up in my room this morning 
 from 9 until 12. I hope to keep this up every day. I 
 gave the first sitting for my miniature this afternoon. 
 Had two teeth drawn — great pain. We heard to-day that 
 Mrs. Robert Patterson is going to marry the Marquis 
 of Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington's brother; he is 
 Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Madame Bonaparte will 
 burst with envy. 
 
 NOVEMBER 16 
 
 Miss Edwards and Cornwallis dined with us to-day, 
 the former is a daughter of Lord Kensington, she and 
 Frances have struck up a great friendship. Unfortu- 
 nately she is leaving shortly for England, and returning 
 after the Christmas holidays. She has invited Frances 
 to go back with her, and Lady Kensington has written 
 to mamma requesting her to allow Frances to accompany 
 her daughter. Mamma will not give her consent. When 
 father heard of it he said, " All women have unreasonable 
 reasons." 
 
 NOVEMBER 17 
 
 The Duchesse de Courland called this morning, abso- 
 lutely forced her way in. Father was greatly an- 
 noyed and had great difficulty in getting rid of her. I 
 have been all the afternoon at Alfred's, my tailor's. 
 
 222
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 He is making me some coats and pantaloons of the 
 latest fashion. I must either eat less or wear a whale- 
 bone belt. Alfred is in despair; he says my figure 
 takes all the soul out of his creations. Lucien is in trouble 
 and has confessed to me — this time it is a married woman 
 and the husband has found everything out. Mamma 
 has discovered an old nigger cook, an escaped slave, 
 and has promptly engaged her. Simply to cook hominy, 
 Maryland chicken, buckwheat cakes and waffles. If 
 I eat much of this fare, no whalebone belt will keep me 
 in bounds and the great Alfred will commit suicide. 
 
 NOVEMBER 20 
 
 There are extraordinary stories, more or less true, of the 
 immense sums that Madame du Cayla has obtained from 
 the poor King. Sosthene de la Rochefoucauld was, and 
 some say is still, her lover; he has carried through all 
 her disgraceful intrigues against the Government. The 
 Due de Richelieu had the greatest contempt for her 
 and did not disguise it. The last scandal of Madame Berna- 
 dotte, Queen of Sweden, is that when poor Monsieur de 
 Richelieu went into the country she followed him, stopping 
 at all the auherges that he did. What is incomprehensible 
 is that Bernadotte allowed her to behave as she did. 
 But it seems he is only too delighted to get rid of her. 
 Father says when he first saw him he was a coarse, 
 vulgar creature, without manners and totally without 
 education. I believe the only descendant of the last 
 King of Sweden is the Queen of Wiirtemberg. I must 
 ask Comte de Gallatin about him. I suppose some day 
 the descendants of Bernadotte will rank with the other 
 Royal Families of Europe. 
 
 NOVEMBER 22 
 
 We dined yesterday with the Due and Duchesse de 
 Montmorency. They have not lived together for many 
 years. He was seized with a religious mania. She has 
 
 223
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 now fallen violently in love with him; it is absurd to see 
 her behaviour in public. It makes it far worse as she 
 is an extremely ugly woman. He on the contrary is 
 known as the handsomest man in France. 
 
 NOVEMBER 30, 1822 
 
 This I fear will be our last Christmas and New Year in 
 Paris; as far as I can look ahead we will be in Western 
 Virginia this time next year. What an extraordinary 
 change it will be. I often ask myself, was it right to bring 
 me, at the age of sixteen, abroad ? To lead a life absolutely 
 different from that at home. To accustom me to luxury 
 and excitement. I never like to question what he does, 
 but sometimes I fear he made a mistake. Here I am at the 
 age of twenty-five, without any future mapped out for me, 
 accustomed to simply wasting my time in an everlasting 
 routine of enjoyment. He is wise and may be perfectly 
 right — that I will tire of this life and will be only too 
 glad to settle down to a quiet and rational existence. 
 Naturally with his influence he can always place me in 
 some good position. Last year Alexander Baring offered 
 to take me into his banking house in London, but father 
 seems to cling to me and if I once went to London in all 
 probability we would be separated for years. It would 
 never enter my heart to do anything to displease him 
 or cause him a moment's pain. 
 
 DECEMBER 2 
 
 Frances has begged to have a soiree on Christmas Eve. 
 So that is settled. We are going to act a little fairy- 
 tale, which I think will be very pretty. 
 
 DECEMBER 4 
 
 More and more invitations — the trouble is that most of 
 them are from the Corps Diplomatique and we cannot 
 refuse. 
 Several pages entirely ruined by dampness. — Editor. 
 
 224
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 Tried on four pairs pantaloons and two coats to-day. 
 Alfred is pleased that I am thinner. 
 
 Father seems much disgusted by news from America. 
 He has not told me what it is, but I believe it has to do 
 with the Presidential Election. Mr. Adams has written 
 me a very friendly letter, asking me what my opinion is 
 with regard to father, and hinting that a place in the 
 new Cabinet would be found for him if Mr. Crawford is 
 returned. I do not think this is quite right as they are 
 both opposed in political opinions and belong to opposite 
 parties. I cannot gauge his reason for writing. I 
 know in his heart of hearts he has a very strong opinion 
 of father's ability. I have not mentioned the receipt 
 of the letter to father and will answer it without com- 
 mitting myself in any way. I fully recognize the fact 
 that it is quite useless to remain here. Father is simply 
 wasted. Any one can fill the post as there is absolutely 
 nothing to do. Father is deeply occupied in writing 
 some pamphlet, and so absorbed is he that at times I 
 really believe he forgets he is in France. 
 
 DECEMBER 6 
 
 Our poor old nigger, Mamie, had a stroke to-day, her 
 lower limbs are paralysed. The doctors think she will 
 recover. I went up to see her in her room. As I ap- 
 proached I heard her singing and waited to hear the words; 
 they were repeated over and over again, always the same. 
 "Nobody pity me, nobody pity me, but Jesus, she came 
 riding by and said, 'Nigger f oiler me.' " Poor old soul. 
 I asked her how old she was. She said, "Perhaps 
 twenty, perhaps a hundred." 
 
 DECEMBER 7 
 
 I find I can only write every two days in my dear old 
 diary. Our little fairy-play will, I think, be very pretty. 
 It is from an old one father found in his grandmother's 
 papers, and was acted at Cassell. Of course there is a 
 
 225
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Princess (this is Frances), a good fairy and a bad one, 
 a naughty boy (myself), a Prince and a host of fairies 
 of all sizes. I have borrowed all sorts of scenery, &c. 
 &c., from the property man at the opera. Mamma is 
 in her element with the dresses. 
 
 DECEMBER 8 
 
 First rehearsal to-day. j\Iamie Kitty has recovered the 
 use of one leg — the guilty footman I met on the stairs 
 with a large bunch of violets. The French are so good- 
 hearted. He said to me, "Excellence, ce n'est ma faute, 
 n' est-ce-pas f " 
 Skating again, but I have not been out as yet. 
 
 DECEMBER 9 
 
 Father had a long talk with me this morning. He has 
 quite decided to return in the spring to America. The 
 new house will be completed and w'e will bury ourselves. 
 I will not remain there long. 
 
 DECEMBER 10 
 
 Have been skating all day. Bright sunshine, but very 
 cold. Katinka Caumont la Force as energetic as ever. 
 She seems very happy. 
 
 DECEMBER 12 
 
 No time now except for rehearsal — the girls will chatter, 
 so I have offered a prize to the one who keeps her tongue 
 quiet for ten minutes at a time. No one has won it yet. 
 
 DECEMBER 15 
 
 Between rehearsals and skating I don't seem to have 
 time for anything else. If it were summer we could have 
 had our play in the garden, still the ball-room is quite large 
 enough. We have invited four hundred guests. Before the 
 play the two de Lussac girls, a Clermont-Tonnerre, Mile 
 de Montesquieu and two Gallatins are going to dance 
 
 226
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
 
 such a pretty pavane. The dancing mistress of the 
 opera is teaching them. They are to be poudrees. It 
 will be all "milk and water," but pretty. Many of my 
 suggestions have been scouted with horror. The only 
 person who backs me up at all is Pozzo di Borgo. He 
 says: "Mais pourquoi pasf " He does not know 
 mamma. 
 
 DECEMBER 16 
 
 Skating all the morning. A thaw has set in. A venture- 
 some Frenchman was boldly pushing one of the sledges 
 with his fiancee in it, when crack went the ice and in they 
 went, only about two feet of water. Both shrieked "sauvez- 
 nous." We sensibly answered "walk to the bank." 
 When they did manage to climb up, they were received 
 by their respective mammas and papas, hugged and 
 embraced as if they had escaped a great danger. 
 
 DECEMBER 16 
 
 Obliged to go to a reception at the Spanish Embassy. 
 Father insisted upon my accompanying him. A great 
 crowd. The Orleans family were present. Talleyrand 
 looked like an old rat. I hate the sight of him. 
 
 DECEMBER 21 
 
 Father has just had an official note that Monsieur de 
 Montmorency has resigned from his post of Minister of 
 Foreign Affairs and that Monsieur de Villele is to keep 
 the place warm for Monsieur de Chateaubriand. This 
 has amazed him exceedingly. The continual changing 
 of the Minister of P'oreign Affairs absolutely places the 
 negotiations re the Indemnity claims at a standstill; after 
 Monsieur de Montmorency's pledges given to father in 
 July it is not just or straightforward. Father has sent 
 a very strong note couched in these terms to Monsieur 
 de Villele. 
 
 227
 
 1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 DECEMBER 23 
 
 All is now ready and our last rehearsal will take place 
 to-night. This morning Madame de Boigne called. The 
 Duchesse d'Orleans had intimated to her that they would 
 like to see our little play. Of course father M'ent at once 
 in person and apologized on the score that he did not think 
 the little entertainment worthy of their Royal Highnesses. 
 Begged they would honour him with their presence. 
 They are all coming. 
 
 CHRISTMAS DAY 
 
 The pavane and fairy-tale were really charming and 
 far surpassed what I had expected. The moving trees 
 in the play were a great novelty. They were worked by 
 small fairies, which I had trained. When Frances ap- 
 peared riding a wee white donkey led by fairies the Due 
 led off the applause, which was very hearty. Frances 
 did look lovely and acted so well. After all was over 
 the Due and Duchesse and Mademoiselle stood by the 
 fire-place and we (the actors) all defiled before them. 
 Their congratulations were very hearty. 
 
 DECEMBER 26 
 
 We had a quiet Christmas dinner — some waifs and strays 
 that mamma had invited. 
 
 DECEMBER 28 
 
 I have promised to go to a supper to see the New Year in, 
 as I am nearly certain this will be our last New Year in 
 Paris — Paris that I adore, Paris that has at last taught 
 me that there is more in life than frivolity and amuse- 
 ment. Father is wise. I know he wished both Albert 
 and myself away from any town in America. Paris 
 has taught me much and I think now I will profit by the 
 lesson. 
 
 228
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 
 
 DECEMBER 30 
 
 I went with mamma to-day in a common coach. To-day 
 she took all her New Year offerings to some poor Ameri- 
 cans. She is so truly kind. Hampers of food, clothes, 
 &c. &c. She did not even forget the children, and had 
 toys for them all. Frances has a cold or would have gone 
 with us. I dread a tedious dinner at the de la Roche- 
 foucaulds'. All of us are bidden. 
 
 JANUARY 2, 1823 
 
 I have been too busy to write a line in my diary. 
 The usual Court defile on New Year's Day. The King 
 looking very ill and did not seem to take any interest 
 in anything. Madame du Cayla triumphant by his side. 
 It seemed such a strange thing, as if she were his wife. 
 We dined with Pozzo di Borgo at the Embassy; nearly all 
 Russians, a Monsieur Narishkin, the greatest noble in 
 Russia, but who bears no title, his card is simply "Narish- 
 kin." It is very strange, but Russians are only semi- 
 civilized. Perfect manners, external polish — the moment 
 they have just a little too much to drink, the savage 
 comes out. Very true the saying is, " Scratch the Russian 
 and find the Tartar." Such a round of calls for the New 
 Year commencing at the Palais Royale, all the Diplo- 
 matic Corps, &c. — it took us the whole day. 
 
 JANUARY 5 
 
 I have had a sore throat and not able to go out for the last 
 three days. Disquieting letters from Albert in America. 
 Father has quite decided to return to America and give 
 up his post here. Mr. Astor, with great courage, has writ- 
 ten begging him to remain. Rather amusing as it is 
 evidently for his own interests, as he is shortly coming to 
 Paris. 
 
 Miss Edwards comes to stay with us for a month on 
 Friday. I am pleased for Frances's sake as I fear she is 
 a little dull being so hemmed in by les convenances. 
 
 229
 
 1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 JANUARY 6 
 
 Katinka Galitzin (Caumont la Force) had a baby last 
 
 night. Oddly enough the sex is not yet decided. 
 
 JANUARY 8 
 
 My throat all right again. Miss Edwards has postponed 
 her arrival until the 12th. I go to Fontainebleau for 
 four days for the chase. 
 
 JANUARY 10: FONTAINEBLEAU 
 
 Perfect weather. We are a large party, several ladies 
 for the first time. The rage is now to gamble — the 
 tables are set out directly after dinner, which is over 
 at 8 o'clock. They play until 11.30 and then supper 
 is announced. The moment it is over back again to 
 the tables. The favourite game is "Boston"; it was 
 invented I believe by the officers on the French ship of 
 war in Boston Harbour. I, without being noticed, steal 
 off to bed after supper as I do not gamble, so find it very 
 tedious. 
 
 JANUARY 12 
 
 Madame Carillon la Tour lost the skirt of her riding dress 
 to-day, it caught in a low bough of a tree and was literally 
 torn off. There fortunately was a coach close at hand, 
 as we were near to the Grand Pharamond. She did 
 not appear at dinner. The daughter-in-law of the Prince 
 de Poix had an altercation at the gambling table and 
 slapped Madame de Montesquieu's face — the Comtesse 
 de Maille lost very highly and burst into tears, saying 
 she was ruined. How gambling debases people. The 
 gentlest of women becomes a virago when she is gambling. 
 A noisy supper — soon after I was off to bed. 
 
 JANUARY 13 
 
 Horrid adventure last night. I have had just the ghost of 
 an intrigue with a certain lady who is here with her sister. 
 
 230
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 
 
 She had made an appointment for me to come to her 
 room after all was quiet in the house. I arrayed myself 
 in a large flowered damask dressing-gown (made of an 
 old frock of mamma's) and sallied forth d Vaventure. 
 All went well. I found the room; the door was slightly 
 ajar. Entering I locked it, the key snapped off short 
 in the lock. Horror of horrors ! No other means of 
 exit. Too high for me to jump out of the window. We 
 were at our wits' end; quoi fairef After much thought 
 I decided on a plan — Madame de L. was to knock loudly on 
 the door the moment she heard the servants moving in 
 the morning. I was to lie perdu. She, after the door 
 was opened, to go to her sister's room which was on the 
 floor above, taking the servant with her. All went well 
 until I emerged from the room. I saw four distinct 
 heads looking out of four doors, nothing to be done but 
 to make a bolt for it, which I did; I do not think they 
 recognized me. As soon as I reached my room I kindled 
 the fire and burnt my dressing-gown as that could easily 
 be identified. I am now waiting events. We are just 
 off to the chase. 
 
 JANUARY 15 
 
 Last evening at dinner Monsieur de Champeau suddenly 
 asked, " Who has a red and green damask dressing-gown ? " 
 nobody responded. Tour du Pain said, "How odd, I 
 certainly have seen one," still no answer. Madame 
 de Castries turned to me and said, "What colour is your 
 dressing-gown?" I blandly answered "rose": the old 
 cat, she must have been looking out of her door. Madame 
 de Cosse Brissac exclaimed, "I certainly saw a figure 
 in a most gorgeous red and green damask gown in the 
 corridor." 
 
 I had confided my adventure to George Caraman. He 
 had two dressing-gowns with him and had lent me his 
 "rose" one so I feel perfectly safe. Madame de Castries 
 said, "The only way to decide this was for all the 
 
 231
 
 1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 gentlemen to retire and to put on their dressing-gowns 
 and to defile before the ladies." This we did — and re- 
 turned to the salon. Shouts of laughter when old 
 Comte de Laval appeared in a dressing-gown of broad 
 green and red stripes. He is the brother of Madame de 
 Brissac; she instantly said, "That is not the one, it was 
 large flowers of red, green and gold." Madame de 
 Castries instantly said, "You know more about the 
 pattern than anybody else, so it must have been from 
 your room that I saw the gentleman emerge at 6 o'clock 
 this morning." Madame de B. answered, "At least 
 respect my age." This was received with shouts of. 
 laughter. 
 
 JANUARY 16 
 
 Paris, arrived home late this afternoon and had to dress 
 with all haste to take mamma and Frances to a concert 
 at the Palais Roj^ale. Father had intended to accom- 
 pany them, but he has had a cold. Katinka's baby has 
 declared itself — it is a boy. 
 
 JANUARY 18 
 
 The concert very fine. Grande toilette. All the Corps 
 Diplomatique; a host of English; the Countess of Stafford 
 whom I had met at Coppet in 1815. She recognized me 
 at once and was most gracious saying, "I can no longer 
 call you Cupid." Father has bidden mother to invite 
 her to dinner for the 26th. Also the Due and Duchesse 
 d 'Orleans and Mademoiselle. Pie has told me to make 
 out a list of the people whom I think will best suit, and 
 to submit it to him, so that he can forward it to 
 the Palais Royale for their approval. 
 
 JANUARY 19 
 
 A hard frost. Skated this afternoon. Opera in the 
 evening. Frances ate too many candies and had indi- 
 gestion, so could not go. Mamma had her put to bed 
 
 232
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 
 
 before we started. Letters from Albert not satisfactory. 
 I am going to-morrow to consult Alfred about my 
 costume for the 26tli. It is very late and I have just 
 finished drafting some dispatches to Mr. Rush. They 
 were laid out on my table where I found them on my 
 return from the opera. Mile Favier looked with favour 
 upon me. I will send her some flowers to-morrow. 
 
 JANUARY 20 
 
 Sent Mile Favier some flowers, cost me 20 francs; 
 hidden in them a little "could I would she" billet-doux. 
 I will await results. 
 
 JANUARY 21 
 
 No answer as yet. I will go to the opera to-night; she 
 is dancing. Father is disgusted with the childish be- 
 haviour of the French Ministry. If they would only 
 give a decided answer one way or the other, he would 
 then know the position he stood in. Still no answer to 
 my note. Last night she did not even look at me. A 
 louis thrown away. 
 
 JANUARY 22 
 
 All our guests have accepted for the 26th. The Due 
 approved the list. In fact, I believe he never alters one 
 sent by an Ambassador or Minister of a foreign Power. 
 We are having a tented room built over the garden, 
 for the music. 
 
 JANUARY 23 
 
 An extraordinary note from Madame de Boigne saying 
 she supposed her invitation must have miscarried, but 
 that she accepted with pleasure; quoi fairef We now 
 have to find another man to balance the table. A note 
 has just been brought to me from Mile F., would I sup 
 with her on the 26th — was there ever such luck? I 
 will try to see her to explain. We do not dine until 
 
 233
 
 1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 8 o'clock and the Orleans always stop very late. Alber- 
 tine de Broglie has just offered the loan of her fine plate. 
 
 JANUARY 24 
 
 Father has just put his veto on our using the de Broglie's 
 plate so kindly offered. He dislikes anything like show 
 or pretence in any way. Mamma is sad and silent. I 
 went this afternoon and parted with another louis d'or 
 and literally laid some flowers at the Favier's feet. 
 She was at home and received me most graciously. I 
 explained how I was situated and with great grace she 
 begged me not to apologize but to come to supper the 
 next night. The louis was well spent after all. I can- 
 not but feel sorry for the Bonapartists. They are barely 
 recognized. Even their showy titles are not given to 
 them. There is a son of the Emperor, a Count Walewski, 
 his mother was a Pole. He is quite young, a handsome 
 lad, and is being well brought up. One of our guests on 
 the 26th is the Countess de Flahaut, she is very old. 
 Her son was the lover of Queen Hortense, the wife of 
 Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland. She has a son by 
 Flahaut. The old Madame de Flahaut was born Souza- 
 Bothelo, and is a very grand dame. Her coach is the 
 finest in Paris after the King's — four footmen standing 
 up behind. She looks like a mummy. Very cold. 
 Father sent for me this afternoon to copy some dis- 
 patches for him in post-haste. I do hope he is not going 
 to be drawn into political life again. I said quite inno- 
 cently to mamma, "So Katinka's child is a boy after all." 
 Mamma answered, "The Princess wrote to me it was a 
 girl." I replied, "The Prince told me yesterday it was a 
 boy." Seeing mamma was beginning to show unmis- 
 takable signs of strong character I cried, "A truce, 
 she must have had twins." 
 
 JANUARY 26 
 
 Everything is in a bustle and a hustle. It is not an easy 
 matter to entertain at dinner sixty people when the house- 
 
 234
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [182S 
 
 hold is not a very large one. Chevet is doing the main 
 part of the cooking. Our Russian glass is very fine; it was 
 a present to father from the Tsar Alexander. Mile 
 Favier was more than gracious. I will see more of her. 
 
 JANUARY 27 
 
 The banquet was very fine, and marked by great simplicity 
 in comparison with those at the Russian, Spanish, and 
 English Embassies. The Orleans did not leave until 
 after midnight. 
 
 All the heads of the Corps Diplomatique were present with 
 their ladies. The Marchioness of Stafford wore very mag- 
 nificent, superb jewels. She is so absolutely simple and 
 unaffected, but such a great lady. The dinner was 
 excellent. Music just loud enough. Mamma radiant. 
 The Due d'Orleans speaks such perfect English and as she 
 had the English Ambassador on her left she was quite 
 at her ease. Monsieur de Lafayette, who is well received 
 at the Palais Royale, was present. The Due d'Orleans 
 expressed great regret to both father and to mamma that 
 we were returning to America. Father has only applied 
 for six months' leave and will await the turn of events. 
 Albert is most anxious for him to see the new home, which 
 has cost far more than father had estimated. 
 
 JANUARY 29 
 
 As this is our last Carnival I am going to try to amuse 
 myself, but I have not much heart for it. I frankly own 
 I dread returning to America. I have no friends of my own 
 age there, nothing in common with the young American 
 men. They are all absorbed in making money. The 
 idea of being tied down to a counting-house stool after 
 my life here is most repugnant to me. Father cannot 
 expect me to settle down in a wild country without 
 neighbours — absolutely thrown on our own resources. 
 Madame de Duras and Madame de Bethisy called on 
 mamma to-day, the former to express the regret of her 
 
 235
 
 1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Royal mistress, the Duchesse d'Angouleme, and the latter 
 that of the Duchesse de Berri, at our approaching departure. 
 Madame de Duras said her Royal mistress expressed 
 a desire to receive mamma and Frances absolutely 
 privately — not officially. The interview is to be on 
 February 4. It is certainly most gracious of her. 
 Father wishes to pay a short visit to Geneva, but 
 the weather is much too severe at present for him to 
 undertake the journey. Frances is rather elated at the 
 idea of returning to America. She wants the freedom 
 which young girls enjoy there. I can quite understand 
 that. Monsieur de Lafayette has informed father that 
 he intends paying his last visit to America. This will be at 
 least something to look forward to. 
 
 JANUARY 30 
 
 Easter is late this year. The Carnival does not begin 
 until the middle of next month. Rumours that the 
 King had a stroke to-day, but not yet verified. Madame 
 Bonaparte very much annoyed with father for leaving 
 France without having married Frances into some great 
 family. 
 
 FEBRUARY 2 
 
 Always some petty and annoying dispatches from 
 America framed by Mr. Adams. I really think he spends 
 his idle moments in writing them, simply to vent his spleen 
 on father for his imaginary grievances at Ghent. A 
 delightful letter from Mr. Rufus King* in an entirely 
 different strain. Madame Patterson Bonaparte was 
 most amusing to-day at dinner relating all her experiences 
 at Rome and Florence with the Bonaparte family. 
 Madame Mere she prefers to them all, saying she is a 
 simple Corsican country woman with common sense. 
 The others, she says, cannot get over the position they 
 
 * Rufus King, grandfather of Madame Waddington, late French 
 ambassadress at the Court of St. James. 
 
 236
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 
 
 once held, and in everything they do, show their bad 
 breeding. She says that there is not one of the Em- 
 peror's sisters who has not one or more illegitimate chil- 
 dren and that they seem to glory in it instead of thinking 
 it a disgrace. It seems last evening she was at the 
 Russian Embassy when the Due d'Orleans was an- 
 nounced. She at once tried to withdraw, but he met her at 
 the door and made her a low bow saying, "Bon soir, 
 Princesse." I am certain she was flattered or she would not 
 have repeated it. A dear old American woman called 
 to-day; she has a great desire to see the King at close 
 quarters. Father was so impressed by her simplicity 
 and sincerity that he is going to arrange for her to be in 
 one of the rooms his Majesty passes through. She is 
 from the West and told father she had actually seen 
 the Dauphin there (Louis XVII), that he had been brought 
 up by some Indians who had turned Christian. Father 
 was much interested as she described the clothes he had 
 worn when he came to America. All of the finest quality; 
 that he himself could not remember anything beyond 
 a prison, a mob and a very beautiful mother — also great 
 grief. If he is not the Dauphin (which father doubts) 
 he must be the child of some great noble who was guillo- 
 tined during the French revolution. Still it is interesting. 
 The Duchesse d'Angouleme is convinced that her brother 
 is still alive. Father thought perhaps of introducing 
 this woman to her presence, but on maturer thought 
 thinks it would perhaps be unwise to open fresh wounds. 
 His belief is that this child may be the son of the Due 
 de Bourbon, or some other Bourbon. 
 
 FEBRUARY 3 
 
 Very cold again. Skating on the Petit Lac. I miss 
 Katinka, who was always such a cheerful companion. 
 Madame Bonaparte has been extolling the beauty of a 
 Mile Josephine Pascault, the daughter of the Marquis 
 de Poleon, who lives in Baltimore. She says to see her 
 
 237
 
 1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 is to fall in love with her. She is the youngest sister 
 of Madame Reubel, who was the great friend of Madame 
 Bonaparte when she was a girl. There is twenty-two 
 years' difference in their ages, as Mile Pascault was 
 born when her mother was fifty-two years of age. I 
 have something to look forward to as I worship beauty. 
 
 FEBRUARY 5 
 
 All the Corps Diplomatique have called upon us to express 
 their regret at our departure. I really believe they are 
 all sincere. Father with his great simplicity of manner, 
 his sincerity, has won all hearts. I do not think he ever 
 has an evil thought. 
 
 Mamma and Frances had a most delightful interview 
 with the Duchesse d'Angouleme yesterday afternoon. 
 She received them in her boudoir absolutely without 
 ceremony; expressed her regret that mamma was 
 leaving and said many flattering things. When they 
 retired she drew Frances to her and kissed her on both 
 cheeks. Poor woman, she has always longed for a child 
 of her own. 
 
 FEBRUARY 7 
 
 I am going to make an ass of myself at the Carnival — 
 have been drawn into going with some boon companions 
 in a car. I go to-morrow to Compiegne to hunt, but for 
 one night only. 
 
 FEBRUARY 9 
 
 Enjoyed Compiegne very much: a fine day, and we 
 killed several head of deer. The party was entirely 
 made up of men — so was devoid of interest. 
 
 FEBRUARY 10 
 
 Showers of invitations for farewell dinners before Lent. 
 Father will go to Geneva as soon as Lent commences. 
 
 ^ 238
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 
 
 He goes alone. That Comtesse de Boigne is irrepressible; 
 she had the audacity to ask mamma at the Spanish 
 Embassy last night if her jewels were real. I cannot 
 understand a woman of her birth and education being so 
 absolutely tactless. I think mamma must have given 
 her a decided answer. 
 
 FEBRUARY 15 
 
 Full Carnival. I am beginning to enjoy it. We have 
 arranged a car — also various suppers. A masked ball 
 to-night at the opera. I am going to escort Mile F. 
 Supper at the INIaison Doree. 
 
 FEBRUARY 17 
 
 Car a great success. Representing a "Horn of Plenty," 
 we were all most carefully disguised, ces dames as well. A 
 boisterous supper. Enfin — the last for me, so I will 
 enjoy it though I have not got quite the zest and entrain 
 of a couple of years since. 
 
 FEBRUARY 19 
 
 A dinner of farewell to-night at the Due de Fernan 
 Nunez, the Spanish Ambassador's. To-morrow the Baron 
 Vincent entertains us. I will have to manage to get off 
 early as there is a ball at the opera and we have a supper — 
 this time des dames du monde. 
 
 FEBRUARY 22 
 
 To-night, Shrove Tuesday — our last supper, our last 
 ball, my last time in the half-world as we leave, I 
 believe, in April — finis ! 
 
 FEBRUARY 24 
 
 Bad news from America about Albert, both father and 
 mother much troubled. I am sorry. Serious work now; 
 all entertaining at a standstill until Easter. It is freezing 
 again, I am glad to say — prospects of skating. 
 
 239
 
 1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Frances had an excellent proposal for her hand to-day, a 
 man of good family, well off, &c., but she has only seen 
 him twice. Father would not think of such a marriage 
 for her. 
 
 MARCH 4 
 
 I think we all begin now to realize what a wrench it will be 
 to leave Paris, Mamma was trying to make plans for 
 our arrival in America. Her sister, Mrs. Montgomery, 
 has very kindly placed her country house near New 
 York at our disposal. Father will have to go both to 
 Washington and to Geneva. Baltimore will be our 
 ultimate end until that wretched house is finished. 
 Mamma actually burst into tears when talking over plans 
 for the future. She has now acknowledged that it will 
 be hard for her to leave Paris. Of course none of this 
 is said before father; we never distress him if it can be 
 avoided. 
 
 MARCH 12 
 
 As soon as Lent is over we begin our round of adieus. 
 I am making out the list so that we will not offend any- 
 body by forgetting them. Mamma says it is useless 
 for her to order any more frocks for either herself or 
 Frances as they will have no opportunity of wearing them. 
 
 APRIL 16 
 
 Easter being over we are beginning to strike our tents and 
 packing has already commenced. The Government 
 has placed the Peacock at father's disposal. As the 
 King is leaving for St. Cloud we take an informal leave 
 of him on the 19th. As father has only applied for leave 
 for six months this does not necessitate a formal leave- 
 taking. Madame Bonaparte has been most kind. She 
 has done everything to cheer mamma and Frances. She 
 told us to-day that she had written to her father to do all 
 in his power for us in Baltimore. We really will be home- 
 less. No use regretting, it cannot be mended. 
 
 240
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 
 
 APRIL 20 
 
 At n.30 we were received privately by the King. 
 Wondsrful to relate, Madame du Cayla was not present. 
 Both Monsieur and the Due d'Angouleme were. The 
 King seemed overcome, expressed deep regret at parting 
 with father. Mamma and Frances were then admitted 
 and took a formal farewell of him. Both Monsieur 
 and the Due d'Angouleme accompanied father and 
 mamma to the door of the ante-chamber and expressed 
 a wish that they would return to Paris. The Due 
 d'Aumont then escorted us to the apartments of the 
 Duchesse d'Angouleme. Half-way he handed us over 
 to the care of the Duchesse de Serent and the Vicomte 
 de Montmorency. Mamma and Frances were received 
 first — after they retired, father and myself were intro- 
 duced. The Duchesse was most unbending and expressed 
 regret, but the hope of seeing father again. She handed 
 him a sealed packet, begging him to take great care of it. 
 We then retired and to our amazement found a Royal 
 carriage had been ordered to take us home; a second 
 one followed with a gentleman and a lady of the Court. 
 This was a very great compliment — as it was only an 
 informal leave-taking. To-morrow we go to the Palais 
 Royale to take leave. To-night I am going to the opera 
 with a heavy heart, there to take a loving farewell of all 
 the ladies who have shown me much kindness. I cannot 
 afford to offer them a supper, I only wish I could. 
 
 APRIL 21, 1823 
 
 We had a most charming reception at the Palais Royale. 
 They one and all expressed their regret at our departure, 
 and I believe it was sincere; certainly on the part of 
 the Duchesse and Mademoiselle. All the elder children 
 were present and each one in English wished us a pleasant 
 and speedy voyage and hoped we would soon return. 
 They had been taught their little lesson very well. 
 Father opened the package that the Duchesse d'An- 
 
 241
 
 1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 goiileme handed to him. It contains several copies 
 of letters addressed to her from America from people 
 who imagine they are the Dauphin (Louis XVII) and 
 from others who state that the poor child was given into 
 their care. A note from her begging father to investigate 
 the matter if he possibly can, as it is the great wish of 
 her life if her brother is alive to be able to find him. 
 Of course father will do all he can, but he is very sceptical 
 on the matter and fears that wicked people are trying 
 to prey on her feelings with a view of making money. 
 
 APRIL 22 
 
 Count Pozzo di Borgo has been kindness itself. He 
 breakfasted with us to-day. He brought Frances such 
 a pretty bracelet. Alexander Humboldt and Lafayette 
 come to dinner to-morrow for a last farewell. Monsieur 
 la Place* sent his regrets, but he is confined to the house 
 with rheumatism. He sent mamma some beautiful 
 flowers. 
 
 All is quite settled and we sail for America in May. 
 Father is much vexed that he has wasted all these years 
 on so futile a mission. He has in plain words informed 
 Monsieur de Chateaubriand that France must change 
 her policy if she wishes to retain the friendship of America. 
 
 MAY 10 
 
 We leave on the 14th. I regret parting with so many 
 kind friends — the de Broglies in particular. I have 
 made nearly all my adieus. One and all have expressed 
 a wish that we will return. Some I know to be sincere, 
 the others are not worth a thought. I will always look 
 back upon these seven years spent in my beloved Paris. 
 Father has had that stone house built at New Geneva, 
 an absolutely wild place. I doubt if he ever inhabits it. 
 I deeply regret for Frances's sake that we could not remain 
 a few years longer. INIamma, who has that impassive 
 * A well-known writer on finance. 
 242
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 
 
 nature that nothing upsets, is quite serene and happy 
 now, Madame Bonaparte has really shown deep feeling 
 at parting with us. I think she is very grateful but she 
 does not allow herself to show too much of her true 
 nature. 
 
 LE HAVRE, ON BOARD "THE PEACOCK" 
 
 I am glad that it is over and that the great wrench is 
 made. I am writing in my cabin. We sail early to- 
 morrow morning. Mamma has brought her maid, who 
 will do for PVances and herself. Father has his man. 
 Lucien begged so hard to come with me that father 
 consented. He is a very good lad, and I feel he is a sort 
 of link between me and the last seven years of mj- happy 
 life. I shut my eyes sometimes hoping when I open 
 them to find I am still in the Rue de I'Universite, and 
 that it has all been a horrible dream. The very smell of 
 the ship makes me feel ill. The cackling of the chickens 
 and the squealing of the pigs adds to the horrors I 
 know I will have to undergo. Lucien is now pea-green. 
 The weather very fine. Captain Rogers says we will 
 probably have fair winds and that we will make a quick 
 passage — I hope so. Frances has just come to me in 
 despair, her two canaries have been forgotten. We have 
 sent a man on shore to see if they can be found. Every- 
 thing is in such terrible confusion. A couple of the 
 King's couriers have just arrived with letters from his 
 Majesty, Monsieur and the Due d'Angouleme^ — a more 
 than gracious act. Canaries found, Frances delighted. 
 
 JUNE 26: NEW YORK 
 
 We arrived here yesterday after a fast passage. The 
 heat is intolerable. 
 
 243
 
 PART V 
 
 THE SPECIAL MISSION TO ENGLAND 
 JULY IS^S— OCTOBER 1827 
 
 JULY 4: NEW YORK 
 
 A horrible day here; the noise of the July 4 celebration 
 intolerable. I have to rub my eyes to see if I am awake, 
 that it is true I am not in the Rue de rUniversite. How 
 I regret it. Father is going alone to see the new house 
 in Western Virginia — also to Washington. I take mamma 
 and Frances to Baltimore to-morrow. We are stopping 
 right in the country at a nice old house which belongs 
 to the Montgomery family. But the difference in every- 
 thing; only about three private coaches in New York- 
 no means of getting about. The streets absolutely 
 filthy and the heat horrible. I have been nearly every 
 night for a long walk. No roads — no paths. I never 
 realized the absolutely unfinished state of the American 
 cities until I returned. The horrible chewing of tobacco — 
 the spitting; all too awful. We have had a charming 
 and hospitable reception, but all is so crude. 
 
 JULY 8 
 
 We are now in Baltimore. Not quite so dirty as New 
 York. We are with mamma's relations — the Nicholsons. 
 They are kindness itself, but I even see that mamma 
 feels the change most keenly. The young men of Balti- 
 more stare at me as if they thought I were a wild beast 
 let loose. Everybody knows everybody else, and all 
 
 244
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 
 
 call each other by their christian names. If I am offered 
 a post, no matter how humble, abroad, I will accept 
 it with joy. 
 
 JULY 12: BALTIMORE 
 
 The heat is something I did not ever realize. We go in a 
 few days to some place by the sea. Frances has lost all 
 her colour. Albert has written me the most distressing 
 letter. It seems he compromised himself with a farmer's 
 daughter. They threatened him with exposure and he 
 was weak enough to marry her on May 23, when we 
 were at sea. He is afraid to tell father and begs me 
 not to do so. The girl is living with her family. I do 
 not know what to do. Troubles do not come singly. 
 It seems this girl is without education. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 10 
 
 Back again in Baltimore and most thankful. A horrible 
 place on the Eastern shore of Maryland called Sennox, 
 a wooden shanty to live in, food not so bad but we have 
 to eat like pigs. When we arrived and saw what it 
 was going to be like we commenced to laugh and we could 
 not stop ourselves. The poor people thought we must 
 be lunatics. Father has gone to his beloved Western 
 Virginia alone. Albert is there. He is going to report 
 to us how the beautiful new residence is progressing. 
 They tell me Baltimore is very cheerful in the winter. It 
 does not look much like it now. Mr. Patterson, Madame 
 Bonaparte's father, has kindly invited us to dinner, 
 fortunately the weather is much cooler. General Reubel 
 and his wife have just called. They are living with 
 Monsieur Pascault who has the beautiful daughter. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 22 
 
 I have seen Miss Pascault; Madame Bonaparte was 
 right. I have never seen anything more lovely. As 
 Madame Reubel has invited me to call I will certainly 
 take advantage of her invitation. 
 
 245
 
 1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 SEPTEMBER 24 
 
 I went this afternoon to Monsieur Pascault's* house, it 
 is the oldest house in Baltimore. Most beautiful iron 
 gates that he had sent from France, an air of refinement 
 about the interior that I have never seen out of France. 
 I was received by Madame Reubel, who is very hand- 
 some. She has a daughter and two sons; the youngest, 
 Frederic, is the handsomest young man I have ever seen. 
 He must be about seventeen. Mile Pascault was charming. 
 I am without doubt in love with her. Her father has 
 lost most of his money, Madame Reubel begged me 
 to sup with them to-morrow evening; quite sans fagon. 
 She wishes to present me to her father — he is very old. 
 Madame Pascault never appears. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 26 
 
 I am quite off my head. Monsieur Pascault, who is the 
 Marquis de Poleon, is a gentleman of the old regime. 
 No wonder his daughter is so well bred. He received 
 me with the most wonderful courtesy — tapped a beautiful 
 gold snuff-box and offered it to me. The supper quite 
 simple but served on beautiful silver. Everything had 
 the air of the greatest refinement. I thought my- 
 self back in France again. I will speak to father to- 
 morrow and beg him to approach Monsieur Pascault — 
 with a view of my paying my addresses to his daughter. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 27 
 
 I have written to father, who is in New Geneva, telling 
 him that I wish, if she consents, to make Miss Pascault 
 my wife. Frances had a letter from him to-day which 
 is most amusing. He gives a description of the home. 
 The architect is some local man who never built a house 
 
 * Jean Charles Marie Louis Pascault, Marquis de Poleon. His father 
 married a Mile Dupuy — daughter of a naval surgeon. It was considered 
 a mesalliance, and he was given a large estate in St. Domingo. He died 
 in 1766. His son escaped with his family during the mas.sacre of St. 
 Domingo. As France was in such a disturbed state he sailed to Baltimore. 
 
 246
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 
 
 before. He had no idea of Grecian architecture but a 
 style of his own which is Hiberno-teutonic. The outside 
 is like a French barracks with port-hole windows, the 
 inside ornamentations like those of a Dutch tavern, so 
 that the French marble chimney-pieces, mirrors and 
 papers which he sent out are rather out of place. The 
 workmen are still there and live and board in what 
 Lucien calls "The Chateau." The approach to the house 
 is hidden by a log-cabin which is occupied by Monsieur, 
 Madame, Mile and the petits BoufTe family. Albert 
 has taken possession of the only parlour in the old brick 
 house. This young gentleman has four guns, a pointer, 
 three boats, two riding horses, and a pet colt smaller than 
 a jackass. His wardrobe is distributed about the parlour. 
 A billiard-table with Albert's old stockings for pockets. 
 "So, my dear daughter," he adds, "we will pass the 
 winter in Baltimore." This is a respite for us. I am 
 delighted, for this will give me an opportunity for pressing 
 my suit with Miss Pascault. I am anxiously awaiting 
 father's answer to my letter. I know it would be wise. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 29 
 
 I have again called at Mr. Pascault's, and was received 
 most kindly. I had some conversation with Mile 
 Josephine; she is so absolutely gentle and sweet, I am 
 certain I am not good enough for her. We dine at the 
 Pattersons' again to-morrow. Madame Bonaparte has 
 written to her father to be most civil to us. Madame 
 Reubel and Mile Pascault are to be of the guests. 
 
 OCTOBER 25 
 
 Father has returned, and called yesterday on Monsieur 
 Pascault. He gave his consent to my paying addresses 
 to his daughter. Father was so kind, he said her want 
 of fortune should not stand in the way. Alluding to his 
 first marriage he added, "She had nothing, but we loved 
 each other." Mamma has been left a nice little fortune, 
 
 247
 
 1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 so we are now well off. Mr. Pascault has another daughter 
 married to a Mr. O'Donnell, the son of a rich Indian nabob. 
 She was married when she was fifteen, and had a child 
 before she was sixteen. She is very beautiful like a full- 
 blown rose, but seems to have but little brain or education. 
 
 NOVEMBER 2 
 
 My suit is progressing. Josephine likes to hear about 
 
 France. She plays delightfully both the harp and the 
 
 spinet. I talk all sorts of nonsense which all lovers do. 
 
 It has cheered her up as her youth has not been very 
 
 cheerful. 
 
 DECEMBER 6 
 
 All is settled. Mile Pascault has consented to be my wife 
 and we are to be married early in the New Year. Mamma 
 and Frances are delighted with her. She is so gentle and 
 innocent. Mamma says she is like a beautiful lily. 
 She is beautiful, there is no doubt about that. Madame 
 Reubel rather astonished me by appearing the other day 
 in a bright red wig. It seems she has wigs of every 
 colour to go with her frocks. A Bonaparte fashion and 
 not certainly adopted by the ladies of the Restoration, 
 as I never saw such a thing in Paris. General Reubel 
 is horrible, has not a penny in the world, stops in bed 
 nearly all day, and lives on Monsieur Pascault's bounty. 
 Does not attempt to do any work. His daughter will be 
 very handsome. A brother of Monsieur Pascault's lives 
 in a lodge at the gate but nobody ever speaks to him — 
 the reason I do not know. 
 
 DECEMBER 24: CHRISTMAS EVE 
 
 Madame Pascault insisted on our coming to them. 
 They all dine with us to-morrow. We have a very 
 good house in Charles Street for the winter. Father 
 will be much in Washington. 
 
 248
 
 >».' 

 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1824 
 DECEMBER 31 
 
 To-night we all sup with Monsieur Pascault to see the 
 New Year in. It is father's first visit to the house. I 
 am anxious to see how he treats Reubel. 
 
 JANUARY 2, 1824 
 
 The entertainment at Monsieur Pascault's was of the 
 greatest elegance. Father was much pleased and I 
 noticed his astonishment at the fine plate, also the 
 quantities of family portraits, &c. &c. I fear there is 
 going to be delay with regard to our marriage. Jose- 
 phine is a Catholic, and that is one thing father is adamant 
 about. He will not allow (if we have any children) 
 that they should be brought up in that religion. 
 
 JANUARY 5 
 
 Father was forced by his party, but much against his 
 will, to accept the candidature for the Vice-Presidency. 
 Mr. Crawford's stroke of paralysis required another 
 candidate. All this is most annoying. Father does not 
 wish to enter into public life again. When he left America 
 seven years ago, I believe he vowed never to return. He 
 has given the best part of his life and all his energies to his 
 adopted country; no one knows better than himself that 
 he is disliked, but that they still want to pick his brains 
 and make use of him. He goes to Washington to-night. 
 
 FEBRUARY 18 
 
 I had hoped to be married this month, but still this ques- 
 tion of religion. The Archbishop of Baltimore declines 
 to marry us if there is a Protestant ceremony. 
 
 MARCH 18 
 
 At last all is settled. Monsieur Pascault is disgusted 
 with the behaviour of the Archbishop, and has written 
 to him to the effect that he will entirely dispense with 
 the services of the Church of Rome, that his daughter 
 
 249
 
 1824] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 will be married in the Protestant Church. He added 
 that a wife's first duty was to obey her husband. 
 
 MAY 5 
 
 We are back from our honeymoon and leave shortly 
 to join poor mamma at New Geneva. Father still in 
 Washington. The Archbishop has excommunicated 
 Monsieur Pascault. 
 
 MAY 10 
 
 The French Minister intimated to us that he has an 
 important package to deliver into one of our hands, or 
 accredited servants. As Lucien was returning here from 
 Washington, father sent him for it. Imagine my surprise 
 when I found it was addressed to me. It was from the 
 Due and Duchesse d'Angouleme — a most beautiful silver- 
 gilt vase with their arms on one side — a wedding present. 
 It was more than a surprise considering all they have 
 been through, on account of the King's death, to have 
 given me a thought. Josephine is delighted with it. 
 Monsieur Pascault was greatly overcome when he saw it. 
 I must consult father in what form to acknowledge it. 
 We go in a few days to try the new house at New Geneva. 
 It is all ready for our reception. In all events we will 
 pass the summer there. It is getting intolerably hot 
 here. 
 
 JUNE 8 
 
 We have been here for some time. The place itself is 
 delightful. The views superb. Air as pure as air can be, 
 but not a soul to speak to — not a neighbour, with the 
 exception of some totally uneducated farmers, their 
 wives and daughters. We are all here. Frances has a 
 pony. Josephine is not allowed to ride at present. 
 So I ride a huge farm-horse — who is as thin as a knife; 
 no roads, so we risk our lives every moment. Albert 
 sometimes rides in front of us, and when we are ap- 
 
 250
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1824 
 
 preaching a dangerous spot he blows a horn. I wish some 
 of my Paris intimes could see us — how amused they 
 would be. Mamma attends to all our personal comforts. 
 We have many too many servants. Frances has named 
 it "Castle Solitude." Our greatest friends are the 
 mosquitoes, who certainly keep us company. Father 
 reads all day as he is compiling some work. It is too 
 hot for him to go to Washington at present. Mr. Craw- 
 ford is no better. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 20 
 
 Josephine and myself return to Baltimore shortly. 
 Monsieur Pascault is very ailing and they seem worried 
 about him. Our home is empty, so I think Josephine 
 will not suffer too much from the heat. There is a 
 rumour about a mission to France. I dare not think of 
 it. When we leave, Frances says she will take to her bed. 
 It is awful for her. I am certain mamma will not stand 
 the winter here. Father will have to be in Washington 
 on account of the elections. 
 
 OCTOBER 15 
 
 Greatly to the relief of us all, greatly to the relief of 
 father himself, he has been able to withdraw from the 
 candidature of Vice-President. It really was nothing 
 more than a hope of his party that should Mr. Crawford 
 have been elected President his health would have 
 obliged him to withdraw, and father would have been 
 head of the State. Of course his birth disqualified 
 him for standing for the Presidency, and this was the 
 only means of putting him in that position. Now they 
 are worrying him again with offers of the Treasury, 
 but I am certain he will not accept any post of any kind 
 or description. I had always heard Carrol-town, the seat 
 of the Carrolls, spoken of with almost awe as to its mag- 
 nificence. Josephine told me it was nonsense. So to 
 see it we went. I really could not help laughing. 
 
 251
 
 1824] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Merely a square wooden house with a piazza all around it. 
 The interior most ordinary. It seems the original 
 Carroll, who called himself Carroll of Carrol-town, was 
 the natural child of somebody. This I fear is very much 
 the habit of the Americans of the Southern States — 
 vain boasting. They of course have large plantations 
 and slaves; but miserable houses, and live in the most 
 untidy manner. To my astonishment I hear there are 
 no schools in the Southern States and that all the children 
 of the better class have to be sent to the North to be 
 educated. Father has decided to remain with mamma, 
 Frances and Albert for the winter at New Geneva. Of 
 course I am. obliged to remain in Baltimore. 
 
 DECEMBER 1824 
 
 My father-in-law is very ill and we are all in close atten- 
 dance. Reubel found the air did not agree with him and 
 has betaken himself to New York, much to the relief 
 of all. Madame Reubel is a delightful woman and has 
 suffered much. To be here in Baltimore without money, 
 dependent on her friends, must be most galling to her, 
 having lived at Court all her life, and particularly at 
 the Court of Westphalia, where she was the first lady-in- 
 waiting on the Queen. She often describes to us the 
 splendours of the Palace at Cassel, which was built 
 by the Landgrave of Hesse in imitation of Versailles. 
 His son has it now and I believe the whole of his vast 
 fortune intact. When she was there and King Jerome 
 reigned, she says nothing could equal the extravagance 
 of living. She was not at all surprised at the West- 
 phalian troops being quite useless to Napoleon, as they 
 were never manoeuvred. All was a life of pleasure 
 there, from morning until night. We will have, I fear, 
 a sad Christmas. I am sorry for Josephine's sake. 
 
 DECEMBER 23 
 
 Monsieur Pascault has recovered wonderfully and insists 
 upon having a dinner of all the family on the 31st. He 
 
 252
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1825 
 
 says it will be his last year, and he wants to have them 
 all around him. I am sorry I will be away from my 
 father and mother, but my duty is by my wife. We 
 expect our child in the New Year. 
 
 FEBRUARY 7, 1825 
 
 My dear wife was safely delivered of a fine boy this morn- 
 ing. We are going to call him Albert. 
 
 APRIL 15 
 
 Monsieur de Lafayette has arrived and has been received 
 with the greatest enthusiasm. His progress is a triumphal 
 one. His cause is the emancipation of the Spanish 
 Colonies and of Greece. Both of which are. dear to the 
 hearts of Liberals of all nations. When in Paris father 
 received the thanks of the Greek Governor for his efforts 
 on their behalf. Now that I am on the subject it seems 
 so unfair that father was never allowed to accept an 
 order of any kind or to retain any of the superb presents 
 that were given to him — all of which are now in Wash- 
 ington. All that he did keep was a superb set of glass, 
 some eight hundred pieces, that the Emperor Alexander 
 gave him as a purely personal gift. 
 
 MAY 15 
 
 Father has just written to me that I must be present 
 at Uniontown to help him receive Lafayette, who is 
 going to stay a couple of nights with him at Friendship 
 Hill. So I am off to-morrow. Josephine is quite well 
 and so happy with her baby. I do not mind leaving her. 
 
 MAY 16 
 
 Detained until Thursday, as I have just received a list 
 of things which will be wanted by mamma for the 2oth: 
 it is a mile long. 
 
 MAY 27 
 
 The meeting at Uniontown and the reception of 
 Monsieur de Lafayette far surpassed anything I have 
 
 253
 
 1825] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 ever seen in this country. People came from miles 
 away and camped out, bringing their tents. Lafayette 
 is the nation's guest so was surrounded by a huge mounted 
 bodyguard. He spoke just after father had intro- 
 duced him. Father spoke after him and I really think 
 he must have been inspired. His French accent seemed 
 to leave him as he became excited. The subject was 
 the critical position of the Greeks. He must have in- 
 spired his audience, as I have never heard such an out- 
 burst of genuine enthusiasm and cheering; it lasted 
 quite half an hour. Monsieur de Lafayette embraced 
 him publicly. We returned to Friendship Hill and 
 quite a thousand sat down to supper in relays. Mamma 
 had arranged everything wonderfully, rows and rows of 
 tables in the garden. Hundreds of niggers all dressed 
 in white to serve. Yesterday we passed in comparative 
 quiet, but there were callers all day for Monsieur de 
 Lafayette. We had a quiet dinner which Monsieur de 
 Lafayette said reminded him of the Rue de I'Universite. 
 I do not think he was the only one who was reminded 
 of it. He left this morning as he has a prolonged tour 
 to make and a very short time to make it in. I go back 
 to-morrow to bring Josephine and my son here for the 
 summer. 
 
 JUNE 20: FRIENDSHIP HILL 
 
 We are all very happy here. The country is beautiful and 
 mamma certainly has the art of making everybody 
 comfortable. Josephine is delicate but loves the good 
 air here, particularly for our boy who is growing apace. 
 Father worships him at a distance. A few days since 
 I told father for the first time of Mr. Adams' letter to me 
 of February last. I had written privately to Mr. Adams 
 informing him of father's reasons for refusing the 
 Treasury under his administration. Father has always 
 been above suspicion and I may frankly say (although 
 he is my father) that he is the only one of either party 
 
 254
 
 DIARY OF JAjVIES GALLATIN [1826 
 
 who has not fallen into some error which has cast 
 suspicion on their motives. This Mr. Adams frankly 
 acknowledges in his letter to me. When I read this 
 paragraph I could see father's evident gratification 
 at the opinion held of him by a political opponent — and 
 that opponent the actual President of the United States, 
 We drifted into reminiscences of Paris. Father's heart 
 is there and in Geneva, but only stern duty keeps him 
 here. 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 Father at last acknowledges that he made a mistake in 
 building this house, and that we will never inhabit it 
 after this summer. He has commissioned me to find a 
 house in Baltimore for the winter as it is quite near 
 enough to Washington for him in case he is obliged to go 
 there. I was much gratified at receiving a beautiful 
 silver bowl from some of my friends in Paris for my son. 
 Albertine de Stael sent the most beautiful baby clothes. 
 The first clothes my boy wore were those of Napoleon. 
 The Queen of Westphalia gave them to INIadame Reubel 
 when her boy was born, and she gave them to Josephine. 
 He still wears the little dressing-gown that was made by 
 Madame Mere. 
 
 MAY 1826 
 
 I cannot realize what has happened. We are actually 
 going to England. Mr. Rufus King's (our Minister in 
 London) health has broken down. Most important 
 matters have to be negotiated. The President has 
 begged father to take his place. He has accepted but 
 on the condition that he goes on a special mission and 
 not as a resident Minister; that he is at liberty to return 
 in a year; that an ample sum is to be put at his disposal, 
 as he knows that outward show has a great effect on the 
 English people. This has all been agreed to privately. 
 These are the most important negotiations and can only 
 
 255
 
 1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 be placed in the hands of a very strong man. The 
 whole of the commercial questions to be finally settled. 
 The most important are the North-Eastern and North- 
 western Boundary questions. Also the Commercial 
 Convention which father negotiated in 1815 in London, 
 and again in 1818 to last ten years. 
 
 MAY 25 
 
 I am torn both ways. I know I could be of the greatest 
 use to father. It is impossible to take our child at his 
 age across the ocean, as the discomforts, particularly 
 where food is concerned, are so great. Josephine is 
 quite willing for me to go, in fact urges me to do so. I 
 will leave the matter entirely in father's hands. 
 
 JUNE 7 
 
 It is finally decided I am to accompany father, but only 
 for six months should I be wanted at home. For many 
 reasons this is thought to be for the best. As now 
 arranged we sail on July 1. I am doing all I can to pro- 
 vide for more comfort for the voyage. I often wonder 
 how father has stood so many of these disagreeable 
 crossings of the Atlantic. The horrible cramped feeling. 
 The misery of a gale when we can barely crawl about, 
 and the absolute horrors of a fog. We are to take a very 
 southerly course this time. Both father and mother are 
 very much annoyed. At the last moment an applica- 
 tion was made to father asking him to take a Miss Bates 
 to England. It seems she is to marry a Monsieur Van 
 der Weyer, a Belgian avocat. The latter made him- 
 self very useful to Prince Leopold, the husband of Prin- 
 cess Charlotte. None of us know or ever heard of the 
 Bates family; they are very rich and extremely vulgar. 
 Father could not refuse. 
 
 AUGUST: LONDON 
 
 We sailed on July 1, and arrived here a few days since. 
 We have a beautiful house in Seymour Street. 
 
 256
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1826 
 
 I have seen to the carriages and horses, all jobbed but 
 very fine. 
 
 AUGUST 20 
 
 The King received us last week and was most gracious. 
 But what a change since I last saw him. He is fat, 
 very red in the face and unwieldy. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 As nearly the entire Cabinet had left London, including 
 Mr. Canning, father thought it a good opportunity to 
 pay a visit to Paris. He particularly wished to consult 
 Pozzo di Borgo on several very important matters. 
 He finds that Bonapartism is nearly extinct. He found 
 Monsieur de Lafayette in a far more peaceful frame 
 of mind than when he paid his visit to America. He 
 spoke to him in the most forcible language of his love of 
 petty plotting. He seems now to realize that such 
 things are futile. His one wish now is to see the Due 
 d'Orleans on the throne as a constitutional Monarch. 
 I fear this is in the dim future. Lafayette is strongly 
 in favour of the Duke's disputing the legitimacy of 
 the Due de Bordeaux. We had an interview with 
 Monsieur de Vilelle, who seems much annoyed with 
 the President's message, particularly with regard to 
 Hayti. I do not think father gave him much satisfac- 
 tion. A funny incident I must record. When we 
 crossed to Boulogne mamma had to dress on board for a 
 reception at that port, which was being given to Monsieur 
 de Lafayette. On our arrival it was low tide and as is 
 the custom fishermen came out to the pacquet in shallow 
 water to carry us to the shore — fisherwomen for the 
 ladies. Mamma was mounted on the back of a fat 
 Boulognese. Not thinking the woman was going fast 
 enough she prodded her with her heels. The woman 
 lost her temper and dropped mamma in about a foot of 
 water. We could not help laughfng to see her sitting 
 
 257
 
 1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 up to her waist in water. She was in red velvet with a 
 huge turban covered with white feathers. The more we 
 laughed the more enraged she became. At last she was 
 rescued and carried, dripping, ashore. She had to be taken 
 at once to an inn and dried. She will never forgive us. 
 I find Paris delightful, but few of our friends here as all 
 are at their chateaux or by the sea. I visited all my old 
 haunts and have registered a vow that the moment I am 
 in a position to do so I will return here to live and die. 
 
 OCTOBER: LONDON 
 
 We have now returned here and are seriously at work, 
 and plenty of it.* 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to J. Q. ADAMS 
 
 London, Odoher 18, 1826 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I had intended next spring, before my return to 
 America, to have an excursion to Paris once more to see 
 some of my friends. Mr. Canning's absence and the 
 dispersion of the other members of the Cabinet having 
 left me literally without anything to do here, I em- 
 braced what was the most favourable opportunity of 
 making that journey, from which I have just returned. 
 My letter of yesterday to the Secretary of State contains 
 the substance of the information I was able to collect 
 there; and I w^ill now add some particulars which, as 
 they involve the names of individuals, I did not wish to 
 remain on record in the Department of State. 
 
 In the course of a long conversation with Pozzo di 
 Borgo the state of our relations with Great Britain was 
 alluded to. I told him that the Emperor's decision in 
 the case of slaves carried away and the convention 
 relative thereto had not been carried into effect by Great 
 Britain in conformity with what we considered their 
 
 * James Gallatin went to America in 1826 and returned to London in 
 March, 1827. 
 
 ^8 
 
 I
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1826' 
 
 real intention and meaning; that tiie British Govern- 
 ment had offered to compromise the matter by payment 
 of a sum of money which fell short of our expectations; 
 but that we were nevertheless inclined to accept it, 
 principally on account of the reluctance we felt to trouble 
 the Emperor by an appeal, asking from him further 
 explanation of his decision. Pozzo immediately ex- 
 pressed his wish that we might compromise or other- 
 wise adjust the matter without making such an appeal, 
 which, particularly at this time, would be, as-he thought, 
 extremely inconvenient to the Emperor; and speaking 
 of the Maine Boundary question, with which and its 
 possible consequences he appeared well acquainted, 
 he appeared also desirous, though he did not express 
 himself as positively as on that of slaves, that Russia 
 should not be selected as the umpire. I only observed 
 that if there was any inconvenience in being obliged 
 to make decisions which might not please both parties, 
 that inconvenience was less to Russia than to any other 
 Power, and that a compensation for it was found in the 
 additional degree of consideration accruing to the Monarch 
 in whom such confidence was placed. All this, however, 
 corroborates what I have stated in my official letter 
 respecting an approximation between Russia and Great 
 Britain, and the disposition of the Emperor to interfere 
 less than his predecessor in affairs in which he has no 
 immediate interest. 
 
 The most remarkable change discoverable to France 
 is the extinction of Bonapartism, both as relates to 
 dynasty and to the wish of a military Government. 
 This, I am happy to say, appears to have had a favour- 
 able effect on our friend Lafayette, who was very un- 
 governable in all that related to petty plots during my 
 residence at Paris as Minister, and to whom I had again 
 spoken on the same subject in the most forcible manner 
 whilst he was in America. Ilis opinions and feelings are 
 not changed; but he appears to be thoroughly satisfied 
 
 259
 
 1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 of the hopelessness of any attempt to produce a change 
 at present; and he confines his hopes to a vague expec- 
 tation that, after the death of the present King and 
 of the Dauphin, the Due d'Orleans will dispute the 
 legitimacy of the Duke of Bordeaux and become a 
 constitutional King. This is such a doubtful and distant 
 contingency as is not likely to involve Lafayette in any 
 difficulties. Mr. de Villele complained to me of those 
 expressions in the President's message which declared 
 Hayti to have placed herself in a state of vassalage to 
 France, as calculated to increase the dissatisfaction 
 amongst the people of the island at the late arrangement. 
 He said that he was aware of the objections of a very 
 different nature which we had to a recognition of the inde- 
 pendence of Hayti, but did not see the necessity of alleging 
 the reason alluded to. As I did not wush and did not 
 think it at all proper to enter into any discussion of the 
 subject, I answered, as if in jest, "Qu'un tribut, impose 
 a une colonie comme le prix de son independance, etait 
 contraire aux grands principes." I forgot to mention 
 the circumstance to Mr. Brown, and do not know whether 
 the thing had already been complained of to him. If so, 
 its being repeated to me — and they were almost the 
 first words Mr. de Villele addressed to me — shows that 
 it must have made a deep impression on the French 
 Government. This reminds me that I received here a 
 communication from a respectable quarter stating that, 
 a few days before the publication of the order in council 
 of July last, one of the King's Ministers had complained 
 to a confidential friend of the general tone of the American 
 (United States) diplomacy towards England, still more 
 so as respected manner than matter, and added that it 
 was time to show that this was felt and resented. As to 
 manner, the reproach cannot certainly attach either 
 to Mr. Rush's or Mr. King's correspondence; and I know, 
 from a conversation with Mr. Addington, that in that 
 respect Mr. Clay's has been quite acceptable. On looking 
 
 260
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1826 
 
 at your own communications, I am satisfied that those 
 to the British Ministers can have given no ofiPence what- 
 ever, and that what they allude to and which has offended 
 them is your instructions to Mr. Rush, printed by order 
 of the Senate, and which have been transmitted both to 
 Mr. Canning and to Mr. Huskisson; a circumstance, 
 by the by, not very favourable to negotiations still pend- 
 ing. That they have no right to complain of what you 
 wrote to our own Minister is obvious; still, I think the 
 fact to be so. 
 
 I forgot to mention in my letter of yesterday to the 
 Secretary of State that there is some alarm amongst 
 the legitimates about a plan of Metternich to change 
 the line of succession in Austria, or a plea of the pre- 
 sumed incapacity of the heir presumptive; and that the 
 King of the Netherlands has at last, by his unabated and 
 exclusive attention to business and by his perfect probity 
 and sincerity, so far conquered the prejudices of the 
 Belgians as to have become highly respected and almost 
 popular amongst them. 
 
 I have the honour, &c., 
 
 Albert Gallatin 
 NOVEMBER 14 
 
 Yesterday the Convention of 1818 was renewed and 
 signed; a meeting again to-morrow. Mr. King left 
 yesterday. Mr. Lawrence is expected to-day. 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 Father is anxious that the Emperor of Russia should 
 act as arbiter on the North-Eastern Boundary question, 
 but Prince Lieven thinks it will not be convenient for 
 him to do so. 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 Frances is enjoying herself amazingly and is I think a great 
 favourite. She is at present paying some visits in the 
 country with mamma. The ]\Iarchioncss of Stafford has 
 
 261
 
 1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 been most gracious. She has bidden us all to Trentham 
 in January. They say it is a most magnificent palace, 
 and that wonderful state is kept up. The Duke of 
 Devonshire, whom we knew in 1818, has been most atten- 
 tive. He is not married and never will. It seems he is 
 
 the son of the Duke : that at nearly the same time 
 
 the Duchess had a daughter, the Duke's mistress had a 
 son — as they were most anxious for an heir the babies 
 were changed. For a long time the deception was kept 
 up, but somebody in the end confessed. This Duke 
 was then in possession of the title; as he was so much 
 beloved it was agreed that he should retain all his honours 
 but that he was never to marry. 
 
 The Barings were most cordial in their greetings to 
 us. We dine with them on Christmas Day. At times I 
 feel very low in my mind and feel that after all I should 
 not have left my dear wife and child. I was torn both 
 ways. It seems to take such an unconscionable time to 
 receive any news from home. The King goes openly 
 everywhere with Lady Conyngham. Scandal says she is 
 getting all the money and property that she can for her 
 children, before the King dies. She wore the other night 
 at Princess Lieven's all the Crown Sapphires. They say 
 the King has given them to her. 
 
 DECE]VIBER 15 
 
 There is not much entertaining. The King is at Brighton. 
 I met Mr. Greville* the other night. He is Clerk of the 
 Council. I was amused to see him making notes of the 
 different things I told him. Rather a pedantic person. 
 Princess Lieven is the Ambassador: Prince Lieven is 
 absolutely a nonentity. Lord Goderich is always the 
 same delightful gentleman, it is a pleasure to meet him. 
 Lord Grey I suppose means to be civil, but his manners 
 are not what they should be. Mr. Canning is always 
 
 * Charles Greville, author of Journals of the reigns of George IV and 
 WilUam IV. 
 
 262
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1826 
 
 most gracious to father, who likes him very much but 
 does not think him a very strong man. Lady Wellesley 
 (Mrs. Robert Patterson*) has been in London. We dined 
 with her. Of course now she is a very great lady, and 
 does not forget it. She has asked me to come to Dublin 
 after Christmas. She says I will be much amused at 
 Dublin society and the Viceregal Court. I will certainly 
 go if there is not too much work here. There is that 
 horrible Irish Channel to be considered and the very long 
 journey. Mamma arrives to-morrow. We have to 
 entertain some Americans, there are a great many in 
 London at present. Father has declined to present 
 any at Court. He is not resident Minister only a special 
 Ambassador. 
 
 I ride every day as I fear I am getting fat; Mrs. Baring 
 has just told mamma that she has invited every available 
 member of the Baring family to her Christmas dinner. 
 We are to be the only outsiders. 
 
 DECEMBER 20 
 
 Looked in at White's. All intent on gambling. W^hile 
 I was there a sum of £8000 changed hands. Had some 
 supper; a thick fog, had to have a link man to show 
 me the way home. 
 
 DECEMBER 21 
 
 Dined at a large Diplomatic dinner at Prince Jules de 
 Polignac's at the French Embassy; all men — we sat 
 down thirty-six. I was delighted to meet Montmorency; 
 we had a good talk over our old days in Paris. He says 
 things are much changed now, and that the King is 
 much disliked. Our successors are not at all well re- 
 ceived and do not entertain at all. After dinner, Mont- 
 
 * Mrs. Robert Patterson, widow of Robert Patterson, who was a 
 brother of Madame Bonaparte Patterson, married, some years after the 
 death of her husband, the Marquis of Wellesley, Lord Lieutenant of 
 Ireland, elder brother of the Duke of Wellington.
 
 1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 morency and I went for a short time to White's and had 
 supper late. London unutterably dull. Mamma is 
 very happy as she has a perfect riot of churches to go to. 
 It will be gayer after Christmas, but only among the 
 Corps Diplomatique. We are booked for several visits. 
 I was delighted with a long letter from my dear wife. 
 All are well and seem very happy. Father will have 
 to have some sort of reception for the Americans in the 
 New Year. We really make quite a show. We are 
 using all our old French State liveries — which are per- 
 fectly fresh. 
 
 DECEMBER 26 
 
 We had a delightful Christmas with the Barings, who 
 are hospitality itself. There are Barings of all shapes and 
 colours, all sizes — tall ones, short ones, lean ones, fat 
 ones, but all are so nice and cheerful; they seem indeed 
 a united family. We played all sorts of silly games 
 and became children again. I could not keep my thoughts 
 from home. Mr. Baring would drink my wife and boy's 
 health, this nearly broke me up. 
 We have a big reception of Americans on January 2. 
 
 DECEMBER 29 
 
 Driving home late last night near the top of Park Lane, 
 we heard cries for help. I jumped down and found a 
 hackney-coach which had been stopped by footpads. 
 Two lonely females were in it. They had stunned the 
 jarvey. I at once escorted them to our coach and we 
 drove them home. They lived quite close to us. A 
 Lady Lucy and her daughter. We had just come upon 
 them in the nick of time and had disturbed the robbers. 
 We never go out at night without at least two footmen 
 and generally father's chasseur as well. It is extra- 
 ordinary how unsafe London is at night, and in the very 
 best quarters. 
 
 264
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 
 
 DECEMBER 30 
 
 Rumours of a change in the Cabinet, but nothing definite. 
 The King comes to Buckingham House in a few days. 
 There is a report that Lord Liverpool is ill — not con- 
 firmed. . . . 
 
 JANUARY 3, 1827 
 
 The "rout" for all of our compatriots last night was as 
 successful as any "rout" can be; to be several hours 
 sitting in a coach before arriving at the door of one's 
 destination; then to crawl up about three or four steps 
 every half-hour; to be stifled and toes trodden upon; 
 to make a bow to your hosts; to edge one's way through 
 the crowd; to drink hot champagne and secure an ice 
 down one's back. Then to start one's journey back 
 again. If this spells pleasure, then a "rout" is pleasant. 
 We indeed take our pleasures oddly. 
 "Crockford's," the magnificent new gambling-hell in St. 
 James's Street, was opened yesterday. Pozzo di Borgo, 
 Prince Esterhazy, the Duke of Wellington, Talleyrand, 
 &c. &c., all belong to it. Pozzo took me under his wing. 
 It was very fine. Supper lavish. It is to be the fashion- 
 able gambling resort of the aristocracy. 
 
 JANUARY 6 
 
 The Duke of York died yesterday quietly seated in an 
 arm-chair. This of course puts the Court into deep 
 mourning. They say he never recovered from the 
 shock of the Duchess of Rutland's death— his mistress. 
 She induced him to build that huge palace in the Mall 
 called York House. He incurred huge debts. I only 
 saw him once or twice in 1818. lie was a great contrast 
 to the then Prince Regent — coarse and very loud in 
 his manners; a viveur in every sense of the word. He 
 had the reputation of being a most loyal friend, and never 
 forsook anybody who was in trouble. Peace to his 
 
 265
 
 1827] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 ashes ! I will have to go to the funeral as father's health 
 does not permit him to attend such ceremonies. 
 
 JANUARY 20 
 
 We have had some difficulty with our coachman. He 
 committed an assault outside the Embassy but took 
 refuge when they were about to arrest him in the Embassy. 
 Of course no officers of the law can enter an Embassy. 
 Father was informed of the matter. He inquired into 
 the facts of the case and absolutely refused to give the 
 man up. It has caused a good deal of correspondence 
 and the matter is not yet closed. 
 
 Our visit to Trentham was a great success. It is a 
 palace indeed, and such magnificence I have never seen 
 outside a royal residence, either here, in France, or 
 in Russia. Lady Stafford received us in her usual 
 dignified and gracious manner. She has always liked 
 father, I believe, because IMadame de Stael was so fond 
 of him, and she had a cult for her. My room 
 was quite beautiful, looking out on a fine sheet 
 of water. In summer it must be perfectly beautiful. 
 Then it stands empty as all the family come up to Lon- 
 don. The reception rooms, state rooms, &c. &c., 
 beggar description, full of superb works of art. We 
 were sixty guests, a large portion of the Corps Diploma- 
 tique and Mr. Canning. Great ceremony for dinner, 
 but the rest of the day we were allowed to do exactly 
 as we chose. Horses to ride, coaches of all sorts at 
 our disposal. Dancing and music in the evening. I 
 thoroughly enjoyed it. So did Frances. 
 
 JANUARY 25 
 
 We are going on apace with the negotiations for the 
 absolutely final settlement of the Commercial Treaty. 
 Of course delays are inevitable in so important a matter. 
 Lord Liverpool has seemed very odd in his manner 
 lately as if he were half dazed. Walked in the Mall 
 
 266
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 
 
 this morning with Frances, the inevitable footman fol- 
 lowing us. Lord Cassillis called to-day with his charm- 
 ing wife; she was a daughter of Mr. and Lady Mary Watts. 
 Lady Mary was brought up in America as she and her 
 sister, Lady Cathrine Duer, were the daughters of Lord 
 Stirling. Mamma had known them well. 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 There is a Cabinet crisis which has kept everything 
 at a standstill — very annoying. We dined with the 
 Duke of Devonshire yesterday, at his house in Piccadilly. 
 He is a most gracious host. Snappy Charles Greville, 
 always asking questions and taking notes, was there. 
 A book called "Vivian Grey," published by Colburn 
 and immensely puffed, appeared last year. There were 
 many surmises as to who the author was. Great 
 names were mentioned and there was much speculation 
 on the matter. It now turns out to be by a quite 
 unknown youth called Disraeli, a Jew. Greville had the 
 audacity to say that he knew who the author was from 
 the first. Father thought well of the book. Lady 
 Conyngham appears in the depth of mourning for the 
 Duke of York. This causes much amusement. I do not 
 think we will remain here much longer. I am most 
 anxious to return home. 
 
 Father is really despondent, everything goes at a snail's 
 pace. Mr. Adams after promising him an absolutely 
 free hand is evidently irritated by Mr. Clay's continual 
 interference and also influenced by him. Father looks 
 upon Mr. Clay as simply an obstinate firebrand who is 
 not capable of grasping or dealing with a subject without 
 prejudice. The present negotiations are of a most delicate 
 nature and have to be treated as such. Here it seems 
 the custom for statesmen to conceal the truth. In 
 France they do not pretend to tell the truth. The 
 President has written a private letter to father begging 
 him to remain in England. It is flattering to his vanity, 
 
 267
 
 1827] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 but he has none. lie is determined after this mission 
 is fulfilled to give up political life altogether. 
 
 FEBRUARY 28 
 
 Lord Liverpool had a stroke on the 17th, and died yester- 
 day. Father does not think this will make any difference. 
 He hopes that Mr. Canning will not be Prime Minister. 
 It will be some time before anything definite is decided. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 We seem to be slowly creeping toward the end. Patience 
 is the only thing and we want a sack full of it. Supped 
 at Crockford's last night. Talleyrand w'as opposite to me 
 and looked more like an ape than ever. The absolute 
 silence of the gambling-rooms is extraordinary. I cannot 
 realize the passion for gambling. I suppose it is a disease, 
 like everything else. Father has little dinners of his 
 beloved cronies, Humboldt, Pozzo di Borgo, Baring, &c. 
 I really enjoy their delightful conversation — their 
 contempt for the world amuses me. 
 
 MARCH 
 
 The weather, which has been dreadful, is a little better. 
 No entertaining to speak of. Desperately dull. I am 
 glad I have plenty of work to do. Mr. Lawrence seems 
 very capable and father is much pleased with him. 
 
 APRIL 10 
 
 Mr. Canning is now Prime Minister. It seems to have 
 put him into a good temper and he is far more gracious, 
 although his temper at times is very trying. Father, 
 much to his disgust, has been summoned by the King 
 to Brighton — I go with him. 
 
 APRIL 15 
 
 We only stopped one night at Brighton. Rooms had been 
 prepared for us at a house close to the Pavilion, which 
 
 268
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 
 
 the King keeps for his guests. We were received by 
 his Majesty, who was lying on a divan — he could hardly 
 hold himself up. Lady Conyngham was present at 
 first, but at a nod from the King, retired. She looks 
 as if she had something of a temper. The King spoke 
 on several political subjects, and for a wonder with great 
 lucidity. He said suddenly, "Canning is a damned 
 old woman." We were bid to sup with the Royal circle. 
 I could see that father could hardly dissemble his disgust. 
 The conversation was boisterous and indecent. Cards 
 after supper, and on a plea of being very fatigued father 
 begged leave to retire. He and I went for a walk by the 
 sea. The only remark he made was, "And that is a 
 King." We left in the morning without seeing His 
 Majesty. 
 
 APRIL 24 
 
 Mr. Canning's temper has become most uncertain. At 
 dinner last night father was sitting next to Baron Hum- 
 boldt; after dinner, Mr. Canning came up to father and 
 said, "The opinion universally entertained abroad and 
 generally in England is that the Government is an aris- 
 tocracy — it is not, it is a monarchy." Both father and 
 Baron Humboldt were much surprised at this extra- 
 ordinary outburst. They could not explain it. Some 
 of the gentlemen sitting near, too, heard this remark 
 and seemed much astonished. Later on the Duke of 
 Wellington had a chair brought and placed between 
 father and Humboldt. He made himself most agreeable, 
 but seemed worried about something. He suddenly 
 said, "Do you find anything odd in Mr. Canning's 
 manner?" 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to HENRY CLAY 
 
 London, April 28, 1827 
 . . . At the dinner of the 23rd, ]\Ir. Canning came near 
 Baron Humboldt and me and told us, "You see that 
 
 269
 
 1827] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 the opinion universally entertained abroad, and very 
 generally indeed in England, that this Government is 
 an aristocracy, is not true. It is," said he emphatically, 
 "a monarchy. The Whigs had found it out in 1784, 
 when they tried to oppose the King's prerogative of 
 choosing his Prime Minister. The Tories have now re- 
 peated the same experiment, and with no greater success." 
 He appears certainly very confident, and speaks of any 
 intended opposition in Parliament as if he had no fear 
 of it. As all the leading newspapers are in his favour, 
 I enclose the only pamphlet of note that has appeared 
 on the other side. 
 
 An infusion of Whiggism in the Ministry, by the 
 accession of such a man as the Marquis of Lansdowne, 
 might perhaps, after a while, have produced some favour- 
 able change in the policy of the Administration towards 
 the United States. For the present, none can be ex- 
 pected. I do not believe that there is a single question 
 between us in which the Ministers will not be supported 
 by the public opinion of the country in taking rank 
 ground against us. Our dependence for friendly arrange- 
 ments rests solely on the superior sense of the Ministers. 
 Unfortunately Mr. Huskisson * is less favourably disposed 
 towards the United States, principally on the commercial 
 subjects, than towards any other country. And, having 
 to meet in other respects a formidable opposition to his 
 plans, he may be disposed to regain some popularity 
 with the shipping interest to pursuing with the United 
 States measures inconsistent with his avowed general 
 principles on that subject. If there is any reaction 
 as relates to us, it must come from the West Indies, and 
 perhaps, at last, from the manufacturing interests. 
 
 I have been compelled to remain perfectly quiet for 
 the last months; but now that a temporary Adminis- 
 tration is formed, which will last at least as long as this 
 
 * William Huskisson, Colonial Secretary 1827, responsible for the 
 repeal of the Navigation laws. 
 
 270
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 
 
 session of Parliament, I will ascertain in the course of 
 next week whether it is intended that our negotiations 
 should be resumed. Mr. Canning, on the 23rd, again 
 expressed great regret that they should have been so 
 long interrupted, and intimated his intention of having, 
 within a few days, a special conversation with me. 
 I have the honour, and &c., 
 
 Albert Gallatin 
 MAY 
 
 People are returning to London, and it promises to be a 
 very gay season. Already we have several invitations, 
 but we are here for too short a time to make really any 
 friends. The Court returns to Buckingham House in 
 June, but there will not be any Court entertainments, 
 which is a relief. London is looking her best now; 
 the Park is gay with flowers. I ride out to Kew and Rich- 
 mond in the early morning — before anybody is stirring. 
 Lady Kensington has been most kind to mamma and 
 Frances. Miss Edwards and the latter are inseparable. 
 I go sometimes to Holland House, which is very beautiful. 
 
 JUNE 
 
 Took Frances to Kew Gardens this afternoon. Flowers 
 and plants beautiful. Dinner at the French Embassy. 
 Glad to see some of my old Paris friends. Mr. Canning 
 more and more odd in his manner. Lord Goderich 
 had a long interview with father this morning. 
 
 JUNE 4 
 
 Took Frances to Eton for the 4th of June. A fine com- 
 pany, a very charming sight. The procession of boats 
 delightful and very English. We are stopping at the 
 White Hart Inn, directly opposite the Castle. Lady 
 Kensington, her son and daughter, are of our party. 
 
 JUNE 10 
 
 Matters are going on very well, and father has great 
 hopes of a speedy settlement. A splendid banquet 
 
 271
 
 18271 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 at the Duke of Wellington's last night. A wonderful 
 display of gold plate. A rout at Lady Lansdowne's. 
 It took me exactly one hour to get from the top to the 
 bottom of the stairs. I was wedged between Charles 
 Greville and an immensely fat Dowager. We all three 
 moved step by step together — and this is called pleasure. 
 Dinner at Devonshire House to-night. The Court is at 
 Buckingham House, but no entertaining. 
 
 JUNE 15 
 
 Frances has just come in from a walk in the Mall. She 
 made us guess whom she met — fat Miss Bates whom we 
 brought from America with us. The King was in a 
 wheeled chair; Lady Conyngham walking along side of 
 him. The weather intolerably hot. Good news from 
 home. All are well. Plenty of work for me to-night. 
 
 JULY 
 
 Work, work, work, nothing but work, copying dispatches, 
 preparing drafts of treaty, only to be torn up and new 
 ones made. Weather intolerably hot. I will be glad 
 when all is signed and sealed and we can have a little 
 breathing time. Mamma and Frances in their element 
 as they are dining out every night, and routs and balls 
 following. Mrs. Baring is most assiduous in her atten- 
 tions and insists on chaperoning Frances when mamma 
 is tired. 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 Bad rumours of Mr. Canning's health; some say he 
 
 cannot possibly live. 
 
 AUGUST 10 
 
 Mr. Canning died on the 8th. Lord Goderich, much to 
 father's delight, is Prime Minister. All will now be 
 plain sailing. When this treaty is signed it will be a 
 final and we hope a lasting one. Certainly nothing 
 
 272
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 
 
 has been left to chance, every detail has been discussed, 
 assuring peace for years to come. 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to HENRY CLAY 
 
 London, August 14, 1827 
 Sir, 
 
 It is now understood that the new Administration of 
 this country is to be but a continuation of that of Mr. Can- 
 ning, to act on the same principles, and no new appoint- 
 ments to be made but those that are strictly necessary. 
 
 Lord Goderich is First Lord of the Treasury. Lord 
 Harrowby, President of the Council, retires from office, 
 principally on account of a domestic aflfliction. Marquis 
 Lansdowne, Lord Dudley, and the other Ministers, 
 with the exception perhaps of Mr. Huskisson, remain in 
 their respective offices. The Duke of Wellington may 
 resume his place of Commander-in-Chief, but without a 
 seat in the Cabinet, which he could not with propriety 
 have accepted, since his fellow-seceders were excluded. 
 Mr. Peel, and this is the greatest loss to the Administra- 
 tion, cannot at this time come in, having so lately com- 
 mitted himself by his solemn declaration that his reason 
 for resigning was that he could not make part of an 
 Administration at the head of which was a friend to 
 Catholic emancipation. 
 
 The places to be filled are: (1) the President of the 
 Council; and I have not heard who is intended, perhaps 
 the Duke of Portland; (2) Colonial Department, vacant 
 by Lord Goderich's promotion; (3) Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer, an office which as a peer he cannot fill. It is 
 probable that the option of these two places will be given 
 to Mr. Huskisson, now on the Continent, where he was 
 to remain three months, but whom the late event will 
 probably bring back. The last place is that for which 
 he is best qualified, and to which he is called by public 
 opinion — but his precarious health will probably induce 
 him to take the Colonial Department, as less laborious 
 
 273
 
 1827] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 and, above all, as requiring less public speaking. In 
 that case Mr, Herries, the principal Under-Secretary 
 of the Treasury, and a capable man, but without political 
 influence, will probably be the Chancellor, though Lord 
 Palmerston is also spoken of; and Mr. Grant, now 
 Vice-President, will naturally become President of the 
 Board of Trade. 
 
 The great difficulty is who shall succeed Mr. Canning 
 as leader of the House of Commons. Mr. Peel, who 
 would have more of their confidence than any other man, 
 is out of the question; and all that can be hoped is that, 
 agreeing on almost every subject but that of the Catholic 
 emancipation with the members of the Cabinet, he 
 will not become the leader of an opposition. Without 
 him there hardly can be one in the House of Commons; 
 and the return of the Duke of Wellington to the command 
 of the Army would go far to paralyse that in the House 
 of Lords, whilst it would add to the weight of the 
 Administration abroad. Mr. Brougham is undoubtedly 
 the first man in the House of Commons, superior to Mr. 
 Canning in force and logic, at least equal in sarcastic 
 powers, far more consistent in his political opinions; 
 but these are much too rank for the House, and, perhaps 
 for the nation. Not even a moderate Whig would do 
 for the present, and INIr. Brougham is, besides too harsh, 
 better calculated to drive than to lead. Mr. Huskisson 
 is, therefore, the only man; and he is accordingly looked 
 on and intended as the Ministerial leader in the House. 
 
 This place, for it is one united to the superiority of 
 his talents and energy over his colleagues, would make 
 him in reality almost Prime Minister, if he was not 
 rather a sensible than an eloquent speaker, and if 
 it was not that he must govern through at least two of 
 his associates — Lord Goderich, who besides all the patron- 
 age of his office, must be considered as the head of the 
 moderate Tory Party, and Marquis Lansdowne, who is 
 the head of almost the whole Whig Party; both also 
 greatly and justly respected, and men of sound judg- 
 
 274
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 
 
 ment and solid, if not showy, talents. Power will be 
 more divided than under Mr. Canning. I think that the 
 influence of INIarquis Lansdowne would be greater if 
 he could be transferred to the Foreign Office. As matters 
 now stand, the great political questions will be decided 
 by the Cabinet. Mr. Huskisson will have more weight 
 in those affecting the finances of the country; he will 
 direct almost exclusively (with the exception of the corn 
 question) the commercial regulations, whether interior 
 or in their connexion with foreign relations. 
 
 There will, therefore, be no change in the policy of 
 Great Britain towards us. The question of Colonial inter- 
 course was decided almost entirely by Mr. Huskisson's 
 influence. He adheres to that decision, and immediately 
 before leaving the country again committed himself in 
 that respect by positive assurance to merchants interested 
 in the subject. All the difficulties in renewing the com- 
 mercial convention, and the determination not to renew 
 it unless it might be rescinded at will, also originated 
 with him. He has an undue and not very liberal jealousy 
 of the increasing navigation of the United States. In 
 other respects he cannot be said to be hostile to them; 
 and he would wish that causes of actual rupture might 
 be removed. I have reason to believe that he would be 
 in favour of a satisfactory arrangement on the subject 
 of impressment. 
 
 His views in regard of the country west of the Rocky 
 Mountains are, on the whole, temperate, and the diffi- 
 culties on the subject of the North-East Boundary cannot 
 be ascribed to him. Whether his reign will last is ex- 
 tremely doubtful, his general health is precarious, and 
 he has an organic affection of the throat, so serious 
 that he never made a long speech during the last session 
 of Parliament without experiencing a relapse. 
 
 The present Administration will, at all events, last till 
 after the next meeting of Parliament in January, and 
 will probably become permanent if not disturbed by 
 untoward events. The critical situation of aft'airs in 
 
 275
 
 1842] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 Portugal is at this moment the principal cause of 
 embarrassment. 
 
 I have the honour to be respectfully, sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 Albert Gallatin 
 AUGUST 16 
 
 A treaty was signed to-day which continues the Com- 
 mercial Convention of 1815 indefinitely. All is now 
 entirely satisfactorily settled and we return at once to 
 America. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 London empty. We have to go to Brighton to take formal 
 leave of his Majesty. We sail on October 9. All 
 left now for us to do is to settle our domestic affairs. 
 Mamma and Frances are paying some farewell visits in 
 the country. Father is serenely content and believes 
 there will be peace for many years between Great Britain 
 and the United States. 
 
 OCTOBER 9: LIVERPOOL 
 
 We embark to-morrow morning. The weather very bad. 
 It is a bad season of the year but we must take our chance. 
 Mr. Lawrence and Mr. Baring have accompanied us 
 here — most kind of the latter. I leave with some regret, 
 but long to see my dear wife and child. Now for a new 
 life in the New World. 
 
 The folloiving letter from Lord Ashburton to Albert Gallalin, seven years 
 before the letter's death, is of interest as shoxoing at once the friendly feel- 
 ing between America and England which was the fruit of his labours, and 
 also the great esteem in which he himself was held. 
 
 LORD ASHBURTON to ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 Washington, April 12, 1842 
 Dear Mr. Gallatin, 
 
 My first destination was to approach America 
 through New York, but the winds decided otherwise, 
 
 276
 
 DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1842 
 
 and I was landed at Annapolis. In one respect only this 
 was a disappointment, and a serious one. I should have 
 much wished to seek you out in your retreat to renew 
 an old and highly valued acquaintance, and I believe 
 and hope I may add, friendship; to talk over with you 
 the Old and New World, their follies and their wisdom, 
 their present and bygone actors, all of which nobody 
 understands so well as you do, and, what is more rare, 
 nobody that has crossed my passage in life has appeared 
 to me to judge with the same candid impartiality. This 
 pleasure of meeting you is, I trust, only deferred. I shall, 
 if I live to accomplish my work here, certainly not 
 leave the country without an attempt to find you out 
 and to draw a little wisdom from the best well, though 
 it may be too late for my use in the work I have in hand 
 and very much at heart. 
 
 You will probably be surprised at my undertaking 
 this task at my period of life, and when I am left to my 
 own thoughts I am sometimes surprised myself at my 
 rashness. People here stare when I tell them that I 
 listened to the debates in Congress on Mr. Jay's treaty 
 in 1795, and seem to think that some antediluvian has 
 come amongst them out of his grave. The truth is that 
 I was tempted by my great anxiety in the cause, and 
 the extreme peace between our countries. The latter 
 circumstance induced my political friends to press this 
 appointment upon me, and with much hesitation, founded 
 solely upon my health and age, I yielded. In short, here 
 I am. My reception has been everything I could expect 
 or wish; but your experience will tell you that little can 
 be inferred from this until real business is entered upon. 
 I can only say that it shall not be my fault if we do not 
 continue to live on better terms than we have lately done, 
 and, if I do not understand the present very anomalous 
 state of parties here, or misinterpret public opinion 
 generally, there appears to be no class of politicians 
 of any respectable character indisposed to peace with us 
 
 sevy
 
 1842] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
 
 on reasonable terms. I expect and desire to obtain no 
 other, and my present character of a diplomatist is so 
 new to me that I know no other course but candour and 
 plain dealing. The most inexpert protocolist would beat 
 me hollow at such work. I rely on your good wishes, 
 my dear sir, though I have nothing else, and that you 
 will believe me unfeignedly yours, 
 
 ASHBURTON 
 
 ms
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 Correspondence between Albert Gallatin and Alexander 
 Baring; showing the state of feeling in England towards 
 America and the possibilities of the success of the mission. 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to MESSRS. BARING BROS. & CO. 
 
 GoTTENBURG, June 22, 1813 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 The President of the United States having ac- 
 cepted on the part of the said States the mediation offered 
 by the Emperor of Russia, Mr. Bayard and myself have 
 been appointed, jointly with Mr. Adams, Ministers, 
 with full powers to treat of peace with such Ministers as 
 may be appointed on the part of Great Britain. We 
 left the United States in the public ship Neptune, Captain 
 Lloyd Jones, on May 11, arrived here on the 20th 
 instant, and intend to proceed this evening in the ship 
 on our way to St. Petersburg. 
 
 We are authorized to draw on you for our salaries 
 and for the contingent expenses of the mission, and, 
 in order to assist us with the best mode of negotiating 
 bills, will thank you to let us know at St. Petersburg 
 the course of exchange between London and Amsterdam. 
 
 We will also be obliged to you to have the account and 
 date of our arrival in Lloyd's list and some other paper, 
 as it may give to our friends in America the earliest 
 account of our safe arrival. 
 
 Of the fact that we are appointed to treat and on our 
 way to St. Petersburg for that purpose, as stated in the 
 
 279
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 first paragraph of this letter, I should wish your Govern- 
 ment to be informed. And we will be thankful for any 
 intelligence connected with our mission which you may 
 deem important and which you may feel at liberty to 
 communicate. We sailed with a passport from Admiral 
 Warren; and whatever may be the result of this mission, 
 we feel anxious to return speedily and safely to America. 
 We will detain the Neptune at St. Petersburg for that 
 purpose, and may want a passport from your Govern- 
 ment for her return with ourselves and suite on board. 
 It is presumable that this will be obtained without 
 difficulty. And will thank you to make the inquiry, 
 and to cause, if necessary, such passport to be forwarded 
 to us at St. Petersburg. 
 
 Albert Gallatin 
 
 ALEXANDER BARING to ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 London, July 22, 1813 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 The letter with which you honoured my house 
 from Gottenburg has remained for a few days unanswered, 
 for the purpose of obtaining the information necessary 
 to enable me to make a satisfactory reply. 
 
 For the money you may require you will please to direct 
 drafts upon us or on Amsterdam in any manner you may 
 think expedient. Messrs. Meyer and Bruxner, bankers 
 at St. Petersburg, by whom this letter will be conveyed 
 to you, have our directions to obey any orders you may 
 give them on this subject, presuming that you will prefer 
 not to let your own drafts go into public circulation. 
 Our present exchange with Holland is about 79 the 
 pound sterling, which will enable you to calculate what 
 mode of reimbursement will best answer your purpose. 
 
 I have taken care to make in the proper quarter the 
 communications you desire, and, as you express a wish 
 to be informed of any occurrences here, relating to your 
 mission, some observations may perhaps be acceptable 
 
 280
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 on the dispositions of Government and of the public 
 concerning it, upon which I have good reason to assure you 
 that you may perfectly rely. 
 
 I anticipated the most favourable result from the 
 names which constituted the new commission, and felt 
 confident that we should soon see an end of this senseless 
 war. I was quite sure you would not leave your home 
 without the powers and the disposition to do your country 
 this essential service, and although the place fixed upon 
 for the negotiation, and the manner in which it was 
 proposed to conduct it, considerably abated the confidence 
 of the public, I never entertained those doubts of the 
 sincerity of America with which those circumstances 
 inspired others. 
 
 The mediation of Russia was offered, not sought — it 
 was fairly and frankly accepted. I do not see how 
 America could with any consistency refuse it; but to 
 the eyes of a European politician it was clear that such 
 an interference could produce no practical benefit. The 
 only question now seriously at issue between us is one 
 purely of a domestic nature in each country respectively; 
 no foreign Government can fairly judge it. A question 
 of the relative rights and duties of Sovereign and subject 
 between two great countries, where, owing to their 
 recent separation, a distinction between the great masses 
 of their seafaring population becomes almost impossible, 
 can only exist between Great Britain and America; no 
 other country can judge of the various positions of great 
 delicacy and importance to which such a state of things 
 must give rise; and even where the best understanding 
 prevails between European courts, there are shades of 
 difference and sometimes feelings of various sorts which 
 must prevent any cordial mediation on such points. 
 On the other hand, what a handle does such a subject 
 offer for fomenting discord on points totally foreign 
 from it ! We have lately seen a threat of dragging 
 American politics into a German congress, among Powers 
 
 281
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 neither understanding nor caring for any of its interest, 
 but merely to enable them to wrangle the more dexter- 
 ously about their own. 
 
 This is not the way for Great Britain and America really 
 to settle their disputes; intelligent persons of the two 
 countries might devise mutual securities and concessions 
 which perhaps neither country would offer in the presence 
 of a third party. It is a sort of family quarrel, where 
 foreign interferences can only do harm and irritate at any 
 time, but more especially in the present state of Europe, 
 when attempts would be made to make a tool of America 
 in a manner which I am sure neither you nor your 
 colleagues would sanction. 
 
 These, I have good reason to know, are pretty nearly the 
 sentiments of Government here on the question of place 
 of negotiation and foreign mediation, and before this 
 reaches you you will have been informed that this media- 
 tion has been refused, with expressions of our desire to 
 treat separately and directly here, or, if more agreeable 
 to you, at Gottenburg. 
 
 I believe you may rely upon it that from this resolution 
 we shall not here depart, not only from the sense of the 
 objections I have already stated to a mediating negotia- 
 tion, but that your persevering in such a course will be 
 considered here as the touchstone of your sincerity. Al- 
 though I trust our Government does not participate in 
 the prevailing opinion here that a secret political con- 
 nexion exists with France, yet your persevering in bringing 
 this insulated question before the Powers of the Continent 
 would favour those suspicions, and induce Ministers 
 to believe that your only object was to assist France in 
 the sort of mystification and confusion in which it often 
 suits her purpose to envolve her diplomatic negotiations. 
 
 I trust that these considerations, duly weighed, will 
 satisfy you that no inference is to be drawn from our 
 refusal of the Russian mediation unfavourable to our dis- 
 position for peace, and that if we wish to remove the seat of 
 
 282
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 the negotiation it is in reality for the purpose of coming 
 at that result with more certainty. This city has, I 
 understand, been proposed to you, and Gottenburg 
 offered as an alternative in case you do not choose to 
 trust yourselves so near to us. 
 
 My hopes of a favourable result would be much in- 
 creased by your coming at once in contact with our 
 Ministers. The advantages in all cases of treating this 
 principle are obvious, but the peculiar character of the 
 point in dispute gives them greater weight. You would 
 find any Minister of this country very cautious in giving 
 instructions to any plenipotentiary to treat on a subject 
 of so much delicacy as the rights and duties of Sovereign 
 and subject. Those instructions must remain recorded 
 in his office, and may be called for by Parliament. Con- 
 cessions might be made, securities and substitutes de- 
 vised, and difiiculties overcome in a direct negotiation 
 which I should almost despair of if it were to be carried 
 on at a distance; and I am quite sure that the mass 
 of intelligence which your commission affords on the 
 relative policy of Great Britain and America is more 
 than a match for all our island can produce on the same 
 subject, upon which the ignorance of many of our lead- 
 ing characters would probably surprise you. But you 
 would naturally wish to ask the question whether, should 
 you consent to come here to negotiate, there is a prob- 
 able chance of a favourable result. Upon this I will 
 give you my candid opinion, and I know that I 
 can, without deceiving you, state the sentiments of 
 Government. 
 
 That we wish for a restoration of peace with you need 
 not be argued. Our situation, the great contest in 
 which we are engaged, make it impossible that we should 
 be otherwise than heartily desirous of putting an end to 
 a contest from which we suffer considerably (though 
 perhaps, less than was anticipated), and from which no 
 good can result. The extent of the injury which the two 
 
 283
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 countries can do each other is now pretty well ascertained, 
 we can tease and weaken each other without any practical 
 result, and you cannot for a moment doubt our wish to 
 carry the resources now employed in defending ourselves 
 against you into the more important field of European 
 contest. 
 
 With these feelings, why has the war continued so long ? 
 The only serious point at issue may be said to be that of 
 the impressment of seamen — a question presenting of 
 itself serious and not imaginary difficulties. To hope for 
 any solution of them the disposition on both sides must be 
 sincere, the spirit of peace must animate both parties, 
 and I will not disguise from you that when America set 
 this question of seamen up as cause of war after the great 
 effort for conciliation was made in the repeal of the Orders 
 in Council, the prevalent opinion here was that the war 
 was a war of passion with the people of America, and that 
 concessions would only show weakness, and never satisfy 
 them, and that therefore no alternative was left to us but 
 to fight it out as well as we could. Whether this opinion 
 was well or ill founded need not now be discussed; it 
 prevented at the time any deliberate consideration of the 
 question of seamen, which was considered merely as a 
 pretext, to be followed by some other if once removed. 
 This opinion I believe to be, in as far as Government is 
 concerned, on the change. The representation of persons 
 desirous of seeing a return of peace on honourable terms, 
 a growing opinion that America has a real and serious 
 interest in this question of seamen, the repeated wish 
 expressed by your Executive, and above all, the characters 
 appointed for the pacific mission to St. Petersburg, have 
 excited hopes; there is a disposition to examine the 
 question, and I am quite certain that I can now assure 
 you that should you come here you will be received with 
 confidence in your intentions, with great personal respect, 
 and with a determination to come to terms of peace with 
 you if it be found practicable to do so consistently with the 
 
 284
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 safety of our maritime power, supposed to be, and which 
 undoubtedly is, involved in this question. 
 
 So much I can confidently say of the disposition existing 
 here. But are the difficulties, supposing the disposition 
 on both sides to be perfect, of themselves insurmountable, 
 or are we doomed to the necessity of perpetual war? 
 Upon this point I will give you with sincerity my opinion : 
 I shall not trouble you with any extensive discussion of 
 a subject with which you are so well acquainted. The 
 difficulties are very considerable, but, although I can 
 hardly say that I think they can be surmounted to the 
 entire satisfaction of both parties, I do think that by 
 sincere and friendly discussions some system may be 
 devised of practical efficiency to answer the reasonable 
 purposes of both countries. At all events, it is the duty 
 of both to make some arrangement, because some ar- 
 rangement or perpetual war are the only alternative. 
 It is easy on either side to dress the question out with 
 popular attractions, but any indifferent person under- 
 standing it and considering it calmly must be sensible 
 that on our side we could not admit your pretensions 
 to their full extent without endangering the discipline, 
 and even the existence, of our navy, and, on the other 
 hand, that on your part you cannot submit to the existing 
 system as practised by us. There is, therefore, a neces- 
 sity of some settlement. If you submitted at present, 
 the growing power and population of America would 
 force a settlement on the two countries at no distant 
 period perhaps after ruinous wars. Being frequently 
 accused here of undue partiality towards America, I 
 trust at least that I shall have credit with you for a 
 sincere wish to see an end put to so permanent and certain 
 a source of strife; but I must freely confess that, highly 
 as I value a state of peace and harmony with America, 
 I am so sensible of the danger to our naval power from 
 anything like an unrestricted admission of your principles, 
 that I should almost incline to think it safer to consider 
 
 285
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 an American as an inevitable concomitant of a French 
 war, and to provide for it accordingly. It is useless to 
 discuss the abstract question of right when it becomes 
 one of necessity, and with us I sincerely believe it to be so. 
 
 If therefore the disposition of your Government be to 
 adhere pertinaciously to the determination to give us no 
 better security than the Act of Congress lately passed, I 
 should think your coming here or negotiating anywhere 
 useless for any good purpose. I know it must be so, because 
 I know that any Government of this country would be 
 restrained from such an unlimited concession by its 
 known and certain danger, by the state of public opinion, 
 and that the best friends to the restoration of peace 
 would not be bold enough to recommend it. But, on the 
 other hand, if you are desirous of endeavouring, by mutual 
 explanation and concession, to consult the security and 
 just apprehension of both countries, I know that I can 
 assure you that you will find a corresponding disposition 
 here; and although I would not speak lightly of the 
 difficulties to be overcome, I am inclined by a long con- 
 sideration of the subject to anticipate every reasonable 
 degree of success from the joint efforts of yourselves 
 and those persons whom our Government will be prepared 
 to appoint to meet you. 
 
 I have thus, my dear sir, ventured to suggest to you 
 what occurs to me on the interesting subject of your 
 mission. I should not have risked opinions without 
 feeling certain that I was not misleading you if you think 
 proper to trust to them. I hope they will encourage 
 you not to return to America without at least making an 
 experiment in the manner most likely to lead to success. 
 
 I am assured by my Lord Castlereagh that the requisite 
 order shall be sent for permitting your cartel-ship, the 
 Nei^tune, to carry the gentlemen composing your mission 
 wherever they may think proper; and I trust that I 
 shall be ere long gratified by seeing her bring with you 
 the hope of peace to our shores. 
 
 286 
 
 I
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 If I can personally be of any service, I trust you will 
 freely command me, and that I may be permitted to 
 present my compliments to Mr. Bayard and Mr. Adams 
 with whom I believe I have the advantage of a very 
 slight acquaintance, which I should have the greatest 
 satisfaction in being afforded an opportunity of improving. 
 
 I am, with great consideration and personal regard, 
 dear sir, your very obedient servant, 
 
 Alexander Baring 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN to ALEXANDER BARING 
 
 St, Petersburg, August 27, 1813 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 The letter (of July 22) with which you have 
 favoured me was received on the 17th inst. For this I 
 return you my sincere thanks, and duly appreciate the 
 importance of the information you have obtained, and the 
 motives which have actuated you. Although I cannot write 
 as freely as a person whose communications do not com- 
 mit his own Government, the hope that our correspond- 
 ence may be of some public utility induces me to enter 
 as far in the subject as is consistent with my situation. 
 We have not received, as you suggested, the information 
 that the mediation of Russia had been refused by Great 
 Britain, with expressions of a desire to treat with us 
 separately and directly at London or at Gottenburg. 
 It is possible that Lord Walpole, who is said here to have 
 gone to the Emperor's headquarters, may be the bearer 
 of that communication. We have in the meanwhile 
 been notified that the Emperor had, on the arrival of our 
 mission, given orders that his offer of mediation should 
 be renewed; and we will wait here the result. But if 
 your Government should, after due consideration, persist 
 in its absolute refusal of that offer, a negotiation with us 
 cannot be opened, since our powers in that respect are 
 to treat of peace with Great Britain expressly under the 
 mediation of Russia. We have a distinct commission 
 
 287
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 to treat afterwards of commerce, if agreeable to your 
 Government, and without reference to any mediation. 
 This was alluded to by the President of the United States 
 in his last message, and is now mentioned as an evidence 
 of his sincere desire not only to make peace, but to estab- 
 lish the relations between the two countries on the most 
 friendly footing. 
 
 It does not belong to me to discuss the objections 
 which your Government may have to treat of peace under 
 the mediation of Russia; but we were altogether unaware, 
 when we left America, that any such could exist. Russia 
 had an interest in the restoration of peace between the 
 two countries, since the war interrupted her commercial 
 relations with America, and diverted a certain portion of 
 the British force from the important object of European 
 warfare. In the terms on which peace should be made, 
 in the essential point at issue — a point, which, as you sug- 
 gest, could not in practice arise with respect to her — she 
 had no immediate interest. In those respects she united 
 therefore the essential requisites in a mediating Power, 
 a sincere wish that peace might be made, and impartiality 
 as to the subject of the dispute. On the other hand, 
 with Russia we had only friendly and commercial relations, 
 but no political connexion. You had also with her rela- 
 tions of the same nature with ours and on a much more 
 extensive scale. And you had at the same time an 
 intimate political connexion, necessarily arising from 
 your being united in a most important conflict against 
 a formidable common enemy. You are her ally in a war 
 which to her is an object of so much superior importance 
 to the interest she has in the restoration of peace between 
 you and us — that America might have hesitated to accept 
 her mediation had it not been for the great confidence 
 we place in the personal character of the Emperor. 
 This we considered a sufficient pledge of impartiality; 
 and, certain that your Government at least in that 
 respect entertained sentiments similar to ours, we did 
 
 288
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 not presuppose that if the mediation was accepted by 
 us there could be any hesitation on the subject on the 
 part of Great Britain, unless she considered peace as, 
 at all events at this moment, either impracticable or un- 
 desirable. We did also believe that our accepting as a 
 mediator a Sovereign at war with France was such a 
 clear evidence of our neither having nor wishing to have 
 any political connexion with this last Power, that it 
 must remove those suspicions on the part of your Govern- 
 ment to which you allude, and which, although altogether 
 erroneous and destitute of foundation, might probably 
 continue to have an unfavourable effect on its disposi- 
 tions and termination. 
 
 Such was the view of the subject under which our 
 Government acted in the appointment of the extraordi- 
 nary mission; and you must at once perceive that if 
 a rejection of the mediation on the part of Great Britain 
 had been anticipated, the result would have been, not a 
 direct mission to that country for which there was no 
 preliminary foundation, but merely a declaration that 
 the United States accepted the mediation, and would be 
 ready to act upon it whenever it was accepted by Great 
 Britain. 
 
 It will be a matter of regret if this frank proceeding on 
 the part of America, this effort to re-establish peace in an 
 honourable manner and without suing for it, should, on 
 the threshold, be defeated by the absolute refusal of your 
 Government of the offered mediation. Without at all 
 entering in a discussion of the objections they have to that 
 measure, still, so far as those objections are exhibited 
 in your letter they do not appear to me to go beyond a 
 belief that a direct negotiation would afford a better 
 prospect of success than one conducted under the media- 
 tion of any third Power. This may be true; but as it 
 does not, however, seem necessarily to imply that the 
 attempt to negotiate under a mediation may not under 
 certain circumstances be made, or that a mediation, where 
 
 289
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 America is concerned, is at all events and in itself in- 
 admissible, I still indulge the hope that your Government, 
 finding that a rejection of the mediation is, so far as this 
 mission is concerned, a refusal to negotiate, and placing 
 that confidence in the sincerity of our dispositions and 
 views to which we feel ourselves entitled, will, on a due con- 
 sideration of the subject, find it practicable to reconcile 
 an acceptance of the mediation with their views and 
 principles. 
 
 With respect to the main question, the probability of 
 an arrangement, you are sensible that I cannot at this 
 time and on this occasion enter into details. That I 
 would not have given up my political existence and 
 separated myself from my family unless I had believed 
 an arrangement practicable and that I might be of some 
 utility in effecting it, you are sufficiently aware. The 
 law to which you allude is a municipal regulation, which 
 may, however, be considered as a primary evidence of 
 the general disposition of the American Government 
 to advance towards a compromise. On that subject I 
 could not be more explicit without in fact entering into 
 the negotiation itself. I will only state that, however 
 desirable it might be to define with precision and in a 
 permanent manner the respective rights of the two 
 countries on the subject of impressment, I do not hope 
 that this can be effected at this time, that either nation 
 can be induced to abandon its rights or pretensions in 
 that respect. All that, in my opinion, can be done is an 
 arrangement, by way of experiment, which, reserving 
 to both nations their respective abstract rights real or 
 assumed, shall be founded on mutual engagements in 
 such manner that the failure of either nation to fulfil her 
 engagement shall absolve the other nation from her own 
 and leave her in as full exercise of her rights and pre- 
 tensions as if the arrangement had not been made. 
 
 I have thus freely communicated as far as our relative 
 situation seemed to permit, being well assured that what I 
 
 £90
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 have said will be used for its intended purpose of assisting 
 in promoting the restoration of peace. I know how dear 
 this object is to you, and that we both have an equal 
 desire that not only peace but the most friendly relations 
 and understanding should subsist between the two 
 countries, I can assure you that such also is the sincere 
 and earnest desire of my Government, and that nothing 
 which can be done in that respect will be omitted on my 
 part or on that of my colleagues. Whatever the result 
 may be, I will preserve a just sense of your friendly 
 conduct on this occasion, and remain with great considera- 
 tion and sincere regard, dear sir, your very obedient 
 servant, 
 
 Albert Gallatin 
 
 ALEXANDER BARING to ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 London, October 12, 1813 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 The letter you favoured me with of August 27, 
 reached me in course of post, and if I have delayed my 
 reply it has not been, I can assure you, from any neglect 
 of the important subject of its contents. I have been 
 endeavouring to be useful in an object which I have very 
 much at heart. At this season of the year those with 
 whom I wished to confer are generally out of town, and 
 correspondence becomes necessary. In communicating to 
 you the result of my endeavours I am sorry to say that 
 they have been less successful than I could hope or than 
 I had at one time expected; at the same time, however, 
 I feel the more convinced that the existing difficulties 
 are more difficulties of form than of substance, and I very 
 much misunderstand the disposition on both sides if an 
 agreement were not the result of negotiation, if that 
 negotiation could but be once set on foot. In what I 
 communicate I beg leave again to assure you that you 
 may rsly upon my not misleading you, and, without 
 troubhng you much with the arguments that are used, 
 
 291
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 I shall confine myself principally to the results, and that 
 the rather as little time is left me before the departure 
 of the post, and I wish that no time may be lost. We are 
 here resolved to abide by the principle of direct negotiation. 
 I had hoped that an agreement might have been so far 
 advanced and ascertained that the mediation would 
 have been a mere matter of form, and in that case it 
 might have been adopted for the purpose of keeping 
 your powers alive, and although I could of course attain 
 to nothing like certainty as to this probability of agree- 
 ment, I am still inclined to infer it from the general ex- 
 pression of your letter and from what I have collected 
 here. But it has been resolved here not to depart from the 
 first resolution of entering only into a direct negotiation, 
 and it is thought that, upon the whole, time will at last 
 be saved by this mode, even though it should oblige 
 you to have recourse to America for an alteration of 
 your powers. The arguments used by you in favour 
 of a Russian mediation are very ingenious, and no in- 
 ference of insincerity is drawn from America's adopting 
 this mode, but there are circumstances connected with 
 the nature of the question which makes it ineligible, 
 when in any common political dissension it might be the 
 most rational and satisfactory course to pursue. But 
 whatever may be the weight of argument on either side, 
 you may be assured that the determination is here irrev- 
 ocable, and before this reaches you it must have been 
 communicated to you in some authentic shape. As at 
 the same time a readiness for direct negotiations will be 
 declared, this must save entirely any feelings of pride 
 that America may entertain, as the advance for direct 
 negotiation comes from hence in return for a step on her 
 part of much less concession. What you will think proper 
 to do in this case — whether to wait for new powers, to 
 return yourselves, or to come here in the expectation of 
 those powers being sent — will remain with you to deter- 
 mine; perhaps, indeed, you have determined before this 
 
 292
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 reaches you, as the Baltic will probably be closed for 
 navigation by the end of this month. The omission of 
 Mr. Adams' name in the passport was quite accidental, 
 and must have been my fault. I have no recollection of 
 the circumstance, but I probably concluded at the time 
 that as he was the resident Minister at St. Petersburg 
 he would not return. I trust, however, that he will not 
 have hesitated to accompany you on account of this 
 omission, which he may be assured will be of no conse- 
 quence, and that the vessel, with any person belonging 
 to the mission, will be suffered freely to pass our fleets. 
 
 On the subject of the probability of an agreement 
 between the two Governments I am sensible that you 
 must necessarily write with reserve; but as I am under 
 no such restraint, I will state to you fairly what you 
 may expect here, and I do it because this may influence 
 your determination on other points, and because I 
 always think that between States, as between individuals, 
 where the intentions are honest, plain language is always 
 preferable to artifice. We wish for peace. The pressure 
 of the war upon our commerce and manufactures is 
 over; they have ample relief in other quarters; and, 
 indeed, the dependence of the tw^o countries on each 
 other was, as it usually is, overrated. But the war 
 has no object; it is expensive; and we want to carry 
 our efforts elsewhere. Our desire of peace, therefore, 
 cannot be doubted, and you may quite rely upon it. 
 With respect to the only question really at issue, we are 
 disposed to concert with you the most efficient means of 
 confining the seamen of each country to their respective 
 services; but we do not believe in the practicability of 
 so doing without a reservation of a right of search for them, 
 or rather without a continuation of the practice, for we 
 do not want from you a recognition of right. This 
 practice we are ready to regulate in any manner con- 
 sistent with its object, and I feel an entire conviction 
 that it may be regulated in a manner to do away 
 
 293
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 almost everything that is objectionable in it. On this 
 j)oint you will find us reasonable and liberal, but very 
 firm upon the question of not giving up the practice of 
 examination and search, and indeed with every desire 
 not only to see peace restored, but to see satisfaction 
 given to America on this point — which I always 
 thought she had a right to — I cannot see how we can 
 under our present system of manning our navy do more. 
 All the Acts of Congress or Acts of Parliament that can 
 be framed would be ineffectual without this, and I am 
 sure that when you come to the details you would be of 
 the same opinion; and it is for this reason that I infer 
 from the cautious wording of your letter that you would 
 not be disinclined to an arrangement upon this principle, 
 where every precaution would be taken, and taken, I 
 think, effectually, to remove everything that is vexatious 
 in the present practice, and to subject it to the responsi- 
 bility towards both Governments, under which alone it 
 can be made consistent with a state of peace. I shall not 
 trouble you with any detailed examination of this point; 
 the general principles of our Government you would find 
 as I have stated, and if they are not repugnant to your 
 instructions I think you would soon complete the work 
 of peace without the help or hindrance of any mediator. 
 I have not yet had a good opportunity for America 
 to send your letters for Mrs. Gallatin; they are now here, 
 but a cartel is expected to sail in a few days, and they 
 shall be taken care of. We have not hitherto received 
 any for you. I beg you will believe me at all times 
 happy to be useful, and with great esteem and regard, 
 dear sir, your sincerely devoted servant, 
 
 Alexander Baring 
 
 294
 
 APPENDIX II 
 
 Letter from Voltaire to the Comte d'Argental 
 
 9 Fevrier, 1761. 
 
 Voici la plus belle occasion, mon cher ange, d'exercer 
 votre ministere celeste. II s'agit du meilleur office que 
 je puisse recevoir de vos bontes. 
 
 Je vous conjure, mon cher et respectable ami, 
 d'employer tout votre credit aupres de Monsieur le Due 
 de Choiseul; aupres de ses amis, s'il le faut apres, de sa 
 maitresse, etc. etc. Et pourquoi ose-je vous demander 
 tant d'appui, tant de zele, tant de vivacite, et surtout un 
 prompt succes? Pour le bien du service, mon cher ange: 
 pour battre le Due de Brunswick. M. Gallatin, Officier 
 aux gardes Suisses, qui vous presentera ma tres-humble 
 requete, est de la plus ancienne famille de Geneve. lis 
 se font tuer pour nous de pere en fils depuis Henri Quatre. 
 
 L'Oncle de celui-ci a ete tue devant Ostende; son 
 frere a ete a la malheureuse et abominable journee de 
 Rosbach, a ce que je crois; journee ou les regiments 
 suisses firent seuls leur devoir. Si ce n'est pas a Rosbach, 
 c'est ailleurs; le fait est qu'il a ete tue; celui-ci a ete 
 blesse. II sert depuis dix ans; il a ete aide-major; il 
 veut I'etre. II faut des aides-major qui parlent bien 
 I'allemand, qui soient actifs, intelligents; il est tout cela. 
 Enfin vous saurez de lui precisement ce qu'il lui faut; 
 c'est en general la permission d'aller vite chercher la mort 
 a votre service. Faites-lui cette grace et qu'il ne soit 
 point tue, car il est fort aimable et il est neveu de cette 
 Madame Calendrin que vous avez vue etant enfant. 
 Madame sa mere est bien aussi aimable que Madame 
 Calendrin. 
 
 295
 
 APPENDIX II 
 
 ENGLISH TRANSLATION 
 
 February 9, 1761. 
 
 Here, my dear angel, is the finest occasion for using your heavenly 
 ministration. I am asking for the greatest service I could receive from 
 your kindness. 
 
 My dear and honourable friend, I implore you to use all your credit 
 with the Due de Choiseul, with his friends, and if that fails, with his 
 mistress, etc. Why do I ask for so much support, such zeal, such 
 determination — above all for a speedy and successful issue? For the 
 good of the service, dear angel — to fight the Duke of Brunswick. 
 M. Gallatin, officer in the Swiss Guards, who will present my humble 
 request to you, belongs to the oldest family in Geneva. They have 
 shed their blood for us from father to son since the time of Henri 
 Quatre. 
 
 The uncle of this Gallatin was killed before Ostend; his brother 
 was, I beUeve, at the unhappy and accursed day of Rosbach, the day 
 when the Swiss regiments alone did their duty. If it was not Rosbach 
 it was somewhere else. The fact remains that he was killed — this one 
 was wounded. He has served for ten years, has been staff-major 
 — which is the post he wants. We need staff-majors who speak 
 German and who are active and intelligent; he is all of that. But 
 you will learn from him the exact nature of his wants: generally 
 speaking, it is leave to seek a speedy death in your service. Do him 
 this kindness and sec that he be not killed, for he is very amiable and 
 a nephew of the Madame Calendrin whom you saw in your childhood. 
 His mother too is as amiable as Madame Calendrin. 
 
 296
 
 APPENDIX III 
 
 Translation of Decision of the 5th August 1810 
 
 Whereas the above report made in the Council of Com- 
 merce and Manufacture, with the following results: 
 
 (1) That the Government of the United States is not 
 bound by her act of the 1st March 1809 — by the order 
 dated 20th May following that the French Ships and 
 Merchandise therein contained, which enter their ports 
 should be put under sequestration, but that the con- 
 fiscation of the aforesaid ships and merchandise has been 
 ordered. 
 
 (2) That it has been established by the same Act that 
 when the relations with France have been re-established 
 the confiscations will continue to have their effect. 
 
 (3) That the Act of the 1st March 1809 has been put 
 into execution on every occasion that has presented it- 
 self, not only against the Cargoes but against the French 
 ships as well. We have ordered, and order what follows: 
 
 (1) That the funds arising from the sales of the Amer- 
 ican Cargoes which have been sold up to this date, and 
 the total which has been placed on deposit in the Caisse 
 of Amortisment, shall be transferred to the public treas- 
 ury. 
 
 (2) That the American Cargoes that have been placed 
 under sequestration shall be sold and the funds arising 
 from the same shall be paid into the Public Treasury. 
 
 (3) That the American ships which up to this date, no 
 decision has been come to, shall be sold and the funds 
 they realize shall be paid into the Public Treasury. 
 
 (4) Taking into consideration that the Act of the 1st 
 March 1809 made by the United States does not contain 
 
 297
 
 APPENDIX III 
 
 any order as to the disposition of the Crews of our ships, 
 and always wishing to treat the United States as fairly 
 as possible and using only with regret our rights of re- 
 prisal against them. We agree that the Crews of Amer- 
 ican ships entering our ports shall not be considered as 
 prisoners, but shall be sent back to their own country. 
 
 (5) The dispositions above stated shall be carried out 
 with regard to all the American ships which have entered 
 our ports and been sequestered since the 20th March 
 1808 — to the 1st of May of the present year 1810 — the 
 date of the Act by which the United States has revoked 
 the Act of the 1st March 1809. 
 
 (6) In the future and up to the 1st of November the 
 date fixed by the letter of our Minister of Foreign Affairs 
 to the plenipotentiary's of the United States for the 
 revocation of our decrees of Berlin and INlilan (in the 
 case that our conditions established in the aforesaid 
 letters are fulfilled) the American ships can enter our 
 ports; but the unloading cannot take place without a 
 license signed by our hand, and on a report made in the 
 Council of Commerce stating that they have not been 
 denationalized by their submission to the order of the 
 Council of Great Britain and that they have not con- 
 travened decrees of Berlin and Milan. 
 
 Given at our Palace of the Trianon the 5th August 
 1810. 
 
 Signed Napoleon 
 
 298
 
 INDEX 
 
 Act of Congress of March 1809, 
 
 188, 297 
 Adams, John, second President of 
 United States, 4 note 
 John Quincy, minister to 
 Russia, appointed peace 
 commissioner, ix, xi, 1, 4, 
 11-12, 16, 20-23, 27-36, 
 279, 287, 293; and Albert 
 Gallatin, 181, 184, 236, 267; 
 letters from Albert Gal- 
 latin, 187-90, 258-61; and 
 the seizure of the Apollon, 
 192-93 ; letter to James Gal- 
 latin, 225, 254-55. 
 WilMam, 28 
 Addington, Mr., 260 
 Aix-en-Savoie, 148, 185, 190-91 
 Aix-la-Chapelle Congress, 142 
 Alcantara, Hotel d', in Ghent, 27 
 Alexander, Emperor, offer of me- 
 diation, vii, 1, 6, 18, 19, 21-23, 
 26, 235, 259, 279; and Napoleon, 
 6, 53; Moreau's appreciation of, 
 8, 9; a forgotten note, 13; guest 
 of England, 21, 23, 24; Lafay- 
 ette's interview with, 21-23; 
 and Mme. de Stael, 23, 25; re- 
 ception of Albert Gallatin, 24- 
 25; opinion of Albert Gallatin, 
 35; presents to Albert Gallatin, 
 253; and the North-Eastern 
 boundary question, 261 
 Alfieri, Marquis, 106, 118, 200 
 
 Marquise, 118, 200 
 Alfred, footman, 87 
 
 tailor, 213, 222-25, 233 
 Allaman, Chateau d', 48-49, 191, 
 
 214 
 Allies, the, decision to crush Na- 
 poleon, 74-76; destruction in 
 Paris by the, 102 
 
 Alps, the Simplon Pass, 55 
 America, Mme. de Stael's prop- 
 erty in, 37, 38-39, 42-43; return 
 of the Gallatins to, 235-38, 240- 
 43 
 American War of Independence, 
 
 42 
 Americans in Paris, Albert Gal- 
 latin and, 201, 210; in London, 
 263, 264, 265 
 Amiens, 134 
 
 Amnesty, the Indian, 32 
 Amsterdam, 13, 15 
 Andelys, Les, 68 
 Anglais, Cafe, 207 
 Angouleme, Due d', and Albert 
 Gallatin, 86, 124, 221, 241; and 
 the death of the Due de Berri, 
 157; and Richelieu, 203-04; 
 letter to Albert Gallatin, 243; 
 wedding presents to James Gal- 
 latin, 250 
 
 Duchesse d', and James Galla- 
 tin, 64; and Mme. Gallatin, 
 90, 235-36; jewels of, 116, 
 177; and the Due d'0rl6ans, 
 140; death of the Due de 
 Berri, 157-58; personality, 
 168, 221; and Frances Gal- 
 latin, 193-94; at St. Cloud, 
 210-11; last reception of 
 Mme. and Frances Gallatin, 
 235-36, 238, 241; love for 
 her brother, 237 ; the packet 
 given to Albert Gallatin, 
 241-42; wedding present to 
 James Gallatin, 250 
 Annapolis, 277 
 Apollon, the, seizure, 192 
 Arc, Joan of, 69 
 
 Arclabishop of Pari.s, intriguing 
 for the post of, 200 
 
 299
 
 INDEX 
 
 Argental, Count d', letter from 
 
 Voltaire, 29.5-96 
 Ashburton, Lord. See Baring, 
 
 Alexander 
 Aslor, John Jacob, and Albert 
 
 Gallatin, vi and note, vii, 80, 174, 
 
 201, 229; manners, 167; and 
 
 Mme. Bonaparte, 179 
 Aumont, Due d', 241 
 Austria, question of succession, 
 
 261 
 
 Bachalan's Hotel, Copenhagen, 3 
 
 Bache, Richard, letter from Ben- 
 jamin Franklin to, ii 
 
 Balmat, Jacques, 215 
 
 Baltimore, 61-62, 211, 221, 237, 
 240, 244-46, 252, 255 
 
 Archbishop of, and M. Pas- 
 cault, 249 
 
 Bank of the United States, presi- 
 dency refused by Albert Galla- 
 tin, 197, 201 
 
 Baring, Alexander, letters from 
 Albert Gallatin, vii, 3, 279-80, 
 287-91; negotiations with, 12, 
 14; friendship with the Galla- 
 tins, 72, 77, 172, 174, 203, 210, 
 222, 262-64, 268, 276; offer to 
 James Gallatin, 224; letter to 
 Albert Gallatin, 280-87, 291-94 
 
 Baring, Mrs. Alexander, 72, 203, 
 210, 272 
 
 Barry, Colonel, letter to the Mar- 
 quis of Huntly, 52-56 
 
 Bassano, Due de, 166, 172, 187-88 
 
 Bates, Miss, 256, 272 
 
 Bathurst, Lord, 15, 20, 30-32, 59 
 
 Bayard, Mr., vi, 1, 2, 12, 13, 15, 16, 
 22, 28-30, 33, 69, 75, 279, 287 
 
 Belgarde, 62 
 
 Bentham, Jeremy, 14 and note, 
 175-76 
 
 Bentinck, Mile, 112 
 
 Berlin Decree, the, 187, 188, 298 
 
 "Berline," use of a, 87 
 
 Bernadotte, Jean, 122 and note, 223 
 Mme. iS'ee Sweden, Queen of 
 
 Berne, 217 
 
 300 
 
 Berri, Due de, in London, 56; and 
 Albert Gallatin, 86 and note, 93, 
 130; and the Duke of Welling- 
 ton, 104-5; and the Orleans 
 family, 106; a story of, 107-8; 
 and James Gallatin, 135, 136, 
 140; the Duchesse and, 144; 
 innovations at Court, 149; at 
 the Elys6e, 154; death of, 156- 
 61; effect of his death on jeu- 
 nesse doree, 182 
 
 Duchesse de, and the Orleans 
 family, 106, 140; hospitality 
 of, 124, 144; death of the 
 Duke, 156-61; accusation 
 against Decazes, 161 ; at the 
 Tuileries, 162; birth of the 
 Due de Bordeaux, 165-67, 
 177; and the bomb ex- 
 plosions, 180; and the Gal- 
 latins, 220-21, 236 
 Berthal, Mme., housekeeper, 96, 
 139-40, 148, 150, 151, 168, 175- 
 76, 180 
 Berthe, la Reine, 50 
 Berthollet, 44, 45 
 Bertrand, Gen., in Elba, 53 
 B6thisy, Mme. de, 157 and note, 
 
 235 
 Bingham, Miss, of Philadelphia. 
 
 See Baring, Mrs. Alexander. 
 Biron family, the, 63 
 Blanc, Mont, ascent, 215 
 Blockade in time of war, question 
 
 of, 70 
 Boar hunts, 113-14, 151-52, 200 
 "Bocage," house at Pregny, 138 
 Boigne, Comtesse de, 58, 92 and 
 note, 98, 104, 106, 139, 150, 169, 
 192, 208, 220, 228, 233, 239 
 General de, 92 note 
 Bois de Boulogne, 136; skating on 
 the Petit Lac, 101, 119, 195, 198- 
 99, 202, 226-27, 232 
 Bonaparte, Jerome, 51, 61-63, 202, 
 252 
 
 Joseph, ex-King of Spain, 49 
 and note, 50, 122, 190; Al- 
 bert Gallatin and, 67
 
 INDEX 
 
 Bonaparte — cont. 
 
 Louis, 49 note, 234 
 Madame Mere, 179, 236, 255 
 Mme. Patterson, stories of, 
 51-52, 61-62; present to 
 James Gallatin, 58; and 
 Mme. de Stael, 58, 138 
 in Paris, 88-91, 1G3, 194 
 her son "Bo," 90, 165, 179 
 return from America, 101 
 letter to Albert Gallatin, 
 144; popularity, 165; praise 
 of Napoleon, 187; friend- 
 ship with the Gallatins, 195, 
 200-2, 236, 240, 247, 263 
 Tiote ; hatred of the Catons, 
 197, 222 ; hatred of the Bona- 
 partes, 236-37; admiration 
 of Mile Pascault, 237, 245 
 Napoleon, and Alexander, 5; 
 mentioned by Gen. Moreau, 
 7; America and, 16-17; 
 and Mme. de Stael, 52-53; 
 at Elba, account by Mr. 
 Douglas, 52-56; and the 
 Pope, 63 ; escape from Elba, 
 64; march on Paris, 65-66; 
 interview with Albert Gal- 
 latin, 67-68; decision of the 
 Alhes, 74-75; ceremony in 
 the Champs de Mars, 75; 
 Waterloo, 76; Albert Gal- 
 latin's opinion of, 78-79, 
 179; at St. Helena, 111; 
 the Manuscript of St. Hel- 
 ena, 121 ; dukes created by, 
 172; death, 186; the Tria- 
 non decree of August 5, 
 1810, 187-90, 297-98; baby 
 clothes of, 255 
 Order of, 6 note 
 Pauline. See Borghese, Prin- 
 cess Pauline 
 Bonapartism, decay, 257, 259-60 
 Bonapartists, the, 186-87, 190, 234 
 Bonneval, de, 57 and note 
 Bonstetten, M. de, 48, 51, 56 
 Bordeaux, Due de, 166 and note, 
 167, 257, 260 
 
 BorghSee, H6tel, 90, 209-10, 220 
 and note 
 
 Borghese, Princess Pauline, 90, 179 
 
 Borgo, Count Pozzo di, 94, 98, 
 100, 106, 118, 120-21, 124, 141 
 and note, 144, 163-64, 169, 174, 
 181, 197, 200, 220, 227, 229, 
 242, 257, 265, 268; a sautcrie for 
 Frances Gallatin, 170-71; on 
 the committee of Crockford's, 
 203; on the relations between 
 Great Britain and the United 
 States, 258-59 
 
 "Boston," Game of, 230 
 Harbour, 230 
 
 "Bouche du Rhone," 63 
 
 Bouffe family, the, 247 
 
 Boulogne, 128, 134 
 
 Boundary question, settlement of 
 the, 126, 133, 256, 259, 261, 275 
 
 Bourbon, Due de, 108, 141 and 
 note, 237 
 
 Bourbons, Albert Gallatin and the, 
 50; Napoleon on the, 53, 54; 
 position in France, 78-79 
 
 Bourg, house of Jacques Coeur at, 
 57 note, 105, 108-9, 218 
 la Reine, 60 
 
 Bourget, Lac du, 191 
 
 Braynton, Captain, of the Spar- 
 tan, 2 
 
 Breteuil Marquis de, a chasse au 
 sanglier, 113-14 
 
 "Brichka," use of a, 88 
 
 Briennen, Mile von, 112 
 
 Brighton, the Pavilion, 127-31, 
 262, 268, 276; Albert Gallatin 
 summoned to, 268-69 
 
 Brissac, Comte de Coss6, 152, 157- 
 59 
 
 Comtesse de Cossd, 175, 231- 
 32 
 
 British Embassy, Paris. See Bor- 
 ghese, Hotel 
 Museum, 15 
 
 Peace Mission, in Ghent, 27- 
 35 
 
 Broglie, Due de, 51, 89, 93, 100, 
 106, 135, 145, 152-53, 216, 242 
 
 301
 
 INDEX 
 
 Broglie — cont. 
 
 Duchesse de (Albertine de 
 Stael), 93, 106, 109, 135-36, 
 145, 152-53, 191, 193, 207, 
 216, 233-34, 242, 255 
 Brompton, 15 
 Brooks's Club, 132 
 Brougham, Mr., 274 
 Broughton Castk, 70-71 
 BrowTi, Mr., 260 
 
 Mrs., daughters of, 160, 166 
 Thomas, name taken by the 
 Due de Berri, 166 
 Bruges, 110 
 
 Brummell, Beau, 127-28 
 Brunswick, Duke of, 95, 295, 296 
 Brussels, Napoleon's march on, 
 75-76; Albert Gallatin sent to, 
 109 ; the plains of Waterloo, 111 
 Buckingham House, 265, 271, 272 
 Budc, Eugene de, 216 
 
 Jules de, 59, 152, 153, 216 
 Mme. de, 99 
 M. de, 47, 58, 59 
 Burgundy wine, 217 
 Byron, Lord, 56, 59, 167, 215 
 
 Calendrin, Mme., 295-96 
 
 Gallon, major-domo, 87 
 
 Gambridge, Duchess of, 132 
 University of, 28 7iote 
 
 Campbell, G. W., 16 
 
 Canada, protection of, 28; Napo- 
 leon's interest in, 68; traffic 
 with, 70 
 
 Cannes, Napoleon at, 64 
 
 Canning, Mr., 257, 258, 261, 262, 
 266; Prime Minister, 268, 269- 
 71; sayings of, quoted, 269-70; 
 death, 272-73; as Leader of the 
 House, 274 
 
 Cantillon, arrest of, 104-5 
 
 Garaman, George, 231 
 
 Garden, valet, 218 
 
 Carlton House, 72 
 
 Carnival, the, in Paris, 141, 143- 
 44, 155-56, 177, 201, 235-39 
 
 Caroline, Queen, 203 
 
 Caron, Monsieur, mattre d'h6tel, 
 205 
 
 Garrolls, the, 251-52 
 
 Garrol-town, 251-52 
 
 Gassel, Palace at, 225, 252 
 
 Gassillis, Lady, 267 
 Lord, 267 
 
 Gastelcicala, Prince, 106, 118 
 Princess, 118 
 
 "Castle Solitude," 251 
 
 Castlereagh, Lord, the negotia- 
 tions, vii, 12-14, 20, 23, 26, 28- 
 30, 34, 59, 286; in Vienna, 37; 
 and Albert Gallatin, 68, 69, 74, 
 126, 133; suicide of, 214 
 
 Castries, Mme. de, 231-32 
 
 Catholic emancipation, 273-74 
 
 Gaton, Mrs., daughter of, 62 and 
 note, 165, 194, 202 
 
 Gavour, Count, 58, 214, 215 note 
 Countess, 58 
 
 Gay la, Mme. du, 200 and note, 202, 
 211, 223, 229, 241 
 
 Celestine, Mile, 143-44 
 
 Ghabot, Gomtesse, 208 
 
 Ghambery, 93 
 
 Ghamoix, 215 
 
 Ghamounix, 214, 215 
 
 Champeau, M. de, 231 
 
 Champonet, Marquis de, 152 
 
 Champs de Mars, ceremony in the, 
 75 
 
 Elysees, 103, 104, 199 
 
 Ghapelle, Mme., receptions, 115 
 
 Charles I of England, 126 
 
 VII and Jacques Cceur, 57 
 
 note, 218 
 XII of Sweden, 122 note 
 
 Charlotte, Princess, 256 
 Queen, 132 
 
 Chartres, Due de, 178 and note, 
 198 
 
 Chasse au sanglier, 113-14, 151-52, 
 200 
 
 Chateaubriand, M. de, 94, 138, 
 164, 204, 227, 242 
 
 Chateauvieux, LuUin de, 121 
 
 Chatellon Conference, 23 
 
 Chatsworth, 70, 71 
 
 302
 
 INDEX 
 
 Chelsea Marshes, 132 
 
 Chevet, chef, 235 
 
 Chillon, Chateau de, 50 
 
 Chio, 57 note 
 
 Choiseul, Due de, 295-96 
 
 Christmas, in Paris, 93-94, 110- 
 
 21, 149-53, 174, 193, 224-28; in 
 
 London, 2G4 
 Clanricarde, Lord, 220 
 Clare, Mile, 107-8 
 Clary, Mile Eugenie D&ir^e. See 
 
 Sweden, Queen of 
 Mile Julie, 50, 122 
 Clay, Henry, the negotiations. 16, 
 
 21 and note, 27, 28, 30-34, 69, 
 
 84, 181, 260, 267; letters from 
 
 Albert Gallatin to, 269-71, 273- 
 
 76 
 Clermont, 146 note 
 Clermont-Tonnerre, Due de, 51, 
 
 58, 94, 99 
 
 Duchesse de, 51, 57 and note, 
 94, 99, 215 
 Coeur, Jacques, 57 and note, 105, 
 
 108-9, 218 
 Coigny, Due de, 151 
 Columbia River, navigation, 133 
 Commercial treaty, the negotia- 
 tions, 70, 73, 76, 77, 133, 142, 
 
 256, 266-67, 276 
 Compiegne, hunting at, 178, 179, 
 
 238; Corps de Chasse from, 198 
 Compton, Mr., 132 
 Conde, Prince de, 92 and note, 108, 
 
 141, 161 
 Condorcet, Marquis, 60 and note, 
 
 184 
 Marquise (Mile de Grouchy), 
 184 
 Constant, Benjamin, 47, 51 
 Convention of 1818 renewed and 
 
 signed, 261 
 Conyngham, Lady, 203, 262, 267, 
 
 269, 272 
 Copenhagen, 3-4 
 Coppet, 37-40, 46, 50-51, 56-58, 
 
 71, 89, 109, 145, 208, 216, 232 
 
 "Corinne," dedication to "Cupi- 
 
 don," 58, 71 
 
 Cornwallis, Miss, 222 
 Mr., 217 
 
 Courland, coast of, 4 
 
 Duchesse de, 106, 163-64, 
 220, 222 
 
 Coursergues, M. Claude de, 160 
 
 Crawford, William H., letters from 
 Albert Gallatin to, 15-19; letter 
 from Lafayette, 21-23; return 
 in the Neptune, 75-76; and Al- 
 bert Gallatin's remuneration, 
 84; and the Presidency, 195, 
 207, 225; paralysis, 249, 251 
 
 Crockford's, 203, 265, 268 
 
 Cuckfield, 132 
 
 "Curricle," the, 91 
 
 Dallas, G. H., 2, 12 
 
 Dames de la halle, the, 183 
 
 Dashkoff, Count, vi, 1 
 
 David, M., portrait of James 
 Gallatin, 64-67 
 
 Decazes, M., Ministry, 113 and 
 note, 123, 137; and Albert Gal- 
 latin, 149; accusation of the 
 Duchesse de Berri, 158-61; mis- 
 sion to London, 161; removal, 
 168 
 
 DemidofT, Prince, 58, 62 
 
 DessoUes, General, 123 
 
 Devonshire, Duke of, 70, 71, 262, 
 267 
 
 House, 267, 272 
 
 Diderot, 60 
 
 Dijon, 63, 217 
 
 Dinner customs in Geneva, 47 
 
 Diodatis, the, 47, 215 
 
 Diplomatic Service, for America, 
 221 
 
 Disraeli, "Vivian Grey," 267 
 
 Dixon, Mr., 3 
 
 DoenhofT, Count, 48 
 
 Douglas, Mr., account of his au- 
 dience with Bonaparte, 52-56 
 
 Dover, 69, 128, 134, 147 
 Castle, 134 
 
 Dresden, 6 
 
 Drouet, General, 53 
 
 Dublin, the Viceregal Court, 263 
 
 303
 
 INDEX 
 
 Dudley, Lord, 273 
 
 Duer, Lady Cathrine, 267 
 
 Duniont, M. Andre, 14 and note 
 
 Dundas, Mr., 52 
 
 Duras, Due de, 51, 106 
 
 Duchesse de, 51, 90, 106, 122, 
 137, 139, 235-36 
 Dutch women, impressions, 27 
 
 EcoLE de Droits de Paris, 182 
 
 Edouard, footman, 87 
 
 Edwards, Miss, 220, 222, 229-30, 
 271 
 
 Elba, Napoleon on, account of an 
 interview, 52-50; escape from, 
 64 
 
 Ellsworth, Mr., 11 
 
 Elysee Bourbon, 98 
 
 the, entertainments, 124, 142, 
 144, 154 
 
 Embassy, laws governing the, 
 266 
 
 England, peace policy of, 5, 6, 8-9, 
 16-18, 25-26, 35; Napoleon on, 
 54; and America, position in 
 1816, 86; foreign policy in 1822, 
 217; the mission to, 255-56 
 
 Englishwomen, impression of, 15 
 
 Enville, D'. See Rochefoucauld 
 
 Escalade, the, 61 
 
 Escar, Due d', 178 
 
 Esterhazy, Prince, 265 
 
 Etiquette, French, 115, 145, 195 
 
 Eton festivities, 23, 271 
 
 "Etrennes de la Noblesse," ex- 
 tract from, 110 
 
 Europe, American trade with, 70 
 
 Eustace, Mr., at The Hague, 103, 
 111, 113 
 
 Fagel, Baron, 106, 109 
 
 Fane, Lady, 208 
 
 Favier, Mile, 233-34, 239 
 
 Federahsts, the, and the financial 
 
 crises, vi-vii 
 Femey, a visit to, 59-61 
 Few, Mrs., 211 
 Finance, American, 42 
 Finland, Gulf of, 4 
 
 Fisheries question, settlement of 
 the, 32-35, 126, 133 
 
 FitzJames, Due de, 157 
 
 Flahaut, Countess de, 234 
 
 Florida, sale of, 142 
 
 Fontaincbleau, 63, 65, 114, 151, 
 198, 200, 221, 230-32 
 
 Footpads in London, 264 
 
 Force, Comte Caumont la, 106, 
 114, 118, 202 
 Comtesse Caumont la, 106, 
 
 114, 118, 226 
 Due de Caumont la, 94, 202 
 Mile Caumont la, 119 
 
 Fouquet, Marquis de Belle-Isle, 63 
 
 Frangais, the, 26, 68, 103, 147, 162 
 
 France, financial condition after 
 Waterloo, 88-89; internal 
 trouble, 201 
 
 Mme. de, 52 note 
 
 FrankUn, Benjamin, letter to 
 Richard Bache, Postmaster- 
 General, United States, vi 
 
 French Embassy, London, 263-64, 
 271 
 
 Friendship Hill, 254 
 
 Fulton, Robert, a story of, 146 
 and note, 147 
 
 Galati, Count Joseph, 12-13 
 
 Galiani, Abb6, 60 
 
 Galitzin, Mile Katinka, 94, 98, 
 
 101, 114, 118, 167, 170, 198, 202, 
 
 230, 232, 234, 237. See also 
 
 Force, Comtesse Caumont la 
 
 Prince, 94, 96, 99-101, 106, 
 
 118 
 Princess, 58, 94, 98, 101, 106, 
 118, 156, 195 
 
 Gallatin, Albert, in America, vi- 
 vii; mission to Russia, vii, 1; 
 mentioned in Voltaire's letter, 
 295-96; recall, 10-12; interview 
 with Napoleon, 67-68; the 
 French mission, 81-84; journey 
 to France, 85; religion, 105; 
 Brussels, 109; at The Hague, 
 110-12; mission to England, 
 125; indisposition, 139-40; re- 
 
 304
 
 INDEX 
 
 Gallatin, Albert — cont. 
 
 lations with Spain, 142; dis- 
 covery of the Trianon decree, 
 187-90; Geneva in 1821, 191; 
 his first marriage, 219, 247; the 
 vice-presidency, 249, 251; con- 
 ditions of English mission, 255- 
 56; and George IV, 268-69 
 Letters from : 
 
 Ashburton, Lord, 276-78 
 Baring, Alexander, 280-87, 
 
 291-94 
 Bonaparte, Mme., 144-45 
 Humboldt, Alexander von, 
 
 44-45 
 Monroe, James, 84 
 Moreau, General, 7-10 
 Stael, Mme. de, 37-39 
 Letters to : 
 
 Adams, J. Q., 187-90, 258- 
 
 61 
 Baring, Alexander, 3, 27^ 
 
 80, 287-91 
 Clay, Henry, 269-71, 273- 
 
 76 
 Crawford, W. H., 15-19 
 his brother-in-law, 2 
 Jefferson, Thomas, 78-80 
 Lafayette, General, 19-20 
 Monroe, James, 81-84, 88- 
 
 89 
 Stael, Mme. de, 40-44 
 Albert, his son, in Paris, 78, 
 94, 98, 101, 103, 125; at 
 Fontainebleau, 113; hfe in 
 America, 179, 186, 196, 207, 
 217, 228-29, 233, 235, 239, 
 247; illness of, 211; wife 
 of, 245; the house at New 
 Geneva, 250-52 
 Albert, son of James, 253 
 Barthelemy de, 15 and note 
 Comtedc, 95, 90, 106, 118-20, 
 
 204, 223, 226 
 Comtesse de, 96, 106, 118-20, 
 204, 226; and Frances, 197; 
 theatricals, 208-10 
 Count Paul Michael de, 12-13 
 46 
 
 Gallatin — coni. 
 
 Frances, 78, 82; journey to 
 France, 85; in Paris, 87, 94, 
 96-98, 101, 103, 105, 115, 
 125, 134, 135, 144-45, 175- 
 76, 180, 219; and Mme. 
 Bonaparte, 91; the King's 
 admiration for, 95 ; at Ver- 
 sailles, 103; at Fontaine- 
 bleau, 1 13, 21 1 ; a Christmas 
 party, 116-18; at theOpdra, 
 137; attheElysee, 142; at 
 Suresnes, 148-49 ; Christ- 
 mas preparations, 150-51; 
 pearls for, 152-53; debut, 
 163, 167, 177, 184-85; and 
 Mr. Astor, 167; sautcrie 
 for, 168-70; a bal costume, 
 139-71; scarlet fever, 171- 
 72; at the Palais Royal, 
 178; trick played by James 
 on, 181-82; the Paris 
 churches, 183; in society, 
 190, 192, 195, 197, 204, 20(), 
 220, 221, 224, 225-26, 232; 
 proposals, 193, 240; and 
 Mamie Kitty, 205; theatri- 
 cals, 208, 210; and Miss 
 Edwards, 222, 229, 271; the 
 Christmas play, 225-28; 
 reception by the Duchessc 
 d'Angouleme, 236, 238; by 
 Louis XVIII, 240-41; pres- 
 ent from Pozzo di Borgo, 
 242; return to America, 
 242-45; letter from hor 
 father, 24&-47; and Mile 
 Pascault, 248; at New 
 Geneva, 250-52; at Trent - 
 ham, 266; in London, 271- 
 72, 276 
 
 Frangois de, 110 
 
 House, Geneva, 46 
 
 James, diary of, v; mission to 
 Russia, 1 et seq.; and Alex- 
 ander, 24-25; at Coppet, 
 58; and the Duchesse d'An- 
 gouleme, 64; portrait by 
 David, 64-67; and Louis 
 
 305
 
 INDEX 
 
 Gallatin, James — cont. 
 
 XVIII, 86; a broken arm, 
 174; marriage, 249-50; his 
 son born, 253; the English 
 mission, 256; return to 
 America, 258 note 
 
 Josephine, present from Du- 
 chesse d'Angouleme, 250; 
 her son born, 253; at Friend- 
 ship Hill, 254-55; and the 
 English mission, 256; a 
 letter from, 264. See also 
 Pascault, Mile Josephine 
 
 Louis, 61 
 
 Mile de, 152 
 
 Mme. Albert, 45, 61, 77, 78, 
 82-84; voyage to France, 
 85; life in Paris, 87, 95, 96, 
 98-103, 114-16, 124, 134-37 
 196, 206, 208, 209, 210, 232; 
 reception by the King, 89, 
 92; observance of Sunday, 
 94, 103, 171; visit of Louis 
 XVIII to, 95; at Fontaine- 
 bleau, 113, 211; court func- 
 tions, 116-17, 141; Christ- 
 mas festivities, 117-21, 
 152-53; illness of her hus- 
 band, 139-40; and her son, 
 142-43; and Mme. Bona- 
 parte, 144-45; removal to 
 Geneva, 147-48; and Fran- 
 ces, 163, 168-69, 172, 185, 
 195; and the "Comtesse 
 de C," 173; religion, 180; 
 liking for London, 181; 
 in Aix-en-Savoi, 190-91; 
 and Mme. de Boigne, 192; 
 and Mrs. Montgomery, 
 199-200; a kitchen scene, 
 205; personality, 219, 234, 
 242-43; servants, 223; and 
 poor Americans, 228-29; a 
 dinner in 1823, 232-35; re- 
 ception by the Duchesse 
 d'Angouleme, 235-36, 238; 
 by Louis XVIII, 241; in 
 America, 244, 251-52; and 
 Mile Pascault, 248; Christ- 
 
 Gallatin, Mme. Albert — cont. 
 
 mas in America, 253 ; a sup- 
 per at Friendship HiU, 254; 
 reception at Boulogne, 257- 
 58; life in London, 263-64, 
 271-72, 276, 294 
 Gallatin- Vaudenet, Mme. de, v, 60 
 Gambler, Lord, 28, 72 
 Gambling in Paris, 230; in Lon- 
 don, 268 
 Geneva, the Gallatins at, v, vii, 
 viii, 36-38, 46-48, 56-59,85-112, 
 114, 138, 147-48, 164, 191, 215, 
 238; deputation from, 59; na- 
 tional hymn of, 170 
 Lake of, 146 
 Genlis, Mme. de, 115 
 George I, 24, 26 
 
 III, 132-33 
 
 IV, accession, 160; stories of, 
 202-3; and the Gallatins, 
 257; and Lady Conyngham, 
 262, 272; in London, 265; 
 and Albert Gallatin, 268- 
 69, 276. *See also Regent 
 
 footman, 205-6 
 Mile, 162 
 Ghent, the treaty negotiations, v- 
 
 vii, 20, 21, 26, 27, 35, 36, 38-44, 
 
 51, 59; articles in the Times, 
 
 74; terms of the treaty, 124-26, 
 
 133 
 Ghosts, family, 49 
 Gobelin tapestries, 48 
 Goderich, Lord, 262, 271, 273; the 
 
 Goderich Ministry, 273-75. See 
 
 also Robinson, Mr. 
 Goltz, Comte and Comtesse, 118 
 Gordon, Duke of, 52 and note, 56, 
 
 108, 167, 184; Colonel Barry's 
 
 letter to, 52-56; account of ball 
 
 at Versailles, 56-57 
 Gotha River, 3 
 Gottenburg, 2-3, 16, 21, 280, 282, 
 
 283 287 
 Goulburn, Henry, 28-34, 77, 126 
 Grammont, Due de, 102, 106, 125- 
 
 26 
 
 Duchesse de, 106 
 
 306
 
 INDEX 
 
 Grande Pharamond, Fontaine- 
 
 bleau, 230 
 Grant, Mr., 274 
 Grayson, Mr., 97 
 Great Britain, policy towards 
 
 United States, 275-94 
 Greece, emancipation of, 253-54 
 Greffuhle, M. de, 156 
 Gregoire, Abb6, 149 and note 
 Grenoble, 65 
 Greuze, head by, 67 
 Greville, Charles, 262 and note, 
 
 267, 272 
 Grey, Earl, 72, 73, 262 
 Grimm, 60 
 Gris Nez, Cape, 134 
 Grisette, world of, Paris, 97 
 Grotz, Comte and Comtesse de, 
 
 118 
 Guiccioh, Marquise de, 167 
 Guiche, Comte de, 125-26 
 Due de, 102, 125 
 
 Hague, negotiations at The, 109- 
 
 12 
 Hall, Captain Basil, book of, 52 
 Hanson, 17 
 
 Harris, Mr. Levitt, 24, 25 
 Harrowby, Lord, 273 
 Harvey, Mr., 165 
 Hautecombe, monastery of, 191 
 Havre, 68, 09, 91 
 Hay, Mrs., 83 
 
 Hayti, independence of, 257, 260 
 Henri II of France, 63 
 
 IV of France, 92, 160 
 Henrietta-Maria, Queen, 125-26 
 Herries, Mr., 274 
 Hesse-Cassel, Landgrave of, v-vi, 
 
 116, 252 
 Holland House, 271 
 Horsham, 28 note 
 Hortense, Queen, 49, 234 
 Hotel, the term, 27 
 Hotel de Ville, 155-56 
 Hrushova, 10 
 Hudson River, 146 note 
 Humberts, the, 47 
 
 Humboldt, Baron, aid given in the 
 negotiations by, vii, 24, 26 at^d 
 note; letter to Albert Gallatin, 
 44-45; friendship with Albert 
 Gallatin, 93, 100, 124, 174, 242, 
 268, 269 
 
 the brothers, 174, 185 
 
 Hundred Days, the, 90 
 
 Huntly, Lord. See Gordon, Duke of 
 
 Huskisson, William, 261, 270 and 
 note, 273-75 
 
 Illinois, State of, 28 
 Impressment, question of, 70 
 Indemnity question, the, 166-67, 
 
 188, 191, 227 
 India, trade with, 70 
 Indian tribes of North-Western 
 Territory, question of sover- 
 eignty, 27, 30-31 
 Indiana, State of, 28 
 
 James I, 24 
 
 Jay, Mr., 11, 277 
 
 Jean, footman, 87, 176 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas, 23, 44, 45; 
 
 letter from Albert Gallatin, 78- 
 
 80 
 Jena, 95 
 Jerome, King. See Bonaparte, 
 
 Jerome 
 Jews, civil rights, 149 
 "John of Bologna," statue by, 100 
 Jones, Captain Lloyd, 2, 279 
 Josephine, Empress, 49 note, 63 
 July 4th in Paris, 210 
 "Junius (Letters of)," 60 
 Jura, shooting in the, 216 
 
 Kensington, Lady, 222, 271 
 
 Lord, 222 
 Kent, Duke of, death, 154 and note 
 Kew Gardens, 271 
 King, Rufus, 236 and note, 255, 261 
 
 Lafayette, Mile de, portrait by 
 Mignard, 67 
 
 M. de, friendship with Albert 
 Gallatin, vii, 24, 26, 100-1, 
 
 307
 
 INDEX 
 
 Lafayette, M. de — coril. 
 
 106, 124, 172, 174, 181, 197, 
 209, 214, 235, 242; letter 
 from Albert Gallatin, 19- 
 20; letter to W. H. Craw- 
 ford, 21-23; opinion of Na- 
 poleon, 78 ; visit of the Gal- 
 latins to, 91; on liberty, 
 120; the consi)iracy, 165; 
 mysterious visits of, 212-13, 
 221-22; visit to America, 
 236, 253-54; and the Due 
 d'Orl6ans,257; at Boulogne, 
 257; petty plots, 259-60 
 Lafitte, M., 165 
 Laflage, Mile, 115 
 Lakes, the Great, question of con- 
 trol, 28, 31 
 Lansdowne, Marchioness of, 272 
 
 Marquis of, 72, 270, 273, 275 
 Lauriston, Marquis de, 168 
 Lausanne, address from president 
 
 of, to Albert Gallatin, 50 
 Laval, Comte de, 232 
 Lavalette, Monsieur de, 48 
 Lavalle, Due de, 179-80 
 Duchesse de, 179-80 
 Law, of South Sea Bubble fame, 
 
 168 
 Lawrence, Mr., 261, 268, 276 
 Leeds, Duke of, 62 note 
 Leicester House, Leicester Fields, 
 
 24 
 Leman, Lake, 48 
 Lent in Paris, 103-5, 144-45, 178, 
 
 203, 238 
 Leopold, Prince, 256 
 Leth^ne, Agnes, 218 
 Lieven, Prince, 12 and note, 19, 
 261-62 
 
 Princess, 262 
 Liverpool, Lord, the negotiations, 
 20, 21, 28, 30, 32, 59, 74; ilhiess 
 and death, 265-66, 268 
 Livingstone, Mr., 181, 194 
 Lloyd's Ust, 279 
 Loire, the, 212, 219 
 London, impressions, 14, 15, 125- 
 26, 131-33; the delegates in, 14, 
 
 London — co7it. 
 
 20, 21 ; Seymour Street, 14, 256; 
 Sunday in, 29; Albert Gallatin 
 in, 1815, 69-77; St. James's 
 Street, 69, 265; the Mall, 73, 
 265-67, 272; the mission to, 
 1826, 255-56 
 
 Londonderry, Lord. See Castle- 
 reagh, Lord 
 
 Louis XIV, 63, 87; customs, 26, 
 114 
 
 XV, ball at Versailles, 52 note; 
 marriage, 57 note 
 
 XVI, marriage, 56-57; death, 
 150 
 
 XVII, impersonation in Amer- 
 ica, 237, 242 
 
 XVIII, and Albert Gallatin, 
 iii, 124, 154, 193; laws of, 
 14 note ; letters of, 56; re- 
 ception of Albert Gallatin, 
 63-64, 86-87, 88, 92, 240- 
 41; news of Napoleon's 
 escape, 64-65; flight with 
 royal family from Paris, 
 65-66; message to Mme. 
 Jerome Bonaparte, 90-91; 
 reception of Mme. Gallatin, 
 89, 92; visit to Mme. Gal- 
 latin, 95; at the Petit Lac, 
 101-2; and the Orleans 
 family, 106, 140; and De- 
 cazes, 123; illness, 149, 177, 
 183,195,211,222,229,236; 
 death of the Due de Berri, 
 157-58,162; and Richelieu, 
 161; and Chateaubriand, 
 164; and Due de Bordeaux, 
 167; and the confession of 
 the Duchesse de Berri, ISO; 
 and Mme. du Cayla, 200, 
 202, 211, 223, 229, 241; an 
 American's regard for, 237; 
 letter to Albert Gallatin, 
 243; death, 250 
 
 footman, 87 
 Louvel, assassin of Due de Berri, 
 
 160, 162-64 
 Louvre, bomb explosion, 162 
 
 308
 
 INDEX 
 
 Lucien, valet, 87, 91, 111, 128, 
 131-32, 134, 140, 148, 175, 218, 
 223, 243, 247, 250 
 
 Lucy, Lady, 264 
 
 LulUns, the, 47 
 
 Lussac, Gay de, 44, 45, 87, 197, 
 204, 212, 226 
 
 Luxembourg, 145 
 
 Luynes, Duchesse de, 216 
 
 Macon, 63 
 
 Madison, President, vi, 1, 34, 55 
 
 Maille, Comtesse de, 230 
 Due de, 158-59 
 
 Maison Doree, 94, 141, 239 
 
 Maisons de jeu, 207 
 
 Malibran, 208 
 
 Mamie Kitty, nigger cook, 205-6, 
 212-13, 225-26 
 
 Mantes, 68 
 
 Marais, the, Paris, 173 
 
 Marchmont, Mr., 110-11 
 
 Marie- Antoinette, 52 note, 56, 71, 
 184 
 
 Marie-Louise, 55-56 
 
 Marie-Theresa, 60 
 
 Marmiers, the, 63 
 
 Marmont, Marshal, Napoleon on, 
 55 
 
 Maubourg, M. Latour, 168 
 
 Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Grand 
 Duke of, 58 
 
 Mcr de Glace, the, 215 
 
 Metternich, Prince, Napoleon on, 
 54; poUcy, 261 
 
 Meunier, Baron, 168 
 
 Meyer and Bruxner, Messrs., 280 
 
 Michael, Count Paul, 152 
 
 Michigan, State of, 28 
 
 Mignard, portrait of Mile de 
 Lafayette, 67 
 
 Milan decree, 187, 188, 190, 298 
 
 Milligan, George, 2 
 
 Mississippi, navigation of the, 32- 
 33, 34, 35, 133 
 
 Monroe, James, 21 note, 34; let- 
 ters from Albert Gallatin, 21, 
 29, 81-84, 88-89; presses the 
 French mission on Albert Gal- 
 
 Monroe, James — cont. 
 
 latin, 80-82; letter to Albert 
 Gallatin, 84 
 Mrs., 83 
 Monsieur, and Albert Gallatin, 86, 
 95, 193; visit to Mme. Gallatin, 
 95; alleged intrigues, 113, 149, 
 201; and Wellington, 138; and 
 the death of the Due de Berri, 
 157; promise to Richelieu, 161; 
 at jVersailles, 183; adieu to the 
 Ga'llatins, 241; letter to Albert 
 Gallatin, 243 
 Montesquieu, Guy de, 207, 209 
 Mile, de, 226 
 Mme. de, 230 
 Montgomery, Mrs., a letter to, 
 
 199-200; kindness of, 244 
 Montmorency, Due de, 51, 57, 
 223, 227 
 
 Duchesse de, 223 
 Mathieu de. Governor of 
 Compiegne, 151, 152, 178, 
 263-64 
 Vicomte de, 241 
 Moreau, Gen., conversation with 
 Albert Gallatin, vii, 6-10; ac- 
 count of, 6 note ; death, 10; 
 silver of, 121 
 Morgan, Lady, 179 
 Morlaix, 6 note 
 Mormomsen, cat, 209 
 Mourussa, the cat, 99 
 Murats, the, 190 
 Murillo, a madonna by, 67 
 
 Napoleon III, 49 iiole 
 
 Narishkin, M., 229 
 
 Navigation Laws, repeal of, 270 
 
 note 
 Naville, Adrien, 152, 153, 214 
 family, the, 47, 59, 191, 215 
 M., 46, 121; letters from Al- 
 bert Gallatin to, 67 
 Necker, Mme., 43, 60 
 
 M., 52 
 Nelson, Lord, the battle of Copen- 
 hagen, 3-4 
 Neptune, the, 2, 75, 76,279,280,286 
 
 309
 
 INDEX 
 
 Nesselrode, Count, 5 
 Netherlands, Albert Gallatin sent 
 
 to, 103-4 
 Newcastle, United States, 2 
 New England States, the, 17 
 
 Geneva, the house at, 196, 
 
 242, 246-47, 250, 255 
 Orleans, defence, 44, 45 
 Year in Paris, 94, 118-19, 137, 
 149, 154, 193-94, 224-29; in 
 Baltimore, 249; in London, 
 265 
 York, 78, 81, 243-44 
 Niagara, Fort, 28 
 Nicholas V, Pope, 57 note 
 Nicholson, maiden name of Mme. 
 
 Gallatin, 105 
 Nicholsons, the, reception of the 
 
 Gallatins, 244 
 Norfolk, newspaper report of, 16 
 North Cray, 214 
 
 North- Western Territory, question 
 of Indian sovereignty, 27-28, 
 30-31 
 Norway, England and Russia, 
 
 pohcy towards, 4 
 Notre Dame, Paris, ceremony on 
 
 Christmas Eve, 94 
 Nova Scotia, trade with, 70 
 Nunez, Due de Fernan, 106, 239 
 
 O'Connor, General, 184 
 Mme., 184 
 
 O'Donnell, Mr., 248 
 
 Mrs., ?iee Pascault, 248 
 
 Ogle-Taylor, Mr., 194 
 
 Ohio, State of, 28 
 
 "One- Year Queen of Bohemia," 
 the, 24 
 
 Orleans, Due d', and Mme. de 
 Boigne, 93; return to France, 
 106 and note; intrigues, 140, 201 ; 
 the death of the Due de Berri, 
 157; children of, 178; the skat- 
 ing carnival, 198; at the Tuile- 
 ries, 221; at the Cfallatins', 
 228, 232-35; and Mme. Bona- 
 parte, 237; Lafayette and, 257; 
 claim to the throne, 260 
 
 Orleans, Due d' — cont 
 
 Duchesse of, return to France, 
 106-7; at the Palais Royal, 
 149; and the death of Duo 
 de Berri, 157 ; at the Tuile- 
 ries, 177, 221; the skating 
 carnival, 198; and the Gal- 
 latins, 227-28, 232-35, 241 
 
 family, return to France, 93, 
 154; the roj'al family and, 
 144; innovations at court, 
 149; and birth of Due de 
 Bordeaux, 166-67; recep- 
 tions at the Palais Royal, 
 209 ; reception at the Span- 
 ish Embassy, 227 
 
 Mile d', 107, 158, 160, 177, 
 178, 228, 232, 241 
 
 the Regent, 115 
 Orsay, Comte D', 106,] 121, 125, 
 136, 150 
 
 Comtesse D', 106, 125, 150 
 
 Mile D', married Due de 
 Guiche, 125 
 Osmond family, the, 104 
 
 Marquis d', 92 and note, 220 
 
 Marquise d', 220 
 
 Mme., invitation from, 206--8, 
 209 
 
 M. d', 106, 120 and note, 206- 
 8,209 
 Ostend, 110 
 Ourousoffs, the, 101 
 
 Pajol, General, 165 
 
 Palais Royal, gardens, 91, 93, 102; 
 the Orleans family established 
 at, 106, 160, 166, 241; recep- 
 tions, &c., 124, 141, 154, 178, 
 192, 194, 209, 229, 232, 235 
 Royal, the old, 173 
 
 Palmerston, Lord, 274 
 
 Papal Nuncio, the, at the Spanish 
 Embassy, 171, 208 
 
 Paris, impressions, 14, 26, 41, 73; 
 visit of the Gallatins, 1815, 
 63; Rue de Monsieur, 64; ar- 
 rival of Napoleon, 65-68; cere- 
 mony in the Champs de Mars, 
 
 310
 
 INDEX 
 
 Paris — cont. 
 
 75; return of the Gallatins in 
 1816, 85; Rue de I'Universite, 
 87; gardens of the Palais Royal, 
 91; public baths. 111; return of 
 the Gallatins, September 1817, 
 113; Christmas and the New 
 Year in, 115-20, 137, 152-53, 
 174, 193-94, 224-29; return of 
 James Gallatin in 1818, 134-35; 
 in 1819, 149; in 1822, 217; in 
 1826, 258 
 Parish and Girard, Messrs., vi-vii 
 
 Mr., 188 
 Parker, Mr., 91, 213 
 Pascault, brother of M. Pascault, 
 248 
 
 Mile Henrietta. See Reubel, 
 
 Mme. 
 Mile Josephine, beauty of, 
 237-38, 245-49; marriage 
 to James Gallatin, 249-50 
 Mme., 246, 248 
 M. (Marquis de Poleon), 61, 
 62, 237, 245, 246 and note, 
 247-48; and the Arch- 
 bishop of Baltimore, 249- 
 50; illness, 251-52 
 Pasquier, M., 168 
 Patiomkin, Princess, 58 
 Patterson, Mr., 245, 247 
 
 Mrs. Robert, 194, 197, 200; 
 married Marquis of Welles- 
 ley, 222, 263 and note 
 Robert, 165, 263 note 
 Pavilion Henri Quatre, St. Ger- 
 main, 204 
 Peace, European Treaty of, 23 
 with United States, the treaty 
 signed, 35 
 Peacock, the, 85, 240, 243 
 Peel, Mr., 273-74 
 Pennsylvania, 195 
 Peter, black servant, 96, 140 
 Petit Lac, Bois de Boulogne, skat- 
 ing on the, 101, 119, 195, 198- 
 99, 202, 226-27, 232 
 Petit Trianon, the, 26 
 Pickering, 17 
 
 Pictet, Mile, 105, 118 
 M., 50 
 
 Pin, Tour du, 231 
 
 Pitt, William, 60 
 
 Place, M. la, 94, 100-1, 124, 242 
 and note 
 
 Plaisance, Due, 100 
 Duchesse, 100 
 
 Poitiers, Diane de, 63 
 
 Poix, Prince de, 151, 230 
 
 Poleon, Marquis de. See Pas- 
 cault, M. 
 
 Poletica, Mr., 16, 19 
 
 Polignac, Jules de, 263 
 
 Pope, the, and Napoleon, 54, 63 
 
 Portal, M., Marine and Roy, 168 
 
 Portland, Duke of, 273 
 
 Portugal, affairs in, 1827, 275-76 
 
 Prangins, 49 
 
 Praslin, Due de Choi.scul, 63-64 
 
 Pregny, 60, 61, 138, 146 
 
 Press of 1816, sympathy with 
 Napoleon, 86 
 
 Prussia, Queen of, 48 
 
 Puysegur, friendship of, 102, 135, 
 155, 159, 209-10 
 
 QuELLON, M. du, 200 
 Quincy, 17 
 
 Racine, Pliedre, 26 
 Ratifar, M., chef, 87 
 Rebecque, Baron Constant, 93, 
 112 
 
 Mme. de, 112 
 Rccamicr, Mme., 01, 93, 104, 121, 
 
 13(i-.37, 139, 150-51, 190, 194 
 Red Indians, 32 
 
 Regent, the (afterwards George 
 IV), 15; and Albert Gallatin, 72, 
 77; at Brighton, 127-31; ap- 
 pearance, 265. See also George 
 IV 
 Renaissance architecture, 218 
 Reubel, Frederic, 246, 255 
 
 General, 62, 245, 248-49, 252 
 Mile, 246, 248 
 Mme., 62, 237. 245, 248, 252, 
 255 
 
 311
 
 INDEX 
 
 Revolution, the French, references 
 to, 61, 14&-47, 164 
 
 Richelieu, Due de, and Albert 
 Gallatin, 86 aiid note, 91, 94, 
 100, 138, 139, 149; resignation, 
 123, 137; and the Queen of 
 Sweden, 137, 161-62, 163, 194, 
 223; i^ension, 138; refuses office, 
 161 ; Monsieur and, 161 ;and Cha- 
 teaubriand, 164; and the in- 
 demnity, 166-67, 188; return to 
 power, 168; honesty of, 174; 
 death, 203-4; and Mme. du 
 Cayla, 223 
 
 Ministry, the, 168 
 
 Richmond, 271 
 
 Robespierre, 7 
 
 Robinson, Mr. Frederic (after- 
 wards Viscount Goderich), Vice- 
 President of Board of Trade, 72 
 and note; the negotiations in 
 London, 73-77; terms of Ghent 
 treaty, 126, 133 
 
 Rocca, M., 104, 216 and note 
 
 Rochefoucauld d'Enville, Due de 
 la, 26, 89, 94, 150, 229 
 Mathieu de la, 200 
 Sosthene de la, 94, 102, 150, 
 155, 169, 223 
 
 Rochejacquelin, M. de, 122 
 
 Rochment, Pictet de, 118 
 
 Rocky Mountains, and the bound- 
 ary question, 275 
 
 "Roger de Coverley," 119 
 
 Rogers, Captain, of the Peacock, 
 85, 243 
 
 Rohan, Due de, 106 
 
 Rohan-Chabot, M., 157 
 
 Role, Chateau du, 214, 216 
 
 RoUe, 48 
 
 Romanzoff, Count, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13 
 
 Rome, 144 
 
 Romilly, Mme. Meunier, portrait 
 of Albert Gallatin, 61-62 
 
 Rosbach, 295, 296 
 
 Rosette, danseuse, 92, 93 
 
 Rosey, M. Du, 216 
 
 Rothschild, M., 76, 104 
 
 Rouen, 68, 69 
 
 Rousseau, theories, v 
 
 "Rout," a London, 265, 272 
 
 Rovigo, Due de, the conspiracy, 
 165 
 
 Rozay, Chateau de, 48 
 Mile Rolaz du, 48 
 
 Rush, Mr., 16, 125, 126, 132; dis- 
 patches to, 233, 260-61 
 
 Russell, Mr., appointed on the 
 Peace Commission, 16, 28, 33 
 
 Rutland, Duchess of, 265 
 
 Sacconnex, 58-59, 216 
 
 Sackett's Harbour, 28 
 
 St. Cloud, 208, 211, 221, 240 
 
 Domingo, massacre on, 53, 62, 
 
 246 7iote 
 Germain, 204-5, 211 
 Helena, 111, 186; "The Man- 
 uscript of St. Helena," 121 
 James's, Court of, 236 note 
 Lawrence River, navigation, 
 
 70 
 Mary's River, navigation laws, 
 
 192 
 Paul's Cathedral, 70 
 Petersburg, vi, 279; impres- 
 sions, 4, 10, 14, 15, 174-75 
 Pierre, Cathedral of, 38, 61 
 Pierre de Challiot, 202 
 Sebastian, Amsterdam, 187 
 Sainte-Chapelle, the, 126 
 Saladins, the, 47 
 Salon, customs of the, 47 
 Sanglier, chasse au, 113-14, 151- 
 
 52, 200 
 Sarrasins, the, 47 
 Savigliano in the Piedmont, 12 
 Savoy, Duke of, 50 
 
 Dukes of, burial-place, 191 
 Saye and Sele, Lord, 70-71 
 "Schottische," the, 115 
 Seine, the, 116; steamboats, 146 
 
 note; baths in the, 211 
 Sellon, Comte de, 47, 48, 51, 191, 
 214 
 
 Hortense de, 48, 49 
 Scnarclan, M. de, 50 
 Sennox, 245 
 
 312
 
 INDEX 
 
 Serent, Due de, 151 
 Duchesse de, 241 
 
 Sergy, 50 
 
 8errc, M. de, vi, 1G8 
 
 Sevenoaks, 128 
 
 Sheldon, Mr., 87 arid note, 113, 
 167, 201 
 
 Sicily, 23 
 
 Sigismonde, M., 56 
 
 Simeon, M., 168 
 
 Simplon Pass, the, 55 
 
 Sismondi, M. J. C. L., apprecia- 
 tion of Albert Gallatin, 38, 47 
 and note, 51 
 
 Skating, 195, 198, 202, 226-27, 
 232 
 
 Slave trade, Alexander on the, 23 ; 
 Napoleon on the, 53, 68; the 
 captured slaves, indemnity for 
 owners, 126, 259 
 
 Soltz, Comte and Comtesse, 106 
 
 Sophia, Electress, 24; stories of, 
 26,27 
 
 Sorel, Agnes, 57 note, 218 
 
 South American Republics, 142 
 
 Spain, and the Treaty of 1819, 142 
 
 Spanish colonies revolt, 142, 253 
 Embassy, Paris, 171, 208, 227, 
 239 
 
 Spartan, frigate, 2 
 
 Specie payments, suspension of, in 
 United States, 81 
 
 Stadinck, Marshal, 22 
 
 Stael, Mme. de, friendship for 
 Albert Gallatin, vii, 46, 266; and 
 Alexander, 23-25; letters to 
 Albert Gallatin, 1814, 37-39; 
 letter from Albert Gallatin, 40- 
 44; Ufe at Coppet, 50-52, 56-58, 
 71, 89; "Corinnc" presented to 
 James Gallatin, 58; Byron and, 
 59; question of her fortune, 67, 
 104; in Paris, 93, 94, 100-1; 
 and Wellington, 102; illness and 
 death, 108-9; habits, 122, 145 
 Albertine de, 51, 56. See also 
 
 Broghe, Duchesse de 
 Auguste de, 39, 43, 51, 109, 
 216 
 
 Stafford, Marchioness of, 71, 232, 
 
 235, 261-62, 266 
 Stirhng, Lord, 267 
 Stratford, Lord, 62 note 
 Strong, 17 
 Stuart, Chevalier, 106, 118-19, 169, 
 
 204, 208 
 Sunday, in London, 15; in Paris, 94 
 Suresnea, 148-49 
 Sutherland, Countess of. See 
 
 Stafford, Marchioness of 
 Sweden, Queen of, wife of Berna- 
 
 dotte, 122 and note; and M. 
 
 de Richelieu, 137, 161, 163, 194, 
 
 203, 204, 223; a lampoon on, 
 
 151 
 Swiss girls, habits of, 217 
 
 Talleyrand, Prince, 106, 123-24, 
 
 162-63, 227, 265, 268 
 Talma, actor, 162 
 Talmont, Princesse de, 122 
 Tankerville, Lord, 126 
 Terror, the, 146-47, 164 
 Tete de Noire Pass, Chamounix, 
 
 215 
 Thenard, 44, 45 
 Thorne, the Misses, 204 
 Tilsit, Treaty of, 54 
 Times, the, criticism of the Treaty 
 
 of Ghent, 74 
 Todd, John, 2 
 Tortoni's, 208, 212 
 Tour, BalUet La, friendship, 102, 
 
 118 
 
 Carillon la, 195, 212 
 Mme. Carillon la, 195, 230 
 Tower of London, 70, 132 
 Tracy, Mr., 19 
 Treasury, Paris, bomb explosions, 
 
 177 
 
 United States, offer to Albert 
 Gallatin, 84-85 
 Trentham, entertainment at, 262, 
 
 266 
 Trianon Decree of August 5, 1810, 
 
 187-90 
 Trois Freres Provenceaux, 183 
 Tudert, Sarah, 218 
 
 313
 
 INDEX 
 
 Tuileries, reception of Napoleon, 
 65-66; etiquette, 124; funeral 
 of the Due de Bcrri, 159; Du- 
 chcsse de Berri at, 162; bomb 
 explosion at, 177; receptions, 
 &c., 177, 210, 220-21 
 
 Twenty years' war in Europe, 41 
 
 Uniontown, reception of Lafay- 
 ette, 253-54 
 
 United States, Trianon decree of 
 August 5, 1810, 297-98 
 
 Valliere, Mile de la, 126 
 
 Vaud, Canton de, address to Al- 
 bert Gallatin, 50, 59 
 
 Vaux Praslin, 63 
 
 Veronese, Paolo, "Queen Esther 
 before Ahasuerus," 67 
 
 Versailles, the Petit Trianon, 26; 
 entertainment at, 52 note, 56-57, 
 183-84; the Lussacs at, 87; 
 visits to, 103; the Duchesse 
 d'Angouleme and, 211 
 
 Vestris, Mme. Le, 182 
 
 VeufHans, Chateau de, above Lau- 
 sanne, 50 
 
 Vienna, Congress of, 37, 74, 79 
 
 Villar, Due de, 60 
 
 Ville Juis, 55 
 
 Villele, M. de, 227, 257, 260 
 
 Vilette, Mme. de la, 61 
 
 Vincennes, skating at, 174 
 
 Vincent, Baron, 106, 239 
 
 "Vivian Grey," 267 
 
 Vodka, popularity of, 6 
 
 Voltaire, v, 56, 59-61, 105, 184; 
 letter to Count d'Argental, 
 295-96 
 
 Vosges Mountains, 60 
 
 Waddington, Mme., 236 note 
 Waldorf, 80 
 Walewski, Count, 234 
 Walpole, Lord, 13, 287 
 Warden, Mr., 44, 45 
 Warren, Admiral, passport of, 2, 
 280 
 
 Washington, capture of, 49-41; 
 impressions, 73; Albert Gallatin 
 in, 83, 84, 244 
 President, 11, 56 
 
 Waterloo, 76; the plains of, 111 
 
 Watts, Lady Mary, 267 
 Mr., 267 
 
 Weald of Sussex, 132 
 
 Wellesley, Lady. See Patterson, 
 Mrs. Robt. 
 
 Marquis of, 62 note, 222, 263 
 note 
 
 Wellington, Duke of, 28 note, 62 
 note, 90, 141 and note, 265; pri- 
 vate notes to Albert Gallatin, 34- 
 35; and Mme. de Stael, 39, 51; 
 the negotiations, 59; and Albert 
 Gallatin, 73; on the Treaty of 
 Ghent, 74; Waterloo, 76; and 
 James Gallatin, 93; personality, 
 102; attempt on his Ufe, 104; 
 dinner given by, 106; and the 
 French Royal Family, 138; 
 amours, 165; and Mrs. Robert 
 Patterson, 194, 222, 263 note ; 
 purchase of the Hotel Borghese, 
 220 7iote ; and Canning, 269; 
 a banquet, 271-72; command of 
 the Army, 273, 274 
 
 West India trade, settlement of 
 the question, 70, 126, 133 
 
 Western Virginia, Albert Gallatin's 
 love for, 196, 217, 219, 224; the 
 house in, 244-45 
 
 Westmoreland, Countess of, 141 
 and note, 144, 208 
 
 Westphalia, Court of, 252, 255 
 
 Weyer, M. Van der, 256 
 
 Whigs, policy of the, 1827, 270 
 
 White Hart Inn, 271 
 
 White's Club, 132, 203; gambUng 
 at, 263, 264 
 
 Wigs, Bonaparte fashion of wear- 
 ing, 248 
 
 Wisconsin, State of, 28 
 
 Wiirtemberg, King of, 96 
 
 York, Duke of, death, 265-67 
 York House. 265 
 
 314 
 
 %
 
 :?1]DNV-S01^ 
 
 jPCAIiF 
 
 \WEl!NIVER5'/A 
 
 !VER%^ ^lOS-ANC^ 
 
 
 's'mwm'^ 
 
 
 vrnw-m"^ 
 
 0F-CALIF0I?4, 
 
 \WEUNIVER%
 
 3 1158 00846 6186 
 
 Ciz 
 
 «
 
 iii 
 
 ii 
 
 Hi 
 
 i* 
 
 iui%ki*i%t±iai 
 
 ^'*"^""»'"''