/ 
 
 THH 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 SHORT METHOD 
 
 REV. W. A. P. MARTIN. D. D, 
 
 TIIK AMERICAN PRESMYTKKIAN MISSION. 
 
 SHAF&HAI: 
 
 TRESBYTERIAN MISSION PRESS. 
 
 ITKLIHHED BY THE MISSION. 
 
 1868;
 
 T.HE BIGHT OF REPRIMIM> RESERVED.
 
 PART I. THE METHOD 
 
 For euphony's sake I have called it Short] though in strict- 
 ness, the adjective ought to have been placed in the comparative 
 degree. There is no positively short road to an acquaintance 
 with Chinese. But the method explained and illustrated in the 
 following pages proposes, in some measure, to abridge the labor. 
 
 This it effects in two ways 
 
 First, by furnishing the student with precisely those characters 
 which he needs to know ; 
 
 Secondly, by laying them open to the eye, and impressing them 
 on the memory. 
 
 In neither of these respects does it lay claim to entire origi- 
 nality, nor is it a doubtful experiment. It treads in a safe path, 
 at the entrance of which the natives have planted finger-boards, 
 though they have not pursued it quite as far as we propose to 
 venture. 
 
 They discovered the needle ; it was reserved for others to use 
 it in crossing the ocean. They analyze with beautiful simplici- 
 ty a few scores of family names we seize the hint and launch 
 into the sea of words, confident that it shows us the way to the 
 further shore. They select a thousand characters as a capital 
 for beginners; and with a view to aiding the memory, combine 
 them into verse. We borrow the idea, and duly acknowledging 
 our obligation, proceed, as we believe, to improve upon it. Their 
 thousand were taken at random ; we take twice the number, and 
 select them by a regular process which required years of pains- 
 taking. They govern the distribution by no laws but those of 
 metre. We too arrange them in verse ; but dispose them in such 
 a manner that they are presented to the learner in a steady gra- 
 dation, according to the frequency of their occurrence. These, 
 and other leading features, require further elucidation. 
 
 2005123
 
 2 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 1. The Selection of Characters 
 
 Several years ago I commenced a volume, on a plan somewhat 
 similar to that of the present work. Its progress was interrupted 
 by a voyage to America ; but when I returned. I was enabled to 
 resume the task on a better basis. At first 1 had been guided in 
 the selection of characters by no surer rule than the judgment 
 of a Chinese scribe, who culled them from the pages of K'ang- 
 hi's Dictionary. I was now favored with a list', formed on scienti- 
 fic principles, in which every character was placed with numerical 
 precision according to the frequency of its use. 
 
 For this, I was indebted to Mr. Wm. Gamble, Superintendent of 
 the Presbyterian Mission Press. 
 
 Mr. Gamble prepared it for a purpose very different from mine, 
 viz. to ascertain the proportion in which the several letters would 
 be required in casting a font of metallic type ; and to determine 
 in what order the types should be arranged, so as to bring those 
 in most common use, nearest to the hand of the compositor Both 
 of these ends it succeeded in effecting preventing a waste of 
 metal in casting useless type, and increasing the rapidity of 
 "composition". But it was obvious that a collection arranged 
 with such elaborate care might be adapted to a higher end to 
 save the time expended in learning rare or useless characters, and 
 abbreviate for foreign students, or Chinese pupils the tedious task 
 of acquiring the written language. The process by which these 
 tables were constructed is well stated by Mr. Gamble, in an 
 "Introduction", the greater part of which I take the liberty of 
 transcribing, for the sake of the information it contains. 
 
 "In order to the better understanding of the following lists of 
 selected characters, it is necessary to give some explanation of 
 the manner in which they have been prepared, and of the object 
 which has been kept in view r in their preparation. 
 
 "When the art of printing first sprung up in the Western world, 
 printers found it necessary to compute the relative frequency 
 with which each letter of the alphabet occurred in order to ascer- 
 tain how many type of each sort it would be necessary to cast, so 
 that there should not be too many of one letter and too few of 
 another. Thus for ordinary English book work the proportion 
 of each letter in a fount are, of e 12000, of t 9000, of a 8500, of 
 i n o and a, each 8000, of r 6200 ; while Jc only occurs 800 times, 
 q 500, j and x 400, and z but 200. They also in arranging 
 them in cases, placed those that occurred most frequently in 
 adjoining compartments and near the hand of the compositor, for 
 the purpose of thereby promoting rapidity in the composition or 
 setting up of the type. 
 
 "But in China the use of metallic type has been of such modern
 
 SELECTION OF CHARACTERS. 3 
 
 date, that little has as yet been done towards ascertaining the 
 relative frequency with which characters occur in the general 
 literature of this -peculiar language. This remark holds good 
 even with reference to its christain literature, which is now be- 
 coming pretty extensive, and in which those who are engaged 
 in missionary operations are more particularly interested. In 
 consequence therefore of the want of correct data on which to 
 form a scale, as printers call it, of the characters in the written 
 language, the method hitherto in use, of arranging founts of 
 Chinese metallic type, has been such that not only have the type 
 themselves taken up much room, but the compositor in going from 
 case to case for each type has unavoidably consumed so much 
 time, as thereby to render composition both expensive and tedious. 
 
 "With the view therefore of making some improvement upon 
 the former method of arrangement, as well as of ascertaining 
 how many of the 40919 characters contained in K'ang-hi's Dic- 
 tionary are in common use, especially in the class of books used 
 and published by those engaged in the Missionary work; an 
 examination was made of 4166 octavo pages; including the whole 
 Bible together with twenty seven other publications printed at our 
 press, and embracing in the aggregate nearly one million two 
 hundred thousand characters. In conducting this examination two 
 Chinese scholars were employed for two years each, and it was 
 carried on in such a manner as to secure as much accuracy as 
 possible. The result is shown in the two following lists. 
 
 "The FIRST LIST which is arranged in the usual manner by 
 Radicals and Strokes, contains every character which occurs in 
 the above mentioned books, amounting in number only to 5150 
 different characters. The number of times each of these charac- 
 ters occurred is placed opposite to it in figures, which when added 
 together show an aggregate of 1166473 characters. It may here 
 be proper to add that in the Scriptures containing the total number 
 of 676827 characters there were found 4141 different ones. In the 
 Old Testament there are in all 503663 characters and 3946 different 
 ones; the version used being that printed at the London Mission 
 press. In the New Testament there are in all 173164 characters 
 and 2713 different ones ; the version used being that printed at the 
 Presbyterian Mission press. 
 
 "That so few characters are of general use as is shown by this 
 statement may seem somewhat incredible to those who have not 
 examined the subject, and who having been accustomed to hear the 
 number of characters in the Chinese language stated to be forty to 
 eighty thousand, suppose that in order to be able to read or translate 
 Chinese books, a knowledge of some tens of thousands of characters 
 is absolutely necessary. Our calculations are however corroborated 
 
 by the author of the Chinese work called the ~\ 

 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 Sfiih san king tsih ts who states that the |j Four Books con- 
 
 tain 2328 different characters ; the 77. ^^ five Classics contain 
 2426 different characters which do not occur in the Four Books, 
 and that the whole number of different characters in the Tldrtecn 
 Classics is 6544. This includes 928 rare or obsolete characters oc- 
 
 curring in the HI Jj|i Ready Guide, almost all of which might be 
 omitted, thus leaving less than 6000 characters. 
 
 "The SECOND LIST, like the first one, consists of all the characters 
 different from each other that are to be found in the total number 
 examined, but here it is intended to exhibit them arranged accor- 
 ding to their numerical use, or the relative frequency with which 
 they occur. For this purpose they are divided iutofflccn groups, 
 in each of which is contained all the characters occurring between 
 a certain number of times each, as, between 1000 and 10000 times 
 each, between 900 and 1000 times each, between 800 and 900 
 times each, and so on of the others. The first group, however, 
 has all those that occurred over 10000 times each; and the fifteenth 
 group includes the 850 mentioned above as taken from another 
 list, which ought properly to be placed in a group by themselves. 
 
 "The group the number of different characters in each group 
 their minimum and maximum numbers together with the 
 total number of times that the characters of each group occurred : 
 is shown in the following table: 
 
 Group. No- Different Cha, Min. & Max. Nos. Totals. 
 
 1st. ---- 13 ____ 10000 214156 
 
 2d. _... 224 ____ 1000-10000 563126 
 
 3d. __ 16 ____ 900-1000 15150 
 
 4th. ---- 19 ____ 800 - 900 16344 
 
 5th. ---- 44 ____ 700- 800 32757 
 
 6th. _... 47 __.. 600- 700 31167 
 
 7th. ____ 59 ____ 500- 600 32116 
 
 8th ..... 99 ____ 400- 500 44258 
 
 9th. ____ 112 ____ 300- 400 38024 
 
 10th. ---- 197 ____ 200- 300 47932 
 
 llth. ---- 400 ____ 100- 200 56627 
 
 12th. 207 ____ 75- 100 17637 
 
 13th. ---- 301 ____ 50- 75 18508 
 
 14th. ---- 547 ____ 25- 50 19497 
 
 15th. ---- 3715 1 - 25 19036 
 
 6000 1166335
 
 SELECTION OF CHARACTERS 5 
 
 "As the result of this investigation two most inp rtant facts to 
 the printer are established. FIRST: that five or six thousand well 
 selected characters are sufficient for all practical purposes ; which 
 is, about one-seventh of what is in the language. This has been 
 long known in China, but appears to have been overlooked by 
 those interested in such matters in Europe. SECOND: that a very 
 few characters, from the great frequency with which then occur, 
 constitute the great body of those in a book, and that the great 
 majority occur exceedingly seldom. Thus, as already stated, the 
 first group has 13 characters which were found to occur in the 
 whole number examined 214156 times, which is more than one- 
 sixth of the whole. Again putting the two first groups together 
 there are 237 characters whose sum is 777282, which is consid- 
 erably more than one-half vi the whole. And again putting 
 the first eight groups together we have 521 characters whose 
 sum is 949074, or nearly nine-elevenths of the whole. On the 
 other hand, the last or fifteenth group has (after deducting the 
 850 which should not be in this group) 2865 characters, which 
 were found to occur in the whole number examined 19036 times, 
 or less than one-sixtieth of the whole. And again if we add 
 the fourteenth and fifteenth groups together we have 3410 cha- 
 racters, whose sum is 38533 or only about one-thirtieth of the 
 
 whole. The character <_, Che, alone occurs 4206 8 times which is 
 oftener than the sum total of these 3410 characters. 
 
 "From a knowledge of these facts we have been enabled to ar- 
 range a large fount of Chinese metallic type in so compact a 
 manner that the compositor can reach any type he wants with- 
 out moving more than a step in any direction ; and by having 
 placed, say five hundred, of the most numerous characters toge- 
 ther, he has more than three-fourths of all he uses just under his 
 hand, almost as conveniently as a fount of Roman type are ar- 
 ranged in an English printing office. The result of this arrange- 
 ment has been to render the work of the compositor at least three 
 times as rapid and cheap as it could be done under the old ar- 
 rangement of the fount." 
 
 It is certain that the proportions of Mr. Gamble's list will hold 
 good, with very little alteration, for the entire range of classical 
 Chine.se, all the works examined, having been revised by native 
 writers on classic models; though they would undergo considera- 
 ble modification, if applied to the Mandarin or other vernacular 
 dialects. They not only confirm the observation of that early 
 Sinologue Premare, that "a good knowledge of four or five thou- 
 sand characters is sufficient for all ordinary purposes," but furnish 
 us with a safe guide in selecting that limited number. 
 
 A word as to the form, in which these characters are marshalled.
 
 6 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 Solon published his laws in verse ; and for the same reason a ju- 
 dicious mother makes rhyme the vehicle of her nursery, lessons. 
 We thus remember the length of the months, long lines of kings, 
 and many detached facts, which might long since have been 
 given to the winds, but for the jingling chain that binds them 
 together. Two senseless syllables imprint on the brain the colors 
 of the solar spectrum ; and longer, but equally senseless words 
 serve to fix in memory the classifications of Grammar and the 
 formulas of Logic. How much more powerful the association, when 
 sense, sound and rythm are all combined! We have then a 
 "three-fold cord not easily broken". With such a bond I have 
 sought to connect these pearls, collected as it were from the ocean 
 sands. 
 
 The credit of executing the plan is due, in no small degree, to 
 my Chinese scribe, Ho Sien-sheng, a Bachelor of Nankin ; and what- 
 ever defects attach to mine, I am sure, competent judges will a- 
 gree that he has performed his part with exquisite skill. 
 
 He was placed under more embarrassing restrictions than those 
 imposed on themselves by the monkish tritlers of the middle ages, 
 or our own acrostic and alliterative poets of the last two centuries. 
 
 The first law of the composition, as of its native model, the 
 
 -p -^r- ;5 Ts'-ien is wen, was that each word should occur but once. 
 
 The second, that he should confine himself to two thousand cha- 
 racters previously collected. 
 
 The third, that this limited number was to be subdivided into 
 parcels of a few hundreds each, beyond which he was not at liberty 
 to expatiate. 
 
 With all these disadvantages to contend against, in addition to 
 the restraints of verse, Ho Sien-shcng has succeeded in producing 
 a poem, the first half of which is almost as lucid and free, as it 
 could have been, if the treasures of the Lexicon had been placed 
 at his disposal. The latter part, from the nature of the case, is 
 a little more obscure, but it reflects no less credit on the ingenui- 
 ty of the composer. 
 
 The author of the Ts'ien is iven, if tradition is to be believed, 
 might have adopted the language of the Prisoner of Chillon. 
 
 "My hair is grey; but not with years, 
 Nor grew it white 
 In a single night 
 As men's have grown from sudden fears". 
 
 They "grew white in a single night", but it was in consequence 
 of the exertion required in arranging in a poetical form, a thousand 
 arbitrary words a task imposed on him by a despotic master. Ho
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 7 
 
 . 
 
 and I, who onl}* funyor vice cotis, may not exhibit the same out- 
 ward demonstration of our labors ; but we have experienced e- 
 nough to believe the story of our predecessor in the thorny 
 path * 
 
 II. The Analysis of Characters. 
 
 The object of this part is to introduce the foreign learner to 
 the orthography of the language, and to supply the Chinese with 
 what they have never had a Spelling Book. 
 
 The want of that elementary manual, may excite Surprise, 
 but the reason is obvious. Their language, is not, as ours, essen- 
 tially phonetic ; and the analysis of its sounds affords no clue to 
 the composition of its characters. With us orthoepy and orthog- 
 raphy are intimately connected, and mutually aid each other, though 
 they are far from coinciding. In China, they altogether part 
 company; one speaks wholly to the ear, the other addresses 
 
 itself entirely to the eye. The system of fan ts'ih ^ yfy relates 
 to the former; the latter, which is incomparably more difficult, 
 has to be learned without the aid of any system. The dictionary 
 presents each character as a whole, and sometimes gives its com- 
 ponent parts by way of conjecture as to its origin. But a simple 
 manual, which proceeds from the parts to the whole, presenting 
 first the elements, and then the words resulting from their com- 
 bination, is still a desideratum. 
 
 There is proof too, that the want has been felt; at least in 
 one small class of words : and in the same contracted corner, an 
 expedient has sprung up which is worthy of being employed on 
 a more extended scale. Custom requires the Chinese, on meet- 
 ing to ask each other for their family names ; but many of them 
 being similar in sound, as among ourselves, Lee, Lea, Me. Lean, 
 Me. Lain, Mac. Lane, &c. it was found difficult to understand the 
 answers without some further description. Thus : 
 Q. What is the name of your illustrious family'? 
 
 Ans. The mine of my ignoble line is Chang. 
 Q. How is it written? 
 
 Ans. It is Stand up early chang, not long low chang\ i. e. it is 
 
 the chang composed of J^ and ^p. no t that composed of ^7 and 
 ~^ '. it is 5fr not *jf| e 
 
 * A native author thus relates the origin of that curious work. 
 

 
 ANALYTICAL HEADER 
 
 The Chings and Changs are by this means distinguished into 
 numerous clans, each wearing its own livery. 
 
 The following is a table of the surnames, which are thus fami- 
 liarly analyzed. 
 
 FAMILY NAMES ANALYZED. 
 
 A 
 
 JZ. 
 
 e 
 A 
 
 It 
 
 A 
 
 A. 7|C 
 
 Hf 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 ffi 
 
 yi 
 
 
 II
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 -gf 
 
 P x J ft 
 
 0P & 77 # A 
 
 A 
 
 This is Spelling ; and if w^m<?5 are thus spelled out, in order to 
 enable the hearer to write them properly, why may not other 
 characters be subjected to the same treatment? The majority 
 are capable of a neat division into two or three elements, each 
 of which is a distinct whole having its own sound and sense. 
 In this case there can hardly be a doubt as to the advantage of 
 applying the solvent. 
 
 But there are cases in which its expediency is less clear. 
 Where an element is neither an integer nor a radical, I have some- 
 times thought it worthy of separate attention, on account of its fre- 
 quent occurrence in other combinations. And again where these 
 imperfect elements closely resemble certain characters; as the 
 
 parts of j^; differ but slightly from \-\ Ke'u and ^ Shu, I 
 have thought it safe to borrow the names of those characters 
 for the sake of preserving the recollection of that resemblance, 
 leaving the difference to be learned by observation. It is better 
 to run the risk of learning them with a trifling error than not to 
 
 learn them at all. So the natives have thought, who give _| jjp 
 
 as the components of |)^ and j I /^ as those of ^^ o 
 
 I may as well remark here, that the whole design of this little 
 manual is to aid the student in getting the characters as they are 
 now written ; not to serve him as a guide to their etymology. For 
 that, he must penetrate deeper than the forms of the living present, 
 exhume fossils, pursue them through successive ages, and divers 
 meta.norphoses ; and then become acquainted, not with families, as 
 in the languages of western Ada, but with individuals, an employ- 
 ment certainly not the most edifying for a beginner. Our analy- 
 sis will familiarize him with the composition of characters ; but it
 
 10 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 will be for the vulgar end of enabling him to read and write, not 
 the gratification of philological curiosity. It agrees in the main, 
 with the distinction of radicals and primitives ; but it does not pro- 
 ceed on it as a basis, because that would be fatal to the end in view, 
 which be it remembered, is orthography not etymology. This 
 compels us to place the upper element before the lower, and 
 the left before the right, irrespective of the position of the radical^ 
 because this is the order which the natives observe in writing. 
 
 To begin with the radical, would be like spelling an English 
 word by beginning with the root or suffix. Again, in dissecting 
 characters with this view, it is of less moment to hit the joints 
 than to divide them in such a manner that they may readily be 
 recomposed. It is easier to spell cij-clops, than cycl-ops 
 
 III. The Translation. 
 
 A translation injurious to a lad, may be highly beneficial to a 
 person of mature judgment. It is for such only, that the present 
 is made ; and for so terse a composition, something of the kind is 
 not merely a convenience, but a necessity. The style is exceedingly- 
 elliptical, and with all the aid of native teachers, and dictionaries, 
 the learner would be liable to lose the meaning of many a sentence. 
 This translation, though not superseding those indispensable aux- 
 iliaries, is so constructed, as in a degree, to perform the office of 
 both. 
 
 The mode of rendering is determined by the end propo- 
 sed. If that were to introduce the reader, to a Chinese poem, I 
 should choose those expressions best suited to represent its thoughts 
 and spirit. But the end is the study of words ; and this obliges 
 me redder e verbum verbo. 
 
 As far as the sense would admit, I have given only the funda- 
 mental significations, leaving the reader to infer those that are 
 
 collateral and derivative. For instance, Q^ is rendered life; and 
 this places him in possession of its other meanings, such as live, alive, 
 to beget, bear, be born &c. Each character, in general, ma" thus 
 play several parts appearing without any change of form, as a 
 substantive, adjective, verb, or adverb, according to its position in 
 a sentence a feature of the language, which makes the knowledge 
 of two thousand an important acquisition. 
 
 Words introduced to complete the sense, excepting particles and 
 pronouns, are printed in italics. 
 
 The order of the text has been strictly adhered to, and each 
 line represented by a verse in the translation ; so that the reader 
 can easily ascertain what words and characters correspond an 
 arrangement which renders it equally available for a student of 
 either language.
 
 MODE OF STUDY 11 
 
 This rule, which in any language would be fatal to the elegance 
 of a translation, is peculiarly embarassing in Chinese ; and while 
 endeavoring to make it strictly literal it has sometimes been ne- 
 cessary to neglect a grammatical idiom in order to give due relief 
 to the idea of each particular character. 
 
 IV. The mode of study. 
 
 The student may learn the characters from the simple text by 
 the help of the translation, and the elements from the table in 
 Part III. marking opposite to each its sound as given by a Chinese 
 teacher according to the dialect which he desires to cultivate. 
 When the first chapter is completed, some book, say the christain 
 
 r A 4 tfTff 
 
 _ - -J- ipiji which is much easier than the native work of the same 
 name, or one of the Gospels, may be taken up by way of practice. 
 The student will be surprised to find himself already in possession 
 of more than one half of the characters. On completing the 
 second chapter, he would have more than nine tenths, and on ar- 
 riving at the end of the fourth chapter, he will make the pleasing 
 discovery that in any ordinary book the unknown characters 
 are few. 
 
 The reading of native tracts on moral subjects* will then prove 
 an agreeable pastime ; and the Confucian Classics, with this pre- 
 paration, will be found less arduous than they are usually regarded. 
 
 In order to acquire a thorough mastery of these staple charac- 
 ters, it would be well for the student to proceed to Part III, and 
 apply himself to their orthography. For this purpose he should 
 prepare a blank book ruled in columns answering to the vertical 
 lines of the Chinese. In this the sounds and sense of the charac- 
 ters, and their elements should be written down ; placing the ele- 
 ments first. Thus: 
 
 Yih 
 One 
 
 Huh 
 
 Wood 
 
 We 
 
 Not-yet &c. 
 
 One or two lines might he taken as a lesson; the sounds com- 
 mitted to memory precisely as a column in an English spelling 
 book; and the characters recomposed by combining the elements. 
 
 * The following are some of the most elegant and popular. 
 
 -p J * J. -*-l|1 
 
 ~\~ ^ft- 0"l Ghu-ts 1 Family Monitor. 
 
 tit fin Kwan-ti's Classic for Wakening the World. 
 t=El PH B^ X Wen-changes Essay on Providence. 
 r M HH fiit T'-ai-shancfs tract on Retribution. 
 
 1 ^ /A t^ni V\ii /rrW ^ 
 
 Dissuasive Essay on the Drowning of Daughters.
 
 12 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 It should not be regarded as learned until all the characters can 
 be reproduced from the written sounds, without reference to the 
 printed text. To aid in fixing these select characters in the 
 mind, at once and forever, a kind of mnemonics will be found of 
 great service. The student should invent them for himself; 
 seizing on any association, however absurd, which may happen 
 to strike his fancy. The following may serve as specimens. 
 
 MNEMONICS. 
 
 The ONLY needful an excellent heart. 
 ' /\. GREAT one-man, the Emperor. 
 
 HEAVEN the one great. 
 
 The EARTH is earth. 
 Vm ^K {JL A POND is water. 
 
 The SEA water evert/where. 
 
 AUTUMN fire in the rice fields. 
 j3iL ^p P GOOD a lamb-like mouth. 
 
 - i J i * * WW * Y 
 
 -HP. 4H ./(_ EVIL an inferior heart. 
 
 /vk ^fyfC /J> PROHIBITION showing two trees and forbidding one . 
 
 'it J \$ ffi. NATURE the heart born with us. 
 
 |Hp yCW.lt SMOKE (of opium) the fire of the western dirt. 
 3 f!f yX A LAWSUIT words between two dogs. 
 
 EH P 1C The SAGE a prince with ear and mouth i. e. a 
 
 great teacher. 
 
 The Chinese see in,^ a resemblance to Hi] and describe it 
 as m|r ^ma we] why may not we, in Jf<J to COME, see /y\ y\. ~p 
 
 three men coming to a cross road ? In'fjt to FOLLOW, see -f^ p 
 /#e men following an augur &c.'? 
 
 Associations arbitrary and ludicrous are sanctioned by native 
 usage ; and the foreign student would do well not to despise them. 
 
 When the two thousand characters are thoroughly mastered, it 
 will be of great advantage to go over them, writing under each 
 such others as may be connected with it, by regular derivation,
 
 MOUE OV STUUV 13 
 
 or casual resemblance. Thus: 
 
 7\< Suggests ^ T|C ft. IJfc }?]< ffi &o. 
 
 n &c. 
 
 Tn . Sir Is M &c. 
 
 The habit of thus grouping on a familiar basis, all the charac- 
 ters, the student may be able to recall, will augment the amount 
 of his treasures, and confirm him in their possession. In this 
 manner, the original number may easily be tripled or quadrupled. 
 
 An appropriate sequel to the study of these common characters, 
 will be that of the several styles in which they are written. 
 These are six in number. 
 
 . j.. 
 
 1. 7|v Hf The clear square letter usually preferred in books, 
 and so called from the dynasty of Sung, under which it came in 
 vogue in connexion with the art of printing, then first invented. 
 
 -J.I-H " 1 1. 
 
 2. fj ^ The Pattern st}-le the happy mean between the stiff 
 sharp angles of the foregoing, and the wavy, flowing, but uncertain 
 lines of the two following. The most important documents are 
 always engrossed in Kiai-shu ; and large works are frequently 
 printed in it. 
 
 3. ^~f ^ Running-hand that employed in ordinary business. 
 
 4. Jtpf m The grass letter running hand run wild, so as to 
 resemble entangled grass . Though courtesy requires the scholar to 
 apply the name of fs'ati is as a depreciative epithet to any spe- 
 cimen of his own chirography; to attain grace and ease in the 
 management of this style is an object of ambition. 
 
 "jH-ia. _rrlr<. 
 
 5- ^K Ha" an ornamental hand formerly employed in engrossing 
 official documents, whence the name ; though for that purpose, it 
 has now given place to the Kiai-shu. It is still much used how- 
 ever, for scrolls, monumental inscriptions, and book-prefaces. 
 
 6- iifc Hi by foreigners called the Seal character on account of 
 its most frequent use. It is also much used for inscriptions on 
 monuments and in adorning the title pages of books. 
 
 The 1st. 2nd. and 5th. stand related to each other somewhat 
 as the Roman, Italic, and Black-letter of our letter press.
 
 14 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 The 3rd., 4th., and 6th., may be compared to the Round 
 hand, Running hand, and German text of our chirograph}'. But 
 while, in our own printing and penmanship ; all tbc varieties may 
 be learned, by a little attention to the comparison of a few forms; 
 to acquire a knowledge of the different styles in Chinese, is a 
 labor of more difficulty. It requires the careful comparison of 
 of some hundreds of leading forms, and in addition to this, the 
 aid of constant practice. 
 
 But this is a task which the student will hardly feel himself 
 at liberty to decline. For without it, he is liable to be confound- 
 ed, not merely confused, by constantly meeting his old friends 
 in new disguises. Not only will he be perplexed by inscriptions 
 on monuments, which he meets in travelling, 'and the prefaces 
 or title-pages of elegant works; but the proclamation of a man- 
 darin, the bill of a shop-keeper, or the letter of a native friend, 
 will prove an annoying puzzle. The foreign student of German 
 may indulge his tastes, without troubling himself to decipher 
 reams of handschrift ; but if resident on the banks of the Rhine he 
 would find it somewhat inconvenient not to be able to learn for 
 himself the contents of a familiar note. For the resident in China, 
 the styles of business and correspondence are equally indispen- 
 sable. 
 
 The six styles are arranged in the order of their importance. 
 The first is that used in the text and analysis ; and the reader 
 will have the advantage of seeing it in at least two sizes of type. 
 
 Of the others, specimens and exercises are included in Part 
 III. and for materials to practice on, the learner needs be at 
 no loss. Monuments, sign-boards, prefaces, and letters old ones 
 which a native friend may submit to his perusal will all come to 
 his aid and further his progress. 
 
 VI. Use in Schools. 
 
 With us the first stages in climbing the hill of knowledge are 
 so gentle that the young scholar saunters on unconscious of effort. 
 In China they are so precipitous, that a large proportion of those 
 who attempt the ascent, fall back in despair. To grade the steep, 
 facilitate the acquisition of the elements of education, and pro- 
 mote the efficiency of Christian schools was my prime object in 
 preparing the Chinese portion of this work. 
 
 Via trita via tuta is a good maxim ; but it should not prevent us 
 mending the "old paths". That they have been trodden by the 
 feet of millions is no evidence that they are incapable of improve- 
 ment. Foreigners in China have not felt compelled to use wood- 
 en blocks in printing their books, just because the Chinese have 
 done so ever since the invention of printing. And if metallic
 
 1'KE IN SCHOOLS 15 
 
 types and revolving presses are improvements on the native mode 
 of manufacturing books, why should it be taken as a foregone con- 
 clusion that the foreigner can suggest no better method for ac- 
 quiring a knowledge of their contents? 
 
 Is it not a fact that the majority of pupils in Chinese schools, 
 never succeed in learning to read and write 1 And is it not an 
 equally significant fact, that the man who can read fluently, and 
 write correctly is regarded as a scholar? The apparatus for ob- 
 taining knowledge passes for learning, and rudiments are esteem- 
 ed accomplishments. 
 
 To a certain extent this is owing to the difficulty of the writ- 
 ten language, which is not much easier for the native, than it is 
 for the foreign student; but it is due in part to imperfections in 
 the method of teaching. 
 
 A boy of eight summers attired for the occasion, in robes of 
 ceremony, selecting a lucky day, enters on the career of a schol- 
 ar, by doing obeisance to his teacher, and kneeling before the 
 picture of Confucius. A book is placed in his hands, and he is 
 taught the sounds of some half a dozen characters. These learn- 
 ed, he hands the book to the teacher, and turning his back recites 
 his lesson in a sing-song tone, keeping time like a pendulum by 
 the vibrations of his body. Day after day, he goes on cramming 
 his memory with sounds and forms until he can patter off the 
 Four Books and the Book of Odes as glibly as a breviary. But 
 all this time he has not obtained the glimmering of an idea. Ho 
 has got the symbols of thought, but not the thoughts. 
 
 This ordeal passed, he is deemed worthy of initiation into high- 
 er mysteries. The veil is gradually withdrawn, and a ray of light 
 shed on each of those dull figures, kindling them into life, and 
 transforming empty sounds into the articulate voices of human 
 language. 
 
 The intellect of the lad feels the stimulus, and wakes as from 
 a hibernation ; while his faculties unfold like the buds of Spring. 
 Reading becomes a pleasure ; and he delights to employ those 
 signs not till now significant for the expression of his own 
 thoughts. 
 
 But how many youth are compelled by poverty to quit school 
 before the dawn of this cheering period ! And how many more 
 toil on for years in unalleviated darkness because they are too 
 dull to complete the preliminary process to the satisfaction of their 
 teachers ! What would be thought of the school-master who should 
 compel his pupils to commit the Iliad to memory before transla- 
 ting a line? Yet this is precisely the time-honored system of the 
 Chinese; and it is doing it no wrong to charge it with perpetra- 
 ting the crime of mental infanticide on an enormous scale.
 
 10 ANALYTICAL KEADKU 
 
 A partial remedy applied in man} 7 mission schools, is 'to require 
 the teacher to deviate so far from the beaten track as to connect 
 the sense of each character with its form and sound in the very 
 commencement of his instructions. A further melioration would 
 be to furnish the student with a selection of those characters in 
 most common use, as the readiest way to the treasures of know- 
 ledge ; and to teach him from the first to spell each one as an aid to 
 memory, and a preparation for writing. 
 
 How far the first of these conditions will be met by the follow- 
 collection may be inferred from the account already given of the 
 principles on which it is formed, and whether the second will be 
 answered by the analytical method, may also be inferred from the 
 explantion on a previous page. It only remains therefore, to add 
 an observation or two in regard to the mode of teaching. 
 
 Who of us does not remember the young emulation which im- 
 pelled us to learn pages of words, before we had any appreciation 
 of their value, merely from the hope of standing at the head of a 
 spelling-class? How intense the feeling grew when the school 
 was divided into parties, and the combatants entered the lists two 
 and two; the victorious boy, wearing his honors as proudly as a 
 champion of the ring ! 
 
 The Chinese system of education is not destitute of this stimu- 
 lus. The more advanced students contend for academic and civil 
 honors with an ardor unsurpassed in any country. But it is want- 
 ing at that stage, at which an incentive is most needed. In the 
 early portion of his course, each pupil pursues a solitary path, re- 
 ceives instruction alone, and recites alone, knowing little and cur- 
 ing less as to the progress of his fellows. In most primary schools, 
 the class organization is wholly unknown, and the teacher repeats 
 for each individual an amount of toil which would suffice for a 
 whole form. By this mode of spelling these inconveniences may 
 be obviated the spur applied to the pupil, and labor saved to the 
 teacher : classes may be formed, and recitations conducted pre- 
 cisely as in an English school, though in learning their lessons, pu- 
 pils will require an amount of oral instruction, which is not called 
 for in a language whose orthography is more purely phonetic. 
 
 An experiment made in our mission school while these sheets 
 were passing through the press has proved highly satisfactory. 
 In the morning, the teacher calls a class before him and gives 
 them the sound and sense of the characters and their elements, 
 and then requires them to copy the lesson into a book provided 
 for the purpose in order to impress it on the memory, and accus- 
 tom them to writing. In the afternoon he summons them to re- 
 cite. He pronounces a character of the text, and the first pupil 
 responds by giving its elements. The next character is analy-
 
 USE IN SCHOOLS 17 
 
 zed by the second boy. and so on, until some one makes a mistake; 
 when the character is passed on, and the boy who succeeds in 
 spelling it correctly is promoted to the place of him who tailed. 
 
 The exercise proves novel and exciting; and some of the bovs 
 who previously appeared indifferent as to progress, have begun to 
 apply themselves with diligence. Memoriter recitation, defini- 
 tion of characters, translation into the Mandarin or vernacular 
 dialect, and writing on the black-board, are additional exercises 
 in which it is sought to inspire the pupils with the same emula- 
 tion, and so render their progress pleasant as well as thorough. 
 
 1 conclude this introduction with a statement of Ching Sien- 
 x/wnff, a Nankin Siu-ts'ai, who is in charge of the school. "Since 
 having the care of a school, I have often grieved over the difficul- 
 ty experienced by young pupils in learning the points and strokes 
 of our letters. Lately however a work has been prepared, entitled 
 Jin-is-sing-fah-" K new Method for Learning Characters". The 
 method consists in resolving one character into several, and com- 
 bining several into one. The most frequent characters in the 
 Four Books and Five Classics are thus elucidated, so that the stu- 
 dent not only learns them with little trouble, but gets at the ideas 
 which gave birth to the characters. Moreover in learning one, he 
 obtains a knowledge of three. I have employed this method in 
 the instruction of my pupils and found it both expeditious and 
 thorough ". * 
 
 Part TIT. is published in a separate form for the use of schools.
 
 PART 11. 
 THE TEXT AND TRANSLATION. 
 
 CONSTANT CHARACTERS, A COUPLE OF 
 THOUSANDS, 
 
 NOTE. . 
 
 Chap I. Contains 237 characters which occur, from 1000, to 
 10000 times, in the books examined, and the three following 
 
 from the next group. -% Jj^ Hpj 
 
 Chap II. Contains 587 characters which occur from 200 to 
 1000 times, with the addition of the five following from the 
 
 next groups. % j& j(H$ Bl 
 
 Chap III. Contains 570 characters, which occur from 75 to 
 
 200 times, and six additional from the next groups. ~>f|f J.-J %p 
 
 Chap IV. Contains the the most frequent characters in the 
 remaining groups, with an intermixture of useful characters com- 
 piled from other sources in all 608. See page 4. 
 
 The sum total of the four chapters is 2016. 
 
 The sounds are given according to the current Mandarin. 
 
 The vowels are those of the German, except that i and e before 
 n and ng have the force of i in fin, and u in fun, s, is, ch, and sh 
 standing alone, have a strong sibillation, as in rats, church, pass, hush 
 whenthe sound is prolonged. 
 
 The Greek aspirate represents a breathing, which can only be 
 learned from the living teacher.
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 tl 
 vih 
 
 ehang 
 
 sue 
 
 J- shcng I jih >JJ^ yih 
 
 Joining jjfylih fipho 
 lai Afc tsuli 
 
 fuh 
 
 -frku 
 
 ffi i 
 
 
 - we 
 yih 
 chen 
 shin 
 
 wuh 
 to 
 
 fj|J ts'ien -^sien iTJ^ptsiang :'^ ni; 
 
 ' ^ hi 
 i n*i7 ^ K*"y ^ 
 
 Jl han S ^?C t'icn 
 ti 
 
 
 wane 
 
 7ijf mi "g 
 ch'u 
 
 ki 
 
 ch 
 yuih 
 
 fu 
 
 wu 
 
 sheng 
 
 ki 
 hi 
 
 p* ts'ien ; ffi l r 
 pah 
 
 yii 
 
 wo 
 
 ts
 
 CHAPTER. I. 
 
 DISCOURSES OF THE ANCIENT BEGINNINGS. 
 
 Creation 
 
 1. 
 
 Not-yet to life were people come, 
 Before existed the Supreme Ruler, 
 Only One True God, 
 
 * * 
 
 No holy one can compare with him. 
 
 i 
 
 2. 
 
 Six days he mightily wrought, 
 First divided Heaven and Earth, 
 Myriads of things multiplied (0), 
 Both rare AND strange. 
 
 3. 
 
 Then also tempered clay, 
 Intending to make a spiritual being, 
 Decreed his place in the bestowed possession, 
 By thousands and hundreds all things gave. 
 
 4. 
 
 Again he sent one to order the family, 
 Woman (0) went to serve him, 
 And calling him, said, "Husband, 
 Thou and I are as one self".
 
 21 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 
 wu 
 
 pub 
 
 1=1 
 
 shan 
 
 t'ing 
 ~J - sheu 
 
 7 8 
 
 .-3 kau FP cbung yY i 
 yuin lit chuan ;"$/ ch 
 
 hwoh 
 
 tang 
 
 kien 
 
 wen 
 yien 
 mo 
 na 
 
 
 tab 
 
 yang 
 
 sn 
 
 chang 
 
 zth . 
 
 >f JL 
 
 tan 
 
 ai 
 
 shin 
 niib 
 sab 
 
 tih 
 
 lib 
 
 ma 
 
 Jt. ., 
 
 Slh 
 
 mmg 
 
 fJ tsih 
 
 u 
 
 shue 
 
 X
 
 n:\xsr.A-noN 22 
 
 The Fall. 
 
 5. 
 
 Of all which they desired 
 There was nothing not instantly granted, 
 Yet wished they the good and evil/rmY, 
 They must-not listen to the hand's taking it 
 
 6. 
 
 One informed them saying "Can eat, 
 Perhaps you ought to see"- (0), 
 They heard the words, felt and topk, 
 Getting sin was because-of this. 
 
 7. 
 
 Their second son b Abel ' (2) 
 Sheep offered, with a believing heart, 
 Their elder (longer) son, as elder-brother, 
 Vengefully killed him; thus it is till now. 
 
 8. 
 
 So caused that race, 
 Solely to rest in gain and name, 
 To love the body and dote-on beauty, 
 Multiply horses and gather gold. 
 
 9. 
 
 The Father's mind was-not as formerly, 
 His servant already clearly-sair, 
 Then from that time, 
 The great waters to the four quarters went.
 
 _.J 
 
 ANALYTICAL RBADER 
 
 10 11 
 
 C kiiin te|* kii 
 
 sah ^/\. pah 
 
 ts'iiin |>fp ts'ung 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 jpt]' ho 
 
 fila 
 
 cli'ai 
 k'iiin 
 
 ti 
 
 kwe 
 
 fang 
 
 koh 
 
 tsah 
 
 t'img 
 
 toh 
 kiau 
 
 teng 
 
 ^j kien 
 J= P u 
 
 sau 
 
 kia 
 
 kiang 
 hia 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ^H*. ni 
 
 tt 
 
 shili 
 
 men 
 
 cli 
 
 tien 
 
 tsai 
 hwe 
 sheu 
 shu 
 
 14 
 
 ,-<iang 
 voli 
 
 ~>j 
 
 1 
 
 shew 
 
 shih
 
 TUANSLATIOX 
 
 10. 
 
 Whirled, scattered, the whole world died 
 Why ask for classes and companies! 
 But those who turned to the square shelter, 
 Then were the same-with righteous men. 
 
 11. 
 
 The dwellers eight, their followers 
 (the animals) were by sevens, 
 Each drew them into the gate. 
 
 Redemption. 
 
 12. 
 
 Therefore again, He watched-over taught, 
 And greatly adding to the world's happiness, 
 Sent dow r n Jesus, (2) 
 He is really the Saving Lord. 
 
 13. 
 
 In rank, the midst OF Three, 
 
 In relations he came-out OF the Five, d 
 
 In the flower of his years, came- to the temple, 
 
 In the assembly, * he received the books. 
 
 14. 
 
 He joined in covenant many scholars, 
 Certainlyunderstoodprinciplesandnumbers, 
 Regulated rites, observed laws, 
 And controlled his twelve disciples.
 
 ANALYTICAL IUCADKU 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 kia 
 ch'eng 
 
 El y 
 
 i 
 
 tau 
 
 yau 
 t'ai 
 kwoh 
 
 nai 
 shan 
 
 lieu 
 chang 
 JTj chau 
 chu 
 
 A 
 W 
 -t
 
 TRAXSLVTFOX 2G 
 
 15. 
 
 Jerusalem 7 and Capernaum, a city and town, 
 To Babylon and Media were ways and roads, 
 Judea (2) was a kingdom (0), 
 Sinai (0) a mountain (0). 
 
 16. 
 
 A King, yet (and) meek and gentle, 
 The after chapter illustrates these. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 a. (0) Marks the place of an expletive, which is untranslatable. 
 . (2) indicates that two characters are rendered by one word. 
 
 ( ) indicates that the word enclosed is the usual rendering, or 
 an obvious explanation. 
 
 b. Lit. middle propagation. 
 
 c. In Foreign names, the characters stand only for syllables. 
 
 Those for Abel, are Jj_g inferior or secondly, and'fpj lord ov uncle. 
 
 d. The j~L\n five social relations. 
 
 The "flower of his years" at the age of twelve. 
 e. The Synagogue. Luke IV. 16. 
 /. In names, the first or last character is frequently taken for 
 
 the whole. The following are the significations of those in 
 
 this verse 
 
 vfj cold, :j/JD a Budhist deity, \^a, handful, gripe or Mow, ^t rice, 
 ||f like, yet, ^ great, huge, ^ west, Jj (0).
 
 27 
 
 AXALYTKJAI, JiKADKH. 
 
 tu 
 
 
 
 mu 
 
 ying 
 
 mo 
 
 cluing 
 
 Inn 
 
 ye 
 
 sheh 
 ko 
 
 7j< ch'eng 
 t'au 
 
 mung 
 siien 
 tai 
 shuh 
 
 sheng 
 
 ch'eng 
 
 r ., 
 
 ink? 111 
 
 lib 
 
 nan 
 
 sah 
 
 hien 
 
 kung 
 
 > shau 
 siau 
 tai 
 
 chue 
 kiiih 
 pen 
 ts'u 
 
 lien 
 
 chu'e 
 
 ^III 
 
 pi || hihng '|7 - sing 
 
 ju jp2p kiau 
 
 ^^M* 
 
 ts'au 
 
 ts'en 
 yuen 
 
 wC kan 
 
 hwoh 
 ch'an 
 nan
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 TREATS OF THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY, 
 
 Leading Topics. 
 
 1. 
 
 Himself a formed a skin tabernacle, 
 Pardoned transgression, succored refugees, 
 In the chosen's (2) stead paid ransom 
 His fame and praise become more high. 
 
 2. 
 
 He fully passed-through bitter hardships, 
 Displayed complete his meritorious toil, 
 Pursuing HIS original beginning, 
 We will condescendingly instruct you (2). 
 
 3. 
 
 His mother (2) Joseph's wife, 
 Of few years and small, waiting marriage % 
 Was of lily face and habitually correct, 
 Her fragrant nature incomparably refined. 
 
 4. 
 
 Having/rowi a dream conceived, 
 
 She suddenly gave-birth to a male heir.
 
 29 
 
 ANALYTIC' \L HEADER 
 
 tun 
 
 kiai 
 
 heu 
 
 hwang 
 
 tsue 
 Jin 
 
 kiiing 
 
 - tsoh 
 moh 
 
 kiiing ^f 
 
 kwang 
 
 ts'iang 
 
 an 
 hu 
 
 kueii 
 fan 
 
 ts'au 
 shih 
 
 sheng 
 
 t n eu 
 
 vuen 
 
 king 
 
 ts'ang 
 
 hing 
 
 chau 
 
 hi oh 
 lau 
 
 hien 
 sheu 
 kii 
 
 mien 
 
 hing 
 tsai 
 
 
 han 
 hu 
 
 1 
 
 chun 
 
 hwe 
 kai 
 wu 
 tsMh 
 
 tsiu 
 
 ypf ho 
 
 p r ang 
 
 moli
 
 THAN.SLATlOX 30 
 
 His Infancy. 
 
 5. 
 
 From the Eastern border, friendly Masters. 
 
 / / 
 
 The host of lights minutely beholding, 
 Approach the room, humbly arrive, 
 Bow-down and worship according-to order. 
 
 6. 
 
 The king (2) was most unfeeling, 
 Each door he cruelly punished, 
 At night late (deep) Joseph dashed afar, 
 And flying the region hid his person. 
 
 7. 
 
 Waiting till the prince deceased (2), 
 He led his relations and returning stopped, 
 Yet afraid-of a compulsory summons, 
 Escaping bore away the child and went. 
 
 8. 
 
 When a beast is old, his hide is bare/ 
 When a dragon appears, his head is raised, 
 Escaped (a voided) (0)! how fortunate (0)! 
 Originally he has no end or beginning. 
 
 His Baptism. 
 
 9. 
 
 Towards the desert John cried, 
 Repent, reform, take-care to be earnest. 
 Christ came to baptism at the river's brink, 
 Observed the rite, and did not transgress*
 
 31 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 10 
 
 P 1 
 shu 
 
 kih 
 ko 
 
 If 
 
 TP* 
 
 shih 
 k'eu 
 we 
 yiiih 
 
 feu 
 
 tuan 
 
 11 
 
 11 5 
 
 ch'ang 
 
 mo 
 
 ch 
 
 ping 
 
 tseng 
 
 kung 
 uh 
 
 rT'. . 
 
 ^ ts'raig 
 
 wan 
 
 12 
 
 wang 
 
 13 
 fj^siu 
 
 tah 
 t'u 
 pan 
 
 tsun 
 
 yung 
 
 k'iang 
 
 sh 
 
 chili 
 
 Hang 
 
 hii 
 
 fung 
 plj^ 
 
 tsun 
 k f ien 
 
 14 i 
 
 ch'eng 
 
 I lu 
 n. 
 
 T hwan 
 luh 
 
 tsung 
 
 tsih 
 
 t'iau 
 
 kiai 
 
 chang 
 
 tsai 
 
 shuli 
 
 \vu
 
 TRANSLATION 
 
 10. 
 
 He used the parable of a tree bearing fruit; 
 Suiting the mouth it only gives pleasure, 
 Otherwise, totally the blade will-cut it down, 
 Thereon to be handed-over to burning fierce. 
 
 His Temptation. 
 
 11. 
 
 He once met the Devil's trying, 
 Who pointing to loaves, strove to bestow them 
 And carrying him ascended a palatial house, 
 To a lofty wall WAS he led-up. 
 
 12. 
 
 Also bidding him bend-down and look abroad, 
 Exalted glory he forcibly offered (gave). 
 
 13. 
 
 "To cultivate virtue mapping-out its rewards, 
 Makes honesty and rectitude both void. 
 Obeying orders fulfilling my mission, 
 How dare you tempt me"! 
 
 His preaching. 
 
 14. . 
 
 He rode an ass when he rejoiced (2), 
 Together gathered the wise and stupid, 
 The lines of command, spread-out (2), 
 Saying "To rule and govern belongs to me.
 
 AN A't.YTICAI, 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 tiieii 
 
 t& . .. ~-tt- men 
 
 kill 
 
 
 ch'ang ^ 
 tsii 
 
 ching 
 
 tsau 
 hwan 
 / sha 
 chcu 
 
 ch 
 
 hiah 
 
 t.sali 
 
 an 
 
 ., v'tU 
 
 p ih i& 
 
 t'n 
 
 pien 
 cheu 
 
 7 
 
 meh 
 sau 
 
 liu 
 
 lue 
 
 fan 
 
 niau 
 
 sheu 
 
 kuh. 
 rang 
 fuh 
 yiu 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 il ktt 
 sh 
 
 tsai 
 tsiiih 
 
 hau 
 kiah 
 
 fIL ktt 
 
 ch'eu 
 nu 
 ts'ai 
 ku 
 
 X> pmg 
 
 toh 
 
 ch'e 
 
 shuh 
 Avang 
 tsuh 
 we 
 
 trai 
 liai 
 t f i 
 hwen 
 
 kai 
 
 hih 
 
 tsch 
 
 sie 
 
 en
 
 SL \TIOX 
 
 15. 
 
 I attack and smite disobedient opposers, 
 Constantly collect the excellent and brave, 
 Self-will reprove, passion (vapor) rebuke, 
 The secret and dark, to the utmost display." 
 
 16. 
 
 He fell-into plots, and fled d imprisonment, 
 Encountered affliction in the sandy isles,' 
 Generally swayed the lineal descendants, 
 In progressive journeys everywhere circula- 
 ted. 
 
 His Teachings. 
 
 17. 
 
 The flower f tender easily wastes, 
 Wheat in sweeping is certainly retained. 
 Our race is contrary to birds and beasts, 
 Which for grain to nourish do-not grieve. 
 
 18. 
 
 Dread loss, and calamity will-cease, 
 Love war, and confusion comes-with it, 
 If hatred rages, and riches are clutched, 
 Soldiers seize and chariots drive them away. 
 
 19. 
 
 Who forgets him who is enough to be feared? 
 He at-once injures body and soul. 
 You ought to rest-on his protection (2), 
 Dependently thank his grace and goodness.
 
 AXAT.YTIt'AL UEAl>ER 
 
 hioh 
 
 p a i 
 
 ch 
 
 21 
 
 1Z. 
 
 hai 
 
 ko 
 
 ti 
 
 wan 
 
 liang 
 fen 
 
 ^ *w * 
 
 1/1 clmh 
 
 ^C kih 
 
 k*I 
 
 yeh 
 
 ^ suh 
 kH 
 
 li 
 
 muh 
 
 23 
 ^ji pang 
 
 tu 
 sheng 
 
 <m siiih 
 
 m ts'ing 
 
 sue 
 
 ill 
 
 ch 
 
 yang 
 tsan 
 me 
 
 Tlijf k' 1 
 
 wen 
 
 li 
 
 hiang 
 
 li 
 
 t'ung 
 tali 
 
 pan 
 king 
 
 me 
 nian 
 tsien 
 we 
 
 nwa 
 tau 
 
 24 
 
 fan 
 
 meu 
 
 koh 
 
 ts'ing 
 
 kin 
 
 sue 
 ts'un 
 
 kau 
 
 nm 
 
 sih 
 \r hien
 
 TRANSLATION' 36 
 
 20. 
 
 The doctrine distinguishes classes (2), 
 Some in Eden (2), it promises to place, 
 Reverence and deceit, it well divides, 
 To curse forbids, in blessing is extreme. 
 
 His Disciples. 
 
 21. 
 
 By the sea, he called the brothers * (2), 
 They cast-aside their business, hasten to rise, 
 His sandal steps beg to follow, 
 Willing to forsake their neighborhood (2). 
 
 22. 
 
 Their eyes recorded his compassions (2), 
 With a will they spread his praise, 
 Silently memorised the prayer-form, 
 Opened (2) their minds to ancient history. 
 
 23. 
 
 Kingdom, capital, province, metropolis, 
 North and South, they half traversed, 
 Ever thinking* of the blasphemous and false, 
 Reformed, led them, calmed their passions. 
 
 His Ordinances. 
 
 24. 
 
 Burnt males and the cutting of the flesh, 
 By the old ordinance, though retained, 
 Yet lamb, cow, ox, and calf, 
 As gifts, and offerings, what pleasure ?
 
 A?;ALYTICAL HEADER 
 
 25 
 
 tau 
 
 p'u 
 t'au 
 ing- 
 oing 
 
 26 
 
 chu 
 
 ! 
 
 kwe 
 
 ch'eng 
 Jj k'uen 
 
 7| 
 
 p^ cnen 
 , ^ 
 
 si'jen 
 
 k'i 
 lioh 
 ken 
 tsih 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 kwe 
 chuh 
 
 sih 
 chau 
 sue 
 yiiih 
 
 kiai 
 
 tsang 
 
 mo 
 it: 
 
 ts'ing 
 hing 
 
 meng 
 
 fu 
 kih 
 
 ch'uan 
 
 po 
 
 mien 
 
 sih 
 
 cheu 
 ti 
 
 , y u 
 
 tsih 
 
 hwan 
 
 kwan 
 
 hwoh 
 
 H t 
 
 sang 
 
 sh 
 
 tsu 
 han 
 
 sheng 
 p'an 
 hi en 
 
 fan 
 
 kwang 
 
 yuen 
 
 chung 
 
 'uen 
 
 tuh
 
 TRANSLATION 38 
 
 25. 
 
 But private supplication, public prayer, 
 The grape (2), to drink and pour, 
 To open the hall, and sincerely exhort, 
 Adduce evidence, and proclaim the sound { 
 
 His Miracles. 
 
 26. 
 
 Publishing Christ's words, we valueparables 
 His miracles briefly in-turn succeed, 
 He guarded the plant, shepherded thebruised 
 Evening and morning, for years and months; 
 
 27. 
 
 Devils expelled, sickness healed, 
 The unclean released, misery extinguished, 
 The buried in the grave, from slumber rose, 
 Touching his clothes, a woman was cleansed. 
 
 28. 
 
 He visited a boat, on the wave's face 
 And stilled the wind, in the bark's bottom, 
 Recovered sick, around looked-on him, 
 Revived dead, standing-by rejoiced. 
 
 29. 
 
 For help little did he depend-on another, 
 Even the judgment (2) is all his own, 
 He punishes offenders, widely rescues, 
 And weighty authority alone sustains.
 
 ANALYTICAL HEADER. 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 sheng 
 " } in S 
 
 nm P ien 
 
 sai 
 s1? v shoh 
 
 heng 
 hwai 
 
 kun S 
 shun 
 
 wa 
 
 P au 
 nue 
 
 k ' ien 
 
 shu 
 
 ki 
 
 hwe 
 
 tsai 
 kien 
 
 ff ya 
 
 J >> ^ 
 
 Pt ki 
 
 moh 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 fe 
 yuen 
 
 tsung 
 
 tue 
 sue 
 k'i 
 
 / H;T kiai 
 
 pe 
 
 f ^ y 
 
 uh 
 
 pmg 
 
 } 1U 
 
 king 
 
 uui 
 
 lun 
 
 it > iu 
 
 full 
 
 pan 
 10 
 
 tsing 
 chau 
 
 34 
 & 
 
 tung 
 
 i 
 
 k'u 
 
 hiang 
 kung 
 tsiu 
 van 
 
 tsih 
 yiu 
 kau 
 
 tso 
 
 ming 
 liau
 
 TRANSLATION 40 
 
 Firmly guard abundance full, 
 Ever cherish respectful obedience, 
 And outward violence, inward depravity, 
 You almost-certainly (2) fight victoriously. 
 
 Prophecies. 
 
 31. 
 
 In scattered essays, Isaiah spoke, 
 And the record long fore-tokened IT, 
 The demolished tern pie should again be-built, 
 He fore-reckoned (2) the final period. 
 
 32. 
 
 Waste gardens turn to happy ground, 
 Compare (2) the fulfilment-who will despise? 
 In the streets songs, in the vallies answers, 
 Must yield to repeated^ thought. 
 
 His Last Days 
 
 33. 
 
 Artisans, officials, poor and rich, 
 Left and right held near intercourse, 
 To his casual discourses heartily submitted, 
 Their class companions all summoned, 
 
 34. 
 
 Moved together-with the Bridegroom (2), 
 Odours offered, to wine invited, 
 Held oil and anointed him sitting at meat. 
 When flowed his blood, he pitiously cried.
 
 41 
 
 ANALYTICAL UEADEU 
 
 Sill* 
 
 hwe 
 
 yu 
 
 30 
 
 ' tJflll 
 
 ho 
 
 ''& f * 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 tsung 
 
 t 
 
 cliing 
 
 koh 
 po 
 
 ch'ih il&tsu 
 
 pch 
 
 kch 
 
 
 * 
 
 chuh 
 fan 
 
 yau 
 
 fah 
 
 kang 
 
 k\ve 
 tsai 
 
 P^ hoh 
 hianj 
 
 sun 
 {^ tah 
 
 sliuh 
 
 -it i um o- 
 
 hoh 
 
 - k'uh 
 
 .san 
 
 hwe 
 
 yT\ 
 
 lJ 
 
 ch'iuin 
 
 l s 
 
 slianir 
 
 js 
 
 pen 
 
 uh 
 
 A 
 j 
 
 -fc 
 -t-
 
 TRANSLATION 42 
 
 Exhortation. 
 
 35. 
 
 Wisdom as the rain, mercy as the clouds, 
 With thundering horn disseminate, show forth 
 He bore the cross, and of it built an altar, 
 As priests took the ark*, and bore the vessels. 
 
 36. 
 
 Inspect the goods, estimate the silver, 
 The red and white', you must give 
 We have handled important, taken-up lead- 
 ing-topics 
 He is fit to enjoy an ever-lasting throne. 
 
 37. 
 
 His family (2), solitary and insignificant, 
 Grandfather, grandson answer the record 
 May we together obtain conveyance to enter, 
 Where it-is-sworn is no sorrow or weeping. 
 
 38. 
 
 Image likenesses, why dote-on (2), ? 
 Brass, iron, stone, and wood, 
 Begin to be intelligent burst adulterous wiles, 
 Uppermost consider a change of customs.
 
 43 TRANSLATION 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 a. ;|!J usually signifies a near relation but the usage in this 
 place, which is a frequent one, suggests the idea that one's 
 nearest relation is himself. 
 
 Hereafter the pronouns will not be italicised, where they are 
 plainly implied. This first line contains a natural, though 
 inelegant figure for the incarnation. 
 
 b. Lit. letters, -referring to the marriage contract. 
 
 c. The disclosure of Herod's real character. The "dragon" an 
 emblem of the divine, refers to Christ. 
 
 d. t usually means to perish. 
 
 e. "Sandy isles" oases. 
 
 /. Though the following lines are not exact citations of Scrip- 
 ture, the reader will readily recall passages in which the 
 ideas occur. 
 
 g. Lit. Elder brother and Youngw brother. 
 
 h. "Thinking" compassionately. 
 
 t. Contract for | ^ the Happy Sound, the Gospel. 
 There is here an ellipsis, which is readily supplied. 
 j. Lit. nine thoughts. 
 
 k. Lit. Desk. In. S. S. $) JS ar ^ of the covenant. 
 I. "Red and white" Gold and Silver.
 
 CHAPTER III.
 
 45 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 ti 
 
 san 
 
 J|L chang 
 
 If 
 
 i 
 
 , ...i 
 
 hum 
 
 3 
 a 
 
 k'ung 
 sheng 
 
 pau 
 
 k ? ing 
 
 Hang 
 
 ts'ai 
 foh 
 sheu 
 
 
 eu 
 
 tsung 
 
 siiih 
 
 kien 
 
 ]3ku 
 
 p'msj 
 x 
 
 p^> tsung 
 
 me 
 
 sing 
 
 mi 
 
 A 
 
 
 chau 
 
 cheu 
 wan 
 
 tsah 
 
 sheng 
 kiang 
 
 Zl kiiing 
 
 t'ne
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 HUMAN AFFAIRS 
 
 Accountability. 
 
 1. 
 
 Opening the cave, his corpse revived, 
 Spurned the empty air, and rose aloft ? 
 The jewelled throne, he rested-on (2), 
 Trial words, he will-speedily complete. 
 
 2. 
 
 Offences and faults, he judges lightly, 
 Redresses* wrongs difficult and huge, 
 Arouses the blinded, awakes the deluded, 
 And the gloomy palace' withstands (2), 
 
 Diligence. 
 
 3. 
 
 Measuring talents, he commits (2), trusts; 
 Encompasses with wings, supports, holds us, 
 With edicts, prohibitions persuades instructs, 
 Morning and evening mirror yourself in these. 
 
 4. 
 
 The boy's class should-read and recite, 
 Songs select, poems search, 
 Front-teeth and molars, repeat, expound, 
 Remote and near equally generalize'.
 
 47 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 & 
 
 
 
 yiien 
 
 kien 
 
 ing 
 
 6 7 
 
 ping 
 
 chih 
 
 ts'ing 
 
 ts'ung 
 
 8 
 
 ^X chuang 
 
 fl 
 
 n t<ai 
 
 yiL 
 
 [: 
 
 sih 
 AVO 
 
 mien 
 shuh 
 
 kai 
 
 tsah 
 yuh 
 
 suh 
 k'ien 
 Jit hung 
 
 
 hoh 
 _S> tsau 
 choli 
 muh 
 
 tsien 
 
 sih 
 Jan 
 
 tung 
 
 k'ah 
 
 | 
 
 kiau 
 tsung 
 
 siTI, kwe 
 
 sih 
 mau 
 
 kiung 
 
 kien 
 
 p'ien 
 
 yien 
 
 sau 
 niih 
 chung 
 
 kvreng ffitl k'ing 
 
 ~/^ 
 
 k'iung pM t'uh 
 
 t'ang 
 
 han 
 
 to 
 
 luh "* 
 
 k^ing 
 kien 
 t^nan 
 yiu 
 
 IA , . 
 
 ki 
 
 shuh 
 
 hi 
 
 yung 
 
 clii'nn 
 
 slieng 
 tuh
 
 TRANSLATION 48 
 
 . 
 
 5. 
 
 Do-but contemplate infant children, 
 From the womb at-first born and nourished, 
 Impatient for milk, they weep for hunger, 
 On matting sleep, in cotton wrapped. 
 
 6. 
 
 Endowed with talents pure and intelligent, 
 Altogether exclude mixed desires, 
 With the primitive offence greatly tainted, 
 Why-not early wash (2) (foot and head)? 
 
 Youth. 
 
 7. 
 
 Tender youth gradually strengthening, 
 Acquire stains diverse-from lads. 
 Deceit and modesty lurk in the countenance, 
 Terror and laughter hide in the bosom, 
 
 Manhood. 
 
 8. 
 
 Emulation, and pride, are let-loose, 
 To persecute and oppress the helpless poor, 
 IF you abhor falling 7 (2), 
 The instrument and art, how simple! 
 
 Scholars. 
 
 9. 
 
 Learnedly voracious of brief essays, 
 On bench, at feast, some diligently read, 
 Some with harp and sabre restlessly rove, 
 Intent on insulting the careful and solid.
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 kwau 
 
 fan 
 1m 
 s 
 fuh 
 
 fah 
 |H 
 
 sai 
 
 \m Ian 
 sii 
 
 kien 
 
 tseu 
 
 ts ' ih 
 
 1111112; 
 
 keng 
 
 tsah 
 
 Yii^ kwan 
 yien 
 chih 
 
 I 
 
 10 11 |J 12 
 
 i > ri -A^r? 
 
 h y/ ni ^|) kiau 
 
 |tsioh i^fu !jgcli' 8 
 
 0RdP^ 
 ^ kw*ang 
 
 >i$ 
 
 13 
 
 ts'au 
 
 an 
 
 lu 
 
 tsien 
 
 ch'eng 
 
 slieu 
 
 tsih 
 
 king 
 
 tsih 
 heu 
 fung 
 
 H^ 
 ch'eu 
 
 f '" 
 
 kw'a 
 
 fil ki'dh 
 
 kUiih 
 kwe 
 
 t,s r ing 
 
 kung 
 
 Jfll ming 
 liau 
 
 ch 
 chu 
 
 14 
 
 cli'eu 
 
 chih 
 kih 
 
 ts r i';en 
 'J] tau 
 wT hwan 
 
 keu 
 wu 
 \ liau 
 
 lin 
 fan 
 ts'u 
 fu
 
 TRANSLATION 50 
 
 10. 
 
 Corpses with titles, barren mandarins, 
 Some covet bliss and sacrifice to Budh, 
 Of their Pharisee (2) friends, 
 The wheel, they should look-at, upturned*'. 
 
 Husbandmen. 
 
 11. 
 
 In clay and mud running and walking, 
 I stealthy recognize the farmer ploughman, 
 At the pools irrigating, in the mists planting, 
 Brushing-off t lie dews, and trampling the dust 
 
 12. 
 
 In suburban grounds, he gathers and stores, 
 The fruits of successive (2) thick abundance, 
 In the farrow meditates, dreads judgment, 
 Bending kneels, and piously seeks. 
 
 Artisans. 
 
 13. 
 
 Wield the foot-rule, whirl the found-axe, 
 
 Are boastful of heroic steps*, 
 
 Bows, arrows, vessels, materials, 
 
 Fine and coarse, they manufacture or cast. 
 
 Merchants. 
 
 14. 
 
 They refund prices, exhaust payments, 
 Fountain knives 7 surround on-either-hand, 
 IF they should-reflect on the final end, 
 With connected steps, they would run and go.
 
 51 
 
 ANALYTICAL HEADER 
 
 1C 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 i'i 
 
 Am vi 
 |/iii> - 
 
 ih 
 
 ?N 
 
 f *- 
 
 -HiL 
 
 tien 
 
 i 
 
 chang 
 
 kia 
 ts'ih 
 k'an 
 ch'en- 
 
 ah 
 
 kung 
 
 ' . 
 
 mai 
 
 shang 
 
 fan 
 
 k'ioh 
 ying 
 yai 
 tau 
 
 ts'ien 
 wj 
 
 it 
 
 V[^ man 
 
 "li 
 
 Jang 
 
 fan 
 
 \-r> 
 
 V I kiang 
 
 /_L o 
 
 yang 
 
 k'iimg 
 ts'ang 
 
 kwtin 
 yii 
 ts 
 me 
 
 sum 
 
 hiau 
 
 hwan 
 
 pe 
 joh 
 yiu 
 hwe 
 
 chau 
 shwai 
 
 li- 
 
 ft 
 
 ./-!- Jtiil 
 
 ?B(C me Jf pi 
 
 pu 
 
 hu 
 
 kene: 
 
 k'ang 
 ning 
 
 we 
 
 19 
 
 poh 
 hi en 
 cheng 
 cheh 
 
 ho 
 cheng 
 
 p an 
 
 y 
 
 tau 
 
 fung
 
 TRANSLATION' 52 
 
 15. 
 
 At the market corner at the well's brink, 
 Buying and selling is the stranger merchant, 
 He rejects ; or welcomes precipitous islands, 
 The smooth or rough of rivers or oceans. 
 
 16. 
 
 Double, ten-fold, he counts k in his palm, . 
 Tributes and duties are vast and numerous, 
 Of money full, they think-of theft 
 Locate your treasury in the concave azure. 
 
 The Family. 
 
 17. 
 
 Worthy relatives, see acceptance, 
 Brother gems, elder-sister and younger, 
 Pure filial piety, a father delights-in, 
 The humble and weak, protects, comforts. 
 
 18. 
 
 Meanness (2) begins decay, 
 Be-kind and sparing to slaves and maids, 
 Widely defend the root and fountain, 
 Tranquillity and peace will be secure. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 19. 
 
 They divine the virtuous, test the worthy, 
 Bearing government, repay fidelity z , 
 They capture the rebel, restrain the robber, 
 Examine the stamp, distribute the seals.
 
 53 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 20 
 
 hin S 
 f Rf kih 
 
 miau 
 
 ^ kia 
 tseu 
 fjj/ chih 
 
 H*j 
 
 hoh 
 
 21 
 
 kang 
 
 ch'eng 
 
 kiai 
 
 hu 
 
 han 
 
 sins: 
 
 'ien 
 
 yien 
 
 ku 
 
 yoh 
 
 sun 
 
 kw'an 
 hun 
 
 ,. 
 
 hang 
 
 p len 
 tsah 
 
 tien 
 
 hwai 
 
 an 
 
 kien 
 
 ^ WLl 
 
 hwe 
 
 is ing 
 k'ien 
 
 tl 
 
 2 
 
 ^P kino- 
 
 'P^V k'ioh 
 
 - 
 
 inih 
 
 s 
 hah 
 
 \ chuan 
 yien 
 
 prmg 
 hnno- 
 
 
 wang 
 
 hung 
 
 pn 
 
 M ch'ang 
 
 r 
 
 k ? u 
 
 >au 
 
 Inn 
 
 **f? i 
 \L\\ king 
 
 tu 
 yiu 
 
 kw'ang 
 - kien 
 
 tseh
 
 TRANSLATION 54 
 
 20. 
 
 If guests or subordinates hinder andobrtruct 
 "The fault seek in my unworthy person"" 1 
 They wait the chariot report their office, 
 How can we weary of magnanimous officers? 
 
 Good Works. 
 
 21. 
 Hill and cliff, with dawn they arrive-at, 
 
 The Lake and Han, by the stars pass-over, 
 To prolong age, medicine they present, 
 For needy hunger, provision contribute. 
 
 22. 
 
 Uneven sideling ground they settle, 
 Tumbling decaying banks they strengthen, 
 Whence WOULD they fight and quarrel 
 Dirt and filth provoke and draw. 
 
 Retribution. 
 
 23. 
 
 Cautious, dignified, scrupulous in covenant, 
 Their praises and rewards seem dazzling, 
 In the turning of an eye, they fall and die, 
 And dread to behold gloom and darksness. 
 
 24. 
 
 Guilt's net, perveresely encounter, 
 The prosperous road is closed, stopped-up, 
 Hugging vain regrets they sink-down (2), 
 Much-more who combine cruelty and theft.
 
 55 
 
 ANALYTICAL KEADEK 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 tang 
 tuh 
 
 kia 
 
 i yuen 
 chang 
 
 mo 
 
 -=- 
 
 sheh 
 mih 
 sheu 
 kan 
 
 
 ' 
 
 pan 
 chu 
 wa 
 
 28 29 
 
 kw'ang Ffr fang 
 
 k'uen i^fe" she 
 nioh 1>3^ leu 
 t'ai 
 
 king I^JIJ kang 
 chang 
 
 flj 
 
 eh 
 
 hiien 
 
 chen 
 
 shlh 
 
 siin 
 
 lo 
 fuh 
 
 mau 
 
 suh 
 
 &*> 
 
 seng 
 k'ing 
 
 siang 
 ^ chwang 
 shan 
 t f uh
 
 TRANSLATION 50 
 
 The Malicious. 
 
 25. 
 
 Corrupt cliques, venemous serpents. 
 Lead companies to swallow, and devour, 
 Their tongues honey, they sell sweet words, 
 Destroy capture, and rest on force. 
 
 26. 
 
 They vent spleen and rely on power, 
 He shall sound the drum at evening season n 
 From thebrinkretire, the mountain overleap, 
 (0) Few" will bear the duty in your stead. 
 
 The Superficial. 
 
 27. 
 
 Board pillars, and tile towers, 
 Merely exhibit the pattern decreed; 
 The belt to bind, the kerchief to suspend, 
 Have scattered pearls for outside ornaments. 
 
 28. 
 
 Rabid dogs oppress their neighbors 
 To their hard rage, gently yield, 
 They let-out galP and bare their bellies, 
 But a hair displaced (2) slander and pierce, 
 
 29. 
 
 House cottage, loft or terrace', 
 We only can dwell-in for a nightVlodging, 
 Lions, camels, cattle and birds, 
 Emblems form, in motions sudden*
 
 ANALYTICAL IIKAPEU 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 le 
 
 ch'ung 
 
 teng 
 
 03 chau 
 
 * ku 
 
 ft 
 
 mang 
 
 'IHH kwe 
 
 ts'oh 
 ch'a 
 
 mang 
 
 mo 
 
 king 
 
 t'ung 
 
 king 
 
 ts r ien 
 
 fung 
 
 kih 
 kwan 
 t'eu 
 tai 
 
 pau 
 p'ien 
 
 32 
 
 fi 
 
 hung 
 
 tsieii 
 ch 
 
 N 
 
 yicn 
 fang 
 kia 
 kiau 
 
 t'lmg ~> * 
 
 fe 
 
 chan 
 
 w 
 
 lib 
 
 pe 
 
 man 
 
 cheh 
 
 I 
 
 i 1 
 
 ch/img 
 sheu 
 suin 
 tseng 
 
 yuh 
 koh 
 tun 
 
 p'u 
 
 she 
 we 
 
 3 
 
 nang 
 chan 
 ma 
 pit 
 
 ^ * 
 
 HE 
 
 ko 
 
 cheu 
 
 yeli 
 
 soh 
 
 r ' kan 
 Ian 
 
 suing 
 >R* kwan 
 ch'fie
 
 TRANSLATTOj; 
 
 30. 
 
 Move a milstone, and you wake insects, 
 Kindle a lamp, you enlighten the blind. 
 Make-haste to be ashamed of faults (2) 
 Aspire (2) to see and be-united with God. 
 
 Remembrance of Christ. 
 
 31. 
 
 Oft remember the nail's pain 
 
 Christ at-last expired at the weapon's point, 
 
 The thorny crown, his head bore, 
 
 His robe skirts waved red. 
 
 32. 
 
 They clipped a branch to scourge and strike, 
 Thirsty, decreed him the briny cup-full, 
 His leg bones, they were slow to break 
 Favor and age in-turn were added". 
 
 33. 
 
 He sternly cautioned against false leaven, 
 For-a-short- time declined the tremblingcup, 
 Sellers of doves fled the court, 
 Catchers of fish shot around. 
 
 34. 
 
 The sack rent, flax must mend 5 , 
 The fruit-tree cursed had leaves fat, 
 They sought a beast to ride to Olivet (2) 
 Coming-toZion trumpets (tubes) were-blown
 
 AXALYTK'AL READER 
 
 fct>: 
 
 chin 
 
 ts'.au 
 
 soli 
 
 liia 
 
 p'an 
 
 tau 
 
 u 
 
 heh 
 
 teu 
 
 sheng 
 ts'iu 
 
 cheu 
 
 miau 
 hi 
 ts'i 
 hi 
 
 ban 
 k'ih 
 
 m& 
 
 p 
 
 koh 
 
 eu 
 
 k'iu 
 
 A 
 
 -t
 
 TKAXSHTTON' 60 
 
 35. 
 
 He revives the withered, plucks the grass, 
 Pardons the brave, enlarges the prisoner, 
 His original race are but as Ts'i and Ln, 
 All classes come to service, Lii and Eu'. 
 
 Apostles of the Faith. 
 
 36. 
 
 North and South, by the compass they tread, 
 Compare the pole-star to distinguish lands, 
 Through extreme cold, and extreme heat, 
 They drag the staff and girdle they globe. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 a. Lit. doubts, but according to classic precedent used here for 
 
 tb? 
 
 JH to decide a doubt. 
 
 b. Lit. Snows, allays the burning wrongs. 
 
 c. The Powers of Darkness. 
 
 X I' "?" T t- 
 
 d. Lit. Push, i.e. push the comparison, ^fl J|t 
 
 e. Lit. matter, substance. 
 
 /. Soil, falling into the above named faults. 
 ff. i.e. take warning. 
 h. Lofty climbing. 
 
 /. Money, so called from the shape of ancient coin. ^ is often 
 
 used as a synonym for ^ 
 /. i.e. leaves. 
 
 1c. Lit. To rule or manage. $L a ru l e or canon. 
 
 /. Repay favor with fidelity. Ijlf^ also means defeat. 
 
 m. The language of a good officer, who makes himself responsible. 
 
 11. Denounce them at the evening of time, the end of the world. 
 
 o. Reformation is a personal affair. 
 
 p. TTsod for courage or audacity.
 
 61 NOTES. 
 
 q. Great pains are taken with external things while the heart 
 is left in the condition described in the next verse. 
 It is not easy to discover the pertinence of several expressions 
 in this part of the chapter, but let it be remembered, they were 
 put together merely for the purpose of using up a residuum of 
 characters for which no place could be found elsewhere. 
 
 r. Isaiah 53.10. 
 
 s. Luke 5. 36. 
 
 t. With him all nations are alike, and all classes numbered a- 
 mong his followers. Lii, the family name of KiangT'ai kung, 
 Eu, Euyang Siu; the one celebrated for military, the other for 
 literary genius, and here employed to represent two grand 
 divisions of society. 
 
 Since the previous pages were printed, the following has been 
 suggested as an improved reading for part of verse 29. 
 
 . M-t- 
 u 7IA 
 
 Cows and camels form emblems, Birds dart, lions leap suddenly, 
 
 4 J is chiefly used for sacrificial beasts, which may very pro- 
 perly be said to form emblems; though the emblematic character 
 of the camel is not quite so clear.
 
 CHAPTER IV.
 
 1)0 
 
 ANALYTICAL BKADBR 
 
 i 3 
 
 1 JEIJ 
 
 men 
 
 tsih 
 
 ti 
 
 |J] huing 
 
 jpl chan s 
 
 inn 
 
 '{flch 
 
 eu 
 
 i 
 
 le 
 
 sum 
 
 k'iiih 
 
 leu 
 
 chili 
 
 7T-F 
 
 mo 
 
 ch'eu 
 
 k'ien 
 shang 
 ts'an 
 k'cu 
 
 ts'mg 
 
 le 
 
 ^ fan 
 |ljku 
 
 ch'ang 
 
 liau 
 jia 
 
 ^ chan 
 rl 
 
 ji chuh 
 
 men 
 
 'EI 
 
 ts'un 
 
 sum 
 
 tai 
 ki 
 
 kw'e 
 lung 
 
 hwe 
 ling 
 
 ts'ien 
 ch'an 
 wu 
 miu 
 
 111 
 
 tu 
 siau 
 
 T 
 
 le 
 
 feng 
 hiang 
 
 V 
 M 
 
 L 8 
 
 shiiang 
 
 ch'ue 
 
 tiau 
 
 yang 
 
 ing 
 
 haii 
 
 elm 
 
 tih 
 
 sill 
 
 t'iau
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS, 
 1. 
 
 In connected steps trace the Creator's merit. 
 Very rare are its defects 4 (2), 
 He cast-forth and gave each-thing its class, 
 Tuck-up clothes, together knock the head* 
 
 2. 
 
 Of model forms 7 , the mystery if you fathom, 
 Perplexing sorely is their full abundance, 
 You almost expect the blind and deaf, 
 All to repent their mistakes and errors. 
 
 Meteorology. 
 
 3. 
 
 The clear air encircles us, 
 We gaze attentive on the storied vault, 
 The sunset's lustre has a forest of beauties, 
 The rainbow splendor passes-over and melts, 
 
 4. 
 
 Swift thunder fiercely echoes. 
 The herb, frost hastens to wither, 
 The bright and cloudy, drought and flood, 
 Place face-to-face, Nature's Alchemist (2).
 
 ANALYTICAL HEADER 
 
 k'au 
 
 -I 
 
 hwan 
 
 k'ii 
 
 ? ch f au 
 
 cli'ang | 
 tuan 
 kw'eh 
 hi all 
 
 kinig 
 
 [HJ 
 
 au 
 
 yien 
 ^ 
 
 hi ah 
 
 kiang 
 toh 
 
 | 
 
 P lcn 
 
 ch f eng 
 
 WU 
 
 tseu 
 
 1^ yuih 
 ch'i'in 
 
 |^ ts'iu 
 
 chih 
 
 chuh 
 
 man 
 
 j|j meh 
 
 Tj" 1 1 
 
 kwah 
 
 
 kwe 
 
 h 
 
 tsing 
 chan 
 yien 
 hiau 
 
 i 
 
 ch 
 
 heh 
 
 shwang JTJ? ki 
 
 |j heng 
 
 Si y* 
 
 Oi 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 ku 
 
 ch'u 
 
 ch'eu 
 
 HI ch' 
 
 fian 
 
 t'iau 
 
 tsoh 
 hien 
 
 tsing 
 
 chih 
 sheh 
 p r an 
 
 tsi
 
 THANSLAT10N 
 
 Geography. 
 
 , if'M-'-& 
 
 5. 
 
 Search, explore, the circle of space, 
 The long and short, broad and narrow, 
 Bulged and sunken, rough and uneven, 
 Ping's and Yien's, cliffs and passes. 
 
 6. 
 
 The erring bye- way, a path may rectify', 
 The urgent journey, a precipice interrupt, 
 In lay ing boundaries, and opening territories, 
 Barbarous and savage were embraced(2). 
 
 Time. 
 
 7. 
 
 We talk a morning, and are startled by noon, 
 We gallop over spring and autumn; 
 The twin orbs jog-on (2), 
 And on the dial, the passing shadow floats. 
 
 8. 
 
 Quietly observe evening and morning, 
 Swift as kindling flame or flashing sulphur, 
 Globe and transverse f verify calculation, 
 Rapidly, suddenly Time rushes-on (2). 
 
 Hills and Waters. 
 
 9. 
 
 The Tai Mountains are lofty and eminent, 
 Across the We stream is a distant reach, 
 Travellers chisel steeps to find crossings, 
 They mount, wade, cling, and climb.
 
 ANALYTICAL i:r: AIU:;: 
 
 10 11^ |5p 12 
 
 [1|J3 cliang 4 tt]au l$Hi man 
 
 ri I | I i ' / 
 
 !; ts'fle ^W t'ung 
 
 ^* 
 p'ai i^ kti 
 
 ;'i_-^ 
 lo x^p keu 
 
 ^jj ch'au 
 hwang 
 sh 
 
 re*^ , . 
 
 Jjl^ki 
 
 t c ang 
 hi ah 
 hau 
 
 sili 
 fa 
 
 luiu 
 
 hiiin 
 
 hwan 
 
 k'iau 
 
 t cheng 
 
 lin 
 
 pan 
 
 tsien ljyf> p'e 
 
 li 
 
 tsiang 
 
 kia 
 
 au 
 
 ch f au 
 
 au 
 
 jau 
 
 13 
 
 sie 
 : tiau 
 
 lang 
 
 kiah 
 
 via 
 
 fe 
 
 '7 k'ien 
 lien 
 
 14 
 
 chai 
 shuh 
 sii 
 ts'iang 
 
 ling 
 ch'u 
 
 kin 
 
 
 3&^ chw'ang 
 
 hiu 
 
 tien 
 
 fuh i^i/H me 
 
 ts'eu
 
 TRANSLATION 
 
 10. 
 
 The summits green arc ranged like sea-shells, 
 The tide yellow wafts galleys, 
 Mysterious changes! skill extreme! 
 jVoble enjoyments are therein conveyed. 
 
 Classes of Men. 
 
 11. 
 
 The uncombed lad, the bald greybeard, 
 The careless (2) the daring, the generous, 
 Selected forpromotion, stimulated by praise, 
 Flatterers, proud, cynics and scorners. 
 
 12. 
 
 The stupid (2) and sprightly (2), 
 Are distinguished skin and hair,. 
 Prom the womb (2) fitted and designed 
 Admirable mysteries (0) abound! 
 
 Palaces and Houses. 
 
 13. 
 
 Have painted banisters, carved verandahs, 
 Double stair- ways, opposite windows, 
 Elegant railings joined together, 
 Gauze window-panes in clusters (2). 
 
 14. 
 
 Studio, school, academy and college, 
 Garner, kitchen, privy, stable. 
 Prolong felicity, and welcome good-fortune, 
 A shameful act will stain the door-post (2).
 
 69 
 
 15 
 
 ANALYTICAL HEADER 
 I? 
 
 r2? 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 koh 
 k f iu 
 ch< 
 
 * hih 
 
 hum 
 
 f king 
 
 JPU 
 
 tsan 
 r 
 
 choh 
 hwan 
 
 siu 
 
 yien 
 ing 
 fu 
 siang 
 
 heh 
 
 r 
 
 ts'ai 
 
 man 
 
 ts'oh 
 
 Ian 
 
 L hwe 
 
 
 hwan 
 * lien 
 
 chwang 
 y|| hwang 
 
 tsie 
 
 ts 
 
 fu 
 
 18 19 fSjf 
 
 1 hwe M ts'un 
 
 chu 
 
 wan 
 
 kiansr 
 
 pih 
 
 shwe 
 
 pih 
 
 ts'ai 
 
 tu 
 
 t'o 
 
 mien i^"" chu 
 
 ^^ 
 
 t*ah Jjg; wen 
 
 /M/ 
 
 ch'u 
 
 yung 
 sihi 
 pi 
 1 chu 
 
 fi 
 
 pan 
 kien 
 
 shu 
 
 ts'ing 
 heng 
 tan 
 hu 
 
 loh 
 
 chung 
 
 s 
 
 k'ing 
 
 ts'in 
 ting 
 fang 
 hi
 
 TRANSLATION 70 
 
 Clothes and Ornaments. 
 
 15. 
 
 Linen, fur, silk, and hemp, 
 Hair-pin, pendant, bracelet, ring, 
 Gilded cloak, embroidered side-piece", 
 Sparkling, bright, brilliant, splendid. 
 
 16. 
 
 Dazzling radiant skirts and sleeves, 
 Veil the image with borders k and fringes; 
 When age (2) is so limited and brief, 
 What-liesure is there to dote-on dress (2)! 
 
 Vessels and Utensils. 
 
 17. 
 
 Distinguish vessels, criticise their material, 
 Borrow them as means to aid and assist, 
 We slumber and sleep on couch and bed, 
 Breakfast and sup with spoon and chopstick. 
 
 18. 
 
 Flourish the whip (brush), grasp the rein, 
 Tongue' the pen, trim the paper. 
 Safely store, securely provide, 
 Each kind and piece record in-order. 
 
 Precious Stones. 
 
 19. 
 
 The inch pearl, the span diamond, 
 Green emerald, red coral, 
 The Luh bell, the Sze harp, 
 Ts r in tripod, T'ang censer ; .
 
 71 
 
 ling 
 
 nan 
 
 tsun 
 
 ts'Qe 
 ts'an 
 
 21 
 
 chuh 
 
 wu 
 
 siau 
 chau 
 >l fu 
 p'eh 
 
 yih 
 
 22 
 
 n ~ ch 
 
 kih 
 
 fung 
 
 hwe 
 
 yen 
 
 li 
 
 -Ask,. 
 
 kl " 
 
 k'eng 
 ts'iang 
 
 t'mg 
 
 hung 
 f&T tien 
 ch'elr 
 
 tsih 
 
 glan 
 
 su 
 
 SlU 
 
 nuan 
 
 
 li 
 
 chnaii 
 
 chung 
 
 sung 
 peli 
 M nai 
 
 tun 2: 
 
 tai 
 
 heng; 
 
 
 liu 
 
 ch r eng 
 
 lieu 
 
 niung 
 
 king 
 
 luh 
 ing 
 wu 
 I'lSI t'uiig 
 
 yu 
 ban
 
 TRANSLATION 
 
 20. 
 
 Ling and lang ; , amber and ebony, 
 Cornelian (2) and agate (2), 
 Magnificent (2) and sparkling (2) 
 Pregnant (2) contain enjoyment. 
 
 Sounds and Music. 
 
 21. 
 
 Puff the bamboo, beat the silk-thread, 
 Flute the Shau, press holes touch keys 
 Pleasure's rhymes softly jingle (2), 
 The Ling-ling (2) sounds like tearing silk. 
 
 22. 
 
 The billow's dash, the cliff turns-back, 
 Thunder booms, lightning flashes 
 Concert singing must be harmonious (2), 
 The seeming piper is ashamed-of discovery l . 
 
 23. 
 
 As the rouged beauty or starched belle, 
 Blooming, elegant, specially favored, 
 Are the dark shadowed willow (2), 
 And the green shaded wut'ung (2). 
 
 24. 
 
 The peach and pear improve by warmth, 
 The fir and cypress endure winter. 
 Profiting-by the season, ripenin g into beauty, 
 Garden and park intoxicate with harmony.
 
 73 
 
 ANALYTICAL HEADER 
 
 25 ^ 
 l^pau 
 
 hing 
 
 HI 
 
 mil 
 
 hioh 
 
 ts'ai 
 
 p o 
 kwa 
 ts'ai 
 we 
 
 chu 
 kw'e 
 shih 
 kiai 
 
 ft as 
 
 51 
 
 chueli 
 kih 
 yuh 
 fen 
 
 tsu 
 i tsoh 
 
 g 
 
 13 mi 
 kw'ai 
 
 ii 
 
 hu 
 
 sien 
 sing 
 shan 
 
 chtiang 
 hiau 
 
 .t'ai 
 
 t^eng 
 
 
 yuh 
 
 shue 
 
 tu 
 
 au 
 
 if* 
 
 hwa 
 liu 
 
 ch'eng 
 
 y 
 
 liian 
 hoh 
 ts^iang 
 an 
 
 sh 
 run 
 
 chah 
 
 hung 
 tu 
 
 ts'ioh 
 ch'au 
 
 siu 
 
 r 
 
 fu 
 
 p'au 
 
 29 
 
 kiai 
 fan 
 
 HM 
 PEJ 
 iii 
 
 t'i 
 ts'u 
 
 ? k'ioh 
 
 kwe 
 pih 
 ytien 
 t r o 
 
 IS kw'en 
 
 ao
 
 TRANSLATION 74 
 
 Herbs and Vegetables. 
 
 25. 
 
 Full fed on fragrant aroma, 
 Work your acres, store your herbs, 
 Divide the melon, pluck the pot-plant, 
 Boil the sun-flower, gather mustard. 
 
 26. 
 
 Pick and break, the confined fragrance, 
 Chewing (2) increases pleasure, 
 Why long for stenches and odors, 
 Meats and viands, profuse, extravagant? 
 
 Birds and Beasts. 
 
 27. 
 
 Mounting prosperity, brooding good-luck, 
 The phoenix soars. The kiling roams, 
 The horse (2) runs and gallops, 
 The liian and sea-eagle gyrate and hover. 
 
 28. 
 
 Chickens live in coops, pigs in styes (crates), 
 Geese on sand-banks, magpies in nests; 
 Their food (2) is spread ready 
 Who is anxious what to bake in kitchen" 1 ? 
 
 Fishes. 
 
 29. 
 
 The scaly-tribe (2) numerous swarms, 
 The record themes are plain and reliable, 
 Tortoise, terrapin, turtle (2), 
 kwen, au, (2) whale and shark 71 .
 
 ANALYTICAL HEADER 
 
 30 
 
 sue 
 
 I t'l 
 
 5J!jl hw 
 
 an 
 
 31 
 
 'TJi te'an 
 chili 
 
 MI 
 
 hia 
 
 * i JT rt 
 
 ts'ioh MB ch'ang 
 
 p'au 
 Ifi an 
 lieh 
 
 lau 
 
 ch'ang 
 
 luan 
 sh 
 
 le 
 ts 
 
 X//J> 
 
 jjpg fang 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 k'ing 
 t'iau 
 
 koh 
 
 ch'eu 
 
 hien 
 t'ing 
 
 . 
 
 hung 
 
 & 
 
 mg 
 
 yau 
 
 % mo 
 shun 
 
 wang 
 
 ts r un 
 
 tgri 
 sing 
 
 33 
 
 suh 
 yung 
 
 y^ie 
 
 r 
 
 \ 
 
 hwang 
 fung 
 shang 
 tsu 
 
 hwang 
 
 hih 
 
 P tan 
 
 lau 
 
 sum 
 = Htf tseu 
 
 tsing 
 
 t'ah 
 snan 
 
 king 
 t'ih 
 hiu 
 fu
 
 TKANSLATrO* 
 
 30. 
 
 It plunges a locust, "and you pick-up a crab, 
 It swims a sparrow, you clutch an oyster. 
 Their eggs in moisture frequent multiply, 
 In-a-moment (2) they leap and spring . 
 
 Insects. 
 
 31. 
 
 The silk-worm weaves, the spider knits, 
 The earth- w^orm sings, the beetle hums, 
 Spread-through (2) suites of galleries, 
 Interwoven (2) in vacant halls. 
 
 32. 
 
 Throw-down meat, you catch ants, 
 Knead boiled-rice, then buz the flies 
 Little-things! a moment they look-about, 
 But do-not think-of grief and bitterness^. 
 
 Memento Mori. 
 
 33. 
 
 Be earnest (2) reverential, composed, 
 Suddenly to meet decease and dissolution, 
 This corporeal shell is-not firm, 
 Faults and offences are sour and painful. 
 
 34. 
 
 With trickling tears and anxious dread, 
 Often lead your associates (2), 
 Each morning urge,meA decade exhort them, 
 To respect and seriousness in view of decay.
 
 77 
 
 ANALYTICAL UEADKIC 
 
 35 
 ffi\ sheng 
 
 F-c* 
 
 kw f e 
 hau 
 
 36 
 
 fu 
 fuh 
 
 si 
 ki 
 
 rtfct^ 
 
 H Ef huin 
 
 wu 
 pien 
 
 ts'ih 
 hi 
 
 yuen 
 niuh 
 
 k'iau 
 
 Idling 
 yien 
 
 F ch'aii 
 te 
 sii 
 shan 
 
 eu 
 leu 
 ts r uh 
 tsih 
 
 % mmg 
 
 71$ wan 
 
 ts'ii 
 chiin 
 
 37 
 
 ts'ah 
 
 hih 
 
 ch'eng 
 liau 
 
 38 
 
 ^f chen 
 choh 
 shai 
 sii en 
 
 shiiang 
 
 ^ yau 
 
 shun 
 
 cheng 
 
 kwe 
 
 sheng 
 
 1FP chung 
 ming 
 
 mung 
 
 K P lllu 
 chun 
 
 yien 
 ho 
 pu 
 shau 
 
 fu 
 ing 
 
 :JC min g 
 
 A 
 
 A
 
 TRANSLATION 78 
 
 Exhortation. 
 
 35. 
 
 Much-more pry-into the vast grand mystery, 
 Its noise is great without bound, 
 Brilliant (2) profound, sublime, 
 Upward look- to the venerable face 9 . 
 
 36. 
 
 Stooping, creeping, bare-foot, kneeling, 
 Ashamed, vexed, wholly purging away evil. 
 Bowing down, (2) with reverence (2), 
 The dark and stupid gradually reform. 
 
 Virtue and Vice. 
 
 37. 
 
 To spur and lead officers (2), 
 Point-to Yu, T'ang, Yau and Shun"; 
 For maxims and rules, the belted scholar, 
 Takes Tslu, Mingts, Confucius, Mencius*. 
 
 38. 
 
 Reflect-on (2) excess and purity, 
 Of the twain distinguish mark and aim', 
 Flaming fire will consume (2) the vicious" 
 Beating the breast, earnestly entreat".
 
 79 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 a. Lit. gaps and leaks. 
 
 I. The forms designed by the Creator, each the model of a class. 
 
 v t^* 
 
 c. ||j The evening aurora, the abendrothe of the Germans. 
 
 d. vgj To temper with heat, andgjpj to change transform or stir, 
 taken together express the operations of the chemist. 
 
 e. Lit. to copy, hence to correct in copying, also to take or at- 
 tain by a more direct road. 
 
 /. Lit. transverse, a balance, but in connexion with J'J| on as- 
 tronomical instrument of whose form we are not very certain. 
 
 g. / [|j][ To carry at the side; any thing worn at the side. 
 
 li. jglj Secondary or subordinate, used for the border of a garment. 
 
 i. P/^ To touch with the tongue, as a Chinese scribe does, to 
 adjust the point of his pen. 
 
 / iPt M The Chinese title of this verse comprehends two class- 
 es. The antique articles named in the last two lines belong 
 to the first class. 
 
 Jn 50 Names of rivers, |f jgf* Names of dynasties. 
 
 Jc. In some uncertainty as to these stones, it seems preferable 
 to retain the native names. 
 
 I. Shau and Lingling in verse 21. are names of musical composi- 
 tions. In verse 22. the sounds of nature are represented as 
 imitated in music. The "seeming piper" was one who sought 
 to pass for a musician, by imitating the motions of others 
 in the band, but without hazarding a note. 
 
 m. Mat. vi. 26. 
 
 n. As Jcwen and ait are names of fabulous monsters, it will hard- 
 ly be admitted that the ichthyology of the Chinese is "plain 
 and reliable". 
 
 o. Jf^ "frequent" has the double sense of the Latin frequens. 
 
 Locusts are believed to turn to crabs, and sparrows to oysters. 
 p. They live a moment free from cares. The musical powers 
 
 of the earthworm are confidently asserted. 
 q. "Noise" in a good sense, for fame. Face, the face of God. 
 r. Ancient emperors. 
 s. Philosophers. 
 
 -LfFfi \If- 
 
 t. f^ An object aimed at, *ljl a line to guide by.
 
 so 
 
 PART. III. 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS. 
 
 CONSTANT CHARACTERS, A COUPLE OF 
 THOUSANDS ANALYZED. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 The "elements" are of two kinds perfect and imperfect. Of the 
 former, many are found in the table of radicals, and others occur 
 in the text. The rest, together with the imperfect elements, are 
 arranged in a list at the end of this Part, according to the chap- 
 ters in which they occur.
 
 81 
 
 f 
 
 " 
 
 1 
 
 A !&< A 
 
 - 
 
 
 it A 
 Tiftfc 
 
 fe 
 
 Jh 
 
 A -
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 82 
 
 ^ 
 
 2. 
 
 A ;L 
 
 p 
 
 y 
 
 WTP 
 
 
 
 
 I V 
 
 1 
 
 it' 
 
 H 
 
 if |;f 
 
 A ^ 
 
 /Cr "&. 
 
 ft 
 
 A 
 
 B >
 
 83 
 
 * p I M 
 
 >f==T /f 
 Ipt I 
 
 - 
 
 PJL 
 
 a 
 
 \ 0. 
 
 1 i 
 
 >1 
 
 n flan 
 +p 
 
 B7E 
 
 
 AP 
 
 ft 
 
 ^c AX ; A*E 
 
 S B * ^ * ft 
 
 f pf 1 
 
 I HP 
 
 I 1 m 
 
 If 
 
 t T.. 
 
 
 M !J 
 
 n-n 
 
 A
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 A 
 
 
 fi* 
 
 .A 
 
 A, 8 
 
 XrS ilt <M -fte 
 
 > TTi *uL> ifct 
 
 IP F ^ 4- * 
 
 r Li _L 1^:^ TJ /^ 
 
 = B3 -L^ ^p 
 
 k n 
 
 fr 
 
 ^ 
 
 * 
 
 & if 
 
 rat* 
 
 T"_1X- -ll- J - r* 
 
 S ^F A 
 
 k * 
 
 >A>A 
 9A 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 t'J 
 1t 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 TFT S 
 
 T 
 
 If 
 
 3E
 
 85 
 
 ffi 
 
 s f- 
 
 'ff^F 
 
 iii iii 
 
 -f 4- ffir 
 
 A- 
 
 
 G 
 
 '*'* 
 
 Tlf lUl 
 - 7 ' 1 H 
 
 -h 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 ft
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 86 
 
 PI 
 
 *^ r r ' 
 
 fa 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 H 
 
 
 A 
 
 5* jsfe. 
 
 :[f g 
 
 >/l ^ 
 
 1^ 4^,V 
 | r* - jl^i V 
 
 AX->fr 
 >%
 
 87 
 
 ! 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 E" -fr 
 
 JifL 
 
 J pjf 
 
 tltL v 
 
 
 m 
 
 h 
 
 : r 
 
 P Jil * 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 El
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 88 
 
 fflift 
 ft 
 
 A~^ * i J 
 
 J 
 
 rfif 
 
 
 4 
 % 
 sl nnii 
 
 h-Hi 
 
 /L 
 
 ffl 
 
 i 
 
 t=l 
 
 H 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 P 
 
 51 
 
 it 
 
 H 
 
 * 
 
 A
 
 89 
 
 7? 
 
 Bf L 
 
 EH 
 
 ^tZfr ^V- 
 
 ft H f 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 W 
 
 dt-jf 
 
 C4 -A^ 
 
 '> ra*
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 90 
 
 "v". 
 
 ff- 
 
 '[$ t ^ 
 
 a 
 
 Pf 
 
 fit # 
 
 
 V -^T^- 
 
 i /L 
 
 flf 
 
 8 
 
 ft 
 
 
 77 
 
 ft 
 
 WM r ' 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 * 
 
 11 1 ft 
 
 l H 
 
 . m 
 *f M 
 
 ** * 
 
 n 
 
 , 
 
 M 
 
 P 
 
 L
 
 91 
 
 * 
 
 EAT 
 
 m 
 
 T=* 
 
 
 
 B, 
 
 fit 
 
 tni 
 
 B 
 
 IE 
 
 w^ 
 
 
 i 
 
 ' TfC 
 
 
 8 
 
 m 
 
 AS. 
 
 
 If 
 
 t 
 
 p 
 
 P 
 
 S 
 Pt 
 
 P
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 92 
 
 r^i 
 
 
 pg P S II M 
 
 my 
 
 > 
 
 'i> 
 
 -A 
 
 t 
 
 Tib 
 
 tm 
 
 Pit
 
 fft 
 
 ' 
 
 % > 
 
 EH 
 
 < 
 
 jBMM 
 
 iff 
 
 tr.35 
 PI 
 
 I/A & ! 
 
 A 
 
 13 
 
 r 
 
 ij 
 
 ^ E 
 
 l/^ 
 
 -f- -- 
 
 ~T*" * 
 
 H 
 
 IP
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 
 
 7m 
 
 ft 
 
 - ,7-p f- P 
 
 -n .Si P 4 
 fit ! ,1 
 
 tn* 
 * fc 
 
 fe A 
 
 1 
 
 P x f f t w 
 
 B 
 
 ij 1 
 
 | 
 jur 
 
 m 
 
 lip ^ 
 
 3i 
 
 f: 
 
 II
 
 si 
 
 
 
 PP 
 
 > pt 'J 
 
 E IS 
 
 -til. 
 
 4--M 
 
 Pi 
 
 
 TF 
 
 -"^i 
 
 lla. 
 1 
 
 Hi 
 
 13 
 
 f 
 
 X 
 
 i r 
 
 Affi 
 
 TIT ft -jf y J 
 
 r > 
 
 x s 
 
 14 
 
 y ? 
 
 i /* 
 
 
 
 n
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 f 1 t H 
 
 ^si >\> ffl 
 
 &J 
 
 ft * 
 
 A * 
 
 a 
 
 A 
 ^ft 
 
 Jbl 
 
 IE 
 
 
 l>\ 
 
 sS 
 
 -/\Xi A 
 
 \ 
 
 * m 
 
 El 
 
 /!! 
 
 ti 
 
 I 
 
 A 
 
 U5^\ 
 
 t 
 
 J .i^ 
 
 .*
 
 rii 
 
 X 
 
 P 
 
 If 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 AAn 
 
 O 
 
 * 
 
 ft 
 
 i Jr 
 
 ; /r; *> ' J> 
 
 nt 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 , 
 
 ^^ 
 
 3 til 
 
 77 
 
 CJ
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 
 -t 1 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 UP 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 t Tfit 
 
 HI TO 
 
 
 m M 
 
 77M 
 
 -I- mf 
 JL JL 
 
 I 
 
 * 
 
 >m 
 v) 
 
 rm 
 
 ' 
 
 A-n 
 
 j 
 
 .x IA
 
 99 
 
 A 
 
 p 
 
 pj HE 
 
 
 rn 
 
 Ij * '1 
 
 
 H W 
 
 ifc 
 
 A 
 
 ^ 
 pQ &l 
 
 it 
 
 VC^ 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 H
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 100 
 
 v> t* 
 
 II X 
 
 I H 
 
 E 
 
 Kfc 
 
 *,a 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 Pi 
 
 HJ
 
 101 
 
 il IE 
 
 j im 
 
 - 
 
 
 J* * * P" 
 $ * ^ 
 
 -S 
 
 -;L 
 
 P 
 
 IE 
 
 *, 
 
 H^v 
 
 P7> 
 
 e I 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 
 
 vi ? 
 
 f 3 
 
 ? *
 
 ANALYSIS l-F CU IRAOTEHS 
 
 102 
 
 _ 
 
 A 
 
 T 
 
 yf ? 
 
 Itt 
 
 f& $ 
 
 PH 
 
 7 
 
 W 
 
 > tL *W 
 
 ^ //^ 
 
 yi 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 -til.
 
 103 
 
 & 
 
 m 
 
 4- ^ 
 1C If 
 
 t 
 
 L 
 
 -tV. 
 
 H 
 
 P 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 ri 
 
 
 A, 
 
 f Ij P 
 
 
 A 
 
 ~ 
 
 Uff 
 
 "fit
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 104 
 
 %$ A If 
 
 ft 
 
 I x> 
 
 ** 
 
 ft& 
 
 tn 
 
 A 1$ 
 
 :k i 
 
 >/^ ^ ft 
 
 */Iir /Iv 
 
 /JILk /JV 
 
 S H y^ I 
 "Pt ffl 
 
 m. 
 
 t 
 
 * 
 
 Jt 
 
 m 
 
 
 * 
 
 *
 
 105 
 
 iff J 
 
 M p 
 
 XI 
 
 111 
 
 i - p=t 
 
 -ill/ 
 
 7? 
 
 * 
 
 1* 
 
 *^' ^^ * 
 
 X A 
 
 Jt 
 
 K 
 
 vj 
 
 IF 
 
 S4. 
 
 tlj 
 
 Pf 
 ofc 
 
 1 
 
 Jffi- tffaA 
 
 
 
 
 y 
 
 H3 
 
 S> q^ 
 ^? jL 
 
 J- 

 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 106 
 
 -^ 
 
 A 
 
 " 
 
 X- 
 
 f-*-t- f 
 ti t i 
 
 ^@ m * 
 
 
 * 
 ft t 
 
 ft 
 
 IT 
 
 -^ 
 
 
 % 
 
 . T . 
 
 If \ 
 
 
 "P
 
 107 
 
 L /C-r /C 
 
 'Y- 
 
 i - 
 
 f 
 
 I'J f 
 
 P i 
 A 
 
 ie. 
 
 
 If 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 .n 
 
 P S
 
 ANALYSTS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 108 
 
 f 
 
 4y 
 ^* 
 
 
 tfr 
 
 A, 
 
 >m 
 
 a j 
 
 iH 
 
 x^ 
 
 
 g 
 
 ^ Pi 
 
 ^IL> AXfc 
 
 T 
 
 f 
 
 *B f 
 
 yjL r 
 
 IE 
 
 A* 
 

 
 nr 
 
 >^ 
 
 
 & 
 * 
 
 y^ 
 
 /< 
 
 ? p 
 
 *t ^^ < 
 
 IPJ fTr^ 
 
 ^ : -Rf 
 ^ rh ** 
 
 * 
 
 ^ 
 
 jj 
 
 P n& a x 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 P & 4 V & ft 
 ,.* 
 
 ^P 
 
 I PM 
 
 -f4- 
 
 jg 
 
 ** PI 
 |. M 
 
 ^r ^-P 
 3g ^^ 
 
 ^ ^p 
 * 
 
 Jg XSx 
 
 -J?* ^ ^ ppl 
 
 iCTf^ /-I-' ' y / 
 /jE*y / Tu ^v 
 
 if 1^ 
 
 tt# 
 
 Tfc^ 
 
 y/F?i ?/ w* 
 
 
 ift. ^i- 
 
 Ol^ 
 
 B P 
 
 _^ 
 
 j|U -feL, ^ =^ 
 
 ^ A 
 
 
 ^^* 
 
 I& 
 
 TH 
 ^*0 
 
 >^
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 110 
 
 * 
 
 r;'J * 
 
 if 
 
 3E 
 
 !) R PI A 
 
 f i 
 
 ffl 
 
 4- 
 
 ft ^ 
 
 A Hi 
 A 
 
 IS t 
 
 +4- 
 
 74$ 
 
 i W P fl-
 
 Ill 
 
 ,8 
 
 
 Alt 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 J^ 
 
 TJB 
 
 
 
 A. 
 
 
 y 
 
 nn 
 
 a E3 
 
 T S 
 
 f 
 
 |-t 
 
 P 
 
 m> 
 
 D
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 112 
 
 i 
 
 * 
 
 r-h 
 
 * 
 
 M M 
 
 Jfc 
 
 t Pi 
 
 ^ 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 i 
 
 PA 
 
 -w- 
 
 * i 
 
 . 
 
 Ijt
 
 113 
 
 -h 
 
 >> 
 
 I ^ 
 
 FP* 
 
 EM 
 
 a -Kjv* 
 
 &. ifc IT 
 
 A 
 
 -tr
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 114 
 
 It 
 
 
 p- 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 win y v 
 
 /P& ^j 
 
 Inn. 
 
 yl ? r * 
 
 'I 
 
 H -3^ v 
 
 uA 7K 
 
 T 
 
 -til, 
 
 3l 
 
 IJ 
 
 'l 
 
 It Hi 
 
 i 7U, vS/Jk 
 
 f 
 
 
 A 
 
 ^3 %. ~f=? ^13 
 
 o^-^-l^
 
 115 
 
 w 
 
 \/J> 
 
 7t 
 
 no 
 
 t=r 
 
 a v m 
 
 #,** 
 
 
 L 
 
 -L 
 
 llll LU 
 
 M 
 
 (111! 
 
 W 
 
 >^> 
 
 %\S 
 
 yc 
 
 OJ 
 
 OJ
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 * 
 
 BIh 
 
 ,yi 
 
 ^ 
 
 1-4 -f$; 
 
 S'tJ J3j 
 
 E3 
 
 fl |5j> 2J 
 
 -.- -i. _r- 
 
 P^ l=f 
 
 P(X 
 
 itx 
 
 oca 
 
 tp M 
 
 -Efe. yrr 
 
 hP 
 
 7C 
 
 X 
 
 d 

 
 117 
 
 Ill* 
 
 Ll^Xf- 
 
 t t 
 
 J? 
 
 _m 
 
 =** t&Z 
 
 m ? 
 ;n 
 
 r 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 H 
 
 ffi SB 
 
 A 
 
 Ol 
 
 ? w m 
 
 JL 
 
 A 
 
 "i* 
 
 ^ 
 
 HlTC 
 
 11 ^1
 
 <XAI.YS!S OF CHARACTER! 
 
 118 
 
 in 
 
 II 
 
 p 
 
 1JI 
 fc ffl 1 
 
 11 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 Q* .e. 
 
 k*> 
 
 *> 
 -A 
 
 fj 
 
 ft 
 
 lit 
 
 x^ 
 
 m 
 
 
 A> 
 
 A 
 
 LL 
 
 W all, 
 
 * - > - ^^ * 
 
 -til 
 JI 
 A 
 
 T*' 
 
 M
 
 m> 
 
 flfi 
 
 /ftUfc Til 
 
 W 
 
 A-tfL> 
 
 
 Sffl 
 
 e jt r 
 
 13 
 
 rst 
 
 -tiL, 
 
 t 
 
 W 
 
 iri 
 
 I ^ 
 
 A 
 
 P* I 
 
 A 
 
 y v
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 TTv Ifj 
 
 2 f r 
 
 fl3 A If 
 
 Jl 
 
 BEJT 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 R* 
 
 r=* il ^ 
 
 m 
 A 
 
 W 
 
 7(C ^ 
 
 
 t 
 
 ? 
 
 
 K f^ 
 
 1 
 
 1JE 
 
 ffi 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 a* 
 
 >t
 
 121 
 
 
 Hi 
 
 f 
 
 
 HI 
 
 ^ 7fc 
 
 
 1 
 
 ur T i 
 
 A 
 IS 
 
 Jt m> 
 
 (on. 
 
 tt 
 W 
 
 H: 
 
 M HP 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 
 Uif- 
 
 lllf 
 
 I 
 
 O-l
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHAKACTEKS 
 
 122 
 
 3 
 
 yf 
 
 it A 
 
 -til, 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 yk 
 
 ? * 
 
 f 
 
 m 
 
 ilif- 
 
 1 tf 
 
 iy7 ^ 
 
 an 
 
 $$$ 
 
 S 
 
 El 
 
 1=1 
 
 $8 A 
 
 jp. ^^ 
 
 fe ;ll 
 
 
 ^k 
 
 
 it 
 
 H 
 
 fl' 
 
 nif 
 
 -LUL 
 
 m 
 
 m S 1i yKij ? J]
 
 123 
 
 fii 
 
 7; 
 
 
 
 t If J 
 
 
 vl 
 
 YM 
 M v Zl 
 
 iMi X - 
 
 - 
 
 i 
 
 r 
 
 * 
 
 7(C 
 
 1 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 j? 
 
 
 
 In 
 
 ft
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 124 
 
 _fc 
 
 "X nf 
 
 S k 
 
 If. 
 
 BB 
 
 * 
 
 5 
 QJl 
 
 '/fit |i 
 
 t Py(t I: 
 
 M I 
 
 a-/ 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 ij 
 
 * 
 
 ' 
 
 11 
 
 Ba 
 
 :^> J^ ^^ 
 
 IE
 
 125 
 
 
 it I 
 
 -r Mi 
 
 Jjfff 
 
 H ^ 
 / u >^ 
 
 m % 
 
 i H* 
 
 v 
 
 T 
 
 xfcU 
 
 -^ 
 
 ft 
 
 H 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 ? *s 
 
 i AA 
 
 ts ^ 
 
 
 -
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 12G 
 
 ID 
 
 v 
 
 1 
 
 ppp 
 
 -t 
 
 A 
 
 y0 ? 
 
 A W k& 
 Jfe 
 
 t; -&> it 
 
 4UV ~> 
 
 
 i 
 b-H 
 
 M lij 
 ^ft 
 
 H 
 
 rn
 
 127 
 
 m 
 
 la* a* VA 
 
 iff 
 
 4& P^ 
 l^f \w 
 
 &> 
 
 ^^ ? 
 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 
 D3 
 
 ft 
 
 iP 
 
 y 
 
 M 
 
 tt/E
 
 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS 
 
 128 
 
 y$ i # 
 
 I Jl 
 
 <vx f M 
 
 tl Ji, ?$ 
 
 -t 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 A 
 
 /[ 
 
 :D 
 
 
 
 PI e 
 
 
 I 
 
 TfS 
 
 m 
 
 
 * 
 
 H 
 
 
 p
 
 m 
 
 a 
 
 / - t*lU ri-fdh- 
 A- 3L rf* 
 
 ^P ^J P^i 
 
 A 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 ri v>fe ~T 
 
 H y^ >t 
 
 /v 
 
 *l 
 
 '& 
 
 ^H 7/ ^ 
 
 W * m 
 
 %
 
 .ANALYSIS' F c 'If A I! .UTKliS 
 
 130 
 
 4 - 
 
 J=LJL *?> 
 
 V "v^ 
 
 rt- 
 
 H DJ jo. n A 
 
 VA 
 
 s 
 
 I 7|C I * p<_k W ^k 
 
 ;;J- ; _L Zl MI m 
 
 > ^i" -KlI r*" 
 
 "~ k ^ A 
 
 if 
 
 , A A ft 
 
 I 
 
 fe 
 
 7C 
 
 Yn 
 
 . 
 
 ire 
 
 JE 
 
 A W -di k 
 
 r^x * 
 
 it 
 
 
 -t
 
 TABLE OF ELEMENTS. 
 
 131 
 
 From this table all those characters are excluded, which are 
 found either in the text CT among the radicals. Many of those 
 contained in the list are obsoletej except as elements. The imperf- 
 ect elements have no fixed sounds, but a Chinese teacher will 
 find no difficulty in giving them names. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 ~7 
 
 t 
 
 fji Ts'tiHf/, Same as ^fc from. 
 Yuili, To cut off the feet. 
 Tso, Ancient form of ~/r. } 
 Yuen, A Small worm. 
 Cha, Just now, anon. 
 Pili, A prince. 
 U , A kind of ape. 
 Wu, Ancient form of T/. 
 Lu, To draw with the hand. 
 Ling, Same as 
 Fu, A sorcerer. 
 Ch'u, Same as 
 Full, Same as -jj| \ 
 We, Stomach. 
 Clmu, Seek, pay balance. 
 Ko, An individual. 
 
 Virtue H* ^ 
 i, Impede. 
 'ill, Original. 
 
 for=?X baleful. 
 
 m 
 3* 
 
 te 
 
 X J, Tranquil. 
 
 S, A monastery. 
 
 Cli'-uli, Step of the left foot. 
 
 Tiau, Suspend, sympath- 
 ize. *y?l 
 
 Cheu, A broom. 
 T%e, Heap. 
 
 \, Father's younger broth- 
 
 Equal, fellow. 
 Thirty. 
 High, thick, 
 Kiang, Descend, pip \ 
 
 Kwan, String together, string 
 of cash. 
 L&n, Narrate. 
 PiU, Shovel. 
 Tun, The buttocks. 
 Cheu, Helmet. 
 o7 Shoh, A spoon. 
 
 Leu, Name of a star.
 
 :i82 
 
 A \\LYT K' A I; HE \ HER. 
 
 Z/, A sacrificial vessel. 
 Tinu, A kind of kettle drum. 
 
 "s-'m, To ferment wine. 
 
 Wen, Kindness. 
 
 IMPERFECT ELEMENTS. 
 
 Al 
 
 .xl/. 
 J-. 
 
 i 
 
 T 
 
 A 
 
 O 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Kwe, Mouth awry. 
 
 t 
 
 Ch'eny, To succeed, to be se- 
 cond or lieutenant. 
 
 S 
 
 Sucn, To enter . 
 
 Ff 
 
 Ctteny, Altogether. 
 
 ^ r . ii 
 
 Pe, Complete read}-, 'fff i ~^p 
 
 Z//i, A form of almanac. ~/fr 
 
 Him, Minute. 
 
 Yih, A leaf. 
 
 K*-ioli, A pair of gems. 
 
 Z, Avail. 
 
 T'fian, Notes on the Book of 
 Changes. 
 ffien, All. 
 jKJ- T a//, A'olume, set of books. 
 
 "^1 * "" >" 
 
 m T*7/, Twelve months- or& 
 
 Zw//. Fly high. 
 Yuen, Family name. 
 Tsang, Virtuous, prosperous. 
 T'at, Term of respect, form 
 
 ^F 
 
 $ 
 
 Iny, Mayor. 
 
 Yti, 3/J^ Also. 
 
 Tue, Exchange. 
 
 Liu. A tassel, for jf(f \ 
 
 Kien, Equal. 
 
 Yauy, Sheep, goat, for^p \ 
 
 Choh, Firm, stable, eminent. 
 
 Tun. Shield. 
 
 Yiiih, Fasces, emblems of 
 
 power. 
 
 Chu, Displa} r of music 1 . 
 
 Keny. Continuous, perpetual.
 
 TARLE OF ELEMENTS. 
 
 133 
 
 Ki, Successive, f ^ \ 
 Sue, Name of a place. 
 Ch 1 , Simple, stupid. 
 
 Pi, Close, narrow, for jyjp } 
 Full, Govern, order. 
 Yu, Yes, a girl's answer. 
 K L ien, A fragment. 
 Kivai, To differ, distorted. 
 Lu, A vessel. 
 Hwan, A small bird. 
 
 Ts^ung, Quick of hearing, in- 
 telligent. 
 
 to attack, 
 for J2? to oppose. 
 CJiiien, To walk slowly. 
 
 , Middle, invite. 
 , To dip water. 
 
 Ctiuan, Pierce through, string 
 together. 
 
 'in, A quarrel between dogs. 
 Kiung, Open windows. 
 
 TJj ' TT1 \- FjjA 
 
 CUili, Command. 
 Man, The th hour. 
 Hiuh, Cattle, for ^ \ 
 Ku, An eagle glance. 
 
 # 
 
 !--. 
 
 ft 
 
 FM 
 
 , Slave. 
 
 , Disorder, for HL i 
 K'u, Implacable strife. 
 Riu, A hillock. 
 
 , Store up, accumulate. 
 i, The IWi hour. 
 Yili, Espionage. 
 Ling, Besides, other. 
 P'ai, flow apart, appoint^ i 
 
 T'-o, SUB, Fall, name of a dyn- 
 asty. 
 
 Ch l , A goblin, for p(f| \ 
 Long, A title. 
 
 Yang, For f>J| ^ the bright or 
 male principle. 
 
 Tsan, Praise, associate. 
 Yung, A covered way. 
 King, Straight waves. 
 Ts'-an, A particle. 
 Cliue, wan, Grassy. 
 Ts, Able, sustain. 
 Hilen, A kind of furnace. 
 T'-au, Pottery. 
 Yu, A moment. 
 Ts l ih, Concubine. 
 i, To hire.
 
 134 
 
 EL 
 
 * 
 
 Ping, The SrJofthe 10 stems. 
 Pa, Forf i 
 ife, Consume, destroy. 
 , Beg, assail. 
 , A name of Szechuen. 
 Jin, th of the 10 stems. 
 Yaij Stupid. 
 Hwai, Bosom. 
 Huen, A document. 
 Jan, A name. 
 Siang, Assist, praise. 
 Kwe, A badge of office, a baton 
 Kiau, A stream of light, mu 
 
 SIC. 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 it 
 
 BH 
 
 i 
 
 Ing, A kinjl of bird. 
 
 Han, Sign, cry, for * 
 
 Suj Tiger. 
 
 Chuli, To build. 
 
 T'cm, T'an-fu, a name. 
 
 Huen, A cry, noise, for P|| 
 
 Rang, A hill, for 
 
 Cheng, To test, for 
 
 Chuh, A medecine. 
 
 2V, Name of a place. 
 
 Ts l cmg, Granary. 
 
 An, Understand. 
 
 Ying, To beg. 
 
 Hwe, A comet. 
 
 
 IMPERFECT ELEMENTS. 
 
 t 
 
 O 
 O 
 O
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 135 
 
 Liny, A tomb for 
 
 Pan, Precious for 
 
 Fung, A name. 
 
 Yin, The female principle. 
 
 for Pit > 
 
 Kill, The root of a tree. 
 
 Keu, Mutual gains. 
 
 Tuan, A section, ball. 
 
 Ing, Necklace. 
 
 Fu, Faith. 
 
 Full, Luxuriant. 
 
 Tih, A kind of pheasant. 
 
 Chan, To cut off. 
 
 Wan, Flowing tears. 
 
 Chu, Scarlet. 
 
 We, High, perilous. 
 
 Man, forfj^fc 
 
 K-iau, Lofty. 
 
 Kan, Feel, move. 
 
 Fu, Diffuse, for if > 
 
 JTmy, An herb. 
 
 Chuan, Special, for 
 
 /,By, for ft* 
 
 T l u, Road, a name. 
 
 Hwc, Flowers. 
 
 Tsien, Minute. 
 
 Jj Kin, A vine. 
 
 / t 
 
 a] Hung, Loud noise. 
 
 y-. 
 
 fe AV, Great. 
 
 tfJL 
 
 _jd AY/*, Oppressive. 
 
 'pi A"w, Sentence, clause. 
 
 >^[ Ts l u : Grass. 
 
 Man, Equal. 
 ~K* Shuh, A small bean. 
 
 Jlf&M, 5^ of the 10 stems. 
 
 Ts, To stop. 
 
 P'w, Abundant. 
 
 Ling,, Ignis fatuus. 
 
 C%, Single, a classifier. 
 
 We, Soothe, comfort. 
 
 Yu, Royal, drive a chariot. 
 
 Pi, Spoiled. 
 
 Kai, Beg. 
 
 Hien, Spinach. 
 Kung, Arms, forU^^ 
 Choli, To cut down. 
 Sien, Ascend high. 
 
 -H- 
 
 
 Siau, To long, for 
 
 Yuen, Small insect. 
 
 tf-fc 
 
 , Lump of earth |i||
 
 13G 
 
 A N A LYT1 GAL It K APER . 
 
 J : f 
 
 f 
 
 xcrt 
 
 7C 
 
 f 
 1 
 
 
 An, Shore, 
 
 Ifih, Hole in a wall. 
 
 p, Lowing of a cow. 
 
 r, Hurried. 
 Jung, A weapon. 
 Ts'ien, A bamboo tally. 
 Fung, To drag an ox. 
 Yien, Salt, for H > 
 
 5, Long. 
 ///, Tremble. 
 C7w/>, Soft boiled rice. 
 Wan, Finish. 
 Fn, Just now. 
 Lan, See, read 
 3^*0, Snake for !)[ [^ } 
 Sh, Grass used in divination. 
 
 T'cu To spit. 
 
 ^ZIw?^, A flea, also for ^ early 
 
 Nicn, Twenty. 
 
 H/ 
 
 _Y. 
 
 si 
 
 J5 
 
 Yfm, A bird faithful to its 
 mate. 
 
 Chang, 10 ft, Chinese 141 in, 
 
 English . 
 
 Snih, llth hour. 
 
 Yang, A long stream. 
 
 Hien A district. 
 
 Cheng, Long black hair, 
 
 CJtan, Garrulous. 
 
 Pali, Running of a dog. 
 
 P'ang, The side. 
 
 Peli, 100, A centurion. 
 
 K'iJi, Beg. 
 
 IMPERFECT ELEMENTS. 
 
 Jt 
 
 *
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 137 
 
 f 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 R 
 
 Mien, Face. 
 
 Huhi, A flame. 
 
 Kuih, Different, certain. 
 
 Cheng, Dignity, name of a 
 kingdom. 
 
 Wu, A name. 
 Liau, Bright, clear. 
 Siau, Like, good. 
 Ch l ue, Lofty. 
 Clm, A vestibule, 
 Yai, Shore. 
 Ctteng, Hand up. 
 
 Chili, Not explained 1 
 
 K'ang-hi. 
 
 Ts'ung, Haste, for ;([ | 
 
 K'ing, Respect, imperial. 
 8, A horned tiger. 
 Clmli, Chisel, for || \ 
 Fan, A fence, lattice. 
 K'(hi, Investigate. 
 Him, A one horned goat. 
 An, Ramble for ;if>C } 
 >SV/y. Separate. 
 P'e, Great. 
 Kii'tiii. Weave. 
 
 
 Bfi 
 
 Me, Eyebrow. 
 
 Ts'an, A meal. 
 
 Yien, Detain, conceal. 
 
 T'-ah, Buoyant. 
 
 Kiang, Boundary,for |[J| \ 
 
 Lull, Wood carving. 
 
 Yuen, Round, dollar, officer. 
 
 Kien, Firm. 
 
 T'-ing, Palace. 
 
 Keng, 1th of the stems. 
 
 Ch'eu, 2nd hour. 
 
 Kwe, 10th of the stems. 
 
 Li, Beautiful, for jp^ \ 
 
 Chueh, Join. 
 
 Kill. Neck erect. 
 
 P'-ing, Rapid, utterance. 
 
 Hoh, Crane. 
 
 Kan, Call, high, a name. 
 
 Fu, Diffuse, for > 
 
 Hcng, Good luck. 
 
 She, A family name. 
 
 Oh, Fright. 
 
 Kuih, Handful, for J|j ^ 
 
 Li /i. Hairy.
 
 138 
 
 ANALYTICAL HEADER . 
 
 w- 
 
 T~ Mang, Beard of grain. 
 
 db ^ 
 
 l uh, Shell, for f ( 
 
 e, A rule. 
 e'A, Satire. 
 Ts'an, A hare. 
 
 Yuen, Abyss, for J 
 &mg, Equal, for isj > 
 'ew, Virtuous, Excellent. 
 
 JK, Envy, hate. 
 
 IMPERFECT ELEMENTS. 
 
 O
 
 STYLES OF WRITING. 
 
 Seal, Old Official, Grass, Business, Pattern. 
 
 8 
 
 . 
 
 ft* ^ f
 
 140 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 Seal, Grass, Business. 
 
 /i 
 
 fi 
 
 e 
 
 23 
 

 
 STYLES OF WRITING. 
 
 Seal, Grass, Business. 
 
 141 
 
 jt\ fit 
 
 * 
 
 
 -f 
 
 rH 
 
 as
 
 J-. 
 
 VOCABUL.ARY 
 
 OF 
 
 TWO THOUSAND FREQUENT CHARACTERS 
 
 WITH 
 
 THEIR MOST COMMON SIGNIFICATIONS, 
 
 AND 
 
 THE SOUNDS OF THE PEKING DIALECT.
 
 NOTE. 
 
 For the sake of brevity, those significations which are most 
 easily deducible, have been omitted; and the student is expected 
 to bear in mind that feature of the language which admits of the 
 same word being employed without alteration in different parts 
 
 of speech. Thus after giving \ as life it would be superfluous 
 to define it further as to live, alive, &c. 
 
 The alphabet of Mr. Edkins, to whom I am indebted for the 
 Peking sounds, differs a little from that employed in the preceding 
 parts of this book for example. * is used to express a sibillation, 
 and e has the sound of e in there. 
 
 'The following table taken from Mr. Edkins' Progressive Lessons, 
 will furnish an index to his use of the tone marks. 
 
 First tone 
 Second tone 
 Third tone 
 Fourth tone 
 Fifth tone 
 
 shang p'ing 
 
 rfe/i 
 J^- shang sheng 
 
 -^ Jjjf- c'hii sheng 
 A W juh sheng 
 p hia p'ing. 
 
 ,wu 
 
 J wu 
 
 wu' 
 
 wuh 
 
 .wu or wu
 
 THE 2H RADICALS 
 
 WITH THEIR 
 
 SOUNDS AND SIGNIFICATIONS. 
 
 1 Stroke, 
 
 \/ Ping. 
 15. W Ice - 
 
 3 Strokes. 
 
 Yih. 
 ! ' One. 
 
 n Ki 
 
 16 y L^ A bench. 
 
 PK'eu. 
 The Mouth. 
 
 Kwen. 
 Pass through. 
 
 UK'ans. 
 A receptacle. 
 
 DWe 
 To enclose. 
 
 ^ Chu. 
 3 A point. 
 
 18. 77-1 
 
 XV 1 Tau 
 
 T'u. 
 Ground, earth. 
 
 /Pih. 
 A left stroke. 
 
 .1 r A Knife. 
 
 I a 
 
 L*. S. 
 
 33 1 ^ A Scholar. 
 
 7 Yih - 
 
 5. C-J One., curved. 
 
 -fl Lih. 
 
 19. XV Strengh. 
 
 // Ch. 
 q,i J\*. To follow. 
 
 *J"X- s^ ^^ 
 
 Kflih. 
 
 /'-f Pau. 
 
 *yfr Shuai. 
 
 (j. sj .tlooked. 
 
 20. ^ To infold. 
 
 35 x'^- Walk slowly 
 
 2 Strokes, 
 
 bPi. 
 A spoon. 
 
 // Sih. 
 
 3(5. X^ Evening. 
 
 " R. 
 ~. . Two. 
 
 Fang. 
 22. | - A chest. 
 
 . 1 * Ta. 
 
 37. J V Lar re " 
 
 1 T'eu. 
 
 "P^ Hi 
 
 JL* Nii. 
 
 8. '"" A cover. 
 
 23 i.^ To conceal. 
 
 38- I3S Female. 
 
 9. A ~] 
 X V 1 Jin. 
 
 L- Shih. 
 
 24. 1 Ten. 
 
 49 ^ A child. 
 
 / (A. man. 
 
 1 J 
 
 k Poh - 
 
 25 To divine. 
 
 4Q r * A cover. 
 
 /f ^ 
 
 10. / Lj A man. 
 
 26. n i 
 
 M Tsih. 
 
 ' p Ts'un 
 41 'I An inch. 
 
 Ajuh. 
 To enter. 
 
 -- )* A seal. 
 
 Ej 
 
 /K. Siau. 
 J 1 Small. 
 
 A Pah. 
 Eight. 
 
 rHan. 
 A shelter. 
 
 13 7L " 
 
 nKiung. 
 A limit. 
 
 / S. 
 
 28. T+~-\ Dfili-ctcd. 
 
 - I?- ( Yiu. 
 
 yfj [ Distorted. 
 
 , a Mi. 
 
 ~jl Yiu. 
 
 ^*\ 
 
 14 * To cover. 
 
 V'J. .s*^- Moreover. 
 
 Jf\l -
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 44. 
 45. 
 46. 
 
 ? 
 y 
 
 IfT 
 II 
 
 Sh. 
 
 A corpse. 
 
 Ch'eh. 
 
 A sprout. 
 
 Shan. 
 A hill. 
 
 Ch'uan. 
 r A stream. 
 
 48. 
 49. 
 50. 
 51. 
 52. 
 53. 
 54. 
 55. 
 56. 
 57. 
 
 X 
 
 a 
 
 JTCl 
 
 Kung. 
 Work. 
 
 Ki. 
 
 Self. 
 
 King. 
 
 A napkin. 
 
 Kan 
 
 A shield. 
 
 Yau. 
 
 Small. 
 
 r 
 
 Vi 
 
 59. 
 
 60. 
 
 61 
 
 >^ 
 
 1 
 
 A roof. 
 
 Ying- 
 
 A journey. 
 
 Kung. 
 
 To join hands. 
 
 Yih. , 
 
 An arrow. 
 
 Kung. 
 A bow. 
 
 I Ki. 
 
 f" A Swine's head. 
 
 Shan. 
 Feathers, hair. 
 
 Ch'ih. 
 
 A short step. 
 
 G3. 
 64. 
 
 Hu - 
 
 Adoor - 
 
 Sheu. 
 A hand. 
 
 A branch. 
 1 
 
 ^1 
 
 -^ p 
 
 tC* 
 / 1 
 
 -fr 
 
 70. ^V 
 
 , 
 
 69 
 
 Literature. 
 
 Teu. 
 
 A measure. 
 
 Kin 
 A 
 
 = a Pund. 
 
 
 ^, 
 
 
 
 R 
 
 Fang. 
 
 AS< l uare ' 
 
 Wu - 
 
 Without - 
 jih. 
 
 The sun, a day. 
 
 To speak. 
 
 Yxiih. 
 The moon. 
 
 Muh. 
 Wood, timber. 
 
 K'ien. 
 
 t t 
 
 Jt 
 
 'j 
 
 > 
 
 4 Strokes. 
 
 Sing. 
 r The heart. 
 
 Ch. 
 Tost P- 
 
 Ta, 
 
 Evil. 
 
 79. 
 
 Ch'u. 
 Weapons. 
 
 Wu. 
 80. r* Do not. 
 
 81. 
 
 82. 
 
 O/ 
 yKLA 
 
 Pi. 
 
 To compare. 
 
 Mau. 
 Hair. 
 
 g3 
 
 84. 
 
 & 
 
 The family name. 
 
 K'i. 
 Breath. 
 
 J I Shue. 
 
 Y 
 
 86. 
 
 87 ' 
 
 Water 
 
 Ho. 
 Fire. 
 
 Chau. 
 Claws. 
 
 Fu. 
 
 89. 
 
 Hiau. 
 
 To imitate. 
 
 Ch'uancr. 
 Abed. 
 
 90. i 
 
 A 
 
 A splinter. 
 
 Ya 
 Teeth. 
 
 92. ^V 
 
 /4- Niu. 
 
 * I "" A cow. 
 
 93. | 
 
 q. 
 96. 
 
 97. 
 
 98. 
 ! 9H. 
 
 5 Strokes, 
 
 Huin. 
 
 Dark, sombre. 
 
 Yuh. 
 A gem. 
 
 J 
 
 4 
 
 rt/ 
 
 f*\L 
 
 -fr 
 
 Kwa. 
 
 A melon. 
 
 Wa. 
 
 A tile. 
 
 Kan. 
 
 Sweet.
 
 TABLE OF RADICALS. 
 
 /J-~ Sheng. 
 
 100. Ct Life - 
 
 101. y N To use - 
 
 aT'len. 
 A field. 
 
 103. 
 
 rNih. 
 Sick. 
 
 105. 
 .106 
 107. 
 
 108. 
 109. 
 
 Poh. 
 
 To separate. 
 
 Peh. 
 White. 
 
 P'i. 
 
 112. 
 113. 
 
 114. 
 115. 
 
 mMing. 
 A vessel. 
 
 i Muh- 
 r The eyes. 
 
 Meu. 
 
 Aspear - 
 
 Shih - 
 A stone. 
 
 I Sh. 
 
 r To show. 
 
 creep. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Growing, rice. 
 /i+ Hiiih. 
 116. / V c 
 -JL- Lih. 
 in ^J To stand. 
 
 6 Strokes, 
 
 118. 
 119. 
 120. 
 
 Chuh. 
 Bamboo. 
 
 Mi. 
 Hulled rice. 
 
 121. 
 
 ftr 
 
 123. 
 124. 
 125. 
 126. 
 127. 
 128. 
 
 129. 
 130. 
 
 31. 
 32. 
 
 Feu. 
 Earthenware. 
 
 Wang. 
 A net g 
 
 Yang. 
 Ashee P 
 
 Lau. 
 
 Aged. 
 
 R. 
 
 And, still. 
 
 Le. 
 
 R. 
 The ear. 
 
 Luh. 
 
 135. tl 
 
 ft 
 ^ 
 
 136. 
 137. 
 
 138. 
 
 139. 
 140. 
 
 Ch'eng. 
 A minister. 
 
 Ts. 
 
 Self, from. 
 
 Ch. 
 
 To, most. 
 
 Kiu. 
 
 A mortar. 
 
 Sheh. 
 
 The tongue. 
 
 Ch'uan. 
 Error. 
 
 Cheu. 
 
 Keng. 
 
 Seh. 
 Color. 
 
 1 
 
 Ts'au. 
 Grass. 
 
 141. 
 142. 
 143. 
 
 144. 
 
 145. 
 
 146. 
 
 l<Tt 
 JUL 
 
 * 
 
 A tiger. 
 
 Ch'ung. 
 Reptiles. 
 
 Hiiih. 
 Blood. 
 
 Hing. 
 Walk, work. 
 
 I. 
 Clothes. 
 
 147. 
 
 7 Strokes, 
 
 Kien. 
 To see. 
 
 Kioh. 
 Horn 
 
 148. 
 
 ; t Yien. 
 t~t Words. 
 
 ^L Kuh - 
 
 150. ''TJ A Valle 3 
 
 149. 
 
 151. 
 152. 
 153. 
 154. 
 155. 
 156. 
 
 157. 
 
 158. 
 
 159. 
 160. 
 161. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 Sh. 
 Swine. 
 
 hiai. 
 
 Reptiles, wildbeasts. 
 
 Pe. 
 
 Pearls. 
 
 Ch'ih. 
 
 Scarlet. 
 
 Tseu. 
 To walk. 
 
 Tsuh. 
 The foot. 
 
 Shin. 
 The 
 
 Kii, ch'e. 
 A chariot. 
 
 Sing. 
 Acrid. 
 
 Ch'cng. 
 Hour.
 
 ANALYTICAL RKAI>KR 
 
 1M . P J 
 
 Motion. 
 
 I 
 
 r A citv. 
 
 KH;. 
 
 1G7. 
 
 1G8. 
 1G9. 
 
 170. 
 171. 
 172, 
 173. 
 
 174. 
 175. 
 
 17G. 
 
 Liquors. 
 
 Pien. 
 
 To separate. 
 
 A mile. 
 
 8 Strokes. 
 
 Kin. 
 
 t J 
 
 I Ch'ang. 
 f Long. 
 
 Men. 
 A gate. 
 
 P I 
 
 ; Feu. 
 
 r A mound 
 
 To extend to. 
 
 Chuc. 
 Fowls. 
 
 ^. Ts'ing. 
 t Green. 
 
 Fe. 
 
 Wrong, noil 
 
 9 Strokes, 
 
 Mien. 
 The face. 
 
 Keh. 
 
 Skin, change 
 
 We. 
 
 Leather. 
 
 Kiu. 
 Leeks. 
 
 180. 
 
 M 
 
 181. 
 182. 
 183. 
 184. 
 185. 
 18G. 
 
 187. 
 188. 
 189. 
 190. 
 191. 
 192. 
 193. 
 
 Ing. 
 Sound. 
 
 Yih. 
 
 Head, a leaf. 
 
 Fung. 
 
 Wind, a custom 
 
 Fe. 
 
 To fly. 
 
 Shih. 
 To eat. 
 
 Sheu. 
 The head. 
 
 Hiang. 
 Incense. 
 
 202. 
 103. 
 
 10 Strokes, 
 
 195. 
 19G. 
 197. 
 198. 
 199. 
 100. 
 
 201. 
 
 Ma. 
 
 A horse. 
 
 Kuh. 
 Bones. 
 
 Kau. 
 
 Piau. 
 
 Long hair 
 
 Teu. 
 
 To quarrel. 
 
 Ch'ang. 
 
 A fragrant liquor. 
 
 Keh. li. 
 
 A tripod, urn. 
 
 K\ve. 
 
 A ghost, a devil. 
 
 11 Strokes. 
 
 Yu. 
 
 Fish. 
 
 A bird. 
 
 Lu. 
 Brine. 
 
 Luh. 
 A deer. 
 
 Meh. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Ma. 
 
 12 Strokes. 
 
 Hwang. 
 Yellow. 
 
 Ch'u. 
 Miller. 
 
 Heh. 
 Black - 
 
 > Ch< ' 
 
 1 Embroidery. 
 
 13 Strokes. 
 
 Min<r. 
 
 205. 
 
 mTin ? . 
 A Tnpod. 
 
 207. 
 208. 
 
 209. 
 210. 
 
 Ku 
 
 
 3 Ch'u. 
 
 A Mouse. 
 
 14 Strokes. 
 
 Ts4. 
 
 Evcn > orderl y- 
 
 15 Strokes. 
 
 Ch'. 
 The teeth. 
 
 Lung. 
 
 A Dragon. 
 
 * 16 Strokes. 
 
 0]3 
 
 214. 
 
 Kwe. 
 
 A tortaise. 
 
 17 Strokes. 
 
 A Flute.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 1. 
 
 - i- (c) i v One. 
 
 Bhancf, Above, up, to go up. 
 'Celtic, Moreover. 
 Prf (c) yu, t pu<. Not. 
 >C<hi, Seven. 
 "UT /S7u c , The world, a generation 
 
 U Ilia', Below, to go down. 
 _ -^ fian, Three. 
 
 'Ting, A sting, a nail, an in- 
 dividual, to sustain. 
 
 2. I 
 
 PJ3 'Chung, Middle, to hit the 
 centre. 
 
 3. * 
 
 'Chu, Lord, to control 
 t Wan, A ball, a pill. 
 
 .Tan, Pale red, a sovreign 
 remedy. 
 
 4. / 
 
 fihi, Sign of possessive case, 
 Pronoun of the 3rd person. 
 
 jNai, But, may-be, it is, i.e, 
 viz. 
 
 t ffu, A sign of doubt, admi- 
 ration, inquiry ; also of the 
 vocative . 
 
 , A chariot, to ride,- 
 avail of, plot. 
 
 *Chieu, A long time. 
 
 Fw (c) /a, To want, lack, 
 
 t ** ~ 
 ,Yau if^ WP dwarfish, 
 
 5. 
 
 ( 5 /e c , One, curved. 
 
 JjJ *Ye, Particle, sometimes in- 
 terrogative, even, also. 
 
 ^SJ Loan', Ian, Confusion, disor- 
 der. 
 
 T/ 'Chieu, Nine. 
 
 Vu (c) nai, Milk. 
 
 . J 
 
 /SVi*', An act, affair, to serve . 
 
 O Pronoun of 1*^. person; 
 to give. 
 
 J 'Liau, Finished, a sign of 
 the past tense. 
 
 7. n 
 
 ,Ft, Speak say. 
 
 Fa c , Secondary. A diminu- 
 tive prefix. 
 
 ~Tp" ; tl ; In, in respect to. 
 Five.
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 fj ^ ffu ( , Reciprocal. 
 
 Much more, a for- 
 tiori. 
 
 Chi<- (c) tchi, Haste, urgeney. 
 
 8. -J- 
 
 Lit (c) lieu, Six. 
 J<, Also. 
 "1 , iWang, Perish, lose, flee. 
 
 ^ ,Ching, Great, the capital, 
 
 iChiau, Intercourse, alter- 
 nate, reciprocal, 
 
 j*. ^Hiang, Enjoy. 
 
 9. A 
 
 Jen, Man. 
 
 Lai, Come. 
 
 i p Tso 1 , Make, start, arise. 
 
 'Shi, Send, cause. 
 
 t&hwen, chwerf, Propagate 
 narrate. 
 
 Pe l (c) po, An uncle, a fath- 
 er's brother, a lord. 
 
 Hin\ Belief, faithfulness, a 
 letter, 
 
 >Chin } Now, modern. 
 
 * 
 
 J/j[ >J, To take, accordingly. 
 *, But, only. 
 , Slave, servant. 
 
 ,Ho, Which? why? how? 
 &hai, Class, a plural suffix. 
 
 iLun, A category social re- 
 lations. 
 
 c , A generation, instead 
 
 of. 
 
 Pet, Complete, prepared, 
 
 'j 7^ Fu\ Prostrate, abject, to sub- 
 ject. 
 
 d, Depend on, according to. 
 \) J ^ en d-> j en , As before, still, 
 
 I/ w 
 
 yet. 
 
 f ? 7, Ceremony, form, manner. 
 Piew, Convenient, ready. 
 Fw, Impart, intrust, pay. 
 
 V" Ling 1 , Command. 
 
 'Fu, To bow the head. 
 
 ,Hieu, Improve, cultivate: 
 repair. 
 
 e w, Pron ls. pers. 
 
 1 Chiiiw, Superior, fine-look- 
 'ing. 
 
 tChu, (c) chu, Together, all. 
 &hieu, Enmity. 
 
 z Jen, Humanity, charity, 
 goodness. 
 
 Chieri, False assumption, 
 blasphemy. 
 
 fl
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 // 
 
 
 1i 
 
 t, False, deceitful. 
 Li 1 , A custom 
 >CKing, Overturn, a moment 
 ,Shang, Wound, bruise. 
 
 ShP, Wait on, wait in pre- 
 sence. 
 
 T'o (c) ,2X (c) other, pron- 
 3rd pers. 
 Jen', *jen, Bear office or bur- 
 den, ad libitum. 
 "Pan, Protect, secure. 
 ,1, Pron, 3rd pers. 
 Pi' y To cause, so that. 
 z Hie, Together with. 
 >Kung, Jcunff', Serve,minister 
 Weft, Seat, position person 
 
 *Ngeu, 'eu, Likeness, com- 
 panion, pair. 
 
 Hiang", Like, simulacrum. 
 
 Su' (c) u, Customary, com- 
 mon. 
 
 Fa\ Boast, cut, invade. 
 
 r , If, should. 
 ;, Insult. 
 
 Fu\ (c) t fo, Budha. 
 H, To be, to concern. 
 CMe\ A hero. 
 
 CJtf, (c} c e cAi Price, to meet, 
 manage. 
 
 i&hang, Pay, recompense. 
 >Hieu, Stop, good fortune. 
 Pet, Double, multiply. 
 
 J c , Ten myriads, quiet, re- 
 pose. 
 
 / |>fj Yeu\ Divine protection. 
 Fu, A captive. 
 Sfe c , To wait for, until. 
 P'ien, Uneven, partial. 
 yj C<-M fso, Sloping, oblique. 
 in, Usurp, oppress. 
 , Like, resemble. 
 
 >" 
 
 /pu 
 
 iK. *Chia, False, to borrow, sup- 
 pose. 
 
 } I, Rely, lean on. 
 
 l5C Chang* , Rely on, weapon, 
 * fight. 
 
 'j Hi 'Chin, Exactly, only, scarce- 
 
 She\ A cottage, to bestow, 
 cast away. 
 
 Chu\ Stop, dwell. 
 'Yang, To look up. 
 i, Extend, explain. 
 
 / 
 l 
 
 in, Altogether, empty, 
 as you please.
 
 10 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 , A class, a mate 
 O'hien, All. 
 Y\E JFs'ui, Urge, expedite. 
 
 / j4r ,Ping, (c) Pm/, Unite, 'com- 
 bine energies. 
 
 >Chiaj Excellent. 
 2 T'ung, Lad, urchin. 
 C'-Jieu, T'iau, Free, noble. 
 'T'ang, If, should. 
 
 Chief, Hia c , generous, care- 
 less. 
 
 |M Ngarf, Proud, insolent. 
 \ W 2 l/m0, A play actor, clever. 
 
 I I "* 
 
 Zz'<, Smart. 
 
 Pei', Side ornaments, to 
 gird, wear at the side. 
 
 T'su'j Hasten, shorten. 
 Chie t Borrow. 
 _ >Tso, Help. 
 
 iffi f'hu, Provide, store, to se- 
 cond. 
 Chiew, A piece, or article. 
 
 Heu\ Wait, inquire for, time. 
 C'hv, Wasteful. 
 
 Chie'j Attendant, usher, 
 shield, shellfish. 
 
 , Sudden, lofty. 
 
 .', A comrade. 
 } Lu, An associate. 
 ^Ngeuf, >eu, stooping. 
 iLeu, Crooked, bent. 
 
 10. JL 
 
 Jlien, Before, first. 
 /Q Jliung, Elder brother. 
 
 ^l/L 
 
 >Kwang, Light, bright. 
 3 Mien, Avoid, forgive. 
 Chart, An omen, a million. 
 
 Jit, (c) >Ri, A boy, child, a 
 euphonic. 
 
 ,Yuen, Primary, chief. 
 
 K'-o^ Overbearing, to over- 
 come. 
 
 'Yun, Promise, secure. 
 ,C l hunff, Fill, pretend. 
 
 11. A 
 
 Jrt, To enter. 
 
 iC'hiuen, Complete, perfect ; 
 all. 
 
 'Liang, Two, both, a tael. 
 |AJ Nuf, <Nei, Inside. 
 
 12. A 
 
 (c) Pa" >pa, Eight, 
 
 ,Hi, A euphonic expletive.
 
 ItL. -iC'hi, Pron, 3rd pers. 
 
 >Ping, A soldier, weapon. 
 
 >Kung, Public, just, duke. 
 -^ Kuntf, Together, in common 
 
 Chu' Complete, instruments. 
 IL *Tien, A rule, to manage. 
 
 ^Chien, To combine. 
 
 Chfc, Expect, desire. 
 
 13. n 
 
 Tsatf, Again, the second time. 
 
 VOCABULARY. H 
 
 P J 5 PPW, 5 #w (c) '&, Protuber- 
 ance, a tenon. 
 
 jj| iYau (c) >wa, A pit, valley. 
 
 is. 7} 
 
 f'hien, Before, formerly. 
 Li\ Gain, advantage, sharp. 
 
 14. 
 
 >Kwarf, Jew an, A cap, crown. 
 .Ming, Dark, obscure. 
 
 15. ^ 
 
 'p iZerc^, Cold. 
 
 ^V iZ/w^, Insult, spurn. 
 
 >Tmu, Wither. 
 N- ^Tung, Winter, to freeze. 
 
 iC'hi, Chilly, grievous. 
 
 16. JL 
 
 >Fan, All, the world. 
 J (j C%#, Bench, table. 
 
 17. U 
 
 (c) ><c</m c , Out. 
 
 Lie\ Numerous, several, clas 
 sified. 
 
 l] Tse\ So, then. 
 
 Tm iHing, Punishment. 
 
 C l hie (c) ttfhie, Divide, cut. 
 Jen', A blade, a sharp edge. 
 
 Pie~ (c) *pie, Distinguish, 
 other, don't 
 
 .Fen, A part, duty. 
 Kd, (c) Jco, To cut. 
 P'atf, Divide, decide. 
 
 |J C'hwangf, Originate, create, 
 wound. 
 
 |J Chierf, A sabre. 
 ~T\ ,Tcm, A knife, sword. 
 
 K'd, (c) fro, Carve, cut, gri- 
 ping, close, quarter of an 
 hour, a moment. 
 
 Chi\ Control, appoint, cos- 
 tume, mourning habit. 
 
 Ij ,Kang, Hard, steel.
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 Ts'V, Pierce, satirize. 
 
 II Chu<, Excessive, increa.se, 
 a farce. 
 
 Up I Hwtf, Engrave, rend asunder. 
 
 "iff I] Kiod (c) kwa, Scrape, in- 
 clude, embrace. 
 
 feu, Divide. 
 |J ,Shan, To expurgate, amend. 
 
 19. 
 
 , Strength, force. 
 /J\\ >Chia, Add, increase. 
 ?Kung, Merit, attack. 
 ^Lau, Toil, to reward. 
 
 Le\ Extort, compel, curb, 
 engrave. 
 
 C l hiuen\ Persuade, exhort. 
 Chit, Help. 
 Tung\ Move. 
 jj zC'hin, Industry, diligence. 
 
 jShtf, Force, power, posture 
 
 of affairs. 
 
 3 Yung, Valor, brave. 
 
 Li 1 , Stimulate. 
 
 'Mien, Encourage, earnest. 
 
 20. 
 
 /7ft Ww, Must not. 
 
 ,Pau, Wrap up, comprehend. 
 jP'w, Creep. 
 *Fu, Crouch. 
 
 21. 
 
 Po' (<?) pet, North. 
 
 Hwa\ Transform reform, 
 waste, flower. 
 
 5 P% 'pi, A spoon. 
 
 22. 
 
 $, A Chest. 
 'Fei, Worthless, is not. 
 
 23. 
 
 Nt, Conceal, hide. 
 
 C<-hu, Place, space, room, 
 empty. 
 
 24. 
 
 t c (c) ishi, Ten. 
 "j C'hien, A thousand. 
 
 Tsu', End, die, a soldier. 
 
 Nan, South 
 
 Pan 1 , Half. 
 ~J| iSheng, Ascend. 
 
 Po' (c) ipo, Erudite. 
 
 'Ching, Investigate, a well, 
 market.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 13 
 
 >Pei, Mean, lowly. 
 * 'Wti, Noon, the first hour. 
 
 25. j^ 
 
 *Pu, To divine. 
 
 -.Chan, Chaw, Observe augu- 
 ries, usurp. 
 
 26. [7 
 
 f c , Then, even, i. e; 
 
 Chiueri, A roll, part of a book 
 p|J Yin', Print, seal. 
 
 ^ -* 
 
 ffl 'Loan, Eggs. 
 
 27. 
 
 ' i liiue\ Pron. of 3rd person. 
 T^A lYucn, Original, of course. 
 
 ?L Heu', Thick, generous. 
 
 lor* 
 
 Ycri, Satiate, disgust. 
 
 28. 
 
 '/, An emphatic particle. 
 C'htf, Go, reject. 
 
 ^Ts'an, ,shen, A trine, toge- 
 ther, worship. 
 
 29: 
 
 Yen', Also, again. 
 >C'hu, To take. 
 
 Chi, (c) ichi, Also, in addi- 
 tion. 
 
 Shetfj To receive . 
 'Yen, A 'friend. 
 
 , Turn, contrary. 
 P'w, e To rebel. 
 
 so. 
 
 'JPew, Mouth. 
 
 JIo, Harmony, mix, togeth- 
 er with. 
 
 ptt Ming', Decree, fate, life. 
 
 
 c , Good. 
 Kaw-, Inform, proclaim. 
 3 ^o, Can, may. 
 
 --pj >Ming. Name. 
 
 i c , Ask. 
 
 ', Together, like. 
 Ko' (c} Jfo, Each, every. 
 iSij Control, manage. 
 p| Si ( j To inherit, succeed. 
 
 , A sovereign, an em- 
 
 press. 
 
 
 un. A king, a chief. 
 
 Chaw. To summon. 
 prv Tsai. A note of admiration. 
 jpj Hianp. Direction, towards. 
 
 - flu, To call, to breathe.
 
 14 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 'Feu, A negative alternative. 
 
 Chiang, Taste, a sign of the 
 past tense. 
 
 i Wu Pron, 1st pers sing. 
 
 ^Cheu, Circumference, com 
 plete. 
 
 ,Ko, Elder brother. 
 *Ku, Ancient. 
 'Shi, History. 
 u ( , Comparison, to inform. 
 ,Sang, sang, Decease, loss. 
 >Hi, Pleasure. 
 >Hien, All, entire. 
 Chv, (c) <>chi, Good luck. 
 Yen', The right hand. 
 C l hv, Vessel, instrument. 
 > c , (c) ,ho, To join, agree. 
 
 i, Single, a bill of part- rj 
 iculars. 
 
 JT'w, To weep, cry. 
 Chieifj Fault, sin. 
 
 Sh?, greedy, to. 
 
 > 
 Fa, Pha. 
 
 U, Hi. } 
 
 ;, See.J 
 
 , Merchant, to consult, 
 
 a, Excellent, auspicious. 
 Che, Wise, worthy. 
 i, Officials. 
 *Ku, Longevity. 
 ,Yen, Severe, strict. 
 Chetf, To curse, incantation. 
 ,C l hui To blow. 
 >T'un, To swallow. 
 Sh*, To devour. 
 
 (c) ,5/^? The tongue. 
 
 c , To sell. 
 >C%, Only. 
 3 P'm, Class, grade, offerings. 
 
 >Lu : A family name, a mu- 
 sical scale. 
 
 jTW, Kotow, knock the 
 head, knock at a door. 
 
 . e &hau, Ridicule. 
 
 w, Lick with the tongue. 
 
 t } A span. 
 ff, Name of a dynasty. 
 
 JIan, To contain, hold in- 
 the mouth. 
 
 3 //ii, Blow, puff. 
 >Tsii, To chew.
 
 YOCAOTEARY. 
 
 Hfw Ohio (c) chiau, To masticate. 
 Pr C'-hancf, To sing. 
 
 p ,17;?, To hum, cantillate. 
 Iliuen, Noise. 
 
 *vvlf, To open, begin. 
 
 31. 
 
 SV C , Four. 
 Yin, Because, from. 
 
 Kwe' (<?) Jcwc, Kingdom, na- 
 tion. 
 
 , * 
 
 |P| Hwei, Turn, return, 
 ^w, A map, to plot. 
 <, Firm, of course. 
 
 f, A garden. 
 K l wen\ Press, oppress. 
 JVei, In vest, besiege, around. 
 tC'kieu, A prisoner. 
 Yeu\ A park, garden. 
 
 32. . 
 
 L. '^'w, Ground, earth, opium. 
 
 [ 7V C , The earth, ground, a 
 place. 
 
 >Cld, Foundation, estate. 
 Tsav, In, on, at. 
 
 A city, a wall. 
 
 a, To condescend, let 
 down. 
 
 Cliing , Peace, region. 
 ^Yucn, A wall. 
 CJtf, To hold, control, take. 
 Pau\ To report, recompense. 
 _Yai, The soil, ground. 
 tT'anff, A hall. 
 Mu\ A tomb, grave. 
 *Jang, Ground, soil. 
 Tso^ To sit. 
 *T l an, An altar. 
 To\ To fall, 
 j^z*, To daub, mortar. 
 , Dust, earth. 
 
 , Open ground. 
 'T'an, Level ground. 
 jPJ ,K'o, Uneven ground. 
 
 3 (7'/w, Crumbling, shattered. 
 
 i c , Spoiled, ruined. 
 ^w, Firm,solid. 
 ^ c , sai\ To stop up. 
 >Tseng, To add, increase. 
 '2%, A tower. 
 jC7//'ftw, All, equal.
 
 16 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 fck 
 
 W J May, can, endure. 
 Chari, A pit, a ravine. 
 j Stairway. 
 c) ?sA, A school. 
 A coop for fowls. 
 
 33. - 
 
 j A scholar. 
 71 jl Chivang\ A bed. 
 
 c , Age, longevity. 
 
 34. 
 
 ia'-, Summer, name of 
 dynasty, of China. 
 
 36. 
 
 >To, Much, many. 
 
 / 
 
 Hi' (c) Jii, Evening. 
 Mong<, A dream. 
 Ye\ Night. 
 Wat, Outside. 
 Su l Early, north. 
 
 37. 
 
 Tct tat, Great. 
 T^ien, Heaven. 
 
 J%, A man, husband, fi 
 a teacher, fu-jin^ a lady, 
 a euphonic particle. 
 
 T<av Grand, vast. 
 
 Fix, establish, to 
 make a libation. 
 
 ^ Nat, ngat, How! 
 
 f , Earnest, energetic. 
 
 L ^Chiang, To praise, exhort. 
 Ngati, Mysterious. 
 
 ia' (c) >chia, To approach 
 from both sides. 
 / c , Vast, to gamble . 
 
 39. 
 
 Feng', Obey, receive orders. 
 Shi 1 (c) ^h'i, To lose. 
 To (c) .to, Snatch, seize. 
 /, Rare, wonderful. 
 
 JIi, How'? why'? a page, a 
 maid. 
 
 >Pen, To run. 
 
 Tseu\ A report or memori- 
 al to the sovereign, to strike 
 up music. 
 
 ~tj/r >Nu, A woman, a daughter. 
 Ju, As, like, if. 
 3 CV, A wife, 
 'Shi, Beginning. 
 Nun', Tender, fresh. 
 'Hau, Good. 
 
 > c , False, deceitful.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Fit, Woman, wife. 
 Wm, To marry. 
 
 Hincf, The family name 
 the family. 
 
 >Ying, An infant. 
 
 'Tsi, 'chic, 'chi, Elder sister. 
 
 Met, Younger sister. 
 
 , A slave. 
 }, A maid servant. 
 
 To give in marriage 
 
 Dignity, majesty, 
 prowess. 
 
 5 p JZu-i A. maiden, an aunt, a 
 
 wife's mother-in-law. 
 / Miaw, Admirable, 
 
 'T<o, Complete, satisfactory. 
 .it, Delight. 
 
 t Yen, Elegant, refined, deli- 
 cate. 
 Met, Pretty, charming. 
 
 39. 
 
 ^Ts Son, child, doctor. 
 
 _*"Y^- Tsv, Letters, the marriage 
 name, to love, nourish. 
 hu, Who? which? 
 
 5, To retain, preserve, 
 continue. 
 
 'tj^ J9nn, A grandson, gentle, 
 yielding. 
 
 i A child. 
 
 Hmu\ Filial piety. 
 
 i c , A season, the last of 
 three. 
 
 Yiinf, Pregnant. 
 
 } TO, To multiply, to swarm. 
 
 40. 
 
 i r fc 
 
 ^ ? 7, Proper, fitting, to set in 
 order. 
 
 >CV'tf, A family. 
 -^r" Ngan, Rest, quiet. 
 ~vf" 'Sheu, To hold, maintain, 
 
 /W (c) ^, Solid, real. 
 
 tYung, The face, to tolerate. 
 
 Sh?, A chamber, a house. 
 
 Kimg, A palace. 
 
 3 1W, A ruler, to slay. 
 
 ' / 
 
 ^Vw^, Certain, to fix, deter- 
 mine. 
 
 , To harm, injure. 
 iffiuen, To proclaim, publish . 
 
 , To examine, judge.
 
 18 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 5 w, A roof, house, the can- 
 opy of heaven. 
 Fu\ Rich. 
 
 iTsung, Ancestor, chief, or- 
 acle. 
 
 ^ C<hc, Search, examine, in- 
 vestigate. 
 
 3 Pw, Precious. 
 Jfuen, Injury, spleen, blame. 
 fwan, Officer, mandarin, 
 to govern. 
 
 lYien, To reverence; the 
 3rd. of the 12 hours. 
 Ko^ A guest, stranger, mer- 
 chant, customer. 
 Ninff, Tranquil, rather. 
 JZwan, Large, generous, in- 
 dulgent. 
 
 flung, Great, vast. 
 Mt, Close, secret, intimate. 
 5 #to#, Favor, affection. 
 *Kwa, Destitute, few, a wi- 
 dow. 
 
 Sri Jiu, A constellation, to 
 pass a night, lodge. 
 Yeu\ Indulge, pardon. 
 
 H J3a, Cold, frigid. 
 
 ., The globe, a circuit. 
 
 Chi'-, To lodge, convey, a 
 remainder. 
 
 41. 
 
 H T<sun', An inch. 
 
 Af 
 
 ^ ^Chiang, Take command, in- 
 tend, will be or do. 
 
 Tart, To lead. 
 
 >Tsun, To respect, reverence. 
 
 Tut, Opposite, a pair, to 
 compare. 
 
 , Special, sale. 
 CjtW, To seek, afterwards. 
 
 , To seal, appoint. 
 ij" 8he\ To shoot, 
 
 42. S\\ 
 
 /Y\ >IJiau, Small. 
 ^ 3 ShaUj Few, young. 
 
 pi Shang\ Qhang, Above, to 
 exalt, yet. 
 
 X 
 
 43. 
 
 euf Then, thereon, come 
 
 to, 
 
 ( Yeu, Blame, fault, more. 
 
 44. 
 
 Jtfi Near, familiar. 
 >Ch&j To dwell, locate.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 19 
 
 f 
 
 OJ 
 
 Wu : (c) >wu, A house. 
 'Shu, To belong to, to enjoin. 
 
 'Lu, Sandals, to walk, an 
 income. 
 
 S/fi. A corpse, an effigy. 
 
 5 ' JL / O*/ 
 
 $hi, A dead body. 
 J $/ji, A foot, a rule. 
 Chie\ To reach, arrive at. 
 >Lu, Often, repeatedly. 
 t T<seng, A story, or stratum. 
 
 46. j[| 
 
 ,SJian, Hill, mountain. 
 iCIiung, Lofty, to reverence. 
 ien, A cliff, precipice. 
 
 ',, An island. 
 >Kang, A steep high hill. 
 Ngari, A shore, bank. 
 
 ,Peng, To fall, death of a 
 prince. 
 
 JLun, A peak, summit. 
 ^Lan, The atmosphere. 
 CJii, Rough, uneven. 
 >C<-hu, Rugged. 
 t Yai, A steep bank, a cliff. 
 
 Chia\ A mountain pass, a 
 etrait. 
 
 Tat, The Taishan mts. 
 =fr Yo\ A mountain. 
 
 m\. 
 
 iCtiin, Lofty, sublime. 
 
 \j I 
 
 Ngat, at, A dizzy height. 
 Chang", A chain of hills. 
 iCheng, Eminent. 
 
 , Conspicuous. 
 
 , A peak. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ;%, An island, continent, 
 district. 
 
 >0h e wm } A stream. 
 , A nest, a lair. 
 
 48. X 
 
 L ?Kung, Work, mechanism. 
 
 c &, The left hand, wrong, 
 to aid. 
 
 C7i c u e , Huge, chief. 
 
 ^7^, jc'Aa*, Diiference, error. 
 
 '^'hiau, Skilful, cunning. 
 
 49. 
 
 3 /, Already, to stop, a eu- 
 phonic final. 
 
 ^ JP, A grip, handful, blow, 
 name of a place, sign of the 
 optative.
 
 20 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 *Chi, Self, reflex pron. 
 
 so. r|J 
 
 nj ,0km, A turban, cap, ker- 
 chief. 
 
 T } A ruler, supreme majes- 
 
 ty- 
 
 yHi, To expect, rare. 
 Mu\ Tent, tabernacle. 
 
 iShi, A master, army, multi- 
 tude. 
 
 Pw c , Cotton cloth, to spread 
 abroad. 
 
 fi'hang, Constant, always, 
 common. 
 
 "|Tj >SfA* c , A market. 
 
 Hi 7 , (c) i/, Matting, feast, 
 meal. 
 
 Tat, A belt, draw, convey. 
 P' c , A Hood, a stomacher. 
 
 Pe\ Silk stuff, wealth, mo- 
 ney. 
 
 51. 
 
 ^Nien, A year. 
 
 ,Kcm, A shield, to offend 
 serious consequences. 
 
 P/w/, United, also, even. 
 ^ tP : /w^, Level, just. 
 
 52. 
 
 Mi, 'chi, How, almost. 
 X/J Yen', Tender, youth, young. 
 c , Gloomy, dismal. 
 
 J^J Hwari, Transform, sleight 
 of hand. 
 
 53. 
 
 'P'*, To protect. 
 *Ti, Bottom. 
 *Hwang, Broad. 
 , Shu', All, almost. 
 
 Fei*-, To set aside, waste. 
 
 Tit, A degree, to measure, 
 
 estimate. 
 
 Tso', A seat, throne. 
 
 ^ "Fu, A mansion. 
 
 lYung, Constant, common, 
 to employ. 
 
 K-u\ Treasury. 
 
 tK'ang, Tranquil. 
 
 <Lang, Portico, verandah. 
 
 B* Hit, Preface, order, a col- 
 lege. 
 
 iHiang, Academy, asylum. 
 [S^ 'C'lm. A kitchen.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 21 
 
 ^fl >SV, A privy, to cleanse. 
 Chietf, Stable. 
 
 /P|C Jfieu, To protect. 
 
 i, Kitchen, butcher's 
 
 g iMi, More and more. 
 
 59. ^ 
 
 ~j] ^ fling, Form, body. 
 
 stall. 
 
 A hall. 
 
 54. 
 
 Chierf, To build, lay a foun- 
 dation. 
 
 t Yen, To prolong, to invite. 
 BJ ^Hwei, To turn back. 
 
 55. 
 
 J c , An arrow. 
 
 ShV, A model, a prop to 
 lean on. 
 
 57. 
 
 
 Chiang, ^c'hiang. Strong, vio- 
 lent. 
 
 Chang, Extend, stretch, 
 bend. 
 
 Fu\ Not. 
 
 Tti, Younger brother, dis- 
 ciple. 
 
 y I } Yin, To lead, introduction. 
 ^Kung, A bow. 
 J"0 C , Weak, feeble. 
 
 i, Beat a harp, a ball. 
 
 Chang, Display, luminous, 
 illustrate. 
 
 'T<sai, Brilliant, ornate. 
 *Ying, Shaddow. 
 
 60. 
 
 again. 
 
 ^Wang, To go. 
 Te' (c) ei, Obtain, get, can. 
 'Pi, That, adj. pron. 
 JF^sung, Follow, from. 
 zT'u, Disciple, in vain, only. 
 Hew-, After, posterity. 
 
 I c , To serve, a low official, 
 police runner. 
 
 xtfix. 
 I PA ?^&> Minute, subtile. 
 
 i ( , Treat, wait. 
 
 fan, Observe, according to. 
 
 - ^J (c) Je, Virtue. 
 >^ 
 
 5 Cheng, Advance, invade, 
 conquer. 
 
 -,Cheng, To test, examine, act. 
 
 
 /:. 
 
 Ching", A path.
 
 22 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 , Loll, stroll, lounge. 
 
 Tang, Roving, straying. 
 Hu, Gradual, at leisure. 
 
 61. 
 
 , Heart. 
 
 Wei, Only, but, think. 
 Ngd, wit, Evil, hate. 
 ^ Ngav, ai\ Love. 
 
 ^*r 
 L. 
 
 ^ 7 C , Thought, intention. 
 jy\ Pi' (c) *pi, Certainly, must 
 
 rZfc Hincf, Nature. 
 f ' * 
 
 'Kan, Feel, excite feeling. 
 Hit (c) >hu, Sudden. 
 'Jen, Cruel, patient. 
 ^K'ung, Apprehension, lest 
 
 j, Regret, repent. 
 
 i c , Please, be pleased. 
 
 Hi' (c) Jii, All, to investigate 
 
 Hw<f, hrf, Tempt, doubt, wa 
 ver. 
 
 T tJ, Dull, stupid. 
 f, Affliction. 
 , Sorrow, grief. 
 
 Dread. 
 : c , Anger. 
 
 Vl^ 
 
 , Forget. 
 f, To rely on. 
 , Grace. 
 
 1 , Favor, mercy, pity. 
 
 , Inclination, will, his- 
 tory, to record. 
 
 5 Nierf, Thought, to read. 
 
 * p? ^CJiing, Passions, affairs, na.- 
 tural feelings. 
 
 fft, Rest, cease. 
 
 tJ J , Better, to heal. 
 
 iHeng, Persevering, perma- 
 nent. 
 
 M-~ 
 
 ^ iHwai, Bosom, to feel, cher- 
 ish. 
 
 , Respect. 
 
 Pau\ Violence, oppression. 
 [ ,&hien, Guilt. 
 
 iTing, ying", Answer, ought. 
 
 
 W &, To think. 
 
 'Pm'Jlfz'w, Compassion. 
 
 I l~v* I ' -* 
 
 Hwd c , Smartness, wisdom. 
 , Mercy, tenderness. 
 ing, Proof, to rest on, 
 Haii, Hate, dislike. 
 Chi', (c),chi : Haste, urgency. 
 
 ? 
 
 iUA
 
 t) c , Passion, desire, appetite. 
 JShen\ Cautious, precise. 
 VH 'Hiang, To think, desire. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 P , 
 
 7 rt" ^> Conscious, awake. 
 
 Lfc, To care for. 
 JHwan, Pleasure. 
 JH Hwev, Comfort, kindness. 
 len, Pity, love. 
 
 r ir 
 
 T Ef ^ ( c ) $"> R e g re t) spare, 
 love. 
 
 UL 
 
 >T k TFe, Soothe, support. 
 Chung, Loyal, faithful. 
 &0 C , Dignified. 
 
 T^ -Hcw c , Hate, abhor. 
 i 
 
 'r^ / c , Think of, remember, con- 
 jecture. 
 
 c , Slow, disrespect. 
 f c , Tremble, dread". 
 
 c , Blame, complaint, 
 hate. 
 
 ^jjft Hiuen, Suspend. 
 
 ^K ^w c , Anger, rage. 
 
 r r. 
 
 | LJ f*^j Hurried, busy. 
 
 ;Jj^ J/w c , Desire, admire. 
 
 I K tVhi en ) yckan t Repent, a pen- 
 itential prayer. 
 
 trjz- z u, Mistake, error. 
 JD-suny, Haste. 
 3 ^Tm, Delight. 
 &hing\ Felicity. 
 'C^/ii, Shame, 
 Z/ew c , To dote. 
 R-wav, Quick, joyous. 
 *T<sun, Think, suspect. 
 ''Sung, Awe. 
 
 T3E fl- wm 9i Dread, apprehen- 
 sion, 
 
 ^Hwang, Hurry, confused. 
 T^, Fault, evil, badness. 
 TV, Reverence. 
 
 , Shame. 
 
 Vexation, hate. 
 , Reform. 
 
 62. 
 
 
 I 
 
 1 , Or, either, suppose, 
 some one. 
 
 , (c) 3 wo, I,pron. 1^ pers. 
 
 , Complete. 
 Zw c , Cut to pieces. 
 C r /W7^ c , Fight, battle. 
 ^ffb, A pike, a weapon.
 
 24 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 Chie\ To Caution, forbid, 
 renounce. 
 
 C'hi', A relative, sorrow. 
 
 Tab, Wear, or bear on the 
 head. 
 
 Chief, A lance, jolting, stam- 
 mering, usual. 
 
 63. 
 
 pt 
 
 j ^ 
 
 Hri, A door, family, owner. 
 
 Left, 
 
 Fang, House, room. 
 
 64. ^ 
 
 *Sheu, Hand. 
 
 Jfo, (c) MO, 
 
 ,, Take, seize. 
 
 (c) ^sa, (c) ^sa, scatter. 
 
 , Draw. 
 "Cheng, Save, succor. 
 Pab, Worship, bow down. 
 An 1 , According to. 
 ^No, Rub, move, elude. 
 iT'eu, Plunge, cast. 
 'Chu, Elevate, all. 
 'Oh, Point, finger. 
 
 .sea^compe 
 
 -ZD 
 
 I, Jiie, Convey, carry. 
 H CU, Strike. 
 ^Sau, Sweep. 
 Chit, Hold, proof. 
 iYang, Spread, display. 
 
 Chie* (c) fliie, Receive, ac- 
 cept, connect with. 
 
 r 
 
 Men, Handle, feel with the 
 hand. 
 
 Yuen, Rescue, succor. 
 : U >Chau, Tobeckon, call togeth- 
 
 er. 
 
 f^ Po c , Scatter, winnow. 
 i jn / 
 
 t T,i, Handle, take up. 
 t Ti, Oppose, balance. 
 Chu ( , Resist. 
 ST .Ts'ai, Talent, ability. 
 Shetf, Entrust, impart. 
 IFu, Sustain. 
 ^ ff'M, Hold, control. 
 
 Cho<, (c) tchai, Choose, select. 
 3 jP'm, Push. 
 
 J c . Or, either, rule, repress. 
 'Mo. Wipe, blot, paint, 
 
 iTs'au, ts'au, Hold fast, man- 
 age.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 25 
 
 *! 
 
 j 
 
 > Chang The palm, hold, con- 
 trol. 
 
 Ft 
 
 'Jang, steal. 
 
 i&heng, Receive, accept, 
 thanks. 
 
 >CMuen, Contribute, sacri- 
 fice. 
 
 Petit, Nurse, embrace, hug. 
 
 tYau, Shake, rock, skull a 
 boat. 
 
 *Ta, Whip, scourge. 
 ^Ta, Strike, beat. 
 y Ni, Decide, condemn. 
 
 Clw (c) cho, Break open, 
 take apart. 
 
 'P'w, Capture, seize. 
 Chen\ Arouse, stir up. 
 Ch* (c) flu, Cast, throw. 
 ,C l hien, Pluck, snatch. 
 
 T'an<, Jan, Test, try, sound, 
 inquire. 
 
 >C'/iau, Transcribe, copy, 
 take, confiscate. 
 
 To", Open, inaugurate. 
 ,P l an, Cling, hold to. 
 ; PW, Arrange, spread out. 
 >P l i. Cover, cloak. 
 
 / 
 
 'Yen, Veil, conceal. 
 'Wan, Draw back. 
 JIM. ^Hwei, Wield, manage. 
 
 "Fu, Beat, play on a harp. 
 jP'ae. (c) p l o ( , Pat, tap. 
 
 Chi', Choose, hinder, com- 
 pel. 
 
 *Ts l ai, Pick up, cull. 
 Pa', c tpa, Pluck up, assist . 
 Shi\ (c) ^shi Gather, pick up. 
 C'M, Break, snap. 
 <|ljj Okie', Strip, break. 
 
 C%w< } Handful, to take with 
 both hands. 
 
 Itntt 
 
 ~~ iLau, (<?) Jau, Grasp, seize. 
 3 P'w, Cast, throw away. 
 tT'oan, Knead, compress. 
 Sie, Carry in the hand. 
 
 65. 
 
 ,CM, Diverge, give, pay, 
 prop, succor. 
 
 66. 
 
 Tb, (c) di, Rival, enemy. 
 
 ChP, To cause, so that, in- 
 vestigate 
 
 Ku\ A cause, reason, there- 
 fore.
 
 A N ALYTI f 1 A I . K K A D K K 
 
 iaif, -clriau, Teach, doc- 
 trine, religion. 
 
 Chietf, Save. 
 
 Sim', Number, destiny. t 
 
 *Kai, Change, reform. 
 
 'Kan, Dare. 
 
 >Kung, Merit, attack. 
 
 Chincf, Respect, reverence. 
 
 Pav, Defeat, waste. 
 
 it It 
 
 tti Saw, >san, Scatter. 
 FJ A 
 
 Cheng', Government, polit- 
 ics. 
 
 >Sheu, Receive, collect. 
 Fancf, Release, let loose. 
 'Kau, Examine, search. 
 
 
 
 j[ ^Fu, (c) /M, Spread, diffuse 
 
 67. 
 
 ', Literature, Figures. 
 5 ^V/, Elegant. 
 
 68. 
 
 Si, This. 
 
 J| Toan\ Cut, break, by all 
 means. 
 
 C-Jii', Rebuke. 
 j/S'/w, New. renew, 
 iChin, A catty, an axe. 
 
 70. 
 
 J-j .Fang, Square, place, method, 
 
 thereon, 
 
 TsiC tsu, Family clan. 
 
 v C, In, on, pertaining to. 
 fang, Side. 
 fiht, Give. 
 
 5 Z. Stranger, company, 
 batallion. 
 
 Hiuen, Revolve, in turn. 
 
 '"Ten, A peck measure, the 
 Great Bear. 
 
 * J-P Liait, Materiel, to conject- 
 
 ure. 
 
 69. jf 
 
 3 >%, Which, what, where. 
 
 CVf/ c , Since, already, 
 jr?^, Without, privative. 
 
 72. 
 
 I e/i c , Sun, a day. 
 
 ZT?^ (c) i^z, Formerly, an- 
 ciently. 
 
 tiling, Bright, understand. 
 Shi c , To-morrow, to be, right, 
 tS/tf, Time. hour.
 
 ,Chau-, Shine, display. 
 
 Chi', Wisdom. 
 
 'Chi, Will, taste. 
 
 An', Dark. 
 
 7 C , Change, easy. 
 
 Met, Obscure, blinded. 
 
 ^- Chert, Noon, daytime. 
 _J=3L 
 
 H|H 'Wan, Evening, night. 
 JiL 'Tsau, Early. 
 
 Rtvang', Barren; desert, 
 
 Kwun, Elder brother, a 
 worm. 
 
 "Pu, Far and wide. 
 fljien, Morning, early. 
 ,Hing, A star. 
 ^C'hang, Prosperous. 
 Chan', Brief, temporary. 
 Mu', Evening, twilight. 
 T<r, Instead, fail. 
 Chi', Also, more. 
 
 Chiang', Flourishing, com- 
 fortable . 
 
 | Jut .Caking, Clear. 
 
 I * 
 
 ^Yang, Bright, fair. 
 Han', Dry weather. 
 
 , Spring. 
 
 , Sundial. 
 Yen', Evening. 
 'JEKaM, Morning. 
 5?, Bright, discriminate. 
 
 Fz/, Shine on, reflect im- 
 age. 
 
 3 -^ oan t Warm; mild. 
 
 Sr ^Ching, Admirable, pictur- 
 esque. 
 
 7 T w c , Morning. 
 
 "^m iHiun, Ten days, a good 
 
 term .for a week. 
 
 
 
 73. 
 
 Yue f , Speak, said, called. 
 Ilwcfr, Meet, can. 
 >Sku, Write, book. 
 - iT'saUj Class, sign of plural. 
 
 P|r t T<seng dseng, Sign of past 
 
 tense, a family name. 
 r=t 
 
 Tsui', Most. 
 
 JZeng keng', Change, more. 
 
 CJiff (c) fthu C<hu, Crooked, 
 injury. 
 
 JJ5J Ho', Why not? 
 Ye', hie, Drag.
 
 28 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 74. 
 
 "Yen, Indulge, forgive. 
 pj Yue'j Moon, month. 
 
 Wang', Look towards, hope. 
 
 iChau, $hau, Morning, tow- 
 ards, palace, do homage. 
 
 Sheng', Conquer, bear, sur- 
 pass. 
 
 iC'-hi, &hi, Period, expect. 
 Fu\ (c) ifu, Submit, hug. 
 ', Friend. 
 
 ttf u So, North, first of a month. 
 
 . Ye\ Business, property, fi- 
 nally. 
 
 y~ 
 
 f t&hiuen, Authority, a steel- 
 yard weight, an exception. 
 
 Mo (c) mie~, Tree top, end, 
 tip end, no more, worthless . 
 
 Chid, Frame. 
 
 T<-iau, A rod, a classifier of 
 longthings, an article, alaw. 
 
 Shu\ Bind. 
 Kai '', A stable. 
 Pgg >Chi\ Engine, opportunity. 
 
 75. 
 
 Wei\ Not yet. 
 
 Mutng hiantp, Mutual, toge- 
 ther. 
 Mrf, Wood, timber. 
 
 *Pen, Root, origin. 
 ,Tung, East. 
 Shu\ Tree, to plant. 
 *Kwo, Fruit, really. 
 
 w 
 
 lYung, Glory. 
 
 Lo\ yo\ Yd, Joy, music. 
 
 / 7 * v * 
 
 Chi 1 (c) &hi, Collect. 
 Ch (e) (Chi, Extreme, limit 
 i l j Reject, leave, castaway 
 
 \ J> >Ken, Root. 
 
 Chi, Plant, fix. 
 
 
 Jleny, heng , Perverse, cross- 
 wise. 
 
 (<;) t Chi } Thorns, brambles. 
 4-f- 
 
 T\ -<*^ t/il A rM*o i"^ r* ri 
 /I 1 AA >v/rw*i -" 'Jl <illLIl. 
 
 I A 
 
 jPe?, A cup. 
 
 f Jfjf J jff?z, Chinese olive, it be- 
 longs to the terebinthaceae . 
 
 "Lan, A kind of olive, the 
 canarium. 
 
 'Pan, Plank, board. 
 Chit, Pillar, prop. 
 Yang' Sample, pattern. 
 iLeu, Loft, story. 
 , Withered.
 
 VOCABULARY: 
 
 7/b c , (c) Jio, Seed, kernel 
 compare, search. 
 
 fipj" Ko\ (c) Jco, Reform, come. 
 
 Chang^ staff, cudgel. 
 
 'Men, Any, a certain one. 
 
 t Mu, Pattern, sample. 
 
 'C'hiai, Model. 
 
 jZ/, Forest, grove. 
 
 Ilie^ Terrace, arbor. 
 TJBl J -^ an t Railing, cage. 
 
 iMeij Door lintel. 
 
 Keu\ Join, truss of a house. 
 %~A t T'sai, Materials. 
 
 y e , A couch. 
 
 5 6" 7m, Paper mulberry. 
 
 ) Willow. 
 
 t Wu, C The eleococcus, ol- 
 < eifera, t'ung-yiu, 
 pj t T l ung, ( wood oil. 
 
 *T l au, Peach. 
 
 './, Plum, hing-li, baggage. 
 Sung, Pine, fir. 
 
 fJ Po c (c) "pai, Cedar, cypress. 
 Cha\ (c); cha, Stockade, rail- 
 ing- 
 
 76. 
 
 Chien\ Lack, owe, debt. 
 
 >A . . 
 
 IF, Wish, desire, will. 
 Ts'V, Order, next in order. 
 U, A final particle. 
 flzvan, Joy, to like. 
 Jffc >Hin, Delight. 
 
 ^V^/, Deceive, insult. 
 
 EG 
 
 A ^Ngeu, Sing, chant, recite- 
 
 77. Jh 
 
 ^Ts\ This. 
 
 ,Kwei, Return, render, yield 
 belong. 
 
 3 6%*, Stop, cease, only. 
 
 X/ c , Pass over, away, succes- 
 sive, experience. 
 
 Chentf, (c) ->clieng, Upright, 
 virtuous. 
 
 >Wu : Military, used forpu, a 
 step. 
 
 , A year, season. 
 \ Step. 
 
 ^(7'Az, -Diverge, c l lii lu a bye 
 way.
 
 3.0 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 78. 
 
 &, Evil, bad. 
 3 Si, Death. 
 y\7K. fihu. Different, really. 
 
 "C-fe* 
 
 ^(:g i2V, Cruel, barbarous. 
 /^Hc fl^^i Kill destroy, perish. 
 
 Tat, Insecure, imminent, 
 almost. 
 
 Shang, Untimely death. 
 ^TsUj Dissolution, death. 
 
 79. 
 
 fihu, A spear. 
 ^ SM, (c} yslia, To kill. 
 
 J( Tien, Temple. 
 
 n. 
 ^Htvei, Destroy 
 
 3 TVw, Zealous, great. 
 jPaw, A kind, the same. 
 ^^ C'hio\ Shell, husk. 
 
 80. 
 
 .Tfzf, WM, Do not, a denial. 
 j J/, Mother. 
 5 J!/<?, Each, every. 
 TM C , (c) { ^M Poison. 
 
 . M * . . 
 
 NL ' ^ nei> i 8n j nurture, train. 
 
 81. 
 
 3 P/, To compare. 
 
 82. 
 
 z Mau, Hair, wool. 
 
 hair, down, a mote. 
 
 83. 
 
 t Mm, People, a plebeian. 
 
 Sh?, Family, suffix to a wo- 
 man's name. 
 
 84. 
 
 af C^/!z c , Breath, any gaseous 
 body, matter, anger. 
 
 85. 
 
 f, Water. 
 zChieu, Seek, desire, pray. 
 Fctfa\fa, Law, mode, method. 
 
 >^ 3l i Tepid, warm, mild, 
 gentle. 
 
 X Thou. 
 
 Jfo c , ;c/, Sink, die, not. no, 
 
 name. 
 
 , Deep. 
 
 'JK, To wash. 
 jJETo, River, canal* 
 
 Ipf 
 
 , Govern, manage.
 
 y 
 
 >Ska, Sand. 
 
 ,C/icu, Island, continent. 
 
 PW C , Divide, appoint. 
 
 >Hai, The sea. 
 
 Mu, Filthy. 
 
 Mie\ Quench destroy. 
 
 ^Chie, Cleanse, purity. 
 
 ,Po, A wave. 
 
 V p Htvo' (c) Jiwo, Alive, mobile, 
 lively. 
 
 yj|j "Cliieu, Wine. 
 
 y ,Yeu, Oil. 
 
 Yw { Zz'0tt, Flow, glide. 
 
 'Yung, Long, for ever. 
 
 6%/ c , Cross a ferry, to give 
 charity. 
 
 z Yin, Adulterous, profligate, 
 
 excess. 
 
 V H Ohi^ To weep. 
 y prt filing, Pure, clear. 
 yifc JIung, Great, vast. 
 Yu -fllian, Moisten, tinge, infect, 
 wash the feet. 
 
 Y I. 
 
 3E 
 
 y 
 
 
 receive favor. 
 Chiang Gradual. 
 
 V 
 
 7, Mud. 
 
 "lie, A pool, favor. 
 Kwun\ Pour, irrigate. 
 ffMuen, Fountain, money. 
 ^Cltiang, River. 
 , Ocean. 
 , Full. 
 
 , Source, fountain. 
 JIu, Lake, 
 
 Hari, Name of a river, of a 
 dynasty, of the Chinese. 
 
 t&/ien, To drown, sink, 
 perish. 
 
 iLun, Eddy, gulf, sink, per- 
 ish. 
 
 *Ko, Thirst. 
 >Pm, Bank, brink,. 
 
 8o\ Trace up, go against the 
 current. 
 
 Leu, Leak, omit. 
 Tu\ Ferry, to cross over. 
 >Hiau, Melt, waste away. 
 'Lau, Flood, excess of rain. 
 z Feu, Float, swim, superficial. 
 Wei', Name of a turbid river. 
 >Chin, A ford, ferry.
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 \-&' 
 
 C l hau, Tide, damp. 
 
 ^Hwang, A lake, pool, cJwang 
 liwang, embellishment. 
 
 > Names of rivers. 
 Lin, Drip, trickle. 
 
 V 
 
 vR") 
 
 v, Excite, impede. 
 
 Lari, A flood, excess, intru- 
 sive. 
 
 Che', Fathom, estimate 
 measure. 
 
 , Vast, quiet, opulent. 
 
 Y 
 
 Tsut, To dip, dye. 
 Hieu, To swim. 
 Shi,(c)shf, Wet, damp,most 
 T<i e , To weep. 
 i c , Tears. 
 , Vast. 
 
 U, To multiply. 
 
 86. 
 
 'Hwo, Fire. 
 f, Not. 
 
 k'nj '^ ;z ; Euphonic. 
 
 tTTez, Be, become, make, do. 
 vJan, So, yet. 
 
 lYing, Plan, plot, camp, le- 
 erion. 
 
 , Consume. 
 ie\ Fierce, brave. 
 
 fjtfl -Wu, A crow, black, what? 
 
 where ? 
 <<< 
 
 m 
 
 tTsaij Calamity. 
 Fan, Burn. 
 5 Yen, Smoke, tobacco. 
 "Hwei, Destroy, 
 , Kindle, 
 
 , A Lamp. 
 
 Chau\ Shine, enlighten. 
 Jo\ Heat. 
 
 K\\ 
 
 JSiun, Merit. 
 
 Fan, Vex, perplex, trouble. 
 tji Hie, Temper, mingle, bland, 
 Yen\ -yen. 
 ChV, Kindle. 
 ^ Yen', Flame. 
 
 c , Flash, explode. 
 Brilliant. 
 
 >^
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 33 
 
 I*] Lari, Bright, torn, rotten. 
 ydji ytlwci, Splendor. 
 y(qp Jlwang, Lustre. 
 ~^ -.P'-cng, Bake, roast. 
 JIi : Bright, glorious. 
 'Chu, Boil, cook. 
 
 87. 
 
 ^C/ienffj Contend, strive. 
 5 Yuen } Therefore, at, in, next 
 
 hj- Chio\ (o) chio, Rank, title 
 office. 
 
 88. 
 
 Fit, Father. 
 
 'HR 5 Fe, Father, combined in 
 various titles. 
 
 89. 
 
 it, Thou, a particle. 
 
 90. ;H 
 
 TjyjV iC'hwang, Bed, bed stead. 
 
 91. # 
 
 P'ien', A strip, slip, leaf. 
 
 Yeu\ Door, window, to in- 
 struct. 
 
 92. 
 
 ,Ya Teeth. 
 
 93. 
 
 Wit, Thing, animal. 
 
 /* 
 
 TT* /vtrtij Cow, ox. 
 S J^M, Male. 
 
 2V, Special, intentional, an 
 ox. , 
 
 Tu\ (c) Ju, A calf. 
 
 Mu\ Shepherd, herdsman. 
 ,C'/iien, Lead, draw. 
 
 iSheny, Cattle, beasts for sa- 
 crifice. 
 
 , Firm, prison, a victim 
 for sacrifice. 
 
 94. it 
 
 t Yeu, Yet, like. 
 jjTT Z7 c , Prison, law suit. 
 
 nflff^ 
 
 S/^ 8heu\ Wild beast. 
 
 ^ Hicn, Present, offer. 
 Fart, Violate, offend. 
 IJtvo'j hu\ Take, obtain. 
 Tu\ (c) z tu, Alone, single. 
 tS^wanffj Mad, foolish, sport. 
 'CMuen, A dog. 
 fihi, A lion. 
 
 rjir Chwantf, Form, a lawyer's 
 brief.
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 Hitf, (c) Jiia, Narrow stupid 
 Lie 1 , Catch, hunt. 
 
 95. 
 
 , Coral. 
 
 .Lin, A kind of precious 
 stone 
 
 Shwav, Lead, imitate, all. 
 
 ,2V, This, it. 
 
 Hiucn, if/uen. Sombre, mys- 
 
 ? / t/ ' 
 
 terious . 
 
 96. IE 
 
 .,g King, prince. 
 A principle, to govern 
 ; c , A harp of many strings . 
 , A ring, circle, around. 
 ., Class, to distribute. 
 Gem, jade. 
 MI, Harp, lute. 
 
 , Pearl. 
 .Ohieu, Globe. 
 
 |j| ,Chi, An astronomical in- 
 strument. 
 
 Warf, Joy, amusement. 
 Tien 1 , A flaw. 
 'J?r, Ear ring, pendant. 
 Chit, Pearl, jewel 
 Fv, A precious gem. 
 -, Emerald. 
 
 5 
 
 , Neck ornaments. 
 ^ffu, Amber. 
 'Chieu, Ebony. 
 iTwii, Lustre of a gem. 
 
 , Sparkling. 
 ^ Auspicious. 
 
 97. 
 
 , A melon. 
 
 . Tile, earthen ware. 
 
 99. 
 
 z c (<?) shen, Intense, ex- 
 cessive. 
 
 Jfan, Sweet, willing. 
 
 100. 
 
 fiheng, Life to impart life ; 
 produce. 
 
 'C'han, To give birth, an es 
 tate. 
 
 Sttj To revive. 
 
 101. 
 
 Yung*, Use.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 35 
 
 102. 
 
 / ; , Different, strange. 
 
 ^Tang\ tang^ Ought, proper, 
 in, on. 
 
 i, From, out of. 
 >Shen, Extend, repeat. 
 tT'icn, Field. 
 t Nan : A male, a son. 
 Chie\ Boundary. 
 HI A c , c'/m, Cattle, to breed. 
 ^4*. P/c, ( c ) t pi, Ended, finished. 
 
 j9 
 
 
 '<?M, Detain, delay. 
 
 (7//a c , 'cAwif, Mail, a cyclic 
 character, the first. 
 
 s Fear, reverence. 
 
 o\ liau\ Brief,compendious. 
 
 A^, Class,sort, field. 
 
 , Footstep, change, times 
 of repetition, foreign. 
 
 P, Give, bestow. 
 
 i Bound, limit. 
 c , Painting, a pen stroke. 
 "Mu, A mow, 7260 sq, ft. 
 
 103. 
 
 5 P'?; A piece of cloth. 
 
 ;/, Doubt, used, also for 
 to determine. 
 
 >8hu, Herbs,open, coarse. 
 Whit-, Pain, grief. 
 
 104. 
 
 Ping\ Sickness. 
 Chi*, (c) ichi, Malady. 
 T l ung\ (c) z fcng, Pain. 
 flen, A shade, a scar. 
 
 105. yt 
 
 ,Teng, Ascend. 
 
 Fa' (c) /, Raise, start, pro- 
 duce. 
 
 106. A 
 
 Pr (c) ,po, "pai, A hundred. 
 
 S C%8>, All. 
 
 Po c (c) *, White. 
 
 ^Hwang, Greatest, emperor. 
 
 n >ti (c) ili, Target, exact, 
 a particle. 
 
 107. 
 
 f'i, Skin. 
 
 108. 
 
 / c , More, advantage. 
 Shcng^heng^ Full, abundant.
 
 3G 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 JJJL -Ying, Full, overflowing. 
 
 Chin', Exhaust, finish, alto- 
 gether. 
 Chiew, Note, survey. 
 
 Ho', Why not? 
 
 'Min, Vessel, instrument, 
 
 Tarf, Rob. 
 
 -Meny, Alliance. 
 
 -fan, Dish, board. 
 
 ' c , A tub, large, enlarge 
 
 109. g 
 
 i, True. 
 
 2V (c) ,tu, Supervise. 
 Chung', Many. 
 f, Eye. 
 
 Chiuetf, A relative, to pro 
 
 tect, 
 
 Cltf (c) ichi, Straight. 
 
 Chi' (c) _chi, Locate, dispose of 
 
 "Hiny *sheng, Examine, spare 
 province. 
 
 JTwra, tfarf, Look, see. 
 'Yen, Eyes. 
 'Ku, Blind. 
 
 t, Blind. 
 
 [, Look at. 
 
 'Shu, Observe intently. 
 zMien, Slumber. 
 Shut, Sleep. 
 Shun 1 , Wink of an eye. 
 PW, Look, hope. 
 T$, A glance. 
 
 no. 
 
 u, Spear. 
 
 Wu : , Business, earnestly. 
 >Chin, Boast, admire, pity. 
 
 ill. 
 
 ,Ch^, Know. 
 
 Shi', Arrow, an oath. 
 
 "loan, Short, 
 
 'Sheii, How much more. 
 
 112. 
 
 Sh? (c) tshi, Stone. 
 P~o\ Break, burst, open, 
 
 P>an, A broad, rock. 
 
 Mo (c) mo, A milstone. 
 
 ? V / 
 
 .Lieu, Sulphur. 
 
 C'khuf, A stone bell or cym- 
 bal. 
 
 Ma, Cornelian, a yard, nu- 
 merical figures.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 37 
 
 
 JVau, Agate, cornelian. 
 
 |JJJ\ 3 ^ w j A- ^ ne stone, but no 
 a gem. 
 
 >Fu, A stone, a false gem 
 C l hio c , Solid, real, reliable 
 
 113. ^ 
 
 Shen, God, spirit. 
 ^ Chv, Sacrifice, offering. 
 jffcrt Fu\ (c) C/M, Happiness. 
 
 TfiS 3 Zz, Rites, politeness, pro- 
 priety. 
 
 Sh?, To view, to treat. 
 ^ CJdn\ Prohibit. 
 
 chu, Bless, pray. 
 r 'hi, Pray, beg. 
 *tau. Supplicate, Pray. 
 
 / X J. * V 
 
 , Misery, calamity. 
 
 i'', Show, inform, a man- 
 ifesto. 
 
 1.EL ^su, Grandfather, ancestor. 
 
 lip" ^ u ) ^^ ss > prosperity. 
 |jP Si\ Sacrifice, offering. 
 
 >#; Withstand, resist. 
 
 tSiang, Prosperity, luck. 
 
 114. |^ 
 
 tw, Fowls, birds. 
 
 115. 
 
 t Ho } Growing rice. 
 
 >Su, Revive, Yesu, Jesus. 
 
 >&heng c"heng\ Praise, ad- 
 dress, weigh, fit. 
 
 Kti (c) Jew, Grain. 
 ^ >$&, Private, selfish. 
 
 Chung' ,chung. Plant, kind, 
 sort. 
 
 ffhi, Search, examine. 
 
 'Ping, Hold fast, adhere, 
 handful. 
 
 
 
 ^ c (c) z chi, Collect, store up . 
 Shut. Taxes, duties. 
 TTs Filth. 
 t /, Move, change. 
 f*i Secret. 
 flhengr, Road, journey. 
 
 ieu ) Autumn. 
 
 >Zm, Store house. 
 
 j^ J 17w, Firm, secure. 
 
 m, Name of a dynasty. 
 wtf) Bloom,flourish,elegant. 
 
 Mu\ Sublime, benign. 
 
 i i / /-^-* 
 
 1 lO. ^/^ 
 
 iud thiue, Cave, tomb.
 
 38 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 Rung kimyt, Empty. 
 'Chii'm, Persecute. 
 ^Ohmng, Exhaust, poor. 
 ie\ Steal, stealthy. 
 
 IP, 
 
 j^rp 
 
 f*L fthiung, Lofty, canopy oi 
 heaven. 
 
 (c) >tu, Sudden, rush. 
 fr iChieu, Search out. 
 , Window. 
 i, Pry, spy. 
 
 117. JL 
 
 \f Jj : Stand. 
 
 ,Chang, Chapter, display. 
 
 Bjl Ttf (c) t Ta, Answer. 
 
 >P'ien, Essay, chapter, sec- 
 tion. 
 
 ][j|jj Toan, Correct, an item, com- 
 mencement. 
 
 7, Boy, maiden. 
 
 Chi? (c) chie, Exhaust, com- 
 plete. 
 
 t3 China 1 : Finally. 
 ^^\^ 
 
 Jj T Chu\ Stand, cause to stand. 
 tft? Chin<f, Strive, earnest. 
 
 1 18. ^ 
 
 Ti\ Number, mansion, only 
 *Teng, Class, equal, &c. 
 Chip (c) Chie, Joint, verse. 
 Clnf, Found, build. 
 
 Hiau\ Laugh, smile. 
 *CMen, Brief, convenient. 
 ^Yen^ Feast, invite. 
 u . 'Tu, Real, sincere. 
 ^Kwan, Govern. 
 Soarf, Estimate, calculate. 
 JTsen (c) >Tsan, Hairpin. 
 ]f Chw, Chopstick. 
 'Pi, Pencil. 
 Chtf (c) ichtij Bamboo. 
 iffiau, Flute, flageolet. 
 zJ7 } Piper. 
 
 119. 
 
 'Jfcf/, Rice. 
 
 iChing, Essence, fine, accu- 
 rate. 
 
 |@[ ,ZV, Coarse. 
 
 ^Liancf, Provender. 
 'Fen, Starch, flour. 
 
 120. 
 
 & M Yo\ (c) >yo, Agreemeut, nar- 
 row, spnving. 
 
 M.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Sw, Plain, unadorned, ordi- 
 narv, hitherto. 
 
 */ / 
 
 |V .j. Hi", Fine, small. 
 
 ^^ Yuen, Because, therefore 
 a hidden harmony. 
 
 <$* >Chung, End, final, not at all 
 
 Chid, (<?) .<?/<?, Tie, connect 
 5 TfH, Connect, only, merely 
 
 |* ^Tsung, Generally, altoge- 
 ther. 
 
 'T'uny, Entire, general. 
 
 Chiue', (<?).. chiue, Cut oft', ex- 
 tinguish. 
 
 db 
 
 f c , Period of 12 years, a 
 record. 
 
 >jrr- .China, Rule, classic, warp, 
 
 rj *_ 9 . 3 e/ / ' / J. / 
 
 longitude, experience. 
 
 3 P^w, To twine, compose 
 verses or books. 
 
 Net, Pay, give, receive. 
 Chi-, (c] *chi, 7cei, Give. 
 , Main principles. 
 
 t Mien, Floss, cottony silk, 
 extended, connected. 
 
 ^simg^tsung^tsunfj\ Let loose 
 suppose, a direct line; 
 
 ?i To succeed, connect 
 with. 
 
 . Numerous, abundant. 
 
 /pli tO { hunj Pure sincere, perfect. 
 IPI'ifiw^, A net. 
 ft X ^MW^, Red. 
 
 Ts c an\ chan, A rip, rent,hole. 
 '/Sb, 5o c , A cord, to seek. 
 Hi', Tie, bind. 
 Hi', Family line, connect. 
 
 'Wei, Transverse, woof, lat- 
 itude. 
 
 Mien', Fine threads, connect- 
 ed thought, ponder. 
 
 ffijfc i^iau, \ Wind around, en- 
 ( viron, saunter. 
 
 3 Z*, A filament, a nice dis- 
 tinction. 
 
 2V, Indissolubly joined, 
 adapted. 
 
 Mien, Floss, extended, con- 
 nected. 
 
 ^pjf 'C'hi, Silk gauze. 
 
 jC7, Grass cloth. 
 
 Jli, Hemp cloth. 
 jj^pj Hierf, Embroider, decorate. 
 
 >8i, Silk thread, raw silk. 
 j5^ IM\ (c) Itf, Green. 
 ^ *Ld, Often, entangle.
 
 40 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 , Fringe, tape, badge 01 
 office. 
 
 iC'heu, Draw threads for 
 weaving, silk, pongee. 
 
 /', Draw out, unravel, long, 
 utmost. 
 
 i\ Twist, join, continue, 
 compose ; pursue, seize. 
 
 121. & 
 
 C'hiue'^c^tfhiue, Deficit, gap, 
 few. 
 
 122. 
 
 Tsuv, Sin, guilt. 
 f Lo } A net, gauze. 
 5 J9#, Rare, admire. 
 
 =fj .F0 C (c) /, Punish, fine. 
 
 pn 
 
 o J/, Encounter. 
 
 Shu' (c) ^shu, Yamun, office, 
 manage, act pro tempore. 
 
 'Wang, Without, privative. 
 
 123. ^ 
 
 .HK tYang, Sheep, goat. 
 bn,) Herd. 
 
 / c , Justice, righteousness, 
 
 kindness, friendship, patriot- 
 ism. 
 
 "Mei, Beautiful. 
 
 v, Lamb. 
 >Hieu, Shame. 
 Hiew, Covet, long for. 
 >Shan, Fetid, rank odor. 
 
 124. 
 
 ffaif, A quill. 
 
 3 
 
 / c , Wing, aid. 
 
 Hi' (c) i/b', Repeat, imitate, 
 learn. 
 
 ten, Destroy. 
 Fsuv, A green bird. 
 Yo> yau\ Splendor. 
 Hi*, Unite, combine. 
 'Chu, To soar. 
 iHiang, Gyrate. 
 \ tNgau, Hover. 
 eCfriotf, High, raise the head. 
 
 125. ^ 
 
 'Che, A relative ref. to per- 
 sons and things. 
 
 'Lau, Old, aged. 
 Mt, Aged, an elder. 
 
 >Keu : Superannuated wrin- 
 kled. 
 
 126. fljj 
 
 fjffo, And, but.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 41 
 
 , Solely, bent on. 
 my Na, Patience perseverance 
 
 127. ^ 
 
 >Keng : Plow. 
 
 128. ^ 
 
 'Ri, Ear, a euphonic. 
 * Shentfj Sacred, sage, holy. 
 .T4ng fing\ Hear, allow. 
 iWen, Hear, perceive. 
 
 f Ya (c) ye, Interrogative fi- 
 nal, Ye su, Jesus. 
 
 fiheng, Sound, report. 
 Ohu, Collect. 
 J?R ,T<sung, Wise, quickeared. 
 c) !<?/*, Office. 
 , Deaf. 
 ien, Unite. 
 
 129. 
 
 & 
 
 c , Strike, commence. 
 Sw, Respectful. 
 / c , Practice, assiduous. 
 
 130. 
 
 Ju' (c)jei, Flesh. 
 r<0 ' ( 6> ) '^' Extrieate - 
 
 A 
 
 O 
 tr 
 
 m 
 
 
 , Grease, anoint. 
 
 , Back, carry on the back, 
 turn the back, recite. 
 
 ,Tm, The womb, 
 i/s Rear, nurture. 
 ^'K'-en, Willing. 
 ? jP<?z, Leg bones. 
 Fei, Fat. 
 
 >Tan, Gall, courage. 
 ^Fu, Bosom, belly, 
 /u, Skin. 
 >Pau, Womb. 
 5 PV, Conception, 
 ziw, Order, record. 
 , Fat, essence. 
 
 5J Tw, Why? Northern bar- 
 barians. 
 
 I 
 
 i<7, A fishy odor. 
 t Yau t Meats, viands. 
 >Loan, Joan, Minced meat. 
 'Fu, Decayed, rotten. 
 
 &, Altogether, almost. 
 
 131. g 
 
 , Officer, liege. 
 t Lm, Arrive, confront.
 
 42 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 Wo\ Slumber. 
 
 132. g 
 
 Tsf, Self, of course, from. 
 ffieu' (c) c'hetf, Smell, decay 
 
 133. ^ 
 
 Chi\ Arrive at, most, 
 I Tau\ To, at, arrive. 
 ,*/, Terrace, stage. 
 
 ^. ,Chen, Arrive, extend, in the 
 highest degree. 
 
 134. 
 
 ative ? 
 
 Chieu\ Old, ancient. 
 
 _ >ffmff, Rise, raise, flourish. 
 
 \ 
 i 
 
 jjr, Bear aloft, sustain. 
 
 135. -^ 
 
 She, Cottage, yield, give up. 
 
 137. 
 
 >Cheu : Ship, vessel. 
 fkwcn, Boat, ship. 
 
 138. 
 
 U iLiang, Good, virtuous, rather 
 'en. Difficult. 
 
 139. 
 
 Se ( shtf (c) \shai, Color, beau- 
 ty, amorous. 
 
 140. jfnfi 
 
 Wart, A myriad, all. 
 
 Jo', If, suppose, like, that, 
 his, its. 
 
 v, Because, cover. 
 Jtwa, Flower, glory. 
 
 tMaiff, >meng, Simple, cover, 
 receive favor. 
 >Ju : Bitter. 
 
 Tsantf, Inter. 
 ien, "Water lily. 
 
 ., A flower, Aglaia odor- 
 ata. 
 
 ~ 
 
 &8ang, tsang , Conceal, store. 
 
 Mo\ No, not, must not. 
 ,Ying, Bloom, brave, heroic. 
 Jlwa, Flower. 
 
 ie\ Reliance, pretext, re- 
 
 cord. 
 
 .Twit. 
 
 Grape. 
 
 Clio'- chw, An affix expres- 
 sive of completion, to send, 
 publish, display.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 43 
 
 Ld (c) law, Fall. 
 'Kcu, If, doubtful, irregulai 
 > Twang, Azure. 
 P<? (c) qmu, Thin. 
 I Po< (c) t pau, Protect. 
 
 Htf Jw, Lotus, to bear, re- 
 ceive favor. 
 
 Pi ( , Veil, to obscure. 
 "Miau, Minute, slight. 
 Ytf (c) yatf, Medecine. 
 *Fu, #vu, Weeds, rubbish. 
 f, Death of a noble. 
 
 wo, Fruits. 
 
 : , Leaves. 
 
 revive. 
 *T<sau, Grass. 
 
 t Miau, Germ, aboriginal. 
 
 Maw, meit, Flourishing, ab- 
 undant. 
 
 Chien, Recommend. 
 "Ko (c) Jco, Flax. 
 Yirt, Shade. 
 
 ', Pasture, park, luxu- 
 
 k, Plant, cultivate, craft, art, 
 Hti, Nourish, hoard. 
 Ts'ai, Herbs. 
 Wei, Pot herbs. 
 
 fw'ei, Malvaceous plants, 
 the sunflower. 
 
 Chie\ Mustard. 
 
 >Fen, Perfume of opening 
 
 flowers. 
 
 Tanrj, Vagrant, vast. 
 
 Luxuriant. 
 
 141. 
 
 "C'hu, C</iu<, Place, dwell. 
 flu, Empty, vain. 
 
 jj/L -^S Sign, title, cry. 
 
 riant. 
 
 t Fragrance. 
 
 1i hien, Earnest, devout. 
 
 ^ c , (c) niaif, Oppress, in- 
 jure. 
 
 "Lo, Prisoner, ravage. 
 
 142. 
 
 ', Serpent. 
 Mf, Honey. 
 
 tC'/tung ; Insect, worm. 
 tMan, Savage. 
 \$fe ^o, A Small sea shell.
 
 44 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 pp 
 
 r , Locust. 
 ,ffi((, Shrimp, crawfish. 
 "Ko (c) Jco, Oyster, muscle. 
 t T l san, Silk worm. 
 ,Chu } Spider. 
 >I7w, Earthworm. 
 fiVian, A kind of locust. 
 / c , Ants. 
 lng : Flies. 
 
 143. 
 
 144. 
 
 %ang, Walk, act, hong. 
 >Chie, Street. 
 
 /lf ^Ac, Method. 
 
 cOA*, Street, road. 
 
 , Transverse. 
 
 ' 
 
 Jbn, Inundate, amplify. 
 iffiuen. Brag, boast, display, 
 for BT to dazzle. 
 
 145. 
 
 J, Clothes. 
 j^'/zz/, Beginning. 
 
 ' c , Receive, prefix to pas- 
 sive verbs. 
 
 ,/, Posterity. 
 
 >Ai, Grief, sorrow melan- 
 cholly. 
 
 SOOS 
 
 Hv, (c) t hi, Lurk, take by sur- 
 prise, hereditary. 
 
 ^Chuntfj Heart, nature. 
 
 :U 
 
 ?, Manufacture. 
 ,Shwai, Decay. 
 f L au, Mantle robe. 
 iNang, Bag, sack, yesterday. 
 'Ptf, Patch, mend. 
 
 'Pwtw, Outside, display, ex- 
 ample. 
 
 5 Zo, Naked. 
 
 t O l hanff, Clothes, lower gar- 
 ments. 
 
 Fu\ Repeated, double. 
 tC'hieu, Jacket, vest. 
 ^ ,Chm, Skirt. 
 HIM, Sleeve. 
 
 >Cliwang, Adorn, repair, lade 
 a ship. 
 
 jj z, Cut, trim, shear. 
 Lie 1 , Rend, tear.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 146. JPJ 
 
 jSj ,-#*, West. 
 
 * Yaif, Wish, will, important. 
 Fu\ Reply, repeat. 
 
 IIo\ Investigate, search, ve- 
 rifv, distinguish. 
 
 / * 
 
 147. 
 
 Chieri, hien\ See, be seen, ap- 
 pear. 
 
 ^ C'-ldn, Kindred, intimacy, 
 self, own. 
 
 IIicn\ At present, appear. 
 ^Kwan, Behold, consider. 
 
 Chio : j (c) chiau\ Conscious, 
 feel, awake. 
 
 TW, Look, see. 
 
 rt 
 
 P Chiri, Interview with a su- 
 perior. 
 
 Ti\ See, face to face. 
 M$, Seek. 
 
 148. ^ 
 
 tH Chio\ (c) 'chiau, Horn, corner . 
 'Okie, Untie, explain. 
 
 JIu, ku, Square, law, plan, 
 a square vessel, a wine cup. 
 
 149. ~= 
 
 L t . 
 
 g lYcu, Words, speak. 
 
 Wet, Say, call. 
 
 >Chu, Many, all, plural pre- 
 fix, in, at. 
 
 pj|| Iliuri, Instruct. 
 
 fLiany, Full, minute, in de- 
 tail. 
 
 P l i f , Compare, parable. 
 
 ; c , Try, endeavor. 
 
 , Edict, command. 
 
 
 
 i Ordinance, command- 
 ment. 
 
 , Plan, plot. 
 
 i, Ought, altogether, the 
 said. 
 
 Hie, To thank, to decline. 
 
 p^" ^Hu, Promise, intensive par- 
 ticle. 
 gj] "Tsu, Curse, imprecation. 
 
 grrt ^O'hiny, Invite, request, in- 
 quire. 
 
 "^ EzJ / v/y 77 i^T*1 1 Cf^ 
 
 ^Q Chi, Record, remember. 
 C'-lieng, Sincere, honest. 
 *" Olicng, Evidence, witness. 
 
 t 
 
 pp *^i Words, discourse. 
 
 = /., Visit. [rativc 
 
 S1woo\ (c) >shwo. Speak, nar-
 
 46 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 g I Chi r -, Count, calculate. 
 
 pf jShui, Who 1 
 
 gffi Jantf, Yield, relinquish. 
 
 hm, Discourse, treatise. 
 
 f, Oath, swear. 
 
 
 ^flfe ^'"j ( c ) ?' s '^> Know, remem- 
 ber. 
 
 P^ -^' Discuss, negotiate. 
 /|| Pz'cw, Turn, change. 
 jjj^ Suntf, Accuse, law suit. 
 g"m t Ts l i, Words, verses, state- 
 
 Tu', (c) fu, Read. 
 
 ^- Jcw : , Recognize, acknowl- 
 edge. 
 
 ment. 
 
 -ZX. rr L T> 
 
 " Kw*a, 15oast. 
 Okie', Inquire. 
 
 Chin, Careful, respectful. 
 
 '"*& 
 
 Sr f U, Praise. 
 
 f-ft Pan<f, Slander. 
 
 Wu ( , Mistake, error. 
 
 Jfieu ( , Error. 
 
 iT'iau, tiau^ Turn, temper, 
 
 
 
 - ZT '' t ( c ) J ^ Entrust, pre- 
 tend. 
 
 rTa ^%^ c j Summon. 
 
 37? r"^ c , Win, beguile, persuade 
 
 nS Hwev. Instruct, admonish. 
 H*/" 
 
 p[p2. ^ff eu t Recite, sing. 
 
 <, Read, recite. 
 
 r^p 
 
 p^F fifa, Verses, poetry. 
 pflE ^Chiang, Speak, discoui-se. 
 g^L Taw, Birth, advent of 
 
 mix. 
 
 * 
 
 Piew, Eloquent, distinguish, 
 vindicate. 
 
 Ya\ Frightened, astonished. 
 
 FJH " Ci han, Flattery. 
 
 t 9 
 
 } Chi, Ridicule. 
 jP'wj/7, Censure, criticism. 
 r, Sing. 
 
 \e, Harmony. 
 a ^Chu\ Who? 
 great man, great, false. gpf ^Pu, Record, catalogue. 
 
 en, Rebuke, punish. 
 
 pl^ '^wez, Deceit. 
 plit *C'hi en i Modest, 
 
 pfl\ ,Tseu, Consult, inquire. 
 
 >Chinff, Warn, caution, ex- 
 hort to respect.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 47 
 
 150. 
 
 \ 0) .'&,. Valley. 
 
 
 w; HOW? 
 
 Feny, Opulent. 
 IW, Beauty. 
 
 Hiany, Elephant, ivory. 
 Pin, Name of a state. 
 T<un, A pig. 
 ^ JIaii, Rich, opulent. 
 
 j/' c , Beforehand, doubt, sus 
 picion, luxury. 
 
 153. ^ 
 
 .', Appearance. 
 , Barbarian. 
 
 154. j| 
 
 fpj 
 ffi Si (c) fs?, Bestow, confer. 
 
 c (c) iShu, Redeem. 
 
 ~ 
 
 Fu\ Bear on the back, turn 
 ,the back. 
 
 Che (c) itse, Rebuke, reprove. 
 f T<sai, Riches. 
 Kwet, Honorable. 
 Sfti* ,ie' t Vie, display. 
 
 p| P'in, Poor, impoverished. 
 
 2* 
 
 Goods.. 
 
 Conferred by heaven. 
 
 Talent, matter. 
 
 , Covet. 
 Buy. 
 Sell. 
 
 r c , Tribute. 
 JSien, Worthy, wise. 
 Pin, Guest, retainer. 
 'Shang, Reward. 
 
 Tscf- (c) Jsei, Thief, steal, in- 
 jure. 
 
 ^Tsi, Means, rely on. 
 
 r_L^ 
 
 T C/iu\ Hoard, store up. 
 
 Keng, Repeat a song, join, 
 continue. 
 
 155. 
 
 She*, Forgive. 
 CJttf, Red, sincere. 
 Ho\ Awful, majestic. 
 
 156. 
 
 Yue 1 , Pass, leap over. 
 "C<hi, Rise, raise. 
 'Tseti, Walk, run.
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 >C f hu, Run, 
 |> Fu\ Go. 
 
 Oheri, Follow, improve op- 
 portunity. 
 
 157. & 
 
 Lw, Road, way. 
 
 Tsrf (c) itsu, Foot, enough. 
 
 Chien^ Tread. 
 ff]ff Chi 1 , Track. 
 
 Kwek Kneel. 
 
 >Tau, Tread, stamp. 
 RpjK Chfj Going back and forth 
 
 C i hu chu\ Walk, unsteady. 
 
 Chu, Hastily overleaping 
 hesitating. 
 iCJieu, Undecided. 
 
 Chv, Cling, climb, rise. 
 iau*, Leap. 
 
 gy >Kung, Person, self. 
 |pp >Ct/iu : Body, person. 
 
 159. ^ 
 
 >Ch& jfJie, Wagon, chariot. 
 Chiatf, Compare. 
 iChiun, Army. 
 Hitf (c) -Jiict, Control. 
 
 Tsaft, Convey, a year. 
 
 ftu 
 
 |iu tO^ktiWj Light. 
 
 I* J * 
 
 !i' c , Class, grade. 
 , Wheel. 
 
 
 rj IK 
 
 if H 
 
 *Hi, Barefoot. 
 i c , Kneel. 
 ; c , Walk circumspectly. 
 
 V\ r alk with ineasurec 
 steps, reverently. 
 
 158. 
 
 tShenj Body, person. 
 
 ;A 
 
 , Rotate, pay out, lose, 
 be beaten. 
 
 i, cliweri, Turn. 
 JSwei, Splendor, lustre. 
 iZ7, Imperial domain. 
 
 [j| 3 ^M, Spokes of a wheel, with 
 next to collect. 
 
 5 >T l seu, Hub of a wheel. 
 :, Aid. 
 
 , Booming, as of can- 
 non. 
 
 160. ^ 
 
 JEKntf, Fortunate. 
 ,^TM, Offence, guilt. 
 i : Words, to decline.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 49 
 
 5 Wei, Oppose, withdraw from. 
 
 Ni\ Contrary, resist. 
 
 p 
 
 Piew, Distinguish. 
 ,11m, Bitter, acrid. 
 
 v -^^** 
 
 1 fil Jr^ ^1=1 *Tm-ii, Meet, encounter. 
 
 A. XJ JL J \^r^^ ^^M^V 
 
 Ju\ Shame, disgrace. 3Qj[, * ' P {l ^h, road. 
 
 ^tE? 
 flung, Husbandman. XJJl Pim ^ Everywhere. 
 
 fllicn, Time, the bt/t hour.j^al Slf ( c ) #*, Hasten. 
 
 1 RQ ^& 4ffl >'fiuna, Open, reasonable. 
 
 Ji- VF A* Xt 
 
 ,>%; Then, thereon, at cowJigf T( * ( c ) ^ P en intelligent, 
 
 prosperous. 
 ;67//, A name of Budha. 
 
 Tz< { , Way, method, truth, |^ 
 doctrine, reason. 
 
 ICwo\ Pass, cross over, trans- 
 gress. 
 
 iT<au, Escape, fly. 
 "Iliuen, Select, choose. 
 
 /, Pursue. 
 Tsau\ Create, make. 
 3 Yuen, Far, long. 
 P/ c , Avoid, escape. 
 Tab, Until. 
 *Fan, Return. 
 Shi', Meet, suit, go. 
 
 ? 7, Omit, transmit, let fall, 
 leave behind. 
 
 Tsun, Observe, obev. 
 
 v 
 
 \icn, Send. 
 
 Chut, Eject, persecute. 
 
 Cliirf, Near. 
 
 ^Yau, Invite. 
 
 SM, (c) .shu, Narrate, relate. 
 
 CMrf, Enter. 
 
 Po' p c cf, Urge. 
 
 sJf/, Delude, astray. 
 
 iHia, liid, Remote. 
 TJffi 'lii, Near. 
 
 t&hwen, t f wen, Go and come, 
 haste. 
 
 t Yeu, Roam, rove. 
 
 Yuri, Revolve, circulate, 
 transport. 
 
 ^Ilwan, Return. 
 iLien, Connect, together. 
 'inffj Meet, welcome.
 
 ANALYTICAL READEK. 
 
 ien, Remove. 
 
 Sung, Present, send away. 
 
 Tun, Escape. 
 
 T<uv, Retire. 
 
 _U, Leap over, surpass. 
 \ Hiuri, Yielding, modest. 
 
 Wtf, End, finish. 
 Footstep. 
 , Vivid, energetic. 
 
 Shi~, Passing, vanishing. 
 
 Chtf, Suddenly. 
 
 .T<iau, Distant, remote. 
 
 T$j Transmit, distant. 
 ji Lin t Elect, covetous, mean. 
 
 Ya\ Meet, welcome, invite. 
 
 Jlwan, Liesure, vacant. 
 
 J c , Pleasure, escape. 
 
 Ngau, tfigau, Roam, saunter. 
 
 Sui c , In the rear, far back, ? 
 
 as a suite of rooms. 
 
 >Fcng. Meet. 
 ,Pien, Side, border. 
 
 163. " 
 
 / c , City, district. 
 
 Jliany, Village, neighbor- 
 hood, the country. 
 
 3* |) >Pany, Nation, state. 
 I) ,Tu, Capital city. 
 
 >CMau, Suburban fields. 
 
 C'hio', Reject, forsooth, also. 
 
 J\^r * J ti(i, That, how, where? 
 ffl 5 Jliun. Name of a place, Zion. 
 
 JT|) Jlie, Oblique, perverse, cor- 
 rupt. 
 
 Sj) Pu, Class, sort, bureau, 
 board, volume. 
 
 iLin, Neighbor. 
 
 164. H 
 
 /, Heal. 
 
 'Hing, hing, Awake. 
 
 t C f hcu, Reciprocate, friendly 
 intercourse. 
 'jp 1 ' Hiri, Fault, defect quarrel. 
 
 |jjg Kiati, Leaven, yeast. 
 
 @P Pel', Unite, fit together. 
 \^f 
 
 & 'Niang, Ferment. 
 .Han, Intoxicate. 
 >Soan, Sour. 
 
 165. 
 
 W" 
 
 >S7<z, Loose, release expound, 
 protect, Budha.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 51 
 
 1 66. jt 
 
 tffwan, Ring. 
 
 *Z, Neighborhood, Chinese H;H 'CJiin, Gilding, brocade. 
 
 mile, 18971 Eng. ft, in Am? . 
 
 fcik Jliang, Border, inlaid. 
 
 geography, 14601 &> !Hir,|* 
 
 ofadejr. ^EB sCfefcw^, Bell, clock. 
 
 'I 7 !?, Pasture, wilderness. 
 
 Chung' tf'-hwig, Heavy, 
 ble, again. 
 
 t Licm</ : liang\ Measure. 
 
 167. 
 
 } Chin, Gold, metal. 
 
 Ifi (c) Jii, Tin, bestow. 
 ? ZM C , Record. 
 
 17;?, Silver. 
 jm t 2 Tc w^7, Copper, brass. 
 
 '2V0, Iron. 
 '&jf 67V C , Mirror. 
 
 Chierf, Inspect, oversee. 
 
 C'/m 1 , Cast, found, manufac- 
 ture. 
 
 Lu, Furnace. 
 & Chiang, A tinkling-ring. 
 
 j'ew, Cash, money, 
 ^Ting, Nail. 
 iFeny, Point, edge. 
 St? ^o c , Mistake, scattered. 
 Tscf (c) fsau, Bore, chisel. 
 ' c , (c) ? c/w, Bracelet. 
 
 J&eng, Ringing, jingling 
 sound. 
 
 ilang, A small bell. 
 
 iChung, To love, a measure, 
 
 goblet. 
 
 >CMiin, Equal, just, arbiter, 
 
 creator, venerable. 
 
 168. -j^ 
 
 'Chang, fohang, Elder, supe- 
 rior, long. 
 
 169. 
 
 i, Gate, door. 
 
 }', Open. 
 
 }'ew c >chien. In, between. 
 5 jfiT c /, Open. 
 Pv, Shut, 
 ^Slian, Dart. 
 AV, Wide. 
 
 JMC C , Look over, pass over. 
 Ko r (c} JM, Gallery.
 
 ANALYTICAL READER. 
 
 JIien, Vacant. 
 
 170. 
 
 Chiang Jiiang, Come down, 
 
 send down, degrade surren- 
 der. 
 
 'Yin, Hide, conceal. 
 
 r/iv <lien, Display, arrange, or- 
 der of battle. 
 
 )fc| Hieri, Fall into, entrap. 
 , Follow, at option. 
 vPJ >Ngo jigOj Cringe, flatter, 
 
 lean on, partial, prefix to 
 names. 
 
 >Yin, The dark, or female 
 principle. 
 
 t Chu, Exclude, besides. 
 
 ilf, Corner. 
 
 ^ Chi^, Limit, border, junction. 
 rUL 'Tint, Obstacle, hinder. 
 
 Lit, Dry land, by land. 
 
 Hv, A quarrel, cranny. 
 
 t Fang, Guard against. 
 ^p* Yuen 1 , Court, hall, office. 
 |) jij "Fu (c) fu, Append. 
 
 >Hien, Steep, perilous. 
 
 Chi', Climb, promotion. 
 
 Hierf, Limit. 
 
 K 
 i tb 
 
 172. ^ 
 
 *Yd, Refined, literary. 
 iNan nan\ Hard, difficult. 
 .Li, Leave. 
 
 sui, Though. 
 
 / o 
 
 fttE Tw ( c ) J sa -> Mixed, promis- 
 cuous. 
 
 
 , Double, a pair. 
 Tiau, Carve, adorn, tattoo. 
 U Chi, Chicken. 
 
 C'-hio 1 (c) "chicm, Sparrow. 
 ,Yung, Harmony. 
 
 173. 
 
 B ^Ling, Spirit, intelligent, 
 effectual. 
 
 3? 3 ii, Rain. 
 jjj?,Yun, Clouds. 
 
 Chcn\ Quake, convulse. 
 
 Hiutf, (c) hiuc, Snow. 
 
 Ltf, Dew. 
 
 Jlii, Need, must. 
 
 ing, Scattring, remnant. 
 
 ,Hiau, A halo, fleecy clonds, 
 
 heaven. 
 ,- w *. 
 
 j|JI JHia, Glow of sunset. 
 !W, Rainbow.
 
 \ <M'AJU:LAI:Y. 
 
 Jjtii, Thunder. 
 iShwung, Frost. 
 ^Yin, Excessive rains. 
 \ iT'-ing, Sharp thunder. 
 3fr Ticrf, Lightning. 
 
 174. 
 
 '''Irinn. Green. 
 
 Chiruf, Still, silent. 
 
 J S~ *Sheng, Fault, crime, mea- 
 gre, reduce. 
 
 175. 
 
 3-jp .Fei, Not, is not, wrong. 
 jjjpl .3/7, Profuse, not, without, 
 
 176. 
 
 Mien 1 , Face. 
 
 -i *, -y- 
 1^7. ^ 
 
 K(p, (c) ko, Leather, change, 
 dismiss. 
 
 C/itf, Judge, condemn. 
 ^Chiang, Bridle. 
 
 178. 
 
 *I^7 IT 
 
 ?IDL -^u n: > Guard, conceal. 
 
 p 
 
 "65" 
 
 iso. 
 
 ,17re, Voice, sound. 
 'Iliang, Echo. 
 
 A ft 
 
 Yiin'\ Rhyme. 
 
 H> r S 
 
 , Name of an air. 
 
 181. 
 
 _^~ -% 
 r 
 
 | ^Hien, Reveal, display. 
 
 '<ei c , Class, species. 
 ^ Turf, Bow the head, instant- 
 ly, at once. 
 \H Yuen', Willing, desirous. 
 
 | Kit, Look, regard. 
 
 \ 
 
 Lai-, Depend on. 
 
 Shurf, Obey, yield, unimped- 
 ed. 
 
 U f , Beforehand, prepare. 
 Sung 1 , Praise. 
 Jfti, Must, 
 
 Tf "II 
 
 TTH .Pan, Distribute. 
 
 f}j( t T<cu, Head. 
 
 'rt p s Z-? t (7, Stretch the neck, re- 
 
 ceive with respect. 
 ''Ting, Bear on the head, su- 
 perlative. 
 
 mR fMan ynan, Large face. 
 
 -p vTara, Bald, with the preced- 
 ing, stupid. 
 
 >P'o : Somewhat, rather.
 
 54 
 
 ? 2V, Theme, subject. 
 
 ,C<hiiig, Yhing, 100 mow, an 
 
 instant. 
 
 t P<m, Incessant, urgent. 
 
 'H IW, Color, countenance. 
 7TH ,.Wan, Stupid, perverse. 
 
 182. 
 
 ANALYTICAL READER 
 
 />-y^ 
 
 >Fcng, Wind, custom, influ- 
 ence. 
 
 184. 
 
 Shi' (c) is/a, Eat, food. 
 ^Piny, Loaf, cake. 
 'Yang, Nourish. 
 J 17w, Drink. 
 jF '#"> Overplus. 
 
 f& x-y 7 . TT i n 
 
 jig 3 t7^, Hunger, dearth. 
 "m >S7^, Ornament. 
 If 3 C7, Hunger. 
 
 p jJ<^, Generous in fare, in 
 treatment, forgive. 
 
 Yung, Breakfast. 
 ry< $un, Supper. 
 
 5 Pw, Full fed, satisfied. 
 V* t Sated, filled. 
 
 'Tsoan, chwen\ Meats, dress- 
 ed food. 
 
 JKeu } Viands, dainties. 
 3 jf?, Pastry, bait, allurement. 
 , Boiled rice. 
 
 185. 
 
 Head, chief, begin- 
 
 nng. 
 
 1 86. ^ 
 
 i i 
 Jliang, Incense. 
 
 Min, Fragrance. 
 
 187. 
 
 >-y 
 
 'Mdj Horse, 
 jw *Lu, Mule. 
 
 jTTI- 
 
 PP ,0'hu, Drive, expel. 
 Jfai, Fright. 
 ,Chiau } Pride. 
 
 c , Reside. 
 
 c , Test. 
 
 w c , Equipage, the Empe- 
 ror, thou. 
 
 tChinq. Fright. 
 
 v k f / ' c? 
 
 **V 
 
 iWz, c/^' c , Ride, rider. 
 
 j^To, Camel. 
 
 Chcu'j Sudden, gallop. 
 
 , Sail. 
 
 ?, A fine horse.
 
 VOCABULARY*. 
 
 ^ ,Teny. Mount up, rim swiftly 
 jifb >Hwa. An elegant horse. 
 ^Lieu A bay or sorrel. 
 t C l hi, Run, gallop. 
 
 ^C'heiiif, Run swiftly. 
 
 -i oo *S* 
 
 1 00. ^J 
 
 *T l i, Body, substance, mem- 
 bers, sympathy. 
 
 "Ku (c) Jcu : Bone. 
 
 189. 
 
 High. 
 
 190. 
 
 ct, Hair. 
 t T<iau, Looseringlets, young, 
 
 youthful. 
 
 E^ 
 
 ?jj Mart, Hair, eminent, coura- 
 geous. 
 
 191. 
 
 ESI 
 
 M Tew, Contend. 
 
 
 
 dj Hung", A confused noise. 
 
 192. ^ 
 
 Z7 c , Fragrant, pent, vexed. 
 
 193. 
 
 U'-, Buy, sell. 
 
 194. 
 
 ', Ghost, devil. 
 , Devil, temptation. 
 , Soul. 
 
 195. 
 
 ;&, Fish. 
 
 >Lu, Stupid, name of a king- 
 dom. 
 
 fa 
 
 IW I 
 
 niJ 
 
 ien, Fresh, rare. 
 t Lm, Scales, fish. 
 JFio'un, Leviathan. 
 
 t/lw, A monster said to sus- 
 tain the earth. 
 ^ ^Ching, Whale. 
 
 u l , ngo<, Alligator. 
 
 196. ^ 
 
 r 'iau, Bird. 
 
 Ko' (c) Jco, Dove, pigeon. 
 Ming, Cry, sound. 
 Feng', Phoenix. 
 Loan, Bird of paradise. 
 
 k 7/o (c) ? /iM, Stork, crane. 
 ^ tHung, Wild goose. 
 gK (77/o c , Magpie, daw, jay. 
 
 197. 1^ 
 
 y, Bright, harmonious. ,Yen, Salt,
 
 AN 
 
 . READER. 
 
 198. 
 
 rep .i^S Beautiful, splendid. 
 
 <Z/;?, An animal, which ap- 
 pears at the birth of a sage. 
 
 'C/ni, A deer with a bushy 
 tail. 
 
 ,Ts'-u, Coarse. 
 
 199. 
 
 v M<? (c) mat, Wheat. 
 
 200. 
 
 , Hemp. 
 
 (c) 3 nia *ma } Minute, de- 
 licate, interrogative. 
 
 201. 
 
 iHwang, Yellow. 
 
 203. 
 
 I 
 
 Mo\ Silent. 
 Ho (c) Jiei', Black. 
 'Tatiff, Clan, company. 
 Ig Tai'; Dark green. 
 
 205. 
 
 ^U Min\ Strive, urge, a frog. 
 
 Pie : , (<?) >pie, A turtle sup- 
 posed to hear with its eyes. 
 
 , Tortoise. 
 
 /J' : o, A large iguana, 
 
 206. 
 
 ii/, A censer. 
 
 . 
 
 , Drum, excite. 
 
 210. 
 
 tC l hij Evenly, united, name 
 of a state. 
 
 ^ -.Chaij Studio, penance. 
 
 211. 
 
 TAAI >C'-lt : i>, Upper front teeth. 
 
 iLing, Front teeth, sign of 
 age. 
 
 212. 
 
 zLnur/, Dragon. 
 
 213. 
 
 JZivci, Tortoise. 
 
 214. 
 
 Yo\ Supplicate.
 
 
 
 CORRIGENDA. 
 
 Page. 14 for VI. read V. 
 
 36-23 North and South South and North. 
 
 68-13 Banisters 
 69-16 , K 
 
 69-19 
 71-22 
 72-24 
 
 Diamond 
 
 Tsih 
 
 Pear 
 
 74-29 Shark 
 
 Arbors. 
 
 -^ %>* 
 
 Gem. 
 Keng. 
 Plum. 
 Alligator. 
 
 In Vocabulary, 38$, rad. j>(" numbered 39, and misplaced.
 
 so 
 
 405 
 
 tt.
 
 
 
 <2 < 
 
 T O 
 
 ^5, " "^i^" 5* ^? 
 
 <IJHWS01^ 
 
 
 
 I i 
 
 %OJI1VO-J( 
 
 ee 
 
 tf 
 
 l^nfj^' 
 
 4? ^ 
 
 ^awnvD^
 
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