1 1 1 5 8 >■ 9 LIT' 6 r^3/ 1% V, -^ \ ,;i^ ^'-v THE NEW WEST AS RELATED TO THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGE. E. P. tj:nney. Third Edition, Illustrated. CAMBRIDGE: 5prtntct! nt tfjc Hibcrsitic ^xc^^ 1S78. NOTE. A (jentleman frum an inland town in Mus^sachusetls, — ivho has no pecu- niary interest in the Fur West, save that he has made most generous gifts to promote Christian education in that region, — has so far borne the expense of this publication in its different editions, os to provide for the free distribution of a limited number of copies, to persons icho are wont to devise liberal things in establishing the foundations of intelligence and morality in new countries. The author takes this occasion to express his thanks to the press for the icarm greeting given this monograph. To meet the demand of those who desire infor- mation concerning the climate, resources, and scenery of the Neic West, a few copies have been placed upon sale at the bookstores, — copies in cloth, at ffty cents ; in jiaper, ticenty-fice. Congregational House, Boston. April 19, 1878. ^*w.*4Aj** THE NEW WEST. Between the valley of the Mississippi — the Old West — and the Pacific slope lies the New West, a mountain plateau from three to six thousand feet high, upon which rise the Rocky Mountains. Take Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Mon- tana ; then add a minute fragment of fifty thousand square miles from western Dakota, comprising the Black Hills region, and you have the New W^est, — one third part of the United States, — as large as all that portion of our country east of the Mississippi. Colorado is equal in size to Switzerland, New England, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland. Maps of Penn- sylvania and New York would need to add Maryland and Rhode Island to cover Colorado. Ohio could lie down twice within the boundaries of the Centennial 4 THE l^EW WEST. State, and then leave room enouo-h for West Viru-inia and Connecticut. Kansas and Iowa together are not its match in square miles. Colorado has almost as many acres as Old England and New. Men team goods from Colorado Springs through Ute Pass, follow- in o- a lono;er road than that from Boston to Philadel- phia, and yet they do not go out of their own State. The topography of the New West may be in general described thus : — The valley of the Mississippi extends four hundred and fifty miles west of the river ; we then cross the elevated bufialo plains, seven hundred miles long and three hundred miles in width ; then the Rocky Moun- tains, — in parallel ranges from twelve thousand to four- teen thousand feet high, inclosing parks at an eleva- tion of eight or nine thousand feet, — three hundred and fifty miles Avide ; then a width of seven hundred miles to the Sierra Nevada. The Great American Des- ert is upon the western verge of the last described belt. It is from seventy-five to two hundred and fifty miles wide. No east and west line can cross arable land all the way from the Rocky Mountains to the Sierra.^ Men who forecast the future of America will be in- terested in a statement of those elements of wealth, which indicate the capacity of this mountain plateau to sustain population. Aside from Idaho, no small portion of which is, like Oregon, admirably adapted to sustain a large agricul- tural population, the New West resembles California in its general chiiracteristics. One of the prime industries, when it is fully devel- oped, will be grazing. In the northern portion of this region it is necessary to make some provision for win- ter, — cvcu so fir soiitli as Colorado Springs; but beef- ^ V'liU: A\'liroler's Preliniindrij Rrpmi on Neradii, etc. THE NEW WEST. 5 cattle and sheep graze all the year round without cut feed or shelter in southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. The pasture grounds of Colorado and New Mexico comprise seventy million acres. The grama grass is so nutritious that stock and dairy men who have had many years experience in the val- ley of the Mississippi and also on the great plains, are now moviuii' to the New West. Not far fi'oiu ten mil- lion dollars are now invested in stock in Colorado, a part being European capital. The profit is estimated at about fifty per cent, where the business is under- stood. It is an interest of more promise than all the gold mines in the country. \\\ the future, when the elopes of both oceans are, crowded, and the valley of the Mississippi is a garden, the great herding ground of the continent will be on the plains of our New West. The present value of the hay crop and pasturage of the United States — including dairy products, wool, and the increase of live stock, — is nine hundred and seventy-three million dollars, wdiich exceeds in value all the cotton, corn, wheat, and other farm products of the country.^ As an element of national wealth, these vast pastures, which have fed the buffaloes for ages, are likely to contribute quite as much to the country as an}^ other equal area not occupied by a manufacturing, mining, or commercial population. Those wdio know the manner of life most frequently led by herdsmen will fear for the future, unless the youth wdio are to entraii'e in this business are trained in Christian schools. An enlightened patriotism will plant the Christian col- leo-e in the New West, and, throunh its manifold intlu- ' ences. elevate all the people. Agricultural operations in this region promise to be very profitable. Portions of Colorado and New Mexico, ^ Stewart's Irrujalion, page 18. 6 THE NEW WEST. to the amount of four million acres, are watered by rains, and the same is true of no small areas, here and there, in the mountains or near them, throughout the New West. But, in the main, irrigation is necessary, and the farms are planted on the borders of mountain streams fed by melting snow. The absence of a green- sward upon the general face of the country is at once missed by the eastern eye, but a practical farmer soon learns that there is everyway an advantage if he can water his crops when he chooses. The crops are not injured by rain or its withholding. Drought spoils one fourth of the crops of the world. Farming carried on by irrigation is much more profitable than in the ordi- nary process, and the land is kept in good heart by it through centuries.-^ Chemical analysis of the soil of the New West shows that it is of a remarkably good ^ See Stewart's valuable work on irrigation, which is a standard author- ity. A foot of water is needed over the whole soil while the crops are growing. Three fourths of our rain-fall runs off or comes at the wrong time of year for crops. The English derive more advantage from less rain-fall than we have, because it comes a little at a time during the season when it is most needed. American farmers, east and west, raise less per acre than they would by partial irrigation. The average crop all over the country niiglit be largely increased by the systematic distribution of water from streams. Market gardening often suffers for want of water at a critical time. " Growing plants contain from seventy to ninety-five per cent, of water The solid portion of the plant consists of matters which enter into it only while in solution in water No water, whether it be in the state of liquid or vapor, can enter into any other part of a plant than its roots The summer rain-fall in our climate is i-ircly, if ever, adequate to the requii-ements of what would be a maximum crop, consistent with the probabilities of the soil." [Stewart, page 9.] Water, when used in irrigation, " brings within reach of the plants a largely increased amount of nutriment. Water is the universal solvent. No water in its natural con- dition is pure. The water of springs and streams holds in solution or suspension a quantity of mineral and gaseous matters, that possess high fertilizing value." [Page 18.] Irrigation has been used on the same soil two hundred years in New Mexico, without other fertilizing properties than that jjrought by the water. The British government has recently expended seventy million dollars in irrisatinjr works ui India. THE .\FAV WEST. 7 quality, needing only the touch of water to produce the best cro])s in the country, notably ot" wheat. The wheat crop of the United States averages twelve bush- els to the acre, California twenty, Colorado twenty- eight. It will, on this account, support a large popu- lation in proportion to the surface cultivated. In estimating the agricultural resources of this region, the area of farming land may be, in respect to ability to support population, doubled or nearly so on account of the advantages of a good soil under irrigation. It will also support a larger population than the same land east, since it can be used mainly to raise vegetable food for man. In the eastern States a farmer must set apart acres to raise hay and cattle to keep the rest of his form in good condition ; and in the valley of the Mis- sissippi hay must be raised to keep cattle through the winter ; in general, neither of these necessities exists in the New AVest. The whole area of farm lands can be used for man's garden or granary. This considera- tion alone would be equal to adding, perhaps, one third to the amount of arable land in the New West. While, therefore, that which can be irrigated is little compared with the whole surface, it is practically enough to sup- port a vast population. It is estimated that Colorado and New Mexico have agricultural resources to main- tain ten million inha1)itants. Professor Hayden's ^'At- las of Colorado," soon to be issued, will show a much greater area of ftirm land than has been supposed to exist. Western and northwestern mountain valleys will prove ver}^ attractive. Farming in Colorado is at this time a decided success. There will be always a good market for garden and field produce among the mining and grazing people, on account of the limited area suitable for cultivation and the distance from competition. The farm lauds 8 THE NEW WEST. will, therefore, have a comparatively dense population at some future time. The rich Arkansas valley and the banks of rivers fed by the mountains, now com- paratively desolate, will resound with the voices of chil- dren ; and happy homes will be scattered along the borders of all streams. And the Gospel message will need to be borne to every door by a ministry trained upon neighboring soil and adapted to the field. The planting of Christian teachers in every school district can be secured only b}^ establishing first the Christian college ; from which intellectual and spiritual quicken- ing w^ill flow like the fertilizing streams from the Sierra Mad re. This reo'ion has a considerable quantitv of timber in the mountains, enough for the use of the countr3^. The river bottoms are lined with scrub-oak, box-elder, and Cottonwood. There are five million acres of tim- ber land in New Mexico, nearly one fifth of the terri- tory. There is, however, no such varietv of crrowth as one sees in the East. Inexhaustible store of excellent iron ore is found in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico. Near the iron, is the best coal west of Pennsylvania. For coking, it is pronounced by experts to be equal to the Connellsville coal. Furnaces and rolling mills will abound in this region in the future, they are already established at Pueblo. That this industry will be de- veloped rapidly, and that to a great extent, is certain, since there is no coal for four hundred miles east, no good coal in Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, or California. The coal is now sent to Nevada for smeltinu:. \'( the higher education is to find a foothold in tlie New West, Colorado College is well located, in proximity to this coal and iron region. It is hardly needful to s})eak of llic golil and silver THE NEW WEST. 9 mines, avIiosc fame lias gone out to all the world. One hundred millions of gold have been sent from Montana alone. The annual yield of Colorado is eight millions, which is more than California produced in 1870. Gil- pin County has averaged two millions a year for eight- een years. The passion I'or mining is the instrument of Providence in transferring populations to new seats of empire. The history of California and Australia is now repeating itself in Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, — the rich- est region in the world. The climate will, however, do more than all other agencies towards settling the New West. " The em- pire of climate," says Montesquieu, "is the most pow- erful of all empires." West of the valley of the Miss- issippi the land rises, sloping like a wide roof toward the Rock}- ridgepole of the continent ; so that this part ■of the country is too high and dry for malarial diseases, asthma, bronchitis, or consumption. Consumption may be prevented by moving to Colorado ; those wdio go with quick consumption fixed upon them find that the disease is accelerated by the rarity of the atmosphere ; but chronic consumption is cured by the climate. Col- orado soil and air are so dry that an axe left out of doors will not rust, if it be covered from snow and rain. Save in the mountains and in their near neighbor- hood, there is very little snow and a general absence of rain. Warm currents from the South Pacific touch the mountains, modifying the air. I have seen men plowing in February eight thousand feet above the sea near Central. In the vicinity of Colorado Springs sheep graze all winter, six thousand feet above the sea. in the latitude of Washington. Parties have indulged in picnics out of doors wpon a given day each week for ten weeks of December, January, and February. A weather record of two years at Colorado Springs gives, 10 THE IsEW WEST. — in one year three hundred and twenty-two fair and clear days, and forty-four cloudy ; the year following, three hundred and twelve foir and clear, and fifty-three cloudy. Colorado Colleo-e is now one of the Q:overn- nient stations for meteorolog-ical observations. The dail}- record by Professor Loud indicates conditions of climate, which will attract invalids to this spot. It is not, perhaps, needful to say that persons in deli- cate health, who are subject to an embargo of mud every winter in the States in the valley of the Missis- sippi, will find in Colorado the best natural roads in the world, which offer good driving or walking, so that they can take advantage of the almost unceasing sun- shine. The climate is by no means perfect, it being subject to the changes incident to a mountain altitude ; but, with all its '' exceptional " freaks, it is so much superior to the climate of the East or that of the Old West, that persons in ill health can live out of doors to an extent altoa'ether unknown in reoions where cloud, snow, rain, wind, sharp and severe changes of weather, kill tens of thousands of semi-invalids every year. The lives of multitudes might be easil}^ lengthened by mov- ino- into the New West. One third of the popuhition of Colorado are recon- structed invaUds. Asthmatic conventions meet in this favored country to invite all America to breathe the healing atmosphere. Tough, rugged people — who coughed ten years in the East — are now calling on all dwellers in fog banks and low lands to move to this mountain plateau. The wdiole New West is a sanita- rium ; the northern part uiild in winter, and the south- ern part cool in summer. Montana and Wyoming are milder than regions in the same latitude in the lower altitude of the valley of the Mississippi, or on the Atlantic slope. Tliat jiortion of Colorado south of the Divide is more favorable for winter residence than THE NEW WEST. 13 north of it. The great storm in March of this year did not block the Atchison, Topeka. and Santa Fc Railway, while the Kansas Pacific and Union Pacific were hnried. Colorado Springs had little snow, although the regions east and north were heavily drifted. The winter pre- cedinu' favored slei<''h-ridin!i- in Denver, but there was no snow to speak of in Colorado Springs. There is always less snow fall in the southern portion of the State, and the changes of weather are less severe. New Mexico will be still better, when the country is better able to receive invalids. Families with the seeds of early death in them will do well to % for refuire to these central mountain reo[:ions of America. The invalids of the United States comprise not a small part of the population ; and many of those who have property will, as they become acquainted with the facts, move into one of the beautiful towns at the east- ern base of the Rocky Mountains. The scenery is unique. The length of the main range of mountains and the spurs of the main range within the limits of Colorado is twelve hundred miles, averaging twelve thousand feet high ; nearly a score of peaks rise to a height of more than fourteen thousand feet. The White Hills of New^ England, set down in one of the parks, would make no great addition to the scenery. Switzerland, so far as size is concerned, could be placed in a pocket of Colorado. Under the shadows of the Sierra Madre are already growing up some of the most home like and attractive towns in America, well watered and shaded, with comely houses stand iug amid grass plots and flower gardens. Colorado Springs has a population of thirty- five hundred people, upon a spot where antelopes were feeding six j^ears ago, and where the Indians were tak- mg scalps only a little before that. This town has twenty-one miles of trees. iq:)on streets a hundred feet 14 THE NEW ]VEST. wide, or avenues of one hundred and forty. Four rows of trees upon one street extend two miles. A school building costing twenty thousand dollars, and comfort- able houses of worship, indicate the character of the people. This colony and the one at Greeley, are the only ones in the State where liquor selling is forbidden in every deed of land, and in the policy of the local government. Pike's Peak rises not far off, and smaller mountains plant their feet within a mile or two of the town. The unsurpassed wonders of Glen Eyrie, Queen's Canon, tlie Garden of the Gods, Manitou Mineral Springs, Ute Pass, and Cheyenne ^ Cailon — all within five miles of the town — attract tourists from all the world. Any one of these famous resorts would make the fortune of a watering place in the east. Professor Hayden says that he never saw so wonderful a com- bination of grand scenery in the neighborhood of any other medical springs.^ The rocky spires and changing shadows of Cheyenne Mountain, seen four miles to the southwest of the town, give constant delight to every eye. It is not far to walk or ride into quiet glens, with flowing fountains, rocky streams, abundant foliage, and flowers, with mountain walls and massive peaks rising on every side. May we not anticipate an honorable future for a lit- erary institution, established as a fountain of Christian influence and intellectual power, in this enchanting spot? "Most earnestly I believe," says a writer whoso eyes are never weary in beholding the forms of these mountains, and whose fame is known to all literature, " that there is to be ])()ru of these plains and moun- tains, all along the great central plateaus of our con- ^ Tlic orlliojfriipliy of lliis won!, iviidcivd so dilTereiitly by various Hcieii- tific cxi)lor«irs, is now pi-actieally settlcil liy llic iisajie ot" UII-l)IN}inan Whiting, College Sorieli/ Addres'^. * Sixteenth Report, College Socieiy. THE NEW WEST. o'y than one half became pastors. Yale has given above two thousand graduates to this work, — about one fourth of all. During the first twelve years, three fourths of her alumni entered the ministry, and during the first thirty years nearly one half. The New Eng- land theology has been shaped in no small degree by thinkers trained in this college. Forty-six out of nine- ty-nine of the first graduates of Dartmouth entered the ministry ; ten years ago the list showed seven hun- dred. Up to the year 1857, forty-three per cent, of the alumni of Middlebury College were preachers ; the proportion varied little from this at Amherst. One fourth of the graduates of Brown University have become ministers, ai,id nearly one half of the eleven hundred sent out by Wesleyan University. Thirty- four per cent, of the graduates of ten New England colleges previous to 1845 were pastors.^ Out of thirty- five thousand alumni of the colleges of the United States, thirty years ago, between eight and nine thou- sand were ministers of the Gospel. The first college west of the Alleghany mountains, Jefferson, numbers nearly seventeen hundred alumni ; of whom more than half have been preachers. The colleges nurtured by the College Society have trained great numbers of home missionaries. More than one third of the alumni of Western Reserve be- fore 18G8, were pastors. Of the first ninety-four grad- uates of Illinois College, forty-five became preachers, rendering invaluable service in the West. Wabash gave forty-five of the first sixty-five. Marietta sent sixty-five from the first one hundred thirteen ; at this day her ministers have made a record in more than twenty States of the Union. In 1868, Beloit had fur- nished fifty-two men from one hundred thirty-four ^ Thirteenth RrjiO'-t, College Society. 36 THE yElV WEST. graduates. Two hundred fifty churches have l)een sup- pUed from this college. Iowa College has given forty per. cent of her graduates to the ministerial office. The sun never sets upon her sons and daughters en- gaged in missionary work.^ The Western colleges, aided by the College Society, have already trained from seventeen to eighteen hundred pastors.^ The American Home Missionary Society has employed a portion of these students in nineteen hundred and forty-eight towns. The Congregational churches west of the eastern line of Ohio, comprising only twenty- nine per cent, of the whole membership o-f the coun- try, are now furnishing forty-eight per cent, of our candidates for the ministry' .^ The six interior States furnish only one candidate less than the six New Eng- land States. altliouo;h the latter have twice the church membershij) of the former.'* Does it need to be inquired whether the average Western State university can be relied upon to train home missionaries ? Michigan University, in 1876, with three hundred fifty-two professors of religion among more than a thousand students had only nine candidates for the ministry.^ In 1872, seven years' record of our theoloo-ical seminaries showed that sev- enty-eight per cent, of the students from the West came from colleges noinished by our College Society.*^ If the West is left to be supplied with a Christian min- istry by State universities, the people will perish by a famine of the words of the Lord. Born of no distinc- tively Christian purpose, and no self-sacrifice ; not un- ^ Tyler, Prayer for Collefjes, n-v. ed., ]). 284. 2 Dr. Hoy, Confjregational Quarlerl;/, .January, 18 77. * Thirtieth Report, College Society. * President Cliajun. , * Tyler, Prayer for Collef/cs, rev. ed., p. "iSi. * Tirciily-niiith Itcporl, ('ollc(/e Sucitly. THE NEW WEST. 39 frequently with instructors mIio are little imbued with the spirit of the Gospel; subject more or less to politi- cal intermeddling, — the State university is not likely soon to enter into competition with the Christian col- lege for the training of missionaries. Kill out the Christian college, and the supply of home and foreign missionaries will be cut off. Unless the. Christian college is built upon the ground where it is needed, it fails to do its work. While it is true that one live college will make itself felt to the ends of the world, it is not true that it will be so largely useful at the Antipodes, as it will l)e to give the graduate of the primal college money enough to build another school in that strange, wild country, where he has located. The divine command — Go preach — leads through training schools. But our home missionary Secretaries find it difficult to man the front ; and the future years are calling loudly as the present. " It is the sons of the West, educated on her own soil, who must preach the Gospel to the West." ^ Poverty in youth is likeh' to lead a clergyman to habits of self-denial, and to adapt him to the average man. But the poor young man of the West cannot come East to be educated ; and if he does, the East ma\^ keep him. Three fourths of the pupils of our countrj^ are of slender means, or poor.^ The college must be planted in the inexpensive West, near the men to be benefited by it. Would a poor widow in New Euii-land send her son to Colorado to be educated? It is only a little further to send him to England. Our fathers sent a few pupils to Oxford and Cambridge, but thev quickly decided to build a Cambrido-e at their 1 Lyman Hoocher. 2 Pri.ft'ssur Iladdurk, College Society Address. 40 THE NEW WEST. own doors ; and to send beggars to England to raise money for their college : and Old England gave it most generonsly. '■ We cannot expect that a university at Brunswick or Burlington will diffuse the same healthful glow amono; the inhabitants of Wisconsin and Iowa, as among the population closely encircling it. We might as well expect that the flowers which bloom in Maine or Vermont would sweeten the air of the prairies ; that one forest, one mountain range, would purify the atmosphere of our entire land. The Western waters cannot be navigated by steamers all whose engines are kept at the east. Our higher schools must be near to the communities which they would attract with a mag- netic power." ^ The rich are few. It is, therefore, not strange that the majority of those wdio enter the most self denying service are not from rich families. A Avidow in Vermont reads the life of Harriet Newell, and, having no money for missions, she o-ives her four sons to the service. Another woman asks, who among her eleven children will preach the Word in foreign lands ; and, when one volunteers, she sells her gold beads to buy classical books for him. The need of missionaries ten years hence should lead us to plant the Christian college within reach of self denying Christian families in the West. The colleges nourished by the College Society have already sent abroad one hundred and twenty-five men, and many women, as foreign missionaries.^ This is more than were sent by Dartmouth, Amherst, Wil- liams, and Middlebury, before 1856. Colorado College, at Colorado Springs, is more than five hundred miles from any other Christian college. * Professor Edwards A. Park, Coller/f Society Address. - Joscjili E. lltjy, I). 1)., < 'i)>ii/r/f/iilil ^1 1 r. H WILLAMETTE iDDi DDDD"[I]& LDER ^ ST. O o 5 > a o AVE. AVE. < ST. □□□.□ ^A ST. DDDDH f^ON ST. • DD DD DD nn THE NEW WEST. 75 men and women from all the region are entering the classes, and the needs are pressing for additional facil- ities for giving instruction. There are twenty-five thousand children of school age in Colorado, and they need a Christian college.^ In that part of the State south of the Divide — an upland ridge that makes out eastward from the mountains a little south of Denver, — a population, probably numbering seventy thousand, has no public school of high school grade, according to the Eastern standard. They need the advantages offered by the Preparatory Department of Colorado College. The public schools are, however, rapidly improving, and several schools that now rise little above grammar grade, will soon be in condition to fit jiupils for college. The Episcopalians have a board- ing-school of high school grade for boys at Golden, and ibr girls at Denver. The State University has recently opened with a Normal Department, at Boulder, a hun- dred miles north of Colorado College. The Christian people of the State will cooperate with this work in in every way possible. It is clearly for the interest of the State that provision should be made for the higher education of youth. It is, however, for the interest of the pupils, — and througli them of the State, — that they be trained under a distinctively Christian influence. It is, moreover, believed that a self-perpetuating board of trustees, selected with sole reference to their fitness for their trust, is more likely to command confidence, and to manage college aftairs wisely, than men chosen by popular vote, as the State constitution of Colorado indicates that the regents of her University shall be elected. There is a strong feeling in favor of uniting upon one college. The policy of the American Col- lege and Education Society is recognized as broad and ^ There are as many more in New Mexico, anil almost as many more in Utah ; and thev need the influences tliat will flow out from a Christian colle«ie. 76 THE NEW WEST. liberal, and its colleges as unsectarian as any in the country. This Society takes a pledge of the trustees that the college shall never come under political or ec- clesiastical control. Tlie policy of the Society is shown by a brief extract from a valuable paper published by the honored Secretar}^ of the Societ}' in the '' Congre- gationalist," February 6, 1878 : — '' The American Education Society, organized sixty- two years ago, and which has done a larger work in this department, probably, than any other among us, has been unsectarian from the beginning unto this day. Though its funds and its students are drawn chiefly from Cono:reo:ational sources, there has never been a year since its origin that it has not had upon it- lists young men of other denominations — Baptists, Metho- dists, Presbyterians, German Reformed, Lutherans, etc. A young man was graduated from Amherst College last summer, the son of a Methodist minister, himself preparing to be a Methodist minister, and known to be so, who was helped through his whole college course by this society. Nor was this a strange and isolated case. There are several hundreds of similar cases. Rev. Baron Stow, D. D., one of the more prominent Baptist ministers of the country, now deceased, was aided through his education by this Society. Heidel- berg College, Ohio, is a German Reformed institution. But because the religious body to which it belonged was not rich, the American Education Society, between thirty Jind forty years ago, took it upon its list, and has continued to this day to help young men there needing assistance in their studies for the ministry. This was a purely charitable. Christian work, from which no finan- cial return, or denominational return, has ever been expected. In other words, the Society has been con- cerned in raising up thoroughly educated ministers, without stopping anxiously to inquire whether thej THE NEW WEST. 77 should turn out Congregationul ministers, or should be of some other religious order." The same catholicity of spirit has manifested itself in the collegiate department of the Society. Presljy- terian and Lutheran colleges have been aided ; if others have not shared its bounty, it has been because they have not sought it. And, in accoi-d with this breadth of Christian benevolence, the colleges built up by this Society have made it a point to place the rep- resentatives of different denominations upon boards of trust and in chairs of instruction. It is a part of their working theor}^ that a lil)eral policy is more likely to win the respect of thoughtful men, and result in build- ing up colleges which will meet the wants of the pub- lic, than if a narrow sectarian course is pursued. If these colleges are not imsectarian, it is certain that in them the evils of sectaiianism are reduced to a mini- mum. Colorado College, in its management, com- mends itself to leading Christian men of different de- nominations in the State, and it will receive their hearty support. Its aim is to meet the wants of all Christian families, and to merit the patronage of the more than six score Christian churches, for the higher education of their children. V. It cannot be safely affirmed that it is too early to plant a college in the New West, since we are never weary of boasting that Harvard College was begun when there were only from twenty to thirty houses in Boston. We glory in the men who said that they could " not subsist without a college," when they had not more than twenty-five beginnings of towns in Massa- chusetts. We cannot " subsist without a college " in Colorado. Thirty-nine years after Harvard was founded, the population of all New England was only thirty-nine per cent, of the present population of Col- orado ; and the population of all the colonies was only twenty-six per cent, of the population of the New West. If our fathers could '' not subsist without a col- lege," Colorado has nearly three times the need Massa- chusetts had of Harvard forty years after it was founded ; and the New West to-day has four times as much need of a Christian college as all the colonies had when Harvard was two score years old. The only way for Colorado and the New AVest to found a Chris- tian college is to do as the men of Massachusetts did for Harvard. They went to England to beg money, THE NEW WEST. 79 and the Englishmen gave it. To-(hiy the New West is a beggar at the doors of those who are now reaping the benefit of Enghsh benefactions two hundred years ago. Let gratitude for the past take substantial shape at this hour in planting Coloiado College. Harvard College was established only eighteen years after the landing at Plymouth, and six years after the founding of Boston. Colorado has been settled more than eighteen years. Massachusetts had a college be- fore it had a grammar school. It was eleven years after the college began that provision was made for grammar schools to fit pupils for the university. Yale College was founded when the population of Connecticut was only twenty-one per cent, of the pres- ent population of Colorado, and the population of Mas- sachusetts was only one half that of Colorado. But those wise men said thev must have another coUegce, and they went to England begging ; and the men who had grown up under the shadows of Oxford and Cam- bridge gave them money. Colorado needs a college five times as much as Connecticut did Yale at the time it was begun. For nineteen years Yale College had no building of its own. Colorado College has already shown energy enough to erect a wooden building and outgrow it, and the people on the ground are, at this moment, expending more than ten thousand dollars on the main block of a beautiful l)uildino: for the infant college. Yale College was begun by the gathering of a hand- ful of books by a few pastors, who desired to perpetu- ate an educated ministry. Dartmouth was a charity school established in the woods. Amherst not long since had a senior class of two. Those men are wise — the founders of a noble Christian influence to be per- petuated as long as the earth wheels around the sun — 80 THE NEW WEST. who give the money needful to establish the feeble beginnings of those Christian colleges fostered by the American College and Education Society. The fathers of New Eno-land thoug-ht it best to found colleges when the population was sparse, and when the people were poor ; and they did it with little idea of the future growth of the nation. The Massa- chusetts Bay men decided that the population was never likely to be very dense west of Newton. The founders of Lynn exploring ten or fifteen miles, doubted whether the country was good for anything further west than that. I suspect that they loved the sea, and deemed life of no value out of the sight and the sound of it. But they wanted a college ; and Old England said they ought to have one, and paid cash down on the words. We go to men, to-day, who believe that our country is likely to be settled west of Newton ;. and they believe in the manifest destinj^ of tlie nation ; and they know that the New West will have a large population in the near future ; and they know that the planting of a Christian college is the only possible power b}^ which to fortify a Christian stronghold in that region, — and they will give most generously the small amount that is needed in these first years of Col- orado College. The extent to which our early colleges depended on the aid of the mother country is not commonly known by those who refuse to give to a college two thousand miles west of them, although they are themselves in- debted to men three thousand miles east of them for the higher education which now illuminates the path- way of their children. It would be possible to fill pages with the record. The name of Thomas Hollis i» not less honorable than that of the scholars who de- rived advautnge from liis princely gifts. The worship- JEAR MANITOU MINERAL SPRINGS. THE NEW WEST. 83 pel's ill the chapel built by Madaiu Jiuldeii, weie be- holden to her as truly as to the preacher. Hugh Peters did valiant service for Harvard Collesre as he did Cor Cromwell. William Pennoyer is not in itself a name to attract notice ; but he has been aiding poor students at Harvard for more than two hundred years, as if he were living in Cambridge, century after century, and dejding out money to help wortli}^ young men tlirough college. When Lady Moulson gave a hundred pounds to this college over sea, she purchased for herself the gratitude of students during two hundred thirty years past, and thousands of years to come. Henry Henley, of Dorsetshire, might have given twenty-seven pounds for a gravestone, and it would have crumbled ; but his name is now read and honored, after two hundred years, by most seholarlj^ men in America, and it will be transmitted till the world grows old, and Harvard Square makes room for Mount Auburn, The first printing press of America, north of Mex- ico, was the o-ift of certain o:entlemen in Amsterdam to Harvard College ; and Joseph Glover, of England, gave the type. Very few persons know that Elihu Yale Avas Gov- ernor of the East India Company, but there is no part of the civilized world that fails to honor him for his gifts to the college in New Haven. Among the most pre- cious gifts, to this college in the wilderness, were books from Sir Isaac Newton, Sir Richard Steele. Rev. Mat- thew Henry, Dr. Isaac AVatts, Bishop Berkley, John Erskine, and other eminent men. The College of New Jersey obtained very large sums in England, beyond all expectation of the parties in- terested. The treasurer's books are lost, but President Davies collected in one visit twelve hundred pounds. Dr. Wheelock, of Dartmouth, obtained funds from 84 THE NEW WEST. the Prince of Orano-e, and officials in hio;h station in the Netherlands. The Earl of Dartmouth, and other Englishmen, took the deepest interest in his work, and gave largely. Our colleges have been from the beginning a set of learned beggars. There is a Brotherhood of Mendi- cants at this time in America, hailing from the West, pleading at the doors of the rich and the large-hearted in the East. My friend Dr. Morrison, of Drury, says, " Do not call us Presidents, but Beggars, — College Beo'o-ars." The Lord of Hosts is not weary of hearing the pite- ous cry of beggars on the earth. We are all suppliants. God give us what we need, and let us turn no deaf ear to any who come to us as we go to Him. Christ is not impatient of perpetual prayers. Dr. Kirk loved to be called upon l)y Christ in the person of his poor. As a matter of honor, let us at the least be patient if a col- lege beggar rings the door-bell, and asks us to do for some Western college what our ancestors asked Old England to do for them. ^&' There is a perpetual law of increase, which puts great dignity upon small gifts to a worthy institution of learning. A handful of poor students gathered in a barn at Cambridge, and the University has flourished century after century; lines of kings have reigned a little while and given place to others, but the line of scholars, earnestly searching for truth and nobly con- tending for it, has not failed, nor will until the brine of Britisli seas ceases to be salt. When a university is once rooted, if it has in its own character the right to live, it is little more likely to be torn up than the Church of the living God. *' Every founded institution, especially every one THE NEW WEST. 85 which is founded on a principle and not on a tradition, which holds an idea within it, and does not simply shelter an interest, shows a tendency to grow ; to Ije- come developed from a less to a larger, and to grow ■compact and copious with years. If it be reared to consult mere commercial or political advantage, this may not be. If it be founded to gratify pride, to put the crown upon personal ambition, or even to subserve the mere convenience of society, this will not be. But if it be founded on a permanent demand of human nature itself, and be intrinsically ;idapted to that, this tendency is as certain as that of the date-fruit to grow into a palm, and will be as jDcrmanent as the fitness of the institution to accomplish its ends. And in no case is this exemplified more fully than in that of the Col- lege." ^ Princeton College would not, however, have received the munificent gifts which have made her so rich in recent years, — a single donor bestowing upon her seven hundred and tifty thousand dollars, — if she had not had a definite beginnino; in a loc»:-hut a hun- dred and forty years ago.' For more than a hundred years the College was poor, a charity fund of twelve thousand dollars being its only endowment. If the Christian people of the East will put in the foundations of a Christian College in the New West, it will be in position to receive benefit from the law of increase, and the little wooden buildini;- where the students now meet will become historic. ^ E,. S. Storrs, LL. D., College Society Address. 2 Tho L'arned historian of tlie College of New Jersey may deny I'riiico- ton's connection with the lo;j;s, — and most likely he is riiiht, — but that hut twenty feet square has a place in the jwpidar imagination; and it will be as hard for him to remove it from the history of this revered college, as it is to disi)lace William Tell from the minds of men. 86 THE NEW WEST. The churches in Colorado are poor ; but they give for Christian purposes on a scale of generosity quite unknown by the average church member in the East. As a class those who attend upon Christian worship, even if they are not church members, are public spir- ited, and heroic in bearing heavy burdens and aiding every good cause. Every denomination in the New West has a severe struggle in carrying on its work. Very few churches are self-sustaining. And it is always true in a new country that it takes time for the Gos- pel to make itself felt as a moulding power in society. It is impossible to build up a college without Eastern aid. All will hail with gladness any gifts which will make it possible for the poor to educate their children in Colorado, and to train the men needed for this vast mission field. " Ships are first built, and then sent on voyages," says Mr. Beecher, " but Western States are as if men were rafted to sea with materials, and were obliged to build the ship under them while they sailed ; yea, and to grapple in desperate conflict with piratical errors and red rovers of ignorance, while yet they are laying down the decks and setting up the rig- ging." ^ Nearly all the ready money in a new State is used in developing the country, in making the phys- ical basis for society. This is necessarily so. But as the years go by, many of the investments will return, and churches and seminaries of learnino; will be less dependent upon the older civilization. The amount of money needed to put a Christian college upon a good foundation, and to place it in po- sition to take advantage of the law of increase, is not relatively large. Williams College has made itself felt with great power in the moral world, and her fifteen hundred graduates in sixty years have borne an hon- ^ College Society Address. THE NFAV IVEST. 87 orable part in national history. Yet her capital was not (luring any part of that time more than fifty thou- sand dollars.^ With one or two hundred thousand dollars cash capital a college can do good \v. 92 THE NEW WEST. tion.^ Southwestern Colorado is a region of remark- able interest. When the Colorado River reo-ion be- comes lamiliar to the eye and to the hammer of science, and all the treasures of this wild West are made known, there will be fewer imperfections in the geological record. There is a noble future for the scientific students of the New West, as they trace the events in the history of the globe. It would not be difficult to indicate the interest of the botanist in the new world of livino- and of fossil plants revealed in the far West. Some of the fossils are of remarkable beauty. It is stated upon good authority that the tertiary strata of the Rocky Mountain plateau are richer in fos- sil insects than any other country in the world. An- cient centipedes, bees, and butterflies, and a vast variety of flying and creeping things in stone, are gathered by learned Professors, as eagerly as boys chase livino- butterflies. o And it is in this very region, that astronomical obser- vations can be conducted under peculiarly favorable conditions. The most eminent astronomers are of the opinion that our knowledge of the heavenly bodies would be vastly increased by planting one of the best telescopes in the world upon some mountain plateau,, in a clear atmosphere, and where the sky is free from clouds the greater portion of the 3^ear. It seemed at one time as if the project to establish an observatory upon the Sierra Nevada was likely to meet this want ; but Mr. Lick's gift will now enrich the Universit}^ of California upon the coast. Colorado Springs is six thousand feet above the sea, and it is easy to find in the neighborhood a higher altitude, if it be desirable, where the conditions of climate are most favorable. 1 Ilaydcn, Prdinunarij Field Report, page 4. CHEYENNE FALLS, NEAR COLORADO SPRINGS THE NEW WEST. 95 So important is dryness of climate and purity of at- mosphere for the best astronomical work that two em- inent French scientists have selected a station in the New West, to observe this year's transit of Mercury. A world-wide fame is awaiting the man, who will so endow the astronomical department of Colorado Col- lege that the observatory which bears his name will make the most brilliant discoveries the world has known. Colorado College is, therefore, in every respect well located for deriving early advantage from the law of increase, through the interest of donors who desire to promote the study of natural science. Persons of wealth who derive advantage from the Colorado cli- mate, as well as those who have made satisfactorv in- vestments in the business enterprises of the country, W'ill be quick to discern the advantages of the situation for building up an institution of learning. Somewhere in the great central regions of America there will be a university town, whose fame will increase with the advancing centuries. It is probal)le that there is no point, all things considered, more favorable for such a seat of learnino; than that chosen for Colorado College. The endowment papers of Colorado College have been most carefully drawn by that eminent legal ad- viser and princely founder of a Christian college, Henry F. Durant. They are guarded at every point, to make sure that the money is used as the donors desire. An agreement is entered into between the College and the American College and Education Society and the donors, by which the money is given to the Society in trust for the College, to be used to promote Christian education in Colorado. The Society reserves the right to guard the investments of the 96 THE NEW WEST. money given to the College in trust by the Society. The teachers are to be Christian men. Biblical instruc- tion is to be furnished. Tlie scope of the College con- templates the highest and broadest culture, — educa- tion fit for men as well as for boys. It also makes provision for the gradual growth of a training school for home missionaries. Two thirds of the trustees must be of Christian membership. One of the officers of the American College and Education Society must be a perpetual trustee of the College. If the college property is turned over to any differently chartered in- stitution, or loses its franchise, or is not faithful to this trust, the money reverts to the American College and Education Society. Although the work of the College Department of the American College and Education Society may not be needed in a distant future, there will still be necessity for aiding young men in prepar- ing for the ministry ; so that this corporation is likely to exist as long as the College. Money given to the American Colleg-e and Education Societv for Colorado College will be as sure to accomplish the end sought by the donors as any foresight can make it. Divine Providence is just as likely to take care of the trust, if the legal instruments are well drawn, as if they were prepared carelessly or not prepared at all. If any investments are solid and lasting they are found in gifts to this Society. '' It is putting money where the safe^-uards of liiw will surround it forever."^ " The boards that control such institutions are ordi- narily selected for their capacity, intelligence, honesty, practical wisdom, and interest in the cause of learning. .... Tlie individuals in question are put under the guardianship of law and of a watchful connnunity, and under all the sanctions that come from the sacredness- 1 II. {). UiUlorficlil, D. D., Coll. Sor. Rep. THE A'HJW WEST. 97 of the trust coinmitterl to them, a trust that touches upon the highest weUare of Church and State, and bears not only on the interests of the Uving age but of gen- erations to come." ^ Yale College has never lost a "■ dol- lar committed by any donor fjr permanent inyestment." So, too, not the smallest donations made to Harvard Col- lege in its infancy have been lost sight of; they " are at the present moment as secure and remunerative as those of yesterday." - God does not cease to preserve property when it is funded for education. Can we not trust Him out of our si£!;ht ? Nor can it be said that college foundations are liable to much perversion. In view of the changes Avliich centuries have made in the great universities of Eng- land, the Parliamentary Commission expresses its con- fidence in the wisdom of these permanent foundations by recommendino; their laro-e increase. The schools are, by the law, kept true to the spirit, if not always the letter, of the founders. The experience of ages has shown that the ideas of the founders have been, to a remarkable degree, perpetuated ; nor does any tempo- rary chano-e indicate that the trust will not be fulfilled as the years go by. " The spirit of the founders of an institution is a permanent spirit. . . . The promise is not more sure to parents in the training of their children, than is the providence of God in regard to the pious founders of institutions of learning." ^ The character of a Christian college, as it is formed age after age, becomes the best security for the right use of donations made to it. The presence of the Holy Spirit in the world is a factor to l)e counted on in estimating the probability of the moral advancement of mankind. ^ Twenty-Jir.'tt Report College Society. 2 Twenty-fourth Coll. Soc. Report. 3 Fourteenth Report College Society. 98 THE NEW WEST. This Spiritual Presence will uphold the Christian col- lege ; and without this preserving energizing Power no forms of law can perpetuate vital Christianity. But this Power is constantly acting upon the human race, surrounding us like the atmosphere we breathe. It is proper to place dependence upon this ftict. It is, therefore, a well grounded faith which says of the Christian colleg;e : — "If it include Christianity at the outset, and be framed to express that, then will that probably reign in and inspire it, with a power more apparent at some times than at others, but real all the time, even unto the end. It is not so much the provisions of charters, enforced by courts, that will secure this. The self- evolving life of the college itself, in the long run, insures the result. And, as thus vitally and permanently asso- ciated with such centres of power, Christianity will have a hold on our country that cannot be paralleled, and that never Q,Mi be shaken. You might as well shake the mountain from its base, which is bolted by columns and shafts of granite to the centre of the earth." -^ " All things considered," says President Eliot, '' there is no form of endowment for the benefit of mankind more permanent, more secure from abuse, or surer to do good, than the endowment of public teaching in a well oro;anized institution of learning." Sir Henry Maine, in an address before the University of Calcutta, gives it as his " fixed opinion that there is no surer, no easier, no cheaper road to innnortality — such as can be obtained in this world — than that which lies through li])orality expending itself in the formation of educational endowments." There is no way in which a friend of Christ and a lover of the human race can so certainly perpetuate ^ Dr. K. S. Storrs, CoHcrje Society Address:. THE NEW WEST. 99 his influence in some definite form, easily traced and recognized, as by the founding of a Christian college in a region and under circumstances where it will be- come a great power for good. When men's lives are perpetuated in a definite charity, so that they can be hailed by name by those who are benefited by it in distant ages, their lives at once seem to us the nobler while they are with us, and their names are taken at once out of the obscurity of the common check list or tax list and placed upon enduring tablets, which gener- ations to come will rise up and honor. " It is only a few men of rare discernment .... who can look beyond immediate and temporary issues to re- mote and permanent results. It is, therefore, simple even-handed justice to bestow rare honor on men of such rare wisdom and virtue ; to perpetuate their mem- ories by making them commensurate with the duration of the institutions which they have founded ; to mete out to them a height of renown, a breadth of esteem, and a depth of veneration corresponding with the breadth and length and height and depth of their foundations, and the comprehensiveness of views and elevation of sentiments by which they were distin- guished ; it is right and proper that those who have studied and labored and prayed and denied themselves, and sacrificed themselves to educate and enrich the minds and hearts of many generations, should be en- shrined in the grateful and affectionate remembrance of men from age to age." ^ There are single families that could equip a Chris- tian college in the West, and set it forward upon a ca- reer of usefulness, so long as grass will spring on the ^ Professor Tvler, Dhcourse Commemorative of the Hon. Samuel Wa- ist on. 100 THE NEW WEST. prairies or snow melt on the sides of the mountains. " Never lay np money," said the missionarj^ Judson, " for yourselves or your families. Trust in God from day to day, and verily you shall be fed." It is impos- sible to make provision for families, which will hold for any great length of time in America. Even in Eng- land, where the descent of property is made a study and hedged about by law, the experience of centuries shows that the term of a wealthy house is short. It is better that the sons of the rich should be self reliant ; if they are not, they are not competent to care for prop- erty, and soon lose it. There is no such spur as ne- cessity. Are there not many households scattered throughout the country, which could easilj^ found a Christian college, and then have abundance left for the next generation of their own kin, so much at least as would serve as a capital to be increased if well man- aged. If ill managed in the second generation it is well if there be not too much to waste. A country minister, accustomed to strong language, once asserted, that, when the bosom of charity should beat a little stronger, men would be found to sell houses and farms to promote the salvation of the heathen. '' The child will sit down and weep, who may not say, that his flither and mother were the friends of missions. And what parent would entail such a curse upon his children, and prevent them from lifting up their heads in the millennium. I would rather leave mine toiling in the ditch, there to enjoy the luxury of reflecting, that a father's charity made them poor. Poor ! They are poor who cannot feel for the miseries of a perishing world ; to whom God has given abundance, but who grudge to use it for His honor. Teach your children charity, and they can never be poor." ^ Still, when. 1 Dani.-l A. Clark, 1). I). THE NEW WEST. \i)\ we handle the Word of God, and pray over it, we can but rise from our knees and devise charities ; and, if it is possible to provide spiritual blessing for half a con- tinent through all ages of time, we welcome the privi- lege. " I cannot tell you what I have enjoyed. It is like being born into the kingdom again." So said one who had given fifty thousand dollars cash to found a Christian college in a needy Western field. That was an hour for mutual congratulation, when a family gath- ered to pray over the gift of twenty-five thousand dol- lars, invested in a Christian college as a perpetual bounty to coming ages.^ It is natural for parents to feel that their property belongs of right to their children. They have, per- haps, struggled for years to earn means for their maintenance. Or they have inherited property, which they feel it to be a duty to transmit. Providence has put it in their power to place their children above care, and give them capit*;! for doing business. Their habits of caution have been formed by years of anxiety and careful saving. They ha\e, moreover, had little defi- nite knowledge of the good to be accomplished by given charities, and the certainty of bringing about the desired result. On the other hand, it seems clear that their children will not misuse the property. It is also true that the mere habit of holding whatever they get is firmly fixed. It is not then strange that a large sum is often bequeathed to relatives, who do not really need it, which would, if otherwise bestowed, prove a fountain of good to the poor of the world during end- less generations. We are permitted to bear an honoral)le part in the world's salvation. It is possible for any one to multi- ply his personal influence, as if he Avere to become the ^ First Report, American College and Education Society. 102 THE NEW WEST. spiritual and intellectual parent of thousands of stu- dents in future years. Permanent charities, carefully guarded, will perpetuate the character and good deeds of the donors so long as ships sail the sea. Do we not read of a devout man in an Arabian desert, who gave a cup of cold water to every man who passed his door ? It was to him a precious moment. He delighted in doing all the good he could every day. But it was suggested to him. that, if he would dig a well, his beneficence might extend to caravans, which would pass that way hundreds of years after his death. Trav- elers ready to perish now bless his memory, as they quench their thirst at the well-side. Will not those families, whose wealth is consecrated to Christ, and whose life it is to do good deeds, set apart a portion of their property to open a fountain of spiritual life in the New West, where it will satisfy the thirsty until the mountains crumble ? Sir Matthew Holworthy's bequest of more than twelve hundred pounds to Harvard College, two cen- turies since, is making glad the students of to-day ; they rejoice in it as in the light of some distant star, whose beams have been making their way to the earth through ages. It is possible for us to light up the dark lives of children in New Mexico in the next genera- tion, by gifts to Colorado College to-day. The Gospel light will go forth from our charities, so long as God's mercy to the earth endures.^ 1 Colorado College is in need of funds to meet the current expenses, ana for permanent endowments. Money may be sent to J. M. Gordon, Treas- urer (jf the American College and Education Society, Boston, or John K. Ihiiiiia, Treasurer of the College, at Denver, Colorado. Money by bequest may lie given in either of the forms following: — I f/ive aitd bequeath to the Trustees of Colorado CoUecje the sum of , to be appropriated by the Trustees for the benefit of the college, in such manner OS in their discretion they shall think will be most useful. f)r, — I give and bequeath to the Trustees of Colorado College the sun} of THE ^EW WEST. 108 Every Christiiin institution, whose fame and influ- ence now fills the world, had a definite be<'-inning in the life of him who first put money into it. The found- ers of Oxford and Cambridge, of Harvard, Yale, Dart- mouth, Princeton, were men who could have thrown their silver into the sea, or they could have spent it in building more barn room for their goods. It would have been easy for them to have missed immortality. It is not difficult to negjlect noble deeds. But those men are to be envied, who, having it in their power to gather wealth, have also the sagacity to seize rare opportunities for usefulness. The Venetian merchants of the thirteenth century stamped the image of Christ upon their coin. There are men in these days who do business by steam and by lightning, whose team horses I love to see upon the streets. I listen for the sound of their sweet bells, wdiich make music unto the Lord. " The earth is the Lord's, and the fullness there- of," is written in their counting rooms. " See, my lord," said a general of the Society of Jesuits, " from this room — from this room I govern not only Paris, but China ; not only China, but the whole world, with- out any one knowing how it is managed." So, these Christian men rule no small part of the world from their counting rooms. Among their employees are men who org-anize Christian colleo;es. A man is manufacturing shoes, and he buys leather and hires men to do this and to do that. As one in- cident of his beneficent lifl^, he hires a man to go West and found a college for him ; he pays skilled teachers to educate needy young men in the border country. He is shaping States as well as shoes ; and his work , to he safely invested by them, and called the Endotanent Fund. The interest shall he applied to the payment of the salaries of teachers in Col- orado College as the Trustees shall deem expedient. 104 THE NEW WEST. will go forward so long as rivers run to the sea. Here is a man buying and selling goods. He hires clerks to draw golden syrup, or to measure tape, and he also hires men to teach Greek and the Eno-lish Bible in the New West. Does a man handle grain, and feed the horses of half a State ? Those horses pour money into uncounted channels for doing good to men. A Christian man studies the divine Word, and renews his consecration to God ; then goes to his counting room, and gives a hundred directions as to bags of meal, or the buying and selling of cotton stuff, or he orders a new lot of shoe pegs ; and he also directs in the estab- lishment of some Christian college, whose fame will perpetuate his influence and will never allow his name to die. A young man in thrifty business will give within a lifetime enough to found a professorship : or, if he is early called into a higher sphere of life, his name will be honorable as that of John Harvard, who dying at thirty, erected for himself a monument which will last so long as sun and moon endure ; and whose influence as a benefactor of his race will extend through immeasurable ages. Those were memorable words whi(;h still ring in my ears, — " The Lord either means to make me poor, or He will give me more money. But I propose to keep on giving in these hard times when givers are few." The man witnessed with joy his diminishing store of earthly goods, and was glad to open the eyes of the poor and to cheer the hearts of those who had long moaned in bondage. " I must give while I can, if the Lord is taking away my property," said one who trebled his donation to Christian work, when he learned of a heavy loss in his business. A very successfid and clear minded man declares that he will give more than he can, since he wants to do ])iisiness leaning hard on THE NEW WEST. 105 God and leading a life of faith ; and he gives largely when ordmary business foresight would hardly justify it, affirming that he believes the Word of God, in which it is written and sealed that the Lord will prosper those who devote themselves to Him. A noble record comes to us from the Enii-lish Univer- sities, in which scholarships are called to this day by the names of the working-men of London. Salters, Skinners, Leather Sellers, Haberdashers, Clothmak'ers, Merchant Tailors, Carpenters, Cordwainers, Cutlers, Goldsmiths, Grocers, and Fishmongers, — all aided in building up those schools of learning which are the glory of the world. " Never count any sacrifice too groat for Christ," said Mary Lyon. Sarah Hosmer, of the Eliot Church in Lowell, supported a student in the Nestorian Seminary who became a preacher of Christ. Five times she paid fifty dollars, earning the money in a factory ; and sent five native pastors upon their errands of mercy. Living in an attic when she was more than sixty years old, she took in sewing ; and did not try to lay up cash, or live easily, as she might have done. She said that she wanted to furnish another minister of Christ for Nestoria ; and she did it. Living only for Christ, she plied her needle for Him. The pride of dress or pride of purse in that whole city will have no more honora- ble record in the last day than her's, although she was obscure, and was never richly clad. " There is many a martyr spirit," said Judson, " at the kitchen fire, over the wash-tub, and in the plow field ; many obscure men and w^omen make personal sacrifices, beside which ours will appear in the great day very small indeed." Whenever Colorado Colleiire becomes an honor to the Christian charity of the country, — and we believe that the decrees of God have given it a noble future, — there 106 THE NEW WEST. will be found engraven upon its walls the names of a multitude of givers, the rich and the poor, who have added unspeakable dignity to their lives by founding this Christian enterprise, and therebv hastenino- the reign of Christ. Is it not w^ortli the while to toil pa- tiently, to give largely, and to sacrifice for this work, during the first generation of the life of this College, to prepare it for its ages of service ? " If a rare oppor- tunity comes," says a sacred book of the far East, " let a man do that which is rarely done." #ibjak College Building, as seen froji the IIailway. Vide page 72. UC SOUTHERN RFGIONAL LIBRARY FACIUTY AA 001 111 589 6 CENTRAL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY University of California, San Diego DATE DUE JUN 1^ ^,: JUN ? 1 "^ CI 39 UCSD Libr.