] U i l i iJil i t *i)HWl!|iWpMti>(*IIMJMmi)^ 1 ? ;■; y =='- 1 RA 5 — " ■ 8 ACI Ig 7 pHOI(T-pAMD," ' A40RAN, liNiilii |l«i*iiipW)W(MlpiUtoil{(|piM^^ l U'l I I I ) r'i« i^>ll*MWIiWWIWWWMKi THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ■V^iftr ijy> ^^- ^- 0. BAITER UWr£R 'f^?? ^^' 5^^U^ 6 (a PREFACE. To impart practical instructiou in tlie Reporting Style of the American Pitman Phonography, the system now employed by most professional reporters, is the aim of this work. The Corresponding Style, which cannot be made a substitute for long-hand, and serves no end not better met by the briefer method, is for these reasons discarded. Heretofore the only accessible way to the Reporting Style has been through the Corresponding, a circuitous route, eo requiring much needless time and labor. This treatise is designed Jjj as a school and college text-book, and is well adapted to self- >- instruction. It is also the basis of the Author's mode of teaching or g by mail, known as the Perfected Method of Postal Stenography. S The best results of his twelve years experience as verbatim reporter and teacher are embraced herein. Printed in separate sheets, these ^^ lessons have been used for the past three years in giving instruction to large classes in the State University of Iowa School of Short- 3c Hand. The advantages of omitting the Corresponding Style, and "^ requiring speed in writing from the first, have been fully demon- strated in this Institution, students in some instances having taken secretaryships in eleven weeks from the date of entry. The C names of a few of the stenographers who became qualified iu g this way will be found at the close of the book. An important feature is the series of lessons on professional report- ing, nothing similar to which is to be found in any other instruction book whatever. These explain the forms and methods made use of in amanuensis, convention, legislative, and law reporting, with- (iii) iV PREFACE. out a knowledge of which the art is quite unavailable as a business. A vocabulary of all the word and phrase signs in common use is appended. Those who have not the assistance of a teacher, and are desirous of progressing rapidly, will be enabled to do so by pro- curing instruction by mail. The first lessons are furnished gratuitously to those wishing to test the efficiency of this method. To all those young meu and women who have the courage to undertake, and perseverance to master this truly beautiful art, the present work is inscribed with the sincere wish that it may render them genuine service. Finally, to his kind assistants, by whose careful labors he has profited much, are tendered the grateful acknowledgments of THE AUTHOR. Reporters^ Bureau, Iowa City, May, 1884. CONTENTS. Introductiox .... I. CoxsoxAXT Alphabet — 1st Sec. II. " " 2xdSec, III. WoRD-SlGXS .... IV. Ray, axd Phraseograpiiy V. LoxG Vowels .... VI. DiPiiTHOXGS axd the S-Circle VII. Shout Vowels VIII. COXSOXANT PoSITIOX IX. S-Circle Junctioxs X. Phraseography . XI. Sez-Circle, Emp, axd Coalescexts XII. Double Coxsoxants— The L-Hook XIII. The E-Hook Series — 1st Sec. XIV. " " " 2xD Sec. XV. Triple Coxsoxaxts XVI. The Eel-Hook, axd the Aspirate Tick Dot XVII. The W-Hook .... XVIII. The F-Hook .... XIX. The N-Hook Series— 1st Sec. XX. " <' " 2xD Sec. XXI. The Shux-Hook XXII. The S-Shux axd Ixitial N Hooks XXIII. The St axd Str Loops. (5) 7 15 18 20 24 28 33 37 41 45 48 51 55 59 G3 G6 69 71 74 77 79 82 85 88 Vi CONTEXTS. LESSON. PAGE, XXIV. THii Lengthened Curve . . . 91 XXV. The Halving Principle .... 93 XXVI. " " " Added D . . 96 XXVII. " " " Shortened Double Consonants 100 XXVIII. The Halving Principle — Shortened Final- Hook Consonants . . . 10;} XXIX. The Halving Principle — Shortened Liquids 107 XXX. Intervocalization 110 XXXI. Prefixes 113 XXXII. Affixes 117 XXXIII. Expedients and Punctuation . . 119 XXXIV. General Principles .... 122 XXXV. Proper Names 125 XXXVI. Special Rules 127 XXXVII. Amanuensis Reporting .... 130 XXXVIII. " " Continued , 134 XXXIX. Speech Reporting 139 XL. CON\TENTION REPORTING .... 143 XLI. Law Reporting— Caption, Question and An- swer 148 XLII. LaW Reporting — Objections, Rulings, and Exceptions 153 XLIII. Law Reporting — Exhibits and Indices . 159 XLIV. '< " Transcripts . . 165 XLV. " " Professional Conduct 170 Vocabulary 177 INTRODUCTION. This Science is still much younger than manj' of its practitioners. The advancement made in a few decades is truly astonishing. But years of experiment and elaboration are still needed to thoroughly unify and complete the system. The physician's art, old as the race, continues to be enriched by discoveries, and the methods of instruction in its principles improved bj^ the enlax'gement of hos- pitals, the increase of clinical facilities, and the publication of better illustrated and more methodic text books. But scientific short- hand is only in its infancy, and it would be sheer folly to disreganl the suggestions of the ingenious minds assidiously at work in every corner of this field. The standard systems, so called, which admit of no modification, are fast falling into disuse. The notion given out by some, that further improvement is impossible or useless, is absurd. Development gradually goes on, and the method of teach- ing has been so far perfected that the skill which once demanded two years to gain, may now be acquired in four mouths. The method of instruction here employed is practical and pro- gressive. The principles of the system are taken up and explained in logical order, and the student directed how to apply them cor- rectly in the work of forming the characters rapidly and artistically. Two or three new principles only are introduced in a single lesson, and a list of words inserted which are to be written in accordance therewith. The words chosen for this purpose are those in common use. The drill which enables the student to write and read them Avith the required speed, fixes the characters firmly in his memory. This makes an extended vocabulary unnecessary, since an outline, once well learned, will be remembered. No w^ord or phrase is introduced which the learner has not been fully directed how to write in the proper manner. It is a loss instead of gain to practice writing words not found in the regular lists, since in most cases (7) Vm IXTRODUCTIOX. the outlines will necessarily be formed incorrectly. The disad- vantage of attempting words too soon may be illustrated by an en- graving of the characters produced by successive trial to write Sep- tember : When two lessons only are learned, the first character will be produced; when six lessons are learned, the second character; eleven lessons, the third; thirteen lessons, the fourth; twenty-four lessons, the fifth ; and twenty-five lessons, the sixth. The last only is correct. The practice of representing this word by five different and erroneous outlines, makes it the more difficult afterwards to impress the right one upon the mind ; and when the word is to be written, the reporter is confused and bewildered by the jumble of forms his recollection calls up. It has been the aim in preparing this work to entirely do away all cause for the criticism justly pass- ed on other instruction books, that words and phrases were intro- duced merely for the student's practice, and Avritten in a dozen erroneous waj^s before the proper outlines Avere taught. The Reporting Field. Although this art was originally devised as a means of preserving, word for word, the speeches of great orators, and the proceedings of legislatures and courts, it has been found far more valuable as a means of expediting commercial transactions. While the services of an expert reporter are alwaj-s in demand, there are at present more frequent calls for secretaries who are able to write with a moderate degree of speed only. The verbatim stenographer must be able to write one hundred and sev- enty-five to two hundred words a minute, and it is his business to report speeches, and record the proceedings of courts and thf various kinds of public assemblies. Plis aimual income ranges from one to four thousand dollars. Short-hand secretaries arc em- ployed by all kinds of business houses, companies, and corporations : also, by authors, ministers, lawyers, and professional men geniT- ally. Amanuenses must be able to write one hundred to one hun- dred and fifty words a minute; and they receive as compensation INTRODUCTIOX. IX from sixty to one hundrec" and fift}' dollars a montli. Ladies are frequently employed in this capacity. There is a large and ever increasing demand for slvilled short-hand writers. They succeed best who are gifted with mental quickness, and wlio have good memories, the kind especiall}'^ which enables them to recognize old faces. These faculties, with perseverance, will enable any intelli- gent young person to acquire skill enough in a few months for amanuensis work. Experience shows that this art can be successfully learned by both old and young. Those receiving instruction at the University School of Short-hand range in age from twelve to fifty. Students who wish to perfect themselves in the shortest time possible, may do so by applying to the author, who will furnish personal instruction by mail, and assist them, when competent, in obtaining situations. Short-hand is not only valuable as a profession; it is equally use- ful as an accomplishment. No thinking man can afford to be with- out this rapid method of transferring his thoughts to paper. By means of it, first draughts of letters and articles are made, and notes of lectures, business transactions, and private memoranda recorded, much more fully and in but a fraction of the time other- wise required. Its great utility, both as a discipline and personal convenience, is abundantly attested by literary men of note who are skilled in its use. The learner must bear in mind at the outset, that short-hand is something ^^mc^jcrtZ, and that no matter how carefully the theory is studied, he will gain but little proficiency if he does not at the same time learn to form the cliaracters quickly and well, and read his notes fluently. The common method of learning all the princi- ples before any effort is made at rapid writing, is but a waste of time. It is more difflcult to execHfe than to memorize the chai'ac- ters ; hence, directions as to the work of getting up speed are given early in the course. Those who intend making this art a business, should practice upon each exercise until it can be written in the time specified. The skill gained in this way will be sufii- cient for ordinary amanuensis work. Some will rise above, and otiiers, especially if under sixteen, will necessarily fall below the speed here indicated. X IXTRODUCTIOX. Reading Practice. The amount of this that may be necessary will depend on yourself. If you read your own writing with difficulty, you should practice only so much the more. Those who employ their time mainly in writing, with a view of gaining speed, produc- ing inaccurate and misshapen characters which they rarely attempt to read, may rest assured that they are making progress backward instead of forward. When all the list words of a single lesson have been carefully written, they should then be read over and over again, until the whole can be rendered in the time indicated by the following table : LESSON I.— Im. LESSON XII.— 4i.^m. LESSON XXIII.— 2m. II.— Im. XIII.— 5m. XXIV.— Im. • " III.— 3in. XIV.— 2^m. XXV.— 4m. IV.— 2m. XV.— l!.^m. XXVI.— 5m. v.— 5m XVI.— 2m. XXVII.— 3m. VI.— Om. XVII.— !^m. XXVIII.— 4ii^m. VII.— 4m. XVIII.— %m. XXIX.— i^m. VIII.— 3m. XIX.— 3m. XXX.— 4m. IX.— 3m. XX.— SJ^m. XXXI.— 5m. X.— 2m. XXI.— 4m. XXXII.— i^m. XI.— 2J^m. XXll.—l]4m. LONG AND SHORT HAND COMPARED. One is written six times faster than the other; and there are six general principles by which the common method of writing is abbreviated, six steps, so to speak, in the ladder leading from the long up to the short-hand system. I. A letter for a sound. In dotigh but two sounds are heard, those of d and o; nevertheless fl\'e letters, d-o-u-g-h, are employed to express them. In short-hand but two letters are required, one for each sound, thus j- dough. II. A single stroke for a letter. The long-hand ez is written with five strokes of the pen, while the short-hand | d requires but one; tiie long-hand ir- requires four strokes, the short-hand - o but one. INTRODUCTIOX. XI III. Omission of voioels. Iii short-hand, much less than one per cent, of the vowels are actually written, but a number sufficient to secure legibility are indicated by the manner of writing the con- sonant signs. The consonant elements of a word maybe expressed by several different outlines, the particular one selected being de- termined by the number of vowels contained, and the order in which they occur. Hence, in reading short-hand, it becomes an easy matter to supply those vowels upon which the choice of the char- acters made use of dii'ectly depended. Each of the following char- acters, for example, express the consonants s-p-r-t, being the same which occur in the cori'esponding words : Sprite, spirit, sprout, sprat, sport, separate, ■^ "- -^ ■^■ •^ -^' -l -A- Jx- ^ ")■ support, Sparta, aspirate, asperity, sea-port. In sprite, sprout, sport, and Sparta, the vowels are written. Spirit and sprat, although written alike, are distinguished by the positions which they occupy with reference to the base line. The characters for the remaining words all differ from each other, the particular outline chosen in each case indicating the number and position of vowels to be supplied. Thus each character is rendered legible, although the consonants only are actually written. This principle may be illustrated in part by omitting the vowels from a printed sentence, which will nevertheless be found easily decipherable: G-d s- -d 1-t th-r- b- 1-ght, -nd th-r- w-s 1-ght. IV. Th: use of brief word signs. A large number of abbrevia- tions are used in long-hand, as Dec, lb., §, Dr., U. 8., Hon., etc. Likewise in short-hand, brief characters, called word-signs, are em- ployed; e. g. xohich is signified by the sign for / ch simply, think by the sign for (_ th, etc. These short-hand signs are provided for the most frequently recurring words only, as ^ have, \ before, f~ trill, " — ' thing, ^ has, and ^ ichat, which is not true of long- hand abbreviations. Xii INTRODUCTION. V. Phraseography, or joining loords together. lu loug-haud, the pen is lifted from tlie paper upon the completion of each word. In short-hand, from three to ten -words are written before this is nec- essary; e. g.: It-is-better to-have-a lion at-the-head of-an-army of sheep •-W t,--'-^- k^ -<■ ??^kr:^ a. than-a sheep at-the-head of-an-army of-lions VI. The use of expedients. The most frequently recurring phrases are represented by brief signs which express two or more of the principal words of each, thus: , ...» /, In-order-to, hand-in-hand, on-the-other-Uaud, from-tlme-to-tlme, day-after-day. GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 1. Hold your pen in a position very nearly upright. 2. Always write on ruled paper. 3. Use a short-nibbed pen Avith moderately sharp point. Gillott, Nos. 303 and 404.. the Esterln'ook school pen, and some Nos. of the Speucerian, are recommended. The pen with which you can pro- duce the most satisfactory Avork is the one best suited to your hand and style of Avriting. Jet black, easily flowing ink should be used, and the bottle kept corked. Carter's koal black ink is recommended. 4. Read over at least once everything you write. 5. Do not allow a day to pass Avithout devoting some time to practice, if only a fcAV minutes. 0. Rigidly abstain from practicing on words and sentences not found in the lessons Avhich have been learned. 7. It is very important that you Avrite the exercises as they are distinctly read to you. A felloAV student, Avho has an interest in the Avork himself, Avill generally prove most serviceable for this purpose. The habit of Avriting by sound, that is, recordhig Avords that are INTRODUCTIOX. XIU hPMvd rather than merely seen, is simply indispensal)le to the student who intends using short-hand for reporting purposes. 8. About one-third of the time set apart for reading should be spent in translating exercises written one or two v.eeks previously. 9. In writing an exercise for the first time you should form the characters slowly. When you have executed the whole in a proper manner, copy it over and over again until you can write it at the specified rate of .speed. 10. The learner cannot become too familiar with the manner of wi'itiug the words given in these lists, as they are always expressed by the same chai'acters which here denote them. The word and phrase signs given in the vocal)ulary should be thoroughly learned. 11. The student should give especial attention to phraseography, as this important part of the system is often neglected. 12. Beginners commonly write the characters too large. The standard, one-sixth of an inch, should be as closely adhered to as possible. This size of writing can best be secured by making use of stenographic practice books such as are supplied by the Report- ers' Bureau. 13. When practicing, the note-book or paper should be held firm by placing the thumb and first fingers of the left hand one or two inches above the line of writing. 14. After thirty-six lessons are learned the student's practice need not be limited to the exercises here given, but easy news- paper articles, the prose part of school readers, printed collections of business letters, and published reports of law and convention proceedings, may be profitably used for this purpose. Great care should be taken to write each article properly the first time, and to rewTite it afterwards not less than three or four times Avith gradu- ally increased speed. 15. Carry a list of word and phrase signs, and a copy of 5^our last written exercise, in your pocket, to read over and memorize at leisure moments. 10. In making memoranda, or in corresponding with those who understand them, you should employ the short-hand characters as fast as learned. 17. You will find the study more interesting, and progress faster, Xiv INTRODUCTION. b.y having a fellow student with whom to meet at slated times for practice. 18. Not only can a more lively interest in the work be kept up, but real advantage is gained, by students corresponding with each other in the stenographic characters. The author, when applied to, will be pleased to introduce those wishing to enter into such an arrangement Note.— The attention of the student is called to the explanation of our method of giving lessons by mail and of instructing cor- respondence classes, found at the close of the book. The Reporting Style of Short-Hand. LESSON I. 1. CONSONANT ALPHABET, SEC. i. 5. chay / choice, each. 6. jay / joy, gem, edge. 7. kay kite, lack. 8. gay go, log. 1. pe \ pit, lip. 2. be ^^ boat, tub 3. te I top, mat 4. de I do, sad. 2. Each of the short -hand letters here given represents an ele- mentary consonant sound, and has a force equivalent to the full- faced type in the corresponding words. Each is to be used when- ever, and only ivhen, its particular sound is heard. The character \ pe, for example, signifies the breath sound of p in pie or ape, and is employed only when this occurs. It will be observed, how- ever, that this sound does not recur as frequentlj'- as the common or long-hand p. In sophist, for example, this element is not found, the long-hand p being taken with h to represent the force of /. In copper, this sound occurs but once, the first p being used merely to indicate that o is short. 3. In sound-writing, only as many letters are employed as there are distinct sounds heard; thus fo, foe, na, nay; lo, low; felo, fel- low; do, dough; fabl, fable; fonograf, phonograph; inikst, mixed; kwil, quill; hwen, when. There are no silent letters, as b in lamb; no unnecessary letters, as x and c, which could be dispensed with, X having the force as ks, as in tax, or of gz, as in example, and c that comiuouly of either s, as in face, or k, as income; sometimes (15) 16 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. of sh, as in vicious. Hence the usual manner of spelling a word has nothing lohatever to do in determining the way in which it is written in short-hand. 4. The characters which express the consonant sounds of a word, when written In the order in which they occur, are called its consonant delineation. For example, for take, te-kay is the delinea- tion; for jug, jay-gay; for keg, kay-gay; etc. 5. These, when joined or written together, are called a conso- nant outline, as in betake, or digit. This should be executed with- out lifting the pen from the paper, each successive letter being written in its proper direction, beginning where the preceding ends, thus, Book deck copy betake digit cook jug cage check dodge jacket judge 6. The rule for placing outlines is that the fimt descending letter should rest on the line. This requires that some letters be written one space above, as — kay in co2)y, which is necessary in this case, in order that \ pe, the first downward letter, may rest upon it. 7 . Write each letter longer or shorter with reference to a fixed standard, which should not vary much from the sixth of an inch. Assuming j te to be the standard, all other ve'rtical letters should be the same height. Kay, also, should be the same length, and other horizontal consonants should occupy an equal space along the line. All slanting letters are written the same height as te, their length depending on the degree of inclination. 8. The side of a square in the stenographic practice book is one sixth of an inch. The proper length for I'jtters is secui'ed by writing each only as long as the square will allow, as shown by the figure : ,i-^kJ CONSONANT ALPHABET. 17 9. Caution. — The student is apt, at first, to incline te and de somewhat to the right, and to give too little slant to inclined letters. This fault may be overcome by writing te, and other upright letters, so as" to correspond with the vertical lines in the practice book ; also, by writing pe, cliay, and other slanting letters in such a man- ner as to extend diagonally across the square. 10. The first six letters are always written downward; but hori- zontal letters, as kay and __ gay, are executed from left to right. 11. Give each letter its proper attitude, as follows: j te and I de, vertical ; \ pe and \ be, right slant; / chay and/^ jay, left slant, at an angle of forty-five degrees with the horizontal. Care should be taken to make the light letters thin as possible, and the heavy ones thick enough only to be readily distinguished from the light. 12. Each letter, when standing alone, should rest on the line. 13. The pen should be held between the thumb and first and second fingers, not far from the nib, and in a nearly upright posi- tion, as shown in the first figure. The practical stenographer will, however, derive rest from an occasional change to the position shown in the second figure . 14. Copy Sec. 1 of the alphabet forty to fifty times, or until you can make every character accurately soon as read to you. 15. The student will observe that several different words may have the same outline, as te-kay for both take and took, gay-de for guide and giddy, be-gay for big and beg. But this is merely acci- dental, and no ambiguity results from it. In the sentence, for in- stance, "Thnspi X boys x bread" the context enables the 2 18 KEPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAXD. reader to determine when this character signifies hirj and ■nhen teg. Here be-gay denotes first an adjective, tlien a verb; and it is a rule that the same cliaracter may represent two or more different parts of speech witliout danger of ambiguity. EXERCISE 1. 16. Write the consonant outlines for the following v/ords : Take, deck, pick, check, keep, took, deep, guide, dog, jug, do, pay, up, it, be, go, cage, ditch, pig, budge, dodge, pitch, judge, page, betake, bedeck, touch, copy, pity, abate, abode, giddy, body, edit, book, deputy, jacket, pocket, bucket, ducat. (Twice in 3 miu.) LESSON II. CONSONANT ALPHABET, SEC. 2. 17.9. ef v_ fan, laugh, physic. 10. ve ^ vine, love. 11. itli ( think, both. 12. the ( them, soothe. 13. as ^, so, face. 14. ze ) zeal, was. 15. isli J shall, vicious. 16. zhe _• seizure, pleasure. 17. lay f^ light, bell. IS. ar I arm, furrow. 19. em '' ^ nie, him. 20. en ^_> no, i.i. 21. ing -^^ ing, i ili. 22. way ) woe, away. 23. yea ^ your. 24. hay /^ he. 18. Table showing directions in which all the alphabetic letters are to be written : Downward: W | \ / / \^\^ [ { )) J J ^-\ T To the right: — — '^^ v_^ ^-^ ; Upward: (^ ^ COXSOXAXT ALPHABET. 19 19. straight letters should be made without crook or curvature. Curves should be bent uniformly throughout, aud the thickened ones allowed to taper at tlie extremities. 20. The student should spend at least fifteen minutes a daj^ for one or two weeks in the oral outlining of words. Beginning with any list found in this book, first pronounce the word aloud, and then name the letters in the order, which, if written, would consti- tute its consonant delineation. Thus, system would be spelled, es-es-te-em; short-hand, ish-ar-te-hay-eu-de; stenography, es-te- eu-gay-ar-ef ; tax, te-kay-es; example, gay-ze-em-pe-lay; quill, kay-way-lay; lohite, hay-way-te; erasure, ar-zhe-ar. 21. Short-hand is very different from a mere abbreviated long- hand. In writing it you should not attempt to spell out words, as you do in long-hand, but simply write the consonant sounds that are actually heard. In lodge (lay-jay), for example, there is no de; in bell (be-lay), there is but one lay; in arrow, but one ar. Final y is never yea, but always a vowel. (Vowels will be explamed in a subsequent lesson.) 22. In common long-hand an elementary sound is sometimes represented by one letter aud sometimes by another; as, for exam- ple, the force of f is also given to ph. But in short-hand each distinct sound is provided with a separate character, which always denotes that particular sound, and can never denote any other. 23. The perfect adaptation of the written characters to the sounds which they express is shown in part by the following exam- ples: The two similar and cognate sounds, \ pe and ^^ be, are denoted by two similar characters, the aspirate pe being appropri- ately expressed by a light, and the subvocal be by a shaded, stroke. Be differs from pe only in point of shade, which is sufficient dis- tinction, since, should pe be shaded too much, or be too little, no uncertainty of meaning would result; e. (/., the sentence, "It is pest to bay as you go," is of no doubtful signification. The same principle applies in the case of each other pair of cognates : te and de, kay and gay, ef and ve, etc. Also, observe that the explodents are appropriately expressed by straight letters, while the coutiuu- ents and liquids are indicated by curves. 24. Copy Sec. 2 of the alphabet many times, until you can 20 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND, write all the characters readily at dictation. Then practice on the entire alphabet until you can write all the letters in proper order from memory. 25. Words whose outlines are horizontal, as make (em-kay), or mimic (em-em-kay), should be written on the line. 26. EXEKCISE 2. Take make hotel jug bank oral deluge anthem demolish behead Chicago Louisiana. Arm, mail, neck, early, fail, daily, bill, being, bell, lay, may, no, show, own, say, so, way, became, came, deluge, demolish, avenge, mimic, money, name, thick, wake, picnic, polish, shame, among, ask, death. Ascending letters, when initial, should begin on the line: Lady, love, head, heavy, lake, alarm, also, length, long, live. (2 min) . LESSON III. WORD-SIGNS. Lay el ish shay hay (not thus) Alabama behead duet keg annul period Tj.c..4^...£-.'fr::.-<^...C^s::i-.ir.^.^.>!~ anatomy nothing asylum fail gypsy ink thumb Asiatic bishop. 27. Proper names are underscored with a double dash, as in Alabama. 28. The initial tick of hay should be written in a horizontal position, and not alloAved to incline in such a manner as to form a WORD-SIGXS. 21 hook. It is sometimes inconvenient to write this tick when haj' is medial. lu such cases it is indicated merel}', by retracing the pre- ceding letter, as in behead. 29. Such words as duet aud kecj are written witli a single stroke of the pen, and should taper or thicken gradually. 30. The liquid I is sometimes written downward, and is then called el to distinguish it from lay (upward) . Ish, when struck upward, is called shay. The student should always use lay and ish, unless el or shuy is specified. 31. One of the purposes in sometimes using el instead of lay, aud shay instead of ish, is to secure better angles at their junctures with other letters. The legibility of au outline depends to a large extent upon its angularity. For this reason, a distinct angle should be made in joining ith and ef, ef and en, ith and ing, as in nothing, and other letters making similar junctions. 32. The participial ending, i-n-g, is denoted by the consonant ^^iug. 33. Bern. Legibility in short-hand is even more important than speed ; for of what consequence is rapid writing, if the char- acters cannot afterwards be read? Legibility depends in part upon the accurate formation of the characters; but in order that a char- acter may be formed accurately, it is not necessary to write it slow- ly ; on the contrary, experienced stenographers produce the more perfect outlines with a somewha-t rapid movement, just as an ornamental penman executes the most graceful curve or flourish with a quick stroke, rather than by tediously drawing it. The stu- dent should learn from the flrst to write the characters rather than irnw them. It is a loss instead of gain to continue forming them slowly in order to secure mathematical precision. 34. The learner's method should be, to write a given Avora slowly several times, until its outline is well fixed in the mind; then write it rapidly, and continue doing so until it can be formed both accurately and quickly. EXERCISE 3. 35. Wait, botany, bulk, l)ehead, bar, damage, depth, deviate, dialogue, effect, eflicacy, elligy, epitome, error, escape, wade, fare. 22 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. farm, obviate, remedy, policy, agency, apology, milk, army, eclectic, delay, am, waking, embody, engage, enough, envy, image, inch, in- demnify, inform, ingenuity, intimacy, unto, invoke, involve, shape, know, month, nominate, nothing, comic, shadow, share, adore, allopathy, arc, assassin, asylum, azure, bachelor, baggage, bath, below, beneath, betime, both, buffalo, colleague, cab, cabbage, chaos, delay, demagogue, detach, detail, dialect, dig, dilemma, dish, dogma, effeminate, enigma, dull, epidemic, aesthetic, fair, far, fel- low, fetch, fish, gash, gum, gush, gypsy, hack, hedge, hitch, honey, hook, hush, infect, ink, lavish, levity, link, lodge, log, monk, omit, pair, pang, pathetic, ramify, remove, shake, sham, shove, going, tank, thief, thumb, tick, timid, top, topic, vacate, fatigue, Anthony, Jacob, Lewis, Matthew, Timothy, Fanny, Lilly, Lucy, Dakota, Dick, Jack, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Asiatic. Using shay (up- ward), bishop; using el (downward), along, denial, vowel, manual, annul. (5 m.) 36. A large number of the commonest words are indicated l)y brief characters, called Word-signs. These are merely abbreviated forms expressing one or more of the principal sounds of the words they are used to represent,— as in long-hand are the abbreviations Rev., A. D., P. M., Co., Aus., etc. These are not arbitrary charac- ters, but express some of the leading consonant or vowel sounds of the words for which they stand. 37. Word-signs: / which, come, V^ for, ^ have, i they, them, ) was, _J shall, _J usual-ly, (^ will, .^. him, (^ your, ,^ together, ( think, \ object. Advantage language change dignity- essential faith-ful health income November efficient become chapter he help never 38. The word- signs cannot be too thoroughly committed to memory, since the words they represent are those which recur the most frequently. Remember always to use the proper word-sign, PHRASEOGRAPHY. 23 and not the full oiitliue, ^Yhenever any sign-word occurs; e. g. use kay, never kay-em, for come; chay, not hay-way-chay, for which. 39. Write: ..^.r...v.....c:..,.>...r....vz:....V2 Will your big hack fetch my bulky baggage ? (6 times in 1 m.) 40. TRAXSLATE. 34 REPORTING STYLE OF SIIORT-IIAXD. LESSON IV. 41. Arc wreck ferry forehead tyranny are-many he-has-no will-you-come he-aaay-think RAY (or upward R), AND PHRASEOGRAPHY. he-is- wrong are-you-ready. 42. For the purpose of securing greater speed, angularitj' of outline, and also to prevent the too great downward tendency of many Avords, the liquid B is also written with an upward stroke, called Bay. This character is precisely like hay with the initial tick omitted. 43. The student should use ray in all cases where ar is not specified. 44. Using ray, write: Ring, road, revive, reveal, revenue, teacly, repeal, rash, rate, range, wreck, wrong, abhor, apothecary, birth, bureau, arrive, earth, heretic, mai'ch, mark, marry, marriage, married, memorial (el), merry, admire, memory, mirror, narrow, notary, period, perish, rare, rarify, injury, theory, thorough, torna- do, tyrann}^, variety, victory, hurry, ferry, poetry, Arizona, dare, allegory (el), arch, arduous, burial (ol), bury, carry, cherry, cohere, forehead, forge, harsh, horror, inferior, morrow, ravage, red, re- pair, repel, retire, revenge, revoke, revolve, rich, rush, tard}', ter- ror, torch, upright, urge, vary, verify, votary, wrath, wretch, noto- riety, Darius, Ezra, Mark, Theodore, Marion, Mary, Rachel, Rosa, Ruth, Barrett. 45. Rem. Ray is more quickly Avritten, and much oftener used than ar, and its employmeut more frequently secures angularity of outline. 46. Ar is always used before em, never before '^e or de, and rarely after kay; while ray is used after eai, and befo>-e en and ing. 47. In beginning an outline, it is evident that either ar or ray PIIRASEOGRAPHY. 25 makes a distinct augle by junction -with a following kay or gay. The choice in such cases is determined in favor of ar by the fact of a preceding vowel, as in arc; but in the absence of such vowel, ray is used, as in loreck. Ray is employed, when final, if followed by a vowel, as in ferry. 48. WORD-SIGNS. In, any is, his s- notwithstanding are represent- ed irregular, argue legible f / illegible /V. perform magnanimous New Yorli j[ majesty .:2. republic peculiar-ity PHRASEOGRAPHY. 49. In short-hand, two or more commonly recurring words are often written together, without the pen being lifted from the pa- per. An assom))l;ige of words which may be thus joined, is called a 26 REPORTING STYLE OF SIIOKT-IIAXD. phraseogram, and the character which expresses them, a plu-aseo- graph. Much speed is gained by phrasing, with no sacrifice of legibility. 50. PHRASEOGRAPHS. I-aay -^ 1 l-guide _ I-am he-became ' ' ^ ^ lie-wil! you-will -d. ^^. ' you-know 51. In phraseographj', only half the sign for I is commonly written, whichever "tick" makes the best angle witli the word to whicli it is joined; e. g., in I-gidde, the downward stroke is used; but when the second tick is employed, it is invariably struck npioard, as in I-do. With es, ze, ish, and zhe, the whole sign for I should be written, as in I-say. ■ 52. The sign for /, when standing alone, or when it begins a phraseograph, is always written above the line, and the words com- bined with it must adapt themselves to its position. E. g., I-am is written above the line, although am, when it stands alone, is placed upon it. 53. He, in phraseography, is indicated by a tick precisely like the second stroke of the sign for I, excepting that it is always struck downward, as in he-became. 54. When this stroke does not make an angle with the following word, he may be expressed by the joined hay, written half its usual length, as in he-hurried. 55. He, diffei-ent from /, has no position of its own, but adapts itself to that of the word to which it is joined. E. g., he-may is written on the line, while in he-was the tick is necessarily above the line. 56. The sign for yo^l is inverted in phraseography, when neces- sary to secure a good angle, as in you-know PnUASEOGRAPIIY. 27 57. Are is expressed by ar instead of ray, when angularity re- quires, as in are-many. EXERCISE 4. 58. Join tlie words connected by a liyphen. I-think, you-are, I-am-going, he-will-be, he-has-no, you-will-have-them, he-may- arrive, I-abhor, I-perish, I-delay, you-represeut, do-you-have, will-you-come. 1. He-may-think he-is-wrong. 2. Are-j-ou-ready? 3. I-am- hiirrying notwithstanding your delay. 4. I-am-going-into Xew- York. 5. He-will argue it. G. I-shall reform-them. 7. I-tliink he-will-be popular enough as deputy. 8. I-say Tom Avill-do nothing for-them. 9. I-will-inform-you that-it-may-do for-March, never for-Noveniber. 10. His daily income will-make-him rich enough. 11. I-judge that Theodore Avill go-up into Dakota, Wyoming, especially Nevada. 12. Among-so-many, your book will-havc-no advantage. 13. Ezra Bari'ett is rather peculiar. 14. They-may-never do-so. 15. Darius will-never-march any reg- ular army into Arizona. 1(3. As-you-may know, his help, as-usual, is efficient. (4 m.) 59. Will-you-keep-}-our November-magazine for Mark Mere- dith ? (4 times in 1 m.) 60. TR^VXSLATE ,.^..I^....^...:^..:r::::'..<::^.^..r^^<^^ ..\^....:^..£..-^...C:^..'-^...6r^...^.^. .a..f\^..(\^. 6„ ^_-p 28 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAXD. LESSON V. LONG VOWELS. 61. SCALE. r e in me j ~ aw in law • a " make j~ " ope . a " father \m 00 " boot ..lJL key peak V--^ park pshaw 62. The six long vowels are denoted by a shaded dot and dash, placed heside the consonant signs at three different points', called the first, second and tJiird vowel places, being respectively at the begiiming, middle, and end of the jconsonant.steni. The long sound of e is expressed by placing the large dot in the first place, or at the beginning of the consonant, as in eat or key; the sound of o, l)y writing the dash in the second place, or at the middle of the letter, as in oak. 63. These arc tleiioinrhated ;/?rs<, second, and third place vowels, according as they occupy the first, second, or tliird vonel positions. LONG VOWELS. 29 64. Vowels placed above the horizontal, or at the left of the upright and slanting signs, are read Ijefore them, as in oak and eat. When placed below, or at the right of theni, thej' are read after- ward, as in key and hoe. 65. Dash vowels should invariably be written perpendicularly to the consonants beside which they are placed, as in oak and raio. 66. A word is said to be vocalized wdien the vowel signs are add- ed to its outline. The Nominal Consonant is any letter, as te or chay, cancelled, its office being simply to indicate position, when Avords having no consonant are to be written, as ah and awe. 67. Vocalize: Eat, ate, tea, toe, ace, saw, sea, low, oaf, foe, oak, ache, key, coo, gay, aid, dough, awl, ale, lea, ape. Foe, paw, Joe, shoe, eve, thaw, p.shaw, jaw, fee, aim, ma, woe, hoe, gnaw, knee, nay, Esau, row, raw, oar, era, ado, age, ah, aught, awe, bay, bee, fee, hay, Jew, low, oat, ode, sew, sue. 68. In the following words the vowel occurs between two con- sonants, and should be placed beside the first, as in peak and coach. First place vowels : Beat, cheek, chalk, heap, heed, tall, leaf, league, leap, meal, peal, ball, beach, beak, beam, beer, hawk, kneel (el), leak, peach, peak, reap, sheep, team, teeth, wreath, wreathe, Neal (el), Paul, Maud. 69. Second place : Cake, coach, coal, comb, dale, dame, bail, bowl, cape, joke, fame, gale, game, jail, choke, knave, lame, loaf, nail (el), pole, porch, tale, tame, vale, yoke, abate, bore, roam (ar), rogue, rope, babe, bait, pale, dome, goal, loathe, mail, pail, poke, pope, rake, robe, tail, tape, vague. Job. 70. Third-place vowels should be written beside the second of the two consonants between which they occur, as in coop : Pool, tool, root, balm, boom, calm, rood, touib ; (using ar) lark, tar, czar, tour, jar. 71. Using only the long vowels: Antique, aurora (ar), bouquet, foliage, elate, jubilee, oatmeal, parade, pillow, pony, potato, up- roar, yellow, Ada, Cora, Edith, Eva, Laura, Nora, lower (ar) . 72. The lists of words given in this book as a rule should not be vocalized, except in special cases where one or two vowels are required to render an outline unambiguous. Isolated words com- monly require vocalization. 73. Rem. Only one out of many hundred vowels is actually 30 KEPORTIXG STYLE OF SHOKT-HAND. ■wi'itten in short-hand; but enough more are indicated by the man- ner of combining the consonant signs to malie the system entirely legible. The possibility of reading from the consonants alone may be shown by the fact that a page of print is easily decipherable, all the vowels having been previousl}' blotted out; for not only would the spaces remain which set off the words, but those also which indi- cate where vowels are to be supplied. This crudely illustrates the method employed in short-hand. 74. A thorough acquaintance with the vowel signs is essential, nevertheless ; that they may be written quickly in the few instances in which they are used, and that the principles of consonant combi- nation by which they are indicated, may be understood. The long vowels, especially, should be well memorized, since they are em- ployed much more frequently than the short. 75. The rule for placing vowels between two consecutive con- sonants must not be neglected ; otherwise a vowel might be placed at the angle of two letters, which would occasion ambiguity; e.g., pe-ray, with a large dot written within the angle, thus X^/ , may be read either par or peer. 76. Caution. The student must not forget that short-hand is written by sound. Vowels, in the sense here used, do not refer to the letters a, e, i, etc., but to the vocal sounds that are actually heard in the distinct utterance of any word. Hence, to write a word properly, no regard whatever should be had to its spelling. In yoke, for instance, there is but one vowel, that of o long; final e, being silent, is not represented. A good plan is to speak each word aloud before Avriting it ; or, better still, to have the lists distinctly pronounced to you by another person. 77. The first vowel position being at the beginning of the con- sonant, first-place vowels should be written at the top of downward letters, as in psliaio, and at the bottom of the upward, as in raio. 78. As a rule, the vocalized words given in this and the two following lessons should always be Avritten with the vowels. 79. To this, however, exceptions are sometimes made, especial- ly in verbatim reporting, Avhere time does not allow ; also, in cases where any particular word occurs frequently in the same report, and for which the simple outline would be unmistakable. LONG VOWELS. 31 80. WORD-SIGNS. rpjjg • • already an, and all too, two * 1 ought before, oh of who on (upward) should (upward --- — 1 1 or but to 81. PHRASEOGRAPHS. the-loaf \/^ V . \^^^ the-porch a-gulde 82. Any one of the three ticks which denote I or he may be used to indicate the, that one always being selected which secures the best angle. This sign, when it represents the, invariably adapts itself to the position of the word to which it is joined; e. g., in the-loaf, it rests on the line, while in the-porch, it is one space above. No ambiguity can result from the use of the same sign for the article the, and the i)ronouns /and he. 83. A, an, and, are all denoted in phraseography by a brief tick, written horizontally or vertically (downward), as angle may re- quire, as in a-book-and a-guide. 84. The dot, or vowel word-signs for a, and, an, and the are rarely used; only when the tick does not make a good angle. EXERCISE 5. 85. The-day, the-object, the-usual, the-many, the-name, the- bishop, the-shadow, the-chapter, the-essential, and-it, and-do, 32 REPORTING STYLE OF SHOKT-HAXD. and-go, and-make, and-will, and-know, and-rcpresent, and-be, and-the, aud-never, a-cliauge, a-cliapter, a-tornado, a-ratlier, au- illegible, and-j'ou-may, and-lie-ma.v, and-I-may, and-I-will, a-lake-and-a-farm, a-loug-delay, he-lias-come-to take-the-maga- zine. 1. The-day is coming, and-you-may-look-for-a victory before- long. 2. Should-you-comc-to-day, Maud and-Laura will-make- a bouquet and-au antique foliage wreath for-you. 3. Are-you- going-to-go-to sea to-day? 4. Paul, take-your oar and-go-and row a-league. 5. The-knave is-taking coal iuto-tbe coach. 6. They-have-a tall coop in-the park. (4 m.) 86. Cora, you-may-go-aud help Laura make oatmeal cake for tea. (6 times iu 2 m.) 87. TRANSLATE. ..«....^..-rr::..."r?r...u.Sc.,.^./..*...-?f.><...lr:?:. ,^.x\„v<:^...v:..^....A ,(j. ..■^.X.Vr \/ spell search __0^/ <^ goes T C seed I >vp voice ' X/'^ ^^''^'^^^ Tom's bells ring. 89. Write the following exercise, using the diphthongs 7, as in type^ oil 3.S in hoxj., ow, as in vow, and the triphthong xvi, as in 10 ire. Tie, t3'pe, pipe, vile, knife, mile, defy, boy, boil, coil, oil, Illinois (el-eu-oi), foil, row, vow, wire, toy, vouch, Guy, buy, chime, couch, cow, coy, dike, foul, hide, nigh, owl, fowl, pike, pile, rhyme, shy, sigh, spike, dye, thigh, tire, toil, annoy, diet, envoy, loyal, roj'al, 3 34 REPORTING STYLE OF SH0RT-HA>:D. Isaac, sour (ar) . Using long vowels also : assignee, voyage, Ely, Elijah, Eliza, Ida, Myra, Viola. THE S-CIRCLE. 90. Es and ze are denoted in outlines by a small circle. This, when joined to curved letters, is written within, or following the direction of the curve, as in sense. 91. AVhen joined to straight letters, the circle is always written upon the right of downward letters, as in s2)ell; on the left of upward letters, as in search; and upper side of horizontal letters, as in goes. When the circle is initial, it is read before the vowels, as in seed, and when final, after them, as in voice. 92. TABLE OF S-CIRCLE JOININGS. This table should be copied many times, until the student can without taking thought, join the circle properly. Written exercises should also be compared with it every day, uutil errors cease to be found. When joined to straight letters, the circle is executed from right to left, as the letter o is written in long-hand. This rule will enable the student to test the accuracy of his own work. For convenience in teaching, these characters are sometimes named, spe, pes, seb, bes, ste, tes, sed, des, sef, efs, sev, sith, sel, sem, ways, &c. Es and ze, being cognates, are both represented by a single sign, namely, the circle, with no danger of ambiguity, 93. The circle is not employed, however, to denote ze, when initial, as in zeal, zinc, zoology, the full length consonant being used instead. 94. The possessive or plural of a word, which is formed in long-hand by the addition of s or es, is formed in short-lunid by affixing the s-cii'cle to its word-sign or outline; e.g., Tom^s bells ring. 95. Es and ze, when standing alone, as in ooze or sea, cannot be represented by the circle, which it is impossible to vocalize. 96. Using the s- circle, write: Case, face, save, safe, sale, sake. BIPIITIIOXGS AND THE S-CIRCLE. 35 said, same, eminence, endorse, famous, flx, harness, immense, less, Sabbath, safety, savage, scale, sell, senate, sense, sketch, small, smith, son, smoke, solid, slave, suppose, spell, study, sin, Sunday, space, this, yes, honesty, Saturday, alliance, announce, apologize, assets, audacious, avarice, cell, cemeterj', debase, deli- cious, depose, devise, diffuse, dubious, factious, fictitious, notice, obvious, paradise, sex, sink, skip, sledge, slim, sling, slip, spare, spark, spool, such, sun, surface, surge, surpass, sur\^ey, surveyor, survive, swallow, swing, Swiss, switch, twice, valise, various, vase, vex, wages, wax, Horace, James, Marcus, Nicholas, Rufus, Samuel, Thomas, Stella; (using ar) cellar, circuitous, severe, Cffisar, enforce, force. 97. Vocalize: Lace, seal, seat, site, slow, snow, sail, choose, dose, abase, choice, geese, gaze, score, spoil, stay, vice, pause, voice, invoice, nice, noise, spj', ail, soul, chase, cheese, dice, entice, race, sage, sauce, siege, skj-, slay, sleeve, slope, sly, snail, snake, soap, sole, spire, stale, sty, repose, sway, Maurice, Miles, Saul, Sarah; (using ar) soar, sore. 98. WORD-SIGXS. How, ' high, j^ its, \^ several. Savior, \ special, \ subject, ^ advantageous. EXERCISE C. 99. 1. That boy of -yours makes enough noise. 2. Do-you-say he-is going-to tie the-rope to-the cow's neck? 3. He-ought-to- make less noise, so-that-he-may-keop his seat in-the-Senate. 4. May honesty be-your policy notwithstanding your name-may become less famous. 5. I-will-help-you take-an invoice of all- your-stock. 6. You-should-never for-any reason, or-ou-any-day, make-a foolish vow. 7. Do-you indorse the-study of-such-a- subject as-this? 8. Yes, and-I-thiuk-you-should study it thor- oughly on-all-days but Sundays. 9. I-suppose you-will-make-it- your special object to know it all before-the-month of November. 10. Several boys have-come to-day to-sell milk. 11. You-will- have-no magazine for sale iu-this-language for-several-days. 12. iQ KEPORTIN'G STYLE OF SHORT -HAND. It-"was-said in-the-Senate of-Illinois that-for-the space-of two- daj'S all bells should ring the-alarm. 13. The-Senate of-this- republic will-long-be famous for its safe and-dignified policy. (4m 30s). 100. How-many-days do-you-suppose he-will-be in-surveying enough-space for-the-cemetery? (10 times in 2 m) . 101. TRANSLATE. SHUKX VUWELS. 37 LESSON VII. 102. SHORT VOWELS. SCALE. i in pit j in cot e " pet — u " cut a " pat 1 _ 00 " to0k Big A-^U tack beg \.._^=;^ lazy .0= =£ 4^ The short-vowel signs differ from tlie long only in point of siiade, tlie dot and dash being made large or small according as long or short vowels are to be expressed. 103. Write: Big, fill, ill, job, kicl^, kill, knock, lock, rock, chorus, echo, edge, egg, elbow, else, guess, kiss, mass, haughty, enemy, ahis, Asia. 104. The following third-place vowels, coming between two consecutive consonants, should be placed beside the second, as iu tack: Tack, valley, malice. 106. Second-place short vowels, coming between two consecu- tive consonants, are placed beside the second, ( unlike second-place long vowels, which are written with the first) . Beg, tup, gem, autumn, lion. 452285 38 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. 106. When two vowels, either long or short, occur between two consecutive consonants, the first is placed beside the first conso- nant, and the other beside the second, as in poem. Idiom, idiot, poem, maniac. 107. The entire rule for placing vowels, both long and short, between two consecutive consonants is, briefly ; Write beside the first consonant; First-place long vowels, First-place short vowels. Second-place long vowels. 108. Beside the second consonant; Second-place short vowels. Third-place short vowels, Third-place long vowels. ,fmy^^ Diagram showing the assignment of vowels when l*~i ■^ occurring between two consecutive consonants. 109. Besides keeping vowels out of angles, a further advantage of this rule is that second-place vowels, though they be insufficient- ly or wrongly shaded, are known by the position which they occupy beside the first or second consonant. No symbol is provided for the sound of e in sermon, which should be indicated by the sign for e in met (not by that for u in up) . Some other shades of vowel sound are not provided for in the short-hand vowel scale ; but these, for all practical pui'poses, are clearly enough indicated by the signs for those vowels which most nearly approach them. 110. When two vowels are to be placed beside one consonant, they are written at unequal distances from it, according to the order in which the sounds occur, as in j '^- Dio. INITIAL AND FINAL ES AND ZE, 111. Since the circle cannot be vocalized, when es follows an initial, or es or ze precede a final vowel, the stroke and not the circle es or ze is used; as in assail or lazy. This rule holds good in all cases, whether the vowels are actually written or not, since the use of the stroke consonant in these circumstances indicates where the vowels are to be supplied ; e. g., the alphabetic letters are used in SHORT VOWELS. 39 essence and easy, and the circle in sense and rose. Vocalize: Racy, mazy, dozy, posy, daisy, gauzy, dizzy, hazy, noisy, essence, espy. 112. In the following list, write both long and short vowels. Special attention should be paid to the proper placing of them be- side the consonants. Acme, agony, alimony, allure, ally, alto, apathy, apex, appal, appease, Arab, array, audit, bang, barrow, botch, buggy, cameo, chip, chop, col), coffee, oog, dairy, duck, dumb, Dutch, epic, essay, ethics, fiat, fogy, gang, gas, gaudy, hiatus, hobby, job, lag, lap, lash, latch, lath, leg, lip, luck, lung, mellow, melodious, mess, mob, odd, opcia, palace, palm, parody, pith, rack, shock, silk, solemn, Stoic, tally, tear, Adam, Amos, Caleb, Ellis, Emory, Enoch, Jesse, Agnes, Alice, Anna, Ella, Emily, Emma, Hannah; (using ar) arrow, attire, err. 113. Without vowels: Veracious, custom, device, disengage, fallacious, auspicious, hasten, swell, visit, celerity, paradox, reason, receive, restore, race, raise, summer, service; (using ar) circus, erroneous, resume. 114. WORD-SIGNS. C C C 3 With, 2 pos. were would Acknowledge catholic disadvantage exchange expect forsake, for-the-sake-of New York City public-ish-ed for-the-purpose-ot EXERCISE 7. 115. 1. Wliat-do-you guess is-in-the-post-office for-you? 2. I-think-it-is-a sketch, "The-Lion on-the Rock" being-the-sub- 40 REPORTING STYLE OK SHORT-HAND. ject, aud-a poem on "The-Idiot and-the Maniac," which I -shall - receive aud-take-to-the notary. 3. Will-you-acknoAvledge that- the valley is liazy in autumn? 4. Yes, but it-is-never so in summer; 6. I-have-no-memory-of any-such tale as-that-in-your book. 6. To edit such-a-book is-a-big job. 7. It-is-in-uo-way sufficient, so-you-will-have-to exchange it for-something-else (el) . 8. The- enemy has knowledge -and-reason, but it-is erroneous to say-that- he-has riches. 9. Shall we-take-the team aud-buggy and-hasten to-visit-the circus to-day? 10. It-is-the-custom with-them to eat nothing but-milk-aud-eggs on-Sunday. 11. AU-the ships of-the navy will soon sail into-the sea aud-engage with-the haughty enemy. (4 m.) 116. What-would-be-the-advantage in restoring the-domestic ciistoms of-a-race of-which-we-have scarcely any-knowledge ? (8 times in 2 m.) 117. TRANSLATE ..4..^...>:^..C.P....^...C/C...?.>'...<^ CONSONANT POSITION. 41 LESSON VIII. 118. CONSONANT POSITION. King i deep nigh 119. Among the contrivances made use of to indicate vowels without actually writing them, one of the most simple and import- ant is that of consonant position. 'By means of this, the leading vowel of any word, that is, the vowel contained iu the accented syllable, is denotod by the position given its outline. 120. With reference to the line of writing, words occupy three different places, known as the first, second, and third consonant positions. 121. Second-position words rest on the line, where all words heretofore introduced are written. 122. First-position horizontal words are written one space above the line, as king. 123. Other first -position words are written half a space above 42 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. the Hue; e. g., in deep, de, the first descending letter, rests half a space above the line, pe being bisected by it. 124. Third-position horizontal words are written just below the line, as music. 125. Other third-position words rest half a space below the line ; e. g., in attack, te, instead of resting on the line is bisected by it. 126. The place of the accented vowel is signified by the position of the outline. Writing a word in the first-position signifies that its accented vowel is first-place (as ee, aw, oi, etc.). E. g., short 0, the acccated vowel in occupy, is implied by the position of the word above the line. Writing it in the third position signifies that its accented vowel is third-place (ah, ow, oo, etc.). E. g., 010, the accented vowel in allowed, is signified by the position of the word through tlie line. 127. Write in. first -position: Deal, abide, by, body, time, deep, deny, die, dime, she, ease, easy, easily, enjoy, fall, feel, female, joy, joyous (jay-es), king, law, leave, lie, life, life-time, like, me. meek, avoid, mill, my, occupy, thy, thee, if, off, pity, see, talk, teach, week, weak, assign, write, right, reach, alleviate, cheap. Deity, dock, dominate, miss, mock, nick, seam, series, size, speedy; (ar) fear, form, fire, sphere. 128. Third-position: Allow, assume, at, out, atom, attach, attack, beauty, back, cap, catch, cash, cavity, cool, aloud, allowed, few, hat, huge, Jewish, jury, lack, lad, laugh, map, match, mouth, move, path, view, abuse, academy, academic, eulogy (el- jay), fool, loose, factory, outrage, pure, renew, review, ruin, add, adduce, ensue, lose, pack, purity, purify, salute, sat, suit; (ar) power, poor, room, our, hour. Exceptional words, 3rd. pos.: Away, awake, await, July, advice. 129. Evidently the greatest speed is attainable when one posi- tion only is observed in writing. For this reason, words are commonly placed on the line, and ai'e put in other positions only when speed is actually gained by it, that is to say, when they would otherwise have to be vocalized, which would require more time than the other. It must not be supposed that all words which contain first or third place accented vowels, are to be written in the first or tliird positions. These are made use of only Avheu the writing of vowels can thereby be saved. It is a CONSONANT POSITION. 43 frequent case of two or more words having the same consonant outline, none of which need vocalizing, if all are different parts of speech. But ambiguity would result from the use of laj^-ve to represent the two verbs love and leave. In this case, the writing of vowels, otherwise necessary, is saved by placing leave, Avhicli contains the first-place vowel, in the first position. The use of te-chay for both touch and teach would also be ambiguous; hence, to denote teach, this outline is also written in the first position. 130. But it sometimes transpires that the accented vowels of both words are second place, as in the case of loait and await. This would determine both for the second position; but neverthe- less, as a matter of con\-enience in such cases, one of the words is Avritten in eit'.ier tlie first or third position, according as some unaccented first or third place vowel which it may contain, would indicate. E. g., aioait and awake are W'ritten in the third position, in order to be distinguished from the second position words, toait and vKike, which have the same outlines. 131. In all such cases the most commonly recurring word is given the second position. 132. Vocalized words commonly occupy the second position; but the legibility of short-hand writing is increased by occasionally giving these also the positions indicated by their accented vowels. This is more especially practiced in the case of words with hori- zontal outlines, as nigh, sky, etc. 133. WORD-SIGNS — 1st POS. Common, each, watch, ear, hear, her, ever, give-n, dollar, thing. - //^^"^V- I - EXERCISE 8. 134. 1. You-may-write-a review of all-our doings at-the- acadcmy on-the fourth Sunday of-February. 2. We-all know-that fire ruius many factories and-mills. 3. You-may-copy off-the eulogy on-the-life, laws, and-power of-the Jewish king. 4. Talks on-the-subject of-electricity will-ba given-in-both academies in- 4i P.EPORTING STYLE OF SIIORT-IIAXD. the-month of July. 5. It-is-a-common-thiiig-to lieur her laugh aloud at-that huge fool's-cap. 6. I-will carry that small watch this-week, and-if-the-right time it-keeps, I-will-give-you #25.00 for-the-same. 7. The-judge said-that the-jury should occupy this cool room, and-at no-time be allowed to-leave-it before -they say what-the damages in-this-case shall-be. 8. It-is-our-custom to- sell-for cash, but-you-will-be allowed to-exchauge your-map for- a hat or cap, or auything-else (cl) that-you-may lack. 9. The- huge earth moves along-its path many-miles an-hour. (4m) . 135. To-study the-lives-and laws of -the Jewish kiugs is-a- common-thiug iu-our day-aud-age. (9 times iu 2m). 136. TRANSLATE. ,.\...W..b I and-his-life it-is-of -advantage i 138. The rule laid clown in Lesson VI. for joining the s-circle, applies only when it occurs at the beginning or end of words. 139. But when the circle occurs at the juncture of two conso- nants, it should be written according to the following directions : 140. When the circle is to be written — 1. At the juncture of two straight letters, it should be placed outside the angle, as in desk. 141. 2. At the juncture of a straight letter and a curve, it should follow the direction of the curve, as in maxim. 142. 3. At the juncture of tAvo curv^es, if it cannot follow the direction of both, as it does in lesson, it should be written in the manner found most convenient, as in facility. 143. These directions apply also to phraseographs ; c. g., it-is- tOy and-his-life, it-is-of-advantage. 144. In the following list, the s-circle occurs between tAVO straight letters ; Custody, deposit, desk, dispatch, discuss, disobey, dispose, exhibit, dispel, expel, gazette, gospel, indispose, justice, succeed, capacity, Mexico, Tuesday, audacity, besiege, bestow, caustic, chastise, luxury, depository, disguise, despair, dusk, exodus, expire, extinguish, gasp, gossip, hostile, outside, parasite, receipt, restless, upset, et-cetera, Augustus, Justus, Augusta. 46 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. 145. Between a straight and curved letter: Citizen, desire, desirous, disarm, dislike, dismal, dismay, dissolve, egotism, excel, Harrison, immensity, maxim, maximum, message, music, resolve, cohesive, instil, musical, pacific, society, solicit, specify, vestige, veracity, Massachusetts, Minnesota, axiom, answer, castle, casualty, decimal, dismiss, dissolve, elastic, exile, felicity, garrison, offset, pacify, parasol, spasm, specify, tenacity, velocity, visitor, Absalom, Erastus (ar), Joseph, Missouri. 146. Between two curves: Atheism, counsel (el), facility, in- cendiary, innocence, insanity, lesson (el), mason, muscle, pencil (el), vessel (el), Cincinnati, officer, despair, exterior, risk, rustic, cancel (el), sarcasm (ar), chancellor (el), counsellor (el), damsel, denizen, domicile, fasten, gymnasium, license, lyceum, offensive, submissive; (also) salary, search, decorus, solitary, sophomore, sorrow, story, sir (ar), scarce (ar), genius, malicious, science, select, sublime, Minneapolis. 147. WORD-SIGNS — 3 PCS. However issue home, whom .(^..J^, //■^- advertise-ed-ment had, due half, few large much thank, j-outh ••/■/-(■ (y^- though, thou whole, allow young us, use (noun) whose, use (verb) hope, happy ->->-\-' ■^■■\- salvation to- tie ago EXEEC ISE 9. 148. 1. The-Gazette says that Harrison's army -will-leave Mex- ico on-Saturday of-this-week, aud-march all-the-way-to Minneap- olis, Minnesota, by- way-of -Missouri. 2. The-citizeu deposits his salary iu-the-bank-of Massachusetts ■vvith-scarcely any risk. 3. The-rustic, taking-counsel with-the judge for half-an-hour, says nothing, but foi'-some purpose dispatches his son to-Cincinuati. 4. The-justice informs counsel that-they-may, if-they wish, discuss- the-case before -the- jury for-two-hours. 5. Do-you-think-thal- the jury Avill-say the-youth is insane? G. Yes, they-have alreatly said-so; he-receives-the-message in despair, and-many also re- S-CIRCLE JUXCTIONS. 47 ceive-it with sorrow aud-dismay. 7. The-officers are-taking him iuto-custody, aud-vvill keep-hira safely in-a solitary room . 8. The- j-oung sophomore, they-say, has-a rare genius for poetry and- music. 9. I-hope the-saying has-no sarcasm in-it. 10. I-know, however, that-he-excels in-scieuce, and-never fails to exhibit vivacity in-society, 11. Instil right maxims iuto-the soul of-a- youth, aud-you-will see that-his life wi]l-be-the purer, {im. 30 s.) 149. I-hope, however, that-you-will give-the-youth whom-you teach the-whole story of young Absalom. (8 times in 2 m.) 150. TRANSLATE. ./<..tt.,^...^.^f::.^..|,...u,,^..af. ..^...YP..,.r?fr...*a...>rAi^..(^..>^..<*..^...^...Jg^ .5..Y.^r^:^..i..:r>).,^..r^?:}s^..,^..|?.> A.-^.{^..i^^..f..^...kC...6!..j:aid...U. 48 EKPOKTIXG STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. LESSON X. 151. PHRASEOGRAPHY. 1± l-think-that I-do I-know-you pay-him \ ^ 1 pos. altogether 152. Everj^ stenographer must determine for himself the precise extent to which he can apply phraseography to advantage. Many do not phrase enough; while, possibly, some do too much. Students, accustomed in long-hand to disjoin words, invariably find phraseography a hindrance at first; but the practice, once acquired, lessens the labor of rei^ortiug, and adds to both speed and legibility. Three Avords can be phrased while two of them are being Avritten separately; hence the g:un in speed. Bi:t icords separnted bi/ the slightest rhetorical pause, or mark of punctuation, should not he joined together. This adaptation of phraseography to syntax, renders short-hand notes far more legible than they would otherwise be. 153. The first word, which is called the Leader, should be written in its proper position, and the others allowed to occupy whatever place the phraseograph, in due course, may give them. E. g., / is the leader of the phrase, I-think-that; give, the leader in give-me, etc. 154. But many phraseographs can be so written that both the leader and word to which it is joined, shall occupy their appropriate positions, as in I-had. 155. The necessity phraseography imposes upon the writer of locating Avords out of their proper positions, occasions no draw- back upon legibility. The reader does not regard the position of PHRASEOGRAPHY. 49 words after the first or .second, but relies upon the context, whicli is a sure guide. 156. The phraseograph should be discontinued when an unusual word occurs, or one which must be written in its proper position in order to be unambiguous. E. g., give him, and p«y me, should not be joined, for fear of conflict with give-me, and pay -him. 157. 1 pos. (using the s - circle) : Cause, cease, city, office, oppose, peace, rise, seen, scene, sing, accede, seem, seed, seek, side, sight, since, police, these, wise, song, besides, disease, deceit, deceive, decide, design, despise, decease, excite, exceed, false, insight, incite, inside, likewise, business, mix, offence, scheme, Scotch, sleep, sweep, epistle, alike (el), miserj', reside, resign, revise, righteous, sincere, recite, rejoice, arise (ar). 158. 3 pos.: Amuse, soon, accuse, pass, passage, passive, sad, sagacity, anxiety, nuisance, induce, excuse, anxious, animosity, atlas, casual, beauteous (be-tes), absence, apostle, south, subdue, task, tax, absorb, refuse, house, refusal, rescue, reduce. Also write (3 pos.), anatomy, animate; (ar), affair, argue. 159. WORD-SIGNS. Lawyer influence similar because signiflcant-ance insigniflcant-ance falsehood company hence mostly December those, thus similarity mistake speech, speak post-mark justice-of-the-peace continue happiness holiness enlarge EXERCISE 10. 160. 1. A-rogue, whose name is Esau, takes-away the-cow of Paul the-rustic. 2. He-also carries off some of Paul's sheep, and- designs taking-his dog too. 3. But-the dog barks, and-Esau fear- ing he-will-be-seen, hastens home. 4. Paul informs-an-officer, 50 REPORTIXG STYLE OF SHORT-H-^:^'D. who, with-the-help of-the-police, soon-succeeds in arresting-the rogue. 5. Thej--take-the anxious Esau to-the city, and-lock him in-the-south room of -the jail. 6. Esau is accused by Paul of- having carried off-his live-stocli. 7. Esau denies all knowledge of- the affair, and-goes to seek-the advice of counsel. 8. He-goes-to- the office of-the sagacious Scotch lawyer, Jackson, who, sitting pensive in-his chair, asks-him what he-wishes. 9. I-have come, says Esau, to induce you to-argue iu-my behalf in-the-cause in- which I-am-accused by Paul. 10. But-the lawj^er, refusing to- help-him, says, I-think-you-will-never pay me. 11. At-the sight, however, of-the rogue's pile of-money, Jackson informs-him that- his side of-the-case is-the-right-side. 12. Esau, rejoicing exceed- ingly, says he-hopes it-is-no-mistake. 13. Thc-cause comes on for hearing before-a-jury and-a justice-of-the-peace, whose-name is Isaac. 14. The-lawyer Jackson thinks because both-the Justice and-the-accused are Jews, that-it-would-be-a wise scheme to- have-the Squire dismiss-the-jury, aud-with-no^help to hear and- decide the-cause. 15. Hence the-accused, by-his-lawyer, moves- the Squire that-this-be-carried out; and-the- Justice so deciding, the-jury goes. 16. The-Justice sits and-hears the-testimony of- each witness in-the-case, which-is altogether insufficient to show that-the-accused is-the thief. 17. The-lawyer thinks-it useless to- make-a speech, and-so leaves-the-case Avholly at-the disposal of- thc-Squire. 18. The-Justice says the-accused may rise up, and- Esau does-so with-no-fear. 19. The-Justice also saj-s: "The- bulk of-the testimony is Insufficient to show-you to-be -the th'ef; but I-rather think-that-the testimony is mostly wrong. 20. Hence, what-I-decide in-this-case is-this; that-you continue in-jail for- two-weeks, and-also that-you pass two-weeks on-the public rock- pile!" (8 m. 30 s.) 161. As-to-his design in-seeking-th« house of-the justice-of- the-peace, the-witness spoke-a-falsehood in-giviug-his testimony to-the-jury. (7 times in 2 m.) 162. THE SEZ-CIRCLE. TRAlfSLATE ../!...!..(/...'...:........kI.^...V^.A;- tr^ \ 51 LESSON XL THE SEZ-CIRCLE, EMP, AND COALESCENTS. 163. System enthusiast successes ambiguous weave wife ague wipe annual 164. The syllables sis, sys, sez, ces, sus, and others similar, are denoted by a large circle, as in system and successes. Write: Cases, paces, necessary, success, successor, subsist, decisive, desist, excess, excessive, exercise, exist, hypothesis, necessity, insist, system, emphasis, emphasize, analysis (el), Mississippi, Texas, Jesus, exercises, successes, accessory, axis. 52 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND diagnosis, enthusiast, recess, suspicious, thesis, possessor, Moses; 1 pos., exhaust. ^■^ EMP. 165. The cognates pe and be, when occurring after em, are sometimes indicated by a sliading of tliis consonant, as in camp, or ambitious. This tliickened em is called emp, and has the force of em-pe, or em-be. 166. Write: Pump, ample, camp, campaign, damp, encamp, example, lamp, lump, sample, sympath}', sympathize, temple, ambitious, imbecile, ambassador, ambiguity, ambiguous, embark, embellish, embezzle, empire, limp, pomp, symbol, symptom, thump. TABLE OF COALESCENTS. 167 . The signs here given have the force of the full-faced type in the corresponding words. LONG. SHORT. W Series. We walk with '''- wot c!i. y;;> !! J It. twang *•''■' wool T Series. yawn yi V," yea yoke yet "l!" TRIPHTHONGS. yarn yam wife ■ '1 ■wound MNEMONIC FIGURES. ajMA W dasb " dot coalescents bow to right. ^^ -@j. Y dash coalescents bow upward " " " left. v( Jta " dot " " downwai COALESCENTS. 63 168. The unobstructed consonants lo and y are commonly called coalesceuts, from the quality which they possess of readily uniting, or coalescing, with the vowel sounds. The double sounds toe, ye, you, etc., formed by combining to or y with a succeeding vowel, are frequently expressed by a small semi-circle written in the three vowel places, as vm in wave, ya in yarn. 169. Write: Dwell, wade, duke, hew, mule, muse, quack, squeeze, wed, wet, wood, Hugh, Julius, Luke, Celia, Delia, Eugenia, Utah. 170. When convenient, first and third place coalesceuts and diphthongs are joined to the consonant stems in connection with which they occur, as in weave, wife, endow, highly. 171. Write: Walk, wash, equip, ice, endow, Irish (shay), irony (ar), item, liquid, war, weave, wife, wit, wing, Idaho, Quebec, ague, dew, nephew, weed, widow, wipe. Omitting the coalescents: Acquiesce, anguish, annual (el), avenue, barrier, exquisite, genial (el), ingenious, languish, luxurious, requisite, tedious; 3 pos., cube, cubic, duel. PIIRASEOGRAPHY. 172. The principles of abbreviation explained in this lesson are also made use of in phraseography. lu^— v may-he, for example, /-^, the sign for may, is shaded to denote the following \^ be. .--^ Emp in this case is in reality an abbi'cviated i^hraseograph, and is called a phrase-sign. The words "is-saiU" are expressed by the phrase-sign sezde, which is obtained by enlarging the circle in said. A phrase-sign is a contracted outline representing a number of words as though they were but so many syllables ; whereas a phraseograph is obtained by raei'ely linking a number of words together. 173. The coalescent and diphthongal signs are always \vritten in a vertical or horizontal position, and do not, like the dash vowels, adapt themselves to their consonant stems by always being written at right angles with them. 174. The sez-circle should be written several times larger than the simple s-circle, so as to be readily distinguishable from it. 54 EEPORTIXG STYLE OF SlIORT-HAXD. 175. Important-ce improve-d-ment situple-y quiet acquit acute United States liigli, eye tieiglit howsoever wiiite yet water quick what is-said highly it-is-slmply is-his, his-is, Is-aa as-has, as-is, as-his has-his as-soon-as WORD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. ■-'•■^- V M •t ...1..... T) o dp o ,.U^, n 'impossible temperance-ate square senior junior failure higher •1 liighway, Iowa /... idea 6 _c> A uniform unite-ity Europe ye, year-s beyond is-seen this-is this-system gives-US is-such takes-u8 . loves-ua EXERCISE 11. 176. 1. You-may--\vrite-this and-all-succeecling exercises with red ink, if-you-wish, but-\ve-\vould-ratlier you-would-use simply the-common ink. 2. The-Yankee's Irish wife said she saw-a-large lamp sitting on-the top of the white temple. 3. Our temperance- speaker possesses a-geuius for war, aud-is-quick in-wit, with- which he-unites much irony. 4. He-has-an idea of uniting Texas, Iowa, Idaho, and-Utah by-a-common highway, but-the-thing is- simply-impossible. 5. This-is-our regular summer uniform, and- is-seen-in-the United-States-camps always at-this-time of year, but-is-never-to-be seen-in Europe. 6. He-loves-us, aud-it-may- be that-that-is why he-would-have us enjoy so-many of -the exquisite views in Utah. 7. Hugh takes-us to see-many sample dwellings on-the avenue, but I-thiuk-that-many-of-them lack- some necessary improvements. 8. How-mauy-years will-it-be, do-you-think, before-this-system will-have come-iuto common use in-the United-States, especially in-the large cities? 9. Our sagacious justice-of-the-peace subsists by hearing and-decidiug various petty cases. (5 in) . DOUBLE CORSON AXTS. 55 177. That-the-health of-the United-States armj' iiiay-be-im- provccl, it-is-iinportaut-that all-(jfRcei-s should set-au example of- temperance to inferiors. (11 times in 3 m). 178. TRANSLATE. ..^..:).x...'-^..5..-..^.:::^^r..<. LESSON XII. DOUBLE CONSONANTS.— THE L-HOOK. 179. The liquids I and r, by reason of the vowel element which they possess, partially coalesce with other consonants which immediately precede them: e. g., I unites very nearly with p in pht'j, and yvithfinfli/; r unites closely with p iu pry, and with / in offer. These consonant double-sounds are of very frequent occur- rence in our language, and are usually expressed by a modification of the stem of the first consonant. 56 KEPORTLXG STYLE OF SHOKT-nA>'D. THE L-HOOK. 180. The consonants of the 1-hook series are : Pel bel tel del chel jel kel gel fel vel thl the! shel (upward). ...'\.lIf../Z.feT.ft-r..L.C^..C.C,f^f. ,...'v'..r:<-../..?r-.. ^..w^ yr^..\j..^.. blow bowl glass settle sickle playful ankle nickel bushel collegiate 181. To express the added I, straight consonant letters are written witli a small hook atthe beginning, placed on the right, or s-circle side; e. g., this character \ , called pel, has the force of pe-hiy, as in playful. This hook is written within, or following the direction of curved letters. 182. These hooked, or double letters, are vocalized like other consonant stems, as in bloio, or glass. But the double letter is not used if the vowel occurs between the two consonant sounds denoted by it; e. g., in bowl, the hook cannot be employed, the vowel o coming between be and lay; but in bloio, the double consonant bcl is used, no vowel occurring between be and the liquid, 0, the only vowel in the word, being final. 183. The s-circle is prefixed to double consonants of the 1-hook series by being written within the hook, as in settle and sickle. 181. The adjective ending ful is usually expressed by the double consonant /eZ, as \\\ playful. 185. All hooked consonants should be -written with one stroke of the pen. This practice not only increases the speed of writing, but lessens the liability to form the hook too large or too cramped. 186. Write : Ankle, angle, assemble, assembly, available, battle, black, blame, blameless, blank, blush, chapel, circle, claim, class, clergy, climax, close, club, clumsy, clothe, declaim, diploma, ■double, emblem, employ, enclose, English, entitle, fable, faculty, festival, imply, implicit, globe, legal, illegal (el), inflame, level, local, mingle, admirable, novelty, noble, oblige, obstacle, parable, place, pledge, poetical, radical, reflect, stable, staple, table, technical, tenable, total, dimple, unable, social, syllable, delicacj'. THE L-IIOOK. 57 ancle, variable, vital, vocal, ability, Florida, display, disclaim, disclose, exclaim, invisible, possible, visible, academical, acclim- atize, amiable, amicable, bashful, Bible, blemish, bliss, block, blossom, cattle, chemical, classify, closet, coeval, collegiate, couple, culpable, declivity, despicable, devil, displace, dissemble. Episcopal, fallible, fatal, flesh, fling, flour, fluency, foretell (ar), gable, glimpse, gloom, horrible, invariable, inviolable, jingle, joyful, label, miserable, naval, nimble, pistol, placid, plague, plank, plastic, plausible, pliable, pliant, plum, plump, plus, ply, rival, shelf, shingle, smuggle, stubble, subtile, survival, tackle, tangle, terrible, tickle, tumble, typical, village, vehicle, wrinkle, Clarence, Hannibal, Clara, Flora, Florence ; (using ar) clear, clerk, declare, implore, deplore, desirable, ramble, irresistible (sez) ; (vocalize) applause, bleak, clay, clue, fleece, glue, plume, ply, Abel, Michael, Mabel, blue; 1 pos. audible, awful, clock, clog, gloss, clause, climb, calling, evil, feeble, initial, liable, likely, ofiicial, please, reply, title, idle; 3 pos. allowable, anatomical, clash, claspj pupil, suitable, affable. 187= P WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. 1 Pos. till, 2 tell, it-will, 3 until, at-all. 1 comply, 2 people, 3 apply. 1 belong, 2 able, 3 blew. 1 follow, awful, 2 full, 3 flew. A 1 each-will, 2 whlch-wlll, children, 3 much-will. I call, equal, 2 difficult-y, 3 clew. 58 REPORTING STYLE OF SHOUT-IIAND. develop-ment glory, u«oglorious bumble recollect respect-able quality respectability collect influential. 138 EXERCISE 12. 1. Philosophy will clip-an angel's wings. 2. It-will never-do at- all for-you to-emphasize the-wrong syllable in-class. 3. Official people say they-will in-time become-respectable ancl-influential, whicli-will-be a-glorious-thing, if each-will at-the same-time be humble, i. You-should use Ihis-system as-soon-as j^ou-are-able; much-will-be-the-time-that it-will-save-you, because-it-is-as speedy as-any, besides being-fai' easier. (Im 45s). 189. THE-ASP AND-THE EAGLE. — .ESOP. 1. This-fable tells of-a snake declaring war on-an-eagle, aud- how they-engage in-fearful battle. 2. They-display no delicacy, nevertheless they-never-make-the air vocal with-the-clash of-arms or-the thump of-clumsy clubs. 3. The-snake has-the-advantage, and-will-likely kill-the-poor eagle. 4. But-a rustic sees them, and-hurrying, he-comes-up and-looses the-coil of-the-snake, aud- allows the-eagle to fly away. 5. The-escape of-the eagle inflames the-snake, so-tha*:-he allows his poison to fly into-the water bottle of-the rustic. 6. The-rustic, knowing-nothing of-the- possible evil, applies the-bottle to-his lips. 7. But-the eagle, flying back, delivers him, by-giving his right-arm a-blow with-his wing, and-by seizing the-bottle with-his claws, and-carrying it- up into-the sky. (3m 30s). 190. They-will-contiaue to-come until-you tcll-him-that it- will most-likely-be unnecessary to-collect-the-class together. (9 times in 2m) . THE L-HOOK, 191. TRAXSLATE. ,l<../h:^.^...^{.>^.^^/.....S-:^^. ).frrf^^....-/Z ^..^^.C.^A^Cff...':^..^:3^...fe.... 59 LESSON XIII. THE R-HOOK SERIES OF DOUBLE CONSONANTS- SEC. I. Per ber ter der cher jer ker ger '"^ x..!^ 1......1 Z...Z. .::^....Jir^.:...z3..^cr>....(i.v.lvrr...u:% A7..1...°A^....^i-.,..l.v^lr..l>, THE R-HOOK. €3 LESSON XIV. 201. THE R-HOOK SERIES— SEC. 2. Fer ver thr ther sher zhr mer y..6. tiger ,^_^-^ generous ' uumerous 7 V apprehend ■" i3^....t Christmaa. 202. Siuce a hook can be attached to but one side of a curved letter, and siuce the r and 1 hooks are written on opposite sides of consonant stems, the natural positions of certain curves are reversed in order to render these hooks distinguishable. These curves are ef, ve, ith, and the, which, when the r-hook is prefixed, are written fer, ver, thr, and ther, as shown in the engraving, and appear like ar, way, es, and zo, with an initial hook. But these characters, it will be observed, are obtained by reversing fel, vel, thl, and thel, which is done in order that the hook may be brought to the left side. This practice gives rise to no ambiguity, siuce, as has been stated, the r-hook is not attached to ar, way, es, and ze. 203. To express the added ar, em and en are modified by both pre- fixing the hook, and thickeuing the stem, thus if— ^^ler, and c^^ner. No ambiguity results from this shading of the consonants em and en, since no hook is attached to either emp or ing. 204. In some outlines, where it caunot be convenientlj' joined, the hook is omitted, the shaded em simply being used iu lieu of mer, as in farmer. 205. "Write: Rumor, tremor. Homer, energy, dinner, banner, exlionorate, lunar, over, farmer, generous, numerous, tanner, merge, offer, philosopher, phrase, camphor, Christopher, Francis, Frank, average, Denver, favor, oversight, Friday, silver, traverse. 64 EEPORTIXG STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. leisure, measure, pressure, treasure, censure, exposure, macliiuery, aniversary, diverge, diverse, livery, manoeuver, Lutlier, Lutlieraii, disliouor, perverse, tliresli, tlirong, verb, verge, verse, Oliver, Yir- r^inia, wager, Artliur, Bertram, Oscar, Frank, Roger, Victor, treacli- erous, favorite, proverb, tributary, gather, slieriff, umbrella, re- press, slipper, spider, sugar (shay), tiger, tragedy, tragic, traitor, probate, problem, profess, professor, prolong, propriety, recur, prairie, preface, premier, premise, premium, primary, prior. Vocalize, throw; 1 pos. autliorize, authority, crisis (sez), decree, former, fever, free, preside, prime, minor, oppress, oppressive, precise (sez), price, Christmas; 3 pos. abstruse, address, adverse, affirm, apprehend, apprehensive, presume, scatter, assure, grew, troop. 206. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. .?:::N^^^.. J..ki..«.fe.fc,.^..5...i^„_..l..k,. ,>,..o:^...l.:X^.-.,.:r:!:^....,4i..l:^>. THE REL-HOOK, ASPIliATE TICK A^D DOT. 69 LESSON XVI. THE REL-HOOK, AND THE ASPIRATE TICK AND DOT. 223. Mel nel rel ler hw hi hr hm hn hng Daniel hail whisper harm ^ hem i-'-s Henry '^"^ 224. The liquid I occurs so frequently in connection with raj', em, and en, as in choral, camel, and tunnel, that it has been found expedient to denote the double sounds rl, ml, and nl, by attaching a large initial hook to the stems ray, em, and en, the double letters thus obtained being named mel, nel, and rel. 225. A large initial hook attached to lay signifies that ar is to be added, the character ler being equivalent to lay-ar, as in color. 226. Write: Animal, tunnel, signal, penal, color, diagonal, finally, family, nominal, original, Colorado, relish, paternal, relic, globular, criminal, colonel, scholar, necessarily, centennial, abdominal, analyze, arsenal (ar), autumnal, barrel, canal, chron- ology* giillery, jocular, millennial, millennium, polar, sentinel, spinal, relate, temporal (emp), tribunal, venal, Daniel. 1 pas. collar, rely, release, reliance. 3 pos. plural, analogy. THE ASPIRATE TICK. 227. A short initial tick, derived from hay, signifying the aspirate h, and so written as to form an acute angle with the 70 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. consonant to which it is joined, is prefixed to waj', el, ar, en, em, iug, kay and gay, as in hale, or iohis2)er. 228. Write: Hang, harp, harm, holiday, whisper, whiskey, hell, hem, homicide, wheel, Avhip, whistle, hair; 1 pos. horse. Vocalize, hare, heal, whale, hum, hale, hall, hire, hollow. THE ASPIRATE DOT. 229. Hay, when medial, sometimes fails to make a good angle by its junction with other letters; as, for instance, when it occurs before em. In such cases the aspirate is signified by a small dot written just before the vowel, as in Abraham, mayhem. Using the dot: Abraham, Heury, mayhem. Omitting the dot: hither, likelihood, alcohol, adhere. 230. WORD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. railroad railway-car behalf relinquish only Christ Lord Jesus Christ. 231. EXERCISE 16. 1. A-thing-of beauty is-a joy forever. 2. Custom is-the-law of fools. 3. Faith is-necessary to victory. 4. Fear has-many eyes. 5. Gaiety is-the soul's health; sadness is-its poison. G. Her ample page rich with-the spoils of-time. 7. For hope is but-the dream of-those-that wake. 8. Unto-the -pure all things are pure. 9. Innocence is always unsuspicious. 10. Kings ought-to-be kings in-all things. 11. Knowledge is power. 12. Laugh if-you-are wise. 13. And-he that-lives to-live -forever never fears dying. 14. To-live-long, it-is-necessary to-live slowly. 15. Study to-be quiet. (2m 30s). 232. While-the railway-car is ti'aveling-to Denver, he-thinks- it-possible for-the colonel to-ride there on horse-back. (15 times in 3m). 233. THE W-HOOK. TKAXSLATE, 71 J^.^..C..l^l.'k:d..A..y::::..Crrr..^l.. ..:r^^...iiA^r.ly..L^..cd..::::'..:%^^..^.. c «^ ,ri. ,^ LESSON XVII. m THE W-HOOK. Wei Tver wem quail quorum swim wen sail •^ — *^ — . sail swear Wednesday wilderjess. 235. A small initial hook, representing the consonant ?';, is at- ^tched to lay, ray, em, and en, the characters thus formed being warned wel, wer, Avem, and wen. 236. The w-hook is derived from the coalescent semi -circle ^ weh, Avhich, when prefixed to these consonants, is so adapted as to form a hook. The w-hook differs essentially from the r, 1, and rel hook series. The Av-hook itself, after the analogy of the s-cir- cle, denotes the consonant way; e. g., in sail and loail, both the circle and hook are read before lay. Whereas, in the other series above named, the hook itself does not represent I or /•, but is sim- 72 KEPOKTLXG STYLK OF SHOKT-HAXD. ply a moditicatiou of the cousouaut stem to denote that one or the other of these liquids is to be added; e. g., the character ^-1— «o'e is not read rake, as it would be did the hook itself, which is formed first, denote r. The w-hook is itself the sign for w, while in the double consonant (the 1, r, and rel hook) series, each hooked letter is an indivisible character representing pZ, pr, ler, etc. 237. Write: Quill, quire, quorum, swim, ware, wealth, Wednesday, welfare, wilderness, Avolf, worm, Edwin, Walter, Wil- liam, work, worth, worthy, well, willing, window, one, wear, warm, swear, acquire, beware. Vocalize, choir, weary, quail, wall, wine, wool. 238. ^ c^ When, win one, won worshi p we-may-be as-well-as may-as-weU,most ly WORD AXD PHRASE SIGXS. 1 Pos. we-are, 2 where, 3 aware. 1 while, we-will, 2 well, 3 awhile. 1 with-me, 2 we-may, with-him, 3 with-whom. nywhere, inquirc-y, 2 nowaere, 3 unaware. '^T^..'^.^ welcome whensoever ■ commonwealth with-reference-to with-respect-to for-the-sake-of. EXERCISE i; 239. 1. Necessity does everything well. 2. We-are near waking wheu-we dream that-we dream. 3. Whcn-j'ou-give, give with- joyand-smiling. 4. Hope is-a-willing slave. 6. They laugh that- win. 6. Law should-be-like death, which spares no-one. 7. Love may hope, where reason would-despair. 8. The-scholarlj' colonel gives-US reliable news with-reference-to-the Colorado railroads. 9. The-prize the-teacher offers for-a really correct exercise is-a family horse of bay color, and-every pupil should trj' to win-it if- THE w-iiooK. 73 possible. 10. There-is-no harm ia-haviag-a holiday once-in-a while, but it-would-be well if-the scholar should-take-them only rarely. (2 m 30 s). THE HARE AXD-THE TORTOISE. — .ESOP. 240. 1. The hare one -day laughs at-the stubby legs and-slow pace of-the tortoise. 2. Thc-kitter, laughing, said, "Though-j^ou travellike-a railway-car I-will-win in-a-race with-you." 3. The hare, deeming what-slie affirms to-be-simply-impossible, agrees to- the proposal. 4. They-also agree that-the fox shall choose the- race-track, and-flx the-goal. 6. On Wednesday, the-day which- the fox selects for-the-race, they-set out together. 6. The-tor- toise never pauses at-all, but-travels on-with-a slow and-uniform pace until she finally reaches the-tree. 7. The hare, relying ou-his original quickness, has-no-anxiety as-to-the outcome of-the -race, but leisurely eats his dinner by-the wayside and -falls asleep. 8. Finally, waking up, and-moving quickly as-possible, he -sees the-tortoise already at-the goal, and-quietly dozing there. (3 m). 241. Beware of-:-;ittiug by-the railway-car window while-we- are crossing over-the dangerous bridge. (12 times in 2 m). 242. TRANSLATE. .tn '..^...'^...o..>'...^...^.^...^... 74 REPORTING STYLE Ot SIIOKT-IIAND. LESSON XVIII. THE F-HOOK. 24"?. Pef bef tef def chef Jpf kef gef \..S....L±...A.^...r:r^.:re...f€.^... Cough cave hoofs knave griet'-ve dwarf X A^ strives rove heave -X . prophesy Vs—ty havoc provjneiai. 244. A final hook, signifying ef or ve, is written on tlie s-circle side of all straight letters; e. g.the character A-e/ signifies kay-ef, as in cough, and kay-ve, as in cave. A following s-circle is written within the hook, as in hoofs or strives. 245. Using the f-hook and vowels: Cuff, cough, beer, cave, Jove, devout, crave, hive. Without vowels: Bereave, beverage, cuff, bluff, cavalry, cavil, deaf, dwarf, gave, glove, gruff, incentive, lithograph, octave, primitive, prophesy, havoc, province, provincial, puff, river, roof, rough, relief (rel), scoff, sensitive, staff, strife, strive, tough, David, Stephen; 1 pos. drive, grieve, grief. 246. Bern. The fact that either one of any two cognate sounds may be represented by the same sign without daugtr of ambiguity, has been fully shown in the case of the s and z circle. The same principle applies in the case of the f-hook, which is used for either of the two sounds, / and v, without ambiguity, as in the sentence, "They may well c — ^, considering their cause ofc — ^" The student will observe that the f-hook, which is always written on the s-circle side of consonants, appears ou the left side of hay and ray, as in rove and heave. As this hook is attached to straight letters only, the alphabetic V_ ef and V^ ve must be used whenever a curve THE F-HOOK. immediately precedes them. E. g. knave is uritten "«'itli tlie full- length eu-ve, since the hook caunot be used for ve after the curve en. 247. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. L / 1 Po3. ought-to-have, it-ought-to-have, 2 whatever, 3 out-of,it-would-have. 1 which-ought-to-have, 2 whichever, which-have, 3 which-would-have. 1 sucii-ought-to-have, 2 such-have, 3 such-would-have. 1 perfect, 2 proof, prove, 3 approve. 1 each-will-have, 2 which-will-have, 3 much-will-have. Careful-ly belief-ve differ-eut-ce everlasting-life just-had must-give laws-of-life laws-of-health must-have must-do must-be must-come try-to-have ever-and-ever for-ever-and-ever poverty derive twelve, it-will-have set-off, 2 set-forth which-are-to-hv, 3 wch- were-to-have. such-are-to-hv., 3 such- were-to-hv. govern -ed-ment said-to-have whoever, who-have. EXERCISE 18. 248 THE WIDOW AND-TUE SHEEP. — ^SOP. 1. A-poor widow had-one solitary sheep. 2. At shearing-time, wishing-to-take its fleece and-to avoid pa}'ing out-a-vcry large sum of-money, she-took-it with her shears so uuskillfully, that- with-the fleece she-took-the flesh. 3. The-sheep, writhing becausc- of-the injury, said, "Why do-you do me so-much harm? 4. What- weight does-my-life add to-the wool? 5. If-you-wish my flesh, 76 REPORTtXG STYLE OF SHORT-HAXD. there-is-the butcher who- will kill me in-a trice. (^. But if-jou- wish to-take my fleece only, there-is-the shearer, who-will shear me and-do no harm." 7. Much loss may-be-caused by-making too-small au-outlay. (2ra). 249. You-should obey the -laws-of -health if-you-would-have relief now; and-be governed by wise proverbs, if-you-would-have everlasting-life. (8 times in 2m) . 250. TRANSLATE. A f }..^..^....(;....W:>^.«..A..j..D.:::XJ...S:r.. .1 >...,!^.-..^..4 -i^-. ■?/ v:>,//.-.,...... iR.A..... THE N-HOOK. 77 LESSON XIX. 251. Pen THE N-HOOK. ten den chon jen ken gen hen \..X...Ll...'-f...^.. Tone roan twine abstinence economy brain chagrin cistern strain .d-^Jl ■t' .:i^. nc/ ,/^^ Eu-ene ' adjourn /") Q sustain ,1 \/\/^7 barbariai U...\r..\:..,.'rrP... stricken tangible Unitarian ■1 sanguine. 252. Another final hook, signifying n, is annexed to both straight and curved letters. Wlieu joined to straight stems, it is written on the side opposite the f-hook, as in tone or roan. 253. Vocalize: Cane, chain, dawn, dine, pain, rainbow, stain, tone, canopy, acorn, bane, bean, bone, dean, deign, drone, pan, pin, pine, twine, reign, Eugene, Jane, Jean; 1 pos. keen, coin, queen. Without vowels : Again, been, can, run, stone, ten, gain, abandon, abstain, abstinence, chaplain, adjourn, branch, bunch, burn, corn, cotton, deacon, denounce, detain, libertine, discipline, disdain, economy, kitchen, Latin, mechanic, mourn, obtain, train, candy, ordain, organ (ar), origin, pagan, reckon, retain, scorn, southern, drench, planet, Spanish, sudden, sustain, taken, turn, obstinate, torn, vacancy, beacon, jiropound, denote, wagon, Michigan, Oregon (ar), banish, barbarian, barn, beckon, bench, blown, born, bounty, canton, canvass, stricken, captain, cavern, chagrin, chicken, chin, cistern, county, cunning, dainty, den, din, disjoin, expunge, for- eign, gentile, glen, groan, grown, hinge, hurricane, laconic, maiden, marine, mitten, panic, pen, pinch, plunge, retrench, ribbon, san- 78 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND guine, skin, span, sponge, strain, surgeon, tangible, tenacious, tinge, ton, treucli, Unitarian, virgin, waken, weapon, ■wrench, Austin, Conrad, Dan, John, Blanch; 1 pos. spine, tin, join, enjoin, chronic; 3 pos. attune, attain, brown, June, town, spoon. 254. Upon happen, punish-ecl- rueat spoken denominate-tion dune down, providential doctrine darken eternal benevolent-ence Western North-western Washington beneficial larger-than WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. determine niatrnificent-ence question European such-a-one , at-length rather-than agaiu-and-again over-and-o ver-again EXERCISE 19. 256. 1. Pain maj'^-be-said to-follow pleasure as-its shadow. 2. Peace is rarely denied to-the peaceful. 3. Pity is akin to-love. 4. Pity is love when-grown into excess. 5. Pi'ayer is-to religion what thinking is-to philosophy. 6. To-pray is-to-make religion. 7. Ple-that-has-uo cross deserves no-crown. 8. The-Bible is-a- window in-this prison of hope, through wliich-we look iuto-eter- nity. (Im30s). 256. It-has-been spoken again-and-again by-the chaplain that- the-doctrine of-the Christian-religion is-that-life is eternal, rather- than-a-brief span only. (7 times in 2 m) . THK X-HOOK. 257. TRAXSLATE. ...H^.c.f..,^.^, >^ .c^.[.>,.A.>,..z::rr:....i. iT.oZ' .A..^...'^..,..^.'OZZ.l^....c>J....rr^..... 70 LESSON XX. THE N-HOOK— CONTINUED. 258. Fen ven thn then esn zen shen zhen Ian arn men nen wayn yen Thence means iron dense chance learn financial ransom Kansas "^ ^ 1^..^.. 3^...r?. ^3^.l.75..3S.c^.. remuneration veneration portion transgression translation assertion exceptional exhibition relations. THE SHUX-IIOOK. 83 273. A large final hook, corresponding in size with the rel-hook, is used to denote tlie frequent endings tiun, cion, sion, etc. This hook is written within curves, as in ambition, and on the s-circle side of straight letters, as in occasion. Like the hook for / and v, this also, as shown by the examples just given, represents two cognate sounds, viz. shn and zhn. 274. Vocalize: Emotion; 1 pos. auction. Without vowels: Action, attention, abbreviation, animation, dissipation, declamation, definition, depression, dissension, designation, desolation, devotion, discussion, elevation, emigration, evasion, expedition, foundation, impression, indignation, intimation, rational, irrational (ar), limi- tation, motion, locomotion, nation, notation, occupation, omission, oration (ar), presumption, i^robation, prosecution, profession, pro- vision, repetition, revision, selection, session, submission, associa- tion, acclamation, aggregation, ammunition, crucifixion, promo- tion, dictation, dimension, amputation (emp), ascension, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, celebration, coalition, decapitation, de- lusion, digression, discrimination, division, elongation, emulation, erection, erudition, evolution, exclamation, exertion, exhortation, expectation, exportation, extermination, exultation, inflammation, invasion, involution, isolation, lamentation, location, negotiation, nutrition, observation, option, penetration, pension, perpetration, persecution, petition, population, preservation, prevention, pro- fusion, progression, prolongation, recrimination, remuneration, resolution, restoration, restriction, resurrection, salutation, sepa- ration, solution, subscription, supervision, termination, transgres- sion, translation, veneration, violation, volition; 1 pos. creation, edition, mission, missionary, occasion, vision, caution, option, alleviation; 3 pos. addition, approbation, dissolution, passion, rep- utation, allusion. 275. When the straight letter to which this hook is attached is preceded by a hook, circle, or other consonant sign, on the s-circle side, it will be found more convenient to strike the shuu-hook on the side opposite, as in education, or section. 276. Write: Election, exception, execution, education, exclu- sion, exhibition, fraction, induction, intoxication, invocation, obli- gation, plantation, restitution, portion, proportion, distribution, assertion, vegetation, reception, reflection, relation, section, station, 84 liErOKTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. adoration, suspicion, recollection, abduction, adjudication, adop- tion, affection, benediction, benefaction, classification, dejection, distraction, edification, expiration, exploration, explosion, faction, friction, infection, fiction, projection, seclusion, specification, sub- stitution, vacation, variation, visitation; 1 pos. diction, dictionary; 3 pos. agitation, application, attraction, elocution (el) , suppression, avocation. 277. Confession dissatisfaction destruction examination cross-examination determination inclination injunction institution representation sanction temptation perfection operation oppression WORD-SIGNS. invention reduction reformation information signification connection revelation revolution suspension. EXERCISE 21. 278. 1. The -two offices of -memory are collection and-distribu- tion. 2. "VVliatever is popular deserves attention. 3. I-know no- manner of-speaking so offensive as-tliat of-giving praise and- closing it with-an-exception. 4. The -only-things in-which-we can-be-said to-have-any property are our-actions. 5. Strong rea- sons make strong-actions. G. We ask advice, but we-mean appro- bation. 7. Affectation discovers sooner what one is than-it-makes- known what one would fain appear to-be. 8. No decking sets- forth anything so-much-as affection. 9. We-are-never like angels till-our passion dies. 10. Charity is-a-wish for-a-pei'fect educa- tion. 11. All-is holy where devotion kneels. 12. Education is- the-chief defense of nations. 13. Love is-the piety of-the affec- tions. 14. Take away ambition and- vanity, aud-where-will-be your heroes and-patriots? (2 m 30 s). TUE S-SUUN AND INITIAL N HOOKS. 85 279. The-lawyer raises objections to-the cross-examiuation for-the-reasoii-tliat-the witness, in-making his explanation of-the invention, gives-information as-to-his-own profession, whicli-has- no-relation to-his examination-iu-chief . (3 times in 1 m) . 280. TRANSLATE. .^nfe. . . .'-:^ . ^ . . . .'^. . .<.Tj . . \^rn>Tr>,^rr. . . .<^. >. „4...p„.V^....^...(y:Tr....^^^.....S...l^..,.7^.... LESSON XXII. 281. THE S-SHUN AND INITIAL N HOOKS. Civilization transitions dispensation enslave inscribe inseparable economical woman, 1 pos. women trance transmission qualification furniture cessation imposition demonstration ■•^■^'-f 282. The syllables denoted by the shun-hook, -when they occur after an s-circle, are expressed by continuing the stroke until a small hook is formed on the side opposite, as in civilization. The plural is formed by ■vyriting a circle within the hook, as in transitio7is. 86 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND 283. Write: Deposition, dispositions, accession, physician, position, positions, propositions, sensation, supposition, civiliza- tion, imposition, cessation, exposition, procession, requisition, succession, vexation, dispensation; 1 pos. decision, opposition, precision, acquisition; 3 pos. accusation, transition, possession, possessions. THE INITIAL N-HOOK. 284. The prefixes in, en, and un, vrhen followed by a circle and curve with wliichtlie alphabetic ^_, en would not form a convenient juncture, are denoted by a similar hook, as in enslave. This is also used in connection with the triple consonant series, as in inscribe, or inseparable. 285. Using the proper initial and final hooks: Curtain, drain, drove, engrave, explain, grain, graphic, grave, matron, patron, plain, plenty, pronounce, prudence, utterance, restrain, train, venerable, worn, decline, economical, tribune, incline, woman, criterion, demonstration, fui*niture, paragraph, prefer, reference, transgress, transmission; 1 pos. qualification, women, clean, cleave, clime, green; 3 pos. transcribe, crown, drown, plan, traffic, administration. 286. PHRASE SIGNS. In-some in-as-many .■:3^. In-his-expression O). ^ c3v in-his-experience v) o .1 &^ ■J in-consideration in-his-description in-his-usual in-seeming. EXERCISE 22. 287. THE-BEAR AND-THE TWO TRAVELERS. — ^SOP. 1. Two-men were traveling together when-they suddenly came upon-a bear. 2. One-of-them quickly hid in-the-branclies of-a- tree; the other, seeing-that-he-would-be-taken, fell down, and- when-the-bear came up to-him, sought to feign-the appearance of-deuth as-much-as-possible. 3. The-bear soon-took his leave, for, it-is-said, he-will-only eat game that-has-ljeen slain. 4. When-. THE S-SHUX AND INITIAL N nOOKS. 87 he-was-gone, tlie-other traveler carae-down from-the tree, and jocularly said, "What-was-it that-the-bear spoke in-j-our ear?" 5. The -answer was, "He-gave-me this-advice : Never-travel with- one who-will-leave-you at-the approach of-danger." 6. Ill luck tries one's sincerity. (2 m). 288. The-physician in-his deposition says, that in-his-experience he-has-had-occasion many-times to-prescribe to-men-aud-women of all nationalities. (4 times in 1 m) . 289. TRANSLATE. 88 REPORTIXG STYLE OF SIIOKT-IIAXD. LESSON XXIII. 290. THE ST AND STR LOOPS. List stump disposed boaster stranger illustration stubborn statistics digestion ^3^ ../..r^.^L... ..S^t\}1^.Xy gestation against justify gesture manifest stage honestly 8i)inster abstractlc.,^. THE ST-LOOP. 291. S is very often followed by t, forming the consonant double-sound st, of so frequent occurrence in our language, and which is expressed by an elongation of the s-circle, as in list, or stump. Zd, also, is sometimes denoted by this loop, as in disjwsed. 292. Like the s-circle, it may be followed by the s-shun hook, as in gestation; and implies n by being located on the n-hook side of straight letters, as in agaiiifit. 293. Vocalize: Beast, boast, coast, feast, ghost, host, post, toast, taste, steal, waste, steel, twist; 1 pos. moist, steam, steep, accost. Without vowels: Placed, cast, chest, dust, fast, guest, haste, just, justify, list, against, arrest (ai'), breakfast, detest, dis- gust, dishonest, distrust, earnest, enlist (el), gesture, harvest, in- disposed, infest, intrust, invest, investigation, manifest, molest, must, most, pretext, stage, star (ar), state, statistics, stead, stole, stop, stomach, store, test, testify, text, trust, iJtmost, vast, west, stump, manifestation, almost, destiny, abreast, adjust, bequest, best, blest, breast, bust, crest, dentist, digest, digestion, fantastic, fist, forest, frost, gTist, incrust, inquest, jest, nest, protest, request, robust, rust, statesman, statute, stem, stern, stiff, sting, stitch, storm (ar), stubborn, stuff, stumble, vest, worst, wrist; 1 pos. August, cost, priest, least, still, stock, st\-le, honest, honestly; 3 pos. last, past, stamp, attest. 89 THE STR-LOOP. 294. The st-loop, when -written considerably broader, denotes the added r, as Ln boaster, or stranger. 295. Write: Cluster, lustre, master, illustration, monster, plaster, Sylvester, minister, spinster, register, obstruction, bluster, stran!:^e, stranger; 3 pos. admiuistei', abstraction. 296. Hem. The st-loop should be made so slender as to appear like an elongated s-circle. It will then be readily distinguishable from the str-loop, which is written somewhat longer and consider- ably broader. The large loop, however, should not be rounded too much, or it will be liable to be confounded with the sez-circle. 297. WORD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. To secure facile outlines, the circle only, instead of the loop, is often used when phrasing, as in rinist-be (eras-be) . First Constitution-of-the-U. S. at-flrst by-the-first one-or-two we-must North-west P ,r-, c ^^ one-of-the-best l/^SJ ^■'\\C.^^'^ one-of-tUe-most I extraordinary ^"^ \ mystery \-- Baptist circumstances- f_p C.x( e. (2 m 30 s) . 299. 1. To step aside is humau. 2. Music washes away from- the soul the-dust of-every day life. 3. Obstinacy is ever most- positive when-it-is-most iii-the-wrong. 4. They-who forgive most shall-be-most forgiven. 5. Passion costs me too-much to bestow it upon every trifle. 6. To-climb steep hills requires slow pace at-flrst. 7. Every noble-work is-at-first impossible. 8. Time is generally the-best doctor. 9. In-poetry, wluch-is all-fable, truth is still the-perfection. 10. Poetry is truth dwelling in- beauty. 11. Ye stars, that are-the poetry of -heaven! 12. Praise is-only praise Avhen-well addressed. 13. Solid pudding against empty praise. 14. Live-this-day as-if-the-last. 15. Who-makes- the fairest show means-the-most deceit. IG. Small service, is true service while it-lasts. (2 m). 300. One-of-the-best and-most earnest of-the ministers in-the- North-west has-just-been advanced to-a higher post. (5 times in 1 m) . 301. TRANSLATE. .x.(!^.i::9 .^..;../^..L...r::?....pJ..<:^.^..<;?..^..'2...'::^..„ .z^^yAl.:^.^..! (i?...L(j..::..C...^...-rC....^/l.>^ THE Li:XGTHKXEl) CLKVE. 91 LESSON XXIV. THE LENGTHENED CURVE. 302. Father letter order entrance f urtlicrmore material legislator. 303. A curve written double its usual length signifies tlie addition of thr, as in father; sometimes, also, of tr or dr, as in letter, or order. 304. Tlie tendeuey of the writer should be to make this more, rather than less, than double the standard length curve, in order that there may be no danger of confounding the two. 305. Write: Alexander, another, center, central, slender, diameter, eccentric, enter, entrance, father, further, furthermore, hinder, hindrance, material, maternal (nel), literal, mother, matter, order, render, calendar, senator, surrender, tender, thunder, thermometer, whether, Avander, wonder, yonder; 1 pos. entire, entirely (el), immaterial, neither; 3 pos. neutral (el). 306. By lengthening ing and emp, the added r, ^r, or gr is sianified, as in lumber, anger, anchor. 307. Write: Anger, angry, amber, anclior, chamber, cumber, encumber, finger, hunger, linger, limber, murder, reporter (ar), slumber, temper. EXERCISE 24. 308. THE-THIEP AXD-IIIS MOTHER. — ^SOP. 1. A-boy steals a-lesson-book from-one of-his play-fellOAVs and-takes-it home to-his-mother. 2. She-neglects to punish, and- 02 REPORTI^'G STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. even encourages him. 3. He-next-time steals a-cloak and- brings-it to-her, when-she praises him still the-more. 4. The- youth soon-becoraes-a-man, and-proceeds to steal things-of higher value. 5. He-is-taken Avhile riding away on-a stolen horse, and- with shackles on, is-taken-away to-the place of public-execu- tion. G. His mother follows Avith-the-rest, aud-strikes her-breast in sorrow; whereupon the-young-man says, 7. "I-wish-to say- something-to my-motlier in-her ear." 8. She comes near him, when-he-quicklj' seizes her ear with-his-teeth and-takes-it off. 9. His mother cries with-pain, but-the-son replies, "Ah mother, If-you-had-only beaten me wheu-I first stole that-lesson-book, I should-never-have come-to-this, nor Avould-the law oblige me now to ignominiously suffer the -punishment of-death." (2m 30s) . 309. 1. Manners are stronger-than laws. 2. Order is heaven's first law. 3. He-that-will-be angi-y for-anything will-be angry for-uotliing. 4. A-babe is-a-mothcr's anchor. 5. Whether your time calls you to-live or die, do both like-a prince. G. He-con- quers grief Avho-can-take-a firm-resolutiou. 7. It-matters- nothing how-a-man dies, but-how he-lives. 8. Love is, I-believe, an-entirely personal poem. 9. In-love anger is always false. (Im). 310. The-Judge calls-another reporter into-the chamber to- further the-taking of-testimony in-the-case of-the murder on-tlie Central-Railway. (4 times in 1 m). 311. TRANSLATE. THE HALVING nUXCIPLE. 93 LESSON XXV. THE HALVING PRINCIPLE. 312. Bit bed cut quote bolt slate exert start merit captive circuit educate strict transmit reciprocate uncertain suspect adjacent debtor inhabit precept discredit preeminent prerogative. 313. Oue of the most useful contrivances in the entire system, called the Halving Principle, is tliat by which a letter, when writ- ten half-length, indicates the addition of t or d. Thus, \^ be, ■when written half its usual length, is read be-te, as in bit, or be-de, as in bed ; — kay, when halved, has the force of kay-te, as in cut, or kay-de, as in code. Te and de are the most frequently recurring consonants, and being cognates, no ambiguity results from the ex- pression of both by one principle. Ray is halved only when com- bined with other consonants, as in exert, and Avritten full length in such words as rate, and right. 314. In the following list, t is thus iudicated : vocalize, boat, bout, coat, cut, gate, quote, cat, bolt, slate, mate, twilight, vault, violet, dolt, giant, nut, saint, gait, dote; 1 pos.clieat. Without vowels : Date, get, bet, debt, hate, art, late, net, let, met, fate, note, vote, sent, lift, left, sect, accent, enact, exact, exert, tact, adopt, better, insect, accept, acceptable, apostate, insert, suspect, little, lesult, smart, start, limit, merit, motive, docket, native, pocket- rabbit, recent, arithmetic, alphabet, instigate, assent, arti- 91 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. fice, agent, iutiraate, rej^eat, remote, cadet, capital, locomotive, mathematics, ratify, petrify, rectify, rusticate, support, uucertaiu reject, auditor (ar), remit (ar), imitate, report, annotate, magnetic, resolute, resort, adjacent, adjudicate, adjunct, agitate, cognate, cottage, dogmatic, recapitulate, export, extinct, inject, intact, peasant, submit, musket, theft, upstart, captive, certain, circuit, debate, decent, deject, designate, desolate, detect, educate, debtor (ar), eject, elect (el), except, execute, habit, habitual, eminent, emulate, erect, estate, inhabit, innocent, irritate, legislate, origi- nate, sentence, abject, Hamlet. (L-hook) implicate, pleasant, veg- etable, duplicate, fluent; 1 pos. client, climate. (R-hook) intricate, precept, present, private, product, promote, prospect, protract, strict, subtract, tract, transmit, translate, attribute, bi'acelet, pre- cinct, project, reciprocate, restrict, thrift, tribute, decrepit, affirm- ative, aggravate, appreciate, October, credit, deprecate, detract, discredit, extract, transci'ipt, preeminent, prerogative, approxi- mate. 315. Caution. Care should be taken that shortened letters are written no more than half their usual length, else the two will be- come confounded. The tendency should be to make them some- what less than half the standard lemrth. 316. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. Without Almighty empiiatic nature natural-) y posterity afternoon associate heart intelligence intelligible interchange V^ ra. ^..1..:).. ..^., »^ ,),. >i.. (i_ ^v^ ^ heretofore hesitate manuscript after, for-it yesterday intellect-ual postscript sometime better- than Washington Ter. in-the-second-place somewhat. THE HALVING PRINCIPLE. 95 EXERCISE 25. 3??. 1. Always rise from table with-an appetite, and-you -will- never sit down without-one. 2. Wheu-we-feel a-stroug desire to- thrust our advice upon others, it-is-usually because we suspect their weakness; but-we ought rather to suspect our-own. 3. To- be happy, we-must-be-true to nature, and-carry our age along- with us. 4. Beauty is-a-possessiou not our-own. 5. The-beauti- ful are-never desolate, but-some-one always loves-them. 6. It-is- better for-a youug-man-to blush than to-turn pale. 7. Every Christian is born great because he-is-born for-heaven. 8. That- which-is-so universal as death must-be-a benefit. 9. We-speak of educating our children. Do-we-know that-our children also edu- cate us? 10. Fortune is-the rod of-the-weak aud-the staff of-the brave. 11. Let them obey who know how to-rule. 12. The- chains of habit are generally' too-small to-be felt till they-are-too- strong to-be-broken. 13. Keep thy heart with-all diligence, for- out-of-it are-the issues of-life. (2 m 30 s). 318. We-will-certaiuly be-able very-soon to-make verbatim- reports of-the-emineut speakers in-the debate by-meaus-of-the stenographic art. (4 times in 1 m) . 319. TRANSLATE. ..f^.'^..e-:3...y..<^..^^..>'..:^...<::^..■!..(^^..C. -w..-.^-.:vi.,..i..a^...:^. ...w... V .■s...'-:r..>^..\.Z..C:...l.^. .>?. 96 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. LESSON XXVI. THE ADDED D. 320. Might niijihty obliged date edit stood void avoid evidence rhetoric susceptible judicial went awkward between estimate ultimate Connecticut perpetual apart abstract .h>(^: ..VCf^fe St opped comrade infidel quite betide swift fortune per-eent covert integrity ^ — r lA ^-7i integrity ( V'~;5^'^\ prominent ^ multiply y^.. Presbyterian /> antagonis'n r>.V. . . . rpf nrn 3, s^. ...^irx.™ Methodist eviLlent intentional didactic hint hermit. 321. Te or de, when follo'>vod by a final vowel, cannot be indicated by halving; e. g., might is expressed by the shortened em, while mighty, containing a final vowel, is written em-te. 322. Half-length consonants, when standing alone, are employed to denote words that contain but one vowel; e. g., halved de is xised for date, while in edit the alphabetic de-te must be ■written. Halved ve, first position, denotes void, hxxt in writing avoid, the full-length ve-de must be used. The application of this rule secures greater legibility, since the reader is expected to supply but one vowel wheal a shortened consonant stands alone. 323. In the following list, letters are shortened to express the added d: Bed, could, good, shade, stood, decided, comrade, inetliod, instead, evidence, educated, invade, infidel. 324. Words composed entirely of horizontal and shortened 7 THE ADDED D. 07 letters, are written in tlie first position wlien the accented vowel is first -place. 325. Write: (1 pos.) caught, clot, east, bottom, quite, esteem, flght, deed, got, heat, did, light, bid, enlighten, God, meet, invite might, night, shot, slight, taught, indeed, speed, void, fit, knot, lightning, lot, soft, sort, spot; vocalize, feat, beat, naught, fought, betide, feed, knight, neat, salt, sheet, slide, spite, steed, swift, tide. 326. In the following list both t and d are expressed by halving: Accelerate, elucidate, fortune, per-cent, percentage, rhetoric, rapid, notify, dispute, active, actual, admit, apart, catalogue, decayed, didactic, covert, cupidity, melt, hint, assault, assimilate, athlete, dissect, dissent, dissipate, expedite, extort, exult, fanatic, hereditary, hermit, isolate, metaphor, oriental (el), ostentations, perpetual, phonetic, I'efute, schedule (el), seldom, stupid; 1 pos. immature, despite, fault, appetite, exhort; 3 pos. act, adapt, addict, apt, doubt, foot, adequate, mutual, bad, adult, delude, adopt, absent, fat, mute. (Sez-circle), necessitate, systematic, exasperate, susceptible, predecessor. (L-hook), article, beautiful, delicate, doubtful, emblematic, hospitable, judicial, notable. (R-hook), Godfrey, crabbed, crescent, proximate, Margaret, district, lubri- cate, dramatic, enervate, integral, promote, integrity, prejudice; 1 pos. prominent; 3 pos. attract, attractive, transact. (Ro l-hook), paternal, promulgate, relent, multiply, federal, intolerable, multiplication. (W-hook), upward, acquaintance, went, warrant, quantity, wayward, reward, acquainted, Edward; 1 pos. wind, inward, awkward, wild, between, ward, wield; 3 pos. backward, outward. (F-hook), advocate, indefinite, defect, defective, photograph. (N-hook), pertinent, Presb3'terian, manipulate, beniflcent, patern, tenant, mandate, banquet, opponent, splendid, antagonism, benefit, return, candid, longitude; 1 pos. eastern. (Shun-hook), dedication, litigation, intention, intentional, estima- tion. (Loops), abstract, ol)struct, distinct, distribute, investigate, stimulate, stipulate. (Initial n-hook), instruct. 327. The halving principle is applied in forming the past tense of regular verbs, as obliged, stopped. 328. Write: Packed, stopped, stocked, invested, molested, trusted, manifested, transcribed, obliged, displayed, employed, adopted, dispatched, solicited, specified, searched, risked, kept. 98 KEroiiTi^G STYLE OF siiuirr-i;. 329. The principle is applied twice iu each of the following; words: Artist, captivate, capitulate, estimate, legitimate, illegiti- mate (el), mutilate, ultimate (el), fortunate, Connecticut, evident, protect, deduct, latitude, Methodist, rectitude, cataract; 1 pos. intent, mitigate; 3 pos. aptitude. 330. WORD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. (^ j 1 Pos. feature, If-it, 2 after, for-it, 3 future, fact. ) I 1 east, astonish-ed-ment, 2 establisli-ed-ment. j 1 it-ought, 3 at-it, it-would, it-laad, I ; 1 did, 2 do-it, 3 added, liad-it. History historian, eastern Act-of -Congress wisdom Word-of-God People-of-God at-all-events east-and-west onward fear-of-God good-and-bad in-the-world. 331. EXERCISE 2(J. 1. The-good is always beautiful, the-beautiful is good. 2. Good- ness is beauty in-its-best estate. 3. Men often make-up in wrath what they- want in reason. 4. Let-not the-sun go-down upon thy wrath. 5. All things are artificial, for nature is-the-ai't of-God 6. Biography is-the home aspect of history. 7. The-desire of knowledge, like thirst of-riches, increases ever with-the acquisi- tion of-it. 8. Life is like wine: he-who-would drink it pure must drain it to-the dregs. 9. Literature is-the-thought of-thinking souls. 10. Doing-good is-the-only certainly happy action of-a- man's life. 11. A-life that-is-worth living at-all is worth writing minutely. 12. The-universe would-not-be rich enough to buy the-vote of-an honest man. 13. Character is-a-perfectly educated S, 0, BAIIR LAWYER da;.:j^s, TEXAS THE ADDED D. ' 99 will. 14. It-were joy to die if-there-be gods, and-sad to-live if- there-be none. 15. It-is-better to-desire than-to enjoy; to-love thau-to-be-loved. 16. If-you-do what-you should-not, you-must- bear Avhat-you would-not. 17. If-there-was-no future-life our- souls would-not thirst for-it. 18. No-one can-be-said to-be until he-is dead. 19. I-like a-good hater, (3 m). 332. True wisdom is-to know what-is-best worth knowing, and-to-do what-is-best worth doing. (G times in 1 m) . 333. TRANSLATE. 100 KEPOKTIXG STYLE OF SUOKT-UAM). LESSON XXVII. 334. SHORTENED DOUBLE CONSONANTS. Glad brought spread gratitude degenerate overtake remonstrate discreet secret .^ t\y enameled ^J^ ^-^ cultivate predominate virtual seclude. 335. Letters of the double and triple consonant series, are also halved to signify the addition of t or d, as in glad, brought, spread^ enameled. In these examples, it will be observed that both sounds expressed by the double consonant are pronounced before the added t or d. 336. Using the 1-hook and vowels: Plate, blade, plat; 1 pos. fleet, flight, ble'ed, clod, deplete; (without vowels), exclude, inflate, blood, glad, flood, cultivate, cultivation, explode, include, preclude, replied, tumbled, coupled, displayed, tangled, entitled, employed, smuggled, doubled, assembled, rambled, pamphlet, multiform; 1 pos. plead, blot, glide, plot; 3 pos. cloud, seclude. (K-hook) vocalize, trait, brute, prayed, crowed, cried, migrate; 1 pos. creed, trite; (without vowels), destroyed, gathered, labored, prospered, papered, uttered, shirt, tempered, altered, betrayed, muttered, offered, silvered, measured, treasured, chartered, recurred, scat- tered, suffered, illustrated, clamored, flattered, traveled, troubled, fluttered, glittered, sheltered, scrupled, arbitrate, aristocrat, Brit- ish, culprit, gratitude, degenerate, fertile, frustrate, peneti-ate, perpetrate, pervert, shrewd, vibrate, virtual, virtuous, great, re- treat, regret, grade, grateful, celebrate, democrat, credible, degrade, defraud, hatred, effort, emigrate, third, trade, hypocrite, gi'atify, vertical, bread, overtake, predicate, cupl)oard, verdict, thread, dread, intrude, tread, sacred, spread, straight, secretary, demon- strate, Elbert, Frederick, Richard, Robert, Gertrude, Albert, Alfred; SHORTENED DOUBLE CONSONANTS. 101 (using ar), overture, orchard, remonstrate; 1 pes. discreet, entreat, fright, greet, treat, trot, predominate, prominent, bright, brought, fraught, freedom, pride, immigrate, street, secret; 3 pos. crowd, crude, fruit, proud, graduate, scrutiny. 337. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. rv 1 Pos. particular-ly, 2 opportunity, 3 part-y. 1 according-ly, creature, 2 cared, occurred, 3 cured. 1 till-it, 2 tell-it, 3 until-it. Partake majority minority at-any-rate British-America court-of-justlce virtue cliild calculate able-to-give-it spirit witli-regard-to at-all-its at-all-times Great-Britain ^-y<~ij ■h /^ e^ ^ u^ *^A G ^ Or:?^' -^ dr- ' J '>'>- treatment, appointment, predominant. SHORTENED IINAL-HOOK COXSONA^'TS. 105 345. WORD .VXD PHRASE SIGNS. 1 Pos. gentlemen, 2 gentleman, 3 imagined. 1 cannot, kind, 2 can-it, 3 account. 1 mind, 2 may-not, 3 movement, mount. c/ J J J' > 1 behind, be-not, 3 bound. 1 which-ought-not, 2 which-not, 3 which-would-not, whicb-had-not. 1 which-ought-to-have-had, 2 which-have-liad, 3 which-would-have-had. 1 it-ought-not, 2 it-not, 3 it-would-not, it-had-not. 1 did-not, 2 do-not, 3 had-not. 1 it-ought-to-have-had, 3 it-would-have-had. 1 such-ought-to-have-had, 2 such-have-had, 3 such-would-have-had. 2 such-are-not, 3 such-were-not. 1 on-either-hand, 2 they-are-not, on-the-other-hand. 1 is-it, 2 as-it, 3 use-it. Derivative iiitinite profit, prophet temperament testament will-not ■which-are-not which-were-uot dare-not appoint upon-it on-the-one-hanU I L ^ LP "^ ,-P which-wU'l .frrrr:^.(7?../\T.... f\W. great-extei intelligent island d record it-will-not not extent ' J'" o^ . u^ sweet wheat yield attempt prompt herald defend '•^^-^ endeavor ..^.,> Indiana. 350. It is often inexpedient to use a lialf-length letter wlien tlie angle formed by its juncture with another consonant is not sufficient to render it readily distinguishable: e. g., in looked, the shortened kay should not be used, since the combination lay-ket, when written quickly, would liave the appearance of lengthened lay. For similar reasons the halved ish should not be used after lay; en, ef, or ve after te or de ; te after te or de ; or kay after ef or ve. 108 REPORTING STYLE OP SHORT-HAND. 351. A final half-leugth te denoting tute, tude, or ted, is disjoined in some cases in oi'der to render it distinguishable, as in institute, treated, multitude. 352. {^ El, ~^ ar, ^ — em, and ._y en, are thickened when halved to express d, as in made, need, laid, read. This practice adds to the legibility of short-hand, and gives rise to no ambiguity, since ^ yea, "^ waj-, ^^ enip, and , ^ing are not shortened. Only the downward I is used when tliickeued to express the added d, as in failed. These letters, however, are not shaded when either the w or n hook is attaclied, as in loild, around, mind, wend. 353. Exceptions. In a very few cases way, yea, and emp, are halved, as in sweet, wheat,' yield, attempt, promj^t. 354. Using Id, write : Load, scold, lead, fold, manifold, mould, Springfield, unfold, old, laid, sold, lierakl, crawled, drilled; 1 pos. lead, leader, mikl, field; 3 pos. loud, mood; (rd), absurd, afford, standard, deplored, beard, yard, Leonard, sword, coward; 1 pos. kindred, ordinance, read, I'edeem, redemption; (md), made, mud, amidst, modify, meditate, blamed, inflamed, claimed, blossomed, drummed, toiled, meddle: 1 pos. medium, modulation, mid, mid- night, middle, midst, model, modern, moderate; 3 pos. mad; (nd), defend, end, endless (el), send, defendant, ascend, ascendant, descend, descendant, index, indebted, endeavor, indolence Qel), indolent, indigent, indivisible, indulge (el), reasoned, independent, errand, transcend; 1 pos. need, needless (el), needle (el), Indian, Indiana, indicate, indication, intend; 3 pos. sand. (Disjoined ted), dated, destitute, institute, dreaded; 3 pos. attitude. 355. WORD AND PHRASE SIGXS. I Pos. immediate-ly, 2 made, 3 mad. 1 need, 2 end, under, 3 hand. r 1 lead, 2 hold, held, old, load, 3 loud. 1 Lord, read, 2 heard, word, 3 hard. SHORTENED LIQUIDS. 109 World handsome hardware downward forward individual short-hand undergo hand-in-band i. afterward beforehand behold, beheld hazard hand-writing landlord understand preater-than ladies-and-gentlemen. 356. EXERCISE 29. 1. Adversity is-the-trial of-priuciple. 2. Withoiit-it, a-man hardly knows whether he-is-honest or-not. 3. By steps we-may ascend to God. 4. Act well at-the moment, and-you-have per- formed a-good action to all-eternity. 5. For-my-owu part, I-had- rather-be old only-a-short-time than-be old before I-rcally am so. 6. As-we grow old Ave-become more foolish aud-more wise. 7. Every-mau desires to-live-long, but no-man would-be-old. 8. The-path of-glory leads but-to-the grave. 9. A-inerry heart doeth good like-a-medicine, but-a-broken spirit drieth the-bones. 10. Heaven's eternal wisdom has decreed that man of man should- ever-stand in-need. 11. He-makes no friend who-never had-a foe. 12. Hatred is nearly always honest, rarely if-ever assumed. 13. So-much cannot-be-said for-love. U. In a-better-world we- will-rtnd our young years and-our old friends. 15. They-say women and-music should-never-be dated. IG. Few people know how to-be-old. 17. O, how-much more doth beauty beauteous seem by-that sweet ornament which truth doth give ! 18. There's- a divinity that-shapes our ends, rough he\v them how we-will. 19. Genius makes-its observations in-short-hand; talent writes- them-out at-length. 20. The-misei*able have-no-other medicine, but-only hope. 21. "Where-there-is-no hope there-cau-be no endeavor. (3 m) . 357. The-great-man is-he who, in-the-midst of-the crowd keeps with-perfect sweetness the-iudepeudeuce of solitude. (5 times in 1 m). 110 358. KEPOKTIXU blVLK OF SilUKT-HAXD. TR.tXSLATE. LESSON XXX. INTERVOCALIZATION. 359. Core gall margrave knoll cheer sport cork epicure jealous prevail qualify legislature derogatory persevere tolerable mortal ordinary volunteer-ary require school corporal North-Carolina California Delaware Baltimore correspondent preliminary. 360. Any letter of the double or triple consonant series maj' be intervocalized, by whicli is meant the vowel may be placed iu such a manner as to be read between the two consonants. E. g.= — ker, with the dash vowel-o struck through it, is read core. Here the vowel, by being written in this manner, is read after kay and before ar. Second and third place dash vowels are struck through IXTEKVUCAUZATION. Ill the stems, but first-place dashes are written just before theru, as ill gall. When a dot-vowel is to be written, a small circle is used, and placed before the stem if long, as in Margrave, and after it if short, as in gill. 361. This principle is rarely applied in actual reporting, but a considerable advantage is nevertheless secured by it; for, since it is a rule to form no outline too brief for vocalization, the stems per, ber, ter, der, etc., would have to be written out in quite a number of words in which double consonants may now be used instead. In moral, for example, the outline mer-lay is proper, since it will admit of vocalization; otherwise, the r-hook could not be employed. 3G2. Write: Fur, cur, core, cull, gull, gall, gill, gal, shoal, knoll, cheer, sport, fort, margrave, board, port, carve, chart, chill, dirt, nurse, purse, spur, terse, encore, epicure; 1 pos. accord? cork; (without vowels), course, college, derange, elaborate, enormity, demoralize, impulse, infer infirm, jealous, journey, in- surance, invalid, lecture, curb, nerve, nervous, North, moral, morality, nourish, perceive, perjure, person, shirk, engineer, picture, pilgrim, preliminarj', prevail, pursue, pursued, cor- ner, shoulder, qualify, legislature, recall, regulate, require, ridicule, darling, school, sharp, thirst, signature, telegram, till, term, Thursday, treasure, utility, volume, voluminous, vulgar, abjure, agriculture, armful, balcony, barter, capture, cargo, collateral, corporal, corporate, incorporate, corroborate, courteous, culture, decorum, derogatory, calico, director, disparage, partial, impartial, distil, divulge, falter, farthing, garnish, invulnerable, marble, marshal, miracle, nursery, nurture, obscure, parcel, parlor, persevere, porter, porti'ay, purple, shark, singular, tolerable, torpedo, turkey, valid, valedictory, vinegar, volcano, assurance, Charles, George, Jerome, Philip, Martha, Georgia, New-Jersej', North-Carolina, Virginia, Columbia; 1 pos. column, skill, cord, discord, gild, guilt; 3 pos. assure, secure, securitj'. (Sez), persist, paralysis, parenthesis. (W-hook), Delaware. (F-hook), gulf, tui-f, telegraph, adventure, imperative, California, narrative. (N- hook), burden, margin, pardon, pertain, diligence, jurisprudence, performance, terminate, German, bargain, cosmopolitan, culminate, galvanic. Mormon, northeastern, parlance, Calvin, Martin, Morgan, 112 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. Caroline. (Shun-hook), perception, circulation, admiration, par- tition, jurisdiction, corruption, regulation. (Rel-hook), journal, normal, personal, carnal, phrenology. (Halving), carpenter, garment, delegate, departure (ar), invert, dilapidate, impart, market, merchant, merchandise, mercantile (el), mortal, ordinary, particle, partner, pursuant, regard, record, transport, voluntary, volunteer, Vermont, Baltimore, Pittsburg, deliberate, corre- spond, correspondence, correspondent, default, dormant, escort, forbid, parliament, persecute, portrait, purport, recorder, scaffold, scarlet, target, jurist, told, velvet, palpitate, Archibald, Arnold, Baldwin, Gilbert, Herbert (ar) . 363. EXERCISE 30. 1. Action is eloquence, and-the ej'es of -the ignorant more learned than their ears. 2. It-is-often better to-have-a-great-deal of harm happen to-one than-a-little; a-great-deal may arouse you to-remove what-a-little will-only accustom-you to endure. 3. There-is-nothing that-makes-its-way more directly to-the soul than beauty, i. We-make Avay for-the-man who boldly pushes past us. 5. Your little child is-youi--ouly true democrat. 6. Childhood shows-the-man, as-the morning shows-the-day. 7. The-child is father of -the man. 8. Defeat is-a-school in-which truth always grows strong, t). Admiration is-tlie daughter of- ignorance. (1 m 30 s). 3(>4-. Rich-men without wisdom-and learning are-called sheep with golden fleeces. (9 times in 1 m). 365. TRANSLATE. 115 LESSON XXXI. 366. PREFIXES Compress conduce recommend countermarch contradiction contribution interview introduce antiseptic commodity contemporary interpose commentary community credulity accommodation commission compensation contempt command counterpart interrogation discontent malcontent reconstruct y - recognition ^%r/w?. . .>7c?(«iscribe, incojnpre- hensible, preconceive, se7/-control, compress, [con]firm, [con]gress, [con]spiracy, [con]trary, [con]troversy, [con] verse, enterprise; 1 pos. [com]prise, [com]promise; 3 pos. [con]strue, ?nisconstrue. (W-hook), rtntiquary, coi/nterworli. (F-liook), concave, [cou]- servative, [con]trive, [conjtrivance. (N-hook), concurrence, [cou]tain, [con]tains, confine, cownterbalance, cont?'avene, in[con]- venieuce, re[com]pense, co?npendium, condolence, [con]fldence, congenial, [circum] stance, [com]panion, [coni]plain, [con]cern, [con]science, [con]staucy, [conjstrain, [con]venience, [con]vince, [cou]tinuance, entertain, interline, inte?'vene; 1 pos. co^tntermine. (Shun-hook), «cconimodation, ci>cn?nlocution, [com]mission, [com]petitioH, cojnpulsion, [con]fession, connteraction, recor/nition, ?'ecom?nendation, [con] sideration, anticipation, [com]plexiou, [con]- cession, [con]clusion, [con]descension, [con]demnation, [con]ju- gation, co?tsecration, [con]solidatiou, [con]viction, [conjtempla- tion (emp), interpretation, convulsion, [conijbiuation, [conjdition, [con]ception, interdiction, contribution, conversion, interjection, un[con]dltional, [con]gregation; 1 pos. [com]pletion; 3 pos. con- fusion, [com]passion. (S-shun-hook), [comjpensation, [com]po- sition. (St-loop), cowquest, co;* test, contrast, contr distinction, composed, congestion, context, [con]stitute, [conjstitution. (Halv- ing), acco??i?nodate, circitmspect, combat, [con]template (emp), [conjtempt, [comm]and, [com]ment, [conjduct, co?npute, [cou]- sent, concert, [conjdescend, cojifiscate, [conjsult, coitnterpart, inter- dict, dis[con]nect, co?npatible, incompatible, inccinplete, intersect, PREFIXES. 115 mis [con] duct, recommend, mien-upt, se?/-esteem, anticipate, anti- dote, [comm]andraent, [conjduct, [conjductor, nonconductor, exTO)?imuuicate, [coinm]encement, 7'econstruct, [comjparative, [com]plicate, [cora]pliraeut, [con]solidate, [con]sonant, [con]- struct, [cou]tact, [coii]tribute, [contra]dict; 1 pos. con&de, con- sort, couniertcit, cojnplete, [coii]veuieut, interrogate, interrogation; 3 pos. [con]cludc, [comm]unicate. (R-hook), [com]fort, con- curred, concordance, cojivert, [con]gratulate, [conjgratulation, interpret; 1 pos. concrete. (N-hook), co9npound, [conjtiugent, dis- [con]tent, ?na?conteut, [conjtent, [con]straint, incompetent (en- tent), [com]plained, [con]fldent, [con]sistent, [con]staut, [cou]- stautly (el), [conjtent, iu[con]sistent; 3 pos. confound. 369. Construction confidential conjunction consequence consequent consequential WORD-.SIGNS. ..1/...V6.. unconcern comprehend antiquity consider consideration reconsider. EXERCISE 31. 370. 1. Our-actions are our-own; their consequences belong to-heaven. 2. No-man should-be so-much taken-up in-the-search of-truth, as thereby to neglect the-more-necessary duties of- active-life ; for after-all is-done, it-is-action onlj' that gives a-true value aud-commendation to-virtue. 3. Active natures are rarely melancholy. 4. Words are-good, but-there-is-something-better. 5. The-best is-not-to-be explained by-words. G. The-spirit in- which-we act is-the-chief matter. 7. Action can only-be under- stood and-represeuted by-thc-spirit. 8. No-one knows Avhat he- is-doing while he-is acting rightly, but of-what-is wrong we-are- always conscious. 9. Prosperity is too apt to-preveut us from- examining our conduct, but as adversity leads us to-think properly of-our state, it-is-most beneficial to us. 10. Our dependence- upon God ought-to-be so entire and-absolute that-we should-never think-it-necessary, in-any-kind of-distress, to-have recourse to- human consolations. 11. He-who-would pass-the declining years of-his-life with peace and-comfort, should when young, consider- that-he-may-one-day become old, aud-remember, whec-he-is-old, 116 REPORTING STYLE OF SIIOKT-IIAXD. that-he-lias-oiice-beeu young. 12. I-would seek unto-God, aud- imto-God commit m3-cause. 13. The-integrity of-meu is-to-be- measured by-tlieir conduct, not-by-tlieir profession. 14. He-who- lias lost confidence can lose notliing-more. 15. Confidence in-con- versatiou has-a greater sliare tlian \vit. IG. Tlie-conscience is more wise tlian science. 17. Man's conscience is-the oracle of- God. 18. He-is ricliest who-is content with-the least, for content is-the wealth of nature. 19. Eeasonable men are-the-bcst diction- aries of -conversation. 20. Silence is one-great art of-conversa- tion. 21. Fear God and-keep his commandments, for-this-is-the whole duty of man. 22. Gain may-be temporary and-uncertain; but ever while-you-live, expense is constant and-certain; and-it-is easier to build two cliimneys than-to-keep one-in fuel. 23. If-a- good face is-a-letter of-recommeudatiou, a-good heart is-a-letter of-credit. 2-i. The-worth of-a state, in-the-long run, is-the-worth of-tlie individuals composing it. 25. Liberality consists less in- giving much thau-in-giviug with-discretion. 26. The-human-race is-in-the-best condition, when-it-has-the-greatest degree of-liber- ty. 27. While -we -are reasoning concerning life, life is gone. 28. Love is incompatible with-fear. 29. Prudence and-love are inconsistent; in proportion as-the-last increases, the-other de- creases. 30. The-most manifest sigu-of Avisdom is continued cheerfulness. (5 m 30 s). 371. He-is-happy whose circumstances suit his temper; but- he-is more-excellent who-can suit his temper to any-circum- stances. (5 times in 1 m) . 372. TRANSLATE, I,, AFFIXES. 117 LESSON XXXII. AFFIXES. 373. ourselves yourselves accountable barbarity fidelity instrumentality formality hospitality individuality. 374. The dot aud tick are used to denote iivj and ings respec- tively, in cases wliere tlie letter > — iug cauuot conveniently be joined, as in preserving, or castings. 375. The s and sez circles denote self, and selves, as in himself, aud ourselves. 376. Shi}) is expressed by ish or shay, as in friendship. But in order to avoid unsuitable outlines, ish is sometimes disjoined, as in courtship, or lordship. 377. The endings ility, ality, and ariiy, are expressed by the detachment of any letter from the preceding part of the word, as in barbarity , fidelity , instrumentality. 378. The terminations ble and ful are often indicated by be aud ef simply, as in admissable, and disgraceful. 379. In the list here given, the syllables printed in italics are represented by the signs just explained. Debility, Icgihility, ^delity, credulity, barbar%, formality, vitality, stability, instrumental^, inmiliarity, casting, ohserying, hustm^s, disgrace/i(?, sensii>Ze, advisaftZe, yourself, itself, citizenship ; 1 pos. myself, thyself, divisii/e; 3 pos. ourself, ourselves, admissi6?e, township. (Halving), hospitaZiYy, indiyiclualiiy, hardship, lordship, courtship, partnership, accouutaiZe, osteusi^Ze. 380. EXERCISE 32. 1. The-more-a-mau denies himself, the-more he-shall obtain 118 KKPORTIXG STYLE OF SHOKT-IIAXD. from-God. 2. He-that-has-uever-knowu adversity is but half acquainted \ itii otliers or-with liimself. 3. No-sensible-persou ever-uuide-au apolog}'. 4. To-love-one-that-is great is-almost to-be-great oue's-self. 5. Beauty, lil^e trutli-aud-justice, lives within-us; like-virtue, and-like moral law, it-is-a companion of- the soul. 6. Man believes himself always greater-than he-is, and-is esteemed less-tlum he-is-worth. 7. Without content, we-shall- flnd it almost as difficult to-please others as ourselves. 8. No-man was-ever so-much deceived by-another as by-himself . 9. Dignity consists not-in-possessing honors but in-deserving them. 10. Economy is-of-itself a-gTcat-revenue. 11. The-best and-highest part of-a-man's education is-that-which he-gives- himself. 12. The-more-you speak of-yourself, the-more-you-are likely to lie. 13. Do-you-wish men to-speak well of-you? Then- never-speak well of-yourself. 14. When-men are-friends there- is-no-nced of -justice; but-Avhen-men are-just, they still need friendship. 15. All-men would-be-master of-others, and-no-man is lord of-himself. IG. No-mau is happy who-does-not-think himself so. 17. Self-trust is-the essence of heroism. 18. Think Avrongly, if-you-plcase, but in-all-cases think for-yourself . 10. Do- not speak of -your happiness to-a-man less fortunate than yourself. (3 m 45 s) . 381. Every-person has-two educations, one-of- which he-receives from-others, and-one-more-iniportaut, which he-gives-himself. (5 times in 1 m) 382. TRANSLATE. ..^^.^./!'..-^:..c.<^:^....X^...Y>.'^'^■^■•^•.. ...5?...(:...^,>....°..v-:r::^...^..r:../^..6,,..^L EXPEDIENTS AND PUNCTUATION. 119 LESSON XXXIII. EXPEDIENTS AND PUNCTUATION, 383. From-time-to-time from-day-to-day from-year-to-year from-hand-to-hand fror::-sireet-to-street day-after-day day-of-the-week season-of-the-year q'! ...If.. ..J)" ...h. speech-of-tlie-])re?ident 1 Cor. 3 chap, IG verse ,..t.«. S.k.... from-place-to-place from- week- to- week from-generation-to-generation i ,JLP,__^ from-house-to-house J / from-town-to-town ^ year-after-year \ / hour-of-the-day ■•7 C(\Q wealt • if-ihe-nation importance-nf-the-subject ^=^..>...?f....^.S^T7r.j...'D. LESSON XXXVII. AMANUENSIS REPORTING. 412. As a prerequisite to success in this field, a tliorough educa- tion is demanded in tlie common Englisli brandies, as aritlnnetic, oriliograpliy, grammar, and business forms. Good penmansliip, and a liuowledge of type-writing, book-Iieeping, and in rare cases telegraphy and some of the modern languages, are also valuable. 413. Various degrees of speed, ranging from 90 to 150 words per minute, are required. As such secretary, it becomes one's duty to write letters, telegrams, contracts, agreements, newspaper articles, briefs, editorials, etc., at the dictation of his employer, or whoever has the business management, and afterwards transcribe and deliver the same. A better understanding of the secretary's duties may be gained fi'om a cousidei'atiou of the relations existing between him and his employer. It is much more severe mental work to rapidly indite important business letters, than to slowly write them out. Dictating is in fact as much an accomplishment as reporting. Perfect quiet, and security from all disturbance, are essential in the work of dictating letters and papers of this kind. Hence the stenographer to the fullest extent possible, should refrain from everything that may perplex or disconcert the reflec- tions of his superior. He should not only maintain quiet, but be prepared the moment called upon to read what he has written, and remain in constant readiness to record every word spoken. He should also abstain from all show of nervousness during the occasional intervals in the dictation. 414. When the matter in hand is entirely finished, he may ask for the spelling of proper names, insert words which he failed to hear or record, and make the necessary corrections. Apparent grammatical and verbal errors need not be called up, but should be corrected by himself when the transcript is made. AMAXUEXSIS REPORTING. 131 EXERCISE 37. 415. 1. The-best time to-frame an-answer to-the-letter of-a- frieud is-the-moment you-receive-it. 2. Tlien-the-warmth of- frieudship, aud-the iutelligence received, most forcibly co-operate. 3. Letters which-are warmly sealed are-ofteu but coldly opened. t. Let-your-letter be-written as accurately as-you-are-able, — I- meau with-regard-to language, grammar, and stops; for-as-to-the matter of-it, the-less trouble you-give-yourself the-better it-will- be. 5. Letters should-be easy and-natural, and-convey to-those- to-whom we-send-them just what we would-say if-we-were-with- them. 6. To- write a-good love-letter, you ought-to begin without- knowing what-you-mean-to say, and-to-tinish without-knowing what-you-have written. (1 m 30 s). 416. Omaha, Neb., Dec. 3, 1883. William Tackaberry & Son, Sioux-City, Iowa. Gentlemen : — We-understand the-impression has-been-formed by-you that E. C. Palmer & Co. have-been given the-ageucy iu- your-city for- our crackers. We-beg to advise you that-such-is-not-the-case. "We-do-not purpose to-give the-agency for-our crackers to any-one -house, thereby depriving ourselves of-a vast amount-of business we would otherwise get. We-have-beeu offered the-exclusive trade of-other wholesale-houses in-your-city for-that privilege, but have-always declined and-iu futui-e will pursue the-same policy. We-beg-to advise you further that the-advertisement given us by Messrs. Palmer & Co. in-their journal, is-entirely gratuitous. They-are-uot recompensed either directly or indirectly for-the- same by-this-house. We assure-you your business is thoroughly appreciated by-us, aud-will-always meet with as-much favor at-our hands as any- house trading with us, either in Sioux-City or-elsewhere. Yours respectfully, Jos. Garneau Cracker Co. Dictated to Miss Ada Gaston. (2 m. 30 s.) 132 reporting style of short-hand. 417. St. Paul, IIixn., Nov. 8, 1883. Messrs. A- Buiz & Sons, Malaga, Spain. Gentlemen: — Eef erring- to -your esteemed fayor of -the 21st ult., we-wisli-to say, that-when-you-are ready to quote prices on- your brands of layer raisins, we would-be-pleased to-receive quotations, with-the view of-placing our fall-and-winter order with-you. We would also kindly request you to inform us whether- you-have any arrangements with-any line of steamers running from- yourportto New- York or Baltimore, aud-what rates of freights you- can quote us ;also,what-the insurance and-other expenses connected with-a shipment of say 5,000 or 10,000 boxes would-be. Any- other information that-you-can-give-us, that-you-think would-be valuable for-us, will-be appreciated. Awaiting your reply, we-are Very-truly-yours, Glldden, Griggs & Co. Dictated to W. A. Shepfer. (1 m 45 s) . 418. Nebrasica Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Neb., Nov. 20, 1883. J. W. Trisler, St. Louis. Dear-Sir:— Mr. Trisler was brought to-the Asylum a-few months ago from Wyoming Ter. He-is-insane, but quiet, and-in-general good-health. My-impressions are-that-he-will-not recover his mental health soon, probably never. He-is comfortable, and- seems-to-be contented. At any-time, if-you-would-like to-hear from-him, just drop me a-postal-cai'd, anything to-remiud me, and-I-will take-pleasure in writiug-you. Respectfully, H. P. Mathewson, Supt. Dictated to Miss B. Archibald. (1 m). AMAXUENSIS REPOKTIXG. 133 419. St. Paul, Mixx,, Feb. 29, 1884. D. Getty & Co., White Bear, Minn. Gentlemen: — Enclosed I haud-you statement of-j'our account to Jau'y 1st. you-know we-do-not-ofteu say-anything to-3'ou aboat -money, but just-now we-are -having heavy demands upon- us, aud-collections are rather slow, so-that we are compelled to ask-you to-do all-that-you possibly can for-us. We-shall greatly appreciate anything you-can-do. Allen, Moox & Co. Dictated to Will E. Miller. (1 m) . 420. TRANSLATE. Farr & Co., Collection, Real Estate and Insurance Agents. Cedar Rapids, Ia., Dec. 12, 1883. £...:i^.-. «^ Jo M«> 134 reporting style of short-hand. 421. Nebraska Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Neb., Nov, 20, 1883. ..3, c/,r:^.::ys.. .D...S....'2..v.:)......^L...-..!:z>. ..^^. /iz2r^...4^..:^....^-^...S..-z>.'^......<^. ;^..ja....!y: ^ LESSON XXXVIII. AMANUENSIS REPORTING, (Continued). 422. The thoughtful student need not be told that, since all the plans and secrets of his employer's bnsiness must be made known to the correspondence clerk, the most implicit confidence is reposed in him, and loyalty, integrity, and devotion to business are pre- sumed by the relationship established. He should not only be so discreet as not to divulge office secrets, or betray implied confi- dence, but he should show plainly by his conduct that he is faithful to his employers, and interested in their behalf. 423. No matter how accomplished a pri\-ate secretary ma}' be, his services will not be sought, if he has not cultivated habits of prudence, and shown himself to be safe and trustworthy. AMANCEXSIS KEPORTIXG. 135 421. Ill taking difficult matter at dictatiou, iu wliich corrections aud iaterliueiitious are afterwards to be made, it is well to leave the ulteruate lines blauli for this purpose. Letter books should be paged, aud every letter iudexed iu a separate book iu sucli a mau- uer tliatit cau be quickly referred to afterwards. EXERCISE 38. 425. Nebraska Hospital for the Insane, LiN'coLX, Neb., Nov. 20, 1883. i/o/i. E. J. Hainey, Aurora, Neb. Dear-Sir: — Mrs. Crarger is A^ery insaue, and-is-iucliued to-be violent aud-troublesome. I-think lier-friends would-find her very- difflcult to-mauage. Doubtless it-would-be desirable to-the Couutj'^, aud-it-certainly would-be to us, to-have her off our hands: }'et-it-is-my-opinion that-it- would be-a-very unjust pi'o- ceeding, both to Mrs. Crarger and-her-friends, to-place her iu-a private family. We get-along witli-her very-well, and-with-very- little trouble, but I-feel-certain that-if she were with-persons not accustomed to-manage the-iusane, they would-find it-impossible to-get-along with her. However, if-the Commissioners of Insani- ty think-best to-try-the experiment, certainly there-could-be-no- objection on our-part; yet I wouldn't advise it. Respectfully, H. P. Mathewsox, Supt. Dictated to Miss B. Archibald. (1 m 45 s). 426. Farr & Co., Collection, Real Estate and Ins. Agents, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Dec. 4, 1883. Mr. J/. Traver, Le-Grange, 111. Dear-Sir: — Yours of Nov. oOth received. You ask if-I-have-a lot of-good-farms for exchange? I-liave-not at-the-present-time a-large list for exchange, but-some for-sale. I-niight possibly get- 136 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-IIAXD. or in-North-Westeru Iowa, ^yill write-you-again soou-aud toll- you-what-I-have. Yours-truly, Mark C. Farr. Dictated to Auua Goodell. (1 ni). 427. St. Paul Fire and Marine Ins. Co, St. Paul, Jau. 4, 188-4. Albo De Bemales, Esq., New York. Dear-Sir: — Repl3-mg to-j-our favor of-the 19th inst. we here- with euclosie statement showing amount of-the grain pi'emiums, a>- they-have-beeu reported to-yoii under-our gi'aiu series. The- amounts reported in-October and-November gi'aiu account have- been paid to-you, aud-the-balance will-be included in-Dee. ac- count. If -you -cannot find reports for these by examining your files, we-will seud-you duplicates. We-are-quite certain that-we- have-seut-j'ou reports for-all of-these risks as-soou-as received by us. Yours-truly, Stenographic Letter. C. B. Gilbert, Sec'y. Dictated to Bessie Gardner. (Im20s). 428. Geo. W. Crane & Co., Blank-Book Manufacturers, Printers and-Binders, Mr. A. B., Topeka, Kan., March 20, 1884. Los Angeles, Cal. Dear-Sir: — The-Dockets sent-you are-the-kind Avhich-are in- geueral use in-this-city. The-fuU printed form made it-necessaiy in-a-great-mam'-cases to transfer the-record to-the-back of-tlie- book. This-is obviated in-the-form which we-send-you, and-also in-the Justice's Guide which we enclose, aud-which will give-the .Justice the-form of entry of any case that-may-come before-hira. We-will exchange the-Docket if-you-wish, but think-your Justice ^will-fiud the-form sent the-more couvenient. Yours very-truly, Crane & Co. Dictated to Lide Cameron. (I m 30 s) amanuensis reporting. 137 429. Our Home ox-tiie Hillside, Daxsville, Livingston Co., New-York, March 1, 188-1. Isaac Bennett, Esq., CarroUton, 111. My-Dear-Sir: — Our mutual-friend, Mr. -Peters, who-is-at-pres- ent iii-the-employ of-Our Home ou-tlie Hillside, as-one-of-its reporting-secretaries, has handed me your-letter of Feb. 20, wherein you express a-desire to-have-my testimony in-respect-to stenographic-writing. It gives-me great-pleasure to say-to-you, that-for twenty-six years I-have-had young-men-and-women in- my-employraent as stenographers. Such-is-my estimate of-the- value of-the-art of-short-hand, that-I-would-have-it taught in-all- our graded-schools and-academies throughout the-land to youug- men-aud-women. Taking all-our institutions into account, and-the wide range of - occupations in-which-our young-men have-to engage, and-which-are opening to-our young-women, I-would-rather have given proficiency in stenography as-a-part of-a young-man's or-a young-woman's education, than-the-best average Collegiate accom- plishment which any-of-our Colleges or-Universities furnish in- the Latin and-Greek languages. It-is-not simply as scribes for- others that-this-art is-of -value; for-it-is of-quite as-raucli service to-those-who attain it in-tlieir-own priA-ate affairs. Wliat-an- excellent opportunity it furnishes to-one who-has-it at-hand to- make memoranda of things seen and-heard, and-thus furnishing him TV ith-the -means of -fastening in-his mind, aud-having at-his service, most useful information! I-have-had on-an average for twenty-five years, not-less-than three short-haud-writers in con- stant use; and-I-do-not-know of any who after my training have- not secured good-positions, and-kcpt them, and-obtained entirely satisfactory compensation. Assuring you that-I-am in-the fullest sense a-believer in-the-worth of-the-art as-a-means of added use- fulness in-whatever profession or-calliug any-person may-be en- gaged, and-wishing you all-success in-your pursuit of-it, I-remaiu, Yours faithfully, James C. Jackson. (5 m). 138 REPORTING STYLE OF SUORT-IIAXD. 430. TRANSLATE, Glidden, Griggs & Co., Importers & Wholesale Grocers, St. Paul, Minn., Nov. 9, 1883. ". .....^....>Z.v ..^.,.^.^..1..^(,,.V....'..C,..^^^. J...v^...4...':::t...., -:^.../::.:r\..-r-..rr.. \ r"- 431. Jos. Garneai; Cracker Co., Omaha, Neb., Dec. 3, 1883. .\ ^..X...^...v^.,;.:^. speech reporting. 139 432. St. Paul Fire and Marine Ins. Co., St. Paul, Jan. 15, 1384. h- ..^..^...\.^..w::.??..^..L..rvr...tv:^....VQ. f\ /O . 6-^£' I \ C ^■■■^ 7~' LESSON XXXIX. SPEECH REPORTING. 433. A verbatim report of a rapid public speaker is the greatest acliievement of tlie stenographic art. There are, however, but comparatively few speeches of which reports are wanted ; and it is a fortunate fact that the best orators, whose speeches are the mo.st frequently published, are the easiest, also, to report. But it is very rare that a speech appears well in print, in the precise language in which it was delivered. A certain amount of tautology and repetition add to the force of a spoken address, which in a orinted report must be discarded. Many allusions, and even whole sentences, may oftentimes be profitably omitted ; and the rhetoric 140 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. of an extemporaneous speech can genei'ally be improved. These matters lie cleai-]y within tlie scope of the stenographer's dutj'; but the best plan is always, when possible, to submit to the speaker himself an exact copy, written on paper with a broad margin, in or,l?r that he may amend and remodel as he sees flt. 434. The student will find the following suggestions of value, wliccher he intends making a business of this branch of reporting or not. Fully prepare yourself before the speech begins. Obtain a seat, one at a desk if possible, within easy hearing of the speaker. Have yourself amply provided with writing material. Use a pen, if you are accustomed to one; otherwise, have a number of sharpened pencils at hand. 435. No matter what the purpose of your report may be, make it a point, far as you are able, to take every word that is uttered. If the entire speech is not wanted, you can prepare an intelligent synopsis from your full short-hand notes; but an abridgement made in short-hand while the speech is being delivered, is by no moans satisfactory. 436. Beginners are sometimes obliged, however, before they can follow a rapid speaker, to make as full a sj-nopsis as they are able, recording the substance only of what is said. And it is common- ly the case, indeed, that only partial reports of very rapid speakers are wanted. 437. A complete report of a speech requires that many things be inserted, which, verbally, are not a part of the address itself, things acted rather than said. The manner and appeai'ance of the speaker should be described ; also, the character of the audience, and the demonstrations of approval, or otherwise, with which the speaker's utterances are received. EXERCISE 39. 438. 1. As-it-is-the-characteristic of-great .wits to say-much in-few words, so-it-is of-small wits to-talk much and-say-nothing. 2. It-is-when you-come close-to-a-man in-conversation tliat-j^ou discover what-his real abilities are. 3. Speech-making is-a knack. 4. Men are-born with-two eyes, but-with-one tongue, in-order- that-they should see twice as-much-as they-say. (1 m). SPEECH REPORTIXG. 141 439. THE-PRESEXT-AGE.— CHAXXIXG. 1. The-remarks now-made on literature might-be extended to- the fine-arts. 2. In-tliese we see, too, the-tendency to-universal- ity. It-is-said, that-the-spirit of-the great artists has died out; but-the taste for-their woi-ks is spreading. 3. By-the improvements of engraving, and-the invention of casts, the-genius of-the great- masters is going abroad. 4. Their conceptions are no-longer pent up in galleries open-to but few, but meet us in-our homes, and- are-the household pleasures of millions. 5. Works designed for- the halls and-eyes of emperors, popes, and-nobles, find their-way, in no poor representations, in humble dwellings, and-sometimes give-a consciousness of -kindred powers to-the child of poverty. 6. The-art of drawing, which lies at-the-fouudation of-most of- the fine-arts, and-is-the-best education of-the eye for-nature, Is- becoming-a branch of -common education, and-in some countries is taught in-schools to-which all-classes are admitted. 7. I-am reminded by-this remark of-the-most striking feature of-our times, as showing its tendency to-universality, and-that-is-the unparalleled and-constantly accelerated diffusion of-education. This greatest of-arts, as-yet little understood, is making sure progress, because-its principles are-more-and-more sought in- the-common nature of man; and-the great-truth is spreading, that- everj^-man has-a-right to-its aid. 8. Accordingly education is- becoming-the-work of nations. 9. Even in-the despotic govern- ments of Europe schools are open for-every child without-distiuc- tion; and-not-only-the elements of- reading and-writing, but-music and-drawing are taught, and-a foundation is laid for future progress in history, geography, and-physical science. 10. The- greatest minds are at-work on-popular education. 11. The- revenuesof states are applied most liberally, not-to-the universities for-the few, but to-the common-schools. 12. Undoubtedly much reraains-to-be-done; especially a-new rank in-society is-to-be given to-the teacher; but even in-this-resi)ect a-revolution has commenced, and-we-are beginning to-look on-the guides of-the young as-the chief benefactors of-mankind. (4 m) . l-tJ KEPORTIXa STYLE OF SIIOKT-UAXD. 440. TRA>'SLATE. .^..TTs..':T:::^..\^..../..L...^..:?:..:rC:^..L../^., ./..v^..v^...'^..-r,^. ,^^ ,.'^^r^...L..<^..)o. ^ .^...::^.ri.:....^...'s?-....z'.<-i....(,.^..,^..a.. „.^,\..^, CONVENTION REPORTING. 14:3 LESSON XL. CONVENTION REPORTING. 441. Stenographers are employed to report the proceedings of various deliberative assemblies, as legislatures, constitutional, and the more important political conventions, and professional and trades-men's associations. These reports are commonlj^ furnished to newspapers, and also frequently published in book form. The purposes for which they are made, and the degrees of fullness required are so various, that no comprehensive rules can be laid down sufficient to govern the reporter in every case. The follow- ing suggestions, however, will be found of value. 442. The stenographer should if possible be seated near, or at the same table with the official secretary, in order that, as the business progresses, he may learn the names of speakers, and those taking part in the discussions. 443. It is the best plan always to take as full notes as possible although an abridged report only may be wanted, since the work of condensing can better be performed when the transcribing is being done, than when the proceedings are in course. 444. It is commonly the reporter's duty to take down all motions and resolutions, except those in writing; also, amendments thereto, and remarks and decisions thereupon. 445. Essays, and other papers which are read to the associa- tion, are filed with the secretary, and need not be taken down in short-hand; but the discussion of any question to which these may give rise, should be noted by the reporter. 446. The speaker's name, when announced by the chairman, should be written in long-hand at the left margin of the paper, and his remarks recorded just below. 447. The official stenographer of the convention should make a record of everything that transpires. Much revision, and the judgment of an editor, are needed in preparing such verbatim reports for publication. This is usually done by the secretary, or a special committee. Short-hand writers experienced in this 144 KEPOnXIXG STYLE OF SHORT-HAXD. branch of the profession, are often employed both to make and revise, or edit, such reports. EXERCISE 40. 448. PROCEEDINGS OP THE THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IOWA STATE PHARMACEU- TICAL ASSOCIATION, Held in Des Moines, February 14-15, 1882, OFFICIALLY Reported by Eldox Moran. First Day. — Wednesday Afternoon Session. The-meeting was called-to-order at 10 o'clock. President Hogiu iii-the chair. The-minutes of-the last session were read, corrected, and- approved. The-President: I-will-now call-for-the-report of-the Commit- tee on Legislation. The-report was read by-the Chairman, Mr. Bush, and-the paper passed to-the Secretary. On motion of Mr. Wallace, tlie-report of-tlie Committee on Legislation was adopted. The-President: Dr. Treat, have-you any-thing-further lo-re- port on Pharmacy and Queries? Dr. Treat: Yes-sir; a-paper by Mr. W. H. Hardy, of-Clinton. The -Secretary : Mr. Chairman, I-would-like-to-say first, that our Treasurer has-a-letter from Mr. Hardy, expressing regrets for- his inability to-be at-tlie meeting. The-President: We-will-now listen to-the reading of-the paper by Mr. W. H. Hardy, of Clinton. The-paper is read to-the Association by Dr. Treat. Tlie-President: Now-yon-have heard-the reading of-the-paper by Mr. Hardy, of-Clintou. What-is-the-pleasure of-the house as- tD-the disposal of-it? COXVEXTIOX REPORTING. 145 Dr. Treat: l-niove-3-ou Mr. Chairman, that-tlie communication be-received. Tlie-President: You-mean-by-that, that-it shall-be printed in- the proceedings? Dr. Treat: Yes-sir. The-motion was-carried and-the thanks of -the Association ten- dered the -writer. Mr. Schafer: I-will-now-present the-report of -the committee appointed to-cousider tlie-Presidents address. Vice-President Townsend assumes the-cliair. The committee referred to report as follows: "To-the President and-merabers of-the Iowa State Pharmaceutical Association : Your committee appointed to-consider tlie-address of -our retiring President, ask-to-pi'eseut the-following report: We-clo most heartily concur in-the leading suggestions. We- would, however, call-your special-attention to-the following recommendations : 1. That-every registered Pharmacist look well to all impositions from unprincipled persons, in-obtaining liquors for improper use uuder-all-manner of -representations. 2. That-we heartily endorse the aiding and-sustaining the-Com- missioners of Pharmacy in-their duties to-the full extent of-the law. 3. The-subject of-revising the-By-Laws had-our attention, but owing to-the necessities of-the-case, amendments have already- been adopted, which fully cover this-poiut. 4. We-most heartily and-cheerfully endorse the-suggestiou, that-the Association become incorporated uuder-the laws of-the State. A-motiou to-adopt the-report of-the committee prevailed. Mr. Crawford: Mr. -Chairman; I-move-you that-the Committee on Legislation, as expressing the-sense of-this Association, be instructed to-procure an-amendment to-thc-present law, making- it-a penalty not-exceeding $200.00 for-a-persou conducting-a pharmacy without registration, by-having-that-matter so-that-it- will properly come-before-the Grand-Jury, and-that-the Court may act at discretion, and-make-a fine not-exceeding this amount. There-are communities where-the prohibitory liquor law of Iowa is 10 IIG KEPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. practically a-dead-letter. No Grand-Jury can-be iniDaneled to- take proper cognizance of-tlie law. The-law-maker makes-the law, not-only to-rule subjects, but- also to-rule the-law-makers. Now I-think-that, in-this-matter, ■we-stand between-the law-maker and-the law-breaker. In-tliis- respect we-are handling, unfortunately, patent medicines, one -of - the giant evils of-the day. That-there-is-a-demaud for-them, no- «ue questions. This-demand comes as-well from-the law-maker •as -it does from-the law-breaker. While-one-man claims to-call- ior-it withiu-the limits of-the law, there-is-a-questioa at-last about-what there-is-a-call-for. Now-then, we-are-uot only •standing between law-makers and law-bi"eakers, but-we-staud between-the patent medicine man and-the consumer, between-the physician and-the patient. It-seems-to-me our-position is-a-very peculiar one. For-instance, some nostrum is placed upon-the market and-it-is so advertised that-there-is-a-demand-for-it, and- ■vve, as retail-dealers, purchase some and-sell it to-our-customers Tvho-demand-it. It-is-a spurious article. Who-gets-the blame? I-think-those-who-are doing-business on-honest principles aud- liviug up to-the law, will go forward and-raise the-standard so- high that-every-oue will-be ashamed to engage in-that-busiuess. The -President: The-motion now is-that-the Committee on Liegislation procure a-pharmacy law makiug-the violator liable to- a. penalty not-exceeding $200.00. Mr. Parish: Did-you-say-that-it-should-be indictable? Mr. Ci'aAvford: Yes-sir. I-said-that-it-shouId-be-a misde- meanor, and-that-the penalty should-be-that-amount. A-Member: I-thiuk-there ought-to-be-a way of-getting out-of it without-making it a-Graud-Jury affair. I-think-it-is-au offense that ought-to-be punishable before-a-justice-of-the-peace. Mr. Parish: I-don't-think, Mr. Chairman, that-j-ou-can-find-a town in Iowa, where-there-is-a druggist, but-who-has-a delicacy about filing-a complaint against-a competitor. But if-you-make- it a-Grand-Jury offense, they-will-be obliged to-take action in- these-matters. You-may take-it in-any town. There-is one in- •our town who-is-not-a pharmacist, not eligible bj'-reason-of age, :and-he-is violating the-law, and-there ought-to-be somebody "svhose dutj' it-was to-take action in-these-matters. COXVEXTION KEPOKTIXG. 147 Mr. Ellis: Let-us-take-aview of-onr position as druggists, the- position iu-which we-are held up before-the-public, so-far-as we- ai*e individually concerned. It-ought-to-be our object persoually to abide by-the-laws, whatever these laws may-be. (11 m). 449. TRANSLATE. „.(o..!:b-...>. --V* — .@....v^..^...^...:j'....r.^.. £.::'..\..-^....^.j...W..^.k.>..X>./v<). ®--^-^..^.-^ .'r..^.,....y!^.... ^cA'^h^.l..^r^,,y:?r?..>..y\^..'':'7:77./<^. ^.... ..^.^...r^..^....'!...r..^..^..7^..e.:^^^^, L..^.l..,^....l..^.^...!.T^..."r:!>p-±:Z...p..^^^.r>....L..,^... \;>..%d. }x..l &:^..r:.i,....^ .l>-:ri...!2¥.....C.^....s,.-.l.j...-<^.:::J.vr^ ^^-l^---!^--^ EXHIBITS AND IXDICES. 150 LESSON XLIII. EXHIBITS AND INDICES. 469. "Written documents, as deeds, notes, contracts, mortgages, letters, dejiositions, etc., are frequently produced in Court, and made a part of the evidence; and for tlie purpose of identitication, and convenience in making references, the same are at the time marked by tlie reporter as exhibit "A", "B" etc., according to the order in which they are introduced. After the alphabet has been exhausted, the double letters "AA", "BB" etc., may be employed. The paper, besides the letter "A", should be marked with the initials of the parties to the suit; thus, for example, in the case of Frederick vs. Wilson, the certificate of a County Auditor is offered in evidence, and marked by the reporter Exhibit "A", F. vs. W. This prevents ambiguity in cases where the same document has already been marked with a different letter, as an exhibit in another case. 470. As part of the evidence, also, knives, rings, keys, photo- graphs, or any article whatever which it may be important for the Court and Jury to examine, are from time to time introduced. These may be marked by attaching a written card firmly to them. The reporter should be careful to identify as an exhibit, every article or document offered by either party, whether or not the same is actually admitted in evidence by the Court, since rejected exhibits are necessary to complete the appellant's bill of exceptions. 471. Half the value of a law report is lost by not having it properly indexed. In the first place, the paper used should be accurately paged, and each separate book or manuscript numbered in the order used. Trials vary in length from an hour to several months. Reference is frequently made, and the reporter ordered to read sections of testimony taken days and even weeks previous. Tliis can be done only by means of a running index, which is kept making from hour to hour, just as the proceedings take place. This should give the day. and date of each session of Court, the nniUe of each vntncsx, ;..id the page where his testimony and cross- examination begins. IGO REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. 472. Agreements, admissions, stipulations, and the introduction of extiibits, sliouul also be indexed. Long-hand transcripts are paged and indexed in a similar manner. INDEX. 473. Swales vs. )■ EVIDENCE ON PART OP PLFF. The White-Water Railroad. FIRST DAY, MAY 19, 1881. THURSDAY FORENOON SESSION. Impaneling of the Jury, Vol. 1, Page 1. M. B. Pox, "1, "5. AFTERNOON SESSION. Fox, continued, . . . 1-11 Chas. Ashby, .... l-oT Cross-examination, . . 1-13 Cross-ex., 1—12 Re-direct examination, 1-20 C. Ashby, recalled, . . 1-48 Frank Jackmau, . . . 1-22 Beuj. Holden, .... 1-48 Cross-ex., 1-28 SECOND DAY, MAY 20. FRIDAY FORENOON SESSION. B. F. Hurley, . . . . 1-59 Cross-ex., . . . 1-G3 W. H. Swales, . . Vol. 2-3 Guardianship, admitted 2-3 Exhibit "B", Map of Long- necker, admitted . . 2-4 Exhibit "A", Letters of FRIDAY AFTERNOON SESSION. Cross-ex., 2-4 Dr. L. J. Collins, . . . 2-28 Carrie Hurley, .... 2-15 Dr. J. P. Green, . . . 2-44 Cross-ex., ' 2-21 Dr. J. D. Gatch, . . . 2-47 EXHIBITS A>D LXDICES. 161 THIRD DAY, IVIAY 21. SATURDAY FORENOOX SESSION. EVIDENCE ON PART OF DEFENDANT. Mrs. M. Jackmau, . . 2-52 E. F. Lamon, . , . 2-54 SATURDAY AFTERNOON SESSION. H. Barneclo, .... 3-15 E. H. Bowlby, . . . 3-2G FOURTH DAY, MAY 23. MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION. . Dr. W. H. Myers, . . i-52 Ashby, admitted . . 4-74 W. W. Worthiugtou, . 4-G8 Exhibit "D", Statement of Exhibit "C", Statement of Jackmau, admitted . 4-74 REBUTTING EVIDENCE ON PART OP PLAINTIFF. Mrs. Jackman, recalled, 4-75. EXERCISE 43. 474. Swales ^ vs. V IMPANELING OF-THE JURY. The White-Water R. R. Co. J Mr. McMuUen, on-part of -Plaintiff : Gentlemen -of -THE- Jury: — This-is-a-case in-Avhich Dr. Swales, who-is-the guardian of Miss Hurley, is-the-plaintiff, aud- the White-Water R. R. Co. is-the defendant, being-a-suit brought for-damages, aud-for-an alleged injury sustained by Miss Hurley, the-plaintiff' s Avard. Have-j'ou, Gentlemen-of-the-Jury, heard anything of-this-case? If-any-of-you have heard anything-about- it, please-make-the fact known. (Jury make-no response). Q. Did anybody with-whom-you-have talked pretend to-give- you the-facts? (^Juror) Well I-heard this-about-it — Q. Did-the-person with-whom-you talked say-tliat-he-was telling you the-facts in-the-case? 11 162 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. A. No-sir, I-thiuk-uot. Q. Theu-have-you formed or-expressed any-opiuion as-to- wliether the-plaiutiff should recover iu-tliis-case? A. To-the-best of -my -knowledge I-dou't believe I-have. I- was going-to say-that I-had-not-heard of-the suit until I-came to- the city. To-the-best of-my-recoUectiou I-have-uot expressed auy-opiniou. Q. Mr. Keed, have-you-heard of-the-case before? A. Yes-sir, often. Q. Heard of-the facts? A. Yes-sir, and-expressed my-opinion of-the-case when-it occurred; I-live close there and-know-all about-it. Q. And-j'ou-have-formed aud-expressed au-opiniou about-it? A. Yes-sir. Q. Do-you-think your-opiuiou vi'ould-have-any influence upon- you in-making-up-your rerdict? A. Yes-sir, I-think-so. Q. Do-you-think-you-could-render a-verdict iu-this-matter upon sworn testimony of -witnesses here-upou trial indepeudeutly of-your-owu-opiuion? A. No-sir, I-think-not. I-have already expressed my-opinion. Upon motion Mr. Keed is excused from-the-Jury by-the Court. (Mr McMullen) Your-Honor, we-pass the-Jury. Upon-the peremptory challenge of-the defendant, the Court excuses Mr. Stone from-the-Jury. By Judge Baiubridge, on-part of-the Defendant: Q. Mr. Hart, have-you-heard of-this-case? A. Yes-sir. Q. Heard what purported to-be-the-facts in-the-case? A. Yes-sir, I-both heard and-read about-it at-the-time the^ accident happened. Q. Have-you-formed any-opiuion as-to-the merits of-the-case? . A. Yes-sir. Q. Already have-your-mind made up? A. Yes-sir, to-a-cevtain-extent. Q. Is-your-opiuiou such-a-oue as would readily give way to- sworn testimony? A. Well I-think-it-would. EXHIBITS AXD INDICES. 163 Q. Can-you-say positively tliat-the opiuion that-you-have already formed woulcl-iiot iu-a-measure iuflueuce j'ourtiual verdict? A. I-don'i-tliink-that-it-wouId. Defendant's challenge of Mr. Hart for cause is over-ruled by- the Court, to-which ruling defendant-excepts. (-t ni). 475. INSTKUCTIONS TO THE JUEY. John B . ] vs. y IN THE DISTRICT COURT, BUTLER CO., NEB . Conrad M .J Gentlemen-of-the-Jury: 1st. This-is-an-action brought by- the-plaintiff against the-defendant for-damages which-the-plaintiff alleges he-has sustained by-reason-of-the defendant having falselj- and-raaliciously (it-is-charged) in-the-presence and-hearing of divers good-people, who understood the-German-language, spoken and-published of-and concerning the-said-plaintiff certain words iu-the-German-language, which-would in-the English-language mean, "He (meaning-the-plaintiff) stole my lath out-of-the chick- en house." The-defendant denies he-spoke such-words of -and concerning plaintiff, but justifies the-speaking of-the-words, aud- clainis that-plaiutiff did steal his lath, and-that plaintiff did-not sustain a-good-character among-his neighbors for-moral-worth, integrity, and-honesty. The-plaintiff denies hi-his reply these new matters in-defendant's answer. 2nd. The-Court Instructs the- Juryi that slander is regarded in law a-malicious wrong and-injury, and-an-actiou for-it has-as legitimate a-standing In-a-Court as- any-othei'-actiou. 3rd. All-questions of-fact you-will-determiue for-yourselves from-all-the evidence and-circumstances of-the- case. 4th. If-you-believe from-the-evidence that-the-defendant, in-speaking of-the-plaintiff, in-the-presence and-hearing of-others who understood the-German-language, used-the-words charged in-the petition in the German language, meaning-in-the English- language, "He (meaning-the-plaintiff) stole my lath out-of-the chicken house," then it-will-be-}'our duty to-find for-the, etc. Given at David City, Neb., Dec. 4, 1883, by Judge Norval. Myron E. Wheeler, Official Stenographer. (3 m^ 164 keporting style of short-ha^'d. 476. Swales ) r;. v testimony on part of plff. The White-Water K. R. Co. J Wilson H. Swales, — sworn. .irr^vx .'::^.C!:.j.....<^. r::zcr:...:^...i.:?...>.:v^/!. J..^,r^..y...'-i.^..^/.?^^.>'..^....!.L^ ...:::s^...ii.\,..r<:yc..^..x _ .^U..X.<^:r;^. ...,...P...^-1. ..yr-rv^j x/r^...lo..(^.^o:ii. ...^.n..^..^..^i>r..j:l ^:.r...:k:rr: TRAXSCRIPTS. 165 LESSON XLIV TRANSCRIPTS. 477. All short-hand reports should be securely filed awa}-, either by the Clerk of the Court, or by the stenographer himself. A transcript in long-hand may be ordered at once, or not till after years; possibly never. Before making such transcript, the reporter would do well to ascertain whether more than one copj^ is wanted, since, should he make use of a type-writer, which is much the best plan, two or more copies can be made simultaneously. The testimony of certain witnesses only, or a brief of all the evidence in narrative form not containing objections, etc., is sometimes ordered; while again, only an abstract is wanted, giving the testimony to which objections were made, together with the rulings and exceptions. In addition to the usual fee allowed for making transcripts, the reporter receives extra compensation for the work of making such briefs and abstracts. In all cases, the stenographer has a right to hold the transcript until his fees are paid. 478. Original notes are always taken hurriedly, and need more or less revision and condensation when transcribed into long-hand. In this matter the reporter is allowed some disci'etion. Answers of Avitnesses with few exceptions should be written as spoken, l)ut the language of interrogatories should be corrected if ungi'ammatical, and may be abbreviated often with advantage. Lawyers not uncommonly indulge in repetitions which have only the effect of lumbering the record, and should iu many cases be entirely excluded from the transcript. 470. Notes should be transcribed in the order taken, and one side only of the paper be written upon. Ample margin for the notes of counsel should be allowed to remain at the left of each page ; also at the top, so that the sheets may be bound together. 480. Every interrogatory should be numbered, beginning anew with the testimony of each witness. The transcript, when com- 1G6 KEPOKTIXG STYLE Oi<' SIlOKT-IIAXr). plete, is paged and indexed, and bound firmly into volumes of convenient size. 481. State of Indiana Lyon. CROSS-EXAMINATION OF MRS. RACHEL STOWE, Continued. •%■ .^..?i.£^..'^.!^...'..,,,'r■..0^^,.,v<^...,^..^p^ .^, ."j.....fc....:>...f:..?./<'^..'i^.. •»,■> ^^..l.ia...k. .v 11.&UJN j .j,jy_ j^^ Contestee. EVIDENCE OX PART OF CONTESTEE. Session at Marshalltown, Iowa, April 12, 1883. James K. Johnson, sworn. Examined by Judge Bradley. Q. What official-position if-any do-you hold? A. I -am deputy-clerk. Q. Have-you-examined-the naturalization records of-this county? PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT. 171 A. Yes-sir, also all-the-records of naturalization that-have- been Ivept by-the Circuit and-District-Courts. Q. Ilave-you-made-a-memorandum of-whatthese-records sliow concerning-the naturalization of -certain-persons? A. I -have. IMr. -Brown on-part of Contestant objects to-the testimony of- tliis-witness on-tlie-ground tliat-it-is incompetent and-immaterial, tlie-origiual record booiis only being admissible as-evideuce. Q. I-will-ask-your attention to-the declaratory statement made by .James Dunn. State-whether-you ever examined tlie-record of- the naturalization of-such-a-persou, and-if-so, when-did-you find that - it - was - made ? Mr. -Brown on-part of Contestant objects-to-the-question on- the-ground that-it-is Incompetent and-immaterial. The-original books themselves are-the-best evidence, and-the witness should- not-be-allowed to-testify from any-document other-than these- books themselves. A. I-have examined-the-records carefully, aud-find that-there- are two James Dunns. One made-his declaratory statement on-the 28th of July, 1856; the-other made-his declaratory statement on-the I2th of-Dec, 1866. I-also found from-a careful examination of- the naturalization records of-the District and-Circuit-Court Journals from-the-beginning, that-is, fi-om Journal A down to-the time-when-the naturalization records were begun, that-there-is-no record of James Dunn's having-1)een naturalized. Mr. -Brown on-part of Contestant objects-to answer of-witness on-the-ground that-it-is incompetent and-immaterial, sinco-it purports to-be-a statement of-the official records, the-same not- being produced. Q. Then we-understand you as testifying that-there-is-no record of any second-papers ever-having-been issued to any-such- person? A. No-sir. Q. To any James Dunn, or James Dunn, Jr.? A. No-sir. Q. What-do-the records shoAV with-refercnce-to Patrick Dunn? A. On-the 27th of-August, 18G6, Patrick Dunn made-his declar- 172 REPORTIXG STYLE OF SHOUT-HAXD. atory statement, but-tliere-is-no I'ecord of-his ever-having-ljeen naturalized. Mr. -Brown on-part of Contestant moves ihat-the-auswer be- stricken out as incompetent and immaterial, being-the statement of-what-the-records contain, "\vithout-the-same being produced. Q. No-eviden^e at-all? A. No-sir, no:ie Q. Now I-will-ask-your attention to William Broadhead. A. He-filed his declaratory statement on-the Sd of Nov., 1868. There-are-no records of-his subsequent naturalization. Contestant moves to-strike same-as-above. Q. Is-this-the-gentleman known as Uncle Billy Bi'oadhead, who- lives in-the poor-house? A. The-name is-the-same, and-I-suppose it-is-the-same-man. Q. Did-3'ou-find that naturalization papers had-been issued to C. L. Petit-Demauge? — if-so, give-the date. A. On-the 22nd of June, 1882, he-filed his declaratory statement. Contestant moves to-strike same-as-above. Q. Then the-flrst papers are-all-that-you found to-have-beeu issued to-him? A. Yes-sir. Q. Did-you-flnd tliat-any-papers had-been issued to Frank Delaware? A. No-sir, I-did-not. Contestant moves to-strike same-as-above. Q. I-will-ask-you if-you-have gone through these naturalization and-Court-records by-the index, or if-not, how did-you-examiue them? A. I-examined thom Ijoth waj's; first by index, and-then by- looking carefully over each page. Q. State-whether-or-not you-found any record of-the naturali- zation of Edward Willigrod; if-so, what-is-the date of-it? A. I-cau state thc-book aud-the page from-memory. It-is-in Minute Book Number One, page fourteen, of-the records of-the Count5'-Court. The-date is somewhere between 1850-58. Contestant moves to-strike same-as-above. Q. Does-the-record show-that two papers were issued? PROFESSIONAL COXDUCT. 173 A. No-sir, but-the record I-meutiou is-of-the issue of -the second, or official naturalization papers. Q. What Court were-they issued from? A. From-the County-Court, when Wm. C. Smith was judge. Contestant moves to-strike same-as-above. Q. Mr. Johnson, you-say-you have examined these-records from-the beginning, page by page; will-you-please state more specifically as-to-what-records you-refer? A. I-have examined Journals 1, 2 and 3, of-the Circuit-Court of Marshall -County, aud-Journals A, B and C, of-the District-Court. The-remaining records form a-book called First Paper or Declara- tory book. I-examined them all page by page. Q. Are-there more-Journals than this in-the Circuit-Court? A. Yes-sir. Q. How-far does-the third Circuit-Court Journal extend? A. Down-to 1873, when-the-first naturalization record was- begun. Q. And-the District-Court Journal you-have referred-to covered the-same period? A. Yes-sir. Q. Mr. Johnson, will-j^ou-please bring over-the-book contain- ing the-record of-the papers issued to Mr. Willigrod? Witness produces Naturalization Kecord-Book Number 2. Q. Did-you-flnd this-book in-the office and-custody of-the clerk of-the District and-Circuit-Courts of-this-County? A. Yes-sir, it-is-one of-the official recoi'ds, kept in-the office of-the clerk whose deputy I-am. Q. Please state-the title and-character of-the third book you- now have-in-your possession. A. It-is called Minute-Book Number 1, of-the Marshall-County- Court, kept when Wm. C. Smith was judge. Q. Please-turn-to page fourteen and-read the-record contained therein of-the naturalization of Mr. Willigrod. Witness reads : 174 REPORTING STYLE OP SHORT-HAND. United-States-of-America State of Iowa, Marshall-Cou ;nty. j Be-it remembered that-at-a-term of-the Couuty-Court held iu- and-for said-Coimty, State of Iowa, on-the 2(Jth day of-February, iu-the year of-our Lord, 185B, was-present tlie-Houorable "Wm. C. Smith, sole-presiding judge, and ex-officio clerk of -said Court, when-the following among-other proceedings were-had, to wit: Edward Willigrod, a-native of-Gerniauy, and-at-present residing in-said State, appeared in-open Court and-made application to-be admitted to-become a-citizen of-the United-States, aud-it appear- ing to-the satisfaction of-the Court that-he-had declared ou-oath before -the -clerk of-the Marshall-County-Court, two years before- his admission, that-it-was hona-fide his-iutention to-become a- citizen of-the United-States aud-to renounce forever all allegiance to any-other Prince, Potentate, State or Sovereignty whatsoever, aud-especially to-the Kiug-of-Germauy, to whom he-Avas hereto- fore a-subject; and-said applicant having declared on-oath before- this Court that-he will support the Constitution-of-the-Uuited- States, and-that-he doth absolutely and-entirely abjure aud- renounce all-allegiance to any foreign Prince, Potentate, State, or Sovereignty whatsoever, and-particularly to William, reigning King-of-Germauy, to whom he-has hitherto been-a-subject. (Signed) Wm. C. Smith, County Judge. cross-examination. Q. What-is-your official-position in-this-county, Mr. Johnson? A. I-ara deputy County-Clerk. Q. Are-you deputy County-Clerk, or dei)uty County Auditor? A. I-am both at-preseut. Q. When-were-3'ou appointed deputy clerk? A. On-the 10th of-April, '83. Q . Wlien - did-you-make-the-examination of - Court - records which-you-have referred-to? A. Since receiving my appointment. Q. You still retain your position in-the Auditor's office? A. Yes-sir. Q. How much time did-you spend in-making this examination* PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT. 175 A. The-greater portion of-the day and-also most of -the evenings for-two-weeks. Excused. (14 m). 488. Frederick ^ vs. V Rebutting Evidence on part of Contestant. Wilson. J Jas. C. Cochran, sworn. .cr,^-..Jl....^l.:..:.^.^^ ..s.^2.r^..^ ^-^...:.|..V.-..l,.^^ €-.^^....^.-. ,.'"-....Q.../..!>o..-..^.v,'r»^.r?f... l..).c .^. .i.'3,i..tv:>.-^..-:.rr^. ^:^...0:y}^. .ta.S...v<1^,.L,,0^. .^ ' '^ .......•• ....^ c..± Tocabulaiy of "Word and Phrase Signs. A an, and able-to accomplish accord-ing-ly, creature accuracy acknowledge acute, 2 acquit act-of-Congress added, had-it advantage advantageous advertise-ed-ment, bad after, for-it afternoon again-and-again all Almighty already America angel any. In appear appoint are as, has as-has, as-his, as-is, as-soon-as as-it-were as-well-as as-great-as astonish-ed-ment at, out at-all-times !it-any-iate at-ull-its at-it, it-would, it-had at-all-events at-ieugth at-once :it-flrst Baptist be-not, behind because become 12 ^. •...i^ /J I ..j....c-..k_p. f ^ ^ ..T).?K/^Q.Q. /.^ ^^ .....>. 3. T D Qy , r tr^. ^ '-i i-\- /" ~^- \^ V before, oh before-hand begin, 2 begun, 3 began behalf behold, beheld belief-ve belong beneficial benevolence-ent better-than beyond British-America brother, member but by-the-flrst calculate call, equal cannot capable care, occur careful-Iy catholic celestial challenge change chapter character child Christian-ity circulate circumstance collect combination come comfort commandment commencement commercial common, kingdom commonwealth communicate companion comprehend comprise compromise (177; VOCABULARY OF WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. Conception concern concession conclude conclusion condemnation condescend condescension condition conduct confession confidence confidential confirm congratulate congregation congress conjunction connpction conscience consequence consideration consistent consonant constantly Constitution of -the U. S. construction consume contact contain contempt content, contained continaal-ly contrary contrivance controversy convenience convince correct counterchange Court-of-Justice cross-examination cure curious danger dare-not dark, during darkness Dear-sir December di^flrient degree, agree deliberation delight deliver dencminate-ioti deride derivative derive defcrlTJe, scripture description destruction determination determine develop-meut did did-not differ-ed-ence-ent difficulL-y dignity disadvantage disagree disappear disconnect discontent discontinue dissatisfaction do-not doctor doctrine, 3 darken dollar domestic downward during, dark each, wateh each-are each-will-have e'lft-and-west PMsteru. historian VOCABULAKY OF WOUD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. 179 Efficient electric-ity emphatic enlarge equal, call especial-Iy essential-ly establish-ed-ment eternal European ever-and-ever everlasting e very-one examination excliange expect experience explanation expression extemporaneous external extraordinary fact, future failure faithful falsehood familiar fear-of-Gon feature, it-it tirst follow for for-the-most-part for-instance forgive forsaiie, for-the-sake-of forward from from-it, effort full function future, fact save- it general-ly generation U.Q.a... X...P.. Vl...v..^.^.. ...n...>r..frr.. o^;.:^-^' worship would ye, year-s yesterday yer, young young-man young-woman yourself. ADDENDA. Children nevertheless. .../:-^....L..c ■F-^' ■will (noun) ours-truly. NOTE TO THE THIRD EDITION. The author respectfully requests the address of every person into whose hands this volume may come. To every such name circulars descriptive of tlie reporting field, containing also vari- ous matters of interest to the student of Short-hand, will be sent from time to time. After having learned the first lesson, you are kindly asked to write out Exercise 1, and send to the School of Short-hand for examination. It will be corrected and returned without delay. We will cheerfully make any suggestions we are able as to the improvement of your style of writing. i^ early five hundred students, living in all parts of the United States, are now enrolled in the department of postal instruction. Thoroughly prr.ctlcal lessons, both in the art of Stenography and the reporting profession, are given by mail. Theseare received at intervals to suit the student. Young ladies and gentlemen are given letters of introduction, and derive much benefit from the correspondence carried on in Short-hand. The Eeporters' Bureau, managed in connection with the Scliool, seci;res situa- tions for graduates. Please state whether you wish to learn stenography as a business or as an accomplishment. Further information, or copies of the trial lesson pamphlet, will be sent upon applica- tion The " Sign-Book " is a handy little work, containing all the word and phrase contractions arranged alphabetically. The "Manual for Correspondence Students" contains many valua- ble suggestions, and directions for gaining verbatim reporting speed. These books are of convenient size to be carried in the pocket. Price 25 cents each. Reporters^ Bureau, Iowa City, la., Ju7ie, 18S5. £185] STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA SCHOOL OF SHORT- HAND. Full course given in the Reportine Style. Young ladies and gentlemen pre- pared for secretaryships in twelve to eighteen weeks. Sessions continue throughout the year. Students may enter at any time. Classes begin the first week in January, April, July and October. The type-writer is taught by an expert operator. No assistants employed who are not practical reporters. A few of its graduates are referred to: W. A. Shepfer, with Glidden, Griggs & Co., St. Paul, Minn.; Prof. A. A. Ladd, Instructor Cornell College School of Short- Hand, Mt. Vernon, la.; Marion Grayson, Sec'y to Gov. Buren R. Sherman, Des Moines, la. ; Brina Archibald, Stenographer to State Insane Asylum, Lincoln, Neb. ; Jenny Griffiths, with Acme Ins. Co., Des Moines, la.; Myron E. Wheeler, Official Court Reporter, 4th Judicial Dist., Columbus, Neb.; Clay Peters, Sec'y to "Our Home on the Hillside," Dansville, N. Y.; Isaac Bennett, Court Reporter, Carroll- ton, 111.; Ada Gaston, Stenographer to the Union Pacific Ry. Co., Omaha, Neb.; W. H. Martin, C. R. Brown, Stenographers, Davenport, la.; W. I. Earhart, Council Bluffs, la.; Coralie S. Roth, Fred Wright, Omaha, Neb.; Anna Goodell, Otto Burckle, Cedar Rapids, la.; Geo. H. Bain, Ft. Dodge, la.; Lillian Cooley, Bessie Gardner, Nellie Strong, Samuel Stophlet and Will H. Miller, St. Paul, Minn.: W. F. La Bonta, Peru, Ind.; H. W. Seaman, Clinton, la.; Addie Rayhouser, Frank Olds, Ft. Wayne, Ind.; R. B. Williams, Denison, la.; Nellie V. Hutchinson, Addie Dickey, F. A. Remley, Iowa City, la.; Lide Cameron, Topeka, Kan.; F. L. White, Kansas City, Mo.; H. C. Truesdale, Minneapolis, Minn.; Kenny Landis, Logans- port, Ind. THE REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. The very latest and most improved text-book of stenography. The Reporting Style of the American Pitman System is taught, the method now employed by nine-tenths of the professional reporters. The subject is so clearly and logically presented that no one can fail to understand it. This work unquestionably pos- sesses the following points of superiority: 1. The Corresponding Style is discarded, which greatly facilitates the ac- quirement of the art. 2. The learner is instructed how to execute the characters rapidly, and given such assistance as will enable him to become practicaUy efficient. 3. No word is introduced until every principle has been explained upon which the formation of its most approved outline depends. 4. The course of instruction is distinctively progressive, and every lesson accompanied with appropriate reading and writing exercises. , 5. Word and phrase signs are introduced early in the course. 6. A series of lessons are added on professional reporting, such as are found in no other text-book ir)uit€iter. Price, in cloth, 11.50. Stenographic Practice Book, 25 cents. PERFECTED METHOD OF POSTAL STENOGRAPHY. By the aid of this Course of Lessons students in all parts of the United States are successfully acquiring the art. The only complete method of postal instruction ever devised. Some of the features which recommend it are: 1. A system of writing can be taught by mail far more successfully than any other art or science. 2. The student runs no risk — is not obliged to leave home or give up his busi- ness. 3. Lessons are received at whatever intervals are most convenient. 4. Corrected exercises are invariably sent back by return mail. 5. Lessons are carrisd in the pockst and learned at leisure moments. 6. Traveling does not interfere in the least with this method of taac'.iing. 7. Short-hand is best learned by devoting to it only a fraction of one's time daily, a plan suited to tlie convenience of busy people, who have most occasion to use a brief system of writing. 8. Students are re luired to write and read the exercises with gradually increased speed. This is the only certain way of gaining proficiency in a short space of time. 9. Not only is the art thoroughly taught, but full directions are given as to its use in the business of Amanuensis, Court, and Legislative reporting, etc. 10. The intelligent student can as certainly learn by this means as by attend- ing a college, and with but a fraction of the expense. Specimen Lessons Free on Trial. THE SHORT-HAND CORRESPONDENT. A monthly journal devoted to the interests of students and reporters. Per annum, 50 cents. THE REPORTERS' BUREAU. ^^^~ Situations secured for competent Short-hand writers. Eldon Moran, verbatim reporter, assisted by an able corps of stenographers, will make reports in any state or territory of conventions, speeches, lectures, law- suits, referred cases, depositions, debates, etc. Will respond on short notice to orders by mail or telegraph. All transcripts printed. Correspondence solicited. STENOGRAPHIC SJPPLY AGENCY. All styles of Type Writers, ribbons, duplicate paper, note books, gold reporting pens, etc., etc., kept constantly on hand. All communications should be addressed to ELDON MORAN, Principal Instructor, Iowa City, Ijwa. COMMENDATIONS. THE "reporting STYLE." A thoroughly practical Instruction book.-^ Home and School Visitor, Green- field, Ind. This is a brief, simple and satlsfacttry treatise. — School Bulletin, Syracuse, New York. In many respects the best work on Phonography that has appeared for several years. — D. P. Lindsley, Inventor of Takigraphy. A complete and systematic treatise on Stenography and the reporting business. — The Teacher, Philadelphia, Pa. Contains all that is of value in qualifying the learner for practical reporting- — The Normal Teacher, Danville, Ind. This book teaches the Pitman style of reporting direct, discarding the corre- sponding style. It is a briaf, simple and satisfactory treatise. — State Educa- tional Journal. Syracuse N. Y. INSTRUCTION BY MAIL. The most efficient method extant of gaining a practical knowledge of short- hand. I speak from experience. — U. G. Morrow, Stenographer, Milan, Mo. I have mastered short-hand in six months, taking lessons by mail. I have thus acquired a paying business at leisure hours that otherwise would have been wasted. — W. H. Jenkins, Swan Lake, la. While trying to learn Dy means of self-instruction, I went astray a thousand times. I and this method entirely satisfactory, and especially serviceable to me, as 1 am allowed to receive lessons slowly at times when pressed with other work —Rev. W. C. Madison, Dubuque, la. I do not see how it would be possible to make the Course more complete or in- teresting. I find the lessons entirely satisfactory, and sincerely believe that any person can become a proficient stenographer by this means, if he is capable of learning at all. — T.J. Rollman, Superintendent Public Schools, Brookvi'le, Kansas.] B> means of this plan I have been able to learn short-hand, devoting to it only my leisure moments. I cannot recommend it too highly. — HATTIK Lewis, Sten ograpner to the Homestead Pub. Co., Des Moines, la. I can now write very rapidly, and what is equally Important, read what is writ- ten. I learned entirely by mail, and at a trifling expense. Prof. Moran's scheme of postal instruction is simply unparalleled — nothing could be better. I have examined various text books, but his instruction book on the Reporting Style, [188] which is the basis of this p!in, i; th3 most free from useless matter, clearest, the most concise, and best arranged of alJ.— Cyecjs L. Phelps, Stenographer, Mar- shdlltown, la. A systematized series of lessons that will no doubt prove very acceptable to both instractors and pupils as ii text-book, and will be found particularly useful to those who are undergoing a course of self-instruction. — Chicago Evening JO0UNAL. The character of the work is aptly described by its title, and it possesses the great merit of clearly presenting the reporting style of the American Pitman System, divested of that useless appendage, the Corresponding Style, so-called The direct result of this is a saving of at least half the labor commonly spent in learning the art. - S. W. Journal of Education. The systemfl and methods of teaching Short hand have been greatly improved lately, and it is not strange to find in this book concise and logical instruction for learning the art. The mechanical execution of the book is excellent. — DAVENPORT Gazette. This is a very complete text-book of Pitman's System of Short-hand rearranged aad presented in an excellent manner, the principal features of which are the introduction of position, word signs and phrasing in the early part of the study, making but oue style of writing, and omitting what is called the corresponding style. The book ia worth a careful perusal by all short-handers, especially the lessons on the snb.iect of amanuensis, convention and law reporting, which contain many valuable suggesti.ns and forms — Short-hand News, Chicago, Ills. It has several features of superiority. The autfior's aim has evidently been to produce a thoroughly practical instruction book. — TEE School Journajl, New York. The progress of every new science is impeded by the necessity of leamint; its principles from crude and unmethodic insiruction books. Short-hand has had to contend with this disadvantage. But the system and methods of teaching are being constantly Improved, and a concise and logically arranged instruction book cannot but be weic imed by the public. No word is introduced until every princi- ple has been explained upon which the formation of its approved outline de- pends. Word and phrase signs are given early in the course, which enables the student to use Short-hand to advantage in taking notes as soon as half a dozen lessons are learned.— Christian-Evangelist, St. Louis, Mo By a nicely graduated time schedule, a series of printed and engraved exercises are required to be written and read with constantly increased speed. Since facility in executing the characters is more difficult to acquire than the theory, the ad- vantage of beginning to "get up speed " early in the course becomes apparent. A series of lessons are added on Professional Reporiing, such as are f^jund in no other text book whatever. These contain practical hints to young reporters and abundant explanations of the methods made use of in performing the work of an amanuensis, or in reporting speech's, conventions, and legislative and court proceedingB.— Christian Standard, Cincinnati. [189] Prof. Eldon Moran, the principal instrjctor in the St:;".: University of Iowa School of Short-hand, has lately issued a very practical book, which embodies the resv.!t of kiD experience in teaching the system of Pitman Phonosraphy in Its simplicity, wliile at the same time it takf^s a stand directly on those abbrevia- tions and shortenings necessary to rapid writing. — Daily Commonwealth, To- pel^a, Ka:isus. The plan cf some recent writers of incorporating a number of hooks and croolis of t-eir own manufacture for the sake of mere novelty, is not adopted, but the general uniformity of the system is maintained. Ti.is work is designed es- pecially as a Self-Instructor, and is beyond all question far superior to any other of the kind published. The rules and explanations are concise and to the point, and its pages are not lumbered with unnecessary matter.— Daily Republican, Iowa City KANSAS State IIistorical Society, I TOPEKA, July 25, 1884. f Prof. Eldon moran. State University of lowar My Dear Sir: — I am pleased with your plan of instruction and am making some test of it. It does away with long forms, afterwards to be unlearned, which will result In the saving of much labor in learning the art. I have written phonogra- phy for more than thirty years; was in the class with Elias Longley when he took his first lessons, E. Webster, instructor. Yours truly, F. G. Adams, Librarian. I admire your work exceedingly. It is not so voluminous as most Short-banc books, although containing all the rules known to the art; and it is so cunningly arranged that it cannot help but please one. In all, it is the best work of the kind I have ever seen. R. E Williams, Stenographer to Conner & Shaw, Denison, Iowa. The lessons are so clearly and simply explained that a teacher is almost unnec- essary except to dictate for rapid work. The fact that each exercise is timed fur- nishes an incentive to thorough work, and to guard against the danger of simply drawing the outlines, which leaves all the practical part of the science to be ac- quired after the theoretical is learned. It seems to me a pupil could hardly get "off the track" while using this text-book. I take pleasure in recommending it to all I meet who intend studying phonography. MARION C. Grayson, Stenographic Secretary to Gov. Sherman. Des Moines, Iowa. Since its publication in 1884, this work has been adopted as the standard text book in teaching classes in the following named institutions: Drake University, Des Moines, la.; Michigan University, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Iowa College, Grinnell, la.; Coe College, Cedar Rapids, la.; Bowen's Business College, Jennings' Business College, and the Capital City Commercial College, Des Moines, la.; Iowa State University, Iowa City, la. ; Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, la.; Orchard City Busi- ness College, Burlington, la.; Evening School, Boston, Mass.; Lincoln (Neb.) Commercial College; Collegiate Institute, Wilton, la.; State Industrial School, Eldora, la., and nearly twenty other schools. [190] CORRESPONDENCE CLASSES. 1 These are formed and conducted in the following manner: A. number o students who live in the same locality, and begin the study all at one time, meet together at appointed hours with an older and more advanced student, who serves as leader or dictation drill master. The object of these meetings is to keep alive an enthusiastic interest in the work, and to secure intelligent and systemat c practice in writing and reading. Each student receives personal lessons from the School, with which he maintains the same connection as other correspondence students. The class meets one evening each week, and the recitation occupies one hour and a half. These classes range in s'ze from five to thirty members, and are organized in towns and village < in all parts of the United States. To secure thorough prepara- tion on the part of the leader, he is given special instruction in both the theory and practice of this art-science. He is also provided with a set ef full, printed directions, and all needed information to guide him in the work of giving perfect dictation drills. By this means his own knowledge of the principles and signs of the system becomes more firmly fixed, and his skill in executing and translating the characters is increased. As Stenography Is comparatively a new study, the progr< ss of the class will be regarded by the public with considerable interest, and its successful leadership will tend to increase the reputation, social and business standing of whomsoever performs this wo:k. It is the purpose of this Institution to form Correspondence Classes in all cities and towns in which good facilities for instruction are not already provided. 'Those desiring to be appointed leaders should write at once. Thd person first ap- plying, if thoroughly competent and responsible, will receive the appointment We will famish full directions how to proceed, and how to present the matter to the public in such a way as to secure as large a membership as possible. A cert 'in amount of judgment and skill is needed by the leader, and persons only who are rendered competent by intelligence and education will be appointed. Liberal terms are offered to those who are properly qualified. Circulars contain- ing full information will be sent upon application. Nearly thirty such classes are now in successful operation, and many others are in process of organization. The work of the leader in forming and conduct- ing such a class need not interfere seriously with his usual business or occupa- tion. Any other information which may be requested concerning the course of in- struction, or the business of stenographic reponing, will be cheerfully given. Address, SCHOOL OF SHORT-HAND, Iowa City, Iowa. [1911 —24— THE REPORTERS' BUREAU Assists graduates in obtaining suitable situations. The manaKCr is often able to secure a position in whatever local- ity the student wishes to live. This Bureau was established for the sole purpose of assisting the students whom we our- selves instruct, and for whose qualifications we can vouch. Since we present the names of our own students only, whose skill we are able to certify to, business men give credit to our recommendations, and often employ our graduates cut- right without the preliminary trial month. Young men and women who have taken this Course are now occupying lucrative situations in all the principal cities. A few of the employers of our graduates are referred to: Governor Buren R. Sherman, Des Moines, Iowa. Judge Norval, District Court, Columbus, Neb. Dr. J as. C. Jackson, Superintendent "Home on the Hill- side," Dansville, N. Y. C. H. Bigelow, Pres. Fire and Marine Ins. Co., St. Paul, Minn. Geo. W. Crane & Co., Topeka, Kan. Wright, Cummins & Wright, Des Moines, Iowa, N. G. Olds & Co., Ft. Wayne, Ind. GUdden, Griggs & Co., St. Paul, Minn. C. Tower, Jr., Pres. Duluth & Iron Range Ry., Duluth, Minn. Davison & Lane, Davenport, Iowa. Dyer & Howard, St. Paul. Minn. W. S. Wing, Auditor Pass. Accts., TJ. P. Ry., Omaha, Neb. Henderson, Hurd & Daniels, Dubuque, Iowa. J. B. Utt, Gen. Frt. Agt., B. C. R. & N. Ry., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-25w-9,'47(A5618)444 m. ■0«,?«!sA LOS ANGEL£S UBRARY Mi.yi. Z^6 Moran- 1.17 93 r The reporting ;^ 188:^ at:yl o of shor t-'^ hand. UCLA-Young Research Library Z56 .M793r 1885 yr L 009 568 888 Z56 1885