^vvWV-*V - l< "/ ^^-v>;; ../: JACK, HOST M. BE TOTT, Publisliai; Wo. 33 ROSE STREET. WILL B ISSUED OCTOBER 15th, 1875, DE WITT'S SCHOOL SPEAKERS, No, THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SPEAKER A selectio This book is a series. The obj able forrecitati< to give such pie< elegance of expi ing ones, giving to blend inforn original pieces tions ; the entii publication. J? ^ For sale receipt of price, P. S. DE WI TH: WEE E: Plainly showing nflexions inlngcfri different Also cont e Porn This .h appro approp r tlie T V* tation in i No. 1 of t every kind si t has been tafc and force a >any very am he intent bei A number ,dmirable sel<- to any simi 1 Y address uj ' treet, N, Y, ER. TEF the Face, and ' . -lot io Speeche : he Stage, tho t edit , _ , B *S^ tents. 'cr Sale by all Newsdealers ; or sent, POST PAID, to any address, upon receipt of price , a'oovo, by ROBERT M. DE WITT, Publisher, 33 Hose Street, N "S FREE mREE!! FREE!!! *3- An immense Descriptive Catalogue of the BEST NOVELS, the BEST SONG BOOKS, the BEST MUSIC and the BEST FLAYS, mailed free upon application to R. M. DE WITT, PvMteher of "e WUCs Base Ball Guide," Noo 33 Rose St., " When 1 looked again, and lo ! the palefaces were following them- a great multitude with flaming to. ches driving the red men, with then sqnnws and papposses " Movoc JACK. Pago 72. MODOC JACK: OR, THE LION OF THE LAVA BEDS. BY CAPT. SETH IIARDJNGE, Author of " Catamount <7m'' " The Llazcd Path," &c. t &c. N E W - Y O R K : ROBERT M. DE \VITT, PUBLISHER, NO. 33 ROSE STREET. (Between Duane and Frankfort Streets.) Entered according 10 Act of Congress, in the ye.ir 1873, by ROBERT M. DE WITT, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress. DE WITT'S Hand-Books for the People. DE WITT'S PERFECT ORATOR. 200 pages, I2mo. Bound in boards, 50 cents ; cloth, 75 cents. WEBSTER'S RECITER ; OR, ELOCUTION MADE EASY. 200 pages, I2mo. Bound in I cards, 50 cents ; cloth, 75 cents. 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Bound in boards, 50 cents ; cloth, 75 cents. CHADWICK'S AMERICAN CRICKET MANUAL AND GAME OF LA CROSSE. 200 pages, I2mo. Bound inj boards, 50 cents ; cloth, 75 cents. The above list of books are emphatically the very best of their class that ;&ave ever been published. The editing, printing, and binding are all of the highest style of excellence, while the price is so low as to place them within, the reach of all. PUBLISHED BY ROBERT M. DE WITT, NEW YORK. flgp Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United State* on receipt of Price. M-9 < QfJ UeftAJttC MODOC JACK, CHAPTER I. THE OLD RUINS. THE California Indians have always been a peculiar class. Savages are not all alike. For instance, what a vast difference there is between the natfves of the Sand- wich Isles and those of New Zealand ! Fifty years ago, there were small settlements, call- ed cities, on the coast of California. These cities might have contained from one hundred to five hundred inhabitants. Walls were built around these little cities to protect the inhabitants from the Indians who sometimes de- , scended from the mountains and killed all who came within reach. The civilized inhabitants were Spaniards, although a sprinkling of Englishmen, American, Irish, and Scotch was among them ; but these were, for the most part transient persons. Santa Barbara was a little city about as large as an ordinary square in one of our Atlantic towns; though 1 MODOC JACK. there were several tenements outside of the walls, the inmates of which were always well armed. In the year 1824, the savages made an irruption from the mountains and killed a number of persons, among others a stout Englishman who had resided at Santa- Barbara a number of years. His fate was remarkable on account of the great number of Indians that he killed before the fatal ar row pieced his heart. It was long after the occurrence of this event when a singular meeting took place upon a hill not more than a hundred yards from the sea shore, and a quarter of a mile from the walls of the little city. On this hill, was the old ruin of what seemed to have been a castle in the olden time, although it hardly seemed to have deserved that name. On ascending the long hill, and approaching the ruin, a sense of loneliness and desolation stole over the spirits of the pedestrian, which was not a little in- creased by the fact that the moles, or field-mice, came boldly out of their burrows as if to withstand the pas- ser-by who had invaled " their ancient, solitary reign." It was certainly an evidence that few persons had ever visited the ruin on the hill. The ruin was entered by a wide door-way on the sido opposite the sea-shore; and the explorer was a little surprised to discover that the rooms on the first floor were more entire than the tumble-down appearance of the walls had, at first, led him to suppose. The rooms were spacious and very high, the floor was square flags large and smooth. But, that was all. MODOC JACK. 11 Not even a stone or a piece of paper, or any evidence that the place had once been inhabited remained. In one corner was a heap of rubbish piled up by the winds, which had free access to the old edifice, and which had heaped up dust and leaves sufficient to afford a bed for any forlorn wretch who might have strayed to those lonely precincts. At the moment when our scene opens, however, the place was not entirely desolate. A faint foot-fall might have been heard by any one standing in the vestibule, and then an object appeared in the large entrance room which was not calculated to reassure a timid adventurer. The apparition which presented itself was a tall and very slender Indian woman, who seemed to be past middle age ; and, yet, on narrowly observing her countenance it would have a trace, a discrimination that sorrow had added several years to her life which time had never contersigned. Her features were strong, intellect her eyes were very bright and piercing, but deep-seated soon spoke in every lineament of her countenance. This singular combination in the expression of her countenance was calculatsd to produce a nameless ter- ror somewhat similar to that which one feels when awaking, with a shiver, from a nightmare dream. This lonely woman in that lonely place wore nothing but a tattered shawl which was thrown over her shoul- ders, one point hanging down in front as low as her knees. She walked from an inner room into the larger ap- partment, like a stalking ghost, as if she felt herself cut off from all communion with her kind. 12 MODOC JACK. Still, she listened very attentively as if expecting to hear some other sound than the echo of her own. footsteps. After she paused and turned up one ear to catch the expectant sound, aud often she glanced towards tho door way with an air of anxiety unmixed with dread. But, she did not attempt to approach the place of entrance. At length, she paused. She stood like a statue in the very centre of the apartment, as motionless as if chiselled from stone. Thus she stook a considerable time; but, after-long waiting, she gave a little start, and a slight flush came to her cheek. She walked slowly towards the door, and her dark eyes seemed to emit sparks of fire as a short figure entered the apartment so bundled up with clothing that it was impossible to determine his age and race. The woman pointed towards the inner apartment from which she had emerged when first introduced to our readers. The new comer went as directed and the woman followed him. The room in which these two individuals found themselves was about half as large as the one which they had left, and presented the same appearance of nakedness and desolation. The new coiner threw off the greater part of his clothing and drew a long breath, as if glad to be deliv- ered from the incumbrance. When they disrobed the long-expected one presented the appearance of an Indian boy some fourteen or fif- teen years of age. MODOC JACK. 13 It was easy to trace on the features of this youth a striking resemblance to the female in whose presence he stood. The piercing eyes, the lowering brow everything but the expression of grief was there. Still, there was upon the juvenile countenance a peculiar pensiveness, such has been said by the supersti- tious, to foreshadow a violent death. One observes that sad expression in the portraits of Charles I. who perished beneath the axe at Whitehall; while, notwith- standing all his great vicissitudes of fortune, there is no such expression on the features of Napoleon the Great. But, it would not, at this time, have been able to catch the ominous shadow on the mobile features of our young Indian. He looked up in his mother's facef ull of animation, hope, and confidence ; but, not until she had first ad- dressed him did he presume to speak. " What tidings brings the son of the Bright Feather to her of the desolate soul ?" demanded she, in the Indian tongue. ' 1 have seen him/' answered the Indian boy, joy- ously. * Trembling in every joint, the Indian woman passion- ately exclaimed, " Seen him /" Then, after a slight pause, " And he is not here and thou livest !" The two last words were uttered with a depth of scorn, mingled with anguish, which no pen can de- scribe. "Mother! mother!" shrieked the stripling; "cast 14 MODOC JACK, me not from you thus. Surrounded by a host ol armed men, what could my puny arm achieve? But, mother, the time will come when the Son of Bright Feather will avenge his father's wrongs, when he will ' drink the blood of the palefaces as the hunted deer laps the waters of Nondagura when the sun looks down from the top of the sky mountains." " Swear it !*' uttered the woman in a voice deep, sepulchral, and dreadful in its calmness. The Indian boy slowly and reverently sank upon one knee, and with one hand raised to heaven, he exclaimed in a tone not so deep and calm, but as earnest as that in which his mother had spoken : " May my name be a scorn and a reproach, the scoff of the yonng damsels at the corn dance, a spell for evil spirits, and may I die the death of a dog if I speak true words to the white man, it ever I keep truce with the palefaces, if ever I lose an opportunity to cleave their hearts and to wear their scalps at my girdle." Slowly and silently, the woman passed her hand over the head of the kneeling boy, until feeling that he was forgiven, he rose to his feet, and stood with bowed head before his mother. After eyeing her son a considerable time in silence. ; the woman once more opened her lips. "And none suspected you]" demanded she, " No, the disguise was too complete." " Then, we may remain here till an opportunity comes to deliver the captive from the hands of the be trayer." " I heard them talk, mother," said the lad. MODOC JACK. 15 " And what said they ?" " They said they were going to civilize him to make him a Christian." The Indian woman's tall, dark and slender form moved, almost spasmodically, a few paces towards the outlet of the room, and a sound like suffocation pro- ceeded from her chest. But, instantly, becoming perfectly calm, she stood thoughtfully with folded arms and bowed head a' la Nopoleon. She then spoke in her ordinary tone, like any woman addressing her own child ; of course in the Indian tongue : " Mahalala," said she ; " you are the son of B/ight Feather the successor of a great chief. You are old enough to begin to understand the world, to see through the guile of the palefaces and to learn the policy of your own people. " Mahalala, when the whites prate in your ears about their civilization, they use the word Christian as the Indian brave uses the hide of an animal, in which he envelopes himself, when he goes to attack or to spy upon his enemy." "Under this robe of Christianity, they conceal their purpose their steady undeviating purpose to rob us of our lands and then deprive us of our lives." Here the lad interrupted the speaker by pronounc- ing the word " Miquon !" "Ah!" exclaimed the woman, with a start, as if suddenly aroused from slumber; " you have not for- gotten. It is well to remember; but not now. " Miquon ! it is a vision of the distant past : it is a 16 MODOC JACK. tale brought to our ears from the strong men who dwell by the side of the great waters. That Penn was greater than the sword than the long knives of the palefaces ; he came not with peace in one hand and the sword in the other. He trusted our fathers and Ithey trusted him. He came not with two faces and a double tongue, one speaking threatening of veng, ance and the other professing peace and good will." " But my son the son of Bright Feather speak not his name in those evil times. He and those who were led over the wide waters by the Great Spirit had nothing in common with the creatures whom we deal with in these evil days." <; The palefaces of to-day come to us with forked tongues like the serpent; they long for the time when the red men will be crowded into the great waters of the West, when the last Indian will have been swept from the earth, that they may steal our hunting-grounds, and tear open the graves of our fathers with their plough-shares." The woman continued speaking in this strain for a considerable time, and ended by telling her son that they must contrive some way to release Bright Feather. " We have come over the mountains we have sailed the rivers we have traveled hundreds of miles i in search of your father ; and now that we have found i where he is secreted, we will not leave the ground, alive, without him." Mahalala then produced a fowl and some large brown beans, with which the mother and son broke their Lst. HO DOC JACK. 1? The sun went down upon Santa Barbara, the old ruin was wrapt in gloom, and no one dreamed that in th.-t dark pile standing up in the moonlight were con- cealed two individuals more dangerous to the lives and property of the citizens than a score of ordinary felons. CHAPTER II. DETECTION. On the next morning, the yonng Mahalala bade ad ion to his mother, whom he left to her lonely watch- ings, and set out once more upon his dangerous adven- turers to the walled city. He was so muffled up as to present to view only his eyes and the tip of his nose. This gave him a ludicrous appearance in the e} r es of some sailors who belonged to a ship that lay at anchor within the distance of a quarter of a mile from the shore. They mistook the young Indian boy for a little old man, and they began to push and haul him about, when they discovered the superabundance of clothing in which he was enveloped. After cracking a great many jokes at his expence, the snilors began stripping & off his dress, and then they perceived that he was only!' a boy and an Indian at that. They regarded it as a suspicious circumstance that this young Indian boy should be disguised in that manner, especially as they had heard of the inroads upon the inhabitants which were occasionally made by the savages who dwelt among the mountains. The sailors fell to questioning Mahalala. 18 MODOC JACK. They asked him his name where he came from and what he was doing there. The boy could generally make himself understood in English and Spanish, in so far as signifying his wants was concerned, when he wanted bread, he could say ' bread," and when he wanted water, he could say " water ;" but to explain the object of his present mission in Santa Barbara was beyond the compass of his limited knowledge of the English tongue. Mahalala knew an Englishman or an American from a Spaniard, and would have felt perfectly safe in re- vealing to these sailors the whole history of his father and himself. He believed that they would sympathize with him ; and, in his juvenile simplicity, he would have hoped for their aid in delivering the Bright Feather from bondage. But, in answer to the questions of the seamen, as they stood upon the plains before the city, he could only point towards the walls and utter the word " father," accompanied with gestures that implied chains and captivity. The sailors comprehended the word father without difficulty, but they were wholly misled by his gestures. "Aha ! blast me !" cried a stout mariner, whose foul-anchor buttons denoted an old man-o'war's-man of the British navy ; " I thought so. His father is in the plot. This is a young decoy duck ; the old uns are playing Bob-in-the-box. They'll break water after the night-watch is set, and come down from the hills like a whole clan of Highlanders " " Bosh !" cried a slender young man ; "this is noth- ing but a stray lad hunting after his father. Let MODOC JACK. 19 him keep with us, and we'll make inquiries for him directly we get to yon goose pen that they call a city," This view of the case found few converts ; the ma- jority coincided with the first speaker, and saw the necessity of making a prisoner of the young Indian, who, being disguised, they held, must necessarily be a B P7- * Mahalala had keenly watched the countenances of the several speakers, and had gleaned enough, from their words and looks, to discover that his liberty was in danger. Therefore, while pretending to be perfectly ignorant of what was passing before him, he watched his oppor- tunity, and when he imagined that the sailors were off their guard, he sprang away from them and ran, with his utmost speed, in the direction of the mountains. He had secured a good start before the seamen per- ceived his intention. They gave chase, but in such an irregular and devi- ous manner not being accustomed to land travel that Mahalala made his escape with ease, while such natives as witnessed the chase from a distance, supposed it was only a lark among sailors, and paid no attention to it. When the young Indian had got beyond the inhabi- ted district, and found 'himself among the groves and dingles, be paused as if uncertain whether to continue his route or return to apprize his mother of what had taken place. No doubt, the sailors would teli every one thoy met that an attack was meditated on the town by the In- dinns, and that a young scout had already been detect- ed and had made his escape. 20 MO DOC JACK. Mahalala knew that well. Yet he could not con- template leaving his mother in Jhe lurch. He believed that by taking a circuitous course, he could reach the ruin or hill without being seen by any of the native Spaniards. Accordingly, he struck off in such a direction as to carry him far on the laud side of the little city. He had gone about a mile, and was cheering himself with the thought of reaching his mother before dark, when two men, in the dress of ^Spaniards suddenly emerged from a clump of bushes, and encountered the young fugitive face to face. Both these Spaniards were armed with guns and long knives. Every Indian in that region was regarded as an enemy ; and, the Spaniards at once levelled their pieces at Mahalala ; but, observing his extreme youth, one of them lowered his piece and said to the other, ' Pugh ! nothing but a child." o " He will grow bigger if we let him live," replied the other, still showing a disposition to fire. But, the first speaker shook his head, and insisted that the lad should not be hurt. " At least, then," said the other ; " we'll make a prisoner of him, so that the young heathen may be baptized and brought up a Christian." His companion reluctantly consented to the compro- mise proposed ; and, forthwith, the twain approached the Indian boy for the purpose of laying their hands upon him. Their purpose was not so easily carried into effect as they had anticipated. The young lad suddenly drew MODOC JACK. 21 a dagger from the folds of his dress, and kept them both at bay. " Surrender, and you shall not be harmed," said one of the Spaniards. " L will save us the trouble of shooting you," added ^ the other, aiming his piece at the heart of Mahalala. He hai pretended that he was about to give himself up ; and, having thus thrown the Spaniards off their guard, he plunged into a neighboring thicket. One of the men discharged his piece at the fugitive, and the ball grazed the fleshy part of his arm. The lad continued his flight, but the two Spaniards, being determined to apprehend him now that they knew he was armed, raised the hue and cry, which was heard by several Spaniards who were hovering around a large pot in which pieces of meat were boiling. The women who superintended the culinary depart- ment, insisted that the men should go out and see what was the matter. The latter would much rather have broken their fast, and they delayed to go forth so long that Hahalala had nearly reached the embowered old barrack before they sallied into the open air. The Indian had perceived too late that, in his blind flight, he had approached a nest of his enemies. Three men broke from the covert just in time for Mahalala to run into their arms. His two pursuers came up at about the same moment, and halloed to the captors of the boy to hold fast to the prize. Mahalala struggled and kicked in vain. The five men were, altogether, too much for him, and he was 22 * MODOC JACK, soon tied hand and foot by ropes made of bullocks' hides. Mahalala was taken into the ranche ; and, at first sight, the women took a great fancy to him. This saved him from harm, as one of the first two Spaniards was loud in his censures of the lad who had .drawn a dagger on him, and who came near inflicting an ugly wound upon his wrist, when he undertook to seize him. The question, therefore, came up, " what shall we do with the prisoner ?" Some were for taking him to the city to be civilized and christianized. That is to say, bound with chains and made to bear burdens till they agreed to be chris- tians. Therefore, the conversion of these Indian captives was, generally, effected in a few months ; and, they re- mained converted till they got an opportunity to escape and fly to the mountains, where they joined their old associates and were prepared to lead marauding parties, inasmuch as they had become acquainted with the to- pography of the white settlement, and knew whereto strike the foe better than those who had never been captured. But, the women interposed so clamorously that the nobler sex were obliged to listen to them. They declared it was a pity that so fine a lad should be transformed into a beast of burden, and insisted that he was too young to be made a Christain of. " Perhaps you are willing to be at the charge of clothing and feeding him?" demanded one of the Spaniards, angrily. MODOC JACK 23 " No," returned the lady of the house ; " that is un- necessary." " Then, you will let him go back to the mountains and join the murderers who come upon us, every year, to take our property, and our lives." " No," answered the woman ; " but Senora Valma- seda wants a house servant, and we will send him there by Phillippa Gonzalo when he goes with his mules, next month." " And the Senora will thank you for your pains !" cried the Spaniard, scornfully; and, so saying he drew a long knife from his leggings, and approached the young Indian with a sinister gesture. '* Misericordia ! quartel porel amor de Dies /" shrieked the women, throwing themselves between Mahalala and the uplifted knife. Whether the Spaniard really intended to kill the lad or not will never be positively known ; but it was evident that the latter thought his life in danger; for, he drew his dagger as quick as lightning, and stood on the defensive, with flashing eyes, and undaunted as- pect. The men seemed to be highly amused at this chivalric display under difficulties; and he was left un- molested several days. But, every attempt that Mahalala made to escape and return to his mother was frustrated by the watch- ful Spaniard, until the proper time came for packing him off to San Jose where the Senora Tnlmadesa re- sided in grand style. He was fallen upon while asleep an 3 tied, hand and 24 MODOC JACK. foot ; he awoke during the operation, but too late to fret? himself. When he found that he could do nothing to extricate himself, the lad became moodily silent. Phillippa was charged to convey him to San Jose, and deliver him up to the Senora. During the whole journey, Mahalala spoke not a word, though Phillippa was well disposed towards the boy, and endeavored to engage him in conversation. At length, appeared in sight the bright foliage which surrounded the mansion of the Senora Valmadesa : the orange trees, the lemons, the forest of flowers, and the graveled walks, and the long, shady avenues. Phillippa drove through an arched passage into the centre court,for the four sides of the house enclosed an area about eighty feet square. Into this central yard or court, the carriage was driven, and the lady sent a servant to get the news from Phillippa. When the Senora learned that a house servant had been brought to her, she commanded that Phillippa should bring him into her presence. Accordingly, Phillippa Jed Mahalala into a high, splendid apartment adorned in princely style, and pre- sented him to the lady. She cried out, at once, that he was too young for her purpose ; and, she also said she doubted her ability to make him serviceable, as he seemed ill-disposed to tarry with her. But, the Senora added that she knew of an English lady living near the sea-shore who wanted a boy ; and, perhaps, he would be better suited there. Phillippa was mortified at this reception ; but, he MODOC JACK. 25 hid his chagrin as well as he was ab,e, ana roae over to the house of the Lady Winterton, with his charge, hav- ing with him two assistants, so fearful was he that the Indian boy would make his escape in spite of all that he could do. Lady Winterton lived at her husband's pretty villa, within sight of the surf that whitened the California!! shores. With her were two daughters, Penelope and Angela. Penelope, the eldest, was 19 years of age, rather a- bove the middling height, well formed ; with jet black eyes and hair, and a very clear and dark complexion. Angela, seventeen years of age, was, on the contrary very fair, with large, soft blue eyes and a profusion of flaxen hair which hung in natural ringlets about her neck and temples. The young Indian boy was introduced to Mrs. Win- terton and her two daughters by Phillippa. The lady, in few words, said that she thought Maha- lala would answ r er her purpose ; while the two girls, though they said nothing, showed by their looks, that they thought him handsome. Phillippa was at a stand ; he did not want to dis- parage his charge; and, yet, he felt that it was hardly fair to leave the lady without warning her that the lad would escape on the first opportunity. Phillippa took a middle course, and simply suggest- ed that some boys would run away, and that she had better keep watch of Mahalala until he had become ac- customed to his new mode of life. " I don't think he will want to leave us," said the ludy ; " our treatment of himwill not be harsh, and the 26 MODOC JACK. services which he will have to perform are not onerous." Phillippa made his best bow and departed, heartily glad to get rid of the troublesome boy. As soon as Phillippa had withdrawn, Lady Winter- ton called Mahalala to her side, and, pointing out her two girls to him, asked him which of the two he liked best. Without the least hesitation, he nodded towards An- gela, and answered " thac one." Angela was too amiable to triumph over her sister, but, Mahalala had made an enemy of Penelope forever. The black eyes flashed, and, with a curl of her red lip, she said scornfully : " I congratulate Angela on her conquest." The mother only smiled, when Penelope resumed : ''Is this young savage to be an inmafe of the drawing- room 1 ' " HJ will not stay with us long, certainly, if you speak of him thus," replied the lady ; " as he shows a preference for Angela, 1 think of Jetting him wait upon her for the present. You will see that none of the ser- vants molest him. To judge by the expression of his countenance, he is not so much of a savage as you would have us to believe." " Do you know who made you ?" demanded she; " have you ever been instructed in the catechism of a Christian Church'?" Mahalala understood, by these questions, that the lady wanted to know whether he was a Christian or not, and he quickly replied : " No Christian. Christian steal land, Christian steal MODOC JACK. 27 my father. Christian kill all the red men and steal all their land." Penelope glanced at her sister, as she murmured : " you are likely to have a gay time with your portege. I wish you much joy, Angela." Angela prepared herself to fulfil her mother's wishes, and, how she did it one can scarcely say, but she was seen by the side of Mahalala, soon after instructing him how to hold a skein of silk while she wound it off upon a ball. The intractable boy appeared to be beguiled from his evil thoughts beguiled from himself by some curious witchery exercised over him by this young girl of sev- enteen, so that it would almost seem as if he had for- gotten his oath never to be reconciled to the pale-faces. We shall see. No one could doubt, who saw Angela and Mahalala together, that the latter was,for the moment, enchanted by his young mistress. Whether she was equally delighted by him or not, it was no easy matter to decide. She might have been only carrving out the wishes of her mother. J V O When night arrived, it became evident that, although the young captive was treated with the utmost gentle- ness, the lady of the mansion did not intend to neglect the necessary precautions against his escape. He was put to bed in a room so high that it would have been madness for him to attempt to escape from the window , and the door was locked on the out-side. He was not aware that a servant slept on the sill of his door, so that the least attempt made at escape on the part of the Indian boy would have been effectually prevented. MODOC JACK. CHAPTER III. THE FLIGHT. Two weeks had passed in this monner ; and, although no disposition to escape had been shown by Mahalala, yet the watchfulness of those who had him in charge was, in no degree, relaxed. The young Indian had seemed to become more and more attached to Angela, while, towards her sister, he had shown anything else but a tractable disposition. It will be remembered that when the young captive expressed his preference for Angela, her sister resented it highly. Still Penelope was too well-bred to engage in a vul- gar brawl with a boy of fourteen, and he a savage. But, she was none the less dangerous on that account. She took every opportunity, by hints and inuendoes to discharge Mahalala; and, when it is borne in mind that " a continual dropping wears away a stone," it may be imagined not only that some effect was wrought upon the master and mistress of the mansion by these tactics, but, also, that a spirit of revenge against Miss Pene- lope Winterton was cherished in the fierce bosom of the young savage, "Jack," said the young lady to him one day for " Jack" was the name which she gave the poor house boy " Jack, is n't it almost time that you were chris- tened, and that you were taught your catechism?" Now, Jack knew very well that this was a taunt, and that it was spoken on purpose to annoy him, for neither MODOC JACK. 29 Lady Winterton nor her husband wished to force their religion upon him : therefore, he answered carelessly : " That's just as Miss Angela says. She has not said anything to me about it, yet." Penelope bit her lips,and sailed away with the air of Juno. She felt that the Indian boy, with an air of the utmost simplicity, had told her to mind her own busi- ness ; for he had reminded Penelope that her mother had placed him at the orders of Angela, and that she had no right to meddle wiih him. Still, if Penelope had complained to her parents, they would have seen nothing out of the way in the reply of the young Indian. They would rather have approved his entire devotion to Angela, as Lady Winterton had given him to understand that the younger daughter was his mistress, and that he must wait upon her exclu- sively. From that time forward, the bitterness of Penelope towards Mahalala increased in geometrical progression. This gave great distress to Angela, who really liked the boy, and who imagined that he was attached to her in turn ; but she was too gentle a nature to reprove her elder sister, who, might almost be said, lorded it over the whole family. At length, after Mahalala had been at the mansion a little more than a year, Penelope saw a prospect of glutting her revenge both upon the Indian boy and his young mistress ; since she knew that any misfortune befalling Jack would grieve Angela. Jack had accidentally shot and killed a splendid peacock in which the whole family took much pride and pleasure. 30 MODOC JACK. When her father came home, Penelope ran directly to him, and so represented the case as to make it appear that the young Indian had purposely killed the peacock. But, unfortunately for Winterton's purpose, Jack overheard all that passed between Penelope and her father, and while his heart was ready to burst with revenge against the young lady, he resolved that her father's threat should never be put in execution. Accordingly, he crept out of the house immediately, and finding the horse upon which the angry gentleman had ridden standing, all saddled and bridled, at the door, he threw himself upon the back of the animal, and dashed away at full speed into the interior. But, Jack did not fly unseen. The groom was not far off; and, he, knowing that he should suffer for his neglect if Jack got safely off with the horse, raised the hue and cry and hastily getting upon the back of another horse set out, at full speed, in chase of the run-a-way. As for Mr. Winterton, already exasperated against Jack for killing his favorite bird, he was furious when he discovered that the Indian had had the audacity to run away with his best saddle-horse. Giving a hasty order that all the men about the place should mount and ride after the fugitive, he sprang upon a horse and joined in the pursuit. But, Jack had got a pretty good start, and having reached a forest five miles distant from the mansion without having seen any of his pursuers, he dis- mounted, and leaving the horse to shift for himself, he entered the forest and continued his journey in the di- 9 MODOC JACK. 31 rection of Santa Barbara, where he had left his mother. Neither Winterton nor his men knew anything about Jack's mother. Had they known that he had left his mother in an old ruin at Santa Barbara, they would have so shaped their course as to cut him off, and he would have fallen a prey to his enemies. But, his pursuers, upon finding Mr. Winterton's horse at the edge of the forest, concluded thut Jack had shaped his course for New Mexico, and they continued on till they reached the mountains, when they turned back, Winterton being well pleased with having re- covered his nag. When Winterton returned, with his servants to the * mansion, he found Angela greatly distressed on account of her servant who, she feared, would be treated very roughly when caught. But Penelope was so angry when she discovered that the men had all come back without the run-a-way, that she could scarcely contain herself; and her langu- age, even to her father, was so violent that he forbade her to come into his presence till she had sent an apology for her conduct. In the mean time, the young Indian was threading forests, crossing everglades, and fording swamps on his way to the old ruin where he had left his mother. He believed that the palefaces of that region had forgotten all about him, and that he might now ven- ture there with safety. As he lessened the distance between Santa Barbara and himself, he became more and more anxious. He had reason to believe that his mother would 32 JVIODOC JACK. ^ continue to linger about the precincts where her hus- band was confined as a prisoner ; but, how great must have been her anxiety about him ! Then, again, she had depended upon him to procure * food both for her and for himself. Could she venture abroad during his absence without immediately attract- ing attention ? and, in that case might not she, also, have been seized and held as a prisoner ? These reflections quickened his steps, and he scarcely permitted himself to rest at night. Finally, "Jack" as he was called by the Winter- tons begun to fill in with the pal e- faces ; that is to suy, he saw them, buu he did not permit them to see him; although, being dressed in civilized habiliments, and knowing how to speak English pretty Avell,he might have passed himself off as a civilized man. But Jack had no penchant for a civilized life ; and now that he was once more abroad and at liberty on nature's wide domain, he felt how much better it was to be a freeman than a slave, even when the latter is surrounded by luxury and is treated with every indulg- ence. It would be untrue to say that Jack never thought of Angela. His young mistress often rose to the eyes of his imagination, with her bonny blue eyes and waving locks, her rounded and graceful form, elegantly y who expressed her apprehensions that mischief was breeding in the Modoc camp. But, Gen. Canby said that the Modocs dared not molest them as as his forces commanded the situation, and Dr. Thomas declared that where God called him to go, he would go, trusting to his care. On the afternoon of April 10th, 1873, five Indians and four squaws came into the camp and were made presents of clothing and provisions by the Peace Com- missioners, and a message was sent out by the Com- missioners asking for a talk next morning at a point about a mile from the picket line. Later in the even- ing Bogus Charley came in and told the picket that he could take his gun ; that he (Charley) did not intend to go back any more. The picket brought him in and took him to the tent of (/eneral Cnnby where Charley left his gun and remained at the tent of Frank Riddle during the night. Next morning Boston Charley came in and .told the Commission that Captain Jack and five other Indians would meet the Commission outside the lines. Boston Charley and Begus Charley then mounted a horse and started for the lava beds. About an hour after their departure General Canby, started MODOC JACK. 75 for the place appointed. The party arrived at the ap- pointed place, and were closely watched by the signal officer, Lieutenant Adams, from the signal station on the hill over-looking the camp. It was between ten and eleven o'clock in the morning when the Peace Commission party comprising Gen. Canby, Mr. A. B. Meacham. Dr. Thomas, Mr. Dyar, Riddle, the interpreter, and squaw, and Bogus Charley and Boston Charley went out to the designated spot. There they met Captain Jack, John Schonchin, Black Jim, Shack Nasty Jim, Ellen's Man and Hawker Jim. They had no guns with them, but each carried a pistol at his belt. This, however, was not much noticed, as in previous interviews they had their guns with them. They sat down in a kind of broken circle, and Gen- eral Canby, Meacham, and Dr. Thomas sat together, faced by Captain Jack and Schonchin. Mr. Dyar stood by Jack, holding his horse, with Hawker Jim and Shack Nasty Jirn to his left. Meacham opened the talk, and gave a long history of what they wanted to do for them, after which Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas both talked for some time. The Commissioners re-affirmed that the soldiers would never be withdrawn until the difficulty was settled, still extending the offer of amnesty, a suitable, and satisfactory home, and ample provision for their welfare in the future. The reply from Jack and Bchonchin both chiefs was : "Take away your sol-^ diers, and we will talk about it." Captain Jack then talked in an apparently good, 76 MODOC JACK. serious strain, and when he finished stepped back to thg rear near where Meacham's horse was hitched. Jack asked for Hot Creek and Cotton wood, the places occupied by Fairchild and Dorris, fora reserva- tion. Mr. Meacharn told Jack that it was not possible to give him what ho asked. John Schonchin then began to talk. He told Air. Meacham to say no more ; that he had said enough on that subject, and while Schonchin was speaking, Capt, Jack was heard to say " All ready !". At the same time Mr. Dyar heard a cap miss fire, and, looking around, he saw Captaui Jack to his left, with his pistol pointed at General Canby. This was the signal for a general massacre, and a dozen postols were fired inside of half a minute. Mr. Dyar, after hearing the cap miss fire, turned and fled, followed closely by Hawker Jim, who fired two shots after him. Dyar, finding that Hawker Jim was gaining upon him, turned and drew his derringer whereupon Hawker Jim retreated and made the best of his way to the Modoc Camp. Captain Jack fired again on General Canby who ran off to the left ; but the ball of Jack's pistol struck him under the eye> and he fell dead to the ground. Meacham was shot at by Schonchin wounded in the head. He tried to draw his derringer, when two Indians ran up and knocked him down- Boston Charley and another Indian fired at Dr. Thomas. The first discharge brought him to his knees, and the second killed him. Riddle ran off, and it appears they did not fire at MODOC JACK. 77 him, but they knocked his squaw down. Dyar, Riddle and the squaw returned in safety to the camp. About half an hour after the party of General Canby had reached the place of meeting with Jack and the . other savages, a cry from the signal station was heard, saying that the Indians had attacked the Peace Com- mission, and that an engagament had commenced be- tween the Indians and Col. Mason. In a moment the troops were under arms, and deployed as skirmishers, under the command of Col. Green, and orders were given to forward double-quick. Very shortly after- ward Mr. Dyer returned and stated that the Indians had attacked them, and that he thought he \vas the only one who had escaped : but in a few moments after Riddle and his squaw were seen within the picket. Col. Miller and Major Throckmorton's two batteries, that were leading the skirmish line rushed out, and, after about five minutes tramp over the broken rucks, they arrived at the scene of the massacre. In the distance were seen three of the perpetrators of the murders running round the edge of the lake on their way back to their rocky fastness. About a hundred yards to the west of the place of meeting was found Mr. A. B. Meacham badly wounded with a pistol shot over the left eye. He was immedi- ately attended to and carried back for medical treat- ment. Fifty yards further on was the body of the Rev. Dr. Thomas, lying on his face and stripped to the waist. Life was extinct from pistol shot wounds in his head. The body of General Canby, the hero of many a %ht, 73 HODOC JACK. was stripped of every vestige of clothing and lay about one hundred yards to the southward, with two pistol shots in his head. Pausing only to cast a glance on the body of the man i they both loved and respected, the troops dashed on yand the two leading batteries were within a mile of the murderers when the bugle oall sounded a " halt." Lieutenant Egan and Major Wright's companies of the Twelfth infantry were behind the artillery and then come the cavalry. General Gillem and Colonel Green and staff were up with the men, but as soon as they found that the In- dians had all got back to their stronghold the troop* were ordered to fallback with the intent of commenc- ing active operations on the next day. That the Indians intended a general massacre is suf- ficiently evident. The following additional account, given by Captain Anderson, at the time, will not be found uninteresting: Captain Anderson was at Colonel Mason's camp when the attack was made on the Peace Commission and party. He says Lieutenants Sherwood aud Doyle were allured out from the camp by a white flag. They went 400 or 500 yards, where they met what they sup- posed to be only two Indians, who said they wanted to talk to "Little Tyee " (Colonel Mason). They were told that they (the officers) did not want to talk, and for the Indians to go back to their camp and they would return to theirs. As the officers turned around the In- dians, four in number, fired upon them, wounding Lieu- tenant Sherwood in the arm and thigh, the latter being a severe wound, the bone having been shattered by the MODOC JACK. 79 bullet. Captain Anderson, who was on duty at the signal station on Hospital Rock, saw plainly the attack upon Colonel Mason's front, and telegraphed General Gillem to notify the Peace Commission immediately. Colonel Biddle, who was at General Gillem's headquar- ters when this message was received, at once placed his field-glass upon General Canby as the party sat together about one mile distant, and very soon afterwards he perceived the whole party scattered. The Colonel fol- lowed the General's course with his glass while he ran about fifty yards, when he threw up his arms and fell backward dead. Two of the Indians who were follow- ing him jumped on him, and one believed to be Cap- tain Jack stabbed him in the neck. His body was afterwards completely stripped. Dr. Thomas was also entirely stripped. His purse, containing about $>60, was found under the body, the Indians having dropped it. Mr. Meacham was shot in three places, one ball entering at the inner corner of his right eye, another inside of his head, and the third passing through his right forearm. The first two balls are both believed to have lodged within his cranium. He also received a cut in the left arm and a scalp wound about five inches long. He was found about fifty yards from the spot where the slaughter began, in a direction opposite that taken by General Canby. He was also entirely stripped, and when found bewildered in mind. Captain Anderson spent an hour with him yesterday morning, when he was conscious and in no pain. Meacham says he thinks he shot Schonchin in the abdomen, and blood was found which indicated that one of the Indians had been wound- ed. The soldiers who were ready started on a double quick immediately upon the firmgof the shots. They 80 MODOC JACK. met Dyarand Riddle and his wife before they were half way from the camp. The Indians retired, and kept up their retreat about 600 yardsiu advance of the soldiers, who followed them half a mile beyond the murder- ground, where they remained until dark, when they 1 were withdrawn as they were not provided with sup- plies. CHAPTER VIII. A BATTLE. The news of this apparently causeless and unaccount- able massacre rang through the country like a tocsin calling for an immediate war of extermination. Every letter from S;n Francisco containing the slightest information in regard to the fate of General Can by and his companions was eagerly read. Among other accounts is the following sketch of the atrocity, from A. B. Meacham, chairman of the Modoc Peace Commission. About this time two armed Indians suddenly ap- peared from the brush in our rear. An explanation was asked, and Captain Jack replied by snapping a pis- tol at General Can by, saying in Indian, " All ready ;" . after which General Can by was despatched by Captain , Jack with a pistol and knife, and Dr. Thomas by a pis- tol-shot in the breast and gunshot in the head by Bos- ton Charley. Mc-acbam and Dyar attempted to escape toward the camp, the former followed by Schonchin John, and the l,tt<>r by Black Jim and Hooker Jim. Schonchin fired six shots at Mcaeham, hitting him four MODOC JACK. 81 times and leaving him for dead. Schonchin attempt- ing to scalp him was deterred by a Modoc woman. Dyar escaped unhurt although fired at three times by Black Jim, who was only a few feet away, and by Hooker Jim, -by whom he was pursued. After run- ning about 200 yards he turned upon his pursuer with a small pocket Derringer, when the Indian turned and ran back, thus Jetting Dyar get away. Mr. Dyar will be obliged to leave in a day or two on account of offi- cial duties, but while here the remainder of the Com- mission will consult with General Gillem should any ;ictive measures be necessary on our part. We believe that complete subjugation by the military is the only method by which to deal with these Indians. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. B. MEACHAM, Chairman Modoc Peace Commission. The following was written immediatly after the massacre : APRIL 12, 10 P. M. The news of the horrible mas- sacre of General Canby and Commissioner Thomas has cast a gloom over the entire community, and great ex- citement and intense feeling exist that the Modocs should now receive the punishment they richly deserve, and that not one should be left for this terrible massa- cre. II. C. Ticknor, who brought the official dispatches, left headquarters at 5 P. M. yesterday. He said that orders had just been issued for an advance along the whole, line at 5 A. M. to-day. The plan was to advance slowly, take everything as they went, having wntor and provisions with them. In this case it may be two days before the trouble is ended. It is presumed that the 82 MODOC JACK. remains of Gen. Canby and Commissioner Thomas will be forwarded to this place, and they should arrive to- morrow some time. Another carrier would leave the headquarters of tho I military camp this evening, and would arrive here early to-morrow. Those are all the particulars of the tragedy, in addition to the dispatch sent this afternoon. A courier left here at 9 o'clock to-night for General Gillem's headquarters, with dispatches from Schofield. By many persons it is believed that the Modocs are utterly desperate ; will fight till the last man falls, and that they will not leave the caves in the lava beds. By others it is believed that they have already made their escape, and will begin a relentless war upon all tho weak parties of whites they encounter. It is supposed that Scar-faced Charley and Curly-head Doctor were with the Indians who attacked Colonel Mason's position and that this attack was a blind to attract the attention of General Gillem from the conference between Cap- tain Jack and his men and the Peace Commissioners. By this time the public are throughly familiar with the murder of Gen. Canby and the Rev. Dr. Thomas. Lieutenants Sherwood and Doyle were lured out of camp by a white flag to have a talk, and then fired on. General Canby and the Peace Commissioners were talking with Jack Schonschin and a few other braves. Suddenly Jack said, " All right," and shot General Canby dead. Mr. Meacham was shot in three places, but may recover. He thinks he shot Schonschin in the abdomen, Dr. Thomas was killed instantly. Both his and the body of General Canby we* c entirely stripped and mutilated. MODOC JACK. 83 The indignation throughout the country was tremen- dous, and the government determined upon a war of extermination. Troops were rushed on to the front, and the American eagle prepared to swoop down upon, the medicine flag of Captain Jack, General Canby's place was filled by General Jeff. C. Davis, a soldier who served bravely through the war against his Southern namesake. The army of the United States was sup- plemented by the Warm Spring Indians. The following particulars were received at a later date : " The assassination of General Canby has created a most profound impression on the military, and his life will be fully avenged. The noble old gentleman was stripped stark naked by the treacherous murderers, and his necktie was the only portion of his clothing found. It is now known that the Indians intended a general massacre of all the " Tyees" or chiefs. They expected Colonel Mason to come out and talk with them on the other side, where they hung out a white flag, but the officer of the day, Lieutenant Sherwood, was the only- victim to their treachery. Lieutenant Sherwood is still in a dangerous condition but hopes are entertained for his recovery. Our signal station is now of immense service, send- ing messages to and from camp to camp. The Indians were out yesterday in their fortifications, and one of them had a large white flag on a pole, which he was swinging to and fro in imitation of our signal officers. The Snake and Pitt River Indians are still quiet, but lire watching the course of the conflict nin great inter- 84 MODOC JACK. It is now stated that Generals Canby and Gillern and the Peace Commissioners had a talk about Riddle's warning, and came to the conclusion that it was only a ruse of Kiddle's to delay the negotiations. They had not the utmost confidence in Riddle's veracity ; but on this occasion it seems he was right in his supposition. The Rev. Dr. Thomas was a Methodist Episcopal clergyman from the west, and Mr. Meacharn was a Quaker. Neither of them had been brought into prom- inence before their appointment on the Modoc Com- mission. General Canby married Miss Louisa Ames, of Bal- timore, noice of Bishop Ames, of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. On the 22nd the following dispatch was sent from the Lava Beds . " For the past two days there has been a kind of a truce, as we have had no Modocs to fight with. They hove gone it \$ uncertain where ; but I feel confident that before long we shall hear of their whereabouts, if not their departure." On the 24th this dispatch was sent : " The Warm Spring Indians encamped last night near the lake, between us and Colonel Mason's com- mand. We have not seen an Indian to-night, although a sharp lookout had been kept from the signal station. " Donald McKay is of the opinion they have left, as, finding his party had taken up a position between them iind water, they concluded another attack was medita- ted. The Warm Spring Indians are to hunt them up at night, in order to try and find where they have loca- ted. Two squaws captured by Colonel Miller's battery MODOC JACK. 85 were brought into camp yesterday. They stated that two Yainox Modocs had deserted from the band. They were probably the two seen by Ticknor travelling west in the direction of the Ypinox reservation. " The reinforcements from San Francisco of tvvo batteries of the Fourth Artillery will be here in about five days. "The Indians are supposed to still have about thirty fighting bucks. Donald McKay is of the opinion that they have gone in an easterly direction towards Goose Immediately on hearing of the massacre, the follow- ing dispatch was sent to Gen. Gillem by Gen. Schofield : "Please inform me fully of the situation, so I may send more troops if necessary. If the Indians escape from the lava beds I may send troops to operate against them from another direction. Let me know fully whut you wish. 1 suppose you have force enough to destroy the outlaws unless they succeed in eluding you. Noth- ing short of their prompt and sure destruction will satisfy the ends of justice or meet the expectations of the Government. (Signed) JOHN M. SCHOFIELD." The remains of General Canby and Dr. Thomas lay in state at Yreka in the Masonic Hall all day, and were visited by nearly the whole population. Over a thou- sand persons viewed the remains. At twelve o'clock about 300 children of the public schools passed in pro- cession by twos. The coffins were wrapped in the na- tional colors and strewn with wreaths and flowers. The remains of General Canby were forwarded to Portland by the afternoon's stage in charge of the General's aid, 86 MODOC JACK. Captain R. H. Anderson, who was met at Rosebud on Wednesday evening by a special train for Portland. The remains of Dr. Thomas left for Redding by pri- vate conveyance at two o'clock in the afternoon. A dispatch under date of San Francisco, April 14, says : "A special messenger returned to Yreka to-night .from the lava beds. There is nothing definite from the seat of war; there had been no fighting up to the time he left. Ammunition and supplies had been crowded forward with despatch. The Mttaeon had ex- tracted four bullets from Mr. Meachanr^fvounds, and there is little hope of his recovery. There were various rumors as to when an attack will be made. Some say to-day and some to-morrow, the commanders waiting the arrival of the Warm Spring Indian scouts, who are to be used between the lines of General Gillem and Colonel Mason's commands, they, with cavalry, mak- ing a third line and all advancing together from the north, south, and east of the lake to the West. It is believed the battle will be a hard one, and that no quarter will be shown to theModocs. The Pit River Indians remain quiet and peaceable, but if the Modoca escape there will be danger. Every horse in Hot Springs, Surprise Valley, and Big Valley is down with the epizootic. On April 26th, a reconnoitering party composed of Companies K and A, Fourth Artillery, and Company E, Twelfth Infantry, left camp at half past seven o'clock in the morning, in the direction of the stronghold of the Modocs. They were commanded by Captain E. Thomas of the Fourth Artillery. A dozen Warm Spring Indians were MODOC JACK. 87- expected to cooperate on Captain Thomas's left. The troops having formed a line of skirmishers advanced without molestation until they arrived at the foot of the bluff south of the lava beds, having, meanwhile, signalled to the camp that no Indians were to be found. On reaching the bluff the Modocs opened a severe fire, causing the troops to seek such shelter as they could find in the crevices, chasms, (fee. As usual, the foe was unseen. The first position soon became untenable, owing to the fact that the Indians were able to deliver both a cross-fire and an enfilading fire, the enemy en- joying every ad vantage of position and knowledge of ihe ground. They were also well armed. In more than one instance a Modoc has been known to have two or more Spencer rifles, enabling him to keep up a rapid fire from his natural or artificial breast, work of rock. The surface of the ground in many . places is torn up by volcanic actions, which form crev- ices, and these are adaptable to the purposes of either hiding or for points of defence: In several instances the soldiers, knowing nothing of the topography, have come unawares on such fissures, and before they could escape were confronted with a wily Indian, rifle leveled and finger on the trigger. Death, or at least a danger- ous wound, is the result. It was impossible to estimate the number of Modocs wounded. It was reported that the Warm Spring In- dians took four scalps. This may be the whole or it may bf only a portion of the killed, the Modocs being very careful to destroy as far :is possible all truces of their casualties, carrying their wounded into caves and burning the dead bodies. The wounded are supposed 88 MODOC JACK. to be hidden in caves, but few of them have been seen so far. Justice to the memory of the gallant dead com- pels the record of the following well authenticated facts ; When Captain Thomas found himself and his men sur- rounded by his vindictive foe, true to his nature as a soldier, he sought to cheer the soldiers on to the bitter end and obtain if possible life for life, and to sell their lives dearly, saying : " Men, we are surrounded; we must fight and die like men and soldiers." In his noble efforts to sustain the courage of his small command he was ably seconded by Lieutentant Howe and Lieutenant Wright. After receiving a mortal wouud he buried his gold watch and chain among the rocks and emptied his re- volver among the enemies before dying. If living he would also write in terms of well deserv- ed praise of the conduct of Lieutenant Harris, who was similarly situated. Captain Thomas, with a portion of his Battery K, Fourth Artillery, set an example of bra- very and determination to his men, uttering some such sentiments as those already quoted. Not that it re- quired such expressions to stimulate the men to deeds of bravery, when every man would willingly have fol- lowed either officer wherever they chose to lead ; yet it showed the mutual confidence existing between them. iJince they were to fall, it is a pity it had not been \v hen opposed to worthier foes. Yet it is a mournful consolation that each, Captain Thomas. Lieutenant Howe, and Lieutenant W light, the sons of soldiers met a soldier's death in defence of the Government and laws of the country. Of the men killed or wound- ed it is perhaps sufficient to say they showed their bra- MODOC JACK. 89 very with their blood the former with their lives, the latter in total or partial disability. The victory of the Modocs was complete. The news of this defeat created quite a sensation in army circles where the three young officers who were killed were well known. Captain Thomas was a son of General Lorenzo Thomas, formerly Adjutant-General of the army. Lieutenant Howe was the son of Major Marshal Howe, on the retired list, and a son-in-law of General Barry, the commandant at Fortress Monroe. Lieutenant Harris is a nephew of the late Bishop Mcllvaine. Army officers attributed this disaster to the ineffi- ciency of the cavalry, which was dismounted because of the epizootic. The two batteries of artillery and the one company of infantry that were ordered to advance into the Lava Beds with such fatal results, were intended as a recon- noitring party to find out whether the Modocs had really absconded. The suspicion that they had, and a too confident presumption that they would not fight in a body, may explain t'ue disastrous blunder of exposing two companies of brave soldiers to be shot down like dog-s by an unseen foe lying in ambush. It seems too apparent that the Indians practised successful feints upon General Gillem. They made him believe, or at least suspect, they had fled and scattered, and thereby disarmed his wariness and entrapped him into an am- buscade. We accordingly lost, in killed and wounded, more soldiers than the whole number of fighting . Modocs. On t' eir part there was no random firing. SO MODOC JACK. They were all expert marksmen, and from the places of concealment every shot told. It seems a great pity that General Gillem did not wait for the arrival of his superior officer. After this defeat of our troops, General Davis arrived and tool; command of the Modoc expedition. Gen. Davis found the soldiers disheartened by the disasters of the campaign and had to resort to many devices to arouse their flagging enthusiasm and in- crease their efficiency. He began his work with a will and earnestness that won for him the sympathy and friendship of the officers and privates, and inspired them with confidence. He studied the situation carefully, utilized the experience of his predecessors, gave the wearied soldiers time to recuperate from the fatigues and mental excitement in- cidental to their rough rights in the lava beds, sent out scouting parties, had his men disciplined in Indian dodges, and put his first grand movement in operation. About this time, it was discovered that the Modocs had escaped from their stronghold by three routes, and finally encamped on Snow Mountain, twenty miles South of Sorass Lake. Fights without any decided results were taking place occasionally causing the loss and wounding of our troops. One such battle was fought at Dry Lake, on May 10th, our loss was as follows : Killed James D. Totler, corporal, Company B; Adolphus' Fisher, private, Company B. Wounded Louis Dunbar, scalp wound in the head ; Peter Griffin, flesh wound in the left hip ; Jesse Beeves, MODOC JACK. 91 corporal, fracture of the left arm; which was subse- quently amputated ; Patrick McGuire, fracture below the right knee right leg amputated below the thigh ; Samuel McGlew, flesh wound in the right arm, cutting an artery; George Brown, flesh wound in the left leg; all of Company B. Michel Maher, of Company C, flesh wound in the right hip. All the above-named belong- ed to the First Cavalry. Wassamucka and Lebastor, Warm Spring Indians, were killed, and Yonowiton, another scout, had his right arm fractured. But, notwithstanding those successes of the Modocs, it seemed that the peace men in the Modoc camp were dissatisfied, and preferred to trust to the good faith of the palefaces. Accordingly, fifty-five members of Capt. Jack's band of Modoos surrendered to our army. Fifteen of these were warriors, and the rest were women and children. Captain Jack then had twenty warriors left, and he resolved to fight to the end, being relieved of two ob- stacles, viz ; the women and children, and the peace party among the Modocs. After a series of reverses befalling our soldiers operat- ing in the 1 va fields, their brav< ry was crowned with success. Deserted and in despair, the Modoc chief sur- rendered, a prisoner of war, and, with five captured com- panions, upon trial by court martial, was righteously condemned to death. 92 MODOC JACK. CHAPTER IX. THE LAST SCENE OF ALL. THE last day on earth of the condemned savages was distinguished by a big talk, which lasted from 11 o'clock in the morning until 4 o'clock in the afternoon of October 2d, 1873. The death sentence had not been officially made known to the Indians, though they had been able to learn something of their impending fate through their squaws, who had been permitted to occasionally visit them. On that morning Gen. Wheaton, accompanied by Post Chap- lain Heugemborg and several other officers and gentle- men, visited the Guard-house. The thirteen Indians con- fined there were released from their cells and conducted to the main room. Captain Jack, Schonchin and Boston Charley sat down on the edge of the bunks used by the soldiers when off guard. The other Modocs distributed themselves on the right and left of Captain Jack, squat- ting on the floor. The Chaplain, a venerable gentleman, opened the talk. He stepped forward and took Captain Jack warmly by the hand, saluting each of the other Indians in like manner. He then told them of Christ's coming and how he died for God's red children as well as His white children, and the certainty of salvation by repenting and accepting Him. He told them that their refusal to accept Jesus would re- sult in the Great Spirit sending them to a dreadful place. He had as much authority from the Great Father above to tell them this as General Wheaton had from the Great Father in Washington to tell them they should have to die. The Modocs knew that they had wicked hearts and that they had done many bad deeds ; but however wicked they had been, they could be saved. Applegate reduced this to jargon, and Dave Hill interpreted the jargon into the Modoc language. The Indians ail listened attentively to every word that was uttered. Schonchin and Jack were the most atten- tive. The chief scratched his head very often, his blanket falling down about his waist. Boston Charley kept his red blanket closely about him, and, though wearing a MODOC JACK. 93 wasted look, seemed as if he had resolved to die game and to say nothing. Black Jim, the tallest, most athletic, and bc-'st looking Indian in the party, sat clown against the wall on a roll of blankets. He seemed to be somewhat impatient at the proceedings, though not at all frightened. Barncho, alias One-eyed Jim, who was chained to Sloluck, sat with his head buried in his blanket. Sloluck, a young Indian, was very restless, changing his position very fre- quently now lying down on his side, covering his face with his arms, then standing up and looking nervously around. After the chaplain had finished his exhortation, all but the six condemned Indians were returned to their cells. General "Wheaton then requested the chaplain to inform the Indians of the decision of the President. The chaplain did so in a few feeling words. As Dava Hill translated the terrible news, not a muscle of their faces moved. The restlessness of their hands, however, showed that the blow went home. They seemed to be striving hard to maintain their composure. After some moments of silence, Captain Jack's lips began to move. His voice was low and feeble, and was at first barely audible. He spoke as follows : " I have heard the sentence, and know what it is; but I feel that I am more innocent than Bogus Charley, Hooka Jim, Steamboat Frank, and Shacknasty Jim. These in- stigated the crime of which I am accused. When I look in my heart I sec no crime. These young men started th^se murders. It is hard to rid them of their savage habits. I was always in favor of peace, Bogus Charley was the first to propose the murder of General Canby and the Peace Commissioners. The young men of the tribe were with him. I said no ; but they Irad the power, and carried me with them. We came near having personal difficulties, and my life was in danger. When Bogus Charley proposed killing Canby, Boston Charley was the first to sanction it. Bogus said, * If you fail to help me, I will do it myself/ I feel that while these four men are free they have triumphed over me and the Government. I should feel better satisfied if they were brought to trial. Bogus was a traitor to both sides. He told lies to the Modocs, and he lied to Ganby. I should like to see him brought in here. I know that Shacknasty killed Canby and shot Meachem, and Boston killed Thomas. After the 94 MODOC JACK massacre, Bogus told mo he knew the blood was on his hands, and that 1 would not be held accountable. Bogus wanted to kill Canby and Gillem." General Wheaton, through the interpreter, asked Cap- tain Jack why they killed Canby and Thomas what they expected to gain by such action. Jack replied, I wished ior peace, but the young men said they were not ready for peace. They wanted war, but they did not give their reasons. I did not counsel the Hot Creeks to go arid fight. When I surrendered I ex- pected to be set free. I hoped to live on Klamath Lake with iny people." He then asked if he might entertain any hopes of living. On being told that the President's order would be carried out, he said the Great Chief in Washington was a long way off, and he thought he (Captain Jack) had been mis- represented. If the Great Chief at Washington would come to see him he might change his opinion. He was then told that the Big Chiefs children number- ed millions, and that hj was guided by good men who represented him. Jack then continued: '' I do not wish to talk a great deal, and only about those things near my heart. I would like to have the execution postponed until the matter was made more clear." On being told that the President's decision was not given without a great deal of thought, Jack replied : " I know, judging by the delay, he was not hasty in the mat- ter, but I think he should have heard what I had to say." The interpreter informed Captain Jack that General Wheaton advised him not to think of a reprieve, but to pay attention to what the Chaplain said. Jack said he Idoew what the Chaplain had said was good, and he should follow the advice, and if they permit- ted him to live he would be a better man. u I would like, 3 ' he said, " to live to die a natural death." General Wheaton then asked if any of the others had anything to say, when Sloluck said: "I want to talk. White men call me George. I have been confined in the guard-house through misrepresentations. My child died yesterday, and I could not go with the mourners. Nobody here can say they saw me at the massacre." Black Jim. then said : " I see a great many men present, but I have no talk to make as Captain Jack talks. I al- MODOC JACK. 95 ways tell the truth, and am well known among my people. I was wounded in the first fight at Lost River, and was very sick for many months. My heart tells me I am a good and strong man, and able to take care of the Modocs. If Jack and Schonchin are killed, I should then be left to take care of the tribe. I don't know what Jack and Schonchin think about it." Jack muttered something and shook his bead. 1 Black Jim continued : "T hat's my idea. If I have been guilty of these crimes and the law of white chiefs decides that I should die, I am willing to die and not afraid to die. I have been a long time confined without having a chance to talk. I am afraid of nothing, and when it's war I am always in the front rank. I think we should have some time to make arrange- ments for our spirits in the other world. I would like to hear the spirit man talk." General Wheaton explained that the Chaplain had come for that purpose. Boston Charley then took a quid out of his mouth and ex- pressed a desire to tell his speech. He created a decided sen- sation. He said : " You all know me ; during the war it seem- ed to me that I had two hearts one Indian and the other white. I am only a boy, and yet you all know what I have done. Al- though a boy, I feel like a man, and when I look on each side of me I think of these other men as women. I do not fear death. I think I am the only man in the room. I fought in the front rank with Shacknasty, Steamboat, Bogus and Hooka. I am al- together a man and not half a woman. I killed General Ccwbt/, assisted by Steamboat and Bogus. Bogus said to me, 4 Do you believe that those commissioners mean to try to make a peace V I said, ' I believe so.' He said, 'I don't ; they want to lead us into some trap.' I said, ' All right I go with you.' I would like to see all my people and bid them good-bye to-day. I would like to go to the stockade to see them. I see that if I were to criminate others it would not amount to anything. I see it is too late. I know that other chief men were not at the bottom of that affair, and they did not take so prominent a part in the massacre as the younger men. I know but little, but when I see anything with my eyes, I know it." Boston was then asked why they killed Canby. He said that all the presents they had received had no influence on them, and they suspected Canby and the Commissioners of treachery, and their hearts were wild. After the young men had decided to kill the Csmmissioners, he told Bogus he was afraid. Bogus said : " Don't be afraid; I can kill him." After that, Captain Jack said he would go and prevent it. The object of Bogus going in that night te camp was to remove any suspicion from 96 MODOG JACK. General Canby 's mind. The young warriors thought that Canby, Thomas, Meacham and Gillem were powerful men, and that the death of these Tyees would end all further trouble. When they saw Dyar coming in place of Meacham, they decided to kill them all. When Bogus came into the soldiers' camp he told Riddle's squaw that he was going to kill Canby and the Com- missioners. She said, 4 All right ; go and kill them.' I am fuelling what I know to be the truth nothing more." Captain Jack then referred to what Boston had said abou his share in the massacre, and remarked : " Scar-faced Charley is my relative. He is a worse man than I am. I would pro- pose to make an exchange, and turn Scar- face over in my place, and then I could live and take care of my family. I would like to make friends with General Wheaton and punish the right parties." This modest proposition caused considerable amusement, much to the disgust of the chief. He concluded : " If I am to die, it is well. I am ready to go and see my Great Father above." After a long pause, and none of the Indians manifesting any desire to speak, General Wheaton asked Schonchin if he wished to say anything. A pleased expression stole over the old chiefs face, as he as- sented and arose. He spoke for over an hour. His speech was the oration, of the day, and made a marked impression. Schonchin spoke as follows : " You all here know me. I was always a good man. There never was a time that 1 did not want a white man's heart and asked advice from white men. I sent my boy to Yainox Reser- vation, and he chose a piece of land for his home. Boston Charley told the truth when he called me a woman. I was like a woman, and my voice was against war. I was always a peace man ; but there were some young men that were rash and anxious to distinguish themselves, Hooka Jim and some other boys made all the trouble, and when I look-at the irons on my legs I feel that they should wear them. I have always given the young men advice, shook hands with the whites, and here I am now, condemned, with irons on my feet. I heard what the Great Spirit man had to say, and I think it good. I should not die for what others have done, but I will not find fault with the decision, but will go to meet my father in the spirit land. My own father lived and died long ago when I was a boy. I often thought I should like to go and meet him inlhe brighter world, with the Great Spirit. If the law kills me and I go up to the spirit land, perhaps the Great Spirit will say to me, 1 Schonchin, my law has taken your life, and I accept of you as one of my people.' It was not in my heart to do wrong, but MODOC JACK. 97 I was led away oy the wishes of the young men who were anxi- ous for war. You know whether I am good or not, because you tried the law on me. Hooka Jim always thought he was a strong, good shot, and did these things contrary to my wish. I spoke against the murder of the Commissioners. When the big Chief in Washington read the evidence all over he must have been led to believe that Schonchin was a wicked, savage Indian, and did not know that Schonchin had used all his influence with the young men to keep them from doing these rash acts. The great Chief has to depend on the evidence he gets from his subordinates, and perhaps thinks Schonchin a bad, wicked man, while Schonchin has been a good, quiet Indian all the time. The Great Spirit, who looks from above, will see Schonchin in chains, but he knows that his heart is good and says : ' You die ; you become one of my people.' " I will now try to believe that the President is doing accord- ing to the will of the Great Spirit in condemning me to die. You may all look at me and see that I am firm and resolute. I am trying to think that it is just that I should die, and that the Great Spirit approves of it and says it is law. I am to die. I leave my son. I hope he will be allowed to remain in this country. I hope he will grow up like a good man. I want to turn him over to the old chief Schonchin at Yainox, who will make a good man of him. I have always looked on the young- er men of our tribe as my especial charge, and have reasoned with them, and now I am to die as the result of their bad con- duct. I leave four children and I wish them turned over to my brother at Yainox. It is doing a great wrong to take my life. I was an old man and took no active part. I would like to see those executed for whom I am wearing chains. " In the boys who murdered the Commissioners I have an in- terest as though they were my own children. If the law does not kill them, they may grow and become good men. " I look back to the history of the Modoc war, and I can see Odeneal at the bottom of all the trouble. He came down to Linkville with Ivan Applegate ; sent Ivan to see and talk with Captain Jack, who talked no good. If Odeneal came by him- self, all the Modocs would go to Yainox. I think that Odeneal is responsible for the murder of Canby, for the blood in the Lava Beds, and the chains on my feet. I have heard of reports that were sent to Yreka, Ashland and Jacksonville, that the Modocs were on the war-path, and such bad talk brought Ma- jor Jackson and the soldiers down. "I do not want to say my sentence is not right; but after our retreat from Lost River I thought 1 would come in, surren- der and be secure. I felt that these murders had been commit- ted by the boys, and that I had been carried along with the 98 MODOC JACK. current. If I had blood on my hands like Boston Charley, I could say, like him, ' I killed General Canby' ' I killed Thomas. 1 But I have nothing to say about the decision, and I would never ask it to be crossed. You are the law-giving parties. You say I must die. I am satisfied, if the law is correct. " I have made a straight speech. I should like to see the Big Chief face to face and talk with him, but he is a long dis- tance off like at the top of a high hill, with me at the bottom, and I cannot go to him ; but he has made his decision made his law, and I say let me die. I do not talk to cross the deci- sion. My heart tells me I should not die that you do me a great wrong in taking my life. War is a terrible thing. All must suffer the best horses, the best cattle and the best men. I can now only say, let Schonchin die !" The Chaplain now stepped forward and offered up an elo- quent prayer. The venerable man wept like a child at its con- clusion. The big talk then closed, General Wheaton telling the condemned that he would endeavor to comply with all their wishes. Afterward the squaws and children of the condemned men were taken into the guard-house to take a last farewell. The anguish of the women was frightful. The camp resounded with their hysterical groans. On the morrow, October 3rd, the troops formed in line at 9 o'clock in the morning on the parade ground, under the direc- tion of Adjutant Kingsbury. Captain H. C. Hasbrouck was in command of the line. The troops took position in the following order : Light Battery B, Fourth Artillery, Lieutenant S. W. Tay- lor ; Company E, Twelfth Infantry, Lieutenant H. R. Anderson ; Company F, Twenty-first Infantry, Lieutenant P. Jocelyn ; Com- pany G, Twelfth Infantry, Sergeant Ash; and Troop B, First Cavalry, Major Jackson. The Artillery acted as cavalry and, as well as the latter, were mounted. At 9:15 the column was placed in motion. On arriving opposite the Guard-house they halted. An interval was left in the centre of Company F (the central company). In this space a wagon drawn by four horses was place at 10 o'clock. The morning was beautiful and clear. The gallows was lo- cated in an open field, to the south of the stockade, with a low undergrowth of brush to the east about forty feet. The proces- sion moved to the gallows at 9 : 45 A. M. The drums were muf- fled, and the infantry marched with arms on the right shoulder, and the cavalry with sabres drawn. A great cloud of dust her- alded their approach. Boston Charley and Black Jim sat in front of the wagon, and Captain Jack and Schonchin in the rear. Captain Jack kept his blanket drawn up nearly to his ears. Boston Charley leaned forward and intently surveyed the gallows. Nearly three hundred Klamath Indians, squaws and MODOC JACK. 99 bucks, arrived at the fort at daylight, mounted on ponies. They dismounted and took up a position behind the troops. Boston Charley and Black Jitn ascended the scaffold first. Boston Charley took a quid of tobacco as he stepped out of the wagon, and another as he walked up the scaffold stairway. He was very indifferent, looking around at the soldiers and spitting vig- orously. Captain Jack was very weak, and had to be helped into the wagon at the guard-house and assisted to his position by Cor- poral Ross. Boston wore Lieutenant Cranston's cap, and Black Jim a brown-felt slouch hat. Captain Jack and Schonchin were uncovered. Black Jim wore a full dress soldier's coat and blue pants ; Schonchin, an army blouse and blue trousers. Captain Jack wore a striped cotton shirt, which was open at the breast, revealing a red-flannel shirt. He wore trowsers of dark-mixed material. The Indians sat down on the scaffold, and were first pinioned, under direction of Colonel Hoge, by Corporal Thomas Ross of Company G, Twelfth Infantry ; Corporal John Killian, Batter}' B, Fourth Artillery ; private Eugene Anderson, Com- pany F, Twelfth Infantry, and private Robert Wilton, Company G, Twelfth Infantry. At five minutes to ten, Applegate and Dave Hill mounted the gallows and explained to them that the orders that were about to be read were in relation to their sentence and execution. This occupied about five minutes. Schonchin, as Dave Hill descended the steps, turned round and spoke a few words to him. Several wagons, filled with Oregonians, were corralled in the shade of some small pines to the right and front of the scaffold. After reading the orders relating to the execution, the Adju- tant read the order commuting the sentence of Barncho and Sloluck. Four or five dogs belonging to the garrison basked in the shadow of the gallows, which was thrown forward the bright sun being behind the condemned. Six coffins were stored under the gallows. At a quarter past ten o'clock Chap- lain Heugemborg stepped forward and read the Episcopal ser- vice for the condemned prisoners. A gentle breeze swept across the field. After the Chaplain had concluded, Colonel Hoge, who had stepped down from the gallows, approached a bucket of water, lowered a dipper and took a drink. He ascended the gallows stairway, and directed a non-commissioned officer to carry some water to the condemned. Black Jim and Boston each swallowed a mouthful of water. Jack and Schonchin re- fused to drink. The nooses were then adjusted, the black cap was first drawn over Jack, then another placed on Schonchin, and another on Boston, Black Jim seeing the sunlight last. The caps consisted of black-canvas, condemned army haver- sacks. Three minutes of terrible suspense followed. The con- 100 MODOC JACK *^- demned were tnen compelled to stand up. Colonel Hoge took out a white handkerchief and dropped it. At 10: 15 o'clock, precisely, Corporal Ross raised his hatchet, and with a flourish, it severed the rope, and the drop fell with a report as though one plank had /alien upon another. The four condemned fell heavily. At the same moment, the clear voice of Captain Has- brouck broke the awful stillness with the command, " Jn parade rest !" The four bodies swung round several times, and then spun round the other way. Captain Jack never moved a mus- cle. Schonchin and Boston Charley died hard. Black Jim also died without a struggle. The bodies were then cut down and buried. THE END WILL BE ISSUED MAY 10th, 1876, P5 WITT'S SCHOOL SPEAKERS, No. 5. THE L, CONTAINING ftber of the most Effective, Eloquent, Instructive and Brilliant fitted for Oratorial Practice, and Display in Public and ate Schools and Academies. is volume will be found well stored with pieces depicting every passion 4 'most every shade of emotion that the heart is capable of feeling. Rage, Anger, Love, Despair, Hope, have all articles fully exhibit- d expressing these vpied sensations. Indeed, this book will derive * by comparison with any volume published of a similar PRICE, 10 CENTS. 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