HI nit f (I .States u't t ninial (Tcimmission. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. REPORTS OF THE PRESIDENT, SECRETARY, AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TOGETHER WITH THE JOURNAL OF THE FINAL SESSION OF THE COMMISSION. VOL. II. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. I 880. MESSAGE country, as well as my own, in assigning to this Exhibition a measure' * of success gratifying the pride and patriotism of our people, and full of promise to the great industrial and commercial interests of the country. The very ample and generous contributions which the 3 foreign nations made to the splendor and usefulness of the Exhibition, /?} and the cordiality with which their representatives took part in our national commemoration, deserve our profound acknowledgments. At this close of the great services rendered by the United States Centennial Commission and the Centennial Board of Finance, it gives \J me great pleasure to commend to your attention, and that of the people of the whole country, the laborious, faithful, and prosperous performance of their duties which have marked the administration of their respective trusts. R. B. HAYES. rf- 5) WASHINGTON, March 3, 1879. TABLE OF CONTENTS. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT 9 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 107 REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 139 JOURNAL OF THE FINAL SESSION ;47 FINAL REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, jlnter national 1876 UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. To THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: SIR, The members of the United States Centennial Commission, appointed under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1871, and instructed thereby, and by the Act of June I, 1872, to conduct an " International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine" in the year 1876, in commemoration of the One Hundredth Anniver- sary of American Independence, have the honor to submit to you, in the accompanying volumes, their final report of the history and results of the Exhibition and Celebration, in accordance with the requirements of the aforesaid Acts. RICHARD M. NELSON, JAMES L. COOPER, Alabama. ' RICHARD C. McCORMICK, JOHN WASSON, Arizona. GEO. W. LAWRENCE, GEO. E. DODGE, Arkansas. J. DUNBAR CREIGH, California. N. C. MEEKER, Colorado. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, WM. P. BLAKE, Connecticut. JOHN A. BURBANK, SOLOMON L. SPINK, Dakota. JOHN K. KANE, JOHN H. RODNEY, Delaware. JAMES E. DEXTER, LAWRENCE A. GOBRIGHT, District of Columbia. 5 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. T. H. OSBORN, J. T. BERNARD, Florida. GEO. HILLYER, RICHARD PETERS, JR., Georgia. THOMAS DONALDSON, CHRISTOPHER W. MOORE, Idaho. FREDERICK L. MATTHEWS, LAWRENCE WELDON, Illinois. JOHN L. CAMPBELL, FRANKLIN C. JOHNSON, Indiana. ROBERT LOWRY, COKER F. CLARKSON, Iowa. JOHN A. MARTIN, GEO. A. CRAWFORD, Kansas. ROBERT MALLORY, SMITH M. HOBBS, Kentucky. JOHN LYNCH, EDWARD PENINGTON, Louisiana. JOSHUA NYE, CHAS. H. HASKELL, Maine. JOHN H. B. LATROBE, SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, Maryland. GEO. B. LORING, WM. B. SPOONER, Massachusetts. V. P. COLLIER, CLAUDIUS B. GRANT, Michigan. J. FLETCHER WILLIAMS, W. W. FOLWELL, Minnesota. O. C. FRENCH, M. EDWARDS, Mississippi. JOHN MCNEIL, SAMUEL HAYS, Missouri. JOSEPH P. WOOLMAN, PATRICK A. LARGEY, Montana. HENRY S. MOODY, R. W. FURNAS, Nebraska. W. W. xMcCOY, JAMES W. HAINES, Nevada. EZEKIEL A. STRAW, M. V. B. EDGERLY, New Hampshire. ORESTES CLEVELAND, JOHN G. STEVENS, New Jersey. ELDRIDGE W. LITTLE, STEPHEN B. ELKINS, New Mexico. N. M. BECKWITH, C. P. KIMBALL, New York. SAMUEL F. PHILLIPS, JONATHAN W. ALBERTSON, North Ccr*\na. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, WILSON W. GRIFFITH, Ohio. JAMES W. VIRTUE, ANDREW J. DUFUR, Oregon. DANIEL J. MORRELL, ASA PACKER, Pennsylvania. GEORGE H. CORLISS, ROYAL C. TAFT. Miode Island. WILLIAM GURNEY, ARCHIBALD CAMERON, South Carolina. THOMAS H. COLD WELL, WILLIAM F. PROSSER, Tennessee. WILLIAM H. PARSONS, JOHN C. CHEW, Texas. WILLIAM HAYDON, C. R. GILCHRIST, Utah. MIDDLETON GOLDSMITH, HENRY CHASE, Vermont. F. W. M. HOLLIDAY, M. P. HANDY, Virginia. ELWOOD EVANS, ALEXANDER S. ABERNETHY, Washington Territory. ALEXANDER R. BOTELER, ANDREW J. SWEENEY, West. Virginia. DAVID ATWOOD, EDWARD D. HOLTON, Wisconsin. JOSEPH M. CAREY, ROBERT H. LAM BORN, Wyoming. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COMMISSION At the final meeting of the Commission, held at Philadelphia, January 15, 1879, the President, General Joseph R. Hawley, made the following REPORT. GENTLEMEN OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION : After consultation with the Director-General, the Chairman of the Report of Executive Committee, and the active managers of the Board of Fi- nance, I issued notices, on the 22d of November, 1878, of this meet- ing of the Commission to be held at the Continental Hotel, Philadel- phia, at 12 M., January 15, 1879, with a view to substantially closing our labors. There will be to-day submitted to you, in eleven volumes, the final reports of the Secretary of the Commission, the President's account of the chief ceremonies, the reports of the Executive Com- mittee, of the Director-General and his subordinate Chiefs of Bureaus, of the Chief of the Bureau of Awards, the full reports of the Judges, a condensed statement of the accounts of the Board of Finance; in short, the full records of the International Exhibition of 1876. I heartily congratulate you, gentlemen, upon the brilliant success of the great enterprise in which we have had the honor of participat- ing. The precise measure of that success, in comparison with preced- ing or subsequent International Exhibitions, we must leave to others to estimate, but none know so well as we that the difficulties and em- barrassments of the work were peculiar and unprecedented. In re- porting to the President of the United States, in accordance with the Act of June I, 1872, "a full exhibit of the results" of the Celebration kad Exhibition, a brief review of the circumstances, favorable and Unfavorable, is essential to a fair judgment of such results as either mrpassed or fell short of reasonable expectations. 2 9 IO INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Kcp..rt of the It is now generally conceded that it was fitting that "the comple- tion of the first century of our national existence should be com- memorated by an exhibition of the natural resources of the country, their development, and of its progress in those arts which benefit mankind, in comparison with those of older nations;" also that "the Exhibition should be a national celebration, in which the people of the whole country should participate," and that " it should have the sanction of the Congress of the United States." But, although these expressions found a place in the Act of March 3, 1871, which created the United States Centennial Commission and provided for " cele- brating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine" in Philadelphia, in' 1876, the propriety of holding an Exhibition at all as a means of celebrating the Cen- tennial, and especially of inviting other nations to an International Exhibition, were vigorously disputed afterwards, even after fourteen or fifteen nations had cordially signified their purpose to partici- pate. The first embarrassment encountered was the imperfect character of the Act constituting the Commission. No appropriation was made by Congress for the financial needs of the enterprise, and the Act indicated no source of supply. The creation of an asso- ciate corporation adapted to the collection, care, and disbursement of moneys became the very first object of the Commission upon its organization, as I indicated in my remarks accepting the presidency, in March, 1872. The Act incorporating the "Centennial Board of Finance" was drawn by the Executive Committee of the Commission immediately thereafter. It passed Congress, and received the approval of the President June I, 1872. It was broadly national in its character, naming two corporators from each Congressional district throughout the nation, and four for each State and Territory at large. The pre- liminary organization was confided to the Commission. The Board had authority to secure subscriptions of capital stock to an amount not exceeding ten millions, to be divided into shares not exceeding ten dollars each. Books of subscription were opened by the Com- mission, and an opportunity given for one hundred days to the inhab- itants of each State and Territory to subscribe for stock, at the end of which time the Commission was directed to call a meeting of the cor- porators and subscribers to elect a board of twenty-five directors, tc be chosen then and annually thereafter from a list of one hundrec stockholders selected by the Commission. The Board thus organizec was authorized to take charge of all the financial labors of the under REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. U taking, to prepare the grounds, and erect the buildings in accordance Reporter the with the plans of the Commission ; its rules governing rates for en- trance and admission, or otherwise affecting the rights of the exhibitors or the public, were to be established by the Commission ; no grants conferring rights and privileges relating to the Exhibition or Celebra- tion were to.be made without the consent of the Commission, which had power to control or revoke such grants, and to appoint all Judges and Examiners and award all premiums. It was the duty of the Com- mission to supervise the closing of the affairs of the Board, to audit its accounts, and submit a report of the financial results. The directors chosen at the organization of the Board of Finance, April 23, 1873, with no change among the officers, and few among the others, continued in office to the end. The singular combination of two distinct corporations, one legislating for and supervising the other, each having important executive duties, the lines separating their duties being indistinct in some matters, was an accident. No man would have invented the arrangement. It afforded opportunity for difference and debate, and was in a degree cumbrous. But the patriotic devotion of all concerned obviated the difficulties, and it is now a fair question whether the division of labor, the checks and balances of the two organizations, did not largely conduce to the satis- factory operation and conclusion upon which we felicitate ourselves. The most serious obstacles the Commission encountered were out- side of the plain and natural labors belonging to the enterprise itself. Having been overcome, they serve to show the capacity of the American people for voluntary organization, their self-discipline and their energy. Every other International Exhibition has been created or directly adopted by a government, supplied chiefly from that govern- ment's treasury, and conducted by its appointees. The United States government created the Centennial Commission for a great labor and steadily declined to grant it any funds whatever, save what it cost to engrave the certificates of stock and strike the medals. Nor did the Act creating the Commission grant authority or provide means for raising funds. Moreover, after the first proclamation of the President of the United States announcing an Exhibition, and after the procla- mation had been communicated to the diplomatic representatives of all nations, and been accepted as an invitation by twelve or fourteen foreign powers, the Secretary of State felt it his duty, regarding the language of the laws, to address a circular letter to the diplomatic and consular representatives of this country, in which he said : " It will be observed that the President, in his proclamation, has extended no invitation to foreign powers to participate in the Exhibi- 12 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 2876. Report of the tlon. He was not authorized so to do, and while he desired to attract "^ as much attention and interest as possible thereto, he carefully con- fines himself to ' commending' the celebration of the Centennial an- niversary of American independence, and the Exhibition which is to be held in connection therewith, to all nations who may be pleased to take part therein. It is presumed that you will not have, failed to ob- serve the guarded language of the President's proclamation, and the difference between it and that which would be used in extending an invitation to other powers." In the summer and autumn of 1873 arrangements had been made for an extensive canvass of the country for the necessary funds, but in the autumn a great and prolonged financial depression began and rapidly spread over the whole country. Rumors reached us of the private circular above quoted, and it was said that in consequence some foreign governments delayed action. Popular subscriptions were sus- pended. It became an unavoidable necessity to report our condi- tion and show Congress that an appropriation was needed to carry on the work. A bill giving three millions was warmly discussed in the spring of 1874, and it barely failed. But a bill passed by large ma- jorities requesting the President " to extend in the name of the United States a respectful and cordial invitation to the governments of other nations to be represented in and take part in the International Exhi- bition," etc. Thenceforward the co-operation of foreign governments was cordial and prompt. And during the first session of the Forty- fourth Congress a bill passed, approved by the President on the i6th of February, 1876, appropriating to the uses of the Exhibition a mil- lion and a half of dollars upon terms that, after the close of the Ex- hibition, were decided by the Supreme Court to make it a loan. It was fully repaid. As originally drawn the bill contemplated placing the government upon an equality with the shareholders of the Board of Finance. As it was amended and passed, it left the burdens to be borne by the private shareholders, and the States and municipalities that so generously contributed. ' But the loan was of vital importance to the enterprise, not more financially than by the sanction and en- couragement it imparted. In another manner the national government co-operated most effect- ively. Congress appropriated a total of $649,250 toward certificates of stock, custom-house expenses, and a collective exhibition from the ' Executive Departments to " illustrate," in the language of President Grant, January 23, 1874, "the functions and administrative faculties of the government in time of peace, and its resources as a war power, and thereby serve to demonstrate the nature of our institutions and REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 13 their adaptation to the wants of our people." The following govern- Report of the ment board was appointed, and announced March 25, 1874: Treasury Department. Hon. F. A. Sawyer, succeeded by Robert W. Tayler, Esq. War Department. Col. S. C. Lyford, U.S.A. Navy Department. Admiral T. A. Jenkins, U.S.N. Department of the Interior. Prof. John Eaton. Post-Office Department. Dr. Chas. F. McDonald. Department of Agriculture. Wm. Saunders, Esq. Smithsonian Institution. Prof. S. F. Baird. Col. S. C. Lyford served as the chairman. ' The energy, intelligence, and fidelity of this Board, and the value and attractiveness of the government exhibits, form a prominent and honorable chapter in the history of the Exhibition. The expenditures of the government are given me officially as follows : Amount expended on account of Treasury Department $15,500.00 War " . . . 118,292.22 Navy " 63,038.24 Interior " ......... 102,405.25 Post-Office " 4,376.01 Agricultural " 38,014.03 Smithsonian Institution . 71,933.21 Fish Commission 9,856.90 Contingent expenses ......... 41,855.02 Building fund .......... 111,400.00 Engraving and printing Certificates of Stock of the Board of Finance 22,433 33 Expenses of admission of foreign goods 39,902.12 Total net expenditures $639,006.33 Which amount is reduced by proceeds of property returned to the Treasury 2,856.24 The aggregate appropriations by the government were . . . 649,250.00 Leaving a balance of ......... 10,243.67 Something was received at the post-office established on the grounds, and a considerable sum in payment of duties upon foreign articles brought to the Exhibition and afterwards sold for consumption in this country, but " no separate account of such duties was kept by the Treasury Department." The determination to hold an international instead of a purely national exhibition was abundantly vindicated by the results. A presentation of American industries that should exclude articles of foreign growth or manufacture would be a practical impossibility. I4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Report of the An invitation to other nations to participate was required by courtesy, as the United States had formally attended several of the world's fairs held elsewhere, and had received awards beyond its proportion of exhibits. Comparison with the work of others is essential to progress. It is needed to show the effects on industries and arts produced by cli- mate, race, geographical position, and social and political institutions. An International Exhibition invariably tells each nation, especially that one acting as host, something of its deficiencies and errors, im- proves existing manufactures, introduces new ones, influences agri- culture, opens new markets, gives new inventions a world-wide advertisement, cultivates taste, not alone in paintings and sculpture, but in textile fabrics, household furniture, and decoration, and even in the making of useful implements and machinery, affords millions of people to whom travel is a forbidden luxury an opportunity to see the best the world does in all things, and, best of all, teaches nations mutual respect, shows them their interdependence, breaks down prejudice, strengthens good will, gives war an additional shade of horror, and discloses more of the loveliness of peace. All this the Exhibition of 1876 has done. The improvement in taste during the two years since it closed has been clear and considerable. It is made known in all the direc- tions I have indicated. There is a strong demand for more skill and elegance in the forms of decorations of pottery and porcelains and furniture, a better judgment in the fine arts and in architecture. This is recognized by the manufacturers, and the supply is answering the demand. The study of the arts of design has received a great impetus. The American people were greatly instructed in a knowledge of the progress and condition of the arts and manufactures of their own country, and the extent and value of its agricultural and mining re- sources. They assuredly under-estimated the former. Notwithstand- ing the triumphs gained in previous Exhibitions, the majority of our people were not prepared for the high praise bestowed upon the ingenuity and effectiveness of American machinery and implements, and the variety and excellence of American manufactures, by foreign judges. And these opinions have been justified by the subsequent increase in the quantity and variety of our exports. The extraordinary inventive activity of Americans is credited to the necessities of our situation, regarding both its new wants and its distance from the Old World, which stimulated new devices and home construction to save transportation, to the general prevalence of edu- cation, and to our patent laws. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. l $ Said a correspondent of the London Times: "The American in- Report of the vents as the Greek sculptured and the Italian painted : it is genius." The departments of machinery and agriculture were never so dis- tinctly and conspicuously presented and honored in any previous Exhibition. In the invention and manufacture of machinery and machine tools the high rank attained by Americans is universally admitted. This acknowledged excellence, and our high tariffs, both forbidding the hope of an extensive market here, combined to diminish the extent of the foreign exhibit ; yet there was a great deal from abroad that was instructive and valuable. The intense pursuit of new ideas and processes in machinery, the general (I wish I could say universal) education of our people, the less powerful influence among us of trades-unions, and the readiness of our industrial classes to accept new machinery and adapt themselves to new requirements, have had a most gratifying effect in enabling us unexpectedly to enter the field of international competition, even in making articles of small size, easy transportation, and comparatively large cost. When we find American watches, cutlery, and jewelry taking the place of foreign manufactures here, and crossing the ocean to compete in foreign markets, we may well be encouraged to believe that no branch of art and industry whatever can be permanently closed against us. As our foreign trade revives it is exceedingly gratifying to observe the high standard so much American work maintains. The number is growing yearly of firms and corporations whose names and trade- marks are of themselves a valuable property, because they are ac- cepted not alone as marking useful ideas, but as a sure guarantee of uniformly honest work. It is largely due to the persistency of such that trade-mark treaties for their protection have been made with Eng- land, Germany, France, Austria, Russia, and Belgium. These facts are weighty with good promise for the future. Taken as a whole, the presentation of the mining resources of the country was well made. Marvelous as it was, it was less a surprise than the progress made in manufacturing. The ten acres of the Agricultural Building and its annexes con- tained much more of the productions of foreign nations than might have been expected, when one considers the burden of transpor- tation. It was an early hope of the Commission that there would be many State exhibits in this department, particularly from the States in the West and South, which are inviting immigration. The hope was but partially gratified; yet individual enterprise and the public spirit of various societies and corporations, supplementing the !6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Report of the systematic work of the National Agricultural Bureau and the remark- able typical display made by Kansas, sufficed to give a grand but still imperfect idea of the resources of the country. The statistics of our enormous exports of animal and vegetable food are familiar to the public. In that regard, the necessities of the world and the illimit- able extent of our fertile lands place us beyond the reach of injurious competition. A single illustration of our agricultural resources may be interesting. Less than two per cent, of the area of the cotton States is used in producing cotton, yet we produce three-fourths of all that is manufactured in Europe and the United States. Four per cent, of the area of Texas alone would be capable of producing it all. In the early stages of the work most doubt, perhaps, was ex- pressed concerning the probability of a successful Art Department. We were at an obvious disadvantage in this, in comparison with any European capital in which an Exhibition had been held. The distance * and danger of transportation considered, the contributions from abroad were unexpectedly valuable. A few prominent American artists were conspicuously unrepresented. But Memorial Hall and its annexes contained by far the largest and most valuable collection ever assem- bled in this country, and proved a source of instruction and great delight to millions who are debarred the pleasure of a journey to European homes of art. The obvious facts of the experience of the American people in conducting large enterprises the building and managing great rail- roads and manufactories, in transporting immense quantities of ma- terial over long distances, in moving, feeding, and clothing great bodies of men should have barred out one of the objections to the Exhibition made in its early days, viz., that they were not accustomed to such affairs, and would probably fail to conduct it properly. It was only necessary to classify and subdivide the work, and appoint competent chiefs of the subdivisions. While our means forbade attempts at mere display in architecture, the prime rule of the art, the full accommodation of the service desired, was thoroughly obeyed, and so much of grace in form and decoration was superadded as the funds and the temporary character of the buildings justified. Fortunately, Pennsylvania and Phila- delphia felt justified in placing upon Fairmount Park two noble permanent buildings, the Memorial and Horticultural Halls. These and the numerous minor edifices erected by various States, nations, individuals, and corporations, upon the magnificent site in Fair- mount Park, upon which Philadelphia expended large sums in prep- aration, combined to form a general view of surpassing beauty REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. X j and attractiveness. All the buildings for which the Commission and Report of the Board of Finance were responsible were ready in time, and the grand Corliss engine began its labors precisely upon the contracted time, one month before the opening. In the largeness of the inclosure, the beauty of the scene, the con- veniences provided, and the punctuality with which the preparations were completed, no previous Exhibition equaled this. Quite as satis- factory were the liberal and thorough arrangements made by the chief railways running near, whose officers made heavy expenditures upon new tracks and rolling-stock, so that materials, goods, and pas- sengers were delivered and received with marvelous ease and exact- ness, and without an accident. During the Exhibition, and since, we have never been left in doubt as to the satisfaction with which the management was viewed and enjoyed by our foreign visitors. A frequent topic of gratifying comment was the behavior of the people at large. An average of about 62,333 a day entered the gates during the six months. There was never an instance of riotous or tumultuous conduct, or even, it may be said, of noisy or angry talk, and the few arrests for petty offenses are unmentionable when their proportion to the ten millions of entrances is considered. Good order, patience, courtesy, and good humor were the characteristics of the multitude on the most crowded days. I have caused to be compiled an account of the chief ceremonies connected with the Exhibition, on the opening day, May 10; on the assembling of the Judges, May 24; the Fourth of July; on the presentation of the Awards, September 27; and the closing day, Nov- ember IO, the general supervision of which was largely placed within my own more immediate sphere of duty. These were the principal official and formal assemblages ; there were numerous other occasions of great interest. There were many " State days," so called, upon each of which citizens of a State assembled and listened to an address, usually historical; and in many cases the Governor of the State at- tended with more or less of ceremony. The interchange of social cour- tesies between the Commissioners of various countries, and between them and our own Commissioners, was frequent. It was made an objection (though not until the enterprise had well progressed) that the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary was not altogether a suitable occasion for inviting to a joint Exhibition and Cel- ebration the representatives of widely different forms of government. It is a great pleasure to record that the acceptances were couched in the most cordial terms; the intercourse with foreign Commissioners was entirely the most agreeable imaginable; and the sympathy with 3 I 8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Report of the our national pride in celebrating a century of growth in this com- paratively young member of the family of nations was unreserved and most neighborly. The representatives of Great Britain were foremost in fulfilling the wish of George III. in announcing the independence of the colonies, that " religion, language, interests, and affections may, and I hope will, yet prove a bond of permanent union between the two coun- tries." On the evening of May 1 1, the day after the opening, Sir Edward Thornton, the honored Minister of Great Britain, gave a costly and formal dinner in honor of the occasion. During the whole six months St. George's Hall (the charming house of the British Commission, within the grounds, afterwards presented to Philadel- phia) was the home of cultivated social intercourse and generous hospitality. At the celebration of the Fourth of July, Sir Edward Thornton, Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, and Col. H. B. Sandford, Chief of the British Commission (knighted by her Majesty for his services), were welcome guests and received very enthusiastic greet- ings from the multitude. His Majesty Dom Pedro II., Emperor of Brazil, made a prolonged and thorough examination of the Exhibition, was always greeted with high respect and the utmost good will, attended the opening ceremonies and the Fourth of July celebration, and to the latter con- tributed a " Greeting from Brazil," a hymn composed for the occasion by A. Carlos Gomes, of Brazil, at the request of his Majesty. Lord Dufferin, Governor-General of the dominion of Canada, was a welcome visitor in the autumn. A number of foreign vessels of war came up the Delaware during the summer, and courtesies and hospitalities were exchanged. The Secretary of the Navy ordered the " Hartford," the "Alarm," the beautiful yacht "Despatch," and other vessels to Philadelphia during the summer. Those vessels were visited by very large numbers, and the officers manifested the characteristic courtesy and hospitality of their profession, especially in their attentions to strangers. At the presentation of the Awards, on the 2/th of September, at the banquet given by the Commission and the Board of Finance to the Diplomatic Corps and the Foreign Commissioners, President Grant and the Cabinet attending, November 9, the evening before the Ex- hibition closed, and at the closing ceremonies, November 10, every opportunity was seized by our countrymen to manifest, by the most cordial greeting and enthusiastic applause, good will to other nations ; and the manifestations were appreciated, acknowledged, and returned. The public spirit and enthusiastic co-operation of Philadelphia REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. Io> appear at every stage of our history. The pecuniary outlay of its Report of the people is by no means embraced by a statement of the expenditures p of the city and the subscriptions of private citizens to the stock of the Board of Finance. Many other investments, made for the benefit of the Exhibition, were not returned in visible dividends. The lavish hospitality displayed had an equally noble motive, and supplied the lack of heavy governmental grants for such purposes made in other nations. But, in a larger sense, Philadelphia is repaid. The reflex influence of her good deeds remains, and she has permanently added to her rich store of patriotic traditions. The accounts of the Centennial Board of Finance have been duly audited, in accordance with the law, by the Commission's Committee on Finance, whose report and the balance-sheet of the Board of Finance, to be presented to this meeting of the Commission, will be found in the journal of the final session of the Commission, at the close of this volume. The accounts of the Board are not absolutely closed, owing to one or two unadjusted claims of minor importance and to the printing of these volumes. The shareholders have re- ceived seventeen and one-half per cent, and will probably receive about seven per cent. more. It is deemed best no longer to delay our final reports to the President of the United States on that account. The President of the United States conferred a great favor by ordering the detail of two army and two navy officers to assist me during the Exhibition in the ceremonies and receptions constantly occurring, in paying proper attention to the military and naval officers from abroad, and in attending to the numerous visits of the national guard of several States, and various volunteer military organizations. I gratefully acknowledge their most agreeable association and service. They were Lieutenant-Colonel Luther P. Bradley, Qth Infantry, Brigadier- General of Volunteers. Major Lewis Merrill, /th Cavalry, Brevet Brigadier-General of Volunteers. Commodore Edward Calhoun, U.S.N. Commander George D. Ryan, U.S.N. Lieutenant H. G. O. Colby, U.S.N. The capable and faithful employees in my office were, Captain E. Lewis Moore, private Secretary. John Hayes, Stenographer. William P. Jones, Clerk. William J. Devine, Clerk. William F. Clark, Clerk and Messenger. Stephen Cox, Messenger. 20 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Report of the At the organization of the Commission, in March, 1872, I joined you in electing to the office of President of the Commission the Hon. Daniel J. Morrell, of Pennsylvania, one of the earliest pro- moters of the work, and since then the able and effective Chairman of our Executive Committee. He declined the place, and you did me the honor to elect me in his stead, and have kept me at this post six years and ten months, until the close. Except the Executive Com- mittee, which has for a part of the time been elective, I have appointed all your committees, have served as ex officio a member of your Ex- ecutive Committee, and have devoted nearly two years exclusively to the cause. My gratitude for your uniform kindness it is beyond my power to express. A view of the magnitude of the work impresses me with a sense of the smallness of my individual share therein, but it shall be one of the great satisfactions of our lives to remember that we have been associated nearly seven years in preparing and conducting a successful International Exhibition, held in honor of the Centennial of our country's independence, which has done something to strengthen fraternity among our own countrymen, enlarge the arts and sciences, extend the knowledge thereof, encourage and honor labor, and promote peace and good will throughout the world. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President. CEREMONIES OF THE EXHIBITION CEREMONIES OF THE EXHIBITION. The management of the Exhibition had to provide for certain cere- Exhibition monial exercises incident to its conduct, and also to facilitate many c gatherings of state, municipal, national, industrial, social, and other organizations. The principal ceremonies officially connected with the Centennial Celebration were four in number, and are described in detail in the following pages, namely: Opening of the International Exhibition, May 10, 1876. Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1876. Distribution of Awards to Foreign and American exhibitors, September 27, 1876. Closing Ceremonies, November 10, 1876. A number of the State governments arranged excursions to the Exhibition by the executive and legislative officers and citizens gen- erally, who held meetings in their respective State Buildings or in the Judges' Hall. These " State days," as they were termed, were as follows : August 24 New Jersey. September 7 Connecticut. September 14 Massachusetts. September 21 New York. September 28 Pennsylvania. October 5 Rhode Island. October 12 New Hampshire. October 19 Delaware and Maryland. October 26 Ohio. October 27 Vermont. The Governor of each State and Territory was requested to appoint an orator, who should deliver an address upon its history, progress, present condition, and resources. Such addresses were delivered during the period of the Exhibition in the Judges' Hall, as follows:* Mississippi A. M. West. Dacotah M. K. Armstrong. District of Columbia Thomas Wilson. Ohio E. D. Mansfield. Iowa C. C. Nourse. Texas R. B. Hubbard. Nebraska Samuel Aughey. Oregon H. L. Gilfrey. Utah C. W. Bennet. Idaho Thomas Donaldson. Maryland J. V. Findley. New Jersey Abraham Browning. North Carolina Prof. Kerr. Nevada Gen. T. H. Williams. Vermont Henry Clark. Missouri Thomas Allen. Tennessee J. C. Brown. West Virginia W. K. Pendleton. Indiana John L. Campbell. Illinois C. H. Forster. Maine Gen. Chamberlain. Washington Territory Elwood Evans. Florida T. W. Osborn. Colorado J. M. Paul. Arizona R. C. McCormick. Montana W. A. Clark. Arkansas David Walker. * On application for these addresses, so few of them were furnished in a form available for publication that it became necessary to omit them from this report. 23 24 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Exhibition The other principal assemblages held within the Exhibition grounds Ceremonies. were : May 23 Session of True Tempi are. May 24 Meeting of Judges of Awards. May 30 Decoration Day. May 30 Opening of the Bankers' Building. June I Parade of Knights Templar. June 7 Convention in Brewers' Hall. June 12 Women's International Temperance Convention. June 15 Dedication of Ice-Water Fountain by the Sons of Temperance. June 27-July 10 Encampment of the West Point Cadets. July I Excursion of Soldiers' Orphans from Lincoln Home. July 4 Dedication of the Catholic Total Abstinence Beneficial Society's Fountain. [For proceedings at the Centennial Celebration of the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall, see pages 41-76.] July 6, 7, 8, 13, 18, ig, 20, 21 Excursions given by the Philadelphia and Reading Rail- road to its employees. July 15 Encampment of the Columbus (Ohio) Cadets. August 3. 9 Arrival of Pennsylvania Troops for encampment at Camp Anthony Wavne. August 20 Excursion of Steinway & Sons' Employees. August 22 National and International Rowing Matches began on Schuylkill River. August 23 Parade of the Knights of Pythias. August 28 Parade of Swiss Citizens. August 29 Reception by the Mayor of Philadelphia in the Municipal Building. September i-October 18 Live-Stock Exhibitions. September 2 Encampment of Connecticut National Guard. September 4 International Medical Congress. September 20 Odd-Fellows' Day. September 23 International Rifle-Teams (Scotch, Irish, Australian, and American) visited the Exhibition. September 28 Fireworks (" Pennsylvania Day"). October 7 Encampment of Cadets of Virginia Military Institute. October 12 Dedication of Statue of Columbus. October 14 Dedication of Statue of Dr. Witherspoon. October 19 Tournament. October 26 Merchants' Day. November 2 Dedication of Statue to Bishop Allen (by colored citizens). November 7 Reception by Women's Centennial Executive Committee. November 9 International Pyrotechnic Contest. November 10 Closing Ceremonies. Detailed accounts of the four principal ceremonies, which were under the immediate charge of the Centennial Commission, are here appended. THE OPENING CEREMONIES t 4 OPENING OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. The ceremony of the opening of the Exhibition, on May 10, 1876, Opening was conducted out-doors, within a space defined by the Main Exhi- bition Building and Memorial Hall, on the south and north, and minor buildings at the east and west, an area of about 300 by 700 feet. The central entrances of the Main Building and Memorial Hall exactly faced one another, and before each was erected staging for the accommodation of the participants in the ceremonial. The southernmost stage, which rose like steps over the entrance of the Main Building, had a capacity for seating the chorus of 1000 voices and the orchestra of 150 pieces, which were supplemented, through the open windows at the back of the stage, by the mighty notes of the grand organ in the gallery of the Main Building, immediately behind the chorus. Facing this, some 300 feet distant, and arranged somewhat in the form of an amphitheatre, were seats that formed an extension of the raised terrace on which the Memorial Hall stands, where room was provided for the orators and officers of the day and for the invited guests. These were admitted, by tickets, to their designated sections upon the stage, as follows : The President of the United States and Cabinet. The Supreme Court of the United States. The Diplomatic Corps. The Senate of the United States. The House of Representatives. Governors of the States and their Staffs. Governor, State Officers, Supreme Court, and Legislature of Pennsylvania. United States Centennial Commission. Centennial Board of Finance. Women's Centennial Executive Committees. The Foreign Commissioners. The Boards and Bureaus of the Exhibition. The Board of Judges of Awards. Judges of United States Courts and Officers of United States Executive Bureaus. Mayor, City Councils, and City Departments of Philadelphia. Representatives of the Army and Navy, Smithsonian Institution, Naval Observatory. Mayors of Cities. State Centennial Boards. Women's Centennial Committees. Foreign Consuls. Representatives of the Press. Committees of Associations connected with the Exhibition. 27 2 8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. opening The great number of persons included in this list of invited guests made it impossible to admit to the stage persons not holding official positions that required recognition, to the exclusion even of some of the most generous contributors to the Exhibition enterprise. The concourse of spectators within sight of the ceremonies, though largely not within hearing distance, was estimated as above 110,000. At the head of the military parade which moved, early in the morning, from the city to the Exhibition grounds was the First Troop of Philadelphia City Cavalry, acting as the body-guard of the President of the United States.* This was succeeded by the two organizations which escorted Governor Rice, of Massachusetts, and his staff the Boston Cadets and the Boston Lancers. Governor Hartranft, of Pennsylvania, with his staff, followed. Then came Major-General Bankson, commanding a large body of Pennsylvania troops. The order of exercises was as follows : National Airs, by the Orchestra, Theodore Thomas, Musical Director, beginning at 10.15 A.M., as guests entered, viz. : The Washington March. Argentine Republic. Marcha de la Republica. Austria. Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser. Belgium. La Brabanfonne. Brazil. Hymno Brasileira Nacional. Denmark. Volkslied den tappre Landsoldat. France. La Marseillaise. Germany Was ist das Deutsche Vat er land ? Great Britain. God Save the Queen. Italy. Marcia del Re. Netherlands. Wie neerlandsch bloed. Norway. National Hymn. Russia. National Hymn. Spain. Riego^s Spanish National Hymn. Sweden. Volksongen (JBevare Gud var Kung). Switzerland. Heil dir> Helvetia. Turkey. March . Hail Columbia. 10.30. Arrival of the President of the United States. Centennial Inauguration March, by Richard Wagner. Prayer, by Bishop Matthew Simpson. * The " City Troop," as it is familiarly termed by Philadelphians, served as the body- 'guard of General Washington during the Revolution, and earned the right to inscribe the names of " Trenton" and " Princeton" on its colors, and during the civil war that of "Gettysburg." Since Washington's day it has acted as the body-guard of Presidents visiting Philadelphia. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 29 Hymn, by John Greenleaf Whittier. Music by John K. Paine, of Massachusetts. Opening Organ and Orchestral accompaniment. Ceremonies Presentation of the Buildings to the Commission by the President of the Centennial Board of Finance. Cantata, by Sidney Lanier, of Georgia. Music by Dudley Buck, of Connecticut. Basso Solo by Myron W. Whitney, of Boston. Presentation of the Exhibition to the President of the United States by the President of the Centennial Commission. Address by the President of the United States. Unfurling of the Flag, Hallelujah Chorus, Salutes of Artillery, and Ringing of the Chimes. Procession through the Main Building and Machinery Hall. Reception by the President of the United States in the Judges' Pavilion. In accordance with the arrangements for the day provided by the Centennial Commission, all the gates, except those at the east end of the Main Building, were opened to the public at 9 A.M., at the estab- lished rate of admission of fifty cents. The Main Building, Memorial Hall, and Machinery Hall were reserved for guests and exhibitors until the conclusion of the ceremonies, about I P.M., when all restric- tions were withdrawn. The President of the United States was escorted to the Exhibition by Governor Hartranft, of Pennsylvania, with troops from Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Invited guests entered the Main Building from the carriage concourse at the east end, or by the south-middle entrance on Elm Avenue. The doors were opened to them at 9 A.M. They passed to the platform in front of Memorial Hall through the north-middle doors of the Main Build- ing, and were requested to occupy their places before 10.15 A.M. All the space in the vicinity of the platform, save what was needed for passage, was open to the public. Seats on the platform for the ladies invited were provided, and they were invited to join the procession. No flags or ensigns, except those permanently fixed in the buildings, were displayed on the morning of the loth until the signal was given. The organs and other musical instruments and the bells awaited the same notice. When the President of the United States declared the Exhibition open, the flag on the staff near him was unfurled as a signal for the raising of all other flags and ensigns, the ringing of the chimes, the salute of one hundred guns on George's Hill, and the singing of the Hallelujah CJiorus, of Handel, by the chorus, with organ and orchestral accompaniment. Immediately upon the an- nouncement, the Foreign Commissioners passed into the Main Build- ing and took places upon the general avenue opposite their respective sections. The President of the Unite* 1 States, conducted by the Director-General of the Exhibition, and followed by the guests of the day, passed through the Main Building. As the President passed 30 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. the Foreign Commissioners they were severally presented to him and joined the procession, and the whole body moved to Machinery Hall. On his way the President was saluted by his military escort, formed in two lines between the buildings. In Machinery Hall, the President and His Majesty Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, assisted by George H. Corliss, set in motion the great engine and the ma- chinery connected therewith. No further formal order of procession was pursued. The President and guests were escorted by way of the north main aisle of Machinery Hall to the doors of the eastern tower and to the Judges' Pavilion, where the President of the United States held a brief reception. The prayer, hymn, cantata, and speeches provided for in the pro- gramme were as follows : PRAYER BY BISHOP MATTHEW SIMPSON, OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Almighty and everlasting God, our Heavenly Father. Heaven is Thy throne and the earth is Thy footstool. Before Thy majesty and holiness the angels veil their faces, and the spirits of the just made perfect bow in humble adoration. Thou art the creator of all things, the preserver of all that exist, whether they be thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. The minute and the vast, atoms and worlds, alike attest the ubiquity of Thy presence and the omnipotence of Thy sway. Thou alone art the sovereign ruler of nations. Thou raisest up one and easiest down another, and Thou givest the kingdoms of the world to whom- soever Thou wilt. The past with all its records is the unfolding of Thy counsels and the realization of Thy grand designs. We hail Thee as our rightful ruler, the King eternal, immortal, and invisible, the only true God, blessed for evermore. We come on this glad day, O Thou God of our fathers, into these courts with thanksgiving and into these gates with praise. We bless Thee for Thy wonderful goodness in the past, for the land which Thou gavest to our fathers, a land veiled from the ages, from the ancient world, but revealed in the fullness of time to Thy chosen people, whom Thou didst lead by Thine own right hand through the billows of the deep, a land of vast ex- tent, of towering mountains and broad plains, of unnumbered products and of untold treasures. We thank Thee for the fathers of our country, men of mind and of might, who endured privations and sacrifices, who braved multiplied dangers rather than defile their consciences, or be untrue to their God, men who laid on the broad foundations of truth and justice the grand structure of civil freedom. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 3! We praise Thee for the closing century, for the founders of the Republic, Opening for the immortal Washington and his grand associates; for the wisdom Ccremonie - with which they planned, and the firmness and heroism, which, under Thy blessing, led them to triumphant success. Thou wast their shield in hours of danger, their pillar of cloud by day, and their pillar of fire by night. May we, their sons, walk in their footsteps and imitate their virtues ! We thank Thee for social and national prosperity and progress, for valu- able discoveries and multiplied inventions, for labor-saving machinery, relieving the toiling masses, for schools, free as the morning light for the millions of the rising generation, for books and periodicals scattered like leaves of autumn over the land, for art and science, for freedom to worship God according to the dictates of conscience, for a church unfettered by the trammels of state. Bless, we pray Thee, the President of the United States and his constitu- tional advisers, the Judges of the Supreme Court, the Senators and Repre- sentatives in Congress, the Governors of our several Commonwealths, the officers of the Army and the Navy, and all who are in official position throughout our land. Guide them, we pray Thee, with counsels of wisdom, and may they ever rule in righteousness. We ask Thy blessing to rest upon the President and members of the Centennial Commission, and upon those associated with them in the various departments, who have labored long and earnestly, amidst anxieties ,and difficulties, for the success of this enterprise. May Thy special blessing, O thou God of all the nations of the earth, rest upon our National guests, our visitors from distant lands ! We welcome them to our shores, and we rejoice in their presence among us, whether they repre- sent thrones, or culture, or research, or whether they come to exhibit the triumphs of genius and art, in the development of industry, and in the progress of civilization. Preserve Thou them, we beseech Thee, in health and safety, and in due time may they be welcomed by loved ones again to their own, their native lands! Let Thy blessing rest richly on this Centennial Celebration. May the lives and health of all interested be precious in Thy sight ! Preside in its assemblies. Grant that this association in effort may bind more closely together every part of our great Republic, so that our Union may be per- petual and indissoluble. Let its influence draw the nations of earth into a happier unity. Hereafter, we pray Thee, may all disputed questions be settled by arbitration, and not by the sword, and may wars forever cease among the sons of men ! May the new century be better than the past ! more radiant with the light of true philosophy, warmer with the emanations of a world -wide sympathy! May capital, genius, and labor be freed from all antagonism by the establishment and application of such principles of justice and equity as shall reconcile diversified interests and bind in imperishable bonds all parts of society ! 32 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 2876. Opening We pray Thy benediction especially on the women of America, who, for Ceremonies. t | ie rst t j me j n t j ie history of our race, take so conspicuous a place in a national celebration. May the light of their intelligence, purity, and enterprise shed its beams afar, until in distant lands their sisters may realize the beauty and glory of Christian freedom and elevation ! We beseech Thee, Almighty Father, that our beloved Republic may be strengthened in every element of true greatness, until her mission 'is accomplished by pre- senting to the world an illustration of the happiness of a free people, with a free church, in a free state, under laws of their own enactment, and under rulers of their own selection, acknowledging supreme allegiance only to the King of kings and Lord of lords. And as Thou didst give to one of its illustrious sons first to draw experimentally the electric spark from heaven, which has since girdled the globe in its celestial whispers of " Glory to God in the highest, peace on earth and good will to men," so to latest time may the mission of America, under divine inspiration, be one of affection, brotherhood, and love for all our race ! And may the coming centuries be filled with the glory of our Christian civilization ! And unto Thee, our Father, through Him whose life is the light of men, will we ascribe glory and praise, now and forever. Amen. HYMN BY JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER. MUSIC BY J. K. PAINE, OF MASSACHUSETTS. ORGAN AND ORCHESTRAL ACCOMPANIMENT. Our fathers' God ! from out whose hand The centuries fall like grains of sand, We meet to-day, united, free, And loyal to our land and Thee, To thank Thee for the era done, And trust Thee for the opening one. Here, where of old, by Thy design, The fathers spake that word of Thine, Whose echo is the glad refrain Of rended bolt and falling chain, To grace our festal time, from all The zones of earth our guests we call. Be with us while the new world greets The old world thronging all its streets, Unveiling all the triumphs won By art or toil beneath the sun ; And unto common good ordain This rivalship of hand and brain. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 33 Thou, who hast here in concord furled Opening Ceremonies. The war-flags of a gathered world, Beneath our Western skies fulfill The Orient's mission of good will, And, freighted with Love's Golden Fleece, Send back the Argonauts of peace. For art and labor met in truce, For beauty made the bride of use We thank Thee, while, withal, we crave The austere virtues strong to save, The honor proof to place or gold, The manhood never bought nor sold ! O ! make thou us, through centuries long, In peace secure, in justice strong; Around our gift of freedom draw The safeguards of Thy righteous law ; And, cast in some diviner mould, Let the new cycle shame the old ! PRESENTATION OF THE BUILDINGS TO THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION BY JOHN WELSH, PRESIDENT OF THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. MR. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION : In the presence of the Government of the United States, and of the several distinguished bodies by whom we are surrounded, and in behalf of the Centennial Board of Finance, I greet you. In readiness at the appointed time, I have the honor to announce to you that, under your supervision and in accordance with the plans fixed and established by you, we have erected the buildings belonging to us, and have made all the arrangements devolving on us necessary for the opening of the International Exhibition. We hereby now formally appropriate them for their intended occupation ; and we hold ourselves ready to make all further arrangements that may be needed for carrying into full and complete effect all the requirements of the acts of Congress relating to the Exhibition. For a like purpose we also appropriate the buildings belonging to the State of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia, erected by us at their bidding, to wit : Memorial Hall, Machinery Hall, and Horticultural Hall. These and other substantial offerings stand as the evidence of their patriotic 5 34 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Opening co-operation. To the United States of America, through Congress, we are Ceremonies, indebted for the aid which crowned our success. In addition to those to which I have just referred, there are other beau- tiful and convenient edifices, which have been erected by the representatives of foreign nations, by State authority, and by individuals, which are also devoted to the purposes of the Exhibition. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : If in the past we have met with disappoint- ments, difficulties, and trials, they have been overcome by a consciousness that no sacrifice can be too great which is made to honor the memories of those who brought our nation into being. This commemoration of the events of 1776 excites our present gratitude. The assemblage here to-day of so many foreign representatives uniting with us in this reverential tribute is our reward. We congratulate you on the occurrence of this day. Many of the nations have gathered here in peaceful competition. Ia,ch may profit by the asso- ciation. This Exhibition is but a school; the more thoroughly its lessons are learned, the greater will be the gain, and, when it shall have closed, if by that study the nations engaged in it shall have learned respect for each other, then it may be hoped that veneration for Him who rules on high will become universal, and the angels' song once more be heard, " Glory to God in the highest, And on earth peace, good will towards men." CANTATA BY SIDNEY LANIER, OF GEORGIA. MUSIC BY DUDLEY BUCK, OF CONNECTICUT. BASSO SOLO BY M. W. WHITNEY, OF BOSTON. From this hundred-terraced height Sight more large with nobler light Ranges down yon towering years : Humbler smiles and lordlier tears Shine and fall, shine and fall, While old voices rise and call Yonder where the to-and-fro Weltering of my Long-Ago Moves about the moveless base Far below my resting-place. Mayflower, Mayflower, slowly hither flying, Trembling westward o'er yon balking sea, Hearts within farewell dear England sighing, Winds without But dear in vain replying, Gray-lipp'd waves about thee shouted, crying, No ! It shall not be ! REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 35 Jamestown, out of thee Opening Plymouth, thee thee, Albany Ceremonies. Winter cries, Ye freeze : away! Fever cries, Ye burn : away ! Hunger cries, Ye starve : away ! Vengeance cries, Your graves shall stay ! Then old Shapes and Masks of Things, Framed like Faiths or clothed like Kings Ghosts of Goods once fleshed and fair, Grown foul Bads in alien air War, and his most noisy lords, Tongued with lithe and poisoned swords Error, Terror, Rage, and Crime, All in a windy night of time Cried to me from land and sea, No / Thou shalt not be ! Hark ! Huguenots whispering yea in the dark, Puritans answering yea in the dark ! Yea, like an arrow shot true to his mark, Darts through the tyrannous heart of Denial. Patience and Labor, and solemn-souled Trial, Foiled, still beginning, Soiled, but not sinning, Toil through the stertorous death of the Night, Toil, when wild brother-wars new dark the Light, Toil, and forgive, and kiss o'er, and replight. Now Praise to God's oft-granted grace, Now Praise to Man's undaunted face, Despite the land, despite the sea, I was : I am : and I shall be How long, Good Angel, O how long? Sing me from Heaven a man's own song ! " Long as thine Art shall love true love, Long as thy Science truth shall know, Long as thine Eagle harms no Dove, Long as thy Law by law shall grow, Long as thy God is God above, Thy brother every man below, So long, dear Land of all my love, Thy name shall shine, thy fame shall glow !" 36 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 2876. Op e n g O Music, from this height of time my Word unfold : In thy large signals all men's hearts Man's Heart behold : Mid-heaven unroll thy chords as friendly flags unfurled, And wave the world's best lover's welcome to the world. PRESENTATION OF THE EXHIBITION TO THE PRESI- DENT OF THE UNITED STATES BY JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES CEN- TENNIAL COMMISSION. MR. PRESIDENT: Five years ago, the Congress of the United States declared it fitting that "the completion of the first century of our national existence should be commemorated by an exhibition of the natural resources of the country and their development, and of its progress in those arts which benefit mankind," and ordered that an exhibition of American and foreign arts, products, and manufactures should be held, under the auspices of the Government of the United States, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and severity-six. To put into effect the several laws relating to the Exhibition, the United States Centennial Commission was constituted, composed of two Commissioners from each State and Territory, nominated by their respective Governors, and appointed by the President. The Congress also created our auxiliary and associate corpora- tion, the Centennial Board of Finance, whose unexpectedly heavy burdens have been nobly borne. A remarkable and prolonged disturbance of the finances and industries of the country has greatly magnified the task ; but we hope for a favorable judgment of the degree of success attained. July 4, 1873, this ground was dedicated to its present uses. Twenty-one months ago this Memorial Hall was begun. All the other one hundred and eighty buildings within the inclosure have been erected within twelve months. All the buildings embraced in the plans of the Commission itself are fin- ished. The demands of applicants exceeded the space, and strenuous and continuous efforts have been made to get every exhibit ready in time. By general consent the Exhibition is appropriately held in the City of Brotherly Love. 'Yonder, almost within your view, stands the venerated edifice wherein occurred the event this work is designed to commemorate, and the hall in which the first Continental Congress assembled. Within the present limits of this great Park were the homes of eminent patriots of that era, where Washington and his associates received generous hospitality and able counsel. You have observed the surpassing beauty of the situation placed at our disposal. In harmony with all this fitness is the liberal sup- port given the enterprise by the State, the city, and the people individually. In the name of the United States, you extended a respectful and cordial invitation to the Governments of other nations to be represented and to participate in this Exhibition. You know the very acceptable terms in REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 3 7 which they responded, from even the most distant regions. Their Com- Opening missioners are here, and you will soon see with what energy and brilliancy Ccremoni *- they have entered upon this friendly competition in the arts of peace. It has been the fervent hope of the Commission that, during this festival year, the people from all States and sections, of all creeds and churches, all parties and classes, burying all resentments, would come up together to this birthplace of our liberties, to study the evidence of our resources ; to measure the progress of an hundred years ; and to examine to our profit the wonderful products of other lands; but especially to join hands in per- fect fraternity and promise the God of our fathers that the new century shall surpass the old in the true glories of civilization. And furthermore, that from the association here of welcome visitors from all nations, there may result not alone great benefits to invention, manufactures, agriculture, trade, and commerce, but also stronger international friendships and more lasting peace. Thus reporting to you, Mr. President, under the laws of the Govern- ment and the usage of similar occasions, in the name of the United States Centennial Commission, I present to your view the International Exhibition of 1876. ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, AND PROCLAMATION OF THE OPENING OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876. MY COUNTRYMEN : It has been thought appropriate, upon this Cen- tennial occasion, to bring together in Philadelphia, for popular inspection, specimens of our attainments in the industrial and fine arts, and in litera- ture, science, and philosophy, as well as in the great business of agriculture and of commerce. That we may the more thoroughly appreciate the excellences and de- ficiencies of our achievements, and also give emphatic expression to our earnest desire to cultivate the friendship of our fellow-members of this great family of nations, the enlightened agricultural, commercial, and manufacturing people of the world have been invited to send hither corre- sponding specimens of their skill to exhibit on equal terms in friendly com- petition with our own. To this invitation they have generously responded; for so doing we render them our hearty thanks. The beauty and utility of the contributions will this day be submitted to your inspection by the managers of this Exhibition. We are glad to know that a view of specimens of the skill of all nations will afford to you unal- loyed pleasure, as well as yield to you a valuable practical knowledge of so many of the remarkable results of the wonderful skill existing in enlightened communities. One hundred years ago our country was new and but partially settled. 38 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Opening Our necessities have compelled us to chiefly expend our means and time Ceremonies. j n f e nj n g forests, subduing prairies, building dwellings, factories, ships, docks, warehouses, roads, canals, machinery, etc., etc. Most of our schools, churches, libraries, and asylums have been established within an hundred years. Burdened by these great primal works of necessity, which could not be delayed, we yet have done what this Exhibition will show in the direction of rivaling older and more advanced nations in law, medicine, and theology; in science, literature, philosophy, and the fine arts. While proud of what we have done, we regret that we have not done more. Our achievements have been great enough, however, to make it easy for our people to acknowledge superior merit wherever found. And now, fellow-citizens, I hope a careful examination of what is about to be exhibited to you will not only inspire you with a profound respect for the skill and taste of our friends from other nations, but also satisfy you with the attainments made by our own people during the past one hundred years. I invoke your generous co-operation with the worthy Commissioners to secure a brilliant success to this International Exhibition, and to make the stay of our foreign visitors to whom we extend a hearty welcome both profitable and pleasant to them. I declare the International Exhibition now open. CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF TH# DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 39 THE NATIONAL COMMEMORATION, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, JULY 4, 1876. The order of proceedings for that portion of the commemoration Centennial of the Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence which took place in Independence Square was announced by the Centennial Commission as follows :* THE NATIONAL COMMEMORATION, JULY 4, 1876, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA. The ceremonies observed, under the direction of the United States Centennial Com- mission, in commemoration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence of the United States, take place in Independence Square, Philadelphia, July 4, beginning at 10 A.M. PROGRAMME. i. GRAND OVERTURE, THE GREA T REPUBLIC, founded on the National Air, Hail Columbia, and arranged for the occasion by the composer, George F. Bristow, of New York. Orchestra P. S. Gilmore, Musical Director for the day. 2. THE PRESIDENT OF THE COMMISSION, Joseph R. Hawley, will call the assembly to order, and announce the President of the United States, or, in his absence, the Vice-President, Hon. Thomas W. Ferry, as the presiding officer of the day. 3. PRAYER, by the Rt. Rev. William B. Stevens, D.D., Bishop of Pennsylvania. 4. HYMN, WELCOME TO ALL NA T1ONS. Words by Oliver Wendell Holmes, of Massachusetts. Music, Keller's Hymn. Orchestra and Chorus. * The proceedings on this occasion were arranged by an advisory committee, composed of Messrs. Henry Armitt Brown, John William Wallace, and Charles S. Keyser. 6 41 42 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial 5. READING OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, by Richard Ceremonies, Henry Lee, of Virginia. The original manuscript will be brought forward for the purpose by his Honor the Mayor of Philadelphia, to whose care it has been intrusted by the Presi- dent of the United States. 6. GREETING FROM BRAZIL, a Hymn for the First Centennial of American Independence, composed by A. Carlos Gomes, of Brazil, at the request of His Majesty Dom Pedro II., Emperor of Brazil. Orchestra. 7. POEM, THE NATIONAL ODE, by Bayard Taylor, of Pennsylvania. Intro- duced by John Welsh, President of the Centennial Board of Finance. 8. GRAND TRIUMPHAL MARCH, WITH CHORUS, OUR NATIONAL BANNER. Words by Dexter Smith, of Massachusetts. Music by Sir Julius Benedict, of England. Orchestra and Chorus. 9. ORATION, by William M. Evarts, of New York. io. HALLELUJAH CHORUS, from Handel's Messiah. Orchestra and Chorus. ii. DOXOLOGY, THE OLD HUNDREDTH PSALM, in which all present are requested to join. In the public square at the rear of Independence Hall was erected a sheltered platform, capable of accommodating 5000 invited guests. On the opposite side of Independence Square was a platform for an orchestra of 250 performers and a chorus of I2OO singers, composed of volunteers from the musical associations of Philadelphia, led by Mr. P. S. Gilmore. Long before the hour designated the entire square, even to the branches of its trees and the surrounding streets, had become densely thronged ; and the platform was filled with those for whom seats had been provided. Among the distinguished guests upon the platform were representatives of the diplomatic corps ac- credited to this government; the commissioners of the different nations which participated in the Exhibition ; the Vice-President of the United States and members of the Cabinet, Congress, and Supreme Court of the United States; officers of the army and navy; the Gov- ernors of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Maryland, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Michigan ; officers of the State of Pennsylvania, of Philadelphia, and of neighboring cities ; representatives of various religious bodies, and distinguished citizens of Philadelphia and other cities. As many of these gentlemen appeared upon the platform, especially the gene- rals Sherman and Sheridan, Sir Edward Thornton, the British Minister, and His Majesty Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, they were greeted with enthusiastic applause. At about ten o'clock General Joseph R. Hawley, President of the Centennial Commission, called on the audience for quiet, and sig- naled to the musical director for the performance of the grand over- ture, The Great Republic, which was composed by Mr. George F. Bristow, of New York, upon the basis of the national air, Hail Columbia. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. At the conclusion of the music, General Hawley addressed the Centennial audience: ADDRESS BY JOSEPH R. HAWLEY. FELLOW-CITIZENS AND FRIENDS OF ALL NATIONS: One hundred years ago the Republic was proclaimed on this spot, and we have come together to celebrate to-day, by peaceful and simple observance, our wonder, our pride, and our gratitude. These presences to-day prove the good will ex- isting among all nations. To the strangers among us a thousand welcomes ; to the land we love, liberty, peace, justice, prosperity, and the blessing of God to all time. By direction of the Commission, I have the honor to announce as the presiding officer of the day the Hon. Thomas W. Ferry, Vice-President of the United States. Mr. Ferry then assumed the chair and spoke as follows : ADDRESS BY THOMAS W. FERRY. CITIZENS OF OUR CENTENNIAL : The regretful absence of the President of the United States casts on me the honor of presiding on this eventful occasion. Much as I value the official distinction, I prize much more the fact that severally we hold, and successfully we maintain, the right to the prouder title of American citizen. It ranks all others. It makes office, unmakes officers, and creates States. One hundred years ago, in yonder historical structure, heroic statesmen sat, and gravely chose between royal rule and popular sovereignty. Inspired with the spirit which animated the Roman sage who, on the midst of Mars Hill, declared that of one blood were made all nations of men, those Continental sages echoed in the midst of Independence Hall their immortal declaration that all men are created free and equal. Appealing to the God of justice and of battle for the rectitude and firmness of their purpose, they pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor to the abstract principle of the freedom and equality of the human race. To-day, in this rounding hour of a century, appealing to the same God of justice and of peace, we praise Him for, and pledge our lives, our for- tunes, and our sacred honor to maintain, the spirit of that Declaration now made universal by the fundamental law of the land. We, the people of the United States, in this Centennial memorial, pay double tribute to the Most High One of grateful acknowledgment of the fulfilled pledge of 44 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial our fathers to overthrow royalism, and the other of joyful assurance of July 4, 1876* tne fulfilling pledge of their sons to uphold republicanism. The great powers of the earth honor the spirit of American fidelity to the cause of human freedom by the exhibition of their wares and the presence of their titled peers to grace and dignify the world's homage paid to the centennial genius of American liberty. Three millions of people grown to forty-three millions ; and thirteen Colonies enlarged to a- nation of thirty-seven States, with the thirty-eighth, the Centennial State, forsaking eight Territories, and on the threshold of the Union, abiding executive admission; these attest the forecast and the majesty of the Declaration of 1776. It was nothing short of the utterance of the sovereignty of manhood and the worth of American citizenship. Its force is fast supplanting the assumption of the divine right of kings, by virtue of the supreme law of the nation, that the people alone hold the sole power to rule. Nations succeed each other in following the example of this Republic, and the force of American institutions bids fair to bring about a general reversal of the source of political power. When that period shall come, Great Britain, so magnanimous in presence on this auspicious era, will then, if not before, praise the events when American Independence was won under Washington, and when freedom and equality of races were achieved under Lincoln and Grant. At the close of his address the Vice-President, introducing the Right Rev. William Bacon Stevens, D.D., said : FELLOW-CITIZENS : You will now reverently join in an invocation by the ecclesiastical successor of the first Chaplain of the Continental Con- gress, the Right Reverend William B. Stevens, Bishop of Pennsylvania. PRAYER BY BISHOP STEVENS. O Almighty and Eternal God, we come before Thee to praise Thy glorious name, and to give Thee most humble and hearty thanks for the inestimable blessings which, as a nation, we this day enjoy. We devoutly recognize Thy Fatherly hand in the planting and nurturing of these colonies, in carrying them through the perils and trials of war, in establishing them in peace, and in permitting us to celebrate this hundredth birthday of our independence. We thank Thee, O God, that Thou didst inspire the hearts of Thy servants to lay here the foundations of peace and liberty, to proclaim here those principles which have wrought out for us such civil and religious blessings, and to set up here a government which Thou hast crowned by Thy blessing and guarded by Thy hand to this day. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 45 Thou hast safely brought us to the beginning of another century of Centennial national life. Defend and bless us in the same, O God, with Thy mighty power. Give peace and prosperity in all our borders, unity and charity among all classes, and a true and hearty love of country to all our people. Keep far from us all things hurtful to the welfare of the nation, and give to us all things necessary for our true growth and progress. Bless, O Thou Mighty Ruler of the universe, Thy servants to whom are committed the executive, the legislative, and judicial government of this land. Be pleased to direct and prosper all their consultations to the ad- vancement of Thy glory, the good of Thy church, the safety, honor, and welfare of Thy people ; that all things may be so ordered and settled by their endeavors upon the best and surest foundations ; that peace and hap- piness, truth and justice, religion and true liberty, may be established among us for all generations. Make us know, therefore, on this day of our nation's festivity, and to consider it in our hearts, that Thou art God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath, and that there is no God else beside Thee. Enable us to keep Thy statutes and Thy judgments which Thou hast commanded, that it may go well with us and with our children ; that we and They may fear Thy name and obey Thy law, and that Thou mayest prolong the days of this nation through all coming time. Pour out Thy Fatherly blessing upon our whole country, upon all our lawful pursuits and industries, upon all our households and institutions of learning and benevolence, that rejoicing in Thy smile, and strengthened by Thy might, this nation may go on through all the years of this new century a praise and a joy of the whole earth, so that all who look upon it may be able to say, " Truly God is in the midst of her; she shall not be moved." These things and whatsoever else we need for our national preservation and perpetuity, we humbly ask in the name and through the mediation of Thy dear Son, to whom, with the Father and the Holy Ghost, be ascribed all might, majesty, dominion, and power, world without end. Amen. When the audience, who had stood with uncovered heads during the prayer, had resumed their places, the chorus sang the hymn Welcome to all Nations, written for the occasion by Dr. Oliver Wen- dell Holmes. Centennial Ceremonies, July 4, 1876. 46 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. HYMN, WELCOME TO ALL NATIONS. BY OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, OF MASSACHUSETTS. MUSIC, "KELLER'S HYMN." ORCHESTRA AND CHORUS. I. Bright on the banners of lily and rose, Lo, the last sun of the century sets ! Wreathe the black cannon that scowled on our foes ; All but her friendships the nation forgets ! All but her friends and their welcome forgets ! These are around her, but where are her foes ? Lo, while the sun of the century sets, Peace with her garlands of lily and rose ! ii. Welcome ! a shout like the war-trumpet's swell, Wakes the wild echoes that slumber around ! Welcome ! it quivers from Liberty's bell ; Welcome ! the walls of her temple resound ! Hark ! the gray walls of her temple resound ! Fade the far voices o'er river and dell ; Welcome ! still whisper the echoes around ; Welcome ! still trembles on Liberty's bell ! in. Thrones of the continents ! Isles of the sea ! Yours are the garlands of peace we entwine ! Welcome once more to the land of the free, Shadowed alike by the palm and the pine, Softly they murmur, the palm and the pine, " Hushed is our strife in the land of the free." Over your children their branches entwine, Thrones of the continents ! Isles of the sea ! The Vice- President then said : FELLOW-CITIZENS : I now have the pleasure of announcing to you that the original document of the Declaration of Independence will be brought forward by his Honor the Mayor of Philadelphia, and will be read to you by the grandson of that patriot and statesman, Richard Henry Lee, who, in the Continental Congress, moved that "these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States." REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 47 The Hon. William S. Stokley, Mayor of Philadelphia, accompanied Centennial by Mr. Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, brought to the front of the platform the old manuscript of the Declaration, held together by a frame. ADDRESS BY WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, MAYOR OF PHILADELPHIA. FREEMEN: It is peculiarly appropriate to the celebration of the Centen- nial Anniversary of the birthday of the nation that the hallowed document which secured to millions their freedom, and which marked the advent of a nation in the West, should be exhibited and read to the people upon the spot from which one hundred years ago it was first promulgated to the world. All the surroundings of the occasion, notably the presence of dis- tinguished representatives from nearly all of the nations of the earth, mark the contrast between the beginning and the end of the first century of a nation whose existence is based upon the fundamental principle of that Declaration. Impressed with a sense of the magnitude of an occasion such as the one which we to-day celebrate, the President of the United States recently intrusted to my care the original of the Declaration of Independence of the United States, that the same might be read and exhibited to the people in this place upon the Fourth day of July, 1876 ; and, in accordance with the duty devolved upon me, I have now the honor to exhibit the document to you, after which it will be temporarily intrusted to Mr. Lee, the distin- guished gentleman to whom has been assigned the duty of reading it aloud. The enthusiasm with which the venerated relic was greeted broke out in prolonged cheering, which, at a signal, culminated in a tre- mendous shout of welcome from all on the platform and in the Square, and was taken up and echoed back by the crowds in the streets without. Mr. Lee then read the Declaration from the old manuscript. The Vice-President, at the conclusion of the reading, announced as next in the order of proceedings the performance by the orchestra of a " Greeting from Brazil, a Hymn for the First Centennial of American Independence, composed by A. Carlos Gomes, of Brazil, at the request of his Majesty Dom Pedro II., Emperor of Brazil." The Emperor, at this point, was conducted to the front of the plat- form by General Hawley, and bowed his acknowledgment of the cordial applause with which he was greeted, cheers which were repeated at the close of the music. 4 g INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial Mr. John Welsh, President of the Centennial Board of Finance, Ceremonies, ^^ j ntroc ] U ced to the audience, at the request of Vice-President July 4, 1876. Ferry, Mr. Bayard Taylor, of Pennsylvania, who was received very heartily and listened to with close attention during his recitation of the Ode of the day. NATIONAL ODE BY BAYARD TAYLOR, OF PENNSYLVANIA. I. I. Sun of the stately Day, Let Asia into the shadow drift, Let Europe bask in thy ripened ray, And over the severing ocean lift A brow of broader splendor ! Give light to the eager eyes Of the Land that waits to behold thee rise : The gladness of morning lend her, With the triumph of noon attend her, And the peace of the vesper skies ! For lo ! she cometh now With hope on the lip and pride on the brow, Stronger, and dearer, and fairer, To smile on the love we bear her, To live, as we dreamed her and sought her, Liberty's latest daughter ! In the clefts of the rocks, in the secret places, .We found her traces ; On the hills, in the crash of woods that fall, We heard her call ; When the lines of battle broke, - We saw her face in the fiery smoke ; Through toil, and anguish, and desolation, We followed, and found her With the grace of a virgin Nation As a sacred zone around her ! Who shall rejoice With a righteous voice, Far-heard through the ages, if not she? For the menace is dumb that defied her, The doubt is dead that denied her, And she stands acknowledged, and strong, and free ! REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 49 II. I. Centennial Ceremonies, Ah, hark! the solemn undertone July 4,1876. On every wind of human story blown. A large, divinely-moulded Fate Questions the right and purpose of a State, And in its plan sublime Our eras are the dust of Time. The far-off Yesterday of power Creeps back with stealthy feet, Invades the lordship of the hour, And at our banquet takes the unbidden seat. From all unchronicled and silent ages Before the Future first begot the Past, Till History dared, at last, To write eternal words on granite pages ; From Egypt's tawny drift, and Assur's mound, And where, uplifted white and far, Earth highest yearns to meet a star, And Man his manhood by the Ganges found, Imperial heads, of old millennial sway, And still by some pale splendor crowned, Chill as a corpse-light in our full-orbed day, In ghostly grandeur rise And say, through stony lips and vacant eyes: "Thou that assertest freedom, power, and fame. Declare to us thy claim!" I. 2. On the shores of a Continent cast, She won the inviolate soil By loss of heirdom, of all the Past, And faith in the royal right of Toil ! She planted homes on the savage sod : Into the wilderness lone She walked with fearless feet, In her hand the divining-rod, Till the veins of the mountains beat With fire of metal and force of stone ! She set the speed of the river-head To turn the mills of her bread ; She drove her plowshare deep Through the prairie's thousand-centuried sleep; To the South, and West, and North, She called Pathfinder forth, 7 c; INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial Her faithful and sole companion, Ceremonies, Where the flushed Sierra, snowy-starred, July 4, 1876. Her way to the sunset barred, And the nameless rivers in thunder and foam Channeled the terrible canyon ! Nor paused, till her uttermost home Was built, in the smile of a softer sky And the glory of beauty still to be, Where the haunted waves of Asia die On the strand of the world-wide sea ! II. 2. The race, in conquering, Some fierce Titanic joy of conquest knows : Whether in veins of serf or king, Our ancient blood beats restless in repose. Challenge of Nature unsubdued Awaits not Man's defiant answer long ; For hardship, even as wrong. Provokes the level-eyed, heroic mood. This for herself she did ; but that which lies, As over earth the skies, Blending all forms in one benignant glow, Crowned conscience, tender care, Justice, that answers every bondman's prayer, Freedom where Faith may lead or thought may dare, The power of minds that know, Passion of hearts that feel, Purchased by blood and woe, Guarded by fire and steel, Hath she secured ? What blazon on her shield, In the clear Century's light Shines to the world revealed, Declaring nobler triumph, born of Right? I.-3- Foreseen in the vision of sages, Foretold when martyrs bled, She was born of the longing of ages, By the truth of the noble dead And the faith of the living fed ! No blood in her lightest veins Frets at remembered chains, Nor shame of bondage has bowed her head. REPORT OF TJ1E PRESIDENT. In her form and features still Centennial The unblenching Puritan will, Cavalier honor, Huguenot grace, The Quaker truth and sweetness, And the strength of the danger-girdled race Of Holland, blend in a proud completeness. From the homes of all, where her being began, She took what she gave to Man : Justice, that knew no station, Belief as soul decreed, Free air for aspiration, Free force for independent deed ! She takes but to give again, As the sea returns the rivers in rain ; And gathers the chosen of her seed From the hunted of every crown and creed. Her Germany dwells by a gentler Rhine ; Her Ireland sees the old sunburst shine ; Her France pursues some dream divine ; Her Norway keeps his mountain pine ; Her Italy waits by the western brine ; And, broad-based under all, Is planted England's oaken-hearted mood, As rich in fortitude As e'er went worldward from the island wall ! Fused in her candid light, To one strong race all races here unite : Tongues melt in hers, hereditary foemen Forget their sword and slogan, kith and clan ; 'Twas glory, once, to be a Roman , She makes it glory, now, to be a Man ! II3- Bow down ! Doff thine seonian crown ! One hour forget The glory, and recall the debt : Make expiation*, Of humbler mood, For the pride of thine exultation O'er peril conquered and strife subdued ! But half the right is wrested When victory yields her prize, And half the marrow tested When o'd endurance die>. 52 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial In the sight of them that love thee, Ceremonies, Bow to tne Greater above thee ! July 4, 1876. He faileth not to smite The idle ownership of Right, Nor spares to sinews fresh from trial, And virtue schooled in long denial, The tests that wait for thee In larger perils of prosperity. Here, at the Century's awful shrine, Bow to thy Fathers' God and thine ! Behold ! she bendeth now, Humbling the chaplet of her hundred years : There is a solemn sweetness on her brow, And in her eyes are sacred tears. Can she forget, In present joy. the burden of her debt, When for a captive race She grandly staked and won The total promise of her power begun, And bared her bosom's grace To the sharp wound that inly tortures yet ? Can she forget The million graves her young devotion set, The hands that clasp above From either side, in sad, returning love? Can she forget, Here, where the Ruler of to-day, The Citizen of to-morrow, And equal thousands to rejoice and pray Beside these holy walls are met, Her birth-cry, mixed of keenest bliss and sorrow ? Where, on July's immortal morn Held forth, the People saw her head And shouted to the world : "The King is dead, But lo ! the Heir is born !" When fire of Youth, and sober trust of Age, In Farmer, Soldier, Priest, and Sage, Arose and cast upon her Baptismal garments, never robes so fair Clad prince in Old-world air, Their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor ! REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 53 II. 4. Centennial Ceremonies Arise ! Recrown thy head, j u i y 4 , 1876. Radiant with blessing of the Dead ! Bear from this hallowed place The prayer that purifies thy lips, The light of courage that defies eclipse, The rose of Man's new morning on thy face ! Let no iconoclast Invade thy rising Pantheon of the Past, To make a blank where Adams stood, To touch the Father's sheathed and sacred blade, Spoil crowns on Jefferson and Franklin laid, Or wash from Freedom's feet the stain of Lincoln's blood ! Hearken, as from that haunted hall Their voices call : " We lived and died for thee : We greatly dared that thou might'st be ; So, from thy children still We claim denials which at last fulfill, And freedom yielded to preserve thee free ! Beside clear-hearted Right That smiles at Power's uplifted rod, Plant Duties that requite, And Order that sustains, upon thy sod, And stand in stainless might Above all self, and only less than God !" III. i. Here may thy solemn challenge end, All-proving Past, and each discordance die Of doubtful augury, Or in one choral with the Present blend, And that half-heard, sweet harmony Of something nobler that our sons may see ! Though poignant memories burn Of days that were, and may again return, When thy fleet foot, O Huntress of the Woods, The slippery brinks of danger knew, And dim the eyesight grew That was so sure in thine old solitudes, Yet stays some richer sense Won from the mixture of thine elements, To guide the vagrant scheme, And winnow truth from each conflicting dream ! 4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION-, 1876. Centennial Yet in thy blood shall live Ceremonies, Some force unspent, some essence primitive, To seize the highest use of things ; For Fate, to mould thee to her plan, Denied thee food of kings, Withheld the udder and the orchard-fruits, Fed thee with savage roots, And forced thy harsher milk from barren breasts of man ! III. 2. O sacred Woman-Form, Of the first People's need and passion wrought, No thin, pale ghost of Thought, But fair as Morning and as heart's-blood warm, Wearing thy priestly tiar on Judah's hills ; Clear-eyed beneath Athene's helm of gold ; Or from Rome's central seat Hearing the pulses of the Continents beat In thunder where her legions rolled ; Compact of high heroic hearts and wills, Whose being circles all The selfless aims of men, and all fulfills ; Thyself not free, so long as one is thrall ; Goddess, that as a Nation lives, And as a Nation dies, That for her children as a man defies, And to her children as a mother gives, Take our fresh fealty now ! No more a Chieftainess, with wampum-zone And feather-cinctured brow, No more a new Britannia, grown To spread an equal banner to the breeze, And lift thy trident o'er trie double seas ; But with unborrowed crest, In thine own native beauty dressed, The front of pure command, the unflinching eye, thine own ! HI.-3. Look up, look forth, and on ! There's light in the dawning sky : The clouds are parting, the night is gone : Prepare for the work of the day ! REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 55 Fallow thy pastures lie Centennial And far thy shepherds stray, And the fields of thy vast domain Are waiting for purer seed Of knowledge, desire, and deed, For keener sunshine and mellower rain ! But keep thy garments pure : Pluck them back, with the old disdain, From touch of the hands that stain ! So shall thy strength endure. Transmute into good the gold of Gain, Compel to beauty thy ruder powers, Till the bounty of coming hours Shall plant, on thy fields apart, With the oak of Toil, the rose of Art ! Be watchful, and keep us so : Be strong, and fear no foe : Be just, and the world shall know ! With the same love love us, as we give ; And the day shall never come, That finds us weak or dumb To join and smite and cry In the great task, for thee to die, And the greater task, for thee to live ! The applause at the conclusion of Mr. Taylor's Ode was interrupted by the orchestral prelude to the Grand Triumphal March, with chorus", the words of which were by Mr. Dexter Smith, of Massachusetts; the music by Sir Julius Benedict, of England. OUR NATIONAL BANNER. GRAND TRIUMPHAL MARCH, WITH CHORUS. I. O'er the high and o'er the lowly Floats that banner bright and holy In the rays of freedom's sun ; In the nation's heart imbedded, O'er our Union newly wedded, One in all, and all in one. 56 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 2876. Centennial JL Ceremonies, July 4, 1876 L e t that banner wave forever, May its lustrous stars fade never Till the stars shall pale on high; While there's right the wrong defeating, While there's hope in true heart beating, Truth and freedom shall not die. III. As it floated long before us, Be it ever floating o'er us, O'er our land from shore to shore ; There are freemen yet to wave it, Millions who would die to save it, Wave it, save it evermore. The Vice-President then introduced the orator of the day in the following terms : I have now the honor to announce the eminent jurist, whose fame the Empire State has long since ceased to hold. I now present William M. Evarts, of New York, the orator of the day. ORATION BY WILLIAM M. EVARTS. The event which to-day we commemorate supplies its own reflections and enthusiasms, and brings its own plaudits. They do not at all hang on the voice of the speaker, nor do they greatly depend upon the contacts and associations of the place. The Declaration of American Independence was, when it occurred, a capital transaction in human affairs ; as such it has kept its place in history ; as such it will maintain itself while human interest in human institutions shall endure. The scene and the actors, for their pro- found impression upon the world, at the time and ever since, have owed nothing to dramatic effects, nothing to epical exaggerations. To the eye there was nothing wonderful, or vast, or splendid, or pathetic in the move- ment or the display. Imagination or art can give no sensible grace or decoration to the persons, the place, or the performance which made up the business of that day. The worth and force that belong to the agents and the action rest wholly on the wisdom, the courage, and the faith that formed and executed the great design, and the potency and permanence of its operation upon the affairs of the world which, as foreseen and legitimate REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT, 57 consequences, followed. The dignity of the act is the deliberate, circum- centennial spect, open, and serene performance by these men in the clear light of day, Ceremonies, and by a concurrent purpose, of a civic duty, which embraced the greatest July4 ' l8 hazards to themselves and to all the people from whom they held this deputed discretion, but which, to their sober judgments, promised benefits to that people and their posterity, from generation to generation, exceeding these hazards and commensurate with its own fitness. The question of their conduct is to be measured by the actual weight and pressure of the manifold considerations which surrounded the subject before them, and by the abun- dant evidence that they comprehended their vastness and variety. By a voluntary and responsible choice they willed to do what was done, and what without their will would not have been done. Thus estimated, the illus- trious act covers all who participated in it with its own renown, and makes them forever conspicuous among men, as it is forever famous among events. And thus the signers of the Declaration of our Independence "wrote their names where all nations should behold them, and all time should not efface them." It was, " in the course of human events," intrusted to them to determine whether the fullness of time had come when a nation should be born in a day. They declared the independence of a new nation in the sense in which men declare emancipation or declare war ; the declaration created what was declared. Famous always among men are the founders of States, and fortunate above all others in such fame are these, our fathers, whose combined wisdom and courage began the great structure of our national existence, and laid sure the foundations of liberty and justice on which it rests. Fortunate, first, in the clearness of their title and in the world's accept- ance of their rightful claim. Fortunate, next, in the enduring magnitude of the State they founded and the beneficence of its protection of the vast interests of human life and happiness which have here had their home. Fortunate, again, in the admiring imitation of their work which the insti- tutions of the most powerful and most advanced nations more and more exhibit ; and, last of all, fortunate in the full demonstration of our later time that their work is adequate to withstand the most disastrous storms of human fortunes, and survive unwrecked, unshaken, and unharmed. This day has now been celebrated by a great people, at each recurrence of its anniversary, for a hundred years, with every form of ostentatious joy, with every demonstration of respect and gratitude for the ancestral virtue which gave it its glory, and with the firmest faith that growing time should neither obscure its lustre nor reduce the ardor or discredit the sin- cerity of its observance. A reverent spirit has explored the lives of the men who took part in the great transaction^ has unfolded their characters *nd exhibited to an admiring posterity the purity of their motives, the sagacity, the bravery, the fortitude, the perseverance which marked their conduct, and which secured the prosperity and permanence of their work. Philosophy has divined the secrets of all this power, and eloquence 8 58 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial emblazoned the magnificence of all its results. The heroic war which fought Ut the acc l uiescence of the Old Wor ld in the independence of the New; the manifold and masterly forms of noble character and of patient and serene wisdom which the great influences of the times begat; the large and splendid scale on which these elevated purposes were wrought out, and the majestic proportions to. which they have been filled up; the unended line of eventful' progress, casting ever backward a flood of light upon the sources of the original energy, and ever forward a promise and a prophecy of unexhausted power, all these have been made familiar to our people by the genius and the devotion of historians and orators. The greatest states- men of the Old World for this same period of a hundred years have traced the initial steps in these events, looked into the nature of the insti- tutions thus founded, weighed by the Old World wisdom, and measured by recorded experience, the probable fortunes of this new adventure on an unknown sea. This circumspect and searching survey of our wide field of political and social experiment, no doubt, has brought them a diversity of judgment as to the past and of expectation as to the future. But of the magnitude and the novelty and the power of the forces set at work by the event we commemorate, no competent authorities have ever greatly differed. The contemporary judgment of Burke is scarcely an over-statement of the European opinion of the immense import of American independence. He declared : "A great revolution has happened, a revolution made not by chopping and changing of power in any of the existing States, but by the appearance of a new State, of a new species, in a new part of the globe. It has made as great a change in all the relations and balances and gravita- tions of power as the appearance of a new planet would in the system of the solar world." It is easy to understand that the rupture between the colonies and the the mother-country might have worked a result of political independence that would have involved no such mighty consequences as are here so strongly announced by the most philosophic statesman of his age. The resistance of the colonies, which came to a head in the revolt, was led in the name and for the maintenance of the liberties of Englishmen against Parliamentary usurpation and a subversion of the British Constitution. A triumph of those liberties might have ended in an emancipation from the rule of the English Parliament, and a continued submission to the scheme and system of the British monarchy, with an American Parliament adjusted thereto, upon the true principles of the English Constitution. Whether this new political establishment should have maintained loyalty to the British sovereign, or should have been organized under a crown and throne of its own, the transaction would, then, have had no other importance than such as belongs to a dismemberment of existing empire, but with preserva- tion of existing institutions. There would have been, to be sure, a "new State," but not " of a new species," and that it was " in a new part of the globe" would have gone far to make the dismemberment but a temporary REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. -g am* circumstantial disturbance in the old order of things. Indeed, the Centennial solidity and perpetuity of that order might have been greatly confirmed by Ccremonie, this propagation of the model of the European monarchies on the bound- ' less regions of this continent. It is precisely here that the Declaration of Independence has its immense importance. As a civil act, and by the people's decree, and not by the achievement of the army, or through military motives, at the first stage of the conflict it assigned a new nation- ality, with its own institutions, as the civilly preordained end to be fought for and secured. It did not leave it to be an after-fruit of triumphant war, shaped and measured by military power, and conferred by the army on the people. This assured at the outset the supremacy of civil over military authority, the subordination of the army to the unarmed people. This deliberative choice of the scope and goal of the Revolution made sure of two things, which must have been always greatly in doubt if military reasons and events had held the mastery over the civil power. The first was that nothing less than the independence of the nation, and its separa- tion from the system of Europe, would be attained if our arms were pros- perous ; and the second, that the new nation would always be the mistress of its own institutions. This might not have been its fate had a triumphant army won the prize of independence, not as a task set for it by the people, and done in its service, but by its own might, and held by its own title, and so to be shaped and dealt with by its own will. There is the best reason to think that the Congress which declared our independence gave its chief solicitude, not to the hazards of military failure, not to the chance of miscarriage in the project of separation from England, but to the grave responsibility of the military success of which they made no doubt and as to what should replace, as government to the new nation, the monarchy of England, which they considered as gone to them forever from the date of the Declaration. Nor did this Congress feel any uncer- tainty, either in disposition or expectation, that the natural and necessary result would preclude the formation of the new government out of any other materials than such as were to be found in society as established on this side of the Atlantic. These materials, they foresaw, were capable of, and would tolerate, only such political establishment as would maintain and perpetuate the equality and liberty always enjoyed in the several colonial communities. But all these limitations upon what was possible still left a large range of anxiety as to what was probable, and might become actual. One thing was too essential to be left uncertain, and the founders of this nation deter- mined that there never should be a moment when the several communities of the different colonies should lose the character of component parts of one nation. By their plantation and growth up to the day of the Declaration of Independence they were subjects of one sovereignty, bound together in one political connection, parts of one country, under one constitution, with one destiny. Accordingly the Declaration, by its very terms, made the 60 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial act of separation a dissolving by "one people" of "the political bands Ceremonies t jj at ^ ave connec t e d them with another," and the proclamation of the July 4, 1876. right and of the fact of independent nationality was, "that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States." It was thus that, at one breath, " independence and union" were declared and established. The confirmation of the first by war, and of the second by civil wisdom, was but the execution of the single design which it is the glory of this great instrument of our national existence to have framed and an- nounced. The recognition of our independence, first by France and then by Great Britain, the closer union by the Articles of Confederation, and the final unity by the Federal Constitution were all but muniments of title of that "liberty and union, one and inseparable," which were proclaimed at this place and on this day one hundred years ago, which have been our possession from that moment hitherto, and which we surely avow shall be our possession forever. Seven years of revolutionary war and twelve years of consummate civil prudence brought us, in turn, to the conclusive peace of 1783 and to the perfected Constitution of 1787. Few chapters of the world's history cover- ing such brief periods are crowded with so many illustrious names or made up of events of so deep and permanent interest to mankind. I cannot stay to recall to your attention these characters or these incidents, or to renew the gratitude and applause with which we never cease to contemplate them. It is only their relation to the Declaration of Independence itself that I need to insist upon, and to the new State which it brought into existence. In this view these progressive processes were but the articulation of the mem- bers of the State and the adjustment of its circulation to the new centres of its vital power. These processes were all implied and included in this political creation, and were as necessary and as certain, if it were not to languish and to die, as in any natural creature. Within the hundred years whose flight in our national history we mark to-day we have had occasion to corroborate by war both the independence and the unity of the nation. In our war against England for neutrality we asserted and we established the absolute right to be free of European en- tanglements in time of war as well as in time of peace, and so completed our independence of Europe. And by the war of the Constitution a war within the nation the bonds of our unity were tried and tested, as in a fiery furnace, and proved to be dependent upon no shifting vicissitudes of acquiescence, no partial dissents or discontents, but, so far as is predicable of human fortunes, irrevocable, indestructible, perpetual, Casibus hczc nullis, nullo delebilis avo. We may be quite sure that the high resolve to stake the future of a great people upon a system of society and of polity that should dispense with the dogmas, the experience, the traditions, the habits, and the sentiments upon which the firm and durable fabric of the British Constitution had been built up, was not taken without a solicitous and competent survey of the history, REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 6 t the condition, the temper, and the moral and intellectual traits of the centennial people for whom the decisive step was taken. Ceremonies, It may, indeed, be suggested that the main body of the elements, and a large share of the arrangements, of the new government were expected to be upon the model of the British system, and that the substantial of civil and religious liberty and the institutions for their maintenance and defense were already the possession of the people of England and the birthright of the colonists. But this consideration does not much disparage the respon- sibility assumed in discarding the correlative parts of the British Constitu- tion. I mean the Established Church and throne ; the permanent power of a hereditary peerage ; the confinement of popular representation to the wealthy and educated classes ; and the ideas of all participation by the people in their own government coming by gracious concession from the royal prerogative and not by inherent right in themselves. Indeed, the counter-consideration, so far as the question was to be solved by experience, would be a ready one. The foundation, and the walls, and the roof of this firm and noble edifice, it would be said, are all fitly framed together in the substantial institutions you propose to omit from your plan and model. The convenience and safety and freedom, the pride and happiness which the inmates of this temple and fortress enjoy, as the rights and liberties of Englishmen, are only kept in place and play because of the firm structure of these ancient strongholds of religion and law, which you now desert and refuse to build anew. Our fathers had formed their opinions upon wiser and deeper views of man and Providence than these, and they had the courage of their opinions. Tracing the progress of mankind in the ascending path of civilization, enlightenment, and moral and intellectual culture, they found that the Divine ordinance of government, in every stage of the ascent, was adjust- able on principles of common reason to the actual condition of a people, and always had for its objects, in the benevolent counsels of the Divine wisdom, the happiness, the expansion, the security, the elevation of society, and the redemption of man. They sought in vain for any title of authority of man over man, except of superior capacity and higher morality. They found the origin of castes and ranks, and principalities and powers, tem- poral or spiritual, in this conception. They recognized the people as the structure, the temple, the fortress, which the great Artificer all the while cared for and built up. As through the long march of time this work advanced, the forms and fashions of government seemed to them to be but the scaffolding and apparatus by which the development of a people's great- ness was shaped and sustained. Satisfied that the people whose institutions were now to be projected had reached all that measure of strength and fit- ness of preparation for self-government which old institutions could give, they fearlessly seized the happy opportunity to clothe the people with the majestic attributes of their own sovereignty, and consecrate them to the administration of their own priesthood. 6 2 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial The repudiation by England of the spiritual power of Rome at the time ceremonies, o f ^Q Reformation was by every estimate a stupendous innovation in the July 4, 1876. ' J rooted allegiance of the people, a profound disturbance of all adjustments of authority. But Henry VIII., when he displaced the dominion of the Pope, proclaimed himself the head of the Church. The overthrow of the ancient monarchy of France by the fierce triumph of an enraged people was a catastrophe that shook the arrangements of society from centre to circum- ference. But Napoleon, when he pushed aside the royal line of St. Louis, announced, "I am the people crowned," and set up a plebeian emperor as the impersonation and depositary in him and his line forever of the people's sovereignty. The founders of our Commonwealth conceived that the people of these colonies needed no interception of the supreme control of their own affairs, no conciliations of mere names and images of power from which the pith and vigor of authority had departed. They, therefore, did not hesi- tate to throw down the partitions of power and right and break up the distributive shares in authority of ranks and orders of men which, indeed, had ruled and advanced the development of society in civil and religious liberty, but might well be neglected when the protected growth was assured, and all tutelary supervision, for this reason, henceforth could only be ob- structive and incongruous. A glance at the fate of the English essay at a commonwealth, which preceded, and to the French experiment at a republic, which followed our own institution "of a new State of a new species," will show the marvelous wisdom of our ancestors, which struck the line between too little and too much; which walked by faith indeed for things invisible, but yet by sight for things visible ; which dared to appropriate everything to the people which had belonged to Caesar, but to assume for mortals nothing that belonged to God. No doubt it was a deliberation of prodigious difficulty, and a decision of infinite moment, which should settle the new institutions of England after the execution of the King, and 'determine whether they should be popular or monarchical. The problem was too vast for Cromwell and the great men who stood about him, and, halting between the only possible opinions, they simply robbed the throne of stability, without giving to the people the choice of their rulers. Had Cromwell assumed the state and style of King, and assigned the constitutional limits of prerogative, the statesmen of England would have anticipated the establishment of 1688, and saved the disgraces of the intervening record. If, on the other hand, the ever-recur- ring consent of the people in vesting the chief magistracy had been accepted for the Constitution of the State, the revolution would have been intelli- gible, and might have proved permanent. But what a "Lord Protector" was nobody knew, and what he might grow to be everybody wondered and feared. The aristocracy could endure no dignity above them less than a king's. The people knew the measure and the title of the chartered liber- ties which had been wrested or yielded from the King's prerogative ; but REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 63 what the division between them and a Lord Protector would be no one Centennial could forecast. A brief fluttering between the firmament above and the ?J ] r firm earth beneath, with no poise with either, and the discordant scheme was rolled away as a scroll. A hundred years afterward Montesquieu de- rided "this impotent effort of the English to establish a democracy," and divined the true cause of its failure. The supreme place, no longer sacred by the divinity that doth hedge about a king, irritated the ambitions to which it was inaccessible, except by faction and violence. "The Govern- ment was incessantly changed, and the astonished people sought for democ- racy and found it nowhere. After much violence and many shocks and blows, they were fain to fall back upon the same government they had overthrown." The English experiment to make a commonwealth without sinking its foundations into the firm bed of popular sovereignty, necessarily failed. Its example and its lesson, unquestionably, were of the greatest service in sobering the spirit of English reform in government, to the solid establish- ment of constitutional monarchy, on the expulsion of the Stuarts, and in giving courage to the statesmen of the American Revolution to push on to the solid establishment of republican government, with the consent of the people as its every-day working force. But if the English experiment stumbled in its logic by not going far enough, the French philosophers came to greater disaster by overpassing the lines which mark the limits of human authority and human liberty, when they undertook to redress the disordered balance between people and rulers, and renovate the Government of France. To the wrath of the people against kings and priests they gave free course, not only to the overthrow of the establishment of the Church and State, but to the destruc- tion of religion and society. They deified man, and thought to raise a tower of man's building, as of old on the plain of Shinar, which should overtop the battlements of heaven, and to frame a constitution of human affairs that should displace the providence of God. A confusion of tongues put an end to this ambition. And now out of all its evils have come the salutary checks and discipline in freedom which have brought passionate and fervid France to the scheme and frame of a sober and firm republic like our own, and, we may hope, as durable. How much, then, hung upon the decision of the great day we celebrate, and upon the wisdom and the will of the men who fixed the immediate, and if so, the present fortunes of this people. If the body, the spirit, the texture of our political life had not been collectively declared on this day, who can be bold enough to say when and how independence, liberty, union would have been combined, confirmed, assured to this people? Behold, now, the greatness of our debt to this ancestry, and the fountain, as from a rock smitten in the wilderness, from which the stream of this nation's growth and power takes its source. For it is not alone in the memory of their wisdom and virtues that the founders of a State transmit and perpetu- 64 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial ate their influences in its lasting fortunes, and shape the character and pur- Ceremonies, poses of its future rulers. "In the birth of societies," says Montesquieu, "it is the chiefs of a State that make its institutions; and afterward it is these institutions that form the chiefs of the State." And what was this people, and what their traits and training that could justify this congress of their great men in promulgating the profound views of government and human nature which the Declaration embodies and expecting their acceptance as "self-evident"? How had their lives been disciplined and how their spirits prepared that the new-launched ship, freighted with all their fortunes, could be trusted to their guidance with no other chart or compass than these abstract truths? What warrant was there for the confidence that upon these plain precepts of equality of right, community of interest, reciprocity of duty, a polity could be framed which might safely discard Egyptian mystery, and Hebrew reverence, and Grecian subtlety, and Roman strength, dispense, even, with English traditions of " Primogenity and due of birth, Prerogative of age, crowns, sceptres, laurels." To these questions the answer was ready and sufficient. The delegates to this immortal assembly, speaking for the whole country and for the respective colonies, their constituents, might well say : " What we are, such are this people. We are not here as volunteers, but as their representatives. We have been designated by no previous of- ficial station, taken from no one employment or condition of life, but chosen from the people at large because they cannot assemble in person, and se- lected because they know our sentiments, and we theirs, on the momentous question which our deliberations are to decide. They know that the result of all hangs on the intelligence, the courage, the constancy, the spirit of the people themselves. If these have risen to a height, and grown to a strength and unanimity that our judgment measures as adequate to the struggle for independence and the whole sum of their liberties, they will accept that issue and follow that lead-. They have taken up arms to maintain their rights, and will not lay them down till those rights are assured. What the nature and sanctions of this security are to be they understand must be determined by united counsels and concerted action. These they have deputed us to settle and proclaim, and this we have done to-day. What we have declared, the people will avow and confirm. Henceforth it is to this people a war for the defense of their united inde- pendence against its overthrow by foreign arms. Of that war there can be but one issue. And for the rest, as to the Constitution of the new State, its species is disclosed by its existence. The condition of the people is equal, they have the habits of freemen and possess the institutions of liberty. When the political connection with the parent State is dissolved they will be self-governing and self-governed of necessity. As all govern- ments in this world, good and bad, liberal or despotic, are of men, by men, REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 65 and for men, this new State, having no castes or ranks, or degrees discrimi- Centennial nating among men in its population, becomes at once a government of the c "' people, by the people, and for the people. So it must remain, unless foreign conquest or domestic usurpation shall change it. Whether it shall be a just, wise, or prosperous government, it must be a popular government, and correspond with the wisdom, justice, and fortunes of the people." And so this people, of various roots and kindred of the Old World settled and transfused in their cisatlantic home into harmonious fellowship in the sentiments, the interests, the habits, the affections which develop and sustain a love of country were committed to the common fortunes which should attend an absolute trust in the primary relations between man and his fellows and between man and his Maker. This Northern Continent of America had been opened and prepared for the transplantation of the full- grown manhood of the highest civilization of the Old World to a place where it could be free from mixture or collision with competing or hostile elements, and separated from the weakness and the burdens which it would leave behind. The impulses and attractions which moved the emigration and directed it hither, various in form, yet had so much a common char- acter as to merit the description of being public, elevated, moral, or re- ligious. They included the desire of new and better opportunities for institutions consonant with the dignity of human nature and with the immortal and infinite relations of the race. In the language of the times, the search for civil and religious liberty animated the Pilgrims, the Puritans, and the Churchmen ; the Presbyterians, the Catholics, and the Quakers ; the Huguenots, the Dutch, and the Walloons ; the Waldenses, the Germans, and the Swedes, in their several migrations which made up the colonial population. Their experience and fortunes here had done nothing to reduce, everything to confirm, the views and traits which brought them hither. To sever all political relations, then, with Europe, seemed to these people but the realization of the purposes which had led them across the ocean, but the one thing needful to complete this continent for their home, and to give the absolute assurance of that higher life which they wished to lead. The preparation of the past and the enthusiasms of the future con- spired to favor the project of self-government and invest it with a moral grandeur which furnished the best omens and the best guarantees for its prosperity. Instead of a capricious and giddy exaltation of spirit, as at new-gained liberty, a sober and solemn sense of the larger trust and duty took possession of their souls ; as if the Great Master had found them faithful over a few things, and had now made them rulers over many. These feelings, common to the whole population, were not of sudden origin and were not romantic, nor had they any tendency to evaporate in noisy boasts or to run wild in air-drawn projects. The difference between equality and privilege, between civil rights and capricious .favors, between freedom of conscience and persecution for conscience' sake, were not matters of moot debate or abstract conviction with our countrymen. The 9 66 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial story of these battles of our race was the warm and living memory of their j| rem0 "s-6' f re f atners> share in them, for which, "to avoid insufferable grievances at home, they had been enforced by heaps to leave their native countries." They proposed to settle forever the question whether such grievances should possibly befall them or their posterity. They knew no plan so simple, so comprehensive, or so sure to this end as to solve all the minor difficulties in the government of society by a radical basis for its source, a common field for its operation, and an authentic and deliberate method for consult- ing and enforcing the will of the people as the sole authority of the State. By this wisdom they at least would shift, within the sphere of govern- ment, the continuous warfare of human nature, on the field of good and evil, right and wrong, " Between whose endless jar justice resides," from conflicts of the strength of the many against the craft of the few. They would gain the advantage of supplying as the reason of the State, the reason of the people, and decide by the moral and intellectual in- fluences of instruction and persuasion, the issue of who should make and who administer the laws. This involved no pretensions of the perfection of human nature, nor clid it assume that at other times, or under other circumstances, they would themselves have been capable of self-govern- ment ; or, that other people then were, or ever would be, so capable. Their knowledge of mankind showed them that there would be faults and crimes as long as there were men. Their faith taught them that this cor- ruptible would put on incorruption only when this mortal should put on immortality. Nevertheless, they believed in man and trusted in God, and on these imperishable supports they thought they might rest civil govern- ment for a people who had these living conceptions wrought into their own characters and lives. The past and the present are the only means by which man foresees or shapes the future. Upon the evidence of the past, the contemplation of the present of this people, our statesmen were willing to commence a system which must continually draw, for its sustenance and growth, upon the virtue and vigor of the people. From this virtue and this vigor it can alone be nourished ; it must decline in their decline and rot in their decay. They traced this vigor and virtue to inexhaustible springs. And, as the unspent heat of a lava soil, quickened by the returning summers, through the vintages of a thousand years, will still glow in the grape and sparkle in the wine, so will the exuberant forces of a race supply an unstinted vigor to mark the virtues of immense populations and to the remotest generations. To the frivolous philosophy of human life which makes all the world a puppet-show, and history a book of anecdotes, the moral warfare which fills up the life of man and the record of his race seems as unreal and as aimless as the conflicts of the glittering hosts upon an airy field, whose display lights up the fleeting splendors of a northern night. But free REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 6 government for a great people never comes from or gets aid from such Centennial philosophers. To a true spiritual discernment there are few things more j^ 1 real, few things more substantial, few things more likely to endure in this world, than human thoughts, human passions, human interests, thus molten into the frame and model of our State. " O } morem pr&claram, disciplin- amque, quam a majoribus accepimus, si quidem teneremus /' ' 1 have made no account, as unsuitable to the occasion, of the distribution of the national power between the General and the State governments, or of the special arrangements of executive authority, of legislatures, courts, and magistracies, whether of the General or of the State establishments. Collectively they form the body and the frame of a complete government for a great, opulent, and powerful people, occupying vast regions, and em- bracing in their possessions a wide range of diversity of climate, of soil, and of all the circumstantial influences of external nature. I have pointed your attention to the principle and the spirit of the government for which all this frame and body exists, to which they are subservient, and to whose mastery they must conform. The life of the natural body is the blood, and the circulation of the moral and intellectual forces and impulses of the body politic shapes and moulds the national life. I have touched, therefore, upon the traits that determined this national life, as to be of, from, and for the people, and not of, from, or for any rank, grade, part, or section of them. In these traits are found the "ordinances, constitutions, and customs," by a wise choice of which the founders of States may, Lord Bacon says, "sow greatness to their posterity and succession." And now, after a century of growth, of trial, of experience, of observa- tion, and of demonstration, we are met, on the spot and on the date of the great Declaration, to compare our age with that of our fathers, our structure with their foundation, our intervening history and present condition with their faith and prophecy. That "respect to the opinion of mankind," in attention to which our statesmen framed the Declaration of Independence, we, too, acknowledge as a sentiment most fit to influence us in our com- memorative gratulations to-day. To this opinion of mankind, then, how shall we answer the questioning of this day? How have the vigor and success of the century's warfare comported with the sounding phrase of the great manifesto? Has the new nation been able to hold its territory on the eastern rim of the continent, or has covetous Europe driven in its boundaries, or internal dissensions dismembered its integrity? Have its numbers kept pace with natural in- crease, or have the mother-countries received back to the shelter of firmer institutions the repentant tide of emigration ? or have the woes of unstable society distressed and reduced the shrunken population ? Has the free suffrage, as a quicksand, loosened the foundations of power and undermined the pillars of the State ? Has the free press, with illimitable sweep, blown .down the props and buttresses of order and authority in government, driven before its wind the barriers which fence in society, and unroofed the homes 68 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial Ceremonies, July 4, 1876. which once were castles against the intrusion of a King ? Has freedom in religion ended in freedom from religion? and independence bylaw run into independence of law? Have free schools, by too much learning, made the people mad? Have manners declined, letters languished, art faded, wealth decayed, public spirit withered ? Have other nations shunned the evil example, and held aloof from its infection? Or have reflection and hard fortune dispelled the illusion under which this people " burned incense to vanity, and stumbled in their ways from the ancient paths" ? Have they, fleeing from the double destruction which attends folly and arrogance, re- stored the throne, rebuilt the altar, relaid the foundations of society, and again taken shelter in the old protections against the perils, shocks, and changes in human affairs, which " Divert and crack, rend and deracinate The unity and married calm of States Quite from their fixture ?" Who can recount in an hour what has been done in a century on so wide a field and in all its multitudinous aspects? Yet I may not avoid insisting upon some decisive lineaments of the material, social, and political devel- opment of our country which the record of the hundred years displays, and thus present to "the opinion of mankind," for its generous judgment, our nation as it is to-day, our land, our people, and our laws. And, first, we notice the wide territory to which we have steadily pushed on our limits. Lines of climate mark our boundaries north and south, and two oceans east and west. The space between, speaking by and large, covers the whole temperate zone of the continent, and in area measures near tenfold the possessions of the thirteen colonies ; the natural features, the climate, the productions, the influences of the outward world, are all implied in the immensity of this domain, for they embrace all that the goodness and the power of God have planned for so large a share of the habitable globe. The steps of the successive acquisitions, the impulses which assisted, and the motives which retarded the expansion of our terri- tory; the play of the competing elements in our civilization and their in- cessant struggle each to outrun the other; the irrepressible conflict thus nursed in the bosom of the State; the lesson in humility and patience, "in charity for all and malice toward none," which the study of the manifest designs of Providence so plainly teach us, these may well detain us for a moment's illustration. And this calls attention to that ingredient in the population of this country which came, not from the culminated pride of Europe, but from the abject despondency of Africa. A race discriminated from all the con- verging streams of immigration which I have named by ineffaceable distinc- tions of nature ; which was brought hither by a forced migration and into slavery, while all others came by choice and for greater liberty ; a race un- represented in the Congress which issued the Declaration of Independence, REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 69 but now, in the persons of four million of our countrymen raised, by the Centennial power of the great truths then declared, as it were from the dead, and Cer * m ni . rejoicing in one country and the same constituted liberties with ourselves. In August, 1620, a Dutch slave-ship landed her freight in Virginia, com- pleting her voyage soon after that of the " Mayflower" commenced. Both ships were on the ocean at the same time, both sought our shores, and planted their seeds of liberty and slavery to grow together on this chosen field until the harvest. Until the separation from England the several colonies attracted each their own emigration, and from the sparseness of the population, both in the Northern and Southern colonies, and the policy of England in introducing African slavery, wherever it might, in all of them, the institution of slavery did not raise a definite and firm line of di- vision between the tides of population which set in upon New England and Virginia from the Old World, and from them later, as from new points of departure, were diffused over the continent. The material interests of slavery had not become very strong, and in its moral aspects no sharp division of sentiment had yet shown itself. But when unity and independ- ence of government were accepted by the colonies, we shall look in vain for any adequate barrier against the natural attraction of the softer climate and rich productions of the South, which could keep the Northern popula- tion in their harder climate and on their less grateful soil, except the repug- nancy of the two systems of free and slave labor to commixture. Out of this grew the impatient, and apparently premature, invasion of the Western wilds, pushing constantly onward, in parallel lines, the outposts of the two rival interests. What greater enterprise did for the Northern people in stimulating this movement was more than supplied to the Southern by the pressing necessity for new lands, which the requirements of the system of slave cultivation imposed. Under the operatio'n of these causes the polit- ical divisions of the country built up a wall of partition running east and west, with the novel consequences of the "Border States" of the country being ranged, not on our foreign boundaries, but on this middle line, drawn between the free and slav^ States. The successive acquisitions of terri- tory by the Louisiana purchase, by the annexation of Texas, and by the treaty with Mexico, were all in the interest of the Southern policy, and, as such, all suspected or resisted by the rival interest in the North. On the other hand, all schemes or tendencies toward the enlargement of our terri- tory on the north were discouraged and defeated by the South. At length, with the immense influx of foreign immigration, reinforcing the flow of population, the streams of free labor shot across the continent. The end was reached. The bounds of our habitation were secured. The Pacific possessions became ours, and the discovered gold rapidly peopled them from the hives of free labor. The rival energies and ambitions which had fed the thirst for territory had served their purpose in completing and assur- ing the domain of the nation. The partition-wall of slavery was thrown down ; the line of Border States obliterated ; those who had battled for 70 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial territory, as an extension and perpetuation of slavery, and those who fought against its enlargement, as a disparagement and a danger to liberty, were alike confounded. Those who feared undue and precipitate expansion of our possessions, as loosening the ties of union, and those who desired it, as a step toward dissolution, have suffered a common discomfiture. The immense social and political forces which the existence of slavery in this country, and the invincible repugnance to it of the vital principles of our State, together, generated, have had their play upon the passions and the interests of this people, have formed the basis of parties, divided sects, agitated and invig- orated the popular mind, inspired the eloquence, inflamed the zeal, informed the understandings, and fired the hearts of three generations. At last the dread debate escaped all bounds of reason, and the nation in arms solved, by the appeal of war, what was too hard for civil wisdom. With our terri- tory un mutilated, our Constitution uncorrupted, a united people, in the last years of the century, crowns with new glory the immortal truths of the Declaration of Independence by the emancipation of a race. I find, then, in the method and the results of the century's progress of the nation in this amplification of its domain, sure promise of the duration of the body politic, whose growth to these vast proportions has, as yet, but laid out the ground-plan of the structure. For I find the vital forces of the free society and the people's government, here founded, have by their own vigor made this a natural growth. Strength and symmetry have knit to- gether the great frame as its bulk increased, and the spirit of the nation animates the whole : " totamque, infusa per artus, Mens agitat molem, et magno se corpora miscet." We turn now from the survey of this vast territory, which the closing century has consolidated and confirmed as the ample home for a nation, to exhibit the greatness in numbers, the spirit, the character, the port and mien of the people that dwell in this secure habitation. That in these years our population has steadily advanced, till it counts forty millions, instead of three millions, bears witness, not to be disparaged or gainsaid, to the general congruity of our social and civil institutions with the happiness and pros- perity of man. But if we consider further the variety and magnitude of foreign elements to which we have been hospitable, and their ready fusion with the earlier stocks, we have new evidence of strength and vivid force in our population, which we may not refuse to admire. The disposition and capacity thus shown give warrant of a powerful society. "All nations," says Lord Bacon, " that are liberal of naturalization are fit for empire." Wealth in its mass, and still more in its tenure and diffusion, is a measure of the condition of a people which touches both its energy and morality. Wealth has no source but labor. " Life has given nothing valuable to man without great labor." This is as true now as when Horace wrote it. The REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. ji prodigious growth of wealth in this country is not only, therefore, a signal Centennial mark of prosperity, but proves industry, persistency, thrift as the habits of C ^ cm the people. Accumulation of wealth, too, requires and imports security, as well as unfettered activity ; and thus it is a fair criterion of sobriety and justice in a people, certainly, when the laws and their execution rest wholly in their hands. A careless observation of the crimes and frauds which attack property, in the actual condition of our society, and the imperfec- tion of our means for their prevention and redress, leads sometimes to an unfavorable comparison between the present and the past in this country, as respects the probity of the people. No doubt covetousness has not ceased in the world, and thieves still break through and steal. But the better test upon this point is the vast profusion of our wealth and the infinite trust shown by the manner in which it is invested. It is not too much to say that in our times, and conspicuously in our country, a large share of every man's property is in other men's keeping and management, unwatched and beyond personal control. This confidence of man in man is ever increasing, measured by our practical conduct, and refutes these disparagements of the general morality. Knowledge, intellectual activity, the mastery of nature, the discipline of life all that makes up the education of a people are developed and dif- fused through the masses of our population, in so ample and generous a distribution as to make this the conspicuous trait in our national character, as the faithful provision and extension of the means and opportunities of this education are the cherished institution of the country. Learning, literature, science, art, are cultivated, in their widest range and highest reach, by a larger and larger number of our people, not, to their praise be it said, as a personal distinction or a selfish possession, but, mainly, as a generous leaven, to quicken and expand the healthful fermentation of the general mind, and lift the level of popular instruction. So far from breeding a distempered spirit in the people, this becomes the main prop of authority, the great instinct of obedience. "It is by education," says Aristotle, "I have learned to do by choice what other men do by constraint of fear." The "breed and disposition" of a people, in regard of courage, public spirit, and patriotism, are, however, the test of the working of their insti- tutions, which the world most values, and upon which the public safety most depends. It has been made a reproach of democratic arrangements of society and 'government that the sentiment of honor, and of pride in public duty, decayed in them. It has been professed that the fluctuating currents and the trivial perturbations of their public life discouraged strenu- ous endeavor and lasting devotion in the public service. It has been charged that, as a consequence, the distinct service of the State suffered, office and magistracy were belittled, social sympathies cooled, love of country drooped, and selfish affections absorbed the powers of the citizens, and ate into the heart of the commonwealth. j 2 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial The experience of our country rejects these speculations as misplaced Ceremonies, anc | tj iese fears as illusory. They belong to a condition of society above which we have long since been lifted, and toward which the very scheme of our national life prohibits a decline. They are drawn from the examples of history, which lodged power formally in the people, but left them igno- rant and abject, unfurnished with the means of exercising it in their own right and for their own benefit. In a democracy wielded by the arts, and to the ends of a patrician class, the less worthy members of that class, no doubt, throve by the disdain which noble characters must always feel for methods of deception and insincerity, and crowded them from the authentic service of the State. But, through the period whose ye'ars we count to-day, the greatest lesson of all is the preponderance of public over private, of social over selfish, tendencies and purposes in the whole body of the people, and the persistent fidelity to the genius and spirit of popular institutions, of the educated classes, the liberal professions, and the great men of the country. These qualities transfuse and blend the hues and virtues of the manifold rays of advanced civilization into a sunlight of public spirit and fervid patriotism, which warms and irradiates the life of the nation. Excess of publicity as the animating spirit and stimulus of society more probably than its lack will excite our solicitudes in the future. Even the, public discontents take on this color, and the mind and heart of the whole people ache with anxieties and throb with griefs which have no meaner scope than the honor and the safety of the nation. Our estimate of the condition of this people at the close of the century as bearing on the value and efficiency of the principles on which the gov- ernment was founded, in maintaining and securing the permanent well-being of a nation would, indeed, be incomplete if we failed to measure the power and purity of the religious elements which pervade and elevate our society. One might as well expect our land to keep its climate, its fertility, its salubrity, and its beauty were the globe loosened from the law which holds it in an orbit, where we feel the tempered radiance of the sun, as to count upon the preservation of the delights and glories of liberty for a people cast loose from religion, whereby man is bound in harmony with the moral government of the world. It is quite certain that the present day shows no such solemn absorption in the exalted themes of contemplative piety as marked the prevalent thought of the people a hundred years ago ; nor so hopeful an enthusiasm for the speedy renovation of the world as burst upon us in the marvelous and wide system of vehement religious zeal, and practical good works, in the early part of the nineteenth century. But these fires are less splendid only because they are more potent, and diffuse their heat in well-formed habits and manifold agencies of beneficent activity. They traverse and permeate society in every direction. They travel with the outposts of civilization and outrun the caucus, the convention, and the suffrage. The Church, throughout this land, upheld by no political establishment, REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 73 rests all the -firmer on the rock on which its founder built it. The great centennial mass of our countrymen to-day find in the Bible the Bible in their worship, the Bible in their schools, the Bible in their households the sufficient lessons of the fear of God and the love of man, which make them obedient servants to the free Constitution of their country, in all civil duties, and ready with their lives to sustain it on the fields of war. And now at the end of a hundred years the Christian faith collects its worshipers throughout our land, as at the beginning. What r half a century ago, was hopefully prophesied for our far future, goes on to its fulfillment : " As the sun rises on a Sabbath morning and travels westward from Newfoundland to the Oregon, he will behold the countless millions assembling, as if by a common impulse, in the temples with which every valley, mountain, and plain will be adorned. The morning psalm and the evening anthem will commence with the multitudes on the Atlantic coast, be sustained by the loud chorus of ten thousand times ten thousand in the Valley of the Mississippi, and be prolonged by the thousands of thousands on the shores of the Pacific." What remains but to search the spirit of the laws of the land as framed by and modeled to the popular government to which our fortunes were committed by the Declaration of Independence? I do not mean to ex- amine the particular legislation, State or general, by which the affairs of the people have been managed, sometimes wisely and well, at others feebly and ill, nor even the fundamental arrangement of political authority, or the critical treatment of great junctures in our policy and history. The hour and the occasion concur to preclude so intimate an inquiry. The chief concern in this regard, to us and to the rest of the world, is whether the proud trust, the profound radicalism, the wide benevolence which spoke in the " Declaration," and were infused into the " Constitution," at the first, have been in good faith adhered to by the people, and whether now these principles supply the living forces which sustain and direct government and society. He who doubts needs but to look around to find all things full of the original spirit and testifying to its wisdom and strength. We have taken no steps backward, nor have we needed to seek other paths in our progress than those in which our feet were planted at the beginning. Weighty and manifold have been our obligations to the great nations of the earth, to their scholars, their philosophers, their men of genius and of science ; to their skill, their taste, their invention ; to their wealth, their arts, their industry. But in the institutions and methods of government ; in civil prudence, courage, or policy; in statesmanship; in the art of "making of a small town a great city" ; in the adjustment of authority to liberty ; in the concurrence of reason and strength in peace, of force and obedience in war, we have found nothing to recall us from the course of our fathers, nothing to add to our safety or to aid our progress in it. So far from this, all modifications of European politics accept the popular principles of our system, and tend to -our model. The movements toward equality of repre- 10 74 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial sentation, enlargement of the suffrage, and public education hi England ; Ceremonies, ^ Q restoration of unity in Italy : the confederation of Germany under the July 4, 1876. J lead of Prussia ; the actual Republic in France ; the unsteady throne of Spain; the new liberties of Hungary; the constant gain to the people's share in government throughout Europe, all tend one way, the way pointed out in the Declaration of our Independence. The care and zeal with which our people cherish and invigorate the primary supports and defenses of their own sovereignty have all the un- swerving force and confidence of instincts. The community and publicity of education, at the charge and as an institution of the State, is firmly imbedded in'the wants and the desires of the people. Common schools are rapidly extending through the only part of the country which had been shut against them, and follow close upon the footsteps of its new liberty to enlighten the enfranchised race. Freedom of conscience easily stamps out the first sparkles of persecution, and snaps as green withes the first bonds of spiritual domination. The sacred oracles of their religion the people wisely hold in their own keeping as the keys of religious liberty, and re- fuse to be beguiled by the voice of the wisest charmer into loosing their grasp. Freedom from military power and the maintenance of that arm of the Government in the people ; a trust in their own adequacy as soldiers, when their duty as citizens should need to take on that form of service to the State; these have gained new force by the experience of foreign and civil war, and a standing army is a remoter possibility for this nation, in its present or prospective greatness, than in the days of its small beginnings. But in the freedom of the press, and the universality of the suffrage, as maintained and exercised to-day throughout the length and breadth of the land, we find the most conspicuous and decisive evidence of the unspent force of the institutions of liberty and the jealous guard of its principal defenses. These indeed are the great agencies and engines of the people's sovereignty. They hold the same relations to the vast democracy of modern society that the persuasions of the orators and the personal voices of the assembly did in the narrow confines of the Grecian States. The laws, the customs, the impulses and sentiments of the people have given wider and wider range and license to the agitations of the press, multiplied and more frequent occasions for the exercise of the suffrage, larger and larger communication of its franchise. The progress of a hundred years finds these prodigious activities in the fullest play, incessant and all- powerful, indispensable in the habits of the people, and impregnable in their affections. Their public service, and their subordination to the pub- lic safety, stand in their play upon one another and in their freedom thus maintained. Neither could long exist in true^ vigor in our system without the other. Without the watchful, omnipresent, and indomitable energy of the press, the suffrage would languish, would be subjugated by the corporate power of the legions of placemen which the administration of the affairs of KEPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 75 a great nation imposes upon it, and fall a prey to that " vast patronage Centennial which," we are told, "distracted, corrupted, and finally subverted the Ceremonies . Roman Republic." On the other hand, if the impressions of the press upon the opinions and passions of the people found no settled and ready mode of their working out, through the frequent and peaceful suffrage, the people would be driven, to satisfy their displeasure at government or their love of change, to the coarse methods of barricades and batteries. We cannot then hesitate to declare that the original principles of equal society and popular government still inspire the laws, live in the habits- of the people, and animate their purposes and their hopes. These prin- ciples have not lost their spring or elasticity. They have sufficed for all the methods of government in the past; we feel no fear for their adequacy in the future. Released now, from the tasks and burdens of the formative period, these principles and methods can be directed with undivided force to the every-day conduct of government, to the staple and steady virtues of administration. The feebleness of crowding the statute-books with un- executed laws; the danger of povver outgrowing or evading responsibility; the rashness and fickleness of temporary expedients ; the constant tendency by which parties decline into factions and end in conspiracies, all these mischiefs beset all governments, and are part of the life of each generation. To deal with these evils the tasks and burdens of the immediate future the nation needs no other resources than the principles and the examples which our past history supplies. These principles, these examples of our fathers, are the strength and the safety of our State to-day : " Moribus anti- quis, stat res Romana, virisque. ' ' Unity, liberty, power, prosperity, these are our possessions to-day. Our territory is safe against foreign dangers; its completeness dissuades from further ambitions to extend it, and its rounded symmetry discourages all attempts to dismember it. No division into greatly unequal parts would be tolerable to either. No imaginable union of interests or passions, large enough to include one-half the country, but must embrace much more. The madness of partition into numerous and feeble fragments could proceed only from the hopeless degradation of the people, and would form but an incident in general ruin. The spirit of the nation is at the highest, its triumph over the inborn, inbred perils of the Constitution has chased away all fears, justified all hopes, and with universal joy we greet this day. We have not proved un- worthy of a great ancestry ; we have had the virtue to uphold what they so wisely, so firmly, established. With these proud possessions of the past, with powers matured, with principles settled, with habits formed, the nation passes as it were from preparatory growth to responsible development of character and the steady performance of duty. What labors await it, what trials shall attend it, what triumphs for human nature, what glory for itself, are prepared for this people in the coming century, we may not assume to foretell. "One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh ; 76 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial but the earth abideth forever," and we reverently hope that these our cen- ter* mes, s tituted liberties shall be maintained to the unending line of our posterity, and so long as the earth itself shall endure. In the great procession of nations, in the great march of humanity, we hold our place. Peace is our duty, peace is our policy. In its arts, its labors, and its victories, then, we find scope for all our energies, rewards for all our ambitions, renown enough for all our love of fame. In the august presence of so many nations, which, by their representatives, have done us the honor to be witnesses of our commemorative joy and gratulation, and in sight of the collective evidences of the greatness of their own civilization with which they grace our celebration, we may well confess how much we fall short, how much we have to make up, in the emulative competitions of the times. Yet, even in this presence, and with a just deference to the age, the power, the greatness of the other nations of the earth, we do not fear to appeal to the opinion of mankind whether, as we point to our land, our people, and our laws, the contemplation should not inspire us with a lover's enthusiasm for our country. Time makes no pauses in his march. Even while I speak the last hour of the receding is replaced by the first hour of the coming century, and reverence for the past gives way to the joys and hopes, the activities and the responsibilities of the future. A hundred years hence the piety of that generation will recall the ancestral glory which we celebrate to-day, and crown it with the plaudits of a vast population which no man can number. By the mere circumstance of this periodicity our generation will be in the minds, in the hearts, on the lips of our countrymen at the next Centennial commemoration, in comparison with their own character and condition and with the great founders of the nation. What shall they say of us? How shall they estimate the part we bear in the unbroken line of the nation's progress? And so on, in the long reach of time, forever and forever, our place in the secular roll of the ages must always bring us into observation and criticism. Under this double trust, then, from the past and for the future, let us take heed to our ways, and, while it is called to-day, resolve that the great heritage we have received shall be handed down through the long line of the advancing generations, the home of liberty, the abode of justice, the stronghold of faith among men, "which holds the moral elements of the world together," and of faith in God, which binds that world to His throne. Upon the conclusion of the oration, the Hallelujah Chorus from Handel's Messiah was rendered by the orchestra and chorus. Then followed the Doxology, TJie One Hundredth Psalm, sung by all present; and with this the formal ceremonies were brought to a close. DISTRIBUTION OF AWARDS. THE DISTRIBUTION OF AWARDS TO EXHIBITORS. JUDGES' HALL, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27. The exercises on this occasion were conducted in accordance with of Awards the following programme : MARCH Centennial By the Orchestra, CARL HEINEMAN, Conductor. ENTRANCE AND RECEPTION OF GUESTS. PRAYER Rev. Henry A. Boardman, D.D., of Philadelphia. MUSIC The Temple Quartette of Boston. Messrs. FITZ, FESSENDEN, COOK, and RYDER. ADDRESS U. S. Commissioner Daniel J. Morrell, Presiding. MUSIC National Airs Carl Heineman, Conductor. ADDRESS U. S. Commissioner Alfred T. Goshorn, Director- General International Exhibition, 1876. MUSIC The Temple Quartette. PRESENTATION OF AWARDS TO COMMISSIONERS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES, AND TO DIRECTOR-GENERAL ALFRED T. GOSHORN FOR THE EXHIBITORS FROM THE UNITED STATES. By Joseph R. Hawley, President United States Centennial Commission. MUSIC The Temple Quartette. PROMENADE First Brigade Band. U. S. Commissioner DANIEL J. MORRELL, Presiding. U. S. Commissioner JOHN McNEIL, Master of Ceremonies. COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. U. S. Commissioner THOMAS DONALDSON, Chairman. U. S. Commissioner FRANKLIN C. JOHNSON. U. S. Commissioner J. F. BERNARD. 79 8o INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Distribution The announcement of the awards to the exhibitors of the Interna- Tasmania ' Bermuda . British Guiana . Cape of Good Hope MR. ERNESTO OLDENDORFF. DR. FRANCIS MIGERKA. MR. CHARLES W. RILEY. MR. J. GODY. MR. FELLIPE LOPES NETTO. MR. EDWARD SHIPPEN. MR. J. S. HAMMOND. MR. THOMAS SCHMIDT. MR. E. BRUGSCH. CAPTAIN ANFRYE. MR. GUSTAVUS REMAK. MR. F. BERGER. MR. H. R. HITCHCOCK. COUNT B. LITTA. LIEUT.-GEN. SAIGO TSUKUMICHI. MR. MANUEL M. DE ZAMACONA. DR. E. H. VON BAUMHAUER. MR. WILLIAM C. CHRISTOPHERSEN. H. E. THE BARON DE SANT' ANNA. H. E. MR. CHARLES DE BIELSKY. COLONEL F. LOPEZ FABRA. MR. C. JUHLIN-DANNFELT. MR. EDWARD GUYER. MR. G. H. HEAP. H. E., G. D'ARISTARCHI BEY. COLONEL HERBERT B. SANDFORD, R.A. DR. EDWARD T. WEBB. MR. A. A. OUTERBRIDGE. MR. A. E. OUTERBRIDGE. MR. H. CRAWFORD COATES. Canada HON E. G. PENNY. Ceylon "j India Gold Coast Mauritius Trinidad COLONEL H. B. SANDFORD, R.A. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 87 Jamaica MR. WILLIAM ROBERT THOMSON. Distribution New South Wales . . . MR. AUGUSTUS MORR is. of Award*. Queensland . . . .MR. ANGUS MACKAY. South Australia .... MR. S. DAVENPORT. Victoria SIR REDMOND BARRY. Venezuela MR. LEON DE LA COVA. The distribution of awards was concluded by the President's de- livering to the Director-General the list of those for exhibitors from the United States. As the representatives of the different countries were presented to the President, they were greeted with enthusiastic applause, the audience rising and cheering repeatedly. Vocal music by the Temple Quartette, followed by a promenade performed by the band of the First Pennsylvania Brigade, National Guards, ended the ceremony. CLOSING CEREMONIES. 12 8 9 BANQUET TO FOREIGN GUESTS, ST. GEORGE'S HALL, NOVEMBER 9, 1876. Preceding the public ceremony of closing the Exhibition, the closing Centennial Commission and Board of Finance united in tendering Ccremonies - a farewell banquet to the Foreign Commissioners and Judges of Awards, to whom the success of the Exhibition was so largely due. The guests on this occasion included the Commissioners and Diplo- matic Representatives of the nations which had participated in the Exhibition, the Chief-Justice and Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, a number of Senators and Members of the United States Congress, the Secretary of State and other Members of the Cabinet of the United States, the Governors of Pennsylvania, Mas- sachusetts, Delaware, and New Jersey; the Mayor of Philadelphia, the Presidents of the Philadelphia City Councils, and the Officers and Members of the Fairmount Park Commission, the Centennial Commission and the Centennial Board of Finance. The President of the United States was the presiding officer of the evening. During the course of the banquet addresses were made by representatives of the several bodies participating, and by Commis- sioners of each of the foreign countries represented, each being intro- duced in turn by the President of the Centennial Commission amid the applause of the guests. 9 CLOSING CEREMONIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1870. JUDGES' HALL, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 10. The arrangements for the closing ceremonies were as follows : Closing Ceremoniem. INAUGURATION MARCH (WAGNER) Orchestra. THEODORE THOMAS, Mtisical Director. PRAYER Rev. Joseph A. Seiss, D.D. CHORALE AND FUGUE (BACH) Orchestra. ADDRESS, by D. J. Morrell, U. S. Centennial Commissioner from Pennsylvania, Chairman Executive Committee. SELECTIONS FROM THE DETTINGEN TE DRUM . Chorus and Orchestra. ADDRESS, by John Welsh, President Centennial Board of Finance. FINALE Fifth Symphony of Beethoven Orchestra. ADDRESS, by A. T. Goshorn, Director-General. HALLELUJAH CHORUS from the Messiah (HANDEL) . Chorus and Orchestra. ADDRESS, by Joseph R. Hawley, President of the United States Centennial Commission. AMERICA Chorus and Orchestra. THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARED THE INTER- NATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876 CLOSED. DOXOLOGY Old Hundred . Chorus and Orchestra. U. S. Commissioner JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, Presiding. COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. U. S. Commissioner WILLIAM GURNEY, CHAIRMAN. U. S. Commissioner DANIEL J. MORRELL. U. S. Commissioner WILLIAM H. PARSONS. 93 Q4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. dosing COMMITTEE OF RECEPTION. U. S. Commissioner JOHN McNEIL, CHAIRMAN. U. S. Commissioner ALEXANDER R. BOTELER. U. S. Commissioner JOHN LYNCH. Director Centennial Board of Finance JOHN PRICE \VETHERILL. Director Centennial Board of Finance N. PARKER SHORTRIDGE. Director Centennial Board of Finance EDWARD T. STEELE. NOTE. At sunrise a Federal salute of thirteen guns was fired from George's Hill, by the Keystone Battery, and simultaneously from the U. S. S. Plymouth, in the harbor. During the singing of America the flag carried by Commodore John Paul Jones on the Bon Homme Richard vto& unfurled above the platform, and a salute of forty-seven guns, one for each State and Territory, was fired from George's Hill by the Keystone Battery, and simultaneously from the U. S. S. Plymouth in the harbor. At sunrise, at meridian, and at the close of the ceremonies, Prof. Widdowes rang the chimes on Machinery Hall, giving a medley of the National Airs. It was intended that the closing exercises should be held in the open air, in the grand plaza between the Main Exhibition Building and Machinery Hall. An amphitheatre of seats had been erected at this point for the accommodation of a large number of invited guests. Among these were the President and Cabinet, the Supreme Court of the United States, foreign Legations, United States Senate and officers, Members of the House of Representatives, Governors of all the States and Territories, Mayors of fifty-five cities, Circuit Court Judges of the United States, foreign Consuls-General in the United States, foreign Consuls in Philadelphia, foreign Commissioners to the Exhibition, Judges of Awards, the Centennial Commission, Centennial Board of Finance, poets, orators, etc., the United States Government Board, Heads of Administrative Departments, Judges of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Commissioners of Fairmount Park, City Councils of Philadelphia, County Court Judges, U. S. District Attorney and assistants, officers of the Army and Navy, officers of the Centennial Guard, Pennsylvania Legislature, State Board of Supervisors of Memorial Hall, Presidents and Vice-Presidents of steam and pas- senger car railroads, Women's Centennial Executive Committee, origi- nal Centennial Commission, Commissioner of Public Charities of Pennsylvania, with other distinguished citizens, and subscribers to the stock of the Exhibition. The day, however, was rainy, and it became necessary to conduct the ceremonies in the Judges' Hall, which had capacity for only a small portion of the assemblage anxious to behold them. At the opening of the ceremony there were seated on and beside the platform the Honorables John F. Hartranft, Governor of Penn- REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 95 sylvania; Alexander H. Rice, Governor of Massachusetts; John D. closing Bagley, Governor of Michigan ; Joseph D. Bedle, Governor of New Ccremonie - Jersey; J. P. Cochran, Governor of Delaware; E. A. Straw, ex-Gov- ernor of New Hampshire; William S. Stokley, Mayor of Philadelphia ; Chief-Justice Morrison R. Waite and Associate Justices Noah H. Swayne, David Davis, Joseph P. Bradley, and William Strong, of the United States Supreme Court; the Diplomatic Corps and foreign Commissioners to the Exhibition ; and other invited guests ; also the members of the United States Centennial Commission and Centennial Board of Finance. At two o'clock the aisle leading from the entrance of the Judges' Hall to the platform was lined by the First Troop of Philadelphia City Cavalry (dismounted), and way was made for the Presidential procession, which entered in the following order : The Committee of Reception. Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States, and Joseph R. Hawley, President of the Centennial Commission. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, and John Welsh, President of the Centennial Board of Finance. J. Donald Cameron, Secretary of War, and Alfred T. Goshorn, Director-General of the International Exhibition. Daniel J. Morrell, Chairman of the Executive Committee, United States Centennial Commission, and Alphonso Taft, Attorney-General. The personages thus introduced were seated at the front of the platform ; also the Rev. Dr. Seiss and Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, President of the Women's Centennial Executive Committee. After the performance of the Inauguration March by the orchestra, and a prayer by Dr. Seiss, the order of exercises proceeded as announced. ADDRESS BY DANIEL J. MORRELL. MR. PRESIDENT, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : On the pth day of March, 1870, it was my privilege to introduce in Congress a bill to provide for holding in the City of Philadelphia the Exhibition which this day brings to a close. On the 3d of March, 1871, that bill became a law, but not without opposition and amendments, which took from it all provisions for carrying out the purpose contemplated by the act itself. On the 4th of March, 1872, the Centennial Commission met and organized, and the labor of preparing for the Exhibition was commenced, in the face of obstacles such as were never encountered in a similar undertaking. 96 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 2876. Closing The Government had refused aid ; local jealousies were powerful ; the Ceremonies, newspapers of the country, with few exceptions, were lukewarm or openly- hostile, and the mass of the people could not be interested in an evenl which seemed far away in the future. During the first year of the life of the Commission doubt everywhere prevailed, and I am ashamed to say, I shall strive to forget, and I hope that history will not record, how few had faith in the success of our enterprise, and how many wise and eminent citizens rendered a hesitating support or refused to commit themselves to what, to them, seemed a hopeless cause. In this time of gloom the City of Philadelphia was not afraid to charge itself with the expenses incident to the organization and labors of the Commission, and in this and all other official acts her municipal authorities have shown courageous liberality. The creation of the Board of Finance was the turning-point in the fortunes of the Centennial Exhibition ; from that moment its prospects brightened, and though that Board was confronted with a financial panic, and other discouraging events, its executive officers moved forward in the confidence that "knows no such word as fail." By slow and laborious stages public interest was aroused ; the Women's Centennial Commission labored with zeal and efficiency; money from private subscriptions to the stock of the Board of Finance flowed into the treasury ; the State of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia made liberal appropriations for the uses of the Exhibition, of which a memorial will remain to future Centennials ; and, when success was assured, the National Congress recog- nized its duty and gave us material aid. "As a woman who is in travail hath sorrow," but, afterwards, "she remembereth no more her anguish for the joy that a man is born into the world," so the pangs of this great labor are far away and lost in this hour of its triumph. It is but just, however, in speaking for the executive officers of the Cen- tennial Commission, that I should point the future historians of the Exhi- bition to the great difficulties which have been encountered and overcome, and claim from them a charitable criticism. In comparing this work with that which has been done elsewhere, I beg them to note that this has been accomplished by the voluntary agents of a free people, clothed with no official or titular prestige or distinction, and without Governmental support. The members of the Commission and the Board of Finance have recog- nized that they were on exhibition as fully as any material object inclosed within these grounds ; that thousands of eyes would scan their every act, after the fashion of these times, which is to attribute mercenary or corrupt motives to all engaged in the execution of public trusts; and I shall esteem above the prizes the nation has won in the Exhibition, an award from that higher group of judges which represents the conscience of the world, that this work which we to-day commit to history is free from taint, that good men shall say it was honest. The managers of future Centennial celebra- tions to be held on these grounds will see and do things more wonderful REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. gj than our wildest dreams, and the remnants of our finest things may be ex- closing hibited by them as proofs of the rudeness of early days ; but in the records we have made, the full measure of our manhood will go down to them untouched by the gnawing tooth of Time. Of the Exhibition now to be numbered with the things of the past it is difficult to speak. The nations are here ; they have made this great spec- tacle what it is, and they deserve the gratitude of the American people. While they have taught much, they have also learned something; and they have seen in the crowds of American citizens of all occupations and con- ditions of life, who have thronged these grounds, a polite, orderly, self- respecting, and self-governing people. So far as their representatives have entered into our social life, we will hope they have found that what may be lacking in form is made up in substance; that the simplicity of republican manners is dignified by the sentiment of good will to men. The Exhibition was opened by starting in motion the Corliss engine, that giant of wonder to all, which for six months, with equal pulse, without haste, without rest, has propelled an endless system of belts and wheels. Silent and irresistible, it affects the imagination as realizing the fabled powers of genii and afrite in Arabian tales, and, like them, it is subject to subtile control. When these our ceremonies here are ended, the President of the United States, by the motion of his hand, will make the lightning his messenger to stop the revolution of its wheels, and at the same instant to tell the world that the International Exhibition, which marked the Cen- tennial of American national life, is closed. ADDRESS BY JOHN WELSH. FELLOW-CITIZENS: In this closing scene of the International Exhibition I may well give expression to the grateful emotions which swell my heart, that all who have shared in the labor of its preparation and conduct, in your approval of it, meet their coveted reward. The predictions of evil which were made of it and by many in high places have not been real- ized. The nation has not been dishonored. The good name of its people has not been imperiled. This day witnesses that the noble purpose of its projectors has been accomplished. It has hallowed the Centennial year by an inspiration of the past. The circumstances attendant on the nation's birth have been recalled. The patriotic impulses of the people have been quickened. Their love for their country has been strengthened. The Exhibition has concentrated here specimens of the varied products of the United States and made better known to us our vast resources. It has brought to us the representatives of many nations, men skilled, accom- plished, and experienced, and they have brought with them stores of treasures in all the forms given to them by long-practiced industry and art. 13 ^8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Closing And others are here from new lands, even younger than our own, giving Ceremonies, f^jj p rom j se o f a bright and glorious future. It has placed side by side, for comparison, the industries of the world. In viewing them the utilitarian revels in the realization that man is striving earnestly to make all things contribute to his convenience and comfort; the philosopher stands in awe at their contemplation as he dwells upon the cherished thought of the pos- sible unity of nations ; and he who looks on the grandeur of the scene from a spiritual stand-point is filled with the hope that the day is near "when the glory of the Lord shall cover the earth as the waters cover the sea." It has taught us in what others excel, and excited our ambition to strive to equal them. It has taught others that our first century has not been passed in idleness, and that, at least in a few things, we are already in the advance. It has proved to them and to us that national prejudices are as unprofitable as they are unreasonable ; that they are hindrances to progress and to welfare, and that the arts of peace are most favorable for advancing the condition, the power, and the true greatness of a nation. It has been the occasion of a delightful union among the representatives of many na- tions, marked by an intelligent appreciation of each other, rich in instruc- tion and fruitful in friendships. It has placed before our own people, as a school for their instruction, a display vast and varied beyond precedent comprising the industries of the world, including almost every product known to science and to art. It has made the country and its institutions known to intelligent repre- sentatives of all nations. They have had access to our homes, have become familiar with our habits, have studied our systems of education, observed the administration of our laws, and will hereafter understand why the United States of America exerts so large an influence on other nations, and, consequently, the great truth that in proportion to the intelligence and freedom of a people is their loyalty to their government. It has concentrated on this spot, in the short term of six months, eight millions of visitors, who have enjoyed all its rare privileges without a dis- turbance or any personal hindrance from violence or even rudeness. It has exhibited the American people in their true character, respectful of each other's rights, considerate of each other's convenience, and desirous of allowing to others a full participation in their enjoyment. It has afforded an opportunity to show that the administration of an exhibition on a grand scale may be liberal in its expenditure without useless extravagance; that its laws may be strictly enforced with impartiality and without harshness; that its regulations may secure the efficiency of its departments and uni- formity in their action ; that its whole course has been free from financial embarrassment or even a payment deferred ; and that, notwithstanding every part of its machinery was in constant motion, no one of the immense throng within the limits of the Exhibition was sensible of its restraint. It has shown that the authorities of the great city in which the Exhibition has been held have been actuated by a single eye to the promotion of the KEPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. ^ public convenience. That, under their supervision, facilities of every kind closing have been provided, property has been protected, good order has been Cere preserved, unusual health has prevailed, and extortion in its varied forms has been almost unknown : these, combined with the unlimited accom- modations for visitors and the hospitality of its citizens, are in beautiful harmony with the purposes of the Exhibition. Nor has the State of Penn- sylvania been less in sympathy. The traditions connected with its soil are its priceless heritage. The International Exhibition is to be regarded as a reverential tribute to the century which has just expired. That century has been recalled. Its events have been reviewed. Its fruits are gathered. Its memories are hal- lowed. Let us enter on the new century with a renewed devotion to our country, with the highest aims for its honor and for the purity, integrity, and welfare of its people. On the Exhibition the curtain is now about to fall. When it has fallen, the wonderful creation, in the beauties of which we have so long been reveling, will have passed away. Looking round upon it now, while the scene still glows with its grandeur, and our senses are rejoicing in its de- lights, I desire to assure all who have contributed towards its production that there is at least one who bears in grateful remembrance whatever they have done. It may have been an humble prayer, the earnings of hard toil, out of their abundance, or the devotion of years of intelligent labor it matters not. The little brooks and the rivers alike make up the mighty ocean. To all at home and abroad who have helped us forward ; to the sovereigns and Governments of other countries who have countenanced and encouraged us; to their representatives who have worked so nobly in our cause ; to the exhibitors of our own and other lands, who have done more than can be expressed; to the Congress of the United States of America, for its generous and timely aid ; and especially to the President of the United States of America, for his unwavering support and encouragement, are due the grateful acknowledgments of the nation. Would that I were authorized to make such acknowledgments here, or that my own had the value in them to make them acceptable to them all, from the humblest to the highest ! And now, to my fellow-laborers of the United States Centennial Com- mission, and of my more immediate associates in the Centennial Board of Finance, I need only say that our work has its place in the annals of the nation. If the memories of it be pleasant to our countrymen, we have done well. ADDRESS BY ALFRED T. GOSHORX. MR. PRESIDENT: The bright sunlight that came last May to greet the opening hour of the International Exhibition of 1876 was a propitious omen. 100 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Closing Those who had labored from its inception to place before the world in a proper manner an enterprise in which great expectations and interests were concentrated, were encouraged and strengthened in their work. If has since prospered and won the favor of general commendation. Millions of people have come hither to enjoy the teachings of a school that has laid the foun- dations for more liberal thought and for a more extended knowledge of the social, industrial, and political elements that contribute to the welfare of man. The beneficial results that will ensue from these teachings cannot be over-estimated. This Exhibition has been a great educator. It has given the people of other nations new and correct ideas of the resources and institutions of America. It has given the people of America enlarged information of the arts, prod- ucts, and wealth of the participating nations. It has also augmented and strengthened social and commercial relations, between nations, which are results of high importance, and may be considered a happy consummation of the objects of this international work. Had it accomplished less than this it would have failed of the hopes of its projectors. But the hour has arrived when we must dismantle these buildings and take our departure. Having been for almost four years intimately con- nected with the internal and external administration of this work, I feel that we have abundant cause for congratulation that the close of our labors terminates in the midst of a success that is manifestly satisfactory to our country and approved by the patriotism of our people. In this great under- taking we have had from the beginning the zealous co-operation and faithful services of both the officials and the exhibitors in the various departments, to whom we are pleased in this manner and on this important occasion to acknowledge our indebtedness. To our friends, the foreign Commissioners and foreign exhibitors, I am glad of another opportunity to express and repeat our most cordial greet- ings and thanks for the valuable part they have taken in this Exhibition. Without such co-operation it could not have attained the dignity and interest which has so profoundly affected the people of the United States. Your presence, gentlemen, has been accepted by the people of this country as a mission of international good will and fraternal intercourse. I pray you, therefore, to carry with you a conviction of the appreciation and friendly feelings of this government and this people toward you for your honorable and successful co-operation. I also have the pleasure to congratulate my fellow-citizens, the exhibitors from the United States. You have contributed abundantly of the rich prod- ucts of the soil and mines and of your own ingenious and skillful workman- ship; you have won fresh honors in every department, and have revealed and made better known to our own people and to the world your strength and progress and the vast resources at your command. Your contributions and intelligent co-operation entitle you to claim a large share both of the credit and benefits of the Exhibition. If the influences of this Exhibition should REPORT OJ<' THE PRESIDENT. 1OI discourage all inclinations to the showy and superficial and elevate the C ioing standard of quality and workmanship, and thereby add to the intrinsic merits and values of our products, it will produce its legitimate results and justify the expenditures of thought and treasure that have been lavished upon it. But I cannot conclude without alluding to the efficient and faithful work of my co-officials and of my personal staff, which commands my highest acknowledgments of respect and esteem. The amount of labor and thought which has devolved on you, gentlemen, can never be known, nor need it be. We have our reward in the consciousness of the confidence placed in us and in the support we have always received from the United States Cen- tennial Commission and Centennial Board of Finance, and from the numer- ous contributors in this city and elsewhere who laid the foundations of this Exhibition, and from the public. The characteristics and attractions of the Exhibition have been made known by leading journals throughout the world to thousands of readers, and these records constitute one of its most instructive and durable features. It affords me pleasure to take this opportunity of expressing to the press of the entire country, and especially of this city, my warm appreciation of the unremitting zeal and earnestness with which they have seconded the labors of the Commission and urged the claims of the Exhibition upon the atten- tion of the public. And now, Mr. President, with the close of this day another International Exhibition will be concluded and added to the records of the past. But it will not be ended, it will rather have only begun. The real exhibition we have striven for is not limited to the display of material products, which, however pleasing, must be brief. The teachings, the social and moral in- fluences, the improvements in the productive powers of genius and inventive knowledge, constitute in part the object and aim. May these be fully realized as the legitimate results of this Exhibition! ADDRESS BY JOSEPH R. HAWLEV. The final day of the Exhibition has arrived. Four years and a half ago the United States Centennial Commission, representing every State and Territory, was organized to celebrate the Centennial Anniversary of our national independence by holding an International Exhibition of arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mine. Congress deemed it fitting that the completion of the first century of our existence should be commemorated by a presentation of the natural resources of the country and their development, and of its progress in those arts which benefit man- kind in comparison with those of older nations. Happily the United States were and are at peace with the whole world. IO2 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. dosing International Exhibitions have become an established factor in modern Ceremonies, civilization, but connected with this one were features of peculiar and local interest. They have not interfered with its progress, indeed, the acceptances of other nations, and the very friendly congratulatory letters addressed to the President of the United States on the occasion of the celebration of the Fourth of July, show that they have rather given an opportunity for expressions of cordial good will that have given very great pleasure to the whole American people. There were many and great difficulties in the path of the enterprise, the usual misapprehensions, the disturbed condition of business and finance at home and abroad, and the slow conversion of a public sentiment, which, in the earlier days, feared that justice might not be done to American re- sources and capabilities. We recall the hours of uncertainty and dis- couragement solely that we may felicitate ourselves upon results that have answered the hopes and predictions of the most sanguine. The Exhibition has given us a better comprehension of our own position and progress. We expected and hoped to be taught our shortcomings in some respects, and we shall profit by the lessons. And yet we gather from our countrymen the general impression that they are not a little pleased to see how well our productions in many departments have borne the com- parisons to which they have been subjected. Unquestionably international trade and commerce will be promoted. Our manufacturers, mechanics, and artists will show by their works that they have been close students of the admirable exhibits from abroad. The ingenuity and excellence of our mechanics and inventors will be made better known. A higher benefit has been wrought. The bonds of peace have been strengthened. Innumerable ties have been created that will be strongly felt whenever national disagreements are threatened. Our people are so widely scattered, and their relations have been so seriously disturbed, that every patriot anxiously desired them to seize this great occasion to know each other better, that they may love each other more. What has been done toward this is one of our most valuable labors. The concurrent and almost wholly harmonious testimony of our critics, at home and abroad, permits us to feel that we have been on the whole largely successful in all our work. This commendatory judgment is very grateful to us. My asso- ciates have given expression to our gratitude. I would gladly add to what they have said, if I could. The Commission thanks the City of Philadelphia, the State of Pennsylvania, the National Government, and especially you, Sir, our honored President. It thanks the foreign Commissioners, one and all, most heartily. It thanks the exhibitors of all nations. It thanks the Women's Centennial Committee. It thanks the American people, whose conduct here has commanded unbroken respect. It warmly thanks its associate corporation, the Board of Finance. Above all, it reverently acknowledges the kind favor of Heaven, which has so smiled upon us that, while we turn somewhat sadly from these scenes of great labor and greater REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 103 ** pleasure, all who have been associated here may feel that they have here Closing done something to advance the world towards the better day coming. God Ceremonie - be praised for the past ! God send us all, individuals and nations, a happy future ! General Hawley's address was followed by the performance of the national air, America, by the orchestra, accompanied by the chorus and the audience. At this moment, Miss Stafford unfurled above the platform the American flag carried on Commodore John Paul Jones's frigate, the Bon Homme Richard, in 1779. Miss Stafford owns this flag, by Governmental sanction, as the daughter of Lieutenant Stafford of the Bon Homme Richard. When the hymn was ended, General Hawley said, " Mr. President, we await your pleasure." The President of the United States, rising, said, " I now declare the International Exhibition of 1876 closed." The presiding officer said, " The President of the United States will now give the tele- graphic signal to stop the great engine." The President then waved his hand to the operator, and the engine ceased to work at 3.40 P.M. The singing of the Doxology by the audience and chorus ended the ceremony, and, the audience standing, the President of the United States and his suite left the Hall, escorted as at their entrance. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 14 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. An Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, directed that the Centennial Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence should C be celebrated by holding at Philadelphia an International Exhibition International of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine.* The Exhibition. Exhibition was opened in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, on May 10, and closed on November 10, 1876. CREATION OF THE CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. movements. Your Secretary believes that the first suggestion that the Centen- Initial nial Celebration ought to involve an International Exhibition, held at ,866. Philadelphia, was made in a letter written by him in :866 to Mr. Morton McMichael, then Mayor of Philadelphia. Subsequently, I again called Mayor McMichael's attention to the subject, and he con- 1863. ferred upon it with a number of influential citizens of Philadelphia, most of them members of the Franklin Institute. This led to the formation of a committee of citizens, who invited Mr. Daniel J. April. 1869. Morrell, then member of Congress from Pennsylvania, to join them in the consideration of measures to promote an International Ex- hibition. The first legislative action in the matter began with Mr. John L. Shoemaker's presentation to the Select Council of Philadelphia of a J an -*> 1870. communication from a committee of the Franklin Institute, which recited the propriety of commemorating the anniversary by an Intcr- * The full text of the Act is printed in Appendix C, page 101. 107 IOS INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. initial national Exhibition at Fairmount Park, and requested Councils to memorialize Congress to extend suitable aid.* Mr. Shoemaker then offered resolutions embodying the recommendations of the communi- cation. These were immediately and unanimously adopted by the jan. 27, 1870. Select Council, as they were a week later by the Common Council, and a joint committee from both chambers was appointed to present the resolutions to Congress and solicit its requisite legislation. f Soon after, the Legislature of Pennsylvania took similar action and appointed a similar committee. These two committees united with one named by the Franklin Institute; and the joint committee, under the chairmanship of Mr. J. L. Shoemaker, and accompanied by Mr. Feb. 24, 1870. Daniel M. Fox, Mayor of Philadelphia, waited upon Congress and presented their memorial to the Committee on Manufactures, to whom it was referred. | The definite proposal to hold an International Exhibition instantly elicited the emulation of different sections of the country ; and the representatives of many cities, ignoring the historical claim put for- ward by Philadelphia, sought its location with themselves. For a long time this opposition prevented the legislation desired of Congress. During the interval thus occasioned much work was done in Phila- delphia by those interested in the celebration, and the Mayor addressed April 6, 1870. to the chairman of the Congressional Committee on Manufactures an invitation to visit Philadelphia, examine its manufacturing industries, and consider its advantages as the site of an International Exhibition. May 12, i8 7 o. This invitation was accepted, and the Committee on Manufactures, accompanied by many members of the Senate and House of Repre- june 16,1870. sentatives, visited Philadelphia and inspected Fairmount Park, as well as representative manufacturing establishments of the city. The result of their examination was to secure their recommendation of Philadelphia as the site of the Exhibition ; but the opposition from rival cities was still sufficient to delay legislative action, and ultimately to couple with the Act an amendment prohibiting the appropriation which was deemed essential to the success of the Exhibition. Centennial Xhe Act, however, was duly passed and approved, declaring that March's* 1871. the Exhibition should be held in Philadelphia in 1876, under the direction of a Centennial Commission, whose members should be * The full text of the communication of the Franklin Institute is printed in Appendix D, page 197. f The full text of the resolutions of the Philadelphia City Councils is printed in Ap- pendix D, page 197. The full text of the memorial of the joint committee is printed in Appendix E, page 237. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 109 nominated by the Governors of the several States and Territories and Centennial confirmed by the President.* % 1 In accordance with these provisions, the Secretary of State invited the Governors of all the States and Territories to nominate Commis- sioners, to be confirmed by the President. The terms of the Act, however, prevented the Commission from meeting in less than a year from the date of its approval. f On the earliest day possible the March 4,1372 Commissioners met at Philadelphia, in Independence Hall, twenty- nine Commissioners being present, representing twenty-seven States and Territories, and the Commission was duly organized. Before the close of the session, which lasted for eight days, three other Com- ^ ch <-". missioners presented themselves, making a total representation of thirty-two Commissioners from twenty-eight States and Territories.]; The list of Commissioners officially accredited at this time was as follows, those whose names are prefixed by parallels (||) having been present at the first session of the Commission : UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. MARCH, 1872. States and Territories. Commissioners. Alternates. Alabama .... ||WM. M. BYRD, JAS. L. COOPER. Arizona ..... R. C. McCoRMiCK, JOHN WASSON, Arkansas .... E. W. GANTT, ALEX. MCDONALD. California . . . . ||J. D. CREIGH, JOHN MIDDLETON. Colorado ||J. MARSHALL PAUL, N. C. MEEKER. Connecticut .... || JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, ||WM. PHIPPS BLAKE. _ . . * For the full text of the Act, see Appendix C, page 101. f See Section 3 of the Act, Appendix C, page 101. J For an abstract of the proceedings of this and subsequent sessions of the Commission, see Appendix A, page I. \ The names of the Commissioners appointed were communicated, from the records of the Department of State at Washington, with the following letter from the Secretary of State : " DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON, March i, 1872. "JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, ESQ., " Chairman of the Philadelphia Centennial Committee, 6n Vine Street, Philadelphia "SiR, In compliance with the request contained in your letter of the twenty-ninth ultimo, I enclose herewith a list of all the Commissioners appointed to date to represent the States and Territories at the Centennial Anniversary of American Independence, to be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1876, with Jheir residences, so far as the Department has been informed. " I am, sir, " Your obedient servant, "HAMILTON FISH." 110 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial Slates and 7"errifori Commissioners. Dakota || G. A. BATCHELDER, Delaivare .... WM. T. READ, District of Columbia . ||JAS. E. DEXTER, Florida J. S. ADAMS, Georgia ..... T. HARDEMAX, JR., Idaho ..... THOS. DONALDSON, Indiana || J. L. CAMPBELL, Iowa || ROBT. LOWRY, Kansas J. A. MARTIN, Louisiana .... ||JoHN LYNCH, Maine || JOSHUA NYE, Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan . . Minnesota . . Mississippi . Montana . . . Nebraska Nevada . . . New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York WM. P. SMITH, J. W. EDMANDS, || JAMES BIRNEY, J. F. WILLIAMS, || O. C. FRENCH. WM. H. CLAGETT, || H. S. MOODY, WM. WIRT McCoY. EZEKIEL A. STRAW, || O. CLEVELAND, E. W. LITTLE. J. V. L. PRUYN, ALFRED DOCKERY, North Carolina Ohio || HENRY PROBASCO, Oregon JAS. W. VIRTUE, Pennsylvania ....[] DAN'L. J. MORRELL, Rhode Island ... || GEO. H. CORLISS, South Carolina . . JAMES L. ORR, Tennessee .... T. H. COLDWELL. Texas . . . . . ||WM. H. PARSONS. Utah II J- H. WICKIZER, Vermont || J. N. BAXTER, Virginia ||W. W. WOOD. Washington Territory ELWOOD EVANS, West Virginia . . . ALEX. R. BOTELER, Wisconsin .... || DAVID ATWOOD, Wyoming .... H. LATHAM, Alternates. || SOLOMON L. SPINK. JOHN H. RODNEY. L. A. GOBRIGHT. J. T. BERNARD. || LEWIS WALN SMITH. JAS. S. REYNOLDS. || D. M. BOYD, JR. COKER F. CLARKSON. GEO. A. CRAWFORD. T. C. ANDERSON. C. P. KIMBALL. J. W. DAVIS. WM. B. SPOON ER. C. B. GRANT. W. W. FOLWELL. H. L. WARREN. R. W. FURNAS. ASA P. CATE. || JOHN G. STEVENS. ||CHAS. H. MARSHALL. JON. W. ALBERTSON. W. W. GRIFFITH. A. J. DUFUR. || ASA PACKER. SAMUEL POWEL. A. CAMERON. ||\VM. F. PROSSER. WM. H. PITTS. HENRY CHASE. ALEX. S. ABERNETHY. || ANDREW J. SWEENEY. E. D. HOLTON. II ROBT. H. LAMBORN. NOTE. Ultimately all the States and Territories were represented in the Centennial Commission. The subjoined list contains the names of those who have at any time been Commissioners, the names of members at the time of the Exhibition being printed in Roman type, those of ex-members in italics. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. IM UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. Centennial Loin mission, 1872-76. .872-76. States emit Ttrritories. Commissioners. Alternates. Alabama William M. Byrd (died, 1874). RICHARD M. NELSON, Sehna. JAMES L. COOPER, Huntsville. Arizona R I c H A R o C. M c Co R M I c K, JOHN WASSON, Tucson. Washington, D. C. Arkansas .... E. W. Gantt (died, 1874). Alexander Me Donald ( resigned, 1874). GEORGE W. LAWRENCE, Hot GEORGE E. DODGE, Liule Rock. Springs. California . . . . J. DUNBAR CRE1GH, San Fran- John Middlcton (died, 1873). cisco. BENJAMIN P. KOOSER, Santa Cruz. Colorado J. MARSHALL PAUL, Fair Play. N. C. MEEKER, Greeley. Connecticut .... JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, Hartford. WILLIAM P. BLAKE, New Haven. Dakota G. A. Batchelder (resigned, died, 1874). JOHN A. BURBANK, Springfield. SOLOMON L. SPINK, Yankton. Delaware .... William F. Read (<\\z&, 1873). Henry F. Askew (died, 1875). JOHN K. KANE, Wilmington. John //. Rodney (resigned, 1876). OESAR A. RODNEY, Wilming- ton. District of Columbia . JAMES E. DEXTER, Washington. LAWRENCE A. GOBRIGHT, Washington. Florida J. S. Adams (resigned, 1875). T. W. OSBORNE, New York. J. T. BERNARD, Tallahassee. Georgia Thomas Hardeman, Jr. (re- Lewis Wain Smith (resigned, signed, 1873). 1874). GEORGE HILI.YER, Atlanta. RICHARD PETERS, JR., Atlanta. Idaho THOMAS DONALDSON, Boise James S. Reynolds (resigned, City. 1874). CHR ISTOPII KR W. MOORE, Boise City. Illinois FREDERICK L. MATTHEWS, LAWRENCE WELDON, Blooin- Carlinville. ington. Indiana JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Crawfords- D. M. Boyd, Jr. (resigned, ville. 1873). FRANKLIN C. JOHNSON, New Albany. / t rwa ROBERT LOWRY, Davenport. COKER F. CLARKSON, Eldora. fCansas JOHN A. MARTIN, Atchison. GEORGE A. CRAWFORD, Fort Scott. Kentucky .... ROBERT MALLORY, LaGrange. SMITH M. HOBBS, Mount Wash- ington. Louisiana .... JOHN LYNCH, New Orleans. Thomas C. Anderson (resigned, 1872). EDWARD PENINC.TON, Phila- delphia. 112 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION 1876. Centennial Commission, 1872-76. States and Territories. Commissioners. Maine . . . . . JOSHUA NYE, Augusta. Alternates. Charles P. Kimball (resigned, 1*75). CHAS. H. HASKELL, Portland. William Piescott Smith (died, John W. Davis (resigned, 1872). 1873). James T. Earle( resigned , 1875). JOHN H. B. LATROBE, Balti- SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, Balti- more. more. J. Wiley Edmands (resigned, 1872). GEORGE B. LORING, Salem. WILLIAM B. SPOONER, Boston. James Birney (resigned, 1875). V. P. COLLIER, Battle Creek. CLAUDIUS B. GRANT, Houghton. J. FLETCHER WILLIAMS, St. W. W. FOLWELL, Minneapolis. Paul. O. C. P'RENCH, Jackson. E. D. Frost (resigned, 1872). M. EDWARDS, Gholson. JOHN MCNEIL, St. Louis. SAMUEL HAYS, St. Louis. William H. Clagett (resigned, Henry L. Warren (resigned, 1874). 1873). JOSEPH P. WOOLMAN, Helena. PATRICK A. LARGEY, Virginia City. HENRY S. MOODY, Omaha. R. W. FURNAS, Brownsville. W. W. McCoY, Eureka. JAMES W. HAINES, Genoa. EZEKIEL A. STRAW, Manches- Asa P. Gate (died, 1874). ter. M. V. B. EDGERLY, Manchester. ORESTES CLEVELAND, Jersey JOHN G. STEVENS, Trenton. City. ELDRIDGE W. LITTLE. Santa STEPHEN B. ELKINS, Washing- Fe. ton, D. C. John V. L. Pruyn (resigned, Charles H. Marshall (resigned, 1873)- 1875). N. M. BECKWITH, New York C. P. KIMBALL, New York- City. City. Alf red Dockery (resigned,^ 2}. SAMUEL F. PHILLIPS, Washing- JONATHAN W* ALBERTSON, ton, D. C. Hertford. HenryProbasco(\-es\gv\zd,i%'j2}. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Cincin- WILSON W. GRIFFITH, Toledo. nati. Oregon ..... JAMES W. VIRTUE, Baker City. ANDREW J. DUFUR, Portland. DANIEL J. MORRELL, Johns- ASA PACKER, Mauch Chunk. town . GEORGE H. CORLISS, Provi- SatHue/Powe// (resigned, 1874). dence. ROYAL C. TAFT, Providence. James L. Orr (died, 1873). WILLIAM GURNEY, Charleston. ARCHIBALD CAMERON, Charles- ton. THOMAS H. COLDWELL, Shelby- WILLIAM F. PROSSER, Nash- ville. ville. Texas ...... WM. H. PARSONS, New York. JOHN C. CHEW, New York. Utah ...... John H. Wickizer (resigned, William H. Pitts (resigned, 1875)- l8 7 2 )- Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan .. Minnesota . . Mississippi . . Missouri .. Montana .. Nebraska .. Nevada Neiv Hampshire New Jersey . New Mexico . Neiv York .. North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee . REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. jj- Staffs and Territories. Commissioners. Alternates. Utah WILLIAM HAYDON, Salt Lake Oscar G. Sawyer (resigned, ^ entcnnial ^ V Commission, City- 1874). 1873-76. William Haydon (made Com- missioner, 1875). C. R. GILCHRIST, Salt Lake City. I'ermont John N. Baxter (resigned, 1872). MIDDLETON GOLDSMITH, Rut- HENRY CHASE, Lyndon, land. Virginia Walter W. Wood (resigned, Edmund A. Bagwell (died, 1874). 1876). F. W. M. HOLLIDAY, Win- M. P. HANDY, Richmond. Chester. Washington Territory ELWOOD EVANS, Olympia. ALEXANDER S. ABERNETHY, Cowlitz County. West Virginia . . . ALEXANDER R. BoTELER, Shep- ANDREW J. SWEENEY, Wheel- herdstown. ing. Wisconsin .... DAVID ATWOOD, Madison. EDWARD D. HOLTON, Milwau- kee. Wyoming . . . . H. Latham (resigned, 1873). JOSEPH M. CAREV, Cheyenne. ROBERT H. LAMBORN, Philadel- phia. The officers and standing committees, at the time of the Exhibition, were as follows OFFICERS: President. JOSEPH R. HAVVLEY, Connecticut. VICE-PRESIDENTS : First. THOMAS H. COLDWELL, Tennessee. Second. MIDDLETON GOLDSMITH, Vermont. Third. W. W. McCoY, Nevada. Fourth. F. W. M. HOLLIDAY, Virginia. Fifth. ROBERT MALLORY, Kentucky. Sixth. JOHN A. MARTIN, Kansas. Director- General. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Ohio. Secretary. JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Indiana. Counsellor and Solicitor. JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Philadelphia. Assistant Secretaries. MYER ASCH, DORSEY GARDNER, Philadelphia. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. DANIEL J. MORRELL, Pennsylvania. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Ohio. N. M. BECKWITH, New York. ALEXANDER R. BOTELER, West Virginia. R. C. McCoRMicK, Arizona. JOHN LYNCH, Louisiana. C. P. KIMBALL, New York. S. F. PHILLIPS, North Carolina. GEORGE B. LORING, Massachusetts. GEORGE II. CORLISS, Rhode Island. JOHN II. B. LATROBF., Maryland. DAVID ATWOOD, Wisconsin. J. T. BERNARD, Florida. 15 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Centennial Commission, 1872-76. STANDING COMMITTEES. Tariffs and Transportation. O. C. FRENCH, Mississippi. W. H. PARSONS, Texas. W. F. PROSSER, Tennessee. J. M. CAREY, Wyoming. S. M. SHOEMAKER, Maryland. T. W. OSBORN, Florida. M. V. B. EDGERLY, New Hampshire. Foreign Affairs. J. L. CAMPBELL, Indiana. JOHN G. STEVENS, New Jersey. R. H. LAMBORN, Wyoming. P. A. LARGEY, Montana. G. HILLYER, Georgia. S. B. ELKINS, New Mexico. A. J. SWEENEY, West Virginia. Legislation. R. C. McCoRMiCK, Arizona. E. D. HOLTON, Wisconsin. W. F. PROSSER, Tennessee. C. W. MOORE, Idaho. F. W. M. HOLLIDAY, Virginia. GEO. HILLYER, Georgia. ROBERT MALLORY, Kentucky. Arts and Sciences. J. H. B. LATROBE, Maryland. W. W. FOLWELL, Minnesota. S. M. HOBBS, Kentucky. WILLIAM HAYDON, Utah. L. A. GOBRIGHT, District of Columbia. JOHN K. KANE, Delaware. E. D. HOLTON, Wisconsin. History, Literature, and Popular Education. D. ATWOOD, Wisconsin. J. F. WILLIAMS, Minnesota. E. EVANS, Washington Territory. J. A. BURBANK, Dakota. G. E. DODGE, Arkansas. T. W. OSBORN, Florida. JOHN H. RODNEY, Delaware. Agriculture and Live Stock. GEO. B. LORING, Massachusetts. A. J. DUFUR, Oregon. N. C. MEEKER, Colorado. R. MALLORY, Kentucky. WM. GURNEY, South Carolina. JAMES E. DEXTER, District of Columbia. L. WELDON, Illinois. Horticulture and Floriculture. R. Lo\VRY, Iowa. T. H. COLDWELL, Tennessee. J. W. HAINES, Nevada. F. C. JOHNSON, Indiana. G. W. LAWRENCE, Arkansas. J. C. CHEW, Texas. C. R. GILCHRIST, Utah. Finance. ASA PACKER, Pennsylvania. R. C. TAFT, Rhode Island. JOHN LYNCH, Louisiana. T. W. OSBORN, Florida. THOMAS DONALDSON, Idaho. R. M. NELSON, Alabama. JOSHUA NYE, Maine. Ceremonies. GEO. E. DODGE, Arkansas. GEO. A. CRAWFORD, Kansas. J. W. ALBERTSON, North Carolina. R. PETERS, JR., Georgia. V. P. COLLIER, Michigan. C. H. HASKELL, Maine. HENRY CHASE, Vermont. Classification. W. P. BLAKE, Connecticut. N. M. BECKWITH, New York. S. HAYS, Missouri. C. P. KIMBALL, New York. J. A. MARTIN, Kansas. E. PENINGTON, Louisiana. R. W. FURNAS, Nebraska. Manufactures. O. CLEVELAND, New Jersey. D. J. MORRELL, Pennsylvania. E. A. STRAW, New Hampshire. W. B. SPOONER, Massachusetts. W. W. GRIFFITH, Ohio. GEORGE A. CRAWFORD, Kansas. H. S. MOODY, Nebraska. Commerce. F. L. MATTHEWS, Illinois. C. B. GRANT, Michigan. J. L. COOPER, Alabama. A. J. DUFUR, Oregon. JOHN McNEiL, Missouri. A. S. ABERNETHY, Washington Territory JOHN G. STEVENS, New Jersey. KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Mines and Mining. W. W. McCOY, Nevada. THOS. DONALDSON, Idaho. J. D. CREIGH, California. J. WASSON, Arizona. J. M. PAUL, Colorado. SAMUEL HAYS, Missouri. J. P. WOOLMAN, Montana. Fisheries and Fish Culture. M. GOLDSMITH, Vermont. J. W. VIRTUE, Oregon. C. F. CLARKSON, Iowa. J. C. CHEW, Texas. S. L. SPINK, Dakota. BENJ. P. KOOSER, California. W. GURNEY, South Carolina. CREATION OF THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. When the Commission had organized, it found itself confronted by Finances, serious difficulties, the gravest of which was its entire want of money. The Act of Congress creating it had not even provided for the meet- ing of its members, whom it required to travel from every portion of the country to Philadelphia: it had distinctly stipulated "that no compensation for services shall be paid to the Commissioners or other officers provided by this Act from the Treasury of the United States ; and the United States shall not be liable for any expenses attending such Exhibition, or by reason of the same."* The cost of the meeting and organization of the Commission had been provided by the city of Philadelphia, whose Councils appropriated to the local 00.26, 1871. committee the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars for that purpose. The Commission perceived the impropriety of allowing a body created for the conduct of a national celebration to become a burden upon the hospitality of a single city. They further discovered that the Act of Congress made no satisfactory provision enabling them to raise capital for the preparation of the Exhibition. They were aware of the popu- lar disposition to discredit any enterprise involving the expenditure of public moneys ; and they were convinced that popular subscriptions would be more readily forthcoming if the stockholders were empow- ered to elect the disbursers of the funds. They accordingly declined to assume any responsibility for the financial management of the Ex- hibition, and intrusted to their Executive Committee the creation of * See Section 7 of the Act, Appendix C, page 102. Il6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Finances. an auxiliary body who should take charge of the raising and expendi- ture of money. After the adjournment of the first session of the Commission, the March-April, Executive Committee held a session, during which " they were aided in their deliberations by the counsel of several members of the Com- mission, not members of the Committee, and of many of the foremost citizens of the city [of Philadelphia], whose advice was sought and secured."* As the result of these conferences, and in order "to give the people of the whole country equal opportunity to contribute funds for Centennial purposes, place the enterprise upon a fair business foot- ing, and to enable those who furnish the means to have a voice in the management, with a share of the risks and profits, it was concluded to apply to Congress for the charter of a corporation to be called the ' Centennial Board of Finance,' which should have power, under the direction of the Centennial Commission, to raise ten millions of dollars upon the sale of stock, and upon which corporation should be devolved all the duties and powers necessary to conduct the work to a successful issue."f The Executive Committee, accordingly, sub- mitted to Congress the form of an Act embodying the provisions indi- cated, this form having previously been sent to each Commissioner, with a request that he should name for corporators " prominent busi- ness men of his State or Territory, of marked purity and intelligence, which names, or so far as they were furnished in time, were inserted in the bill ; but Congress" so continues the Report of the Executive Committee "substituted other names for corporators when the bill came before it."J The Act, as amended, passed both Houses of * See Report of the Executive Committee, May 23, 1872. f See last reference. J The names of the corporators inserted by Congress are printed in the Act approved June I, 1872, Appendix C, page 103. Those named by the Executive Committee, on the nomination of the Centennial Commissioners, were as follows : Alabama. Robert M. Patton, Levi W. Lawler, John Reid, John W. Durr, Joseph H. Bradley, David P. Lewis, James Fitts, G. T. McAfee. Arizona. Levi Bashford, C. T. Hayden. Arkansas. Frederick Kramer, Charles Miller, H. P. Coolidge. California. William Alvord, Thomas H. Selby, Peter Donahoe, Tyler Curtis, Richard Ogden, Clans Sprekles, John Bidwell, Charles Maclay, Edgar Mills, William C. Ralston, A. S. Hallidie, Milton S. Latham, D. Jarrett White. Colorado. Edward M. McCook, Jerome B. Chaffee, James Archer, Henry M. Teller, George M. Chillcott, William Gilpin. Connecticut. Ward Cheney, Charles Parker, Charles Benedict, Nathaniel Wheeler, John W. Slater, Eli Whitney. Dakota. -C. Thompson, S. B. Stough, Albert Smith. Delaware. Job A. Jackson, Washington Jones, Edward Belts, Joshua T. Heald, John W. 'Evans, Abraham Shannon, James H. Russell, John Ponder. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. u ^ Congress, and was approved by the President;* and it became the Finances, duty of the Executive Committee to provide for the organization J unei l8 7*- of the Centennial Board of Finance. f District of Columbia. -H. D. Cooke, A. R. Shepherd, N. B. Fugitt, J. L. Home, John O. Evans, R. C. Fox, Moses Kelly. Florida, Ambler D. Griffith, C. Parkhurst, Wm. Curry, J. Brosnahan, A. Hopkins. Georgia, H. Brigham, G. E. Thomas, Jr., Octavus Cohen, John McDearmid, E. W. Croker, S. T. Coleman, J. B. Ross. Idaho, J. W. Griffin, Morgan Morgan. Illinois. Wm. F. Coolbaugh, Norman B. Judd, Wm. B. Ogden, J. M. Adsit, H. O. Armour, D. J. Ely, J. W. Bunn, John Williams, George Bruner, Charles Fisher, John C. Proctor, L. C. Bull. Indiana, W. C. DePau, John C. Culbertson, H. C. Newcomb, John S. Newman, J. P. Siddall. Iowa, B. F. Allen, James F. Wilson, James M. Tuttle. Kansas, John J. Ingalls, C. W. Babcock. Louisiana. John S. Walton, John G. Gaines, C. H. Slocomb. Massachusetts. M. F. Dickinson, Jr., John G. Drake, Samuel Abbott Green, Win. S. Appleton, Francis B. Hayes, James Savage, Charles W. Upham, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Samuel Foster Haven, Charles Deane, Lorenzo Sabine, Edmund Hamilton Sears, Charles Brooks, James Russell Lowell. Maine. Samuel F. Hersey, Charles P. Kimball. Maryland. Enoch Pratt, George E. Franklin, Wm. R. Goodman, James Andrews, Horace Abbott, F. L. Brauns, A. S. Abell, Alex. Brown. Michigan. R. A. Alger, J. A. Jerome, George F. Bagley. Minnesota. Russell Blakeley, Dorilus Morrison. Missouri. Wm. G. Elliot, Matthew Foster, C. F. Lohman, Beauvais Reno, Samuel C. Davis. Mississippi. A. Warner, Jo'.n A. Klein, Thos. E. Helm, J. A. Miller, W. J. Sykes. Montana, Frank C. Deimling. Nebraska. Alvin Saunders, John F. Redick, William H. James. Nevada.]. C. Hampton, R. S. Egbert, J. P. Smith, S. Cole, A. W. Campbell. New Hampshire. Samuel W. Hale, Joseph B. Walker. New Jersey. Charles S. Olden, John R. Mullaney, Marcus L. Ward, Joel Parker, Courtland Parker, Theodore F. Randolph, Alexander G. Cattell, A. S. Hewitt, Benjamin G. Clark, Thomas R. McKeen, Jesse E. Peyton, John H. Lyon, Thomas M. Gopsill, D. B. Grant, George Peters, William Moore. New York. Wm. H. Appleton, John Taylor Johnston, Moses Taylor, Cornelius Van- derbilt, Nathan C. Ely, Samuel J. Tilden, Wm. A. Whitebeck, Henry Sanger, Peter Naylor, Wm. M. Vermilye, Henry Clews, Howard Potter, A. T. Stewart, Wm. B. Astor, Wm. C. Fowler, Demas Barnes, John A. Griswold, John Grouse, J. M. Warren, Charles Bliven, S. F. Pratt, Sidney Shepard, Homer Ramsdell, Samuel Shether, E. Ketcham, J. F. Terrill, * The full text of the Act creating the Centennial Board of Finance is printed in Ap- pendix C, page 102. f At the second session of the Centennial Commission, in anticipation of the passage of the Act, it was (May 28, 1872) " Resolved, That upon said Act becoming a law, the Ex- ecutive Committee is hereby instructed and impowered to prescribe the rules and take all necessary steps for the organization of said Centennial Board of Finance, in accordance with the provisions of said Act." IX 8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. a. The Executive Committee, accordingly, adopted rules specifying sept... 1872. the manner in which the organization was to be effected ;* invited the Centennial Commissioners to name, at as early a day as practica- NOV. io, 1872. bi Cj banks or bankers who should act as agents for securing sub- scriptions to the stock in each State and Territory ; provided these agents with the necessary books and forms of subscription certifi- Feb. 28, '1873. cates ; and designated the period of one hundred days within which subscriptions would be received preparatory to the election of the directors of the Centennial Board of Finance. f The quota of stock James Bogardus, Samuel H. Vance, George H. Moore, James Lennox, John B. Moreau, Edward L. Hemy, C. Baldwin. North Carolina, James B. Hughes, L. H. Adams, James H. Chadbourn, L. A. Hart. Pennsylvania. John Welsh, J. Edgar Thomson, Adolph E. Borie, Morton McMichael, William M. Lyon, John O. James, B. F. Jones, Matthew Baird, John Shoenberger, William Sellers, A. J. Drexel, George W. Cass, Jay Cooke, Thomas A. Scott, George W. Childs, John L. Shoemaker, Edwin H. Filler, William Semple, Robert F. Taylor, William W. Harding, Daniel M. Fox, Samuel H. French, James L. Claghorn, James A. Freeman, John Price Wetherill, William Frew, J. Vaughan Merrick, William Thaw, John W. For- ney, George W. Hill, J. Gillingham Fell, George G. Meade, Charles S. Wood, Frank M. Etting, Wm. J. Horstman, Eli K. Price, James Thompson, Alex. M. Fox, Joseph F. To- bias, Theodore Cuyler, Franklin B. Gowen, H. F. Kenney, L. M. Thompson, James M. Robb, Henry M. Phillips, Henry C. Gibson, Jacob Riegel, William L. Scott, Frank Wells, Dr. E. H. Morwitz, Frederick Fraley, A. H. Franciscus, John H. Michener, John Rice, F. A. Comly, M. Hall Stanton, Thomas H. Powers, Conrad S. Grove, Samuel M. Felton, Joseph Wharton, Henry C. Carey, A. L. Crawford, Charles H. Stinson, Dr. Joshua T. Jones, Joshua B. Lippincott. Rhode Island. William S. Slater, Albert S. Gallup, Ambrose E. Burnside, Seth Padel- foitf, Amos C. Barstow, James T. Smith. South Carolina. George W. Williams, Andrew Simonds, D. T. Corbin, L. D. Childs, R. K. Scott, C. W. W. Dudley, H. P. Hammett, Thomas J. Pickins, Reuben Tomlinson. Tennessee. Oliver P. Temple, Edmund Cooper, Henry G. Smith, Wm. H. Brown, W. M. Farrington, R. W. McClellen, R. S.Jones. Texas. W. Jockusch, H. Rosenberg, J. P. Davie, T. T. House, W. J. Hutchins. Utah. Samuel S. Walker, John P. Taggart. Vermont. Horace Fairbanks, Lawrence Barnes, James Saxe, Joel Fletcher, D. Taft, Stephen L. Herrick. Virginia. Wms. C. Wickham, Joseph R. Anderson, J. G. Cecil, Hugh Blair Grigsby, J. E. Roller, John B. Minor, A- B. Cochran, Edward .Mayo, Barton Haxall, Peter V. Daniel, Jr. West Virginia. Lewis Applegate, James McCluney, O. C. Dewey, J. N. Camden, John Hall, John P. Hale, Allen T. Carpenton, Charles J. Faulkner, Benton Despard. Wisconsin. C. C. Washburn, Alexander Mitchell, Philetus Sawyer, John Lawler, D. A. Baldwin, James H. Howe, C. G. L. Meyers, James Campbell. Wyoming Territory. John A. Campbell, Stephen F. Nuckolls, Frank Walcott, Wm. T. Jones, William A. Carter, Edwin Dawson, Luther Fillmore, Orlando North, George W. Corey. * The full text of the rules, as subsequently amended, is printed in Appendix B, page 30. | The work of equipping the agents with their books and attending to their correspond- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. to which each State and Territory was entitled to subscribe, in pro- Finance.. portion to its population, and the amount actually taken by each before the close of the hundred days, were as follows : Feb. as, i8 73 . No. STATE OR TERRITORY. POPULATION. QUOTA IN SHARES. QUOTA SHARES IN DOLLARS. SUBSCRIBED. I New York . 4,382,759 113,666 $1,136,660 ... 2 Pennsylvania 3,521,951 91,341 913f4K> 71,263* 3 Ohio . 2,665,260 69,123 691,230 22 4 6H.87I 6c8 710 5 Missouri . . 1,721,295 w J> w / * 44,641 ^ J J tJ 9/ * w 446,410 6 6 Indiana . . 1,680,637 43,587 435,870 29 7 Massachusetts . 1,457,351 37,796 377,960 ... 8 Kentucky . 1,321,011 34,260 342,600 ... 9 Tennessee . 1,258,520 32,639 326,390 ... 10 Virginia . . 1,225,163 3i,774 317,740 ... ii 10.067 700,670 12 Georgia . . 1,184,109 O >-7 / 30,710 O^^79 / 307,100 ... ! 3 Michigan . 1,184,059 30,708 307,080 9 H North Carolina ... . 1,071,361 27,785 277,850 ... 15 Wisconsin 1,054,670 27,353 273,530 4i 16 Alabama . 996,992 25,854 258,540 32 17 New Jersey 906,096 23,499 234,990 135 18 Mississippi 827,922 21,472 2I4J20 19 Texas 818,579 21,230 212,300 ... 20 Maryland . 780,894 20,252 2O2,52O 36 21 Louisiana 726,915 18,852 188,520 ... 22 South Carolina . 705,606 18,300 l83,000 ... 23 Maine 626,915 16,258 162,580 ... 24 California 560,247 14,530 145,300 117 25 Connecticut 537,454 13,939 139,390 ... 26 Arkansas 484,471 12,565 125,650 2 2 7 West Virginia . 442,014 11,464 II4,64O ... 28 Minnesota 439,706 11,404 I 14,040 ... ence was very serious. In the words of the report of the Temporary Secretary, Mr. Lewis Wain Smith (May 7, 1873), "Some idea of the magnitude of the work can be formed from the fact that there were one thousand seven hundred and fourteen agents located in different parts of the country, and that there were printed for distribution to them no less than two hundred thousand scrip subscription blanks, in addition to subscription-books, blanks for making returns, etc. The forwarding of these required a separate clerical force, as well as the entering in the proper record of the names of the various individual sub- scribers to the stock. The time for the performance of this labor was so brief that the employes were often compelled to work far into the night, as well as during the day, to accomplish the task in time. The amount of the postage-account bears testimony to the extent of the matter prepared for mailing. So great, at times, was the pressure upon the post-office to receive, cancel the stamps, and forward the matter which the Commission .sent, that, at the request of the postmaster, the mail was divided and sent at specified hours, in order that the immense quantities deposited at one time should not interfere with the regular service." * Of the 71,263 shares above credited to Pennsylvania, 69,864 were taken in Phila- delphia. I2O INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Finances No. STATE OR TERRITORY. POPULATION. 2 9 Kansas .... 3 6 4,399 30 Vermont .... 330,55! 31 New Hampshire 318,300 3 2 Rhode Island . 217,353 33 Florida .... 187,748 34 District of Columbia 131,700 35 Delaware 125,015 36 Nebraska 122,993 37 New Mexico . 91,874 38 90,923 39 Utah .... 86,786 40 Nevada .... 42,491 4i Colorado .... 39,864 42 Washington 23,955 43 20,595 44 Idaho .... 14,999 45 Dakota . 14,181 46 9,658 47 Wyoming 9,118 QUOTA SHARES IN DOLLARS. SUBSCRIBED. #94,500 85,730 82,550 56,370 10 48,690 25 34,170 32,420 26 31,900 5 23,830 23,590 412 22,510 11,020 10,340 6,210 5,340 2 3,890 3,680 2,500 102 2,360 38,558,371 1,000,000 #10,000,000 72,274 March 10. 1873- April 22. Centennial Board of Finance, April 22, 1873. After the close of the hundred days the Centennial Commission, by its President and Secretary, issued a call to the corporators and other subscribers to the stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, for a meeting at Concert Hall, Philadelphia, for the purpose of electing a Board of Directors to serve for one year. The meeting was duly held ; the Centennial Commission nominated, in compliance with the terms of the Act of Congress,* one hundred stockholders, from whom twenty-five Directors were to be elected. At the close of the elec- tion the Board of Directors was found to have been chosen as follows : BENJ. F. ALLEN, of Iowa. W. H. APPLETON, of New York. J. S. BARBOUR, of Virginia. C. M. BIDDLE, of Philadelphia. A. D. BULLOCK, of Ohio. T. COCHRAN, of Philadelphia. C. W. COOPER, of Allentown, Pa. J. CUMMINGS, of Massachusetts. S. M. FELTON, of Philadelphia. E. H. FITLER, of Philadelphia. D. M. Fox, of Philadelphia. J. GORHAM, of Rhode Island. H. C. LEA, of Philadelphia. W. V. McKEAN, of Philadelphia. J. PATTERSON, of Philadelphia. R. M. PATTON, of Alabama. J. M. ROBB, of Philadelphia. WM. SELLERS, of Philadelphia. * See Section 4 of the Act, Appendix C, page 108. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 121 N. P. SHORTRIDGE, of Philadelphia. E. T. STEEL, of Philadelphia. J. E. THOMSON, of Philadelphia. C. C. WASHBURN, of Wisconsin. Board of Finance. JOHN WELSH, of Philadelphia. J. WHARTON, of Philadelphia. A. S. HEWITT, of New Jersey. The Board was soon organized by the election of officers, and, after filling vacancies caused by the death or resignation of members, was as follows ; President. JOHN WELSH, Philadelphia. Vice-Presidents, WILLIAM SELLERS, Philadelphia. JOHN S. BARBOUR, Virginia. Directors. J. CUMMINGS, Massachusetts. J. GORHAM, Rhode Island. A. S. HEWITT, New Jersey. T. H. DUDLEY, New Jersey. C. W. COOPER, Pennsylvania. S. M. FELTON, Pennsylvania. R. M. PATTON, Alabama. B. F. ALLEN, Iowa. D. M. Fox, Philadelphia. Jos. PATTERSON, Philadelphia. E. H. FITLER, Philadelphia. THOS. COCHRAN, Philadelphia. N. P. SHORTRIDGE, Philadelphia. J. M. ROBB, Philadelphia. E. T. STEEL, Philadelphia. C. M. BIDDLE, Philadelphia. J. WANAMAKER, Philadelphia. J. P. WETHERILL, Philadelphia. FAIRMAN ROGERS, Philadelphia. HENRY WINSOR, Philadelphia. Secretary and Treasurer. FREDERICK FRALEY, Philadelphia. Auditor. H. SEYMOUR LANSING, Philadelphia. The Centennial Commission soon afterwards held its third session, during which the relative rights and duties of that body and the Board of Finance were determined in a conference between com- May 3. 1873 mittees representing the two bodies. 16 I22 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. WORK OF THE CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. Work of Until the organization of the Centennial Board of Finance the ^ 8 7 _ m ' sslon ' Centennial Commission was without means to enter upon the dis- charge of the duties imposed upon it. The liberality of the city of Oct. 26, 1871. Philadelphia had provided, as has already been mentioned, $25,000 to cover the cost of its first meeting and organization. When the con- tinued failure of Congress to make an appropriation in behalf of the Exhibition left the Commission without funds to meet its current ex- penses, the Philadelphia Councils again came to its aid and placed at NOV. 4 , 1872. its disposal $50,000, for the purpose of paying " the current and inci dental expenses of the United States Centennial Commission, and of opening books of subscription in the several States and Territories, and organizing the Centennial Board of Finance."* From these funds the imperative expenses of the Commission were met, until the organ- April 22, i8 73 . ization of the Board of Finance afforded legitimate resources for the prosecution of its duties. Nevertheless, during this initial period the work imposed upon the representatives of the Commission at Philadelphia its Executive Committee, Executive Commissioner, and Temporary Secretary vvas varied and arduous. It involved (i) the work of the Commission preparatory to the Exhibition, (2) the organization of the Centennial Board of Finance, and (3) co-operation with the Citizens' Centennial Finance Committee of Philadelphia in promoting stock subscriptions. I. As to the labors of the Centennial Commission in preparation Preparations /.,-,-., / for Exhibition, for the Exhibition, committees had been appointed at its first session upon the plans and architecture of the Exhibition buildings and upon the classification of the exhibits ; and these committees made what progress was possible with the subjects intrusted to them. The ex- ecutive officers of the Commission at this time found that nothing required more urgent attention than the informing of the general public as to the nature of the Centennial Celebration and Exhibition ; and this they essayed to do by the dissemination of circular addresses to societies and associations of various descriptions, to the clergy * From the title of the city ordinance. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. I23 and other professions, by the publication of newspaper articles, and work of through similar instrumentalities.* 2. The organization of the Centennial Board of Finance at the organizing earliest day possible was of prime importance. This involved the Finance. preparation of the rules to be followed in its organization, and their distribution among the corporators and subscription agents the latter 1714 in number in all parts of the country; and with most of these individual correspondences had to be maintained, while all were furnished with scrip, subscription-books, blank forms for returns, and other printed forms.f These preliminaries were successfully accom- plished, and the Board organized as detailed in the last chapter. 3. The work done by the Citizens' Centennial Finance Committee, Citizens' largely through the medium of the Centennial Commission, was of Committecs the most diversified kind. This Committee was originated in com- pliance with a resolution passed at the meeting of the Pennsylvania NOV. 2 . 1872. Corporators of the Centennial Board of Finance, " That the corpora- tors residing within the limits of the city of Philadelphia be consti- tuted a Committee with power to add to their number, whose duty it shall be to take such measures as in their judgment may seem best toward obtaining subscriptions to the stock, of the Centennial Board of Finance." This Committee soon organized, appointing " a Sub- NOV. 18, 1872. Committee of Twenty-Five for the purpose of preparing and reporting a plan of action for popularizing the subscription to the stock of the Centennial Fund in Philadelphia, and to secure subscriptions among the various trade interests of the city ;" and there was also appointed a Citizens' Centennial Finance Committee of Three Hundred, under which there were named sub-committees 178 in number represent- ing the various trades, occupations, professions, and social and busi- ness interests. Stated meetings were regularly held of these Com- mittees, of their chairmen, and of the Executive Committee of the * Reprints of the circulars issued at this time, together with a selection of such official documents as illustrate the administration of the Exhibition throughout, are given in Ap- pendix B, page 1 6. In evidence of the work of this kind done between the close of the second session of the Commission (May 29, 1872) and the meeting of the fourth session (May 7, 1873), i* deserves note that there were issued 15,000 copies of an address to the clergy, 10,000 copies of addresses to industrial associations, 10,000 copies of addresses to instructors in schools and colleges, 10,000 copies of addresses to city, State, and national officers, 130,000 copies of an address to the people of the United States. Similar items of literary and clerical labor have been mentioned in a previous note (pages 12, 13), and others will be referred to in future pages. f The cost of postage during this period (May 29, 1872,10 May 7, 1873) was 52283.66. The items of stationery, printing, telegraphing, and advertising amounted to 16,067.09. 124 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. citizens' Work of Citizens' Centennial Finance Committee ; and a system was organized which provided for the personal solicitation of subscriptions from every business and social class in Philadelphia, and caused merchants, bankers, church officials, and other influential persons to address to their correspondents throughout Pennsylvania letters enlisting their co-operation. The subscriptions thus directly secured were of high importance ; but there were special financial exigencies at this junc- ture which rendered indispensable such efforts as were made by the Citizens' Committees. The terms of the Act of Congress authorizing the Exhibition had specified that, whenever the Governor of Pennsyl- vania should notify the President of the United States that provision had been made for the erection of the Exhibition buildings, the Pres- ident should announce the Exhibition to foreign nations, and solicit their participation.* Until this could be accomplished the interna- tional feature of the Exhibition had not even a theoretical existence ; and the unavoidable delays involved in the legislation by Congress had already proved so great as to occasion serious doubts whether the arrangements for the Exhibition could be perfected in season.f Thus it was essential that every means should be essayed to hasten the subscription of funds sufficient to erect the buildings ; and while the Committees labored hard to dispose of shares of the stock, they also addressed themselves to securing substantial aid from the city and State treasuries. To this end a Deputation comprising representatives of the Execu- tive Committee of the Centennial Commission, the Citizens' Com- mittees, the Committee of Philadelphia Councils, and the Fairmount Park Commission, met the Senate and House of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania in joint session at Harrisburg, explained to them the jan 28, 1873. benefits to accrue to the State and the nation from the Exhibition, and the assurance of its success which would be afforded by their prompt February. appropriation of $1,000,000 in its aid. Memorials were immediately * See Section 8 of the Act, Appendix C, page 102., f The first action of Philadelphia Councils soliciting Congressional sanction of the Ex- hibition was on January 20, 1870. The hill was introduced in Congress Fehruary 24, 1870. The opposition there offered delayed its approval until March 3, 1871. The terms of the Act as passed precluded the organization of the Centennial Commission within a year of its passage before March 4, 1872. Necessity then arose for creating the Board of Finance, and the Act for that purpose approved June I, 1872 required a term of 100 days before the election of directors, during which subscriptions might be made to the stock of the Board; so that its organization could not be effected before April 22, 1873. More than three years had thus passed, since the first action, before the Commission had any command of money wherewith to discharge the duties imposed upon it, and only three years remained wherein to complete the preparations for the Exhibition. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 125 circulated and numerously signed in all parts of Pennsylvania, praying Work of the the Legislature to take this action, as were others, in Philadelphia, ^J^* 10 "' urging an appropriation by the City Councils of $500,000 for the same Finances, purpose. Councils promptly made the grant desired of them ; but in Feb. 27,1873. the Legislature the measure encountered not only the opposition usu- ally offered to a money-bill, but the special local hostility of legislators and others who imagined that the Philadelphians purposed erecting, under the guise of a Memorial Hall, a building suitable for use as legislative chambers, and thereby facilitating the removal of the State capital from Harrisburg to Philadelphia. This opposition, however, was overcome by the manifestations oPpublic sentiment in the numer- ously signed memorials and the public meetings held in every quarter in behalf of the Exhibition, and especially by an immense mass-con- Feb. 22,1873. vention at Philadelphia in which eminent speakers from all parts of the country participated, while the public announcement of the large amounts of stock subscribed, and the full reports published by the newspapers generally, awakened a wider interest in the Centennial Celebration than had ever previously been manifested. At last the Legislature passed and the Governor approved a bill appropriating March *7. $1,000,000 "for the erection of a permanent Centennial building in Fairmount Park, which shall remain perpetually as the property of the people of the Commonwealth for their improvement and enjoy- ment."* These two appropriations of $1,500,000 from Pennsylvania and Philadelphia, together with stock subscriptions amounting to $722,- 740 made previously to the organization of the Board of Finance, justified the Governor in notifying the President that the requisite provision for the buildings had been made. This he did; and on June 24, 1873. the occasion of the formal transfer of the Exhibition grounds to the Jui y Centennial Commission, in the presence of representatives of the National Government the Secretary of the Navy made public the President's proclamation announcing and commending to the people Pre$i X , 1 g| il 1 K W SI a o2 a < g U ^ !e C/3 5P Q t/5 a M 02 E X < u s < o H s 8 wU M u u . zoo a H gg M u E ill s B 5 U 5 J ' J5 o M $5 890 70 |2,O4I.8l $2,111.67 $6,063.45 434- 1876. RECEIVED. SENT. LETTERS. DOCUMENTS. LETTERS. DOCUMENTS. 4,651 4,777 7,607 8,875 4,821 2,485 i,4i5 1,239 T ,740 3,47i 2,169 2,231 46 57 93 72 77 61 48 1 66 68 65 16 30 4,797 5,656 IO I0 .4 6,569 6,012 5,982 3,151 5,824 4,604 &g 3,496 3,78i 2,279 4,577 7,422 2,901 2,904 1,238 1,148 T.7I4 2,506 3,021 881 February March April May lulv Total 45,787 799 68,008 33,874 Total for 1876, 148,468. SUMMARY. RECEIVED. SENT. LETTERS. DOCUMENTS. LETTERS. DOCUMENTS. For the 111,985 7 ',607 75,909 53,479 33.874 3,669 5,051 'S,473 45,787 g 444 799 7,444 4,9S 10,038 68,008 1875 " " 1876 Total 72,980 *,35 98.785 345,8$4 Total for 1872-76, 519,854. 132 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. EXHIBIT B. THE CENTENNIAL POST-OFFICE. In the section of the United States Government Building devoted to the Post-Office Department was established a branch of the Philadelphia office, which exhibited the ordinary operations of a post-office of the first class. Information furnished by Mr. George W. Fairman, then Postmaster of Philadelphia, gives the following details of its work. Ten letter-carriers and seven clerks were employed ; the carriers and clerks being placed on duty only as they were required until the Exhibition was opened on May 10. Hourly exchanges of mails were made between the Centennial branch and the main office by five wagons, built expressly for the purpose. Fifty ornamental pedestal letter-boxes were located throughout the grounds and buildings, from which the carriers made hourly col- lections. An official statement of the business transacted at the Centennial Post-offide is as follows : MAIL MATTER DELIVERED. rf i J 3 LOCAL LETTERS. | dO 1 LOCAL POSTAL CARDS. NEWSPAPERS. March 669 108 144 April 5 660 1,368 4 8u May e 88^ 6 488 5 883 June 0,400 10,039 76 1 86 July. ... 86 554 80 018 27 t;86 14 885 September 112 681 November 10 896 Total 6^-3 *86 Total number of pieces, 1,555,255. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. MAIL MATTER COLLECTED. 133 r MAIL LETTERS. LOCAL LETTERS. i a x Sad ^ - | NEWSPAPERS. March 906 *95 138 April 14 168 4 8?3 Mav June 26,657 38,378 July ... 30 810 on ogg September 73,642 October oc acg 80618 71,965 10 468 31 815 Total 205 687 348 911 Total number of pieces, 1,580,617. The whole number of pieces delivered and collected within the Centennial grounds was 3,135,872. Registered letters mailed, 2255. Registered letters delivered, 2047. MONEY ORDERS ISSUED. DOMESTIC. FOREIGN. NUMBER. AMOUNT. NUMBER. AMOUNT. March, April, May 212 564 544 5i8 734 595 318 $4,012.08 11,280.62 10,555.60 10,802.09 16,389.73 14,071.79 7,59i- 2 3 16 24 20 19 32 3' 20 $324.7 566.25 480.00 326.95 596.37 676.63 3'3-75 lulv .. September October Total 3,485 $74,703-14 162 $3,284.70 Total number of orders, 3647. Value, $77,987.84. MONEY ORDERS PAID. DOMESTIC. FOREIGN. NUMBER. AMOUNT. NUMBER. AMOUNT. March, April, May ii 95 $ 249 321 I6 3 $230.90 2,476.90 4,3>3-79 4,425-84 6,483.29 1 5,84-36 3,367-77 2 I 3 $53-5* IO.OO 65.17 June July .... ii 4 8 276.90 103.70 167.66 October Total X,C9a $26,482.85 *9 $676.95 Total number of orders, 1 121. Value, $27, 159.80. There were 680,000 stamped envelopes of the special Centennial design retailed at the branch office, and the total sales of postage stamps, etc., amounted to $49,329.60. 134 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. EXHIBIT C. EXPENDITURES THROUGH THE SECRETARY'S OFFICE. FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1873. ANNUAL MEETING OF COM- MISSIONERS, ETC. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE ON PLANS. MEETING "OF FEBRUARY 22. OFFICE EXPENSES, INCLUDING MAIL MATTER, EXPRESSAGE, TELEGRAPHING, ETC. PRINTING, PHOTOGRAPHING, LITHOGRAPHING, ELECTRO- TYPES, ETC. STATIONERY, BOOKS, PAPERS, MAPS, PLANS, ETC. SALARIES. VIENNA AGENCY. MINERAL COLLECTION. TOTAL PER MONTH. .May 4,234- '5 $97.71 97.20 18.75 $717.10 500.00 $1,586 78 288 90 1,361-55 27.60 262.16 650.92 $1,120.84 1,952.50 1,683.32 1,683.32 1,720.47 2,269.98 2,564.99 2,748.32 $2,500.00 500.00 $10,756.58 3,111.46 4,523-26 2,409.74 4,726.85 6,574-M 4,620.18 4,034.58 $272.86 5S9-9 2 310.82 I93-9 8 2 II' 8 lulv 439-45 $460.27 108.90 307-38 488.45 288.69 199.20 August September ' ( )ctober 242.86 4.8.1 & 500.00 2,45-33 1,500.00 $1,500.00 November December 821.81 232. 51 $2,111.67 32.74 Total 4,673 60 ^2,041.81 $1,217.10 $4,210.65 $1,852.89 $15,743-74 $7,405.33 $1,500.00 $40,756.70 FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1874. ' ANNUAL MEETING OF COM- MISSIONERS. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE ON PLANS. ADVERTISING. OFFICE EXPENSES, INCLUDING MAIL MATTER, EXPRESSAGE, TELEGRAPHING, ETC. PRINTING, PHOTOGRAPHING, LITHOGRAPHING, ELECTRO- TYPES, ETC. STATIONERY, BOOKS, PAPERS, MAPS, PLANS, ETC. SALARIES. VIENNA AGENCY. MINERAL COLLECTION. TOTAL PER MONTH. January $285.80 156.40 486.51 $89.97 244.62 18.73 417-03 67-75 60.48 205.66 308.79 316.99 146.39 440.76 525-72 $283.15 296.86 3".5o 22.50 746.32 640.85 808.35 362.00 509-75 202.25 $42.40 "" 66"2o 92.63 93.10 355-27 268.72 I9L73 265.45 197-36 $ ,548.32 ,548.32 ,439-99 ,189.99 > l8 9-99 ,756.66 ,839-99 ,911.99 ,899.99 ,775-66 ,551-66 ,732-49 $500.00 1,022.49 $3,749.64 3,246.20 3,867.78 4,276.70 6,651.85 1,962.74 3,9 l8 -4i 5,212.63 3,678.81 2,663.96 2,755-28 7,721.62 "$856'. 3 o March April May $3,075-93 104.20 1,213.98 650.25 120.92 575-28 $7.00 1,500.00 : October 55-75 318.50 4,942.66 Total $3,726.18 $2,952.63 $4,949.66 $2,842.89 $4,183.53 $1,572.86 $24,385.05 $1,522.49 $3,570.28 $49,705.57 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 135 FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1875. ANNUAL MEETING OP COM- MISSIONERS. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE ON PLANS. ADVERTISING. OFFICE EXPENSES, INCLUDING MAIL MATTER, EXPRESSAGB, TELEGRAPHING, FREIGHT AND HAULING, ETC. PRINTING, PHOTOGRAPHING, LITHOGRAPHING, ELECTRO- TYPES, ETC. STATIONERY, BOOKS, PAPERS, MAPS, AND PLANS. SALARIES. VIENNA MINERAL COLLECTION. TERRITORIAL MINERAL COL- LECTION. TRAVELING EXPENSES. TOTAL PER MONTH. $170.50 357-3 88.69 4I3-35 78 28 $211.98 251.38 78.85 $161.45 406.76 362.56 1,091.50 1,098.20 396-09 920.07 463-56 796.00 7 2 5-42 934-79 1,122.73 $?77.00 1,418.48 1,482.41 1,801.25 1,131-25 1,575-10 1,813.05 2,227.20 2,406.95 2,389.70 1,458.45 1,405.37 $-* 12 403-97 53-00 644.12 582.86 388.74 161.81 382.58 184.31 448.12 373-50 497-25 $1,491-66 1,391.66 2,566.65 4,129.99 3,695-31 4,417.80 4,555.i6 4,800.58 5,011-54 4,193-53 8,023.19 6,957-5i $3,368.71 4,231-55 4.6I7-3 1 8,159.06 12,592.29 8,007.92 7,79i-39 8,105.53 8,738.36 8,312.07 11,139.85 11,021.73 February March April A $58.60 IO.OO $2,550.09 13.397-70 75-oo 67.80 35-45 81.50 162.64 57-42 177-85 $1,101.69 43-50 2 73.50 196.16 258.06 392-66 July ~. August September.. October November.. ::!!.'.'.'.'.*" ** * 861.02 Total $1,101.69 l3,425-52 $606.21 $8,479.13 $20,036.21 $4,528.38 *5i,234-58 $68.60 $2,550.09 $4,055-36 $96,085.77 FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1876. a o | || $$ 2I 3 Total paid for advertising 78,134-57 The report was, on motion, accepted and adopted. JOURNAL OF FINAL SESSION OF CENTENNIAL COMMISSION.^ Letters of regret at not being able to attend the final meeting were received from Messrs. Atwood, Nye, Phillips, Clarkson, Spooner, McNeil, Hays, Crawford, Shaw, McCoy, Meeker, and Peters. Mr. Creigh, of California, informed the Commission of the death of his colleague, Mr. Kooser. Mr. McCormick announced that of J. Marshall Paul, of Colorado. Mr. Cleveland, of New Jersey, moved that, the Commission having heard with regret of the deaths of Messrs. Kooser and Paul, appro- priate resolutions be entered on the journal. Agreed to. Mr. Morrell, of Pennsylvania, referred to the death of the Hon. Morton McMichael, President of the Pennsylvania State Board, and the Hon. John L. Shoemaker, late Solicitor to the Commission. Mr. Cleveland, of New Jersey, moved that a committee of three (3) be appointed to draft resolutions expressive of regret and regard referring to the deaths of Mr. McMichael and Mr. Shoemaker. Agreed to. The Chair announced as the committee Messrs. Morrell, Latrobe, and Boteler. Mr. Lynch, of Louisiana, offered the following resolutions : Resolved, That the final reports of the Executive Committee, the Director-General, Secretary, and President, together with the reports on Awards and of the Committee on Finance and Accounts, are hereby approved. Resolved, That the President of the Commission is hereby directed to present said reports to the President of the United States, in accord- ance with the Act of Congress, as the final reports of this body. Adopted. On motion, a recess was taken until 4 o'clock P.M. J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 4 o'clock P.M. The Commission re-assembled. Mr. Morrell, on taking the chair, informed General Hawley that the members present had decided to tender him a testimonial in con- sideration of his faithful services as presiding officer of the Commis- sion since its organization. General Hawley replied that the action of the gentlemen was a surprise to him, for he had been sufficiently rewarded by the success of the Exhibition, and added that although the duties of the office were not always easy, he nevertheless felt proud that he had been 21 102 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. connected with the enterprise, and thanked the members for their tribute. Mr. Latrobe, of Maryland, for the committee appointed to draft resolutions referring to the deaths of the Hon. Morton McMichael and Mr. John L. Shoemaker, offered the following : Resolved, That the United States Centennial Commission have heard with great regret of the death of the Honorable Morton McMichael since the last meeting of the Commission. That not only as a man, universally beloved and valued in the city whose highest office he had held, and in whose service, in other official stations, he had been eminently useful, do this Commission, in common with her fellow-citizens, lament his death ; but they feel especially called upon, on this occasion, to recognize the great in- terest which, as President of the Board of Commissioners of Fair- mount Park, he manifested in promoting the undertaking that has now been so happily achieved, and which in no small degree was de- pendent on the location of the Exhibition in the beautiful park in whose government he was at all times so prominent. Nor can the Commission close this brief notice without recalling those occasions of social intercourse in which Mr. McMichael's kindly, genial, and hospitable nature contributed so much to the enjoyment of all around him. Adopted. Expressions of regard and sympathy for the loss of Mr. McMichael were made by Messrs. Morrell, Goshorn, Cleveland, and McCormick. Mr. Latrobe offered the following resolution : Resolved, That the United States Centennial Commission have heard with regret of the death of Mr. John L. Shoemaker, Counselor and Solicitor of the Commission, since its last meeting. Of all those to whose unstinted service the Commission in its early existence was indebted for encouragement and success, no one was more conspicuous than Mr. Shoemaker, whose deserved influence in the City Councils of Philadelphia, - and whose enlightened and enlarged views and devoted energy, were at all times at the service of the Commission, and are now gratefully remembered and grate- fully acknowledged. Resolved, That a copy of the above resolutions be sent to Mrs. Shoemaker. Adopted. The Secretary, Mr. Campbell, and Mr. Morrell expressed their sympathy for the loss of Mr. Shoemaker. Mr. Nelson, of Alabama, moved that the records of the United JOURNAL OF FINAL SESSION OF CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONS^ States Centennial Commission be placed in the custody of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institution for preservation when a proper fire-proofroom is provided for them in the buildings under the control of said Institution. Agreed to. Mr. Lowry, of Iowa, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That the thanks of the United States Centennial Com- mission are eminently due, and are hereby tendered, to the citizens of Philadelphia for the kindness and courtesy always extended to the Commission from its organization, on the 4th of March, 1872, to its close. Adopted. Mr. Kimball, of New York, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That the President of the Commission, the Chairman of the Executive Committee, and the Director-General are hereby au- thorized and instructed to settle all business relating to the Centennial Exhibition that remains unfinished at the close of this meeting. Adopted. By Mr. Latrobe : Resolved, The United States Centennial Commission have heard of the death since their last meeting of J. M. Paul and J. S. Adams, members, and D. P. Kooser, an Alternate, and regret that they are no longer living to enjoy, as they would have done, the final success of the undertaking which, during their lives, they had labored to promote. Adopted. Resolution offered by Mr. French, of Mississippi : Resolved, That the thanks of this Commission are hereby tendered to all of the officers of the Commission for efficient services credit- able alike to themselves and country in the great enterprise in which we have been engaged, and which has been brought to a termination so successful and gratifying. Adopted. By Mr. Gobright, of the District of Columbia: Resolved, That the thanks of this Commission are also due, and are hereby tendered, to the press of the country for its necessary agency in assisting to assure the success of the Exhibition. Adopted. By Mr. Cleveland, of New Jersey : Resolved, That the thanks of the Commission are especially due and heartily tendered to the Hon. George H. Corliss, of Rhode Island, for the benefits derived from his munificent generosity in INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. furnishing the motive-power for Machinery Hall at an expense to himself, believed by the Commission to be in excess of any donation ever made by a private individual to a similar Exhibition. Adopted. By Mr. Cleveland, of New Jersey : Resolved, That we fully appreciate the efficient labors of the Ex- ecutive Committee, and fully recognize that to their efforts the success of the Exhibition is largely due; and, without wishing to detract from the services of any who have served as members of said Committee, desire to express our thanks especially to Hon. J. D. Morrell, Chair- man, for his untiring efforts in the interest of the success of the Exhibition. Adopted. By Mr. Cleveland, of New Jersey: Resolved, That the thanks of the United States Centennial Com- mission are hereby tendered to the officers and directors of the Centennial Board of Finance for ability and integrity shown in the management of the financial affairs of the Exhibition, services ren- dered in many instances without compensation and at great personal inconvenience. Adopted. By Mr. Wasson, of Arizona: Resolved, That the hearty and grateful thanks of the United States Centennial Commission are due, and are hereby tendered, to the Women's Centennial Executive Committee, of which Mrs. E. D. Gillespie was Chairman, and to its various other committees ofladies throughout the country, for their patriotic and successful efforts in aid of the Centennial Celebration and International Exhibition of 1876. Adopted. The Hon. Richard C. McCormick, in response to the request of the Commission asking for information regarding the Paris Exposition, said that he had been called so unexpectedly to take charge of the American exhibits at the Paris Exposition, and the time was so short to make the necessary preparations, that he was afraid the whole matter would result in a failure ; but, contrary to prediction, a great success had been attained, for the American exhibits drew more pre- miums in proportion to their exhibits than any other country. In speaking of the effect of the Centennial on the people of the world, he was able to say with pleasure that he, while abroad, had heard it spoken of almost every day in the very highest terms, and even the PVench authorities in welcoming the American Commissioners always made allusion to the success of the Exhibition. It takes its place, as it JOURNAL OF FINAL SESSION OF CENTENNIAL COMMISSION.^ very properly should do, among the highest ranks of the great World's Fairs of previous years, as well as the one of last year, and through- out all Europe its greatness is willingly acknowledged. The Paris Exposition was purely a governmental investment, there being between sixty and seventy millions of francs used to make it a grand success, which it certainly was ; but with it all the receipts were no larger than our own. It is fair to say, however, that their price of admis- sion was only one franc, while we charged at the rate of two and a half francs. He indorsed what had been said by other gentlemen respecting the great good that had been accomplished, and said that, in his opinion, the good effects have hardly began to be felt, and it would take the next fifty years to fully develop them. We can praise ourselves for producing, as individuals, an Exhibition that the combined Governments of Europe could hardly excel. Before leaving Paris he paid a visit to M. Gambetta, who said that it would have been one of the greatest misfortunes that could have befallen the French people if the American people had failed to be represented at the Paris Exposition. All over Europe the people fully appreciate the medals and premiums given by the Centennial Exhibition, for they display them in the most conspicuous places, and always produce them with the very kindest and proudest feelings. Professor William P. Blake, of Connecticut, said that, having served on the International Jury at Paris, he was glad to confirm the state- ments of Commissioner McCormick, and to add that our certificates of award always commanded the attention and respect of the foreign Jurors. Whenever on visiting an exhibit the Centennial Diploma was shown, it led at once to the inquiry for the text of the award, for the reasons why the exhibit had been honored. These reasons were of great service in recalling the points of excellence of the objects, and in enabling the Jury to form a more rapid and more correct appreciation of any improvement or advance. More than one Juror had expressed the conviction that our system of awards had great advantages over the old system of graded medals, and that it only needed to be better understood and more carefully followed to give more general and complete satisfaction. Mr. Latrobe moved to adjourn. General Hawley called the attention of the Commission to the solemnity of the occasion of adjourning, perhaps for the last time, and concluded by saying, " I now put the motion for final adjourn- ment." The motion was carried. J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. APPENDIX TO THE REPORTS OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION AND CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. CONTENTS. APPENDIX A. Abstract of the Journal of the Centennial Commission I APPENDIX B. Circulars, Announcements, Regulations, etc. ........ 16 APPENDIX C. Legislative and Executive Action of the Government of the United States . . 101 APPENDIX D. Legislative and Executive Action in the States and Territories . . . .120 Alabama. ............. 120 Arizona . .121 Arkansas 123 Colorado 126 Connecticut ............. 128 Delaware 131 Florida ............... 132 Georgia 134 Idaho 134 Illinois 135 Indiana .............. 137 Iowa 138 Kansas 143 Kentucky ............. 159 Louisiana . 163 Maine 164 Maryland ............. 167 Massachusetts . . . . . . . 171 Michigan 173 Minnesota * 174 Mississippi 176 Missouri 178 Montana . . . .. 178 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Nevada ...... 180 New Hampshire . 182 New Jersey 182 New Mexico 187 New York 188 i v CONTENTS. PAGB North Carolina 191 Ohio 191 Oregon 195 Pennsylvania 196 Rhode Island 221 Virginia 224 Washington Territory 226 West Virginia 227 Wisconsin 231 Dakota 233 APPENDIX E. Action of Municipal and Corporate Bodies 237 Philadelphia 237 Wilmington, Delaware 243 APPENDIX F. Board on Behalf of the Executive Departments of the United States Government . 244 APPENDIX G. State Boards of Centennial Managers 245 APPENDIX H. Acceptances by Foreign Governments 250 Argentine Republic ........... 250 Austria ..... ......... 251 Belgium . 251 Bolivia .............. 252 Brazil ....'... 252 Chili 253 China 254 Colombia ............. 254 Denmark ............. 255 Ecuador ........ . 255 Egypt 255 France ...... 256 Germany 256 Great Britain 257 Greece . 257 Guatemala 257 Hawaiian Islands 258 Honduras ............. 259 Italy 260 Japan 260 Liberia ..." 261 Luxembourg ............. 261 Mexico .............. 262 Netherlands ............. 262 Orange Free State 263 Peru 263 Portugal 264 CONTENTS. v PAGE Russia 264 Salvador 265 Siam 265 Spain 265 Sweden and Norway ........... 266 Switzerland 267 Tunis 268 Turkey ... 268 Venezuela ............. 268 APPENDIX I. Participation by Foreign Nations .......... 269 Argentine Republic ........... 269 Austria 269 Belgium .............. 269 Brazil 269 Denmark 270 Egypt 270 Germany ............. 270 Great Britain and Colonies .......... 270 Bahamas 271 Canada 271 Cape of Good Hope . . . . . . . . . .271 New South Wales 271 South Australia . 272 Tasmania 272 Victoria 272 Japan 273 Netherlands 273 Orange Free State 273 Peru 273 Portugal 273 Sweden and Norway 274 Switzerland 274 Tunis 274 Venezuela 274 APPENDIX A. ABSTRACT OF THE JOURNAL OF THE CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. There have been eight sessions of the United States Centennial Commission, viz. : First .... March 4, 1872. 6 32 28 Second . . . May 22, 1872. 7 41 33 Third . . . December 4, 1872. 7 50 37 Fourth . . . May 7, 1873. 6 59 43 Fifth . . . May 20, 1874. 3 46 33 Sixth . . . May 19, 1875. 4 54 37 Seventh . . . April 26, 1876. 13 72 46 Eighth . . . May 17, 1876. 60 77 47 FIRST SESSION. MARCH 4-11, 1872. The Centennial Commission, having organized, proceeded to meet the Mayor, Select Abstract c and Common Councils, and representatives of corporate bodies of the city of Philadelphia, in Independence Hall; Accepted invitations to visit the rooms of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania ; To visit the United States Mint; To view the art gallery of Messrs. Porter & Coates, publishers, and their copy of Washington's Family Bible ; To attend the stated meeting of City Councils; To visit the club-house of the Union League of Philadelphia; To visit Carpenter's Hall ; To meet the President of the United States at the residence of Mr. George W. Childs ; To visit Fairmount Park with the Committee of Councils on the Centennial Anniver sary and the Park Commissioners ; To visit the rooms of the Library Company of Philadelphia, and of the Mercantile Library Company; Adopted resolutions, " That the site for holding the International Exhibition in 1876 be fixed at Fairmount Park, within the corporate limits of the city of Philadelphia;" " That the arrangement and classification of objects [shown in the Exhibition] shall be both geographical and systematic, and that a committee of three be appointed by the Presi- dent to prepare and report a system of classification and arrangement combining these two elements;" " That the Committee on Plans and Architecture be requested to report at the May meeting sketches of plans for a building or inclosure to contain about fifty acres of floor 2 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Abstractor space, with estimates of the cost of such a structure as in their judgment may be deemed ?si'on necessary;" " That the Governors of the several States and Territories be requested, through State organizations, to assist and co-operate with the Commissioners appointed by them, in the matter of State legislation, if required, and in every other way that may awaken an interest and tend to promote and bring to the best results the objects of this Commission ;" Heard an address from Mr. Wm. P. Blake, Alternate Commissioner of Connecticut, upon "Previous International Exhibitions;"* Instructed, by resolution, the Committee on Legislation to visit the Japanese Embassy, in Washington, to inform them of the intended Exhibition, "and to solicit the personal action of the Embassy to enlist the interest of the Imperial Government and people of Japan in a full representation of the arts, industry, and products of their nation;" Adopted the By-Laws hereto appended ; and Completed its organization by naming its permanent officers and standing committees. BY-LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COM- MISSION. ARTICLE I. OFFICIAL TITLE. This body shall be known as " The United States Centennial Commission," as pro- vided for by the Act of Congress approved March 3, 1871, and the celebration for the conduct of which the Commission is appointed shall be known as " The International Exhibition of 1876." ARTICLE II. QUORUM. A quorum for the transaction of business shall consist of the Commissioners represent- ing not less than thirteen States and Territories. ARTICLE III. TOWER OF ALTERNATE COMMISSIONER. An Alternate Commissioner shall have all the powers of a Commissioner when the Commissioner is not present at any meeting. When the Commissioner is present the Alternate may participate in the debates, and serve on committees, but shall have no vote. ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS OF THE COMMISSION. The officers of the Commission shall consist of a President and five Vice-Presidents, all of whom shall be chosen from among the members of this Commission. They shall be elected at the first stated meeting. The terms of the officers then elected shal 1 expire on the first Wednesday of May, 1873; a ft er which time the officers elected shall hold for one year. In case of a failure to elect at the time specified, the officers then serving shall continue until the choice of their successors. ARTICLE V. ELECTION OF A SECRETARY. The Commission shall, at a subsequent stated meeting, elect a Secretary, who shall hold his office at the pleasure of the Commission: Provided, That until such election a member of the Commission shall be chosen to act as Temporary Secretary. * Mr. Blake's address is printed in full in the Journal of the first session, pp. 53-66- APPENDIX A. ARTICLE VI. Abstractor Journal. ELECTION OF TREASURER. ^ Sess j O n A Treasurer shall be elected by the Commission; he shall give security in such a sum, and of such a character, as to meet the approval of the Executive Committee, or such other committee as may be designated by the Commission. ARTICLE VII. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. The President shall nominate, subject to the approval of the Commission, at its first session, an Executive Committee, consisting of seven members. The said committee shall have power to act on such questions as shall arise during the recess of the Commission, subject to the approval of the Commission at its next stated meeting. A majority of its members shall constitute a quorum, and shall have power to make such regulations for their own government as to them shall seem proper. They shall elect such officers and agents as they shall deem necessary ; shall define their duties, and fix their compensation. They shall report, fully, all their transactions to the Commission, from time to time, for approval. In case of any vacancy happening when the Commission is not in session, the same shall be filled by the President, subject to confirmation by the Commission at the next stated meeting. ARTICLE VIII. DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Commission; he shall appoint all committees unless otherwise ordered; he shall, at the request of the Executive Committee, call special meetings of the Commission, giving not less than thirty (30) days' notice to each member, and shall have all the powers and privileges incident to the position of presiding officer; he shall be ex-officio member of all committees. ARTICLE IX. DUTIES OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS. A Vice-President shall, in the absence of the President, perform his duties, each taking precedence in accordance with the order of his election. ARTICLE X. DUTIES OF SECRETARY. The Secretary shall conduct all correspondence of the Commission; he shall receive and carefully file all documents relative to the business of the Commission. He shall be present at the office of the Commission, in the city of Philadelphia, and cany out any orders of the Commission or the Executive Committee; he shall keep minutes of all transactions, and at each meeting, or when required, report all matters of interest to the Commission and the Executive Committee. All books, documents, and papers in his possession shall, at all times, be open to the inspection of any member. ARTICLE XI. DUTIES OF TREASURER. The Treasurer shall hold all moneys belonging to the Commission. He shall deposit the same in such depository as may be designated by the Commission, and draw the same only on proper warrants of the authorized officer. He shall keep accurate accounts of all the receipts and expenditures, and shall report the same, in detail, to the Executive Com- mittee quarterly, or oftener, if required by them, and also at each meeting of the Commis- sion. His books shall, at all times, be open to any one of the Commissioners. Abstract of Journal, ist Session. 4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876 ARTICLE XII. PAYMENT OF MONEYS. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury of the Commission except on specific appropriations made by the Commission or the Executive Committee, and under such rules and restrictions as the Executive Committee shall prescribe. ARTICLE XIII. STANDING COMMITTEES. The President shall appoint the following committees, to hold for one year, or until discharged by the Commission: A Committee on Finance, to consist of five (5) mem- bers; a Committee on Plans and Architecture, to consist of seven (7) members; a Com- mittee on Tariffs and Transportation, to consist of seven (7) members; a Committee on Foreign Affairs, to consist of five (5) members; and a Committee on Opening Ceremonies, to consist of five (5) members, to whom shall be referred such matters as appropriately belong to their respective duties. ARTICLE XIV. STATED MEETINGS. Stated annual meetings of the Commission shall be held on the first Wednesday of May of each year after 1872. ARTICLE XV. RULES OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW. The rules of Parliamentary Law, as laid down in Cushing's Manual, shall be the rules governing the deliberations of the Commission, except when they conflict with the provis- ions of these By-Laws. ARTICLE XVI. AMENDMENTS TO BY-LAWS. Amendments to these By-Laws shall only be made at a meeting of the Commission, as provided for in the fifth section of the Act of Congress. ORESTES CLEVELAND, HENRY PROBASCO, OFFICERS. President. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY. Vice- Presidents. WILLIAM M. BYRD, JOHN DUNBAR CREIGH. ROBERT LOWRY. Temporary Secretary. LEWIS WALN SMITH. STANDING COMMITTEES. Executive Committee. ' Committee on Plans and Architecture. DANIEL J. MORRELL, Pennsylvania. JOHN V. L. PRUYN, New York. GEORGE H. CORLISS, Rhode Island. WM. PRESCOTT SMITH, Maryland. JOHN LYNCH, Louisiana. JOHN G. STEVENS, New Jersey. WALTER W. WOOD, Virginia. HENRY PROBASCO, Ohio. WM. HENRY PARSONS, Texas. JOHN N. BAXTER, Vermont. EZEKIEL A. STRAW, New Hampshire DAVID ATWOOD, Wisconsin. WM. T. READ, Delaware. GEO. A. BATCHELDER, Dakota. APPENDIX A. Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. O. C. FRENCH, Mississippi. DAVID M. BOYD, JR., Indiana. CHARLES H. MARSHALL, New York. JOSHUA NYE, Maine. A. J. SWEENEY, West Virginia. WM. F. PROSSER, Tennessee. JOHN H. WICKHIZER, Utah. Committee on Finance. J. WILEY EDMANDS, Massachusetts. ASA PACKER, Pennsylvania. SAMUEL POWEL, Rhode Island. JAMES BIRNEY, Michigan. J. MARSHALL PAUL, Colorado. Committee on Foreign Affairs. JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Indiana. JOHN G. STEVENS, New Jersey. ROBERT H. LAMBORN, Wyoming. JOHN V. L. PRUYN, New York. LEWIS WALN SMITH, Georgia. Committee on Opening Services. JAMES L. ORR, South Carolina. RICHARD C. MCCORMICK, Arizona. HENRY S. MOODY, Nebraska. SAMUEL POWEL, Rhode Island. WILSON W. GRIFFITH, Ohio. Committee on Legislation. DAVID ATWOOD, Wisconsin. ORESTES CLEVELAND, New Jersey. WILLIAM M. BYRD, Alabama. WILLIAM F. PROSSER, Tennessee. J. E. DEXTER, District of Columbia. SOLOMON L. SPINK, Dakota. WILLIAM H. CLAGETT, Montana. Abstract of Journal, ist Session. SECOND SESSION. 2 d Session. MAY 22-29, 1872. The Commission heard and adopted reports from The Executive Committee, reporting its action since the adjournment of the Commis- sion in March, detailing the considerations which had led to its application to Congress for the incorporation of the Centennial Board of Finance, and urging the propriety of a govern- mental appropriation to cover the expenses of the Commission ;* The Committee on Plans and Architecture, stating that it had held numerous confer- ences with committees representing the architects of Philadelphia, New York, and Boston ; and urging the Commission to decide upon the site and other preliminary details essen- tial to further progress; also, a further report specifying the manner in which architects should be invited to compete for the premiums offered for the best plans ;f The Committee on Foreign Affairs, submitting the General Regulations which should accompany the Proclamation of the President of the United States, inviting foreign nations to participate in the Exhibition ;J The Committee on Foreign Affairs, recommending that the President of the United States be requested to appoint three members of the Centennial Commission to act as United States Commissioners at the International Exhibition at Vienna in 1873; The Committee on Legislation, stating that, in accordance with instructions received at the first session, it had visited the Japanese Embassy at Washington (March 14, 1872), had conveyed to the ambassadors the desire of the Centennial Commission that Japan should be fully represented in the Exhibition, and had received from them assurances that they would cordially interest themselves in the matter; * The (first) Report of the Executive Committee is printed in full in the Journal of the second session, pp. 94-101. t Full details of the work of the Committee on Plans and Architecture are given in the Report of the Director-General, p. 29. t The report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, which embodies the substance of the General Regula- tions as ultimately adhered to, is printed in the Journal of the second session, pp. no, in ; see also 112, 121. Abstract of Journal. 2d Session. 6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. The Committee on Classification, submitting and explaining the outlines of their proposed system of arrangement of objects exhibited. Invitations were accepted to visit the Cincinnati Industrial Exhibition, in September and October, 1872, a visiting committee being appointed; To attend a conversazione at the rooms of the Philadelphia Chapter of the American Institute of Architects; To make use of the rooms of the Centennial Committee of the State of Pennsylvania ; To view paintings in the art gallery of Messrs. James S. Earle & Sons ; To accept silk badges woven on the Jacquard looms of Messrs. Werner, Itchner, & Co., and to visit their factory; To inspect the ship-yards and harbor of Philadelphia; TQ visit Fairmount Park with the Committee of City Councils on the Centennial Anniversary ; To accept the privilege of free transportation over the Pennsylvania Railroad and its branches when traveling on the business of the Commission. Resolutions were passed as follows : " That each Commissioner and his Alternate are instructed in some suitable form to bring the objects of the Centennial Celebration of American Independence to the notice of the Governors of their respective States and Territories, and to ask them to call the special attention of their Legislatures, asking them to make some arrangement by the State Government to aid in forwarding this noble and patriotic enterprise;" also, further resolutions, recommending the formation of co-operative Boards of Centennial Managers in each State and Territory, and providing that a letter should be forwarded to each Governor suggesting a general plan of action ; That an Address to the People of the United States should be issued, informing them of the characteristics of the Exhibition ; That, upon the passage of the Act then pending in Congress for the incorporation of the Centennial Board of Finance, the Executive Committee should take all steps necessary for the organization of that body ; That a collection should be made of the reports, statistics, etc., of previous Inter- national Exhibitions ; That an official Seal be adopted for the use of the Centennial Commission ; That a legal Counsellor and Solicitor for the Commission be elected; and That the office of " Executive Commissioner" be constituted. In accordance with the last two resolutions, the Commission unanimously elected as Counsellor and Solicitor Mr. John L. Shoemaker, of Philadelphia, and as Executive Com missioner Mr. W. P. Blake, of Connecticut. The Special Committee on Classification was made a standing committee. THIRD SESSION. DECEMBER 4-11, 1872. The Commission heard and adopted reports from The Executive Committee, reciting the progress which had been made in the organiza- tion of the Board of Finance, acknowledging the appropriation by the Philadelphia City Councils of $50,000 for the furtherance of that work and the current expenses of the Com- mission ; reiterating the considerations which dictated a Congressional appropriation to the Commission, and deploring the death of Mr. Wm. Prescott Smith, of Maryland, a member of the Executive Committee;* * The (second) report of the Executive Committee is printed in full in the Appendix to the Journal of the third session, pp. 3-23. APPENDIX A. 7 The Executive Commissioner, detailing the procedure which had been followed in Abstract of organizing the Board of Finance, the methods of popularizing the Exhibition by the dis- Journal- semination of addresses to industrial, scientific, and other associations; and correspondence y which had occurred with individuals and societies purposing to participate in the Exnibition ;* The Committee on Classification, communicating proof-sheets of the system so far as perfected ; The Committee on Plans and Architecture, explaining that funds were not yet avail- able for the prosecution of its work ; The Committee on Foreign Affairs, reporting upon its correspondence with societies and individuals abroad. An invitation was accepted to visit the club-house of the Union League of Philadelphia. Resolutions were passed Expressing the grief of the Commission at the death of Mr. William Prescott Smith, Commissioner from Maryland; Authorizing the Executive Committee to proceed with the organization of the Board of Finance; Instructing the Executive Committee to co-operate with the Philadelphia citizens' committee who were engaged in furthering the Centennial Celebration ; Instructing the President of the Commission to report to Congress the work thus far accomplished ; Adopting a memorial (signed by all the members of the Commission present) solicit- ing such governmental assistance as might be necessary to carry on the preparations for the Exhibition ; also requesting the Committee on Finance to proceed to Washington and lay the subject before Congress ; Authorizing the President of the Commission to appoint a committee of its members to visit the International Exhibition at Vienna, 1873, and report upon it; Directing a revision of the By-Laws ; Conveying to Mr. Lewis Wain Smith the thanks of the Commission for his discharge of the duties of Temporary Secretary. Mr. Lewis Wain Smith, Alternate Commissioner of Georgia, declared his inability to longer act as Temporary Secretary of the Commission. [No successor being appointed, Mr. Smith filled the position until the next session of the Commission.] Mr. Wm. P. Blake, Alternate Commissioner of Connecticut, resigned his office of Ex- ecutive Commissioner. FOURTH SESSION. 4 thSiio,, MAY 7-13, 1873. Reports were received and accepted from The Executive Committee, reciting its transactions since its previous report; the work done toward raising stock subscriptions and assisting the Exhibition by the Citizens' Centennial Finance Committee of Philadelphia, which represented every trade, profession, and business interest of the city ; the co-operation of the Fairmount Park Commission, the Philadelphia City Councils Committee, and the Pennsylvania State Centennial Commission; the appropriation by the Philadelphia Councils of $500,000 toward the erection of the Centennial buildings; the holding of a grand mass-meeting (February 22, 1873) designed to* stimulate interest in the Exhibition; the visit of the Executive Committee to Harrisburg * See Appendix 3 to Journal of the third session, pp. 54-107. 8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Abstract of Journal. 4th Session. to enlist the co-operation of the Governor and Legislature (January 28, 1873), which was followed by a State appropriation of $1,000,000 toward the buildings; the passage of sympathetic resolutions by the Legislatures of Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia; the assistance rendered by the newspaper press ; the circular addresses issued to the people of the United States at large, and to representatives of various special interests; the sending of agents to the Vienna International Exhibition of 1873, who should report upon its organization, plans, etc.; the recognition (February 24, 1873) of the Women's Centen- nial Executive Committee; the organization (April 23, 1873) of the Centennial Board of Finance ; and urging the need of a national appropriation of funds adequate to the conduct of the operations of the Centennial Commission ;* The Temporary Secretary (Mr. Lewis Wain Smith), detailing the expenditures on behalf of the Centennial Commission and the organization of the Board of Finance, and the work done for the Commission and by the Citizens' Committees ;| The Women's Centennial Executive Committee, accounting for their receipts of stock subscriptions ; The Committee on Classification, describing the system of notation adopted ; The Committee on Plans and Architecture, stating that a transfer of the Exhibition grounds had been made by the Park Commission; that it had been determined to erect several Exhibition buildings, covering in the aggregate about fifty acres of space; and that specifications for designs (of which a copy was annexed) had been issued to archi- tects ;J Messrs. W. P. Blake and Henry Pettit, special agents to examine and report upon the Vienna International Exhibition of 1873; also from The special joint committee on conference, as to the relative rights and duties of the Centennial Commission and Board of Finance. || The Commission held conferences with the Centennial Board of Finance and Penn- sylvania State Board of Supervisors; also with The Women's Centennial Executive Committee. Resolutions were passed Lamenting the death of William T. Read, Commissioner from Delaware; also of The Hon. James L. Orr, formerly Commissioner from South Carolina, and late Minister of the United States to the Court of St. Petersburg; Thanking the Women's Centennial Committee of Pennsylvania for their labors in behalf of the Exhibition in Philadelphia, and commending their example to the women of other States ; The Centennial Board of Finance and Pennsylvania State Board of Supervisors; Mr. Lewis Wain Smith, for his gratuitous discharge of the duties of Temporaiy Secretary since the organization of the Commission ; Messrs. Bailie Peyton and Henry S. Foote, for their labors in aid of the Exhibition with the Legislatures of Kentucky and Tennessee ; The States of Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Oregon, for their liberal subscriptions to the stock of the Board of Finance ; The newspaper press, for the aid rendered the Commission in its work ; Appointing a committee to lay before the Governors of States about to assemble in convention at Augusta, Ga., the objects of the Commission ; Instructing the Executive Committee to require of persons intending to exhibit an estimate of the space they would require; * The (fourth) report of the Executive Committee is printed in the Appendix to the Journal of the fourth session, pp. 3-36. f See (first) report of the Temporary Secretary, Appendix to Journal of fourth session, pp. 36-40. I For the work of the Committee on Plans and Architecture, see report of the Director-General, p. 29. | See Appendix to Journal of fourth session, p. 50. APPENDIX A. g Authorizing the Executive Committee to deliver to the Board of Finance all stock Abstract of subscription books and papers and records pertaining thereto; Journal. Directing the Committee on Tariff and Transportation to arrange with railway and 4 steamship companies for reduced rates of fare for visitors to the Exhibition, and to aid them in finding boarding and lodging while in Philadelphia; Requesting the Executive Committee to take measures to insure participation in the Exhibition by China, Japan, and other Oriental nations. Amendments were made to the By-Laws. The resolution (May 28, 1872) creating the office of Executive Commissioner was repealed. The Executive Committee was given, by an additional by-law, " authority to elect one of its own members, who shall le known and recognized as 'Director-General,' whose office shall be at the headquarters of the Commission in Philadelphia, and whose duties, powers, and compensation shall be fixed by the said committee." The Executive Committee reported its election of Mr. Alfred T. Goshorn, of Ohio, as Director-General. Mr. John L. Campbell, of Indiana, was elected Secretary of the Commission. [Upon Mr. Campbell's request, Mr. Lewis Wain Smith was desired to continue in control of the office for a few weeks, until Mr. Campbell could arrange to remove to Philadelphia.] FIFTH SESSION. MAY 20-22, 1874. The Commission heard and adopted reports from 5 th Sesaic The Executive Committee, stating that during the year previous it had held monthly sessions ; that the formal transfer of the Exhibition grounds had been made to the Cen- tennial Commission (July 4, 1873) in l ^ e presence of representatives of the National Government, who had thereupon made public the proclamation of the President of the United States commending the Exhibition to all nations; explaining the embarrassments which arose from the Secretary of State's construing the terms of the proclamation and of the Act of Congress as not warranting an invitation to foreign persons in the name of the Government, thus destroying the International feature of the Exhibition, and necessi- tating the introduction in Congress of an Act, then pending, in which the President was " requested to extend, in the name of the United States, a respectful and cordial invitation to the Governments of other nations to be represented and take part in the International Exhibition;" relating that the labors of the Centennial Board of Finance to procure sub- scriptions to its stock had been frustrated by the financial panics prevalent throughout the country since the autumn of 1873, so that the Board found it necessary to advise the Commission (February 14, 1874) that without Congressional aid the Board would not be warranted in making contracts for the erection of buildings ; that the need of govern- mental aid had been set forth in a report to the President (February 23, 1874), who had transmitted the same to Congress with a message strongly recommending an appropriation (February 25, 1874), and that a bill appropriating #3,000,000 had been introduced in the House of Representatives (April 16, 1874), where it was still pending; communicating the reports of Messrs. Blake and Pettit, agents of the Commission, upon the organization of the International Exhibition at Vienna in 1873, also the report of The Director-General, giving an outline of the progress made in organizing the several departments of the Exhibition since assuming the duties of his office (October 14, 1873); the measures taken to interest foreign powers and the people of this country in the Exhibition, and to establish co-operative organizations in all the States and Territories; 10 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Abstract of Journal. 5th Session. mentioning that the President, by Executive order, had appointed a Board representing each of the Executive Departments of the Government, which was charged with the preparation of a collective exhibition on behalf of the Government; transmitting the report of the consulting engineer upon the progress of the plans of the Exhibition build- ings ; and one from the Secretary of the Board of Finance showing the financial status of the Exhibition ;* The Secretary, describing the work done in the office of the Commission from the time of his entering upon his duties (June, 1873^, *he examination of plans submitted for the Exhibition buildings and award of premiums to the successful architects ; the collection of information about International Exhibitions ; the popularizing of the Centennial Cele- bration and Exhibition by means of newspaper articles, circulars, pamphlets, etc. ; official and general correspondence; and enumerating the changes in the membership of the Commission since its previous session ;f The Committee on Classification, recording the previous action of the Commission on the subject; describing in detail the system adopted, and comparing it with other systems.;}; An invitation was accepted to visit the Exhibition of the American Institute in New York, in September, 1874. Resolutions were passed as follows : Adopting a Memorial to Congress, signed by the President, Director-General, and Secretary, setting forth the necessity of immediate governmental aid; Acknowledging the liberal subscriptions in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania ; Acknowledging co-operative action by the California and the National Granges of the Patrons of Husbandry and the Society of California Pioneers; Acknowledging the labors of the Women's Centennial Executive Committee through- out the States and Territories; Thanking Mr. D. M. Boyd, Jr., for favors procured from railroad companies; Accepting proposals to erect memorial statues and fountains, offered by the Catholic Total Abstinence Union, the (Italian) Christopher Columbus Association, and the (Hebrew) Order of B'nai B'rith; Requesting the Governors of States and Territories to appoint Boards of Centennial Managers, in cases where the Legislatures had failed to do so ; Authorizing the Executive Committee to modify the plans for the Main Exhibition Building, and decide, with the Board of Finance, upon their adoption; also to dissolve the Committee on Plans and Architecture. SIXTH SESSION. MAY 19-22, 1875. The Commission heard and adopted reports from The Executive Committee, relating the passage by Congress and approval (June 5, 1874) of the Act requesting the President to formally invite foreign powers to take part in the Exhibition; the submission of a report to the President (January 20, 1875), detailing the preparations for the Exhibition, and setting forth the need of governmental aid to the * The Reports of the Executive Committee and Director-General, with other documents above referred to, are printed in full in the Appendix to the Journal of the fifth session, pp. 1-27. f The Secretary's report is printed in the Appendix to the Journal of the fifth session, pp. 28-30. J See Appendix to Journal of fifth session, pp. 31-47. APPENDIX A. 1 1 amount of $1,500,000, which report was transmitted by the President, with a special Abstractor message, to Congress (January 26, 1875), Dut was not acted upon during the short session *' of that body; mentioning the appropriation of $505,000 by Congress for the use of the Government Board preparing the collective exhibit of the United States Executive De- partments; communicating, in an appended report from the Board of Finance, the financial condition of the Exhibition, and the preparation of the buildings and grounds; naming the changes in the membership of the Executive Committee since the last session of the Commission ; and submitting the report of The Director-General, describing such progress in the construction of the buildings as assured their completion in good season, and giving their areas and contract price; the necessity of the revision and rearrangement of the Classification; the organization of administrative bureaus charged with the duty of managing the several departments of the Exhibition under the supervision of the Director-General ; the adoption of a system of awards to exhibitors; the acceptance by foreign Governments of the invitation to take p.irt in the Exhibition ; the Congressional legislation and regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury providing for the free importation of goods for exhibition ; and the reasons for changing the dates of opening and closing the Exhibition, receiving goods, etc. ;* The Secretary, indicating the general work accomplished during the previous year, the appointment of Centennial State Boards in the various States and Territories ; referring to the death of Commissioners Byrd, of Alabama, and Gantt, of Arkansas; and naming the other changes in the membership of the Commission since its last session.f Invitations were accepted to visit the Loan Exhibition then being held by the Women's Centennial Executive Committee; To visit the club-house of the Union League. Resolutions were passed, lamenting the death of Judge Byrd, Commissioner from Alabama ; The death of Mr. E. W. Gantt, Commissioner from Arkansas; Expressing the sympathy of. the Commission with the people of North Carolina and Tennessee engaged in celebrating the one-hundredth anniversary of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence ;J Directing that the State Boards of Centennial Managers be furnished with all necessaiy documents and information respecting the Exhibition, and requested to act promptly and systematically to insure the creditable representation of each State; Soliciting the co-operation of professional, literary, scientific, religious, benevolent* and other societies, and especially those representing journalists and printers, by holding their anniversary or special meetings in Philadelphia during the term of the Exhibition; Requesting the Executive Committee to assist the Board of Finance in establishing active agencies in every section for the promotion of stock subscriptions; Inviting Mr George H. Corliss, of Rhode Island, to renew the offer previously made at the request of the Executive Committee, to supply steam-power for the Machinery Building; * For reports of the Executive Committee and Director-General, and appended documents, see Journal of the sixth session, pp. 33-67. t For the Secretary's report, see Journal of the sixth session, pp. 29-32. t By direction of the Commission, the following telegram was sent (May 20, 1875): " To our fellow-citizens celebrating the Mecklenburg Declaration at Charlotte, North Carolina. "The United States Centennial Commission, in annual meeting near independence Hall, send most cordial and fraternal greetings, with the warmest wishes for your success and happiness. Pray come up as your fathers did, to meet your brothers and finish the work next year at Philadelphia. " For the Commission, "JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President. "JOHN I, CAMPBELL, Secretary:' 12 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Abstract of Journal. 6th Session. Desiring the Superintendent of Indian Affairs and the General Council of the civil- ized Indian nations in the Indian Territory to provide for a representation of the several tribes in the Exhibition; Adopting a system of awards to exhibitors, based upon the inherent and comparative merit of exhibits ; Commending the progress made in the construction of the Exhibition buildings and preparation of the grounds, insuring their readiness in due season ; Desiring the President of the Commission to devote his whole time to the work of the Exhibition, and, to that end, to take up his residence in Philadelphia; Thanking the Board of Finance and officers of the Commission for their conduct of the business of their several departments; Thanking the Women's Centennial Executive Committee for their furtherance of the interests of the Exhibition throughout the Union ; Thanking the newspaper press of Philadelphia and the country at large for assistance rendered. Officers were elected for the ensuing year,* and Standing Committees appointed. f 7th Session. SEVENTH SESSION. APRIL 26-MAY 16, 1876. The Executive Committee submitted its report, referring to the great amount of labor in detail it had been called upon to deal with in anticipation of the opening of the Ex- hibition, the arrangements for special exhibits, the provision of power for the Machinery Building, the award of space to exhibitors, the erection of special buildings and annexes, the regulation of admissions, provisions for public meetings and the accommodation of the newspaper press, concessions of privileges, arrangement of memorial ceremonies, approval of plans of special buildings, custom-house regulations, etc., of police regulations, of com- mittees in connection with the Art Department and the Bureau of Awards; stating that the admission price to the Exhibition had been fixed at the uniform price of fifty cents; that Mr. George H. Corliss, of Rhode Island, had provided an engine capable of driving the fourteen acres of machinery on exhibition ; that the organization of the Department of Awards had been duly perfected ; that the concessions of privileges on the grounds had been made carefully, and in such manner as to produce considerable revenue; that the Governors of States had been requested to appoint orators to deliver appropriate historical addresses; and acknowledging the aid received from the Centennial Board of Finance and the Women's Centennial Executive Committee.J The Executive Committee also rendered a special report of its action in appointing Judges of Awards, accompanied by names of the Judges and the opinion of the Solicitor of the Commission as to the authority of the Executive Committee to create a Bureau of Awards. \ The President of the Commission furnished a copy of the schedule of the ceremonies to be observed at the opening of the Exhibition, which had been submitted to the President of the United States. || The Director-General's report was presented, showing the preparations which had gone on during the last year, the participation by the States and foreign Governments, and the * For list of officers for 1875-6, see Journal of sixth session, pp. 12-13. f For Standing Committees, see pp. 23-24. J The report of the Executive Committee and accompanying documents were separately published to accompany the Journal of the seventh session, g See report last referred to, pp. 10-24. !) See report last referred to, pp. 25-27. APPENDIX A. I3 organization and work of the several Bureaus of Administration. It was accompanied by Abstractor reports from Committees of the Board of Finance, detailing the arrangements of the Ex- J ourna hibition grounds, buildings, water supply, system of admissions; the receipts from various sources and expenditures by the Board; and the measures which had been taken for the selection and organization of the Judges of Awards, and the definition of their duties.* Numerously signed petitions having been presented protesting against the sale of in- toxicating liquors within the Exhibition grounds, also petitions for and against the opening of the Exhibition on Sunday, committees were appointed to consider both subjects. The Committee upon the sale of intoxicating liquor rendered a majority and a minority report. The majority report stated that, irrespective of the personal views of its signers as to the sale of intoxicating liquors, they found the terms of the contracts already executed to be such that they were not prepared to advise any change in the course hitherto taken by the Executive Committee.f The minority report argued at length that, on both legal and moral grounds, the contracts should be canceled and the sale prohibited. The legal questions thus raised were referred to the Solicitor, whose opinion was to the effect that, the contractors having invested large amounts of money on the faith of their agreements, it was doubtful whether the Commission could lawfully revoke them, while such revocation would render it liable for damages. The question was ultimately disposed of by a vote that it be indefinitely postponed. J The Committee upon the opening of the Exhibition on Sundays presented a majority and a minority report. The majority report represented that the practice of previous In- ternational Exhibitions in this respect had been determined by the customs of the country in which they were held, the London Exhibitions of 1851 and 1862 having been closed on Sundays, those of Paris, in 1857 and 1867, and of Vienna in 1873 kept open, though in the Paris and Vienna Exhibitions the English and American exhibitors excluded their departments from view; and it was recommended that the traditional practice of the country be adhered to by closing the Exhibition on Sunday. The minority report urged that many thousands of persons whose avocations would not permit them to visit the Ex- hibition on week-days would gladly do so on Sundays, bringing their families; that the receipts for the twenty-four Sundays during the period of the Exhibition ought not to be disregarded in the interest of the stockholders; and that, as the Commission represented the whole people and not peculiar classes or sects, it had no right to exclude them from deference to views not their own. The question was decided by a vote (twenty-seven to nine) that the Exhibition should be closed on Sundays. \ Committees were appointed to audit the traveling expenses of Commissioners; To examine the facilities for the accommodation of visitors to the Exhibition in respect to board, lodging, etc. Resolutions were passed in memory of Dr. Henry F. Askew, Commissioner from Delaware, deceased ; Appointing a committee to consider the presentation of a plan for the adoption of a general system of coinage and uniform monetary unit throughout the world ; Urging a reduction of railroad fares to and from the Exhibition. The names were announced of gentlemen appointed by the Governors of the States and Territories to deliver historical addresses. A letter was presented from the Secretary of the Department of the Interior, covering one from the Indian Commissioner, declining to participate in the Exhibition, as requested at the previous session of the Commission. * See report last referred to, pp. 28-71. t The contracts alluded to were made with restaurateurs and others, as concession!, and implied the ale of wine, beer, spirits, etc. J See Journal of seventh session, pp. 5, 17, 18, 20, 41, 51, 56. \ See Journal of seventh session, pp. 5, 23, 24, 27, 28, 34. Abstract of Journal. 8th Session. I4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. EIGHTH SESSION.* MAY ly-NovEMBER 14, 1876. During the first part of this session the Commission heard and adopted reports from The Executive Committee, reciting the culmination of the labors of the Commission and the Board of Finance in the successful opening of the Exhibition at the appointed time, to the general satisfaction of the public; that the regulations adopted for its govern- ment had been severely tested by dense crowds of visitors, and had proved adequate in the main, but would be modified where experience showed the necessity; also a subsequent report from the Executive Committee, stating that, upon the annual election, it had or- ganized by re-electing its old officers, and had devoted its considerations chiefly to matters connected with the distribution of Awards ; that petitions, memorials, and resolutions had been received from all parts of the country urging and objecting to the closing of the Exhibition on Sunday; that memorial ceremonies had been arranged for the Fourth of July; and that the Exhibition was going on in a satisfactory manner; ^ The Secretary, giving the alterations in the membership of the Commission, also its present membership and that of the Board of Finance and International Board of Judges; The Committee on Special Commissioners and State Boards, declaring there existed no legal provision for the appointment of such special commissioners, yet that the Centennial Commission would afford them all proper facilities; and that all the States and Territories had State Boards of Centennial Managers with an aggregate membership of 359 ; The Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, explaining that, while the railroads running into Philadelphia had so increased their capacity as to provide for the large pas- senger travel, yet the roads throughout the country had failed to make the reduction in the price of excursion tickets which the people had expected, and thus deterred them from visiting the Exhibition; and urging all interested in securing a large attendance to use their personal influence to bring about a further reduction of fares. Resolutions were passed Lamenting the death of Mr. Edmund R. Bagwell, Alternate Commissioner for Vir- ginia ; Thanking Messrs. William M. Evarts, Bayard Taylor, Oliver Wendell Holmes, John G. Whittier, Sidney Lanier, and Richard Henry Lee, also the Emperor of Brazil, for the parts they had taken in the ceremonies at the opening of the Exhibition ; Thanking Mr. George H. Corliss, of Rhode Island, for his energy, ability, and public spirit, in providing the grand engine used to drive fourteen acres of machinery in Ma- chinery Hall ; Recommending to the Board of Finance the admission of children to the Exhibition at a reduced rate, also that each Saturday should be made a family day with an admission rate of twenty-five cents ; Instructing the Standing Committee on Finance and Accounts to audit the accounts of the Board of Finance, as required by the Act of Congress; Declaring, in answer to the various petitions in regard to Sunday opening, " That the United States Centennial Commission have heard with great respect the statements that have been made to it on the part of those who desire the opening of the grounds and * This session consisted practically of two parts. The Commission assembled on May 17 and held four meetings, adjourning until July i, when five more meetings were had, lasting until July 8. A recess was then taken until September 6, from which time the Commission remained in continuous session until Novem- ber 14, holding fifty-one meetings. The business transacted during the meetings preceding the recess had reference mainly to various preparations for the Exhibition, and is above detailed before describing that of the latter part of the session. This had chiefly to do with matters pertaining to the current administration of the Exhibition, and particularly with a vast amount of detail connected with the work of the Judges and the distribution of Awards. The business done in regard to the Awards is sufficiently explained in. the report of the appropriate Bureau, and is not dwelt upon in this place. APPENDIX A. 15 buildings of the Exhibition under their charge on Sunday, and fully appreciate the sincerity Abstract of and earnestness with which they have been pressed upon the Commission ; nor have they been unmindful of the memorials to the same effect, that are now upon the table. Never- theless, the Commission are of opinion that their action heretofore in this connection, on the strength of which they do not doubt that many have been induced to contribute their means and the products of their skill and industry to make the Exhibition what it is, ought to be regarded as a pledge to the public, which, in good faith, they are bound to keep; and so believing, the Commission most respectfully decline to make any change in the rule that closes the grounds and buildings upon Sunday." Officers were elected and Standing Committees appointed to serve during the ensuing year.* During the second part of the eighth session (September 6-November 14) The Executive Committee submitted reports, forwarding for approval the recommen- dations of the Judges for Awards, and explaining that, as the exhibitors and especially the Foreign Commissioners were impatient for their announcement, it was desirable to act upon them as speedily as possible ; also, submitting a design for a medal, which was adopted. Committees were appointed to consider various subjects connected with the allotment of Awards, and to arrange for the ceremony of their announcement, at Judges' Hall, September 27 ; To arrange for the final reports of the Commission to Congress, as required by the Act of Congress, approved June I, 1872;-}- To provide for the closing ceremonies of the Exhibition, on November 10. Invitations were accepted to visit the Kansas State Building on the occasion of its rearrangement and reopening (October 14) ; To attend the reception of Governor Hartranft and the ceremonies of " Pennsylvania Day" (September 27); To attend a dress parade of the Cadets of the Virginia Military Academy (October 7). Resolutions were passed Authorizing the presentation of the Commission's medals to the victors in a tourna- ment to be held within the Exhibition grounds; Requesting the Commissioners of States whose Governors had made no appointment of orators upon the history and resources of the States, to themselves make such appoint- ments or prepare such addresses; also directing the publication of such addresses in a volume; Announcing, in response to requests that the Exhibition should be continued beyond November 10, that the originally announced date must be adhered to, that exhibitors might commence the removal of their goods on November II, but that persons might continue to enter the grounds on payment of the ordinary admission fee as long thereafter as should prove desirable. The Commission received from the Maryland Historical Society a copy of the "Journal of Charles Carroll of Carrollton during his visit to Canada, in 1776, as one of the Com- missioners from Congress, with a Memoir and Notes by Brantz Mayer." The Commission, at the request of Mrs. Lavinia^Kinley, donor of a memorial cup in honor of the memory of the dead of both armies in the civil war, joined representative officers of either army in drinking from the cup, and of water from the well near Independ- ence Hall, " to the hope that a hundred years from now North and South will stand together as they did in 1776."^ * The list of officers and Committees is printed in full in the report of the Secretary, pp. 7-9. f See section 13 of the Act, Appendix C, page 109. J Full details of this incident, and the correspondence and addresses on the occasion, are printed in the Journal of the eighth session, pp. 170-172. 1 6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. APPENDIX B. CIRCULARS, ANNOUNCEMENTS, REGULATIONS, ETC., OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. NOTE. The official documents here printed include only those having permanent value as illustrating the organization of the Exhibition. Circulars referring to the individ- ual Bureaus of Administration are printed as appendices to the reports of the several Chiefs of Bureaus. [No. i.] offic,ai UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, fs ^ 5 ' INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876, PHILADELPHIA. ROOMS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PHILADELPHIA, April 2, 1872. Hon.... Commissioner of the State of..... DEAR SIR, The Executive Committee of the Centennial Commission have just closed a session of a week's duration, and the abilities of its members were taxed to their utmost capacity to solve the grave and important problems met at the very threshold of the great enterprise committed to the care of the Commission. The Chairman of the Committee on Plans and Architecture submitted, on the first day of the session, a report of the progress made in that direction since the adjournment of the Commission, but the Executive Committee and other members of the Commission, within communicating distance, have decided unanimously that we are without power to take a single step involving the expenditure of money without further Congressional legislation. The organic Act of March 3, 1871, gives the Centennial Commission exclusive control over the Exhibition and Celebration, which it declares shall be held in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876, to commemorate the birth of the Nation. To do this work aright will involve great labor and vast expenditures of money, but the Act of Congress fails to establish or authorize any agency by which the work can be done or the means provided therefor. On the contrary, it is enacted that " the United States shall not be at any expense attending 'such Exhibition." However, had money been fur- nished by Congress, it is extremely doubtful whether we could have used it without further legislation. As the Centennial Commission has no corporate existence, it could not, without great difficulty, enforce its contracts, and is powerless to protect its members from individual liability for any debts made by any one acting under its sanction. Therefore, after thought- ful study of the situation and full and careful consultation, not only with each other but with members of the Commission within reach, and many citizens distinguished for intelligence, business capacity, and for the deep interest they manifest in the success of this great national APPENDIX B. ij undertaking, the Committee have unanimously agreed upon a bill to be submitted to Con- Official gress for its immediate action, a copy of which is herewith inclosed for your examination. Forms You will observe that the central idea of this bill is to create a corporation which will raise the needed money and, at the same time, thoroughly nationalize the enterprise. Its provisions are such that the United States Commissioners can control the corporation by holding the power to approve all rules and regulations it may adopt which will affect the rights, privileges, or interests of exhibitors or the public before they shall be operative, to approve or disapprove of plans of buildings and grounds, and to nominate a fixed number of Stockholders from whom the Board of Directors shall be chosen. The allotment of the stock to the several States and Territories in the ratio of their population contributes towards nationalizing the enterprise, and its success is in a great measure more fully assured by the cordial and vigorous co-operation promised to our plans by those locally interested. It is deemed unnecessary to more fully explain the reasons which have prompted our action, for we feel convinced they will be as apparent and as conclusive to you as they have been to us. Please name one or more persons whom you desire to have among the corporators in the Act. Persons of unquestioned integrity and distinguished rather for success in the manage- ment of large business transactions than for political prominence, are deemed most fitting for the place. No time is to be lost if the bill is to be enacted into law during the present session of Congress, which is deemed very important to the success of the enterprise. Trusting our action will meet your hearty approval, and that you will use your best endeavors with your Congressional Delegation to secure the passage of the bill, I remain, truly yours, D. J. MORRELL, Chairman. [No. 4.] CIRCULAR LETTER TO CORPORATORS. PHILADELPHIA, August, 1872. SIR, The following is a copy of a portion of the preamble of an Act of Congress relative to the Centennial International Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1876, approved June I, 1872 : Whereas, Congress did provide by an Act entitled " An Act to provide for the celebra- ting the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an Interna- tional Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine in the City of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the appointment of Com- missioners to promote and control the Exhibition of the national resources and their de- velopment, and the nation's progress in arts which benefit mankind, and to suggest and direct appropriate ceremonies by which the people of the United States may commemorate that memorable and decisive event, the Declaration of American Independence by the Congress of the United Colonies, assembled in the City of Philadelphia, on the fourth day of July, Anno Domini seventeen hundred and seventy-six ; and, whereas, such pro- visions should be made for procuring the funds requisite for the purposes aforesaid as will enable all the people of the United States, who have shared the common blessings result- ing from national independence, to aid in the preparation and conduct of said International Exhibition and memorial celebration under the direction of the Commissioners of the United States ; therefore, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America !8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official in Congress assembled, That there is hereby created a body corporate, to be known by th orms, name of the Centennial Board of Finance, and by that name to have an incorporate exist- ence until the object for which it is formed shall have been accomplished; and it shall be competent to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, defend and be defended, in all courts of law and equity in the United States, and may make and have a corporate seal, and may purchase, take, have, and hold, and may grant, sell, and at pleasure dispose of all such real and personal estate as may be required in carrying into effect the provisions of an Act of Congress entitled " An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anni- versary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine in the City of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved March 3, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and all Acts supplementary thereto ; and said Centennial Boarcl of Finance shall consist of the following-named persons, their associates and successors, from the States and Territories as herein set forth. You are named in this Act as one of the corporators for your State. Please inform the Commission of your post-office address, in order that a copy of the Act may be forwarded to you, with other information concerning the progress of prepara- tions for celebrating the Centennial Anniversary. The Commission will be happy to hear from you, and to receive such suggestions re- lating to the Celebration as you may be disposed to offer. I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, WILLIAM PHIPPS BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. [No. 5.] RULES PROVIDING FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. [This form was superseded by Nos. 25 and 31. See the latter.] [No. 6.] CIRCULAR LETTER TO CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA, September, 1872. United States Centennial Commissioner. SIR, I am directed by the Executive Committee of the Commission to inform you that the twenty-first day of November next (Thursday) has been designated as the time for opening the Books of Subscription to the Stock of the Centennial Board of Finance. The rules governing the subscription, a copy of which is herewith inclosed,* have been adopted. By referring to Rule 4 you will see that it is made the duty, in each State and Territory, of the Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner, or either of them in the absence of the other, to call a meeting for the purpose of designating one or more national or other banks, or one or more bankers, as agents for securing subscriptions. This impor- tant duty, imposed upon you by the Commission, will no doubt receive your prompt at- tention. The Executive Committee suggest that the meeting should be held not later * The inclosure was No. 5, which was superseded by Nos. 25 and 31. See the latter. APPENDIX B. I9 than November IO, next. The time is left to your discretion, but you will perceive it is Official necessary that the Commission should be informed of the name and address of the agents * selected in season to permit of the Subscription Books being forwarded to them before the time arrives for opening the books. No definite and decisive instructions in regard to the compensation of agents can be given at this time. One or two bankers who have been consulted have expressed their willingness to act without the usual commission. Agents are not expected, in this case, to bear the expense of advertising or printing. In addition to the patriotic motives, they will have the advantages resulting from their designation as the accredited agents of the Com- mission, and of the deposit of the money received from subscribers until it is drawn by the Centennial Board of Finance. According to the provision contained in Rule 5, blank notices to the Corporators have been printed. A sufficient number, placed in unsealed envelopes and addressed, will be forwarded to each Commissioner, or in his absence, to the Alternate Commissioner. Please acknowledge the receipt of this communication. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, (Signed) WM. PHIPPS BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. [No. 7.] CIRCULAR LETTER TO CORPORATORS OF BOARD OF FINANCE. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, PHILADELPHIA. Corporator of the Centennial Board of Finance, SIR, The United States Centennial Commission has named the 2 1st day of November, 1872, as the time for opening the books of subscription to the Stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, and has instructed me to call a meeting of the Corporators for this State before that time, for the purpose of consulting together and of designating the proper place or places at which the subscriptions shall be received. This is in accordance with the Rules adopted by the Commission pursuant to Section 3 of the Act of Incorporation, a copy of which has already been forwarded to you from the office of the Commission. This meeting will be held at on the day of. next, and you are respect- fully requested to be present. The importance of the duty thus imposed upon the Corpor- ators and the Commissioners of this State will, I hope, secure your attendance. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, United States Centennial Commissioner for the State of.. The following is a copy of Rule 4 : RULE 4. The agents of the Commission for securing subscriptions to the stock in each State or Territory shall be appointed in the following manner: The Centennial Commissioner and the Alternate Commissioner from each State or Ter- ritory, or either of them, in the absence of the other, together with such Corporators for 20 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official such State and Territory as may attend a meeting to be called by the Commissioner or Al- Forms, ternate for the purpose, shall designate one or more national or other banks, or one or more bankers in good standing, to receive subscriptions and the amounts paid thereon, and to issue said Subscription Certificates. The money so received shall be held by such banks or bankers subject to the order of The Centennial Board of Finance, when organized, and until such organization, to the order of the Commissioner or Alternate Commissioner and at least two of the said Corporators for the State or Territory in which the fund is de- posited. [No. 8.] SUBSCRIPTION TO STOCK OF THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. Incorporated by an Act of Congress, approved June I, 1872, and authorized to issue stock to an amount not exceeding ten millions of dollars, in shares of ten dollars each. To Agent for receiving subscriptions to stock at... SIR, I hereby subscribe for and agree to take_ shares of the capital stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, subject to the rules of sub- scription and payment adopted by the United States Centennial Commission, which are hereby agreed to and made a part of this contract. Respectfully yours. EXTRACTS FROM THE RULES ABOVE REFERRED TO. RULE 8. Applications for stock may be made in person to the agent, or by mail. Upon the receipt of any such application by mail, accompanied by the required payment, the authorized agent shall transmit to the applicant a subscription certificate, as provided by Rule I, and shall fill up the marginal blank accordingly, and the application shall be cor- respondingly numbered and placed on file. For the purpose of facilitating subscriptions for the stock, blank forms of application [as above] will be printed for distribution. RULE I. * * * Payments on this stock are to be made as follows : Twenty per cent, on subscription; twenty per cent, on or before the first Monday of May, 1873; twenty per cent, on or before the first Monday of July, 1873; twenty per cent, on or before the first Monday of September, 1873; twenty per cent, on or before the first Monday of November, 1873. Unless each installment be paid when due, it is hereby agreed that the said stock and all payments thereon shall, at the option of said Corporation, be forfeited without notice or proceedings, either at law or in equity, for that purpose. APPENDIX B. 21 [No. 10.] Official ADDRESS TO AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATIONS. Form *' 1872. OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA, October, 1872. The Anniversary of the Independence of the United States in the year 1876 is to he celebrated by an exhibition of the products, arts, and industries of the country, and of the world. This is in accordance with an Act of Congress approved March 3, 1871. By this Act the task of preparing and superintending the Exhibition was imposed upon the United States Centennial Commission, consisting of two members from each of the States and Ter- ritories. The Commissioners have twice met in general session, a permanent organization has been effected, and the chief outlines of the plan for the Exhibition have been agreed upon. This Exhibition is to be international and universal, international inasmuch as all na- tions will be invited to participate in it; and universal, because it will include a representa- tion of all natural and artificial products, all arts, industries, and manufactures, and all the varied results of human skill, thought, and imagination. The outlines of a simple yet comprehensive classification have been adopted. There will be ten departments, each subdivided into ten groups, and these again into classes.* The details of this classification are now being elaborated, and will be published in due season, together with such rules and regulations as may be found necessary for the proper conduct and management of the Exhibition. It is intended that ample space shall be assigned to each State, Territory, and foreign country, for a just and proper display of their products. It is believed that not less than fifty square acres of floor space, under roof, will be required for this purpose. A site com- bining the advantages of a sufficient extent of level ground, with picturesque and cultivated surroundings, easy of access by rail, water, and by ordinary roads, has been assigned for the buildings and grounds at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia. The Exhibition will open in April, and close in October.-)- Each State of the Union will be expected to send its peculiar products, illustrating its resources, both developed and undeveloped. A complete exhibition of this kind by all the States will afford the means of comparing their industrial condition and capabilities. The products of mining and of agriculture will occupy a large portion of the space allotted to each State, and will receive their just share of attention in this universal display. An undertaking so patriotic in its conception, so vast in its proportions, and so useful in its results commends itself to the hearty sympathy and support of an intelligent people. Patriotism, as well as an appreciation of the industrial, educational, and moral influences of well-organized exhibitions, should impel all citizens to lend a helping hand. It is the duty of the Commission to prepare the way and open the doors, but the people, in their sovereign right and strength, must make the Exhibition. By their aid alone can it be made a just and comprehensive display of the industrial, intellectual, and moral development of the Nation during the first century of its existence. The Commission not only relies with confidence upon the aid of the people in general, but it hopes to receive the co-operation of the many State societies and organizations which for so many years have aided in directing and realizing the popular demand for agricul- tural and industrial exhibitions. The desire to secure, at an early date, your efficient co- * There were ultimately seven departments instead of ten. See Form No. 104, page 60. f The Exhibition opened on May 10, and closed November 10. 22 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official operation, has led to this communication, which is made at the request of the Executive Forms, Committee of the Commission. 1872. Permit me, in closing, to suggest that the facts herein stated might, with great advantage to the Exhibition, be communicated as publicly as possible to your members and exhibitors, and that, if agreeable, they should be incorporated in your printed reports. A com- mittee of your members might be appointed to consider and suggest such measures as may appear most desirable to promote the success of the object for which the Centennial Com- mission is appointed. A general plan for the organization of Co-operative Centennial Associations in the several States and Territories is now under consideration, and when perfected will be published for distribution. Please acknowledge the reception of this communication. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, (Signed) WM. PHIPPS BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. [No. ii.] CIRCULAR LETTER TO EDITORS. November, 1872. To THE EDITOR OF. '. ; DEAR SIR, By direction of the United States Centennial Commission, I have the honor to inclose you a copy of a short address to the people of the United States, prepared by a Committee for general publication. I would earnestly request that you make place for it in your columns. It is exceedingly important that the people of our State be made familiar with the objects of the Commission, and I know of no better way than through the public press. I also enclose you a more extended address, giving a history of the Commission, and would ask that at your convenience you make the enterprise the subject of favorable editorial comment. Very respectfully yours, U. S. Commissioner for _.. N.B. Should you comply with the above request, please mail a copy of your paper containing the address to the Secretary, at Philadelphia, for filing. [No. 12.] ADDRESS BY THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. To THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES: The Congress of the United States has enacted that the completion of the One Hun- dredth Year of American Independence shall be celebrated by an International Exhibition of the Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to be held at Philadelphia, in 1876, and has appointed a Commission, consisting of representatives from each State and Territory, to conduct the celebration. Originating under the auspices of the National Legislature, controlled by a National Commission, and designed as it is to " Commemorate the first Century of our existence, by an Exhibition of the Natural resources of the Country and their development, and of our progress in those Arts which benefit mankind, in comparison with those of older Nations," it is to the people at large that the Commission look for the aid which is necessary to make the Centennial Celebration the grandest anniversary the world has ever seen. That the completion of the first century of our existence should be marked by some imposing demonstration is, we believe, the patriotic wish of the people of the whole coun- try. The Congress of the United States has wisely decided that the Birthday of the Great APPENDIX B. 23 Republic can be most fittingly celebrated by the universal collection and display of all the Official trophies of its progress. It is designed to bring together, within a building covering fifty Forms acres, not only the varied productions of our mines and of the soil, but types of all the intellectual triumphs of our citizens, specimens of everything that America can furnish, whether from the brains or the hands of her children, and thus make evident to the world the advancement of which a self-governed people is capable. In this "Celebration" all nations wifl be invited to participate; its character being International. Europe will display her arts and manufactures, India her curious fabrics, while newly-opened China and Japan will lay bare the treasures which for centuries their ingenious people have been perfecting. Each land will compete in generous rivalry for the palm of superior excellence. To this grand gathering every zone will contribute its fruits and cereals. No mineral shall be wanting; for what the East lacks the West will supply. Under one roof the South will display in rich luxuriance her growing cotton, and the North in miniature, the ceaseless machinery of her mills converting that cotton into cloth. Each section of the globe will send its best offerings to this Exhibition, and each State of the Union, as a member of one united body politic, will show to her sister States and to the world how much she can add to the greatness of the nation of which she is a harmonious part. To make the Centennial Celebration such a success as the patriotism and the pride of every American demands will require the co-operation of the people of the whole country. The United States Centennial Commission has received no Government aid, such as Eng- land extended to her World's Fair and France to her Universal Exposition, yet the labor and responsibility imposed upon the Commission is as great as in either of those undertak- ings. It is estimated that ten millions of dollars will be required, and this sum Congress has provided shall be raised by stock subscription, and that the people shall have the opportunity of subscribing in proportion to the population of their respective States and Territories. The Commission looks to the unfailing patriotism of the people of every section, to see that each contributes its share to the expenses, and receives its share of the benefits of an enterprise in which all are so deeply interested. It would further earnestly urge the forma- tion in each State and Territory of a Centennial organization, which shall in time see that county associations are formed, so that when the nations are gathered together in 1876, each Commonwealth can view with pride the contributions she has made to the national glory. Confidently relying on the zeal and patriotism ever displayed by our people in every national undertaking, we pledge and prophesy that the Centennial Celebration will worthily show how greatness, wealth, and intelligence can be fostered by such institutions as those which have for one hundred years blessed the people of the United States. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY President. LEWIS WALN SMITH, Temporary Secretary. [No. 16.] CIRCULAR LETTER TO CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., October 30, 1872. SIR, I have this day forwarded to you by mail a package containing a circular letter directed to the Editor of each newspaper in your State, and accompanied by two addresses to the people of the United States, prepared by the Committee on Address and published by the Executive Committee. It is believed that a more general insertion in the news- papers can be secured if the request should come from each Commissioner to the Press of his own State. Will you, therefore, be good enough to sign the circulars and attend to their mailing? 24 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official In order to insure universal publication, it is absolutely necessary that the address be Forms, furnished to all the papers on the same day, so that they may appear simultaneously in all parts of the country. You will, therefore, hold the circulars and addresses until Tuesday, the 1 2th day of November, and mail all of them to the various Editors on that day. Please acknowledge the receipt of the addresses. With great respect, your obedient servant, (Signed) LEWIS WALN SMITH, Temporary Secretary. To the Hon Commissioner from [No. 19.] CIRCULAR LETTER TO GOVERNORS. OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. SIR, Your Excellency is well aware that Congress has provided by law for holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia and the State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. The United States Centennial Commission, appointed in accordance with said law, at its session held in Philadelphia, on the twenty-eighth day of May, 1872, passed the follow- ing resolution : Resolved, That a Special Committee of five be appointed, with instructions to call the attention of the Legislatures of the several States and Territories to the work of the Com- mission, and to invite their co-operation therein. In compliance with the above resolution the undersigned Committee request that you will lay this subject before your Legislature, and ask it to adopt, from time to time, such legislation as shall seem best fitted to carry out the objects of the Commission, and to appoint a capable body with such powers, and possessing such influence within your State or Territory as will tend to develop local interest and induce co-operation in the work of the Commission. Hoping that tliese suggestions will be received with favor, we would respectfully ask that all action in the premises shall be promptly communicated to the Secretary of the Commission. SAMUEL POWEL, Chairman, Rhode Island. JAS. L. COOPER, Alabama. JOHN WASSON, Arizona. OSCAR G. SAWYER, Utah. GEORGE A. CRAWFORD, Kansas. The foregoing Report of the Special Committee was adopted by the Commission at its last meeting, and it was made the duty of the Executive Committee to transmit it to your Excellency. In discharging this duty, permit us to add that the subject of State and Territorial organization is regarded as of extreme importance to the efficiency and suc- cess of the Centennial Celebration and Exhibition. It has already received considerable thought and attention by the Commission, and in some of the States it has been proposed to form Auxiliary Centennial Associations in the Congressional districts. It is probable APPENDIX B. 25 that at the next meeting of the Commission, in December, a comprehensive and uniform Official plan for State and Territorial organization will be adopted and submitted for your favorable Forms > 1872. consideration. We transmit for your acceptance and information a copy of the Acts of Congress, a list of the Officers and Members of the Commission, its Journal, and other publications. The circular letter (Form No. 10) has been distributed to the many Agricultural and Mechanical Associations throughout the United States, in order to direct their attention to the work of the Commission, and to secure their co-operation. It is not necessary to explain to your Excellency the significance and importance of the proposed celebration. Your prompt and earnest aid in carrying out the provisions of the Acts of Congress relating thereto is confidently invoked. A reference to the subject in your annual message to the Legislature would greatly assist this national effort to fittingly celebrate the Centennial Anniversary of the Independence of the United States. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, DANIEL J. MORRELL, PHILADELPHIA, November, 1872. Chairman of the Executive Committee. [No. 20.] CIRCULAR LETTER TO AGENTS. PHILADELPHIA, November, 1872. To SIR, At the meeting of the corporators for the State of Pennsylvania of the Centennial Board of Finance, all the national incorporated and savings banks of the State, together with such private banks as may be designated by the corporators, were appointed and requested to act as agents of the United States Centennial Commission for securing and receiving subscriptions to the stock of the Centennial Board of Finance. Presuming that, in behalf of the Bank you represent, you will accept this patriotic duty, the necessary blank subscription certificates, together with printed rules, instructions, a copy of the Acts of Congress and of the proceedings of the meeting of the corporators, are herewith forwarded to you. Please take notice that the books of subscription are to be opened on the 2ist day of November next, and that they are to remain open for the reception of subscriptions during a period of one hundred days. A blank form of acknowledgment or receipt is inclosed ; please sign and return it to this office. By order of the Executive Committee of the Commission. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM P. BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission. Daniel J. Morrell, Pennsylvania. John V. L. Pruyn, New York. W. Prescott Smith (dec'd), Maryland. John Lynch, Louisiana. George H. Corliss, Rhode Island. j John G. Stevens, New Jersey. Walter W. Wood, Virginia. J 26 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Offidal APPOINTMENT OF AGENTS. Forms, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA, November, 1872. To ..... SIR, At the meeting of the corporators for your State of the Centennial Board of Finance, the bank you represent was designated as one of the agents of the United States Centennial Commission for securing subscriptions to the stock of the Centennial Board of Finance. Presuming that you will accept this patriotic duty, the necessary blank subscription certificates, together with printed rules and instructions and a copy of the Acts of Congress, are herewith forwarded to you. Please take notice that the books of subscription are to be opened on the twenty-first day of November next, and that they are to remain open for the reception of subscriptions during a period of one hundred days. A blank form of acknowledgment or receipt is inclosed ; please sign and return it to this office. By order of the Executive Committee of the Commission. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. P. BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. [No. 24.] AN ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA FROM THE CORPORATORS, FOR PENNSYLVANIA, OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. As citizens of the State in which the nation has ordained that the Centennial Exhibition commemorative of our independence is to be held, the opportunity is now presented to you to take your share in the responsibility resting upon the people of the United States to see that the Exhibition shall be commensurate with the events it is to celebrate and the progress it is to exemplify. Since the "World's Fair," held at London in 1851, international exhibitions have been recognized as uniting the most potential and far-reaching agencies for promoting the prog- ress and the material interests of mankind ever devised, and they are always especially beneficial to the country in which they are held. The late Wm. H. Seward, when Secre- tary of State, said of them, in communicating to Congress the United States Reports on the Paris Exposition of 1867 : " Their beneficent influences are many and widespread ; they advance human knowl- edge in all directions. Through the universal language of the products of labor the artisans of all countries hold communication; ancient prejudices are broken down; nations are fraternized ; generous rivalries in the peaceful fields of industry are excited ; the tendencies to war are lessened, and a better understanding between capital and labor is fostered. . . . One of their most salutary results is the promotion of an appreciation of the true dignity of labor and its paramount claims to consideration as the basis of national wealth and power. Such exhibitions have become national necessities and duties." Great Britain, France, and other leading powers have instructed and entertained the world with such exhibitions; Austria is rapidly completing one which will open in 1873, APPENDIX B. and it is eminently appropriate that America should assert her place in this respect, as she Official has in others, among the powers most actively contributing to the advancement of mankind. Forms At a meeting of this body held in the City of Philadelphia on the yth instant, the fol- lowing resolution was adopted : " Resolved, That all national banks, and other incorporated banking or savings institu- tions in the State, are hereby requested and authorized to act as agents to receive subscrip- tions to the stock, and that in counties where no incorporated banks or savings institutions exist the corporators representing such counties shall designate private banks or bankers to act as agents for such purpose, and each corporator may designate to the Executive Com- missioner such private banks in his district as he may deem advisable. All agents appointed shall receive subscriptions in accordance with the rules adopted by the United States Cen- tennial Commission." It is confidently hoped and believed that all agents so appointed will cheerfully accept the patriotic duty for which they have been selected, and in this way aid the important work. In compliance with the resolution, those agents will be promptly supplied with subscription-books in which the people may subscribe for stock. We are now called upon to take our quota of the stock, which has been apportioned according to the Act of Congress of June I, 1872, on the basis of population, and amounts to 91,341 shares, at ten dollars per share, calling for $913,410, the population of the State being 3,521,951. It is provided by the Act of Congress that, at the close of the Exhibition, all the property is to be converted into cash, and after payment of liabilities, the net assets are to be divided among the stockholders. No flattering promises, however, are made of great prospective profits from the investment in this stock. The promptings of patriotism, and a no less ele- vated motive, should actuate us. Money is the first and immediate requisite for the successful prosecution of the vast labors of the Centennial Commission ; and it must be secured within the proper time, for the Exhibition is to be international, and it is to represent the universal range of human industry and art, and all natural products, as well as all the varied results of human skill, thought, and imagination. Let us, therefore, arise to the work as one body, with such an organized movement as will inspire a generous emulation and secure the entire subscription for our quota of stock in the shortest possible time. The eyes of the world are upon this, the chosen State, whjch, above all, should be true to its heritage of that holy temple of freedom, Independence Hall, the sacred spot from which emanated that sublime Declaration, the corner-stone of our nationality and progress, the palladium of our liberties and our rights. 1 ANIEL M. FOX, Chairman. EDWIN H. FITLER, WILLIAM M. LYON, i. R. RUNDLE SMITH, ROBERT NEBINGER. 2. JOSEPH F. TOBIAS, CHARLES J. STILLE. 3. J. L. SHOEMAKER, HENRY D. WELSH. 4. MATTHEW BAIRD, WILLIAM SELLERS. AT LARGE. WILLIAM COLDER, JON'N R. LOWRIE, DISTRICTS. 5. L. P. THOMPSON, H. T. DARLINGTON. 6. JOHN TRACY, GEORGE H. RUPP. 7. S. B. WORTH, JAMES M. WILCOX. 8. ISAAC ECKERT, HENRY BUSHONG. I R. J. Y. JONES, JOHN H. MICHENER. 9. JAMES MEYERS, GEORGE M. STEINMAN. 10. BENT. HANNAN, G. DAWSON COLEMAN. ii. S. S. DREHER, E. J. Fox. 12. D. W. HOLLENBACK, J. C. McCOLLOM. 28 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official Forms, 1872. 13. M. C. MERCUR, THOMAS BEAVER. 14. WM. CAMERON, HENRY MCCORMICK. 15. C. J. T. MdNTIRE, JOHN GIBSON. 16. HENRY J. STAHI.E, SAMUEL PHILSON. 17. D. MCMURTRIE, DAVID WATSON. 18. M. F. ELLIOTT, H. C. PARSONS. 19. WM. L. SCOTT, JOHN PATTON. 20. JAMES PIERCE, JOSEPH H. MARSTON. 21. H. P. LAIRD, SILAS M. CLARK. 22. ALEX. BRADLEY, C. W. BATCHELOR. 23. JAMES M. COOPER, J. N. PURVIANCE. 24. GEORGE C. REIS, W. t. H. PAULEY. FOR TWO ADDITIONAL DISTRICTS. JOHN W. FORNEY, | CHARLES M. HALL, ALFRED HINDEKOOPER, and the Chairman. Attest, BENJ. H. HAINES, MYER ASCH, Secretaries. [No. 25.] RULES PROVIDING FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. [This form was superseded by No. 31, which see.] [No. 29.] ADDRESS BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. To THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES: Congress, recognizing and responding to the patriotic wishes of the people, provided by Acts approved March 3, 1871, and June I, 1872, respectively, that in the year 1876 the Centennial Anniversary of the Independence of the United States of America shall be celebrated at the City of Philadelphia by an International and Universal Exhibition of the grandest and most comprehensive character. The first of those Acts provided for the appointment of the United States Centennial Commission, consisting of two members from each State and Territory, to organize and conduct the Exhibition. Tnat Commission has been duly constituted, and has actively entered upon its duties. By the second Act, in order to secure the money necessary for the expenses of this Exhibition and Celebration, Congress incorporated the Centennial Board of Finance as aux- iliary to the Centennial Commission, and provided fr r the issue of stock to the amount of ten millions of dollars, in one million shares of ten dollars each, an amount which, if assessed equally among the people, would not require more than twenty-five cents from each person. In creating the Centennial Board of Finance, Congress had also in view the general distribution of the stock among the people of the States and Territories in the ratio of their population. The people, in accordance with the provisions of the Act, now have the opportunity to become owners of the stock, and to share in the management in propor- tion to the amount they subscribe. Books will remain open in the hands of the agents until the 1st day of March next, when the stockholders who have then subscribed will be notified of the time for the elec- tion of the Board of Directors, which will be after thirty days' notice. At the time of sub- scribing to the stock, an installment of two dollars per share must be paid to the agent; after the organization of the Board of Finance, the balance due will be payable when called for by them, in installments of two dollars per share, which will not be earlier than APPENDIX B. 29 May, July, September, and November of 1873; or the whole amount may be paid at the Official time of subscribing. After the organization, the agents of the Board of Finance will Forms . receive subscriptions without regard to the quota allotted to each State. An undertaking so patriotic in its conception, so vast in its proportions, and so useful in its results commends itself to the hearty sympathy and support of an intelligent people. Patriotism, as well as an appreciation of the beneficial influences of well-organized ex- hibitions, should impel all citizens to lend a helping hand. It is the duty of the Com- mission to prepare the way and open the doors, but the people, in their sovereign right and strength, must make the Exhibition. By their aid alone can it be made a just and Compre- hensive display of the industrial, intellectual, and moral development of the nation during the first century of its existence. Each subscriber will receive, after the organization of the Board, a large engraved cer- tificate of stock executed in the Treasury Department of the United States, in the best style of the engraver's art, bearing designs illustrating our national progress, and com- memorative of the Centennial Exhibition. It is hoped that there will be no pecuniary loss to any subscriber; but should there be, the certificate will in value go far towards compensating for any such loss, not only as a beautiful work of art, but as an heir-loom to be handed down from generation to genera- tion, doing perpetual honor to the patriotism of the subscriber. The names of the sub- scribers will also appear in the printed records of this great national celebration. By an early subscription you will be identified with the grand industrial monument which the willing and patriotic hands of American citizens will rear to testify their venera- tion for their self-sacrificing ancestors, and to mark the progress made in a century under the operations of a free government. DANIEL J. MORRELL, Pennsylvania, Chairman. JOHN V. L. PRUYN, New York. JAMES T. EARLE, Maryland. GEORGE H. CORLISS, Rhode Island. JOHN LYNCH, Louisiana. JOHN G. STEVENS, New Jersey. WALTER W. WOOD, Virginia. GEORGE B. LORING, Massachusetts. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Ohio. Executive Committee. [No. 30.] INSTRUCTIONS TO AGENTS. OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA, January, 1873. SIR, I inclose you herewith a copy of the amended rules [No. 31, superseding No. 5, which is therefore not printed in this Appendix], adopted by the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission, in reference to the subscriptions to the stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, together with a number of copies of a prospectus to be circulated freely among the people. In, accordance with the rules, you will please forward, on the first day of March next, to this office, a transcript of the subscriptions received by you, but will hold the originals, subject to the orders of the Board of Finance, when organized. It has also been decided to require only the payment of the first install- ment of two dollars per share at the time of subscription, and leave all other installments to be payable at the call of the Board of Finance, but not sooner than May, July, Sep- tember, and November of 1873. To insure the success of so great and patriotic an enter- prise as the Centennial Celebration of the birth of our nation, it is not too much to ask the earnest co-operation of every citizen of our land. By a little energy each section can be made to furnish its share of the necessary funds, and I would earnestly ask of you as active an aid as you can lend to promote the end in view. Very respectfully, DANIEL J. MORRELL, Chairman of Executive Committee. 30 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official [Superseding Nos. 5 and 25.] Forms, l8 73- OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. RULES PROVIDING FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. PREAMBLE, Whereas, by the Third Section of an Act of Congress entitled " An Act relative to the Centennial International Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, in the year 1876," approved June I, 1872, it is provided, That books of subscription shall be opened by the United States Centennial Commission under such rules as it may prescribe, and an opportunity shall be given during a period of one hundred days, to the citizens of each State and Territory, to subscribe for stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, incorporated by said Act, and authorized to issue stock to an amount not exceeding Ten Millions of Dollars, in shares of Ten Dollars each, and to be offered to the several States and Territories in the ratio of their population ; Now, therefore, The United States Centennial Commission, in pursuance of the au- thority contained in said Act, do adopt and establish the following Rules, for the opening of books of subscription to the stock of the said Centennial Board of Finance, to enable absent stockholders to vote by proxy, and to provide for the organization of said corpora- tion. RULE I. Books of Subscription for Stock of the Centennial Board of Finance will be provided by the Commission, containing blank subscription certificates, forms of subscrip- tion, and marginal record, as follows : APPENDIX B. e-mentioned subscript 3^ oq a % n i 3 ~ < A. 3 '- a. 1. |- R |B g.S ^ ^f f|" c |-3 ||i^|;|K| UNITED w n 32 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. O fficia l RULE 2. Subscription certificates prepared under the foregoing rule shall be sent to orms, tlie agent ; n eac h g tate an( j Territory in the ratio of population, as hereinafter provided. RULE 3. Each subscription certificate, and the marginal blank to which it is attached, shall be numbered in consecutive order. The numbering for each State and Territory shall be contained within certain limits, the lowest and the highest number being fixed for each, as, for example, Wyoming, I to 236; Arizona, 237 to 500, and so on, as may be proper when the books are issued ; the object being to prevent any repetition of numbers, and, at the same time, to permit the independent issue of numbered scrip at different places. RULE 4. The agents of the Commission for securing subscriptions to the stock in each State or Territory shall be appointed in the following manner : The Centennial Commissioner and the Alternate Commissioner from each State or Territory, or either of them, in the absence of the other, together with such corporators for such State and Territory as may attend a meeting to be called by the Commissioner, or Alternate, for the purpose, shall designate one or more National or other banks, or one or more bankers, in good standing, to receive subscriptions and the amounts paid thereon, and to issue said subscription certificates. The money so received shall be held by such banks or bankers, subject to the order of the Centennial Board of Finance, when organ- ized ; and until such organization, to the order of the Commissioner or Alternate Commis- sioner, and at least two of the said Corporators for the State or Territory in which the fund is deposited. RULE 5. The Executive Committee of the Commission will inform the Commissioner and the Alternate Commissioner of each State and Territory of the day on or before which the books are to be opened. The call for a meeting of the corporators shall be issued in season to secure a meeting and the designation of a bank or bankers at which the subscrip- tions shall be received before the time arrives for opening the books. The Commission will furnish blanks to be used in calling meetings, as aforesaid, in each State and Territory. RULE 6. Subscriptions will be received from the twenty-first day of November, 1872, until the twenty-eighth day of February, 1873, inclusive, being a period of one hundred days, and they may be made at any of the agencies designated to the Commission in accordance with Rule 4, and also at any of the banking-houses or agencies of Messrs. Jay Cooke & Co., and of Messrs. Drexel & Co., who are hereby designated and requested to act as the general agents of the Commission for securing subscriptions to the stock ot the Centennial Board of Finance. RULE 7. The general agents of the Commission will be supplied at their central offices with subscription-books for each of the States and Territories, and upon the reception of an application accompanied by the required payment, or the evidence of its having been made at any of their agencies, they shall issue and transmit a subscription certificate in due form to the subscriber. Subscription certificates so issued shall bear the name and num- bering of the State or Territory from which the application is made. RULE 8. Payments upon the stock may be made in full at the t'me of subscription, or as follows : Twenty per cent, on subscription, the balance on the call of the Board of Finance in installments of twenty per cent, each, at dates not earlier than the first Monday of May, July, September, and November, 1873. [This rule modifies Rule I.] RULE 9. After the first day of March, 1873, tne agents shall forward to the office of the Commission in Philadelphia a transcript of all subscriptions received by them, blanks for which transcript will be furnished by the Commission, and retain in their possession the original subscription-books subject to the order of the Board of Finance, when organized. RULE 10. Certificates of subscription shall not be issued until at least two dollars per share have been paid thereon ; and when issued shall be properly filled out, dated, and signed by the agent for the State or Territory appointed, in accordance with Rule 4. The marginal blank shall bear a number corresponding to that upon the subscription certificate, and having been duly filled out shall be signed by the person to whom the certificate is delivered. APPENDIX B. 33 RULE ii. Applications for stock may be made in person to the agent, or by mail, or Official otherwise. Upon the receipt of any such application by mail, accompanied by the required payment, the authorized agent shall transmit to the applicant a subscription certificate, as provided by Rule I, and shall fill up and may sign for the subscriber the marginal blank accordingly, and the application shall be correspondingly numbered and placed on file. For the purpose of facilitating subscriptions for the stock, blank forms of application will be printed for distribution. RULE 12. The following form of proxy may be used, and shall be distributed by the agents for the convenience of subscribers : Form of Proxy for voting for the First Board of Directors of the Centennial Board of Finance. [Incorporated by Act of Congress, approved June i, 1872.] '. 187 I do hereby authorize and empower for me and in my name to vote upon share of stock in said Corpo- ration held by me, and represented by subscription certificate No at the meeting of the Corporators and Subscribers for said stock, called by the United States Cen- tennial Commission, and to be held at Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of electing the First Board of Directors of said Corporation. [Name of Subscriber. ~\ [Address. ~\ RULE 13. A copy of these rules will be furnished to each of the agents appointed in accordance with Rule 4. [No. 32.] OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA, February, 1873. TO THE CLERGY AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES : The Clergy of all denominations in the United States are well aware that the Centen- nial Anniversary of our Independence as a nation is to be celebrated at the City of Philadel- phia, in 1876, in accordance with the terms of the Act of Congress, by an Exhibition of the Art and Industry of all the Nations of the Earth. That Exhibition will not be merely a gigantic "World's Fair," devoted exclusively to the material world, but it is designed to be a complete epitome of human progress, appealing to the profoundest sentiments of the devout and philanthropic, calling for their prayers, their labors, their hearty, prompt, and active co-operation, and that of every citizen interested in the welfare of mankind. Occupying a prominent place in the grandest classification of objects and subjects ever adopted for any exhibition is Group 95, comprehending the general subject of " Religious Organizations and Systems," and subdivided into classes as follows :* Class 941. Origin, nature, growth, and extent of various religious systems and sects. Statistical and historical facts. Class 942. Religious orders and societies, and their objects. Class 943. Societies and organizations for the propagation of systems of religion by missionary effort. Class 944. Spreading the knowledge of religious systems by publications, a class designed to include such publications as those of the Bible and Tract Societies, together with statistics of their origin, growth, and progress. Class 945. Systems and methods of religious instruction and training for the young. * This grouping was subsequently modified. 3 34 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official Apparatus and appliances for teaching in the family. Sunday-School furniture and appa- Forms, ratus> etc This group in the classification is subject to revision and enlargement, should necessity or expediency require it. The solemn duty devolves upon all who are actively engaged or interested in the cause of religion of co-operating and laboring with zeal towards making the representation, under each of the classes, such as shall do justice to the great organiza- tions and systems which extend throughout our land and constitute our claim to a fellow- ship among the Christian nations'. This group affords the broadest basis for religious representation. It is not limited in its scope or range. It is designed to receive any visible or tangible representation of the condition and progress of any faith, creed, denomination, or sect. Let us consider, with all reverence and awe, of what this Exhibition is commemorative. It marks our estimate of a political event of more momentous import in universal history than any which had occurred before, or any which has succeeded it, in its bearing upon the destinies of the human race ; especially in establishing upon indestructible foundations that freedom of conscience in matters of religious faith which is so fully enjoyed throughout our wide domain. It is commemorative of the birth of a nation whose progress is absolutely without any parallel in the world's experience. The commemoration of the birthday of our nation, after a century of such prosperity, expansion, and progress, and after such a development of the material resources of this mighty continent ! What should it be to make it worthy of the people so blessed ? If we are the Christian Nation we are imputed to be, you cannot, if you would, divest it of its character as an oblation to the Most High, and as a crucial test before Him and mankind of our estimate of the blessings we enjoy, of the sincerity of our patriotism, of our appreciation of civil and religious liberty, and of our sense of duty as a member of the great community of Nations. It must be either all this or nothing, in its moral import. It must, by its magnitude, its thoroughness of representation, and its moral and intellectua grandeur, manifest, in the presence of the thronging millions of our countrymen, and before the assembled delegations of all countries, so far as possible, our gratitude to GOD, the source of our prosperity and happiness as a people. Presenting a review of the past in every sphere of useful industry, art, or mental activity, as an inspiring and suggestive guide for the future, it should form a starting-point from which we may enter, by a new and elevated vantage-ground, upon the course of improve- ment which is open to us in the coming century. It is a great national festival in which the prominence and influence of the religious element, in our life as a people, should not be ignored. They will depend for their illustration upon the part taken by the Clergy and Religious associations of all denominations in the movement. The Clergy should awaken their congregations by carefully considered and earnest representations of the manifold advantages of the complete success of the celebration to religion, and in every other respect. The profound and far-reaching religious influences which, through this mighty agency, may be made to mould and guide the religious character and sentiment of the age, upon higher and higher standards of conduct of life and earnestness of faith, should be clearly set forth. The whole moral and religious tone and effect of this stupendous presentation of the varied agencies and instrumentalities represented by the comprehensive word "progress" may be controlled by the great and influential body to whom the people look for religious instruction in such a manner as to confer inestimable blessings upon the generations who are so soon to fill our places in the ranks of life. Neglect of this golden opportunity may, on the other hand, prove an irreparable misfortune to the cause of religious advancement, by the surrender of the great temple of art and industry to the spirit of materialism, deprived, in a great measure, of the hallowing influence which should consecrate material blessings as gifts for the use and benefit of man, designed, in promoting his comfort and happiness, to inspire In his heart a grateful recognition of the power and love of the Divine source from which they emanate. APPENDIX B. 35 So grand a subject, one so closely connected with the spiritual welfare of the race, may Official well become the theme of Heaven-inspired eloquence from every pulpit in the land, not F in mere passing reference, but in exhaustive presentation of the endless catalogue of reasons in favor of carrying out the duly enrolled fiat of the national will, as expressed through the Acts of Congress. The nation stands committed to the project before the world. Retraction now would be a ludicrous and disgraceful failure of the Great Republic, which assumes to lead the van- guard of progress, to do what England, France, Germany, and other powers have done, and what Austria is just about to do for the instruction and entertainment of mankind, and that, too, after having declared our purpose to do it, and to do it on a grander scale than any of our predecessors. We believe that no thought of failure is tolerated in any patriotic mind, or in any heart that has a spark of national pride. Yet many are displaying an apathy and procrastination, which, if not corrected, would prove fatal to that supreme suc- cess which alone will comport with the prestige and dignity of the nation. It is simply because they have no correct idea of the importance of time as the first essential of success. The success or failure of this undertaking is before the people, dependent entirely upon the deliberate decision which their action, in regard to subscriptions, will constitute. The National Ccmmission selected by the Governors, and appointed and confirmed by the General Government, are powerless to proceed further than they have done until the voice of the people proclaims to them, through the subscription-books, that the necessary capital is sufficiently assured to warrant them in erecting the buildings and perfecting the arrange- ments for inviting foreign exhibitors. Here it is that the importance of time for preparation after the decision of the people is known becomes apparent. It is no less essential than money. Foreign nations must have time to consider and act upon the invitation, and, in many cases, to await the action of their legislative assemblies before deciding, organizing their commissions, and making the necessary appropriations ; and if they do not have ample time, they cannot be expected to accept. They cannot be invited or notified by the President of the United States until, accord- ing to the terms of the Act of Congress, the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania shall have informed him that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings for the purposes of the Exhibition. Foreign countries and our own country have to be canvassed, and the people informed of the nature of the Exhibition. Careful selections must be made from articles representing every industry and resource. Ample time will be required for the production of works of art and large machinery, and many other articles which impart splendor and instructive ness to such exhibitions. Besides the consumption of time in the transportation of articles from abroad, much will be consumed in the erection of the vast buildings, and the arrangement of the goods in them. The inclosed printed papers contain information as to the organization of the Centennial Board of Finance, and the general purposes of the Exhibition. Your attention to the subject, in all its bearings upon the temporal and spiritual welfare of the people, is most respectfully invited. By order of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission. WILLIAM P. BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. DANIEL J. MORRELL, Pennsylvania, Chairman. JOHN V. L. PRUYN, New York. JAMES T. EARLE, Maryland. GEORGE H. CORLISS, Rhode Island. JOHN LYNCH, Louisiana. JOHN G. STEVENS, New Jersey. WALTER W. WOOD, Virginia. GEORGE B. LORING, Massachusetts. ALFRED T. C.OSHORX. Ohio. Executive Committee. 36 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. [No. 33-] Official OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, Forms ' PHILADELPHIA, February, 1873. 1873- TO THE OFFICERS AND TEACHERS IN THE UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND SCHOOLS OF THE UNITED STATES: The United States Centennial Commissioners, in the execution of the trust committed to them, desire to direct the attention of Officers and Teachers in Universities, Colleges, and Schools to the relations which the proposed International Exhibition must sustain to the educational interests of our country. The plan adopted embraces the presentation of the arts and industries of the world in such a way that the best facilities will be afforded for careful analysis and generalization. " These simultaneous views of the condition of the whole globe as to material arts" are useful beyond computation, not only to industrial development, but also to scientific and literary progress. The classification embraces Ten Departments .** I. Raw materials Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal. II. Materials and Manufactures used for Food, or in the Arts, the result of Extractive or Combining Processes. III. Textile and Felted Fabrics; Apparel, Costumes, and Ornaments for the Person. IV. Furniture and Manufactures of general use in construction and in dwellings. V. Tools, Implements, Machines, and Processes. VI. Motors and Transportation. VII. Apparatus and Methods for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. VIII. Engineering, Public Works, Architecture, etc. IX. Plastic and Graphic Arts. X. Objects illustrating efforts for the improvement of the Physical, Intellectual, and Moral Condition of Man. The departments will be divided into groups and classes, to facilitate the arrangement and display of the various articles placed on exhibition. If the ideal be in any degree realized, the attractions of the place will bring together learned and scientific men from all parts of the world, and not the least of the good results of the Exhibition will be the interchange of thought. Dr. Whewell characterized the London Exhibition as "the great university of 1851." Sir David Brewster said, in speaking on the same subject, " I am persuaded that the Exhibition will exercise the most salutary influence, in so far as it will turn the attention of the influential classes of society to the vast national importance of encouraging science and the arts, by placing the men who advance them in a better position than they have hitherto occupied in this country." The Centennial Commission makes a special appeal to our citizens of liberal culture to assist in making the International Exhibition of 1876 more successful than any of the previous Expositions of the world. As opportunity may offer, we ask that, by lectures and correspondence, you will assist in commending the great enterprise as worthy of confidence and support. In behalf of the United States Centennial Commission. JOS. R. HAWLEY, President of the United States Centennial Commission. LEWIS WALN SMITH, Temporary Secretary of the United States Centennial Commission. * For these ten Departments seven were ultimately substituted. See Form No. 104, page 60. APPENDIX B. 37 [Xo. 34.] Official OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA, 1873. 1873. TO THE SCIENTIFIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: The Anniversary of the Independence of the United States in the year 1876 is to be celebrated by an Exhibition of the products, arts, and industries of the country, and of the world. This is in accordance with an Act of Congress approved March 3, 1871. By this Act the task of preparing and superintending the Exhibition was imposed upon the United States Centennial Commission, consisting of two members from each of the States and Ter- ritories. The Commissioners have three times met in general session, a permanent organi- zation has been effected, and the chief outlines of the plan for the Exhibition have been agreed upon. This Exhibition is to be international and universal, international inasmuch as all na- tions will be invited to participate in it ; and universal, because it will include a representa- tion of all natural and artificial products, all arts, industries, and manufactures, and all the varied results of human skill, thought, and imagination. The outlines of a simple yet comprehensive classification have been adopted. There will be ten departments, each subdivided in ten groups, and these again into classes.* The details of this classification are now being elaborated, and will be published in due season, together with such rules and regulations as may be found necessary for the proper conduct and management of the Exhibition. It is intended that ample space shall be assigned to each State, Territory, and foreign country, for a just and proper display of their products. It is believed that not less than fifty square acres of floor space, under roof, will be required for this purpose. A site com- bining the advantages of a sufficient extent of level ground, with picturesque and cultivated surroundings, easy of access by rail, water, and by ordinary roads, has been assigned for the buildings and grounds at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia. The Exhibition will open in April, and close in October.-)- Each State of the Union will be expected to send its peculiar products, illustrating its resources, both developed and undeveloped. A complete exhibition of this kind by all the States will afford the means of comparing their industrial condition and capabilities. The products of mining and of agriculture will occupy a large portion of the space allotted to each State, and will receive their just share of attention in this universal display. An undertaking so patriotic in its conception, so vast in its proportions, and so useful in its results commends itself to the hearty sympathy and support of an intelligent people. Patriotism, as well as an appreciation of the industrial, educational, and moral influences of well-organized exhibitions, should impel all citizens to lend a helping hand. It is the duty of the Commission to prepare the way and open the doors, but the people, in their sovereign right and strength, must make the Exhibition. By their aid alone can it be made a just and comprehensive display of the industrial, intellectual, and moral development of the Nation during the first century of its existence. The Commission not only relies with confidence upon the aid of the people in general, but it hopes to receive the co-operation of the scientific, industrial, and commercial organi- zations of the country, and particularly of those which have aided in directing and realizing the popular demand for agricultural and industrial exhibitions. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President of the Commission. LEWIS WALN SMITH, Temporary Secretary. * See last reference. f Subsequently modified. The Exhibition opened May 10, and closed November 10. 38 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official Forras ' CIRCULAR LETTER TO CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS 1873- OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA, FEBRUARY i, 1873. United States Centennial Commissioner, etc., etc. DEAR SIR, The President of the Commission directs me to ask your attention to the following extracts from the proceedings of the last meeting of the Commission, in relation to the appointment of a Committee to visit Vienna : " Resolved, That the President of this Commission is hereby authorized to appoint a Committee to represent the United States Centennial Commission at the Exposition to be held in the city of Vienna, in May next, the said Committee to report to this Commission. . . . "Provided, That it shall be no expense to the Commission." (Journal, p. 205.) General Hawley proposes to appoint upon the Committee every member of the Com- mission who may be going to Vienna next summer, as it is important that the Commission should be well represented there; and the appointment, though conferring no pecuniary benefit, will undoubtedly command some facilities that would not be granted to a mere visitor. Will you please inform me at your earliest convenience whether or not it is your desire to visit the Vienna Exhibition as a member of such a Committee, and if so, at what time? Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM P. BLAKE Executive Commissioner. [No. 38.] SPECIFICATIONS FOR DESIGN FOR CERTIFICATE OF STOCK. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA [March ...], 1873. Desiring to elicit competent artistic talent and skill in the production of a design for an engraving on steel of a form of certificate of stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, the United States Centennial Commission invite a fair competition of those designers and artists who may be disposed to make the effort to gain the honor and reward which will be accorded to the successful competitor. The sum of five hundred dollars in currency will be paid to the person whose design may be accepted. Those who are not successful will have no claim to compensation for their labor, but honorable mention will be made of those designs according to the order of merit which they exhibit. Should any part of a design, the whole of which is not taken, be desired for use, a special proposal will be made to the designer, giving the terms upon which such part will be taken. The selection and decision will be made by the Executive Committee of this Commis- sion during the month of May, 1873. The outside dimensions of the design, exclusive of margin, will be sixteen by eleven inches. It may be freely sketched in India ink or pencil or in pen drawing. The latter is considered preferable. If that form is adopted, it would be preferred that the design should be drawn on a larger scale, preserving the same relative dimensions, so that the work may be reproduced by the Heliotype or some other photo-engraving process, in which process the reduction may be made photographically. No colors should be used in the design, and if reproduction by photographic engraving is to be adopted, all shadings should be made by lines or etching, and not by tints. APPENDIX B. 39 The designs should be illustrative of the progress of the United States in the peaceful Official arts and sciences, Agriculture, Manufactures, Commerce, the development of the coun- Forms try during the century, and those triumphs of physical science which enable man to master and use the forces of nature. They should also symbolize the freedom and representative character of our institutions. Open space must be left, amounting to about one-fourth of the area to be covered by the design, for the insertion of the wording of the certificate and the signatures of the President and Secretary of the Centennial Board of Finance. The lettering will, however, be subordinated as much as possible to the artistic requirements of the design. The designs should be forwarded to the office of United States Centennial Commission, No. 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, as early as the first of May next. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President. LEWIS WALN SMITH, Secretary. [NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT.] OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. City of Philadelphia, March 10, CALL FOR A MEETING TO ELECT A BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. In accordance with the Act of Congress, approved June I, 1872, the United States Cen- tennial Commission hereby issue a call for a meeting of the Corporators, and all others who may then have subscribed for Stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, to be held IN CONCERT HALL, on the north side of Chestnut Street, between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, in the City of Philadelphia, aforesaid, on the 22d day of April next, at 12 rf clock, noon, for the purpose of electing a board of directors, to consist of twenty-five stockholders, whose term of office shall be one year, and until their successors shall have been qualified as prescribed in said act. 40 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 2876. Official At this meeting each subscriber for stock will be entitled to cast one vote, in person or ms ' by proxy, for each share of stock thus represented. And under Rule Ninth, the following form of proxy may be used : " I do hereby authorize and empower for me, and in my name " to vote upon share of stock in said corporation held by me, and represented by " subscription certificate No. , at the meeting of the corporators and subscribers for "said stock called by the United States Centennial Commission, and to be held at Phila- " delphia, State of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of electing the first board of directors of " said corporation. Witness at signing. \ " ( Name of Subscriber.) 6 / "(Address.)" ' (Address.)' By order of the United States Centennial Commission. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, LEWIS WALN SMITH, President. Secretary. [NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT.] ORIFICE OIF UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, No. 904 WALNUT STREET. Philadelphia, April, 1873. PROPOSALS FOR PLANS FOR THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY BUILDINGS. Architects, Engineers, and others are hereby invited to offer preliminary sketches or designs for the buildings to be erected in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, for the Interna- tional Exhibition in 1876. Specifications and other documents prepared for those desiring to compete for the design, Together with information as to the sums to be paid for the plans which may be selected, will be furnished on application to LEWIS WALN SMITH, Secretary of the Centennial Com mission, No. 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. All plans must be placed in the hands of the Secretary of the Commission Before noon, on the i^th day of July, 187 J, after which time no designs will be received. By direction of the Committee on Plans and Architecture. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Chairman. APPENDIX B. 4 I [No. 39.] Official UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, No. 904 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, April 5, 1873. TO THE OFFICERS OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT, AND OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE SEVERAL STATES: GENTLEMEN, You are doubtless aware that the United States Centennial Commission has been organized, in obedience to the national will, as declared in Acts of Congress, for the purpose of rendering the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence, which is to be held at Philadelphia in 1876, a celebration that will live in history as the grandest and most sublime commemoration the world has ever witnessed. That this occasion might afford to every nation the fullest and most comprehensive manifestation of what our republic has achieved in developing civilization and extending its sway, Congress adopted a plan by which all the products of the globe that minister to human wants, all the results of industry, the choicest specimens of every art, the triumphs of genius in every field of intellectual activity, whatever, indeed, affects the moral and physical condition of the race, are to be brought together at the birthplace of the nation in an international exhibition, wherein the system of arrangement and classification shall be such as to afford a comparative view of each country's share in the movement of progress. This plan was conceived, and will be carried out, in the highest interests of philan- thropy and peace. Unity and concord among our own people, and between this and other nations, stand foremost among the sentiments that inspired the project. To acknowledge the true dignity of labor, to develop the best interests of capital, to represent in this colossal compendium of civilization the fruits of the creative power, both of the hand and of the brain, are some of the grounds upon which this national movement appeals to the patriot- ism of our countrymen for a support that shall make its success triumphant and complete. Such support we confidently look for at your hands. A celebration, the great object of which is to promote the national glory, and to prove the beneficence of the institutions under which we live, should receive peculiar sympathy and support from those who have been selected to act as the official representatives of that system of government the success of which the " Centennial" is to celebrate. Whether by the direct vote of the people or by official appointment, you hold representative positions, and consequently your obligations on such occasions as the present are greater than those of the private citizen, and your example must sensibly influence the action of your towns- men and neighbors. Hence we do not hesitate to ask your most active aid in promoting an object so eminently deserving the zealous co-operation of every American. Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia, her great manufacturing metropolis, have led the way in furnishing their proportion of capital with noble generosity, through subscriptions by het citizens and appropriations by the State and city governments, which amount already to more than three times the quota of stock apportioned to the State, and are still increasing their contributions. The Commission now awaits the response from other quarters to this worthy example. It feels assured that with a correct understanding of the objects in view every public officer will feel it both a duty and a pleasure, by subscription and co-operation, to exert himself to the utmost to hasten the success of an exposition that must prove so great a benefit to every section of our common country. JOS. R. HAWLEY, President. LEWIS WALN SMITH, Secretary. 42 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION 1876. Official OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, 1873. PHILADELPHIA, April i, 1873. SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLANS FOR THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY BUILDINGS TO BE ERECTED IN PHILA- DELPHIA FOR THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION IN 1876. The entire buildings connected with the Exhibition will cover at least fifty acres of ground, and will be located in Fairmount Park. This communication refers only to the Main Exhibition Building and to the Art Gallery, the latter being a building separate and distinct from the former. 1st. The Main Building will be located upon the site marked A on the topographical map furnished by the Centennial Commission, and Deluding such open courts and areas as the nature of the various designs may require, but mcluding the galleries, should cover at least twenty-five acres of floor space. A portion of this Main Building will form the Memorial Hall, and must be a complete building within itself. It must be of such a character, and constructed of such substantial materials, as that it shall remain after the close of the Exhibition for a permanent Art Museum. The Memorial Building will include not to exceed five acres of floor space. The re- maining portion of the Main Building will be removed after the close of the Exhibition, and must be planned accordingly. The entire Main Building must be designed so as to afford an opportunity for the best allotment of space, with a view to a comprehensive and effective arrangement of articles, in accordance with the classification adopted by the Centennial Commission. In the published statement, giving the classifications adopted by the Commission, those " Groups" marked ^4 are intended to be placed in the Main Building; the other " Groups" will not require consideration in connection with this building. 2d. The Art Gallery will be located upon the site marked B on the map furnished by the Centennial Commission, and excluding open areas, if the nature of the design requires them, should cover not to exceed two acres of floor space. This building must be of such substantial materials and sufficiently fire-proof as to thoroughly protect the valuable articles to be placed in it, It must be well adapted to Contain and properly exhibit the various articles mentioned in the " Groups" marked B, in the classification adopted by the Com- mission. In designing both the above buildings special care must be taken to insure ample strength to sustain safely the great weights and moving crowds that they may contain. At the same time, they must be able to effectually resist the action of the severest winds, and afford complete protection to their contents from the weather, without becoming expensive in construction. The Committee on Plans and Architecture has prepared for distribution a map showing the sites of the proposed buildings, and a statement, giving the classification adopted by the Commission. Those interested can obtain copies by applying to the Secretary of the Commission, at 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Architects, Engineers, and others are hereby invited to offer Preliminary Sketches of Designs for each of the above buildings, for thejirst and unlimited competition. Designs offered for each building must be represented by the following drawings, and conform strictly to the following requirements ; none others will be considered : No. i. The block plan. No. 2. The ground plan. No. 3. The gallery plan. No. 4. The north elevation. No. 5. The south elevation. APPENDIX B. 43 No. 6. The transverse sections necessary to properly illustrate the design. Official Drawing No. I must be made to the scale of one hundred feet to an inch, and must F show both buildings in their proposed relative position to each other. Separate drawings to the scale of 64 feet to an inch for Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, will be required for each building. All the drawings must be in pencil, india ink, or sepia, with the shadows cast, and no color shall be used, except upon the block plan and plans of the floors. Each design shall be accompanied by a clear and condensed written description of the drawings, and the proposed material of construction, under seal, and a sealed letter giving the address of author. The name of the party offering the design must not appear on the drawings, or be attached to the description. All plans must be placed in the hands of the Secretary of the Commission, at Philadelphia, before noon on the sixteenth day of July, 1873, after which time no designs will be received. As the designs submitted are received, the date of their reception will be indorsed upon them, and, together with the description and sealed letter giving the address of the architect, will be numbered ; the designs, descriptions, and address will each bear the same number. Thus numbered, they will remain in the possession of the Secretary until opened by the Committee on Plans and Architecture. From these preliminary sketches of designs, submitted as above indicated for this first competition, there will be selected ten designs (if there be found that number sufficiently meritorious to be admitted to the second competition), to each of which shall be paid the sum of one thousand ($1000) dollars. The letters giving the addresses will be opened after judgment has been pronounced by the Committee, and the authors of each of the ten designs will be notified of their . designs having been selected for the second competition ; the others will be returned to the parties submitting them. The second competition, for the final adoption of a plan, shall be limited to the designs selected under the first public competition, in accordance with the provisions herein specified. The conditions, requirements, awards, etc., for the second competition will be announced at or prior to the close of the first competition. Persons intending to compete for the Plans should file their address with the Secretary of the Commission, so that further announcements may be promptly communicated to them. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Ohio. WM. HENRY PARSONS, Texas. ORESTES CLEVELAND, New Jersey. DAVID ATWOOD, Wisconsin. EZEKIEL A. STRAW, New Hampshire. GEO. ALEXANDER BATCHELDER, Dakota. MIDDLETON GOLDSMITH, Vermont. Committee on Plans and Architecture. [No. 4 i.j CIRCULAR TO EXHIBITORS. PHILADELPHIA, ....187 M..... For the purpose of facilitating the progress of the necessary preparations in connection with the International Exhibition of 1876, your co-operation is requested. Have the kindness to forward a list of such products or manufactures as you desire to have on exhibition at that time, with amount of space required, so far as it is possible to prepare 44 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official it. This list will not interfere with any future entries that you may desire to add ; the object being simply to form some practical idea as to total amount of space required, and to aid in the prompt production of the Catalogue. A form is inclosed, which you will please fill up and send addressed to Yours respectfully, ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Director- General. [No. 44 .] COMPETITION FOR PLANS OF BUILDINGS. PHILADELPHIA, July 16, 1873. The Committee on Plans and Architecture of the United States Centennial Commission announce that forty sketches of designs for the International Exhibition Buildings were received previous to noon, July 15. The Committee is now engaged in the examination of the designs submitted, and will announce the award August 7, 1873, for the designs selected for the second competition, in accordance with the conditions prescribed in the circular letter, addressed to Architects, dated April I. Rules defining the conditions, requirements, awards, etc., for the second competition will be announced at the same time. By order of the Committee on Plans and Architecture. JAMES E. DEXTER, Secretary of the Committee on Plans. [No. 45.J CONDITIONS, REQUIREMENTS, AND AWARDS OF THE SECOND COMPETITION. PHILADELPHIA, August n, 1873. The conditions and instructions issued for the first competition, so far as they relate to the details of the building, are still in force. Each of the above-named architects will receive from the Secretary of the Commission a set of photographic copies of the ten selected designs, with printed descriptions of each, upon a written statement being received by the Secretary that he intends to enter for the second competition. The plans submitted for the second competition must also show, in regard to the Art Gallery, the most approved arrangements as to light and proper distribution of wall space. The Memorial Building, which is to be permanent in its construction, must form a conspicuous architectural feature, in connection with the temporary buildings, and be so erected as to remain an isolated building, suitable for public meetings, museum, and exhibition purposes, after the Universal Exhibition closes. The temporary buildings being connected with the Memorial Building, whether they be rectangular, elliptical, semi-elliptical, circular, or semi-circular, must admit of the dual application of the systematic and geographical classification. The competitors must show distinctly on the block plan the system of railroad communi- cation throughout the grounds and buildings which they would propose as the best means for transportation of visitors and freight, and the following papers must accompany the plans : I . An estimate of the cost of the Art Gallery ; an estimate of the cost of the Memorial Building; an estimate of the cost of the Temporary Building. APPENDIX B. 45 2. A statement of the time required to execute the designs, provided the final drawings Official are commenced by October I, and sufficiently advanced to begin laying the foundations on Forms > November I, next. 3. A statement giving as much information as possible in regard to the materials to be used. The plans and accompanying papers to be forwarded to the Secretary of the U. S. Centennial Commission on or before September 20, 1873. As soon as possible thereafter the Committee on Plans and Architecture will award to the author of one design the sum of ten thousand dollars. It is to be distinctly understood that all the designs and papers submitted for the final competition shall, on being so submitted, become the property of the U. S. Centennial Commission. The successful competitor, before receiving the av/ard, will be called upon to furnish detailed drawings and specifications sufficient to illustrate and explain clearly the principal parts of his design. The Committee on Plans and Architecture claims the right, before making a decision in the final competition, to hold personal interviews with the competitors themselves, for the purpose of hearing any further explanations that may be deemed necessary. Those designs not selected in the first competition will be sent to the proper parties upon written application being made to the Secretary of the Commission, No. 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. The nine plans remaining after the award in the second competition will be conspicu- ously exhibited in the Art Gallery of the Exhibition in 1876. By direction of the Committee on Plans and Architecture. JAMES E. DEXTER, Secretary of the Committee on Plans and Architecture. [NO. 47-3 ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF APPLICATIONS FOR SPACE. OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA, _., 187 M Sir, Your 1 application for space in the International Exhibition of 1876 has been received and registered. The number of your application is . Have the kindness, in any future correspond- ence relating to your proposed exhibit, to mention this number. Yours respectfully, A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. [No. 53-] INFORMATION TO EXHIBITORS. [Superseded by Nos. 62 and 105. See the latter.] 46 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official [No. 51.1 Forms, CIRCULAR LETTER TO GOVERNORS. 1873. PHILADELPHIA, November 12, 1873. To his Excellency Governor of SIR, I have the honor to solicit your concurrence with the United States Centennial Commission in the work of procuring such representations of the natural resources and industrial progress of your State as will insure its successful participation in the International Exhibition of 1876. After careful deliberation, the Commission has concluded that this end may best be attained through the instrumentality of State Boards, which should be composed of men thoroughly familiar with the capabilities of the State or Territory they represent, and upon which will devolve the responsibility for the Exhibition made under their direction. The scheme upon which it has seemed best to organize these Boards is embodied in Section 5 of the " Regulations for Exhibitors in the United States," a copy of which is hereby inclosed, and to which I beg to direct your attention. The magnitude of the labor of preparing and classifying the exhibits for each State, and the limited time remaining, convince the Centennial Commission that the organization of the State Boards cannot be safely deferred beyond the ist of April, 1874, without im- periling the interests of the exhibitors they are to represent. I have, therefore, to express the hope that your Excellency will lay the subject before the Legislature of your State, with such recommendations as will insure the appointment of the members of the Board as suggested at an early day. In order that you may have further information of the object, scope, and requirements of the work intrusted to the Centennial Commission, the Commissioners for your State have been requested to confer with you, and they will be pleased to render you any aid you may desire in inaugurating means to secure a full representation of the resources of your State in the International Exhibition. I am, with great respect, your obedient servant, A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General U. S. Centennial Commission. [No. 52.] CIRCULAR LETTER TO CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 12, 1873. Hon ; United States Centennial Commissioner for SIR, At a meeting of the Executive Committee held on the 7th inst., it was deemed essential for the thorough representation of all sections of the country in the International Exhibition of 1876, that there should be organized in each State and Territory a Board of Managers, to insure the efficient prosecution of this important work. After a careful consideration of the best manner of interesting all the people of the States, and of securing worthy and creditable exhibits, the plan adopted especially com- mended itself as being the most comprehensive and feasible for uniform execution. It is' embodied in Section 5 of the " Regulations for Exhibitors in the United States," a copy of which is herewith forwarded to you. A copy will also be sent to your associate. These regulations will indicate to you the extent and nature of the work that will be delegated to the State Boards, and the urgent necessity for their early organization. It is found im- practicable for this office to communicate with individual exhibitors throughout the country, APPENDIX B. 47 and quite impossible to determine and discriminate on the character of the exhibits offered. Official It is, therefore, proposed that the State Boards shall supervise the preliminary work of the Form5 Exhibition in their respective States, and be the intermediate means of representing the various interests of the Commission. It is hoped that a full presentaiion of this scheme to the Governor and Legislature of your State will enlist their cordial support and assistance in establishing it on an efficient basis at an early day. You will observe that the 1st of April, 1874, has been fixed upon as the time beyond which the organization of the State Boards cannot be deferred without detriment to the interests of the exhibitors whom they will represent. It is very desirable, therefore, that you should urge upon the Governor (if possible in a personal interview) the early presen- tation of the subject to the Legislature, with such recommendations as may insure the prompt organization of the Board, of which you will be a member. In conferring with the Governor, it may be well that you should give consideration to the number of members that may advantageously be placed upon your Board. The maximum number of five, in addition to the Commissioner and Alternate, was designed to provide for the conditions of States having so large an area or such diversity of products as would require the attention of a more numerous body of organizers than might be adequate elsewhere. Your judgment may determine that a smaller membership than that designated may be more effective in its practical working. A copy of the Regulations has been sent to the Governor of your State, together with a letter upon the subject, of which I inclose a copy for your information; we trust that on consultation with the Governor and your associate Commissioner, you will be able, under legislative sanction, to organize a Board that will at once undertake to assist us in the great national work in which we are engaged. I shall be pleased at all times to render you all the aid I can from this office. Very respectfully, A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. [No. 53-J INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 1876. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. A PROCLAMATION: Whereas by the Act of Congress approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy- one, providing for a National Celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Inde- pendence of the United States, by the holding of an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, it is provided as follows : " That whenever the President shall be informed by the Governor of the State ot Pennsylvania that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings for the purpose, and for the exclusive control by the Commission herein provided for of the proposed Exhibition, the President shall, through the Department of State, make Procla- mation of the same, setting forth the time at which the Exhibition will open, and the place at which it will be held; and he shall communicate to the Diplomatic Representatives of all nations copies of the same, together with such regulations as may be adopted by the Commissioners, for publication in their respective countries;" And whereas His Excellency the Governor of the said State of Pennsylvania did, on 48 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official the twenty-fourth day of June, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, inform me that provi- ms> sion has been made for the erection of said buildings and for the exclusive control by the Commission provided for in the said Act of the proposed Exhibition ; And whereas the President of the United States Centennial Commission has officially informed me of the dates fixed for the opening and closing of the said Exhibition, and the place at which it is to be held ; Now, therefore, be it known that I, ULYSSES S. GRANT, President of the United States, in conformity with the provisions of the Act of Congress aforesaid, do hereby declare and proclaim that there will be held, at the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to be opened on the nineteenth day of April, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- six, and to be closed on the nineteenth day of October, in the same year. And in the interest of peace, civilization, and domestic and international friendship and intercourse, I commend the Celebration and Exhibition to the people of the United States; and, in behalf of this Government and people, I cordially commend them to all nations who may be pleased to take part therein. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States to be affixed. [L.S.] Done at the City of Washington, this third day of July, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, and of the Independence of the United States the ninety-seventh. By the President : U. S. GRANT. HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON, July 5, 1873. SIR, I have the honor to inclose, for the information of the Government of. a copy of the President's Proclamation, announcing the time and place of holding an Inter- national Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, proposed to be held in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. The Exhibition is designed to commemorate the Declaration of the Independence of the United States, on the one hundredth anniversary of that interesting and historic national event, and, at the same time, to present a fitting opportunity for such display of the results of Art and Industry of all nations as will serve to illustrate the great Advances attained, and the successes achieved, in the interest of Progress and Civilization during the century which will have then closed. In the law providing for the holding of the Exhibition, Congress directed that copies of the Proclamation of the President, setting forth the time of its opening and the place at which it was to be held, together with such regulations as might be adopted by the Com- missioners of the Exhibition, should be communicated to the Diplomatic Representatives of all nations. Copies of those regulations are herewith transmitted. The President indulges the hope that the Government of will be pleased to notice the subject, and may deem it proper to bring the Exhibition and its objects to the attention of the people of that country, and thus encourage their co-operation in the proposed celebration. And he further hopes that the opportunity afforded by the Exhibition for the interchange of national sentiment and friendly intercourse between the people of both nations may result in new and still greater advantages to Science and Industry, and at the same time serve to strengthen the APPENDIX B. 49 bonds of Peace and Friendship, which already happily subsist between the Government and Official people of. and those of the United States. Form s. I have the honor to be, sir, with the highest consideration, Your obedient servant, (Signed) HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State. GENERAL REGULATIONS. First. The International Exhibition of 1876 will be held in Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. Second. The date of opening of the Exhibition will be April 19, 1876, and of closing will be October 19, 1876.* Third. A cordial invitation is hereby extended to every nation of the earth to be repre- sented by its arts, industries, progress, and development. Fourth. A formal acceptance of this invitation is requested previous to March 4, 1874. Fifth. Each nation accepting this invitation is requested to appoint a Commission, through which all matters pertaining to its own interests shall be conducted. For the pur- pose of convenient intercourse and satisfactory supervision, it is especially desired that one member of each such Commission be designated to reside at Philadelphia until the close of the Exposition. Sixth. The privileges of Exhibitors can be granted only to citizens of countries whose Governments have formally accepted the invitation to be represented and have appointed the aforementioned Commission, and all communication must be made through the Govern- mental Commissions. Seventh. Applications for space within the Exposition Buildings, or in the adjacent buildings and grounds under the control of the Centennial Commission, must be made pre- vious to March 4, 1875. Eighth. Full diagrams of the buildings and grounds will be furnished to the Commis- sioners of the different Nations which shall accept the invitation to participate. Ninth. All articles intended for exhibition, in order to secure proper position and classi- fication, must be in Philadelphia on or before January I, 1876. Tenth. Acts of Congress pertaining to custom-house regulations, duties, etc., together with all special regulations adopted by the Centennial Commission in reference to transpor- tation, allotment of space, classification, motive-power, insurance, police-rules, and other matters necessary to the proper display and preservation of materials, will be promptly communicated to the accredited Representatives of the several Governments co-operating in the Exposition. PHILADELPHIA, November, 1873. [No. 54.] GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR FOREIGN EXHIBITORS. [Superseded by No. 104, which see.] * Subsequently modified. The Exhibition opened May 10, and closed November 10. O INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official [No. 61.] Forins, INSTRUCTIONS TO STATE BOARDS OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS. 1. To provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and to organize a uniform system to this end throughout the United States, the United States Centennial Commission has invited the several States and Territories to appoint State Centennial Managers, not exceeding five in number. These Managers, with the United States Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner, constitute the State Board of Centennial Managers for each State and Territory. Immediately upon the organization of each Board, the Director-General of the Centen- nial Commission should be furnished with the names of the members of the Board and of its officers. It is desirable that each Board should designate one of its members as Secre- tary, who shall conduct all its correspondence with the Commission on subjects committed to its supervision. 2. The first duty of the Boards will be to disseminate information about the Exhibition, through the public press; by means of circulars and individual correspondence; through the co-operation of industrial, scientific, agricultural, and other associations ; in public meet- ings; or in such other manner as may be deemed expedient. For this purpose it may be found practicable to create co-operating committees in each county, town, or district in the State. To avoid confusion and misunderstanding in the arrangement of the details of so vast an Exhibition, it is of the utmost importance that uniformity and consistency shall be pre- served throughout the documents and instructions issued. To this end, all such publica- tions by the State Boards should be placed on file in the office of the Commission ; and nothing of the nature of promises or instructions should be entered into until approved by the Director-General. 3. The classification for the Exhibition is comprised in ten Departments, as follows :* The subdivisions of the ten Departments into Groups and Classes will be furnished to the State Boards at an early day. All allotments of space must be made to conform at once to the classification and to the national divisions which will be established in the buildings, except in the case of such collective exhibitions as may receive special sanction. The Exhibition is designed to afford a ccmparison of the United States as a nation with the other nations of the world, rather than to be a competition of the individual States among themselves ; so that the aggregate exhibit from this country must be compactly arranged. Since few States, moreover, if any, can furnish exhibits in all the groups of the classification, it will not be possible to parcel out the exhibiting space absolutely in accordance with State lines. Yet these will be pre- served wherever practicable, and the interests of all the States will be carefully provided for, as soon as there has been a sufficiently general receipt of applications for space at the central office to indicate the probable extent and location of the requirements of the several States. 4. As it is desirable that the Centennial Commission shall be in possession of this information as early as possible, each State Board should promptly furnish to the central office lists of the manufacturers and others who are likely to exhibit from its own State. Blank forms of application will then be forwarded from the central office to the persons so designated. This portion of the w ;rk should be completed before the end of the year 1874. 5. In making these recommendations, the State Boards will carefully discriminate in such a manner as to avoid undue duplication of objects, and to aim at securing a high standard of quality in the exhibits and thorough representations of the resources of their districts, rather than contributions remarkable only for size. * The classification afterwards consisted of seven Departments. APPENDIX B. jjj To insure similar characteristics in the aggregate representation of the whole country, Official the Centennial Commission reserves to itself the final decision upon the admission of all Fonns articles; and none can be considered as definitely accepted until approved by the Director- * 7 * General. 6. The State Boards are invited to keep the Director-General thoroughly informed, by means of frequent written reports, of the progress of the organization of the Exhibition in their districts, and to apply to him for decisions in any cases of uncertainty. From time to time, as occasion may arise and the progress of the work may require or suggest, the Boards will be furnished with further instructions. The blank forms and other documents needed for the transaction of the business assigned to the Boards will be furnished from the office of the Centennial Commission. Rules will be explained or amended as the interests of the Exhibition may, during the progress of the work, demand. Prompt notice of such changes will be given to the State Boards. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. [No. 62.] GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR EXHIBITORS IN THE UNITED STATES. [Superseded by No. 105, which see.] [No. 64.] : STATE ORGANIZATIONS. The United States Centennial Commission has invited the several States and Territories fo appoint local Advisory Boards or Committees to assist in securing a complete represen- tation of the industries of their respective Districts in the International Exhibition of 1876. A number of Boards have been organized in accordance with this invitation. In States and Territories where such Boards do not exist, in order to secure their organization throughout the country without further delay, it is recommended that they consist of the Centennial Commissioner and Alternate, and not less than three other persons appointed by the Director-General, with the advice and consent of the Commis- sioners of the State or Territory. It is hoped that a uniform system of co-operative Boards or Committees, organized in accordance with this suggestion, will excite local interest in the objects of the Exhibition, and thus greatly facilitate the work of the Commission. Upon the organization of each Board, an officer should be designated to conduct its correspondence with the Commission. The duty of the Boards will be 1st. To disseminate information regarding the Exhibition. 2d. To secure the co-operation of industrial, scientific, agricultural, and other associa- tions in their Districts. 3d. To appoint co-operative local committees, representing the different industries of their Districts. 4th. To stimulate local action on all measures intended to render the Exhibition suc- cessful and a worthy representation of the industries of the country. 5th. To encourage the production of articles suitable for exhibition. 6th. To distribute documents issued by the Commission among the manufacturers and others in their Districts interested in the Exhibition. 52 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official yth. To render assistance in furthering the financial and other interests of the Exhibi- m "' ' tion, and to furnish information to the Commission on subjects that may be referred to them. Applications for space in the Exhibition buildings or grounds must be made on the printed form, in accordance with the Rules and Regulations. Blank forms will be fur- nished to the Boards for distribution. The Commission will aim to secure a high standard of quality in the articles exhibited, and a complete repVesentation of the resources and industries of the country. To this end, there should be presented for exhibition the best products of each District, and especially those which are regarded as of a representative character. The Boards are requested to report to the Director-General the progress of the work in their Districts. By order of the Executive Committee, A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. PHILADELPHIA, August, 1874. [No. 68.] CENTENNIAL STATE BOARDS. The United States Centennial Commission, in order to secure local co-operation through- out the country in the objects of the International Exhibition of 1876, has invited and recommended the appointment of Centennial State Boards in the several States and Ter- ritories, and it is hoped that, where organized, they will greatly encourage and facilitate the work of the Commission. The duty of the Centennial State Boards will be 1st. To disseminate information regarding the Exhibition. 2d. To secure the co-operation of industrial, scientific, agricultural, and other associa- tions in their Districts. 3d. To appoint co-operative local committees, representing the different industries of their Districts. 4th. To stimulate Iccal action on all measures intended to render the Exhibition suc- cessful and a worthy representation of the industries of the country. 5th. To encourage the production of articles suitable for exhibition. 6th. To distribute documents issued by the Commission among the manufacturers and others in their Districts interested in the Exhibition. 7th. To render assistance in furthering the financial and other interests of the Exhibi- tion, and to furnish information to the Commission on subjects that may be referred to them. Announcements or regulations heretofore issued to State Boards inconsistent with the duties herein specified are recalled. All publications made or authorized by State Boards should be strictly in harmony with the rules, regulations, and general plans of the Commission, and copies of the same should be filed with the Director-General. The officer designated by each Board to correspond with the Commission will apply to the Director-General for further infoimaticn when desired. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. ]. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. PHILADELPHIA, September, 1874. APPENDIX J3. 53 [No. 76.] Official UNITED STATES TREASURY REGULATIONS. F Q orms ' 1874. [Replaced by No. 148, which see.] [No. 83.] OPINION OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, WASHINGTON, November 27, 1874. HON. C. DELANO, Secretary of the Inferior: SIR, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of November 4, 1874, and the papers transmitted therewith, to wit, copies of the following documents : a letter addressed to the Secretary of State, of date of i6th of September, 1874, by Baron Schwarz Senborn, Minister of Austria-Hungary; a letter addressed to the Secretary of the Interior (dated November 2, 1874) by Hon. Alfred T. Goshorn, Director-General of the Interna- tional Exhibition, 1876; and a communication fr< m Hon. John L. Shoemaker, Counsellor and Solicitor for the Centennial Commission, addressed to the Director-General of the Ex- hibition. These papers all relate to the subject of your letter, and to the question upon which you request of me an expression of opinion ; that question is, Whether the goods of foreign exhibitors, sent to the International Exhibition, to be inaugurated at Philadel- phia, May 10, 1876, "will be free from seizure by the creditors of the United States Cen- tennial Commission and Centennial Board of Finance," so that they (the foreign exhibi- tors) may not lose their property, or have difficulty in " removing the same/' The laws which have been passed concerning the " International Exhibition" are : the Acts of Con- gress, approved March 3, 1871 (16 Stats., 470), and June 2, 1872 (17 Stats., 202), also the Acts of the Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania, passed June 2, 1871 (Laws of Pennsyl- vania for 1871, p. 1311), and March 27, 1873 (Laws of Pennsylvania for 1873, P- 5 6 )- Upon a careful reading of these statutes I find in them no provision giving to the Centen- nial Commission or to any corporation or association of persons, connected with the management of the Exhibition, any property interest in the goods of the exhibitors. These persons and bodies corporate will have no ownership in the goods. They will be, at most, depositories or bailees, having the temporary custody of the goods for the purpose of the exhibitors. The relations of all parties to the goods upon their admission to the Exhibi- tion will be governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In that State, as everywhere, it is true generally that the property of one cannot be taken for the debt or liability of another. There must be in the debtor ownership or an estate in the thing to enable the creditor to execute his process upon it. The law of Pennsylvania is very careful to protect the rights of persons to their property which is in the hands of others, and holds only that which the debtor owns answerable for his debts. The reports of her highest tribunal abound with cases which, under a great variety of circumstances, show the prevalence of this general rule. That court has decided that a sheriff is liable in damages as a trespasser, at the suit of the real owner, for levying an attachment upon goods in the possession of another, and making a return upon the writ tint they were "attached," although there was no "manual handling" of the goods by the sheriff nor removal of tkem. Other cases, showing the strictness of the rule, are : Spangler vs. Adams of Martin, 16 Serg. and R., 68; Com. vs. Watmough, 6 Whar., 116; Bank vs. Jones, 42 Penn., 536, same case, 44 Perm., 253. Under the law of Pennsylvania, as shown by these cases, it is very clear that the goods of ihe exhibitors will be free from all liability to seizure, upon demands against the Commission, for which no superior lien can 54 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official he claimed. The classes of obligations for the satisfaction of which liens attach to real ms> estate and sometimes to the personal property found on it, are taxes, rent, and the claims of mechanics, material men, and laborers upon buildings or structures to the erection of which they have contributed skill, materials, or labor. By the law of Pennsylvania the personal property of the tenant or occupier of real estate, upon which taxes are assessed, is liable to be distrained for those taxes, but the goods of others in the possession of the tenant, and found upon the premises, are exempt. 2d Brightly's Purdon's Digest of the Laws of Pennsylvania, 1370, Sec. 90, of the Tax Laws. See Moore vs. Marsh et a/., 60 Penn., 46. As to rent, it is well settled by repeated decisions of the Supreme Court of that State that the goods of strangers, in the possession of the tenant, are privileged from seizure fcr rent due upon the premises, where the course of the tenant's business must of necessity give him such possessions. For the benefit of trade, and for the public convenience and advantage, the goods of third persons put in the way of business upon rented premises are protected from distress for rent. It would not be less prejudicial to the public than unjust to the owner were his property liable to be seized for the duties of those through whose hands, in the current of the world's business, it must pass. Brown vs. Sims, 17 Serg. & R., 138; Riddle vs. Welden, 5 Watts, 9; Cadwalader vs. Tindall, 20 Penn.; Briggs vs. Large, 30 Penn., 287. In Brown vs. Sims, it was said by Chief-Justice Gibson that " the right" to distrain the property of a stranger "rests on no principle of reason cr justice," and that the exceptions would in the end eat out the rule. The principle upon which he rests these exceptions, viz., the public convenience and advantage, is present and dominant in the case under discussion. It is for the convenience and advantage, and, I will add, for the good name and honor of the whole nation, but particularly of the City of Philadelphia and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, that the property of all exhibitors, especially those from abroad, should be free from all liability for the debts of those who are to control and manage the Exhibition, whether those debts be for taxes, rent, or any obligations what- soever. The claims of mechanics, material men, and laborers, who contribute skill, mate- rials, and labor in the erection of the buildings, can be made liens upon them, but these liens cannot be extended so as'to attach the goods placed in the buildings. Section I, 2, 18 of the Mechanic's Lien Act, 2d Brightly's Purd. Dig., p. 1025, as regards liability for rent and taxes. I have considered the question as if the ground on which the buildings are to be erected for the Centennial Exhibition and the buildings also were subject to taxa- tion, and the Commission having the control of the Exhibition a tenant owing rent to the owner of the premises; this is, however, far from the fact. The ground is public prop- erty, owned by the City of Philadelphia, and is not, as I understand, subject to taxation. It is freely tendered by that municipality to the use of those who, by law, will manage and control the Exhibition, and they are not considered to be in the situation of tenants owing rent to a landlord. For the reasons above set forth, I am clear in the opinion that the goods of these who shall appear as exhibitors at the " International Exhibition" will, under the laws of Penn- sylvania, be entirely free from liability to seizure for any debts, claims, or demands, what- soever, against the Centennial Commission, or any other corporate body, person, or associa- tion of persons having to do with said Exhibition. I cannot conceive of any risk, from this source, of the loss of their goods by foreign exhibitors, nor of any difficulty they will meet with in removing their property. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, (Signed) GEORGE H. WILLIAMS, Attorney- General. APPENDIX B. 55 [No. 91.] Official OPINION OF THE COUNSELLOR OF THE COMMISSION. Forms ' 1874-5. PHILADELPHIA, October 10, 1874. HON. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Director-General : SIR, In answer to your communication inclosing and asking a legal opinion upon the following extract of a letter from His Excellency the Austrian Minister, viz. : " Whether, in the event of the failure of the Exhibition pecuniarily, an event which it is hoped and expected will not occur, the foreign goods sent to the Exhibition will be held free from seizure by the creditors of the Centennial Exhibition Commission and Committee, so that the foreign exhibitors may not lose their property, or have difficulty in removing the same." I would state that the Act of Congress, approved June I, 1872, provides that "all con- tracts made in any State for the purpose of the Centennial International Exhibition shall be subject to the laws thereof." The officers of the Commission and Board of Finance are in the State of Pennsylvania; there all the applications for space and privileges to exhibit are and must be made, no charge or claim being incurred therefor. The goods will be delivered to the Exhibition in that State, neither the Commission or Board of Finance have any ownership in them, they remain the property of the owner, and are deposited under the regulations of the Commission, to which the owners agree. The law of Pennsylvania is well settled that goods thus deposited and placed on exhi- bition are free from seizure, and are not liable for the debts of the person or corporation thus receiving them. The buildings are erected upon grounds already belonging to the public. They are subject to no rent or taxation, and are therefore exempt from that class of superior liens. The buildings, too, will be a United States Bonded Warehouse, in which all foreign goods for exhibition only will be entered and allowed to be returned free of duty. 1 cannot imagine the possibility of such a claim being made, and am clearly of the opinion that if made it would be utterly invalid. Yours respectfully, (Signed) JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Counsellor and Solicitor for the Centennial Commission. We concur in the foregoing opinion. (Signed) HENRY M. PHILLIPS, BENJAMIN HARRIS BREWSTER. October 13, 1874. OPINION OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, OFFICE OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL. HARRISBURG, March 3, 1875. To HON. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Director- General of the United States Centennial Inter- national Exhibition : SIR, In reply to your communication in which you state in substance that rumors have been circulated that in the event of financial embarrassment of the Centennial Exhibition the goods sent by exhibitors thereto would be liable to seizure by its creditors, and desiring my opinion in relation thereto. Upon what grounds this rumor is l;ased I am unable to comprehend. The buildings are erected upon public grounds, and I am informed are exempt from taxation and rent, and no charge is made for space occupied by exhibitors. There is no law of this State, in my opinion, that would subject the goods of exhibitor -i 56 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. to liability for the indebtedness, if any should exist, of the Centennial Exhibition. As this rumor will command little if any consideration at home, but may excite attention abroad, I deem it proper to say that the owner of such goods will enjoy the same protection there- for as by the Constitution and laws of this State is afforded and given to her own citizens in the protection of like property. The right of property, its possession, enjoyment, and protection is one of the indefeasible rights expressly guaranteed by the Constitution of this State to all men. No distinction is made; whether the owner be a citizen or foreigner, the right is common to all, and secured by the laws of the State to all. No man's property can be invaded or taken except by due process of law, by authority of law, and there is no law of Pennsylvania whose authority could be invoked, in my opinion, to authorize the taking of the goods of exhibitors at the Centennial Exhibition to satisfy the creditors, if any there should be, of such exhibitors. With great respect, your obedient servant, (Signed) SAMUEL E. DIMMICK, Attorney- General. [No. 92.] SYSTEM OF AWARDS. FIRST. Awards shall be based upon written reports attested by the signatures of their authors. SECOND. Two hundred Judges shall be appointed to make such reports, one-half of whom shall be foreigners and one-half citizens of the United States. They will be selected for their known qualifications and character, and will be experts in departments to which they will be respectively assigned. The foreign members of this body will be appointed by the Commission of each country, and in conformity with the distribution and allotment to each, which will be hereafter announced. The Judges from the United States will be appointed by the Centennial Commission. THIRD. The sum of one thousand dollars will be paid to each commissioned Judge for personal expenses. FOURTH. Reports and awards shall be based upon inherent and comparative merit. The elements of merit shall be held to include consideration relating to originality, inven- tion, discovery, utility, quality, skill, workmanship, fitness for the purposes intended, adapta tion to public wants, economy, and cost. FIFTH. Each report will be delivered to the Centennial Commission as soon as com- pleted, for final award and publication. SIXTH. Awards will be finally decreed by the United States Centennial Commission, in compliance with the Act of Congress, and will consist of a diploma with a uniform Bronze Medal and a special report of the Judges on the subject of the award. SEVENTH. Each Exhibitor will have the right to reproduce and publish the report awarded to him, but the U. S. Centennial Commission reserves the right to publish and dispose of all reports in the manner it thinks best for public information, and also to em- body and distribute the reports as records of the Exhibition. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. PHILADELPHIA, April 14, 1875. APPENDIX B. 57 [No. 93.J Official PROPOSALS FOR THE PRIVILEGE OF TAKING AND SELLING PHOTOGRAPHS. Photographers are invited to send to the President of the Centennial Board of Finance, 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, on or before May 12, 1875, proposals for the privilege of taking and selling photographs within the International Exhibition of 1876. 1. Proposals will be received for the privilege of taking general views of the Exhi- bition grounds, and of the interior and exterior of the Exhibition Buildings, with the right to sell the photographs at such places as may be designated by the United States Centen- nial Commission. 2. The privilege will include the right to take portraits within the limits of the Exhi- bition grounds. 3. The privilege of taking photographs of objects on exhibition will be permitted only on the written assent of the exhibitor, approved by the Director-General of the Cen- tennial Commission. 4. All buildings (the plans and location of which must be approved by the Director- General), furniture, and apparatus necessary for taking said photographs shall be supplied at the cost of the contractors. 5. Proposals will state the terms and conditions for FIRST. The exclusive privilege for taking general views and portraits. SECOND. The privilege for taking general views and portraits, if granted to not more than three parties. THIRD. For general views only. a. Exclusive privilege. b. If granted to not more than three parties. FOURTH. For portraits only. a. Exclusive privilege. b. If granted to not more than three parties. In each case the proposal will include the right to sell the photographs taken. 6. The party or parties to whom the privilege is granted will be required to observe the rules and regulations established from time to time for the government of the Exhi- bition. 7. The Centennial Board of Finance expressly reserves the right to reject any or all propositions that may be made in answer to this circular. 8. Proposals should be indorsed " Proposals for taking and selling Photographs." JOHN WELSH, Prest. Centennial Board of Finance. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. [No. 96.] PROPOSALS FOR THE SALE OF SODA AND OTHER AERATED WATERS. 1. Proposals will be received on or before the 1st day of June, 1875, f r the privilege of selling Soda and other Aerated Waters in the International Exhibition of 1876. 2. Proposals will state the terms and conditions FIRST. For the exclusive privilege. a. A gross sum. b. A percentage on gross receipts. SECOND. For the privilege if granted to not more than three parties. a. A gross sum. b. A percentage on gross receipts. 58 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official THIRD. The name of the waters and the price that will be charged per glass. Forms ' 3. Sufficient security will be required for the faithful performance of the contracts. 4. All fountains, stands, counters, fittings, and apparatus will be supplied at the cost of the contractor. 5. The dimensions of the fountains and stands, and style of decorations shall be sub- ject to the approval of the Director-General of the United States Centennial Commission. 6. The Director-General will designate the locations in the several buildings of the Exhibition for the fountains and stands. 7. The party or parties to whom the privilege is granted will be required to observe the rules and regulations established from time to time fcr the government of the Exhibition. 8. Proposals must be addressed to the President of the Centennial Board of Finance, Philadelphia, and indorsed " Proposals for the sale of Soda and other Aerated Waters." 9. The Centennial Board of Finance expressly reserves the right to reject any or all propositions made in answer to this circular. JOHN WELSH, President Centennial Board of Finance. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. PHILADELPHIA, April 26, 1875. [No. 98.] PERMITS TO SELL ARTICLES MANUFACTURED BY EXHIBITING MACHINES AND PROCESSES. Permission for the privilege to sell articles actually manufactured in the Exhibition will be granted on the following conditions : 1st. Special application must be made to the Director-General of the Centennial Com- mission for the privilege on the forms provided for the purpose. 2d. The privilege will be granted only on approval of the application by the Director- General. 3d. Articles offered for sale under the permit must be actually manufactured in the Exhibition by the machine or process to which the privilege is granted. 4th. The party to whom the permit is granted will be required to pay to the Centennial Board of Finance a sum equal to fifteen per cent, of the gross receipts from the sales. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. PHILADELPHIA, April 30, 1875. [No. 99-] . PERMIT TO SELL ARTICLES MANUFACTURED IN THE EXHIBITION. 1. Description of the manufacturing machine or process. 2. The character of the materials and supplies to be used in manufacturing. 3. The kind and amount of power required. 4. Kind and amount of space required. 5. Number of employees. The conditions on which this permit is granted are First. The sale only of articles actually manufactured in the Exhibition by the machine or process described. Second. Sales without solicitation and direct delivery to the purchaser at the place of manufacture. APPENDIX B. 59 Third. Payment of a sum equal to fifteen per cent, of the gross receipts from such sales O to the Treasurer of the Centennial Board of Finance, in the manner that may be prescribed i8 r . ms> ' by said Board. Fourth. Observance of the rules and regulations established from time to time for the government of the Exhibition. Fifth. The right of the Director-General to revoke the permit in case the manufacture or sale become objectionable, or for non-compliance with these conditions. (To be signed in duplicate.) Approved. Director- General. PHILADELPHIA, April 30, 1875. [No. 104.] GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR FOREIGN EXHIBITORS. The Congress of the United States of America has provided for the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine. A proclamation by the President, issued July 4, 1873, announced the Exhibition and commended it to all nations. Upon the nomination of the Governors of the States and Territories of the United States the President has appointed Commissioners to represent each State and Territory in the United States Centennial Commission. This Commission has been charged with the duty of perfecting and carrying out the plan for holding the Exhibition. Its officers are : President, Joseph R. Hawley, Connecticut. Vice- Presidents. Orestes Cleveland, New Jersey. John D. Creigh, California. Robert Lowry, Iowa. ThoniLis H. Cold well, Tennessee. John McNeil, Missouri. Wm. Gurney, South Carolina. Director- General, Alfred T. Goshorn, Ohio. Secretary, John L. Campbell, Indiana. Counsellor and Solicitor, John L. Shoemaker, Philadelphia. i Myer Asch, Philadelphia. Assistant Secretaries, \ ~ /-. j TH.M j i i.- ' I Dorsey Gardner, Philadelphia. Executive Committee. Daniel J. Morrell, Pennsylvania. \lfred T. Goshorn, Ohio. N. M. Beckwith, New York. Alexander R. Boteler, West Virginia. Richard C. McCormick, Arizona. John Lynch, Louisiana. Charles P. Kimball, Maine. Samuel F. Phillips, North Carolina, oooo George B. Loring, Massachusetts. Frederick L. Matthews, Illinois. Wm. Phipps Blake, Connecticut. Jas. E. Dexter, District of Columbia. J. T. Bernard, Florida. Secretary of the Executive Committee, Myer Asch, Philadelphia. The Exhibition will be held in Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, and will Duration of be opened on the loth day of May, 1876, and closed on the loth of November following, the Exhibition 6o INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. RULE II. Organization of exhibits. Allotment of space. RULE III. Applications for space. RULE IV. RULE V. Custom-house regulations. RULE VI. Delivery and removal of goods. RULE VII. Reception of goods. RULE VIII. Forfeiture of space. RULE IX. RULE X. Official Catalogue. RULE XI. RULE XII. Charges and exemptions. All Governments have been invited to appoint Commissions, for the purpose of organ- izing their departments of the Exhibition. The Director-General should be notified of the appointment of such Foreign Commissions before January I, 1875. Full diagrams of the buildings and grounds will be furnished to the Foreign Commis- sions on or before February I, 1875, indicating the localities to be occupied by each nation, subject, however, to revision and readjustment. Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto must be conducted with the Commission of the country where the article is produced. Foreign Commissions are requested to notify the Director-General, not later than June I, 1875, whether they desire any increase or diminution of the space offered them, and the amount. Before December i, 1875, tne Foreign Commissions must furnish the Director-General with approximate plans showing the manner of allotting the space assigned to them, and also with lists of their exhibitors, and other information necessary for the preparation of the Official Catalogue. Products brought into the United States, at the ports of New York, Boston, Portland, Me., Burlington, Vt., Suspension Bridge, N. Y., Detroit, Port Huron, Mich., Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, New Orleans, and San Francisco, intended for display at the International Exhibition, will be allowed to go forward to the Exhibition buildings, under proper supervision of customs officers, without examination at such ports of original entry, and at the close of the Exhibition will be allowed to go forward to the port from which they are to be exported. No duties will be levied upon such goods, unless entered for consumption in the United States. The transportation, receiving, unpacking, and arranging of the products for exhibition will be at the expense of the exhibitor. The installation of heavy articles requiring special foundations or adjustment should, by special arrangement, begin as soon as the progress of the work upon the buildings will permit. The general reception of articles at the Exhibition buildings will commence on January 5, 1876, and no articles will be admitted after April 10, 1876. Space assigned to Foreign Commissions and not occupied on the 1st of April, 1876, will revert to the Director-General for re-assignment. If products are not intended for competition, it must be so stated by the exhibitor ; and they will be excluded from the examination by the International Juries. An Official Catalogue will be published in four distinct versions, viz., English, French, German, and Spanish. The sale of Catalogues is reserved to the Centennial Commission. The seven departments of the classification which will determine the relative location of articles in the Exhibition, except in such collective exhibitions as may receive special sanction, and also the arrangement of names in the Catalogue, are as follows : I. Mining. II. Manufactures. III. Education and Science. IV. Art. V. Machinery. VI. Agriculture. VII. Horticulture. Foreign Commissions may publish Catalogues of their respective sections. Exhibitors will not be charged for space. A limited quantity of steam- and water-power will be supplied gratuitously. The quantity of each will be settled definitely at the time of the allotment of space. Any power required by the exhibitor in excess of that allowed will be furnished by the Cen- tennial Commission at a fixed price. Demands for such excess of power must also be settled at the time of the allotment of space. APPENDIX B. 6! Exhibitors must provide at their own cost, all show-cases, shelving, counters, fittings, etc., RULE XIII. which they may require ; and all countershafts, with their pulleys, belting, etc., for the trans- mission of power from the main shafts in the Machinery Hall. All arrangements of articles and decorations must be in conformity with the general plan adopted by the Director-General. Special constructions of any kind, whether in the buildings or grounds, can only be made upon the written approval of the Director-General. The Centennial Commission will take precautions for the safe preservation of all objects Responsibility in the Exhibition ; but it will in no way be responsible for damage or loss of any kind, or fc for accidents by fire or otherwise, however originating. Favorable facilities will be arranged by which exhibitors or Foreign Commissions may R UL E XIV insure their own goods. Foreign Commissions may employ watchmen of their own choice to guard their goods during the hours the Exhibition is open to the public. Appointments of such watchmen will be subject to the approval of the Director-General. Foreign Commissions, or such agents as they may designate, shall be responsible for RULE XV. the receiving, unpacking, and arrangement of objects, as well as for their removal at the Exhibitors' close of the Exhibition ; but no person shall be permitted to act as such agent until he can a s ents - give to the Director-General written evidence of his having been approved by the proper Commission. Each package must be addressed " To the Commission for \_Name of Country^ at the RULE XVI. International Exhibition of 1876, Philadelphia, United States of America," and should have at least two labels affixed to different but not opposite sides of each case, and giving the following information : (i) The country from which it comes; (2) name or firm of the exhibitor; (3) resi- RULE XVII. dence of the exhibitor; (4) department to which objects belong; (5) total number of packages sent by that exhibitor; (6) serial number of that particular package. Within each package should be a list of all objects it contains. RULE XVIII. If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the Exhibition RULE XIX. building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost and risk of whomso- ever it may concern. Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, also patent medicines, nostrums, RULE XX. and empirical preparations whose ingredients are concealed, will not be admitted to the Excluded Exhibition. The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to the close of the Exhibition. RULE XXI. Sketches, drawings, photographs, or other reproductions of articles exhibited will only RULE XXII. be allowed upon the joint assent of the exhibitor and the Director-General ; but views of Reproduction portions of the building may be made upon the Director-General's sanction. Immediately after the close of the Exhibition exhibitors shall remove their effects, and RULE XXIII. complete such removal before December 31, 1876. Goods then remaining will be removed Removal of by the Director-General and sold for expenses or otherwise disposed of under the direction S ds - of the Centennial Commission. Each person who becomes an exhibitor thereby acknowledges and undertakes to keep RULE XXIV. the rules and regulations established for the government of the Exhibition. Acknowledg- Special regulations will be issued concerning the exhibition of fine arts, the organiza- m tion of international juries, awards of prizes, and sales of special articles within the build- ings, and on other points not touched upon in these preliminary instructions. Communications concerning the Exhibition should be addressed to " The Director- RULE XXV. General, International Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A." The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regulations, whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. PHILADELPHIA, May 22, 1875. 62 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. National Centennial Celebration and International Exhibition. United States Centennial Commission. [No. 105.] GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR EXHIBITORS IN THE UNITED STATES. An Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, provided for the national celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States, by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine. A Procla- mation by the President, issued July 4, 1873, announced the Exhibition and National Cele- bration, and commended them to the people of the United States and of all nations. The Act of Congress provided for the organization of the United States Centennial Commission, " whose duty it shall be to prepare and superintend the execution of a plan for holding the Exhibition." Upon the nomination of the Governors of the several States and Territories, the President appointed the members of the Centennial Commission, as follows : States and Territories. Commissioners, and Address. Alabama .... Arizona Arkansas .... California .... Colorado .... Connecticut . . . Dakota Delaware .... District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky .... Louisiana .... Maine Maryland .... Massachusetts Michigan .... Minnesota .... Mississippi .... Missouri .... Montana .... Nebraska .... Nevada New Hampshire . New Jersey New Mexico . . . New York .... North Carolina . . Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . . . South Carolina Tennessee .... Texas Utah Vermont .... Virginia Washington Territory, West Virginia . . . Wisconsin . ... . Wyoming .... Richard C. McCormick, Washington, D. George W. Lawrence, Hot Springs J. Dunbar Creigh, San Francisco, . . J. Marshall Paul, Fair Play .... Joseph R. Hawley, Hartford . . . J. A. Burbank, Bonhomme County Henry F. Askew, Wilmington . . . James E. Dexter, Washington . J. S. Adams, Jacksonville .... George Hillyer. Atlanta Thomas Donaldson, Boise City . . . F. L. Mathews, Carlinville .... J. L. Campbell, Crawfordsville . Robert Lowry, Davenport .... John A. Martin, Atchison .... Robert Mallory, LuGrange .... John Lynch, New Orleans .... Joshua Nye, Augusta James T. Earle, Centreville .... George B. Loring, Salem James Birney, Bay City J. Fletcher Williams, St. Paul . . . O. G. French, Jackson John McNeil, St. Louis J. P. Woolman, Helena Henry S. Moody, Omaha .... W. W. McCoy, Eureka Ezekiel A. Straw, Manchester Orestes Cleveland, Jersey City Eldridge W. Little, Santa Fe . . N. U. Beckwith, New York City . . Samuel F. Phillips, Washington City . Alfred T. Goshorn, Philadelphia . . J. W. Virtue, Baker City Daniel J. Morrell, Johnstown George H. Corliss, Providence . William Gurney, Charleston .... Thomas H.Coldwell, Shelby ville . . W. H. Parsons, Ho Hton John H. Wickizer, Salt Lake City . . Middleton Goldsmith, Rutland . . . F. W. M. Holliday, Richmond . . . Elwood Evans, Olympia Alexander R. Boteler, Shepherdstown David Atwood, Madison Joseph M. Carey, Cheyenne .... Alternates, and Address. James L. Cooper, Huutsville. C. John Wasson, Tucson. . G. C. Dodge, Little Rock. Benjamin P. Kooser, Santa Cruz. . N. C. Meeker, Greeley. . William P. Blake, New Haven. . Solomon L. Spink, Yankton. . John H. Rodney, New Castle. . Lawrence A. Gobright, Washington. . J. T. Bernard, Tallahassee. . Richard Peters, Jr., Atlanta. . Christopher W. Moore, .Boise City. . Lawrence Weldon, Bloomington. . Franklin C. Johnson, New Albany. . Coker F. Clarkson, Eldora. . George A. Crawford, Fort Scott. Smith M. Hobbs, Mount Washington. Edward Penington, Philadelphia. . Charles P. Kimball, Portland. . S. M. Shoemaker, Baltimore. . William B. Spooner, Boston. Claudius B. Grant, Houghton. . W. W. Folwell, Minneapolis. . E. D. Frost. . Samuel Hays, St. Louis. . Patrick A. Largey, Virginia City. . R. W. Furnas, Brownsville. . James W. Haines, Genoa. . Asa P. Cate, Northheld. . John G. Stevens, Trenton. . Stephen B. Elkins, Washington, D. C. . Charles H. Marshall, New York City. . J. W. f Albertson, Hertford. . Wilson W. Griffith, Toledo. . A. J. Dufur, Portland. Asa Packer, Mauch Chunk. . R. C. Taft, Providence. . Archibald Cameron, Charleston. . William F. Prosser, Nashville. . John C. Chew, New York. . Wm. Haydon, Salt Lake City. . Henry Chase, Lyndon. Edmund R. Bagwell. Onancock. Alexander S. Abernethy, Cowlitz County, Andrew J. Sweeney, Wheeling. . Edward D. Holton, Milwaukee. . Robert H. Lamborn, Philadelphia. APPENDIX B. 63 The officers of the Commission for the year 1875-76 are : President, Joseph R, Hawley, Connecticut. Vice- Presidents. Orestes Cleveland, New Jersey. Thomas H. Coldwell, Tennessee. John D. Creigh, California. Robert Lowry, Iowa. John McNeil, Missouri. Wm. Gurney, South Carolina. Director- General, Alfred T. Goshorn, Ohio. Secretary, John L. Campbell, Indiana. Counsellor and Solicitor, John L. Shoemaker, Philadelphia Myer Asch, Philadelphia, . ^ Dorsey Gardner, Philadelphia. Executive Committee. Daniel J. Morrell, Pennsylvania. Alfred T. Goshorn, Ohio. N. M. Beckwith, New York. Alexander R. Boteler, West Virginia. Richard C. McCormick, Arizona. John Lynch, Louisiana. Charles P. Kimball, Maine. Samuel F. Phillips, North Carolina. George B. Loring, Massachusetts. Frederick L. Matthews, Illinois. William Phipps Blake, Connecticut. James E. Dexter, District of Columbia. J. T. Bernard, Florida. Secretary of the Executive Committee, Myer Asch, Philadelphia. By a further Act of Congress, approved June I, 1872, there was created the Centennial Ce.-tennifJ Board of Finance, which is charged with the financial administration of the preparation Board of for the Exhibition. This Board was duly organized on April 23, 1873, by the election of a Board of twenty-five Directors. The officers of the Board of Finance for 1874-75 are: President, John Welsh, Philadelphia. Vice- Presidents. William Sellers, Philadelphia. John S. Barbour, Virginia. Secretary and Treasurer, Frederick Fraley, Philadelphia. The Exhibition will be held at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, and will RI-LE I. Duratioi Exhibit. 01 be opened on the loth clay of May, 1876, and closed on the loth day of November fol- Dur at' onofl lowing. The seven departments of the classification which will determine the relative location of articles in the Exhibition, except in such collective exhibitions as may receive special sanction, and also the arrangement of names in the Catalogue, are as follows : I. Mining. II. Manufactures. III. Education and Science. IV. Art. V. Machinery. VI. Agriculture. VII. Horticulture. Applications for space nnd negotiations relative thereto should be addressed to the A '|j cat j on Director-General, International Exhibition, Philadelphia, Penna. for Space. Exhibitors will not be charged for space. RULK III. A limited quantity of steam- and water-power will be supplied gratuitously. The Charts and quantity of each will be settled definitely at the time of the allotment of space. Any Excm P llon *- power required by the Exhibitor in excess of that allowed will be furnished by the Com- INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. RULE IV. RULE V. Responsibility for safety of goods. RULE VI. RULE VII. .Exhibitor's agents. RULE VIII. Delivery and removal of goods. RULE IX. Recent: on of goods. RULE X. Forfeiture of space. RULE XI. RULE XII. RULE XIII. Excluded articles. RULE XIV. RULE XV. Reproduction of articles. RULE XVI. Removal of goods. RULE XVII. Acknowledg- ment of rules. RULE XVIII. Official Cata- logue. RULE XIX. mission at a fixed price. Demands for such excess of power must also be settled at the time of the allotment of space. Exhibitors must provide at their own cost all show-cases, shelving, counters, fittings, etc., which they may require ; and all countershafts, with their pulleys, belting, etc., for the transmission of power from the main shafts in Machinery Hall. All arrangements of articles and decorations must be in conformity with the general plan adopted by the Director-General. Special constructions of any kind, whether in the buildings or grounds, can only be made upon the written approval of the Director-General. The Commission will take precautions for the safe preservation of all articles in the Exhibition ; but it will in no way be responsible for damage or loss of any kind, or for accidents by fire or otherwise, however originating. Favorable facilities will be arranged by which exhibitors may insure their own goods. Exhibitors may employ watchmen of their own choice to guard their goods during the hours the Exhibition is open to the public. Appointments of such watchmen will be sub- ject to the approval of the Director-General. Exhibitors, or such agents as they may designate, shall be responsible for the receiving, unpacking, and arrangement of objects, as well as for their removal at the close of the Exhibition. The transportation, receiving, unpacking, and arranging of the products for the Exhibi- tion will be at the expense of the exhibitor. The installation of heavy articles requiring foundations should, by special arrangement, begin as soon as the progress of the work upon the buildings will permit. The general reception of articles at the Exhibition buildings will commence on January 5, 1876, and no articles will be admitted after April 10, 1876. Space not occupied on the 1st of April, 1876, will revert to the Director-General for re-assignment. If products are not intended for competition, it must be so stated by the exhibitor; and they will be excluded from the examination by the International Juries. If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the Exhibition building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost and risk of whomso- ever it may concern. Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, also patent medicines, nostrums, and empirical preparations whose ingredients are concealed, will not be admitted to the Exhibition. The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to the close of the Exhibition. Sketches, drawings, photographs, or other reproductions of articles exhibited, will only be allowed upon the joint assent of the exhibitor and the Director-General ; but views of portions of the building may be made upon the Director-General's sanction. Immediately after the close of the Exhibition, exhibitors shall remove their effects, and complete such removal before December 31, 1876. Goods then remaining will be removed by the Director-General and sold for expenses, or otherwise disposed of under the direction of the Commission. Each person who becomes an exhibitor thereby acknowledges and undertakes to keep the rules and regulations established for the government of the Exhibition. Special regulations will be issued concerning the exhibition of fine arts, the organization of international juries, awards of prizes, the sale of special articles within the buildings, and on other points not touched upon in these preliminary instructions. An Official Catalogue will be published in four distinct versions, viz., English, French, German, and Spanish. The sale of Catalogues is reserved to the Centennial Commission. Communications concerning the Exhibition should be addressed to "The Director-Gen- eral, International Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A." APPENDIX B. 65 The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regulations, Official whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. orms, A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. PHILADB;.PHIA, May 22, 1875, [No. 106.] CORRESPONDENCE RELATIVE TO TRANSPORTING AMERICAN WORKS OF ART TO THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. PHILADELPHIA, May 8, 1875. HON. COLUMBUS DELANO, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C. : SIR, A number of American artists in Europe, and especially those at present in Italy, desiring to become exhibitors in the International Exhibition of 1876, have written to ascertain whether the Government of the United States will direct a naval vessel to call at certain ports for the purpose of receiving and transporting their contributions free to this country. Being citizens of the United States and intending to exhibit in the section assigned to the United States, they will not receive assistance or facilities to transport their works of art from the Government of the country where they may be temporarily residing. It would therefore seem proper, if consistent with the public service, that a vessel might be directed at least to call at certain ports in Italy, at a designated time, to receive the works of American artists intended for the Exhibition. I have the honor to submit this proposition for the consideration of the President and the Honorable the Secretary of the Navy, and shall be pleased to receive an early reply. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 4, 1875. SIR, Referring to your letter of the 8th ultimo, I have the honor to inclose a copy of one addressed to me, on the 3.! instant, by the Hen. Secretary of the Navy, stating that a naval vessel will be directed to call at certain ports in Europe for the purpose of receiving and transporting the contributions of such American artists as may desire to become exhibitors at the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. DELANO, Secretary. HON. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. NAVY DEPARTMENT. WASHINGTON, June 3, 1875. SIR, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the loth ult., and the inclosure from the Director-General of the United States Centennial Commission, and to inform you that this Department will direct a naval vessel to call at certain ports in Europe for the purpose of receiving and transporting the contributions of such American artists as may desire to become exhibitors at the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Very respectfully, G. M. ROBESON, Secretary of the Naiy. HON. COLUMBUS DELANO, Secretary of the Interior. 5 66 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. pfmt CIRCULAR TO EDITORS. 1875. [No. 115.] To THE EDITOR OF THE. SIR, The Centennial Commission has undertaken the preservation among its archives of publications bearing upon any celebrations of the Centennial period. If you will cause to be sent to this office copies of such articles appearing in your journal, or current issues of the latter, it will add to the completeness of the record, and the favor will be duly esteemed and acknowledged. Very respectfully yours, JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. [No. 119.] PROPOSALS FOR THE PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL CATALOGUE 1. Proposals will be received on or before twelve o'clock, noon, the I5th day of Sep- tember, 1875, for the right to publish and sell the Official Catalogue of the International Exhibition of 1876, in the English language. Said Catalogue will be printed in four parts, as specified in the annexed circular of information. 2. Proposals must state the terms and conditions : First. A gross sum for the publication and sale of the entire Catalogue; Second. A royalty, per copy of each part, on all sales of the Catalogue; or Third. A gross sum for the publication and sale of the first edition of 25,000 copies of each part, and a royalty, per copy, on all sales over and above this number. 3. It must be understood that not more than 25,000 copies of either part of the Cata- logue shall be printed before the Catalogue is subjected to a thorough revision by the Cen- tennial Commission, and also that it shall be subject to further revisions from time to time, as may be deemed necessary. 4. The publisher may insert in each of the four parts of the Catalogue 48 pages, and no more, of advertisements, 24 pages at the beginning and 24 at the close of each part ; and also two pages of advertisements on each of the four covers, the first and second pages of each cover being reserved for the use of the Centennial Commission. The advertise ments will be subject to the written approval of the Director-General. 5. Each of the four parts shall be sold singly to the public at the price of 25 cents pei part. 6. All copies of the Catalogue must be printed upon paper equal in quality and weight to that upon which this circular is printed, and will conform with the annexed specimen pages in size and typographical arrangement. 7. Each bidder is invited to submit, with his proposals, specimen pages bound in a volume of 300 pages, showing quality of paper, binding, and typography. 8. Inasmuch as the furnishing of the manuscript for the Catalogue is liable to unavoid- able delays, and the first edition to material revisions, bidders must state their facilities for rapid execution of work in case of urgency. Not less than 25,000 copies of each part must be ready for delivery at the opening of the Exhibition, May 10, 1876. 9. The Contractor will be required to enter into such contract or contracts, with se- curity or securities for the faithful performance thereof, as may meet with the approval of the Centennial Board of Finance and the Director-General of the International Exhibition, 10. Proposals must be addressed to the President of the Centennial Board of Finance. 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, and indorsed " Proposals for the Publication of the Official Catalogue." APPENDIX . 6 7 II. The Centennial Board of Finance expressly reserves the right to reject any or all Official propositions made in answer to this circular. Forms, JOHN WELSH, President Centennial Board of Finance. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General U, S. Centennial Commission. PHILADELPHIA, September r, 1875. INFORMATION CONCERNING THE OFFICIAL CATALOGUE. For the guidance of publishers desiring to estimate the cost and profits of the Official Catalogue, the following data have been compiled : 1. The number of admissions at the Paris Exhibition of 1867 was 9,238,967, at the Vienna Exhibition of 1873 it was 6,740,511. Those who have examined the facilities of access to Philadelphia and the numbers of surrounding population, estimate the probable admissions at the Exhibition at 10,000,000. 2. At the Paris Exhibition there were 42,217 exhibitors and 52,798 entries in the Cata- logue; at Vienna 43,611 exhibitors and 46,707 entries. The Paris Catalogue filled 1537 pages, the Vienna 1028. Assuming that there will be 40,000 exhibitors and 50,000 entries at the Centennial Exhibition, and allowing 35 entries to a page, the Catalogue will consist of some 1 200 pages. 3. The Catalogue will be divided into four parts or volumes, containing enumerations of the objects in (i) the Main Building, (2) the Machinery Building, (3) the Art Gallery, and (4) the Agricultural and Horticultural Buildings, besides objects which, for special reasons, are not installed in the buildings, but will be enumerated in the appropriate volume. The parts will thus be of an average size of 300 pages, not too large for a pocket edition. 4. The delivery of the manuscript for the American department of the Catalogue will l>e commenced on or before December I, 1875, and continued as rapidly as possible. That for foreign departments is required of their Commissioners, by the general regulations, before December I, 1875. ^ h 35 been the case, however, at previous exhibitions that unforeseen delays have occurred in receiving the foreign lists. 5. The size and typographical arrangement determined upon for the Catalogue are indicated by the annexed specimen pages.* [No. 132.] CIRCULAR. Applications for space in the buildings and grounds of the International Exhibition of 1876 must be made prior to October 30, 1875. This notice does not include applications for space for the exhibition of Live-Stock and Fruits. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. PHILADELPHIA, October i, 1875. [No. 137.] THE SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES. REPORT OF HON. N. M. BECKWITH, COMMISSIONER FROM NEW YORK. At a regular meeting of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission, held at Philadelphia, October 13, 1875, Mr. Beckwith, Commissioner from New York (United States Commissioner-General nt the International Exhibition at Paris, * Appended were specimens pf the pages of the Official Catalogue. 68 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official 1867), presented the following report upon the selection and appointment of Judges. It in *' was carefully considered and unanimously approved. REPORT. HONORABLE D. J. MORRELL, Chairman of the Executive Committee : SIR, In compliance with the request of the Executive Committee, I beg leave to pre- sent for consideration the following suggestions relating to the selection and appointment of Judges, in conformity with the method of awards decreed by the Centennial Commission. This method, in many respects, differs radically from the systems hitherto tried in International Exhibitions, and although the subject is familiar to you, I shall be pardoned, I hope, for briefly indicating the broad differences. Awards have heretofore been generally made by an International Jury of about 600 members. The apportionment of jurors to countries has been tried on various bases, but was usually made on the basis of the relative space occupied by the products of each country respectively in the Exhibition. The Great Jury was divided into numerous small juries, who examined the products and prepared lists of the names of persons whom they proposed for awards, and the proposals thus made were confirmed or rejected by higher juries. The awards consisted chiefly of medals of different values, gold, silver, etc. This system brought together a numerous and incongruous assembly, including unavoid- ably many individuals unqualified for the work. The basis of representation was apparently fair, but its results were delusive. A few countries nearest the Exhibition, whose products could be collected and exposed at the smallest proportional expense, occupied large spaces ; the numerous remote countries filled smaller spaces. The number of jurors allotted to the smaller spaces, when distributed, left them without jurors on most classes, and in the remainder with only a minority which, in voting on awards, had no weight, and the awards were thus in effect decreed by the few contiguous countries whose products filled the largest spaces. Written reports on the products were not usually made by juries, and if made, were not generally published, consequently no person outside of the jury was informed on what ground awards were made. The medals, when distributed, were as silent as the verdicts; moral responsibility for the decisions attached to no one, and the awards thus made conveyed as little useful information, and carried as little weight, as anonymous work usually carries. Medals, at best, are enigmas. They express nothing exactly and definitely relative to the products exhibited; their allegorical designs doubtless have a meaning in the mind of the artist who makes them, but allegorical designs are primitive and feeble language, and the medal of to-day is no more than its predecessor, a school-boy token, verdicts upon products determined by majority votes of juries in which the producing countries are often represented by useless minorities, awards based upon anonymous reports, or reports never published, and final decisions announced and recorded in the vague and mystic language of medals, have not proved satisfactory to producers nor to the public. As regards the diffusion of reliable and useful information, International Exhibitions have not come fully up to expectations and to the promise implied in the great labor and great expenses which they involved, and the wide-spread dissatisfaction which has uniformly followed the close of jury-work, affords in itself strong evidence that the system is not well adapted to the purposes of International Exhibitions. The method of awards adopted by the Centennial Commission differs from preceding systems. It dispenses with the International Jury and substitutes a body of 200 Judges, one-half foreign, chosen individually for their high qualifications. It dispenses, also, with the system of awards by graduated medals, and requires of the APPENDIX B. 69 Judges written reports on the inherent and comparative merits of each product thought Official worthy of an award, setting forth the properties and qualities, presenting the considerations * orms forming the ground of the award, and avouching each report by the signature of their authors. The professional judgment and moral responsibility of the Judges being thus involved, assures the integrity of their reports. As awards to exhibitors, such reports will be more valuable than medals, in proportion to the greater amount of reliable information which they convey to the public. Their collected republication, as hand-books, will form valu- able guides for all classes to the most advanced products of every country, and, last and least, the sales of them can hardly fail to return to the Commission a good portion of their cost. The success of this method obviously depends on the judicious selection of the Judges, and to this point I desire to call particular attention. In this connection it may be remarked that the best judges of products are not usually found among their producers, but among their consumers. To select a wine, for example, of particular character, one would not apply to wine- growers, but to dealers and consumers. On the merits of an engine you would prefer the opinion of the engineer who uses it to that of the engineer who invented or made it. The sugars and coffees of Brazil, Cuba, Java, etc., are best judged in the great markets of con- sumption. In brief, the food products of the world find their most accurate appreciation, as regards their inherent qualities and comparative merits, in the great consuming markets, where similar products from all regions are gathered, and the practical judgment of the using and consuming public is pronounced, from which there is no appeal. The principle in this applies not only to raw products, but in a general sense to manufactures and to industrial products of all kinds in general use. In this view of the subject, the method of awards adopted by the Centennial Commis- sion presents the great advantage that it is judicial rather than representative, and the Commission is perfectly free to select Judges from the best sources, regardless of localities. The men to seek for are those who, by their ability, education, character, and experi- ence are fittest for the work, and they will be less difficult to find than to obtain, being generally employed, and frequently connected with large industries, important works, and the higher institutions to which their superior qualifications have led them. Freedom to choose our Judges from the best sources cannot fail to produce good results if the selection be made upon proper investigation, with suitable care and without favor. The announcement of this method of awards has been received in foreign countries, as far as heard from, with expressions of distinct approbation, and there can be no doubt that they will select and bring to us their hundred Judges, who will be distinguished by their reliable and solid qualifications, and it is incumbent on us to select a body of men of char- acter, able and expert in their respective callings, and equal in attainments and experience to our foreign co-operatives, with whom our own will be intimately associated. I need hardly add that the useful results and success of our Exhibition and the public satisfaction which it should produce, as well as the reputation of this Commission, as practical and sensible men, depend largely on the selection of our Judges, and finally upon their organization and work. ************** Respectfully submitted, N. M. BECKWITH. NEW YORK, October 9, 1875. JO INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Official [No. 140.] Forms. SELECTION OF JUDGES. i75. PHILADELPHIA, October 28, 1875. To DEAR SIR, The undersigned are a special committee of the Executive Committee, charged with certain duties concerning the System of Awards, and the selection and appointment of Judges under that system. We send you herewith, 1. The pamphlet edition of the System of Classification. [No. 112.] 2. Circular No. 92, upon the System of Awards. 3. Circular No. 137, Commissioner Beckwith's explanatory report upon the System of Awards, and the selection and appointment of Judges. Your special attention is invited to the last-named circular. It is the earnest desire of the Centennial Commission to select a body of Judges who shall command respect by reason of their undoubted character and qualifications, and whose combined reports shall form a memorable record of the present status of art and science, and of the productive industries of all countries. Your zealous co-operation is solicited, and you are respectfully requested to send us a list of persons qualified by character, studies, ability, and experience for posi- tions as Judges, gentlemen of recognized authority in their several departments. Unless your nominees are persons of such general reputation as to render it needless, please give the full name, rank or title, age, profession or calling, special studies, and quali- fications of each, and indicate any important work he may have performed. Numerous lists of nominations will no doubt be received, but only one hundred Judges can be selected from them, and it is desired that you shall not communicate your nomina- tions to the persons you name, who may or may not be finally chosen. All the names will be submitted to the Executive Committee for its final action. This communication will be addressed to all United States Commissioners and Alter- nates, and to a limited number of eminent gentlemen not officially connected with the Commission, whose kind advice we may venture to ask. It is not intended for publication, and your replies will be treated confidentially. Very respectfully, your obedient servants, JOS. R. HAWLEY, President U. S. Centennial Commission, ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Director- General, g mitll Vauter,John Brownfield. First District: Hamilton Smith, Charles Viele Second District : Washington C. De Pauw, Jesse J. Brown. Third District : Thomas Gaff, James B. Foley. Fourth District: George C. Clark, Jesse P. Siddall. Fifth District: William Wallace, Theodore R. Haughey. Sixth District : R. W. Thompson, John J. Key. Seventh District : William H. Levering, Henry Y. Morrison. Eighth District : Herman E. Sterne, James L. Evans. Ninth District : Jesse L. Williams, David Kilgore. Tenth District : John B. Howe, David Rippy. Eleventh District : George Milburn, Sidney Keith. For additional District : John W. Grubbs, Godlove S. Orth. Iowa. At large: Samuel Murdock, L. W. Ross, J. M. Shaffer, F. R. West. First Dis- trict: James Putnam, Arthur Bridgman. Second District: Milo Smith, John Helsinger. Third District : Benjamin B. Richards, James H. Easton. Fourth District : S. H. Curtis, J. B. Powers. Fifth District : John F. Ely, John P. Irish. Sixth District : H. S. Wirtslow, H. Tannehill. Seventh District: B. F. Murray, P. Gad Bryan. Eighth District: William Hale, Wayne Stennitt. Ninth District : E. R. Kirk, N. B. Hyatt. Kansas. Orrin T. Welch, Edward Blair, H. W. Gillett, George A. Crawford, Jacob Stotler, William A. Phillips, E. P. Purcell, Charles Robinson, F. G. Adams, James De Long. Kentucky. At large : Lucius Desha, Ignatius Spaulding, J. Stoddard Johnson, William W. Beckham. First District : J. C. Gilbert, F. W. Darby. Second District : Lucius P. Little, W. W. Kendall. Third District : John Burnham, A. G. Rhea. Fourth District : John M. Atherton, James Montgomery. Fifth District: John G. Baxter, R. S. Veech. Sixth District : James B. Casey, Joseph C. Hughes. Seventh District : Sanford Lyne, Robert Gayle. Eighth District : Jayson Walker, Thomas W. Varnon. Ninth District : Joseph Gardner, A. Daniel. Tenth District : Thornton F. Marshall, James L. Warring. Louisiana. At large : Isaac N. Marks, William D. Wylie, C. H. Slocomb, John R. Clay, Elbert Gault, Moses H. Crowell. First District : Effingham Lawrence, C. E. Girardey. Second District: S. H. Kennedy, A. D. Voisin. Third District: A. J. Sypher, B. T. Beauregard. Fourth District : George Williamson, A. B. Levisse. Fifth District : A. W. Merriam, J. Frank Pargoud. Maine. At large : Abner Coburn, Philander J. Carleton, Henry E. Prentiss, William L. Putnam. First District: Joshua L. Chamberlain, William P. Haines. Second District: Josiah G. Coburn, James T. Patten. Third District : Anson P. Morrill, Edmund Wilson. Fourth District : George W. Ladd, Charles Shaw. Fifth District : Charles B. Paine, Charles B. Hazeltine. Maryland. At large : Daniel R. Magruder, Henry Tyson, Ferdinand C. Latrobe, Thomas A. Spencer. First District : Isaac C. W. Powell, James N. Dennis. Second Dis- trict : Alexander Evans, Edward Spencer. Third District : James A. Henderson, William M. Marine. Fourth District: P. P. Pendleton, Enoch Pratt. Fifth District: Thomas Donaldson, Eli I. Henkle. Sixth District : J. Alfred Ritter, R. D. Johnson. Massachtisetts. At large : Robert C. Winthrop, Alexander H. Bullock, William Claflin, John M. Forbes. First District : William J. Rotch, J. B. D. Cogswell. Second District : Theodore Dean, Charles H. French. Third District : Alexander H. Rice, William Lloyd Garrison. Fourth District : Charles L. Wooclbury, Rufus S. Frost. Fifth District : Addi- son Gilbert, William N. Gushing. Sixth District : Cyrus Wakefield, George O. Brastow. Seventh District : Daniel S. Richardson, Leverett Saltonstall. Eighth District : P. Emery Aldrich, Daniel Waldo Lincoln. Ninth District : H. S. Knight, Charles A. Stevens. Tenth District : Ensign H. Kellogg, Chester W. Chapin. For additional District : J. Wiley Edmands, Emory Washburn. Michigan. At large : D. H. Jerome, F. B. Stockbridge, Hezekiah G. Wells, George Willard. First District : Ben Vernor, George F. Bagley. Second District : E. O. Gros- venor, C. H. Miller. Third District: Amos Root, Henry C. Lewis. Fourth District: Germain H. Mason, F. W. Curteniu<=. Fifth District : Hampton Rich, Charles T. Hill. Sixth District: W. M. McConnell, E. H. Thomson. Seventh District: John Divine, APPENDIX C. I0 5 Henry Stephens. Eighth District : Alfred F. R. Braley, James Shearer. Ninth District : Government Hiram A. Burt, Perry Hannah. Minnesota. At large : H. H. Sibley, Thomas Foster, Thomas Simpson, E. A. McMahon. First District : Sherman Page, H. H. Johnson. Second District : Ignatius Donnelly, George W. Batchelder. Third District : Russel Blakely, Paris Gibson. Mississippi. At large : E. G. Peyton, J. F. Simmons, H. R. Pease, Samuel Young. First District : E. C. Gillenwaters, Paul Barrenger. Second District : Marion Campbell, S. S. Fairfield. Third District : A. P. Huggins, Robert Gleed. Fourth District : J. A. P. Campbell, A. Warner. Fifth District : James M. McKee, Charles Caldwell. Sixth District : John R. Lynch, John D. Moore. Missouri. At large: Samuel L. Sawyer, William H. Newland, William G. Elliott, C. F. Lohman. First District : Henry Overstolz, W. H. Stone. Second District : Henry T. Blow, A. Krieckhaus. Third District : Ed. Harrison, A. D. Leach. Fourth District : N. H. Dale, P. S. Sinclair. Fifth District : Nelson C. Burch, A. D. Jaynes. Sixth Dis- trict : E. H. Norton, Alexander W. Doniphan. Seventh District : William R. Penick, Philip A. Thompson. Eighth District : John M. Glover, John H. Williams. Ninth Dis- trict : William A. Alexander, Charles R. Harden. For four additional Districts : L. J. Matthews, Joseph L. Stephens, J. P. Strother, Thomas D. Neal, Arthur B. Barrett, James Shields, Louis V. Bogy, Samuel Gaty. Montana. Granville Stuart, Frank Culver. Nebraska. At large : John I. Redick, J. B. Weston, D. Remick, A. J. Cropsy. First District: E. H. Rogers, Alvin Saunders. Nevada. At large: F. A. Fritle, J. W. Haines, C. H. Eastman, Benjamin H. Meader. First District: Frank Tilford, S. H. Wright. New Hampshire. At large : Person C. Cheeney, George W. Burleigh, Dexter Richards, David Gillis. First District: Albert R. Hatch, Samuel M. Wheeler. Second District: James A. Weston, George T. Sawyer. Third District: Harry Bingham, Samuel W. Hale. New Jersey. At large: Joel Parker, Charles S. Olden, Marcus L. Ward, Theodore F. Randolph. First District: Thomas H. Whitney, Thomas R. McKeen. Second District: Charles Hewitt, Gershom Mott. Third District : James Bishop, Amos Clark, Jr. Fourth District: William Cowen, Charles Sitgreaves. Fifth District: Louis B. Cobb, Abram S. Hewitt. Sixth District: Thomas B. Peddie, George Peters. Seventh District: Benjamin G. Clark, Aenas Fitzpatrick. New Mexico. A. P. Sullivan, C. P. Clever. New York. At large: George Opclyke, Andrew D. White, Ira Harris, John A. King, Philo Remington, Perrin H. McGraw. First District: Stephen Taber, Erastus Brooks. Second District: Alexander Cunningham, William P. Libby. Third District: Edward Rowe, William I. Buddington. Fourth District : Robert Macoy, George Ricard. Fifth District: E. J. Shandly, James Hays. Sixth District: John A. Hardenbergh, Douglas Taylor. Seventh District: Herman Uhl, Charles E. Loew. Eighth District: Edward Cooper, William C. Barrett. Ninth District: Matthew T. Brennan, Henry W. Genet. Tenth District : Saxton Smith, William H. Robertson. Eleventh District : John Conkling, James W. Taylor. Twelfth District : John P. Adriance, Charles H. Stott. Thirteenth Dis- trict: J. H. Meech, Thomas Cornell. Fourteenth District: Robert Waterman, Joseph C. Y. Page. Fifteenth District: A. H. Griswold, C. R. Ingalls. Sixteenth District: George V. Hoyle, Winslow C. Watson. Seventeenth District : W'illiam Andrus, Edwin W. Foster. Eighteenth District: Thomas B. Mitchell, Horace E. Smith. Nineteenth District: Henry R. Mygatt, James H. Graham. Twentieth District : William W. Taggart, Henry E. Tur- ner. Twenty-first District : Samuel Campbell, P. C. Costello. Twenty-second District : Henry Ten Eyck, A. H. Failing. Twenty-third District : R. Nelson Gere, Conrad Shoe- maker. Twenty-fourth District : Alexander Gilchrist, Fred. L. Manning. Twenty-fifth District: Archibald Kennedy, James C. Smith. Twenty-sixth District: Abraham Law- rence, Benjamin N. Loomis. Twenty-seventh District: Rufus Scott, S. M. Thatcher. 106 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Government Twenty-eighth District: Joseph M. Cornell, James H. Kelley. Twenty-ninth District: Benjamin Pringle, Thomas T. Flagler. Thirtieth District : Pascal P. Pratt, William G. Fargo. Thirty -first District ; Alonzo F. Hawley, Charles D. Murray. For two additional Districts : John P. Acker, Daniel Pratt, Socrates N. Sherman, Winfield S. Cameron. North Carolina. At large : D. M. Barringer, E. R. Spaulding, \V. M. Shipp, Louis Milliard. First District : Walter Clark, John M. Bateman. Second District : John Rob- inson, John Norfleet. Third District : Edward Kidder, John D. Williams. Fourth Dis- trict : Kemp P. Battle, Isaac J. Young. Fifth District : A. M. Scales, Montford McGee. Sixth District : H. W. Guion, David Schenck. Seventh District: Joseph W. Hall, N. S. Williams. Eighth District : W. W. Rollins, Thomas L. Clingman. Ohio.M large : Edward F. Noyes, B. F. Wade, William Allen, William S. Groesbeck, Martin Welker, Peter Odlin. First District : Anthony D. Bullock, Herbert Jenny. Sec- ond District : John K. Green, Charles Reemelin. Third District : Ed. A. Parrott, Durbin Ward. Fourth District: James Taylor, Geo. Keifer. Fifth District: William Sawyer, Charles C. Marshall. Sixth District : James Wilson, William O' Collins. Seventh District : William Dennison, Richard A. Harrison. Eighth District : Willard S. Hickox, Isaac H Pennock. Ninth District : E. B. Saddler, John Gardiner : Tenth District : Richard Mott, W. V. Way. Eleventh District : Cyrus Ellison, L. C. Damarin. Twelfth District : Wil- liam L. Sullivant, W. Marshall Anderson. Thirteenth District : Charles Cooper, William P. Reid. Fourteenth District: Harrison G. Blake, Norton S. Townsend. Fifteenth Dis- trict : Valentine B. Horton, Joshua Davis. Sixteenth District : Charles P. Dewey, William M. Farrar. Seventeenth District : Cornelius Aultman, Joel Sharp. Eighteenth District : Amos Townsend, Lewis Miller. Nineteenth District : Henry B. Perkins, M. C. Canfield. Oregon. At large : A. B. Meacham, S. Ellsworth, T. F. McPatten, L. F. Lane. First District : A. C. Gibbs, A. H. Brown. Pennsylvania. At large : Edwin H. Fitler, Jonathan R. Lowrie, William Colder, Wil- liam M. Lyon, John H. Michener, Dr. Joshua Y. Jones. First District : R. Rundle Smith, Robert Nebinger. Second District: Joseph F. Tobias, Charles J. Stille. Third District : John L. Shoemaker, Henry D. Welsh. Fourth District : Matthew Baird, Wil- liam Sellers. Fifth District : Lucius P. Thompson, H. T. Darlington. Sixth District : John Tracy, George H. Rupp. Seventh District : S. B. Worth, James M. Wilcox. Eighth District : Isaac Eckert, Henry Bushong. Ninth District : James Myers, George M. Stein- man. Tenth District : Benjamin Bannan, G. Dawson Coleman. Eleventh District : S. S. Dreher, E. J. Fox. Twelfth District : D. W. Hollenback, J. B. McCollom. Thirteenth District: M. C. Mercur, Thomas Beaver. Fourteenth District: William Cameron, Henry McCormick. Fifteenth District: C. J. T. Mclntire, John Gibson. Sixteenth District: Henry J. Stahle, Samuel Philson. Seventeenth District : David McMurtrie, David Wat- son. Eighteenth District: M. F. Elliott, H. C. Parsons. Nineteenth District: William L. Scott, John Patton. Twentieth District : James Pierce, Joseph H. Marston. Twenty-first District: H. P. Laird, Silas M. Clark. Twenty-second District: Alexander Bradley, C. W. Batchelor. Twenty-third District : James M. Cooper, J. N. Purviance. Twenty-fourth District : George C. Reis, W. T. H. Pauley. For two additional Districts : John W. Forney, Charles M. Hall, Alfred Hindekooper, Daniel M. Fox. Rhode Island. At large : William L. Slater, Albert S. Gallup, Ambrose E. Burnside, James Y. Smith. First District : Charles S. Bradley, John O. Waterman. Second District : George H. Browne, Horace Babcock. South Carolina. At large : John D. Caldwell. Alva Gage, Stanley G. Trott, James D. Treadwell. First District : C. W. Dudley, S. A. Swails. Second District : W. H. Bernie, Henry Buist. Third District : F. L. Cardozo, L. Cass Carpenter. Fourth District : A. W. Cummings, Y. J. P. Owens. Tennessee. At large : John C. Brown, W. H. Stephens, John Netherland, A. B. Shank- land, David A. Nunn, M. V. Nash. First District: M. S. Temple, W. C. Kyle. Second District : Jacob R. Ludlow, James M. Meek. Third District : James Sevier, M. L. McCon- APPENDIX C. I0 ; nell. Fourth District: James B. Lamb, John W. Burton. Fifth District: John W. Head, Government Robert Cantrell. Sixth District: A. M. Looney, Thomas McNeilly. Seventh District: a( D. N. Kennedy, James D. Porter. Eighth District : G. B. Black, F. B. Ragland. Ninth District : M. D. L. Stewart, Isaac M. Steele. Texas. M large : W. K. Marshall, S. W. March, Ashbel Smith, Frederick Peterson. First District : E. B. Picket, John C. Robertson. Second District : E. W. Taylor, S. Hare. Third District : Richard Coke, Jerome B. Robertson. Fourth District : Joseph D. Sayers, John Ireland. For two additional Districts : C. C. Binkley, John J. Good, Peter W. Gray, F. L. Stockdale. Utah. Abraham O. Smoot, Horace S. Eldredge. Vermont. Horace Fairbanks, Lawrence Brainard, Lawrence Barnes, George A. Mer- rill, H. G. Root, Jacob Estey, Luther Baker, Frederick Billings, Henry Chase, Henry Lane. Virginia. At large : John L. Marye, John A. Campbell, C. Y. Thomas, Lewis Webb. First District : Louis C. H. Finney, John T. Seawell. Second District : Andrew Wash- burne, James M. Donnan. Third District : Samuel F. Maddox, Joseph M. Humphries. Fourth District : George H. Southall, W. W. Forbes. Fifth District : William L. Cochran, Thomas Whitehead. Sixth District: Moses Walton, John Letcher. Seventh District: Robert Y. Conrad, Hugh W. Sheflfy. Eighth District : Edgar Snowden, Matthew Harrison. Ninth District : R. T. Bowen, James W. Sheffey. West Virginia. At large : Henry K. List, James H. Brown, J. N. Camden, Thomas Sweeney. First District: Lewis Applegate, Jonathan M. Bennett. Second District: Francis H. Pierpont, J. Nelson Wisner. Third District : William A. Quarrier, J. M. Mc- Whorter. Wisconsin. At large : C. C. Washburne, Alexander Mitchell, Tim. O. Howe, Charles A. Eldridge. First District: J. J. Case, James H. Howe. Second District: D. Hall, Joshua J. Guppey. Third District : John Lawler, J. C. Halloway. Fourth District : Angus Smith, D. W. Maxon. Fifth District: Charles Burchard, Joseph Vilas. Sixth District : Andrew E. Elmore, Samuel Hay. Seventh District : Dudley A. Spaulding, D. A. Baldwin. Eighth District : Thad. C. Pound, Walter D. Mclndo. Washington. Selucius Garfielde, Toussaint Mesplie. Wyoming. William A. Carter, John A. Campbell. SEC. 2. That the said corporation shall have authority, and is hereby empowered to secure subscriptions of capital stock to an amount not exceeding ten million dollars, to be divided into shares of ten dollars each, and to issue to the subscribers of said stock cer- tificates therefor under the corporate seal of said corporation, which certificates shall bear the signature of the President and Treasurer, and be transferable under such rules and regulations as may be made for the purpose. And it shall be lawful for any municipal or other corporate body existing by or under the laws of the United States to subscribe and pay for shares of said capital stock ; and all holders of said stock shall become associates in said corporation, and shall be entitled to one vote on each share. And it shall be the duty of the United States Centennial Commission to prescribe rules to enable absent stock- holders to vote by proxy. The proceeds of said stock, together with the receipts from all other sources, shall be used by siid corporation for the erection of suitable buildings, with their appropriate fixtures and appurtenances, and for all other expenditures required in carrying out the objects of the said Act of Congress of March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and which may be incident thereto. And the said corporation shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings, and full accounts, with the vouchers thereof, of all the receipts and expenditures, and the snme shall be always open to the inspection of the United States Centennial Commission, or any members thereof. SEC. 3. The books of subscription shall be opened by the United States Centennial Commission, under such rules as it may prescribe; and an opportunity shall be given, during a period of one hundred days, to the citizens of each State and Territory to sub- 108 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Government scribe for stock to an amount not exceeding its quota, according to its population ; after which period of one hundred days, stock not taken may be sold to any person or persons or corporation willing to purchase the same. SEC. 4. That after the expiration of said period of one hundred days, the United States Centennial Commission shall issue a call for a meeting by publication in one or more newspapers published at the capital of each State and Territory, not less than thirty days prior thereto, of the corporators and all others who may then have subscribed for stock, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, for the purpose of electing a Board of Directors, to consist of twenty-five stockholders, whose term of office shall be one year, and until their successors shall have been qualified ; at which meeting those who may be present in person or by proxy, of whom one hundred shall constitute a quorum, shall be competent to organize and elect said officers. The said Board of Directors, and every subsequent Board, shall be chosen by the stockholders, out of a list of one hundred stockholders, selected and nominated by the United States Centennial Commission. Nine members of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but no elec- tion or change of officers shall take place unless at a meeting of the Board of Directors at which a majority shall be present. SEC. 5. That the said Board of Directors shall elect, from its own number, a presi- dent and two vice-presidents, whose term of office shall be one year, and until their suc- cessors shall have been duly qualified, and shall appoint a treasurer, a secretary, and such other officers as may be required to carry out the purposes of the corporation ; which elected and appointed officers shall hold their respective offices during the pleasure of the Board, receiving such compensation as the Board may prescribe. And the Board shall also adopt such by-laws, rules, and regulations for its own government, and for the government of its officers, as may be deemed expedient ; Provided, That the same shall not be inconsistent with any Act of Congress or the rules adopted by the United States Centennial Commission. SEC. 6. That as soon as the Board of Directors shall have been duly organized, as provided for in section five of this Act, it shall be the duty of the United States Centennial Commission to deliver to the said Board all stock subscription-books, with the papers and records of any kind in its possession, pertaining to the same. SEC. 7. That the grounds for the Exhibition shall be prepared, and the buildings erected, by the said corporation, in accordance with the plans, which shall have been pre- viously adopted by the United States Centennial Commission, and the rules and regulations of said corporation, governing rates for " entrance" and " admission" fees, or otherwise affecting the rights, privileges, or interests of the exhibitors, or of the public, shall be fixed and established by the United States Centennial Commission ; and no grant conferring rights or privileges of any description connected with the said grounds or buildings, or re- lating to said Exhibition or celebration, shall be made without the consent of the United States Centennial Commission ; and said Commission shall have power to control, change, or revoke all such grants, and shall appoint all judges and examiners, and award all premiums. SEC. 8. That the Centennial Board of Finance shall have authority to issue bonds, not in excess of its capital stock, and secure the payment of the same, principal and interest, by mortgage upon its property and prospective income. SEC. 9. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, as soon as practicable after the passage of this Act, to cause to be prepared, in accordance with a design approved by the United States Centennial Commission and the Secretary of the Treasury, a sufficient number of certificates of stock to meet the requirements of this Act ; and any person found guilty of counterfeiting, or attempting to counterfeit, or know- ingly circulating false certificates of stock, herein authorized, shall be subject to the same pains and penalties as are or may be provided by law for counterfeiting United States cur- rency; but nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to create any liability of the United States, direct or indirect, for any debt or obligation incurred, nor for any claim, by the Cen- tennial International Exhibition, or the corporation hereby created, for aid or pecuniary APPENDIX C. I0 9 assistance from Congress or the Treasury of the United States, in support or liquidation of Government any debts or obligations created by the corporation herein authorized : And provided, That actl nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to override or interfere with the laws of any State ; and all contracts made in any State for the purposes of the Centennial International Exhibition shall be subject to the laws thereof: And provided further, That no member of said Centennial Board of Finance assumes any personal liability for any debt or obligation which may be created or incurred by the corporation authorized by this Act. SEC. 10. That as soon as practicable after the said Exhibition shall have been closed, it shall be the duty of said corporation to convert its property into cash, and, after the payment of all its liabilities, to divide its remaining assets among its stockholders, pro rata, in full satisfaction and discharge of its capital stock. And it shall be the duty of the United States Centennial Commission to supervise the closing up of the affairs of said cor poration, to audit its accounts, and submit, in a report to the President of the United States, the financial results of the Centennial Exhibition. SEC. II. That the Commission created by the Act referred to in the preamble of this Act is hereby made and constituted a body politic and corporate in law, with power to do such acts and to enter into such obligations as may be promotive of the purposes for which such Commission was established. Its title shall be the United States Centennial Commission. It shall have a common and corporate seal, and possess all the rights inci- dent to corporate existence. SEC. 12. That the Alternate Commissioners, appointed pursuant to section four of the Act approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, referred to in the preamble to this Act, shall have all the powers of a Commissioner when the Commissioner is not present at any meeting. When the Commissioner is present the Alternate may participate in the debates and serve on committees, but shall have no vote. The appointment of all the Commissioners and Alternate Commissioners made since March third, eighteen hun- dred and seventy-two, are hereby ratified and confirmed ; and all vacancies now existing, or which may hereafter exist, whether by death, resignation, removal from the State or Territory, or otherwise, shall be filled, at any time hereafter, in like manner as is provided in said Act of March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the appointment of Commissioners. SEC. 13. That it shall be the duty of the United States Centennial Commission to make report, from time to time, to the President of the United States, of the progress of the work, and in a final report present a full exhibit of the result of the United States Cen- tennial Celebration and Exhibition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six. Approved June i, 1872. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. December 2, 1872. In accordance with the terms of the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, providing for the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American independence, a Commis- sion has been organized, consisting of two members from each of the States and Territories. This Commission has held two sessions, and has made satisfactory progress in the organiza- tion and in the initiatory steps necessary for carrying out the provisions of the Act, and for executing also the provisions of the Act of June I, 1872, creating a Centennial Board of Finance. A preliminary report of progress has been received from the President of the Commission, and is herewith transmitted. It will be the duty of the Commission at your coming session to transmit a full report of the progress made, and to lay before you the details relating to the exhibition of American and foreign arts, products, and manufactures, which, by the terms of the Act, is to be held under the auspices of the Government of the United States, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876. IIO INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Government This celebration will be looked forward to by American citizens with great interest, as action. marking a century of greater progress and prosperity than is recorded in the history of any other nation, and as serving a further good purpose in bringing together, on our soil, peoples of all the commercial nations of the earth, in a manner calculated to insure international good feeling. PROCLAMATION: BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. July 3, 1873. Whereas by the Act of Congress, approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy- one, providing for a National Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Inde- pendence of the United States, by the holding of an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, it is provided as follows : " That whenever the President shall be informed by the Governor of the State of Penn- sylvania that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings for the purpose, and for the exclusive control by the Commission herein provided for of the proposed Ex- hibition, the President shall, through the Department of State, make proclamation of the same, setting forth the time at which the Exhibition will open, and the place at which it will be held ; and he shall communicate to the diplomatic representatives of all nations copies of the same, together with such regulations as may be adopted by the Commissioners, for publication in their respective countries ;" And whereas, His Excellency the Governor of the said State of Pennsylvania did, on the twenty-fourth day of June, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, inform me that pro- vision has been made for the erection of said buildings, and for the exclusive control by the Commission provided for in the said Act of the proposed Exhibition; And whereas, the President of the United States Centennial Commission has officially informed me of the dates fixed for the opening and closing of the said Exhibition, and the place at which it is to be held : Now, therefore, be it known that I, ULYSSES S. GRANT, President of the United States, in conformity with the provisions of the Act of Congress aforesaid, do hereby declare and proclaim that there will be held, at the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to be opened on the nineteenth day of April, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- six, and to be closed on the nineteenth day of October, in the same year. And in the interest of peace, civilization, and domestic and international friendship and intercourse, I commend the celebration and Exhibition to the people of the United States ; and in behalf of this Government and people, I cordially commend them to all nations who may be pleased to take part therein. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this third day of July, one thousand eight [SEAL.] hundred and seventy -three, and of the Independence of the United States the ninety-seventh. U. S. GRANT. By the President : HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State. APPENDIX C. 1 1 [ EXECUTIVE ORDER Government action. BY THE PRESIDENT OF TH2 UNITED STATES. January 23, 1874. Whereas it has been brought to the notice of the President of the United States that in the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to be held in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1876, for the purpose of celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the Independence of the United States, it is desirable that from the Executive Departments of the Government of the United States in which there may be articles suitable for the purpose intended there should appear such articles and materials as ' will, when presented in a collective exhibition, illustrate the functions and administrative faculties of the Government in time of peace, and its resources as a war power, and thereby serve to demonstrate the nature of our institutions and their adaptation to the wants of the people. Now, for the purpose of securing a complete and harmonious arrangement of the articles and materials designed to be exhibited from the Executive Department of the Government, it is ordered that a Board, to be composed of one person to be named by the head of each of the Executive Departments which may have articles and materials to be exhibited, and also of one person to be named in behalf of the Smithsonian Institution, and one to be named in the behalf of the Department of Agriculture, be charged with the preparation, arrangement, and safe-keeping of such articles and materials as the heads of the several Departments and the Commissioner of Agriculture and the Director of the Smithsonian Institution may respectively decide shall be embraced in the collection ; that one of the persons thus named, to be designated by the President, shall be chairman of such Board, and that the Board appoint from their own number such other officers as they may think necessaiy, and that the said Board when organized shall be authorized under the direction of the President to confer with the executive officers of the Centennial Exhibition in relation to such matters connected with -the subject as may pertain to the respective Departments having articles and materials on exhibition, and that the names of the persons thus selected by the heads of the several Departments, the Commissioner of Agriculture, and the Director of the Smithsonian Institution, shall be submitted to the President for designation. By order of the President. HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State. WASHINGTON, January 23, 1874. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. February 25, 1874. To THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: I have the honor, herewith, to submit the report of the Centennial Commissioners, and to add a word in the way of recommendation. There have now been International Exhibitions held by three of the great powers of Europe. It seems fitting that the one hundredth anniversary of our independence should be marked by an event that will display to the world the growth and progress of a nation devoted to freedom, and to the pursuit of fame, fortune, and honors by the lowest citizen as well as the highest. A failure in this enterprise would be deplorable. Success can be assured by arousing public opinion to the importance of the occasion. To secure this end, in my judgment, congressional legislation is necessary to make the Exhibition both national and international. The benefits to be derived from a successful International Exhibition are manifold. It will necessarily be accompanied by expenses beyond the receipts from the Exhibition itself; but they will be compensated for, many fold, by the commingling of people from all sec- tions of our own country; by bringing together the people of different nationalities; by j 1 2 INTERNA TIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Government bringing into juxtaposition, for ready examination, our own and foreign skill and progress in manutactures, agriculture, art, science, and civilization. The selection of the site for the Exhibition seems to me appropriate from the fact that one hundred years before the date fixed for the Exhibition the Declaration of Independence which launched us into the galaxy of nations as an independent people emanated from the same spot. We have much in our varied climate, soil, mineral products, and skill of which advan- tage can be taken by other nationalities to their profit. In return they will bring to our shores works of their skill, and familiarize our people with them, to the mutual advantage of all parties. Let us have a complete success in our Centennial Exhibition, or suppress it in its infancy,' acknowledging our inability to give it the international character to which our self-esteem aspires. U. S. GRANT. INVITATION TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. Approved June 5, 1874. Whereas, at various International Exhibitions which have been held in foreign countries, the United States have been represented in pursuance of invitations given by the Govern- ments of those countries, and accepted by our Government, therefore, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President be requested to extend, in the name of the United States, a respectful and cordial invitation to the Governments of other nations, to be repre- sented and take part in the International Exposition to be held at Philadelphia, under the auspices of the Government of the United States, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy- six ; Provided, however, That the United States shall not be liable, directly or indirectly, for any expenses attending such Exposition, or by reason of the same. ACT RELATING TO CENTENNIAL MEDALS. Approved June 16, 1874. AN ACT to atithorize medals commemorating the One Hundredth Anniversary of the first meeting of the Continental Congress, and the Declaration of Independence, provides as folloivs : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That medals with appropriate devices, emblems, and inscriptions, commemorative of the Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, be pre- pared at the Mint at Philadelphia for the Centennial Board of Finance, subject to the pro- visions of the fifty-second section of the Coinage Act of eighteen hundred and seventy- three, upon the payment of a sum not less than the cost thereof, and all the provisions, whether penal or otherwise, of said Coinage Act against the counterfeiting or imitating of coins of the United States shall apply to the medals struck and issued under the provisions of this Act. ACT RELATING TO DUTIES ON FOREIGN ARTICLES. Approved June 18, 1874. AN ACT to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six, provides as follows : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in C( ngress assembled, That all articles which shall be imported for the sole purpose of APPENDIX C. U3 exhibition at the International Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia, in the year Government eighteen hundred and seventy-six, shall be admitted without the payment of duty or of a customs fees, or charges, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe ; Provided, that all such articles as shall be sold in the United States or withdrawn for consumption therein, at any time after such importation, shall be subject to the duties, if any, imposed on like articles by the revenue laws in force at the date of importation ; And provided further, that in case any articles imported under the provisions of this Act, shall be withdrawn for consumption or shall be sold without payment of duty, as required by law, all the penalties prescribed by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced against such articles and against the persons who may be guilty of such withdrawal or sale. Approved June 18 ,1874. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. December 7, 1874. The report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, herewith, contains suggestions of much interest to the general public, and refers to the approaching Centennial and the part his Department is ready to take in it. I feel that the nation at large is interested in having this Exhibition a success, and commend to Congress such action as will secure a greater general interest in it. Already many foreign nations have signified their intention to be represented at it, and it may be expected that every civilized nation will be represented. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. January 26, 1875. To THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: I have the honor to transmit herewith, for the information of Congress, a report of the progress made to this date by the United States Centennial Commission, appointed in accordance with the requirements of the Act approved June I, 1872. U. S. GRANT. EXECUTIVE MANSION, January 26, 1875. EXTRACTS FROM THE MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. December 7, 1875. In submitting my seventh annual message to Congress, in this Centennial year of our national existence as a free and independent people, it affords me great pleasure to recur to the advancement that has been made from the time of the Colonies, one hundred years ago. We were then a people numbering only three millions. Now we number more than forty millions. Then industries were confined almost exclusively to the tillage of the soil. Now manufactories absorb much of the labor of the country. Our liberties remain unimpaired; the bondmen have been freed from slavery; we have become possessed of the respect, if not the friendship, of all civilized nations. Our pro- gress has been great in all the arts ; in science, agriculture, commerce, navigation, mining, mechanics, law, medicine, etc. ; and in general education the progress is likewise encour- aging. Our thirteen States have become thirty-eight, including Colorado (which has taken the initiatory steps to become a State), and eight Territories, including the Indian Terri- tory and Alaska, and excluding Colorado, making a territory extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. On the south we have extended to the Gulf of Mexico, and in the west from the Mississippi to the Pacific. One hundred years ago the cotton-gin, the steamship, the railroad, the telegraph, the 8 H4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Government reaping-, sewing-, and modern printing-machines, and numerous other inventions of scarcely action. j ess ya | ue to our business and happiness, were entirely unknown. Tn 1776 manufactories scarcely existed even in name in all this vast territory. In 1870 more than two millions of persons were employed in manufactories, producing more than $2,100,000,000 of products in amount annually, nearly equal to our national debt. From nearly the whole of the population of 1776 being engaged in the one occupation of agri- culture, in 1870 so numerous and diversified had become the occupation of our people that less than six millions out of more than forty millions were so engaged. The extraordinary effect produced in our country by a resort to diversified occupations has built a market for the products of fertile lands distant from the seaboard and the markets of the world. The American system of locating various and extensive manufactories next to the plow and the pasture, and adding connecting railroads and steamboats, has produced in our dis- tant interior country a result noticeable by the intelligent portions of all commercial na- tions. The ingenuity and skill of American mechanics have been demonstrated at home and abroad in a manner most flattering to their pride. But for the extraordinary genius and ability of our mechanics, the achievements of our agriculturists, manufacturers, and transporters throughout the country would have been impossible of attainment. The progress of the miner has also been great. Of coal our production was small ; now many millions of tons are mined annually. So with iron, which formed scarcely an appreciable part of our products half a century ago, we now produce more than the world consumed at the beginning of our national existence. Lead, zinc, and copper, from being articles of import, we may expect to be large exporters of in the near future. The devel- opment of gold and silver mines in the United States and Territories has not only been remarkable, but has had a large influence upon the business of all commercial nations. Our merchants in the last hundred years have had a success and have established a reputa- tion for enterprise, sagacity, progress, and integrity unsurpassed by peoples of older nation- alities. This "good name" is not confined to their homes, but goes out upon every sea and into every port where commerce enters. With equal pride we can point to our progress in all of the learned professions. As we are now about to enter upon our second centennial commencing our manhood as a nation it is well to look back upon the past and study what will be best to pre- serve and advance our future greatness. From the fall of Adam for his transgression to the present day, no nation has ever been free from threatened danger to its prosperity and hap- piness. We should look to the dangers threatening us, and remedy them so far as lies in our power. We are a republic whereof one man is as good as another before the law. Under such a form of government it is of the greatest importance that all should be possessed of education and intelligence enough to cast a vote with a right understanding of its meaning. A large association of ignorant men cannot, for any considerable period, oppose a success- ful resistance to tyranny and oppression from the educated few, but will inevitably sink into acquiescence to the will of intelligence, whether directed by the demagogue or by priest- craft. Hence the education of the masses becomes of the first necessity for the preservation of our institutions. They are worth preserving, because they have secured the greatest good to the greatest proportion of the population of any form of government yet devised. All other forms of government approach it just in proportion to the general diffusion of education and independence of thought and action. As the primary step, therefore, to our advancement in all that has marked our progress in the past century, I suggest for your earnest considera- tion, and most earnestly recommend it, that a constitutional amendment be submitted to the Legislatures of the several States for ratification, making it the duty of each of the several States to establish and forever maintain free public schools adequate to the education of all the children in the rudimentary branches within their respective limits, irrespective of sex, color, birthplace, or religions; forbidding the teaching in said schools of religious, atheistic, or pagan tenets ; and prohibiting the granting of any school-funds, or school-taxes, or any part thereof, either by legislative, municipal, or ether authority, for the benefit or in aid, APPENDIX C. i 1 5 directly or indirectly, of any religious sect or denomination, or in aid or for the benefit of Government any other object of any nature or kind whatever. ********** The Board heretofore appointed to take charge of the articles and materials pertaining to the War, the Navy, the Treasury, the Interior, and the Post-Office Departments, and the Department of Agriculture, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Commission of Food- Fishes, to be contributed, under the legislation of last session, to the International Exhibi- tion to be held at Philadelphia during the Centennial year 1876, has been diligent in the discharge of the duties which have devolved upon it; and the preparations so far made with the means at command give assurance that the governmental contribution will be made one of the marked characteristics of the Exhibition. The Board has observed commendable economy in the matter of the erection of a building for the governmental exhibit, the ex- pense of which it is estimated will not exceed, say $80,000. This amount has been with- drawn, under the law, from the appropriations of five of the principal Departments, which leaves some of those Departments without sufficient means to render their respective prac- tical exhibits complete and satisfactory. The Exhibition being an international one, and the Government being a voluntary contributor, it is my opinion that its contribution should be of a character, in quality and extent, to sustain the dignity and credit of so distinguished a contributor. The advantages to the country of a creditable display are, in an interna- tional point of view, of the first importance, while an indifferent or uncreditable participa- tion by the Government would be humiliating to the patriotic feelings of our people them- selves. I commend the estimates of the Board for the necessary additional appropriations to the favorable consideration of Congress. The powers of Europe, almost without exception, many of the South American states, and even the more distant Eastern powers, have manifested their friendly sentiments toward the United States and the interest of the world in our progress by taking steps to join with us in celebrating the Centennial of the nation, and I strongly recommend that a more na- tional importance be given to this Exhibition by such legislation and by such appropriation as will insure its success. Its value in bringing. to our shores innumerable useful works of art and skill, the commingling of the citizens of foreign countries and our own, and the interchange of ideas and manufactures, will far exceed any pecuniary outlay we may make. ACT OF CONGRESS APPROPRIATING $1,500,000 IN AID OF THE CENTEN- NIAL CELEBRATION OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. Approved February 16, 1876. AN ACT relating to the Centennial Celebration of American Independence. Whereas, by the Act of Congress entitled " An Act to provide for the celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, provision was made for the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of American Independence by " an exhibi- tion of American and foreign arts, products, and manufactures," to be "held under the auspices of the Government of the United States, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six ;" and Wliereas, by Act of Congress entitled " An Act relative to the Centennial International Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved June first, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, the Centennial Board of Finance was incorporated, with authority to raise the capital neces- Il6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Government sary to carry into effect the provisions of the said Act of March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one; and Whereas, the President of the United States, in compliance with a joint resolution of Congress, approved June fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, did " extend, in the name of the United States, a respectful and cordial invitation to the Governments of other nations to be represented and take part in the International Exposition to be held at Phila- delphia, under the auspices of the Government of the United States," and as the Govern- ments so invited, to the number of thirty-eight, have so accepted such invitation, and many of them are making extensive preparations to embrace the courtesy so extended to them, thereby rendering proper arrangements for the coming ceremonies on the part of the Govern- ment of the United States a matter of honor and gcod faith; and Whereas, the preparations designed by the United States Centennial Commission, and in part executed by the Centennial Board of Finance, are in accordance with the spirit of the Acts of Congress relating thereto, and are on a scale creditable to the Government and people of the United States ; therefore, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the sum of one million five hundred thousand dollars, to com- plete the Centennial buildings and other preparations, be, and the same is hereby, appro- priated out of any moneys in the United States Treasury not otherwise appropriated, which shall be paid on the drafts of the President and Treasurer of the Centennial Board of Finance, one third immediately after the passage of this Act, and the remainder in four equal monthly payments ; Provided, That in the distribution of any moneys that may remain in the treasury of the Centennial Board of Finance, after the payment of its debts, as provided for by the tenth section of the Act of Congress approved June first, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, incorporating said Centennial Board of Finance, the appropriation hereinbe- fore made shall be paid in full into the Treasury of the United States, before any dividend or percentage of the profits shall be paid to the holders of said stock ; Provided also, That the Government of the United States shall not, under any circumstances, be liable for any debt or obligation of the United States Centennial Commission or the Centennial Board of Finance, or any payment in addition to the foregoing sum. SEC. 2. That the money by this Act appropriated shall be paid to the Treasurer of the Centennial Board of Finance only after he and the President of the Board shall have exe- cuted a bond in the sum of five hundred thousand dollars to the United States, with suffi- cient security, to be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, for the safe-keeping and faithful disbursement of the sum hereby appropriated. Approved February 16, 1876. JOINT RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS. JOINT RESOLUTION on the celebration of the Centennial in the several counties or towns. Approved March 13, 1876. Be it resolved by the Senate and Hotise of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it be, and is hereby recommended by the Senate and House of Representatives to the people of the several States that they assemble in their several counties or towns on the approaching Centennial Anniversary of our National Independ- ence, and that they cause to have delivered on such day an historical sketch of said county or town from its formation, and that a copy of said sketch may be filed, in print or manu- script, in the Clerk's office of said county, and an additional copy, in print or manuscript, be filed in the office of the Librarian of Congress, to the intent that a complete record may thus be obtained of the progress of our institutions during the First Centennial of their existence. APPENDIX C. II^ ACT OF CONGRESS. Government AN ACT to provide for the expenses of admission of foreign goods to the Centennial Exhibi- tion at Philadelphia. Approved April 17, 1876. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the sum of forty thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, for the purpose of examfnation and appraisement, and for the incidental expenses connected with the admission of foreign goods to the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. EXTRACTS FROM AN ACT OF CONGRESS. AN ACT making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and for prior years, and for other purposes. Approved May I, 1876. Be it enacted by the Senate and Hottse of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and they are hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the service of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and for former years, and for other purposes, namely : ****####*#* MISCELLANEOUS. fr-**-*-****-*** For the purpose of paying the expenses of transportation, care, and custody, arranging and exhibiting, and safe return of articles belonging to the United States to be presented and exhibited in the United States building at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, during the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, in pursuance of an Act of Congress approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, the following sums are hereby appropriated, namely : For the Interior Department, fifteen thousand dollars ; for the War Department, eighteen thousand five hundred dollars ; for the Smithsonian Institution, twenty-one thou- sand dollars ; for the United States Commission of Food Fishes, five thousand dollars ; for the Treasury Department, fourteen thousand dollars; the same to be disbursed by the Board on behalf of the United States Executive Departments appointed in pursuance of the order of the President of January twenty-third, eighteen hundred and seventy-four ; Provided, That for contingent expenses any surplus arising from appropriations made to either of said Departments by Act of March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, is hereby authorized to be used for the purposes herein mentioned. JOINT RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS. JOINT RESOLUTION, authorizing the exhibition of a life-saving station-house at the Cen- tennial Exhibition. Approved May 13, 1876. Be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized to place on exhibition at the Centennial Exhibition, upon such ground as may be allotted for the purpose, one of the life-saving station-houses authorized to be constructed on the coast of the United States by existing law, and for which appropriation has already been Il8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Government made, and to cause the same to be completely equipped with all the apparatus, furniture, and appliances now in use at the respective life-saving stations of the United States ; said building and apparatus to be removed after the close of the Exhibition, and re-erected and used for a life-saving station at the place now authorized by law : Provided, however, That such exhibition of said station-house, and equipment thereof, and the return thereof, shall not 'be attended with any expense to the United States beyond appropriations heretofore made in aid of said Exhibition, through the several Departments of the Government. Approved May 13, 1876. JOINT RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS. JOINT RESOLUTION to amend the Act approved Jime eighteenth, eighteen hundred ana seventy-four, relating to the admission of articles intended for the International Exhi- bition of eighteen hundred and sevetity-six. Approved July 20, 1876. Be it Resolved by the Senate and Hotise of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Act approved June eighteenth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, entitled " An Act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six," be, and the same is hereby, so amended as to permit the sale and delivery, during the Exhibition, of goods, wares, and merchandise heretofore imported and now in the Exhibition buildings, subject to such additional regu- lations for the security of the revenue and the collection of duties thereon as the Secretary of the Treasury may, in his discretion, prescribe. SECTION 2. That the entire stock of each exhibitor, consisting of goods, wares, and merchandise imported by him and now in said buildings, is hereby declared liable for the payment of duties accruing on any portion thereof, in case of the removal of such portion from said buildings without payment of the lawful duties thereon. SEC. 3. That the penalties prescribed by, and the provisions contained in, section three thousand and eighty-two of the Revised Statutes, shall be deemed and held to apply in the case of any goods, wares, or merchandise now in said buildings sold, delivered, or re- moved without payment of duties, in the same manner as if such goods, wares, or merchan- dise had been imported contrary to law ; and the article or articles so sold, delivered, or removed shall be deemed and held to have been so imported, with the knowledge of the parties respectively concerned in such sale, delivery, or removal. EXTRACTS FROM THE MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. December 5, 1876. The cordiality which attends our relations with the powers of the earth has been plainly shown by the general participation of foreign nations in the Exhibition which has just closed, and by the exertions made by distant powers to show their interest in and friendly feelings toward the United States in the commemoration of the Centennial of the nation. The Government and people of the United States have not only fully appreciated this exhi- bition of kindly feeling, but it may be justly and fairly expected that no small benefits will result both to ourselves and other nations from a better acquaintance, and a better appre- ciation of our mutual advantages and mutual wants. *#*###** * # The report of the Commissioner of Agriculture accompanying this message will be found one of great interest, marking, as it does, the great progress of the last century in the variety of products of the soil, increased knowledge and skill in the labor of producing, saving, and manipulating the same to prepare them for the use of man ; in the improvements in APPENDIX C. II 9 machinery to aid the agriculturist in his labors, and in a knowledge of those scientific sub- Government jects necessary to a thorough system of economy in agricultural production, namely, chem- a istry, botany, entomology, etc. A study of this report by those interested in agriculture and deriving their support from it will prove of value in pointing out those articles which are raised in greater quantity than the needs of the world require, and must sell, therefore, for less than the cost of production, and those which command a profit over cost of production because there is not an over-production. I call special attention to the need of the Department for a new gallery for the reception of the exhibits returned from the Centennial Exhibition, including the exhibits donated by veiy many foreign nations ; and to the recommendations of the Commissioner of Agricul- ture generally. * * ***#***** The International Exhibition held in Philadelphia this year, in commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of American independence, has proven a great success, and will, no doubt, be of enduring advantage to the country. It has shown the great progress in the arts, sciences, and mechanical skill made in a single century, and demonstrated that we are but little behind older nations in any one branch, while in some we scarcely have a rival. It has served, too, not only to bring peoples and products of skill and labor from all parts of the world together, but in bringing together people from all sections of our own country, which must prove a great benefit in the information imparted and pride of country engendered. It has been suggested by scientists interested in and connected with the Smithsonian Institution, in a communication herewith, that the Government exhibit be removed to the capital, and a suitable building be erected or purchased for its accommodation as a per- manent exhibit. I earnestly recommend this, and believing that Congress would second this view, I directed that all Government exhibits at the Centennial Exhibition should remain where they are, except such as might be injured by remaining in a building not intended as a protection in inclement weather, or such as may be wanted by the Depart- ment furnishing them, until the question of permanent exhibition is acted on. Although the moneys appropriated by Congress to enable the participation of the several Executive Departments in the International Exhibition of 1876 were not sufficient to carry out the undertaking to the full extent at first contemplated, it gives me pleasure to refer to the very efficient and creditable manner in which the Board appointed from these several Departments to provide an exhibition on the part of the Government have discharged their duties with the funds placed at their command. Without a precedent to guide them in the preparation of such a display, the success of their labors was amply attested by the sustained attention which the contents of the Government Building attracted during the period of the Exhibition from both foreign and native visitors. I am strongly impressed with the value of the collection made by the Government for the purposes of the Exhibition, illustrating, as it does, the mineral resources of the country, the statistical and practical evidences of our growth as a nation, and the uses of the mechan- ical arts and the applications of applied science in the administration of the affairs of Government. Many nations have voluntarily contributed their exhibits to the United States to increase the interest in any permanent exhibition Congress may provide for. For this act of gener- osity they should receive the thanks of the people, and I respectfully suggest that a reso- lution of Congress to that effect be adopted. 120 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. APPENDIX D. state action. LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE ACTION IN THE STATES AND TERRITORIES. Alabama. ALABAMA. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA. Approved March 20, 1875. AN ACT to authorize the Governor to appoint Commissioners to represent Alabama in the Centennial Exhibition. Whereas, It is of great interest to the people of Alabama that all the great material interests of the State, the agricultural, the mineral, and the mechanical, should be repre- sented and exhibited at the Centennial Exhibition, to be held at the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, commencing July 4, 1876; therefore, SECTION I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Alabama, That the Governor be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to make appointments of five Commissioners, who shall be known as " Special Centennial Commissioners," and whose duty it shall be to secure proper apartments in the Exhibition buildings, and to make such necessary arrange- ments for the display of such articles as may be forwarded from Alabama for exhibition, and to do whatever they may deem best to have the State of Alabama represented upon an equal footing with her sister States at the Centennial Exhibition to be held at the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1876. SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That the Governor shall be Chairman ex officio of said Commissioners. SEC. 3. Be it further enacted, That no money shall be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this Act. RESOLUTIONS OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA. Approved March 23, 1876. JOINT RESOLUTIONS in relation to the First Centennial Year of the Declaration of American Independence. FIRST. Resolved, by the Senate of Alabama, the House of Representatives concurring, That as the Representatives of a patriotic constituency which reveres the virtues and tradi- tions of the heroes and sages of the American Revolution, and esteems as sacred and dear all that pertains to their honor and glory, the General Assembly of Alabama deem it proper to declare that the occurrence of the First Centennial Year of the Declaration of American Independence is a fit occasion for rejoicing on the part of all the people of the United States ; and we hereby extend greetings of fraternal good will to all the people of every State and Territory in the American Union. SECOND. That this epoch in the history of our country is an event intimately connected with memories that should be cherished, and commemorated, in such spirit and manner as APPENDIX D. I2 i will most appropriately attest the gratitude and affection which their descendants should State action. ever feel for the illustrious founders of American constitutional liberty. THIRD. That there can be no more appropriate or continuing commemoration of such an event and its memories than for every administration of government, whether Federal or State, to uphold the honor, promote the prosperity, and advance the glory of our common country ; and to this end it is also the duty of every citizen to freely and faithfully con- tribute his aid. FOURTH. That it shall be the duty of the Governor to furnish a copy of these resolutions, under the Great Seal of the State, to the President of the United States, and in like manner one copy to the Governor of each State and Territory in the American Union. Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the State this the 23d day of [SEAL.] March, 1876, and of the Independence of the United States the One Hundredth Year. By the Governor : GEO. S. HOUSTON. RUFUS K. BO YD, Secretary of State. ARIZONA. Ari * EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR A. P. K. SAFFORD. January 4, 1875. It is proposed to hold at Philadelphia, in 1876, a world's fair for the exhibition of the products of the earth and the inventions of men. It is thought to be a proper time, at the close of the century that brought our republic into existence, to bring together the people in fraternal friendship, and to collect for exhibition to all mankind the various products of our vast domain, and also the inventions of a free people ; and in this Exhibition the nations of the earth have been solicited to participate. Mexico and all the South American republics have already accepted this invitation, and are making vigorous efforts to be properly repre- sented. More than two-thirds of the nations of Europe are taking active measures in the same direction. It should be the pride of every American to see in this Exhibition the most comprehensive and grandest display ever made by mankind, and it is to be regretted that the Congress of the United States has been so far tardy in giving the required means ; but whether Congress acts or not, there is such a determination among the people to make it a success that it cannot fail. Already most of the States have taken the necessary steps to insure a full and advantageous representation. It rests with you to decide whether the rich minerals and varied products of Arizona shall be exhibited or not. If you reflect the wishes of your constituents you will make ample preparation, so that no Territory will outdo us in the generous rivalry. You have it in your power to place the true representations of the resources of the Territory so prominently before the representatives of the various nations of the world, that capital to develop and utilize them will pour in upon us without limit or solicitation. A failure on the part of Arizona to be properly represented would not make any very marked difference in the general result of the Exhibition, but it would seriously affect our own prosperity, and be a subject of mortification to every true citizen of Arizona. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ARIZONA. Approved February 5, 1875. Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona : SECTION I. The Territory of Arizona is hereby authorized for and on behalf of its citi- zens to become an exhibitor at the Centennial Exhibition, to be held at the City of Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, in the year A.D. 1876. 122 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. eys in SEC. 2. The sum of five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, out of any moneys the Territorial Treasury not otherwise appropriated by law, for the purpose of defraying the expenses incurred in executing the provisions of this Act. SEC. 3. There shall be elected by this Legislative Assembly an agent, whose duties are hereinafter prescribed, to represent Arizona at said Exhibition, who shall be elected by a majority vote of the two Houses, assembled in joint convention, and said agent shall be duly commissioned as such by the Governor. SEC. 4. It shall be the duty of such agent to execute a good and sufficient bond to the Territory of Arizona, and to file the same with the Territorial Treasurer on or before the first day of May, A.D. 1875, in tne sum of ten thousand dollars, with two or more sufficient sureties, to be approved by the Governor, Territorial Auditor, and Territorial Treasurer, conditioned that he will faithfully and fully perform all the duties that shall devolve upon him by the conditions of this Act, or forfeit the amount thereof to the Territory of Arizona; and upon the filing and approval of such bond, it shall be the duty of the Governor to commission him as such agent. SEC. 5. To aid in systematizing and concentrating articles for exhibition at a convenient point for shipment, the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties, at their regular meet- ing in April next after the passage of this Act, shall each appoint a sub-agent for their respective counties, whose duties shall be as follows : To receive and take charge of articles furnished for exhibition, and to supervise the boxing and shipping of said articles to the care of the agent aforesaid at Yuma, Arizona, which said articles shall all be shipped in time to reach Yuma on or before the first day of December, A.D. 1875 ; Provided, that exhibitors shall pay all expenses incurred in packing said articles, and the shipment of them to Yuma; And provided further, that said sub-agents may reject all articles, furnished for exhibition, which in their judgment are not of sufficient excellence to be advantageous to the Territory, or reject all of any one kind in excess above the number and amount necessary for a credit- able exhibition, and in the exercise of this power they shall be governed, as nearly as possible, by such rules as may be prescribed by the Centennial Advisory Board for Arizona. SEC. 6. It shall be the duty of each person who may furnish any article or articles for exhibition to accompany the same with a succinct history of the production thereof, and all important facts bearing upon the same, and also such other information, if any, as the sub- agent may require, and, if demanded by the sub-agent, verify the same by oath, and the said sub-agent shall, at the time of shipment to the agent at Yuma, furnish him with a brief, but complete, statement of such information as he may have received relative to the pro- duction, extent, quality, and pertinent incident of said articles for exhibition, and also to see that all said articles accepted by him be in Yuma on or before the first day of December, A.D. 1875. SEC. 7- It shall be the duty of the agent to provide some suitable place at Yuma, on or before the first day of August, A.D. 1875, f r ^ e reception and safe-keeping of articles as they shall arrive from the several sub-agencies, and as soon after the expiration of time fixed by section six, for the reception of articles at Yuma, as transportation can be obtained, he shall ship said articles by water to San Francisco, California, and thence by rail to Phila- delphia; and the said agent shall also personally attend to the transshipment of the articles at San Francisco, and personally receive the same on their arrival in Philadelphia, and he shall also cause to be fitted up with necessary stands, shelving, cases, etc., the space allotted to Arizona in the Exhibition buildings, and properly arrange therein all articles for exhibi- tion. It sha 1 ! also be the duty of the agent to cause all articles to be numbered, and a corresponding number to be set down in the left-hand margin of a book, opposite which several numbers shall be given the facts as he shall have received them from the sub-agents relative to the several articles, as numbered. It shall also be the duty of the agent to be present during the entire period of the Centennial Exhibition, have a supervisory care over all articles from Arizona, on exhibition, and impart information regarding the same to all seeking it. APPENDIX D. 123 SEC. 8. It shall be the duty of the agent at the close of said Centennial Exhibition to State acdou. sell for cash, at public auction, after public notice of not less than ten days, all articles Anlon *- under his charge, on exhibition, and render a full and complete account thereof to the Ninth Legislative Assembly of Arizona, and he shall pay all moneys received from such sale to the Treasurer of this Territory, to be placed to the credit of the general fund ; and he shall also keep a true and correct account of all expenditures of money in the execution of his duties, under this Act, and submit vouchers and receipts therefor, showing in detail the objects of his outlays to the Ninth Legislative Assembly of Ar zona, and if the said Legis- lative Assembly shall find the same correct and just, the said agent's bond shall be void and canceled, otherwise to remain in full force, and the full sum thereof be collected of the agent, or his bondsmen, for the use and benefit of the Territory of Arizona. The said agent shall receive in full payment for his services the sum of two thousand dollars out of the five thousand dollars appropriated by section two of this Act. SEC. 9. To enable the agent to readily and effectually discharge the duties imposed on him by this Act, it shall be the duty of the Territorial Auditor, on or before the first day of December, A.D. 1875, to draw his warrant on the Territorial Treasurer, in favor of said agent, for the full sum of five thousand dollars, and the Territorial Treasurer shall pay the same on presentation, out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated by law. SEC. 10. In case of a vacancy in the office of agent, it shall be the duty of the Governor to appoint and commission a suitable person as such agent, and such appointee shall be sub- ject to all the duties, requirements, and conditions imposed upon the agent by this Act, and it shall not be lawful for the agent to appoint a substitute for the performance of his duties, except in case of absolute physical inability to personally discharge the same, and the services of such substitute shall at no time extend beyond the period of such absolute physical disability, and for the official acts of such substitute the agent shall be held responsible. SEC. II. Thib Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 5, 1875. ARKANSAS. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR A. H. GARLAND. LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS, February i, 1875. To THE PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE SENATE: An Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, provided for the national celebration of the " One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States," by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, on the 4th of July, 1876. The President, by proclamation, announced the Exhibition and National Celebration, and commended them to the people of the United States and all nations. The Act of Congress referred to provided for the organization of the United States Centennial Commission, "whose duty it shall be to prepare and superintend the execution of a plan for holding the Exhibition." Commissioners for the States and Terri- tories are appointed on the recommendation of the Governors thereof by the President. The Hon. E. W. Gantt was the Commissioner for this State, and the Hon. A. Mc- Donald was Alternate, under the appointment of the President; but, by the death of Mr. Gantt and the removal of Mr. McDonald from the State, both of these places are vacant, and I have recommended Dr. George W. Lawrence as Commissioner and George E. Dodge as Alternate, the notice of whose appointment I expect to receive in a very short time. The Exhibition will be held at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, and will be opened on the iQth clay of April, 1876, and closed on the ipth day of October following. With this I send you a circular address, from the Hon. A. T. Goshorn, the 124 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. Director-General of the Exhibition, which will furnish you in detail the rules and regula- Arkansas. t ; ons a( j O pted for the carrying out of this enterprise. Most, if not all, of the States have taken steps to be represented in this display, and leading foreign nations have not only accepted invitations to take part, but they are manifesting a lively interest in its success. The mere announcement of the project without legislation and executive sanction by the nation appeals most strongly to the sense of pride, honor, and patriotism of every citizen of this country; but with the indorsement of Congress and the President it becomes the duty, and I believe a pleasing one, of every person in the land to give his aid to this under- taking. No more fit place than Philadelphia, around which cluster so many cherished memories of our past history, could be selected, and she, as well as her State, have already appropriated large sums of money to make the move all that could be desired. Our people thus brought together can show a progress in a hundred years in all that benefits, improves, and elevates man unexampled in the authentic annals of history ; it will contribute largely to remove the asperities engendered in past years between the people of the North and the South, and to strengthen our love for the Union. It will excite a noble and a generous emulation that will result in the advancement of all parts of the country ; it will enlarge and liberalize our ideas of each other and cf foreign nations, and present us to these nations in a light that will be creditable in the highest degree. And not least of all, it will serve to recur to the exciting times of our Revolutionary struggle, and to call to mind the virtues of the fathers of the country, and stimulate us to learn the lessons of their lives afresh and to preserve pure and intact the priceless heritage they bequeathed us. Other nations have engaged in these Exhibitions, and with a success that has caused them to be regarded almost as finished and permanent institutions. Should this our first attempt fail, it would afford cause not only for regret, but for deep mortification to our people, to say nothing of its effect abroad, and it should be a matter of pride to the people, as well as to the States separately, not only that it should not fail, but that its success should be so marked as to reflect honor upon our name everywhere. Ar- kansas at present is not in a condition to place herself on the list as she deserves to be, but she can do much toward this celebration, and even small as her contribution may be, she should at once address herself to making it. A few thousand dollars expended in this way by the State would be well invested. A presentation at that Exhibition of samples of the products of her soil and of her minerals would do more to induce immigrants to ccme to the State, and persons of means to become interested here, than all the articles and ad- dresses that we might print and disseminate for years. No action has as yet been taken by any Legislature of this State on this subject, and before another shall meet the Exhibition will have closed. I recommend, therefore, a reasonable appropriation be made to enable the Commissioner and the Alternate to prepare for and secure to Arkansas such a represen- tation as will promote her interest and be alike honorable to her and her people. She should be present and answer to her name at this great meeting, and ready to lay before the world her testimonials to the progress and prosperity of our common country, and to accom- plish this end I will most cheerfully co-operate with the Legislature. Very respectfully, A. H. GARLAND, Governor. EXTRACT FROM MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR A. H. GARLAND. November, 1875. I refer to my message at the last session on this subject, and beg leave to renew the sug- gestions then made. The State Commissioners and the different Boards appointed by them have worked, and are now working with great industry to have our State properly repre- sented at this Exhibition ; but, for want of means, they have not accomplished all they APPENDIX D. 125 desired. I have selected Hon. David Walker as the orator, to speak for and in behalf of State action Arkansas at that time, and he has kindly accepted the appointment. I think it is due the Arkansas - event that a suitable appropriation be made, and all other steps taken by the Legislature necessary to place Arkansas creditably in the list of the States and nations to be present at that national celebration. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ARKANSAS. Approved November 30, 1875. AN ACT to provide for a proper representation of the State of Arkansas at the Centennial Exhibition in the year 1876. Whereas, It is deemed important to the interests of the State of Arkansas that her great resources should be displayed in a proper and creditable manner at the Centennial Inter- national Exhibition to begin at the City of Philadelphia on the loth of May, and end on the loth of November, 1876; and, Whereas, By a proper and judicious expenditure of the public funds the importance of Arkansas as an agricultural State may be made known to thousands of intelligent farmers who might otherwise fail to be attracted to our State ; and, Whereas, By the same means the attention of capitalists may be attracted to our rich undeveloped mineral resources, and they induced to open up the means of enriching them- selves and the State ; and, Whereas, The State of Arkansas is committed to this enterprise by the appointment of her Commissioners, and their participations in the councils of the National Centennial Commission ; and, Whereas, It is desirable that every possible facility be afforded for an influx of immi- gration, and that every inducement be offered for the employment of capital in the devel- opment of our latent resources ; therefore, Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas: SECTION I. That the sum of fifteen thousand ($15,000) dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated out of any money in the State Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the use and purposes herein named ; and the same shall be drawn, disbursed, and expended upon the order of the Governor. SEC. 2. That this Act take effect and be in force from and after its passage. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR A. H. GARLAND. January 8, 1877. The General Assembly, by Act of November 30, 1875, appropriated the sum of $15,000.00 to provide for a proper representation of Arkansas at the Centennial Exhibition at Phila- delphia. I send herewith the report of the Commissioners for the State, and a Catalogue of Exhibits, which will show how the appropriation was used, and in what manner the State was represented. It appears there is of this appropriation unexpended $1757.24; the building put up by the State, and other property there belonging to her, remain undisposed of. As will be seen, it is necessary for some disposition to be made of this building at an early day, and I concur in the view of the Commissioners on this subject. Hon. David Walker, pursuant to my appointment, delivered a very appropriate speech in behalf of the State at the Exhibition, on the 1 6th day of October. A faithful history of the State, this speech is interesting and valuable, and the Commissioners and myself have en- deavored to give it an extensive circulation, not only in this State, but in all the States. 126 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. Arkansas. Arkansas is under obligations to Judge Walker for the able manner in which he presented her to the public at this Exhibition. I believe the sentiment all over the State agrees with that expressed by the Commis- sioners, that this was a wise step on the part of Arkansas, and her Centennial investment was, in every point of view, a good one. The general display has received the applause of the world, and in this our State has her full share. For one, I am glad she took part in the Exhibition, feeling well convinced that the substantial benefits that will flow from it to the State will exceed beyond measure the sum appropriated. I have recently received from Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director-General of the Exhibition, a report of the Judges making an award in favor of Arkansas, on account of the building erected by her, as well as on account of the display by the State of her natural and indus- trial products. The Director-General informs me that due notice will be given when the diploma and medal on this award will be ready for delivery. The letter of the Director- General, together with the report, I take pleasure in laying before you. To the Commissioners, Messrs. Geo. W. Lawrence and Geo. E. Dodge, for their inde- fatigable efforts, unflagging zeal, and great good sense, displayed without compensation, throughout the whole period of this- Exhibition, the State is greatly indebted. Many testi- monials as to the value of their services have come to me from all directions. For this labor of no small proportions an appreciative people will ever hold them in grateful recollection. Some few accounts, amounting to several hundred dollars, for work done and materials furnished the State Board, before the Centennial appropriation was made, have come to me for payment. The construction I placed upon the law appropriating this money would not permit me to pay these sums out of that appropriation. I have been informed that the work was done and the materials were furnished to the State Board, and the State got the benefit of them in her display at the Exhibition. I would recommend, if upon inquiry this be found to be true, these accounts be paid by the Legislature out of the unexpended appropriation, or one to be made for that particular purpose. These accounts are set forth in petitions to me by A. W. Bishop and W. E. Woodruff, herewith transmitted. Colorado. COLORADO. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR S. H. ELBERT. January 6, 1874. The Centennial Commission has intrusted the direction and supervision of the Exhibi- tion to a Director-General, who, in a recent communication, says : " To provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and to organize a uniform system to this end throughout the United States, the several States and Territories are invited and recommended to appoint, as early as possible, State Centennial Managers, not exceeding five in number. They should be selected entirely with regard to their familiarity with the resources, arts, and products of their State, their business expe- rience, and executive skill. The State Managers, with the United States Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner, shall constitute the State Board of Centennial Managers for each State and Territory. " On the State Board will devolve all the responsibility of organizing its State or Terri- tory, and of securing its thorough representation in the Exhibition. It will have to care for the interests of its own State, and of its citizens, in matters relating to the Exhibition ; to disseminate information about it ; to issue invitations to participate ; to receive and pro- nounce upon applications fcr space ; to apportion the space placed at its disposal among the exhibitors from its State ; and to supervise such other details relating to the representa- tion of its citizens in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United States Centennial Commission. APPENDIX D. 127 " It is of extreme importance that the State Boards shall be organized and at work at the State nciion. earliest day possible. It is hoped that all may have been appointed before April I, 1874." Colorado - In its patriotic aspects, the object of the celebration is arousing the enthusiasm and emulation of the States, and I am certain our people will not be without a patriotic desire to contribute to the interest and the success of the occasion. It will be your pleasant and patriotic duty to take the necessary steps to spread before the eyes of the world, upon that interesting occasion, the rich products of your farms and mines. In these two departments of industry there is no reason why Colorado should not compete successfully for supremacy. Aside from its patriotic aspects, the occasion will be one which we should improve to the full measure of our ability, and which it would be most unwise to neglect as an opportunity of displaying to the world the wealth and resources of our Territory. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. ROUTT. January 5, 1876. Immediate steps should be taken to secure a proper representation of our mineral and other products at the Centennial Exhibition to be held in Philadelphia. Inasmuch as some of the counties and many of our citizens have, with commendable spirit and liberality, made preparations to take part in that great National Exhibition, the Territory should not be tardy in showing the same activity by making an ample appropriation for that object. The fund so set apart might be placed at the disposal of the Commissioners already appointed, to be expended under such rules. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF COLORADO. Approved February n, 1876. AN ACT to provide for the Representation of tJu Territory of Colorado at the Centennial Exhibition. Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of Colorado Territory : SECTION I. That the concurrent resolution approved January 24, 1874, providing for appointment of Centennial Board of Managers, be and the same is hereby repealed. SEC. 2. For the purpose of representing Colorado at the Centennial Exhibition, there shall be appropriated the sum of ten thousand dollars out of any funds not otherwise appropriated. SEC. 3. The Governor shall appoint, by and with the consent of the Council, two Com- missioners for the Territory of Colorado. Said Commissioners shall have charge of all arti- cles or products to be exhibited, and shall have authority to receipt for all special articles for which a receipt may be required. They shall have charge of and be accountable for all articles or products donated to this Territory for exhibition at the Centennial Exhibition. They shall have power to make such arrangements for space as they may deem necessary, and to prepare the same for the proper display of articles, and to make such other arrange- ments for the Exhibition as is necessary ; to draw warrants upon the Treasurer of the Terri- tory (with sworn vouchers attached) for the same, all such warrants to be countersigned by the Governor ; but in no case shall the sum or sums so drawn exceed in the total the sum of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), said warrants to be drawn on any funds in the treasury not otherwise appropriated by any of the Acts of the eleventh Legislative Assembly of Colorado Territory ; and the Auditor of the Territory is authorized and requested to write across the face of said warrants the words, Centennial Exhibition. S*. 4. All counties, districts, or individuals wishing to send articles to said Exhibition, may do so by delivering the same in shipping order at the depots of any railroads located 128 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. Colorado. in the City of Denver or City of Pueblo, where said articles are to be taken in charge by said Commissioners for the Territory, and cared for and transmitted to (and from the Ex- hibition, if required) free of any and all costs or expenses to said counties, districts, or in- dividuals ; Provided, that neither the Territory nor the Commissioners shall be responsible to the owners thereof for the safe transportation or custody of any of said articles. SEC. 5. The Commissioners appointed shall give their personal attention to the display of such articles as are sent, and give such information to the public, there and elsewhere, as they may deem necessary for the interests of the Territory, either by printed circulars, statements, or otherwise. SEC. 6. The said Commissioners shall each receive a compensation of $150 per month for their services, commencing the 1st day of March, 1876, and ending November I, 1876, and for no longer; and shall give a bond, to be approved by the Governor and Territorial Treasurer, in the sum of $10,000, for the faithful expenditure of said sum hereby appro- priated. SEC. 7. The Commissioners so appointed may, at their discretion, employ an assistant or substitute, in case they cannot, from any cause, attend to the duties herein prescribed; Pro- vided, said assistant or substitute be compensated for such services by the Commissioners out of the said allowance of $150 per month, and not otherwise. SEC. 8. If the fund provided for in this Act shall not be exhausted by the Commissioners, the residue shall be transferred from the same to the several appropriations made at the present session of the Legislative Assembly, in proportion to their respective amounts. Approved February u, 1876. Connecticut. CONNECTICUT. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR CHARLES R. INGERSOLL. May 5, 1875. With the present year commences a period of peculiar interest to the American people, the Centennial period of their Revolutionary struggle and the successful establishment of their Independence and Union. It is filled with anniversaries of days memorable in our history, and their continual recurrence cannot but excite sentiments and emotions which it is a patriotic duty to foster. The plan for commemorating this period by an Industrial Exhibition, not only of all our own States but other nations, under the auspices of the United States Government, in the City of Philadelphia, has been prosecuted with so much energy that its success is now believed to be fully assured. While but little preparation has as yet been made by the people of Connecticut for a participation in this Exhibition, I do not doubt that, as we approach the Centennial year, an interest in its object will be manifested becoming the prominence of our State, not only in the historic associations belonging to that year, but in the development of industry and art which has characterized the American people during the past century. I recommend to you such legislative action as may be necessary to pro- mote this interest. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT. Approved July 15, 1875. AN ACT to secure the representation of Connecticut in the Centennial Celebration and International Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Assembly convened : SECTION I. That a Board of Managers is hereby constituted to consist of ten persons, whose duty it shall be to take such action as to them shall seem proper to secure a due APPENDIX D. I2 9 representation at the International Exhibition in 1876 of the arts, industries, and institu- State action, tions of Connecticut, and to expend at their discretion for such purpose such sums as may Cx be needed, not exceeding fifteen thousand dollars. And said money shall be paid cut of the treasury, in such sums, and at such times, as may be needed, upon the requisition of said Board approved by the Governor. SEC. 2. The Governor, the member and alternate member from this State, of the United States Centennial Commission, shall be ex-officio members of said Board, and the others shall be appointed by the Governor. SEC. 3. The sum of twenty-five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated from the treasury of the State in aid of the purposes of this Act : fifteen thousand dollars of which, or so much thereof as may be needed, to be expended by said Board as hereinbefore provided for, and the remaining ten thousand dollars to be paid to the United States Centennial Board- of Finance, under the direction of the Governor, for the purposes of said Board, as defined in the Act of Congress constituting the same. Approved July 15, 1875. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT. Approved July 22, 1875. AN ACT suspending a portion of Title X. of the General Statutes of Connecticut for the year 1876. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Assembly convened : SECTION I. The Commander-in-Chief may at his discretion suspend the annual spring parade and fall encampment of the National Guard of this State for the year 1876. SEC. 2. In case he shall so suspend said parade and encampment, he may permit the brigade, including the section of artillery, to attend, for a period not exceeding six successive days, the National Centennial at Philadelphia, at such time as may be by him determined ; and the Quartermaster-General shall furnish camp equipage for the same ; but the expense to the State of such transportation and encampment at Philadelphia shall not exceed the total amount which would be paid for the parades and encampment in this State in the year 1876. SEC. 3. The pay for said transportation, encampment, and parade shall be the same as is now by law provided. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR CHARLES R. INGERSOLL. May 3, 1876. Under the authority of the Act of the last General Assembly I directed ten thousand dol- lars to be paid to the Centennial Board of Finance for their purposes, and I appointed a Board of Managers to secure a proper representation of the arts and industries of this State at the Exhibition. This Board has appointed an agent, of experience at the Paris and Vienna Exhibitions, for the assistance of Connecticut exhibitors, erected on the Exhibition grounds an appropriate building for the convenience of Connecticut visitors, and in various ways so promoted the object of their appointment as to insure a highly satisfactory display of the diversified industry of the State at the Exhibition. The number of exhibitors from this State in the mechanical and manufacturing departments will be about three hundred, representing at least fifty different branches of those industries. The appropriation of fifteen thousand dollars made by the last General Assembly will be sufficient for the purposes of the State Board. The Congress of the United States, at its present session, have passed a Joint Resolution recommending the people of the several States to assemble in their several counties or towns 9 130 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. O n the approaching Centennial Anniversary of our National Independence, and to have cut- delivered on such day an historical sketch of such county or town, from its formation, to the intent that, by filing the same in the Clerk's office of such county, and in the office of the Librarian of Congress, a complete history may be obtained of the progress of our institutions during the first century of their existence. This resolution has been brought to my attention by the Department of State at Washington, and I submit the same to you for any action that may be proper. It has also been proposed to commemorate the Centennial year by planting trees in our several towns, where they may remain to adorn our public places, as well as to serve as patriotic memorials ; and the plan has been received with general favor, and has been acted on in many of the towns in this State. In either of its aspects, the proposition is so well fitted to promote a healthy public spirit that I deem it worthy of mention on this occasion > RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF 'CONNECTICUT, Regulating the Payment of the Connecticut National Gttard at Philadelphia. Approved June 20, 1876. Resolved by this Assembly : That all payments by the Paymaster-General for services rendered at the encampment of the Connecticut National Guard at Philadelphia may be made at said encampment ; Provided, however, that the pay-rolls for said services shall be first made in duplicate, and approved by the Adjutant-General, as now by law provided. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT. Approved June 28, 1876. AN ACT to permit the Governor's Horse and Foot Guards to attend the National Centennial at Philadelphia. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Assembly convened : SECTION I. That the Commander-in-Chief may at his discretion suspend the annual fall parade of the two companies, Governor's horse and foot guard, of this State for the year 1876, SEC. 2. In case he shall suspend said parade, he may permit the four companies to attend, for a period not exceeding six successive days, the National Centennial at Philadel- phia, and the Quartermaster-General shall furnish transportation for the same. SEC. 3. The pay for such parade and transportation shall be at the rate of and not exceed fifteen dollars for each man in the two companies of horse guards, and ten dollars for each man in the foot guards. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT. Approved July 7, 1876. Resolved by this Assembly : SECTION I. That the people of the several towns of this State be earnestly recommended to make immediate arrangements for, and to properly celebrate, the coming Centennial Fourth of July in their several towns, and to take action at that time in regard to the prep- aration of sketches of Revolutionary and Centennial history, as suggested in the Governor's message. SEC. 2. His Excellency the Governor is hereby authorized to appoint a suitable person as Commissioner, whose duty it shall be to immediately notify the people of the several towns, by circulars or otherwise, of this action of the General Assembly, and who shall APPENDIX D. 131 revise, compile, copyright, and publish in book form, under the supervision of the Gov- State action ernor, the historical sketches before mentioned ; and shall receive therefor such suitable Connecticut compensation, not exceeding one thousand dollars, as the Governor may direct. SEC. 3. One copy of such book shall be furnished to each of the State officers and mem- bers of the present General Assembly of this State, to each of the towns of this State, to each of the several States of the United States, to each of the school and public libraries of this State, and one hundred copies be at the disposal of the Governor, to distribute or deposit, as he may see fit ; and one copy shall be given to the person in each town who sh,all prepare and forward the matter appertaining to such town ; such person to be selected by the residents of the town on or before the Fourth of July, 1876; and in case of contest as to who shall be so selected, the Selectmen and Town Clerk shall decide. Approved July 7, 1876. DELAWARE. Delaware. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JAMES PONDER. January 5, 1875. A celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence is to be held in the City of Philadelphia during the next year by an exhibition of the products and resources of the country. The co-operation of every State in the Union is desired by those having the charge of the celebration, so as to make it worthy of the American Republic. The Centennial Com- mission, through the Director-General, Hon. A. T. Goshorn, desires that State Boards be appointed to co-operate with the National Board of Commissioners as the most effectual means of securing the desired end. The appointment of a State Board to represent this State and arrange for the proper exhibition of its products will doubtless aid such of our citizens as desire to participate in the celebration by exhibiting their articles of manufacture or other productions. Gentlemen in this State would doubtless volunteer to act as members of a State Commission, and I therefore recommend that authority be given for the appoint- ment of such a Board. JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF DELAWARE. Adopted March 25, 1875. Resolved by the Senate and Houi>e of Representatives of the State of Delaware in Gen- eral Assembly met : FIRST. That Dr. Allen V. Lesley, Charles Beasten, Esq., Hon. L. F. Riddle, Dr. Charles H. Richards, Hon. John W. Cansey, Hon. Paynter Frame, John H. Bewley, Esq., Hon. Joseph P. Comegys, and H m. Henry B. Fiddeman be, and they are hereby, appointed to attend the Centennial Celebration of the Declaration of Independence, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, as Commissioners on the part of the State of Delaware, whose duty it shall be to take all measures necessary to secure the proper exhibition of all products of the citizens of this State which shall be sent to the said Centennial Celebration. SECOND. That whatever expenses may be incurred under the above resolution shall be paid by the State Treasurer upon the warrant of the Commissioners ; Provided, said expenses shall not exceed the sum of two thousand dollars. THIRD. That the Governor of this State be, and he is hereby, directed to subscribe for 132 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, stock of the said Centennial to the amount of ten thousand dollars, and that the State Treasurer shall pay the said amount upon the warrant of the Governor. Adopted at Dover, March 25, 1875. The foregoing is a true copy of the Joint Resolution adopted at Dover, March 25, 1875. Attest: IGNATIUS C. GRUBB, Secretary of State. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN P. COCHRAN. January 2, 1877. A Joint Resolution of the General Assembly, adopted March 25, 1875, directed the Governor to subscribe for stock of the United States Centennial International Exhibition to the amount of ten thousand dollars. In obedience thereto, and in behalf of the State, I subscribed for one thousand shares of said stock of the par value of ten dollars each, and the said sum of ten thousand dollars was duly paid by the State Treasurer upon my war- rant drawn in favor of the Treasurer of the Centennial Board of Finance, and the proper certificates of stock are now in the hands of the State Treasurer for the use of the State. It is with satisfaction that I am able to announce, upon information derived from an authentic source, that at least twenty-five per cent, of the State subscription will certainly be refunded as dividends, even though the United States Congressional appropriation of $1,500,000 shall be first deducted from the net cash assets of the Exhibition, and that pos- sibly ninety per cent, thereof will be refunded if said appropriation shall not be so deducted, a result which is as gratifying as it was unanticipated when the General Assembly, from sentiments of patriotism and without expectation of return, made our liberal appropriation in aid and encouragement of the great historic celebration in its hour of need. Under the provisions of the same Joint Resolution a Commission of nine citizens, promi- nent representatives of the various professions and pursuits within our State, was appointed to attend the Centennial Exhibition to take all measures necessary to secure the proper exhi- bition of the industries and products of the State, and the sum of two thousand dollars was appropriated for the payment of all needful expenditures necessarily incurred by them in the discharge of their duties. These duties, as is well known, were faithfully and satis- factorily discharged, and in a manner highly creditable to our State and greatly to the advantage and convenience of its people. But the amount appropriated for the expendi- tures of the Commissioners, owing to outlays which could not be anticipated, as I am as- sured, proved inadequate, and they were obliged to incur an indebtedness somewhat in excess of the legislative appropriation. As these gentlemen rendered their services from public-spirited motives, for the honor of the State and the benefit of its citizens, and en- tirely without compensation, it seems but just and proper that any indebtedness incurred by them in the discharge of their duties to the State and its people should be paid by the State, and I cordially recommend their claims for your favorable consideration. Florida. FLORIDA. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR O. B. HART. January I, 1874. An Act of Congress approved March 3, 1871, provided for the national celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine. Commissioners appointed under said Act constitute the United States Centennial Commission. Another Act APPENDIX D. '33 of Congress approved June I, 1872, created the Centennial Board of Finance, which is State action charged with the financial administration of the preparations of the Exhibition. With the Florida - aid of the two Boards, to wit, the United States Centennial Commission and the Centennial Board of Finance, it is reasonably expected that the grand International Exhibition of 1876 in Philadelphia will be worthy our great country in the magnificent display of the products, not only of our own land, but of all other nations. The Board of Finance has already suc- ceeded in raising sufficient funds (over three millions being pledged) to justify the Com- mission in inaugurating the great work before it. The ground has been laid out in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia (450 acres having been reserved for that purpose), the plan of the buildings adopted, and the work is now in such a state of forwardness as to leave no reasonable doubt of its completion by the time fixed for the opening of the Exhibition on the igth of April, 1876. On the 4th of July last the President of the United States, in view of the fact that the work had already been com- menced, issued his proclamation announcing the Exhibition and National Celebration, and commended them to the people of the United States and of all nations. In this great Exhibition Florida should not be unrepresented. The varied products of her soil, if there fully set forth, must and will necessarily attract attention to the wonderful resources that bounteous nature has lavished upon her. She will have an opportunity never before offered us of exhibiting to the world what climate and soil have done for her. I recommend the passage of a joint resolution authorizing the appointment of a State Board of five persons State Commissioners, which should be composed only of those who are thoroughly familiar with the resources and products of the State. It will be the duty of the Board to take charge of the interest of this State and of its citizens in matters relating to the Exhibition, to disseminate the necessary information, issue invitations to participate, receive and pronounce upon applications for space, to apportion the space placed at its dis- posal, and all matters relating to the approaching Exhibition, as far as the State is concerned, should be transacted through them. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR M. L. STEARNS. January, 1875. Governor Hart, in his last annual message, called the attention of the Legislature to the importance of having the varied products of Florida properly represented at the great Inter- national Exhibition of 1876, and recommended the passage of a joint resolution authorizing the appointment of a Board of State Commissioners to take charge of the interests of the State and of its citizens in all matters relating to the Exhibition. The Legislature, how- .ever, took no action, and as the matter could not be longer deferred, I assumed the respon- sibility, in April last, of appointing the following Board, viz. : Judge Charles H. Du Pont, of Quincy; Hon. T. W. Osborn, of Jacksonville; Dr. Arthur V. Conover, of St. Augus- tine; Hon. George E. Wentworth, of Pensacola; and Hon. Edward C. Howe, of Key West. These gentlemen accepted the trust, except the first named, who declined, and in his place I have appointed Hon. D. S. Walker, who has signified his acceptance. I submit this action to your honorable body for approval, and ask that you clothe them with the necessary authority to carry into full effect the objects of their appointment. I cannot but express my surprise and regret at the indifference with which the people of Florida seem to regard this important Exhibition. It offers an opportunity never before presented, and which may perhaps never be presented again, of displaying before our sister States and the world our abundant, but as yet undeveloped, agricultural and industrial resources, and of placing Florida in her proper position as one of the most favored States in the Union. The women of Florida, under the direction of Mrs. Ellen Call Long, Com- missioner for Florida of the Women's United States Centennial Auxiliary Association, J34 INTERN A TIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. si; t, .ution. whose eloquent appeal, issued in October last, should have found a ready echo in every patriotic heart, have already set to work, and I sincerely trust that the men of Florida will not be long behind them in seeking to uphold the dignity and advance the fame of their beautiful State. Georgia GEORGIA. RESOLUTION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA. Approved March 6, 1875. Resolved, That his Excellency the Governor be, and he is hereby, authorized and re- quested to cause the proper steps to be taken, under the direction and control of the Com- missioners of Agriculture, for affording the necessary facilities to the people of this State for forwarding and exhibiting products of the soil and mines, mechanics, and other resources of the State, at the approaching Centennial Exhibition, to be held in the City of Phila- delphia, in the year 1876, and in visiting the same; Provided, that persons receiving the benefit of such facilities and organization be first required to pay such sum as will cover all expenses. The State to be in no way liable for any expense or costs incurred, of any kind, but the same to be borne, exclusively, by the persons taking the benefits as aforesaid, under such rules and regulations as the Governor may prescribe, by which, with combined action, exhibitors may obtain the best advantages in reduction of freights and passage, order, and safety in the exhibition and care of the property. Resolved, further, That the State University be requested to furnish the proper data for the Bureau of History and Statistics in the approaching Centennial Exhibition, and for this purpose the officers of the University, or persons charged by it with the work, have access to the archives and public library of the State, and the State Geologist be requested to fur- nish the necessary surveys, geological information, and specimens from his office ; Provided, that this work be accomplished with no expense to the State, beyond the actual cost of freight and handling of the articles and packages sent by said University and the State Geologist as aforesaid, a schedule and estimate of which shall be made and filed in the Executive Office, and approved by the Governor before the articles are sent. Idaho. IDAHO. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR T. W. BENNETT. December 8, 1874. The Congress of the United States, by an Act of March 3, 1871, authorized and made provision for duly celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of our National Independ- ence, by holding in the City of Philadelphia an " International Exhibition of Arts, Manu- factures, and Products of the Soil and Mine." This Exhibition will open on the iQth day of April, 1876, and continue six months. The President, upon the recommendation of the several Governors, has appointed one Commissioner and one Alternate Commissioner in each State and Territory. In this Territory the Commissioners are the Hon. Thomas Don- aldson and C. W. Moore, Esq., gentlemen whose ability, energy, and thorough acquaint- ance with the subject render them eminently fitted for the performance of the duties imposed upon them. And in pursuance of official instructions to me, I have appointed a Board of Managers for this Territory. My instructions as to the duties of this Board are as follows, viz. : " To provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and to organize a imiform system to thii end throughout the United States, the several States and APPENDIX D. !35 Territories are invited and recommended to appoint, as early as possible, State Centennial State action Managers. They should be selected entirely with regard to their familiarity with the Id ho> resources, arts, and products of their State, their business experience, and executive skill. The State Managers, with the United States Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner, shall constitute the State Board of Centennial Managers for each State and Territory. " On the State Board will devolve all the responsibility of organizing its State or Terri- tory, and of securing its thorough representation in the Exhibition. It will have to care for the interests of its own State and of its citizens in matters relating to the Exhibition; to dis- seminate information about it ; to issue invitations to participate ; to receive and pronounce upon applications for space ; to apportion the space placed at its disposal among the exhib- itors from its State ; and to supervise such other details relating to the representation of its citizens in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United States Centennial Commission." This Board of Managers consists of the following-named gentlemen, the mention of whose names I am assured will inspire the confidence of the people, viz. : General L. F. Cartee, Hon. John Hailey, Thomas E. Logan, Esq., J. C. Isaacs, Esq., Thomas Ranney, Esq., A. Rossi, Esq., C. Jacobs, Esq., Austin Savage, Esq., Boise City; W. J. Hill, Esq., Silver City; Hon. Ben. Wilson, Pioneer City; Hon. L. P. Brown, Mount Idaho; Hon. John McNally, Red Warrior. A majority of the Board were appointed from Boise City in order that a quorum could always be had for business. The object of the Exhibition is a grand one. As a celebration of the great event which gave birth to this mighty Republic, it is calculated to inspire every citizen with the patriotic resolve, that as our fathers have transmitted these free institutions to us through the cen- tury passed, so we will transmit them onward through the century to come, growing brighter and grander as they go. As an exhibition of the arts, products, and industries of the" coun- try, its effects will be momentous for good throughout the civilized world. The Exhibition is to be held at the right time, and in the right place. Through you. the people's repre- sentatives, I beseech of them a hearty co-operation, to the end that the great resources of Idaho may be made known to the world, and the success of the great enterprise assured. ILLINOIS. Illinois. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. BEVERIDGE. January 6, 1874. I desire to call the attention of the Legislature to the International Exhibition of 1876, in Philadelphia, and submit herewith for its consideration a circular, issued November 12, 1873, ty the United States Centennial Commission, inviting the several States and Terri- tories to appoint State Centennial Managers. The importance of this Exhibition, inter- national in its character, commemorative of American Independence, and associated with the honor and future prosperity of the nation, demands that the arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mines of Illinois be well represented ; and I ask that the Legisla- ture take early action, and intimate, by law or resolution, the will of the people in this matter. JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ILLINOIS. Adapted March 30, 1874. Whereas, The United States Centennial Commission has requested the appointment, in each State, of a State Board of Managers to represent their respective States at the Interna- tional Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, in 1876; therefore, Resolved by the Senate, the House concurring herein. That the Governor be, and is 136 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, hereby, authorized to appoint a State Board of Managers, consisting of seven members, two of whom shall be the United States Centennial Commissioners, and Alternate^ hereto- fore appointed to represent the interests of this State at the International Exhibition, to be held at the City of Philadelphia, in 1876; and the Governor is also authorized to require the State Board of Managers annually to report to him their proceedings on or before the first day of January, to be by him submitted to the General Assembly ; Provided, that said Board of Managers shall not incur any expenses, personal or otherwise, on behalf of the State. Adopted March 30, 1874. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. BEVERIDGE. January 6, 1875. The Twenty-eighth General Assembly, by resolution, authorized the appointment of a State Board of Managers to represent Illinois in the International Exhibition, to be held in Philadelphia, in 1876, under the auspices of the United States Centennial Commission, with instructions to report to this Legislature. The Board was appointed, and their report will be transmitted to the General Assembly when received. I wish to impress upon the Legislature, and upon the people of the State, the importance and magnitude of this International Exhibition. It will open on the iQth day of April, in commemoration of the battle of Lexington, the beginning of the Revolutionary struggle; it will close on the I9th day of October, in commemoration of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, the triumph of American arms. It, is inaugurated in honor of the one hundredth anniversary of our independence, and of the Centennial year of our national existence; and to exhibit to the world our won- derful growth, development, wealth, and resources, our arts and industries, our civilization and national greatness, and the glory and magnificence of American institutions. Up to the 1 8th of last December twenty-two foreign Governments had signified their intention to participate in the Exhibition, and unofficial advices had been received of exten- sive preparations being made in four others for a large display of their industries. These Governments represent both continents, and are among the oldest, most powerful, and most enlightened nations of the earth. Illinois should share in the honor and advantages of this Exhibition, and I recommend such action on the part of the General Assembly as will secure to the State a notable repre- sentation of its history, industry, art, mechanism, minerals, manufactories, and agriculture. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. BEVERIDGE. February 17, 1875. To THE HONORABLE THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: I have the honor to transmit the annual report of the State Board of Centennial Man- agers for the year 1874. This Board was appointed by the Governor in 1874, in accordance with the Joint Resolution of the General Assembly, adopted by the Senate January 30, 1874, as follows: [See resolution printed above.] As will be seen by the report of the Board of Managers, they desire, in the furtherance of their duties, an appropriation of ten thousand dollars from the State. In view of the near approach of the Centennial Exhibition and its prospective impor- tance to the industrial and other interests of our State, I recommend a proper consideration of their request, as has been indicated in my Annual Message. JOHN L. BEVERIDGE, Governor. APPENDIX D. 137 ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ILLINOIS. State action. Illinois. April 8, 1875. A BILL for an Act to appropriate money to defray the expenses of the State Board of Man- agers to represent Illinois in the Centennial Exhibition, at Philadelphia, in 1876, and facilitate a proper representation of the Industries of this State in said Exhibition. Whereas, In accordance with a Joint Resolution of the Twenty-eighth General Assem- bly, a State Board of Managers, to represent the interests of Illinois in the Centennial Ex- hibition, at Philadelphia, in 1876, have been appointed ; And whereas, it is necessary to a proper discharge of their duties that the State should provide the necessary funds to defray the expenses thereof; therefore, SECTION i. Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly, That the sum of ten thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated to the use of the State Board of Managers, appointed to represent Illinois in the International Exhibition, to be held in Philadelphia, in 1876, under the auspices of the United States Centennial Commission. SEC. 2. The Auditor is hereby directed to draw his warrant upon the Treasurer, upon vouchers approved by the Governor, for the expenses incurred by said State Board of Man- agers, and certified by the President and Secretary of said Board; Provided, that the members of said Board of Managers shall receive no compensation for their services. Became a law April 8, 1875. INDIANA. Indiana. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. HENDRICKS. January 7, 1875. On the 3d day of March, 1871, an Act of Congress was adopted declaring that "it behooves the people of the United States to celebrate by appropriate ceremonies the Cen- tennial Anniversary" of the signing and promulgation of the Declaration of the Independ- ence of the United States ; and that it is appropriate to commemorate the completion of the first century of our national existence by an exhibition of the natural resources of the country, and of our progress in those arts which benefit mankind, in comparison with older nations ; and declaring also that " the Exhibition should be a national celebration in which the people of the whole country should participate," and that " it should have the sanction of the Congress of the United States." In accordance with that declaration the Act of Congress provided : " That an Exhibition of American and foreign arts, products, and manu- factures shall be held under the auspices of the Government of the United States in the City of Philadelphia in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six." Provision was also made for a Commission to execute the will of Congress so declared. The organization has been completed, and the State of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia have appro- priated large sums of money to aid the enterprise. The work of preparation has been commenced and is rapidly advancing. The designs contemplate an Exhibition suitable for the great occasion. The Act of Congress has committed our country and the people to the celebration. A failure would cause us national humiliation. Success will gratify our national pride, and at the same time promote our prosperity by attracting the people and wealth of other countries. I recommend that you make such provision as will secure to the people of Indiana and their interests a full and advantageous representation. [NOTE. An Act of the Legislature of Indiana, approved March 16, 1875, appropriated 55000 to be used for the representation of the State in the Exhibition.] 138 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. J Q -\fj p^ Iowa EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR C. C. CARPENTER. January, 1874. My predecessor appointed Hon. Robert Lc wry and Hon. C. F. Clarkson Commissioner and Alternate to represent Iowa in the United Slates Centennial Commission. They have performed their duties with credit to the State; and as the time approaches for this grand Exhibition in commemoration of the hundredth anniversary of our national independence, the greatness of the undertaking and the responsibility of those having it in charge become more and more apparent. In connection with this subject several documents have been forwarded to this office making suggestions as to the steps which it seems necessary each State should take for itself in order to secure a rroper representation in the Exhibition. I regard it as highly important that Iowa should make a creditable exhibition of the products of her soil, art, and industry in this great World's Fair, and will, therefore, at an early dry lay the documents which have been transmitted to me before the General Assembly, with such other suggestions as may occur to me as of importance at the time. EXTRACT FROM THE SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR C. C. CARPENTER. January 31, 1874. GENTLEMEN OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: In furtherance of the purpose expressed in my biennial message, I transmit, for such disposition as you may deem wise, the following communications in regard to the Centennial Exhibition, viz. : A letter from H:n. Robert Lowry, Commissioner, signed also by Hon. C. F. Clarkson, Alternate Commissioner, in respect to the character and objects of the Exhibition; also a letter from General A. T. Goshorn, Director-General United States Cen- tennial Commission, calling attention to the steps each State will be required to take to secure a creditable representation therein. I have also inclosed circulars numbers 19, 39, and 50 of the Board of Commissioners, the last being entitled " Information for Exhibitors in the United States." These official papers will give the General Assembly, or any Committee to which they may be referred, full and reliable information upon the salient points to be considered in regard to this great National Exhibition. It is, therefore, unnecessary for me to elaborate what has been said by gentlemen whose sources of information could not fail to give them correct knowledge of what will be required from our State in order that we may compare favorably with others. There is one recommendation, however, which, in view of my interpretation of the truth that "the laborer is worthy of his hire," I cannot forbear to make ; and I desire it to be understood that I do this from my own sense of fairness, as neither of the Commissioners has suggested the desire for a recommendation of this character. Our Commissioners are eminently fitted, by aptitude and attainments, for their positions. Much to the credit, as it will be greatly to the advantage of Iowa, Mr. Lowry has been made Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture. Mr. Clarkson is not only a practical farmer, but an intelligent and forcible writer upon agricultural and other subjects. It therefore seems to me, if these men give their time to this work (and one of them, if not both, should devote nearly, if not quite the entire interval from now until the close of the Exhibition in looking after the interests of Iowa therein), that the State should pay their expenses. I do not regard this as a recommendation for a donation to help on a celebnuioo APPENDIX D. 139 which appeals to the patriotic impulses of every American, for I believe, throwing out of State action view every consideration of patriotism, that the money expended economically and carefully Iowa - in securing a proper representation of Iowa in this Exhibition will be returned to the State increased at least fourfold. C. C. CARPENTER. EXECUTIVE OFFICE, January 31, 1874. SPECIAL PAPERS (ACCOMPANYING GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE) January, 1874. THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876, IN PHILADELPHIA. COMMISSIONERS' LETTER. To HIS EXCELLENCY C. C. CARPENTER, Governor of Iowa : DEAR SIR, In compliance with your request to write you a letter in reference to the objects and progress of the Centennial Exhibition, we as the representatives of the State of Iowa in the United States Centennial Commission, constituted by an Act of Congress approved March 3, 1871, providing for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence by holding a Centennial International Exhibition of the Arts, Manu- factures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsyl- vania, in the year 1876, under the auspices of the Government of the United States, most respectfully submit the following : A Commissioner and Alternate from each State and Territory are constituted by an ap- pointment of the President, upon recommendations of the Governors of the several States and Territories ; whose duty it is to prepare and superintend a plan for holding the Exhibi- tion, and to fix upon a suitable site within the limits of the City of Philadelphia where the Exhibition shall be held. It is made the duty of the Commission to report to Congress a suitable date for opening the Exhibition, plans for the reception and classification of articles for exhibition, custom-house regulations for the introduction of foreign articles, etc. It appears from the bill that Congress at the time of its passage was laboring under a fit of great economy not always characteristic of that body. It provides that the Commissioner and Alternate shall receive no compensation whatever, and that the United States shall not be liable for any expenses ; leaving the labor, expenses, and responsibility to be borne by private citizens, with such aid as can be given by the City of Philadelphia and the several States and Territories. While the monarchical governments of the world have appropriated millions of dollars for the erection of suitable buildings, and other necessary expenses, for International Exhibitions in their own countries, and our Congress has appropriated thou- sands of dollars to send Commissioners to their International Exhibitions, it has not as yet appropriated one dollar for the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the birth of the greatest republican government the world has ever seen. The Centennial Exhibition will be international and universal: international, inasmuch as all the nations have been officially invited to participate in it ; and universal, because representative of all arts, in- dustries, and manufactures, and all the various results of human skill, thought, and imagi- nation. Here will be spread out before us the manufactures of Great Britain, the source of all her power, with her noble draught and fast running horses, her fine cattle of Here- fords, Devons, and Ayrshires, her splendid sheep of Leicesters, Cotswolds, and Saxony, her best breed of hogs. From France will come articles of taste and utility, exquisite in design and perfect in execution, with her horses, cattle, and sheep, her sugar-beet and olive oil. From Russia, iron and leather no nations have learned to excel. From Prussia, her various manufactured articles, her splendid wheat and barley. Austria will be there with her great mineral wealth. Berlin and Munich with artistic productions in iron and bronze. From Turkey, her rich carpets. From Arabia, the best coffee that grows, with her noble Arabian horses. From Switzerland, her unequaled wood-carvings and delicate watch-works. From Bohemia will come the perfections of glass-blowing and musical instruments. From 140 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, poor old Spain, to whose daring public spirit, nearly four centuries ago, we owe the possi- bility of this hour, will come the evidence of greatness, now unhappily faded away for the want of education among her people, with her herds of cattle and fine Merino sheep. From Nineveh and Pompeii, the evidence of the buried past. From China, her curious workmanship, the result of accumulated ingenuity, reaching back beyond the time when history began. Matchless wood-work from Japan. From Persia will come her gorgeous fabrics to diversify and stimulate our trade. From our near neighbor, the Dominion of Canada, will come her manufactured articles of utility, her fine horses and cattle, and her wheat and barley. All the States and Territories of the Union will have adequate space assigned them in the buildings of the great Centennial Exhibition for the display of their own arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mine. Iowa will have a place assigned to her. Shall it be filled by the rich products of her soil, mines, arts, manufactures, or shall it remain empty ? It is estimated that there will be ten millions of visitors there. We feel sufficient pride in the renown of our own State the noble " Hawk-Eye State" to believe that the space assigned to it will be visited by all. Shall it be empty, or full ; vacant, or crowded with articles showing the immense agricul- tural and mineral wealth of the young giant of the West ? Citizens of Iowa, the great responsibility rests with you. Shall Iowa then occupy the same position in the Centennial Exhibition as has been assigned her, as one of the richest States in the Union in the pro- ducts of her soil, the healthfulness of her climate, her freedom from State indebtedness, her humane laws, and her boundaries in the largest and noblest rivers in the world ; only tiventy- eight years old, with a population of upwards of one million two Jmndred thoiisand souls, with more miles of railroads in operation than any other State in the Union, except six, and with millions of acres of her rich, fertile soil still unoccupied ? The Centennial Commission have had four meetings in Philadelphia, have selected four hundred and fifty acres of ground in Fairmoimt Park, have decided upon the plan of the buildings, and have fixed upon the day for opening and closing the Exhibition. The opening of the Exhibition will take place on the ipth day of April, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, and it will close on the ipth day of October, the anniversary of the battle and surrender of Yorktovvn.* Congress has also passed a bill creating a Board of Finance, whose duty is to raise the requisite funds to erect the necessary buildings. The Board of Finance consists of four from each State at large, and two from each Congressional district. Iowa has twenty-tv/o, selected by the members of Congress from their respective districts. The following are the names of the gentlemen selected : For the State at large : Samuel Murdock, L. W. Ross, J. M. Shaffer, F. R. West. First District: James Putnam, Arthur Bridgman. Second District: Milo Smith, John Helsinger. Third District: B. B. Richards, James H. Easton. Fourth District : S. H. Curtis, John B. Powers. Fifth District : John F. Ely, John P. Irish. Sixth District: H. S. Winslow, H. Tannehill. Seventh District: B. F. Murray, P. Gad Bryan. Eighth District: William Hale, Wayne Stennitt. Ninth District: E. R. Kirk, N. B. Hyatt. The stockholders of the Board of Finance have elected Hon. John Welsh, of Philadelphia, President; Hon. Frederick Fraley, of Philadelphia, Secretary; and some twenty-five Directors. Hon. B. F. Allen, of Iowa, and Governor Washburn, of Wisconsin, represent the Western States in the Board of Directors. What amount of stock the people of Iowa have taken we do not know, but are apprehensive that it is as yet very little. We do hope that at least part of Iowa's quota will be taken. California and Oregon are fully alive to the important interest they have as States in the Exhibition, and are pledged to take their full quota of stock. Philadelphia and Pennsylvania have taken upward of three millions of dollars. The Centennial Exhibition being national and in commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of our national independence, it does appear to us that Congress should make * These dates were subsequently changed to May 10 and Nov. 10. APPEADIX D. 141 a reasonable appropriation for the erection of the necessary buildings for the Exhibition, State action, and not leave the whole responsibility of raising the necessary funds to rest with Pennsyl- Iowa, vania. We have no authority to speak for our Iowa delegation in Congress ; they have a habit of speaking for themselves ; but we feel assured that they will manifest their patri- otism, their regard for their dear ancestors, and their love of country by voting for a reasonable appropriation. As President Grant has officially notified all the nations of the earth that the United States is going to hold a Centennial International Exhibition in the year 1876, and has invited them all to come and see, and has already been notified of the acceptance of the invitation by a number of the nations, it is to be hoped that the greatest republican government the world has ever seen will be fully prepared, panic or no panic, to make such a display, such an exhibition of her greatness, her power, her arts and manu- factures, and the products of her soil and mines, as has never before been exhibited in the world. In behalf of our great State, which we have the honor to represent in the United States Centennial Commission, we invoke your assistance, and that of the Legislature, in the work of providing that our State shall on that important occasion be thoroughly repre- sented. After examination of the practice of previous International Exhibitions, and con- sidering the particular difficulties imposed in the present Exhibition by reason of the great extent of our country and the varied nature of its products, the Centennial Commission have concluded that in no other way can a thorough representation of the resources of each of the States in the Union be so certainly insured as by the appointment, under the auspices of each State government, of a State Board of Centennial Managers, to consist of five, specially charged with the duty of perfecting the exhibit to be made by its own State. The objects to be displayed in the Exhibition will be arranged in ten Departments, named as follows :* 1. Raw Materials, Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal. 2. Materials and Manufactures used for Food or in the Arts, the result of extracting or combining processes. 3. Textile and Felted Fabrics; Apparel; Costumes and Ornaments for the Person. 4. Furniture, and Manufactures of General Use in Construction and in Dwellings. 5. Tools, Implements, Machines, and Processes. 6. Motors and Transportation. 7. Apparatus and Methods for the Increase and Diffusion of Knowledge. 8. Engineering, Public Works, Architecture, etc. 9. Plastic and Graphic Arts. 10. Objects Illustrating Efforts for the Improvement of the Physical, Intellectual, and Moral Condition of Man. It should be a matter of State pride with us to see that Iowa is represented in as many of these Departments as possible, and that the objects she contributes shall adequately in- dicate her great resources. It will also be a measure of sound policy and economy to display to the millions of visitors who will assemble at Philadelphia in 1876, from our own country and from abroad, such evidence of the rich products of her soil and mines as shall direct to our vast unbroken prairies an enlarged flow of immigration, and attract capital from abroad to be invested in manufactures, which are so inseparably connected with our great agricultural interests. No such opportunity for making known to the world the attractions of Iowa is likely to recur within the days of the present generation. Under these circumstances it is to be hoped that the Board of Centennial Managers for Iowa will- be afforded every facility for the satisfactory performance of their duty which an enlight- ened public spirit and liberality can suggest. Other States are already in advance of us in this work of preparation, and although there is time enough, if diligently employed, for the collection of an exhibition in which our people may take pride, yet there is no time to lose. The Board of Centennial Managers should be organized with as little delay as * There were ultimately seven departments instead of ten. See Form No. 104, page 60. I4 2 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, i8-]6. State action, possible, and should establish a central office from which to disseminate information to Iowa - exhibitors. With much respect, we remain your obedient servants, ROBERT LOWRY, Commissioner. C. F. CLARKSON, Alternate Commissioner. January 1874. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF IOWA. Approved February 26, 1876. AN ACT to appropriate money to aid in exhibiting the resources and prodiicts of the State of Iowa at the Centennial Exhibition. SECTION I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, That the sum of twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and is hereby, appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of aiding in exhibiting the resources, industries, and products of the State of Iowa at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in the year A.D. 1876. SEC. 2. The money hereby appropriated, or so much thereof as may be found necessary, shall be expended for said purpose by the Executive Council, in such manner as they may direct, and all claims payable out of this appropriation shall be audited and allowed by the Executive Council before payment, and upon the audit and allowance of such claim or claims, the Auditor shall issue his warrant therefor. SEC. 3. All articles for exhibition procured by the Executive Council at the expense of the State, or that shall be donated to the State, shall remain the property of the State, sub- ject to the control of the Executive Council, and at the close of said Exhibition said articles, or those for which they may be exchanged by the Executive Council, shall be returned to the Capitol of the State to be disposed of as the General Assembly shall by law direct, and the Executive Council are hereby authorized to exchange any of the articles on exhibition for other articles exhibited at said Exhibition as 'in their discretion they may deem advisa- ble for the interest of the State. In all cases where money is expended under this Act by the Executive Council in aiding any individual or individuals in preparing or transporting articles for exhibition, they are hereby authorized to make such contracts with such individuals in regard to the ownership or disposition of the articles so prepared, transported, or exhibited, as the Executive Council shall deem best for the interest of the State; but no such contract shall in any manner bind the State for the payment of any money beyond the sum hereby appropriated, nor shall the State be or become liable to any person or persons for the loss, destruction, injury, or keep- ing of any articles or property intrusted to said Executive Council, to the State, or its agents, for the purpose of keeping, preparing, transporting, or exhibiting, or for any other purpose under the provisions of this Act. SEC. 4. For the purpose of carrying this Act into effect the Governor is hereby authorized to appoint an Exhibition Manager, and such assistants as he deems necessary, who shall give such bonds for the faithful performance of their duties, and who shall perform such duties, make such report and receive such compensation out of the appropriation as the Executive Council may prescribe ; but said Manager and assistants shall in no event demand, or receive, or become entitled to any compensation from the State other than that derived or paid out of the money appropriated by this Act. SEC. 5. The Executive Council shall at the close of said Exhibition make a full report of the money expended, and of all their proceedings, and of all the property to which the State becomes entitled under the provisions of this Act, and file the same in the office of the Secretary of State, who shall lay the same before the General Assembly at its next session. APPENDIX D. 143 SEC. 6. The Executive Council are hereby authorized and empowered to receive all such State action, donations and gifts of articles for exhibition, or moneys as may be offered by any person or Iowa - persons, and to disburse and account for the same as herein provided. SEC. 7. This Act being deemed of immediate importance, it shall take effect and be in full force from and after its publication in the State Register and Iowa State Leader, news- papers published in Des Moines, Iowa. Approved February 26, 1876. KANSAS. Kansas. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. OSBORN. 1874. A communication from Hon. John A. Martin, United States Centennial Commissioner for Kansas, and Hon. Geo. A. Crawford, Alternate Commissioner, recommending the creation of a State Board, by the Legislature, to co-operate with them in securing for the State a proper representation of its resources at the Centennial International Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia in 1876, is herewith laid before you. The communication contains many valuable suggestions, and it is hoped that it may receive that consideration which the importance of the subject o r which it treats seems to demand. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF KANSAS. Approved March 9, 1874. Ax ACT providing for the appointment of Jive State Centennial Managers for the Inter- national Exhibition at Philadelphia for 1876, and defining their duties. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas : SECTION I. That the Governor is hereby empowered and directed to appoint, prior to April I, 1874, five persons as S f ate Centennial Managers for Kansas, to act in connection with the United States Centennial Commission in the celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, in 1876, by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine. The said persons so to be appointed by the Governor shall be se- lected entirely with regard to their familiarity with the resources, arts, and products of the State, their business experience and executive skill, and shall be residents of the State at the time of their appointment. SEC. 2. That the said State Managers, with the United States Commissioner and Alter- nate Commissioner of Kansas, shall constitute the State Board of Centennial Managers for the State, and said State Board shall have to care for the interests of the State and of its citizens in matters relating to the International Exhibition in Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania, in 1876; to disseminate information about it; to issue invitations to participate; to receive and pronounce upon applications for space in the Exhibition; to apportion the space placed at its disposal among the exhibitors from the State; and to supervise such other details re latin^ to the representation of its citizens in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United States Centennial Commission. SEC. 3. That the State Centennial Managers shall hold their office for the term of three years, unless sooner removed by the Governor for cause ;' and any vacancy that may exist in the office of said State Centennial Managers by resignation, death, or otherwise, shall at once be filled by the Governor by the appointment of a fit and suitable person to fill such vacancy. SEC. 4. The State Board of Centennial Managers for this State shall occupy the rooms I 4 4 INTERNATIONAL EXPI1BIT10N, 1876. State action. i n the Capitol now occupied by the State Board of Agriculture, with the Board of Agri Kansas. culture, jointly. SEC. 5. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its publication in the Kansas Weekly Commonwealth. Approved March 9, 1874. I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the original enrolled bill now on file in my office, and that the same was published in the Weekly Common- wealth, March 26, 1874. W. II . SMALLWOOD, Secretary of State. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. OSBORN. January 28, 1875. To THE LEGISLATURE: I transmit herewith a communication from the Board of Managers for this State of the Centennial Exhibition, to be held in Philadelphia in 1876. With the suggestions and recommendations embraced in this communication I cordially concur. There can be no difference of opinion, I apprehend, as to the advisability and impor- tance of the State being represented upon the occasion of that great anniversary. As a State, Kansas has done but little, directly, to further the interests of immigration. The work has been mainly promoted by private and corporate agencies. Nevertheless, the results have been of the first importance in contributing to our rapid progress and develop- ment. The small expenditures made by the State in this behalf have certainly produced remunerative returns. It cannot be doubted that the collection and display of fruits at the leading competitive exhibitions of the Eastern States, the premiums received for such dis- plays, and the laudatory mention of the same in the principal journals of the country, were largely instrumental in directing attention to the capabilities of Kansas, and in inducing immigration. It is equally apparent that the enterprise of the principal railway companies during the last few years, in making extensive collections of the productions of localities adjacent to their lines, and exhibiting them at the great industrial expositions of the country, has been productive of excellent results. Rarely in the history of a State is so favorable an opportunity presented for placing its advantages before the world in an attractive light, and we may not unreasonably conclude, that at no future period of our history will it be in our power to accomplish so much for Kansas at comparative slight cost. The great disaster resulting from the grasshopper visitation a calamity purely exceptional in its character will have no permanent influence detrimental to our prosperity, unless unwarranted prejudices, affecting the reputation of the State for extensive and diversified production, shall be permitted to take root in the minds of the general public. I can conceive of no more efficient mode of dispelling unreason- able prejudices of this character than by making at Philadelphia, in the presence of repre- sentatives from every quarter of the globe, such an illustrative exhibition of our vast and varied resources as it will be easily within our power to make. It may be proper to suggest that whatever is to be done should be done promptly. The collection of the materials for exhibition, their arrangement, classification, etc., the prepa- ration of the space assigned to Kansas in the Exhibition, and the measures necessary to secure the co-operation of individual and corporate enterprise, must all be attended to during the present year, to render our share in the Centennial in any degree worthy of the State. THOMAS A. OSBORN. APPENDIX D. 145 LETTER OF THE KANSAS STATE BOARD OF CENTENNIAL State action. MANAGERS. HON. T. A. OSBGRN, Governor, etc. : DEAR SIR, The State Board of Centennial Managers, appointed by authority of the Legislature, desire to call your attention to the necessity of an appropriation to carry on the work with which we are charged, and to ask that you present this subject to the Legisla- ture for its action. The Centennial Exhibition will open at Philadelphia on the 1 9th of April, and will close on the igth of October, 1876. We believe that a full exhibition of the agricultural and industrial products of Kansas on that occasion would be of great material benefit to the State and its people. After full consultation, we have concluded that such an exhibition can best be made in a building to be erected on the Centennial grounds, near the Main Exhibition building, in which can be collected and exhibited, in a compact and attractive form, the best products of our fields, orchards, woods, work-shops, mines, etc. Several other States contemplate exhibitions of such character, and we are assured by the Director-General of the National Exhibition that ample space will be assigned to Kan- sas for this purpose. In view of the condition of our people, the National Centennial Com- mission will not expect from our State any subscription to the general fund necessary for conducting such an enterprise ; but Kansas ought to be able to collect and make a display that will be creditable to her resources, and that will demonstrate to the vast multitude of visitors that she is rich in all the elements that go to make up a prosperous Commonwealth. We suggest that in order to make such a display, the work of collecting be entered upon at an early day. We propose to collect specimens of the grains in the sheaf and clean grains ; of fruits and vegetables, making models of such as are so perishable that they cannot be kept for exhibition; samples of wood growth, fruit, and timber; a full collection of botanical and geological specimens; specimens of the birds and animals of the State; samples of the manufactured products of our artisans, and such curiosities and objects of interest as will add to the value and increase the attractiveness of the exhibition. Much of this work, as you will readily understand, must be done during the present year ; and to do it properly, or at all, in fact, we must have the means necessary to provide for the expense attending such a labor. We therefore respectfully request that you early bring the subject, by a special message or otherwise, to the attention of the Legislature, in order that we may confer with a joint committee of that body in regard to this important matter, and submit to them the plans that we have matured, and the measures necessary to carry them out. Very respectfully, your obedient servants, (Signed) GEO. T. ANTHONY, G. A. CRAWFORD, JOHN A. MARTIN, S. T. KELSEY. E. W. DENNIS, A. J. NORTH, D. J. EVANS, Board of Commissioners. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF KANSAS. Approved March 6, 1875. AN ACT to authorize the State Centennial Managers to collect materials and to preserve and prepare the same for exhibition at Philadelphia, in eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and to provide for defraying the expenses thereof, being supplementary to chapter forty- four of the laws of eighteen hundred and seventy-four. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas : SECTION I. The State Centennial Managers, appointed in pursuance of chapter forty- four of the laws of eighteen hundred and seventy-four, are hereby authorized and directed 10 146 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, during the year eighteen hundred and seventy-five to collect, preserve, and prepare for exhi- bition at Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, in such manner as, in their judgment, shall be for the best interest of the State, and will best effect the object of their appointment, materials, including selections and specimens of nature, art, and industry in Kansas, so as to represent as far as possible, and to the best advantage, the natural and artificial resources of the State, the rocks, mines, and quarries; the prairies, hills, and forests ; the fields, gardens, and orchards ; the grains, grasses, fruits, and vegeta- bles; the trees, shrubs, and flowers; the soil, its productions, quality, and capacity, shall all be represented in such selections, with such other things as can be secured and preserved, to the end that a complete, thorough, and fair exhibition may be had of the actual and possible productions of the State. SEC. 2. Said Managers shall also prepare and have printed for distribution at the Exhibi- tion a complete condensed history of the State, showing its physical features, its early settle- ment, its birds, fishes, and animals, climate, geographical position, educational, religious, and charitable institutions, agricultural and manufacturing industries, streams and water- powers, railroads and other means of transportation, growth in population and wealth, character and habits of the people, and any other matters which will aid in making up a summary view of the birth, progress, and present condition of the State. SEC. 3. Five thousand dollars ($5000), or so much thereof as is necessary, are hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act, to be paid by the Treasurer on warrants from the Auditor ; but the Auditor shall not issue his warrant for any moneys appropriated by this Act except upon the filing in his office of an itemized statement, signed by the President of the Board of Centennial Managers, and countersigned by the Secretary of said Board, showing in detail for what the expense has been incurred, and verified by the oath of one member of the said Board of Managers. SEC. 4. This Act shall take effect, and be in force from and after its publication in the statute book. Approved March 6, 1875. I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the original enrolled bill now on file in my office. THOMAS H. CAVANAUGH, Secretary of State. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. OSBORN. January 1 1, 1876. The able and exhaustive report of the State Board of Agriculture is herewith transmitted to the Legislature. **-**'#'''#'** t * * In addition to the labor heretofore performed by this branch of the Government, it laot year had entire supervision of the taking of the census of the State, a labor of by no means inconsiderable proportions, and also had charge of the details of the work of the Board of Centennial Managers. The State Board cannot be too highly commended for the manner in which it has performed its duty. ***###*** At the last session of the Legislature an appropriation of $5000 was made to enable the State Board of Managers to " preserve and prepare for exhibition at Philadelphia, . . . materials, including selections of nature, art, and industry in Kansas, so as to represent, as far as possible, and to the best advantage, the natural and artificial resources of the State," etc. The Board have performed the duty assigned to them with commendable energy and efficiency. Considerable collections of cereals, woods, etc., have been made, as well as APPENDIX D. ! 4 7 specimens illustrative of the natural history of the State. Several able writers have united State action, in the preparation of a work which exhibits, in a condensed form, its varied resources, and Kansas - the progress which has been made in their development, together with a succinct historical sketch. This work will soon be published, and will be laid before you. It is manifest that the public interest in the Exhibition has gradually widened and deepened during the past year. It is equally manifest, however, that the responsibility for the share which Kansas will have in that great enterprise must rest chiefly upon the State Government, and that no great reliance can be placed upon voluntary efforts. The Man- agers have determined I judge with the general acquiescence of the public that it would be to the interest of the State to erect a separate building upon the Exhibition grounds for the display of Kansas products, as well as for a general rendezvous for Kansas people. The necessary ground has been set apart, and a plan of the structure agreed upon. To erect the building, complete the collection of materials for exhibition, defray the cost of transportation, meet the necessary expense for labor, etc., the Managers think an appropri- ation of $25,000 will be requisite. Although the sum is a large one, I believe its investment in the manner proposed would prove profitable to the State. Every portion of the civilized world will be represented at Philadelphia, and it is within our capacity to clo more for the promotion of immigration through this instrumentality than by years of ordinary effort. An Exhibition successful beyond anything the world has yet seen seems to be assured, and it is to be hoped that our part in it will be an honorable one. It is proper to add that whatever legislation may be necessary should be perfected promptly, in order that the construction of the building may be entered upon, and the arrangements for the Exhibition completed at an early day. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. OSBORN. STATE OF KANSAS, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, TOPEKA, January 18, 1876. To THE LEGISLATURE: I transmit herewith a report of the State Board of Centennial Managers, made to me, to which I have the honor to recommend the early and earnest attention of the Legislature. The report embraces a full exhibit of the transactions of the Board, with their plans and estimates for the future. The subject is of such considerable consequence, and the matter of a creditable display at Philadelphia is so important to the State, that I feel myself justified in renewing the recommendation contained in my annual message, for the early and liberal action of the Legislature. THOMAS A. OSBORN. REPORT OF THE STATE BOARD OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS OF KANSAS. OFFICE STATE BOARD OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS, TOPEKA, January 14, 1876. To THE GOVERNOR: The State Board of Centennial Managers, at our meeting in March last, reorganized and elected permanent officers. President, George T. Anthony ; Vice-President, Edgar W. Dennis ; Treasurer, A. J. North ; Secretary, Alfred Gray. The Treasurer has given bond in the sum of $ 10,000, which has been approved by the Board. But little practical work could be done thus early. The people were busy receiving or dispensing " aid." There was depression, gloom, and doubt. At last came the prospect of an abundant harvest. PREMIUMS ON GRAINS AND GRASSES. We offered premiums of $50 and $25 for the best and second-best display of grains and grasses in the stalk. The friendly rivalry was not as general as was expected. Products 148 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. o f rare excellence were received from several counties, especially from Montgomery and Crawford. On August 12 the Committee on Awards, consisting of T. C. Henry, of Dick- inson County, William Sims, of Shawnee, W. T. Hoblitzell, of Marion, and Joshua Wheeler, of Atchison, made report as follows : To THE STATE BOARD OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS: Your Awarding Committee, appointed to examine and award the premiums for the best and second-best display of grains and grasses in the stalk, in accordance with a resolution adopted by the State Board of Centennial Managers, at their meeting on the i8th and igth of May, respectfully report that they have performed that duty under the rules adopted by the Board, and award the first premium to No. 16, for the best display of grains and grasses in the stalk, and the second premium to No. 9, for the second-best display of grains and grasses in the stalk. Your Committee, in making their report, desire to state that the following samples are deserving of special mention : No. 5, for the greatest display in varieties of wheat, containing the finest specimen entered, 5 feet in height. No. n, for the best display of flax. No. 8, for the best display of alfalfa and rye (rye 6 feet 3 inches). No. 3, for the best specimen of barley, 3 feet 9 inches. William Huffman, Wabaunsee County, for the best specimen of millet, 7 feet in height. D. Murphy, of Topeka, for a stool of rye containing 60 stalks. A specimen of timothy 4 feet 10 inches in height, grown by Philip Allen, in Delaware Township, Jefferson County, on upland. A sample of cut blue-grass, from Shawnee County, 47 inches in length. Mr. A. T. Stewart, of Winfield, Cowley County, for a very fine specimen of wheat. In addition to the above, your Committee desire to commend specially the displays con- tained in entries Nos. 3, 5, 6, 8, and n. T. C. HENRY, Chairman, WM. SIMS, W. T. HOBLITZELL, JOSHUA WHEELER. -COUNTY ORGANIZATIONS. To stimulate friendly emulation, insure impartiality, and make an exhibition representa- tive of every part of the State, we determined it should be by counties, each article to be credited by label to its proper county, and to its producer or contributor. Circulars were addressed to local agricultural societies, proprietors of newspapers, and prominent citizens of every occupation, urging the immediate organization of county societies for making the collection, and assuming the responsibility of the display by the counties. Forms of con- stitution, in blank, were furnished. It was recommended that each county society consist of not less than seven members, and that auxiliary boards be established in each town- ship. County societies were required to report to the Board once a month, on blanks fur- nished. To insure against failure, we authorized the county boards to employ for one week, at $3 per day, a competent person in each county to collect articles. The responsibility of the display for each county was thrown upon the county society, and immediate and vigorous effort was urged. The response has not justified expectation. There are but twenty-five county boards, some of which have done little or no work. A few have done well, and we have received some creditable articles from this source. We submit herewith, for guidance in further collections, a copy of instructions given as to the kind, quality, quantity, and condition of articles required, with directions for packing and shipping : APPENDIX D. 149 OFFICE OF STATE BOARD OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS, State action. TOPEKA, August, 1875. Kansas. At a recent meeting of the State Centennial Managers, it was determined : First. To make prompt and vigorous efforts to secure, by counties, creditable collections for exhibition at the International Exhibition, to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. Second, In order to insure efficiency and unity of effort, it was decided to operate through County Centennial Boards, when practicable to do so. Third. To employ, when in the estimation of the State and County Boards the objects sought would be best subserved thereby, one suitable person, for a period of not exceed- ing one week, to make collections, at a salary not exceeding $3 per day, inclusive of expenses. When it is not practicable for the State Board to send a person for this purpose, a selection will be made upon the nomination of the County Board where the work is to be performed. The efficiency of county organizations in most cases will probably render this expenditure unnecessary. It is the policy of the State Managers to secure an exhibition by counties, so that every locality may have credit for what it furnishes, and this expenditure is warranted only where the local Centennial organizations apply for it in consequence of the apathetic feeling existing among the citizens of the county. The following is a list of articles called for, and the quantity desired of each : GRAINS, GRASSES, ETC., ON THE STALK. Corn. Five stalks, pulled and retaining the root, grown on upland. Same on bottom- land. Wheat. One sheaf of each variety, when it can be procured. In no case should there be less than two sheaves from a given county. The collection may or may not include winter and spring varieties. Length and brightness of straw, length of heads and plump- ness of berry, should all be carefully considered. When the sheaves are taken from the stack, pressed into a given shape, let them retain that shape. In other words, do not per- mit the heads to be handled at all. Let the good, bad, and indifferent come just as they appear in a sheaf. They will be carefully assorted and arranged here. Rye, Barley, Oats. One sheaf of each. The same rules to be observed as in the case of wheat. A goodly proportion of bearded grains are desirable for festooning and other ornamentation. Timothy, Clover, Blue- Grass, Orchard, Hungarian, Millet, etc. One bundle of each, four inches in diameter. One bundle each of the native grasses. Flax, Hemp, and Cotton. One bundle of flax and hemp three inches in diameter, with capsules, or bolls, as perfect as possible. Three stalks of cotton containing bolls in different stages. Peanuts. Three stalks from each county. Castor Beans. Two spikes from each county. Tobacco.- One hand of each variety grown from each county. Broom- Corn. Two bundles of brush of each variety grown, three inches in diameter. One bundle to contain seed, the other to have the seed removed. CORN IN THE EAR, THRASHED GRAINS, AND SEEDS. Corn. Twelve ears each of bottom and upland corn from each county, to include field and garden varieties. Wheat, Rye, Barley, and Oats. One-half pint of each from each township, regardless of variety. Seeds. Flax-seed, hemp-seed, castor beans, buckwheat, peas, beans, sorghum, broom- corn, timothy, clover, millet, Hungarian, orchard-grass, blue-grass, one-half pint from each county. Peanuts. One pint from each county producing the same. 150 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. LINT, FIBRE, AND WOOL. Cotton Lint. Two ounces from each county. Flax and Hemp Fibre. One pound of each from each county. Wool. One ounce each of long, middle, and fine wool from each county. Let each sample be accompanied with the name of the breed to which the sheep belonged from which it was taken. The samples can be neatly preserved between leaves of paper until they reach the State Centennial Board, when they will be put in proper shape for exhibition. MODELS. The Board determined to obtain models of extraordinarily fine specimens of fruit and vegetable monstrosities, when the specimens can be secured in good condition. The specimens must be carefully packed in cotton, straw, hay, rumpled paper, or other suitable material, to prevent bruising. TIMBER. Cross-sections of each kind of native wood from each county, six inches in length. Same of artificial wood, two inches in length or thickness. The diameter of both native and artificial is immaterial, but large growths preferable. BUILDING-STONES. One cube, three inches in thickness, of each kind of building-stone, in each county of the State. At least one side to be polished when practicable. The common, rough, frag- mentary limestone, which is abundant and uniform in nearly every county in the State, need not be included. COAL. One piece of each kind of coal, six inches in thickness, and as nearly cubical in form as practicable, from each county. GYPSUM. One cube, three inches in thickness, from each county. Attractive specimens of crys- tallizations are desirable, in addition to the cubes. FIRE-CLAY, CEMENT, POTTERS' CLAY, OCHRE, AND MINERAL PAINT. One pound each of the clay or stone in the raw or unmanufactured state, from each county where it has been discovered. Also, one brick or other manufactured article from said clays. Samples of the various colors of mineral paint, mixed in oil, on paper or glass, one inch square, are desirable. LEAD. Specimens both in ore and in smelted form from such counties as can furnish the same. MISCELLANEOUS. It is impossible to enumerate every article that it is desirable to obtain. There are fossils, petrifactions, relics, extraordinary growths of timber, curiosities of nature and art, antiqui- ties, historical archives, etc., etc. Correspondence is invited concerning anything which may be deemed meritorious, and which may not be enumerated in the foregoing schedule. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. Bottom and Upland. There seems to be some difficulty, in many counties, in deter- mining where the bottom stops and the upland commences, so gradual are the slopes. For the present purposes we will define as bottom-land, all "lands between the hills along the water-courses," or from the streams up the hill-sides to the cropping-out of limestone forma- tions, which are characteristic in most parts of the State. Storage. Some suitable store-room, free from dampness, dust, and mice, should be ob- tained, where specimens for the Centennial can be deposited from time to time, and where the labeling, packing, and boxing can be conducted. Do not permit the heads of cereals to be handled. Fingers are more destructive than mice. APPENDIX D. ! 5I Boxing. The boxes should be very strong, and should completely hide the samples, s j State action, they cannot be handled. Kansas. Skipping, Ship by freight in all cases, except where the articles are perishable, inclos- ing by mail the shipping receipt to the State Centennial Board, Topeka. Labels. Blank labels, to designate the exact location, name, and post-office address of the grower and donor, together with the name of the specimen, will be forwarded to each county. For further information, address the State Board of Centennial Managers, Topeka. ALFRED GRAY, Secretary. OTHER AIDS. We invited the co-operation of various civic societies and industrial organizations. The reverend clergy were asked to devote the Fourth of July to Centennial services. Sermons were preached in most of the pulpits in full accord with the nation's spirit of gratitude and thanksgiving. The Press have given their powerful aid. At their meeting in May, they resolved to make their next excursion to Philadelphia, and to hold the annual meeting of " The Kan- sas Editorial Association" there on the 4th of next July. The ladies are beginning to render valuable assistance, especially the Centennial So- cieties of Topeka, Leaven worth, and Atchison. We have assigned to the ladies of Kansas the congenial and appropriate work of furnishing and superintending the music, flags, and interior decorations for the Kansas Exhibition. The money raised by them for us, unless they direct otherwise, will be devoted to those objects. Their patriotism, often manifested in early trials, is guarantee that their work will be well done. RAILROAD COMPANIES. The railroad companies having grants of land were invited to participate. Their interest and their successes in similar exhibitions make them desirable auxiliaries. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, and the Missouri River, Fort Scott and Gulf Companies have deter- mined to take part. Colonel Alexander S. Johnson, Land Commissioner of the first, and General John A. Clark, Land Commissioner of the last-named company, have met with us several times, and have already made large and highly creditable collections. The other companies, much to our regret, decline to participate. The Kansas Pacific Company have kindly offered the use of their collections. It would be gratifying if all the companies would exhibit products along their lines of road. No effort on our part has been spared to induce them to do so, and we indulge the hope that they will yet reverse their determination, and conclude to take part in the Exhibition. EDUCATION AND NATURAL HISTORY. General John Fraser, Superintendent of Public Instruction, has consented to take charge of the Department of Education and Natural History. Prof. Frank H. Snow, of the State University, supervises the completion of the collection of specimens in entomology. We have employed his students, at a small compensation, to make the collection under his directions, his own valuable services being generously donated. Prof. J. H. Carruth has been engaged to make the botanical collection. Prof. B. F. Mudge has assisted us in geology. The collection in ornithology is in charge of Alfred Gray, Secretary. When completed, these collections will fully represent Kansas in their several departments. Our Board acts in conjunction with the Board of Agriculture, and receives valuable assistance from them in these specialties, as in all our work. The cases and collections they have will be available for our use, as are all the facts and statistics in their possession. It is to be observed that in no event can the benefits of the expenditure already made, or to be made, be lost. Durable articles, whether cases or collections, will remain the per- manent property of the State. In the rooms of the Board of Agriculture, after their return from Philadelphia, they may become a lasting exposition of the capacities of Kansas. Thus 152 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 2876. State action. Kansas. amply reimbursing the State for their cost, they will remain a complete museum, illustrating our Agriculture, Horticulture, Pomology, Geology, Entomology, Ornithology, and History, as well as a memorial of the " Centennial" of 1876. We expect to make exchanges of samples with other States and nations, and the pro- ducts we receive in return will be similarly preserved. HISTORY. The law of March 6, 1875, requires a condensed history of the State for distribution at the Exhibition. In preparation of this work we have invited the best help. General D. W. Wilder has written upon "General History of Kansas;" Prof. John A'. Anderson, "Agriculture and Manufactures;" T. Dwight Thacher, Esq., "Railroads and Transporta- tion;" General John Fraser, "Education;" Prof. Frank H. Snow, "The Natural History of Kansas ;" and Prof. B. F. Mudge, " Geology." These able articles have been gener- ously donated. The State Board of Agriculture have printed them in their report of 1875, our Board paying pro rata of the expense. The volume has been electrotyped, with all the maps and tables, and the plates are the property of the State. It is so arranged that we can use, with out resetting, any of the pages, for the compilation of any smaller work intended for free distribution. We have requested Kansas publishers to furnish three copies of each newspaper issued on or next after the 4th of July, 1875, three copies of January I, 1876, and three of Jan- uary 4, 1876, as specimens to constitute a compendium of newspaper history, and show the present status of the art in Kansas; one file for the Director-General of the International Exhibition, one for the Library of Congress, and one for the archives of the State. They have complied to a moderate extent, as follows : Garnett Weekly Journal, Garnett. Garnett Plaindealer, Garnett. Atchison Champion (daily and weekly), At- chison. Sentinel and Pioneer, Fort Scott. Brown County Advocate, Hiawatha. Southern Kansas Gazette, Augusta. Walnut Valley Times, Eldorado. Chase County Leader, Cottonwood Falls. Chase County Courant, Cottonwood Falls. Wide Awake, Sedan. Columbus Courier, Columbus. Burlington Weekly Patriot, Burlington. Girard Press, Girard. Junction City Union, Junction City. Dickinson County Chronicle, Abilene. Weekly Kansas Chief, Troy. Wathena Reporter, Wathena. The Standard of Reform, Lawrence. The Evening Standard, Lawrence. Hays Sentinel, Hays City. Ellsworth Reporter, Ellsworth. The Holton Recorder and Express, Holton. The Kansas New Era, Valley Falls. Lincoln County Patriot, Lincoln Centre. Southern Kansas Advance, Chetopa. The Neosho County Journal. Osage Mission. Osage County Chronicle, Burlingame. The Headlight, Thayer. The Osage City Free Press, Osage City. Seneca Courier, Seneca. The Beloit Gazette, Beloit. Newton Kansan, Newton. The Emporia Ledger, Emporia. Linn County Enterprise, Mound City. Emporia Real Estate Register, Emporia. Kansas Reporter, Louisville. Wamego Blade, Wamego. The Hutchinson News, Hutchinson. The Kansas Central Journal, Sal in a. Farmers' Advocate, Salina. Russell County Record, Russell. The Smith County Pioneer, Smith Centre. The Wyandotte Herald, Wyandotte. Wabaunsee County News, Alma. The Commonwealth (daily and weekly), Topeka. The Topeka Times, Topeka. The collection, when completed, will constitute a feature of the Exhibition. We hope to receive files of all the journals in the State. The Secretary of the National Commission suggests that in each county the proper person shall be selected by the county board or other authority, who, on next Fourth of July, shall APPENDIX D. '53 deliver at the county seat an address, which shall be a synopsis of the history of ihe county. State action. We heartily concur in the suggestion. In populous and older counties a similar ceremony Kansas, should be held by others in the large towns and townships, and thus a history in detail would be secured. These addresses should be printed in uniform size and style for bind- ing, and a copy of each should be preserved in the county archives, a copy should be sent to the Congressional Library, a copy to the National Centennial Commission, and a copy to this Board. As care and labor will be required in the preparation, the parties to deliver the addresses should soon be selected. It is to be hoped, also, that publishers will devote the Fourth of July issue of their papers to the history, as they have done the January to the resources, of their several counties. SUPERINTENDENT, ETC. County organizations falling short of expectation, we employed Mr. Henry Worrall, of Topeka, to assist in preparing for the Exhibition. He has visited portions of the State, making collections, and is now engaged, with the necessary assistants, preparing articles already collected. We have rented a building, as nearly fire -proof as we could get, for assorting and storing products. A SEPARATE BUILDING. We doubted the possibility of making a captivating representation in the general build- ings. By their classification, our products must be grouped with their kind from larger States and nations. However superior in quality, they might be swallowed up in the larger display of wealthier nations. Our success in inter-State contests heretofore has arisen from a genius for arrangement and ornamentation, as well as from the merit of our products. We directed our President, accompanied by the Vice-President, to visit Philadelphia and secure the privilege of arranging our display in our own way. Failing in this, they obtained permission to erect a Kansas building, and selected a site. Ours was the first application. Thirteen States have since selected locations, and are preparing to erect similar buildings. Mr. E. T. Carr, of Leavenworth, architect, has generously furnished plans and estimates for the Kansas building, free of charge. The building proper will cost about ^8000. It is safe to add $2000 more for fitting up its interior, and providing gas, water, and drainage. The two railroad companies participating with us propose to bear a part of this expense, proportionate to the space they will occupy. At the close, its sale will cover some portion of its cost. The building is designed in the shape of a Greek cross. Its plan, elevation, and other details are submitted herewith. Inasmuch as the Exhibition grounds are two and a half miles from the central portions of Philadelphia, and will be closed at night, the necessity of a " down-town office" has received some consideration. It would be city headquarters for the State Commission, or such of them as shall be on duty, and also for all Kansas visitors. Exhibitors, and others having business with the Commission, or desiring information, would know where to go at any and all hours. All desirable information as to hotel and boarding-house accommoda- tions could also be sought and imparted, necessarily a convenience in a crowded city. We have gone only to the extent of devising the plan, and lithographing and selecting the site for the building. We had been led to believe, and have given it to be understood, that the plans here indicated would be carried out. They were laid frankly before the Centennial Committee of the last Legislature, and the appropriation was then made on the basis of the necessity of the further expenditure that would be required. That appropri- ation, thus made, was an encouragement to go on with the plan proposed. We have, therefore, neglected to apply for space io the general buildings within the time limited. We feel assured the project of a separate building will meet the approval of the law- making power. It will enable Kansas to preserve her identity, indulge her individuality, enlighten public judgment, and secure success. In our own building we can group and 154 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. blend the products of nature and art for scenic effect; the interior ornamentations, adding effect to the merit of the collections, will excite universal comment, and make the Kansas headquarters a place to be sought and admired. The music and flags, to be furnished by the ladies, can there be used with advantage. Maps, large and small, should illustrate the counties to which the products are to be credited, and should indicate the route thereto. An immigration pamphlet on Kansas should be on hand for free distribution in large quantities; it should be prepared with care, and published in more languages than our own. The supply of these should be equal to the demand ; it would be made up from maps and data already electrotyped, the plates of which are owned by the State. We have made estimates for such a pamphlet, and its cost would be comparatively small. To carry out these plans to the best advantage, an early appropriation is desirable. It will be necessary to enter with renewed energy upon the completion of our collections for those counties that have disappointed us. The right men should be put in the field, at fail- wages. The display has to be planned to correspond with the space, and this cannot be done until we know from the amount of the appropriation what the character of our exhi- bition is to be. As the Exhibition opens on the loth of May, the building should be ready for the reception of goods by the 1st of April. Two Legislatures having favored an exhibition by Kansas, an elaborate presentation of the advantages to be derived may be dispensed with. A brief summary may be indulged. THE MAGNITUDE OF THE EXHIBITION. Opening at Philadelphia the loth of May, and ending on the loth of November. 1876, the "International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine," will illustrate the growth of our industries, and constitute a memorial to the founders of our prosperity. The first World's Fair held under the auspices of the Government, it will be the largest ever known. Improved facilities of advertising and travel, railroads, steamships, telegraph, daily post, and daily press insure this result. The leading nations of the civilized world, numbering thirty-seven, have accepted the invitation of our Govern- ment. Eleven are erecting buildings seventeen buildings on the grounds. And best augury of all, while Kansas was first to select a location, England was first to break ground for three offices in sight of Independence Hall. It is estimated that two hundred buildings will be erected by nations and societies within the inclosure. Fairmount Park, the place selected, contains over 3000 acres, and is the largest in the world. Of this, 236 acres are inclosed for the purpose. About 60 acres of buildings, the largest and most suitable ever devoted to such purpose, are nearly completed, at a cost of about $5,000,000. The total preparations make about $8,000,000. Railroads, street-cars, boarding-houses, hotels, and other accommodations are provided on the same extensive scale. Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, city, State, and citizens, have furnished ninety per cent, of the fund, Kansas and the Government no part of it. Congress authorized an issue of $10,000,000 stock, in shares of $10. The Board of Finance apportioned, on the basis of 26 cents to the individual, according to the census of 1870. They assigned to Kansas $94,500. The "crisis" came, and later calamities; and the stock plan, as to Kansas, was abandoned. An appeal was then made to Congress for $3,000,000. That body was content with providing for engraving the stock, coining the medals, admitting goods for exhibition free of duty, and appropriating $505,000 for a special departmental display. The National Commission now ask of Congress $1,500,000. Most of the members recently visited the buildings in a body, and have seen how economically they have been erected. We have felt that the plighted hospitality and honor of the Government is at stake ; that the nation cannot, without shame, leave it to Philadelphia to entertain the guests she has invited to her birthday feast, sitting herself a guest where she should be hostess. It is a meagre sum, in view of the great events to be celebrated, and we have requested our delegation in Congress to vote the appropriation. Should it fail, the Exhibition will still go on. The APPENDIX D. 155 spirit of '76 bums brightly in Philadelphia. The Quakers, whose money restored the State action, broken and scattered army of Washington in the darkest night of the Revolution, are still Kansas ' alive in their sons. Money will be forthcoming, and Philadelphia, after one hundred years, will prove her right to have been the cradle of Liberty and the birthplace of the Nation. THE PRACTICAL MEANING OF THE EXHIBITION. The Exhibition has its practical meaning for all. It is an industrial school of the world, where nations are patrons, and master-spirits of all time are teachers. Kansas will share alike with others in benefits derived from industries quickened, invention stimulated, skill excited by rivalry, and art trained by the highest models. For us of the West the Exhibition has its highest practical value in the opportunity for securing immigration. It will be an open mart by the sea where the populations of the world will assemble and look for our products in proof of the boasted fertility of our soil. Our nation was guest of England, France, and Austria. Our people traveling abroad have told marvelous stories of the productiveness of the West. Our foreign-born citizens have sent back to the old firesides letters filled with praises of the new home. Old friends will come from beyond the ocean to see for themselves the practical proofs. Added to the interest of the Exhibition, circumstances conspire to swell the number of foreign visitors. The financial " crisis" has reached and unsettled Europe, and made cheap lands desirable. There are apprehensions, too, among the masses, of a general war, with its shrinkage of values and dangers of impressment. The immigration, therefore, which had fallen off one-half, and some of which had left our shores, will be rapidly returning. The Exhibition will bring thousands, the advance guard of millions to follow. Kansas needs all the advantages of a successful display. Remote from the money- centres, the crash of the " panic" came, sweeping away our values, checking our immigra- tion, and leaving us our lands and our debts. The devastation of the locust was an acci- dental and passing shadow. Our wealth of soil and climate has been reasserted in abundant harvests, but the depression still rests like a blight on the price of real estate. Immigra- tion has halted, and investments have measurably ceased. The bountiful harvest of Eastern money, growing out of the sale of lots and lands, and which for twenty years has furnished our best revenue, is no longer ours. With a liberal hand, and an enterprise that never hesitated at the cost, in our infancy and our poverty we have laid broad and wide and deep the foundations of a State that should be at the same time old and wealthy. We cannot make it old, we can make it populous and rich. In the struggle for dominion over Nature, our railroads have outrun wagon-roads. Bridges have led the van of travel. School -houses have pioneered settlements. In a worthy ambition to carve out a State full-grown, we have spread over the prairie churches, school-houses, universities, colleges, normal schools, asylums, court-houses, State-house, and all the accommodations of a Commonwealth with 2,000,000 of inhabitants, and yet the expense is borne by 528,437 people. It is not surprising that we are in debt. We have debts of State, counties, cities, towns, townships, school districts, railroad companies, and other corporations. The question presents itself whether the present population, with its slow natural increase, shall carry this indebtedness, or whether an effort shall be made to multiply our wealth and population through immigration. It is not the part of wisdom to stand still. The settle- ment of the State will proportionately reduce taxes, will diminish, by dividing among others, the expenses of schools, churches, etc., and will lessen railroad rates by increase of busi- ness. The pressing want of Kansas to-day is men and money. A vigorous immigration movement at the " Centennial" will secure both. Within the boundaries of our State there are 52,043,520 acres of land, of which but 4,749,900 acres are cultivated. The uncultivated portion is larger than all the six New Eng- jc;6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. land States, 47,293,620 acres of mere blank prairie. It is the largest body of good lands Kansas. offered by any State. On the west, the mineral region, covering nearly half the continent, insures an enlarging market. On the east are high-priced lands of older States. Our lands have access to the ports of the Gulf by rail, and by the great river on our eastern border. They make up a central State, already interlaced with railroads. Midway between the oceans, and between the Lakes and the Gulf, they are the natural centre and seat of polit- ical and social empire. Kansas has already led the way to great changes in the structure of the Government. With increased population in prospect, and yet other railroads pro- jected in all directions, these lands of Kansas become the last best offer in the market. Millions of dollars' worth of them should be sold next summer, and the way prepared for the sale of millions more. If to rapid sales of lands we can add wealth and skilled industry, to erect manufac- tures in our prostrate cities, towns, and villages, our State will enter a new career of pros- perity. Money will cease to go from us in tribute to Eastern manufacturers; our agricul- ture will revive with home markets ; the profits of the producer will no longer be wasted in paying heavy freights over long railroads ; the transportation problem will be solved ; towns will revive ; new settlements be made ; new fields be opened ; labor will be in de- mand ; property will have its value ; debts will be lessened by being divided ; the despond- ent will take heail ; the heroic and undaunted builders of a State will lead on to new enterprises, and the glad day of returning prosperity will have dawned. We have cheap breadstuffs and a market for manufactured goods ; we have reached the period when manu- facturing can profitably begin. The " Centennial" will afford opportunity to enlist men and money. It is not for us to say on how liberal a scale our Exhibition shall be conducted. We have indicated our views as briefly as possible. We believe the more we expend the more will be returneu in dollars and cents. It has been estimated that each settler adds about $1000 to the wealth of the State. One-twentieth of a cent added to the value of each acre of land in Kansas would be $26,021. We are not disposed to estimate the number of immigrants to be secured and the amount of wealth to be added. We merely indicate the basis of the calculation to show the least hopeful that an exhibition will prove a safe in- vestment. In years of misfortune the State, with parental care, has provided seed for the sower in some new and suffering counties. The donation was answered in abundant harvests. With like hope of profitable results for every portion of the State, we may con- fidently say that now is the seed-time for a bountiful harvest of men and money. Kansas, to date, has appropriated but $5000 to her Bureau of Immigration. What has been with- held with doubtful propriety can now be given with better effect and with a more liberal hand. Other Western States and Territories, bordering and surrounding us, will be in the field with their Bureaus of Immigration, their maps and pamphlets, their products of every kind, and their offers of cheap lands. They are making extensive preparations for the Exhibition. Whether we shall surpass them in our display depends on the action of our Legislature. CONCLUSION. There is a view of this case above paltry dollars and cents. But of its patriotic consid- erations we have no need to speak. They speak for themselves. The Declaration of Independence and the birth of the nation twins of one cradle speak with the emphasis of a hundred years. Kansans need no invocation of holy memories to prompt to duty. Devotion to a heroic ancestry springs spontaneous here. The spirit and the love of liberty are native to the air. They have descended with it as an inheritance. The hand which penned the great Declaration rescued Kansas from a foreign flag and gave us here the treaty-right by which we salute our own, on soil then French but now American. Originally part of the Louisiana purchase, Kansas, in her vital air and life, partakes of the spirit breathed into that charter of human rights by the great apostle of liberty. And so, when APPENDIX D. l t ) j her political existence began, and Kansas must choose between Freedom and Slavery, spurning State action, all blandishments and intimidations, she boldly chose Freedom. The struggle of that choice Kan8as - was not unknown to the world. It widened until, amid the shackles of four millions of slaves, it secured to liberty a larger meaning, and to humanity a higher future. Henceforth, in the light of our interpretation, liberty is no longer for a race alone, but for all mankind. Kansas, daughter of Jefferson, gave to freedom its new and better birth. And she of all should meet her sister States at the family altar freedom's own shrine and shake hands with the descendants of Washington and Jefferson over an emancipated country ; and with the representatives of all the world over a now recognized universal brotherhood. Make her not a mere guest at the banquet. Let her be a priestess of liberty that she is, flinging a banner out in the " eternal blazon" over her own castle, and dispensing the blessings and hospitalities of her own household. We have presented the case not for ourselves but for the State. Our personal interests in this great event are only those of the humblest citizen. We have entered, not of our- selves but by solicitation, upon a great but to us a thankless work. And now, having assumed high trusts, involving the honor, the patriotic pride, and, to a large extent, as we believe, the financial redemption of the State, we could not be silent nor say less while the opportunity passes forever in which duty demanded we should speak. We are content to leave the future of the Exhibition in the hands of the Governor and the Legislature. Plans, estimates, and other matters of detail are in readiness, and will be communicated to the Legislature in such manner as they may indicate. GEO. T. ANTHONY, A. J. NORTH, EDGAR W. DENNIS, D. J. EVANS, ALFRED GRAY, GEORGE A. CRAWFORD, JOHN A. MARTIN, State Centennial Managers. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF KANSAS. Approved March I, 1876. AN ACT to enlarge and further define the duties of the State Board of Centennial Managers, and to provide for defraying the expenses of a Kansas Exhibition at Philadelphia, A.D. 1876, being supplementary to chapter 44 of the laws of 1874, and chapter 68 of the laws of 1875. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas : SECTION I. That the Governor is hereby empowered to increase the State Board of Centennial Managers by the appointment of four persons as members of said Board, in addition to the five members provided for in section I of chapter 44 of the laws of 1874. SEC. 2. The State Board of Centennial Managers are hereby authorized to erect a Kansas State Exhibition building in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, in the State of Penn- sylvania, at a cost not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), in which they shall make a thorough and attractive exhibition of the natural and artificial wealth, capabilities, and advantages of the State, as contemplated in chapter 68 of the session laws of 1875, includ- ing the educational and charitable institutions of the State, and such other interests of the State as said Board shall deem advisable to present at said Exhibition ; Provided, that a majority of the new Board, when organized, shall decide on a plan to be adopted for building. SEC. 3. The said Managers shall dispose of the Exhibition bui'ding to the best advan- tage of the State, and the proceeds thereof shall be paid into the treasury of the State of Kansas, after making payment pro rata to such associations or corporations as shall have contributed to the construction of said building. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. SEC. 4. The Managers are hereby authorized and required to exchange with other States and nations duplicate specimens, when practicable, and add such articles as may thus be received in exchange to the original collections from this State, all of which, at the close of the Exhibition, shall be returned by said Managers to the agricultural rooms in the State- house at Topeka, this to constitute a museum and lie preserved as the property of the State. SEC. 5. Said State Board of Centennial Managers shall have power to make all neces- sary contracts, and procure necessary assistance in the name of the State, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act; but in no case to incur liability beyond, or in excess, of the appropriation herein provided. SEC. 6. The Treasurer of said Board of Managers shall give bond, as other State officers receiving and disbursing rnoneys, in the penal sum of thirty thousand /dollars, with good and sufficient security, to be approved by the Governor and by the President and Secretary of the Board, said bond to be conditional that said Treasurer will honestly, faithfully, and fully account for all moneys which may come into his hands by virtue of his said office, in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and the orders of said Board of Managers; said bond shall be given in duplicate, one copy to be filed with the Secretary of the Board, and the other deposited with the Secretary of State. It is hereby made the duty of the State Auditor to see that said bond is given and filed and approved before any moneys are drawn by the Board under the provisions of this Act. SEC. 7. The said Board of Managers shall not audit or pay any accounts, claims, or demands against them, except upon itemized statements verified by the oath of the person to whom payment may be due, and for the purpose of such verification the Secretary of the Board is hereby authorized to administer oaths. The Treasurer of said Board shall not pay out any moneys except upon orders signed by the President of the Board, and counter- signed and approved by the Secretary. SEC. 8. Twenty-five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, are hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated to carry out the provisions of this Act, to be paid by the Treasurer of the State on warrants drawn by the State Auditor; but the Auditor shall not issue his warrant for any money appro- priated by this Act except upon the filing in his office of a requisition by the State Board of Centennial Managers, signed by the President and Secretary of said Board. Upon the filing of said requisition the Auditor shall issue his warrant for the sum named in the requisition in favor of the Treasurer of said Board. The money shall thus be drawn from time to time only in such sums as will be necessary to meet the current and necessary expenses and disbursements of the Board, and all moneys not required as herein provided shall be returned to the treasury. SEC. 9. Any five members of such Board, at any meeting regularly called after said Board shall have been organized, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. SEC. 10. No compensation shall be allowed or paid to any member of the Board for personal services, beyond a reimbursement of actual expenses incurred in the performance of duties imposed by law. Provided, That no more than three thousand dollars of the amount herein appropriated shall be expended for expenses of the members of the said Board in attending the Exhibi- tion, including transportation to and from Philadelphia, from the opening to the close of the same. SEC. II. The said Board of Managers shall make to the Governor a full and detailed report of their proceedings under the provisions of this Act, said report to be submitted by the Governor to the Legislature at its next session, and shall be also published with the report of the State Board of Agriculture for 1876. SEC. 12. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its publication in the Daily Commonwealth. Approved March r, 1876. APPENDIX D. KENTUCKY. State action. Kentucky. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JAMES B. McCREARY. December 31, 1875. The one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence is to be celebrated in the City of Philadelphia, by the holding of a Grand International Exhibition for the dis- play of our arts, products, minerals, manufactures, live-stock, etc. The indications at present are, that it will be an event that will always be remembered in the history of our Republic, and that in grandeur of display, magnificence of arrange- ment, and in the multitudes that will assemble, it will equal, and perhaps surpass, any similar Exhibition ever held in the world. In addition to its being an occasion where, by the display of our most valuable interests, we may attract the attention and command the admiration of all the civilized powers of the earth, it will also furnish a grand opportunity for men of every section of our common country to come together in fraternity and friendship, and, forgetful of the sorrows and struggles of the past, pledge anew their devotion to Liberty, Free Government, and Equal Rights. The reception of articles for the Exhibition begins January 5, and ends April 19, 1876; and the Exhibition will be opened May 10, and continue every day, Sundays excepted, until November 10, 1876. The articles to be exhibited have been classified in seven different departments, as fol- lows : Mining and Metallurgy, Agriculture, Manufactures, Education and Science, Art, Machinery, and Horticulture. In addition to these, the Women's Centennial Executive Committee have raised thirty thousand dollars for the erection of a pavilion, in which to exhibit every kind of women's work, and arrangements have also been made upon a large scale for a live-stock exhibition. The foreign Governments which have formally agreed to take part in this International Exhibition, and appointed Commissions to superintend the exhibition of their citizens, are Germany, France, Great Britain, Spain, Sweden, Persia, China, Egypt, Ecuador, Denmark, Japan, Chili, Brazil, Bolivia, Belgium, Turkey, Mexico, the Argentine Confederation, and sixteen other smaller powers not necessary to mention, comprising almost every Government in Europe, South America, and some of the more distant Eastern powers. Advisory State Boards, charged with representation of their respective Commonwealths and their citizens in the Exhibition, have been officially formed in thirty-three States of this Union and six Territories, and offices and headquarters of considerable architectural beauty have been constructed by Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware, Connecticut, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Kansas, Nevada, Wisconsin, and Iowa. Thirteen States have appropriate 1 money, ranging from five thousand up to one million and a half of dollars, to aid in the display of their articles, and other States have appropriated smaller sums. Kentuckians will naturally ask, What has Kentucky done toward being represented at this grand gathering of the States of our Republic and of the civilized nations of the world ? I answer, She has done virtually nothing. In the list of thirty-three States that have appointed Advisory Boards, the name of Kentucky does not appear. In the long list of States which have erected buildings on the Centennial grounds, or which have appropri- ated money for the collection and display of articles, Kentucky's name is not found. When the Act of Congress which provided for " celebrating the one hundredth anni- versary of American independence, by holding an International Exhibition," was passed, it authorized the creation of the United States Centennial Commission, and directed that this body should be composed of two Commissioners from each State and Territory, nominated by the respective Governors, and commissioned by the President of the United States. These two Commissioners were appointed in Kentucky, and that is all that has been done. !(5o INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. There being no meeting of the General Assembly of our State last winter, the legislative Kentucky. department of Kentucky has had no opportunity to consider this Exhibition since it was established on a farm basis. The estimate that the world at large will form of the several States of our confederation will largely depend on the display made by them at this, our first National Exhibition. Shall Kentucky fail to take her proper place there, where all the nationalities of the world will be brought face to face ? Shall she fail to advertise on this world-wide stage her arts, products, minerals, and manufactures ? Have Kentuckians no desire to encourage immi- gration and attract capital to our State by displaying our attractions there ? Are our inexhaustible and varied minerals more profitable where, they lie hidden in the depths of the earth than if brought forth by sturdy laborers to build railroads, found indus- tries, and expand our commerce and wealth ? Are our vacant, unoccupied lands more profitable in their pristine loveliness, and our fertile fields more valuable while half tilled, than if they were peopled with thousands of thrifty immigrants, who would flock hither if they appreciated the natural advantages of our Commonwealth ? Are we ashamed of out unequaled products, such as tobacco, hemp, corn, wheat, and rye, or of our magnificent horses and cattle, hogs and sheep, that we should decline to participate in this Exhibition ? These are questions for you who constitute the legislative department of this State to answer. I recommend that you promptly make such enactments as will cause our Com- monwealth to be fully represented at the Centennial Exhibition, and that you make such an appropriation of money, to be used for the display of Kentucky's arts, products, min- erals, manufactures, and live-stock, as in your wisdom you may deem proper. JOINT RESOLUTIONS OF THE LEGISLATURE OF KENTUCKY. Approved February 17, 1876. Resolved by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, That the Gov- ernor is hereby authorized to appoint ten Commissioners, one from each Congressional District, who shall serve without cost to the State. N. S. Shaler, the Governor, and said Commissioners shall constitute the Kentucky Centennial Board, which is authorized to take such steps and do all such things as to them shall seem proper for securing at the Centen- nial Exhibition at Philadelphia a due representation, by specimens, publications, and other- wise, of the natural resources of the Commonwealth, especially in timber, coal, lead, iron, and other mineral wealth, and of such other things as may, in their judgment, illustrate the resources of the Commonwealth, developed and undeveloped, or promote its interest, and to expend at their discretion for such purpose such sums as may be required, not ex- ceeding in the aggregate five thousand dollars, which sum is hereby appropriated, and such sum or sums shall be allowed and paid out of the treasury on warrant drawn by the Governor or order of said Board at such time or times as shall to said Board seem expedient, not exceeding the amount appropriated. W. J. STONE, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN C. UNDERWOOD, Speaker of the Senate. Approved February 17, 1876. JAMES B. McCREARY. By the Governor : J. STODDARD JOHNSON, Secretary of State. COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE I, J. Stoddard Johnson, Secretary of State, certify that the foregoing is a true copy from the original enrolled resolution, entitled APPENDIX D. !6i "No. 31. State action. Joint Resolution appropriating five thousand dollars for Centennial purposes." Kentucky. On file in iny office. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of [SEAL.] my office, at Frankfort, Kentucky, this i8th day of December, 1876, and in the 85th year of the Commonwealth. J. STODDARD JOHNSON, Secretary of State. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JAMES B. McCREARY. STATE OF KENTUCKY, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, February 25, 1876. GENTLEMEN OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: In accordance with a resolution adopted by the General Assembly, and approved Feb- ruary 15, 1876, I appointed ten Commissioners, who, together with the State Geologist and myself, constitute the Kentucky Centennial Board. A meeting of this Board was held at the Executive office on Thursday, February 24, 1876, "to take such steps and do such things as seemed proper for securing, at the Centen- nial Exhibition at Philadelphia, a due representation, by specimens, publication, and other- wise, of the natural resources of the Commonwealth, especially in timber, coal, lead, iron, and other mineral wealth, and of such other things as illustrate the resources of the Commonwealth, developed and undeveloped, or promote its interest." After careful con- sideration of their important duties, the Commissioners presented to me the following com- munication, with the request that I present it to the General Assembly of Kentucky : FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY, February 24, 1876. To HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR OF KENTUCKY: The undersigned Commissioners, appointed by your Excellency to have duly represented in the Centennial Exhibition of Philadelphia the mineral, agricultural, and mechanical interests of the State, as provided for by the Joint Resolution of the Legislature under which we hold our appointment, beg leave to respectfully represent, that, after duly considering the subject, we are forced to the conclusion that the sum appropriated is insufficient for the accomplishment of the object contemplated in that efficient manner which the people of the State have a right to anticipate. Since assembling here to-day, we learn from authoritative source that the space available in the buildings of the Exhibition is so limited as t - render it impossible that our minerals alone can be properly exposed, leaving out all other objects of general interest which the State can so richly supply. The grounds selected for the Exhibition are not yet fully occupied ; but to open up our specimens r nd productions with- out the protection of shelter would be inexpedient, and result in lamentable disappointment. We do not perceive how we can meet the expectations of the Legislature without the means are afforded us of erecting a building in which our display can be made, and are assured that this can be accomplished without any serious draft upon our treasury. With five thousand dollars ($5000) additional appropriation, we have positive assurance that our part in that grand national gathering can be made respectable and of enduring advantage to the State. We possess, in very rich abundance, a great variety of minerals which will be duly appreciated by the intelligence of foreign Governments as well as our people. Our agricul- tural productions are of a character to excite deep interest in all people of every clime, and our mechanical skill will attract attention from all observers; and all that is needed to make this display very valuable to Kentucky is the means to fairly lay them before the world. The building would be used for that purpose primarily, but is very essential as a kind of headquarters for Kentuckians. II 1 62 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. If your Excelle icy "oncurs with us in the suggestions presented, we respectfully ask ><*y. that you will, by message, present this communication to the Legislature, with such urgency of recommendation as may seem to be demanded by its importance. If favorably viewed by that honorable body, we trust that we shall be speedily allowed to carry forward a measure which we feel fully assured will result to the great interest of the State. Very respectfully, your obedient servants, W. B. MACHEN, WILLIAM WARFIELD, CLINTON GRIFFITH, JENNINGS PRICE, E. C. HOBSON, JOHN DISHMAN, J. C. HUGHES, FRANCIS L. CLEVELAND, Commissioners. This memorial coming, as it does, from a Board of Commissioners representing every section of the Commonwealth and almost every industry and profession, is sufficient with- out any comment from me; yet the importance of the subject and the great interests involved induce me to add something to what I have said in a former message. You have already declared that Kentucky shall be represented in the Centennial Exhibi- tion. If represented at all, it should be in a way commensurate with the wealth, resources, and greatness of our State. A meagre representation is, perhaps, worse than no representa- tion. States are vying with each other in generous rivalry in their efforts to help this International Exhibition in which the arts, products, minerals, manufactures, and live-stock of the world will be represented. The indications at present are that it will be an event that will be forever remembered in the history of this Republic, and that in magnificence of arrangement, grandeur of display, and the multitude in attendance, it will surpass any similar Exhibition ever held. Nearly all the civilized powers of the earth have, through the proper authorities, agreed to take part in this Exhibition, and many of them have sent their own skilled mechanics to erect suitable buildings. Headquarters of considerable architectural beauty, and commo- dious exhibitory buildings, have been erected by seventeen States of this Union, and almost every State and Territory will participate. The estimate that the guests of the nation, as well as citizens of our sister States, will form of Kentucky will largely depend on the display made by us at this our first National Exhibition. The space allowed Kentucky in the Centennial buildings already erected is entirely inadequate to the necessities of our State; and if anything like a proper and creditable display is made, we must increase the space at our own expense, as many other States have done. The Commissioners from each of the Congressional Districts of the Commonwealth, defraying their own expenses, have come to the capital, many of them from distant homes, and, actuated by a sense of duty and devotion to their State, ask you to increase the appropriation. The question presented is one of business, and not of passion or pleasure. Plainly, it is : Shall Kentucky take her proper position when all the States of the Union and all the nationalities of the world are brought face to face, by advertising in a proper way, on this world-wide stage, her greatness and attractions ? Our State is able, from her abundance, to spare the amount asked for ; and, aside from the capital that might be attracted by a proper display, and the sturdy immigrants who thus might be drawn here to build railroads, found industries, and expand our commerce and wealth, it is our duty, if Kentucky participates at all in this grand international display, to make such participation worthy of our people, our past history, and our future hopes. JAMES B. McCREARY, Governor of Kentucky. APPENDIX D. ^3 LOUISIANA. State actiu. Louisian:.. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM P. KELLOGG. STATE OF LOUISIANA, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, NEW ORLEANS, January 19, 1874. To THE HONORABLE SPEAKER AND MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: On the third of March, 1871, Congress passed an Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence by holding an International Exhibi- tion of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876. The Act provided for the appointment of a Commissioner and an Alter- nate Commissioner from each State and Territory, to constitute a commission, which was required to hold its meetings in the City of Philadelphia, and to report to Congress a plan for carrying out the object of the Act. Preliminary measures have been already adopted for the purpose. It is recommended by the Centennial Commission that each State and Territory appoint a Board of Managers, not exceeding five in number, for the purpose of securing a thorough representation of the products of industry of their respective States and Territories. I refer this recommendation to you, asking that you give the subject, favorable consideration. It is not proposed that the members of the State Board shall receive compensation. Gentlemen will doubtless be found ready to undertake the duties in the interests of the State without salary. A small appropriation may, however, be needed for the services of a clerk and other incidental expenses. The amount necessary will be inconsiderable, and will be needed for two years only, from the Fourth of July next. WILLIAM P. KELLOGG, Governor. JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF LOUISIANA. Approved March 21, 1874. Whereas, An Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, provided for the National Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States by holding an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and the Mine ; and Whereas, The President, by a proclamation issued July 4, 1873, announced the Cele- bration and International Exhibition, and commended them to the people of the United States and of all nations ; and Whereas, The United States Centennial Commission, a body created and its members appointed by the President under provisions of Act of Congress above referred to, in providing for an efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and in order to organize a uniform system throughout the United States, has placed upon Centennial Boards of Managers to be established by the States respectively the responsibility of secur- ing full representation of the products and resources of their States in the Exhibition; of disseminating information about it, and issuing invitations to participate ; of receiving and pronouncing upon applications made for space ; of apportioning the space placed at their disposal among the exhibitors from their States; and of supervising such other details relating lo the representation of their States respectively as may be from time to time delegated to them by the United States Centennial Commission ; therefore, SECTION I. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana in General Assembly com>ened : That the Governor shall appoint three citizens of the State, who shall, with the United 164 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action Louisiana. States Centennial Commissioner and Alternate for Louisiana, constitute the State Centen- nial Board of Managers, whose functions shall continue until the close of the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. It shall be the duty of the said Board of Managers to take such action as will secure a full and thorough representation of the resources and products at the Exhibition, and perform such other duties relating to the representation of the citizens of the State in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United States Centennial Commission ; Provided, that nothing in this Act contained shall be so construed as to render the State liable for any pay or expenses for said Commissioners or any persons employed by them. (Signed) CHARLES W. LOWELL, Speaker of the House of Representatives. (Signed) C. C. ANTOINE, Lieutenant- Cover nor and President of the Senate. Approved March 21, 1874. (Signed) WILLIAM P. KELLOGG, Governor of the State of Louisiana. STATE OF LOUISIANA, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE. NEW ORLEANS, April 7, 1876. I hereby certify that the foregoing Act is a true and correct copy of the original on [SEAL.] file in this office. N. DURAND, Assistant Secretary of State. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM P. KELLOGG. January 3, 1876. An Act of a previous Legislature provided for the appointment of a State Board of Managers to represent the interests of the State at the Centennial celebration of the inde- pendence of the nation in Philadelphia in 1876, but made no appropriation to defray the necessary expenses. I recommend that a suitable appropriation be made to maintain the dignity of the State. Maine. MAINE. EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR NELSON DINGLEY, JR. January 8, 1874. By authority of an Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, a Board of Commis- sioners was appointed by the President to prepare and superintend the execution of a plan for the national celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States, by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, at Philadelphia, during the summer of 1876. The Centennial Com- mission, ably represented on the part of this State by Hon. Joshua Nye as Commissioner, and Hon. Charles P. Kimball as Alternate Commissioner, have made most successful pro- gress in arranging such an International Exhibition as will serve as a fitting recognition of so important a national event, and at the same time as a worthy exposition of our progres in literature, art, science, and industry. To further the objects of the Exhibition, and se- cure an appropriate representation of the industries of the several States, the Commissioners invite Maine to appoint a Board of Directors consisting of five members, who, with the Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner, shall constitute the State Board of Centennial APPENDIX D. 165 Managers, upon whom will devolve the responsibility of seeing that the State is properly State actio- represented in the Exhibition, and all its interests there faithfully cared for. I recommend Maine - that you authorize the appointment of such Directors, to serve without compensation. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MAINE. Approved February 28, 1874. Resolved, That the Governor be, and is hereby, authorized to appoint a Board of Directors consisting of five members, who, with Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner, shall con- stitute the State Board of Centennial Managers, to see that the State is properly represented in the proposed celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States, by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, at Philadelphia, during the summer of eighteen hundred and seventy- six, said Commissioners to receive no compensation for their personal services, except necessary expenses, not to exceed the sum of one thousand dollars for the year eighteen hundred and seventy-four. In the House of Representatives, February 26, 1874, read and passed finally. W. W. THOMAS, JR., Speaker. In Senate, February 27, 1874, read and passed finally. J. E. BUTLER, President. Approved February 28, 1874. NELSON DINGLEY, JR., Governor. EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR NELSON DINGLEY, JR. January, 1875. By authority of a resolve of the last Legislature, a Board of Directors has been ap- pointed to look after the interests of the State with reference to the proposed Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876, and to aid in promoting the success of the celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the nation's existence. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MAINE. Approved February 10, 1875. Resolved, That the sum of one thousand dollars be appropriated for the use of the Maine Centennial Commission, and the same be at the disposal of the said Board, under the order of the Governor and Executive Council, subject to the same restrictions as imposed in the resolve of the Legislature approved February twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and seventy- four. In the House of Representatives, February 8, 1875, read and passed finally. W. W. THOMAS, JR., Speaker. In Senate, February 9, 1875, read and passed finally. .EDMUND F. WEBB, President. Approved February 10, 1875. NELSON DINGLEY, JR., Governor. 1 66 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR SELDEN CONNOR. Maine. January, 1876. The International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to be held in Philadelphia under the auspices of the United States, bids fair to constitute a worthy celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independ- ence. Preparations have been made on the most extensive scale, and are rapidly approach- ing completion ; and so many assurances of intention to participate have been received from the governments and people of the civilized world, as to indicate that the American Con- gress of Industry will at least equal those which have been held by other countries. No more appropriate celebration of the greai event could have been devised. The establish- ment of a government of the people not only secured the happiness and prosperity which we enjoy, but sent abroad an influence which has manifested itself in the amelioration of ihe political condition of the people of other lands, and is constantly and surely extending. It is fitting, therefore, that we should invite all nations to join in the commemoration of the birthday of freedom, to enter the lists in the modern " Field of the Cloth of Gold," where kings of mind and knights of labor contend in friendly rivalries. It engages the honor of our State and citizens to put forth every effort to secure a full representation of the resources and productions of Maine, since, whether rightfully or not, the guests of the nation will judge of the importance and capability of each State from the display it makes at what appears to be its chosen time and place. The Commissioners appointed by the State have co-operated with those of the general Board, and have succeeded in awakening such an interest and enrolling so many exhibitors that they already confidently anticipate that the extent, variety, and attractiveness of her contributions will entitle Maine to a creditable position among her sister States. The seven departments, Mining, Manufactures, Education and Science, Art, Machinery, Agriculture, and Horticulture, which form the classification of articles in the Exhibition, will all have some representation from our State, though necessarily a limited one in some classes. The assured contributions of woolen and cotton textile fabrics, granite, slate, feldspar, iron, machinery, agricultural implements, canned products, and articles manufactured from wood pulp, are numerous and extensive. Add to these such contributions of cattle and horses, cereals, fruits, dairy products, grasses, native woods, and samples of the shipbuilder's art as the State is capable of furnishing, and it is hoped that they may be obtained, and the aggregate must constitute a more interesting exhibition of our resources and industries than the State has ever witnessed. I am confident that you will consult the sentiment of the people, by appropriating such a sum in this behalf as the Commissioners shall in their estimate show to be necessary to defray the general expenses proper to be borne by the State. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MAINE. Approved February 22, 1876. Resolved, That the sum of ten thousand dollars be appropriated for the befitting expo- sition of Maine's resources at the forthcoming International Exhibition at Philadelphia, to be expended, or so much thereof as shall be necessary, under the care and direction of the State Centennial Commission, subject to the approval of the Governor and Council. In the House of Representatives, February 21, 1876, read and passed finally. FREDERICK ROBIE, Speaker. In Senate, February 22, 1876, read and passed finally. THOMAS W. HYDE, President. Approved February 22, 1876. SELDEN CONNOR, Governor. APPENDIX D. 167 RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MAINE. Approved February 23, 1876. Resolved, That the sum of two thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be neces- sary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated for the purpose of paying the expenses of the Governor and staff in attending the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. In the House of Representatives, February 23, 1876, read and passed finally. FREDERICK ROBIE, Speaker. In Senate, February 23, 1876, read and passed finally. THOMAS W. HYDE, President. Approved February 23, 1876. SELDEN CONNOR, Governor. MARYLAND. Maryland. JOINT CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MARY- LAND. BY THE SENATE, January 18, 1876. GENTLEMEN OF THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES: We propose, with the concurrence of your honorable body, the appointment, by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Delegates, of a Joint Committee, consisting of seven members upon the part of the Senate, and seven upon the part of the House of Delegates, to be constituted a " Committee on the Centennial," to whom shall be referred for consideration all matters appertaining to the participation by the State in the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence ; which Com- mittee shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise. The President has appointed on the part of the Senate, Messrs. Stevens, Dennis, Walsh, Cooper, Ford, Suit, and Steiner. By order, AUGUSTUS GASSAWAY, Secretary. BY THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES, January 19, 1876. GENTLEMEN OF THE SENATE: We have received your message proposing to appoint a Joint Committee of seven on the Centennial, and respectfully concur therein. We name as members of the Committee on part of the House, Messrs. Smith, of Dor- chester, Loane, Brooke, Hodges, Rusk, Purnell, and Dodson. By order, MILTON Y. KIDD, Chief Clerk. [Which was read, assented to, and sent to the Senate.] Resolved by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the Joint Committee on the Cen- tennial be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed to aid, assist, and co-operate with United States Centennial Commissioners from this State, under their direction and control, in all proper efforts toward the representation of the State of Maryland in its participation in the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence, to be held in the City of Philadelphia during the ensuing year; Provided, however, that the said Com- 1 68 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. m ittee shall themselves pay all expenses that may be incident to their duties, and shall in Maryland. RQ way be em p Owere( j to con tract liabilities u hatever against the State. ADDRESS OF THE CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS FOR MARYLAND TO THE LEGISLATURE OF MARYLAND. BALTIMORE, January 31, 1876. DEAR SIR, Having been appointed by the President of the United States, on the nom- ination of his Excellency the Governor of Maryland, Commissioners, on the Commission authorized to be constituted under and by virtue of the Act of Congress to provide for cele- brating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an Inter- national Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine ; and having seen that, in accordance with the suggestions of Governor Carroll, a Committee of the Legislature of Maryland, of which you are Chairman, has been appointed, in view of having Maryland properly represented on this occasion, we have thought that it would not be out of place to address you, in anticipation of the action of your Committee. Although ranking, in point of size, among the smaller States of the Union, there is perhaps not one whose arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mine are more varied, or which would more reputably and honorably contribute to the coming Exhibition in Philadelphia. In the commercial world the credit of Maryland stands second to none. In the great European money markets her public securities are well known and as highly valued. But this world, that we refer to, is a very narrow one compared to that which will be repre- sented from all quarters of the globe during the ensuing summer at the Centennial celebra- tion ; and it is to this wider world that we would have Maryland make known the resources .which have given her the credit due to the energy, ingenuity, skill, and perseverance which have turned to such good account the happy circumstances of her soil and climate. The present is an opportunity never to occur again. Other exhibitions, similar in character, may take place, but they will want the attractiveness of this. The two hun- dredth anniversary may be the next; there can be none before it. It is a remote and may be an uncertain future for coming generations ; but we have hold of the present, we are sure of that, and Maryland would not be true to her good name and fame were she not to be represented in a manner corresponding to her means, her opportunities, and her patriotism. One of the Commissioners, in a recent visit to Philadelphia, obtained information that is not without interest, looking to the probable expense of such a representation of Mary- land as would be proper under the circumstances, and the conclusion to which both have come is that twenty-five thousand dollars would not at all exceed what may be set down as necessary. The Commissioners neither ask nor will receive compensation for their services, but such a collection of the arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mine of the State, as their appointment contemplates, does not make itself, nor can the interest or the oppor- tunities of individuals be relied on to furnish it. It must be gathered by special agencies, and these must be paid. It must not be distributed sporadically through the vast halls that have been erected, a roll of cotton duck in one place, a case of shoes in another, copper from the bare hills in another, iron from Alleghany in another, models of the fish of Maryland here, specimens of the woods there: all should be collected, arranged, classified, and attended in one place, a work requiring intelligence of a high order, which must also be paid for ; and when the Maryland collection is complete, it should be in charge of one or more persons capable of describing it properly and securing for it that consideration among the tens of thousands of visitors, which will be its due if Maryland does herself justice. Then it must be watched, and labor, more or less in connection therewith, will be necessary during the entire Exhi- APPENDIX D. i6g bition, and in disposing of the articles exhibited, and removing them when the Exhibition State action, is over. Maryland. Clerical services also will be wanted to keep the accounts of expenditures, and attend to correspondence with exhibitors from Maryland and others, and in addition must be paid for. Willing as the Commissioners might be, they would be utterly incompetent, even phys- ically, to do a tithe of what would be necessary in these various respects. Then, again, it has seemed to the Commissioners, after obtaining information upon the spot, that the proper transaction of what may be called the business of their appointment requires that there should be a temporary building, reputable in appearance, for the offices of those whom the Commissioners might employ, which might be used by the Governor and such State officials as might have occasion to resort to it during the continuance of the Exhibition, and which should also contain one or more reception-rooms for the visitors from Maryland, where they might feel they had a right to be, and over which the flag of Mary- land should at all times be flying. To those who have never visited the Centennial grounds, it may seem strange that all this preparation is suggested even, and there may be some who think that the whole Exhi- bition may be seen in a few hours' walk. But when it is borne in mind that in extent of ground, in multitude and magnitude of buildings, and in variety of subjects exhibited, the Centennial area and buildings, and their contents, will exceed anything of the sort yet known in the world, it will more readily be believed that a building which might be regarded as a sort of resting-place and home for Marylanders in the midst of this vast collection of peoples and their products will be not unwelcome, even if we were careless of the fact that the Maryland building would add to the conspicuousness of the State on this occasion. As you must have observed in the newspapers, other States have made this provision, both for business and comfort; and our best judgment recommends its adoption by Maryland. In these remarks we do not pretend to say that the manufacturers, farmers, miners, and citizens of Maryland would not find room in the vast halls at Philadelphia for what they send there, even though the State gives not one dollar to concentrate the collection and supervise it, nor is it denied that Marylanders, under any circumstances, may find the great Exhibition a good business card, affecting their future sales, or otherwise promoting their interests ; but we do say that we have greatly underrated the pride of our people if they would be altogether comfortable in owing the opportunity of advancing their fortunes to Pennsylvania outlay, when their own State had, while willing to reap the benefit, refused to contribute to the expense. Nor are we prepared to say that even less than the sum named might not to some extent secure a respectable representation on this occasion ; but, even as we write, so many causes of necessary outlay, not enumerated above, occur to us, that we would rather see the amount increased than reduced. With the sum suggested, we believe that a collection can be concentrated in the halls of the Centennial of which every Marylander will be proud, while the convenience of every Maryland visitor will be consulted and promoted. With less it is much feared that the Maryland locality might probably be the last that Marylanders might desire to call particular attention to. It is proper to add, in conclusion, that whatever is done by the State should be done quickly. Even now the collection of what is to be exhibited should be in progress. The Exhibition opens on the loth of May, and the intervening time is none too long for a suitable and reputable preparation. Most respectfully, JOHN H. B. LATROBE, Commissioner, SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, Alternate, United States Centennial Commissioners for the State of Maryland. To HON. FRANK P. STEVENS, Chairman. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Staleaction - ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MARYLAND. Maryland. Approved March 23, 1876. AN ACT to provide for the proper representation of the State of Maryland at the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American independence. SECTION I . Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated for the purpose of defraying the expenses incident to the representation of the manufactures, the products of the soil and mines, of the State, and its progress, at the International Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsyl- vania, in the present year. SEC. 2. And be it enacted, That the said sum so appropriated shall be disbursed by and under the direction of John H. B. Latrobe and Samuel M. Shoemaker, or their successors, Commissioners on tne Commission authorized and constituted under and by virtue of an Act of the Congress of the United States to provide for celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence, and that said Commissioners, or their successors, are hereby authorized and empowered to expend the said sum of money, or so much thereof as may be necessary, for the purposes aforesaid, in their discretion, and the Comptroller is hereby directed to draw warrants upon the Treasurer for such sums as said Commissioners may require, not exceeding the amount herein appropriated, and the Treasurer be, and is hereby, directed to pay the same. SEC. 3. And be it enacted, That this Act shall take effect from the date of its approval by the Governor. ADDRESS BY THE GOVERNOR OF MARYLAND. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, ANNAPOLIS, October 2, 1876. To THE PEOPLE OF MARYLAND: The Executive of this State has been officially notified by the United States Centennial Commissioners that the igth of October will be especially set apart " for the delivery of the address commemorative of Maryland's share in the Declaration which, one hundred years ago, separated the thirteen colonies, now the United States, from the Government of Great Britain." In view of the prominent and patriotic position maintained by the State of Maryland in the struggle that secured our freedom, it is desirable that she should be fitly represented among her sister States, who shared the trials of those eventful days, and therefore a cordial invitation is extended to all who take an interest in the past history and future welfare of this Commonwealth, to be present at the ceremonies which will designate " Maryland Day" at the great Centennial Exhibition. The States have vied with each other in their efforts to do honor to the wonderful creation at Philadelphia, which has placed the wealth and resources of the world before our eyes, and it is hoped that the town and city authorities, together with the press through- out the State, will co-operate in making the occasion well worthy of the memories it is intended to renew. JOHN LEE CARROLL, Governor. JOHN H. B. LATROBE, SAMUEL H. SHOEMAKER. Commissioners, Baltimore City, Md. APPENDIX D. j^j MASSACHUSETTS. EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM GASTON. January 7, 1875. The year upon which we are now entering will be one of peculiar interest to the Amer- ican people, and especially to the people of our own Commonwealth, as it completes the century from the opening scenes of the waV of the Revolution. The one hundredth anni- versary of the igth of April, 1775, the day " which made conciliation impossible and inde- pendence certain" in the conflict between Great Britain and her colonies, will be celebrated by the people of Massachusetts during the term for which we have been elected. On the seventeenth day of June, 1775, occurred that great historic event, the battle of Bunker Hill. Its one hundredth anniversary will be celebrated on the seventeenth day of June, 1875, m a nianner worthy of the dignity of such an occasion. I am sure that you will unite with me in the hope and the endeavor that this Centennial year shall be made the occasion for quenching party animosities, reviving patriotic senti- ments, and devoting ourselves in the spirit of our fathers to the public service. I take pleasure in communicating to you an invitation from the' inhabitants of the town of Concord to the two branches of the General Court, to be present as the guests of the town on the igth of April next and take part in a fitting commemoration of the events which make the day famous. A similar invitation from Concord was accepted by your pre- decessors twenty-five years ago, and I commend this invitation to your favorable consider- ation. Nearly a century has elapsed since at Philadelphia " the representatives of the United States of America in general Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the rectitude of their intentions," did, " in the name and by the authority of the good people of the colonies, solemnly publish and declare that the United Colonies were and of right ought to be free and independent States." " And for the support of that declaration" they did, " with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, mutually pledge to each other their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor." To the celebration of this great event, which will occur in Philadelphia in the year 1876, I invite the attention of the Legislature. As we are passing from the first century of our existence as free and independent States, and are about stepping upon the threshold of the second, it certainly is an appropriate time for us to look back to our early history, and seek from it, as we well may, a guide for the future. This Centennial anniversary will be of incalculable benefit, if it shall recall to our minds that primitive time, when high office was held as a great and sacred trust, and when official position was sought for the opportunity which it furnished for honest and faithful public service, and not as a means of personal emolument or gain. This celebration will be one in which all parts of the country can cordially unite. The memory of this grand event can awaken no emotions except those of pride, either in the North or in the South, in the East or in the West. Its celebration belongs to the whole country. Here all can stand on common ground, and can, as heirs of a common glory, rejoice together. This celebration will fail in one of the purposes which ought to be accom- plished by it, if it shall not tend to allay sectional hatred and sectional strife, and to give new life to the spirit of that ancient patriotism which had no boundary lines except those of the whole country. If it shall tend to any large extent to accomplish such results, then the fourth day of July, 1876, will be a day worthy of future remembrance. Ij 2 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MASSACHUSETTS. Massachusetts Approved May 19, 1875. Resolved, That the Governor and Council are hereby authorized to take such steps and do all such things as to them shall seem proper for securing at the Exhibition at Philadel- phia a due representation of the different arts, industries, and institutions of the Common- wealth, and to expend at their discretion for such purpose such sums as may be required, not exceeding in the aggregate fifty thousand dollars, which is hereby appropriated ; and such sum or sums shall be allowed and paid out of the treasury, on warrant drawn by the Governor, at such time or times as shall to him seem expedient, not exceeding the amount appropriated. EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR ALEXANDER H. RICE. January 6, 1876. The most interesting event in America during the current year will undoubtedly be the great Exhibition of the products of the industry of all nations, at Philadelphia. In nothing is the progress of the world so measured and exemplified as in the development of the arts, and in the application of science thereto. And perhaps there is no moving tendency more salutary and effective than the commingling of different nationalities in the competition for supremacy in those material results which inure to the wealth, the comfort, and the happiness of mankind. Such exhibitions as that in contemplation are known to have stimu- lated all kinds of industry in European . countries ; and, beside the benefit to be derived by our capitalists and workmen, it is worthy of a great and progressive nation that the Centennial anniversary of its birth shall be commemorated by the triumphs of peace, rather than by the loud and fiery clangor of war. Modern discoveries applied to the purposes of locomotion and electric communication have realized to us the common brotherhood of men, and the substantial unity of all nations, in the most comprehensive aspect of human interest. Mountains and oceans are now but ridges and ferries on the lines of communication, and the once measureless conti- nent is but a ribbon of earth, over which the message flies with the velocity of thought. Nature has sufficiently diversified industry by the varied gifts of soil, climate, and mineral deposit, to make their culture, fabrication, and exchange the profitable employment of men. While each nationality has been for years, perhaps for a century, pursuing its own line of discovery and application, what can be more beneficial and more instructive than that all shall come together at last for an interchange of thought, as well as of merchandise ; to rub off the asperities and jealousies which distance and separation engender, and to culti- vate those friendly sentiments and that mutual esteem which may precede the beating of swords into plowshares and of spears into pruning-hooks ? The response to the call of our national Government to join in this international display has been so general that we may expect one of the most valuable and important collections of the objects of utility and beauty that has ever been gathered. The Legislature of last year appropriated the sum of fifty thousand dollars for the purpose of " securing at the Exhibition at Philadelphia a due representation of the different arts, industries, and institu- tions of this Commonwealth;" and in pursuance thereof the Governor and Council ap- pointed three Commissioners or agents to carry out the objects of the appropriation. This sum, perhaps, exhibits the extent to which the Legislature trusted in the pride and patriot- ism of the people of the Commonwealth to enter by voluntary effort and contribution into such a representation as should be worthy of their attainments and of their renown. The Commissioners above referred to have been assiduous in the use of the means placed at their command ; and those appointed by the national Government have also made encour- APPENDIX D. 173 aging progress in securing the co-operation of manufacturers, mechanics, and inventors, to State action, prepare and forward specimens of their skill and handicraft. Massachusetts The educational institutions of the State are preparing a thorough exhibit of their plan of operations, and I trust that the facilities for training the young for the service of life, by means of primary, high, normal, and industrial schools, academies, institutes, and colleges, will be completely represented. It is especially desired that the organization of Massa- chusetts as a State should be accurately reported upon at this time in her history ; and I would urge upon the officers having charge of the various departments of her civil economy, to prepare the most thorough and elaborate illustrations of what the State has done and is doyig, and the theory and plans upon which her efforts in this direction have been based. I need hardly remind you, Senators and Representatives, that above and beyond the gathered industries of all nations and of every clime, there will be one suggestive and transcendent contribution to this grandest of Exhibitions, one element which surpasses the inventor's cunning and the craftsman's skill, and which we gladly believe will survive when all the material monuments of human greatness have crumbled into dust or moulded into decay ; it is the life of this Republic, new-born every hour in the affections of the American people, strengthened and defended by increasing millions scattered over the acres of our vast domain, the inspiration of our patriotism ; let it be also the sustaining hope of freedom and progress throughout the world. MICHIGAN. Michigan. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MICHIGAN. Approved April 28, 1875. AN ACT to provide for paying the expenses of the supervision of such products of soil and mine, works of art, and manufactured articles, as the citizens of Michigan may send to the Centennial Exhibition to be held in Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, during the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. SECTION I . The People of the State of Michigan enact, That the Governor is hereby authorized to appoint a Board of Managers, consisting of four persons, representing the agricultural, pomological, mining, and manufacturing interests of this State, whose duty it shall be to supervise the forwarding to the place of the Centennial Exhibition in Philadel- phia, to be held between the months of April and October in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, all such articles, whether of art, or the products of soil and mine, or of manufactures, that any of the citizens of Michigan may desire to send to such Exhibition, and shall provide storage for them at the place of shipment, and make such arrangements for freight and conveyance as shall best serve the interest of the owners of said articles. Provided, that the cost of transportation shall be paid by the owners of said articles. SEC. 2. The members of said Board of Managers shall be entitled, for their services, to a sum sufficient to defray their actual and necessary disbursements in the discharge of their duties, and for personal expenses while actually engaged in the performance of the duties of said Board. SEC. 3. That the sum of seven thousand five hundred dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be and the same is hereby appropriated from the general fund for the purpose of paying the expenses of said Board as above described. SEC. 4. Upon satisfactory vouchers of expenses incurred, exhibited by the Managers to the Governor, it shall be the duty of the Auditor-General, upon the requisition of the Governor, to draw his warrant on the State Treasurer for such sum or sums, not exceeding the amount hereby appropriated, as may be necessary, to be used for the purpose herein- before prescribed. State action. Michigan. 174 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. SEC. 5. The Governor shall be Chairman of the Board of Managers, and shall have power to remove any of said Managers, for good and sufficient cause, and to appoint others in their place. SEC. 6. This Act shall take immediate effect. Approved April 28, 1875. Minnesota. MINNESOTA. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR HORACE AUSTIN. January, 1873. The plan proposed for a celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of our national existence by an International Exhibition of industry and the arts is receiving the increased attention its importance deserves. Considering that the happy rescue of the nation's life from the perils of internal dissen- sion has vindicated the character of popular government throughout the world, as well from the fears of its friends as the hopes of its enemies, and that the present age is embla- zoned rather with the victories of peace than the trophies of war, it would seem peculiarly fitting that the rounded century of the nation's happy existence should be crowned with a display of the fruits of those industries and arts to which it so largely owes its prosperity and its proud position among the nations of the world. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MINNESOTA. Approved March 9, 1875. A BILL to secure for the State a proper representation of its Resources, Products, and Manufactures at the International Exhibition at Philadelphia, in i8jd. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota : SECTION I. The sum of five hundred dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of the State treasury, for the purpose of enabling the State Board of Centennial Managers heretofore appointed, consisting of Pennock Pusey, Philip S. Harris, and Paris Gibson, to make a proper display of the mineral, agricultural, and natural resources of our State, and of its manufactures and products, at the International Exhibi- tion at Philadelphia, in 1876. SEC. 2. Said money shall be expended on the order of said Commissioners, in such way as they shall deem will best accomplish the object expressed in the first section, and best conduce to the advantage, reputation, and interests of the State in said Exhibition ; Pro- vided, that no part of said amount shall be used as pay for services rendered by said Board. SEC. 3. Said Board shall report to the Governor, prior to the next session of the Legis- lature, their action, and a statement of the means used by them to accomplish the objects of their appointment. SEC. 4. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR C. K. DAVIS. January 7, 1876. The Legislature at its last session appointed a Board of Centennial Commissioners, and made a small provisional appropriation to enable them to enter upon their work. It appears from their report that they have taken steps to collect a cabinet of ores, minerals, fossils, APPENDIX D. 175 soils, and building-stones of the State, and specimens of our forest trees and plants. State action They have succeeded by personal efforts in awakening a lively interest among our manu- MinneM)la ' facturers. They express very emphatically their conviction that the occasion is one which should be met by the State as a State, and they recommend an appropriation of $32,000 for that purpose. They recommend us to follow the example of oth-jr Western States, and to erect a building to be exclusively used for the exhibition of our contributions. We are now at the beginning of the hundredth year of our National Independence. For one century the idea of self-government as embodied in oir Constitution has been sub- jected to all the tests which try the stability of nations, and it has withstood them all. Foreign war, territorial aggrandizement, the canker of peace, the disintegrating influence of slavery, civil dissension ending in civil war, have by turns attacked our institutions with all their powers of destruction, only to leave those institutions firmer and more glorious than before. At Philadelphia, in 1776, it was pronounced that all men are created equal and that all governments derive their just power from the consent of the governed, and it is now pro- posed that at that city in the year 1876 the nations of the earth shall meet in commemora- tion of that event and vie in exposition of the products of art and industry. This occasion is one which appeals for recognition to every patriotic heart. This com- memorative act is to be performed at a time when our country is at peace with all nations; when the animosities of fraternal strife are nearly effaced by the sweet oblivion of restored love for our country; when statesmen from every State are laboring together to make the assurance of our future doubly sure; when no word is heard, no argument spoken, for dis- memberment of the Union, when every thought is for its perpetuity ; when the influence of education has suffused the very being of every citizen of the Republic ; when art and science, keeping pace with the advance of our country in prosperity, exhibit their results on every hand, not only in the luxurious appliances of civilization, but also in the satisfaction of the daily wants of life. You will find upon inquiry that other States have made liberal appropriations with which to enable them to take their part in this historic pageant with dignity and propriety ; and I trust that Minnesota will appear among her sisterhood in such guise that no comparison will put her to shame. EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR JOHN S. PILLSBURY. January 7, 1876. It is difficult, in my judgment, to exaggerate the importance to Minnesota of a full presentation at the Centennial Exhibition, to commence in May next, of her varied and ample products. Of the event itself, it is no exaggeration to say that it will and ought to prove to Americans, at least, the most significant occurrence of the century. Other nations have had Industrial Exhibitions evidencing the achievements of the arts and sciences, and attesting the progress of the age. Ours will commemorate a nation created and a nation saved. It will exhibit not merely the progress of the original members of the Union, but the matured industries of new States. Jt will not only vindicate the character of popular institutions, but array the agencies by which the laboring man of to-day possesses more comforts than did the monarchs of past ages. Except for the use of steam, the most potent agency in material achievements, it is safe to say that the entire Northwest would yet have remained a wilderness. Is it not fitting that Minnesota should pay a tribute to the agency to which she owes her existence, and add to the display of a nation of which she is so prosperous a member? She should esteem it a privilege to bear part and lot in such an Exhibition. But from a more practical view, the opportunity afforded to encourage immigration, by 176 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. Minnesota. an exhibition of agricultural and industrial products, and of other evidences of the re- sources and attractions of our State, will be so extraordinary, that to neglect it will be, in my opinion, a grave mistake. Most of the neighboring States which compete with us for immigration are erecting separate buildings upon the Centennial grounds for the exclusive display of their own products. Would it not be a matter of policy for Minnesota to follow that example ? As it is an event not likely to occur again within the lifetime of any person now in existence, so it is not likely that the century will furnish another occasion justifying so clearly an adequate expenditure for the realization of its highest purpose. The matter is commended to your consideration with a recommendation for such prompt and just action as will secure the end desired. Mississippi. MISSISSIPPI. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MISSISSIPPI. Approved April 6, 1874. AN ACT to provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Centennial Exhi- bition, and to create a State Centennial Board of Managers. SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, That the Governor shall appoint five citizens of the State of Mississippi who shall, in connection with the Commissioners and Alternate Commissioners of this State, constitute a State Centennial Board of Managers. SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the State Board to organize the State in such a manner as to secure its thorough representation in the Exhibition. They will have the care and interests of the State and its citizens in matters relating to the Exhi- bition, to disseminate information about it, to issue invitations to participants, to receive and pronounce upon applications for space, to appropriate the same placed at its disposal among the exhibitors from this State, and to supervise such details relating to the representations of its citizens in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United States Centennial Commission. SEC. 3. Be itfttrther enacted, That after the election of one of its members as Presi- dent, and one member to act as Secretary and Treasurer, they may establish an office for the transaction of their business in Jackson, or such other place as will best suit their con- venience. SEC. 4. Be it further enacted, That this Act take effect and be in force from and after its passage. [NOTE. By Act of the Legislature, approved March 6, 1875, being the Act making appropriations for 1875, there was appropriated " For State Centennial Board, five thousand dollars ($5000.)"] EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR ADELBERT AMES. January, 1876. At the last session of the Legislature an appropriation of five thousand dollars ($50001 was made for the use of the Centennial Board in preparing for a proper representation of the products of the State at the International Exhibition to be held in the City of Phila- delphia this year. The Act of the Legislature making the appropriation provides that the Board shall make reports from time to time of their action in the use and expenditure of the same. A portion of the appropriation was applied to the payment of Centennial premiums at the recent State ATTEND IX D. Fair. Other expenses have been incurred ; a detailed statement of which will be furnished State action. in the report of the officers of the State Board. Mississippi. I recommend a liberal appropriation, that there may be a creditable exhibition of the products and interests of the State. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MISSISSIPPI. Became a law by limitation, March 13, 1876. AN ACT to amend an Act entitled "An Act to provide for the efficient adjustment of the pre- liminaries to the Centennial Exhibition, and to create a Centennial Board of Manag.rsJ* approved April 6, 1874. SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, That an Act en- titled "An Act to provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Centennial Exhibition, and to create a Centennial Board of Managers," approved April 6, 1874, be and the same is hereby amended as follows : Strike out the word " Governor" in the second and third lines of Section I, and insert in lieu thereof the words, "the President/^ tern. of the Senate," and after the word " appoint," in the third line, insert the following words: " four, and the Speaker of the House." SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That all appointments heretofore made under the provisions of the above-recited Act be and they are hereby declared null and void ; Provided, That nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to invalidate any action of said Board hereto- fore had in accordance with the provisions of said Act. SEC. 3. Be it further enacted, That all Acts and parts of Acts in conflict with this Act be and the same are hereby repealed, and that this Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MISSISSIPPI. Approved April 14, 1876. A JOINT RESOLUTION in relation to the State Board of Centennial Commissioners, WJiereas, The number of Centennial Commissioners may be increased without addi- tional expense ; therefore, Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, That the Governor be au- thorized to appoint six additional persons as members of the State Board of Centennial Commissioners immediately after the passage of this Act. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR J. M. STONE. January, 1877. Agreeably to an Act passed at your last session, the Centennial Board of Managers for this State was re-organized. Fifteen gentlemen, representing various industrial pursuits and residing in different portions of the State, were commissioned. The former Board had already contracted for the erection of a building at Fairmount Park, intended as a head- quarters for visitors from Mississippi. The new Board ratified the contract, and the build- ing was ready at the opening of the Exhibition on the loth of May. This building was erected by the " Mississippi Valley Industrial Company" of McComb City, and the lumber used in its construction represented sixty-eight varieties of timber grown in Pike and Lin- coln Counties. I am informed by the Managers and many visitors that it was one of the most attractive State buildings in the Park. The limited time and the limited appropriation at the disposal of the new Board pre- 12 State action. Mississippi. 178 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. vented a full exhibit ot our State products and industries at the Exhibition : still, a credit- able display was entered, and first honors were awarded the Mississippi Mills at Wasson, and the Whitfield Manufacturing Company at Corinth, for several classes of fabrics exhibited by those establishments. The Board of Managers will submit to you a detailed statement of expenditures per- taining to the Exhibition, and their report will show that although the appropriation was limited to five thousand dollars, a considerable portion was unexpended and has been returned to the State Treasury. Missouri. MISSOURI. MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SILAS WOODSON. January 7, 1874. In November last I received a communication from the Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director- General of the United States Centennial Commission, which I beg to lay before you, and ask you to take such steps in reference to the suggestions found in it as you in your wisdom may think best. The International Exhibition at Philadelphia, in 1876, will perhaps equal, if it does not excel, anything of the kind that has preceded it in the annals of history. Not only will the States of the American Union strive to excel each other in the displays of their productions, skill, and genius, but our people as a people, for the first time under favorable auspices, will be brought into competition with the nationalities of the civilized world. An epitome of America will be presented at the Exhibition. In a word, our people, resources, productions, power, skill, genius, and capabilities are to be exhibited to the gaze of man- kind. What our country really is, will for the first time be witnessed, known, and appre- ciated by the nations of the earth. From what is seen of us, and as exhibited at Philadel- phia in 1876, we are to be known and judged from the centre to the extreme verge of civilization. I confess that I not only feel great interest in seeing the nation acquit itself with honor upon the occasion, but I am still more anxious to see Missouri occupying the front rank when brought into competition with her sister States. Missouri, if she wills it, can make a finer display, and win greater distinction in many respects, than any other State. Her mineral resources are more varied and richer than those of any other. The skill and genius of her artists are unsurpassed, whilst her agricultural products will scarcely be rivaled. It is for you to say what steps shall be taken to have our beloved State fairly represented upon the grand occasion to which your attention has been called. Herewith I send you the report of the Commissioner and Alternate of Missouri upon the subject. Montana, MONTANA. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR B. F. POTTS. January, 1873. The celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence will be held in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1876. A great International Exhibition of the products of the mines, soil, manufactures, and the arts will be a prominent feature of the celebration. The President of the United States has appointed a Commissioner and an Alternate to represent this Territory at the Exhibition. I recommend that you provide a sufficient appropriation to enable our citizens to place on exhibition such products of the Territory as will properly represent the great riches of our mines and soil. APPENDIX D. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR B. F. POTTS. State action Montana. January, 1874. To THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY: I have the honor to submit for your information a letter from the Hon. Daniel J. Mor- rill, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the U. S. Centennial Commission, together with information for exhibitors, and a proclamation of the President of the United States announcing the time and place of holding the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufac- tures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the year 1876. I commend this subject to your most favorable consideration, and trust you will not hesi- tate to provide by appropriate legislation for giving the products of Montana a prominent place at said Exhibition. I suggest the appointment of a Board composed of some of the most influential citizens of the Territory, to aid in the collection of the products of the Territory, to be forwarded as early as the autumn of 1875 to Philadelphia. Respectfully, B. F. POTTS, Governor. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR B. F. POTTS. January 5, 1874. To THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY: I desire to again call your attention to the importance of making an appropriation to defray the expenses of placing Montana on an equal footing with the other Territories at the Centennial Celebration in 1876. The question is with you whether Montana shall be known in the Celebration. If the resources of Montana are properly represented, it will do more to make her wealth known to the world, and attract capital and immigrants, than anything else that is in the power of the Legislature to do. I respectfully request that you take favorable action on the subject. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MONTANA. Approved February 13, 1874. Resolved, by the House of Representatives, the Council concurring, That the sum of five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated out of any moneys in the Territorial treasury, not otherwise appropriated, to defray the expense of packing and transporting such articles as in the judgment of the persons hereafter named are appropriate and worthy to be exhibited at the International Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia in 1876, and to defray the expenses of arranging such department as may be assigned to the Territory of Montana at said Exhi- bition by the managers thereof, and that the Territorial Auditor be, and is hereby, author- ized to draw his warrants on the Territorial Treasurer in favor of William H. Claggett, Patrick A. Largey, and Emma Bowen, or any one of them, upon the order of two of them, at such time or times as they may request, and in such sum or sums as they may desire, so that in the aggregate the foregoing sum is not exceeded, and the parties aforesaid occupying relations of trust in various capacities to said Exhibition and the connection of this Territory therewith, this resolution shall be interpreted and held to insure to the suc- cessors of the parties aforesaid, in said trust, or any of them, for the uses and purposes aforesaid. l8o INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. NEBRASKA. Nebraska. EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR R. W. FURNAS. January 10, 1873. Congress has provided for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876. Each State and Terri- tory of the Union will be expected to send its peculiar products, illustrating its resources, both developed and undeveloped, thus affording an opportunity of comparing their industrial condition and capabilities. The President of the United States has appointed two Com- missioners for each State. It will be incumbent upon the respective States themselves to provide means by which they will be properly represented. The undertaking commends itself to the support and sympathy of the American people, and I trust our State will be fully represented. To this end some suitable legislation would be appropriate. Nevada NEVADA. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR L. R. BRADLEY. January 8, 1873. A law of Congress, approved June first, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, authorizes the organization of a Centennial Board of Finance, composed of members from the differ- ent States and Territories, apportioned according to their representation in Congress. Their duties are to raise by subscriptions to stock authorized by that law the sum of ten mil- lion dollars, for the purpose of carrying into effect a law approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, creating a Board of Centennial Commissioners, whose duties are to make all needful preparations for the celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. The quota of stock allotted to Nevada is eleven thousand and twenty dollars, which I earnestly hope may be subscribed by our citizens. This is not intended as a donation, but as a subscription to the stock above referred to. It is probable that the money subscribed will be fully reimbursed, and a fair rate of interest returned with the principal. It is sincerely to be wished that, whatever other States may do, the young State of Nevada may fully respond to the call made upon the patriotism of her citizens. I have nominated to the President of the United States for appointment as Commis- sioner and Alternate Commissioner to represent Nevada, Hon. William W. McCoy, of Lander County, and Hon. James W. Haincs, of Douglas. Commissions to these gentle- men have been issued by the Department of State. The law creating the Centennial Board of Finance names for this State F. A. Tritle, of Storey, J. W. Haines, of Douglas, C. H. Eastman, of Washo, and B. H. Meder, of Ormsby. For Nevada, as Congressional District, Frank Tilford, of White Pine, and S. H. Wright, of Ormsby. To the above-named gentlemen is assigned the raising of Nevada's quota. This occasion will call together upon the day of our Centennial jubilee a greater number of persons than have ever assembled on this planet at any time in its known history. APPENDIX D. X 8l ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEVADA. State actum. Approved March 5, 1875. The people of the State of Nevada, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : SECTION I. The sum of twenty thousand dollars in United States gold coin, out of any money in the general fund of the State treasury, or which may hereafter be therein, is hereby taken out of said general fund and made into one to be known as the Centennial fund, and said fund shall be drawn upon for purposes in this Act specified, and none other. Expenditures of money from said fund shall be under the direction and control of the State Board of Centennial Commissioners of this State, and shall be made for the securing, labeling, classifying, packing, and transportation of appropriate mineralogical specimens from this State for exhibition in the Centennial Exhibition, at Philadelphia, in eighteen hundred and seventy-six. SEC. 2. Said fund hereby created may be drawn upon by said State Board of Centen- nial Commissioners in advance of actual expenditure when made to appear to be necessary, upon application to and approval by the State Board of Examiners of this State, properly certified by said Board of Examiners to the State Controller, who shall thereupon draw his warrant for the amount on the State Treasurer, payable out of the Centennial fund in favor of the State Board of Centennial Commissioners, and the Treasurer shall pay the same ; Provided, that the State Board of Examiners shall, before certifying any such application, require of the State Board of Centennial Commissioners a good and sufficient bond, to be approved by the State Board of Examiners, for the faithful expenditure and accounting for, or the return to the State treasury of this State of all money so advanced therefrom. SEC. 3. All claims against this State for expenditures of moneys under the provision., of this Act shall be certified by the Executive Committee of the said Board of Centennial Commissioners to the State Board of Examiners ; and the latter Board, if it approve, shall certify said claim or claims to the Controller of State. SEC. 4. When any advance is made, as in this Act provided for, the Controller of State shall charge the amount thereof to the State Board of Centennial Commissioners aforesaid. SEC. 5. When any claim against the State shall be presented, under the provisions of this Act, to the State Board of Examiners, it shall be specified thereon whether or not the same has been paid out of a previous advance of money made by the State, pursuant to this Act ; and if it be a claim so paid, the Controller of State shall credit it against the previous charge or charges made, as provided in section four of this Act; and if it be a claim not so paid, he shall draw his warrant for the amount thereof, in favor of the claimant, on the State Treasurer, payable out of the Centennial Fund, and the Treasurer shall pay the same- SEC. 6. The State Board of Centennial Commissioners may apply moneys appropriated by this Act for the purpose of erecting and having at said Centennial Exhibition a quartz- mill, to be operated at least one day in each week during said Centennial Exhibition, in the reduction of such ores as may be furnished by citizens of this State for that purpose. SEC. 7. Such mineralogical specimens as shall be exhibited from this State, pursuant to this Act, shall be donated by said Board of Centennial Commissioners, on behalf of this State, to the National Cabinet, at Philadelphia, at the close of said Centennial Exhibition. SEC. 8. Said Board of Centennial Commissioners shall make a full and detailed report and statement of their proceedings and expenditures, pursuant to this Act, to the Governor of this State, who shall transmit the same to the Legislature at the next regular session thereof. SEC. 9. Any part of the Centennial Fund created by this Act not expended as herein provided, shall revert to the General Fund of the State. SEC. 10. No officer of this State shall receive from the State any compensation for any service rendered or labor performed under the provisions of this Act. State action New Hampshire. 182 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. NEW HAMPSHIRE. JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. Approved July 14, 1871. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened : That the Governor, with four other persons, to be appointed by the Governor, by and with the consent of the Council, shall be a Committee for the State of New Hampshire to co-oper- ate with Committees from other States upon the subject of the Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, said Committee to stand until that time, and to report at each intervening Legislature, and make such sugges- tions and recommendations from time to time to the Legislature as they may think proper. JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. Approved July 3, 1875. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened: That the sum of ten thousand dollars be appropriated out of any money in the treasury, to be expended by his Excellency the Governor and the -Honorable Council at such times as they may think proper in the purchase of the stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, incor- porated by the Congress of the United States. JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. Approved July 3, 1875. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened : That to enable the State of New Hampshire to participate in the Centennial Exhibition at Phila- delphia, in 1876, in a manner becoming one of the original thirteen States, and to make the necessary arrangements therefor, the sum of five thousand dollars, to be expended under the direction of the Centennial Committee of New Hampshire, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated for that purpose ; and the Governor is hereby authorized to draw his warrant therefor. JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. Approved July 20, 1876. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened : That his Excellency the Governor, by and with the advice of the Council, be, and hereby is, authorized to approve and pay such bills as in their judgment are judicious and reasonable for promoting the best interest of the State at the Centennial Exhibition, not to exceed fifteen hundred dollars ; and the same is hereby appropriated from any money not other- wise appropriated in the treasury. New Jersey. NEW JERSEY. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOEL PARKER. January 13, 1874. In 1871 the Congress of the United States passed an Act providing for the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence. It was determined to APPENDIX D. 183 celebrate the event in the city where the Declaration of Independence was signed, by an State action. International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and the Products of the Soil and Mine. New J ersc y- Soon after the passage of the Act above referred to, a corporate body called the " United States Centennial Commission," consisting of representatives from each State and Territory, was organized, charged with the duty of maturing a plan, and selecting a site for the Exhi- bition. In 1872 the " Centennial Board of Finance" was incorporated. The members of that body in the various States and Territories were to procure subscriptions to capital stock, amounting in all to ten millions of dollars, with which it was designed to erect buildings and conduct the Exhibition on a scale of magnificence and grandeur becoming a great nation, and the importance of the event to be commemorated. The New Jersey Corporators held several meetings, appointed agents to procure subscriptions, and issued an address to the people explaining the object, and urging subscriptions to the stock allotted as the just pro- portion of this Commonwealth. I regret to be obliged to state that the response anticipated has not been made to that appeal. In the mean time Congress enacted that whenever the President of the United States should be informed by the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania that provision had been made for the erection of suitable buildings, and for the exclusive control of the Exhibition by the United States Centennial Commission, he should make proclamation of the same, setting forth the time and place when and where the Exhibition would open, and that he should communicate to the diplomatic representatives of all nations copies of his proclama- tion, with such regulations as might be adopted by the Commissioners, for publication in their respective countries. On the 24th day of June last the Governor of Pennsylvania, upon certificate on behalf of the Centennial Commission and the Finance Committee to the effect that such provision had been made, so informed the President of the United States, and on the third day of July the President officially proclaimed that the Exhibition would be held in the City of Philadelphia, to be opened on the igth day of April, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and closed on the ipth day of October of the same year, and in behalf of this Government and people commended the Celebration and Exhibition to all nations. From the above brief recital of the initial steps that have been taken, it will be ob- served that the Government and people of the United States are committed to the success of the Exhibition. Should it fail, the country would be disgraced in the eyes of the civil- ized world, and every American citizen would feel humiliated. It is time that the people should be made to understand and realize that the success or failure of the Centennial Exhibition depends upon present action. The arrangements for so grand an enterprise on so extensive a scale cannot be made in a day, a month, or a year. It is not wise for us to shut our eyes to the fact that the plan inaugurated by Congress to raise the necessary funds has not succeeded as was hoped, and that something must speedily be done to insure that result. It is true that the people of Pennsylvania, especially in the City of Philadelphia, have responded nobly with material aid. It was through the liberality of the authorities and citizens of Philadelphia that the President of the United States was able to announce that the Exhibition would be held, but that announcement was based upon the expectation that the people of other sections of the country would add to their generous contributions. Only a sufficient sum was subscribed to justify the commencement of the great work, and it was not supposed that it would be left to one city or one State to complete it. I am satisfied that the failure of the people of New Jersey thus far to take an active part in promoting the success of the Exhibition has resulted in a great degree from an impression that the time for action had not come. Surely Jerseymen cannot be indifferent to the object. No State in the Union sacrificed more to maintain the Declaration of Inde- pendence than New Jersey, and none has derived greater benefits from the institutions founded upon that instrument. She gave to the cause of liberty her blood, her wisdom, and her treasure. She was the highway of contending armies throughout the Revolutionary INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, war. There is scarcely an acre of soil within her borders that was npt trod by the foot of New Jersey, fae invader. There was scarcely a family that did not mourn its heroic dead, who fell that the Declaration might remain a living power for the diffusion of free principles throughout the world in all coming time. The descendants of Revolutionary sires certainly do not need urging in such a cause. As soon as they realize the magnitude of the undertaking, and that what is to be done must be done quickly, they will contribute their full share toward its accomplishment. It will, however, take time to obtain subscriptions and collect funds from the people, and it is evident that the plan devised by Congress, already so long delayed in execution, will not alone produce the required amount soon enough to answer the purposes of the Centennial Commission. To secure such an exhibition as the occasion demands the General Government must at once appropriate a sum of money sufficiently large to enable the Com- missioners to proceed promptly and actively to carry forward their plans for the construction of the necessary buildings, trusting to the States and to the people to supplement the amount until the requisite sum be obtained. Congress inaugurated the movement under national auspices, and the President of the United States has announced to all nations that the Ex- hibition will be held; the people desire that it shall be held, and they expect Congress to make such provision as will not only insure it against possibility of failure, but render it at least equal to any international exhibition that has been held in any part of the world. To that end I recommend the passage of resolutions requesting the Senators and Representatives in Congress from this State to favor and vote for such appropriation. I also recommend the passage of an Act giving authority for the appointment of five " State Centennial Managers," who, with the United States Commissioner for this State and the Alternate Commissioner, shall constitute a State Board of Centennial Managers to provide for the arrangement of preliminaries, give information to the people so as to secure a thorough representation of the State in the Exhibition, apportion space among exhibitors, arid supervise generally the New Jersey department. An appropriation should be made to cover the incidental expenses of such Board of Managers. The State Geologist should also be authorized and instructed to collect and arrange the minerals of the State for exhi- bition. Resolutions should be passed commending the object to the people, requesting them to subscribe for stock, and recommending the holding of meetings in every part of the State to insure a full exposition of our varied manufactures and products. The way proposed is the proper one to celebrate the Centennial year of American Independence. Mere military parades and illuminations would not be sufficient. The true method is to hold a grand international exhibition, and give to all the nations of the earth ocular demonstration of what a hundred years of republican government has here done to develop art, science, and skilled labor. It is also proper that the great celebration should commence on the anniversary of the first battle of the Revolution, of Lexington, and close on the anniversary of the final victory at Yorktown. It is most fitting that the nation should hold its Centennial in the city of its birth, where the great chart of freedom was prepared, signed, and promulgated. There the representa- tives of every State and Territory will meet around the altar at which their forefathers met, renew their allegiance, and in the presence of all nations rejoice that they still have a united country. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY. Approved March 5, 1874. AN ACT relating to the Centennial Celebration of American Independence. Whereas, It is proposed by the people and Government of the United States that the Centennial Anniversary of American Independence shall be celebrated by a great Inter- APPENDIX D. I8 5 national Exhibition, to be held in Philadelphia, with the view of exhibiting to the world the c; ta te action, progress made by the Republic in one hundred years ; And whereas, by an Act of Con- New Jersey. gress approved June first, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, a Centennial Board of Finance was created for the purpose of procuring the funds necessary to erect buildings and meet the expenses of the Exhibition ; And whereas, the said proposed Exhibition being entirely national in its character, and for the equal benefit of the whole Union, and intended to celebrate and commemorate that great, memorable, and decisive event, the declaration of our independence as a nation, it is but right and proper that it should be celebrated in a manner commensurate with our character and greatness as a people and a nation, and that all the means necessary to properly inaugurate it should be promptly provided ; there- fore, admitting these facts, and recognizing the obligation and duty that rests upon this State to do its part in providing the means necessary to enable the Centennial Board of Finance to proceed with the work, 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That the Governor, Comptroller, and Treasurer be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed in behalf of, and in the name of the State of New Jersey, to subscribe for ten thousand shares of the Centennial stock, at the par value of ten dollars each, which stock, as soon as issued by the Centennial Board of Finance, shall become the property of the State, and be held by the Treasurer for the use and benefit of the State. 2. And be it enacted, That the Treasurer of the State is hereby directed to pay out of any funds in the treasury the installments upon such stock so subscribed, as the same may become due and payable, that is to say, twenty per cent, thereof on the 1st day of April next, and twenty per cent, thereof every three months thereafter, until the whole of the said stock so subscribed for shall be fully paid ; Provided, that no part of the money appropriated by this Act shall be paid until sufficient money shall be subscribed or appropriated either by the national Government, the States, by corporations or individuals, or by all combined, to make the proposed Exhibition, in the opinion of the Governor, Comptroller, and Treasurer, a success as a national Exhibition. And provided further, that if in the judgment of the Governor, Comptroller, and Treasurer the success of the Exhibition shall not be assured before the 1st day of April of the present year, that then in that event the first installment of twenty per cent, on the said stock shall be paid on the first day of the next month after such assurance shall be attained, and the remaining installments thereof every three months thereafter until the whole shall be paid. Approved March 5, 1874. EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR JOSEPH D. BEDLE. January 19, 1875. The people ought not to overlook the importance of securing to our State a representa- tion in the National Centennial commensurate with her dignity, her history, and growth; and to encourage and arrange for it, it is desirable that provision be made at this session for the appointment of a suitable Commission. New Jersey was among the foremost in the great work of independence, and her valor, her struggles, and her battle-fields have made her renowned. No State has had a more varied or substantial development. By none is she excelled in her industries, her agriculture, her internal commerce, her mines devel- oped, her homes, her institutions of learning and charity, her system of laws, or her pa- triotism, virtue, and intelligence ; and in none should there be greater ardor and voluntary effort by her citizens to give success and character to the great celebration of the century. 1 86 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY. New Jersey. Approved April 8, 1875. AN ACT to authorize the appointment of a Centennial Board for /his State, and to define its duties. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That there shall be appointed for this State, on nomination by the Governor, to be confirmed by the Senate, seven persons, who shall be residents of the State, who, with the United States Centennial Commissioner and Alternate from New Jersey, shall constitute " The New Jersey Centennial Board." 2. And be it enacted, That it shall be the duty of " The New Jersey State Centennial Board" to co-operate with the United States Centennial Commission in encouraging and forwarding the objects of the International Exhibition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six, authorized by the Congress of the United States, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, and especially to organize, prepare, superintend, and have the general management of the New Jersey department of the said Centennial Exhibition. 3. And be it enacted, That to accomplish the objects, stated in the next preceding sec- tion it shall be the duty of "The New Jersey State Centennial Board" to disseminate throughout this State information regarding said proposed Exhibition ; to take measures to secure the co-operation of scientific, agricultural, mechanical, manufacturing, and other asso- ciations in the several counties; to appoint co-operative local committees (where the people of the locality do not appoint) representing the respective industries of the State ; to stimu- late local action designed to make the New Jersey department of the Exhibition worthy the State ; to encourage the production of articles suitable for exhibition ; to render assist- ance in furthering the finance and other interests of the Exhibition, and furnishing informa- tion to the United States Centennial Commissionand to the people of the State on all subjects connected with the success thereof. 4. And be it enacted, That the said Board shall continue until such time after the close of the said Exhibition as will be necessary to complete and settle the business connected therewith, not later than the first day of January, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-seven. 5. And be it enacted, That the members of said Board shall not receive any compensa- tion for their services. 6. And be it enacted, That to pay the necessary expenses attending and consequent upon the discharge of their duties, and to enable the State Geologist to prepare and arrange for exhibition specimens of the minerals of the State and other articles belonging to his de- partment, and for such aid and assistance as shall be necessary to carry out the objects of this Act, there be hereby appropriated the sum of ten thousand dollars, and that out of the same there shall be paid so much as shall be necessary to defray the expenses as aforesaid, to be paid by the Treasurer of the State upon the warrant of the Comptroller upon being certified by the President of said Board, the whole amount paid not to exceed ten thou- sand dollars. 7. And be it enacted, That this Act shall take effect immediately. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOSEPH D. BEDLE. January 1 1, 1876. The Commissioners have been very diligent in providing for a proper representation of the State at the Centennial in Philadelphia. No State will reap a more durable benefit from the Exhibition than this. The appropriation of last session is inadequate to meet APPENDIX D. 18 7 their necessary expenditures ; considerable of it will be consumed in the work of the Geo- State action, logical Board, in gathering and preparing its mineral and other specimens. These will be Ncw J crsc y- of permanent advantage after the Exhibition, as it is intended to arrange and preserve them in the State-house. The Commissioners, alike with those of several other States, are erect- ing a building for the common use of the people of this State on the Centennial grounds. Such accommodation will be indispensable in the very nature of things, considering how many from this State, by reason of its proximity, will visit the Exhibition. I recommend a further appropriation to enable the Commissioners to complete their duties under the law, and the construction of the building. This year is not only the one hundredth of the nation, but of our constitutional existence as a State. The Constitution under which we lived and grew in strength until 1844, was adopted July 2, 1776. Surely, we cannot fail to appropriately mark a period like this in our history. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY. Approved February 15, 1876. SUPPLEMENT TO AN ACT entitled "An Act to authorize the appointment of a Centennial Board for this State, and to define its duties." Approved April eighth, eighteen hun- dred and seventy-Jive. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That for the purposes contemplated in the Act to which this is a supplement, the further sum ot ten thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, to be paid by the Treasurer of this State, upon the warrant of the Comptroller, certified by the President of the said Board of Commissioners. 2. And be it enacted, That this Act shall take effect immediately. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY. Approved March 15, 1876. AN ACT to secitre a representation of the educational interests of New Jersey at the Centen- nial Exhibition. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of Neiu Jersey, That it shall be the duty of the State Board of Educaticn to secure a proper exhibit of the edu- cational interests of this State at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. 2. And be it enacted, That for the purpose of defraying the expenses incurred in securing said exhibit, a sufficient sum, not to exceed four thousand dollars, is hereby appropriated, to be paid by the Treasurer of the State, on warrant of the Comptroller, upon being certified by the President and Secretary of said Board. 3. And be it enacted, That this Act shall go into effect immediately. NEW MEXICO. New Mexico EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SAMUEL B. AXTELL. December 6, 1875. It is proper to call your attention to the Centennial annirersary of our existence as a nation, and to the Exhibition of the world's industries in connection with it at Philadelphia next year. It is certainly desirable that New Mexico be properly presented there. We are !88 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, rich in minerals, and samples of our grains would attest the richness of the soil of New New Mexico. Mexico; our wines would show us to be a grape-growing country, and many curious and ingeniously wrought fabrics would show our skill and industry. The various officers, both Territorial and county, connected with the Exhibition, are exerting themselves to their utmost to make these collections ; it remains with you to provide the means for their trans- portation. I do not know what amount will be needed, but we are no longer poor, and can well afford to stand honorably by the side of our sister States and Territories in the world- renowned Exhibition. New York NEW YORK. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. Passed April 21, 1871. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION relative to Centennial celebration of the independence of the United States at the City of Philadelphia. Resolved (if the Senate concur), That John T. Hoffman, Governor of this State, and three persons to be appointed by him, the Hon. Allen C. Beach, Lieutenant-Governor, and five members of the Senate to be appointed by him, the Hon. William Hitchman (the Speaker of this House), and seven members of the Assembly to be appointed by him, shall be a Committee of the State of New York to co-operate with Committees of other States upon the subject of the Centennial celebration of the independence of the United States, to be held at the City of Philadelphia in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six ; and said Committee fhus appointed to act until the end of such celebration. They are hereby required to report to each intervening Legislature, and make such recommendations and suggestions to the Legislature from time to time as they may think proper and expedient in reference to said Centennial celebration. The said Committee thus appointed shall bear and pay its own expenses, so that no charge for the same shall be made against the State. STATE OF NEW YORK. IN ASSEMBLY, April 21, 1871. The foregoing resolution was duly passed. By order of the Assembly. C. W. ARMSTRONG, Clerk. STATE OF NEW YORK. IN SENATE, April 21, 1871. The foregoing i-esolution was duly passed. By order of the Senate. HIRAM CALKINS, Clerk. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN A. DIX. January 6, 1874. On the 3d March, 1871, the Congress of the United States passed an Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an In- ternational Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876. The Act provided for the appointment of a Commissioner and an Alternate Com- missioner from each State and Territory, to constitute a Commission, which was required to hold its meetings in the City of Philadelphia, and to report to Congress a plan for carrying out the object of the Act. APPENDIX D. 189 Preliminary measures have been already adopted for the purpose, and the President of state action, the United States has issued his proclamation commending the Celebration and Exhibition New York. to the people of the United States and to all nations who may be pleased to take part in them. It is now recommended by the Centennial Commission that each State and Territory appoint a Board of Managers, not exceeding five in number, for the purpose of organizing their respective States and Territories, and of securing a thorough representation of the products of industry of each in the Exhibition. Several of the States have entered with earnestness upon the work, and it is greatly to be desired that it should be carried out in a manner which will be creditable to the country. In order that the products of our own industry may be advantageously exhibited, a State Board seems to be indispensable. It is not proposed that the members should have any compensation, and it is not doubted that gentlemen can be found who will undertake the service for the purpose of insuring a proper representation of the State at an Exhibition in which our States and Territories and foreign countries will take part. But it ought not to be expected that they should do more than pay their own personal expenses. The labor of preparing and managing the exhibits of the States is very great, and cannot be per- formed without the aid of a secretary and clerk, and without incurring expenditures for the rent of an office and some incidental objects. These expenditures must be borne by the State if such a Board is created. The amount need not exceed seven or eight thousand dollars a year for the term of two years from the Fourth of July next. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. Passed April 30, 1874. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION authorizing the Governor to appoint Commissioners to represent the State at the Centennial Exhibition. Whereas, His Excellency the Governor recommends, in his annual message, the appoint- ment of a Board of Commissioners to represent this State and its industrial and other interests in the Centennial Exhibition soon to be held in the City of Philadelphia; and Whereas, The Managers of said Exhibition advise that each State shall select a Com- mission, not exceeding five in number, for the purpose of organizing their respective States and securing a suitable representation of the same in the Exhibition ; therefore, be it Resolved (if the Senate concur), That the Governor be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint five citizens to be Commissioners, who shall represent the State of New York in all matters connected with or pertaining to the Centennial Exhibition. The said Commissioners to receive no compensation for their services or expenses. In addition to the Commissioners herein provided, the Commissioners and Alternates appointed by the President of the United States for the State at large shall be included in the Commission herewith created. STATE OF NEW YORK. IN ASSEMBLY, February 18, 1874. The foregoing resolution was duly passed. By order. JOHN O'DONNELL, Clerk. STATE OF NEW YORK. IN SENATE, April 30, 1874. The foregoing resolution was duly passed. By order. HENRY A. GLIDDEN, Clerk. 1 90 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SAMUEL J. TILDEN. New York. STATE OF NEW YORK. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ALBANY, April 2, 1875. To THE LEGISLATURE: I have the honor to transmit herewith a memorial of the New York Historical Society, praying that it may be charged with the preparation of a memorial volume exhibiting the progress of the State during the past century, for the purposes of the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. (Signed) SAMUEL J. TILDEN. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. Passed June 7, 1875 ; by a two-thirds vote. AN ACT atithorizing the appointment of Centennial Commissioners. The people of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : SECTION I. The Governor is hereby authorized to appoint seven citizens of the State of New York, to serve without pay, who shall constitute a State Centennial Board for the State of New York, who, co-operating with the Centennial Commission, appointed by the President of the United States, in pursuance of the provisions of an Act of Congress in relation LO the holding of an International Exhibition in commemoration of the one hun- dredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and as far as practicable conforming to its general rules and regu- lations, shall adopt measures to promote, perfect, and forward a complete representation of the arts, manufactures, and other productions of this State, to be displayed in said Inter- national Exhibition. SEC. 2. The sum of twenty-five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to pay the proper expenses incident to the performance of the duties imposed upon said Board. SEC. 3. All laws heretofore passed relating to this subject are hereby repealed. SEC. 4. This Act shall take effect immediately. STATE OF NEW YORK, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE, / ss ' I have compared the preceding with the original law on file in this office, and do hereby certify that the same is a correct transcript therefrom and of the whole of said original law. DIEDRICH WILLERS, JR., Secretary of State. EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. 1876. APPROPRIATION made by the Legislative of the State of New York, and included in chap- ter /9j> of the laws of 18^6, entitled " An Act making appropriations for certain expenses of Government and supplying deficiencies in former appropriations" For the State Centennial Board appointed in pursuance of chapter five hundred and twenty-five of the laws of eighteen hundred and seventy-five, the sum of eight thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary to be expended by said Board in providing for the exhibition of the products of the Dairymen's Association of this State, under the direction of the Executive Committee of said Association at the national Centennial Exhi- bition at Philadelphia, and for the expenses attending the same ; but nc part of said sum shall be paid for the personal expenses or services of said Executive Committee. APPENDIX D. l g l NORTH CAROLINA. St.* action. North SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR TOD R. CALDWELL. Carolina. October 30, 1873. To THE HONORABLE THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: I have the honor to transmit herewith for your consideration a communication from the Hon. Daniel J. Morrell, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the United States Cen- tennial Commission, to be held in the City of Philadelphia on the 4th July, 1876. In transmitting the communication, together with accompanying papers, it affords me pleasure, as a North Carolinian and a son of one of the original thirteen colonies, whose services were so conspicuous in the memorable struggle of the Revolutionary war, by which our country was declared to be a free and independent nation, to ask your favorable aid in rendering the Centennial Celebration, commemorative of the heroic exploits of our fore- fathers and the subsequent grandeur of our country, a success, to which we and our pos- terity may for all time revert with feelings of pleasure and pride. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, TOD R. CALDWELL, Governor. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NORTH CAROLINA. Ratified March 22, 1875. Whereas, On the fourth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, the Centennial of American Independence will be celebrated in Philadelphia, where the great Declaration was made; And whereas, it is proposed at that time to gather up the industries of the States and to show their resources to a world assembled ; And "whereas, at this most proper time to bury the animosity of past years, and in brotherly kindness to commence the march of another century, North Carolina, present at the birth, ought not to be absent from the manhood festival of American freedom ; therefore, Be it resolved by the General Assembly of North Carolina, That our State ought to be represented in the Centennial Celebration, to be held at Philadelphia, in the persons of her sons and daughters, and in the exhibition of her resources, her products, and her manufac- tures. That we recommend to the people to fill up the North Carolina department in this great Exhibition with a bountiful supply of, and varied products, and go themselves to this peaceful reunion of a reconciled people, and assist in the opening of a new century of prosperity and peace. OHIO. Ohio. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR EDWARD F. NOYES. January 5, 1874. It having been decided to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of our National Independence by a grand exhibition of the industry and resources of the country, it is desirable that provision for this important event be made upon a scale commensurate with the dignity of the occasion. Foreign nations are already signifying their acceptance of the invitation of our Government, while exhibitors in this and other countries arc applying for necessary space. To make the Exhibition such a success as shall present our young Repub- lic to the Governments of the Old World in the most favorable light, such a display as shall attract the attention and command the admiration of the whole civilized world, a largo 1 92 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, amount of money will be required. In order to raise the necessary funds, and for other purposes, the Centennial Commission appeals to the patriotic impulses and generous spirit of all our people. Certainly no State in the Union has greater cause for gratitude and pride than Ohio, with her three million inhabitants and her abounding wealth. It is hoped the rich and the poor alike, each according to his means, will contribute something toward car- rying out the designs of the Commission. To facilitate this, Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director- General of the Centennial, a citizen of our own State, asks for the appointment of State Boards to co-operate with the National Board of Commissioners. I would, therefore, earnestly recommend that provision be made for appointment, by my successor, of such State Board, and that an appropriation of five thousand dollars be made to defray the expenses thereof, including the cost of travel, postage, clerk hire, etc. I am convinced this is the least sum which will answer the purpose. It is hoped Ohio will not be behind her sister States in the manifestation of her patriotism. ACT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Passed February 18, 1874. AN ACT to establish a State Board of Centennial Managers. Whereas, Congress did provide, by an Act entitled "An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and M,ine, in the City of Phila- delphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the appointment of Commissioners to promote and control the exhibition of the national resources and their development, and the nation's progress in arts which benefit mankind, and to suggest and direct appropriate cere- monies by which the people of the United States may commemorate that memorable and decisive event, the Declaration of American Independence by the Congress of the United Colonies, assembled in the City of Philadelphia, on the fourth day of July, Anno Domini seventeen hundred and seventy-six ; and Whereas, The United States Centennial Commissioners, organized under said Act, have recommended the immediate formation of State and Territorial representatives, to act with their Commissioner and Alternate as a State Board of Centennial Managers for each State and Territory, upon whom shall devolve the responsibility of organizing the State, and securing its thorough representation in the Exhibition, in accordance with the rules and regulations for exhibitors adopted by the said Commission ; therefore, SECTION I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio : That the Gov- ernor is hereby authorized and empowered to appoint five suitable persons, familiar with the resources, arts, products, and capabilities of the State, who, with the United States Cen- tennial Commissioner and Alternate of this State, shall constitute and be the State Board of Centennial Managers for the State of Ohio. SEC. 2. That upon said State Board of Centennial Managers so constituted shall devolve the responsibility of organizing the State, and of securing its thorough representation in the International Exhibition of 1876. It shall also have special charge of the interests of this State and the citizens thereof in matters relating to the Exhibition ; shall obtain and dis- seminate information through the State in regard to the Exhibition ; and generally to super- vise such other details relating to the representation of the industries and products of this State as may from time to time be delegated to it under the rules and regulations adopted by the United States Centennial Commission. SEC. 3. That said State Board of Centennial Managers shall, immediately after their appointment, organize, by electing from its own number a President, Secretary, and Treas- urer, whose term of office shall be one year, and until their successors shall be duly quali- APPENDIX D. I93 fied, and adopt such by-laws, rules, and regulations for its own government, and for the State action, government of its officers, as may be deemed expedient ; Provided, the same shall not be O 1 " - inconsistent with any laws of this State or the rules and regulations adopted, or which may hereafter be adopted, by the United States Centennial Commission ; Provided further, the said Centennial Managers shall receive no compensation for their personal or official services. SEC. 4. The said State Board of Centennial Managers shall make a report to each session of the Legislature of its operations, and such other matters in relation to the Exhi- bition as may be deemed of general interest ; and the sum of five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated for the expenses of said Board, to be paid on warrants drawn by the President of the Board, under resolution thereof, on the Treasurer, attested by him, and approved by the Governor ; and the State Treasurer is hereby directed to pay the same on said orders so drawn, attested, and approved, out of any money belonging to the general revenue fund not otherwise appropriated. And said Board shall make no expenditure and contract no obligation in excess of the amount herein appropriated. SEC. 5. This Agt shall take effect on its passage. GEO. L. CONVERSE, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ALPHONSO HART, President of the Senate. Passed February 18, 1874. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM ALLEN. December I, 1874. In pursuance of the Act of February 18, 1874, creating a State Board of Centennial Managers, five eminent citizens of Ohio were appointed to constitute the Commission. They have completed their organization and entered upon the discharge of the duties assigned to them. EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF OHIO. Passed March 30, 1875. AN ACT making Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 1875 and First Quarter of the Fiscal Year 1876. For Centennial Managers : To pay expenses of the Board of Centennial Managers, to be paid on warrants drawn by the President of the Board under resolution thereof on the Treasurer, attested by him, and approved by the Governor, and the Auditor of State is hereby directed to draw his warrant on the State Treasurer for the payment of the same on orders so drawn, attested and approved, seven thousand five hundred dollars ; and said Board shall make no expendi- ture and contract no obligation in excess of the amount appropriated for its use. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM ALLEN. January 3, 1876. We have now entered upon the Centennial year of our national existence. The efforts which have been made to insure a proper celebration of the important events at the city of the nation's birth have been crowned with great success. The principal nations of the world have signified their intention to participate, through their representatives at the national capital, and the President of the United States, in his recent message, has recom- mended to Congress that it more fully invest it with national significance. The different States of the Union are vying with each other in friendly and patriotic '3 194 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, rivalry in the effort to make a creditable exhibition of their growth and resources ; and Ohio, the third in population and wealth, and the equal of any in its natural resources, should not lack in appreciation of the interesting event, or lag in its efforts to make such an exhibition as will give it its proper place in the rank of States. Our efficient Board of State Centennial Managers have been laboring with great energy, and are cheered by the belief that their efforts have been successful in creating an interest which will insure such a representation as will be a matter of pride to every citizen of the State. I respectfully recommend that you grant them such reasonable aid as they may require, to complete their arrangements and secure the success of their labor. EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR RUTHER- FORD B. HAYES. January 10, 1876. Agreeing generally with the sentiments of Governor Allen's recent message, I desire especially to concur in what is said on the subject of the national Centennial celebration. No community in the world has been permitted by Providence to enjoy more largely the blessings conferred on mankind by the great event of 1776 than the people of Ohio. Ohio and her interests had no existence a hundred years ago. They are the growth of less than a century. The people naturally wish that their State, and her history and her advantages, should be widely known. No other such opportunity for their exhibition will probably occur for several generations. EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF OHIO. 1876. AN ACT making Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 1876, etc. For the State Board of Centennial Managers : To pay the expenses of the State Board of Centennial Managers, thirty-three thousand dollars (and said Board shall make no expenditure and contract no obligation in excess of the amount appropriated herein for its use), to be paid upon certificates drawn by the Presi- dent of the Board under resolution thereof upon the Treasurer of the Board, attested by the said Treasurer and approved by the Governor ; Provided, that there shall be expended from the above sum not exceeding eight thousand dollars under direction of said Board, for the preparation of a full exposition of the school system of Ohio, and a history of the benevolent, penal, and reformatory institutions of the State, as well as of similar institutions supported by counties or cities, and the State shall o\vn all books bound or published fiom the proceeds of this appropriation and the manuscripts thereof, and shall have the sole right to apply for and dispose of the copyrights of the same. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. January 2, 1877. The Board of Centennial Managers have completed the work intrusted to them, and it is a satisfaction to know that the part taken by the people of Ohio in the National Exhibi- tion at Philadelphia was highly creditable to the State. The appropriations made by the General Assembly have been carefully and economically expended, and when the affairs of the Board are closed up, a balance of several thousand dollars will be left unexpended. The entire number of Ohio exhibits was 1000, of which 250 received awards, a proportion larger than was obtained by any other State for the same class of articles. The jury on APPENDIX D. I95 collective State exhibits (individual exhibits not coming within the line of their duties) State action, recommended in their reports awards to Ohio as follows : Ohio. 1. For a State building on the Centennial grounds, of excellent design and workman- ship, constructed with materials exclusively from Ohio and by workmen from that State, and containing contributions of building-stone from nearly every quarry in the State, with glass made from Ohio sandstone. 2. For a large collection, by the State Archaeological Society, of mound-builders' re- mains and other antiquities relating to prehistoric man. 3. For a large collection of the vast mineral resources of the State, with their primary derivations, and especially from the Hanging Rock iron region, the Tuscarawas, Mahoning, Hocking Valley, and Perry County coal and iron regions, also including excellent specimens of salt and bromine. 4. For a complete exhibition of the woods of the State. 5. For an extensive exhibition of the cereals of the State. 6. For a complete display of many varieties of fruits from 24 different counties. 7. For an exceedingly interesting exhibition of the educational system of the State, embracing, all departments of education. 8. For a large, elaborate, and exceedingly valuable geological map of Ohio, with many excellent features deserving special commendation. OREGON. Oregon. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF OREGON. Approved October 24, 1872. AN ACT to provide for paying the expenses of the Commissioner and Commissioner Substi- tute for the State of Oregon in attending the sittings of the United States Centennial Commission. Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon, as follows : SECTION I. There shall be, and is hereby, set apart from any money in the Sttite treasury, not otherwise appropriated, the sum of four thousand ($4000) dollars, to be used in defraying the expenses of the Commissioner and Commissioner Substitute for Oregon, in attending the sessions of the United States Centennial Commission during the years 1872 and 1876 inclusive. SEC. 2. When the audited bills of the said Commissioners are presented, the Secretary of State shall draw warrants for the respective amounts in favor of said Commissioners. Such warrants shall be paid by the State Treasurer from the fund provided for in this Act ; Provided, that the aggregate amount paid in any one year shall not exceed one thousand ($1000) dollars. SEC. 3. Whereas the Commissioner Substitute for Oregon has already attended one meeting of the United States Commission, at his own private expense, the Secretary of State is authorized to draw a warrant on the fund provided in this Act in favor of said Commis- sioner Substitute, when said Commissioner Substitute shall present his bill of expenses duly audited. SEC. 4. The Governor, Secretary of State, and Treasurer shall audit all claims on this fund by the Commissioner and Commissioner Substitute. SEC. 5. As there has been some expense incurred by the Commissioner, and a meeting of the Commission is shortly to take place, this Act shall take effect from and after its passage and approval by the Governor. 196 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR L. F. GROVER. Oregon. September, 1876. The grand Exhibition at Philadelphia, in commemoration of the one hundredth anni- versary of our national existence, to which the nations of the world have accepted an invitation to be present, has not been without significance to Oregon, nor without distinc- tion to her peerless products. Under the Act of Congress authorizing the President of the United States, on the nomi- nation of the Governors of the several States, to appoint, for each, a Commissioner and a Commissioner Alternate, to assume the general management of the Exhibition, I had the honor to nominate for Oregon James W. Virtue, of Baker County, as Commissioner, and Andrew J. Dufur, of Multnomah County, as Commissioner Alternate, who were duly appointed. The former having been so much engaged in private business as not to be able to attend the Exhibition, the duties of Commissioner have been devolved on the latter. And I take special pleasure in thus publicly commending the devoted manner and distinguished success with which these duties have been performed. No test of superiority in products can possibly be more satisfactory than an immediate comparison of such products in a general exhibition where the best of all countries are collected together. This opportunity for Oregon has occurred at Philadelphia, and, unless universal report is much mistaken, our Commissioner will leave the Exhibition with honors and premiums for several of the leading products of our generous soil. The occasion has added character to the State, and will greatly assist in adding population. The appropri- ation of $4000, made four years ago, to defray the expenses of the Commissioner in attend- ing the meetings of the General Board at Philadelphia, has now been exhausted. The articles placed on exhibition have been collected by the personal exertions of the Commis- sioner, aided by several other patriotic citizens, in a voluntary way, and limited sums of money have been subscribed by the citizens of Portland and other localities, in aid of the enterprise. But there exists a considerable margin of necessary expenses connected with the Exhi- bition, which have been assumed and paid by individuals, and by the Commissioner, which should be assumed and paid by the State. In addition to this, so honorable, useful, and successful services as have been rendered by the Commissioner at Philadelphia should not remain unremunerated. The assumption of these expenses by the State, and an allowance of a reasonable per diem compensation to the Commissioner, is especially recommended. Specific accounts in the premises will be laid before your honorable body. On the request of the Board of General Management, that the Governor of each State appoint one of its citizens to deliver, during the Exhibition at Philadelphia, an address, em- bodying the outlines of State history and an account of its geography, soil, climate, and re- sources, as a distinctive feature of the occasion, I appointed Hon. Henry H. Gilfry to speak on behalf of Oregon. The duty was performed with honor to the State and credit to him- self. This address will be published among the permanent transactions of the Exhibition. PC,, sylvan. PENNSYLVANIA. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF REQUEST TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES. The following concurrent resolution was offered in the House of Representatives Feb-. ruary 2, 1870, considered and agreed to, and it was ordered that the Clerk present the .same to the Senate for concurrence : APPENDIX D. 197 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, February 2, 1870. Pcnnsylvam Whereas, The Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania has memorialized the Councils of the City of Philadelphia as follows: To THE SELECT AND COMMON COUNCILS OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA : The Franklin Institute, of the State of Pennsylvania (the first founded of institutions of its kind in this country), being mindful of what may conduce to the credit and pros- perity of the city of its location, has resolved, throu jh its Board of Managers, that it will be expedient to celebrate the Centennial Anniversary of our national existence by an Inter- national Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to be held upon the grounds which it is hoped may be obtained within Fairmount Park for this purpose. It would seem eminently proper that such an Exhibition should be the form of celebra- tion selected, and that this city should be the spot chosen by the nation for a national celebration at that time. Here was written and given to the world that Declaration which called our nation into existence ; here the laws which guided its infancy first took shape ; here it began its march to benefit the human race. Under the same laws then established, and in the nation then created, all arts and sciences have progressed in an unparalleled degree, and it is believed that the form of celebration indicated would be emblematic of their progress. The historical relations alone of our city should entitle it to selection for such a cele- bration ; but apart from the claim as the birthplace of our Government, its geographical position, its railroad and navigation facilities, and its abundant means of accommodation for large numbers of strangers, all add to its claim and fitness to be selected for such a purpose. In consecmence of these considerations, the subscribers have been appointed a committee to bring the subject to your notice, and to request that your honorable bodies will memorial- ize Congress upon the subject, for the purpose of obtaining that aid which will make such an Exhibition truly international in its character. WM. SELLERS, F. FRALEY, COLEMAN SELLERS, ENOCH LEWIS, B. H. MOORE, Committee. And whereas, The said Councils have passed the following resolution : RESOLUTION TO PROVIDE FOR THE APPROPRIATE CELEBRATION OF THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. Resolved by the Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia, That an Inter- national Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine would be an appropriate mode of celebration for the Centennial anniversary of our national existence. Resolved, That Philadelphia, from its accessibility, both domestic and foreign, from its ability to accommodate a large transient population, as well as provide ample ground con- venient of access, and from having been the original seat of the National Government, would be the most appropriate place for such an Exhibition. Resolved, That a joint special committee of nine from each chamber be appointed to present these resolutions to Congress, and to solicit legislation to further the object in view. And whereas, It would seem eminently proper that the State of Pennsylvania should use every effort to assist in obtaining from Congress the necessary action to insure said celebration being truly international, and held at our great metropolis, as above recited and contemplated ; therefore, Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania in General Assembly met, That they hereby most heartily approve of and indorse j^S INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, the above-recited communication from the Franklin Institute and resolutions of the Councils Pennsylvania. of the City of Philadelphia; and in furtherance thereof, Resolved, That the Congress of the United States is hereby most respectfully requested and solicited to take such appropriate action as will carry into effect the " Celebration of the Centennial anniversary of American Independence," at the City of Philadelphia, in a great and truly international character, by an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Pro- ducts of the Soil and Mine as will fully demonstrate the rapid march of improvement. Resolved, That a joint committee of six be appointed to tender their official co-opera- tion with the committee appointed by the Councils of the City of Philadelphia in carrying out the purposes of said resolution. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions and preamble be forwarded to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, and also to the Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia. [The above resolution was read in the Senate, referred to the Committee on Federal Relations, and having been considered and concurred in, was returned to the House of Representatives with amendments. The House of Representatives duly concurred with the Senate in its amendments, and Messrs. Johnston (Philadelphia), Adaire, and Schnat- terley were appointed as the committee aforesaid on the part of the House, whereupon Messrs. Henszey, Olmsted, and Buckalew were appointed on the part of the Senate.] SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN W. GEARY. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, HARRISBURG, March 3, 1871. To THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : GENTLEMEN, During the last session of the Legislature of this Commonwealth, a joint Committee visited Washington City to urge upon Congress the propriety of holding a National Industrial Exhibition at the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876, in honor of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence. In response to these solicitations, and like efforts by the city authorities of Philadelphia and the active co-operation of our Representatives in Congress, an Act has been passed by Congress giving to the proposed celebration the sanction and encouragement of the National Government, and a copy of that Act is herewith inclosed for information. The whole State of Pennsylvania will be honored and benefited by the holding of the Celebration and Exhibition within its borders. The great material wealth and industrial interests of every section of the Commonwealth will be brought prominently to the attention of the civilized world, and our farmers, mechanics, and artisans will be enabled to learn much from the opportunities thus afforded ; and our State will be specially honored in having public attention again directed to the conspicuous part she acted in the Revolutionary struggle for National Independence. Pennsylvanians who have labored to secure this favorable action of Congress, and Representatives in Congress from other States who generously conceded to this State and to Philadelphia this proud distinction, look to the Legislature now in session for such indorsement and pecuniary aid as the interest and character of the occasion demands. Public-spirited and patriotic men who will act as Commissioners are willing to give their time, labors, and influence to make the grand Exhibition a success, but they have a right to look to the State for such encouragement and appropriations as will defray the expenses necessarily incident to a proper and efficient discharge of the important duties devolving upon them. Gratified at what has been already done, impressed with the great importance of the movement, and desirous that the occasion shall be made one ever memorable in the APPENDIX D. 199 history of the State and nation, I earnestly invoke the liberal and hearty co-operation of State action, the Legislature. Pennsylvania. JOHN W. GEARY. [The foregoing message was transmitted to the Legislature on the 3d day of March, A.D. 1871, and, with the accompanying copy of Act of Congress,* was read and referred to the Committees on Federal Relations.] JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved March 8, 1871. JOINT RESOLUTION relative to a Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia. Be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met y That the Governor and three persons to be ap- pointed by him, William A. Wallace and James H. Webb, Speakers of the Senate and House, with three members of each branch of the Legislature to be appointed by the Speakers of the Senate and House, respectively, shall be a Committee of the State of Pennsylvania to co-operate with Committees from other States and local Committees upon the subject of the Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia in one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six ; said Committee to stand until that time, and to report to each intervening Legislature, and make such suggestions and recommendations from time to time to the Legislature as they may think proper and expedient in reference to said Centennial Celebration. JAMES H. WEBB, Speaker of the House of Representatives. WILLIAM A. WALLACE, Speaker of the Senate. Approved the eighth of March, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy- one. JNO. W. GEARY. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN W. GEARY. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, HARRISBURG, March 20, 1871. To THE HONORABLE THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE COM- MONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA: GENTLEMEN, I have the honor to inform you that in compliance with the Joint Reso- lution, approved March 8, 1871, providing for the organization of " a committee of the State of Pennsylvania to co-operate with other State and local committees upon the subject of the Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia," in the year 1876, 1 have appointed Colonel William Phillips, of Pittsburg, William T. Horstman, Esq., and Colonel William McMichael, of Philadelphia, as members of the Committee, in addition to those named in the Resolution. The Committee thus constructed has held preliminary meetings and made preparations to push forward vigorously the objects contemplated by the Legislature in their appointment. In order that they may have at command the necessary facilities for accomplishing the im- portant duties assigned them, I most respectfully suggest that a liberal appropriation be made to meet all requisite and indispensable expenses. JOHN W. GEARY. [The foregoing message was transmitted to the Legislature on the 2ist day of March, A.D. 1871, and read and referred to the Committee on Finance in the Senate, and laid on the table in the House of Representatives.] * For text of Act of Congress, see Appendix C, page 101. 200 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Pennsylvania. April 6, 1871. Whereas, The Select Joint Committee of the Virginia Legislature, appointed to confer with the authorities of Pennsylvania and of the City of Philadelphia relative to the Cen- tennial Celebration, will visit the Capitol after the adjournment of the Legislature to-day ; therefore, Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives, That the Joint Committee of the Legislature on the Centennial Celebration be instructed to receive the Committee of the Virginia Legislature, and express to them, on behalf of the General Assembly of Penn- sylvania, its appreciation of the prompt and patriotic action of Virginia in joining in the commemoration of the anniversary of American Independence. [The foregoing Concurrent Resolution, originating in the Senate April 6, 1871, was read, considered, and concurred in by the House of Representatives on the same day.] RESOLUTION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF PENNSYL- VANIA. April 6, 1871. Whereas, The Select Joint Committee of the Virginia Legislature, appointed to confer with the authorities of Pennsylvania and of the City of Philadelphia relative to the Cen- tennial Celebration, has visited the capital of the State ; therefore, be it Resolved, That the courtesies of this House are hereby extended to said Joint Com- mittee, and a committee of two be appointed by the Chair to wait upon the members of said Committee, and invite them to the privileges of the floor. [ Ordered, That Messrs. Reinochl and Boileau be the said Committee.] CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. May 3, 1871. Resolved (if the Senate concur), That there be three additional members of each House added to the Centenary Commission, appointed by the Speaker, to confer with other States on the subject of the Centenary anniversary to be holden in Philadelphia. [The foregoing concurrent resolution, having originated in and passed the House of Representatives May 3, 1871, was read, considered, and concurred in by the Senate on the same day.] EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved May 27, 1871. AN ACT to provide for the ordinary expenses of the Government and other general and specific appropriations for the year Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy- one. # * -fr******** SECTION 662. * * * For the expenses of the Committee created under the Joint Resolution, approved March the eighth, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in relation to the Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to be paid on APPENDIX D. 201 warrants drawn by the Governor and attested by the Speakers of the Senate and House of State action. Representatives ; and the State Treasurer is hereby authorized and directed to pay the same Pennsylvania, on said orders. * ********* * JAMES H.WEBB, Speaker of the House of Representatives. WILLIAM A. WALLACE, Speaker of the Senate. Approved the 2;th day of May, A.D. 1871. JNO. W. GEARY. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Resolved (if the House of Representatives concur), That there be three additional mem- bers of each House added to the Centenary Commission, appointed to confer with other States on the subject of the Centenary anniversary, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, two members of each House to be appointed by the Speakers, and they, with the Speakers of the Senate and House of Representatives, shall constitute said additional members. [The foregoing resolution was agreed to in the Senate on March 8, 1872, and was read, considered, and concurred in by the House of Representatives, March 29, 1872.] JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved April 3, 1872. JOINT RESOLUTION ratifying the appointment of additional members of the Senate and House of Representatives upon the Centenary Commission. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- vania in General Assembly met t That the appointment of the Senators and members of the House of Representatives appointed under resolution of the House of May third, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, and of the Senate of May third, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, authorizing the appointment of additional members of the Centenary Commission, be and the same is hereby ratified and confirmed. WILLIAM ELLIOTT, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JAMES S. RUTAN, Speaker of the Senate. Approved the third day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two. JNO. W. GEARY. EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved April 3, 1872. AN ACT to provide for the ordinary expenses of the Government and other general and specific appropriations for the year Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two. ********** * SECTION 59. * * * For the expenses and contingencies of the Committee on the Centennial Celebration, ten thousand dollars, to be paid on the certificate of the Governor of the Commonwealth. ********** * WILLIAM ELLIOTT, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JAMES S. RUTAN, Speaker of the Senate. Approved the third day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy- two. JOHN W. GEARY. 202 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN W. GEARY. Pennsylvania. January, 1873. On the fourth of July, 1876, the nation will have completed the first century of its existence. The design to celebrate that great event in a becoming manner doubtless com- mends itself alike to your intelligent appreciation of the blessings of liberty and independ- ence, and your highest sentiments of patriotic pride and gratitude. Already the preliminary teps of the design have been taken, and toward its happy realization the people of the entire country are looking with profound interest and pleasure. By a combination of circumstances, well known in history, in the metropolis of our State the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed, and the Constitution subsequently adopted. That city has, therefore, very naturally been selected as the scene of the proposed Centen- nial Celebration and International Exhibition. A popular manifestation of this kind should correspond to the character of the event to be celebrated. It will be the first Centennial celebration of our national existence, the greatest event that can possibly occur in the lifetime of any living American ; it will be the first International Exhibition ever given in honor of republican government, and will exhibit the effect of our institutions in promoting wealth, intelligence, and happiness. The cere- monies of this unprecedented occasion should be noted for spontaneous enthusiasm, universal enlistment of popular sentiment, and a more impressive grandeur than has ever heretofore been witnessed. The enterprise which cannot fail to interest the whole country must prove unusually attractive to Philadelphians, and scarcely less so to the whole people of the Commonwealth ; and it is certainly to be expected that they will be peculiarly distinguished for earnestness and zeal in its support. The city having thus far borne all the expenses attending the organization and meetings of the United States Commissioners, and having extended to them graceful courtesies and liberal hospitality, it may be well now to consider what the State may do to advance the cause, and what further action or aid in the premises may be expected from the General Government. Naturally desiring to have no financial trusts in this connection, and feeling the need of an executive arm capable of performing the many business functions essential to the success of the undertaking, the National Commissioners asked Congress to authorize the organization of a corporation under the title of the " Centennial Board of Finance," with a capital stock amounting to ten million dollars, divided into shares of ten dollars each, with the power of acquiring and holding such real and personal estate as may be needed in carrying into effect the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871. An Act embodying these privileges was promptly passed by Congress, June I, 1871, and under it books for the subscription of the stock have been opened in each State and Ter- ritory, and the organization of the Board of Finance will probably be completed before the adjournment of the Legislature. The quota of stock allotted to Pennsylvania will be promptly taken, and more than this its people cannot do until the hundred days prior to the organization of the Board of Finance, in which the subscription books are required to be kept open in each State and Territory, shall have elapsed ; after which time any stock not taken should, if not called for by others, be promptly subscribed by our citizens. Under the eleventh article of the Constitution, the State is prohibited from subscribing for stocks or lending its credit for any other object than the payment of its own debt, or for the pur- pose of military defense. But it can and should make such a special donation as would inspire popular confidence, excite the emulation of other States, and insure the prompt commencement of the work upon a scale commensurate with its importance. The eighth section of the original Act of Congress authorizing the Exhibition provides " that whenever the President shall be informed by the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings for the purpose, and for the exclusive control of the Commission herein provided for, of the proposed Exhibition, the President shall, through the Department of State, make proclamation of the same, setting forth the APPENDIX D. 203 time at which the Exhibition will open, and the place at which it shall be held; and he State action, shall communicate to the diplomatic representatives of all nations copies of the same, p ' together with such regulations as may be adopted by the Commissioners, for publication in their respective countries." The provisions authorizing the organization of the Board of Finance, and the formal proclamation of the national and international character of the Exhibition, is deferred until the Governor of this Commonwealth can make the required report to the President of the United States. I would, therefore, recommend to your honorable bodies to make a suffi- cient appropriation for the purpose of securing the erection of suitable buildings for hold- ing the Exhibition, to be under the control of the National Commission in accordance with the Act of Congress. I would further recommend that your "Committee on Federal Relations" consider the propriety of asking Congress to make an appropriation for such necessary expenses of the National Commissioners as will enable them to work with efficiency. The members are national officers charged with a trust of great responsibility, and engaged in an enterprise in which the reputation of the country is directly involved. Our Government, which ex- pended a large sum of money in promoting the Paris Exhibition, certainly will not treat the agents to whom it has committed the task of preparing a memorial of its birth upon its own soil, in the form of an International Exhibition of the Arts of Modern Civilization, with such parsimony as would deprive them of their proper influence, dignity, and inde- pendence. The State Commissioners heretofore appointed under the Acts of the Legislature have made no report of their transactions, and may not have yet found their sphere of useful- ness. They can render much service to the United States Commissioners and to the Board of Finance by obtaining subscriptions of stock, and promoting such organization of the in- dustries of the State as would contribute to the success of the Exhibition, and present an appropriate display of the wealth and resources of the Commonwealth. This great na- tional enterprise appeals as well to local pride as to common patriotism ; it must be suc- cessful, the nation has decreed it ; and since to Pennsylvania has been assigned the honor of having the Celebration take place on her soil, she must and will see to it that it shall not fail. I, therefore, earnestly solicit for it not only your aid but also the thoughtful and zeal- ous support of all social, industrial, scientific, educational, and religious associations, and that of all good citizens who have at heart the honor, perpetuity, and happiness of our common country. EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. January 21, 1873. The necessity for immediate action on the part of our people to insure the success of the Centennial Exhibition must be realized by every thinking man. Its failure will be to our lasting shame ; its success must redound to the honor and permanent benefit of the Com- monwealth. Located in our metropolis, which is fast moving to the front of the manufac- turing cities of the world, affording an opportunity to display the products and resources of our State, and opening to foreigners new channels of information as to our character and enterprises, it certainly is the imperative duty of every citizen who loves his State to lend his countenance and support to this great Exhibition. The dignity and good name of the Commonwealth are at stake. Let us not forfeit these by a lack of public spirit or by mistaken economy. Any proper plan the Legislature may see fit to adopt to aid this national undertaking shall receive the hearty concurrence of the Executive. 204 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Resolved (if the House of Representatives concur), That both branches of the Legisla- ture shall meet informally in the hall of the House of Representatives at seven and a half o'clock this evening, to hear the Committee from the National Centennial Commission. [The foregoing resolution, originating in and passing the Senate, was concurred in by the House of Representatives, and adopted January 28, 1873.] ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved March 27, 1873. AN ACT to provide for a permanent Centennial Exhibition building for the people of the. Commonwealth in the City of Philadelphia. SECTION I. Be it enacted, etc., That the sum of one million dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated for the erection of a permanent Centennial Exhibition building for the people of this Commonwealth and for the use of the Centennial Anniversary of American Independence, under the direction of the United States Centennial Board of Finance, in- corporated by Act of Congress, to be paid, however, only as hereinafter provided. No larger sum than shall be received into the State Treasury on account of the Centennial Anniversary fund hereinafter provided for shall be paid by the State Treasurer on account of the permanent Centennial Exhibition building, during the present year, and not exceeding three hundred thousand dollars shall be paid of the amount hereby appropriated during the year Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, and not more than three hundred thousand dollars during the year Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy- five, and the residue of one million dollars shall be paid on or before the fourth day of July, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six ; Provided, that the moneys herein appropriated are in no event to be drawn from or out of the revenue of the Common- wealth which, under the Constitution and Laws of the State, are set apart for payment of the State debt; and if from any cause the revenue especially provided as a Centennial Anniversary fund by the fifth section of this Act shall be insufficient to provide the whole moneys appropriated, no more money than the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars shall be paid from the State treasury to the purposes aforesaid. SEC. 2. Before any part of the money hereby appropriated shall be paid, satisfactory- evidence shall be furnished to the State Centennial Supervisors hereinafter named that at least one million dollars of bona fide responsible private subscriptions shall have been made within the City of Philadelphia to the capital stock of the said United States Centennial Board of Finance, which shall be officially certified to the Governor by the said Super- visors, and a sum not less than five hundred thousand dollars shall have been appropriated by the municipal authorities of the City of Philadelphia to be applied -to the erection of the permanent Centennial Exhibition building hereinafter provided for, and a contract shall have been executed by the said Centennial Board of Finance ; and the Centennial Board of Finance incorporated by Act of Congress, with the State Centennial Supervisors herein- after named, the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, and the representatives of the City of Philadelphia, as the authorities of said city shall appoint for the purpose, stipulating that a permanent fire-proof building shall be erected in Fairmount Park as part of the Centen- nial Exhibition buildings, to cost not less than one million five hundred thousand dollars, which building shall remain in Faimount Park perpetually as the property of the people of this Commonwealth for the preservation and exhibition of national and State relics and works of art, industry, mechanism, and products of the soil, mines, et cetera, of this State, and that it shall be kept open perpetually after the year Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six for the improvement and the enjoyment of the people of APPENDIX D. 205 this Commonwealth, under such regulations as the Fairmount Park Commissioners and the State action. State Centennial Supervisors and the proper representatives of the City of Philadelphia Penns y lv ni! shall from time to time prescribe; but such regulations shall at all times afford equal facilities and privileges to all the people of this Commonwealth without regard to locality, condition, or race, which contract shall be approved by the Governor of the State before it shall be deemed valid. After the Centennial Anniversary Exhibition shall have closed, the said Park Commissioners and State Supervisors and the proper representatives of the City of Philadelphia may admit into said building the works of art, products of industry, et cetera, from any other State or Government under such regulations as may be deemed just and proper; but there shall be no discrimination between the several States of this Union nor between the Governments of the world. SEC. 3. Alexander Henry, J. Gillingham Fell, and John O. James, of the City of Phila- delphia, William M. Lyon and John II. Shoenberger, of the County of Allegheny, George R. Messersmith, of Franklin County, William Bigler, of the County of Clearfield, Ario Pardee, Sr., of the County of Luzerne, and John H. Ewing, of the County of Washington, be, and they are hereby, appointed State Centennial Supervisors, who shall, in addition to the powers and duties hereinbefore prescribed, formally approve the design, plans, and specifications for said permanent Centennial Exhibition building, and report the same, with their approval, to the Governor ; and they shall formally approve any contract or contracts for the erection of said building, and for materials for the same, and also report such con- tract or contracts, with their approval, to the Governor; and no part of the money hereby appropriated shall be paid until such design, plans, specifications, and contract or contracts shall have been officially approved by said Supervisors, and so certified to and approved by the Governor. When said Supervisors shall certify to the Governor that the labor done and materials furnished for said building amount to the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, the Governor shall draw his warrant on the State Treasurer in favor of the Treas- urer of the Centennial Board of Finance for fifty thousand dollars, and thereafter whenever the said Supervisors shall certify to the Governor that the additional work done and ma- terials furnished amount to the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, and that the money previously paid has been fully and properly applied, he shall draw his warrant in like manner for fifty thousand dollars, if so much shall remain unpaid, in accordance with the stipulation for the annual payments contained in the first section of this Act; and when said Supervisors shall certify that said Centennial Exhibition building is complete, that the full sum of one million five hundred thousand dollars has been expended on the same, and that the previous payments have been fully and properly applied, the residue of one million dollars shall be paid as hereinbefore directed, but no larger amount shall be paid during any one year than is provided in the first section of this Act. SEC. 4. Said Board of State Centennial Supervisors shall elect one of their number as President, and shall appoint a Secretary, who shall keep a record of the proceedings of the Board, and file a complete duplicate of the same with the Governor at the close of each year; any vacancy occurring in the Board shall be filled by the said Board, but no person shall be chosen to fill any such vacancy without receiving five votes ; and any of said Super- visors may be removed at any time by the Governor on address of a majority of both branches of the Legislature. Said Board shall not exercise any authority or control over the Cen- tennial Exhibition building during the Centennial Anniversary Exhibition, but said perma- nent building shall, during such Exhibition, be under the same control and direction of the United States Centennial Commission as the other buildings erected by said Centennial Board of Finance. SEC. 5. That in order to provide revenue to enable the State to meet the appropriation hereinbefore made, on or before the first day of July, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, all street passenger railway companies now incorporated in the City of Philadelphia shall make return to the State Treasurer, under oath of the proper officers, stating the gross receipts of each of said companies from the passage of this Act 206 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. until said return is made, and like quarterly returns shall be made by said companies Pennsylvania, thereafter until the first day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven inclusive ; and with each report there shall be paid by said street passenger railway companies to the State Treasurer three per centum of such gross receipts, which revenue shall be placed by the State Treasurer to the credit of the Centennial Anniversary fund; and all moneys paid by said State Treasurer, on account of the appropriations here- inbefore made, shall be paid out of said Centennial Anniversary fund until the same is exhausted, and the residue, if any, required to be paid during any one year, shall be paid out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated. On the first day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, the tax upon the gross re- ceipts of said railroad companies shall cease and determine. Any of said street passenger railway companies which shall, within thirty days after the passage of this Act, file with the State Treasurer an official acceptance of its provisions, shall thereupon, each and every of them, be released from any penalty or penalties to which they, or any of them, might be liable under any proceeding in law or equity for any violation of the provisions of their charters respectively prior to the passage of this Act ; and the faith of the State is hereby pledged to such accepting companies that the legal rate of fares said companies are now authorized to collect shall not be reduced by legislative enactment before the first day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven. Any street passenger railway companies incorporated after the passage of this Act shall also report their gross receipts and pay the tax on the same from and after they commence to carry passengers, as hereinbefore provided. W. ELLIOTT, Speaker of the House of Representatives. * GEO. H. ANDERSON, Speaker of the Senate. Approved the twenty-seventh day of March, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three. JOHN F. HARTRANFT. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. January, 1874. The progress of the work of preparation for the Centennial is realizing fully the expec- tations of our people. The distinguished gentlemen charged with the details of this vast undertaking are striving zealously, with great intelligence and industry, to perfect all the arrangements in a manner commensurate with the important and conspicuous position our Republic occupies among the nations of the earth. A becoming regard for the dignity and honor of the country, we can hope, will now induce the General Government and all the States to extend to the Commission such material aid as will secure this enterprise from every possibility of failure. The City of Philadelphia, whose generosity in different ways in behalf of the Centennial has elicited commendation from all quarters, ceded to the Com- mission an eligible site in the midst of her beautiful park, whereon the proposed buildings for the Exhibition, the plans for which have been adopted, are to be erected. This site was formally transferred and dedicated to its special uses on the 4th of July last, in the presence of a large concourse of citizens. Upon that occasion proclamation of the Presi- dent was made, wherein the Celebration and Exhibition were commended to the people of the United States, and a cordial invitation given to all nations who may be pleased to take part therein. With this act the project became a national one, and co-operation was invited and ex- pected from the whole nation ; and it is a pleasure to observe that the different States and Territories are earnestly moving with a view to such contributions as will place the Cele- bration not only upon a sound financial basis, but make it a successful exhibition of their various resources and industries. To stamp the Centennial, however, with the character of a national enterprise, it must receive assistance direct and substantial from the National APPENDIX D. 207 Government. Congress must set the seal of its approbation upon the work of the Com- State action, mission, and manifest not only an interest in this great undertaking, but a determination Pnylvanim. that in its proportions and grandeur the American Exhibition shall eclipse all those which have preceded it in Europe, as the development of our resources, the expansion of our grand railway system, and the diversified employment of the arts and sciences in all the avenues of our industry surpass those of the Old World. Pennsylvania must not neglect this opportunity for the display of her rich, varied, and inexhaustible products, nor relax her efforts to rescue the Exhibition from every mischance to which indifference or distrust may expose it. It is true her contributions have been large, but she must not forget that the nation has signally honored her people by designating her metropolis as the place for the proposed Celebration, and she must show by renewed exer- tions that she appreciates the distinction. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, HARRISBURG, January 15, 1874. To THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENN- SYLVANIA : GENTLEMEN, My views upon the important subject of the accompanying communica- tion have been fully expressed in my annual message to your honorable bodies at the opening of the present -session. I desire, however, to call your attention to the urgent necessity of prompt action on the part of the Legislature to secure the objects named in this communication, so that the great work of preparing for the Centennial may proceed without delay, and the proper buildings be erected and made ready for the reception of the arts, products, and manufactures of the world in 1876. J. F. HARTRANFT. [The communication referred to in the foregoing message is as fellows :] ROOMS OF STATE CENTENNIAL SUPERVISORS, 904 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. January 10, 1874. To HIS EXCELLENCY JOHN F. HARTRANFT, Governor of Pennsylvania : SIR, The Board of Slate Centennial Supervisors brought into existence by an Act of the Legislature, entitled " An Act to provide for a permanent Centennial Exhibition build- ing for the people of the Commonwealth," bearing date March 27, 1873, and embracing the names of Alexander Henry, J. Gillingham Fell, John O. James, John H. Shoenberger, William M. Lyon, John H. Ewing, G. H. Messersmith, Ario Pardee, and William Bigler, do hereby, in accordance with the aforesaid law, respectfully submit the following report, to wit : It may not be improper to remark, in the first place, that the purpose of the law establishing the Board of Supervisors was to secure the erection of a building at Fairmount Park for the use of the United States Centennial Commission during the Celebration and Exhibition in 1876, which should be permanent, and should at the close of the Exhibition remain the property of the State and the City of Philadelphia, and whilst it should stand through coming generations in memory of the Declaration of American Independence, it should be used as a State and national, and even international museum, in which should be displayed the arts, manufactures, and products of this and other civilized nations. Over the erection and management of this building the Board of Supervisors are to have such part and care as is provided for in the law hereinbefore mentioned. This Board was organized on the 8th of May last by the selection of William Bigler as President, and William Duane as Secretary, and at the same time Alexander Henry, J. Gillingham Fell, John H. Shoenberger, John H. Ewing, and William Bigler were constituted an Executive Committee. 208 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. Among the duties that first claimed the attention of the Board was, that of approving Pennsylvania. a Design and plans and specifications for the permanent Exhibition building. The perform- ance of this duty was seriously delayed, for the reason that no one of the designs brought out under the competitive system adopted by the United States Centennial Commission was satisfactory to this Board or to the Commission itself. That presented by Messrs. Collins &. Autenreith was in some particulars acceptable as to style, but the size was inadmissible, and the estimated cost was seriously in advance of the sum appropriated by the State, and City of Philadelphia, for the erection of the building. After proper deliberation by the United States Commission and this Board, it was decided to employ Messrs. Collins & Autenreith, under the direction of A. T. Goshorn, of the Commission, and Mr. Henry and Mr. Bigler, of the Board of Supervisors, to produce a modification of their original design. This resulted in the production of a design highly satisfactory, and which was approved by the United States Centennial Commission on the i8th of December, and referred to the Board of State Supervisors, which, on the 9th instant, expressed its views thereon by the adoption of the following resolution, to wit: " Rtsolved, That the modified design, plans, and specifications for a permanent Centen- nial Exhibition building, as prepared by Messrs. Collins & Autenreith, architects, and as presented to this Board on the igth ult., by A. T. Goshorn, Director-General, accompanied with the recommendation of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission, modified still further by certain suggestions of the architects as to the material to be used, be, and the same are hereby, accepted and approved as the designs, plans, and specifications for a permanent Centennial Exhibition building, provided for by an Act of the Legislature of the State, dated March 27, 1873, the means for the erection of which are to be furnished by the State of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia. And this Board, not doubting that the $1,500,000 heretofore appropriated by the State and the City of Philadelphia for the erection of said building will be furnished as needed and called for during the years 1874, 1875, and 1876, do further earnestly recommend that the United States Centennial Commission and the Board of Finance proceed to contract for the erec- tion of said building at the earliest date practicable." It is also proper to inform you that the contract defining the uses and purposes of the permanent Centennial Exhibition building, and fixing the conditions on which it may be erected in Fair-mount Park, as required by the fourth section of the Act creating this Board, is in process of execution, and will be presented for your approval within a brief period. There is now nothing in the way of the commencement of the erection of the perma- nent Centennial building and the prosecution of the work thereon to a prompt completion except the complications which have arisen about the sources of revenue, set apart to meet part of the appropriation made by the State. In advising the United States Centennial Board of Finance to proceed with the work without delay, we have, as you will perceive, assumed that this difficulty will be so adjusted as to furnish the Finance Board with the whole amount of a million of dollars, as needed at different dates during the years 1874, 1875, ancl l8 76- Nothing short of this will insure success. The City of Philadelphia has set apart five hundred thousand dollars for this work, which, together with the million of dollars appro- priated by the Act of March 27, 1873, will make one million and a half, being the lowest cost which the law permits. We hope you will not account it out of place, if a number of your fellow-citizens engaged in this work as a labor of love, that they express to you the earnest solicitude they feel on the subject. There is still time enough, and only enough, remaining to have the Memorial Building ready for the uses of the National Celebration and Exhibition. But there is no longer room for delay. All obstacles in the way of a prompt execution of contracts for the erection of the buildings should be removed without hesitation. Admonished by what occurred at London, Paris, and Vienna, we are profoundly impressed with the im- portance of nmple time for the erection of the building, and feel it a duty to make every APPENDIX D. 209 reasonable effort to begin the work so promptly as to insure its completion in time for the State action. Exhibition. Pennsylvania. And in this connection it may not be improper to remark that the design for the Main Exhibition building, definitely agreed upon some weeks since by the United States Commis- sion, is, in our opinion, one of peculiar merit. It is purely original, and quite dissimilar to the style heretofore used in Europe. The building will manifestly be susceptible of a high degree of utilization for exhibition purposes, and, what is also of great importance, it will be moderate in cost, and can be rapidly erected. In view of the prominent part our State is to have in all this, we earnestly invoke your effective aid in securing, with as little delay as may be, the legislation necessary to make the State's part of the Centennial work a marked triumph. In your message you very properly suggest that Pennsylvania will be greatly honored in having the celebration of the first Centennial Anniversary of Independence within her limits, and that is true ; and she should thereby be inspired to the greater effort in the work, not only because of the honor done her by the Congress of the United States, but because of the greater damage that will come to her reputation should she fail of success. We can readily see why some might object to the expenditure of a large sum of money for a temporary celebration and exhibition. But the Memorial Hall is to be a permanent and sightly structure, and whilst answering the purposes of the United States Centennial Commission for the Celebration and Exhibition in 1876, it is to become a great national and international museum, wherein are to be displayed the works of art, manufactures, and the natural products of this and other countries. The State might have properly erected here- tofore a building for such purposes. The Acts of Congress have given to the Centennial work a national character, and the proclamation of the President, enunciated on the 4th day of July last, not only perfected . this character of nationality, but gave the Exhibition a status eminently international, for he therein presented for the consideration of all other nations the purpose of the United States to celebrate the close of the first hundred years of American Independence, by means of a grand display of the arts, manufactures, natural products, at the same time cordially inviting the co-operation of the respective Governments of these nations in the proposed Inter- national Exhibition. Quite a number of the Governments so invited have already signified their intention to embrace the civility thus extended to them, and unite in the Exhibition. Under such a state of facts we are sure that you will agree with us that there is but one result that can be properly entertained by our people, and that is reasonable success. Any- thing short of this will bring dishonor and reproach to the whole nation, and especially to Pennsylvania. The good name of a people is above the value of money, and the Govern- ment must not permit tarnish to come to the character of Americans for no higher reason than to save a pittance to its treasury. If the United States fail to carry out on a befitting scale what the Government and people have promised to do in this matter of an International Exhibition, no American would thereafter dare to become an exhibitor at a similar exhibition in any other country. The humiliation and reproach that would flow from such a condition of things would be more than citizens of the United States could endure. We close with the remark that we never have doubted, and do not now doubt, that the Legislature and the Government at Harrisburg will do whatever is needful to insure success to the State's part of the Centennial work. WILLIAM BIGLER, President, JOHN H. SHOENBERGER, ALEXANDER HENRY, WILLIAM M. LYON, J. GILLINGHAM FELL, G. R. MESSERSMITH, JOHN O. JAMES, JOHN H. EWING, ARIO PARDEE. [The message, with the accompanying communication, was referred to the Committee on Finance.] 14 2IO INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Pennsylvania. Whereas, The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has appropriated the sum of one million dollars, and the City of Philadelphia the sum of five hundred thousand dollars, for the erec- tion of a permanent Centennial Memorial Building, to be part of the structure for the Inter- national Centennial Exhibition of 1876, and to be under the exclusive direction of the management of the Exhibition; And whereas. The City of Philadelphia has made an additional appropriation of one million dollars to the Centennial Board of Finance, and more than one million five hun- dred thousand dollars have been pledged by private subscriptions in the City of Philadel- phia, making an aggregate of over four millions already received for an enterprise that invites the generous support of the whole nation ; therefore, Resolved, That the State of Pennsylvania appeals with confidence to Congress to respond to the noble example of our Commonwealth, on behalf of the whole people of the country, by promptly making the appropriation asked for, and thus crown with the grandest success this just tribute to the beneficence and progress of free government. [The foregoing resolution was twice read, considered, and adopted, in the Senate, May 4, and in the House of Representatives, May 5, 1874.] A SUPPLEMENT TO AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYL- VANIA. Approved May 14, 1874. A SUPPLEMENT to the Act entitled "An Act to provide for a permanent Centennial Exhibi- tion bttilding for the people of the Commonwealth, in the City of Philadelphia" approved the twenty-seventh day of March, Anno Domini, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three. SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authoritv of the same, That the appropriation of one million dollars for the erection of a permanent Centennial Exhibition building for the people of this Commonwealth, and for the use of the Centennial anniversary of American Independence, under the direction of the United States Centennial Board of Finance, incorporated by Act of Congress, made by the first section of the Act to which this is a supplement, shall be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, in manner following, to wit : When monthly statements shall have been presented to the Governor as hereinafter provided, of the expenditures made for the permanent Exhibition building, monthly payments shall be made on such statements, but not more than fifty thousand dollars shall be paid in any one monthly statement, nor shall more than three hundred and fifty thousand dollars be payable on such statements in any one year ; the United States Centennial Board of Finance shall make monthly statements to the State Centennial Supervisors of the expenditures made for the said permanent Ex- hibition building for materials, labor, and services in the erection of said building for the preceding month ; and said Supervisors shall make, or cause to be made, an examination into said statements, and if they shall approve the expenditures made and the accounts for the same, they shall so certify the statement to the Governor, or if they find such statements or any of them incorrect, they shall correct them and certify them as so corrected, and the Governor shall thereupon draw his warrant on the State Treasurer for two-thirds of the amount so certified, subject, however, to the limitations as to amounts hereinbefore pro- vided; and said Supervisors shall also certify in like manner such monthly statements to the Mayor of the City of Philadelphia; Provided, however, that this Act shall not be construed to appropriate any money for the erection of the said permanent Centennial Exhibition APPENDIX D. 211 building until at least one million dollars of bona fide responsible subscriptions shall have State action, been made within the City of Philadelphia for the Centennial anniversary Exhibition build- Pennsylvania, ings in stock or otherwise, which shall be officially certified to the Governor by said Supervi- sors, and a sum of not less than five hundred thousand dollars shall have been appropriated by the City of Philadelphia, to be applied exclusively to the erection of the permanent Centennial Exhibition building provided for by the Act to which this is a supplement; And provided further, that nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to appropriate a greater sum in the aggregate than one million dollars, nor in any event shall the State here- after be called upon or held liable to appropriate any other or greater sum than that herein- before provided for. SEC. 2. So much of the Act to which this is a supplement as is inconsistent with the provisions of this Act is hereby repealed. H. H. McCORMICK, Speaker of the House of Representatives. B. B. STRANG, Speaker of the Senate. Approved the fourteenth day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four. J. F. HARTRANFT. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. January 6, 1875. As the time approaches for the Centennial celebration of the nation's independence, a broader and more generous sympathy with its objects is apparent, while a more general disposition is shown to make the Exhibition on that occasion not only a faithful represen- tation of our various natural and industrial resources, but to manifest as well that when the nation's pride, dignity, or honor are concerned, the American people move with a common impulse and have a common interest. It has been conceded, from its inception, that the Exhibition must have the sanction and authority of all the States if it would be clothed with the character of a national enterprise, and the number of .the States that have already enlisted in the cause discloses the prevalence of this opinion, and the desire for harmony and unity of action. The Centennial must be constructed out of materials furnished; from the whole Union, or its beauty will be marred and its symmetry destroyed. We owe it tu ourselves, humanity, and- liberty to demonstrate that the full development of a country and its resources, the education of the masses, the grandest achievements of science, the most abundant fruits of industry, the blessings of religion, and the amplest protection to life and property can all be secured by, and are consistent with, the largest share of freedom to man. We are to show that what the combined wisdom of ages and all nations endeavored and failed to obtain, a system of government uniting under its authority forty millions of free people, with no other restraints than those imposed by their own will, has had a trial of one hundred years, a century crowded with triumphs in peace and war, and unexampled for the progress and development of those arts that are useful and help adorn human nature. Is not, therefore, the interest, pride, and patriotism of every American engaged to make the Centennial, in its proportions and grandeur, a true reflex of the intelligence, genius, and habits of our people, the magnitude of our resources, and the benefits^ of our institutions? This is the scope and intention of the Celebration, and, if we mistake not the sentiments of the people of the country, every State and Territory will be represented' in- the Exhibition in the manner that will best display its wealth, industries, and characteristics, and with the more comprehensive view of making the Centennial truly national and American. That the products of foreign countries will be largely represented is assured by the number and character of the nations that have signified their intention to, contribute, and the liberal appropriations they have made to provide for suitable display. There has been no abate- ment of zeal in the efforts of the gentlemen in charge of this national; undertaking, nor any 212 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Mate action, cessation in their labors to diffuse a proper understanding of its purposes and uses. No Pennsylvania. a pp re hension of failure has ever seized them ; neither have they been 'disarmed by un- friendly and, at times, unjust criticism, nor deluded by plausible suggestions that might have turned them aside from the supreme object for which they have striven. To their talents, dignity of character, and untiring energy the country will be indebted for a large measure of the success of the Centennial, and in what remains for them to do, these quali- ties should banish distrust and command for them confidence and support. The work upon the buildings intended for the Exhibition is progressing rapidly, and the structure, in its architecture and proportions, will be a credit to the nation. The space to be allowed has been carefully allotted to each country, and ample provision made that the articles ex- hibited will be properly and fully displayed, while every facility will be afforded for the examination of our own products. Philadelphia is enlarging her accommodations for the entertainment of guests. The neighboring cities afford innumerable opportunities of a like kind ; the extensive park, where the Centennial buildings are located, is every day adding to its natural beauty with the contributions of art, with which public and private liberality is adorning its avenues, and the welcome accorded those who attend the Exhibition will be in keeping with the traditional hospitality of the people of Pennsylvania, and, we trust, will reflect honor upon the whole nation. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, February 2, 1875. To THE HONORABLE THE SENATE OF PENNSYLVANIA: GENTLEMEN, I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of a communication received by me from A. T. Goshorn, Director-General United States Centennial Commis- sion, to which your attention is respectfully invited. J. F. HARTRANFT. [The communication referred to in the above message is as follows :] INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, PHILADELPHIA, January 30, 1875. To HIS EXCELLENCY JOHN F. HARTRANFT, Governor of Pennsylvania : SIR, In behalf of the United States Centennial Commission, I have the honor to direct your attention to several subjects connected with the International Exhibition of 1876, of great importance to your Commonwealth, and for which provision should be made this year. It has already become manifest that a large proportion of the articles to be exhibited will be provided for in a creditable manner by the manufacturers and producers of the several States. But there remain large classes of objects whose collection is essential to a complete representation of the material and social condition of the community, yet which it is not to the interest or within the power of an individual to collect ; of this description are the unwrought natural resources of the land, such as its minerals, soils, woods, vegeta- tion, etc. It is so largely upon their wealth in this direction that the growth of States depends, that this department of the Exhibition will be critically studied by those interested in the problems of immigration and of the investment of capital. On merely economical grounds every State would do well to provide liberally for the thorough and exhaustive representation of the actual and possible products of its soil. Another department that should be inaugurated and prepared under the auspices of the State Governments is that which may be termed the historical and statistical. Unless done by official authority there will not be a complete representation of such matters as the history of the early settlement of the State, its physical features, climate, geographical position, government, law and punishment of crime, system of State and municipal taxation, revenue APPENDIX D. 213 and expenditures, benevolent institutions and charities, education, scientific, industrial, State action commercial, learned and religious societies, agricultural and manufacturing interests, the P extent and effects of railroads and other means of transportation, the history and growth in population and wealth of the State. All these subjects, among others, ought to be so represented as to afford a summary view of the history, progress, and present condition of every State. Unless this is accomplished the Exhibition will seriously fail in that part of its purpose which contemplates a representation of the nation's growth during the first century of its existence. Official resources only are adequate to the satisfactory execution of the task thus proposed. It is hoped, therefore, that each of the States, either by legislative action or otherwise, will adopt such measures as may be deemed necessary to empower existing organizations or agencies to be created to prepare an exhibition of its native resources and moral and political advancement as herein indicated. A collective representation of this character will not only be interesting as illustrating the prosperity of the country, but will also be of inestimable value for preservation in the archives of the nation, as a correct history of the birth and progress of the several communities that have contributed during the century to the growth and strength of the Union of States. How far your State will participate in these suggestions is a question that I have the honor to most respectfully submit and recommend to your early consideration. Your obedient servant, A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. [The foregoing message and communication were referred to the Committee on Centen- nial Affairs.] ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved April 12, 1875. AN ACT to provide for the appointment of a State Board of Centennial Managers for the International Exhibition of the year eighteen hundred and seventy -six, and make appro- priation to defray the expenses thereof. SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That the Governor is hereby authorized and empowered to appoint five suit able persons from different sections of the State, familiar with the resources, arts, products, history, and capabilities of the State, who, with the United States Centennial Commissioner and the Alternate Commissioner from Pennsylvania, shall constitute and be the State Board of Centennial Managers for this State. SEC. 2. That upon said State Board shall devolve the responsibility of organizing the State, and of securing its thorough representation in the International Exhibition of the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six ; and it shall also have special charge of the interests of this State and the citizens thereof in all matters relating to the Exhibition, shall obtain and disseminate information throughout the State in regard to the purposes and objects of the Exhibition, and shall generally supervise such details and arrangements as may be re- quired for a full and proper representation of the products, industries, resources, and history of the Commonwealth, in accordance with the regulations that have been adopted or may hereafter be adopted for holding the Exhibition by the United States Centennial Commis- sioners. SEC. 3. That said State Board shall meet within twenty days after the appointment, on a call issued for such meeting by the Governor, and shall elect one of its members to be President, and another of them to be Secretary and Treasurer, who shall hold their offices during the pleasure of the Board ; they shall meet at least once in each month, and four 214 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBIJION, 1876. State action, members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business ; they shall have power to Pennsylvania, ma k e rules and regulations for their own government, and may delegate to the President, or any member, the performance of such specific duty as may promote the object for which the Board is appointed ; vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled by new appoint- ments made by the Governor. SEC. 4. That said Board shall make report of its proceedings to the Legislature at each of its sessions, and in such reports shall make such suggestions as may be deemed advisable for fully providing for the complete and proper representation of the interests of the State in the Exhibition, and for securing the hearty co-operation of the people therein. SEC. 5. That the Governor, State Treasurer, and Secretary of the Commonwealth shall constitute a permanent Advisory Committee of said Board, with the right to appoint its own Secretary, at such compensation as it may designate, to which Committee shall be re- ferred all communications from Governors or Executive Officers of other States of the Union, and such Committee may participate in all the deliberations of the State Board. SEC. 6. That so much of any law or resolution as are hereby supplied be, and the same are hereby, repealed. SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN LATTA, President of the Senate. Approved the twelfth day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five. J. F. HARTRANFT. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. January 4, 1876. Whatever misgivings have hitherto possessed the public mind about the success of the Centennial are now happily dissipated, and it is evident the country has awakened to the conviction that the Exhibition, instead of being merely local, with which character the indifferent and distrustful would have invested it, will transcend in dignity and magnitude any of the Exhibitions that have preceded it in Europe. It becomes Pennsylvania, therefore, to bestir herself, and strive to have a full repre- sentation of her resources and industries on exhibition. The Commonwealth has made vast contributions of means, and the energies of many of her best citizens have been cease- lessly devoted to the promotion of the enterprise, and she will be false to her best interests if the display she makes is not creditable to her people and in keeping with her position among the States. Every city, town, county, and township that has a product, whether of the soil or manufactory, should take care that it has a place in the Exhibition. Our min- eral resources should all be shown, and our iron, oil, coke, lumber, railroad, ship-building, and all manufacturing interests should be fitly represented. Every beneficial, trade, and commercial association should have charts or designs to show their purposes or benefits. The collections of scientific and art societies should be exhibited, and our penal and reformatory institutions, and those of charity, beneficence, and learning, should in some manner illustrate their management. Opportunities should be afforded to study our forms of government, public and private improvements in buildings, churches, bridges, water-, gas-, and other works, and every means and facility furnished to the strangers to become acquainted with the character, extent, and variety of our products, and the advantages of our State as a place of residence and a field for enterprise. To make this display will require constant and unremitting work on the part of indi- viduals, firms, and companies during the short time that remains before the Exhibition opens, and public and private liberality should combine to effect this object. In conform- ity with an Act passed at your last session, the Executive appointed a commission of gen- tlemen to be intrusted with the superintendence and collection of the exhibition which Pennsylvania shall make at the Centennial. To perform this duty it is obvious they APPENDIX D. 215 must have financial aid, and when we consider how vast and multiform must be its labors, State action, and the short time left to discharge the same, the sum allowed to defray the expenses should Penns >' lvani;l be liberal, and commensurate with the important share the Commonwealth has taken in this great national enterprise. The character of the gentlemen who were appointed is a surety that the exhibition of the State will be all that zeal and fidelity to its interests can make it, if means are afforded them to fulfill the purposes of their appointment, and I recommend that an appropriation therefor be made at once. In this connection it is proper your attention should be invited to the necessity of making provision for the transportation and encampment of the military of the State at some period of the Exhibition, so that suitable display may be made of this branch of the public service. Several of the States are making extensive preparations in this direction, and the military feature of the Exhibition promises to be creditable to the volunteer system of the country. The various commands throughout the Commonwealth are perfecting themselves in drill and discipline with a view to this encampment, and I feel assured the appearance and bearing of our soldiers will reflect honor upon our State. The troops from this State will probably be encamped for a period of ten days or two weeks in the vicinity of the Exhibition, to serve without pay, and supply their own rations, but through the proper authorities they ask that the State will furnish them with transportation to and from the Exhibition, and provide shelter for them while in camp. When we consider what little compensation the National Guard receives for its services, this reasonable request of the commands that will muster, numbering perhaps eight thousand men, will, I am confident, meet with your favor. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Resolved (if the House of Representatives concur), That our Senators be instructed, and our members of Congress requested to vote, for the bill now pending, making an appropria- tion of one million five hundred thousand dollars for the Centennial Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia; and that the Governor be requested to communicate this reso- lution to our members in Congress under the seal of the State. [The foregoing resolution, originating in and passing the Senate January 13, 1876, was concurred in by the House of Representatives, and adopted on the same day.] RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Whereas, The Hon. John W. Forney, United States Centennial Commissioner in Europe, having recently returned from nearly two years' most valuable service in behalf of the Centennial Exhibition ; therefore, Resolved, That a Committee of five be appointed by the President to confer with Colonel Forney, and request him to repeat before the Legislature, whenever it will suit his conven- ience, his address upon the subject of his " Centennial Experience in Europe." [The foregoing preamble and resolution were adopted by the Senate, March 2, 1876, and similar ones were considered and agreed to by the House of Representatives, March 3, 1876.] [In pursuance of the foregoing resolution, it was ordered that Messrs. Jones, Strang, Herr, Nagle, and Yerkes, on the part of the Senate, and Messrs. Talley, Stotzer, Monaghan, Leach, and Huhn, on the part of the House, should form the said Committee. IN THE SENATE, March 8, 1876. Mr. Jones, from the Special Committee appointed to wait upon Hon. John W. Forney, and request him to deliver before the Legislature his address on his " Centennial Experi- ence in Europe," made a report, which was read, as follows, viz. : 2i6 . INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 2876. State action. That they first forwarded to Colonel Forney a copy of the preamble and resolution Pennsylvania. a j O pt e d by the Senate on the 2d instant. Your Committee, with a similar Committee of the House of Representatives, then called upon Colonel Forney at his residence in Phila- delphia, and it affords us pleasure to say that he has accepted the joint invitation of the Senate and House. The time designated for the delivery of the address is Tuesday, March 14, 1876, at eight o'clock P.M., in the hall of the House of Representatives. All of which is respectfully submitted. HORATIO GATES JONES, B. B. STRANG, A. J. HERR, E. W. DAVIS, D. A. NAGLE, HARMAN YERKES. [A similar report to the above was duly signed, and submitted to the House of Repre- sentatives by the Committee appointed by the same, in the above matter. Whereupon the following resolution was adopted on the same day, March 6, 1876: ] Resolved, That the hall of the House of Representatives be granted on the evening of the 1 4th instant for the purpose stated in the above report. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved March 28, 1876. AN ACT making an appropriation to pro-vide for an educafional display at the Centennial Exhibition, and to erect a suitable school-house or other building for the purpose. SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That the sum of fifteen thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of any moneys unappropriated in the State treasury for the purpose of making a proper display of the educational interests of the Commonwealth at the Centennial Exhibition to be held in Philadelphia, and for erecting a suitable school- house or other building in which to pre- sent the same; Provided, that at the close of the Exhibition the building so erected shall be sold by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and the proceeds of the sale be returned to the treasury. SEC. 2. That the money appropriated under this Act shall be payable to the Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, who is hereby intrusted with authority to expend the same for the purposes herein named, and whose accounts are to be filed in the office of the Auditor-General, and settled in the usual manner. SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ELISHA W. DAVIS, President pro tern, of the Senate. Approved the twenty-eighth day of March, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. J. F. HARTRANFT. SUPPLEMENT TO AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved March 30, 1876. A SUPPLEMENT to an Act entitled "An Act to provide for the appointment of a State Board of Centennial Managers for the Centennial Exhibition, and defray the expenses thereof." SECTION I. He it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That for the purpose of enabling the State Board of Centennial Managers to APPENDIX D. 217 fulfill the purpose of their appointment and perform the duties imposed upon them by the State action. Act of the twelfth of April, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, entitled "An Act for the Pennsylvania, appointment of a State Board of Centennial Managers for the International Exhibition of the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and make appropriations to defray the expenses thereof," the sum of forty thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated. SEC. 2. That the Board of Commissioners shall, immediately after the passage of this Act, cause to be erected on the grounds of the Centennial Exhibition a suitable building for the accommodation and convenience of the people of Pennsylvania, which shall be fur- nished and provided with proper attendants during the period the Exhibition shall remain open. SEC. 3. That the money shall be paid only as required, and after proper vouchers are filed, certified by the President of the Board, and settled in the office of the Auditor-Gen- eral ; Provided, that no part of the money shall be paid the Commissioners as compen- sation ; and at the expiration of said Centennial Exhibition, the State Board of Managers are hereby instructed to sell said building and furniture, and return the proceeds to the State Treasurer. SEC. 4. That before any contract for the erection of the building shall be made, the con- tractor therefor shall execute a bond, with sufficient sureties, conditioned for the completion of the same before the day of opening of the Exhibition, said bond to be approved by the Advisory Committee of the State Board on behalf of the State; the expenses of said Advisory Committee, as authorized by the fifth section of the Act of April twelfth, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, to be paid on the warrant of the Governor ; And provided further, lhat a Committee of five from the Senate and five from the House of Representatives, to be appointed by the Speakers, are hereby authorized to act in conjunction with the State Board of Centennial Managers and the Advisory Committee of the State Board in the con- struction and general management of the building authorized to be erected by this Act. SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ELISHA W. DAVIS, President pro tern, of the Senate. Approved the thirtieth day of March, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. J. F. HARTRANFT. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved April 7, 1876. AN ACT to provide for the payment of canvas, transportation, and grounds for the purposes of the Centennial encampment of the National Guard. Whereas, It is desirable that the troops of the State shall be encamped in the vicinity of the Centennial Exhibition grounds ; And whereas, It is right and proper that they should be furnished with shelter and land for such purpose ; therefore, SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That the sum of twenty thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and is hereby, appropriated for the purchase of canvas for the quartering and accommodation of the troops, the same to be and remain the property of the State. SEC. 2. That the further sum of thirty-five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated for the transportation and carriage of troops to and from their respective localities to said encampment and return, and for the payment also of the rental for the occupation of such grounds as may be necessary for their accommodation, and the expenses incidental thereto. 2i8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. SEC. 3. That the disbursements and drawing of such moneys hereby appropriated shall be ma( j e by the direction of the State Military Board, under the same provisions as is now provided by law for other military purposes ; Provided, however, that no contract shall be made for any of the purposes hereinbefore indicated until the said Board shall first have approved the same, under such rules and regulations as it may prescribe. SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN LATTA, President of the Senate. Approved the seventh day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. J. F. HARTRANFT. EXTRACT FROM THE JOURNAL OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. April 18, 1876. Resolved (if the Senate concur), That the Senate and House of Representatives accept the invitation of the United States Centennial Commission to be present at the opening of the International Exhibition, on the roth day of May next, in the City of Philadelphia ; and that the Clerks of the respective Houses be directed to communicate the same to the United States Centennial Commission, and to make such arrangements as may be necessary to cany the same into effect. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved April 20, 1876. AN ACT for the regulation of International Exhibitions held under the auspices of the Government of the United States, "within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and pre- venting seizure of articles and goods deposited on exhibition thereat. SECTION I . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That no process of attachment, execution, sequestration, replevin, distress, or any kind of seizure, shall be served or levied upon articles, goods, wares, merchandise, or property of any description while the same is on exhibition or deposited by exhibitors at any International Exhibition held under the auspices of the Government of the United States, within any city or county of this Commonwealth ; nor shall such property be subject to attachment, seizure, levy, or sale for any cause whatsoever, in the hands of the authorities of such Exhibition, or otherwise. SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN LATTA, President of the Senate. Approved the twentieth day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. J. F. HARTRANFT. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved May 4, 1876. AN ACT to make the tenth day of May, one thoiisand eight hundred and seventy-six, a legal holiday. SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the attthority of the same, That the tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- dred and seventy-six, shall be deemed and proclaimed as a public holiday, and shall ba APPENDIX D. 2 , 9 duly observed as such ; the payment of all notes, checks, bills of exchange, and other instru- State action ments negotiable by the laws of this Commonwealth, and becoming payable on said tenth Pennsylvania, day of May, shall be deemed to become due on the day next preceding the aforementioned day on which said preceding day demand of payment may be made ; and in case of non- payment or dishonor of the same, protest may be made, and notice given, in the same man- ner as if such notes, checks, bills of exchange, or other instruments fell due on the day of such demand; and the rights and liabilities of all parties concerned therein shall be the same as in other cases of like instruments legally proceeded with; Provided, that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to render void any demand, notice of protest made or given, or other act done, as heretofore, at the option of the holder. SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN LATTA, President of the Senate. Approved the fourth day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. J. F. HARTRANFT. EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approved May 13, 1876. AN ACT to provide for the expenses required by an Act entitled " An Act to provide for the continuance of the education and maintenance of the destitute orphans of the deceased soldiers and sailors and the destitute children of permanently disabled soldiers and sailors of the State." SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, * * * and it is hereby declared to be the further duty of the Superin- tendent to prescribe the kind of clothing to be worn by the children of said orphan schools* and to see that each receive an amount of the full value of twenty-five dollars; and he is further authorized to permit as many of the orphan children as may be convenient to visit the Centennial Exhibition at some proper time during its continuance, and defray the expenses thereof out of the money herein appropriated. SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ELISHA W. DAVIS, President pro tern, of the Senate. Approved the thirteenth day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. J. F. HARTRANFT. EXTRACTS FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. January 3, 1877. Pennsylvania is indebted to the voluntary zeal and energy of the School Department, seconded by efforts of educators and teachers throughout the State, for the creditable edu- cational exhibit at the Centennial. In the short space of three months the hall was erected and the immense mass of material suitably arranged, a work involving an amount of labor from the Superintendent and his assistants which is worthy of all praise. The Exhi- bition awakened renewed interest in educational matters, and will undoubtedly be the means of invigorating and improving our schools. I have heretofore earnestly pointed out the growing necessity for industrial art education. First, through the public schools by the introduction of mechanical and free-hand drawing; secondly, by night schools for adults; and, thirdly, by special schools of industrial design for all classes. Museums, art galleries, and other public collections are also important forces in industrial education. Such institutions in England, France, Germany, and other 220 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. European countries are regarded as an essential element in national progress, and are mostly Pennsylvania. unc j e r the patronage of the Government. Intelligence is becoming more and more a most important element in every department of industry. In this respect our educational system is wholly deficient. It turns out lawyers, doctors, preachers, and professional men in super- abundance, while there is a startling dearth of intelligent farmers, manufacturers, miners, and mechanics. A few of the States have started forward in the cause of industrial edu- cation by introducing drawing into their public schools, and providing museums and schools of design. The large and varied industries of Pennsylvania demand a similar liberality. The Centennial year has brought us the opportunity and placed the materials for beginning at our disposal. The Geological Survey of the State has collected a " mass of specimens which is now hid away in boxes and wholly useless, instead of being a source of instruc- tion to the people." The Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, modeled after the celebrated South Kensington Museum of London, has secured Memorial Hall in which to form an art-library ; special collections, illustrative of industrial processes, and a thorough system of instruction in the arts of design as applied to manufactures, accom- panied by general and technical lectures. In this they are about to place the nucleus of a collection gathered in the rich field of the Centennial Exhibition, intended to promote the improvement of American industrial art. I trust these efforts will not escape your notice. Some means ought to be devised to make available the rich collection of the Geological Survey. And you will no doubt seriously consider whether in the case of the Museum and Industrial School, the State ought not to extend a hand to place upon a firm foundation a work of so much public utility. The Centennial Celebration has attracted particular attention to State history, with the gratifying result that this Commonwealth has not been behind others in providing liberally for the preservation of its true sources. The twenty-nine volumes of Records and Archives (1681-1790) published under the supervision of the late Samuel Hazard, the five volumes of Bates's History of Pennsylvania Volunteers (1861-1865), and the more recent publica- tion of four volumes of a second series of Archives, contain a large body of valuable ma- terials by that means placed beyond the possibility of destruction. The labors of the His- torical Society of Pennsylvania in this direction are worthy of especial notice. Its well- managed publication fund has contributed to historical resources the Correspondence of Penn and Logan ; the History, by Acrelius, of our Swedish Settlers upon the Delaware before the Time of Penn ; Heckewelder's Indian Nations ; and the Historical Map of Pennsylvania, published in 1875. #*#**##"##. The Centennial closed amid general commendation. Nothing can be conceived more admirable than the temper in which it was undertaken and the manner in which it was carried out. In size, interest, and attendance it is admitted to have surpassed all previous Exhibitions. Many things contributed to this signal success. The co-operation of other States and the United States and the cordial good will of foreign nations materially aided the enterprise. But the main cause is to be found in the untiring energy and zeal, the pru- dence, judgment, and ability of the distinguished managers, and in the unexampled liber- ality and hospitality of the people of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. Throughout the Exhibition the utmost good order prevailed, and its associations have powerfully strength- ened the reciprocal good will of the nations of the earth. The results have been great and far-reaching. It has deepened and widened the public mind at home, and contributed to a better understanding and higher opinion of our nation abroad. It has been an exhibition not only of the material products of our institutions in the necessities, comforts, and luxuries of civilized life so lavishly displayed, but it has also shown the mental characteristics which are at once the source and security of the same in- stitutions, the patriotism and liberality, the love of law and order, and the superior average intelligence of the American people. It has brought the work of our people into compar- ison with that of civilized nations, and in summing up what we have done has discovered APPENDIX D. 221 to us the direction in which we must proceed. It has crowned the century with unalloyed State action, satisfaction, and we can enter upon the work of the future with the confidence and hope Penns y |vania - derived from the progress of the past. The past year was the Centennial of the State as well as of the nation. It is natural to review the progress of the century ; to trace the rise of the useful and ornamental arts, and to mark the changes that have taken place in society. At the latter part of the eighteenth century the province contained about four hundred thousand inhabitants. The population scarcely extended beyond the Susquehanna, except a few settlements that straggled into the wilderness and held a precarious existence amid hostile tribes of Indians and the diffi- culties of communicating with the more populous regions. The people were chiefly en- gaged in agricultural pursuits ; a few in the East were manufacturers and merchants, and the rude distilleries of the West turned the products of that region into merchandise. There were faint traces of the mining, manufacturing, and lumber interests of the present day ; and only a suspicion existed of the incalculable treasures buried in the earth. The means of disseminating intelligence and knowledge were scanty, and while the higher classes were educated and refined, illiteracy was common among the people. A hundred years have wrought a wonderful change. The population has increased tenfold, the area under cultivation a hundredfold, and wealth almost beyond comparison. Thousands of miles of canals and railroads intersect the Commonwealth. Immense mining, manufac- turing, agricultural, and carrying enterprises give employment to the toiling millions of the State. All the products of the earth are within our reach : fuel and provisions are brought to our doors, gas and water are in our houses, and the news of the world of yesterday is laid on our breakfast-tables in the morning. Thousands of schools and colleges are scat- tered over the State, and the post is burdened daily with millions of letters attesting the general diffusion of knowledge. The people are more intelligent, freer, and happier, more cheerful, tolerant, and liberal. The charges of modern degeneracy are refuted by the clear testimony of a hundred years. The cant of politics is a willful perversion of the truth of history. Comparing 1876 with 1776, it is apparent that we have advanced not only in population and wealth, but in freedom, in intelligence, in morals, and in general welfare. *#*#*#*### On the whole, a candid review of the situation will justify our hopes and awaken our gratitude. No man can regard the satisfactory growth of this State without feelings of pride and thankfulness. No man, certainly, can undertake to legislate for so many millions and such vast interests without a sense of dependence and accountability to God, who has guided the Commonwealth to greatness and prosperity through the vicissitudes of a hun- dred years. Invoking His blessing and guidance, let us, then, address ourselves to the task of retrieving past errors, perfecting past efforts, and devising just and salutary laws to assist the people in their further progress. JOHN F. HARTRANFT. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, HARRISBURG, January 3, 1877. RHODE ISLAND. Rhode island EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SETH PADELFORD. January 2, 1872. In January last I laid before you communications from the Governor of Pennsylvania, and the Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State of the United States, accompanied by an Act of Congress, to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1876. . The Act referred to requires that each State may send one delegate to prepare and 222 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action, superintend the execution of the plan for holding the Exhibition, to be appointed by the 1 President of the United States on the nomination of the Governors of the States. The State of Pennsylvania has also invited this State to send Commissioners to co-operate with the Commissioners of Pennsylvania and other States to aid in carrying into effect the plan proposed. I submit these papers again for your consideration, as by the Act of Congress the Commissioners are required to be appointed previous to March 3, 1872. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF RHODE ISLAND. Passed February 8, 1872. RESOLUTION providing for the nomination of Commissioners to represent this State at the celebration of the Centennial anniversary of American Independence at Philadelphia. Resolved, That there be nominated to the President of the United States, in Grand Com- mittee, one delegate, " whose duty with the delegates from other States it shall be," in accordance with an Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, "to prepare and superin- tend the execution of a plan for holding an International Exhibition, and after conference with the authorities of the City of Philadelphia, to fix upon a site where the Exhibition shall be held." Resolved, That there shall also be nominated to the President, in Grand Committee, one Commissioner, who shall assume the place and perform the duties of the previously nomi- nated delegate in case such delegate is unable to attend the meetings of the Commission. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SETH PADELFORD. January 13, 1873. The subject of the Centennial Celebration of the Independence of the United States, at Philadelphia, in 1876, was brought before the General Assembly at its last January ses- sion, and a committee of two gentlemen, one from Newport and the other from Providence, was appointed to co-operate with the authorities of Philadelphia in carrying out any plans that might be adopted to insure the success of the contemplated Exhibition. This Exhibition is intended to surpass any ever held in the United States. I have received several communications on the subject, which will be laid before you for such action as may be deemed necessary. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR HENRY LIPPITT. January, 1876. No influence is more potent to heal the wounds of the late war than the personal meeting of the Northern and Southern people to celebrate the glories of our common country. The most important of these occasions will occur this year in Philadelphia. The arrangements are now so complete that the success of the enterprise is assumed. Most of the nations of the earth will be represented by their products and their citizens. The reputation of the nation is at stake. The States are vying with each other in a generous rivalry to help the common cause.. Rhode Island must not lose her prestige in the struggle. Through the rnists of over a hundred years the burning of the Gaspee beacons the first blow for freedom. The troops in the Federal camp before Boston, that of all others were marked by their discipline, their equipments, and by their effectiveness, was the battalion from Rhode Island, led by Nathaniel Greene. Among the first to enter Washington to defend the nation's liberties, armed, provisioned, equipped, and in condition without a halt, to attack APPENDIX D. 22 3 the enemy, was a regiment from Rhode Island. She sent Perry to Lake Erie, and Barton State action, to capture Prescott. Our ancestors contributed liberally to the nation's needs. Many of Rhodc Island, them gave their lives to make the nation free. In the darkest hours they persevered, and finally obtained for us the freedom we have enjoyed. They fought and won ; it is for us to celebrate their glorious deeds. Something has already been done in this direction. The women of Rhode Island, always patriotic, have earned for the cause many thousand dol- lars. For the assistance they have already rendered, and for that to be derived from their uncompleted efforts, they are entitled to the greatest praise. Our excellent educational system should be exhibited. Those of other States are to be displayed with great care, and ours should certainly be in the collection. As we shall gain by the study of other systems, ours will in like degree add something to the nation's knowledge of the educational problem of to-day. Some of our manufacturing interests are to be well represented, and if the others will lake advantage of the time that yet remains, we shall be proud of our exhibit. In the centre of Machinery Hall, furnishing all the power for the myriad machines about it, will stand a Rhode Island engine. One of our manufacturers proposes to set up a complete manufactory in the Centennial buildings, and to produce from the raw material the manufactured product in all its excel- lence. Others will carry to the Exhibition the various wares their skill has produced. To give them the aid that other States are extending to their citizens, an early appropriation is needed. It is for you to say in what condition, and under what auspices, the State shall appear at the nation's birthday celebration. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF RHODE ISLAND. Passed March 3, 1876. RESOLUTION making an appropriation to secure a creditable representation of the State at the National Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. Resolved, That the Governor and the State Centennial Commission are hereby au- thorized to expend a sum not exceeding in all seventy-one hundred dollars, for the pur- pose of paying expenses already incurred by said Commission, and in securing a creditable representation of the industrial and educational interests of the State at the National Cen- tennial Exhibition to be holden in Philadelphia, and the said sum of seventy-one hundred dollars, or such portion thereof as may be required, is hereby appropriated for said pur- poses, and the General Treasurer is directed to pay the same upon the orders of the Governor and said Commission. CIRCULAR ISSUED BY THE GOVERNOR OF RHODE ISLAND. STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. Rhode Island Week at Philadelphia, First Week in October. SEVENTH OF THE SKR1F.S OF CENTENNIAL RECEPTIONS TO BE GIVEN BY THE GOVERNORS OF THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES. His Excellency HENRY LIPPITT, Governor of the State of Rhode Island, -vill hold a Reception at the Rhode Island State Building, in the Centennial grounds, Philadelphia, on Thursday, the fifth of October, 1876. 224 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, PROVIDENCE, Sept. l8, 1876. All citizens of Rhode Island, and all natives of the State, or their descendants, now residing in other sections of the United States, are cordially invited to be present at the above-named reception ; also, all who are allied by birth to those who distinguished them- selves in our Revolutionary struggle, or are in any way connected with or interested in the history of the State, either in the past or present, are invited to assist in making the day memorable and historic. All city and town authorities, and the press of the State, are earnestly invited to co- operate in making the occasion creditable alike to the State and to their constituencies. HENRY LIPP1TT, Governor. J. M. ADDEMAN, Secretary of State. VIRGINIA. FROM THE APPENDIX TO THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JAMES L, KEMPER. December 6, 1876. COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, GOVERNOR'S OFFICE, RICHMOND, 7th October, 1876. J. E. PEYTON, ESQ. : SIR, According to the promise made to you some days ago, I respond now to the very cordial and flattering invitation you then bore to me from the Centennial Commission. In behalf of the Commission you propose that I issue my proclamation inviting the people of Virginia and their descendants and relatives in other States to meet me, in my official character, at a reception to be held within the Centennial grounds, on the Ipth instant, the anniversary of the British surrender at Yorktown. You express the opinion that such a proclamation, and the reception held in pursuance of it, by the Governor of the oldest of the original thirteen States, would attract a vast concourse, perhaps one or two hundred thousand persons or more, to the National Exhibition, and would be attended with results of enduring and patriotic interest to the entire country. Duly and most respectfully appreciating the honor of this invitation, and anxious to decide rightly every question connected with it, I have reserved the subject for a brief period of reflection. I beg you to be assured, sir, that I am ever ready to devote all the resources at my command to the task of restoring peace and propagating fraternal good will over our com- mon country, and I have not failed to contribute the utmost in my power to the success of the Centennial Exhibition and Celebration. You are aware that in my last annual message to the Legislature of this State I earnestly urged that body to make such appropriation for the purpose as would convey an official recognition by Virginia of the Centennial enterprise, and, at the same time, insure a full exhibition of our resources in connection with it. That recommendation was thoroughly considered and finally rejected. It was thought the State could not honestly afford an appropriation even for such a purpose. This Commonwealth had been the prin- cipal theatre of the recent four years' war, and, in the course of it, had been scourged, stripped, desolated, and trampled by more than a million of armed men. Our losses anc sufferings very far exceeded those of any other State. Struggling ever since with adversity, borne down with heavy public and private indebtedness, and unable even yet to meet all the interest accruing upon it, Virginia declined to incur the cost of taking part in the Cen- tennial because her poverty, and not her will, forbade the diversion of any portion of he* revenues to that object. APPENDIX D. 22 S This adverse action of the Legislature was in response to the question I submitted for its State action. determination. To contravene it now would involve not only a breach of the faith, in Vlr s ima - which the submission was made, but disrespect to the department whose judgment I invoked. If I should accede to your request ; if the part proposed to be borne by me could avail anything; and if our combined efforts should succeed in drawing to Philadelphia such a concourse of Virginians as you expect, then I would be partly instrumental in causing this impoverished people to spend, in connection with the Centennial and beyond their State, a very large sum of money : whereas the same people, through their law-making power, have just declared their inability to contribute even a small sum to that object. I would be assuming to do, or to join others in doing, on a great scale in one form, what I have been authoritatively forbidden to do on a small scale in another form. I would be assisting in the indirect application from this State of some millions of dollars to an object substantially the same, or cognate to the same, for which the Legislature refused a direct appropriation of a few thousands. Nor, in my opinion, is it right in itself that I should exert any supposed official influence in stimulating the people of Virginia to increase the contributions they are now making with a liberal hand in this direction. They are doubtless well-wishers of yourself and your associate investors in the Centennial enterprise ; but whatever might induce them to incur the extraordinary expenditure now proposed, would serve but to diminish unduly the reduced means they have, in order to augment your comparative abundance. Those really able to visit the Exhibition have gone or will go, and their going is very properly determined without regard to any movements of mine. None others in justice to themselves can go; and I would not if I could attract to Philadelphia those who, in view of their necessities at home, ought not to go at all. Moreover, while such a proclamation as you suggest seems to be warranted by usage in some of the States, it would be notable in Virginia as extra-official and without authority, and it would contravene rules and limitations which here, for a hundred years, have been held inviolable. In declining to participate officially in the Centennial exercises, I am content to know that neither my presence nor absence affects any inter-State or inter-sectional or political relations or interests. Nevertheless, I hold myself free to change any of my conclusions whenever it becomes proper to do so. You and others inform me it is proposed that the chief executive officers of all the States and Territories shall meet together in Philadelphia before the close of the Centennial, and that such representatives of all the States, other than Virginia, are expected to be present. In that improbable event I would not be willing that exceptional absence on the part of Virginia should cause her to be misunderstood, or should be the solitary incident to mar the completeness of such an occasion. Let no man do Virginia the wrong to suppose that she measures the value of the Cen- tennial, or estimates current events, by any selfish or merely material standard. It is true that, passing through a period of embarrassment, she recognizes the obligation as one of paramount importance to enforce the sternest economy in order to pay her debt and vindi- cate her plighted faith ; yet Virginia is no step behind her foremost sisters in patriotic efforts to advance the progress, the peace, and the liberties of a Union now constitutionally indis- soluble. With regretful composure, without abating her known spirit of conciliation, she beholds the untimely sectional animosities and reproaches which, provoked by no act of hers, have marred the noblest design of the Centennial celebration. All the world knows that no laggard heart inspires Virginia. Her absence from Philadelphia shall speak for her with not less significance than her presence. Standing beside her own ancient hearthstone; scarred, afflicted, poor; but with her brow uplifted; with pure and unfaltering faith; with unquailing honor and unbroken pride; Virginia speaks Centennial greetings of affection to all her sister States. To Massachusetts she sends greeting in the name of the great Vir- ginian who first unsheathed his sword on Cambridge Common as leader of the armies of '5 226 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. Virginia. Washington Territory. the Revolution. She greets the States of the great Northwest, whose territory she gave as a more than imperial dowry to the youthful Union. She greets Philadelphia, the cradle of independence and the birthplace of federal Union, to which a Virginia statesman gave the grandest of its historic glories. And, in the voice and spirit of a hundred years ago, she speaks for a Union of patriotic and heroic hearts ; for our common liberties ; for a Govern- ment deriving its just powers from the consent of the governed ; for equal right and im- partial justice to all sections, States, and men ; and she craves of all that for the support of these principles, " with a firm reliance on Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor." I have the honor to be, sir, yours respectfully, JAMES L. KEMPER. ' WASHINGTON TERRITORY. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR ELISHA P. FERRY. October 9, 1873. The One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence will be celebrated in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876, by an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine. The President of the United States, in accordance with the Act of Congress providing for this Exhibition, has appointed Commissioners from each State and Territory to prepare and carry out plans for the Exhibition. Hon. Elwood Evans has been appointed Commissioner, and Hon. A. S. Abernethy Alternate Commis sioner, from this Territoiy. The former attended the annual session of the Commission in the City of Philadelphia in May last. Considerable progress has been made by the Com- mission, and from the plans adopted and the general interest manifested, we have reason to believe that this Exhibition will surpass in magnitude and importance every other that has ever been held in this or any other country. Washington Territory and its productions should be fully represented at this Exhibition. No better opportunity can ever be offered to enable us to show to the world the products of our mines, our forests, our fields, our orchards, our gardens, and the progress we have made in arts and manufactures. The Exhibition will open on the IQth of April, and close on the i Qth of October, 1876. I earnestly recommend that a liberal appropriation be made to defray any necessary expense that may be incurred to secure a representation at the annual session of the Commission, and a full co-operation by this Territory with the other Territories and States in this grand and patriotic undertaking. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR ELISHA P. FERRY. October 5, 1875. The attention of the people of the United States and of the world is strongly directed towards the Centennial Exhibition, which will be held in the City of Philadelphia, from the eleventh day of May to the eleventh day of November next. The design of the Exhibition is to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, and to exhibit to the nations of the world the wonderful and unparalleled progress of the great American Republic in the short period of a single century. Whether Washington Terri- tory is represented or not will be of little importance to the Exhibition. If we do not avail ourselves of an opportunity which may never occur again to exhibit our productions, the loss will be our own. Every State and every other Territory will probably unite in this Celebration, and it will be a matter of deep regret to our people if the space allotted to our Territory shall remain vacant. It is indispensably necessary that an appropriation be made in order to secure a full and proper representation of the products of our forests^ our farms, and our mines ; and I earnestly commend this subject to your consideration. APPENDIX D. 227 WEST VIRGINIA. Suuracnon. West Virginia. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN J. JACOB. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, December i, 1873. GENTLEMEN OF THE SENATE AND OF THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES: Under the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, entitled "An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, in the year 1876," the President of the United States was authorized to appoint, upon the nominations of the Governors of the re- spective States, one Commissioner and one Alternate for each State. For this State I nom- inated in September, 1871, the Hon. A. R. Boteler, of Jefferson, as Commissioner, and A. J. Sweeney, Esq., of Wheeling, as Alternate, and they were subsequently appointed by the President. Commissioners and Alternates were in like manner appointed for the other States and Territories. And I am much gratified to know that the two gentlemen who were appointed on behalf of this State have taken a leading and active part in the Commission of which they are honored members. The Commission thus constituted has organized and commenced operations by devising plans for this Centennial Exhibition of 1876 on a scale of magnificence commensurate with the glory and growth of our grand Republic. In this grand Exhibition, which is intended at once to celebrate the Anniversary of our Inde- pendence as a nation, and our progress as a people in arts, in manufactures, in agriculture, and in mining, it is most desirable that West Virginia may occupy no mean position. With the view of having the State handsomely represented in her products at this Exhibition, Mr. Boteler recommends the appointment of agents on the part of the State, whose duty it shall be to visit every county of the State and collect together articles suitable for exhibition. The communication of Colonel Boteler I transmit herewith ; it presents in handsome terms the objects and purposes of the Centennial Exhibition. I also transmit a communication of the Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director-General of the United States Centennial Commission, in which he recommends the appointment of State Boards in each State, whose duty shall be to procure " representations of the natural resources and industrial progress of the State." I earnestly recommend that you authorize either the appointment of a " State Board," as suggested by Mr. Goshorn, or State agents, as advised by Colonel Boteler. The letter of Colonel Boteler so strongly presents the necessity of some action on* the part of the State that I deem it unnecessary to press the subject further upon your attention. JOHN J. JACOB. SHEPHERDSTOWN, JEFFERSON COUNTY, W. VA., November i, 1873. To HIS EXCELLENCY JOHN J. JACOB, Governor of IVest Virginia : DEAR SIR, By to-day's express I have the pleasure of sending you a box containing folio photographs of all the various plans, with their accompanying estimates and explana- tions, which have been submitted for the proposed Centennial Exhibition buildings at Philadelphia, in 1876. In transmitting these copies to your Excellency for such disposition of them as you your- self may prefer, I take occasion respectfully to suggest that, in view of the grave importance of having the numerous natural resources and diversified industrial interests of our State fully and fitly represented at the approaching Centennial Exhibition, it will be necessary for the Legislature to authorize some suitable provision for that purpose at its present ses- sion, as only two years remain in which to make the preliminary arrangements for a proper display on that occasion of our products, arts, and industries. Apart from those patriotic considerations which it is hoped will enlist the hearty sym- pathy and support of every American citizen in behalf of an appropriate commemoration of 228 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Srate action the close of the first century of our national existence, to which the country is fully committed West Virginia. by the Act of - c ongress and the Proclamation of the President, it will be almost impossible to overestimate the positive and permanent benefits which West Virginia will derive from the contemplated Exhibition (which is to be the main feature of the Celebration), by making it the medium of proving to the world that the vast extent and variety of her undeveloped resources present extraordinary inducements for the introduction of foreign capital and for its profitable investment amongst us in every department of operative industry. The Ex- hibition will open on the nineteenth of April, the anniversary of Lexington, and close on the nineteenth of October, the anniversary of Yorktown. During the six months of its continuance, it is safe to say that it will be visited by ten millions of people, that being the number of visitors to the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1867. No such opportunity, therefore, has ever been offered or is likely again to occur for an effective display, under such favorable auspices, of the productive capabilities of our State, which need only to be widely known to be properly appreciated and promptly utilized, so that it will be worse than folly not to avail ourselves of it to our utmost ability. Whilst the Centennial Exhibition is designed chiefly to illustrate the growth of our country during the first hundred years of its independence, and to express its progress in all that benefits mankind under the fostering influences of its free institutions, it will not be merely an American display, but international and universal as well, to which the whole world has been formally invited to contribute in friendly competition. Your Excellency is aware that all the principal nationalities of Europe England, France, Russia, Prussia, Holland, Belgium, and Austria have held their grand Exhibi- tions, each increasing in interest and importance over its predecessor, and all constantly crowded when open with intelligent and inquiring observers from every quarter of the globe. You know what vast resources and boundless wealth have been put in requisition to make them useful and attractive ; how, besides the natural products of the earth, the creations of inventive genius, the discoveries of science, the achievements of mechanism, the triumphs of art, and, in short, everything that could show improvement in the world- wants, which could lessen labor of human hands and lighten the load on human hearts, have been brought together on those occasions, which the highest nobility have esteemed it an honor to be permitted to manage, and which have always been inaugurated with gorgeous ceremonies' under the immediate patronage of majesty itself. In the field of these world- dazzling demonstrations the United States is about to enter the lists and compete for the palm of supremacy. The contest will not be alone between the great old empires of Europe and the youngest born of nations, but also between the rival forms of their Governments; so that if the Centennial Celebration of 1876 shall be pronounced a failure, the American Republic will fall in the estimation of mankind, and monarchies be proclaimed the form of government that calls forth the energies and develops the highest capabilities of a people. There is, consequently, every incentive to make our International Exhibition creditable to our country, instructive to our people, attractive to the world, and in every way worthy of the great event it is intended to commemorate. The continent is beginning to stir with the busy notes of preparation. The national Congress, the President and his Cabinet, the Legislatures of thirty States, the leading cities, prosperous towns, and lonely villages have already taken action in the premises, and it now becomes a question of pressing importance what part will West Virginia be prepared to take in the proposed commemorative Exhibition of 1876. Entertaining, as I do, implicit confidence in the patriotism, intelligence, and public spirit of the people of my native State, I have no fear of their failing to avail themselves of the opportunities of the occasion, and of their contributing to the West Virginia compart- ments of the Centennial buildings very many most valuable and interesting evidences of their skill, taste, and enterprise. But it will not do in this important matter to rely exclu- APPENDIX D. 229 sively upon the unaided and unorganized efforts of our fellow-citizens, who have the same State action, facilities of intercommunication as the people of the States of the Union. Wcst Vlr * inia - I, therefore, most respectfully submit to your Excellency the policy and propriety of your bringing this subject to the attention of the Legislature for such action as, in the judgment of its members, may best promote the interests and honor of our State in connection with the Centennial. My own idea is that at least a sufficient appropriation should be made to secure the services of one or two competent and energetic agents, whose duty it shall be to visit every county in the State for the purpose of procuring therefrom suitable specimens of their respective minerals, timber, and other natural products, which should be properly prepared for the Exhibition, to be accompanied by concise statistical explanations in pam- phlet form for gratuitous distribution. The specimens thus obtained from our fields, fruits, mines, and mountains can be re- claimed after the close of the Exhibition as the property of the State, and, if deposited in the Capitol, or in the cabinet of our University, would constitute a most valuable collection for future reference, in which the resources of each county would appear and make their own appeal to the spectator in a more forcible and satisfactory mode than mere words could do. Knowing the interest that your Excellency feels in the success of the Centennial, and how solicitous you are that West Virginia shall not be behind her sister States in making a creditable and characteristic display upon the occasion, I offer no apology for troubling you with this communication. I am, with sincere regard, most respectfully your obedient servant, ALEXANDER R. BOTELER. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERN R JOHN J. JACOB. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, CHARLESTON, February 8, 1875. GENTLEMEN OF THE SENATE AND OF THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES : The International Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia in 1876, to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence, must awaken a lively interest in all parts of the Union. This Exhibition will open before the meeting of the next Legis- lature, and therefore it is of prime importance that some action should be taken at the present session providing for the part that West Virginia is to take in this magnificent dis- play of the productions of the civilized world. I believe it would cause great regret and mortification among our people if the State should fall behind our sister States in this Exhi- bition merely for the want of timely preparation. I have, therefore, felt it to be my duty to call your attention to the subject, trusting that it may be your pleasure to take prompt action in the premises. I transmit herewith a copy of a communication addressed to me by the Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director-General of the Centennial Commission, and invite special attention to his views. I also refer you to a special message and the accompanying correspondence made to the last Legislature, December I, 1873; il ma 7 be found in House Journal, page 333. These papers will explain the objects to be gained by legislation. If it should be your pleasure to adopt the suggestions made in them, I recommend that you either make a special appropriation or authorize the Civil Contingent Fund to be used, to a limited extent, to meet expenses necessarily incident to any plan that you may adopt. JOHN J. JACOB. 230 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. EXTRACT FROM THE ANNUAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN J. West Virginia. JACOB. November 10, 1875. During your last session I made a communication to you in relation to the Centennial Exhibition to be held in Philadelphia, recommending suitable action on your part looking to a proper representation of the State in this great enterprise. The Senate passed a bill on this subject, but it was not reached in the House. A State Board of Managers, recently appointed, have been actively engaged in the effort to awaken public interest in the matter, and in securing specimens from all parts of the State for exhibition. They have without compensation or the expectation of compensation very intelligently and energetically per- formed their duties. But expense must necessarily be incurred ; a secretary must be em- ployed, freights paid, besides other items of outlay. A very large number of our citizens will visit the Exhibition, and the Board of Managers propose to erect on the grounds a temporary building as " headquarters" for all citizens of the State ; a place where they can procure without cost all information which strangers in a great crowd of people so much need. I deem no argument on my part necessary to show the importance of making an appropriation adequate to the wants to be supplied, as I feel assured that you are in sym- pathy with me in this undertaking. From year to year we devote a very large portion of the revenue to the education of the young, the care of the insane, to the deaf and dumb and blind, and to the restraint and punishment of criminals. It will be a small concession to the farmer, the mechanic, the manufacturer, and the miner, to the active energetic classes who create the wealth of the State and pay the taxes in this our Centennial year, to make an appropriation that will inure to their benefit. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF WEST VIRGINIA. Approved December 14, 1875. 1. That there shall be a State Board of Centennial Managers, consisting of the United States Centennial Commissioners for the State of West Virginia and five persons appointed by the Governor of the State, who shall fill any vacancy that may occur in said Board. 2. That the Board shall appoint one or more persons in each county of the State for the purpose of collecting materials for exhibition at the Centennial Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia in 1876; and it shall cause to be printed such proper blanks and circulars as maybe necessary for instruction and guidance in collecting and forwarding specimens, employ agents to classify, arrange, and prepare for exhibition all materials, whether natural, scientific, or mechanical, which may be available for, and significant of, the resources of West Virginia, and do all things which, in the judgment of the Board, may best serve to promote the interests of the State at the Centennial. 3. That the sum of twenty thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated to carry out the provisions of this Act, to be drawn by order of, and disbursed by the Gov- ernor to the said State Board of Centennial Managers, on its requisition, for the defraying of the actual expenses incurred by it ; Provided, that all bills and accounts before paid shall be audited and approved by the Governor. 4. That the said State Board of Centennial Managers shall render an account of their disbursements of the money so drawn by them to the Governor, as provided for in the last section, who shall report to the next Legislature. 5. This Act shall take effect from its passage. APPENDIX D. 231 SPECIAL MESSAGE OK GOVERNOR JOHN J. JACOB. Sute action. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, February 9, 1877. GENTLEMEN OF THE SENATE AND OF THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES: I respectfully transmit herewith the report of the State Board of Centennial Managers, showing the operations and expenditures of the Board. The total amount of expenditures was $21,033.55, but there was realized from the sale of the building and furniture, etc., $1362.02; consequently, of the appropriation of $20,000 the sum of $19,687.53 was drawn out of the treasury, leaving a balance of $312.47 unexpended. I also submit a list of the requisitions made on this appropriation, together with the vouchers for the same. The report of the Board is so full and concise that little remains to be said by me. The Cen- tennial Managers freely gave their time and valuable services to the State without com- pensation. The very short time given them to prepare for the great Exhibition required promptness, energy, and activity; and so well did they discharge their duties, that in point of substantial merit no State in the Union was better represented than West Virginia. Some other States made more ambitious and attractive displays, but none excelled, and few equaled, our own State in the exhibition of the solid and substantial elements of wealth. I am well satisfied that the position which the State took in this Exhibition will result in marked benefit to the State ; probably the same amount of money could not have been expended in any other way so advantageously. The Board of Managers recommend that provision be made for a geological survey of the State. I heartily concur in the recommendation. Our greatest sources of wealth are to be found beneath the surface of the soil, and I know not how the public interests can be better promoted than by such a survey made by scientific men. The condition of the reve- nue will not permit it for the present, but suitable provision might be made for future operations in this direction. JOHN J. JACOB. WISCONSIN. Wisconsin. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF WISCONSIN. Approved March 3, 1875. The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Whereas, By an Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, provision was made for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding in the City of Philadelphia, in 1876, an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and the Products of the Soil and Mine of this country, in comparison with the products of older nations; and Whereas, A Centennial Commission, consisting of representatives from each State and Territory, was authorized to be appointed to carry out the provisions of this Act ; and WJiereas, That Commission has made progress with the preparation for an International Exhibition, to open on the loth day of May, 1876, and to close on the loth day of Novem- ber in the same year ; and WJiereas, The President of the United States, by proclamation, on the 4th day of July, 1873, announced the Exhibition and National Celebration, and commended them to the people of the United States and of all nations; and WJiereas, A large number of foreign Governments have signified their intention to par- ticipate in the Exhibition ; and Whereas, It is deemed essential that Wisconsin, with its vast resources in agricultural, mineral, lumbering, manufacturing, and other products and industries, should be fully represented in such industrial Exhibition; 232 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. SECTION I. The Governor of the State of Wisconsin is hereby authorized and requested Wisconsin. to a pp O i n t a Board of State Centennial Managers, to consist of five persons. That the United States Centennial Commissioner and the United States Alternate Centennial Com- missioner shall be ex-offido members of the said Board of State Centennial Managers hereby created, in addition to the five persons authorized to be appointed. SEC. 2. The duties of the said Board of State Centennial Managers shall be : To dissem- inate information regarding the Exhibition ; to secure the co-operation of industrial, scien- tific, agricultural, and other associations in the State ; to appoint co-operative local com- mittees, representing the different industries of the State; to stimulate local action on all measures intended to render the Exhibition successful, and a worthy representation of the industries of the country; to encourage the production of articles suitable for the Exhibi- tion; to distribute documents issued by the Centennial Commission among manufacturers and others in the State ; to render assistance in furthering the financial and other interests of the Exhibition; to furnish information to the Commission on subjects that may be referred to the Board; to care for the interests of the State and of its citizens in matters relating to the Exhibition ; to receive and pronounce upon applications for space ; to apportion the space placed at its disposal among the exhibitors from the State, and to supervise such other details relating to the representation of citizens of Wisconsin in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United States Centennial Commission. SEC. 3. The Board of State Centennial Managers hereby created shall meet on the first Wednesday in April, 1875, at the Capitol, in Madison, and organize by electing one of its members President of the Board, and by the election of a Secretary and such other officers, and by the adoption of such by-laws and regulations for its government as may be deemed necessary for the successful prosecution of the work committed to its charge. SEC. 4. The members of the Board of State Centennial Managers provided for in the first section of this Act shall receive from the State no compensation for their services. The expenses necessarily incurred in the discharge of the duties imposed on said Board of State Centennial Managers in the transaction of its business, procuring printing, etc., shall be paid by the State, to an amount not exceeding two thousand dollars. No account shall be allowed and paid until an itemized bill shall be presented to the Secretary of State, and by him examined; and if in his estimation the expenditures charged for are just, reasonable, and proper, he shall audit such account, and draw his warrant upon the State Treasurer for the payment of the same. SEC. 5. There is hereby appropriated out of any money in the State treasury, not other- wise appropriated, a sufficient sum to pay the drafts provided for in the preceding section of this Act; Provided, however, that the whole amount drawn under the provisions of this Act shall not exceed two thousand dollars. SEC. 6. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication. Approved March 3, 1875. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR HARRISON LUDINGTON. January 13, 1876. You will recognize the importance of providing for the adequate representation of Wisconsin at the Centennial Exhibition, which is to take place at Philadelphia during the present year, both as a matter of State pride and for more substantial considerations. The occasion will afford an excellent opportunity to display the resources and products of the State, and to attract hither capital and immigration. Nearly all of the States have appro- priated liberal sums for the purpose, and Wisconsin should be creditably represented, or not at all. I submit to your generosity and patriotism to appropriate such an amount as shall seem to you to be sufficient, to be placed in the hands of the State Board of Centennial Managers, leaving it to them to determine how it shall be expended. APPENDIX D. 233 ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF WISCONSIN. State action. Wisconsin. Approved March 3, 1876. The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : SECTION I. There is hereby appropriated to the use of the State Board of Centennial Managers, out of any money in the general fund not otherwise appropriated, the sum of twenty thousand dollars, to be drawn from the State treasury on the proper draft or voucher of said State Board of Centennial Managers, as the same may be from time to time needed for the purpose of arranging for and making a proper exhibition of the products, resources, and advantages of the State at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, from May 10 to November 10, 1876. The Stale Treasurer of the State of Wisconsin is hereby made ex officio a member of said State Board of Centennial Managers and the Treasurer thereof, and in no event shall the State be liable for expenditures incurred in behalf of said Exhibi- tion to a greater amount than has been, and is here, appropriated ; Provided, that no pur- chase shall be made for the said Exhibition on behalf of the State, by the said Board of Centennial Managers, without the same being first approved by the Governor; Provided further, that all accounts shall require the approval of the Governor before presentation for payment. SEC. 2. It shall be the duty of the said Board of Managers to securely keep, and safely return to the State of Wisconsin, all articles that may be purchased or procured by said Board and taken from the State for such Exhibition, to be deposited in such departments of the State Capitol or other public buildings as the Legislature of 1877 may direct. The Superintendent of Public Property shall receive, receipt for, and safely keep, all articles so returned, subject to the disposition of the said Legislature of 1877. SEC. 3. The said Board of Centennial Managers shall make a detailed report to the Legislature of 1877 of all expenditures incurred under the provisions of this Act, and file all accounts, vouchers, records, and papers connected with their management, as soon after the loth day of November, 1876, as possible, in the office of the Secretary of State. Said Boa'rd of Centennial Managers shall also report to the Legislature of 1877 a full and com- plete list of the articles taken or exhibited at the said Exhibition from Wisconsin, and returned to the State as in this Act provided. SEC. 4. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication. DAKOTA. Dakota PROCLAMATION OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. PENNINGTON. February 16, 1874. Whereas, By an Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, provision is made for the national celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States, by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine ; and a proclamation was issued by the President July 4, 1873, announcing the Exhibition and National Celebration, commending them to the people of the United States and of all nations ; And whereas, The Act of Congress provided for the organization of the United States Centennial Commission, " whose duty it shall be to prepare and superintend the execution of a plan for holding the Exhibition;" And whereas, Upon the nomination of the Governors, the President has appointed Com- missioners for the several States and Territories, Hon. George A. Batchelder having been appointed Commissioner, and Hon. Solomon L. Spink, Alternate, for Dakota; 234 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. And tv7iereas, In a circular issued by Commissioner A. T. Goshorn, Director-General of said International Exhibition, at Philadelphia, November, 1873, apian of State and Ter- ritorial organization is recommended as follows : " To provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and to organize a uniform system to this end throughout the United States, the several States and Territories are invited and recommended to appoint, as early as possible, State Centennial Managers, not exceeding five in number. They should be selected entirely with regard to their familiarity with the resources, arts, and products of their State, their business experi- ence, and executive skill. The State Managers, with the United States Commissioners and Alternate Commissioners, shall constitute the State Board of Centennial Managers for each State and Territory. " On the State Board will devolve all the responsibility of organizing its State or Terri- tory, and of securing its thorough representation in the Exhibition. It will have to care for the interests of its own State and of its citizens in matters relating to the Exhibition ; to disseminate information about it; to issue invitations to participate; to receive and pro- nounce upon applications for space ; to apportion the space placed at its disposal among the exhibitors from its State ; and to supervise such other details relating to the representation of its^citizens in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United States Centennial Commission. It is of extreme importance that the State Boards shall be organized and at work at the earliest day possible. It is hoped that all may have been appointed before April I, 1874;" And whereas, It is desirable that in accordance with the above recommendation a Board be appointed and organized to superintend the interests of Dakota in the said Inter- national Exhibition without delay; and as there will be no session of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory until December, 1874; now, therefore, I, John L. Pennington, Governor of the said Territory of Dakota, do appoint and proclaim Hon. F. J. Dewitt, Yankton County ; Hon. E. W. Miller, Union County ; Hon. A. F. Shaw, Minnehaha County ; Hon. Walter J. S. Trail, Grand Forks County ; Hon. W. A. Burleigh, Bon Homme County; as constituting the said Territorial Board, and do enjoin upon them a speedy organization for the purposes contemplated by their appoint- ment. And it will be the pleasure of the Executive, as he will deem it to be his duty, to lay the subject before the Legislative Assembly of the Territory, at its next session, and recom- mend that such appropriation be made as will enable the Commissioners and State Board to render the part taken by them in this great National Exhibition creditable, both to them- selves and to the people of the Territory whom they represent. In testimony whereof I have signed my name, and caused to be affixed hereunto the Great Seal of the Territory of Dakota. Done at Yankton, the capital of said Territory, this sixteenth day of February, [SEAL.] in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four. JOHN L. PENNINGTON, Governor of Dakota Territory. OSCAR WHITNEY, Secretary. MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. PENNINGTON. December 7, 1874. The Centennial Exhibition, which it is proposed to hold in Philadelphia in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, to celebrate and commemorate the one hundredth anni- versary of American Independence, is attracting the attention not only of the entire people of our own country but of all the civilized nations of the world, and it is expected that all the Christian powers of the earth will be represented in this great jubilee on the occasion of this first Centennial Anniversary of the freest and greatest nation of the earth. APPENDIX D. 235 While we cannot expect to compete with the States, or even with the older Territories, State action, in contributions to that vast collection, still we can contribute something, and I imagine that every patriot Dakotian will desire that there be a Dakota department in this greatest of all world's exhibitions. Impresssecl that such would be the wishes of our people, and in obedience to an invi- tation by the Commissioners of the Centennial Exhibition to all the States and Territories to appoint a Board of Managers, not to exceed five in number, to represent the interests of their respective constituencies in the said Exhibition, I appointed, by proclamation, on the 1 6th day of February, 1874, Hon. F. J. Dewitt, Hon. E. W. Miller, Hon. A. F. Shaw, Hon. Walter J. S. Trail, and Hon. W. A. Burleigh to constitute the said Board for this Territory. I respectfully request that your honorable body recognize this Board of Managers, and clothe them with all the necessary authority to co-operate with the Commissioners appointed by the President of the United States in giving Dakota a respectable representation in this great International Exhibition. PROCLAMATION OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. PENNINGTON. TERRITORY OF DAKOTA, EXECUTIVE OFFICE, YANKTON, March 6, 1876. The following letter, resolutions, and proceedings of the United States Centennial Com- mission, requesting the Executive of this Territory to appoint suitable persons to prepare addresses, etc., have been received at this Department, and, together with the appointments hereinafter made, are published for the information of the public : INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. " UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, "PHILADELPHIA, February 21, 1876. " SIR, I have the honor to inclose herewith copy of a resolution adopted by the United States Centennial Commission at the session held in Philadelphia, May 21, 1875. " Should your Excellency take any action thereon, I respectfully request to be informed at your earliest convenience, to enable me to lay the information before the Executive Com- mittee at its meeting on March 22 next. " I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, " J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. " HON. J. L. PENNINGTON, Governor, Yankton, Dakota. "EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES. " Friday, May 21, 1875. " Mr. Coldwell, of Tennessee, submitted the following resolution, recently adopted by the State Commission of Tennessee : "Resolved, That this Commission, appointed by the Governor of Tennessee and now organized and in session, recommend to the National Centennial Commission to designate and set apart a particular day during the Exhibition on which each State shall be heard through its chosen representatives, to be appointed by the Governor of the State, in an address on the history and growth of the State in wealth, population, etc., embracing agri- cultural, manufacturing, mineral, and other statistics of the State, to the end that these addresses maybe published together in book form, for distribution in the United States and foreign countries, and that the Hon. Thomas H. Coldwell be requested to bring the matter before the Commission, at Philadelphia, at its next meeting. 236 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State action. " Mr. Coldwell moved that it be referred to a committee of three. Agreed to. Dakota. -p^g Qjair announced the Committee to consist of Messrs. Prosser, of Tennessee ; Atwood, of Wisconsin ; and Cleveland, of New Jersey. " Mr. Prosser, of Tennessee, from the Committee to whom was referred the resolution recommending the setting apart days for the several States, submitted the following report : "The Committee to whom was referred the resolution offered by Mr. Coldwell, of Ten- nessee, beg leave to report that they have considered the same, and unanimously recom- mend that the Exeutive Committee be requested to carry out the object of the resolution, and that the Governors of the respective States and Territories be invited to appoint suitable persons to prepare addresses, and that appropriate days may be set apart during the term of the Exhibition for the delivery of the said addresses. "W. F. PROSSER, "DAVID ATWOOD, " O. CLEVELAND, Committee. " The report was accepted and adopted." Recognizing the importance of having full and correct reports of the resources and advantages of this Territory prepared, to be delivered in an address or in addresses before the Centennial Exhibition, and to be embraced in the book referred to in the resolution, to be published for distribution in the United States and foreign countries ; I have, therefore, in pursuance of, and in compliance with, the foregoing resolution of the United States Centennial Commission, appointed as a commission to prepare and deliver addresses during the International Exhibition, on the history and growth of Dakota in wealth, population, etc., embracing agriculture, manufacturing, mineral, educational, and other statistics of the Territory, the following-named persons: Hon. S. L. Spink, Hon. George H; Hand, Hon. M. K. Armstrong, Hon. F. J. Cross, and General W. H. H. Beadle. Done at Yankton, the capital of the said Territory, this the sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. JOHN L. PENNINGTON. By the Governor: GEO. H. HAND, Secretary of the Territory. [NOTE. It is possible that executive or legislative action took place in other States than those named in the foregoing Appendix. The Governors of all the States and Terri- tories were requested to furnish information of the kind above given. No reply, however, was received from the Governors of California, Missouri, Nebraska, Tennessee, Utah, and Wyoming.] APPENDIX E. APPENDIX E. ACTION OF MUNICIPAL AND CORPORATE BODIES. Muiapd action. ' Philadelphia. CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. MEMORIAL TO CONGRESS. February 24, 1870.- MEMORIAL OF THE SELECT AND COMMON COUNCILS OF PHILADELPHIA, THE FRANK- LIN INSTITUTE OF PENNSYLVANIA, AND THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTA- TIVES OF PENNSYLVANIA, FOR THE APPROPRIATE CELEBRATION OF THE CENTEN- NIAL ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE AT PHILADELPHIA, JULY 4, 1876. To THE HONORABLE THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES: The Declaration of Independence having been written and signed by its patriotic authors in Philadelphia, and its promulgation to the world first made in that city, and as the Cen- tennial Anniversary of that memorable and decisive epoch in our country's history is nearly approaching, it behooves the people of the United States to prepare for its celebration by such demonstrations and appropriate ceremonies as may become a nation so rapidly risen from struggling infancy to a position of power and prosperity as at once to command the respect of all Governments and the admiration of the world. In order, therefore, to stimulate a pilgrimage to the Mecca of American nationality, the home of American independence, on an occasion so worthy of commemoration, it has been wisely suggested that prominent amongst the features for celebrating our One Hundredth Anniversary there should be an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Pro- ducts of the Soil and Mine, as thereby we may illustrate the unparalleled advancement in science and art, and all the various appliances of human ingenuity for the refinement and comfort of man, in contrast with the meagre achievements of a century past. For the fulfillment of this, where so fitting a spot as the cradle of our country's liberty, or when the time as on the Centennial Anniversary of the year her freedom had its birth ? In furtherance of an undertaking truly national in its character and so commendable in spirit, the Councils of the City of Philadelphia, the Board of Managers of the Frank- lin Institute, and the Legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania have each ap- pointed committees, who, clothed with authority to act from the bodies they represent, respectfully solicit Congress by its action to recognize the fact that the City of Philadelphia is, and of right should be, the place to hold, and that the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six would be the time to inaugurate, an Exhibition of the industry of all nations. When such action as your wisdom may deem proper shall have been taken in order to 238 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Municipal action. Philadelphia. place the grand design under your fostering care and control, it is hoped the President of the United States will be authorized in due time to invite the participation of all Govern- ments. Respectfully submitted. A. H. FRANCISCUS, WM. BUMM, GEO. W. PLUMLY, DANIEL P. RAY, J. C. GILBERT, M.D., JOHN J. HARGADON, LOUIS WAGNER, President Common Council, E. A. SHALLCROSS, JOHN COCHRAN, SAMUEL G. KING, GEORGE A. SMITH, GEORGE J. HETZELL, THOMAS A. BARLOW, SAML. W. CATTELL, President of Select Council. R. W. SHIELDS, GEORGE W. NICKELS, A. KLINE, GEO. W. HALL, JOHN BARDSLEY, JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Chairman, Committee of the Select and Common Councils of Philadelphia. FRED. FRALEY, B. H. MOORE, ENOCH LEWIS, J. VAUGHAN MERRICK, WM. SELLERS, Chairman. Committee of Franklin Institute. A. WILSON HENSZEY, ARTHUR G. OLMSTEAD, CHARLES R. BUCKALEW, CHARLES H. STINSON, Speaker of the Senate. ALEXANDER ADAIRE, T. B. SCHNATTERLY, R. JOHNSTON, Chairman, BUTLER B. STRANG, Speaker of the House. JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Chairman of Joint Committees. Attest: BENJAMIN H. HAINES, Clerk of Select Council of Philadelphia and of the Joint Committees. PHILADELPHIA, February 24, 1870. ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Approved October 30, 1871. AN ORDINANCE to provide for the first meeting and organization of the United States Cen- tennial Commission, and to make an appropriation therefor. SECTION i. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain, That the Commissioners appointed under the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, entitled " An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Inde- pendence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," be, and they are hereby, requested to meet in the City of Philadelphia on the fourth day of March, A.D. 1872, for the purpose of organizing, carrying out the second section of said Act, and such other business as they may deem advisable. SEC. 2. That the Centennial Committee of the City of Philadelphia shall cause a copy of the foregoing report and this ordinance to be forwarded to the Commissioners of each State and Territory, and to the Executive of each State and Territory who has not yet made such appointment, together with a copy of the Act of Congress. SEC. 3. That said Committee is also hereby authorized and directed to make the neces- sary arrangements for carrying out this Ordinance, and the sum of twenty-rive thousand dollars shall be appropriated out of the income of the City of Philadelphia for the year 1872 to defray the expenses thereof. APPENDIX E. 239 All bills to be approved by said Committee, and the warrants therefor to be drawn by Municipal the Mayor. actlon - HENRY HUHN, President of Common Council. SAMUEL W. CATTELL, President of Select Council. Attest: BENJAMIN H. RAINES, Clerk of Select Council. Approved this thirtieth day of October, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one (A.D. 1871). DANIEL M. FOX, Mayor of Philadelphia. OFFICE OF THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. October 30, 1871. This certifies that the foregoing Ordinance, entitled " An Ordinance to provide for the first meeting and organization of the United States Centennial Commission, and to make an appropriation therefor," is a true copy, of said Ordinance as passed by the Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia, and this day approved by me. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and the seal of the City of Phila- [SEAL.] delphia the day and year aforesaid. DANIEL M. FOX, Mayor of Philadelphia. LETTER OF PHILADELPHIA CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE TO U. S. CEN- TENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. SELECT COUNCIL CHAMBER, PHILADELPHIA, November 15, 1871. DEAR SIR, I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of the Act of Congress en- titled " An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year 1876," together with copies of a report of the Centennial Committee of the Councils of Phila- delphia, and an Ordinance of the city, approved by the Mayor October 30, 1871, entitled " An Ordinance to provide for the first meeting and organization of the United States Cen- tennial Commission, and to make an appropriation therefor."* In this connection, I take the liberty of stating that the local Committee of the city have taken such preliminary steps as seemed advisable for placing in as forward a condition as possible the arrangements for this great event, with a view of submitting the result of their labors to the United States Commissioners when they assemble, should they desire the same; as to them the Act of Congress assigns the du y "to prepare and superintend the execution of a plan for holding the Exhibition." If there are any suggestions which you may think proper to make, the Committee will be greatly obliged if you will forward them to my address at your earliest convenience. Very respectfully your obedient servant, JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Chairman of the Philadelphia Centennial Committ f. To , United States Centennial Commissioner for [COPY OF REPORT.] PHILADELPHIA, October 26, 1871. To THE SELECT AND COMMON COUNCILS OF THK CITY OF PHILADELPHIA: GENTLEMEN, Your Committee on Centennial Celebration at this time respectfully beg leave to make the following report: Wiereas, By Act of Congress approved March 3, 1871, entitled " An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an In- * Sec foregoing Ordinance of October 30, 1871. 240 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Municipal ternational Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the p Ct ! on ' City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy- six, it is enacted in the second and third sections thereof as follows : " That a Commission, to consist of not more than one delegate from each State and from each Territory of the United States, whose functions shall continue until the close of the Exhibition, shall be constituted, whose duty it shall be to prepare and superintend the exe- cution of a plan for holding the Exhibition, and, after conference with the authorities of the City of Philadelphia, to fix upon a suitable site within the corporate limits of said city where the Exhibition shall be held. " That said Commissioners shall be appointed within one year from the passage of this Act by the President of the United States, on the nomination of the Governors of the States and Territories respectively." And whereas, A large majority of said Commissioners have been duly appointed, and the time designated for the completion of said Commission will have expired by the fourth day of March next; And as in the absence of any direct provision in said Act for their first meeting or organization, and expenses incident thereto, there should be some early and definite action on the part of the City ; Your Committee therefore, after frequent interviews with, and communications from, various members of the United States Commission, and in accordance with their express desire, respectfully submit the following Ordinance, and ask for its adoption/" JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Chairman, GEO. W. HALL, JOHN COCHRAN, JOSEPH S. ROBINSON, JOHN BARDSLEY, JOHN FAREIRA, JAMES B. ALEXANDER, GEO. W. NICKELS, S. G. KING, E. A. SHALLCROSS, HENRY HUHN, JOSEPH S. ALLEN, SAMUEL W. CATTELL, EGBERT K. NICHOLS, GEO. A. SMITH, ROBERT BRIGGS, JOHN J. HARGADON, HUGH McILVAIN, J. C. GILBERT, WILLIAM BUMM. ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Approved February 28, 1872. AN ORDINANCE to make an appropriation to pay the expenses of and incident to the first meeting and organization of the United States Centennial Commissioners. Whereas, By ordinance of the City of Philadelphia entitled " An Ordinance to provide for the first meeting and organization of the United States Centennial Commission," and to make an appropriation therefor, approved October 30, 1871, it is ordained as follows, to wit: SECTION I. 734* Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain, That the Commissioners appointed under the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, en- titled " An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," be and they are hereby requested to meet in the City of Philadelphia on the fourth day of March, A.D. 1872, for the purpose of organizing, carrying out the second section of said Act, and such other business as they may deem advisable. SEC. 2. That the Centennial Committee of the City of Philadelphia cause a copy of the * The Ordinance is that of October 30, 1871, printed above. APPENDIX E. 241 foregoing report and this Ordinance to be forwarded to the Commissioners of each State Municipal and Territory, and to the Executive of each State and Territory who has not yet made a } ctl such appointment, together with a copy of the Act of Congress. SEC. 3. That said Committee is also hereby authorized and directed to make the neces- sary arrangements for carrying out this Ordinance, and the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars shall be appropriated out of the income of the City of Philadelphia for the year 1872 to defray the expenses thereof; all bills to be approved by said Committee, and the warrants therefor to be drawn by the Mayor. And whereas, The requirements of the first and second sections of the above-recited Ordinance have been fully carried out and completed, and it is expected that said Commis- sion will meet in the City of Philadelphia on the fourth day of March, 1872; And whereas, The Ordinance above recited only pledges the faith of the city that an appropriation of twenty-five thousand dollars shall be made* to pay the necessary expenses of the contemplated first meeting of the United States Centennial Commissioners; now, therefore, SECTION I. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain, That the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated to defray the expenses of and incident to the first meeting and organization of the United States Centennial Commissioners ; all bills to be approved by the Joint Committee of Coun- cils on Celebration of Centennial Anniversary, and the warrants therefor to be drawn by the Mayor. LOUIS WAGNER, President of Common Council. W. E. LITTLETON, President of Select Council. Attest: JOSEPH II. PAIST, Assistant Clerk of Select Council. Approved this twenty-eighth day of February, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-two (A.D. 1872). WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philadelphia. ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Approved November 4, 1872. AN ORDINANCE to make an appropriation to pay the current and incidental expenses of the United Stales Centennial Commission, and for opening books of subscription in the several States and Territories, and organizing tht Centennial Board of finance. SECTION I. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain, That the sum of fifty thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated to pay the current and incidental expenses of the United States Centennial Commission, and for engraving, printing, and opening books of subscription in the several States and Territories anil for such other expenses as may be incurred by them in organizing the Centennial Board of Finance in accordance with the Act of Congress, the warrants to be drawn by the Mayor in accord- ance with existing Ordinances, upon a requisition therefor by Daniel J. Morrell, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission, accompanied by bills or vouchers attested by the Executive Commissioner and Secretary of said Commission, and approved by the said Daniel J. Morrell, Chairman, as aforesaid ; Provided ^ that not more than twenty thousand dollars of the appropriation hereby made shall be drawn from the treasury during the year 1872, and that no part of the appropriation made by this Ordinance shall merge. LO U I S W A G N E R , President of Common Council. W. E. LITTLETON, President of Select Ccuncil. Attest: BENJAMIN II. HAINES, Clerk of Select Council. Approved this fourth day of November, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- two (A.D. 1872). WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philadelphia. 16 242 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Municipal action. Philadelphia. ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Approved February 22, 1873. AN ORDINANCE to make an appropriation in aid of the Centennial Anniversary of American Independence. Whereas, The Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission has officially requested the State of Pennsylvania to make an appropriation of one million dol- lars, and the City of Philadelphia also to make an appropriation of half a million dollars, towards the erection of buildings for the Exhibition of 1876, in Fairmount Park. And the mass-meeting of Chairmen of the various Collection Committees of our city, composed as it was of many of our best citizens and tax-payers, has unanimously passed resolutions urging the immediate passage of such appropriations ; And whereas, The Commonwealth is about taking initiative measures to this end, it behooves its metropolis to assume promptly its share of responsibility ; therefore, SECTION i. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia pledges its faith to apply five hundred thousand (500,000) dollars, and hereby appropriates the same, as hereinafter provided, towards the erection of buildings in Fairmount Park for the National Exhibition to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of the nation, to be reimbursed out of a loan to be hereafter created, and to be paid out of the city treasury after compliance with the following provisions, to wit : In sums of fifty thousand dollars whensoever it shall be certified to the Mayor that the buildings for that purpose shall have been so far constructed in said Park as to be of double the cost and value of the installment demanded, and of any and all previous payments made in such behalf by the City of Philadelphia out of the appropriation hereby made, until such payments shall have amounted to the full sum hereby appropriated. SEC. 2. That the certificates for the basis of such payments shall be signed by the Chair- man of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission, the Presi- dent of the United States Centennial Board of Finance, and the Chief Engineer and Sur- veyor of the City of Philadelphia ; whereupon, if the Mayor of the city shall be satisfied with the report, he shall draw a warrant for such sum upon the City Treasurer of the Cen- tennial Board of Finance, as incorporated by the Act of Congress, approved June I, 1872. Provided, Before any payment shall be made out of the appropriation, the United States Centennial Commission and the Centennial Board of Finance shall enter into a contract with the City of Philadelphia that a permanent building, to cost not less than the sum of five hundred thousand dollars, shall be permitted to remain in said Park as the property of the City of Philadelphia, for the exhibition and preservation of such works of nature, art, and products of the soil and mine, and works of art applied to industry, copies of repro- ductions of articles of skill for the free education and enjoyment of the people of the nation after the year 1876, and for all time thei-eafter, under such rules and regulations as may from time to time be prescribed by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park. A. WILSON HENSZEY, President of Common Council. W. E. LITTLETON, President of Select Council. Attest: JOSEPH H. PAIST, Clerk of Select Council. Approved this twenty-second day of February, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-three (A.D. 1873). WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philadelphia. APPENDIX E. 243 ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Municipal Approved April 2, 1874. AN ORDINANCE to make an appropriation for the erection of buildings and machinery on the grounds to be used for the Centennial International Exhibition. SECTION I. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain, That the sum of one million dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated for the erec- tion of the following buildings in Fairmount Park, to be used at the Centennial Inter- national Exhibition in 1876, to wit : the sum of two hundred thousand dollars for the construction of a conservatory; the sum of eight hundred thousand dollars for the construc- tion of Machinery Hall. SEC. 2. That the said building shall be constructed under the supervision of the Mayor of the City of Philadelphia and the United States Centennial Board of Finance. SEC. 3. All warrants for the payment of moneys under this appropriation shall be drawn by the Mayor of the City of Philadelphia upon the certificate of the President of the said Board of P'inance ; Provided, that no greater sum in the aggregate than five hundred thousand dollars shall be expended during the year 1875; And provided further, that no amounts shall be drawn against said appropriation before the first day of April, A.D. 1875. A. WILSON HENSZEY, President of Common Council. R. W. DOWNING, President of Select Council. Attest : JOSEPH H. PAIST, Clerk of Select Council. Approved the second day of April, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-four (A.D. 1874). WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philadelphia. ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Approved October 18, 1876. AN ORDINANCE to authorize a certain transfer in an appropriation for the erection of buildings and machinery on the grounds to be used for the Centtnnial International Exhibition. SECTION I. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain. That the City Controller be authorized and directed to make the following transfer in " An Ordinance to make an appropriation for the erection of buildings and machinery on the grounds to be used for the Centennial International Exhibition," approved April 2, 1874, viz. : the sum of sixty-three thousand five hundred and seventy-three dollars and thirty- nine cents, from the amount appropriated for the construction of a Machinery Hall, and added to the amount appropriated for the construction of a Conservatory. JOSEPH L. CAVEN, President of Common Council. GEORGE A. SMITH, President of Select Council. Attest: JOSEPH H. PAIST, Clerk of Select Council. Approved this thirtieth day of October, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- six (A.D. 1876). WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philcuielphia. CITY OF WILMINGTON. ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. Passed April 8, 1875. AN ORDINANCE for the benefit of the United States Centennial international Exhibition. Whereas, By an Act of the General Assembly, entitled " An Act to further amend the Charter of the City of Wilmington," passed March 23, 1875, tne Mayor and Council of 244 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Municipal Wilmington was authorized, under an Ordinance of the City Council, to subscribe, appro- ^j| priate, and apply a sum or sums of money, not exceeding in the aggregate $5000, to the capital stock of the Centennial Board of Finance; And^uhereas, A just appreciation of the great event which said Exhibition is intended to commemorate, as well as a proper regard for the interests of this city, require that we should aid in the preparation and conduct of said Exhibition ; therefore, Be it ordained by the City Council of Wilmington : SECTION I. That the Finance Committee is hereby authorized and directed. to subscribe, in the name of the Mayor and Council of Wilmington, the sum of five thousand dollars to the capital stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, a corporation created by Act of Congress for the purpose of procuring the funds requisite for the United States Centennial International Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1876. SEC. 2. That the sum of five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated for the purpose aforesaid. Passed at the City Hall, April 8, 1875. J. HARRIS, President. WILLIAM S. HAYES, Clerk of City Council. This is to certify that the above is a correct copy of the record. WM. H. FOULK, Clerk of Council. February 13, 1877. APPENDIX F. Government Board. BOARD ON BEHALF OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. r Appointed in accordance with the Executive Order by the President, January 23, 1874.*] Colonel S. C. Lyford, Ordnance Corps, U. S. Army, Chairman of the Board, and Rep- resentative of the War Department at the Exhibition. Rear Admiral Thornton A. Jenkins, U. S. Navy, Representative of Navy Department. Hon. R. W. Tayler, First Comptroller Treasury, Representative of Treasury Depart- ment. Hon. John Eaton, Commissioner of Education, Representative of Interior Department. Dr. C. F. Macdonald, Superintendent Money Order Bureau, Representative of Post- Office Department. William Saunders, Superintendent Propagating Garden, Representative of Agricultural Department. Prof. S. F. Baird, Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution, Representative of Smith- sonian Institution, and Commissioner of American Food Fishes. William A. De Caindry, Secretary of the Board. * For the Executive Order, see Appendix C, page in. APPENDIX G. 245 APPENDIX G. STATE BOARDS OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS. [Appointed by the Governors for the management of State and Territorial exhibits.] ALABAMA. State Boards J. F. Milner, President, Montgomery. Peter Hamilton, Mobile. A. Cunningham, Talladega. J. M. Kennedy, Tuscaloosa, R. O. Pickett, Florence. Albert Strassburger, Montgomery. J. N. Hopkins, Secretary, Tucson. William J. Osborne, Tucson. ARIZONA. J. S. Vosburg, Tucson. John Wasson, Tucson. ARKANSAS. H. L. Fletcher, President, Little Rock. A. L. Breysacher, Little Rock. L. H. Roots, Little Rock. W. E. Woodruff, Jr., Little Rock, W. C. Stout, Lewisburg. D. A. Linthicum, Helena. Jacob Deeth. R. B. Redding. A. N. Towne. T. J. L. Smiley. Drury Malone. Jacob R. Snider. John G. Downey. George Q. Richmond, Pueblo. CALIFORNIA. James L. Ord. William Murray. Jacob R. Neff. B. M. Sergeant. J. L. Hebron. R. K. Porter. COLORADO. | Stephen Decatur, Georgetown. CONNECTICUT. Gov. Charles R. Ingersoll, New Haven. Nathaniel Wheeler, Bridgeport. Frederick J. Kingsbury, Waterbury. Ebenezer Learned, Norwich. Thomas L. Marlor, Brooklyn. Lyman W. Coe, Torrington. Burdett Loomis, Hartford. John E. Earle, New Haven. Thomas R. Pickering, Portland. F. J. Dewitt, Yankton. E. W. Miller, Union. A. F. Shaw, Minnehaha. DAKOTA. W.J. S. Trail, Grand Forks. W. A. Burlcigh, Bon Homme. 246 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State Boards. DELAWARE. Joseph P. Comegys, President, Dover. Leander F. Riddle, Secretary, Wilmington. Allen V. Lesley, New Castle. Charles Beasten, New Castle. John H. Bewley, Smyrna. Henry B. Tiddeman, Milford. John C. Causey, Milford. Charles H. Richards, Georgetown. Paynter Frame, Harbeson. A. V. Conover, St. Augustine. E. C. Howe, Key West. George E. Wentworth, Pensacola. FLORIDA. D. S. Wilkens, Tallahassee. W. S. Boyd, Jacksonville. Austin Savage, Boise City. J. C. Isaacs, Boise City. Cyrus Jacobs, Boise City. A. Rossi, Boise City. John Hailey, Boise City. Lafayette Castre, Boise City. IDAHO. Thomas Ranney, Boise City. Y. E. Logan, Boise City. W. J. Hill, Silver City. B. Wilson, Idaho City. John McNally, Rocky Bar. L. P. Brown, Mount Idaho. ILLINOIS. John P. Reynolds, President, Chicago. J. C. Smith, Secretary, Galena. Carlile Mason, Chicago. Francis Colton, Galesburg. Amos C. Spafford, Rockford. A. L. Roache, Chairman, Indianapolis. Thomas E. Garvin, Evansville. John Sutherland, La Porte. INDIANA. E. T. Cox, Secretary, Indianapolis. John S. Williams, La Fayette. S. Kirkwood, Des Moines. Alexander Shaw, Des Moines. William Christy. IOWA. B. R. Sherman. I. T. Young. KANSAS. George T. Anthony, President, Leaven- j Charles F. Koester, Marysville. worth. W. S. Parkinson, Vice- President, Ottawa. Alfred Gray, Secretary, Topeka. George W. Click, Treasurer, Atchison. T. C. Henry, Abilene. ! E. P. Bancroft, Emporia. | W. E. Barnes, Vineland. | R. W. Wright, Oswego. | John A. Martin, Atchison. ! George A. Crawford, Fort Scott. W. B. Machen, Eddyville. Clinton Griffith, Owenstown. James H. Bowden, Russelville. E. C. Hobson, Greensburg. E. D. Standiford, Louisville. KENTUCKY. J. C. Hughes, Florence. William Warfield, Lexington. Jennings Price, Lancaster. John Dishman, Barbourville. F. L. Cleveland, Augusta. APPENDIX G. 247 LOUISIANA. State Boards H. Bonzano, President, New Orleans. Edward C. Hancock, New Orleans. Charles \V. Roberts, Bangor. F. E. Shaw, Paris. Edwin Sprague, Rockland. Eflmgham Lawrence, Plaquemine Parish. MAINE. W. H. Simpson, Belfast. F. N. Dow, Portland. MASSACHUSETTS. Joseph H. Chadwick, Boston. Curtis Guild, Boston. Hocum Hosford, Lowell. C. E. Whitin, Whitinsville. George T. Plunkett, Hinsdale. Henry M. Phillips, Springfield, E. T. Miles, Fitchburg. J. H. Clement, Boston. Lewis N. Gilbert, Ware. Gov. John J. Bagley, Detroit. Henry Fralick, Grand Rapids. Jonathan J. Woodman, Paw Paw. Paris Gibson, Minneapolis. Pennock Pusey, St. Paul. John Savary, Wareham. William F. Whitney, Ashburnham. Chester Snow, Harwich. C. E. Yeomans, Westfield. S. B. Phinney, Barnstable. H. G. Knight, Easthampton. Harrison Tweed, Taunton. Edward W. Kinsley, Boston. A. L. Coolidge, Boston. MICHIGAN. I Merrill J. Mills, Detroit. I Jay A. Hubbell, Houghton. ! F. W. Noble, Secretary, Detroit. MINNESOTA. I Philip S. Harris, St. Paul. MISSISSIPPI. A. M. West, President, Holly Springs. H. W. Warren, Vice- President, Jackson. H. M. Street, Treasurer, Booneville. A. E. Lewis, Scranton. James A. Hoskins, Brookhaven. Frank Burkitt, Houston. J. L. Power, Secretary, Jackson. J. B. Yellowley, Madison Station. W. G. Paxton, Vicksburg. MISSOURI. Thomas Allen, President, St. Louis. J. F. Cook, LL.D., Lagrange. J. W. Harris, Rocheport. J. W. Strong, Vice- President, St. Joseph. P. Murphy, Goplin. J. L. Tracy, St. Louis. T. C. Power, Fort Bcnton. William Peck, Bannack. Armstrong & Co., Glendale. Mrs. S. B. Bovven, Bozeman. Daniel II. Wheeler, Plattsmouth. J. S. Morton, Nebraska City. W. D. Scott, Rulo. MONTANA. W. A. Clark, Deer Lodge. D. J. Welch, Missoula. J. A. Harding, Radersburg. T. E. Collins, Diamond. NEBRASKA. < ',.i\ C. Barton, North Platte. Charles F. Manderson, Omaha. 248 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. State Boards. NEVADA. C. C. Stevenson, President, Gold Hill. Thomas G. Taylor, Gold Hill. Robert Robinson, Hamilton. J. D. Sullivan, Eureka. H. H. Day, Pioche. F. R. Hall, lone. A. A. Curtis, Austin. John C. Fall, Unionville. H. M. Yerington, Carson City. H. F. Rice, Carson City. H. R. Whitehill, Carson City. B. F. Leete, Reno. J. R. Johnson, Genoa. Levi Wilsey, Elko. Jeremiah Miller, Columbus. B. P. Hazeltine, Columbus. NEW HAMPSHIRE. James A. Weston, Chairman, Manchester. Lewis W. Clark, Manchester. Mason W. Tappan, Bradford. Edward D. Baker, Claremont. James F. Briggs, Secretary, Manchester. George W. Riddle, Manchester. NEW JERSEY. Samuel C. Brown, President, Trenton. Edward Bettle, Camden. Henry L. Janeway, New Brunswick. John T. Bird, Flemington. Thomas N. Dale, Faterson. Sandford B. Hunt, Newark. Nathan W. Condict, Jersey City. Patrick T. Quinn, Secretary, Newark. Stephen B. Elkins, Washington, D. C. W. F. M. Amy, Secretary, Fort Defiance. Richard Hudson, Silver City. NEW MEXICO. W. G. Ritch, President, Santa Fe. Thomas S. Tucker, Treasurer, Santa F6. Jose D. Sena, Santa Fe. Alonzo B. Cornell, Ithaca, Tompkins Co. John Murdock, Elmira, Chemung Co. Jackson S. Schultz, New York City. Frank Leslie, New York City. NEW YORK. | Felix Campbell, Brooklyn. H. Havermeyer, New York City. Frederick A. Conkling, New York City. R. P. Ranny, President, Cleveland. Gov. Rutherford B. Hayes, Fremont. E. F. Noyes, Cincinnati. G. W. McCook, Steubenville. OHIO. Barnabas Burns, Mansfield. R. P. Buckland, Fremont. F. \V. Green, Secretary and Superintendent^ Cleveland. OREGON. Gov. L. F. Grover, ex-officio President, Salem. M. Wilkins, Willamette Forks. C. P. Burkhardt, Albany. Rev. E. R. Geary, Albany. W. H. Halsey, Portland. M. P. Deady, Portland. Rev. Thomas Condon, Eugene City. S. G. Reed, Portland. S. A. Clarke, Secretary, Salem. Morton McMichael, Philadelphia. Andrew G. Curtin, Bellefonte. John H. Shoenberger, Pittsburgh. PENNSYLVANIA. George Scott, Catawissa. Foster W. Mitchell, Franklin. James A. McCrea, Philadelphia. APPENDIX G. 249 John Gorham, Providence. Gov. Henry Lippitt, Providence. James Y. Smith, Providence. J. M. Saffbrd, Davidson Co. C. C. Giers, Davidson Co. J. T. Wilder, Hamilton Co. J. E. Preston, Marlin. E. L. Gregg, Rush. RHODE ISLAND. William Goddard, Providence. Rowland Hazard, Providence. John R. Bartlett, Providence. TENNESSEE. Joseph Barbiere, Shelby. George E. Purvis, Nashville. S. B. Lowe, Chattanooga. TEXAS. S. J. Adams, Dallas. State Boards. UTAH. William Jennings, President, Salt Lake City. Henry C. Goodspeed, Secretary, Salt Lake City. John T. Caine, Salt Lake City. Joseph R. Walker, Salt Lake City. George S. Prescott, Salt Lake City. Joseph S. Patterson. VERMONT. | P. P. Pitkin. VIRGINIA. John D. Imboden, President, Richmond. Marshall Parks, Norfolk. Samuel J. Moffitt, Harrisonburg. G. J. Wharton, Pulaski Co. Edward M. Pace, Danville. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. James S. Lawson, Olympia. Charles E. P. Wood, Port Discovery. Edward S. Kearney, Walla Walla. Henri M. Chase, Walla Walla. Philip Ritz, Walla Walla. O. C. Dewey, Wheeling. G. W. Franzheim, Wheeling. C. N. Beall, Bethany. WEST VIRGINIA. Thomas Maslin, Moorsfield. I. P. Hale, Charleston. WISCONSIN. J. B. Parkinson, President, Madison. Eli Stilson, Oshkosh. Adolph Meinecke, Milwaukee. J. I. Case, Racine. T. C. Pound, Chippewa Falls. W. W. Field, Secretary, Madison. J. R. Whitehead, Cheyenne. WYOMING. John Fosher, South Pass City. Stephen W. Downey, Laramie City. James France, Rawlins. J. II. Pynchou, Laramie City. J. A. Van Carter, Fort Bridget. 250 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. APPENDIX H. Acceptances by Foreign Governments. ACCEPTANCES BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. Argentine Republic. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. MINISTRY OF FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, BUENOS AYRES, January 22, 1874. MR. MINISTER, I have the honor to inform your Excellency that the Argentine Government accepts the invitation which that of the United States has been pleased to extend to it, through your Excellency, to take part in the Exhibition which is to be held at Philadelphia, and that a Commission has been appointed for this purpose, composed of the gentlemen whose names are mentioned in the decree, of which a copy is inclosed. The Argentine Government returns its sincere thanks to the Republic of the North for this attention, and in expressing the same, I am happy to reiterate to your Excellency the assurances of my highest and most distinguished consideration. C. TEJEDOR. To HIS EXCELLENCY GENERAL JULIUS WHITE, Minister Resident of the United States of North America, DECREE. BUENOS AYRES, November 24, 1875. The Government of the United States having invited that of the Republic to take part in the Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, which is to be held at Philadelphia in 1876, by way of celebrating the Centennial Anniversary of the Independence of said States ; since this evidence of sympathy should be given to the people and Government of that country in commemoration of an event so satisfactory to them, as also important to other nations, especially those which have adopted their institu- tions ; and since it will, moreover, promote the interests of the Republic to make known at that Exhibition the principal productions which constitute its wealth; The President of the Republic decrees : ART. i. The invitation of the Government of the United States to take part in the aforesaid Exhibition is accepted. 2. A Central Commission is hereby appointed, of which Mr. Ernest Oldendorff will be the presiding officer. The other members of the Commission will be Mr. Eduardo Olivera, Dr. Onesimo Leguiyamon, Dr. Diego de la Fuente, Mr. Lino Palacios, and Mr. Richard Newton, and it shall be the duty of said Commission to receive and forward to their 'destination such goods as are to be sent to the Exhibition in question. 3. The Governors of the provinces are instructed to appoint Commissions, each to con- sist of at least three members, whose duty it shall be, under the direction of the Central APPENDIX II. 251 Commission of this city, to receive and forward to it the productions of each province, for Accc uncc< the purpose aforesaid. by F orcign 4. The expense which may be rendered necessary by the execution of the present decree Government* shall be paid from the contingent fund, and further appropriations will be asked of the Ar R entinc Honorable Chambers, if larger expenditures shall be necessary. 5. Let it be communicated, published, and inserted in the R. N. SARMIENTO. [L. s.] ULADISLAS FRIAS. AUSTRIA. [TRANSLATION.] THE MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO MR. DELAPLAINE. VIKNNA, August 18, 1874. In response to the esteemed note dated i8th July, No. 273, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs has now the honor to respectfully communicate to Mr. John F. Delaplaine, Charge d' Affaires of the United States of America, that, although a numerous and proper repre- sentation of the domestic industry at the International Exhibition in Philadelphia is desirable, the Governments of both halves of the Empire are not in the position to officially take part in the Exhibition. It will be left to the private initiation (Privatinitiative} of the various manufacturers to address themselves to the forwarding of goods (Expedition), in which every possible assistance will be rendered to them on the part of both Governments. Requisite steps have already been taken for this purpose by the Ministries of Commerce. The undersigned Minister of the Imperial House and for Foreign Affairs, in begging leave to add in conclusion, that, judging from the applications thus far made, a lively par- ticipation of our manufacturers at the Exhibition in question may be anticipated, avails himself of this occasion to renew to Mr. Charge d'Affaires the assurance of his perfect consideration. For the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, ORCZY. To MR. J. F. DELAPLAINE, Charge d'Affaires of the United S/a/es of America. BELGIUM. [TRANSLATION.] MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, BRUSSELS, August 7, 1874. MR. MINISTER, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the letter which you were pleased to address me under date of the 2Qth of July last, inviting Belgium to take part in the World's Fair which is to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. The Government of the King, Mr. Minister, feels very grateful for this invitation, and I beg you to convey the expression of our gratitude to your Government. As soon as a decision shall have been reached in regard to the participation of Belgium in the enterprise in question, I shall hasten to inform you, Mr. Minister. 252 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Acceptances Be pleased to accept, Mr. Minister, the assurances of my most distinguished considera- by Foreign tion. Governments. COUNT D'ASPREMONT LYNDEN. Belgium. MR. RUSSELL JONES, etc., etc., etc. BRUSSELS. MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, BRUSSELS, January 26, 1875. MR. MINISTER, In the name of your Government you kindly invited Belgium to par- ticipate in the International Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. Referring to my letter of the 7th August last, I have the honor to inform you, that in answer to that invitation, the King, on the recommendation of the Minister of the Interior, has signed a decree appointing a Commission charged with the interests of Belgian ex- hibitors at the above-named Exhibition. You will find inclosed, Mr. Minister, a copy of the decree giving the composition of the Commission which will put itself in correspondence with the Direction of the Exposition. Receive, sir, the assurances of my most distinguished consideration. COUNT D' ASPREMONT LYNDEN. MR. RUSSELL JONES, etc., etc., etc., BRUSSELS. BOLIVIA. Bolivia. [TRANSLATION.] OFFICE OF THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, LA PAZ, February 16, 1875. SIR, I had the honor to receive your dispatch, No. 6, dated the ist of the present month, in which you acquaint my Government of the proposed International Centennial Exposition in the name of the United States, as authorized by resolution of Congress, to be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the year 1876. A printed copy of the Act of Congress authorizing the same, together with other inform- ation referring to it, also the regulations of the Exposition, came inclosed with the dispatch referred to. My Government gratefully acknowledges the courteous invitation which you extend in the name of your Government, and will be pleased to contribute to that generous mani- festation of industries projected under the patronage of North American nationality. A copy of your dispatch and the inclosures will be sent to the Honorable Minister of Industry, so as to prepare and expedite under his supervision in the least possible time and send to the Exposition Bolivian articles, which will be for the greater part specimens of mineral productions. I repeat to your Excellency the considerations of my highest regards, with which, I remain your complaisant and confiding servant, MARIANO BAPTISTA. To R. M. REYNOLDS, Minister Resident of the United Siaies. Brazil. BRAZIL. MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Rio DE JANEIRO, January 27, 1874. SIR, In addition to my note of the I7th of September last, I have the honor to com- municate to Mr. Richard Cutts Shannon, ChargS d' Affaires, ad interim, of the United States of America, that the Imperial Government has resolved to accept the polite invitation of the President of those States to take part in the International Exhibition which is to APPENDIX II. 2$$ be inaugurated on the igth April, 1876, at Philadelphia, on the occasion of the looth Acceptance* Anniversary of the Independence of the American Republic; and that in accordance with by Foreign that resolution circular instructions have just been issued by the Department of Agriculture, Government*. Commerce, and Public Works to the Presidents of the different provinces, directing them Brazil - to invite producers to appoint municipal Commissions. In making this communication I have the honor to renew to Mr. Shannon the assurances of my most distinguished consideration. V1SCONDE DE CARAVELLAS. To RICHARD CUTTS SHANNON, Charge d' Affaires of the United States. CIRCULAR INSTRUCTIONS ISSUED BY THE BRAZILIAN MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE, COM- MERCE, AND PUBLIC WORKS TO THE PRESIDENTS OF PROVINCES IN REGARD TO PREPARATIONS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT PHILADELPHIA IN 1876. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE, AND PUBLIC WORKS, Rio DE JANEIRO, December i, 1873. MOST ILLUSTRIOUS AND EXCELLENT SIR, The Imperial Government having resolved to take part in the Universal Exposition which will be inaugurated at Philadelphia on the occasion of the looth Anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of the United States of North America, and it being desirable that our leading agricultural products as well as those of our other industries may appear at that Exhibition, I recommend your Excellency so far as it may be in your power to invite the producers of your province to prepare themselves for that event. A Commission, which is to be appointed to take the direction of this matter, will have an understanding with your Excellency as to the proper methods for accomplishing the desired object. A credit will also be opened for the necessary expenses. With this view, it is desirable that your Excellency should appoint Commissions in the different municipalities of your province, to take whatever steps maybe necessary to secure products and specimens of our national industries, in order that Brazil may appear ad- vantageously in the projected Exposition. God guard your Excellency ! JOSE FERNANDES DA COSTA PEREIRA, JR. To ins EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT OF THE PROVINCE. CHILI. ohm. SANTIAGO, September 5, 1873. SENOR, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 3oth of August ultimo, in which you communicate information as to the holding of an Inter- national Exposition in the City of Philadelphia, beginning on the igth day of April, 1876, accompanied with copies of the printed proclamation of his Excellency the President of the United States, the rules and other documents explanatory of the objects of this grand Exhibition. My Government has received the invitation extended through you to participate in this great affair with much pleasure, and I assure you it will use every effort possible to induce our people to send their products and various articles of manufacture. Fur the accomplish- ment of this purpose, the documents you have sent us shall be placed in possession of the National Society of Agriculture, which will circulate the information therein contained as widely as possible, to the end that Chili may be represented in the Exposition. I embrace the present opportunity of renewing the sentiments of high consideration, with which I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, ADOLFO IHANEZ, Minister of Foreign Retatiom. To SENOR DON C. A. LOGAN, E. E. and M. P. of the United States. 254 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Acceptances by Foreign Governments. China. CHINA. FUNGCHI, 1 2th year, I2th moon, 25th day. (February II, 1875.) Prince Kung, Chief Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, herewith makes a com- munication in reply. I have received your Excellency's dispatch of the 28th ultimo, informing me that in July, 1876, will occur the Centennial Anniversary of the foundation of the United States as an independent nation, when there Avill be held a special Exhibition to commemorate the event; and expressing the hope that the Superintendents of Trade for the Northern and Southern ports may be directed to inform the mercantile, laboring, and artisan classes that they may forward to the Exhibition, under official supervision, the most remarkable specimens of what the earth produces, and the most perfect of manufactures. Your Excellency further incloses ten regulations and a supplementary minute, and says that all other regulations, etc., will be communicated from time to time as they may be finally determined upon, etc., etc. On receipt of this dispatch, the Foreign Office has taken measures to accede to this proposal, by directing the Northern and Southern Superintendents of Trade to instruct the officers under their jurisdiction to issue proclamations, fully informing all mercantile, artisan, and laboring classes of this Exhibition. It has further ordered the Inspector- General of Customs to select suitable officers as Commissioners to it. I therefore now make this reply for your Excellency's information. To S. WELLS WILLIAMS, ESQ., Charge d' Affaires of the United States. Colombia. COLOMBIA. [TRANSLATION.] OFFICE OF THE INTERIOR AND FOREIGN RELATIONS, BOGOTA, August 26, 1874. MR. MINISTER, I have the honor to answer the note of the I7th inst., by which it has pleased your Excellency, in obedience to instructions from your Government, to invite that of Colombia to take part in the International Exhibition which opens in Philadelphia in the year 1876. In a law passed by the Federal Congress of Colombia last year, and which takes effect the 1st of September proximo, the sum of $25,000 has been appropriated for the purpose of beginning the preparation of the effects with which this Republic should participate in the said International Exhibition, and the Executive power will declare opportunely all the necessary dispositions, to the end that Colombia may be represented in that concourse of civilized peoples. The friendly invitations by which the illustrious Government of the United States has honored that of Colombia, through the medium of its able and worthy representative in this city, is most cordially recognized and appreciated ; and it is very pleasing to me to reiterate to the Honorable Minister the assurances of my high consideration and Respect. JACOBO SANCHEZ. To THE HON. WILLIAM L. SCRUGGS, Minister Resident of the United States, etc., etc., etc. APPENDIX //. 255 DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, May 21, 1875. SIR, I have just had the pleasure to receive from my colleague, the Minister of the Denmark. Interior, the announcement that a Committee has been formed, under the presidency of Mr. Jacob Halmblad, a merchant and manufacturer at Copenhagen, the object of which U to furnish facilities to parties in Denmark who may desire to exhibit their productions at the International Exhibition which is to be held at Philadelphia. I have to add that, in addition to the aforesaid presiding officer, Messrs. C. Chr. Bur- meister, manufacturer of machinery, V. Christenscn, manufacturing jeweler, V. Fjclkshoo, sculptor, William Hammer, artist (painter), Charles Hansen, Th. Green, merchant, John Hansen, merchant, Olof Hansen, merchant and Vice-Consul, are members of the Committee referred to, and I avail myself of this occasion to offer you, sir, the assurance of my most distinguished consideration. O. U. ROSEN0RN-LEHN. To MR. CRAMER, Minister Resident of the United States of America. ECUADOR. Kcuador. LEGATION OF ECUADOR, WASHINGTON, December 19, 1873. SIR, I have the honor to inform your Excellency that my Government has accepted the invitation which your Excellency was pleased to extend to it, through this Legation, to take part in the Exhibition which is to be opened on the Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of the Independence of the United States. I have therefore appointed, having been duly authorized so to do, Mr. Edward Shippen, Ecuadorian Consul at Philadelphia, as Resident Commissioner of Ecuador in that city. The Commissioners in New York are Messrs. Riban & Munaz, No. 52 Pine Street, and Mr. Gabriel Obarrio, No. 59 Liberty Street. If other Commissioners shall be appointed hereafter, I shall inform your Excellency of the fact without delay. I avail myself of this occasion to offer your Excellency the assurance of my high con- sideration. A. FLORES. HONORABLE HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State of the United Slates of America, ttt. t etc., etc. EGYPT. [TRANSLATION.] RIAZ PACHA TO MR. BEARDSLEY. MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, CAIRO, April 29, 1875. MR. AGENT AND CONSUL-GENERAL, As I have had the honor of informing you, I has- tened to lay before his Highness the Khedive the communications relating to the Inter- national Exhibition which will take place at Philadelphia in 1876, which you were pleated to address to me. His Highness, anxious to respond to the flattering invitation of the Government of the United States of America, and to see his country' participate in the great international concourse so eminently useful for the development of the arts and industry and of the commercial interests of every people, enjoins me to request you, Mr. Agent and Consul- Acceptances by Foreign Governments. Egypt- 2 5 6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. General, to be pleased to transmit his thanks to, and to inform the American Government that he has taken measures in order that Egypt shall be represented at the Exhibition at Philadelphia. A special Commission will be constituted for this purpose, and will be placed under the Presidency of his Highness the Prince, Heir, Minister of the Interior. His Highness the Khedive has been pleased to appoint me Vice-President of this Com- mission, and to designate Mr. Brugsch-Bey, Professor of Egyptology, to the functions of Commissioner-General. While happy to be able to -inform you of these decisions, I seize with pleasure this oppor- tunity to renew, Mr. Agent and Consul-General, the expressions of my high consideration. RIAZ. France. FRANCE. PARIS, September 19, 1874. SIR, In his communication of the I5th of July last, in relation to the Philadelphia Ex- hibition, Mr. Washburn expressed a desire that the French Government should select one or more delegates, whose duty it should be to correspond directly, in the capacity of Com- missioners, with the Centennial Commission of the United States, on all questions in which French exhibitors might be interested. In conjunction with the Ministers of Agriculture and Commerce, my department has just appointed M. de la Forest, Consul-General of France at New York, as French Commis- sioner to the Philadelphia Exhibition; it has also appointed M. Ravin d'Elpeux, Vice- Consular Agent of France at Philadelphia, as Adjunct Commissioner. I hasten, sir, to inform you of these appointments, begging you to be pleased to bring them to the knowledge of the Federal Government and of the Centennial Commission. Receive sir, etc., DECAZES. To COL. WICKHAM HOFFMAN, Charge d 1 Affaires of the United Slates. Germany. GERMANY. [TRANSLATION.] PRINCE BISMARCK TO BARON SCHLOZER. BERLIN, January 2, 1874. SIR, In pursuance of my dispatch of October 2Qth last, relative to the International Exhibition intended to be held in the year 1876, a-t Philadelphia, I request you, respectfully, to communicate to the Secretary of State, Mr. Fish, that the German Empire accepts with the sincerest thanks the invittition of the Government of the United States of America to take part in the above-mentioned Exhibition. The appointment of a special Commission for the Exhibition, as also of a Plenipotentiary of the same, residing in Philadelphia, will therefore be made in time. I reserve a special communication in this matter, and beg to be furnished with the rules proposed under No. 10 of the General Regulations as soon as the same shall have been published. The Chancellor of the Empire, BISMARCK. APPENDIX H. GREAT BRITAIN. LORD DERBY TO GENERAL SCHENCK. Great Britain. FOREIGN OFFICE, December 3, 1874. SIR, With reference to my letter of the 25th of August, I have now the honor to inform you that her Majesty's Government accept with much pleasure the invitation of the United States to take part in the International Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. I shall have the honor to acquaint you hereafter with the arrangements which will be come to in order to carry this decision into effect. Her Majesty's Government trust that this Exhibition will fully realize the objects which the Government of the United States and the promoters of the undertaking have in view, and they do not doubt that it will tend to the further development of the important commer- cial relations between Great Britain and the United States. I have the honor to be, with the highest consideration, Sir, your most obedient humble servant, DERBY. GREECE. Greece [TRANSLATION.] MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, ATHENS, the ijth of December, 1875. MR. MINISTER, Referring to my dispatch dated the 2ist March last, I have the pleas- ure to inform you that the Royal Government, though regretting not to be able to take part in the Universal Exposition of Philadelphia, thinks it to be its duty to participate in the grand national fte that the United States will celebrate in commemoration of American Independence by the appointment of Mr. D. Batassis, our Consul-General at New York, as the special representative of the Hellenic Government. I hope that you will see in this decision a sign of the interest that the Royal Government desires to manifest on this occasion to the Government of the United States, and that the sympathy so many times shown by the American nation towards Greece will render it very easy for our representative to excuse our absence from the Exhibition at Philadelphia. Please to accept, Mr. Minister, the assurance of my high consideration. A. A. CONTOSTAVLOS. To GENERAL JOHN MEREDITH READ, Minister Resident of the United States of America. GUATEMALA. [TRANSLATION.] OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, GUATEMALA, August 18, 1874. His EXCELLENCY HON. GEO. WILLIAMSON, United States Minister Resident. SIR, The Minister of Improvement, to whom I transmitted the esteemed favor of your Excellency of the 1st instant, has issued a decree on the part of the Government of Guate- mala on the 1 3th instant, printed in the Gnatenwlteco of yesterday, accepting the invi- tation of the Supreme Executive Power of the United States to be represented in the Expo- sition at Philadelphia, and appointing as Commissioner for that object Don Vincento Dardon Minister Plenipotentiary of this Republic in that country. 7 2 5 8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Acceptances I S* ve m y thanks to your Excellency for the information, and take with pleasure this new by Foreign opportunity of repeating that I am < ".ovemments. Your attentive servant, Guatemala. NL A> SOTO. DECREE RELATIVE TO THE INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION AT PHILADELPHIA. PALACE OF THE GOVERNMENT, GUATEMALA, August 13, 1874. Taking into consideration the official communication which the Minister Resident of the United States of America, Hon. George Williamson, directed to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the name of his Government, inviting that of this Republic to take part in the International Exposition that is to take place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the 4th of July, 1876, in commemoration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of that great nation, and considering that as soon as the said Exposition was first announced the Government of the United States issued a corresponding invitation to that of Guatemala, which has manifested, and is of the opinion, that the Republic of Guatemala, properly rep- resented, should take part in the great and solemn occasion, which without doubt will give the greatest results in favor of agriculture, commerce, and the arts of the country, the Sec- retaries of the office in charge of the Government decree : ist. To accept the above-mentioned invitation, resolving that the Republic of Guatemala shall take part in the International Exposition that will take place in Philadelphia the 4th of July, 1876. 2d. To nominate Don Vincente Dardon, Minister of Guatemala in Washington, Com- missioner of the Government of Guatemala, to place himself in communication with the Centennial Commission of the United States in reference to the details of the Exposition and the allotment of space, also with the Director-General, Mr. A. T. Goshorn. 3d. To empower the Secretary of Improvement to issue the necessary orders for the fulfillment of this decree ; and 4th. To recommend very especially to the " Jefes Politic6s" and other authorities of the departments that they aid and assist the Commission or Commissioners that may be ap- pointed by said Secretary for the preparation and arrangement of the articles that are to be sent to the Exposition of which this treats. Decreed. Signed by the Secretaries of the office in charge of the Government. SAMAYOA. IHawaiian Hslands. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, HONOLULU, January 20, 1874. HON. HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State, Washington, D. C. SIR, By a note of this date, received from the Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Legation is informed of the intention of his Majesty's Government to cause this country to be represented at the United States International Exhibition of 1876, by a Commission to be duly appointed, and by an exhibition of the arts, manufactures, and natural productions of the Kingdom. It is presumed that the Hawaiian Assembly, after meeting together in May next, will make an appropriation to cover the anticipated expenses of the Hawaiian part of the Exhibition. The local newspapers have indicated their intention to advocate the measures, and APPENDIX H. to fully inform the people in regard to the subject of the United States International Exhibition. by Forcif With great respect, your obedient servant, HENRY A. PEIRCE. H.w^i. Unfe DEPARTMKNT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, HONOLULU, August 6, 1874. SIR, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your dispatch of 1st inst., call- ing my attention to the correspondence between your Excellency and my predecessor in office regarding the United States Centennial Anniversary and International Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia in the year 1876, and to the steps to be taken by this Government, by which the arts, manufactures, and products of this country may be duly represented there. I have now the pleasure to inform you that his Majesty has been pleased to ap|>oint Mr. S. U. F. Odell, his Majesty's Charg6 d' Affaires and Consul-General at New York, to be Special Commissioner in the United States for this Kingdom at the International Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876; his Majesty has also been pleased to appoint his Excellency the Minister of Interior, the Hon. Samuel G. Wilder, and the Hon. J. U. Kanainni, to be Special Commissioners in Honolulu, to collect, receive, and forward objects illustrative of the arts, manufactures, and products of the soil of the Hawaiian Kingdom for the said Exhibition. Trusting that the initiation of measures to extend the knowledge of Hawaiian products in the United States of America, on so auspicious an occasion as the Centennial Anniver- sary of its Independence, may lead to closer and more extended commercial relations between the two countries, I take this opportunity of assuring your Excellency of the high respect and distinguished consideration with which I have the honor to remain your Excellency's most obedient servant, WM. L. GREEN, Minister of Foreign Affairs, ad interim. His EXCELLENCY HENRY A. PEIRCE, United States Minister Resident. HONDURAS. [TRANSLATION.] CAMAYAGUA, September 12, 1874. SIR, I have had the distinguished honor of receiving the courteous and cordial invi- tation that in the name of the Government of the United States your Excellency extends to the Republic of Honduras to take part in the International Exposition that will take place in Philadelphia, the 4th of July, 1876, in commemoration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States. The Government of Honduras, penetrated with the most lively gratitude and true American enthusiasm, cannot do less than accept the invitation to the International Exposition at Philadelphia, and in due time will communicate to the Director-General of the Exposition the names of the persons to whom Honduras intrusts its representation, as it pleased your Excellency to suggest in your esteemed favor dated the 1st of last August. I repeat to your Excellency the assurances of the high appreciation with which I sub- scribe myself, Your most obedient sen-ant, ADOLF ZUN1GA. 260 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Acceptances by Foreign Governments. Italy. ITALY. [NOTE VERBALE.] BARON ALBERTO BLANC TO MR. FISH. WASHINGTON, November 9, 1875. The Legation of Italy at Washington has the honor to announce to the Government of the United States that Italy will take part in the Centennial Exhibition which is to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. The following explanatory documents are inclosed with this " note verbale" : 1. Two copies of a printed circular from the Royal Minister of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce to the Prefects, Presidents of the Academies of Fine Arts, and the artistic and industrial associations of the Kingdom, notifying them of the formation of an Italian Central Committee at Florence for the Philadelphia Exhibition, and stating what aid the Government of the King intends to lend to this Committee by means of a fixed subsidy and by its moral co-operation near the Government of the United States. 2. Two copies of a lithographed circular issued by the Italian Central Committee at Florence to the Italian Chambers of Commerce and Art, notifying them of its organization, and stating what its functions will be. 3. Two copies of a printed circular issued by the same Committee to Italian exhibitors, containing a detailed statement of the conditions of their participation in the Exhibition, with the co-operation of a general agent of the Italian Committee who is to represent that body at Philadelphia. The Royal Legation of Italy will hereafter inform the Government of the United States of the appointment which is to be made of a Royal Commissioner as the general repre- sentative of the Italian Government and of the Central Committee at Florence near the authorities of the United States. Meanwhile, the Royal Legation has received orders from its Government to request that the space of 11,644 feet which was originally assigned to Italy may be reserved for it in the Exhibition building. It would at the same time be grateful if the Government of the United States would be pleased to inform it how much space can be granted to Italy in the building which is to be devoted to the fine arts. Japan. JAPAN. [TRANSLATION.] TERASHIMA MUNENORI TO MR. BINGHAM. The 25th of the 5th month, the 7th year MEIJI. (May 25, 1874.) YOUR EXCELLENCY, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's dispatch, No. 34, dated the 2Oth April, and informing me that on the 4th day of July, 1876, there will be opened in the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, an International Exhibition, in connection with the celebration, at the same time and place, of the Centennial Anniversary of American Independence, and that his Excellency the President of the United States, by his Proclamation issued in July last, commends, etc. I beg leave in reply to say, that the Japanese Government will take great satisfaction in making known among its subjects that an International Exhibition is to be opened in the United States, and that those who desire to exhibit Japanese productions, manufactures, etc., etc., will receive from the Government every assistance and convenience for that purpose. I beg leave to add that a National Commission for Japan will be appointed after it has APPENDIX H. 2 6, been ascertained what extent of articles there is to be sent from Japan, and I will then consult with your Excellency upon any point that may arise. Furthermore, it is probable that a special mission will be sent from Japan to co-operate in the celebration of American Independence, and to bear token of our friendship for the United States. Should this not occur, the duty of such a mission will be intrusted to the Japanese Minister in your country. Your Excellency will please communicate the above to the proper authorities of your country. With respect and consideration, TERASHIMA MUNENORI, //. /. J. M., Minister for Foreign Affairs. LIBERIA. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, MONROVIA, Sept. i, 1874. SIR, I have the honor to acknowledge your dispatch of 2ist August, extending in the name of the United States, in conformity with an Act of the American Congress, an invi- tation to Liberia to participate in the Centennial Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia during the year 1876. Having been authorized by an Act of the Legislature of Liberia to accept the invitation tendered by you on 2Oth August, 1873, on behalf of the Government of the United States, to be represented at the Exhibition, I beg to repeat the acceptance forwarded you i8th February last, and to say that the Republic of Liberia will heartily participate therein. The President has been pleased to appoint as one of the Commissioners Hon. J. S. Payne, of this city ; and Edwd. S. Morris, of Philadelphia, has been offered the other ap- pointment, and if he accepts information will be given. Your information relative to a revision of the general regulations, the name of the Director-General, etc., has been observed. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, J. E. MOORE. To HON. J. MILTON TURNER, United States Minister Resident, Monrovia. \ LUXEMBOURG. F. DE BLOCHAUSEN TO MR. FISH. LUXEMBOURG, April 12, 1876. SIR, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt upon the 1st instant of your letter dated March 15, 1876, in answer to my telegram asking for an official invitation of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to take part in the Exhibition of Philadelphia. The Government of the Grand Duchy is eager to inform your Honor that we aceepC gratefully the cordial invitation to be represented in the International Exhibition that will be held at Philadelphia, in which Mr. Berger, member of the House of Deputies of Lux- embourg, has been appointed by royal grand-ducal dccret as its Representative charged to correspond with the Commissaries of the Exhibition. I beg you may be assured of the high consideration with which I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, F. DE BLOCHAUSEN. To THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington. 262 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Acceptances l>y Foreign Governments. Mexico. MEXICO. [TRANSLATION.] DEPARTMENT OF FOMENTO: COLONIZATION, INDUSTRY, AND COMMERCE OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. SECOND SECTION. MEXICO, July 26, 1874. To THE CITIZEN MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, There has been received at this Department your note, dated 22d instant, in which you were pleased to transmit a translation of the note which, on the 2Oth instant, the Minister of the United States of America addressed to your Department, inviting, on behalf of the President and in the name of that nation, the Government of Mexico to be represented and to take part in the International Exposition which will take place at Philadelphia in the year 1876. The said note having been brought to the attention of the Citizen President, he has thought proper to direct that I say to you, in order that you may be so good as to commu- nicate to the Minister of the United States that the Government of Mexico acknowledges and accepts the invitation which, through him, the Government of the United States ex- tends to it, to be represented and to take part in the International Exposition, which will take place in Philadelphia in the year 1876, in commemoration of the Centennial Anni- versary of the Declaration of Independence of that Republic. At the same time you will be pleased to inform him that the Government of Mexico will proceed to organize the Commissions both in this country and in the United States which will be intrusted with the preparatory labors for the object indicated ; and that meanwhile, you request the Minister of the United States to have the goodness to communicate all that in his judgment may be of interest to the Government of the Republic concerning the present state of affairs of the American Commission. Independence and Liberty. BALCARCEL. The Netherlands. THE NETHERLANDS. LEGATION OF THE NETHERLANDS, WASHINGTON, January 24, 1874. MR. SECRETARY OF STATE, I have not failed to transmit to my Government the proc- lamation which I had the honor to receive from your Excellency announcing the Industrial Exposition which is to be held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the year 1876, for the pur- pose of celebrating the Centennial Anniversary of American Independence, and in which the American Government has invited the Netherlands to take part. In reply, I have the honor to inform your Excellency that the Government of the Netherlands has received this international invitation with lively satisfaction, and intends to take part in the said Exposition by contributing productions of the arts and industry of the Netherlands. To this effect a Commission will be appointed in the Netherlands, and also a Committee to direct and furnish information to exhibitors. As soon as it shall be in my power I shall hasten to communicate to your Excellency the names and quality of the persons who are to constitute this Committee. Be pleased to accept, Mr. Secretary of State, the renewed assurances of my very high consideration. WESTENBERG. HONORABLE HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State, etc, etc., etc., Washington, APPENDIX H. 263 ORANGE FREE STATE. Acceptance, by Foreign GOVERNMENT OFFICE, Government.. BLOEMFONTEIN, 3d December, 1874. Received February 8, 1875. Orange Free SIR, I am directed by the President to inform you that it affords this Government very Sute - great pleasure to receive from their Consul-General in the United States the invitation to this Government to take part in the International Exhibition which is to be held in Phil- adelphia in 1876, and contained in your Honor's letter to him of the 26th August last, and to state that the President has been pleased to appoint Mr. Charles W. Riley as the agent of the Government of the Orange Free State in connection with all matters regarding the representation of this State at the proposed Exhibition. Begging your Honor to accept the assurance of my high consideration, I have the honor to be, sir, etc., etc., etc., F. K. HOHNE, Government Secretory. THE RIGHT HONORABLE THE SECRETARY OF STATE, Washington, United States of America. PERU. Peru. SNR. DE LA RIVA AGNERO TO MR. THOMAS. LIMA, February 10, 1874. SIR, In answer to the very appreciable communication of your Excellency of the Ipth of September last, I have the honor to inform you that my Government accepts with the most lively enthusiasm the invitation which, through the dignity of your Excellency, the Government of the United States has been pleased to make, in order that Peru should take part in an International Exposition of the Arts, Manufactures, and Natural Products, which takes place in Philadelphia on the 1 9th of April, 1876, in celebration of the One Hun- dredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States. The value of such a meeting, the prestige given to it in the name of the Government under whose auspices it is to be realized, the importance of the great event which it is to commemorate, all contribute to render it one of the most splendid manifestations of progress and civilization in the present century, and a historic and glorious event in the cause of humanity. My Government is pleased in the highest manner by the invitation to this universal cele- bration given in the name of the American Union, and has hastened to appoint on our part the Commissioners to arrange with the contributors from Peru, and with the Central Com- mission of the Exposition in Philadelphia, Colonel Manuel Freyre, Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States from Peru, at Washington, and Mr. Frederick L. Barreda, Mr. Edward Villena, and Mr. Charles Tracy. For the information of the public and national contribu- tors, I have directed that there should be published, in due time, the proposed regulations and other information which for the object in view your Excellency was pleased to send me, accompanying your dispatch. I trust that your Excellency will be pleased to transmit to your Government, together with the acceptation of my Government, our most sincere thanks for the noble invitation, and I avail myself of this occasion to reiterate to your Excellency the assurance of my high and distinguished consideration, and have the honor to subscribe myself, Your most obedient servant, J. DE LA RIVA AGffERO. HONORABLE FRANCIS THOMAS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Ike United States of America. Acceptances by Foreign Governments. Portugal. 264 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. PORTUGAL. [TRANSLATION.] MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, LISBON, March 3, 1875. I have before me the note which you did me the honor to address to me on the 4th of August of last year, inviting in the name of the President of the United States the Portu- guese Government to be represented and to take part in the Exhibition, of Arts, Manu- factures, and Agricultural Products, to take place at Philadelphia, under the auspices of the Government of the United States. Thanking you for the very kind terms in which you have conveyed the invitation of the President, I have the pleasure to communicate to you that the Portuguese Government wishes to take part in the Exhibition to which you refer, and will give the necessary in- structions to his Majesty's Minister at Washington to confer with the Director-General of the Exhibition in regard to the allotment of space, and the conditions to be complied with. I avail myself of this occasion to renew the assurances of my distinguished considera- tion. JOAO D'ANDRADE CORVO. CHARLES H. LEWIS, ESQ., Minister Resident of the United States, etc., etc., etc. RUSSIA. [TRANSLATION.] BARON JOMINI TO MR. BOKER. ST. PETERSBURG, -fe October, 1875. IMPERIAL MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL RELATIONS. MR. MINISTER, The Imperial Ministry has taken into serious consideration the com- munications, both written and verbal, which you have been good enough to make to it on the subject of the Universal Exposition to take place at Philadelphia in 1876. It follows from these communications that this new international gathering will differ essentially from the previous Exhibitions at London, Paris, and Vienna. The Philadelphia Exhibition, by making part of the fetes arranged for the celebration of the Centennial Jubilee of the Independence of the United States of America, presents itself on this very account as an essentially national undertaking, in which friendly nations are invited to participate. These considerations have been the subject of a report to his Majesty the Emperor, and my august Master has deemed it agreeable to the traditions of friendship which have always existed between Russia and the United States to accept the cordial invitation from the Cabinet of Washington to take part in a national solemnity for commemorating one of the grandest facts in the history of humanity. By supreme order a Special Commission has been constituted in the Ministry of Finance, under the presidency of the Privy Councillor Butofsky, for the organization of the Russian section of the Philadelphia Exhibition. I have hastened to communicate the foregoing to our representative at Washington, and I have requested him to bring it to the knowledge of the United States Government. Accept, Mr. Minister, the assurance of my most distinguished consideration. BARON JOMINI. MR. BOKER, etc., etc., etc. APPENDIX H. SALVADOR. Aeeq . un , by Foreign [TRANSLATION.] OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, SAN SALVADOR, August 18, 1874. His EXCELLENCY HON. GEO. WILLIAMSON, United States Minister Resident. SiR, There is received in this office the esteemed favor of your Excellency, dated the 1st instant, in which, in the name of your Government, you were pleased to extend to that of Salvador a cordial and respectful invitation to be represented and take part in the International Exposition that will take place in Philadelphia, under the auspices of the Government in Washington, the 4th of July, 1876, in commemoration of having completed a century since the Independence of the Great Republic. My Government accepts with great pleasure this invitation, as it is a friend of progress, a lover of the liberty of that great people and an admirer of its grandeur. I will soon have the honor of communicating to your Excellency the means that may be taken for this end, and meanwhile, you will be pleased to accept the appreciation and consideration of Your obedient servant, M. BRISO. SIAM. [TRANSLATION.] CHOW PHYA BHANUWONGSE MAHA KOSA DHIPOTI THE PHRAK- LANG, MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, To GENERAL F. W. PARTRIDGE, United States Consul. SIR, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your dispatch of the 9th inst., in relation to the Centennial Exhibition in the City of Philadelphia, United States of America, in the year 1876, which, together with the inclosures relating thereto, has been duly noted. I presented your dispatch and the proclamation to his Majesty the King of Siam for his information. His Majesty conferred with the entire Senabode in council, and it was observed the United States and Siam are on cordial terms of national friendship, and that it is necessary and proper to procure articles indigenous to the country, and articles manu- factured by Siamese artisans as they are able, and send them in accordance with the request of the Government of the United States. In regard to a person to take charge of the goods to be sent, whether a Siamese officer will be appointed or an American citizen in Siamese service, has not yet been decided. When the matter has been duly considered and determined upon as to who will be sent, I will address you on the subject, and let you know who will go in charge of the goods. f Seal of the ) \ Minister of Foreign Affairs. / FOREIGN OFFICE, BANGKOK, 3ist December, 1874. SPAIN. Spain. LEGATION OF SPAIN AT WASHINGTON, WASHINGTON, April 24, 1874. The undersigned Minister Plenipotentiary of Spain has the honor to address the Honor- able Secretary of State of the United States, inclosing to him a copy of a dispatch which he has received from the Secretary-General of the Ministry of State at Madrid, signifying 266 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Acceptances by Foreign Governments. Spain. Spain's acceptance of the invitation to take part in the International Exhibition which is to be held at Philadelphia in the year 1876, by way of celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States. The undersigned is very happy to inclose this dispatch to the Honorable Secretaiy of State, since it confirms the telegram announcing the acceptance of Spain, which was received some time since by the under- signed, and which he only communicated verbally to the Honorable Secretary of State, having waited until the arrival of the dispatch, which he now has the honor to inclose, before doing so in writing. The undersigned will thank the Honorable Secretary of State for all the information which it may be possible to give in relation to the aforesaid Exhibition that he may transmit it to his Government, and he gladly avails himself of this occasion to reiterate to the Honorable Secretary of State the assurances of his most distinguished consideration. JOSE POLO DE BERNABE. To THE HONORABLE SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE UNITED STATES, etc., etc., etc. MINISTRY OF STATE, COMMERCIAL SECTION, No. 20. MOST EXCELLENT SIR, The Minister of Commerce and Industry writes to this Ministry under date of the 2ist instant as follows: The Government of the Republic has been gratified to receive the invitation which has been extended to Spain, through your Excellency, by the Secretary of State of the North American Republic, to take part in the International Exhibition which is to be held at Philadelphia in the year 1876. It having been decided by the Council of Ministers that Spain shall take part in said Exhibition, and that an announcement thereof shall be sent by telegraph, I have the honor to inform your Excellency of this, in order that it may be brought, through the proper channel, to the knowledge of the Government of the United States, which will be requested at the proper time to assign to Spain such space, etc., as according to the circulars which have been issued is to be granted to nations sending articles for exhibition. The Spanish Government will adopt all necessary measures to the end that Spain may be represented at the International Exhibition at Philadelphia in the best manner possible, and, for the present, I beg your Excellency to be pleased to send me all the documents relative to said Exhibition that may now be in the Ministry under your worthy charge, and also any others that may be received hereafter. By order of the Minister of State I transmit this to your Excellency for your information and for the proper purposes. May God guard your Excellency many years ! MADRID, February 28, 1874. The Secretary- General, PIO GULLON. To THE MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY OF SPAIN, AT WASHINGTON, etc., etc., etc. Sweden and Norway. SWEDEN AND NORWAY. [TRANSLATION.] STOCKHOLM, June 2, 1874. SIR, By your note of August 28, which you did me the honor to address to me, you had the kindness to inform me of the opening of an International Exhibition of the Pro- ducts of Agriculture, of Industry, and the Fine Arts, the igih of April, 1876, at Phila- delphia, to celebrate the Centennial Anniversary of the Independence of the United States ; APPENDIX 267 you expressed to me at the same time the desire of your Government to see the United Accepts Kingdoms take part in it. by Foreign I have not failed to bring the matter to the attention of the competent authorities ; and Government*, the Government of the King, which always feels a lively interest in these international ^. we meetings that have contributed so much to the development of the industry and pacific intercourse of the different nations, and which desires on this occasion to give to the United States a new proof of its sincere friendship and of its lively sympathies, has hastened to propose to the Legislatures of the two countries to grant necessary funds for the preliminary arrangements. His proposition having been acted upon in the most favorable manner by both the Riksdag and the Storthing, I am happy to be able to inform you that the United Kingdoms will take part in the Exhibition at Philadelphia. I beg you to be kind enough to inform your Government of the above, and also to bring it to the knowledge of the Commission of the Exhibition, and I seize the occasion to renew to you, sir, the assurances of my most distinguished consideration. O. M. BjORNSTJERNA. MR. ANDREWS, Minister Resident of the United States of America. SWITZERLAND. SwiuerUoA THE FEDERAL COUNCIL TO MR. RUBLEE. BERNE, January 26, 1874. The Federal Council had the honor to receive the notes addressed to it by the Minister Resident of the United States of America near the Swiss Confederation of the i8th and 25th of November, 1873, inviting Switzerland to take part in the International Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia in 1876, in commemoration of the Centennial Anniversary of the Independence of the States of the American Union. In thanking Mr. Rublee for these overtures, and in requesting him to be pleased to convey to his Government its grateful sentiments for the courteous invitation which it accepts, the Federal Council assures him that it will use its best efforts to promote the enterprise, as it has done in the case of similar Expositions in Europe, provided that the necessary credits are granted by the Federal Assembly. Nevertheless, it cannot refrain from remark- ing here, that the great Universal Expositions have succeeded each other so rapidly during the last decades as to give rise to the apprehension of a certain fatigue on the part of exhibitors, and hence of an indisposition to take part therein, and that the obstacles interposed by the great distance of the place of Exposition will naturally be attended with the consequence that only those branches of industry which are directly interested will be suitably represented at the Exhibition. However it may be, the Federal Council begs the Minister Resident of the United States to be pleased to procure for it two or three plans of the premises of the Exposition, and a number of programmes of the same, in order that the Swiss authorities may be enabled, with as much certainty as possible, to take the preparatory steps for participation of Switzerland in the Exposition. In the mean time, the Federal Council hastens to renew to Mr. Rublee the assurances of its high consideration. In the name of the Swiss Federal Council, the President of the Confederation, SCHENK. The Chancellor of the Confederation, SCHIBSS, 268 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Acceptances by Foreign Governments. Tunis. TUNIS. [TRANSLATION FROM THE ARABIC.] IN THE NAME OF GOD ! GENERAL KEREDINE, PRIME MINISTER, AND MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF HIS HIGHNESS THE BEY, TO MR. HARRIS HEAP, CON SUL-GENEKAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNITED STATES. We have received your note of the I3th of February, 1875, containing an invitation to the Government of his Highness (whom may God exalt !) to take part in the Centennial Universal Exhibition, which will be inaugurated in the City of Philadelphia, in America, in 1876. We have taken note of its contents, and submitted them to his Highness the Bey, who, in thanking your great Government for the same, directs me to say that he has ordered that his Government shall do what it is able on this occasion, as it has done in the past at previous Exhibitions. The i Qth day of Moharrem, 1292. 26 February, 1875. KEREDINE. TURKEY. IMPERIAL OTTOMAN LEGATION, WASHINGTON, March 13, 1875. MR. SECRETARY OF STATE, His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs informs me, in reply to one of my reports, that the Imperial Ottoman Government has decided to take part in the International Exhibition at Philadelphia, and that it has already taken the necessary steps for that purpose. His Excellency Safret Pasha also authorizes me to inform the Washington Cabinet of this decision. By taking part in this worthy enterprise the Sublime Porte has desired to furnish a new proof of its cordial feeling towards the United States, and I am happy to be the interpreter of its friendly sentiments. Be pleased to accept, Mr. Secretary of State, the assurances of my very high consideration. G. D'ARISTARCHI. His EXCELLENCY HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State, etc., etc., etc. Venezuela. VENEZUELA. [TRANSLATION.] CARACAS, August 2^, 1874. I have had the honor to receive your Excellency's note, in which, in the name and by the order of the Government which you so worthily represent, your Excellency is pleased to invite the Government of Venezuela to take part in the International Exposition which is to take place in Philadelphia in the year 1876; and in reply, it is gratifying to me to say to your Excellency that my Government will respond with pleasure to the cordial and honorable invitation which has been given by your Excellency, joining in this festival of progress, from which commerce and the industries of the whole world will surely receive abundant fruits. His Excellency the President of the Republic has arranged that the necessary steps shall be directed promptly, so that Venezuela may be represented fitly in the aforesaid Exhibition. I take this occasion to renew to your Excellency the assurances of my very distinguished consideration. JESUS MARIA BLANCO. To HON. THOMAS RUSSELL, United States Minister Resident. APPENDIX L 269 APPENDIX I. PARTICIPATION BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. by Foreign Government*. NOTE. The following statements are derived from information which all the Foreign Commissions were requested to furnish to the Director-General. The omission of exhibiting nations has been occasioned by the non-receipt of the information sought. The names of the Commissioners from each nation have been printed in Appendix B, pages 87-99. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Arsemine Republic. The Congress, in 1875, appropriated the sum of $90,000 to defray the expenses of the Commission, and afterwards the additional amount of $30,000, to provide for forwarding and installing exhibits and publishing a catalogue of them, with statistical information concerning the country. Beside bearing all transportation charges, the Government in many instances advanced to exhibitors the means of preparing their products. The several Provincial Governments also took part in the preparations; and traveling agents went through the country collecting exhibits. There was held, moreover, at Buenos Ayres December 12, 1875, to January 3, 1876 a preliminary Exhibition, under the auspices of the President of the Republic, the Ministers, and the Commission, from which objects were selected to be forwarded to Philadelphia. Among the exhibitors were the President of the Republic, the Departments of Public Instruction and of Agriculture, and several of the Provincial Governments. AUSTRIA. Atmn*. The participation of the Government consisted of the appointment of a Commission which it credited with the sum of $75,000. This was to provide for the expenses of the Commission itself, to be used in aiding exhibitors, and to secure collections and publish reports, for whose preparation official reporters were commissioned. BELGIUM. Bdgi. The Government allowed its Commission a credit of 550,000, a portion of which wai applied to relieving exhibitors in the matters of transportation, installation, etc. BRAZIL. , , ore the entire expense of shipment, insurance, railway freight, and other charges involved in collecting, fonvarding, arranging, and returning the exhibit* in its department, at a cost of about $40,000. The mining department of the Government displayed geological and mineralogical specimens; the printing department, books and bindings; the educational, a series of reports; and the survey department, maps of ili colony. 272 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876 Participation by Foreign Governments. South Australia. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. The Commission was granted by the Government the sum of $17, 500 for the preparations for the Exhibition ; and the Commissioners provided for the packing, freight, charges, and final disposal of exhibits, in accordance with the desire of exhibitors. The Government also prepared and published, with especial reference to the Exhibition, a publication entitled South. Australia, its History, Resources, and Productions. The Surveyor-General, the Adelaide Museum, the Botanic Gardens, and the Commission itself supplied objects and photographs representing the resources of the country. Most of the articles shown, however, were sent by individual exhibitors. Tasmania. TASMANIA. The Government defrayed the expense of the forwarding, maintenance, and return of all individual exhibits. It was represented by parliamentary reports, maps, statistics, and specimens of natural products; while the Tasmanian Salmon Commission made a fine display of fish, and the corporations of Hobart Town and Lancaster showed photographic views of those cities. Victoria. VICTORIA. The Government, beside bearing the expense of collecting, packing, forwarding, and installing all exhibits, purchased objects for exhibition at a cost of $15,000. The govern- mental departments represented \vere those of the public lands, the Government railways, the mines, the mint, the post-office, and the telegraph. The Commissioners to the Centennial Exhibition were authorized, moreover, to hold at Melbourne a preliminary Exhibition, open to the neighboring British Colonies and other countries, from which selections should be made of products suitable to be forwarded to Philadelphia. The Commission was materially assisted by the various departments of the Government of railways, of customs, of the post-office ; also by the Governments of New South Wales, South Australia, and Queensland; and by several railway, steamboat, and shipping companies. The Exhibition opened at Melbourne on September 2, 1875, and continued until November 1 6, following.* In these preliminaries and in the representation of the Colony at Philadelphia the Victorian Commission was allowed by its Government to expend the sum of $44,000. * This preliminary Melbourne Exhibition of 1875 was open 76 days, and received a paying attendance of 240,000 persons, the total population of the colony being 850,000, while the admission fees received were $41,665 (gold). The exhibitors represented Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia, Singapore, and Japan. The interest taken in it is shown by a comparison with the previous Exhibitions held at Melbourne : No. Exhibits. Space occupied. Exhibition of 1854 . 428 19,000 square feet. " " 1861 703 19,000 " " " " 1866 3,442 56,240 " " " " 1872 1,748 32,000 " " " 1875 4,99i 78, " " Of the 1060 exhibitors participating, 805 were from Victoria, and the total number of premiums awarded, of every grade, was 615. Most of the exhibits from Victoria, destined for the Centennial Exhibition, were shipped from Melbourne to New York in a sailing-vessel, which met with a series of disasters, protracting her passage to 149 days, and injuring the articles to be exhibited to the amount of some $8000. rendering many of them unfit for display. Specimens of grain and pomological products, however, which were shipped by steamers by way o San Francisco or the Suez Canal, reached Philadelphia in good condition, and elicited great commendation. APPENDIX I. 273 JAPAN. Participation by Foreign In November, 1874, the Japanese Minister at Washington notified the Government of Government* the United States that Japan would participate in the Exhibition; and in the month fol- Japan. lowing the work of preparation was commenced by an Imperial Commission, constituted as a department of the Ministry of the Interior, and composed mostly of persons who had gained experience at the Vienna Exhibition of 1873. An office was opened at Tokio; the Commission was granted a sum of about 5300,000; and the provincial authorities were called upon to induce leading manufacturers to contribute. The Commission provided for the transportation of all exhibits to Philadelphia and for their installation, as well as for the traveling expenses of such exhibitors as accompanied their goods. The Government was represented by collections from several of its departments, especially that of Public Education. NETHERLANDS. Netherlands The Government of the Netherlands appropriated $100,000, with which its Commission provided for the transportation and installation of objects, including show-cases, and in- surance. The Government itself exhibited collections of the products of its East-Indian Colonies ; specimens of the public works of the Netherlands ; and educational reports and statistics, with photographs and architectural plans of school-houses, etc. ORANGE FREE STATE. Orange Free State. This was a collective exhibit, made entirely by the Government at its expense. The objects shown were chiefly minerals, animal and vegetable products, including stuffed birds, plumage, ostrich -feathers, mounted butterflies and insects, and diamonds, with specimens of the earths in which they are found. PERU. Pen,. The expenses of individual exhibitors from the port of shipment were assumed by the Government, which itself contributed most of the natural products on exhibition. PORTUGAL. Porugml The greater part of the exhibits were contributed by individual exhibitors, though they were collected by officials of the Government, and forwarded at its expense. The govern- mental departments and corporations which exhibited were the General Direction of Geodetical Labors, the Industrial Institutes of Lisbon and of Oporto, the Meteorological Observatory of the " Infante Don Luis," the Ministry of the Treasury, the National Printing-Office at Lisbon, the Direction of Public Works of each of the districts of Lisbon, Oporto, Braza, Vianna do Castello, Vizeu, Aveiro, Coimbra, and Leiria, the Direction of the Mondego and Figueira Bar Works, the Administrative Board of the Ponta Delgada Artificial Harbor Works, the Bureau of Mines, the National Rope- Works, and the House of Correction and Central Jail, both at Lisbon. 18 274 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. Participation by Foreign Governments. Sweden and Norway. SWEDEN AND NORWAY. The Diet appropriated $110,000 to cover the entire expenses of Sweden and her exhibitors. The latter were not only relieved of the cost of transportation, installation, show-cases, insurance, etc., but traveling and living expenses were allowed to those exhibitors or agents who accompanied their goods to Philadelphia. The Commission procured a large number of articles of which it was itself the exhibitor, such as life-sized lay-figures representing national and military costumes, a model school-house, and exhibits representing the Educational and War Departments. It also published an official sectional Catalogue. Salaries of 3000 crowns each were allowed to six scientists and civil engi- neers, and of 1000 crowns each to ten mechanics of different industries, that they might prepare reports of their studies at the Exhibilion, for publication by the Commission. On behalf of the Government, exhibits were made by the Departments of the Army and of Interior Affairs. The display made by Norway came largely from private exhibitors, whom the Govern- ment aided so far as to bear the costs of transportation and installation, while leaving them to provide their own show-cases and insurance. The ornamental wooden inclosure which surrounded the Norwegian Court in the Main Exhibition Building was erected at the cost of the Government. The public institutions under its control which exhibited were the Kongsberg Silver Mines, the Geological Survey of Norway, the Geographical Survey of Norway, the Statistical Bureau of Norway, the Director of Public Schools of Norway, the Board of Common Schools of Bergen, and the Museum of Bergen. Switzerland. SWITZERLAND. The National Assembly, by an Act dated June 29, 1875, authorized the participation of the Swiss Confederation in the Exhibition and appropriated $50,000, with which to defray the costs of administration, the arrangement and installation of exhibits, including show- cases and tables, freights, and insurance. Other expenses were borne by the exhibitors. The Federal Government appeared as an exhibitor only through the Department of Public "Instruction and Science. Several of the Cantons, however, made governmental exhibits in the Groups of Education, Engineering, and Architecture. Tunis. TUNIS. The Bey appointed a Commission of twelve manufacturers and merchants, who, under the presidency of the Minister of Public Works, selected and prepared the articles exhibited. All of these were manufactured expressly for the Exhibition, except some antiquities and historical collections of arms. The Government bore the cost of installing the objects shown by individual exhibitors, but not of their transportation. "Venezuela. VENEZUELA. The exhibits for the most part consisted of samples of natural products, vegetable and mineral, together with publications and some manufactured articles. Nearly all were presented by the Venezuelean Commission, after the close of the Exhibition, to public institutions throughout the United States. .