^$$mm'Mmm^ IT"? 'c^.'^."' 'f"»r'^ ■;-'■■/, t*^,.',r.V{''i^' ■:', ; ::.-SLi?^j^r:j.:^-.':.-^^^V-\y;-*o^'-.f;X.r>'->:-t.>:V :<:' r.-^Zr- .'V ■'. r- .I'^.i-' ^ t' : WkM mm: >-Jt.>, <>-x, . /^/T ' THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES •-^^li^;-^ >#i.'^I It^^ \ 'Put none but Annericans on guard to-night," GEORGE WASHINGTON. AMERICA S NEXT WAR BT H. W. BOLTON, Author of "Home and Social Life," "The Soul's Cry," "Patriotism," "Our Fallen Heroes," and "Reminiscences." INTRODUCTION BY GEN. GEORGE P. SMITH, PAST NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF P. 0. S. OF A. PUBLISHED BY H. W, BOLTON 409 West Monkoe Stbeet CHICAGO, ILL. 1892. DEDICATION. TO THE PATRIOTIC SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF AMERICA, THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1892, BY HORACE W. BOLTON, in the Office of Librarian of Congress at Washington. i 6431 a. PREFACE. SHE addresses to be found in this volume were delivered from time to time before patriotic organizations. Some of them have been printed in the local papers, and also in my book "Patriotism," which is now out of print. The claims and the threats of Romanists, their demand and reception of moneys from the public treasury to be used for their private interests, are so well known, that we believe there is a demand for organized effort in defense of one country, one flag, and one language for all our people. We send this volume forth, hoping it may do something toward creating a purer devotion for the American home, school, and church. H. W. BOLTON. CONTENTS. PAGE. I. Title-Page - - - - - 1 II. Dedication ----- 2 III. Peeface ------ 3 IV. Introduction - - - - 5 V. Theeats and Methods of Attack - - 9 VI. Waening ----- 25 VII. Wabning — Continued - - - - 39 VIII. OuE Hebitage. (G. M.) - - - 55 IX. OuE Hebitage, (C. and I.) - - - 73 X. OuE Heritage, ( R. and M.) - - 93 XI. Who Fought the Battles? - - 108 XII. America fob Ameeicans - - - m XIII. Claims of Romanism - - - 127 XIV. OuB Hope, P. O. S. of A. - - - 137 XV. Daughters of America - - - 159 XVI. Daughters of America, By Mrs. Geo. P. Smith, Isational President - - 177 XVII. Homes ------ 183 XVIII. OuB Public Schools - - - 201 XIX. OuE Public Schools — Continued - - 217 XX. OuB Public Schools — Continued - - 229 XXI. The Bennett Law - - - - 249 XXII. The Church - - - - 257 XXIII. Nations Without Bibles - - - 271 INTRODUCTION. There has never been a time in the history of this Repub- lic, when a book like the one I have the honor of commend- ing to the public, could accomplish more, or was more needed, than at the present time. We live in a wonderful country and a still more wonder- ful age. The onward march of progress has bridged the mighty rivers, tunneled the majestic mountains, converted the beautiful forests into cities, and built up a nation of happy homes, with a prosperous, thriving and intelligent people. Through its introduction of the telegraph and telephone we have prompt communication with all the nations of the world. Its inauguration of the grandest and noblest system of gov- ernment has unfurled to the breezes of heaven ttie most beau- tiful flag the world has ever seen. The rock upon which this government rests is its system of common school education. This system presents men, not slaves and bigots. Our educational interests are not hampered by the doc- trines and superstitions of other days, but deal with the grave interests of the present, and children, through the discipline, come out good patriotic Americans. American life is at heart so full and vigorous that its bound- ing pulses cannot be checked in its remotest members by any speculative extravagance or moral anomaly. The newborn watchwords of brotherhood, equality, nobility and industry are so irresistibly strong and immutably grand that nothing can impede their triumphant career. Other natious look on, with mingled fear and admiration. (V) VI INTRODUCTION. Whether feared or admired, loved or hated, America presses onward with indomitable purpose, bearing on her bosom the mightiest people of the earth, a people destined to discover for themselves and for others the life a nation must live in order to be truly great and happy. Yet with all these advantages, we are in danger on account of enemies lurking in ambush, ready at an instant's notice to spring upon our free institutions and take from this great American people their sacred birthright. If this Republic is to last through the coming ages, it must have the affection of the entire American people; it must be closely guarded by laws and firmly defended by its citizens; the self-respect of the American youth must be built up by stimulating his pride in his country, raising his estimation of the deeds of his ancestry, teaching him that in his veins flows the blood of the heroes of '76 and '65, and that he is a descend- ant of the grandest race of Liberty's defendants this world ever knew. We must look well to the home life of our people, for what the home life is, the nation will be. We must also look well to our school life, and make education in the language, prin- ciples and history of America one of the conditions of en- franchisement. The education of all our children should be in strict accord with our republican forms and presented in one language, and it should be the work of the state to see that all are educated. It should not be left to the church, to chance, or to charity. The author of this book is doing a noble work in placing these claims and dangers before the people. Thirty years ago, he shouldered a musket and went into the thickest of the fight in order that the glorious "Stars and Stripes" might float over a free country within whose bounds there would not breathe a slave. Since that mighty conflict, which bathed this nation in blood, he has lifted his voice and wielded his pen in behalf of the free institutions of his native land. He has been iden- tified with every patriotic movement that has been instituted INTRODUCTION. VII for the purpose of educating and enlightening the people — in every way he has been the servant of the people. In this work he presents to the public sonae startling facts backed up by proofs that cannot be doubted, and every per- son who studies its pages will become a better citizen and patriot, for it will not only teach him his duty, but will inspire him with a spirit to do it. Brethren of the Patriotic Order Sons of America, read this book, cause your friend to read it, and say to yourselves that in the long vista of the years to come, you will never see your country's honor fade, but will foster and stimulate a pride in freedom that forbids her people being overshadowed by the thick-ribbed towers of oppression. To my dear friend, the author, I would say, "I have many times been bound by the magic influence of your eloquence, and I know something of the grand work you have been doing. ' 'May your pathway over the rugged hill of life lead through many pleasant places, where strains of melody and flowers of beauty inspire you to still grander work, and fill your mind with beautiful thoughts, until you shall have crossed the dark river and entered that beautiful summer-land where before the Throne of our great Commander you may join with the patriots gone before in singing, " 'My country, 'tis of thee, Sweet land of Liberty.' " Most respectfully and fraternally yours, George P. Smith, Past National President Patriotic Order Sons of America. GEO. P. SMITH, National President P. O. S. op A. AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. THREATS AND METHODS OF ATTACK. If -we are to have another contest in the near future of our national existence, I predict that the dividing line vpill not be Mason's and Dixon's, but between Patriotism and Intelli- gence on the one side, and Superstition, Ambition and Igno- rance on the other. — S. Grant. The wars of the past have settled great and im- portant questions. They have g^iven the world a knowledge of America's wealth, power, intelligence, conviction and courage, wherewith her institutions clothes her sons and daughters, until our cities and men are known the world over. The London Specta- tor, one of Europe's greatest organs, says: "No State, however powerful, will ever again do with ease any- thing to which the American Republic is strongly opposed. There is no diplomatist in Europe who does not know this ; or who docs not hold that Napoleon III. was only sane in quitting Mexico, — and that Prince Bismarck showed his wisdom when, rather than quarrel seriously with Washington, he aban- doned all pretensions in Samoa." Nevertheless there is a great foe within our midst that threatens and seeks to destroy all that America (9) 10 AMERICA'S I^EXT WAR. holds sacred, and for which her sous have fought, sufi'ered and died — a foe which has put forth its threats for nearly half a century. In 1854, Aug. 15, Pius IX. in his Encyclical Letter said — "The ab- surd and erroneous doctrines and ravings in defense of liberty of conscience, are a most pestilential error — a })est of all others most to be dreaded in a State." Again, the same Pope in 1864 anathematized all Romanists "who maintained that the church should not employ force ;" and yet the sons of Puritan blood w^hose fathers fled the scorching flames of persecu- tion and sufi'ered privation, destitution and death for their offspring in order that we might worship God according to the dictation of conscience, seem un- moved and indifterent. I wonder some of these sacred forms do not awake, arise and shake their liony fingers in our faces with holy horror at our long slumbering. Again, we believe free speech and a free press to be one of the foundation-stones of our free institu- tions. Pius IX. anathematized all who maintain the liberty of the press and advocate freedom of speech. He calls it the "liberty of perdition," and American leaders have passed on as though nothing had been said. But their bold threats arc directed to the chief of our institutions — our Public Schools. We look on them as indispensable to the permanency of the Republic. It is generally believed by our best states- men that a Repul)lic cannot live, grow and prosper without the universal difiusion of knowledge ; and ROMANISTS IX POLITICS, 11 that free education is the only nicdinm through which such an end can be attained. Rome says (Papal Encyclical XLV.): "The Romish church has a right to interfere in the discipline of the public schools and in the management of the studies of the public schools, and in the choice of the teachers for these schools. " The attitude of the Roman church toward our schools is not simply one of non-approval, "but of decided hostility' '( Vicar' General of Boston^ March mh, 1879). "It will be a glorious day for the Catholics in this country, Avhen under the blows of justice and moral- ity, our school system will be shivered to pieces" [CatJiolic Telegraph). Rev. Dr. Josiah Strong, in "Our Country," pages 54 and 55, says: "Our brief examination of the underlying principles of Romanism almost renders superfluous any consideration of its attitude toward our free institutions. If alive, it must necessarily be ao-gressive ; and it is alive. Cardinal Mannino; advises Romanists throughout the world to enter politics as Homariists, and to do this especially in Enoland and the United States. In our larse cities the priests are already in politics, and to some purpose. The authorities of New York city, during the eleven years preceding 1880, gave to the Roman church real estate valued at $3,500,000, and money to the amount of $5,827,471; this in exchange for Romish votes, and every cent of it paid in violation of law. 12 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. This suggests, in passing, that the Catholic church is storing up power by amassing immense wealth. Father Hecker says that the aggregate wealth of the Roman church in the United States increased from nine millions in 1850 to twenty-six millions in 1860, and to sixty millions in 1870." Here are some predictions : ''There is ere long to be a State religion in this country, and that State religion is to be Roman Catholic" {Father Hecker^ 1870). "The man to-day is living who will sec a majority of the people of the American continent Roman Catholics" {Boston Pilot). "Effectual plans are in operation to give us the complete vic- tory over Protestantism'' (^1 former Bishop of Cin- cinnati). ' 'Within thirty years the Protestant heresy will come to an end" {Bishop of Charleston). These utterances are quite worthless as prophecies, but are valuable as confessions. They indicate un- mistakably the attitude of Romanism in the United States. There surely can be no question on that point since the open declaration of the Pope that "America is the hope of Rome." Half a century ago, Gregory XYL, who held that "the salvation of the church would come from America," said : "Out of the Roman States there is no country where I am Pope, except the United States." It is of importance to thinking men that one-sixth of our entire population violently denounce our Pub- lic Schools, brand them as godless, threaten their overthrow^ and in public, l)y speech and through ROMANISTS TO GOVERN THE SCHOOLS. 13 the press, set forth reasons for the utter annihilation of the system. In a book that you may find in every CathoHc book store of America, entitled "Judofes of Faith: Christian vs. Godless Schools," a book containing the rulings of 3S0 of the highest church dignitaries, including Bishops, Arch-Bishops and Cardinals, we read that the Public Schools are infidel and sodlcss and therefore must be avoided. In the Catholic World published in Chicago in 1891, we read: "All education must be governed by God, unerringly indicated by the Pope, and must be controlled by the Catholic church. The Catholic church numbers one third of the population of America to-day. If it increases until the year 1900 at the same rate, it will have a majority. Then the Romanists must use their vote. Education must be controlled even to war and bloodshed." This is but one of the many threats made against our Public Schools, the bulwark of our constitutional liberties. By what method do they purpose to overthrow our educational system? Peaceably, if possible, by taking the position of the persecuted, and posing like martyrs to create sympathy and sentiment in their behalf. This position taken only where the Protestant element is strong and well entrenched. But Bishop Ireland stood out boldly and said Amer- ica for Catholicism, and then counseled with his superiors in office at home and abroad for taking the centers of our country. Ten cities in this country control the RepubUc to-day, financially, socially 14 AMERICA'S NEXT WAE. and politically. These are the orreat centers of power; and while two-thirds of the people in this country are native-born, Chicago is made up of 92 per cent, foreign-born, or children of foreign-born parentage. And this is largely true also of the other nine cities. If there is a promising lot in a control- ing center the Romanists are after it, while Protest- ants are contented to take the center of the block, some side-track or alle}-. The result is made to ap- pear with great advantage to the Romanists when- ever an ovation is given to any dignitary of that church. Archbishop Feehan, of Chicago, received an ovation in 1890 just before the election, in celebra- tion of his 25th year in his present position. Every Roman church in Chicago poured out its hundreds and thousands, who with shouts, torches, flags, transparencies, bands, and cannon, formed one of the largest processions this city has ever seen. Dr. Edwards, in speaking of it, says: "The whole army marched in review past the Archbishop, and amid cheers and the tiring of artillery compelled the whole city to consciousness of the vast and impress- ive array. Assembled in the Auditorium, there were addresses in the language of the German, French, Bohemian, Pole, Italian, Celt. One priest delivered his appointed speech, in which he talked about the patriotic loyalty of the Romanist and had his word concerning the 'Godless schools' of the land. The parochial school was praised, and the ARCHBISHOP FEEHAX'S OVATION. 15 impressive occasion was made to count in favor of the Romanist view of some public current things upon which the church aims to deliver its implied ultimatum, and announce its unvarying preferences to those who search for majorities during the com- ing November days. There was subsequently a vast cono;reo:ation of children who came fresh from their seats in the ]:)arochial schools, and who lustily sang their long list of patriotic songs as evidence that Rome fairly aches to indoctrinate its young with love for republican institutions. While we see clearly that these people sincerely enjoyed these proofs of devotion to their church, and were more than glad to honor God according to their training, it did seem as if the flag and the patriotic elements in the jubilee rather savored of the cut-and-diy in order to make a point in the public ear. A school is not godless if it has but the sanctity of Romanist control, and the public and liberty ai'e all right if it is distinctly understood that definitions are edited in the Vatican." Pending the campaign in Wisconsin in 1890, the Romish priest in Berlin, who is said to have the largest church in the state, declared in a printed circular, which was distributed among his people, that "the time is not far ofi when the Roman churches, by order of the Pope, will refuse to pay the school taxes, and sooner than pay the agent or collector, will put a bullet through his breast." This order can come at any time from Rome, and it will come as 16 AMERICA'S XEXT WAR, suddenly as the pulling of the trigger of a gun, and, of course, it will be obeyed, as it comes from God Almighty. Wisconsin has voted directly upon the compul- sory education issue, and the fate of English in the schools of that state. Illinois, too, voted upon the same question in almost the same shape; and Dr. Edwards, state superintendent of schools, is gone; it was also planned to elect a Roman Catholic lady as Cook County superintendent of public schools, by this monster demonstration of voting material, but ingloriously failed. It was carefully announced that the Archbishop, wdio was the central figure, was the personal chief i)astor of nearly half a million people and inferentially of about 100,000 voters at the election. This whole affair should put non- Romanists upon their guard. No one doubts that, as a rule, every one of the voters in that demonstra- tion or represented in it, voted; as the public schools have been assailed as never before, and the plan, whose architect is in Rome, begins to unfold. A great political party in AVisconsin has cast itself into the hands of the enemies of our schools. Rom- ish Bishops in that state openly instructed the devo- tees of that church to vote in a certain way, and not to fail so to do at their peril. We say plainly that all parties, though some have committed them- selves to the defence of the public schools, have yielded too far to the demands of the enemies of those schools, by even consulting them with re- BE IN TIME. 17 spect to some of the points at issue. We speak, not with any weak alarmist's proclivities, but simply to wake the dozing, and inform the indifierent. This assault upon our school system must not be allowed to acquire too much momentum. It is all prevised, and the indifference of many non-Roman- ists is counted upon. Germany conquered because Gen. von Moltke planned all his campaign long be- fore war was declared. His battles were few but decisive, because he fairly crushed his enemy before the latter realized that war was actually coming. When the morning of battle dawned he calmly opened his maps in some tent in the rear, and moved his battalions in crushing weight and with irresistible momentum. After fio-hting beffan, he waited in calm confidence that a succession of cour- iers would hasten with news of the victory he had planned in advance, and reckoned upon as if fate had actually made the record before his eyes. War maps in the Vatican include the elements of a pre- determined assault upon certain of our republican institutions, and among the weapons are professions of ultra-loyalty to American interests. The Catholic Home of February, 1891, in com- menting on some remarks made on Washington's birthday, said: "If American patriotism is to be fostered and kept alive by such methods as were pursued in this city last Sunday and Monday, then it were far better to let it die. Under the pretext of honoring 18 AMERICAS NEXT WAR. Washington's memory, certain sectarian fanatics whose reliction consists in hatino; and revilins: the Catholic church, preached a know-nothing uativisni and no-popery which would have disgusted the just and generous soul of Washington. In his day he administered a stern rebuke to the unmannerly bigots whose anti-Catholic prejudices would have affronted the Catholics of Canada and France. The Methodist preachers who turned the day sacred to the memory of Washington into an occasion for un- christian and un-American attacks on the patriot- ism of others, should remember that as a class the most disloyal class of sectarians in America in the time of Washington wore the Methodists, and the most notoriously disloyal of the Methodists were the preachers, and the man who advised and en- treated them to be disloyal to America was John Wesley. If the preachers want some information on this subject, we can furnish it to their entire satisfaction." To which Dr. Arthur Edwards of The North- Western Christian Advocate replied in the follow- ing editorial: "The ingenuity and audacity of this misstatement compel respect — almost. It is now in order for that paper to propose to prove that Methodists 'as a class' were 'notoriously disloyal' in our recent civil war. The Methodist church was not organized as a church during the Revolution against Enofland. Messrs. Boardman and PiHmore, the first itinerants, landed DISLOYAL METHODISTS. 19 from England in October, 17G9, and the few Meth- odists they had gathered when the Revolution began considered themselves of the Church of England. Like thousands of Eomanists in this country at that time a few Methodists were in doubt somewhat con- cerning their loyalty to the English crown. Pres- ently all the English preachers who opposed the Revolution went back to England. Asbury, as the head of our Methodist work, declined to oppose English claims. The Methodist cause was the only church work that thrived during the Revolution. Other churches were scattered, but our church more than quadrupled its ministry and membership dur- ing the war. Had Methodists been disloyal 'as a class,' they would have been exterminated, as they Avould have deserved to be. One preacher sup- ported the English king, but he was driven from the country; and one other, who was first recreant to Methodism, enlisted 300 men to tight with the tories; but he was punished, and in part b}' Metho- dist help. "A few Wesleyans may have been tories at a time when fathers were arrayed against their sons, and when brothers enlisted in opposing armies. The Revolution was at first opposed by many loyal patri- ots. Indeed, some few Methodists did exactly as tens of thousands of Romanists did in the South during the civil war for slavery. For every Meth- odist who took up arms against the American Con- gress during the Revolution, ten thousand Roman 20 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR, Catholics fought against the Union during the recent civil war. It may have escaped the attention of this super-American Home Catholic that the Methodist church, after it was organized in America, was the first of all American religious bodies to congratulate Washington and hail the authority of this republican commonwealth. Bishops Coke and Asbury in their address to the President spoke of the 'glorious revolution,' and at a later date ap- pointed a day of thanksgiving, which was gladly observed by the people, who thanked God for 'the o-eneral union and o;overnment' and for 'the admi- rable revolution.' "Washington never administered any stinging re- buke to Methodists or any other people for repudi- atino; and condemning the teachings of a foreig'n church whose head as to civil issues is on the Tiber. Americans have grave reasons to protest against the dominion in this country of an ecclesiastical power that orders its American subjects to subordi- nate their civil lo^^alty to a foreign prince. "Washington, were he alive, would approve everj^ word spoken in Chicago by defenders of American- ism on the last anniversar}^ of his birth. The Father of his Country warned his people against 'en- tangling alliances.' No genuine citizen can imagine an entangling alliance more menacing to this repub- lic than that entered into by Americans who consent to be subject to Rome in its political assumptions. Every adopted citizen is welcomed and respected as WESLEY AN ENGLISHMAN. 21 a brother who is an American first and a Roman Catholic or Methodist next. If Wesley were alive in England, and should he assume to influence or control directly or indirectly the suflVages of Amer- ican Methodists, as Roman priests directed the suffrages of Wisconsin citizens last November, he would be repudiated and his obedient followers sharply challenged. Wesley was simply loyal to hiy king when he advised American Methodists to abstain from revolution, ])ut that advice was ulti- mately one of the reasons why American Methodists chose to become entirely separate from Wesley's English chuich. "There is not a scrap of history to prove the asser- tions of the Rome Catholic, though we doubt not the entire ability of the above-quoted teacher of Americans to manufacture the article to order. Writers of that ilk have already done remarkable work of the kind for use in public schools in some cities of this country wherein political Romanists have obtained control." John Wesley was an Englishman, living in Eng- land, an ordained clergyman of the English church, and every principle of patriotism, honor and loyalty required that he should support his king and gov- ernment. The editor of the Home Catholic must have been laboring under the impression that Wes- ley was an American, when he brings the charge of disloj-alty against him because he did not take sides with the colonists in the Revolutionary w^ar. By 22 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. the same process of reasoning, in case of a war be- tween England and the United States, Mr. Glad stone should be charged with disloyalty if he should support the Queen and her government. GEANT. If solid happiness we prize, Within our breast the jewel lies, And they are fools who roam; The world has nothing to bestow; From our own selves our joy must flow, And that dear hut our home. — Cotton. Earth has more awful ruins — one lost mind. Whose star is quenched, hath lessons for mankind Of deeper import than each prostrate dome, Mingling its marble with the dust of Rome, There is an hour when vain remorse First wakes in her eternal force; When pardon may not be retrieved, When conscience will not be deceived. — Hemans. (xxiv) CHAPTER 11. WARNING. Light ! Agency of God ! First in point of crea- tion and importance; bringing with its rays subjects for the philosopher, thoughts for the poet and knowl- edge to the student. King of forces ! Prince of agencies ! With a force unknown and irresistible, it converts the dark earth into woody tibre, beautiful leaf, delicate flower, delightful perfume and delicious fruit. The life and execution of the law of growth — soil, seed, air and heat — move at nature's command; but move to little purpose, until the chemical force of light moves them to the inherent capabilities of growth, and leads forth into life, beauty and bounti- ful harvests. This wonderful agency we call light, controls the winds; because of it they blow in gentle zephyrs, or are lashed by the fury of the tempest; by it mists rise, rains fall, snows cover the mountams, to feed rivers, and keep the Niagaras thundering from age to age. At its command grasses spring up and cover the earth, forests lift their heads and withstand the sweeping tempests. From this glory, seen in morning chariots, earth is (25) 26 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. freighted with coal. These coal mines are only a con- densed form of sunlight, transformed to do work on sea and land, by turning the wheels of industry, to wake the slumbers of the valley and forest, render- ing vocal the flinty forces of old earth. Who wonders that God should appear in this em- blem, and say to mortals: "I make the out-goings of the morning and evening to rejoice ? " And what wonder that poets sing: "The rising sun, serenely bright, Throughout the world's extended frame. Inscribes, in characters of light. His mighty Maker's glorious name." As a messenger of good, none moves so quickly, and yet safely. Swiftness almost inconceivable I 186,000 miles a second, or 11,160,000 miles a min- ute. And this it does everv minute, age after aofe: never waiting for supply or magnet to reinforce it in its ever-onward flight. It illumines worlds, floods space, and yet never forgets to cheer the drooping vine, and rejoice the eye and heart of every child of earth. "Day-spring of eternity ! Dawn on us this morning tide." But still another office held by this indescribable gift is worthy of thought: "God said: 'Let there be light;' Grim darkness felt His might, And fled away; Then startled seas and mountains cold Shone forth, all bright in blue and gold. And cried, ' 'Tis day, 'tis day.' LIGHT. 2T " 'Hail, holy light.' ' exclaimed The thundrous cloud, that flamed O'er daisies white; And, lo! the rose, in crimson dressed, Leaned sweetly on the lily's breast. And, blushing, murmured: 'Light.'" The revealer! As such, its wonders are untold, unexplorable. Men have, by its aid, explored the tropics of Africa, reached Arctic centers, felt along the ocean's bed, and counted nature's pulse; but still their guide and revealer remains, with unimparted secrets, to guide the Newtons of time into new and unvisited realms of hidden glories. In this office light has seven representatives: The red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. To each is given a peculiar significance; and to the red is given that of warning. All along our railways and sea- coasts is seen this warning light; and none in com- mand dare pass it unheeded. That this is wise, all agree, for railroad accidents are many and sad; but the moral wrecks along the way of life are more, and sadder. The dikes, reared by our fathers, no longer hold. The uplifted tide bears in upon us from the sea of modern temptations, and the most sacred interests suflfer. Every fortress is entered by the fiends of vice. Philanthropists have exhausted their source of strength in support of positions taken; but the drama of old becomes the massacre of to-day. Science has entered every chamber and cell, where secret forces were stored, until mountains bow, 28 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. clouds tarry, and join with ocean depth and rocky cell, in offering the fossihzed experience of the ages in warnings, only to be scorned by the sophomores in vice. The Christian's church, the house of purity and the throne of integrity, has turned too largely from the work of character-building to that of sentiment and entertainment, until the Samaritans are all out of breath, running after religious tramps. But where shall we place this red light — this warning signal ? First, I would place one at the loafers' corner — one of the most dangerous places in our land. I once saw written on a board, nailed to a tree over- hanofino; Niagara: "Two men fell here." This was a warning; and while only two men of the many who have been coming and going for the last two hundred years have fallen, yet a constant warning remains. Every day, hour — yea, every minute, hundreds are falling at the loafers' corner, into depths more ruinous than Niagara's foaming waters. Give me knowledge of a boy's leisure hours, and I will give you a history of his life. If they are filled with plans for usefulness, he will appear, sooner or later, in eminence among his fellow-men. Nothing can curse a community so much as a class of men and women who have no regular busi- ness; for they not only consume without producing, but they are almost always tattlers; and they hear and tell too much, having nothing else to do but IDLENESS. 29 listen and repeat. God dares not trust the angels in idleness ; hence he employs them as ministering spirits. Idleness begets evil ; and the lounger about the base-ball grounds and billiard saloon never produces anything to bless society, or benefit the world. Hundreds and thousands have been waitinij for ten years for the hard times to pass by ; just as the man sat upon the bank of a river, waiting for it to run dry, so that he could cross without effort. While they tarry, forests and prairies have been waiting for their coming, with offers of reward. Time is money; and no man need spend one single moment in idle- ness or unrewarded labor. Idleness is i)Overty, and leads to immorality. A loafer is always a grumblero He broods upon his difficulties until, like well-nursed cubs, they liecome great bears. Thought must be touched by impulse, l)efore it lives. Many thouglit of the wire, electrified ; l^ut Morse ])rought to his thought action; and to-day we feel the throbs of his hrain. Go, then, hang a light in the loafers' camp; for nothing on earth is so much to be feared as a chronic old grumbler at the loafers' corner; and this evil is growing. During the decade ending Jan. 7th, 1892, 5,200,- 000 men, women and children were landed on our shores from the old world, the great per cent, of whom are utterly ignorant of our form of govern- ment, and filled with prejudices against our institu- tions. 30 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Their chief business for the next ten years will be to find fault with American interests, methods and institutions. Those who do not s^-mpathize will strive at once to secure positions on the police force or as aldermen and collectors. And they will suc- ceed, for to-day the board of aldermen for New York City is composed of saloon-keepers, and, almost to a man, each of them a CathoHc. These are the vote- makers. In the center of Massachusetts there is a leading town where, out of forty-seven public offi- cers chosen, forty-four are Catholics. In Boston they have at work in the city's employ 514 in the sewer department, 684 in the paving department, 592 on public parks and grounds. Out of this total of 2,054 men only 200 are probably American or Protestant. In 1888 an American could scarce! v get a job of any sort. Catholics got the work for vot- ing their own interests. Hundreds of saloons were licensed, while Dr. Gordon was fined §10 for preach- ing the gospel upon the common. This, under the shadow of Bunker Hill monument. And I think it is clearly proven by Dr. Strong in his excellent book, "Our Country," and by the in- crease of last year, that this tide of immigration must increase and grow more lawless in the years to come. I quote from pages 32-38: "The French are fickle. Since the Revolution no regime has contin- ued for twenty consecutive years. The Republic is not yet twentj^-two years old, and the question may fairly be raised, whether it can stand the necessary GERMANY. 31 political probation of a French government! And if the Republic becomes permanent, which now seems likely, it will operate as a constant thorn in the side of European monarchies, by stirring up pop- ular discontent. ''In Germany the Revolution of 1848 showed that the German people, always lovers of freedom, had grasped the principles of civil liberty ; but it also showed that they had no practical knowledge of self- government. During these thirty-seven years of in- creasing acquaintance with our free institutions, their love of liberty has been growing, but in the science of self-government they have gained no experience. They are ruled by an Imperialist, and the German Chancellor is an old man. There is no one in train- ing to take Bismarck's place, and in an important sense he can have no successor ; for, in consolidating the empire, he has done for Germany what, in the nature of the case, no other man can do. Germany, therefore, has tolerated from him what it will toler- ate from no other man. 'The existing regime will, doubtless, last his time; and is all the more likely to do so because everybody knows it will not survive him.'' * Here, then, is a mighty people, liberty- loving, having no practical knowledge of self-gov- ernment, and he who rules them is an old man. It looks as if the death of the Emperor and that of the great Chancellor would be the signal for movements little short of revolutionarv. German emigration * The Nation tor April 3rd, 18G4. 32 AMERICA'S ^TEXT WAR. for 1882 was probably a quarter of a million. No wonder a member of the Reichstag recently cried: 'The German people have now but one want — money enough to get to America;' and revolution in Germany means a still greater exodus. "In Austria, Nihilism is active; and a blow struck bv Nihilists last year so terrified the Government that several provinces of the empire were placed under military rule. "In Italy, the Italians are worse fed than any other })eople in Europe, save the Portuguese. The tax- collector takes thirty-one per cent, of the people's earnings! According to a newly issued report upon the crown-lands, upwards of 60,000 small proprie- tors have been evicted because unable to pay the taxes. And taxes are increasing. Notwithstand- ing the industrial advance made by Italy from 1870 to 1880, the national debt increased so much more rapidly that the nation was $200,000,000 poorer in 1880 than ten years before. Growing population and increasing taxation are already resulting in in- creased emigration. Italy, pressed by want as severe as that of Ireland, may yet send a like flood upon us. . "In Russia, the throne of the Czar stands on a volcano. Alexander III. seems fully committed to Imperialism, and the Revolutionists are fully de- termined that the people shall assist in the work of government. They are wholly unrestrained b}' any religious scruples, and do not hesitate to sacrifice UNREST. 33 themselves as well as their enemies in the execution of their plans, 'The Government may continue to arrest and hang as long as it likes, and may suc- ceed in suppressing single revolutionary bodies. * * But this will not change the state of things. Revo- lutionists will be created by events; by the general discontent of the whole of the people; by the ten- dency of Russia toward new social forms. An en- tire nation cannot be suppressed.'* The utterly lawless warfare of the Nihilists naturally prevents the Czar from making any concessions, while his arbitrary and oppressive acts deepen popular dis- content. Apparently, the repressive policy of the Government and popular agitation will serve each to intensify the other, until there results a spasmodic convulsion throughout Russia. And revolution in Russia means increased emigration. ''Throughout Great Britain there is much popular discontent, which will doubtless increase as Eng- land loses her manufacturing supremacy. The late Mr. Fawcettf says that local expenditure, if it increases during the next quarter of a century as during the last, will exceed that of the Imperial Government. In Liverpool, for example, rates in 1S41 amounted to less than $2.00 per caput; they now amount to more than $9.00 per caput. Local authorities now raise $200,000,000 a year for local purposes, and have an annual deficit of $100,000,- * Address of the "Executive Committee" to tlie Emperor, March 10th, 1881. Underground Russia, p. 267. t Manual of Political Economy. 3-i AMERICA'S XEXT WAR. 000, which is met by borrowing. Local indebtedness has increased from 8165,000,000 in 1867 to $600,000,- 000 in 1884:. In 1880 the amomit of mortgage on hmded property in Great Britain and Ireland was 58 per cent, of its full value. An Englishman, writing on the coming revolution in England,* says you can scarcely find an educated Englishman who, if his sober judgment is appealed to, will not tell you there is every likelihood that a complete social and political reorganization will be attempted in those Islands before the close of the nineteenth century. Thomas Hughes says: 'We may despise the pres ent advocates of social democracy, and make light of their sayings and doings; but there is no man who knows what is really going on in England but will admit that there w^ill have to be a serious reckoning with them at no distant day.' There is but one Gladstone, and he is an old man. A writer in the British Quarterly \ says: 'The retirement of Mr. Gladstone will be the breaking up of the great deep in English politics.' And social and political dis- turbance in Great Britain mean increased emigration. "The progress of civilization is in the direction of popular government. All kings and their armies cannot reverse the wheels of human progress. 1 think it was Victor Hugo who, with prophetic ear, heard a European of some coming generation say: 'Why, we once had kings over here !' All the * North American Revieiv, October, 1882. tApril, 1883. DEMAND FOR MILITARY. 35 races of Europe will one clay enjoy the civil liberty which now seems the peculiar birthright of the Anglo-Saxon. De Tocqucville, whom Mr. Glad- stone calls the Edmund Burke of his generation, said he regarded the progress of democratic princi- ples in government as a providential fact, the result of a divine decree. . Matthew Arnold, after his re- cent visit to America, speaking of the republican form of government, said: 'It is the only event- ual form of government for all people.' Great revolutions, then, are to take place in Europe, why not within the next twenty-five years — some of them? And judging the future by the past, they will not be peaceful. The giant is blind and grinding in his prison-house, howbeit his locks are growing, and we know not how soon he may bow himself between the pillars of despotism. "In Continental Europe generally the best years of all able-bodied men are demanded for military duty. Germans must be seven years in the army, and give three of them to active service; the French, nine years in the army and five years in active service; Austrians, ten years in the army and three in active service; Russians, fifteen years in the army and six in active service. When not in active service they are un- der certain restrictions. In addition to all this, when no longer members of the army, they are liable to be called on to do military duty for a period varying from two to five years. This robbery of a man's life will continue to be a powerful stimulus to emi- 36 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. gration ; and the 'blood tax' which is required to support these millions of men during unproductive years is steadily increasing. While aggregate taxa- tion decreased in the United States from 1870 to 1S80, 9.15 percent., it increased in Europe 28.01 per cent. The increase in Great Britain was 20.17 per cent.; in France, 30.13 per cent.; in Russia, 87.83 per cent.; in Sweden and Norway, 50.10 per cent.; in Germany 57.81 per cent. And notwithstanding the burden of taxation is so heavy and so rapidly increasing, the public debts of Europe are making frightful growth. They have nearly doubled in tift'cen years, and in 1880 were $22,265,000,000. The cost of government has risen fifty per cent, in ten years. If existing tendencies continue a quarter of a century more, they must precipitate a terrible financial catastrophe and perhaps a great social crisis. Moreover, the pressure of a dense population is in- creasing, 22,225,000 souls having been added to the population of Europe during the ten years preced- ing 1880. Europe could send us an unceasing stream of 2,000,000 emigrants a year for a century and yet steadily increase her population." We find, therefore, the prospect of political com- motions, the thumb-screw of taxation, given a fre- <]uent turn, and a dense population is sure to settle in our midst. Every year the traveling facilities render it easier to reach the fair fields lying beneath the sunlight of our western slopes. Every year in- creases the investments of foreign capital beyond the THE LION OR OX-WIIICH? 37 Mississippi, where this generation will live to see 30,000,000 foreigners settle who, with their own language and instincts, will have the power to or- ganize a kingdom of their own. What is beinsr done to Americanize this vast multitude ? Little^ very little. Most of our leaders seem to think, when they think at all, that we are thoroughly competent to control and Americanize this ever-increasing multitude. Mr. Beecher once said: "When a lion eats an ox, the ox becomes lion^ not the lion, ox;'' but the question is which is to be ox, and which lion. Are we to entertain foreigners, or are they com- ing over here to entertain us ? Should not there be more stringent laws governing immigration ? Now's the day, and now's the hour. —Burn$. O, let the soul her slumber break. Let thought be quickened and awake! —Longfellow. Who of us can tell What he had been had Cadmus never taught The art that fixes into form the thought — Had Plato never spoken from his cell? — Bulwer. Ye make the past our heritage and home. — Bulwer Unless above himself he can Erect himself, how poor a thing is man. — Daniel. Murmuring the names of mighty men, They bid our streams roll on; And lend high thoughts to every glen Where valiant deeds were done. — Eemans. (xxxviii.) CHAPTER III. WARNING CONTINUED. America is resting largely upon her greatness in territory, wealth, institutions, form of government and world-wide recognition of power. And this is not strange, for in the language of Milton, "Me- thinks I see in ray mind a noble and puissant nation rousing herself like a strong man after sleep, and shaking her invincible locks. Methinks I see her as an eagle renewing her mighty youth, and kindling her undazzled eyes at the full mid-day beam, purg- ing and unsealing her long-abused sight at the foun- tain itself of heavenly radiance; while the whole noise of timorous and flocking birds, with those also that love the twilight, flutter about, amazed at what she seems." It is perfectly natural for a people to rest in wealth, greatness and undisturbed prosperity. When we note the rapidity with which this republic passes the nations of the earth and takes her place among the foremost kingdoms of the world in credit, manu- factures and agricultural interests, in one hundred years, it is easy to feel that we are safe, for already we dwell in the unknowable and incomprehensible mines of wealth of which Herbert Spencer speaks. (39) 40 AAIERICA'S NEXT WAR. We need not journey long nor far to find it, it is here in our fifty-seven billions. Stretch your mind over this vast sum and think of multiplying it by the undcveloj)ed resources of the untouched mines, fields and stores of these two million five hundred thousand square miles. Other nations have terri- tor}-, fertile plains, sunny skies, with numerical strength that more than quadruples that of America, and yet they have not been able to compete with her in the race, because they have not the men or the institutions for fittino; and training their leaders. Mr. Carnegie has given the world one of the chief elements of strength in his most excellent work, "Triumphant Democracy." "American soldiers fight not for throne, king, or privileged class, but for a country which gives to the humblest every privilege accorded to the greatest." One instinct- ively says: "Where's the coward that would not dare To fight for such a land?" What chance in the struggle has a royalist who cries, "My King" against the citizen whose patri- otic ardor glows as he whispers "My Country!" The "God save the King" of the monarchist grows faint before the nobler strain of the republican — "God bless our native land! Our King, poor trifler, may be beneath consideration, Our country is ever sure of our love." The world is coming to see this when twenty thousand Englishmen met in Bingley Hall, Birming- PRAYER FOR COUNTRY. 41 ham, to honor John Bright. They broke np with a song written for the occasion, and sung to the tune of "God Save the Queen:" "God bless our native land! May heaven's protecting hand Still guard her shore; May peace her fame extend. Foe be transformed to friend, And Britain's power depend On war no more." This is worthy of Enghuid, glorious mother of kingdoms yet unborn. But let not America boast of her greatness until every approach to her citadels is well guarded; for wisdom teaches us to prepare for the storm in times of peace. No nation can afford to wait for the storm before the danger-signals are thrown out. Our orovern- ment has caused to be placed on the dangerous points a liijht or a bell to indicate to the mariner that there is danger. Some might ask, What's the use? They won't ■save the seamen. True, but they will apprize the mariner of his danger and call his attention to the fact of the nation's desire to protect him. It is in- dicative of the fact that the channel has l)cen dredged, a harbor provided, and the breakwaters protected. So would "we lift the voice, throw out the red liofht that, with others, we who see the danger mav arouse the indifferent, and lead them to prepare for coming conflict. 42 AMEKICAS ^'EXT WAR. But really is there no cause for fear — no demand for the organizations now in the land as purely American ? Ah! this is over-confidence. The in- difference born of over-confidence has been and is likely to be our curse. The Bible has been taken from our schools; Haymarket Square has had a riot; Chicago has been treated to a Cronin murder; and the State is now asked to sit still and see the Public School S3'stem Romanized. Has the Bible rightfully a place in the schools of this State? Every one familiar with the purpose of our fathers must admit that the American school system was established in this country in view of promoting religion, morality and intelligence. I think this is clearly set forth in the third article of the ordinance passed by Congress in 1787. Certainly every appro- priation of money or grant of land in the interest of our school S3'stem has been made with the distinct knowledge of that purpose. How, then, can anybody make it seem wrong that the Bible should be read in the schools ? You may cite the fact of 55,000,000 of Protestants, but, remember, not one in ten of the Protestants has any interest in this question. First, a very large per cent, of our Protestants have no children to educate. Further, the}^ don't mean to have any. Hence, they selfishly seek to so use present interest as to get out of this century what they can, and leave the future to take care of itself, and those to come to do the hest they can. On this ground, and for this purpose, many SELLING OUT. 43 a Protestant sells out his future interest for pres- ent votes, while the Roman church is constantly moving and planning in view of future triumphs; planning wisely and executing judiciously, hoping that, in the generations to come, they may be able to return to their wonted exercise of power. Again, the indiflerence that prevails among Protestants, even the parents of children, is perfectly alarming. This is no longer a government for the people, as run by the people, for it is next to an impossibility for any man to secure a position of trust unless he have a large sum of money. It is nearly as difficult as in the days of Rome when Caesar wrought his way into power by the use of money, but on his first election found himself in debt to the amount of 1,500,000 pounds. So, to-day, the few millionaires controlling the great centers are directing the inter- ests of the government very largely, and more and more the great mass of voters are staying away from the polls, caucuses and conventions, and thus allow- ing a few to do all the planning and thinking for the masses. We complain, often, that our wishes are not fairly expressed by those who are chosen to rep- resent us. Why should they be, when we are too indifferent to see to it that our men are nominated and elected ? Indifference to facts of this nature is dangerous. It is well for all that there are some thoughtful seers who are apprehensive of danger and have the courage of their convictions. For the great mass of leaders are inclined to soothe the people in 44 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. their sins and give them present relief, while disease is taking a firmer hold upon the life of the body. There seems to have been a new class of prophets of late crying "Peace! peace! when there is no peace, " and branding those men who speak of the evils ex- isting ia our Republic as alarmists, disturbers of the peace, bigots, and ultra-Americans. Nevertheless there is imminent danger, and it is high time that the American people awake from their long sluml^er in indifference and take an intelligent, comprehen- sive grasp of the situation we now occupy as a nation. From whence came the millions now holding the rights of citizenship? What motives led them hither ? What plans are they forming and what is the purpose of the leaders of society in our day ? Is ° the riot of Haymarket square, the Cronin murder, the New Orleans massacre, the war upon our schools, no cause for alarm ? Is there nothing w^ronof in the body politic when such eruptions appear from time to time ? Ah, the very fact that these things do not arouse our people, and that their ministers cry Peace, peace, is cause for alarm. Indifference has folded our hands until we are nearly palsied in the presence of the millions who seek to Romanize our best institutions and Europeanize our form of government. We are for- bidden the privilege of speaking upon religious topics before the schools on memorial occasions. I received a polite note some months ago asking me to speak in some one of the schools on Memorial RESTRICTIONS. 45 Day, and in the printed form were these words: "Two things are strictly forbidden — religion and politics." I wrote back thanking them for the honor, but said: 'T cannot conceive of an American speak- ing to children on ^Memorial Day without touching religion and politics, for every man knows full well, or ought to know, that it was the purpose of the fathers to provide for the diffusion of religious teach- ing in order to establish a moral principle upon which the nation should be builded by political leaders, and the Bible was made to play an important part in the early system of education." But now we are told this is a free country, wdiere every man has a right to his religious convictions, and is free to act so long as he does not interfere with other men's rights, therefore the Bible should not be taught in the public schools. Let us look at this for a mo- ment. The Bible is not a sectarian book; it belongs to no one sect, but is the text book of all sects. But our Catholic friends do not want their children in- structed in Biblical literature, and they are com- pelled to send their children to the public schools, they say. This is false; the compulsory laws of our nation do not demand that the children be sent to the public schools. I wish they did, but they do not. It is left with the parent absolutely to say whether his son shall attend the public or parochial schools or be taught at home, so long as he shall re- ceive a given amount of instruction in the English laniruaffe. Hence, the Catholic who believes that 46 AMERICA'S KEXT WAR. he is endangering bis child to eternal banishment by placing him in the public schools, has two chances: either to educate his child in such things as the State requires, or, like a gentleman, pack his goods and move into a country where they do not require any education, but allow all children to grow up in ig- norance. We do claim that our laws make it bind- ing on all parents to see that their children are taught in such things as shall make them intelligent citizens; and in this is wisdom, for without the diffusion of knowledge there is no safety. There is real danger. First, our prosperity is cause for alarm lest the possibilities be turned upon us by foreign hands. Wealth well used is a great blessing. But what is it in the hands of foes ? What means the effort to control the wealth of our great cities as centers of power, the attempt to buy all our railway systems, city and country, by a foreign syndicate ? Where would we be in case of war with a foreign country ? Now, this may seem of little account to the prophets of peace, but our wealth is enormous. Few can realize its magnitude, for only here and there do we find a man who has felt the million touch. And then to the ordinary business man absorbed in his own interests, the statement made by Dr. Strong that seven-eighths of our arable land is not under cultivation, and much of our agriculture is still rude, and the greater part of our mineral wealth is unde- veloped, passes without thought. If one-eighth now WHAT ROME HAS DONE. 47 lead the kingdoms of the world, what may not the whole do ? Is there no danger lest tliis vast amount of power fall into anti-American hands? To say nothing of the " saloon system, gambling hells, po- litical corruption," which the Chicago Tribune stated in 1884, that of the 27 senators, twenty were mill- lionaircs, implying that money helped them to their seats; and the tendency to bribery and dissipation, loavinof all these for consideration elsewhere. What if our wealth and the balance of power fall into the hands of Romanists ? Who can tell what the result might be ? We only judge by what Rome has done when in power and is now doing where she has in- fluence. What of Italy? Spain? France? Ireland? and Mexico? Let Victor Hugo answer: "Italy, which taught mankind to read, now knows not how to read. Spain, magnificently endowed Spain, which received from the Romans her tirst civilization, from the Arab her second, and from Providence a new world in spite of you, Spain, thanks to you, rests under a yoke of stupor, degradation, and decay. She has lost the power of civilization, the genius of art, the world she had from God, and in exchange had from you the inquisition — the inquisition that has burned millions of men, the inquisition that has disinterred men who were buried that she might burn them again. What are we to do with this foreign thing? This thing that Europe hates? This love that has drained the life of the old world ? This thing that is hated and is now being hedged even in 48 AMERICA'S NEST WAR, Mexico ? The last vote of the republic has been to prohibit another foreign priest. Mexico is done with it. It must die even there where it has long flour- ished. France is getting done with it. Italy, poor Italy, that has learned the art of assassination at Rome's feet, she is tired of it, and you and I, to please party or to elect some old party idol, still re- fuse to look the problem squarely in the face." This is what Romanists havc^done, are doing, and will do when in power. Romanism is responsible for German and French infidelity, and the same thing must reappear in our midst when the priest- ridden people break from the unreasonableness of those superstitious claims. Agnosticism and infidel- ity are the children of Romanism. Where are the Jesuits driven from Berlin ? Just where they said they would go, into our Western territory ! Where are the Romanists expelled from Spain, Italy, Brazil and Mexico for intrigues ? In our Western empires with brain and opportunity. Rev. E. P. Goodwin, D. D. , receives a letter from Rev. J. H. Warren, D. D. , of California, in which he says: "The Roman Catholic power is fast becoming an overwhelming evil. Their schools are everywhere, and number probably 2,000 in the State. Their new college of St. Ignatius is, we are told, the largest, finest and best equipped of its kind in the United States. They blow no trumpets, are sparing with statistics, but are at work night and day to break down the institutions of the country, beginning with LAFAYETTE. 49 the public schools. As surely as we live, so surely will the conflict come, and it will be a hard one.''' Lafayette, himself a Romanist, was not wholly bhnd when he said: "If the liberties of the Ameri- can people are ever destroyed, they will fall by the hands of the Romish clergy." It must be clear to every thinking mind that a devout Catholic cannot be a loyal citizen! I ask j-ou to read the oath that a man takes when he becomes an American citizen: "The alien seckino; to be naturalized must make oath two years beforehand of his bona-lide intention to become a citizen of the United States, and to re- nounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to any for- eign Prince, Potentate, State or Sovereignty; in particular, that to which he has been subject. "When he applies for naturalization, after the two years thus provided for, he must prove that he has resided in the United States five years at least; that during that time he has behaved as a man of good moral character, attached to the principles of the Constitution, and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the same. "If he has borne any hereditary title, or been in any of the orders of nobility in the kingdom or state from which he came, he shall, in addition to the above requisites, make an express renunciation of his title to such order of nobility. "Finally, he shall, at the time of his application, make oath that he will support the Constitution of 50 AMERICA'S >'EXT WAR. the United States, and that he absolutely and en- tirely renounces and abjures all allegiance and fidelity to every foreign Prince, Potentate, State or Sover- eignty, particularly the State or Sovereignty of which he has been a subject." That is the oath. Now mark, the oath of every Koman Catholic Priest is this: "I acknowledge the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Roman Catholic Church, the Mother and Mistress of all churches, and I promise and swear true obedience to the Roman Bishop, the successor of St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles and Vicar of Jesus Christ." "This true Catholic faith, out of which none can be saved, which I now profess and truly hold, I (A. B.) promise, vow, and swear most constantly to hold. So help me God and these Holy Gospels of God. Amen." Now I ask every candid man, how a man under such an oath to uphold the Pope can at the same time uphold the Republic of America? And when the conflict comes, which oath will he keep? The one his w^hole life has grown into and around, most cer- tainly, for his oath of naturalization is a secondary matter. The great men of this country know this full well! What can they do? Both political parties are where the Roman leaders can and do dictate in reference to nominations, appointments and appropriations. Nothing can be done in this direction until one of DR. DELANO'S WARNING. 61 these great bodies is l)orn again, or born of Ameri- can interests. If the Duke of Alva put to death 18,000 persons, if St. Bartholomew opened the life of 60,000 in three nights, if the Spanish inquisition resulted in the bloodletting of hundreds of thousands of precious lives, then Rome remembers how it was done, and her devotees stand ready to do as His Holiness di- rects. In the words of Rev. Dr. Delano, of Evans- ton, 111.: "Let us have the truth of historv and have it taught. Let us take out any special form of religious instruction, but let us make the day we decorate our soldiers' graves and rededicate ourselves to freedom sacred and historic. Let us put the old flag where its flapping folds shall greet the eye and ear of every boy and girl. Let us refuse another dollar to that treasury which will pay no teacher who is not sold, heart and brain and conscience, to the old hierarchy whose nebulous waning glory in the old world is trying to evolve into fixed stars in this." Remember, my dear reader, that these mighty steamers are landing on our shores every week ten thousand men, women and children, a large per cent, of whom are under the influence and direction of Romanists, who having been stripped of their tem- poral power are determined to regain it here. The purpose for which they were brought here is with- held from them; hence the priests are not disturbed by the threats across the water, l)ut calmly and per- sistently seek to gain office and influence in America. 52 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Our business is to watch and work; not to abuse or make war, but to enlighten the ignorant, hold the reins, and, in the language of George Wash- ington, '-Put none on guard but Americans." ABRAHAM LINCOLN. Knowledge is essential to freedom. — Charming, Beside yon straggling fence that skirts the way, With blossomed furze unprofitably gay; There, in his noisy mansion, skilled to rule, The village master taught his little school. — Goldsmith. Thy toil O'er books consumed the midnight oil. — Oay. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular educa- tion, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained. — James A, Garfield. To form a brave man, educate boldly. — Bichter. The best system of education is that which draws its chief support from the voluntary effort of the community, from the individual efforts of citizens, and from those burdens of taxations which they voluntarily impose upon themselves. — James A. Garfield. (LIV.) CHAPTER IV. OUR HERITAGE — I. OUR GREAT MEN. All history is but a biographical medley; it is but a recital of what men thought, said, did and tried to do. With equal truth, it may bo said that all biog- raphy is but a historical medley. In the one, history revolves about biography; in the other, biography revolves about history. The story is one and the same, but the one you read from right to left, the other from left to right. In biography, history is fragmentary; in history, biography is broken and disconnected. Biography is the soul of history; it is to history what the heart is to the human organism, breath to the lungs, and blood to the veins and arteries. It is the blood of history. Rupture the jugular vein, and history speedily dies. Biography is the oxygen of the historic atmosphere. Let it degenerate, and the historical atmosphere becomes malarious and pestilential. It is the iris of the historic eye. Through this iris the beams of light pour, and are formed upon the retina of the thought of the nations and the ages. Destroy the biographical iris, and historic blindness inevitably ensues. The oasis of (55) ■ 56 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. history — the verdure and the towering palm upon the wide-spread desert — spring out of the rich soil of biography. The hiatuses of history, the long series of vowel- less declamation and pointless narrative are to be ac- counted for b}^ the poverty of biographical material. Rob Homer of his heroes, and what would become of his masterpiece ? Take the Platos and Aristotles, the Socrates and Alexanders, the Ciceros and Demos- thenes, the Cassars and Brutus, and their co-adju- tors, out of the story, and what would we care for the history of ancient Greece and Rome ? What would Macaulay's England be without his innumerable biographical touches ? Long after we have forgotten the history he wrote, we will retain the memories, fresh and June-like — the pictures he has given us of Charles II., James II., Jeflre}^, Somers, the Duke of Monmouth, Bishop of Burnett, William Penn, William and Mary, and Cromwell; the heroes of the battle of La Hogue, the Earl of Dorset, Lords Rochester and Halifax, the faithful Bentinck, Queen Anne, the Grande Monarque, and others. Great and good men preserve the nation's glory. Why is not Greece to-day mistress of the world, as once she was ? There is the same soil, the same bending skies, the same murmuring seas, and senti- nel islands, the same atmosphere. Why is not Rome what she was ? The seven hills remain, the affluent earth, the melting firmament, the balmy at- MEN. 57 mosphere and the yellow Tiber. Why the decay of Egypt ? The soil is just as alluvial now as then, the territory as vast, and the Nile as majestic. France has not changed geographically, topogi'aphicall\^ or meteorologically. Why this flight of power from Persia to Greece, from Greece to Rome, from Rome to France, from France to Britain, and from Britain to America ? It is not enough to sa}', with Bishop Berkely: "Westward the course of empire takes its way." We are slow to learn that men^ not territory, con- stitute the greatness of a nation; and that, among men, character, not numbers, constitutes strength. We are living in an ago of materialism. This is an era of statistics. Greatness is proved by arithmetic. Which is the greatest nation ? The modern cate- chism answers: "The biggest." Who is the great- est man? "The richest." What is the source of power? "Numbers." What folly! Did not Alexander take Macedon, smaller than West Virginia, and conquer the world ? Were not Shakespeare, Milton and Dante, Homer, Virgil and Sophocles but one remove from the pub- lic almshouse, kept out, in a large measure, by pri- vate and often secret philanthropy ? And were not Samson and David, each single-handed, able to rout whole nations ? Little France, but as large as Maryland and California, conquers China, the largest nation on earth. Grant, the well-nigh penniless tanner, scotches the most reckless, venomous and 58 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. deadly serpent of the ages. Lincoln, with one sweep of a goose-quill, broke the manacles from the millions- Let us, then, revise our catechism. This is an era of revision. The Bible has been revised; the West- minster catechism is flinching and cringing under the merciless thrusts of flashing theological scalpel and lancet; why not go a step further? Which is the greatest nation ? The one possessing the great- est number of noble and ffreat men. Who is the greatest man ? The one loftiest in the moral and intellectual zone. What is the source of power ? A disciplined, sanctified and consecrated individuality. America — the United States — has occasion for profound gratitude. Our heritage is rich beyond measure. Where will you find, under one flag, so many truly great men ? Where so many whose native air sweeps down from the summits of moral and intellectual Matterhorns ? Where more unique, compact, full-orbed, yet disciplined, sanctified and consecrated individualities than in ' 'the land of the free and the home of the brave" ? Let the magnificent procession pass in grand re- view, while the nations of the earth uncover! Well may the earth tremble and reverberate with loudest acclamations; and heaven even send down her choi- cest congratulation. Call the roll, and, as the names are called, let the heroes step forward, that we may scan their record and rejoice in tbeir greatness. Listen! Samuel Adams! Here. Yes, he is here — for- MEN. 6!) ever here. He wore no baclo:;es of honor, no insia:- nia of rank; held no high office, nor did he seek the applause of men. He is the theme of no special epic, he towers not in sculptured bronze; no master limner has given immortality to form and feature. And yet Samuel Adams was so tall, he could bo seen across the Atlantic, and so mighty that Britain's haughty king treml)led whenever he chose to speak. He was the greatest of the world's agitators, and, had he been as ambitious as Ctesar, and as thor- oughly base as the Tarquins, he would have been king of the western world, if not a second Alexan- der. He was the man of the town meeting, that Puritan anti-type and prophecy of the republic, soon to be. How he wielded those fjatherings! Had he been a barrister, in Choatc's and Webster's day, their triumphs would have been few and lonesome. He was a politician — a professional politician, if you please. Ho could manipulate men with Jackson and VanBuren, our greatest political sleight-of-hand jugglers. He was a statesman. By instinct, he was Caesaric. He had the prophetic eye, without which statecraft degenerates into child's play. He was master of the logical method. Given the cause, he instantly would declare what the effect must be. He had a supreme faith in the triumph, sooner or later, of the right. Here he was a passionate Puritan. He would have staked his very existence that what ought to be, would be, and that right early. 60 AMEKICA'S XEXT WAR. He was a good man. Morally, he was a tower of strength. The radiancy of his righteousness illu- minated the most distant colonies, and gleamed even beyond the confines of polite civilization. He was a flaming patriot. He would rather die than be enslaved, or see his country enslaved. Ah! how he dared the red-coats to do their worst. But they would no more have touched him than Israel would have touched the ark, after Uzzah's tragic fate. Horatius, Leonidas and Demosthenes were his most congenial spirits; and he is worthy of their confidence and companionship. He was the father of the Revolution. He focused the discontent of the colonists, and drew the fire of George III. He twisted the lion's tail until he roared, and the New World, foresters and villagers, flew to their bludgeons. He cultivated the apple of discord and discontent, until there were not enough Britons to keep it longer on the English twig, and let loose it must. He was the greatest of all the pre-revolution heroes. How rich our heritage in blunt, heroic, un- blemished, unflinching, patriotic Samuel Adams! James Otis! Here. Yes, James Otis is here, too, to stay. Wonderful man. He was a god of elo- quence, in that golden period when oratory set na- tions and races on fire. He was erudite without be- ing pedantic, finished without being finical, brave without rashness. PATRIOT. 61 He was the Patrick Henry of the north. So mightily (.lid he arraign his majesty's government in his great speech of 1761, when he pleaded for the colonies and their severance from the British crown; so over- whelming was his argument, so rich his allusions, and so learned his entire speech, that conviction filled the minds of all who heard him, and John Adams, who was present, declared that independence was then and there born. He was the idol of the masses. The common people heard him gladly. He swayed the multi- tudes at will, and every oscillation was toward lib- erty. Nor was he less eloquent with the pen. The com- mon people read him gladly. His pamphlet, in 1764, on ''The Rights of the Colonies Vindicated," wrought mightily for independence. But he was too brilliant a star to shine — to be permitted long. An emissary of the crown dogged his footsteps to a colfee-house, and there subjected our champion of liberty to brutal treatment, inflicting frightful wounds, especially on his head. Reason reeled, and a few years later he literally went up to his re- ward in a chariot of fire. He was swept away by a flash of lightning. He had prayed that he might thus go, and heaven granted the petition. The memory of James Otis is a precious legacy to us. Patrick Henry! The world has had but one Pat- rick Henry. He was without ancestry or posterity, a phenomenon that could not be accounted for. He 62 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. blazed forth when no political astronomer was look- insf for him. He came without observation. No prophet predicted his advent. His own neighbors exclaimed: "Whence hath this backwoods Virginian these words and this w^isdom ? " In a single speech he leaped from obscurity to fame. The flames of his eloquence set not only the colonies, but the whole world, on fire. He was also a great lawyer. With keen and in- cisive acumen, he exposed the fallacies of his maj- esty's demands and positions, and gave the colonists not only a reason for the hope that was in them, but high and unquenchable resolutions to achieve independence, and arguments with which to gain converts among the wavering, and respect among the unyielding tories. He was also a soldier. But for his marvelous oratoric powers, and ability as a lawyer and a states- man, he might have been one of the most conspicu- ous of the revolutionary generals. He was a great executive, being Virginia's first governor, and thrice elected. He was a prophet. Think of this speech on the Constitution, before it was adopted, June 24, 1788: "Among ten thousand implied powers which they may as- sume, they may, if engaged in war, liber- ate every one of your slaves, if they please. And this must and wall be done by men, a majority of whom have not a common interest with you. . . . Another thing will contribute to bring this PATRICK IIEXRY. 63 event about. Slavery is detested. We feel its fatal defects; we deplore it with all the pity of hu- manity. Let all these considerations, at some future period, press with full force on the minds of Con- gress. Let that urbanity, which I trust will distin- guish America, and the necessity of national defence — let all these things operate on their minds; they Avill search that paper, and see if they have power of manumission. And have they not, sir ? Have they not power to provide for the general defence and welfare ? May they not think that these call for the abolition of slavery ? May they not pronounce all slaves free ? And will they not be warranted ))y that power ? This is no ambiguous implication or illogical deduction. The paper speaks to the point. They have the power in clear, unequivocal terms, and will clearly and certainly exercise it." Mark you, this is not an orator of this centur}^, but of the last. What wonder the colonists tri- umphed, when their statesmen were prophets, ana saw the end from the beginning. But Henry was a patriot. He loved the whole country. His native State could not fill his capacious ^oul. He is narrow, indeed, who can find all that he cares for within the confines of his native State. Not so with Patrick Henry. He made the halls of the first Continental Congress ring with the passion- ate exclamation: "I am not a Virginian, but an American. " Alexander Hamilton. Great is our debt of grati- 64 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. tude to this weird and wonderful man. Heaven dealt generously with us when she sent him hither from the Island of Nevis. He was precocious al- most beyond precedent. At twenty years of age he had so distinguished himself as a tactician, fighter and commander, that Washington made him chief- of-stafF. Before he was twenty-one, he became the foremost thinker on thatmostabstrusesubject, finance, It is, perhaps, no exaggeration to say he was the greatest financier, for his age, that ever lived. Our whole fiscal policy still bears the impress of his mas- terly moulding. When only thirty-two, he was our first Secretary of the Treasury, and organized that branch of the government. But he was most marvelous of all as a statesman. It is universally conceded that he was the most bril- liant statesman our nation has yet produced. In- deed, one biographer goes so far as to declare that '•our system of government is his best and noblest monument." Benjamin Franklin. Here was a man whom even his enemies venerated. He was as patriotic as Washington, as diplomatic as John Quincy Adams, as learned as the elder Adams, as pithy and epigram- matic as the Greek satirists, as great a statesman and financier as Alexander Hamilton, as great a moralist as Plato, Paley, or Aurelius and almost as myriad-minded as Shakespeare. Think of his contributions to science, and his FRAXKLIX. . 65 wonderful fund of wise and witty sayings that has enriched our thought and our language. He was a printer, his majesty's postmaster-general for the colonies, a civic officer. "He was at once philosopher, statesman, diplomatist, scientific discov- erer, inventor, philanthropist, moralist, and wit;" while as a master of English prose, ho is, perhaps, without a superior in the world. "He is, in many respects, the greatest of Americans, and one of the greatest men whose names are recorded in history." As an illustration of his wit and originality, we give his epitaph, written by himself: "The body of Benjamin Franklin, printer, like the cover of an old book, its contents torn out, and stripped of its letter- ing and gilding, lies here, food for worms. But the work shall not be lost; for it will, as he believes, appear once more, in a new and more elegant edition, revised and corrected by the Author." George Washington, the father of our country, concerning wbom Fox, in the British parliament^ exclaimed: "Illustrious man! Deriving less honor from the splendor of his situation than from the dignity of his mind; before whom all borrowed gi-eat- ness sinks into msignificance, and all the princes and potentates of Europe become little and con- temptible." Of whom the golden-tongued Irish orator, Phillips, said: "Coesar was merciful; Scipio was continent; Hannibal was patient — but it was reserved for Washington to blend all these virtues in one, and, like the lovely masterpiece of the Grecian QC) AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. artist, to exhibit in one glow of associated beauty, the pride of every model, and the perfection of every master. . . . His fame is eternity, and his resi- dence is creation." Whom Byron declared to be: "The first, the last, the best; The Cincinnatus of the west." Of v^hom an eminent living English historian says: "He is well-nigh without a fellow;" and Lord Brougham declared: "It will be the duty of the his- torian and sage in all ages, to let no occasion pass of commemorating this illustrious man; and, until time shall be no more, will a test of the progress which our race has made in wisdom and virtue, be derived from the veneration paid to the immortal name of Washington." We need not dwell upon his private virtues, his generalship, and his civic greatness. They are themes familiar to even the fledgling in the nursery. When he died, not only did his own country sob herself asleep upon the bosom of her great sorrow, but nations beyond the sea took up the lamentation, and mingled their tears with ours. Napoleon the Great announced his death to the army of France, and ordered all the standards and flao;s throuohout the country to be bound with crape for ten days, during which a funeral oration was delivered, in the presence of a brilliant assemblage, including Bona- parte, in the Hotel des Invalides. But, more wonderful still, Jared Sparks tells us that the British fleet, with sixtj^ ships of the line, LINCOLN. 67 under the command of Lord Bridgeport, lying off Torbay, England, lowered their flags to half-mast, on hearing the intelligence of Washington's death. But once more: We must not omit the name of Abraham Lincoln. We do not purpose to recite even the principal events in this most unique life and character in all histor3^ His biography is written in blood and tears; un- counted millions arise and call him blessed; a re- deemed and re-united republic is his monument. History embalms the memory of Richard the Lion- hearted; here, too, our martyr finds royal sepulture, as Lincoln the tender-hearted. He w\as brave. While assassins swarmed in Washington, he went everywhere, without guard or arms. He was magnanimous. He harbored no grudge, nursed no grievance: was quick to forgive; and was anxious for reconciliation. Hear him appealing to the South: "We are not enemies, but friends. Though passion may have strained, it must not break, the bond of our affection. The mystic chord of memory, stretching from every patriot grave to every heart and hearth-stone, all over this broad land, will yet swell with the chorus of the Union, when touched again, as it surely will be, by the bet- ter angels of our nature." He was compassionate. With what joy he brought liberty to the enslaved. He was forgiving. In this respect he was strikingly suggestive of the Saviour. 68 AMERICA'S IvEXT WAR. How unlike his immedirie successor in office! He was great. Time will but augment the greatness of his name and fame. Perhaps a greater man never ruled in this or any other nation. He was good, and pure, and incorruptible. He was a patriot; he loved his country; he poured out his soul unto death for it. He was human, and thus touched the chord that makes the world akin. "Wherever the bright sun of heaven shall shine, His honor and the greatness of his name Shall be, and make new nations; he shall flourish, And, like a mountain cedar, reach his branches To all the plains about him — our children's children Shall see this, and shall bless him." For he — "Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been So clear in his great office, that his virtues Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, against The deep damnation of his taking off; And pity, like a naked, newborn babe, Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubim, horsed Upon the sightless couriers of the air, Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye. That tears shall drown the wind." But the time would fail me to catalogue, even, the biographical heritage that is ours. What mighty names arise before us! What processions of presidents, statesmen, military chieftains, heroic soldiers, diplo- matists, scholars, scientists and publicists sweep by. In our next chapter we will continue the exposition of our unparalleled heritage, dwelling upon our con- stitution, and the institutions which have sprung up, and been fostered, under its benign influence. OUR HERITAGE-CONSTITUTION AND INSTITUTIONS States, as great engines, naove slowly. — Lord Bacon. Law represents the efforts of men to organize society. — Beecher Let us then stand by the Constitution as it is, and by our country as it is — one, united, and entire; let it be a truth engraven on our hearts; let it be borne on the flag under which we rally in every exigency, that we have one country, one constitution, one destiny. — Webster To a native of free and happy governments, her constitution and institutions are always dear. — Oray. I mean to stand upon the Constitution. * * * No man can suffer too much, and no man can fall too soon if he suffer or if he fall in defense of the liberties and constitution of his country. — Webster. The glorious Union shall not perish! Precious legacy of our fathers, it shall go down honored and cherished to our children. — Everett. (LXX.) CHAPTER V. CUE HERITAGE. — II, CONSTITUTION AND INSTITUTIONS. John Fiske, in his remarkable book, entitled "The Critical Period," with much learning and wide read- ing, proves that om' Constitution is by no means a mere counterpart of the English Constitution. A distinguished English writer has recently said: "The American Constitution of 1789 was a faithful copy, 30 far as it was possible to make one out of the ma- terials in hand, of the contemporary Constitution of England. The position and powers of the President were a fair counterpart of the royal prerogative of that day; the Senate and Congress corresponded suf- ficiently well to the House of Lords and the House of Commons, allowing for the absence of the elements of hereditary rank and territorial influence. While the English Constitution has changed much, the American Constitution has changed little, if at all, in these respects. Allowing for the more democratic character of the constituencies, the organization of the supreme power in the United States is nearer the English type of the last century — is less modern, in fact — than is the English Constitution of the pres- ent day." This is very English, indeed — Ens^lish with a ven- (73) 74 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. o'eance. And jet we presume this is the current view on both sides of the sea. It is not for us to laud unseemly our constitutional heritage. It would require a volume larger than this to contain the eulogiums it has received from statesmen in every land. Thomas Jefferson, a life- long student of statecraft, and author of the immor- tal Declaration of Independence, said of the Ameri- can Constitution: "Compared with those of Europe [not excepting the British Constitution], it is like a comparison of heaven and hell." The giant Gladstone, Englishman as he is, said of it: "It is the most wonderful work ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man." The incomparable "William Pitt, backed by the largest majority in Parliament ever possessed by a prime minister, exclaimed: "It will be the wonder and admiration of all subsequent ages, and the model of all future constitutions." Such encomiums could be given almost beyond enumeration. But it is not so much our purpose to eulogize our heritage, as it is to declare what our heritage is, and from whence we received it; to walk through our constitutional palace, received by inheritance, and point out the riches — the spoils of wisdom and statecraft — bequeathed to us by our fathers. Bric- a-brac and etagere, cornice and frieze, with bossy sculpture graven, picturette and statuette — all of minor importance — must be passed by without men. COXSTITLTION. 75 tion. Not that we depreciate them, not that we are ungrateful for them, not that we would be prodigal and spendthrift, squandering them, not knowing their value, but because our riches are so multitudi- nous and multifarious, a complete enumeration would go beyond the bounds or the space allotted to this chapter. From whence and from whom have we derived our world-famed and universally-admired Consti- tution ? 1 From Greece. Here, more than twenty centu- ries ago, twelve colonies declared themselves inde- pendent and free, and set up the first strictly demo- cratic government in the history of the world. In that early dawn of civilization, they declared the right to rule inherent in the common people, denied the divine right of kings, trampled under feet that precious doctrine of crowns and thrones, that the masses are created simply to serve as "hewers of wood and drawers of water" for autocrats and mon- archs, declaring in fact, if not in phraseology, that theirs should be a "government of the people, for the people, and by the people." Achaia was the first United States, ^gium the first Washington city, and the Achasan League the first federal republican constitution. This little republic, whose twelve States, com- bined, were smaller than West Virginia, and whose population was less than the present population of Illinois, resisted all the Alexanders and Caesars and 76 AMERICA'S >'EXT WAR. Napoleons, within and without, 134 years, and be- queathed to us and other republics her divinely-in- spired Constitution, and her thrilling and imperish- able history and example. Glorious inheritance! 2. The Amphictyonic Council. This was the most Ancient Congress, whose members possessed delegated power. But, as the Achtean League was composed of twelve colonies, in which the represen- tatives voted by colonies, as the delegates to our Continental Congress voted by States, in the Am- phictyonic Council the members represented tribes., without any reference whatever to geographical boundaries. Each of the twelve tribes, irrespective of num- bers, wealth or size of territory occupied, was en- titled to two representatives. And although there was a greater disparity between certain of the tribes than there is between Rhode Island and New York or Texas, the vote of the representative of the small- est and weakest tribe counted as much as the vote of the representative of the most opulent and power- ful tribe. Here the framers of our Constitution received the idea embodied in the preamble that prefaces our Constitution: "We, the jpeox>le [not we, the States, but we, \h<& ])eo2yle\ of the United States [irrespective of State lines'] do ordain and establish this Consti- tution." Here, too, was suggested our Senate, composed of two members from each State, irrespective of AMPHICTYOXIC COUNCIL. 77 wealth, area, or population — a necessary security of the smaller States against the encroachments of the greater States. 3. Ihe ^Vitenage7not. This body was the parent of the present British Parhament. In the days of the early Anglo-Saxon kings, the powers and pre- rogatives of the throne were absolute, as in Russia to-day. But a tide of democratic sentiment swept over the island kingdom, and the throne was com- pelled to part with many prerogatives. Concession after concession was won by a triumphant people, until every citizen, independent of position or pos- session, whether near the throne or far away, was allowed a vote in the conduct of affairs, both inter- nal and foreign. This congress -the Anglo-Saxons called, "The Witenagemot. " This body, despite the frowns of royalty, hilarious, almost delirious w^th enthusiastic liberty, enjoying to the full the exhilarating zest of unwonted power, reserved to itself the sole right to declare war, make treaties, levy and collect taxes and imposts, disburse the public funds, make laws, pass judgment and sentence in certain cases, as in impeachment trials, and, in short, perform most of the functions of its present child, the British Parlia- ment. But it was impossible for every citizen to attend all, or, indeed, any part of the sessions of the Wit- enagemot; hence the power to act for individuals or communities was delegated to one person, usually a 78 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. person of wealth and title — able to contribute to the public weal the necessary time and expense — and from this germ grew the English House of Lords. Now, for "Witenagemot" substitute "Senate," and for ''king," "President," and you will see how rich was our inheritance from our Anglo-Saxon fathers. 4. The German Aulic Council. One year after the discovery of America, there was a powerful up- rising of the masses in Germany, when Maximilian I. came to the throne. So mighty and menacing to the throne was the revolution, the king consented to two houses, one to be known as the Imperial Cham- ber, the other as the Aulic Council; one to represent the crown, the other to represent the common people. It is true, the two houses were judicial, rather than legislative; and yet, in the fact that the upper house could not over-ride the w ill of the lower house, nor vice versa, and that the crown could not use coercion to compel desired decisions, nor disregard the expressed pleasure of the houses, we see fore- shadowings of our great American Constitution. 5. The Swiss Confederation. In 1352, a king, not unlike the English George III., was on the throne of Austria. Eight Swiss colonies, by their representatives, aflBxed their names to an immortal declaration of independence. Almost one hundred years prior, under the leadership of Kudolph of Hapsburg, a similar leap for liberty was made, but was betrayed by the leader's own son. But in 1352 the times were ripe for revolution, AULIC COUNCIL. 79 and the Swiss achieved their independence, which they preserved intact, until Napoleon, in 1798, over- threw the valiant Alpine republic. The peace of 1815, brought by the overthrow of Bonaparte at Waterloo, restored independence to the heroic Swiss confederation, which it still maintains. Thus, when the framers of our Constitution assem- bled, they had before them the chart by which the Swiss republic had been securely guided 435- years, without a single defeat from without, or serious revolution within. Who can estimate the value of this chart to our constitutional fathers ? W^ho is able to compute the richness and greatness of our heritage ? 6. The Yenetian Repuhlic. For over 1,000 years the Venetian republic held aloft her proud head, holding in one hand the blue waters of the Mediter- ranean, in the other the golden waters of the Adriatic, while the prows of her ships were at the forefront of discovery and commerce. Thus, when the Huns were infesting the dark old forests of Germany, Scaixlinavian pirates were cruising where Paris now stands, and ascending the Thames, to the present site of London, and Oxford and Cambridge were the seats of Druid worship, bloody, mysterious and awful, the Venetian repub- lic, the very same republic that still held swtiy w^hcn Cornwallis capitulated to Washington at York, town, was able to bid defiance to all the George the Thirds, of land and sea. 80 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Thus we are the inheritors of the trophies of the ages. What wonder is it that the greatest states- men and students of constitutions go into ecstasies extravagant, into rhapsodies sonorous and eloquent, over our Magna Charta. The compact of the Achsean League, of the Amphictyonic Council, of the Wctenagemot, the Imperial Chamber and the Aulic Council, of the Swiss confederacy, and of the Venetian republic, were each, in their turn and day, the marvel of the world. Their praises were chanted by poets, proclaimed by orators, and perpetuated in painting and sculpture. Such did, indeed, mark a new epoch, a more glorious day, the gateway back to Eden. Each was a prophecy of something better to come. They were the epics of aspiration, and the ideals of free- dom. They were the index fingers of the upward and onward march. They were the stars that came out, one by one, hanging pendant in the black pit of surrounding despotisms, yet growing brighter and brighter, until the bright particular star arose over the manger in the New \Yorld, and wise men hastened from the east, to pay their homage, and swell the chorus of praise. Our Constitution gathers "in one glow of associ- ated beauty the pride of every model, and the per- fection of every master." It is the Jupiter in the constellation of constitutions, and the diamond in the crown of nations. Well may the great W^illiam Pitt, afterward Earl of Chatham, exclaim: "It will MAGNA CHART A. 81 be the wonder and admiration of all subsequent ages, and the model of all futm'o constitutions." Fellow countrymen, guard well the Constitution. It is the palladium of our liberties, the pillar and cloud of our pilgrimage, the gate of amethyst and gold, of sardonyx and sapphire, into our political and national millennium. INSTITUTIONS. We have been speaking of our Constitution; but that IS only the foundation of our national temple. We must never make the mistake of calling the foundation the building. Here is where many err religiously. Christ is, indeed, the Foundation, but the building remains to be reared, each one for him- self. Foolish, beyond human comprehension, will be the man expecting to bo sheltered from the blasts of eternity on a' simple foundation, whereon he has built neither wall nor roof. When our constitutional foundation was laid, we had reached only the beginning, and not the end — the alpha, not the omega. Upon that wonderful foundation was to be uplifted the fair fabric of a new regime. Having spent so much time inspecting the foundation, and convinced, beyond doubt, of its superlative merit, and its imperishable character, we can give but a cursory glance at the many-spired institutions resting upon it, with fingers pointing hopeward, Godward, and eternityward. Look at the institutions: 82 AMERICA'S NEST WAR. 1. Of Liberty. And, in order to be brief and comprehensive, we must be analytic. First: Liberty of Conscience. We worship God to-day according to the dictates of our own individ- ual consciences. We ask no man what our faith shall be, at whose shrine we shall worship, or how we shall keep in fellowship with the Father of us all. We have priests and preachers, still; we shall always have them; we love and honor them for their words and works, but they do not compel us, by ph3-sical force, to adopt their dogmas and doctrines. Their only coercion is that of superior wisdom and Christ-like love. But the da}^ was, and still is, in many lands, when men were not allowed to do their own think- ing on political and religious subjects, nor to worship God as their own hearts and consciences prompted them to do. The ashes of saintlj' Wicklj^ffe were scattered on the waters, and John Huss, Jer- ome of Prague, Savonarola, and an innumerable host were burned, hanged, quartered, drowned, strangled and put to death by every conceivable torture — why? Bad men? No! Traitors? No! Disloyal to God? No! Why, then? Because they must needs do their own thinking, and be obedient to God, who spake in the holy of holies of their own conscience. Ever}' mountain top in Europe blazed with the fagots of martyrdom, and every vallc}^ depth was deluged with innocent blood. Murder and rapine MARTYRS. 83 ran riot, and men and women were put to death, not because they were not religious enough, but because they were too religious. The opening of the new v/orld was like the swinging back of the gates of paradise. What cared the hunted, hounded, burning, bleeding saints of God for the savage men and the more savage nature, if they could but be permitted to worship God as their consciences bade them do ? And hither they came by tens of hundreds, and by hundreds of thous- ands. Let Felicia Hemans tell the rest of the story: "The breaking waves dashed high, On a stern and rock-bound coast, And the woods, against a stormy sky, Their giant branches tossed. "And the heavy night hung dark The hills and waters o'er, When a baud of exiles moored their bark On a wild New England shore. "Not as the conqueror comes, They, the true-hearted, came; Not with the roll of the stirring drums, Nor the trumpet that sings of fame. "Not as the flying come, In silence and in fear; — They shook the depths of the desert gloom With their hymns of lofty cheer. "Amidst the storm they sang, And the stars heard, and the sea; And the sounding aisles of the dim woods rang To the anthem of the free. 84 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. "The ocean eagle soared From his nest by the white waves' foam, And the rocking pines of the forest roared,— This was their welcome home. "There were men with hoary hair Amidst that pilgrim band; Why had they come to wither there. Away from their childhood's land? "There was woman's fearless eye, Lit by her deep love's truth; There was manhood's brow, serenely high, And the fiery heart of youth. "What sought they, thus, afar? Bright jewels of the mine? The wealth of seas, the spoils of war? — They sought a faith's pure shrine. "Aye, call it holy ground. The soil where first they trod; They have left unstained what there they found,— Freedom to worship God." Second: Liberty of action. When Columbus dis- covered America the world was governed by the Pontili, on the Tiber. He was not simply an eccle- siastical despot, but a temporal despot also. Even kings, the proudest and mightiest, were compelled to do the Pontiff's bidding, however galling, unreas- onable, foolish, or absolutely suicidal. Philip the Fair, of France, displeased the power at Rome. What was the result ? The Pope issued an edict that no marriages could be celebrated, or funerals conducted with religious ceremonies, DISCOVERER. 85 throughout France, until this particular man con- fessed to his holy highness. Henry IV., of Germany, displeased the Pope. Immediately the Pope set emissaries to work to overthrow the king, and succeeded. The king came to expostulate with the Pope, but God's so-called vicegerent compelled him to stand barefoot, and semi-nude, out of doors, in the snow and rigors of midwinter, three days and nights, before he would hear his petition. Many a proud and haughty king was compelled to lie down upon the floor, and allow the Roman Pontifi" to place his feet upon his neck and head, as a symbol of humble submission. And, when kings were so severely handicapped, one can sur- mise the severity visited upon the humbler classes. But our Constitution guarantees liberty. Our creed declares that ' 'all men are created free and equal," that they are "endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." It has passed into adage that ours is a "government of the people, by the people, and for the people. " Hence, in the United States, every man is a Cresar, a sovereign, a king, not by decrees of men, but by letters patent from the court of heaven, and by the authority of Almighty God. How glorious our heritage! How enviable our lot! But again: Consider our institutions. 2. Of Education. Notice here: First: Education of the intellect. "Ignorance," 86 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR says Rome, "is the mother of devotion." What wonder is it there is a rising tide of antagonism be- tween the powers on the Potomac and on the Tiber ? What wonder the one is in the ascendant, and the other decadent ? What surprise that one faces the future, and the other the past; one represents the sunrise, and the other the sunset ? Having ah'ead}^ discussed the subjects, "Educa- tion," and "Our Common Schools," we need not be elaborate here. But it cannot be repeated too often: Education and liberty go hand in hand. Ignorance and slavery are common bed-fellows. Whoever strikes at our educational interests, strikes at our government. He who proposes to Romanize our common schools, proposes to revolutionize our insti- tions — to revolve them backward — Rome- ward, slaveward and deathward. He who says, "Divide the public funds, that we may educate our children as a foreign, un-American, anti-republican Pontiff dictates," is guilty of treason; and he who says: "AAvay with your American educational institu- tions," is an assassin in intent, and levels his sword at Columbia's heart. God preserve our educational institutions. Second: Education of the heart. Lil^erty and light! What promoters and conservators they are of heart culture! This is seen in the character of our schools and colleges. Despite the railing of Rome, they are Christian. Look abroad, where despotisms abound, and education is fragmentary, EDUCATION. 87 and to serve despotic purposes. What is the char- acter of teachers and students alike ? With some rare exceptions, they are atheistic and anarcliistic. We see the same thing in the make-up of many of our incoming guests from those lands. Somewhat scholarly, but rabid and deadl}', is the virus of the great serpent. Wine and beer drinking, gambling and duelling, are the principal occupations of a majority of the students in conti- nental universities. It has been said that the great- est hotbeds of Nihilism in Europe are the universi- ties of Berlin and St. Petersburg. In the United States, liberty as boundless as the undulations of the sea, and light as full and unre- strained as the emanations of the sun, mellow and enrich the heart, and transfigure the daily life. 3. Progress. This topic is stated, not for discus- sion, for space is lacking, but to awaken thought and gratitude. What wonderful progress have we made: First: In mechanics. That America leads the world in this department, no one questions. Ameri- can ingenuity is the marvel of the world. We talk by lightning and walk by steam. We delve the mountains, bridge the oceans and lasso the stars. Our Patent Office reports of inventions is as difficult of apprehension to foreigners as the reports of John's apocalyptic visions. Tourists from the old world stand or ride a-gape and a-stare, from ocean to ocean. 88 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Second: Our progress in science. Our Frank- lins and Morses, Sillimans and Pierces, Proctors and Edisons, are tall enough to be seen around the world. Even provincial Britain and Germany do us homao'e here. Third: Our progress in philanthropy. Here again we challenge, not simpl^^ the attention, not simply the admiration, but the astonishment of the oldest governments of earth. Now, where is official charity so boundless, private philanthropy so open- handed, and secret beneficence so constant and abun- dant as in the land of the victorious free. What asy- lums for the blind, deaf, dumb, and the mind-be- nighted! What refuges for the aged! What or- phanages and homes and retreats for abandoned or unfortunate youth or aged! What hospitals for the reception of the sick and maimed! What asso- ciations for the recovery and uplifting of fallen men and women! We do not say that other nations are unphilanthropic; but we do claim that, in open-handed and munificent philanthropy, the land of light and liberty and the cultured heart leads the world. Fourth: Our progress in reforms. Take one, alone, as an illustration: The great temperance re- form. While the world beyond the sea is apathetic, and many countries are unconcerned, and some are absolutely opposed to reform, our people are on fire with a holy and righteous zeal. Millions of money, tons of literature, and scores of human lives, are being poured out as freely as the sun emits light. SCIENCE. 89 And triumph is as inevitable as fate, and the spring- time is ah'eady at hand. Om* inheritance in our men, our Constitution and our institutions, how great! Only the tongue of an angel could tell it; only the pen of an archangel could record it. And yet we are only in our baby- hood; what prophet can arise and tell us what the possibilities of the future are, when we shall have attained to national, educational, moral and spirit- ual maturity ? Let us hallow the memory of our ancestors, from whom we have inherited so much. Let us cherish with loving fidelity, and with unwav- ering patriotism, our inheritance! OUR HERITAGE. OUR RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS TO MAINTAIN IT What pity it is That we can die but once to serve our country. — Addiion. One flag, one land, one heart, one hand, One Nation evermore. — Holmes. Much is the patriot's weeding hand required. — Thomson. A star for every State, and a State for ever star. — Winthrop. If one attempts to Jiaul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot. John A. Dix. We join our selves to no party that does not carry the flag, and keep step to the music of the Union. — Choate. American patriotism must be a household virtue. — Beecher. Our Country! May she always be in the right; but our country right or wrong. — Decatur. Our Federal Union; it must be preserved. — Andrew Jackson. (xcii.) CHAPTER VI. OUR HERITAGE. — III. OUR RIGHT AND ORLIGATION TO MAINTAIN IT. John Jones is an exceedingly strange man. He is the most industrious man in the entire community or communities surrounding. At three o'clock in the morning, at ten o'clock at night, and, for aught his neighbors know, all night, and certainly all day, John Jones is hard at work. His neighbors wonder when he finds time to sleep. His hands are calloused, his face is wrinkled, his back is semi-circular, instead of being perpendicu- lar, and, as he goes by, everybody exclaims: "John Jones is working himself to death. " Then they in- dulge in reminiscences. One was passing by Jones' at eleven o'clock, another at twelve, another at one, another at two, and so on, clear around the dial face of the clock, and each saw John Jones busy at work. Strange man, was John Jones — a very prodigy of industry. But he was also remarkable for his economy. People wondered if the hat he wore did not once be- long to Noah, and if his coat, old, and by far too small for him, was not the same one Hannah made (93) 94 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. for Samuel, or, certainly, the one Paul forgot and left behind at Troas. The oldest hatter and bootter could scarcely re- member when John Jones made his last purchase in their department. But, upon reflection, they recall the fact that he carefully selected the most substan- tial goods, and asked no credit. For fancy neck and wrist paraphernalia he had no use whatever. He was simply plain, hard-w-orking, unassuming John Jones. But his economy was also noticeable in the dining- room. Not that he was miserly in providing for the table, but severely economical. He did not feast his family upon the brains of peacocks, and the tongues of nightingales. Not because he was un- willing to make the expenditure, but because it would be an unnecessary, foolish, even sinful ex- penditure, when bacon was only ten cents a pound, meal forty cents a bushel, and the family could make its own hominy. He w'as an abundant provider, but it was along the line of severely substantial things. No family was more robust and rubicund than John Jones, none apparentl}^ happier; none larger of bodj^, of head, or of heart. But to his marvelous industry and economy he added the acquisitive instinct. He was a money- maker and a money-saver. Whatever he touched turned to gold; and the gold in his hand brought forth fruit monthly an hundredfold. He was no JOHN JOXES. 95 miser. He gave his part to the maintenance of so- ciety, church and State. He was no Shylock. He was close and persistent, but not unmerciful. He was not a legal wrangler; he never went to law; he was never brought to law. He would compromise; he would let even his enemies compose a board of arbitration, and decide what was rightfully his; he would even lose outright, before he would waste time, temper and money on lawyers, witnesses and courts. He became rich. What wonder! Industry, economy and acquisitiveness, so strongly marked, could not fail to result in vast accumulations. He added farm to farm, business block to business block, bank account to bank account. He was quiet, yet most potent on 'Change, and in railway and steamship circles. He was a thousandaire, then a millionaire, then a billionare. At last, ripe in years and rich in integrity, he died, and was gath- ered unto his fathers, leaving his children a rich inheritance. Now", I have two questions to pro- pound: What right have outsiders to come in and squan- der John Jones' estate ? John Jones loved his fam- ily; he toiled for them; he denied himself for their sakes. Having millions, he lived on a pittance. Many of his clerks spent twice the money he did. It took more to keep his coachman than to keep him. In other words, though he was rich, yet he became poor for the enrichment of those he loved. 9^ AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. He remembered his own early struggles, his pinch- ing poverty, his biting w\ant. He remembered the time when he actually suffered for the necessaries of life. Out of his great, loving, passionate heart went forth a deathless resolution to save his loved children from such toil, hardship and stinging want. For three score years and ten he struggled. Footsore and weary, he struggled bravely on. And when men jeered and scoffed — when they mocked and railed, when they called him a miser and a Shylock, when they hurled opprobrious epithets at him, he thought of his babies, from one to ten, some of them ad- vanced in years, indeed, but his babies still, and he toiled joyfully on. What right has the ruthless, blatant, sacrilegious outsider to lay hands on what the tender-hearted, heroic, hard-working John Jones, by toil and self-sacrifice, amassed for his children, who were dearer to him than life ? What right have John Jones' children to squander their father's estate — to allow outsiders to come in and make away with their father's hard earnings; to scatter with brief prodigality the fruits of years of frugality ? Plainly, they have the right to maintain, but not the right to fling to the whirlwind. More than that, it becomes a mark of filial love and moral integrity, to guard the estate, and devote it to the purposes near and dear to the father's heart. To squander it FOEEIGNERS. 97 themselves, or to permit outsiders to pillage and appropriate it, would indicate a lack of filial allec- tion, and an appalling depth of moral depravity. Let me introduce John Jones: John Jones is none other than Uncle Sam. And we are Uncle Sam's children, and the inheritors of his vast estates. We come back to our first cjuestion: What right have foreigners to come in and waste our father's proud and rich domain ? As Uncle Sam's children, we inherit an ideal form of govern- ment, and a history more thrilling than the most brilliant periods of Greek and Roman dramatists — a history woven by the shuttles of wars and pestil- ences, of toils and triumphs, of miseries and halle- lujahs; a historic fabric, bedewed with the tears of innocent anguish, and crimson with such blood as flows only in the veins of God-like men and women; a historic warp and woof, in which every thread rep- resents a life — a life rich in love, man-ward, God- ward and country- ward, and enrolled on the book of heaven's and eternity's nobility. Every spot, from Plymouth Rock to the Golden Gate, is marked and hallowed with the bloody knee-prints of our Uncle Sam, true to God and devoted to his children. Consider our fathers. There were giants in those days. The Adamses, Hancocks, Henrys and Jefier- sons, the Franklins, Hamiltons, Washingtons — ah me! When can their glory fade ? They are the mountain-summits of our history. Hoary civiliza- tion, behold them and wonder. 98 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR Consider our Constitution. Dwell long upon its cost. Make a pilgrimage from Bunker Hill to York- town. You do not know the way? Do you say: "I am not familiar with their line of march !" Ah, you cannot miss it. Follow the places of prayer; keep your eyes on the bloody foot-prints; count the skeletons and the graves. Did I say, Count the cost ? We will not impose an impossible task. The cost of the Constitution was more than the tallest and the fairest archangel, standing by the throne of God, could compute in a century of eternities — cost in tears, and broken hearts, and ruined lives. Talk about pilgrimages to the holy sepulchre. Rather traverse the way from despotism to freedom; up the mount from slavery to liberty, with uncovered head and with unsandaled feet. Our Constitution is the Ark of the Covenant. Perish the sacrilegious wretch who would lay hands upon it. It is the north star, upon which the eye of every patriotic mariner is fixed with fond and unwavering steadfastness. Long may it shine in the constellation of constitu- tions; long may it beam in our national firmament! Consider our institutions. We may estimate their cost in dollars and cents; but who can estimate their cost in toil and sacrifices ? Our fathers, deprived of education, feeling the sting of literary ignorance, and famishing for the loftiest learning and culture, bequeathed to us free public schools, colleges and universities. Afoot, they trudged across the continent, again STRANGERS. 99 and again, with compass and chain, with spade and shovel, with hammer and sledge, that we might ride in Pullman palace cars, and be transported from rim to rim, or from center to circumference, on cushioned seats or in downy beds, and with the celerity, almost, of lightning. They were strangers in a strange land; they were in prison, and none to visit them; they were sick, and none to medicine or nurse them; they were with- out raiment, and none to clothe their nakedness; their only liberator was the shaggy monster, Death; their only place of refuge, the dark and silent grave. Their hearts bled for us, their children. They toiled, and hoarded their mites; they economized and sacrificed; they denied themselves all the luxu- ries and elegancies of life; and, with amazing love and forgetful ness of self, they reared asylums and refuges, retreats, and homes, free sanitariums and hospitals. And why all this suffering and sacrifice, this ex penditure of brain and brawn, this pouring out of heart and soul ? Because haters of liberty drove our fathers into exile. Because our fathers' aspira- tions were oflensive to them. Because they could not brook the lofty piety and patriotism, the uncon- querable love and ambition of our fathers for their children. Read the story of English, French, German and Roman persecution. Only the pen of a Dante, 100 AMEEICA'S KEXT WAR. dipped in the ichor of the Inferno, couJd adequateJy portray it. What right, we ask, have those men or their sons to come into the possessions bequeathed us ])y our fathers ? What right have they to come and shmder and traduce the memory of our heroic and self- sacriticing progenitors? To lay sacrilegious hands upon our sacred Ark of the Covenant, the Constitu- tion of the United States ? To plot the overthrow of our educational system, and despotize, foreignize and neutralize that institution, so dear to our fath- ers, and so essential to our liberties ? To inveigh against the Sabbath — holy boon from heaven, heri- tage of our fathers — and seek its annihilation in Bacchanalian revels and unspeakably iniquitous or gies? To antagonize all our peculiar institutions, and render nugatory, as long as possible, our re- formatory efforts? To come with dirk and bludg- eon, with firearms and dynamite, to propagate nihil- ism, socialism and anarch}^ to compel us to be anti- American, or hurl us, -without a moment's warning, into eternity ? We are not inhospitable to lionorahle guests. No accent or language, no color of skin or texture of hair weakens or diminishes our welcome for the guest who comes with upright intent. For all such, up to the measure of our capacity, our doors swing open both ways. All honor to the loyal, patriotic American^ Englishman, Irishman, German, Swede, Italian, or even Zulu and Hottentot. But we are inhospitable to the man whose citi- HOSPITALITY. 101 zenship is in London, Dublin, Berlin or Rome, or any other foreign city or country. We ace inhospitable to the man who seeks to Swedenize, Germanize or Romanize the United States. Let all such go back from whence they came, where they can have those things in their purity. As for us, we are not English or Swedish, or German or Ro- man — we are Americans, and we propose to be American in all our thoughts, ways and institu- tions. We are inhospitable to the assassin. We have not even yard-room for the apostles of dirk and dynamite, whether dirk and dynamite be for our individual hearts, or the hearts of our blood- bought institutions. Nor will Columbia tolerate the assassin much longer. She feels she has been criminally negligent; that she has erred on the side of mercy, and, though on the side of mercy, she has erred, and deserves reproof; that she must drive the disloyal assassin out, even though a scourge of scorpions be the only sufficient weapon. For the upright, loyal, honorable citizen, who loves principle better than he loves his native land, though dotted with the graves of his sires, and blooming with trysting places of love, Avho comes to us from bej'Ond the sea, to find for himself and his children a home, who lives in loving loyalty to the Constitution, laws and institutions of the coun- try that shelters him and gives him a place of refuge from the l)last and storm — for that man, whether 102 AMERICA-S NEXT WAR. from Dublin or Calcutta, whether from the land of the midnight sun or the sounding seas beneath the Southern Cross, our ports, our hearts and our homes are open wide, and our hospitality is as free as the falling dew, and as boundless as our ability. But for the man who refuses to naturalize and become an American citizen, who comes to sow the seed of dissension and dissatisfaction, who comes with red flag, bloody bowie, and smoking, murderous dy- namite — for that man we have no use whatever. In other words, we will be hospitable to those to whom our fathers would be hospitable, were they still living, and in the old homestead — and to none else. What right have we to squander our fathers' es- tate? We have been considering the foreigner's right to that which does not belong to him; we press now that intenser theme of our own rights to that which we have not earned, but inherited, and that, too, under certain conditions. Our inheritance is as sacred as a mother's prayer, or a sister's or daughter's honor. Fancy Hannibal, after having kissed his father's sword, and at the altar, while the evening incense rose to heaven, sworn eternal ven- geance against Rome, and inherited his father's ac- coutrements of war, and command — fancy him, after that, becoming an ally of Rome, and using his sword for her advancement and glorification! Think of the sons of Lincoln and Grant becoming allies of secessionists, and prostituting the heritage of their RIGHTS. 103 fathers to disloyal and rebellious persons and pnr- poses! Think of the gaunt, ghost-like skeletons that came out of Libby prison, or their sons, or their sons' sons, becoming champions of that heart- less tyranny, and squandering their heritage on those whose breath was treason, and Avhose daily prayer was for the destruction of our republic! Oh, no! We have not the right to stand idly Ijy, and listen to the disparagement of our fathers. We have not the right to permit ruthless hands to rend our Constitution. We have not the right to allow our institutions — our Sabbaths, our schools, and other institutions peculiar to us — trampled under foot. We have not the right to allow our country to be foreignized. To do so would bo unfilial; we would be violating a sacred trust. Our sires would arise from their graves and rebuke. The blood of innu- merable battle-fields would crv out as^ainst us. The spirits of the unreturning braves, whose bodies are scattered all the way from the fisheries of the Pine Tree State to the seals of Alaska, and from the wheat fields of Manitoba to the halls of the Montezumas, would testify against us at the judgment. In our conflicts we have been without allies. America has had to fight her own l)attles. Think of the days of the Revolution. Not only was Brit- ain against us, but other nations were ready to smite us, if they could only be paid to do so. It is true, there were a few foreigners on our side, but, as 104 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR a rule, they were more actuated by hatred of Britain than by love of America, and the institutions for which she was strus^olino:. Look at the war of 1812. It was another life and death struggle for rights intrusted. Look at the awful Civil War. We know now who said to the South: ''Strike, and we will see you through. Come hither to our docks for war-ships; to ouif arsenal for ammunition; to our banks for money." We marveled at the boldness of the South. Well she might be bold, with such sympa- thy and secret co-operation. Our struggle still is not with each other so much as with the interloper, in the service of powers, plotting our destruction. Who is at the bottom of our trouble with the liquor monster ? Were it not for the anti- American hordes, we could banish the saloon in ninety days. Who is at the bottom of the agitation against the Christian Sabbath ? Who are running the saloons, the beer gardens, the Sunday trains and Sunday newspapers, with increasing Sabbath desecration? Who is at the bottom of the war against our public schools, openly and without disguise ? By whom is Mormonism, yonder, l)ctween the mountains, fostered and fattened ? By whom is the war against the marriage relation waged, with lax views of the sanctity and obligations of Avedlock ? By that class of foreigners who would not be tol- erated in their own country; but in this land of lib- ENEMIES. 105 '^rty, where liberty is often only the synonym foi flicense, they claim the right to mould our institu- t;ions to suit their own purposes. Indeed, it has been elaborately argued that the spirit which smote our martyr President, Abraham Lincoln, received its strongest impulse from beyond our own shores. Oh, fellow-citizens, as we venerate the memory of our sires, and as we appreciate the priceless heri- tage bequeathed us, let us inscribe upon our banners this motto: "Welcome and hospitality for the loyal American Citizen^ whether from under the South- ern Cross or under the Northern Bear, whether African, Asiatic, European or American; but for the minions of foreign powers, whether civil or ec- clesiastical, not one foot of land, not one iota of political power, not one spot for residence. " Or, to put the same sentiment in fewer words: "America FOR Americans." "Our fathers' God, to thee, Author of Liberty, To thee we sing; Long may our land be bright. With Freedom's holy light; Protect us by thy might, Great God, our King." Where is the true man's fatherland ? Is it where he by chance is born? Doth not the yearning spirit scorn In such scant borders to be spanned ? O yes; his fatherland must be As the blue heaven wide and free." — Lowell. Be still, oh, doubting heart; the hand That holds the future of our land Its early triumphs wisely planned, And when the night shall pass away, Our land, perchance— how, none may say- Will glow in Freedom's perfect day." —H. a Ballard. (cvr.) WHO FOUQHT THE P/lTTLEJ ? The Citizen, in last week's issue, in replying to the boast so freely made by Roman Catholic editors and orators that the Irish fought the battles of the cival war and saved the nation, publishes the fol- lowing document received from the Pension Depart- ment at Wasiiington. Whole Number of troops wlio fought in the late war, - - 2,128,200 Natives of the United States, ._--__ 1,625.267 Germans, ---------- - 186,817 Irishmen, _-.- -_._._ 144,221 British, (other than Irish) __--..-, 99,040 Other foreigners, --------- 48,410 The desertions were as follows : Natives of the United States, - ----- 5 percent. Germans, --------- 16 " Irish, _._------- 72 British, (other than Irish) ------ 7 " Other foreigners, -------- 7 " In other words, says The Citizen, of the 144,000 Irishmen who enlisted, 104,000 deserted; and we are informed that most of these desertions occured after the recognitioti of the Confederacy by the Pope. Now as to the proportion of enlistments in the United States army, we find by the census that in i860 there were in the United States the following persons of foreign birth : Germani, ----------- 1,301,136 Irish, ,---------- 1,611.304 British, (other than Irish) - __--_- 835,943 Therefore, of the total in the country, 14 per cent, of the Germans enlisted, 12 per cent, of the British, and only g per cent, of the Irish. Tiie Citizen recommends its readers to preserve these statements for future reference. May 19th, 1892, AMERICA FOR AMERICANS I was born an American; I live an American; I shall die an American. — Webster One kind of peace will never do- Peace tricked out for a day, With outside dress of Union blue And under-clothes of gray. —Barker. The center of earth's noblest ring — Of more than men the more than king. Croly. O'er the dark and the gloomy horizon that bounds her Thro' the storm and the night and the hell that surrounds her. I can see with a faith which immortals have given, Burning words blazing out o'er the portals of heaven, "The Old Ship of State Will Live!" She will live while a billow lies swelling before her. She will live while the blue arch of heaven bends o'er While the name of a Christ to the fallen we cherish, 'Till the hopes in the breast of humanity perish. She will live. —Barker. CHAPTER VII. AMEEICA FOR AMERICANS. Every true American will see at a glance, that this is a subject in which he or she ought to be inter- ested. Did I ask that America might become Pres- byterian or Methodist, then those of other folds might object; or did I claim this country for native- born Americans alone, then 1 might rightfully ])e branded as a bigot. But I make no such claim, try to establish no such standard. A leading bishop of the Catholic church threw down the challenge in a public congregation, by commencing his address with the words: "America for Catholicism." This, certainly, is a brave position for any man to take, having no larger constituency than is found in the Catholic church of America. I cannot help admir- ing his confidence, and calling attention to the hero- ism of his faith. Men are apt to feel that the body to which they belong, or represent, is the largest and most import- ant body in the world, and surest of success. Some days ago a reporter entered my study and called my attention to four Methodist ministers Avho were in trouble with their people; and, in an excited (111) 112 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. manner, said: "The Methodist church is certainly going to pieces; here is trouble in Milwaukee, Chi- cago, Buffalo and Newark; no church can stand such a strain." I said to him: "My friend, you have macle this number too small. There are twelve Methodist ministers in trouble. You are looking at the kickers, twelve in number; and because of the fuss and flurry these twelve men are making with their people, you have concluded that the whole Methodist church is going to pieces. Now, let us look at the 12,988 Methodist ministers who are not having trouble, but are in harmony wath their peo- ple, themselves and their God; men of whom you have forgotten to speak, and to whom you have given no thought. " There is no cause for alarm in this country, if the American people do their duty, and Protestants are true to the principles they advocate. Catholicism has 10,000,000 communicants, 8,000 clergymen, 10,000 churches and chapels, and 650 colleses and academies. Cardinal Gibbons said, in his speech, at the laying of the corner stone of St. Peter's Cathohc church, Washington, D. C: "I greatly rejoice in the growth of our church. We have in this country 9,000,000 members." They have more than that; they have 10,000,000; which is one to every six and one-half persons. Now, it is not a sreat achievement that from birth and immi- sration the whole Catholic world should be able to count 10,000,000 followers on these shores. CATHOLICS. 113 There are two Protestant churches, each of which outnumbers them; and four others that come very near to them. Hence, in a hand-to-hand conflict, we behttle ourselves by crying, when we have six Prot- estants to one Catholic. Nevertheless, they ar§ a mighty power in this country, because of their wise, sagacious, self-sacrificing, far-seeing leadership. First, they are laying hold on the centers of power — the cities. The history of this race is largely found in the records of the cities. Twelve cities, to-day, govern largely the commercial, social and political life of this republic. In 1800 there were but six cities with 8,000 in- habitants; now there are 286, some of which have reached the million line. The London Spectator is fully convinced that American strength, if it were once fully exerted, would be irresistible by any European State. It adds: "No State, however powerful, will ever again do with ease anything to which the American republic is strongly opposed. There is no diplomatist in Europe who does not know this, or who does not hold that Napoleon HI. was only sane in quitting Mexico, and that Prince Bismarck showed his wisdom when, rather than quarrel seriously with Washington, he abandoned all pretensions in Samoa." These are significant words. Already, as the /Spectator points out, this republic surpasses Great Britain in population, as a century hence it will sur- pass, in all probability, the entire population of Hi AMERICA'S NEXT WAE. Europe. The American people, wrapped up in their domestic alfairs and the excitements of rapidly- recurring Presidential campaigns, take no thought of the condition of the nations beyond the seas. It is not self -consciousness that leads to this abstrac- tion, nor is it self-satisfaction with our natural re- sources, and the insurmountable barrier to invasion which the Atlantic and Pacific oceans maintain. Here the people look at matters in a far different light from nations on the contment and in Great Britain. There peace depends upon an armed neu- trality. Each nation watches the other with a jeal- ous eye and sleepless vigilance. Every movement by one for the erection of new fortifications, the increase of its naval equipment or its army, is im- mediately followed by redoubled efforts of other governments to make themselves secure and their frontiers impregnable. Thus peace is purchased at a frightful expenditure, not only of the nation's wealth, but of the people's tranquility. With us, there is no fear of Canada on the north or Mexico and the Central American States on the south. No standing army consumes the people's substance, and but a meagre handful of men is re- quired for all the arts of war. Peaceful pursuits, the application of human ingenuity, industry, and purpose to the accumulation of wealth, to the edu- cation, refinement and uplifting of the people, en- gage the attention of the citizens. Is it to be wondered at that our neighbors across the sea, OPPORTUXITIES. 115 looking with covetous eyes on this peaceful, pros- perous and powerful land, supremel}^ content in its isolation, seek to foster and maintain the most cor- dial relations with it ? In 1900, ten or twelve cities will control 100,000,- 000 people. Now, the Catholic fathers see this, and are laying their plans to capture these cities. They do not move into the suburbs, to make for them- selves comfortable and pleasant homes; but they live with their people, in order that they may elect the officers who command these centers. We Americans boast that we outnumber them in the country, forgetting that the influence of a man in a country town, with from one to three thousand inhabitants, is not one-thousandth part of that of a mayor, alderman, supervisor or chief of police in a city like Chicago or New York. My life, up to 1875, was spent largely in a little town of not a thousand inhabitants. My ministry was in the villages of New England. But since coming to Chicago, my soul has been on a stretch, day and night, toward the matchless privilege and responsibility of citizenship in one of the twelve great centers of this republic. For I see the insti- tutions established by the fathers greatly endan- gered; while the great Protestant church is largely asleep, on the verge of civil commotion; and the tires beneath our feet are being fed by superstition, socialism, anarchy and infidelity. When shall we awake and know our danger and see our privileges ? 116 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. "The importance of the possession of America to the cause of religion cannot well be overestimated. It is a providential nation. How youthful, and yet how great! How rich in glorious promise! A hun- dred years ago the States exceeded but little the third million in population; to-day they approach the sixty-fifth million. Streams of immigration from the lands of the earth are turned toward us. There is, manifestly, much of value in our soil and air, in our social and political institutions, that the world's throngs are drawn to us. The country is one that must grow and prosper. The influence of America is widespread among nations, no less in the solution of social and political problems than in the develop- ment of industry and commerce. There is not a country on the globe which does not borrow from us ideas and aspirations. The spirit of American liberty wafts its spell across the seas and oceans, and prepares ground for the implanting of American thoughts and fashions. This influence will grow with the growth of the nation. Estimates have been made as to our population a century hence, placing it at 400,000,000, due allowance made in this com- putation for diminution in the numbers of our im- migrants. The center of gravity for human action is rapidly shifting, and in the non-distant future America will lead the world. The native character of the American people fits them to be leaders. They are active, aggressive, earnest. Whatever they be- lieve, they act out ; whatever they aim for, the}'" at BROTHERHOOD. 117 tain. They are utterly incapable of the indiflerenee to livinf^ interests, and the apathy which, under the specious name of conservatism, mark European pop- ulations. The most daring elements of other lands have come hither to form a new people — new in en- ergy, new in spirit, new in action — in complete adap- tation to the new epoch in the world's history, through which we are living. . We cannot but be- lieve that a singular mission is assigned to America, glorious for ourselves and beneficent to the whole race, that of bringing forth a new social and political order, based more than any other that has hereto- fore existed upon the common brotherhood of man, and more than anv other sccurino; to the multitude of the people social happiness and equality of rights. In our own are bound up the hopes of the billions of the whole earth. The church triumphant in America, truth will travel on the wings of American influence, and with it encircle the universe." Secondly: They are directing their attention to the schools, knowing full well, that he who has the training of children, to him belongs the future — that is to say, the teachers have within their power the preparing of the children to express and enact their convictions in the next generation. Now, it is a lamentable fact that in these centers a large majority of the teachers are Catholics; and it is no small item in the shaping of civilization that 7,000,000 children are being impressed six days in the week, for nine and ten months out of the year. 118 A^IEEICA'S NEXT WAR. by men and women who have no love or respect for our school system, only so far as it affords them a livelihood, and an opportunity to teach the princi- ples of Catholicism. The whole fight against the public school as an institution centers in the priest- hood; and who are these Roman Catholic priests ? Largely foreigners, with foreign sympathies; who never had any sympathy with popular education of the people. Only when Catholicism comes in contact with Protestant nations, do they show any interest in the education of the masses. But, having had an experience in this country, they have come to see that children taught in our public schools do not make good Romanists; hence this intense hatred of, and warfare upon, our institutions. From their standpoint, this gives them great anxiety; and the establishment of schools, to be directed by the church, becomes a necessity with them. But the separate school is found to he an expen- sive system, when added to the regular tax for the support of public schools. The priests, therefore, are determined, if possible, to inveigle the state into a payment of the expense for separate schools, or divide the school money. On this question we are to have a desperate fight in this country; and I know of no way for Protest- ants to be successful, unless they declare themselves opposed to the payment to any denominational in- terest of State funds. Wc object to the advocates of this Roman civili- CONSCIENCE. 119 zation in America becoming tlie teachers of the next generation of Americans. We want a liomogene- ous people. Whatever tends to divide the people- to continue race distinctions, is to be deprecated. We cannot aflbrd to have two or more nationalities, or two or more types of civilization. We want no French-Americans, no German-Americans, no Irish- Americans, no British- Americans; we want only Americans. We want no aristocracy; no peasantry. Rome fosters classes and caste. "Gentlemen for the par- lor, serfs for the field," was the declaration of one of her prominent advocates. It is the learned few; and the ignorant many. Its vast hierarchy is built on the theory of despotism. We have seen some- thing of it in the great cities, where the hierarchy has been hand in glove with the political boss dividing with him the plunder of the treasury; furnishing the votes which control elections, in return for financial aid and stolen opportunities to proselyte the people. The real, logical distinctions between the Roman Catholic church and the Protestant is not the ques- tion of papacy, nor is it in the ordinances, bat in the direction of the individual conscience. The Roman Catholic church holds to a corporate conscience. Whatever that church determines to l)e right or wrong, the individual must respect; while in the Protestant church we urge every man to follow his own conscience, in pursuit of the best light and knowledo;e cjiven to the individual member. The 120 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. greatest danger is in the attitude and power vested in the political trickster of to-day. This everlastingly catering to the vote of Catlio- licism is ruinous to Protestant interests. Nothing can be more ruinous, unless it be that of indifference on the part of those who neither seek, nor cast, votes. Every man ought to feel that citizenship in a repub- lic is identified with great responsibilities; and if this country is to remain Democratic in its form of gov- ernment, every man must interest himself suffi- ciently to know what is required of him, and then hasten to do it. Thirdly: Let us look at the nature of our citizens to-day. Foreign elements are massing upon our shores with such rapidity as to provoke the ques- tion, and lead the best minds to inquire how we may utilize the rapid increase, without the transfer of national peculiarities; or, in other words, how we may Americanize the African, the Indian, Irishman, Jew, German, Pole, Norwegian, Englishman, and the Italian. The immigration of to-day is not what it was in the time of our fathers. The first settlers came to this country to find a home, where liberty and freedom from religious restraint and persecution were promised. They came with their prayer books and hymnals. But the great mass of immigrants of to-day are ignorant of our laws, or forms of government; when once upon their feet, they go about to reconstruct society, and re-create their European institutions. TRANSFER. 121 This does not apply to all. I want to say once, and emphatically, that there are grand specimens of humanity, filled with true loyalty and conviction, from all shores with us to-day; and to all such we give a hearty welcome to all the privileges our in- stitutions afford. But the time has come when the percentage is so large of those who seek simply to secure our advan- tages for selfish purposes, that we have a right to demand of them certain pledges, as a law of self- protection; which may be summed up, perhaps, in one pledge: Are you ready to become Americans^ and leave Germany, Ireland, Scotland and France, as you left your own homes, when you established anew, and took to yourself a vnie ? If so, pull up your patriotism, roots and all, and transplant it in this country ; for we want no coat of many colors, no crazy quilt, no patchwork, but one land, one flag, and one interest. "If this repul^lic is to last through the coming ages, it must last in the afTcctious of the entire American people. It must be wisely guarded l)y rules, and firmly defended by the citizens of the republic. Statesmanship no less is essential, Init, my countrymen, self-reliance in the people is also essential. Why, what is all your education worth ? What your schools and colleges, and costly institutions of learning, if manhood and character are lost ? What is all your wealth worth, its splendor and its pomp. 122 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. your railroads, your bonds, your banks, your bound- less evidences of gigantic prosperity; what is it all worth, if you destroy unity, or sap the foundations of self-reliance among the people ? Why, my countrymen, you cannot purchase con- stitutional liberty with mone}^; you cannot paint it on gilded walls of splendid palaces; you cannot en- grave it on the corner-stones of colleges or costly capitals; you cannot perpetuate it on parchment, nor decree it by statute. Constitutions are a sham, and law is a mockery, unless the people behind it have the manhood to defend the one and enforce the other. The home of liberty at last is in the heart, rather than in the head; and liberty's last, best and strongest fortress is the manhood, character and self-reliance of this American people, 1 tell you, these words which so charm the American ear — re- public, constitution, law, liberty — all will become but the glittering spangles of the shroud that will at last robe the dead body of your liberties, if your manhood and your character are lost. Is that true ? If so, statesmanship, patriotism, and common sense bid us inquire how we are to take care of man- hood. I propose to go to the core of this subject. How ? I lay this down as a proposition not to be gainsaid: Manhood and character must rest on self-respect. "Without self-respect there is no character; without it there is no manhood. Well, how are you going to build up the self- SCHOOL-LIFE. - 123 respect of the American youth ? Shall I answer ? By stimulating his pride in his country; by exalting his estimation of the deeds of his ancestry, teaching the American boy that in his veins flows the blood of heroes, that he is the descendant of the grandest race of liberty's defendants this world ever had in it, and you will get a race of men, " Third: As Americans, we have upon our hands the solving of the great problem of the liquor traf- fic, "which is carried on largely by foreigners; and is directly opposed to the best form of government, and the mother of all evil. This fact we must look squarely in the face, and ask ourselves what is to be done, and then go about it. A few suggestions as to our duty: First: Let us look well to the home-life of Ameri- cans; for what the home-life is, the nation will be. Every home, therefore, should be a cradle of liberty. Let us look well to our school-life, making it one of the conditions of enfranschisement — an education in the language, principles and history of America. For the State will neglect its highest and most im- portant duty, if it suffers any church to be responsi- ble for the entire control and education of any con- siderable portion of its citizens. The education of American children should be an American educa- tion, in strict accord with our republican forms, presented in one language, and made a work of the 124 AMEEICA'S NEXT WAR. State, and never left to the churcn, to chance or charity. The time has come for us to say something about who should be eligible to citizenship in this country, and to call a halt at the gateway of immigration, until they are ready to accept the religion of Amer- ica, and defend intelligently our public institutions; and this can never be done without a system of trainiusr, such as begets in the individual heart a self-respect as the basis of national liberty. REMAKES. First: Sons and daughters of America, let us re- member with reverence the fathers, and the sac- rifices they made in the establishment of the institu- tions that have made this country what it now is; and go out to kindle camp-fires in every city and village, on every slope, and along every river, until the mil- lions now within our borders shall become billions! Inspired with true devotion to God, and with love for our country, let us go forward to make war on all law-brealdng and law-evading organizations, looking for success in the power of God, who giveth all things liberally to them that walk uprightly. Second: In all our warfare, let us cherish a liberal spirit toward all church organizations, and men of conviction, denouncing all political allegiance to the Pope, and tolerance to his dictation in civil interests; directing our fire on all religious and creeds that strike against home, schools or freedom of worship, WAKFARE. 125 be they Catholic, Mormon or Pagan; unfurling and defending the glorious old flag, with its stars and stripes, as the emblem of liberty, right and unity. We are told that many years ago, after a hard- fought battle, wherein the valor and heroism of the soldiers were made apparent, the victorious com- mander presented his soldiers with a medal, bearing the name of the battle, and the simple motto: "I was there." The soldiers received and prized these medals far more than if they had been of the finest gold, and studded with priceless jewels. So, as we stand in the midst of the greatest battle of the age — a battle, not of swords, but of ideas and princi- ples — let us ask ourselves the questions: Shall this republic be Christian or infidel; shall this people be temperate or drunken; and shall this flag wave over the triumphant millions in the years to come, as the emblem of union ? Let us so act our part, that when He who reigns King of nations, shall take us to the everlasting habitation on high, and point to the battle of America, we may be able to say with pride, "1 was there." We'll gird us for the coming fight; "And, strong in Him, whose cause is ours. In conflict with unholy powers. We grasp the weapons He hath given, The light, the truth, the love of heaven." "All human power is from evil, and must therefore be standing under the Pope." "The church is empowered to grant or to take away any temporal possession." "The Pope has the right to absolve from oaths." "He who kills one that is excommunicated is no murderer in a legal sense." — TJie Canon Law, gleaned by Dr. O. F. von Schulte. (cxxvi) CHAPTER VIII. CLAIMS OE ROMANISM. Bt II. G. Jackson, D.D. Nothing can be more surprising to an intelligent person in the closing decade of the nineteenth century than the arrogant claims of Romanism, unless it be the humiliating fact that these claims are admitted as valid, even by many of the better informed adherents of that church, instead of being treated with the ridicule that their, absurdity merits. In the present chapter it is proposed to call atten- tion to some of those claims and assumptions on the part of Romanism that are too well known to re- quire documentary proof; hence it will not be necessary to cite authorities or to encumber the page and distract the attention of the reader with refer- ences and footnotes. Nevertheless, be it understood that indisputable authority can be given if required. And first, as to the claims made with respect to his so-called Holiness, the Pope. That under the cleansing power of the blood of Christ, and the refining presence of the Holy Spirit in the heart, it is possible for man to attain to such (127) 128 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. a state of grace and moral purity that the adjective "holy" may, without impropriety, be applied to him, perhaps all believers in the divine reality of the Christian religion will admit; but, even then, Avhat arrogance to assume that such a one has become the impersonation of holiness; that he is not simply holy, but is holiness itself. Of no human being, among all the favored of God, whose names are recorded in Sacred Scripture, is such a thing inti- mated. Not of Mary, wdiom tlie Romanists call "the Mother of God;" not of Peter, claimed by them to have been the first Pope; not even of Christ himself, of whom the Pope sometimes, in mock humility, styles himself the servant. How hath the servant become o:reater than his Lord ! It was left for the arrogance of the papacy to set up for its Head the unique claim of being the exemplification of the loftiest attribute of God ! It may be urged in ex- tenuation that "His Holiness" is simply a title with no more significance than "His Majesty," "His Eminence," and the like; which may be true; but in all these cases there is the presumption that the quality indicated by the title is specially exemplified by the bearer of it. No one would seriously object if the pretended servant of a houseless Saviour, and successor of a poor fisherman had chosen the title of "His Majesty," seeing that he occupies one of the most magnificent palaces in the w^orld, and is one of the richest of monarchs; all of which is sufficiently dazzling to ordinary mortals to inspire in them a "HIS HOLINESS.' 129 feeling of awe quite akin to majesty; but Holiness relates to character, not to environment, and is quite as apt to be exemplified in the hut of the peasant as in the palace of the king. The assumption of such a title by the monsters of cruelty and debauchery that sometimes have occupied the papal throne may be en lied blasphemous only because the poverty of lansua^e does not aiford a stronger term with Avhich to characterize it. But this is not all. "Vicar of Jesus Christ," "Vicegerent of God," and similar appellations, significant of the pretensions of "His Holiness," are familiar to the devout Catholic. As "Vicegerent of God," he assumes the reigns of gov- ernment in God's absence. As "Vicar of Jesus Christ," he is supreme head of the church on earth. So that this man, himself only a sinner saved by the infinite mercy of God, if saved at all, assumes to lord it over God's heritage as if God and Christ had CD abdicated in his favor. Consider the claim of Infallibility. By what perversion of reason or jugglery of logic can intelligent men bring themselves to admit such a preposterous claim ? Will it be said that in this no more is demanded for the "successor" of Peter than for Peter himself ? But when and where has the in- fallibility of Peter been declared ? Or that of any of the apostles ? Paul withstood Peter to his face at Antioch, "because he was to be blamed;" ana Paul himself, so far from assuming infallibility, declares to the Corinthians that he was with them "in fear 130 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. and much trembling;" ana with the utmost diffidence gives his own opinion, as being in doubt whether it was in harmony with the will of God or not; and yet he insisted that he w^as not one "whit behind the very chiefest apostles." Will it be said that the infallibility of the Pope extends to matters of faith and morals only ? But who is authorized to fix the boundary of such matters? Manifestly no one except the Pope himself; which fact resolves itself into this — that the Pope is infalli- ble in all things in which he says he is infallible; and it is heresy to question his infallibility in any case! There was a time when the Pope thought himself infallil)le in matters of geography; and believing the earth to be a plane, he proposed to obviate all dis- putes between the Portuguese and Spanish discover- ers by drawing a line of "Demarkation" north and south through the Atlantic, and assigning all east of that line to the Portuguese and all west of it to the Spaniards, giving the former, as he supposed, the East, and the latter the West Indies; but when Ferdinand Magellan, in the interest of the Spanish monarchy, by sailing westward, circumnavigated the globe and reached the East Indies by way of the west, he at the same time circumvented the infalli- bility of the Pope, and proved that the line of demarkation was based on geographical ignorance. The attempt to silence Galileo does not speak well for the scientific acumen of Pope Paul V., and, in fact, the attitude of the church, as represented by INFALLIBILITY. 131 the Popes, towards scientific truth does not give much encouragement to the belief that the pretended infallibility of "His Holiness" applies to such mat- ters. It is unfortunate for the argument of those who claim the infallibility but seek to cover many palpable errors of the Popes in matters of science by limiting the attribute to doctrines and morals only, that the only Scripture text that can with any plaus- ibility whatever be adduced in support of the claim does not state any limitation at all, but says "What- soever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven." It is perhaps equally unfortunate that the same declaration was made to the other disciples as well as to Peter. In truth, the claim of papal in- fallibility is of very recent origin, and was a desper- ate attempt to bolster up the declining authority of his "Holiness," Pius the Ninth, when it was seen that the last remnant of temporal power was slipping from his grasp. But in fact, while it is claimed that the Pope is infallible only in matters of faith and morals, this latter term is made to embrace everything that the interest or caprice of the Romish hierarchy may find convenient. The word "morals" is quite broad enough to overlap politics. Leo XIII. says: "Poli- tics are inseparably bound up with the laws of morality and religious duties;" from which the infer- ence is plain that a claim to infallibility in morals implies equal supremacy in politics. In accordance with this assumption the Popes have not failed to 132 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. interpose in the political aifairs of every nation in which anything was to be gained to the church by so doing. Claiming supremacy in the matter of individ- ual opinion and conscience, the Pope presumes to dictate, not only the religions faith, but the political action, of all the adherents of Romanism; so that the declaration of Ghidstone and Bismarck, that alleg- iance to the Pope is inconsistent with good citizenship, has all the force of a self-evident proposition. Pius IX. declares: ''To entertain opinions contrary to this Catholic faith is to be an impious W' retch." Is it any wonder that an incubus like this laid upon the individual mind and conscience should paralyze all enterprise and independence, and reduce the victims of it to a condition of both spiritual and intellectual stagnation ? Witness the difierence between the material, intellectual and moral progress of North and South America. With every advantage of pri- ority of discovery, facility of conquest, climate, material wealth and attractiveness in general, in favor of those portions of the Western world that fell under the dominion of the Roman Catholic pow- ers, they are now so distanced in the race of progress as to make comparison impossible. A deadly miasm from the Tiber has enveloped the continent from ]Mexico to Patagonia, and paralyzed the spirit of progress throughout. When therepublies of South America threw oflf the Spanish yoke they were not half emancipated, for the shackles of Rome remain upon them still. When all the countries of Europe THE INCUBUS OF ROMAXISM. 133 were equally under the spiritual domination of Kome, Spain was the most chivalrous and enterprising of all, and by the fortunate discovery of America soon became the wealthiest among them; but a little later the Reformation took its rise, and certain of the nations, adopting its principles, asserted their free- dom from Rome. The cflect was almost immediately apparent in the increased activity, enterprise and consequent prosperity of these people. The plodding Hollander, the conservative German and the matter- of-fact Englishman all outstripped the dashing Span- iard in the race of life; and Spain, from being the proudest and richest, soon became one of the least im- portant of the nations, and so remains to this day. The achievements of the sul)jects of Romanism, in the line of progress, may truthfully be said to have been in spite of their religion, rather than by the aid of it. If there have been great men, they were not great because of their religion, but would have lieen greater if they had been free; and if Roman Catho- lic nations have made any advancement during the past four centiu'ies, it is because the inherent energy of human nature has been able to assert itself in spite of the incubus laid upon it b}^ the most paralyzing system of ecclesiastical tyranny the w^orld has ever known. Men of thought, be up and stirring night and day, Sow the seed, withdraw the curtain, clear the way; Men of action, aid and cheer them as ye may. There's a fount about to stream, There's a light about to beam. There's a warmth about to glow, There's a flower about to blow. There's a midnight blackoes^ changiog into gray; Men of thought, and men of action, clear the way. Lo! a cloud's about to vanish from the day, And a brazen wrong to crumble into clay; Lo! the right's about to conquer, clear the way. With the night shall many more Enter smiling at the door; With the giant wrong shall fall Many others, great and small. That for ages long have held us for their prey; Men of thought, and men of action, clear the way. — Charles Mackay. "For every star that gilds its blue, Ten thousand heroes died for you. For every fibre in its thread, Some hero or some heart hath bled. Let hero blood, let patriot tears, Let valor's shout, let victor's cheers, Bid us their fame untarnished keep, And guard that banner while Ihey sleep." (cxxxiv.) ■m J^ >»®T? A. E. GAMET. State Pres't P. O. S. of A. CHAPTER IX. OUR HOPE. — P. O. S. OF A. The hope of our country is not in the hills and valleys, mountains and seas, rivers and mines of this great Republic, though they are rich in gifts of power and almost inexhaustible supplies. Ere the 2,500,000 square miles are settled and America •cries for territory, we shall have gone to the endless fields of eternity. While we glory in that our flag floats over more that is calculated to inspire confi- dence and reward industry when wisely directed, we arc not looking to America's national resources for help to perpetuate the glory of this home land, nor are we resting in the institutions of the land that we inherited. Nay, it was not want of territory that defeated Rehoboam, for his dominion was from sea to sea, but it was a want of that loyalty that makes men mighty in defense of common interests. It was not w^ealth that conquered Great Britain and gave our fathers this paradistic world. It was not numbers that gave Napoleon Tabor, when 20,00(> Turks marched upon his French force that num- bered less than three thousand. (137) 138 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Loyalty, such as leads man to forget every- thing save his country's need, that gave Pompey 100,000 men at the stamp of his foot, led 80,000 to follow Peter barefooted and bareheaded on to Jeru- salem, that they might retake the tomb where Jesus once laid, and banish the Turks. That is the spirit which must protect our future as it has in the past. It was not wanting in 1776, and appearing with intensified enthusiasm it bridged the chasm of 1861, and healed the breach of confi- dence in 1865. It is still abroad in our land. Step on the rostrum or into the pulpit — East, West, North or South, and for any purpose make reference to the flag, school house, or home, and you are met with an outburst of enthusiasm almost irrepressible; as if God had fired the hearts of the people in view of coming conflicts. In this I see evidence of a philosophy none can fully explain or account for. By a mysterious bap- tism men are aroused and ready for war when an emergency arises. Death by bullet, starvation or exposure loses its power to restrain. Rewards have little influence; for the men who fought in the late war were receiving better pay, had better food, rai- ment and company than Uncle Sam oflered; and as for pensions, none were thought of by the rank and file until long after the war was over. Yet men rushed into the field and on to battle as if by magic. Aroused, fired, energized and kept like crusaders PUTNAM ON THE EVE OF BATTLE. 13*J when imbued with some master spirit. Rise and explain, ye men of our Athens! Why, Sumter had been fired on and the Stars and Stripes torn down and others put in their phice — that's. all! As when Putnam on the eve of a battle shouted: "Powder! powder! ye gods, give us pow- der!'" the same spirit led the Jersey dominie when the army was short of wadding to rush into the church, and, seizing Watts' Hymns, shout "Give them Watts!" That spirit is still with us, and finds expression in hundreds of thousands who are banded together in organizations for the purpose of main- taining the institutions that make men and patriots. In 1872 the P. O. S. of A. was organized with the following preamble: "Next to the love for the Creator, we believe that patriotism is the highest and noblest afiection of the human soul. We be- lieve that the institutions of no country are safe without patriotic citizens, and that none will so jeal- ously guard and protect them as those who are born and reared under their influence. We believe that we have the best form of government for the masses on the face of the earth. "For the welfare, prosperity and liberty of all American citizens and their descendants we desire to protect our form of government and preserve it intact from the influence and control of any foreign power. By disseminating sentiments of loyalty and patriotism; by establishing a fraternal feeling of devotion to country amongst all Americans, we 140 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. hope to make it impossible for any one to live under the protection of the 'Stars and Stripes' who does not honor and revere it, and who would not be will- ing to give up his life in defense of the principles of freedom and justice which it represents. "We desire to sustain the purity of the ballot, and to have it intelligently and legitimately used. ' ' We believe that our system of free public schools is the bulwark of our liberty, and we insist that they be kept absolutely free from all ecclesiastical and sectarian influences, and be under the supervision of local secular officers elected by the people. We are in favor of Compulsory and Industrial Educa- tion. "We cordially welcome all of those foreigners who come to this country with the honest desire of becoming loyal American citizens, and who sincerely disavow any and all allegiance to foreign potentates and governments, and who honor and revere our national flas:. "AVe are opposed to the occupanc}^ of any part of our land by foreign speculators or adventurers, who do not wish to become citizens; and we believe that all of the resources and privileges of the coun- try should be reserved for the exclusive use of citi- zens, either native-born or naturalized. "We are in favor of crushing out that which is already here, and of taking measures which will prohibit from entrance into our ports, in the future, of that foreign element which comes here to advo- ORGANIZATION OF THE P. O. S. OP A. 141 cate communism, and nihilism, and which does not identify itself with our country, and does not respect our flag. "We invite all native-born citizens who believe in their countiy and its institutions, and who desire to perpetuate free government, and who wish to en- courage a brotherly feeling among Americans, to the end that we may exalt our country, to join with us in this work of fellowship and love." The principles herein set forth commit the Order to an expression of loyalty such as every nation must have in order to perpetuate their peculiar form of government. The P. O. S. of A. was organized for the purpose of disseminating sentiments of loyalty and patriotism throughout the length and breadth of this country, in view of such emergencies as must come to a free people living under a republican form of govern- ment. They are sworn to protect the "Stars and Stripes" and every interest symbolized by the flag. The National President in his annual address at Philadelphia in 1891 said: "As we as a nation face the sunrise of a second century, what a splendid destiny awaits our glorious Union if its people keep the faith ! Yet in the years to come its pathway may be beset by many dangers, its skies obscured by many clouds; but so long as this Republic holds to the original purposes of its creation, to })rotect the lives, to insure the liberties, and to promote the happiness of all its people, its- 1-12 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. boat will safely outride the storms and anchor at last in the harbor of universal freedom. ' ' In the next century great questions are to be settled, and no men were ever placed in a position where they could do more for their country than the sons of the nineteenth century. In this great undivided home there are millions to be educated and converted to American ideas; millions of crude undeveloped natures to be trained and remodeled, so that they will be able to intelligently exercise the rights of citizenship. To whom does this work belong? To you, my brother; for have you not sworn upon your bended knee to labor for free America? to give up your fortune and life, too, if necessarv, in order that that glorious old flao:, the emblem of liberty, equal rights and national unity, might wave over a union of States populated by a free, happy and contented people ? '• By the immortal memories of the heroic past we are summoned to the duties and responsibilities of the future. We have pledged ourselves to the per- petuation of popular government and the mainte- nance of its free institutions; and praying that the blessing of Providence may attend us in the years to come, and that the shield of a Heavenly Father's love may be always over us, we must push on under the dearest flag that freemen ever bore ; on, in the broad sunshine of liberty and justice ; on, to the inspiring music of the Union; on, along the grand highway of the nation's glory, to the future of our OUR FLAG. 143 countr3's hopes and the reahzation of a strong, pure, patriotic government, so great and so grand that it will command the respect of the civilized world. "Our flao; floats over a land that is more beautiful than any other. Our country surpasses an empire in magnificence and grandeur, and yet it is only clothed with the simplicity of republican dignity; but nature has clothed it with resources discountmg those of any other on earth, for it is the land of our fathers; it is our precious inheritance; it has been watered by their tears; it has been subdued by their hands; it has been defended by their valor; it has been consecrated by their virtues. On the east of us rolls the lordly Atlantic, on the west smiles the beneficent Pacific. The great section of country stretching between has every possible ad- vantage. It is intersected by magnificent rivers ; it is darkened by great sweeping forests ; it is full of fat valleys which bloom and blossom like the rose. Talk about your Switzerland ! it would be but a toy if set down amid the grand old hills of Pennsylvania. Then if you are not satisfied, go with me where the setting sun illumes the snow- capped peaks of the Rockies, as their towering heights penetrate the azure blue of a western sky; then ramble through their canyons and rocky defiles, viewing the works of nature until you shall have become intoxicated with their glorious beauties and be led to exclaim: My country! my countr}^! was there ever such a beautiful country ! Land of the 144 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. free and home of the brave ! It has a population, which, in point of intelligence, virtue, morality and sobriety, surpasses that of any other country; it has a flag for which more blood has been shed than for any other that waves in the sight of Heaven ; but this beautiful land of ours is threatened by a powerful army, greater and deadlier in its influence than that which invaded Europe under Napoleon. America, as the land of promise to all the w^orld, is the destination of the most remarkable migration of which we have any record. During the last four years we have suflered a peaceful invasion by an army more than twice as vast as the estimated num- ber of Goths and Vandals who swept over southern Europe and overwhelmed Rome. Each year the gates at Castle Garden have swung wide open and have admitted from 600,000 to 700,000 people from foreign countries. Most of these have come here practically under contract of service to certain con- tractors, who bring them out and undertake to sell their labor in the United States in competition with the free labor of this country. This great danger threatens not merely the livelihood of our American citizens, but it threatens the prosperity of our free institutions. "As the labor of these people is sold in blocks, so their votes can be sold. They are delivered at the polls, and where public sentiment is so nearly divided as it is between the great political parties of this country, a small contingent can determine which IMMIGRATION. 145 shall possess the government. The overrunning of the States, especially Pennsylvania, with the cheap- est of cheap labor has imposed much suffering upon the American workmen, and demands some legisla- tion and Congressional action. "The New York Tribune remarks: 'With all our regard for humanitarian principles, this country must no longer be made the dumping ground for the asvlums of the world.' "While, during the years 1S50 to 1880, our popu- lation only doubled, the defective classes, including the deaf, dumb, blind, iiliotic and insane, increased four hundred per cent. The increase of the blind was from 9,000 in 1850 to about 50,000 in 1880; of deaf and dumb, from 10,000 to nearly 35,000; of idiots, from 15,000 to over 90,000. In view of such figures, well misfht the New York Times sav: 'If we do not mean to have this country made an alms- house and penal colony for the whole planet, it be- hooves us to make immigration more costly and difficult.' ' 'America has reached such a stage that she can no longer continue to appropriate and assimilate yearly from one-half to nearly three-quarters of a million immigrants, the great majority of whom are totally ignorant of the country and its institutions, and who have to be educated by the experience of a long series of years. The law relative to the naturaliza- tion of aliens is not strict enough. The custom of alloAving foreigners, who know nothing of our laws, 146 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. to become citizens after a residence here of five years, whether they are able to speak the EngHsh hmguage or not, is giving them greater privileges than is granted to American-born boys. In view of these facts, it is om- duty as Americans and patriots to see to it that our naturalization laws are so amended that the period of probation shall be lengthened, and that every applicant, before he receives his final papers, shall be required to read intelligently in the English language the written or printed Constitution of the United States, and that he also be required to write legibly his own name upon the register to show that he is fitted to share in the administration of the government. "We are striving and working to-day for the same great principles and the same glorious institutions for which our fathers worked. Our enemies are concentrating their forces, and are making their fight against that great factor of our national pros- perity — our common schools — which has been for the last century steadily lifting the whole nation from the mires of ignorance and superstition; and even now has the foundation of this, the most price- less of our free institutions, been assailed, and its walls are already rocking in the breeze of foreign influence, which threatens to wipe out " The Little Red School House," which is the nation's hope and joy; the patriot's anchor, the American's pride; but, if the principles of the fathers be maintained and the loyalty of the sons continue, the dear old Stars and GROWTH OF THE P. O. S. OF A. Ii7 Stripes will float over America's " Little Red School House " to the end of time. "So rapid has been the growth of this Order during the past few years that now the quiet of the evening is broken alike among the pine-clad hills of Maine, the ruffged shores of the Atlantic and the golden sands of California by the songs of patriotism that are sung around our altars. Our organization to-day is of more importance in the estimation of the public than it ever was before. We have created a senti- ment which has gone all over the country awaken- ing the people to the necessity of exerting every influence possible to uproot and destroy the ele- ments that are striking at our institutions and trying to overthrow the grandest system of government that ever existed. This public sentiment has sounded the death-knell of anarchy, clan-na-gaelism, the infernal mafia, and is now calling before the bar of public opinion for investigation all organizations and societies that dare to openly or covertly attack any of our beloved institutions. This same senti- ment and feeling has placed the Stars and Stripes, the emblem of our nationality, over nearly all the school-houses in the United States, and God grant that this sentiment may still grow until the Ameri- can people shall with one voice proclaim in tones of thunder that no foreign flag, not even one as big as a man's hand, shall float in preference to the flag of our Union "Let us enter into our work with a will and de- 148 AMEKicA's :next war. termination to accomplish great good for our Order, for in its success we contribute much towards the cause of our country. Let us act conscientiously, for there is an hour coming when to us all one whis- per of an approving conscience, one smile of an approving God, will be accounted of more value than a thousand worlds like this; in that hour, my brothers, nothing will be more gratifying than to know that we have been governed and controlled through life by worthy and good principles. "■ Now, in conclusion, my brethren, as I am about to deliver back to you the sacred trust which a few years ago you so generously gave into my keeping, I wish to extend to you and the members genera' ly my sincere and heartfelt thanks for the generous support and assistance given me by the entire Order during my term of office, and bespeak for my suc- cessor the same courtcs}' and kindness. The mis- takes I have made have been errors of the head and not of the heart, and I leave you to-day rejoicing that I have been able to serve you for six years as National President, and can now retire believing that every man in this Order is my friend; and what- ever else you may say of me, I trust that you can all say that I have faithfully and fearlessly discharged my duty as I have been given to see and understand it. To the National Executive Committee and my brothers in office, I will say that you deserve great praise and commendation for your devotion and fidelity to the duties which you have been called FKATERNITY. 149 upon to perform for the last two years. Our Order is now in its infancy, but, like the infant Hercules, is able to strangle the serpent of disloyalty to Ameri- can principles, no matter in what form it may come. Relax not your vigilance for an instant, for Ave must not close our eyes to the fact that there are secret influences at work, right here m our midst, which portend no good to our free institutions. It is our duty as free-born sons to see to it that the courage and wisdom of our forefathers is perpetuated, and that the glad shout of a free people, the anthem of a grand nation, which now, commencing at the Atlantic, is following the sun to the Pacific, across a continent of happy homes, grows stronger and stronger until it re-echoes from pole to pole, and from continent to continent. " Brethren, be brave, be hopeful, lie true. Rest assured that in the long run the right side is the strong side, and no plan can finally succeed which has not justice for its foundation. Let your courage increase as dangers thicken and as difiiculties multi- ply. Be not disheartened by long delays, nor ehited b}' hopes of too easy success. The providence of God rules this world, and, true to him and yourselves, our country may yet become the incarnation of all that is wise and just in human government. "One more feature of our Order remains to be spoken of, and that is fraternity. I only wish I had the power to clothe my thoughts w^ith language so elo- quent and so inspiring as to impress upon the hearts 160 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. of every person within the sound of my voice, the beauty and importance of our fraternal relations. Fraternity, like a band of steel, binds our member- ship together in one grand universal brotherhood. Life bears us on like the stream of a might}' river. Our boat at first glides down the narrow channel, then out upon a wider and deeper flood, amid objects more striking and magnificent, until at last we reach the ocean, and are lost amid its tossing waves. As the stream bears us on, and our joys and our griefs are alike left l)ehind us, how beautiful is it to know that our brethren stand ready with loving hearts and ready hands to help us amid life's tem- pestuous billows ! If a brother happen to make a mistake and fall on life's hiirhway, do not turn against him and leave him to be trampled upon by the cureless throng, but lift him up, encourage him, and throw around him those influences which will sustain and give him strength to again face life's battles. In our dealings with each other let us act conscientiously, for there is an hour comino^ when to us all, one whisper of an approving conscience and one smile of an approving God Avill be accounted of more value than u thousand worlds like this. "Who, when he thinks of this, our native land, of its glorious past, so brief yet so marvelously great; with its history thronging with names that have honored human nature, and have added to the dig:- nity of our common manhood; of its mighty physi- cal resources; of its vast territorial extent; of its p. 0. S. OP A. IN ILLINOIS. 151 sublime present, and the promise of its still more sublime future, but that feels the heart throb with quicker beat; the blood run with swifter course; the feeling of inspiration change his very nature and lift him far above the level of ordinary thought. " 'Great God, we thank Thee for this home, This bounteous birth land of the free; Where wanderers from afar may come, And breathe the air of liberty. " ' Still may her flowers untrampled spring. Her harvests wave, her cities rise; And yet, till time shall fold his wing. Remain Earth's loveliest Paradise." Illinois has great reason for pride in that her sons are awake to their hio;h calling. The following utterances from the reports of W. A. Saunders, Past State President of Illinois, show the growth and pride of this Order in the State: "Less than five years ago there was scarce an American order or an American sentiment in the State; from fourteen members of Washington Camp No. 1, we have grown to eighty camps and 12,000 members; and directly and indirectly from the influence of our Order, the Stars and Stripes float from over 12,000 of our public school buildings; four of our states have made it a statute law that such shall be the case, and nine more have promised to pass this same law in the near future. At the last Conference of Methodists held at Ottawa resolutions were adopted to the efl'ect that the flag should be 152 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. displayed in every one of their churches. Eight or nine American orders, or at least orders advocating American principles, have sprung up and waxed in strength in our midst. Two-thirds of our Protestant ministers stand in their pulpits and preach patriotic sermons Sunday after Sunday. " Where is the person that was present at the ser- vices yesterday who did not leave that church a bet- ter American, aye, a better man or woman ? Grand! Why that is no name for it. Grand! Why, that does not begin to express my feelings and thoughts for our beloved and worthy Chaplain, and I know that no man in all our land to-day has more love for the Patriotic Sons of America than our State Chap- lain, and while life is granted to me will I look up .to that brother as the most noI)lc of all, and I know that I only express the thoughts of the whole Order. "Our elections are fought from an American stand- point in many places, and I believe that the time is not very far distant when every Son of America, and all who believe in civil and religious liberty, who love that flag and our public schools, will be called up to the ballot box to vote, and that vote shall be a vindication of evervthing we hold near and dear to us in this our native land. The power of our Order and the sentiments we represent has caused the eye of every politician who is not in full accord with us to be turned upon us with hatred, and every lover of our soil to look upon us with pride and honor. The leading men of our state have their eyes upon every "SCHOOL HOUSES." 153 move we make, and if we are true to our principles and the obligations we have taken, we shall soon have them in our ranks, working for ' God, our Country, and our Order.' " We stand to-day as high in the estimation of the public as any order in the world, second only to the Church of God. We here in Illinois have started the flag into every school house in our nation, we have made it possible for a city official to hold his position without having a brogue wide as a fog. We to-day Avield more power than any bod}^ of men twice, yea, thrice our number. Shall we stop here '{ No! never. When we see the flag of our country floating from every school house in the land, when we see every boy and girl compelled to learn to read and write, when we see everything that is un- American trampled into the dust, when we see a man before he can cast a ballot be compelled to read it — in fact when we see Americans rule America, then our work will have just commenced. Then will come the work of keeping it unsullied and untarnished, so that when we leave it to generations to come, it will truly be the land of 'the free and the home of the brave.' Who, after the services of last Sunday, can anticipate the future of our Order and our country. See to it that we do our duty; our lesson is before us, and noAV to work. " We have a city ordinance, brothers, saying that the rum holes (some call them sample rooms, some call them saloons) shall be closed at twelve o'clock, 154 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. midnight, and also on the Sabbath. You know, also, that there is a law saying that the gambling hells that infest our city shall be closed. You and I, brothers, have taken an obligation at that altar to defend the constitution and laws of our country. Then be men; be true to your obligations; and let us come out openly and above board, and show that we are with the moral element of our city in this fight to have our laws enforced; and if the powers that be will not enforce the laws, •which they have sworn to do, let us do our duty to God, our country and our Order, and see to it that the powers that be shall be so no longer. I hope that some brother will draw up strong resolutions covering both of these points, and after they are accepted, let them be sent to every daily paper in the city. Let the public know that we are worthy the name P. O. S. of A. "The principles further insist on ever}' member of the Order being actively engaged in such industries as shall develop the resources of our country, and that they shall be national in their reading, in order that they become leaders, educators and defenders of this Republic. But some ask Avhy all who were born on other shores should be excluded; are there not just as true patriots who were born in England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany and other lands ? Yes, and many of them are just as good Americans. But as Americans and desiring fellowship and recogni- tion, they don't have to join the P. O. S. of A. in WORK OP THE P. O. S. OF A 155 order to find a chance to show it, for there arc other orders holding the same principles into which they may enter, and we will meet them on the field and honor them for what they do. "And, gentlemen of the P. O. S. of A., so long as we inculcate principles that enable every American citizen to walk with safety to the polls and have his vote fairly counted, with free speech, free education and the flag of freedom float at the will of all men, East, West, North and South, as the pride of our people, we need not apologize for our existence or the peculiarities of our work. God help us to act at all times with respect for ourselves, and to win God's approval, then shall the nation rejoice and prosperity crown the years as in the days of old." ,-.:r' W. A. SAUNDERS, State Secretary, P. O. S. of A. ,.3-V., -C% - 1^'4— > Mrs. "W. A. SAUNDERS, Past National President op Daughters of America. "Tis she, upon the sapphire flood, Whose charms the world surprise, Whose praises chanted in the wood Are wafted to the skies. "E'en Neptune quits his glassy caves And calls out from afar: So Venus looked when o'er the waves She drove her pearly car. " — Ann Eliza Bleecher, "Not she with traitorous lips the Master stung; Not she denied Him with a liar's tongue. She, when Apostles fled, had power to brave; Last at the cross, and earliest at the grave." — Eaton S. Barrett. (CLVIIl) CHAPTER X. DAUGHTERS OF AMERICA. This organization has already gained National influence, and is to be hailed with joy by all true lovers of American interests, for no one thing has done more toward giving America her position among the nations of the earth than her intelligent, heroic and self-sacrificing women. Their handiwork, deeds of charity and moral influence are seen and felt everywhere. Villages, cities and nations are fixed in history because of the men and women they have furnished the w^orld. What light in Eg3'p- tian civilization most brilliant ? What life most fruitful? Whose deeds most permanent? Moses. Who gave the world this grand hero ? A mightier heroine, who defied the laws of her country, out- witted the executives and preserved the life of her child in view of a chapter in liberty never to be forgotten. Schools and philosophers have given Athens a large place in history; the gardens of Nebuchadnezzar fix Babylon in the thought of the reader forever; the temple and its worship at Jerusa- lem make sacred to memory that city; but the great- (159) 160 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. est events of time out of which eternal interests have sprung, have been graced with the deeds of heroines. It was a woman that anointed the form of our Lord for his burial; she lingered at the cross amid the convulsions of nature after the angels had put away their lamps and the sun refused to shine. She was first at the resurrection and the last to surrender the charter of hope, and is still doing most to decide the morals of the nations of the earth, and her influence is more or less salutary according to the positions awarded her. It would seem as if nature connected our intelligence with her dignity, and we our moral- ity with her virtue. Cast your eyes over the globe and note the two great divisions by drawing a line between the East and the West. One-half of the ancient world remains without progress under a load of barbarous civilization; women there are slaves. The other half advances towards freedom and light; there, women are loved and honored. It is great to have contributed to the progress of civilization in gifts and works. While Charlemagne, the emperor of France, did much in every way for the advancement of his king- dom, his work upon the cathedral in Strasburg with its spire 466 feet in height, so richly decorated with sculpture and that most remarkable astronomical clock, associated with its library of 600,000 volumes, is most lasting in its influence. Ferguson, Palissy, Morse, Newton, Franklin and Edison have each given to the world much that is to live in the ages WOMEN OF OTHER NATIONS. 161 to come. Italy, France, Holland, Germany and Russia have added much to the works of Greece and Rome, and given to the world in scul})ture and painting many works that aid in the develop- ment and culture of men and women. Greece, Rome, Persia, France, England and others, have furnished a few great men, but it re- mains for America to furnish the largest per cent, of intelligent women of all times. Rome gloried in her Cleopatra of Grecian origin, with rare beauty and great accomplishments, but she stood alone as a beacon lio:ht among the women of her age and country. Paula, of Rome, was great in friendship, befriending the king. Joan, the Maid of Orleans, one of the most interesting characters of France during the Middle Ages, was illustrious because of her heroism; a Deborah of old, and a Florence Nightingale of modern times. Elizabeth, Queen of England, was not popular nor a favorite in any sense, but great in .executive ability as a sovereign. Madame de Maintenon, the life of the French Monarchy for more than thirty years during the reign of Louis XIV., rose higher from an humble origin than any woman in history, save perhaps Catherine I , wife of Peter the Great, and yet she did nothing to perpetuate her greatness. She was unselfish, charitable, religious and patriotic, while Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, who succeeded in securing her confidence, was selfish, grasping, ava- ricious and worldly in her aspirations, and both died 162 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. leaving the world about as the}^ found it, while it remained for Abigail Adams, of Massachusetts, to strike the first blow against tyranny and for liberty. When called upon to sign a petition for reconcili- ation, she said: "Nay! let us beseech God Almighty to blast their counsel and bring to naught their devices." And to her, with Deborah Franklin, Elizabeth Martin, Deborah Sampson, Anna Warner, Esther Reed, Elizabeth Steele, Hannah Israel, Elizabeth Lane, Mary Ann Gibbs, Jane and Martha Washington, are we indebted largely for the success in the conflict known as the Revolutionary War; and while they were brave and heroic, their daugh- ters surpassed them in deeds of sacrifice, benevo- lence and ministries during the late rebellion. It remained for Mary Ellet, the mother of Colonel Ellct of the Ram Fleet and Brigadier-General Ellet of the Marine Brigade, while looking into the faces of her dead sons, to say, " They are both gone, and four grandchildren. I do not regret it; had I twenty sons I would gladly give them and go with them rather than our cause should fail." Did space allow I might speak of Mrs. Porter, Breckenridge, Taylor, Johnson, Hancock, Blake, Whittenmeyer, Elliot, Colfax, Hall, Livermore and Barbara Fritchie, and their influence and part in the late war. But there are others who have done as much for the civilization of this hour by the estab- lishment of homes out of wdiich patriots and states- men have api^eared, among whom we mention Mrs. WOMEN OF WEALTH. 163 Adams, Mrs. Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, Grant and Garfield. And there is no greater work for the women of America than that of perpetuating the home and school life wherein the principles that make patriots and statesmen are to be established and fostered, and that woman or body of women w^ho gives to the world a true patriot has done more for her age and generation than an Edison, Angela or Powers. Inasmuch as "a handful of life is more than a bushel of theory," never was a time when women of America could accomplish so much as to-day. First, there are a great many women of wealth; Mrs. Garrett, of Baltimore, is estimated to be worth $12,000,000; Stewart, of New York, $30,000,000; Miss Sarah Hitchcock, $12,000,000; Mrs. Stevens, $6,000,000; Mrs. Pierre, of Tennes- see, $2,000,000; Mrs. Hale, of Maine, $1,000,000. Colorado has three w^omen worth each from two to five millions. Mrs. Hopkins, of Massachusetts, $30,000,000. Again, the women of this age stand upon a level with men in educational interests and privileges. And I rejoice to see their attention turned toward the interests of home and home life. Be careful in your work along this line to place in the home such pictm-es and literature as shall create a love for the home, the flag, the institutions of our land and that purity of character which renders the Eepublic safe. Tenting in this earthly wilderness for a little while, let every home keep singing help- ful, pure, inspiring songs. Music is more than a 164 AMERICA'S >'EXT WAR. refiner. It empowers for usefulness. Ofttimes in hours of gloom and despondency, music has come, as if clothed with omnipotent power and majesty, to snatch victory out of the very jaws of defeat. God bless the noble Order of the "Daughters of America," and prosper their work along these lines. Help them to make American homes so pure and patriotic as to constitute the strongest tie by which the risino- generation shall be held as defenders of the Republic. Thousands go tramping by our doors, unhoused, who ar^e to vote some day. "It is cold, dark, midnight; yet Listen to that patter of little feet. Is it one of your dogs, fair lady, Who whines in the cold, bleak street? Is it one of your silken spaniels?" ''No! "My dogs sleep warm in their baskets, Safe from the darkness and snow; All the beasts in this, our Christian land. Find pity wherever they go — (Those are only the homeless children Who are wandering to and fro,) "Look out in the gusty darkness — I have seen it again and again, That shadow that flits so slowly Up and dowu pist the window pane; It is surely some criminal lurking Out there in the frozen rain. "Nay, our criminals are all sheltered, They are pitied, and taught, and fed; This is only a sister-woman MORASS. 165 That has neither food nor bed; And the night cries 'Sin to be living,' And the river cries 'Sin to be dead.' "Our beasts and our thieves and our chattels, Have weight for good or for ill; But the poor have only His image, His presence, His word and His will; And so Lazarus lies at our doorsteps, And Dives neglects him still." I would not raise the cry of a pessimist, but ask one legitimate question. What is to save the nation from the surging tides now sweeping over us from saloon and club house lives ? Nothing can do more than the establishment and maintenance of pure homes. Near a large village in Europe is a beautiful gar- den, in which grows all kinds of fruit and flowers. I am told that it was once a lone morass, sending forth poison and death; but skilled hands have turned aside the stream of poison, and washed the meadows with pure w^ater from the spring in the mountains; and now, cleansed, the seed is bringing forth sweetest flowers and richest fruits. So we must turn aside the streams of sorrow and sin, and bring in the sunbeams of gladness. Then shall we have joy and purity. Sunbeams never die; they may be gathered up and buried in the cold, bleak mines, but set the mine on fire and at once they re- ap})car. The light of our city to-night is from the sunbeams of other days. Listen to that street song: 166 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. "Does some one repeat ray name over, And sigh that I tarry so long? And is there a chord in the music That's missed when my voice is away? And a chord in each heart that awaketh Regret at my wearisome stay? ■ Regret at my wearisome stay? "Do they set me a chair near the table When evening's home pleasures are nigh, When the candles are lit in the parlor, And the stars in the calm, azure sky? And when the 'goodnights' are repeated. And all lay them down to their sleep, Do they think of the absent, and waft me A whispered goodnight while they weep? A whispered goodnight while they weep? ' Do they miss me at home, do they miss me At morning, at noon or at night? And lingers one gloomy shade round them That only 7ny presence can light? Are joys less invitingly welcome. And pleasures less hale than before, Because one is missed from t ae circle. Because I am with them no more? Because I am with them, no m'//e? ''Secondly, I rejoice in the purpose as set forth in the Constitution: "The aim of this Order is to make it a strons; auxiliary of the Patriotic Order Sons of America, also a perfect ladies' and gentlemen's Order, where the soci'dl virtues may be cultivated and where all issues, cither local or national, may be properly dis- cussed and understood. PREAMBLE OF THE ORDER. 16 X " Our objects are, the inculciition of pure Ameri- can principles and reverence for American institu- tions; the education of the people, particularly tiie ladies, to the full appreciation of our country's great- ness and power; but especially the guarding, })ro- tecting and elevating of the public school S3'Stem of America. Its immediate benefits are, the placing of woman in a position where she can readily' see the dangers of the hour and her duty toward her native land; the protection and assistance of all connected with it, who may be in need; the care of its sick and the improvement of the social virtues. •' Our constitution is plain and easily understood, contradictins; none but sustaining all of the consti- tutional laws of our country." PREAMBLE OF THE ORDER. '•"Whereas, The experience of all ages and all countries distinctly showeth that popular liberty, born amid the din of battle, baptized in patriotic blood and rocked by the rude storms of civil strife, demands for its preservation against the rage of party spirit, the wiles of ambition, and the stern arm of power, the undivided love of all its votaries and the tirm determination of ail its friends, in an eter- nal strucfcrle with all its foes; and " "Whereas, The history of the world most plainly proves that it is the business of one genera- tion to sow the seed of which another reaps the harvest, be it the grain or tares, of good or evil; 168 AMERICAS NEXT WAR. "Now, therefore, we, the undersigned, Sons and Daughters of America, children of its soil, reared beneath the shadow of its flag, loving it as none others can love, knowing it as none others can know, and having an interest in its welfare, nearer, truer, deeper than all mankind beside, do hereby associate ourselves into an Order for the purpose of maturing ourselves in the knowledge and encouraginof each other in the practice of our rights and duties as citi- zens of a country in which we as Americans have the first privilege. In which association we severally pledge ourselves to the observation and support of the laws and regulations of this body, as l)ecomes the Sons and Daushters of Freemen, willins: to sub- mit to the claims of social order, and acknowledge no other bonds Init those of dutv to our God, our coun- try and ourselves." PLATFORM OF PRINCIPLES. "Next to love for the Creator, we believe that patriotism is the highest and noblest aflection of the human soul. We believe that the institutions of no country are safe without patriotic men and women, and that none will so jealously guard and protect them as those who are born and reared under their influence. We l)elieve that Ave have the best form of government for the masses on the face of the earth. "For the welfare, prosperity and liberty of all American citizens and their descendants, we desire to A DUAL LIFE. 169 protect our form of government and preserve it in- tact from the influence and control of any foreign poAver by disseminating sentiments of loyalty and patriotism, by establishing a fraternal feeling of de- votion to country amongst all Americans. We hope to make it impossible for any person to live under the protection of the Stars and Stripes who does not honor and revere our flag, and Avho will not be willing to give up life for it if circumstances demand it. "We all lead a dual life, a home and a national life. Women owe certain duties to the State, for it prom- ises protection in the home. We cluster them in one word — ^patriotism,'' which means love of country, a working devotion to the country's inter- ests. Its root is the latin word, jya^ria/ the Teu- tonic and Anglo-Saxon races put it as ' love for the fatherland.' This, we hold, means more than love of the soil on which our home is builded. We do not carry soil with us from Maine to California to be buried in, as Dom Pedro, who transferred Brazil- ian earth for his burial in Paris in 1892. No; with us patriotism means devotion to the interests and principles of our home land, and a loyalty to her institutions that command service and sacrifice at all times. '' Such devotion will not wane in times of adversity; it is not the child of physical well-being. Nay, it is the gift of God to all, and disappears only when perverted or suflered to die. 170 AMERICA'S >-EXr WAR. No class of men or women love the country and the flag so much as those who suffered for them. The soldiers of the war, and the wives who w^atched and waited, and the children born under those cir- cumstances, these men, women and children are to-day awake to the nation's call as none other. And often the more rigid the climate, rough though the life, flinty the soil, the more ardent the love. What of the Irish peasant, the Swiss in his narrow valley or on the steep mountain side, the Scottish Highlanders, and the Esquimaux ? Where do you find evidence of stronger love for native land? You may do much to increase this spirit in the young hearts of this generation by encouraging a more general observance and celebration of national holi- days and memorials. No country on the face of the earth needs this order of service more, for the citizens who .are fur- nishing the great per cent, of the children are from other lands and are not in possession of the expe- riences and facts that qualify men and women to impress the children with the greatness and glory of American men and interests. The "Daughters of America'' can make these memorials most instructive and impressive. They should be so attractive to the young as to be hailed with unspeakable joy. And care should be exer- cised in collecting such speakers and directors as will have a correct knowledge of our history and THE OLD PARTIES. 171 awaken an admiration for our institutions. The next generation will show the fruit of this organiza- tion and their teaching. Other patriotic organizations are legion. Among the most aggressive is that of the A. P. A., an organized body about which little is known save to those who dwell in her folds and share in her con- flicts. Their work is felt more largely in political circles and among officials. They find it more and more difiicult to make their appointments or secure their own election Avithout consulting the wishes of this Order. The old parties in many of the Western cities find it expedient to present men whose principles arc knoAvn to be American; especially when these elec- tions are to give men influence in connection with our educational interests. The Junior Order of American Mechanics holds precisely the same principles held by the P. O. S. of A. Their camps and councils are made up of live, earnest patriots who believe in the institutions of our land, and mean to do their part in scattering such literature as shall keep the people informed on all questions affecting the body politic. They pub- lish a magazine devoted exclusively to the good of their Order, with headquarters in Philadelphia. The National Union is a strons: bodv, but more conservative and careful of their movements; never- theless true to the demands of the hour. There are more than one hundred organizations 172 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. in this country devoted to other interests who hold to patriotic principles. Should an attack be made on our institutions, they would step forth and full into line by the thousands and hundreds of thou- sands. The ^reat fraternal compacts have no sym- pathy with the claims or movements of Rome. They see in the plan of Bishop Ireland and sanctioned by the Pope, an entering wedge, which, if accepted by the supervisors, means to get control of the educa- tional interests, capture the children, and then take America for Romanism. The acknowledgment of the State's right to edu- cate her citizens will enlist many of our indifferent Americans, and give to the scheme a momentum we cannot afford. Many of the leaders in these patri- otic associations have heard the sound and are awake to the purpose of the Roman leaders. The Roman- ists have always planned to interfere with our insti- tutions and have again and again manifested their hatred of our schools, which they denominate godless. Why, then, their professions of love ? Is it not a flank movement in view of ofaininsr a better hold ? Does it look reasonable ? Why should they wish to strengthen an institution that is opening the eyes of the boys and girls to the fallacies of their institutions ? Nay. If Rome can gain its end by a friendly attitude she will assume it; if an aggressive stand is necessary, she will take that. Let every patriot stand by the schools as they are, and demand that they teach the English language and no other. Mrs. H. W. BOLTON". Mrs. GEO. P. SMITH. National President of Daughters of America. CHAPTER XL DAUGHTERS OF AMERICA. By Mks. Geo. P. Smith, National President. This patriotic Order was first organized through the earnest efforts of Mr. A. B. Case, Mr. W. A. Saunders and Mr. Kimball at 25 Washington street, Chicago, 111., July 21, 1891, by fifty-two loyal, patri- otic ladies and gentlemen, and was known as Martha Washington Camp No. 1. Its first set of officers, led by Mrs. May, President; Mrs. Helen Sherman, Vice Presdent; Mrs. A. B. Case, Secretary, and Mrs. W. A. Saunders, Treasurer, were enthusiastic and effi- cient. Four months after. No. 2 was organized by No. 1, and was quickly followed by Nos. 3 and 4, at which time it became evident that the Order was destined to become very popular not only in the state of Illinois but in other states as well, as many in- quiries had come in from difi'crent parts of the Union ; but before Camps could be established outside of the city of Chicago it was necessary to form a supreme head for the Order. In accordance with this conclu- sion, the National Camp of the Patriotic Order Daughters of America was incorporated and organ- (177) 178 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. ized April 19, 1891, with Mrs. W. A. Saunders, Past National President; Mrs. Geo. P. Smith, Na- tional President; Mrs. J. M. Grayam, National Vice- President; Mrs. A. B. Case, National Treasurer; and Mrs. Chas. Conn, National Secretary. When, with sails fully spread, and ladened with a cargo of new rituals, constitution, etc. , the ship of the Order started out upon its voyage, carrying glad tidings to the ladies of this fair land. Under the supervision and advice of the National Camp, Camps were rapidly organized in Colorado, Montana, West Virginia, Utah, Pennsylvania, Iowa and Indiana, w^hile in Illinois the Order has increased so rapidly that the Illinois State Camp Patriotic Order Daughters of America was organized with Mrs. A. E. Amos, State President, and Mrs. J. B. Eichey, State Secretary. The time has gone by — yes, the wonderful march of progress has forever left behind the necessity for apologizing for an organization that is managed and controlled by w^omen. From the centre of the home circle w^oman sends forth an influence either for good or evil in com parison with which the influence of heroes, legisla- tors and statesmen sinks into insignificance. She does not occupy the throne of popular government it is true, but yet she wields a power greater than the throne itself and w^ithout which it must crumble into dust and ashes. The glory of this Nation and the glory of all nations depends WOMAN'S INFLUENCE. 179 on the ministry of woman, on the patriotism of mothers, wives, daughters and sisters. This is the reason that the Patriotic Daughters of Amer- ica have sprung into existence. They have heard their country's call and have responded with glad and willing hearts. They would have woman ac- corded all the rights and privileges that belong to her in this great drama of life; and in order that woman may become educated in lessons of political economy, and that she may become a powerful fac- tor for good in the management of this republican government, they are banded together in the Order of the Patriotic Daughters. They do not intend to revolutionize the world by any great political move- ment, nor do they intend to usurp the powers of man, but they do intend to make the women of this fair land loyal, patriotic mothers, and to give them the right to stand side by side and shoulder to shoulder with their brothers, and by their gentle influence and powerful intellect help control the destinies of the grandest and noblest country the sun ever shone upon; and as mankind shall sing the grand chorus, "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," womankind shall join the glad refrain "Sweet Land of Liberty," until it shall go rolling and swelling through the trees, over the hills and valleys, and echoing from the frozen seas on the north to the sunny coast on the south, and shall come echoing back from the rugged hills of old New England on the east, to the beautiful gates of the calm and beneficent Pacific on the west. CHAPTER XII. HOMES. Our country's future is to be influenced more largely by the home life of her people than any one institution on her shores. As an institution, home has a stronger hold on American thought than all others to-duy. There is no place so sacred, no water so sweet, no friendship so pure as that which is as- sociated in the mind with home. As patriots it be- cometh us to look after this institution; to elect men who will defend its interests, preserve its purity, and make them training-schools for defenders of our in- heritance. To our fathers, homes were more than places of resort. They were Edenic altars, from which they gazed up into heaven, to see Him who came with His angels to hang out the stars and put up the sun and moon for their comfort. They felt that angels swept the garden dews, and gave the morning note. Oh, for one general epidemic of homesickness, that this subject might be more fully appreciated ! For homes measure the nation's strength; and he or she who doeth most for homes, does most for the nation and posterity. (183) 18-J- AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. To give a child a moral bent, such as will ripen and mature in chastity, virtue and honor, is the nol)lest work of men or angels. This our mothers did; and I am sometimes led to ask if the daughters, with ballot and speech, will do more than their mothers with Bible and song. To-day, the children of this age can be moved by any question that takes hold of the purity and chas- tity of home; and an army could be raised to war against the evils threatening the homes of America quicker, and at less expense, than for any other pur- pose. This question lives in all American hearts. Homes, with our fathers, were institutions of learning, out of which came men and women skilled in all the practical sciences of the age. They had been taught by one who was cook, nurse, teacher, trainer and guide; an A. M. who could till the child with real conviction. Now, every department has its head; for the social compacts claim the mothers attention. Home is the place of reception, to-day; a sleeping and dressing hall; while rinks, balls, operas, theaters and festivals claim time and energy. The children are strangers to father, and see little of mother. The old-time home is exchanijed for hotel life and the cafe. The time, once filled with home interests, is now too often given to the attention of other men, who have no home; and the most sacred covenants are dis- solved in jealousies, and families are scattered in ruin. HOW SHALL WE ESCAPE 'i 185 Every mail brings to our notice some horrible account of apostasy, elopement and suicide, with detailed account of procedure. I would not take a pessimistic view of life; but I want to ask one legitimate question: What is to save the land from the surging tides of influence now sweeping over our homes from saloon and club-house? How shall we escape from this sad condition? Some say, by giving all the facts to the people, and our journalists seem bent on this line; but I question the propriety of feeding the surging multi- tude with this kind of matter; and certainly there is danger in educating the vicious in the tricks and plots of robbers, murderers and adulterers, if it is true that all men build their fire out of the material in hand, and think the thoughts suggested by their surroundings. There is danger in tilling the mind with detailed accounts of murders, suicides, embez- zlements and elopements. There are others who seem to think that boys must sow their "wild oats,'' before they can enter a life of usefulness; but my observation has taught me that he w^ho sows wild oats will rea^ wild oats; and Christians make a serious mistake when they give their boys to the society of the saloon and loafers' corner, dance or theatre, and depend upon a revival of religion to make them chaste, pure and holy. Reforms do not reform them; revivals do not save them. Holland is right. There is but one way to rid ourselves of rascals, and that is, to stop raising ISO AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. them. We have imprisoned them, fined them, hanged them. We have tried to reform them; blessed and cursed tliem; and still the stock is not diminished. One dies; two take his place. Our only hope is in the purity of the homes, where char- acter is shaped, directed and matured. First, then, let the people build houses, and live in them. It is generally conceded that the ownership of real estate, particularly of a home, is requisite to a full appreciation of the responsibilities of citizenship. For this reason, it is a matter of no small moment that what are known as buildinsj and loan associa- tions have been attended by very gratifying results in the East. In Pennsylvania there are eighteen hundred of them, fully three hundred being now in active operation in Philadelphia. The principle of these associations is quite simple. A number of per- sons organize an association, primarily for the pur- pose of saving money, and agree to pay into the general fund every month a certain amount. When this fund, which is greatly increased hy making safe loans at hish interest to those desirinof to build houses, and by premiums and fines, reaches a given sum, it is distributed, under certain conditions, to the members according to the number of shares they possess. As a rule, business men of acknowledged ability and honesty are at the head of these institu- tions; and it is the rarest thing for them to collapse through mismanagement or rascality. HOMEBUILDING. ■ 187 The direct benefit of such associations is two-fold. They hold out a strong inducement to people to save money, taking good care of it, and making larger returns for its use than could be obtained in almost any other legitimate way. But what is of much greater importance, it gives them the opportunity to secure, on easy terms, homes of their own. It i& probable that the many thousands of houses which have been built through these associations represent nearly that number of distinct owmers, who could not, or would not, have become such, had it not been for the help they received from these associations. Estimating that each of these houses is occupied by a family of three, which is below the average, over one million persons have thus been helped to homes. And, while they have been benefited in this way, a much larger number have been trained to save money. This is what has already been accom- plished; and these associations are still operating. Their influence upon the country is beyond all esti- mate. They are producing a large and- groAving class of conservative tradesmen and artisans; they are conducing to thrift and economy; they are exalting family life by making the ideal home possible; they are holding out a new purpose to men; they are in- directly working against the saloon, dishonesty, and those habits and vices that lessen the chances of business success; and they are putting men in such re- lation to society, that they cannot easily be influenced by the doctrines of the socialists and anarchists. 188 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. The results that have been accomplished in Phila- delphia in this respect, ought to multiply in every city and town in the United States. The need of such associations, already great, is continually be- coming greater. Every year thousands of immi- grants come to this country ; the cities are becom- ing overcrowded; the tendency of wages is toward the European level; the socialists are busy in sowing discontent among the laboring classes, and the strife between capital and labor has not reached a point where a speedy and happy adjustment may be ex- pected. In this condition of things the building associa- tions can be made a great and conservative factor in social questions. They should be generally encour- aged, and every man who establishes one on a firm and honest basis is a benefactor to the community in which he lives. Secondly: Let the people marry, in view of home-making. I have no sympathy with the idea of single bless- . edness, or late marriage. An early marriage, and a happy life, have led me to advocate early, and uni- versal marriages. But the divorce laws of this a^e have so robbed this service of its significance, that marriage is fast becoming a thing of probation. Many get married on trial, with the settled convic- tion that if they don't like it, they can get a divorce, and return to the glory of single blessedness. Marriage implies too much that is sacred in its UNFITNESS. 18D designs, too intimate in its relations, for any one to embrace it without thought. It is the most sol- emn and sacred work of life to court, in view of marriage. Be careful, young man, when love first moves toward a fair-faced maid. Life is too real, to be lost in fading beauties. The gay romp, boisterous and coquettish, may fill the eye, and tempt the fancy. But does she fill the mind and heart? Is there substantial worth in character? Has she high and elevating motives, with moulding thoughts ? Care here will save many to happiness and peace; but the haste with which this solemn contract is entered into to-day, surpasses even the Chinese custom of other days. The Chinaman never sees his bride until the day of marriage, when she i% brought in a chair, veiled, and locked in her sedan. Then a key is given to the bridegroom, and he un- locks the chair, lifts the veil and looks into the face of his treasure; and yet he knows more than one-half of the men of this day, as to the real character and fitness of the person, for he has been waiting, and in thought, studying, the person whom he now takes as his bride. With us, "Maidens, like moths, are ever caught by glare; And mammon finds his way where seraphs might despair." fSuch maidens forget to respect themselves. They will be seen leaning upon a man's arm, while he blows the poison of a two-cent cigar into their faces. They will find an excuse for the stumbling step of 190 AMERICAS >'EXT WAR. an escort who went to the saloon before the evening walk. They pound pianos, with no regard to time or harmony, while mother is at work. Such girls will never be ladies; for the first mean- ing of that w^ord is "bread-maker." They will marry at sight. A young woman writes to a friend, from their new home: "Aunt, I think I shall enjoy my hus- band, after I get acquainted with him." But many young men are as unfit for the honor of marriage as many young ladies are. An idler from choice never ought to be permitted to think of matrimony; for the proverb is true: "Idle men are the devil's tools." They must always be the object of another's spite. Their misfortunes will be the result of another's injury. They will excuse themselves upon the ground that others are worse. They fall into unfortunate circumstances, with no power to break the chain, and soon become the pets of charity's sunshine. LrJidies, if you marry such men, you will find a chance to be slaves, rather than helpmeets. Beware of intemperate men — lovers of wine and tobacco; for one vice will tend to brutality, and the other to imbecility. I solemnly wish that it was an impossibihty for • an intemperate man or "vvoman ever to enter the sacred precincts of married life. I say this after years in the pastorate. Marriage is the mother of worlds, the preserver of UOMELIFE. 1(_»1 kingdoms. It is to fill cities, churches and eternities. Such responsibilities are not to be entered upon thoughtlessly, as pleasure-seekers sing of: "Happy morn, clad in the beauty of a thousand stars," but with a just appreciation of responsibilities, to be worn gracefully, in view of honors conferred. I wish it might become the law of this land, that once married, should mean, always married. That, as Spurgeon put it: "If we catch a Tartar, we were obliofcd to take a dose of tartaric acid. " Then there would be no feeling like that expressed by a young man to his friend, after six months of married life: "Well, John, how about the treasure you took six months ago ? " "Ah," said John, "I wish I could lay my treasure up in heaven, for a rest." There need be no such feeling. A little good sense, with patience, will bring the most uncongenial into the most heavenly unison. Like the meeting of two rivers, there may be strife and confusion; and it may seem as if these two could never live together; and there is less hope if they have taken their ideas from the sickening trash written on these lines. But .let patience do her per- fect work; and let it be understood that there is no release, and they will soon move on in strength and harmony, without a trace of strife, like yonder ma- jestic river. The most expensive and elegant homes of our city are not always the most pleasant. I have in mind some homes where the very atmosphere is laden 192 AMERICAS NEXT WAR. with "welcome — whose courtesies cliscarm critici.sni, and debar the slanderer — homes born in self-forget fulness and charity, where wounded spirits never sleep in tears of regret. If we would have such homes, we must turn aside all that belittles and destroys, and bring in all that will elevate and ennoble. Near a large village in Europe is a beautiful gar- den, in which grow all kinds of fruits and flowers. I am told that it was once a lone morass, sending forth poison and death; but skilled hands have turned aside the stream of poison, and washed the meadows with pure water from the spring in the mountains; and now cleansed, the seed is bringing forth sweetest flowers, with richest fruits. So we must turn aside the streams of sorrow and sin, and bring in the sunbeams of gladness. Then shall we have joy and purity. Sunbeams never die; they may be gathered up and buried in the cold, black mines; but set the mine on fire, and at once they reappear. The light of our city to-night is from the sunbeams of other days. But if you want to bring a cloud over the home that no sun can penetrate, find fault with your wife in public. Try hard to keep the house untidy. Always have the last word yourself. Never allow her to think her soul is her own. Never give in, even if you know you are wrong. Quarrel with her one day, and humor her the next. Never lend a helping hand in her work, when you know she is BEAUTY. 193 sick. Never oflfer to stay with the children, so that she can walk out with a friend. Vow vengeance on all her female friends, and insult all her male friends. Pay no attention to the household needs; then scold because the butcher's and grocer's bills are so large. Tell her as plainly as possible you married her to help you get a living. Find fault before you know the circumstances of any case. Ladies, if you want to destroy the love your hus- band has for home, never have meals ready in time. Run bills without his knowledge. Let him sew the buttons on his shirts himself. A celebrated humor- ist has well said that, ' 'Man can get along without a shirt; but to have a button off is unendurable." Tell him that the children inherit all their mean traits of character from his side of the house. Let it out sometimes, when you are vexed, that you wish you had married some other fellow ' 'that you used to go with," and the chances are that he will wish the same. A man has an eye for beauty in his wife. He notices the soft wave of her hair, and tit of her dress, with a sort of pleasurable pride, even after time and trials have dimmed the glamour of first love. The successful wife must represent to her husband all the virtues; must be sympathetic, and at the same time sensible. She must be bright, entertaining, and agreeable, at home as well as abroad; and she must know how to preserve silence, when it is desir- able to hold her tongue, even though she is ready to 194 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. burst with indignation. If she does not possess these qualities, let her cultivate them most assidu- ously. And there is no trait that is such a powerful factor in household harmony as assimilation — to be- come one in thought and purpose, to have kindred wishes. The theory of the affinity of opposites was hopelessly exploded long ago. We are often shocked by what appears to be a sudden development of evil, appearing in brutal tragedy; but invariably it is traceable to the reading of pernicious literature, until the thought is fired with dangerous adventures, and goes forth to ex- periment. The cry of tho age is for something thrilling, something brilliant. Often brilhancy is the price of wealth. In 1812 a ship was set on fire on the Niag. ara, and the moorings cut. As it floated down the river, it was a grand picture. It was brilliant to the spectators, but it meant ruin to the owners. So this efibrt to thrill with brilliant stories is often at the expense of that thought which makes charac- ter; and attending angels weep over genius on fire with passion, for the amusement of simple minds. "Vice is a monster of so frightful mien, As to be hated needs but to be seen; But seen too oft, familiar with her face. We first endure, then pity, then embrace." Be careful in the selection of your libraries. In this age the humblest home may bring all into communion with the heart of Carvosso, thoughts of WINE. 195 Newton, and power of Napoleon. The child may learn to reason with Choatc, minister with a Bell, or a Butler; sing with a Watts, pray with a Payson and organize with a Wesley. To-day, books are within reach of the humblest poor; and he who says he has no time to read, sim- ply says: "1 have no disposition to read, no taste for reading." Remember, it is the full mind that is al)le to bless. The track over which the western trains g;o east, laden with wheat, is rich in green, ever-grow- ing grain; whil the track by its side, over which empty trains pass, on their return, is as barren as the house floor. So with filled and empty minds. Full minds bless. Thinking minds make ready men and wo- men. Govern the conversation of home, and you may train the boys and girls to use what they know. Be careful what you bring into the home. At a late convention, held in Boston, the wine question was freely discussed; and one clergyman advocated a moderate use of the lighter drinks as the only safe course; whereupon an old man arose and said: "I am ]ust from the grave of my son, who fell into the awful curse of intemperance; but, after years, he reformed, and made glad my heart. He was devout and earnest; but one evening, at the table of a clergyman, he accepted wine, drank, and died with delirium tremens, and rests in a drunk- 196 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. ard's grave; and that clergyman was the gentleman who has just now advocated moderate drinking." Be careful what you bring into the home. Next, I would fill the home with music — music that can never be destroyed. Tenting in this earthly wilderness for a little while, let every home keep singing helpful, pure, inspiring songs. Music is more than a refiner; it empowers for use- fulness. Oft-times, in hours of gloom and despond- ency, music has come, as if clothed with omnipotent power and majesty, to snatch victory out of the very jaws of defeat. "Hail, heaven-born music; by thy power we raise The uplifted soul, to acts of highest praise. Oh! I would die, with music melting round, And float to bliss upon a sea of sound." I dare not close without a word about the Friend of all homes. A mother, writing on a blackboard Paul's won- derful text, wrote: "This is a faithful saying, and ^^orthy of all acceptation, that Christ came into the world to save sinners, of whom 1 am chief." "Mother," said the child, "you have left Jesus out." Too many homes of culture and refinement are leaving Jesus out; you had better leave all else out. There is an old legend of the White Hand. There was a king who gloried, not in pomp or power, but in deeds of love. He scattered gifts for the poor. A FABLE. 197 One day a bishop seized his hand and blessed it, say- ing: "May this fair hand, this bounteous hand, never grow old." That king was slain in battle; and, as the custom was, his limbs were taken off and exposed to public gaze; and long after all the rest had perished, that hand remained unchanged, pointing upward toward heaven. Jesus is to every home that hand; constantly min- istering in unselfish devotion, and will remain, pure and white, in the heaven of glory, after earthly honors have faded, and crowns and jewels are per. ished. There is another old picture, in which mother ap- pears asleep at the wheel, while angels come to fan her brow, cool the weary head, and gather up the half-finished work, to complete it. Old, yet true to the faithful ones, what we cannot do, angels, who are our ministers, will finish. The angel who came when Peter, John and James slept, will come when weariness overcomes. Yet another fable, of an old monk, who had care of the poor, and went at given times to feed them. While at prayer, his cell was lighted, and the Saviour appeared. In silent bliss, the old man gazed on his Lord. When the bell rang, calling him to his duty, he immediately went to his humble work. When he returned, he found his Lord had tarried, and said to him: "Hadst thou remained, I should have fled." Don't leave Jesus out of the home. / /* X s'QS ■,A-^-. JEFFERSON. OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS The principle of education is also a law of history. Henki Fkedeeio Abniel. "The suns of forty winters cold, And forty summers warm, And many a calm and pleasant day, And many a beating storm, Have fallen on the old school-house Since first I op'd its door, And from the teacher to my seat I trod the foot-worn floor." NOTLEY AnDEESON. (Mr. Anderson now occupies the building in which the first Public School of Washington, D. C, was organized in 1804. Thomas Jefferson was President of the School Board. ) (CO) CHAPTER XIII. OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The public schools of this land constitute the stom- ach of the body politic. If they be kept in ^ood condition and directed by true patriots the body will have a prosperous growth, and remain in a healthy condition. For it matters little in this busy age what the nationality, where the place of sleeping, eating and dressing; so long as the child is kept in school nine hours per day, five days per week, forty weeks per year, for sixteen or twenty years, he will become imbued with a love for his country, its flag, constitution and men, such as will make him a true defender of her interests in times of danger. Our danger, then, is not from the anarchists, boodlers, hoodlums and bomb-throwers, but from the great horde of uneducated children, whose parents think more of the paltry dollar they can earn, or the love of power coming through them as a direct revenue of ignorance and superstition. According to the best tabulated figures, four-fifths of our criminals are uneducated, and it costs the state $110 each per year to ma'>^%in her criminals in the penitentiary (201) 202 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. (say nothing of the cost of getting them there). While $29.40 is the average cost of graduating a boy or a girl from the grammar school in Our cities. Now, with this showing the fight is on, and there IS a large per cent, of America's citizens who are determined to break our system of education — for what? Simply because it is recognized as the chief corner stone of American liberty; simply because the mill- ions now in our schools with the text-books and trend of patriotic sentiment is opening the eyes of millions to the right of men to think, pray and act for themselves. The following paragraphs from well-known men will shoAV my readers just what I mean: Dr. Murray, the Roman Bishop of Maitland, Aus- tralia, recently visited this country, and on his re- turn home delivered a lecture in Launceston, Tas- mania, March 16, 1890, which was reported in the Colonist of that town, in which he said that the Eoman population of the United States had been estimated at 12,000,000, some even holding it to be 20,000,000. He said Cardinal Gibbons bad given the number at 9,000,000. He would go between the lines and say that they numbered 10.000,000. He added that the statement made several years ago that 7,000,000 of the Irish exile Romanists had fallen away from the church in America had been verified, and during his visit to the country he m.ade enquir- ies which led him to believe that the prc/oabl'^ uum- ROMANISM IN CANADA. 203 ber was 10,000,000. The Bishop, like his American confreres, blames the public schools for this loss, and says: "It is a mistaken idea that the faith of the Irish Romanists will stand all through a course of secular education." As in France, Italy and Spain, the intelligent Romanists in the United States are losing faith in the doctrines of Rome; they cannot believe in the childish superstitions of their parents; nor will they accept dictation from Rome in political and religious matters, except in so far as the politics of Rome will benefit them, by enabling them to ob- tain municipal office and government employment. ROMANISM IN CANADA. "Ottawa,Ont., Sept. 24. — The Governor-General has received one of the strongest petitions ever sent to the government to veto the anti-French bill, which abolishes French language and French schools in Manitoba. The petition was accompanied by a strong remonstrance by Archbishop Tache, signed by 4,500 of the most prominent French in the North- west, and backed by the whole power of the Roman hierarchy and at least four of the most aggressive members of Sir John's cabinet." This shows clearly the feeling entertained by those men who love power more than they love liberty. Yet they know not what they strike when once the arm is lifted, for three thousand within the pale of Romanism who are the graduates of our school system and who have been lifted into positions of trust and honor by this sys- 204 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. tern, will never submit to tlieir children falling back into the servitude and oppression ignorance is heir to. Some of the best advocates for compul- sory and state schools as in contrast with denomina- tional and parochial schools, are found among Romanists. Rome sees this and has threatened the parents who refuse to take their children out of our schools. In the name and interest of America we demand that the schools remain intact, and all our children be educated in the language of America. What has Romanism ever done for the people under her power? In Protestant countries like ours, there has grown up a strong sentiment in favor of educa- tion, yet we know that Rome has never favored the education of the masses; and out of her atti- tude toward them has grown the familiar proverb: "Ignorance is the mother of devotion." If any one doubts this statement, let him become familiar with Italy, where 73 per cent, of the population is illiter- ate; or Spain, where we find SO per cent. ; or Mexico, where 93 per cent, is held in ignorance. The peril is increased by the tendency to crowd into cities, for these cities are the nerve-centres of civilization. The fact, therefore, that they are growing much more rapidly than the whole population is full of signifi- cance. In 1790, 1-13 of the population of the United States lived in cities of 8,000 inhabitants and over. Now 60 principal cities contain a very large percent, of our population. It is perfectly natural for for- eigners to compare their institutions with ours, and X LANGUAGES. 205 to talk of their advantages over ours until the chil- dren come to feel little or no respect for ours. And so long as the languages are taught, just so long will the traditions of the kingdom with their ideas of caste, blood and nobility be perpetuated. Why should the state teach other languages than hat in which her constitution and laws are written, her business transacted? We certainly are old enough, large enough, wealthy and intelligent enough to say what the language of this land should be, and that no other language shall be taught at the expense of the state. Let the world know that Americans be- lieve in teaching the English language. When Shakespeare and Milton wrote, but six millions of people spoke English, and one hundred years ago English was spoken by not more than 15,- 000,000 or 16,000,000. At that time French was spoken by 30,000,000, and German by 40,000,000. This is entirely reversed now. English is spoken by more than 107,000,000 of the world's popula- tion, distributed as follows: British Islands, 37,- 000,000; 60,000,000 of the 65,000,000 in the United States; 4,000,000 in Canada; 3,000,000 in Aus- tralia; 1,700,000 in the West Indies, and 1,000,- 000 in India and other colonies. The Anglo-Saxon tongue and race has done noble work for humanity, and will do more. Its work is not complete. It is to unify, utilize, Americanize and Christianize the whole earth. But, it is charged that the whole system of pubKc 206 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. schools is in spirit coercive, and they say, I object to coercion in matters of education. What is this but the old cry of selfishness seen in State-rights, individual rights, in opposition to State and National rights ! There should be no public libraries main- tained by public moneys, because my family don't want to patronize it ! I should not be compelled to pay for anything / don't want ! Let those who want public parks, libraries, and schools pay for them ! Yes; but, sir, is not education essential to good citizenship ? and is not good citizenship essen- tial to safety, peace and prosperity of society which you choose, and to which you look for protection ? If the city should vote that no citizen should take a book from any other library than the public, that would be coercion, and interference with man's rights as a citizen: or if a church should vote that no member of its body should take or read any book other than those furnished them by the church, that would be coercion; and should that church undertake to enforce its rule b}' threats, fines and expulsions, such as would break up the home-life of the ofienders, then the State would have a right to silence them and restore the privileges to her citizen. Now, mark — the public school system does not say that children shall not attend other schools, she does not forbid her attendants studying any book in public circulation. But the Roman authorities do say their children shall not read the Bible, and that parents shall for- COUNSEL OF BISHOP GILMOUR. 207 bid their cliildren attending any school other than that provided by the Roman church, at the peril of having the sacrament and absohition denied them. How does this tally with all the talk we hear about parental authority and family freedom in mat- ters of education ^ In his Lenten Pastoral of 1873, which was chiefly devoted to this subject, and which raised very much of a storm at the time, Bishop Gilmour said: " It is our most solemn injunction and most posi- tive command that every church in the diocese have its school. Where a congregation can not at once build both church and school, let them build the school-house, and wait for the church. . . . We solemnly charge and most positively require every Catholic in the diocese to support and send his chil- dren to a Catholic school, where good Catholic schools exist and where it can be honestly said a child will get a fair common school education. If parents, either through contempt for the priest or disregard for the laws of the church or for trifling and insuflicient reasons, refuse to send their children to a Catholic school, then in such cases, but in such cases only, we authorize confessors to refuse the sacraments to such parents." Parents who for social reasons chose to keep their children in public schools, mixing with Protestant children, were expressly pronounced "unworthy of the sacraments," and told that they " need not won- der if they will be denied them. " The late Arch- 208 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. bishop Purcell declared: " We see not how they who willfully and deliberately neglect this duty of sending the children under their care to a Catholic school, when in their power, can worthily approach or be conscientiously admitted to the sacrament." Bishop McCloskey, of Louisville, in 1879, prohibited the admission to confirmation and the eucharist of children who had not passed at least two years in a Catholic school; and on January 3, 1880, he issued a decree in which are these words: "Now it is our will and command, that where there is a Catholic school in the parish, parents and guardians in such places should send their children or wards who are under nine years of age to such CathoHc schools; and we hereby direct that this obligation be enforced under the pain of refusal of absolution in the sacra- ment of penance." How is this in a country whose first Congress declared "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof?" And again on the l-lth of December, 1875, this following amendment was adopted: ' 'No state shall make any law respecting an estab- lishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; and no money raised by school taxation in any state, for the support of public schools, or derived from any public fund therefor, nor any pub- lic lands devoted thereto, shall ever be under the control of any religious sect; nor shall any money CHURCH AND STATE. 209 SO raised, or land so devoted, be divided between re- ligious sects or denominations." On the adjournment of Congress it became the sub- ject of popular discussion, and the two national par- ties expressed their views upon the principles it in- volved. The Republican National Convention, on the 15th of June, 1876, at Cincinnati, declared: "The public school system of the several states is the bulwark of the American Republic, and, with a view to its security and permanence, ^ve recommend an amendment to the constitution of the United States, forbidding the application of any public funds or property for the benefit of any schools or institutions under sectarian control." The Democratic National platform, adopted at St. Louis, June 28, 1876, declared: "We do here affirm . . . our faith in the total separation of church and state, for the sake alike of civil and religious freedom." And the platform then alluded to "the public schools, of which the establishment and support be- long exclusively to the several states, and which the Democratic party has cherished from their founda- tion, and is resolved to maintain without prejudice or preference for any class, sect, or creed, and with- out largesses from the treasury to any. " These platforms show that both of the national parties distinctly approved in their national conven- tions of the principle of the amendment; and the Re- publican party recommended its adoption, and the 210 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Democratic party declared for a total separation of church and state, and the maintenance of the public schools by the states without prejudice or preference for any class, sect, or creed, and without largess from the treasury to any. When the amendment came up for action in the House, a clause was added by the judiciar}^ committee, touching the power of Congress, and the House, 4th of August, 1876, passed the whole by the extraordinary vote of 180 to 7. In the Senate it was further amended by the ju- diciary committee, tmd defeated by a vote of 28 to 16, wanting a majority of two-thirds. It was stated in the Senate by Senator Blair, as a matter of his- tory, on the loth of February, 1888, that the defeat of this amendment was brought about by the Jesuits. We are still meeting with just such reverses. Hon. John Jay in Magazine of Christian Zite7'ature says: ''Rome sought to make America Spanish. The English Bible and the public schools have made it American." But the act of the Chicago School Board in rejecting Dr. Guyofs series of geographies, the best in the market, because they recognized the ex- istence of a God, seems still more startling from its oc- currence in a part of the Northwest Territory whose never-to-be-forgotten ordinance of 1787 might alone rebuke those foreign critics (on the School Board) and forbid so gross an insult to that immortal ordinance. The third article declared: "Religion, morality, and knowledge being needful to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means SECTARIANISM. 211 of education shall be forever encouraged. " Bancroft says: "Every child that was born into the world was lifted from the earth by the genius of his coun- try, and in the schools of the land received as its birthright a pledge of the public care for its morals and mind." The charge that the common-school education is sectarian, except so far as denominational teaching may have been surreptitiously and unconstitution- ally introduced in particular localities, through the corruption or indiflerence of party management, is answered by the clear language of the state constitu- tion. Under the guarantees thus provided, while the state can teach the morals of Christianitv, it cannot blend with them denominational teaching. Ultramon- tanes deny the right of the civil government to edu- cate, asserting that it is a function of the church; but this view is by no means generally accepted among Catholics, Take, for instance, the dictionary by William E. Addis and Thomas Arnold, both Fellows of the Royal University of Ireland, a work whose supreme authority is shown by the imprimatur of Cardinal Manning, and the approbation of Cardinal Newman. After stating the primary objects of so- ciety, it says: "The state may reasonably require that all its citizens should early receive that mental and moral training which may dispose them to re- strain anti-social passions, to obey the laws, and, by industry, to promote the public and their own wel- fare." 212 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. But in one point the power of the state to educate has a narrower hmit than that of the parent; for the parent can teach denominational doctrines, while the state can teach only "fundamental and universal morals" — "those facts and principles in which all Christians are substantially agreed. " Thus the right of the state to give the mental and moral training to fit children for the duties of society and of civil life, accords with the American constitutional prin- ciple as declared by Webster when he said: "The power over education is one of the powers belong- ing essentially to the government; it is one of the powers, the exercise of which is indispensable to the preservation of society; it is the duty of self-protec- tion." On this point Cardinal Manning, Cardinal Newman, and the learned editors of the Roman Catholic dictionary are in perfect accord with the great and good men of the world, however widely they may differ on other points, for they hold that the state is bound to see that its children are in- structed in those pure principles of morality which are universally recognized. OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS—CONTINUED. CHAPTER XIV. OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS — CONTINUED. Patriotism is a favorite theme. It is the breath of poetry, the perfume of the loftiest literature, the charm of oratory, the fountain of love and admira- tion. Who can forget the epics of Homer and of Hector, Agamemnon, Atreus and Tydides, Leoni- das, Timoleon and Horatius, Tell, Winkelreid and Hannibal, Emmett, Kosciusko and Kossuth, Wash- ington, Lincoln, Logan, and innumerable others. Napoleon at Waterloo, the Six Hundred at Balak- lava, Sheridan at Winchester, have thrilled the hearts of Byron, Tennyson, Emerson and Reid. Country-love and love of God are the two pillars across which stretches the arch, inscribed with all that is beautiful and noble in thought and form and color. But patriotism must have a cause. Every effect must have an adequate cause. A causeless effect is an unthinkable, because an impossible, thing. Patriotism is more than indigenous. It is a product and a growth. The blood of a warrior ancestry, stretching back 500 years, surged through the soul of the hero of Appomattox. The conqueror of the (217) 218 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. world was the son of a conqueror. Hannibal kissed, while yet a babe, the sword or Hamilcar, and at the altar swore eternal enmity to Rome. Constantino the Great grew great at the knee of his father-war- rior. The marvelous heroisms of ancient Greece and Rome sprouted and rooted at the fireside, and at the feet of the illustrious teachers, sages and philosophers. The founders of our republic recognized the im- portance of carefully inculcating patriotic principles in the minds of the young, and very early estab- lished schools in every neighborhood. And so mar- velous was the result, Lord Cornw^allis declared the educational instincts of the colonists hastened inde- pendence half a century. Hence, this little hrochure on ''Patriotism" would be incomplete, without a reference, however slight, to our public schools. Our public schools need no eulogy from us. The most eminent educators in two hemispheres have exhausted the vocabulary of praise. To add any- thing more would be superfluous and redundant. We venture, however, to make a few suggestions that appear to us to be very important: 1. The importance of the personality of the teacher: It has been well said: "It is the man that makes the school. " Our peril is that w^e will come to the conclusion that machinery, methods, appli- ances, etc. , make the school. This is the era of appliances. We strive to do everything by ma- chinery. The world is full of patents, and the air is MEN. 219 laden with rumors of patents. What a deluge of keys, charts, atlases, apparatuses and short meth- ods have we had in the last few years! Are we not in danger of thinking too much of methods and too little of men ? Tools are, indeed, important. We would not de- cry or disparage them. It would be hard to get along without them. Nevertheless, there is some- thing more important still, namely, the master me- chanic. Better have a wooden sword in the hands of a master, than a Damascus blade in the grasp of a novice or a bungler. Better dispense with all the modern methods, apparatuses and appliances of the school-room, and have a "master" behind the desk, than to have all the new-fangled "helps," with a helpless num-skull in the master's chair. The su- perior carpenter is more important than the superior adze or saw or hammer. The expert may write a more graceful hand with a twig of driftwood than the rustic can trace with the most finished Gillett, Estabrooke or pen of gold. Compare the sonnets of Shakespeare and Milton, written with goose-quills, with those of modern sonneteers, Avritten with stylo- graphic pens. We prefer the goose-quill sonnet. Marvelous is the advancement in the ordnance of war. Nations no longer fight with spears, javelins and blunderbusses. Still, 7nen are more important than munitions. We may fight with machinery, but we depend upon men. Napoleon, Avithout weapons, was mightier than a legion of men, with 220 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. all the accoufTements of war. Think of Wellington at Waterloo, Grant at the Wilderness, and Logan before Atlanta, when McPherson went down. How many muskets would have been equal to the mus- ketless Sheridan among the flying mob at Win- chester ? Wonderful is the advance in the science of medi- cine. Esculapius would be amazed, were he to drop down into the modern laboratory. Books of medical science, in many departments, are out of date by the time they are published, we are moving forward at such a break-neck speed. Still, w^e cannot dispense with the physician. Likewise in the de- partment of surgery. However bright and keen and superior the instruments may be, the surgeon is indispensable. Here is a magnificent piano. It is one of Stein- way's or Chickering's best. Its melodic and har- monic possibilities are well-nigh limitless; but still, it is only W' hen some master — some Lizst or Ruben- stein or Von Bulow— sweeps over the banks of ivory that the machine becomes myriad and celestial- voiced. And so we might multiply illustrations, almost bevond enumeration. We are disposed to emphasize machinery, and relinquish our concern regarding the teacher, as a man. Think of the humble school of sixty and seventy years ago, and longer. There was very lit- tle machinery; there were very few appliances; ap- paratus, strictly speaking, there was none. Every- THE MAN. 221 thing hinged upon the teacher. Dark days, are you saying ? Wait a moment. Those were the days when the youthful Bryants and Longfellows and Emersons and Lowells and Whittiers and Hohiieses were in the humble school, under the guidance of the master. John Marshall, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and other civic giants were then in emb^^'o. Think of the groves of Aristotle, the tub of Diog- ones, and the street corners of Athens, where Socra- tes taught. Think of the men who went forth from their illustrious tutelage. There were giants in those days. But they were not machine-made; they were moulded and fashioned by the masters, and in turn became masters themselves. "It is the man that makes the school." Better have the school on the strand of the murmuring waters, or under the sighing boughs, without books or maps, or charts or appliances of any sort, with a man for a teacher, than to have all the appliances, but the man minus. 2. What is education? It is the uplift of one soul by the personal contact and eflbrt of a superior soul, not in a material, but in a moral and intellec- tual sense. And no appliance or method can take the place of the superior soul. How infinitesimal ap- pear all educational machinery when Arnold, of Rugby, arises before us. To rub against such a man for an hour was worth all the machine w^ork of a whole year. What memories have the students of Princeton of — what? Methods? Appliances? 222 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Apparatuses? No! Of Dr. McCosh, the man. President Garfield told us his supreme memory was of Mark Hopkins, his teacher at Williams College. What an impress Milton made upon those who sat at his feet; and the immortal Shakespeare, who is said to have taught, at one time, a humble country school! Our supreme need in the schools of to-day is rtien'. not machinery, not methods, not appliances. We need men of character, of convictions, of steadfast- ness of purpose. First, we need pure men. One coarse or vulgar, slip-shod utterance from the teacher might corrupt a dozen budding minds. One act of impurity might poison a score of miniature life-fountains. There is as great a demand for pure teachers as there is for pure preachers. Indeed, the demand is greater for pure teachers; for the preacher has the children but one hour per week, while the teacher has them thirty hours. We need pure teachers. Second, we need e^ithusiastic teachers. We should have the same enthasiasm in the school-room there is on the Board of Trade. The teacher should be as great a zealot, educationally, as the consecrated missionary is religiously, or the Jesuit is politically and ecclesiastically. Third, we need godly teachers. I say nothing of creed or dogma. I emphasize the need of godly teachers, in antithesis to the teacher ungodly. I think of InsersoU teaching and fashioning the minds O C O PURE TEACHERS. 223 of the children. Yet Ingersoll was once a school teacher. We do not want our children Ingersoll- ized, but Christianized. A.nd only a Christian teacher can christianize. A non-committal teacher will not do. A teacher who simply does not antiigo- nize the religion of Christ is not good enough. A positive faith, and a corresponding character arc the si7ie qua nons. Fourth, we need brainy teachers. Unfortunately, we have not held out suflScient inducements, to in- duce men of brains, in large numbers, to devote their lives to the cause of education. Men and wo- men, as a rule, teach, not as an end, but as a means; they use the teacher's profession as a stepping stone to something financially and socially and politically hiffher. When an individual consecrates himself for life to teaching, we look upon hmi as something as a missionary — as a martyr, indeed. The legal and medical professions are usually the goals of the teachers' ambitions. The teachers are not to blame. Their constituents are at fault. Magnify the teach- er's oflSce; make it financially desirable; give it a sort of social transfiguration, and theHopkinsesand Mc- Coshes will be multiplied. Water seeks its level; so do brains. Water will find its level; so -will brains. Magnify the teacher's office, and lay con- tribution upon the best brains. Fifth, we need patriotic teachers. It is no more important for the President of the United States to be inducted into office with vows of fidelity to the 224 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Constitution, than for the teacher in the humblest backwoods district school. A flag should float from every school-house, and the open Constitution should be spread upon every teacher's • desk. As the twig is bent against a government, so the tree is inclined. The rampant rebellionism of the South was instilled into the minds of the children by disloyal teachers. With a loyal teacher, true to the Constitution, in every school-house south of the Mason and Dixon line, a quarter of a century hence, the South w^ould be thoroughly northernized and unionized. Why should it not be so ? This is a matter of supreme concern to our country, and to every loyal, law- abiding citizen. SENATOR BLAIR, Author of the Blair Educational Bill. CHAPTER XV. OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS — CONTINUED. Our public schools are priceless, The nation's hope and joy; And palsied be the hand that would Their usefulness destroy. But our public school system is in deep and grave peril. The whole nation at last realizes that many agents and agencies are combined for its complete overthrow and destruction. The agents and agen- cies thus employed are not to be sneered at. They are thoroughly organized, splendidly officered, and backed by millions of money and men. Many of them have profound convictions and nolilo, un- blemished characters. Though differing with them, we are compelled to always remember two things: They are, probably, in the main, conscientious, and their consciences have been shaped and moulded by forces antagonistic to our American institutions. Rome and Washington are enemies. They repre- sent antagonistic principles. Washington offers no American minister to the Vatican; she accepts no papal nuncio from the Vatican. There is a mutual jealousy of prerogative. Rome seeks to prove another Tiberius Csesar or Macedonian Alexander (229) 230 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. in the conquest of the whole world. Washington has nothing to say regarding Rome's ambitions or even doings, as long as they are trans-Atlantic; but when they appear on this side the great sea, and es- pecially north of the equator, Washington frowns, and, with clenched fist, cries: "Hold on, there!" Nor is this halt ordered against Rome, as Rome, but against Rome as anti-American. This distinction needs to be kept continually in mind: Our war is not with what Rome is, but with what Rome does and seeks to do. We, as Americans, care nothing whatever about Rome's be- liefs or disbeliefs. We care nothing about her ben- edictions or anathemas. We are absolutely indif- ferent to her commendations and denunciations. Though she was our ancient foe, and wasted our storehouses and murdered our sires, the grace of God saves us from bitterness and wrath. We can ofler the prayer of Stephen: "Lay not this to their charge. " And even now we can throw the broad mantle of charity over much that she says and does, excusing her on the ground of ignorance, and praying for her in the language of Jesus: "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do." Were the Greek church, or the Anglican, to seek to do what Rome attempts, we would be as decided in our opposition to them. Were any government to do what Rome has done, we would long since have declared war. Were the Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, or any Protestant church to take the ROME'S WAR. 231 stand Rome has taken, they would be speedily torn up by the roots. So far from us waging war against the Romish church as such, we have, on the other hand, gone to the utmost extreme of hospitality; first, because Rome is a stranger in a strange land, and hence is our guest; and second, because she comes in the name of what we all revere — religion. Sut it must he remeiiibered that vjhen hospitality is outraged by the guest^ the duty of the host ceases. But upon no question, whether in point of doc- trine or polity, are Washington and Rome at greater variance than upon that of the pubUc school system. Washington believes its life is essential to the weal of the government; Rome believes its death is essen- tial to the weal of the church. Hence Washington decrees that the public school system shall live; Rome, our guest, decrees that it shall die. It re- mains to be seen whether the American people are to be ruled from the Potomac or from the Tiber, and whether this is really a "government of the people, for the people, by the people," or a governinent of the Pope., for the Pope., hy the Pope. And the question will be settled when the public school ques- tion is settled. From the late Wisconsin decision it would appear that the United States of America is a government of the Pope, for the Pope, by the Pope. Rome openly declares it to be her immediate pur- pose to seize the reins of government at Washington, and administer its affairs according to the dictum of 232 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. the Pope, Father Hecker, in the "Catholic World" of July, 1870, said: "The Roman Catholic is to wield his vote for the purpose of securing Catholic supremacy in this country." Dr. Brownson, in his "Review" of July, 1864, said: "It is the mteution of the pope to possess this country. In this niten- tion he is aided by the Jesuits and all the Catholic prelates and priests." And again, this same Di\ Brownson says: "The people need governing and must be governed. They must have a master, and this master is the Pope of Rome, whom the Almighty God has placed us under to obey." In the "Cath- olic World" of September, 1871, we find this lan- guage: "If the government be interpreted by the Protestant or non-Catholic principle, we do not ac- cept it, or hold it to be any government at all, or as capable of performing any of the proper functions of government. If the American governmeait is to be sustained and preserved at all, it must be by the rejec- tion of the principle of the Reformation, that is, the government of the people and the acceptance of the Catholic principle, i. e., the government of the Pope. " From these declarations you can draw your own inferences. We have already shown that as the twig is bent against the government the full grown tree is inclined; that Hannibal's hatred of Rome was engendered at his father's knee; that the rampant rebellionism of the South was instilled into the minds of the children, who grew up to manhood. JESUITS. 233 by disloyal teachers. Jesuits ask but seven years of a cbikrs life, from the most patriotic sire and home, to Romanize and anti-Amcricanize it. And every school under Romish control is in deadly and perpetual hostility to every institution that is dear to the American heart and peculiar to the American form of government. The Pope, in a recent Ency- clical, says: "The Romish Church has a right to exercise its authority without any limits set to it by the civil power." And again he says: "The Pope and the priests ought to have dominion over the temporal atfairs." And he further says, "In case of a con- flict between the ecclesiastical and civil powers, the ecclesiastical powers ought to prevail." And every high dignitary in the church takes a solemn oath to diligently execute every connnand of the Pope. Cardinal Manning puts the following words in the mouth of the Pope: "I acknowledge no civil power; I am subject to no prince; and I claim more than this, I claim to be the Supreme Judge and dictator of the consciences of men; of the peasant that tills the fields, and the prince that sits upon the throne; 1 am the sole, and only Supreme Judge of what is right and wrong." And in a book prepared for the Roman Catholic colleges and schools, by the Rev. F. X. Schouppe of the Society of Jesuits, we are told that the civil laws are binding on the conscience only so Ions: as they are conformable to the rights of the Catholic 234 AMERICAS XEXT WAR. Church, that human laws are susceptible of dispen- sation. The power to dispense belongs to the Sov- ereign Pontiff. This is certainly strong language. But it is as moonlight is to sunlight, and as w^ater is to wine, when compared with the language provoked when the public school question is under discussion. The whole Romish Church, from the Roman Pontiflf to the obscurest backwoods or missionary priest, is a unit in denouncing our public school system as a fraud, "a social cancer presaging the death of na- tional morality, and the sooner they are destroyed the better." "That they came from the devil, and to the devil must they go." The Freeman's Journal, of December, 1S69, said: "Better languish and die under the red flao; of Eno;land than live to bes^et children of perdition under the flag of a proselyting republic." And the Cincinnati Catholic Telegraph declares, "It will be a glorious day for the Catho- lics in this country when under the blows of justice and morality, our school system shall be shivered to pieces. " Rome is not only a deadly enemy, but also a skillful fencer and swordsman. She is master of the feint, the strategic, and the tactical. She is as wise as a serpent. Knowing that an immediate and di- rect war on the public school would doom her to ignominious defeat, .she resorted to tactics. We were told that Rome had nothing to say against the public schools of America. Indeed, his Serene PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 235 Highness was a patron of learning, and an a}> plauder of all movements in that direction. But the Holy Pontifl' questioned the propriety of admit- ing the Bible into the schools. In fact, he was con- scientiously, and by revelation from heaven, and especially from St. Peter, absolutely opposed to the simple reading of the Bible in the public schools, though without any comment whatever. Thus the Church of Rome arrayed herself against the Bible. The war has been waged all along the line, but the first notable victory has just been gained (March 18, 1890) in Wisconsin. In that state the Supreme Court has decided that the read- ing of the Bible, though without comment, is not only unlawful but also unconstitutional. The ground of the verdict is that clause in the Con- stitution of the State forbidding sectarian instruc- tion in the public schools, the Court declaring that the simple reading of the Bible, without comment, comes under that head. The Court held that the Bible is a sectarian book, and to read from it would be to instill sectarian ideas in the minds of children. But let the Court speak for itself: "In considering the question whether such read- ing of the Bible in public schools is sectarian in- struction, 'prohibited in public schools by the Con- stitution,' the books will be regarded as a whole, because the whole Bible without exception has been designated as a text-took for use in the Edgerton Schools, and the claim of the School Board is that 230 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. the whole contents thereof may lawfully be so read. This being so, it is quite immaterial if the portion;! thereof set out in the return as the only portions thus far read are not sectarian. Yet it should be observed that some of the portions so read seem to inculcate doctrines of the divinity of Jesus Christ and of the punishment of the wicked after death, which doctrmes are not accepted by some religious "The question therefore seems to narrow down to this: Is the reading of the Bible in schools — not merely selected passages therefrom, but the whole of it — sectarian instruction of pupils ? In view of the fact already mentioned that the Bible contains numerous doctrinal passages upon some of which almost every religious sect is divided, and that such passages may reasonably be understood to inculcate the doctrines predicated upon them, an affirmative answer to the question seems unavoidable. Any pupil of ordinary intelligence who listens to the reading of the doctrinal portions of the Bible will be more or less instructed thereby in the doctrine of the divinity of Jesus Christ, the eternal punish- ment of the wicked, the authority of the priest- hood, the binding force and efficacj^ of the sacra- ments, and many other conflicting sectarian doc- trines." This is a grand triumph for Rome. To the un- sophisticated there are doubtless many puzzling ins and outs here. How can the Catholics consider the TRIUMPH 237 Bible a sectarian book ? If it is simply a sectarian book, how can they place it on their holy altars or follow its pscudo authority. And if its sectarian character unfits it for the school, by what process of reasoning can it be considered worthy of a [)lace in the Church ? Still further, how can the Church of Christ object to the Book of Christ under any cir- cumstance? In other words, how can Rome be in such deadly antagonism to the widest possible spread of the only Book that authorizes her exist- ence, and wdiich she herself teaches is the only source of light and hope in this dark and sin-ciu'sed w^orld of ours ? A distinguished writer lets in lisfht upon this vexed question when he says: "We do not believe that the Catholics want it (the Bible) ex- cluded from the public schools because the Douay version — the Catholic version of the Bible — is not used, but because they wish to condemn these schools as godless. . . . They are intent on breaking down the present system. If they were con- vinced that the system could never be broken down nor the money divided, they would vastly prefer that the Bible should continue to he read in them'"' Even the Catholic Standard confesses that the practical outcome of the exclusion of the Bible is '•infidelity, agnosticism, atheism." It not only ex- cludes the Bible, says this official organ of the Cath- olic Church, but it excludes '•'■from every inMic school text hooh and all inMic school instruction every reference to religion^ Here certainly is an 238 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. alarming confession. In order to gain a certain ec- clesiastical victory they are willing to plunge our schools into "infidelity, agnosticism, atheism." What is this ulterior motive that actuates Roman- ism to thus strive for the expulsion of the Bible from the public schools ? It is nothing short of the jpulverization and annihilation of thejnihlic schools^ and then the complete Romanization of the AiviERiCAN Republic. Let Rome speak for her- self. Pope Pius IX. declares that the "Romish Church has a right to interfere in the discipline of the public schools, and in the choice of teachers for these schools; public schools open to all children for the education of the young should be under the control of the Romish Church, should not be sub- ject to the civil power, nor made to conform to the opinions of the age; Catholics cannot approve of a system of educating youth w^hich is unconnected with the Catholic faith and powder of the Church." "Such a system of public schools as ours in the United States," the Pope continues, "must neces- sarily be guided by the spirit of error and lies." Cardinel Antonelli, a few years ago said he "thought it better that the children should grow up in ignorance than to be educated in such a system of schools as the state of Massachusetts supported; that the essential part of the education of the peo- ple was the catechism; and, while arithmetic and geography, reading and writing, and other similar studies might be useful they were not essential.''^ SCHOOLS. 239 The Second Plenary Council of Baltimore, 186fi, charged the public schools with "that corruption of morals which we have to deplore in those of tender years." The Second Provincial Council of Oregon, 1881, declared that "swearing, cursing and profane expressions are distinctive marks of public school children," and the faithful were enjoined to keep their children out of such pest houses. Archbishop Segher, speaking of the public school system, says: "It is grossly and monstrously immoral; a blot, a blemish and a disgrace on this country; a living scandal and an opprobrium which covers its pro- moters with shame and infamy." Archbishop Wil- liams said he "considered himself insultedhy the bare suspicion that they would find support from him as favorable to public schools." Bishop Gilmore, of Cleveland, in 1873, authorized confessors to refuse the sacraments to parents who persisted in sending their children to public schools. Bishop St. Palais, of Indiana, in 1872, says he "objects to the public schools on account of the infidel source from which they originated. " Bishop Baetes, of Alton, Illinois, in 1870, denominated our public schools as "semi- naries of infidelity, and as such most fruitful sources of immorality." Father Walker, of New York, says: "The public schools are the nurseries of vice. They are godless schools, and they who send their children to them cannot expect the mercy of God. I would as soon administer the sacraments to a dog as to such Catholics." Priest Phelan, October 17, 1873, 240 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. said: ''The children of the pubhc schools turn out to be learned horse-thieves, scholastic counterfeiters, and well versed in all the schemes of deviltry." He frankly confessed that the Catholics were totally op- posed to and bitter enemies of the public school sys- tem. He further said: "They would as soon send their children into a pest house, or bury them, as let them go to the public schools. They were afraid the child Avho left home in the morning would come back with something in its heart as black as hell." Monsignor Capel, the bosom friend and chaplain of the Pope, said: "The time is not far away when the Roman Catholics, at the order of the Pope, will re- fuse to pay their school tax, and will send bullets to the breasts of the government agents, rather than pay. The order can come any day from Rome. It will come as quickly as the click of the trigger, and will be obeyed, of course, as coming from God Al- mighty himself." The Catholic Telegraphy of Cincinnati, says: "The secular school is a social cancer, presaging the death of national morality. The sooner it is destroyed the better. It will be a glorious day for Catholics in this country when under the blows of justice (?) and morality (?) our school system will be shivered to pieces." The Freeman's Journal (Catholic) says: "Let the public school system go where it came from — the devil." Thus we might multiply testimony by whole CATHOLIC AUTHORITIES. 241 ptiges, find even volumes, showing from Rome's own mouth that Rome has decreed the pulverization and annihilation of our public school system, and tho Romanization of our beloved republic. But the tes- timony already cited is painfully sufficient. But Rome does not stop with mere assertion. We have already referred to their triumph in Wisconsin, There is real peril to our institutions and the government itself, when Rome can secure in the single city of New York within fifteen years over $12,000,000 from the State; when, after the passage of the constitutional amend- ment, forbidding all appropriations for sectarian purposes, the Roman Catholic orphan asylum can have its water tax removed, while the Protestant deaf and dumb institution must pay its twelve hun- dred and fifty dollars; when one of the very best text-books is removed from a school in Boston, be- cause its truthful history cxpo.ses the hellish deeds of Rome, and the teacher is removed from a position he has faithfully and honorably filled for nineteen years, because he illustrated that history, which every unbiased historian knows to be true. Teach- ers are being removed in most of our large cities on the merest pretext, to give place to the agents of Rome. Jesuitism, that is becoming so formidable in this country, hopes some day to mould and shape the minds of our youth. Freemen! can you submit to this ? Shall we suffer our God-given liberties to be consumed by the fires of Rome 'i 242 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Nothing can be more opportune and full of hope and cheer than the uprising and organization of such orders as the Patriotic Order Sons of America and the British American Association. All these things are indications of the deep and wide-spread alarm among our people. When the Rev. O. H. Tiflany was recently deal- ing with the perils of our republic, in the great Chicago Auditorium, and touched upon Rome's interference with our schools, he became the most forcible and earnest, and when he closed the discus- sion with the fervid appeal, — "The attack upon the system is systematic. The plan of the campaign against it is carefully drawn. Defeated in one direc- tion, it will mass its forces in another. Foiled in the attempt to apportion the public moneys for separate institutions, it may seek to place its emis- saries in the institutions already existing, and so control them. With a sagacity almost like inspira- tion, and a persistency worthy of a better cause, it is bent on securing the mastery of American youth, in their culture, their thoughts, their habits, their politics, their religion. And it is a long arm that reaches for this high prize. It stretches from across the sea. And whether its name in politics be An- glicanism, Methodism, Nihilism or Romanism, watch it; smite it; disable it," — the enthusiasm of the great audience displayed itself in hearty and long, continued applause. A reporter sent by our press said: "The audience SAGACITY. 2'13 which was assembled to hear him fairly represents the American public. It was of no one denomina- tion and no one class. It was composed of people of all religious faiths, of every variety of political be- lief, and of various nationalities, but upon this par- ticular point they were in sympathy with the speaker, and were all the more vigorous in expressing their approbation because such a liberal and unprejudiced declaration of the proper relations between church and state had been uttered by a prominent represen- tative of the most powerful religious denomination in this country. There are signs that the sentiments of the Ameri- can people in this matter are making themselves felt among those who have been conspicuous in assaults upon our public-school system. The most outrage- ous and open attack which has yet been made is that of the Bishop of New Jersey, who has recently or- dered Roman Catholic parents to transfer their children from the public to the parochial schools, upon penalty of excommunication and a refusal to grant absolution. The order has aroused widespread indignation, not only among Protestants, but among large numbers of Catholics, who claim the right to educate their children as they see fit, and to send them to the public schools so long as they are super- ior to the parochial schools. The earnestness and de- termination of public sentiment have made itself felt in church circles also. The Rev. Father Corrigau, one of the best known Catholic priests in New Jer- 244 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. sey, has declined to promulgate the order from his pulpit, and places himself squarely upon the laws of the church, which declares that 'If Catholic schools have not all the grades subject to advanced scholars, and if the parents secure the religious training of the children at home, Catholic children may go to public schools, and neither priest nor bishop is al- lowed to refuse them or their parents admission to the sacraments, or even use threats against such parents or children/ "But whatever may be the law, the Protestant defenders of the public-school system will sternly resist any effort of any church to secure control of it, or to prejudice it in any way, and in this deter- mination will be reinforced by thousands of Roman Catholics, who will not allow any one to dictate to them in secular matters. They have been in this country too long, and have become too completely Americanized to submit to such an invasion of their rights. If the authorities of any church unwisely provoke the struggle, they will miserably fail. In the words of Dr. Tiffany: 'The American school- house, flying the American flag, will shelter and in- struct our youth. 'The lips of the priests shall keep knowledge,' but shall not dictate State politics. Ballots, more potent thari*bullets, will express the wish of men.' " Thus the war is upon us. The news of the first pitched-battle comes down from the North, and it tells of defeat. Rome is in high feather, and lauds and DETERMINED RESISTANCE. 245 lionizes her truckling and obsequious henchmen. The Pope sends congratuhitions, and dreams of the day when the Pontiff will be monarch of all he surveys in the New World, as once he was in the Old. But if we mistake not the temper of the de- scendants of the Pilgrim Fathers, the Pope's dream will prove to be only a dream. The Wisconsin de- feat IS our Bull Run, and not our Waterloo. And as certainly as there is a God in heaven some ecclesi- astical Lincoln will be raised up to promulge a greater proclamation of emancipation, and a greater than Grant will lead the hosts of political and eccle- siastical liberty to a glorious Appomattox. And there America's only terms to Rome and all her ad- herents will be unconditional surrender, absolute and unquestioned obedience, and thorough and complete conformity to all that constitutes our "government of the people, for the people, and by the people," Heaven hasten the coming of the second Appomattox, with bloodshed if necessary, but without it if possible. Hon. AVM. D. BOARD, GOVEI'.NOU OF \\ ISCuX.SlN. CHAPTER XVI. THE BENNETT LAW * Wm. D. Hoard, Governor of Wisconsin. Ladies and Gentlemen : We have fallen upon strange times. The circumstances which seem to make it necessary for me to appear before you to defend a law enacted ni the interest of education and the children of the state arc indeed strange circumstances and anomalous to the whole spirit of American history. If any one had said to me a year ago that there existed in Wisconsin any considerable number of men who were hostile to the spirit and purpose of a law like the Bennett law, I would have refused to believe it. I might have admitted that among the most igno- rant and unprogressive elements of our population there could be found a few who did not care for the future of their children. But I certainly would have refused to believe that in all the state there could be found a single minister or priest who was so com- pletely foreign in his ideas and sympathies as to oppose a law which simply provides that every child ♦Address delivered before the South-Eastern Wisconsin Teachers' Asso- ciation at Waukesha, on "The Right of the State to Establish and Direct Secular Education." (249) 250 AMEKICA'S NEXT WAR. should acquire a small amount of American educa- tion. I would not have believed that there existed in Wisconsin, or in the United States even, a single newspaper, no matter what language it was printed in, that would oppose such a law. I would not have believed that there could be found in all this broad land a set of men and newspapers who would deliberately enter into a conspiracy against poor, ignorant and defenseless little children. I would not have believed that there could be found a single man who ever felt the fostering care of the American school, who could be induced to join this conspiracy for the sake of an office. But, my friends, I am wiser to-day than I w^as one year ago. I now see that we have these elements among us. I had believed that the evil which the Bennett law was designed to correct was the result of negligence and inattention. But this violent opposition to the law convinces me that the ignorance which we are striving to dissipate is very largely the work of design; at least that is the natural logic of the posi- tion its opponents take. He who opposes the light must of necessity be in favor of darkness. As much as we may deprecate and feel ashamed of such a condition of atiairs in so fair and progressive a state, nevertheless it is true, and we must meet the evil in the forum of reason and before the bar of public opinion. I thank God for the power there is in public opinion. It has never failed us. It is the "vox BASIC AMERICAN IDEAS. 251 dei " of American destiny. To it the tender chil- dren and the feeble aged may appeal with certainty that justice shall be accorded. One of the distinctive features of American char- acter is a generous and chivalric regard for the weak and defenseless. In obedience to this noble spirit we have dotted this broad land with asylums and houses of refuge. Such a spirit is the essence of the highest civilization. In obedience to it we have established the most magnificent system of public instruction for children, the world ever knew. In obedience to it we have enshrined in law and senti- ment that regard for woman that so distinctively marks the American social order above any other on earth. These ideas of charity, of education, of tender regard for woman, form what are known as the basic American ideas of social relationship. Justice is the foundation principle on which they rest — justice to the unfortunate, justice to the young, and justice to the motherhood of the race. It is this broad and truly American spirit that has material- ized in all the laws which have made possible our splendid educational system. It is this spirit that actuated the hearts of those liberal and patriotic German-Americans in Milwaukee who originated the Bennett law. It is this spirit which impelled the last legislature to enact it, with scarcely a word of dissent. It is this spirit which inspires the great army of teachers in Wisconsin of every form of 252 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. religious faith and political belief, to stand like a wall in support of it. It is this spirit on which is founded the American state, and to which as loyal American citizens we are pledged to the last full measure of our property, our service, and, if need be, our lives. Sons of the Church are we; And who but she shall guide, Mother and nurse of immortality, And our Redeemer's bride? A. C. CoxE. (COLV) CHAPTER XVII. THE CHURCH. In calling your attention to the Church as one of the institutions of America, I do not mean Metho- dist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregationalist or Catholic, but that body of the living Christ in which every member is allowed to act intelligently accord- ing to the dictates of his own conscience. There are those who object to the church and brand it as a factor of other days, saying that we have no need of the church in this land of philosophy, science and literature. All such remind me of an old lady who began the study of astronom}' at the age of seventy- six, and after a few lessons advanced the sublime thought that God acted wisely in creating a moon to shine by night, but that it was a waste of time and material in creating a sun for the day, for there was no need of that shining orb. It has been estimated that we have about 7,000,000 of young men between eighteen and thirty, and that 6,000,000 of these never attend a church; that only about 350,000 are members of any church; while there are over 700,000 young men between those (257) 258 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. ages in our public prisons at some time during each year. If these statements are correct, then it becometh the church to ask for the reason, and see to it that her service be made so instructive and helpful as to command the attention of young men. The great per cent, of Romanists educated in the public schools of this land lose their confidence in the tenets of popery, and unless the church meet them with an intelligent presentation of helpful truth, well illustrated and enforced by living men and women, they will swing clear across the field to the land of doubt and despair. Therefore I call on all true patriots to stand by the church, enter its folds with a purpose to make it most potent in producing a Christian civilization in which no traitor can live. I fear the church is too largely asleep over this volcano which is smoldering under us, Avhose fires are fed by the ignorance, superstition and enmity of unenlightened and unchristianized thousands, for whom almost nothing is being done. The crisis is upon us; can we meet it? What will be the out- come, if we do not ? But one answer can be given. The church must arise in her power and might, and consecrate her prayers, her wealth, and her life to the evangelizing agencies in these great cities, or they will be found in the hands of anarchists and socialists. A great English author has well said: "America CATHOLICS. 259 for Christ, for the sake of the world," If wo save our cities for Jesus and America, the world is safe. 1 have recently read Archbishop Ireland's great sermon, from the text: "Thy soul strive for justice, and even unto death fight for justice, and God will overthrow thine enemies for thee." In that sermon, he said: "Our work is to make America Catholic. If we love America, if we love the church, to mention the work suffices. Our cry shall be: 'God wills it ! ' and our hearts shall leap with crusader enthusiasm. We know the church is the sole owner of the truths and graces of salvation. Would we not that she pour upon the souls of friends and fellow-citizens the gifts of the incarnate God ? The touch of her divine-made hand will strengthen and sublimate the rich heritage of nature's virtues, which is the portion of America and America's children; it will super-add the deify- ing treasures of supernatural life. The Catholic church will confirm and preserve, as no human power, or human church can, the liberties of the republic. . . . The conversion of America should be ever present to the minds of Catholics in America, as a supreme duty, from which God will not hold them exempt. Whatever the record of the first century of church-life, the record of the second, if we are loyal to duty, will tell of wondrous exten- sion given to Christ's church, over the United States of America. I am aware that there are those among us who do not partake of my hopefulness. What can be done, they say, in America ? Catholics are a 260 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. handful — ten millions in sixty-five — the few among the many, struggling amid temptations and preju- dices. The preservation of the little flock in the faith is a herculean task. Most ill-prepared are we to reach out in efforts to convert our fellow-citizens; nor are they disposed to hearken to words of ours. As to the burning questions agitatmg the world, the prospect of a solution that will satisfy the age, is remote. The sky above us is cloud-laden, and no glimmer of light pierces through it. The days of failing faith are upon us. The refuge of «ach one is to flee for hi& own safety to the mountams, and wait, in silence and prayer, the return of God's vivi- tying breath upon the nations. "So speak the great number of Catholics in Europe; so speak some in America. And, so long as they speak in this manner, the world will not be brought to God; and the enemies of the church will possess the age. But why this language of fear and distrust ? Let Catholics say why the triumphs of other days are not possible in our own time and country. The church to-day, as when she overthrew pagan Home, and won over to grace ferocious Northmen, is the church of divine truth, and divine power. Her mission is to-day, as then, to teach all nations; to preach the gospel to every creature; and Christ is w^th her, even unto the consummation ot ages: God's arm is not shortened. What can be wanting? Our own resolute will to put to profit God's graces and God's opportunities. For thy BEACH. 261 soul, fight for justice; even unto death, strive for justice." Ah, my brethren, if the Roman church entertains such convictions, and inspi^-es its membership with such hopes, what ought to be our ambition, with the entire Protestant churcli with us in sympa- thy and efibrt ? At liome, alive with the instincts of patriotism and devotion, such as the history of conflict has transmitted, and inspired with a history written in blood and tears, out of hearts touched l)y the divine pathos of an infinite God, what may we not expect, if true to our principles ? With a united efibrt of God's people, our large cities can be Christianized; but without it, that will not be done. There is a great need that Christians ponder this fact. I do not lose sight of the fact that "God must ffive the increase." I know that unless the Lord build the house, they labor in vain who build it; but my faith, says God, will give the increase. He will record his name on every altar erected in honor of His Son, Jesus; and where His name is recorded. He will come. There are times in the history of the church when the needs can be met and answered by the men and women whom God hath endowed; and, if I read arisrht, that time is now. There is no need that we withdraw our natural efibrts, in order that the super- natural may appear, for we shall never be able to eclipse God, in our co-laborship with Him. 562 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. Nay, let us do oui^ utmost to answer the demands of the hour, in the securing of lots, in the erection of temples — the creation of harmony and melody, the gathering of the people, the proclamation of the truth as it is in Christ — and when we shall have done our "all," made our richest sacrifice, rendered our sweetest songs, oflered our largest and best gifts, it will be a long way down to the nethermost depths, out to the outmost limit, and up to the highest flight of human need. But when we shall have reached as far as we can, God can reach the rest of the way, and will. Said a little child, who had fallen into a cistern, when asked by her mother if she was not afraid, answered: "No; for I knew if I reached as far as I could, you could reach the rest of the way, and save me. " The great father and mother heart of God is not going to see His church perish in the floods of infidelity and Catholicism. It cost too much to prepare this land, as I verily believe, for the last act in the play of Christianity, to allow it to sufler such disaster. If we do our part, God will save his people. What are we doing ? Something; but nothing in comparison to what we might and should do. Like the famous Japanese, who put his sacred, snow-capped, deity-haunted mountain into the back- ground of every picture, so ought every Christian heart to bring its best works, richest gifts, sweetest songs and purest devotions into the home work, un- til every interest along the shore life of humanity is THE BEST. 263 touched by the spirit of Him who said: ''I must work the works of Him who sent Me, Avhilc it is day." But how shall this work be done ? 3^011 ask. First, by a new conception of Him, ''whose we arc, and whom we serve." Communion with God wnll open to us his treas- ure-house; and then we shall come to see that our God is unlike all other Gods, and feel, with Sol- omon, that the house we build is great, for great is our God above all 2:ods. Shut a man up with God until he sees His boun- tiful benificence, and he will desire to give and do, to the measure of his ability. The moment Zacheus saw the claims of the gospel, he said: "The half of my goods I give to feed the poor. " Oh, that w^e could get Elijah's view of Jehovah ! Then would we confound the prophets of Baal, and see the thousands converted, as wdien Peter preached to the Jews, and Wesley proclaimed, wnth new em- phasis: "God so loved the world, that He gave His onlv beo-otten Son, that wdiosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life." The one w^ork of infidelity to-day is to hide God, knowing that in the church's conception of the su- pernatural is her power. So, in order to abolish the light, they seek to veil the sun. Brethren, though we see not yet all things put under Him, Ave do see Jesus; and in Him is all needed help. Let us make our demands m view of the great God, and, like 264 AMERICA'S KEXT WAR. Solomon, call for the wealth of the world, and the service of kings. Hiram, of Tyre, was not too great to work on the temple. Our God giveth lib- erally. Go to little men for little things, to God for great things. John Newton sings: "Thou art coming to a King; Large petitions with thee bring, For His grace and power are such, None can ever ask too much." Let us ask for the best. When the vision touched the eyes of the Macedonian clergy, they cried for help; and for whom did they ask ? Paul, the great- est man God ever made. Now, if God can aflbrd to create new suns to illumine dark places in His kingdom, we ought to be willing to ask for them; and if he can aflbrd to send a band of angels to escort a beggar home to glory, we can afford to beg our way through the world, and carry the light of truth into the dark corners of the earth. God help us to rise to our feet, that we may see our God, and in His name claim the world for Him. Never were a people more favorably situated to do a great work than the Christian people of this country. Thirdly, we need a baptism of enthusiasm, to rid us of all selfishness. "Beware of an enthusiast," says an old sage. Yes; we may, if he is after us; for he is ten times himself when enthused. We are all of one mind as to the work before us; and, I doubt not, we have all decided to do more on SIGN. , 265 this line. What we want is enthusiasm to exe- cute the sentence tlius rendered, as Cromwell's Iron- sides and the men of Gettys])nrg had. I believe the great day of enthusiasm is yet to come; and some of us will live to see a mighty outburst of irresistible forces, such as will sweep us beyond the outposts of the most aggressive of to-day. Oh, that it might come on us now. It is said that Peter the Great gave Russia a plan and standard, toward which the nation has been rushing, with ceaseless j^earning, ever since. I would like to write all over our Zion, burn all through every heart of the church in this country, "America for God;" and then go out to execute; saying to all societies, in the language of a mission- ary, when told by the ambassador of Russia that the Imperial master would not allow what he taught to be established in Turkey: "May it please your excellency, my Master will not ask leave to establish His kingdom at the hand of any man." The next and last red light shall be at the forks of the road leading into eternity. If we are to perish with the clay, then cursed be the laws, customs and usages of society. But if, in the curtained future, there are doors out of time into eternity; if there are domains lying out in a shore- less sea, then awful is the thought of this couplet: "It is not all of life to live. Nor all of death to disi" 266 AMERIC.VS NEXT WAR. Or 'There is a land of pure delight. Where saints immortal reign; Infinite day excludes the night. And pleasures banish pain." Then look! In the mists is a form, radiant in smiles, robed in fadeless glory, by His side is a door; over it is written, in bm-ning letters: "No drunkard can enter here! " Look, ye men of mod- erate drink. Look! Again: "No whoremonger, sorcerer, idolater, mur- derer, or liar, can enter here! " Beware, oh man! Go, write at the forks of the road: ''Put not your trust in wealth;" for if, with Aquilla, you succeed in making for yourself a golden casket for a silver box, and be housed in an iron grave, your soul may go out into eternity unhonored and unattended, torn by the thorns of dark despair. The life is more than silver or gold; greater than earth. Write: "Put not j-our trust in man! " He may compliment, respect and love you, but cannot safely pass you over the dark chasm of death. If, as with Grant, nations do you honor, they issue no ticket for the mansion house on high. Write: "Trust not in letters! " For when you shall have taken all the fossilized facts of earth's history, and swept the ocean's cabinets, and have sat you down in life's evening, to listen to the music of the spheres, you have only read the preface of the saints' book; and not a star will give the key tO' eternity's first chapter. EESPECT OUR LANGUAGE. 267 "Farther on! Oh, how much farther? Count the mile-stones, one by one; No, not counting, only trusting; It is better farther on." Be true and spotless; for there is nothing higher, in earth or sky, than a pure soul, conscious of being right with its Maker. Before you can ever hear the "Well done," you must do well. Therefore let the sons and daughters of this gen- eration stand by these institutions until the nations of the earth respect our language, honor our flag, and cease to employ any other language or unfurl any other flag on these shores. NATIONS WITHOUT BIBLES A Christian is the highest style of a man. — Young. This world is but the rugged road, Which leads us to the bright abode, Of peace above; So let us choose that narrow way Which leads no traveller's foot astray From realms above. LongfelCou So, comrades, let no thought deter Forgiveness while we live; For, O, 'tis human-like to err. But God-like to forgive. — Barker. For blessings ever wait on virtuous deeds. And though a late, a sure reward succeeds. — Congreve. (cOIiXX.) CHAPTER XVIII. NATIONS WITHOUT BIBLES. " Go, inquire of the Lord for me, and for them that are left in Israel and in Judah, concerning the words of the book that is found; for great is the wrath of the Lord that is poured out upon us because our fathers have not kept the word of the Lord, to do after all that is written in this Book."— 3 Chron. 34: 21. The fact of suffering on account of the sins of others is not a matter of surprise to those who study the relation of cause and effect. Even those who reject the doctrine set forth in the story of the fall of man must, nevertheless, acknowledge that present conditions are in large measure the legitimate re- sult of the deeds of other men and other ages. The deplorable state to which Israel had fallen at the time this command was issued, was but a natural consequence of sin and neglect on the part of pre- ceding generations. Hezekiah, who died about seventy-five years be- fore this time, had left the kingdom in a most happy and prosperous condition. The temple worship was in its glory; the priests were pure in heart and life, and the people were virtuous and contented; but at Hezekiah's death, Manasseh, whose heart was evil, (271) 272 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR, came into power, and during a reign of fifty-five years, he did what he could to overthrow the wor- ship of God at Jerusaleru. He planted groves and dedicated them to the abominable practices of idola- trous worship, built altars to Baal, filled the very courts of the temple of God with graven images, and flung aside the Book of the Divine Law as un- worthy of obedience or regard, so that from contin- ued neglect, it was finally lost amid dust and rubbish and completely forgotten. Upon the death of Manasseh, Ammon, his son, suc- ceeded him, and pursued a similar course, with the increased vigor that youth supplies, until his career was cut short by insurrection and murder, when the people made Josiah, his son, king. Josiah was but a child when he came to the throne, but under the care of the high-priest he became a model prince, and did many things worthy of his exalted and responsible position. For more than half a century the regular forms of worship had not been followed, and the people chosen of God to bring in the era of enlightenment and salvation, had wandered into idolatry and superstition, without guide or chart. The written form of worship given to the king had been destroyed. The ark, with its copy of the law, had been removed. For fifty-seven years the priests had failed to read the law to the people, and speedy ruin was prophesied concerning the nation. Josiah, as soon as he was old enough to act for "INQUIRE OF THE LORD." 273 himself, took the most vigorous measures to clear his kingdom of idolatry, and re establish the religion of the true God. He cut down the idolatrous groves; broke in pieces and burnt to ashes the heathen im- ages, and expelled from his kingdom all witches and enchanters. He then set about the repairing of the temple, with a view to the restoration of the true worship and the proper ceremonies and observ- ances of the law. It was while engaged in this pious work that the Book of the Law was discovered and brought forth from the place where it had lain con- cealed since the accession of Manassch. It was placed in the hands of a scribe who showed it to the king and read it in his presence. Josiah was greatly astonished when he heard the words of the Book of the Law, and realized how far Israel had departed from the ordinances of God; and he immediately gave to the high priest and others the command that we have quoted as our text: '* Go, inquire of the Lord for mc and for them that are left in Israel and in Judah, concerning the words of the book that is found; for great is the wrath of the Lord that is poured out upon us, because our fathers have not kept the word of the Lord, to do after all that is written in this book." None can afford to put away this book. History shows very clearly what the result must be. We have only to recall the condition of those nations and tribes who have permitted it to be set aside. Israel suffered for this sin, and was punished more 274 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR severely and more frequently for it, than for all other sins; indeed, neo;lect of the Book and viola- tion of its precepts is the secret of all national calamities. No book of the past or present has wielded such measureless power for good, or has held a place of such unquestioned influence among all nations where it has been known. No book has had to meet and conquer so many unscrupulous enemies. No book has come forth from the conflict so unscarred by the fires of hatred and the assaults of skepticism a.g this book, the Bible — the Word of the Living God. The tempests have shrieked around it, and over it, and the floods have beaten against it, but have not been able to overthrow it. Its founda- tion is sure; and in spite of time and storm it stands unmoved and immovable forever. Without some book with claims of supernatural authority there will be many gods, and a nation given to idolatry is on the road to ruin; for, with idolatry there must come corruption of morals, and the practice of those vices that destroy alike individ- uals and nations. This one evil of idolatry has occasioned and perpetuated more wars and bloodier ones than all other evils combined. To-day those nations and kingdoms that have not the Bible are, from this cause, being borne on a resistless tide to de>truction. But loss of the Book involves more than loss of national security, and of divine authority; it takes with it the incentive to study and the disposition to A FREE BIBLE. 275 acquire knowledge, and plunges men and nations into doubt and ignorance; while, on the other hand, the free circulation of the Bible is invariably associ- ated with general intelligence and enterprise. Look, for example, at Scotland, that land of sturdy virtue and fidelity to principle, whose people read the Book and make it their study. Here you find not only loyalty, but intelligence. No better people come to our shores. They are easily Americanized, for their intelligence shows them at once the value of our free institutions; and they become hearty in their support of all our sys- tems of government. The southern })ortion of the island of Great Bri- tain i)resents a similar illustration of the influence of God's Word in the hands of the people. England has always had a Bible substantially free; at least this has been so for many hundreds of years; and you will find, accordinglj', a very large amount of popular intelligence among the people of England. It is not strange, therefore, that you also find there a republic; not under the forms of a repuljlic, but Avith all its essential characteristics. Horace White of the Chicago Tribune^ a keen and practical ob- server of public afiairs, writes in the Fortnigldly Review^ that England is more thoroughly a rei)ul)- lic to-day, than America. She could not be so were it not for the popular intelligence which is diifused among her masses, illustrating again the influence of a free and open Bible. 276 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. We may visit also the other constitutional govern- ments of Em'ope. Let us enter Prussia, and there what do we find? A government at times some- wdiat harsh, and yet a government built upon the principles of constitutional liberty; we find a parlia- ment which cannot be intimidated; and a press which cannot be muzzled in the interest of oppression ; and we also find that from the time of Martin Luther, the Bible has had free course throuo;h all northern Germany. German}', accordingly, has become the home of popular intelligence. Eighty-five per cent, of the population of Germany read. Only fifteen per cent, of all the millions of Prussia are ignorant of their letters. But pass over into France, a country in which the masses of the people have but little acquaintance with the Bible, and Ave find thirty-three per cent, of the population unable to read or write. Is it any wonder that a people surging with life and en- ergy, but in ignorance, should have so turbulent a history? Cross the Alps, and Italy presents even a darker picture. Until recently, under the influence of the Popes, Bible Societies were suppressed, copies of the Scriptures were confiscated and their circula- tion prohibited. About seventy-five per cent, of the adult population in 1866 were unable to read or write. More recently, however, there has been a marked improvement; greater freedom in the circu- lation of the Bible and a corresponding increase in the intelligence of the people. PRIESTCRAFT AND FANATICISM. 277 In Naples, where the Bible has been most rigidly excluded through the influence of the priesthood and the fanaticism of the people, less than fifteen per cent, can read, Spain is very little better under the dominion of priestcraft and fanaticism. Until very recently the Bible was excluded from the kingdom, and with it popular education, and apparently even the desire of knowledge was also shut out, so that only about twenty per cent, of that naturally brave and enter- prising people are able to read and write. Upon these facts I make no comment. A free use of the Bible has always given universal intelli- gence. An open Bible, an honored Bible, is the very best guarantee of popular intelligence which any land has ever had. Wherever the Book is given to the people, and brought into contact with the youth, in that coun- try you will find schools, colleges and universities; and wherever it is put under ban, kept from the schools, and out of the hands of the masses, there the people become ignorant and superstitious. Tell me why Italy, once the world's mistress, must employ other teachers, artisans and artists to- day? Why wait the heathen for Christians to build their railroads, bridges and factories? Ah, thank God, England, Scotland, Holland and America found the Book, and gave it to their people, and it has made them intelligent, wealthy and powerful. 278 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. It is saiil that Lord Nelson, when dying, told those about him that if they would examine his heart they would find written all over it the cry : " More fri- gates! more frigates!" These words expressed his most intense desire, in the hour of his greatest extremity. So, when I con- sider what this Book will do for the individual soul, the comnuniity, the state, the nation and the whole world, I would voice the restless, l)ut often inarticu- late cry of humanity: "More Bibles! more Bibles!" There is an old story of an Indian prince who sent to Queen Victoria for an explanation of En- gland's greatness. The Queen gave the messenger a Bible, and said: " Tell your prince that this is the secret of England's prosperity." On this foundation rests the future of our beloved land. Happy, we, when our rulers shall issue a proclamation like that of our text! Once prove that the Bible is to be driven from our country, and the common people denied the privilege of perusing its sacred pages, and I bid farewell to the schools that now dot the land as stars in the blue sky. Once convince me that Catholicism is to reign and rule in this land, and I despair of the Republic; for I have read the story of Jndah under the rule of Manasseh, and the sad history of her children. I have read the history of Austria, Spain, Italy, France, Mexico and South America; and I know of the boasts, threats and plans of the vigilant agents of the Romish hierarchy. The same spirit DOWN TO DOUBT AND DEATU. 279 that drove Christ from the homes and out of the temple of old, is at work to-day in onr large cities, to drive from the schools the Bible and all books of biblical thought. I know that many have lost confidence in the Book because of false interpretations, until they talk of it as of other books, and treat the great themes of human accountability and destiny with inconsiderate and ill-timed flippancy. I know that thousands are being borne on the apologetic stream down to doubt and death. In our own city, a gentleman, once of real Chris- tian strength and courage, and an active worker in the Church of God, having followed a rehgious entertainer for a few years, now says: "The religions of Christ, Buddha, Mohammed and others, all have the same authority; and none of them has any real claim on men of this age. The old Bible has no claim above other books." But this is not the conviction of the silent, think- ing spirit in moments of trouble. Some months since, a missionary in an Indian jail, pleading with the convTtrts, asked them if they had a Bible; none made a reply, until a poor fellow, a murderer, spoke up and said: "I had one, but I sold it for drink. It was my companion in youth. O, that I had list- ened to and followed its teachings; then I should not have been here. " We need to do all in our power to maintain and 280 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. spread a feeling of confidence in the claims of the Book, as the only infallible guide. A few years ago, a man, having reached, by the aid of his guide, a mountain peak, became exhilar- ated by the rarified atmosphere; he dismissed his guide and attempted to return alone. His companions proceeded without him, and after waiting a long tmie, resolved to go in search of him; but soon returned, bringing a mangled form. So it will be with all who, having climbed the height of Christian civilization, shall give up the guide. Once destroy confidence in the Book, and darkness begins. No greater calamity could possibly come to our land, than that a generation should grow up in doubt of the Book's value. But I am hopeful. I believe in God ; and in His ability to enlighten all minds and touch all hearts. He who preserved the law in the rubbish for fifty- seven years; He who broke the seal of the tomb in the 16th century and bade the Book come forth, still lives and knows how to win in this fio^ht. Some day He will speak, and men will cry out: " It is God!" All animated nature speaks of God. The universe is vocal with His praise. The heavens display His handiwork. Sun, moon and stars declare His glory: "For ever singing as they shine, The hand that made us is divine." History is God manifesting Himself. God had a part in the laying of the foundation on which this "CLING TO THE BIBLE." 281 great nation is builded; for, before the Pilgrims landed from the Mayflower, as if moved by Divine inspiration, they unanimously adopted the following constitution: "In the name of God, Amen, we, hav- ing undertaken for the glory of God, and advance- ment of the Christian faith, to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these pres- ents solemnly and mutually, in the presence of God and of one another, covenant and agree." Then follows a governmental code as near to the spirit of the New Testament as it was possible for men to make it. Judge Story, whose legal decisions and comment- aries have made him renowned in all lands, in a remarkable address on ' ' The History and Influence of the Puritans," finds in the Bible, as believed and proclaimed by the Fathers, the primary and perma- nent source of our laws, and sa3\s: "Let us cling with holy zeal to the Bible and to the Bible only." Will we not remember, then, while we rejoice, as we have a right to do, in the wisdom, equity and benefi- cence of our jurisprudence — will we not remember that our grateful obligation for all this is due to the Divine Book? As I stood a few years ago in the town hall at old Plymouth, and read these words: "The safety and piH'ity of society rests, as it always has rested, with the believers of Christianity," my soul cried out, "It is of God." From the Bible, thus penetrative and obligatory, came our legislation. 282 AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. There is no chapter in our history more inter- esting to trace than the controlling influence of the Bible in the growth of our jurisprudence. Surely, the words of Bancroft here find corroboration, that every enterprise of the Pilgrims began from God. You all remember Macaulay's brilliant and wonder- ful apostrophe to the Puritans, in which he magni- fies their love of the Bible as the implicit guide of life, and as the adjudicator of all diflerences. But the calmest observer and most dispassionate critic of our institutions was the distinguished De Tocque- ville, who has written so hopefully of our early his- tory. "Puritanism," says he, "was scarcely less a political, than a religious doctrine. In the history of the first legislation of the Pilgrims, you have most practical evidence of the source from which they drew." The people are reading the Book more than ever before in the history of the race. It has not lost its vitality. Think of a Chicago daily paper printing from telegraphic communication the whole of the New Testament. Think of the effort, the successful eflbrt, now being made to make a part of it the course in all our literary institutions. Think of the schools instituted for the purpose of studying the Book. It is only within the last twenty years that Chris- tian workers seem to have realized the importance of this subject; and during that period more people have been engaged in the study of God's Word than during any one hundred years of the world's prior •'MIRROR OF DIVINITY." 283 history. We can only account for the emancipa- tion of the Christian world from the meshes of su- perstition, by the fact that an open and free Bible is being studied by the people, as well as by the priests. That the safety of the nation will be greatly promoted by its study, is shown by its results in our own land during the last fifty years. '■^By their fruits shall ye knoAV them" is as true of nations as of individuals. England and America i»re bright ex- amples of the effect of the Word upon the masses. Germany and Italy have also felt its power. Even parts of India, China, and many of the isles of the sea, are being transformed by its hallowed teachings. When all are taught, we may look for better rulers. They will seek wise counsellors. Josiah called men and women of God to the hiffhest offices. So with all who are imbued with the spirit of this Book. The study of the Bible is the hope of the church, because it unites all its branches in one grand cfl'ort to save the world; because it enables Christians to realize that Christ is the true vine, and all its dis- ciples, by whatsoever name called, are the branches. ''The Bible is the mirror of Divinity, the rightful regent of the world. Other books are planets, shin- ing with reflected lustre; this book, like the sun, shines wath an ancient and unborrowed light. Other books may be forgotten in the universe, but when suns go down and disappear like bubbles in the stream, this Book, transferred to a higher clime, 28-i AMERICA'S NEXT WAR. shall shine as the brightness of that eternal firma- ment, and as those brighter stars which are for ever and ever." Whether, then, we view the subject as church-mem- bers or citizens, as Christians or patriots, let us en- courage the earnest study of the Word. And while we have in view the hope of the church and the safety of the nation, like Moses, we may also "have respect unto the recompense of the reward" which awaits the faithful teacher of God's Word. Doubt, and even despair, may sometimes take hold of us, especially if we chance to have under our charge one who seems to be incorrigible. But let us remember that "They that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. " Then let us join in a sacred covenant to teach the Word of God to those who are to be rulers of the church and nation. Is our Christianity "an empty name— a barren speculation — oris it a vital princi- pled' Do we believe that the Bible is the revealed will of God? Do we believe that by its teachings a fountain may bo opened whose streams will per- meate society, and send forth rich blessings to the race — that will reform perverted public opinion, ele- vate society, arrest corruption, and inculcate the principles of purity and righteousness? I greatly rejoice in the work accomplished by the American Bible Society, and in the financial condi- tion of the society. It shows that the people believe "MY GRAND OLD BOOK." 285 in the Book and in the work of scattering it among the people. I listened with pleasure and interest to a gentle- man from Jerusalem, as he gave a description of his native land. I was moved to think I was listening to a man whose feet had trodden its streets, and whose eyes had seen its temple. But come with me, and listen while God speaks of the New Jerusalem built for us, and gives the people to know their possible home, God forbid that we should ever speak a word, or lift a hand that shall in the least unsettle the confi- dence of the young in the Book, as the Word of God. "My Book, my Book, my grand old Book, Heaven speed thee on thy way. From pole to pole, as ages roll. The harbinger of day; Till Christ, the Light, shall banish night From this terrestrial ball. And earth shall see her jubilee, And God be all in all." [the end.] HOME^Ni^SOClAL LIFE, By H. W. BOLTON. Author of "The SotiV s Crv^ "Our Fallen Heroes,'''' "America' s Next War," and " KLiiuniswiiics of the Late War,'" Etc. "This volume should be on every center-table and in every library. There is not a stale or drowsy page in it. It is as brisk andbreecy, as en- livening and entertaining, as the best pages of Scott or Moore. Every mem- ber of the family, from the sn >w-crowned sire to "Baby Tot." will be in- terested in it. It is a domestic idyl, an epic of parental and filial affection; the Matthew, Mark, Luke and John of the Gospel of Home. If you would hallow the sacred precincts of home, if you would endear the hearthstone and the family board, if yon would intensify the bond of love and make home a place where angels would delight to dwell, and, if you would so fill the hou«e of your habitation with light brighter than thatof the sun. perfume rarer than the breath of heliotrope and mignonette, japonicacrrhododen- dron, and with the incense of love sweeter than the honey of Paradise, so that children will regret to leave awd always return with joy, follow the teaching of Hoke and Social Life, and you will arcomplish the de- sire of your heart."— John Merritte Driver, Preacher, Authorand Lecturer. "A beautiful and profitable gift, which will preserve its value and in- terest long after the festival hours of the year have fled. No more useful gift could be bestowed to the yoi.ng or old people of the family circle," — Zion's Herald, Boston. "With its sweet, yet practical thoughts of home and home-like, it is one of the few books of the present day that can be read with real profit and pleasure by every one." — Bellows Falls, Vt. Times. "The Doctor stands at the door of the book to welcome you * * * smiling and full of soul, with great heartedness and good nature. * * * The home like feeling and flavor pervading every chapter, from the "recollections of childhood" to the concluding thoughts, must do good wherever the book may go \— J. W. Hamilton, D. D., Boston, Maes. "The living sympathy of the writer is sure to move the heart of many a reader, sure fruit will be garnered in coming days." — George Whit- aker, D . D. , Somerville, Mass. "Dr. Bolton has touched the soul of life in these graphic sketches. * * * None, who desire to give life its grandest coloring, can read this book without being stirred with the determination to so govern them- selves that their own hearts shall be more musicful. their associates more joyful, and home more heavenful '—George D. Lindsay, Portland, Maine. 248 pages, bound in cloth, gilt lettering and edges; PRICE, 75 CTS., POST PAID. Address all orders to H. W. BOLTON, 409 Monroe Street, - CHICAGO, ILL. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. REnJCD-ORB ^■^^sfflt hrmn Form L9-Series 4939 AA 000 629 371 6 BX 1^+06 B659a mrnm^m^^^Mm