UC-NRLF 
 
 701 
 
REESE LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 -Received 
 
 'Xy , 
 
 Accessions No. V/^/J Shelf No. 
 
 
 &^ 
 
DISTRIBUTARY 
 
 VELOCITY AND DISCHABGE 
 
 TABLES, 
 
 COMPUTED FOR THE N, W, PROVINCES IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT 
 UNDER SUPERINTENDENCE OF 
 
 CAPT. ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, R,E, 
 
 ROORKEE: 
 FEINTED AT THE THOMASON CIVIL ENGINEERING COLLEGE PRESS. 
 
 JAMES JOHNSTON, SUPERINTENDENT. 
 
 1878. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 BY MAJOR W. JEFFREYS, R.E. 
 
 OPINIONS are divided as to the pitch with which the inner slopes of 
 distributaries should be made. In the Punjab a slope of lj to 1 is 
 adopted, while in North West Provinces 1 to 1 is preferred, chiefly for 
 economical reasons. For very light soils, the former of these is of course 
 the stronger construction, but an officer of irrigation experience is able to 
 distinguish between a rajbaha newly made, and one that has settled down 
 into an irrigating line. Whatever slope is adopted in construction, it is 
 found that this cannot be advantageously maintained after the channel 
 has been in use for some time. A distributary at the close of an irriga- 
 ting season invariably assumes the following shape, except when the soil 
 is impregnated with reh. When the time for clearance comes round, the 
 
 3 ' 3 / 3 
 
 Engineer in charge, if he is wise, will not attempt to restore the original 
 section which is opposed to the form that nature adopts. It is only waste 
 of money to dig away the long slopes which are soon re covered with silt, 
 while in theory it does not afford a maximum hydraulic depth which it is 
 the great object to attain in channels ^with low velocities. The custom 
 on Ganges Canal Distributaries is to trim off the slope at ^ to 1, as 
 shown by thick dotted lines 5, cd, in the figure ; and this in practice is 
 found to conform more closely to the average working section than any 
 other. To arrive then approximately at any thing like the working re- 
 sults, the discharge tables employed by the rajbaha designer should be 
 based on these conditions. 
 
 The foregoing is intended to explain the reason for introducing the 
 present set of Tables. 
 
 W. J. 
 
DISTRIBUTARY VELOCITY AND DISCHARGE TABLES 
 FOR SIDE SLOPES OF 1 TO 2. 
 
 Computed for the N. W. P. Irrigation Department, under superintendence 
 O/CAPT. ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, R.E., Hony. Fell, of King's Coll. Lon. 
 
 THESE Tables have been computed from the following data and formula? : 
 
 Data, Required, 
 
 Channel, earthen. A = Area in square feet. 
 
 Section, trapezoidal. R = Hydraulic Mean Depth in feet. 
 
 Side-slopes of 1 to 2, i.e., * horizontal. V = Mean Velocity in feet per second. 
 
 2 vertical. D Discharge in cubic feet per second. 
 1 = bed-width in feet. 
 
 d = depth of water in feet. C = Coeffici ^t in formula V = 
 f = fall of channel in 5,000 feet in feet. 
 
 Formulae used in computation. 
 
 b + 2-236068d 
 2R 
 
 = / -00008533 
 
 The formula for V is modified (to a form suited for computation) from one given 
 in the "Professional Papers on Indian Engineering", [First Series], No. CXCVIL, 
 (by the late Lieut-Colonel J. C. Anderson, R.E.), 4th type of Table I., 
 
 H = -00035 (-2438+ -L) 
 
 as suitable for channels whose " Bed and Sides are of earth." This formula is simply 
 adapted to English measures from that given by M. Bazin in his " Recherches Expe- 
 rimentales sur 1' ecoulement de 1'eau dans les canaux decouverts." 
 
 The Coefficient-C (which forms the last column of the Tables) is simply the 
 
 square root of the reciprocal of -00035 (-2438 + ),sothatU = C . v/RI^ whence 
 also 
 
 [These Table have been prepared throughout by two* independent computers. 
 The numbers in the columns of " Areas " are exact. The numbers in the columns of 
 R, V, D, C were in every case computed to at least one, and sometimes three, more 
 decimals than are now printed ; and the first differences were examined by the Author 
 himself. 
 
 From the regularity of these differences, it is believed that the last figure does not 
 err by more than 2 in any column. 
 
 A. C. 
 
 Mr, A. Hall and Bibii Hari Singh. 
 
 No. 11419. 
 
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