D 711 
 
DEC 27 
 GIFT 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Class 
 
VIRGINIA 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS 
 
 CODIFIED FOR THE 
 
 USE OF SCHOOL OFFICERS 
 
 BY ORDER OF THE 
 
 STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 To be Preserved by Each Officer and Delivered to His Successor 
 
 RICHMOND : 
 
 CLYDE W. SAUNDERS, PRINTER, 
 1910. 
 
La 
 
 First "of" in line 4, regulation 55, should read or.. 
 
 In regulation 62 "effect" should read affect 
 
 Words "and contracted with" In line 6, regulation 65, should read 
 
 and terms of contract with prescribed 
 
 The second line of regulation 68 is out of place and follows the 
 
 first line of sub-section 8 of regulation 69 on page 160 159 
 
 In regulation 92 "eighty-nine" should read ninety-one 165 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Constitutional Provisions 7 
 
 PUBLIC FREE SCHOOL LAW : 
 
 Of Public Free Schools in counties, and of the Literary Fund 15 
 
 Of Public Free Schools in cities and in towns constituting separate 
 
 school districts 133 
 
 Regulations of the Board of Education 141 
 
 Index . 177 
 
 225457 
 
PREFACE 
 
 While this edition of the school law possesses no authority 
 independent of the sources from which it was compiled, its pub- 
 lication by the Board of Education makes the work authoritative 
 as a guide to school officers. 
 
 The act of Assembly which gave the school system organic 
 life was approved July 11, 1870. The history of subsequent leg- 
 islation affecting the schools can be readily traced from chapters 
 LXVI and LXVII of the Codes of Virginia 1887 and 1904, which 
 constitute the basis of the "Public Free School Law." 
 
 The text of the Pollard's Code of 1904 has been followed, 
 except in so far as it has been modified by legislation since its 
 publication. Acts of Assembly passed subsequent to that date 
 (1904) are incorporated with the original law. 
 
 All acts of a local character are omitted and only such acts 
 pertaining to State institutions of higher learning have been in- 
 cluded as are of interest to the school officials at large. 
 
 The compiler has endeavored to arrange the matter for the 
 convenience of school officers, without regard to the order in 
 which it is printed in the Code. Some recent regulations have been 
 added out of regular order on page 168 and those that follow. 
 
 It is the duty of every school officer receiving a copy of the 
 law to preserve it carefully, and to transmit it to his successor in 
 office. 
 
 J. D. EGGLESTON, JK., 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 
 RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, 
 
 November 15. 1910. 
 
Constitutional Provisions 
 
 1. Oath to be prescribed. Members of the General Assembly 
 and all officers, executive and judicial, elected or appointed after 
 this Constitution goes into effect, shall, before they enter on the 
 performance of their public duties, severally take and subscribe 
 the following oath or affirmation: 
 
 "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Con- 
 stitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State 
 of Virginia ordained by the Convention which assembled in the 
 city of Richmond on the twelfth day of June, nineteen hundred 
 and one, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and 
 perform all the duties incumbent on me as , accord- 
 ing to the best of my ability; so help me God." (Sec. 34) 
 
 2. Bonds of officers handling State funds. All State officers, 
 and their deputies, assistants or employees, charged with the col- 
 lection, custody, handling or disbursement of public funds, shall 
 be required to give bond for the faithful performance of such 
 duties ; the amount of such bond in each case, and the manner in 
 which security shall be furnished, to be specified and regulated by 
 law. (Sec. 85) 
 
 3. Magisterial districts, supervisors, etc. The magisterial dis- 
 tricts shall, until changed by law, remain as now constituted: pro- 
 vided, that hereafter no additional districts shall be made contain- 
 ing less than thirty square miles. In each district there shall be 
 elected by the qualified voters thereof, one supervisor. The super- 
 visors of the district shall constitute the board of supervisors of 
 the county, which shall meet at stated periods and at other times 
 as often as may be necessary, lay the county and district levies, 
 pass upon all claims against the county, subject to such appeal 
 as may be provided by law, and perform such duties as may be 
 required by law. (Sec. Ill) 
 
 4. Concerning the bonded indebtedness of cities and towns, 
 No city or town shall issue any bonds or other interest-bearing 
 obligations for any purpose, or in any manner, to an amount which, 
 including existing indebtedness, shall at any time exceed eigh- 
 teen per centum of the assessed valuation of the real estate in 
 
8 
 
 the city or town subject to taxation, as shown by the last pre- 
 ceding assessment for taxes: provided, however, that nothing 
 above contained in this section shall apply to those cities and 
 towns whose charters existing at the adoption of this Constitution 
 authorize a larger percentage of indebtedness than is authorized 
 by this section; and provided further, that in determining the 
 limitation of the power of a city or town to incur indebtedness 
 there shall not be included the following classes of indebtedness: 
 
 (a) Certificates of indebtedness, revenue bonds or other obli- 
 gations issued in anticipation of the collection of the revenue of 
 such city or town for the then current year: provided, that such 
 certificates, bonds or other obligations mature within one year 
 from the date of their issue, and be not past due, and do not ex- 
 ceed the revenue for such year. 
 
 (b) Bonds authorized by an ordinance enacted in accordance 
 with section one hundred and twenty-three, and approved by the 
 affirmative vote of the majority of the qualified voters of the city 
 or town voting upon the question of their issuance, at the general 
 election next succeeding the enactment of the ordinance, or at a 
 special election held for that purpose, for a supply of water or 
 other specific undertaking from which the city or town may de- 
 rive a revenue; but from and after a period to be determined by 
 the council, not exceeding five years from the date of such elec- 
 tion, whenever and for so long as such undertaking fails to pro- 
 duce sufficient revenue to pay for cost of operation and adminis- 
 tration (including interest on bonds issued therefor, and the co 
 of insurance- against loss by injury to persons or property), and 
 an annual amount to be covered into a sinking fund sufficient to 
 pay, at or before maturity, all bonds issued on account of said un- 
 dertaking, all such bonds outstanding shall be included in determ- 
 ining the limitation of the power to incur indebtedness, unless the 
 principal and interest thereof be made payable exclusively from 
 the receipts of the undertaking. (Sec. 127) 
 
 EDUCATION AND PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 
 
 5. Free schools to be maintained. The General Assembly 
 shall establish and maintain an efficient system of public free 
 schools throughout the State. (Sec. 129) 
 
 6. State board of education, composition; vacancies, how filled. 
 The general supervision of the school system shall be vested in 
 
a State Board of Education, composed of the Governor, Attorney- 
 General, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and three experi- 
 enced educators, to be elected quadrennially by the Senate, from a 
 list of eligibles, consisting of one from each of the faculties, and 
 nominated by the respective boards of visitors or trustees of the 
 University of Virginia, the Virginia Military Institute, the Vir- 
 ginia Polytechnic Institute, the State Female Normal School at 
 Farmville, the School for the Deaf and Blind, and also of the 
 College of William and Mary so long as the State continues its 
 annual appropriation to the last named institution. 
 
 The board thus constituted shall select and associate with 
 itself two division superintendents of schools, one from a county 
 and the other from a city, who shall hold office for two years, 
 and whose powers and duties shall be identical with those of other 
 members, except that they shall not participate in the appointment 
 of any public school official. 
 
 Any vacancy occurring during the term of any member of the 
 board shall be filled for the unexpired term by said board. (Sec. 
 130) 
 
 7. Superintendent of Public Instruction, how elected, term of 
 office; how vacancy filled; duties. The Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction, who shall be an experienced educator, shall be elected 
 by the qualified voters of the State at the same time and for the 
 same term as the Governor. Any vacancy in said office shall be 
 filled for the unexpired term by the said board. 
 
 His duties shall be prescribed by the State Board of Educa- 
 tion, of which he shall be ex-officio president; and his compensa- 
 tion shall be fixed by law. (Sec. 131) 
 
 8. Powers and duties of State Board of Education. The duties 
 and powers of the State Board of Education shall be as follows : 
 
 First. It may, in its discretion, divide the State into appro- 
 priate school divisions, comprising not less than one county or 
 city each, but no county or city shall be divided in the formation 
 of such divisions. It shall, subject to the confirmation of the Senate,, 
 appoint, for each of such divisions, one superintendent of schools, 
 who shall hold office for four years, and shall prescribe his duties, 
 and may remove him for cause and upon notice. 
 
 Second. It shall have, regulated by law, the management andL 
 investment of the school fund. 
 
 Third. It shall have authority to make all needful rules and 
 regulations for the management and conduct of the schools, which, 
 
10 
 
 when published and distributed, shall have the force and effect 
 of law, subject to the authority of the General Assembly to re- 
 vise, amend, or repeal the same. 
 
 Fourth. It shall select text books and educational appliances 
 for use in the schools of the State, exercising such discretion as 
 it may see fit in the selection of books suitable for the schools in 
 the cities and counties, respectively. 
 
 Fifth. It shall appoint a board of directors, consisting of five 
 members, to serve without compensation, which shall have the 
 management of the State Library, and the appointment of a libra- 
 rian and other employees thereof, subject to such rules and regu- 
 lations as the General Assembly shall prescribe; but the Supreme 
 Court of Appeals shall have the management of the law library and 
 the appointment of the librarian and other employees thereof. 
 (Sec. 132) 
 
 9. School districts; school trustees. Each magisterial district 
 shall constitute a separate school district, unless otherwise pro- 
 vided by law. In each school district there shall be three trustees 
 selected, in the manner and for the term of office prescribed by 
 law. (Sec. 133) 
 
 10. The literary fund. The General Assembly shall set apart 
 ;as a permanent and perpetual literary fund the present literary 
 fund of the State; the proceeds of all public lands donated by 
 Congress for public free school purposes; of all escheated property; 
 of all waste and unappropriated lands; of all property accruing 
 to the State by forfeiture, and all fines collected for offences com- 
 mitted against the State, and such other sums as the General As- 
 sembly may appropriate. (Sec. 134) 
 
 11. Appropriations for school purposes; school age. The Gen- 
 eral Assembly shall apply the annual interest on the literary 
 fund; that portion of the capitation tax provided for in the Con- 
 stitution to be paid into the State treasury, and not returnable 
 to the counties and cities; and an annual tax on property of not 
 less than one nor more than five mills on the dollar to the schools 
 of the primary and grammar grades, for the equal benefit of all 
 of the people of the State, to be apportioned on a basis of school 
 population; the number of children between the ages of seven and 
 twenty years in each school district to be the basis of such appor- 
 tionment; but if at any time the several kinds or classes of prop- 
 erty shall be segregated for the purposes of taxation, so as to specify 
 -and determine upon what subjects State taxes and upon what sub- 
 
11 
 
 jects local taxes may be levied, then the General Assembly may 
 otherwise provide for a fixed appropriation of State revenue to 
 the support of the schools not less than that provided in this sec- 
 tion. (Sec. 135) 
 
 12. Local school taxes. Each county, city, town (if the same 
 be a separate school district), and school district is authorized to 
 raise additional sums by a tax on property, not to exceed in the 
 aggregate five mills on the dollar in any one year, to be appor- 
 tioned and expended by the local school authorities of said coun- 
 ties, cities, towns and districts in establishing and maintaining 
 such schools as in their judgment the public welfare may require: 
 provided, that such primary schools as may be established in any 
 school year shall be maintained at least four months of that school 
 year before any part of the fund assessed and collected may be 
 devoted to the establishment of schools of higher grade. The 
 boards of supervisors of the several counties, and the councils of 
 the several cities and towns, if the same be separate school dis- 
 tricts, shall provide for the levy and collection of such local school 
 taxes. (Sec. 136) 
 
 13. Agricultural, normal, manual training, and technical 
 schools. The General Assembly may establish agricultural, nor- 
 mal, manual training and technical schools, and such grades of 
 schools as shall be for the public good. (Sec. 137) 
 
 14. Compulsory education; exceptions. The General Assem- 
 bly may, in its discretion, provide for the compulsory education of 
 children between the ages of eight and twelve years, except such 
 as are weak m body or mind, or can read and write, or are attend- 
 ing private schools, or are excused for cause by the district school 
 trustees. (Sec. 138) 
 
 15. Free text-books. Provision shall be made to supply chil- 
 dren attending the public schools with the necessary text-books in 
 cases where the parent or guardian is unable, by reason of poverty, 
 to furnish them. (Sec. 139) 
 
 16. Mixed schools prohibited. White and colored children shall 
 not be taught in the same school. (Sec. 140) 
 
 17. State appropriations prohibited to schools or institutions 
 of learning not owned or exclusively controlled by State or some 
 subdivision thereof; exceptions to rule. No appropriation of pub- 
 lic funds shall be made to any school or institution of learning 
 not owned or exclusively controlled by the State or some political 
 subdivision thereof: provided, first, that the General Assembly may, 
 
in its discretion, continue the appropriations to the College of WiJ- 
 liam and Mary; second, that this section shall not be construed as 
 requiring or prohibiting the continuance or discontinuance by the 
 General Assembly of the payment of interest on certain bonds held 
 by certain schools and colleges as provided by an act of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly approved February twenty-third, eighteen hundred 
 and ninety-two, relating to bonds held by schools and colleges; 
 third, that counties, cities, towns, and districts may make appro- 
 priations to non-sectarian schools of manual, industrial, or techni- 
 cal training, and also to any school or institution of learning owned 
 or exclusively controlled by such county, city, town, or school 
 district. (Sec. 141) 
 
 18. Boards of visitors and trustees of educational institutions; 
 how appointed, and term of office. Members of the boards of 
 visitors or trustees of educational institutions shall be appointed 
 as may be provided by law, and shall hold for the term of four 
 years: provided, that at the first appointment, if the board be of 
 an even number, one-half of them, or, if of an odd number, the 
 least majority of them, shall be appointed for two y^ears. (Sec. 
 142) 
 
 TAXATION AND FINANCE 
 
 19. Taxable property; taxes shall be uniform as to class of 
 subjects and levied and collected under general laws. All prop- 
 erty, except as hereinafter provided, shall be taxed; all taxes, 
 whether State, local, or municipal, shall be uniform upon the same 
 class of subjects within the territorial limits of the authority levy- 
 ing the tax, and shall be levied and collected under general laws. 
 (Sec. 168) 
 
 20. Reassessments of real estate. The General Assembly shall 
 provide for a reassessment of real estate in the year nineteen hun- 
 dred and five and every fifth year thereafter, except that of rail- 
 way and canal corporations, which, after January the first, nine- 
 teen hundred and thirteen, may be assessed as the General Assem- 
 bly may provide. (Sec. 171) 
 
 21. State, county and municipal capitation taxes. The General 
 Assembly shall levy a State capitation tax of, and not exceeding, 
 one dollar and fifty cents per annum on every male resident of 
 the State not less than twenty-one years of age, except those pen- 
 sioned by this State for military services; one dollar of which 
 
13 
 
 shall be applied exclusively in aid of the public free schools, in 
 proportion to the school population, and the residue shall be re- 
 turned and paid by the State into the treasury of the county or 
 city in which it was collected, to be appropriated by the proper 
 county or city authorities to such county or city purposes as they 
 shall respectively determine; but said State capitation tax shall 
 not be a lien upon, nor collected by legal process from, the per- 
 sonal property which may be exempt from levy or distress under 
 the poor debtor's law. The General Assembly may authorize the 
 board of supervisors of any county, or the council of any city or 
 town, to levy an additional capitation tax not exceeding one dollar 
 per annum on every such resident within its limits, which shall be 
 applied in aid of the public schools of such county, city or town, 
 or for such other county, city or town purposes as they shall de- 
 termine. (Sec. 173) 
 
 22. Property exempt from taxation. Except as otherwise pro- 
 vided in this Constitution, the following property, and no other, 
 shall be exempt from taxation, State and local; but the General 
 Assembly may hereafter tax any of the property hereby exempted 
 save that mentioned in sub-section (a) : 
 
 (a) Property directly or indirectly owned by the State, how- 
 ever held, and property lawfully owned and held by counties, 
 cities, towns, or school districts, used wholly and exclusively for 
 county, city, town, or public school purposes, and obligations is- 
 sued by the State since the fourteenth day of February, eighteen 
 hundred and eighty-two, or hereafter exempted by law. 
 
 (d) Buildings, with the land they actually occupy, and the 
 furniture, furnishings, books and instruments therein, wholly de- 
 voted to educational purposes, belonging to and actually and ex- 
 clusively occupied and used by churches, public libraries, incorpo- 
 rated colleges, academies, industrial schools, seminaries, or other 
 incorporated institutions of learning, including the Virginia His- 
 torical Society, which are not corporations having shares of stock 
 or otherwise owned by individuals or other corporations; together 
 with such additional adjacent land owned by such churches, libra- 
 ries and educational institutions as may be reasonably necessary 
 for the convenient .use of such buildings, respectively; and also 
 the buildings thereon used as residences by the officers or instruc- 
 tors of such educational institutions; and also the permanent en- 
 
14 
 
 dowment funds held by such libraries and educational institutions 
 directly or in trust, and not invested in real estate: provided, that 
 such libraries and educational institutions are not conducted for 
 profit of any person or persons, natural or corporate, directly, or 
 under any guise or pretence whatsoever. But the exemption men- 
 tioned in this subsection shall not apply to any industrial school, 
 individual or corporate, not the property of the State, which 
 does work for compensation, or manufactures and sells articles 
 in the community in which such school is located: provided, that 
 nothing herein contained shall restrict any such school from doing 
 work for or selling its own products or any other articles to any 
 of its students or employees. 
 
 * * * (Parts of Sec. 183) 
 
Public Free School Law 
 
 [Code of Virginia, 1887, with subsequent amendments also- 
 Pollard's Code, 1904.1 
 
 OF PUBLIC FREE SCHOOLS FOR COUNTIES, AND OF THE 
 
 LITERARY FUND 
 
 UNIFORM SYSTEM OF PUBLIC FREE SCHOOLS 
 
 1. Efficient system of public free schools. An efficient system 
 of public free schools shall be established and maintained in all 
 the counties and towns of the State. (Code, Sec. 1427) 
 
 2. Authorities for administering system. The public free 
 school system shall be administered by the following authorities, 
 to-wit: A State Board of Education, a Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction, division superintendents of schools, and district and 
 county school boards. (Code, Sec. 1428) 
 
 3. State Board of Education. The State Board of Education 
 shall be a corporation by that name, and shall consist of the Gov- 
 ernor, the Attorney-General, the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion, and three experienced educators, to be elected quadrennially 
 by the Senate, from a list of eligibles, consisting of one from each 
 of the faculties, and nominated by the respective boards of visitors 
 or trustees of the University of Virginia, the Virginia Military In- 
 stitute, the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, the State Female Nor- 
 mal School at Farmville, the School for the Deaf and the Blind, 
 and also of the College of William and Mary (so long as the State 
 shall continue its annual appropriation to the last named institu- 
 tion), together with two division superintendents of schools, one 
 from a county and one from a city, to be selected by the board 
 composed of the Governor, the Attorney-General, the Superinten- 
 dent of Public Instruction, and three experienced educators elected 
 by the Senate as herein provided, said division superintendents to 
 have powers and duties identical with those of the other members, 
 except participation in the appointment of any public school offi- 
 cial. 
 
16 
 
 Terms of Members. The terms of the three members elected 
 by the Senate shall be four years, provided they continue so 
 long on the list of eligibles. The terms of those first elected shall 
 date from March one, one thousand nine hundred and three. The 
 Senate shall elect their successors at the session of the General 
 Assembly which begins next before the expiration of the term of 
 the members of the board so elected by the Senate, and so on from 
 term to term of the members so to be elected. 
 
 The terms of the two division superintendents first selected 
 after the passage of this act shall be two years from the first day 
 of April, nineteen hundred and seven, provided they hold the office 
 of division superintendent so long; and, within thirty days before 
 the expiration of their term every two years thereafter, the ap- 
 pointing board herein provided shall select their successors, whose 
 term shall be two years from the first day of April following their 
 appointment. The terms of those now in office shall continue un- 
 til the first day of April, nineteen hundred and seven. 
 
 Qualification. Before entering upon their duties, all the mem- 
 bers of the board, except the Governor, the Attorney-General, and 
 the Superintendent of Public Instruction, shall take and subscribe 
 the oaths prescribed by the Constitution before any officer author- 
 ized to administer oaths, and said officer shall certify the same; 
 a minute of their qualification shall be entered in the proceedings 
 of the board, and the oaths shall be returned as required by law 
 as to the oaths of other State officers. 
 
 Vacancies in the Board. Any vacancy occurring during the 
 term of any member of the board, except that of the Governor and 
 the Attorney-General, shall be filled for the unexpired term by 
 the board. 
 
 President of the Board. The Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction shall be ex-officio president of the board, and in his ab- 
 sence the members present shall elect a president pro tempore. 
 
 Quorum. A majority of the members shall constitute a quorum 
 for the transaction of business. (Code, Sec. 1429) 
 
 4. Meetings. Meetings of the board shall be held upon the call 
 of the president, or upon request of a majority of its members: 
 provided, that the president shall give due notice to all the mem- 
 bers of the time of holding the meetings. The place of meeting 
 shall ordinarily be the office of the Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction. (Code, Sec. 1430) 
 
 5. Record. A faithful record shall be kept of the proceedings 
 
17 
 
 of the board, which shall be signed by the president, or, in his ab- 
 sence, by the president pro tempore, and shall at all times be open 
 to inspection. (Code, Sec. 1431) 
 
 6. Recovery of money due literary fund. Any money which 
 ought to be paid into the public treasury to the credit of the liter- 
 ary fund shall (unless other provisions be made therefor) be 
 recoverable, with interest, by the State Board of Education, by 
 motion after fifteen days' notice, or by action in the Circuit Court 
 of the City of Richmond. The Second Auditor shall institute and 
 prosecute the proceedings after an order for such motion or ac- 
 tion shall have been made by the board. 
 
 The said board may appoint agents for the collection of Its 
 debts or claims, and authorize them to secure payment thereof on 
 such terms as it may approve. 
 
 When estate of any person taken under execution, or for 
 sale under any decree or deed of trust, for any such debt or claim, 
 or for any fine, will not sell for the amount thereof, such agent 
 may (under the direction of the board as to the price) purchase 
 such estate for the board. He shall immediately report to it every 
 such purchase and the terms thereof. 
 
 The board may sell, or appoint an agent to sell, any estate so 
 purchased, who shall sell at such time and on such terms as the 
 board may authorize. It shall take bond from such agent if any 
 money is to come into his hands. Any agent selling land under 
 this section shall, when directed so to do by the board, execute a 
 deed (with the- resolution giving such direction thereto annexed) 
 conveying to the purchaser all the interest which the board may 
 have in such land. 
 
 For the service of any agent under this section, the board 
 may allow compensation, not exceeding in any case five per cen- 
 tum on the money actually paid into the treasury. (Code, Sec. 
 1432) 
 
 7. Duties of the State Board of Education, The powers and 
 duties of the board shall be as follows: 
 
 First. To divide the State into appropriate school divisions, in 
 the discretion of said board, comprising not less than one county 
 or city each, but no county or city shall be divided in the formation 
 of such divisions, and in the establishment of such school divisions 
 the said State Board of Education shall so make up the same as 
 to insure to each division superintendent a salary of not less than 
 nine hundred dollars per annum: provided, that in any case where 
 
18 
 
 the aggregate population of two adjacent counties, or of a city and 
 the county in which it is located, is now less than fourteen thou- 
 sand people and where, in the judgment and discretion of the State 
 Board of Education, it is not practicable to attach such counties 
 or city to some adjoining county or city so as to make up a division 
 that will provide a salary of not less than nine hundred dollars 
 per annum for the division superintendent thereof, then in such 
 case the State Board of Education may, in its discretion, put said 
 counties, or county and city, into a division, the superintendent of 
 which shall not receive less than seven hundred dollars per annum. 
 
 It shall, subject to the confirmation of the Senate, appoint for 
 each of such divisions one superintendent of schools, who shall hold 
 office for four years, and who, during his said incumbency of this 
 office, shall be required to devote himself exclusively to the dis- 
 charge of its duties: provided, that the State Board of Education 
 may in its discretion make an exception to this rule of exclusive 
 employment when in the judgment of said board such exceptions 
 will enure to the benefit of the public school system in the division 
 of such superintendent thus excepted. 
 
 And provided further, that in the case of any border county 
 touching another State than Virginia, and having a population of 
 less than fourteen thousand people, where the State Board of Edu- 
 cation, in its discretion, may think that making an exception of 
 such county from the requirements of this act will enure to the 
 best interests of the public school system therein, the said State 
 Board of Education may waive the requirements of this act as to 
 the salary of the division superintendent of schools for said county. 
 
 And provided further, that when, on account of geographical 
 or other conditions, the grouping of two or more counties, or the 
 grouping of a county or counties and a city, will not be to the 
 benefit of said divisions, the State Board of Education may, in 
 its discretion, modify the rule as to said grouping and as to the 
 minimum salary herein provided for. 
 
 The board shall also prescribe the duties of such division 
 superintendent, and may remove him for cause and upon notice. 
 When a vacancy occurs during the recess of the General Assembly 
 it shall be filled by appointment of the board for the unexpired 
 term, and the appointee shall continue in office until the expiration 
 of thirty days after the first meeting of the General Assembly; 
 but it shall not be lawful when the General Assembly is not in 
 session for the said board to appoint as division superintendent 
 
19 
 
 any person whose nomination has been previously rejected by 
 the Senate. 
 
 Second. To prescribe the duties of the Superintendent of Pub- 
 lic Instruction. 
 
 Third. To approve the appointment of a first and second clerk, 
 and such other employees as may be necessary for the office of the 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, upon the nomination of that 
 officer, and to fix their salaries. The first clerk, who is hereby re-- 
 quired to serve also as secretary of the State Board of Education,, 
 may be allowed for these extra services such reasonable compen- 
 sation as the board may deem just and proper. 
 
 Fourth. To adopt by-laws for its own government and to make 
 all needful rules and regulations for the management and conduct 
 of the schools. Such rules and regulations, when published and 
 distributed, shall have the force and effect of law until revised, 
 amended, or repealed by the General Assembly. 
 
 Fifth. To provide for the examination of teachers by a State 
 Board of Examiners, and the inspection of schools by inspector!? 
 to be chosen by the State Board of Education, or by the adoption 
 of such other plans as the board may, in its discretion, deem wise 
 and expedient. The duties, compensation, and expenses of such 
 examiners and inspectors shall be fixed by the State Board of 
 Education, and paid as other expenses of said board are paid. 
 
 Sixth. To select text-books and educational appliances for use 
 in the public schools of the State of Virginia, exercising such dis- 
 cretion as it may see fit in the selection of books suitable for the 
 schools in the cities and counties, respectively, subject to the con- 
 ditions and restrictions hereinafter set forth; but no text-books- 
 which may hereafter be adopted for use in any public free school 
 in the State of Virginia shall be changed or substituted until the 
 same shall have been used for a period of not less than four years, 
 
 The said State Board of Education shall be empowered, and 
 it is hereby made their duty, to enter into contract for a term of 
 years not to exceed seven, with the publisher or publishers of school 
 books adopted for the use of the pupils of the public schools of 
 Virginia, upon the terms and . conditions herein set forth, that the 
 price to be paid for said books by the pupils of the public schools of 
 Virginia shall not exceed the lowest retail price at which such books 
 are "sold to the pupils or patrons of the public schools of any other 
 State, county, township, or school district, or to any individual in 
 the United States where similar conditions prevail : provided, that 
 
20 
 
 if after four years of use any text-book or school appliance should 
 prove unsatisfactory, it may, by vote of six members of the State 
 Board of Education, be changed. The publisher or publishers to 
 make a sworn affidavit of this fact, which said sworn statement 
 shall be put on file in the office of the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction, Richmond, Virginia: and provided further, that said 
 publisher or publishers of said school books shall make a written 
 guarantee to said State Board of Education that any further re- 
 duction in the price of said books during the life of said contract, 
 made anywhere to any one, shall also be made to said State Board 
 of Education, and if the publisher or publishers of any school books 
 adopted for the use of the pupils of the public schools of Virginia 
 fails to make the retail prices of said school books as low to the 
 pupils of the public schools of Virginia as the same books are sup- 
 plied to the pupils of the public schools of any other State, cor- 
 poration or person, at any time during the continuance of this con- 
 tract, then it shall be the duty of the State Board of Education 
 of Virginia to declare the contract with such publisher or publish- 
 ers to be null and void. 
 
 Before any publisher or publishers of school books adopted by 
 the State Board of Education shall be permitted to enter into any 
 contract with the State Board of Education, under the provisions 
 of this act, he or they shall file with the State Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction, to be approved by the said State Board of Edu- 
 cation, a good and sufficient bond for the faithful performance of 
 the conditions of such contract and the observance of the require- 
 ments of this act. 
 
 Seventh. To guard by regulations against such a multiplica- 
 tion of schools in proportion to the funds provided as will tend to 
 fanse a low grade of instruction in the schools or in any other way 
 impair their efficiency. 
 
 Eighth. To approve or amend the plans of the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction for the organization and conduct of the sum- 
 mer normal schools, to audit the accounts for the expenses of such 
 schools, and issue warrants for the payment thereof as other war- 
 .rants are issued by the said board. 
 
 Ninth. To decide appeals from the decisions of the Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction : provided, that all the facts and argu- 
 ments in each case shall be presented in writing, and in such form 
 as the board may prescribe. 
 
 Tenth. To order the sense of voters to be taken in counties or 
 
21 
 
 districts on all matters which may be properly so referred under 
 ther of the school law whenever deemed proper b^ 
 
 Eleventh. To invest the capital and unappropriated income of 
 he literary fund in bonds of this State or of the United States, or 
 
 >nds of railroad companies secured by first mortgage whose 
 market value for six months preceding the investment has not been 
 Less than ninety cents on the dollar, or in bonds made by the dis- 
 t school boards of the different school districts in this State 
 constituting a lien on the district funds in the different districts' 
 cured by deed of trust on the school property in said districts 
 in which said bonds are invested. The said board may call in any 
 such investment, or any heretofore made, and reinvest the same as 
 aforesaid whenever deemed proper for the preservation, security, 
 or improvement of the said fund. Whenever, in accordance with 
 this section, the board shall invest as aforesaid in bonds of this 
 State, no premium shall be required or paid on such investment. All 
 securities for money belonging to the literary fund shall be de- 
 posited with the Second Auditor for safe keeping, who shall re- 
 turn with his annual report a list thereof with a statement of their 
 value. 
 
 Twelfth. To audit all claims which are to be paid out of the 
 literary fund, and to allow so much thereof as shall appear to be 
 due: provided, that not more than ten years shall have elapsed 
 when by law such claim might have been presented for payment. 
 For any claims so allowed, certified by the secretary and presiding 
 officer of the board, the Second Auditor shall issue his warrant on 
 the treasurer, signed by the Second Auditor and attested by one of 
 his clerks. All money belonging to the literary fund shall also be 
 received into the treasury on the warrant of the Second Auditor, 
 who shall also be the accountant of the said fund. 
 
 Thirteenth. To approve or amend the schemes prepared by 
 the Superintendent of Public Instruction for apportioning the 
 money appropriated by the State for public free school purposes 
 among the several counties and cities of the State. 
 
 Fourteenth. To determine the necessary contingent expenses of 
 the office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, including 
 stationery, postage, printing, furniture, and other charges; to ex- 
 on the Second Auditor for the payment of the same, said warrants 
 to be signed by the secretary and the presiding officer of the 
 board. 
 
22 
 
 Fifteenth. To punish division superintendents of schools for 
 neglect of duty, or for any official misconduct, by reasonable fines, 
 to be deducted from their pay, by suspension from office and pay 
 for a limited period, or by removal from office. 
 
 Sixteenth. To appoint a board of directors, consisting of five 
 
 members, to serve without compensation, which shall have the 
 
 management of the State library (except the law library) and 
 
 the appointment of a librarian and other employees thereof, subject 
 
 -to such rules and regulations as the General Assembly shall prescribe 
 
 Seventeenth. To observe the operations of the public free 
 school system, to regulate such matters as may arise in the practi- 
 cal administration thereof not otherwise provided for, and to sug- 
 gest to the General Assembly any improvements deemed advisable 
 therein, and for which the said board has no power to provide. 
 
 Eighteenth. To make a report to the General Assembly at 
 each regular session, covering the annual report of the Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, giving an account of the operations 
 of the board for the two school years immediately preceding the 
 session of the General Assembly. 
 
 Nineteenth. To perform such other duties as may be prescribed 
 by law. 
 
 Twentieth. Such reasonable expenses as members of the board, 
 except the Governor, the Attorney-General, and the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction, may incur in attending the meetings of the 
 board, or any committee thereof, shall be paid from the funds at 
 the command of the board by warrant on the Second Auditor as 
 other expenses of the board are paid. (Code, Sec. 1433) 
 
 8. Board of Education to keep certificates of West Virginia's 
 share of the debt. The certificates given for the third of the bonds 
 set apart for West Virginia's portion of the debt held by the lit- 
 erary fund shall be safely deposited and kept by the Board of 
 Education, subject to the provisions of any settlement which may 
 be had between this State and the State of West Virginia in refer- 
 ence to the public debt of Virginia created prior to the formation 
 of the State of West Virginia. (Code, Sec. 436) 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 
 
 9. His election and term; his salary and traveling expenses; 
 vacancy in office ; qualification. There shall be elected by the 
 qualified voters of the State on the Tuesday after the first Monday 
 
23 
 
 in November, nineteen hundred and five, and every four years 
 thereafter, a Superintendent of Public Instruction, who shall be 
 an experienced educator, and whose term of office shall commence 
 on the first of February following his election: provided, that the 
 present incumbent of the office or his successor shall continue in 
 office until February first, nineteen hundred and six. 
 
 His salary shall be fixed by the General Assembly, and he shall 
 be allowed his necessary traveling expenses while engaged in the 
 duties of his office a sum not to exceed eight hundred dollars in 
 any school year: provided, that this amount shall be in full of all 
 sums now set apart by law or otherwise for necessary traveling 
 expenses, but is in no way to affect the salary of the said Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 Any vacancy occurring in the office within a regular term shall 
 be filled for the unexpired /term by the State Board of Education. 
 
 Before entering upon the discharge of the duties of the of- 
 fice he shall take and subscribe the oath prescribed for all officers 
 of the State. (Code, Sec. 1434) 
 
 10. The bonds of certain officers and of their clerks, including 
 the Superintendent of Public Instruction and his clerks. The of- 
 ficers and clerks herein named shall each give bond, with suffi- 
 cient sureties, to be approved by the Governor. Such surety may 
 be either personal or a guaranty or trust company. If any clerk 
 herein required to give bond with surety shall give as such surety 
 a guaranty company, the cost thereof shall be paid by the Com- 
 monwealth: provided, that the charge made by such company for 
 becoming such surety shall be approved by a board composed of 
 the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and Attorney-General as a 
 fair and reasonable charge. 
 
 The penalties of the bonds shall be as follows: Of the Secre- 
 tary of the Commonwealth, ten thousand dollars; of each of his 
 clerks, three thousand dollars; of the State Treasurer, one hun- 
 dred thousand dollars; of each of his clerks, five thousand dollars; 
 of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, ten thousand dol- 
 lars; of each of his clerks, two thousand dollars; of the Commis- 
 sioner of Agriculture, ten thousand dollars; of each of his clerks, 
 five thousand dollars; of the Auditor of Public Accounts, thirty 
 thousand dollars; of each of his clerks, ten thousand dollars; of 
 the Second Auditor, twenty thousand dollars ; of each of his clerks, 
 seven thousand five hundred dollars; of the Register of the Land 
 
24 
 
 Office, ten thousand dollars ; of the Superintendent of Public Print- 
 ing, five thousand dollars. (Code, Sec. 225) 
 
 11. To be submitted to Attorney- General. Each of the said 
 officers and clerks, required by the preceding section to give bond, 
 shall submit his bond to the Attorney-General for his examina- 
 tion, and in case of his inability to act, by reason of sickness or 
 otherwise, to such person learned in law as the Governor may 
 select; and if, after examination, such bond is found to be in proper 
 form and legally executed, the Attorney-General, or the person 
 so selected by the Governor, shall make an endorsement on it to 
 that effect. Code, Sec. 226) 
 
 12. Where bonds filed. The bond of each of the said officers 
 and clerks mentioned in section two hundred and twenty-five, 
 except the Auditor of Public Accounts and his clerks, after it 
 shall have been recorded by the Secretary of. the Commonwealth, 
 as required by section one hundred and seventy-seven, shall be 
 transmitted by him to the Auditor of Public Accounts, who shall 
 file the same in his office. The bonds of the Auditor of Public 
 Accounts and of his clerks, after they have been recorded as afore- 
 said, shall be retained and filed by the Secretary of the Common- 
 wealth in his office. (Code, Sec. 228) 
 
 13. Superintendent of Public Instruction a member of board 
 of visitors. The Superintendent of Public Instruction is made 
 a member of the board of visitors of the following named insti- 
 tutions : 
 
 The Virginia Military Institute Code, Sec. 1564. 
 
 The Virginia Agricultural, Mechanical and . Polytechnic Insti- 
 tuteCode, Sec. 1591. 
 
 State Female Normal School Code, Sec. 1608. 
 
 Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute Code, Sec. 1613. 
 
 Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind Code, Sec. 1653. 
 
 William and Mary College Acts of Assembly 1906, page 95. . 
 
 University of Virginia Acts of Assembly 1906, page 539. 
 
 State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg 
 Acts of Assembly 1908, page 428. 
 
 State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Fredericks- 
 burg Acts of Assembly 1908, page 428. 
 
 State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Radford 
 Acts of Assembly 1910, page 176. 
 
 14. Duties of Superintendent of Public Instruction. He shall 
 be ex-officio president of the State Board of Education, by which 
 his duties shall be prescribed. (Code, Sec. 1436) 
 
26 
 
 DIVISION SUPERINTENDENTS 
 
 15. Division Superintendent; appointment; term of office; 
 vacancies; his qualification. Within sixty days before July first, 
 nineteen hundred and five, and every four years thereafter, the 
 State Board of Education shall, subject to the confirmation of the 
 Senate, appoint one division superintendent of schools for each 
 school division that the said board may, in its discretion, estab- 
 lish according to law: provided, that no federal officer, except a 
 fourth-class postmaster, and no superintendent or county or State 
 officer, except a notary public, or any deputy of said officers, shall 
 be chosen or allowed to act as division superintendent of schools. 
 The term of office of the said division superintendent shall be 
 four years from the first day of July following his appointment r 
 provided, that the superintendents for counties and cities now in 
 office, or their successors, shall continue in office until July first, 
 nineteen hundred and nine (1909). 
 
 The office of any division superintendent shall be deemed va- 
 cant upon the refusal of the Senate to confirm his nomination, his 
 removal from the division for which he was appointed, his engag- 
 ing in any other business or employment during his term of office 
 as such superintendent, unless such superintendent shall have been 
 excepted under the provisions of subsection first of section four- 
 teen hundred and thirty-three of the Code of Virginia, as amended, 
 his resignation or his removal from office by the State Board of 
 Education. Every division superintendent, before entering upon 
 the discharge of the duties of his office, shall take and subscribe the 
 oath prescribed for all officers of the State, which oath shall be 
 made and subscribed before a circuit or corporation court having 
 jurisdiction in his division, or before the judge or clerk thereof in 
 vacation. As soon as the oaths shall have been taken, subscribed, 
 and certified, a minute of the fact shall be entered in the records 
 of the said court, and a certificate of the clerk, setting forth the 
 qualification and its record, shall be furnished the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction for record in his office. (Code, Sec. 1437) 
 
 16. His salary. The said superintendent shall receive, to be 
 paid in monthly instalments out of the State school fund on the 
 warrant of the State Board of Education drawn upon the Second 
 Auditor, forty dollars for every thousand of population under his- 
 jurisdiction for the first ten thousand; twenty-five dollars for 
 every thousand in excess of ten up to and including thirty thou- 
 
26 
 
 sand, and fifteen dollars for every thousand in excess of thirty thou- 
 sand, rejecting in each case fractions of less than five hundred: 
 provided, that the pay of a superintendent from funds in the 
 State treasury shall not, in any case, be less than two hundred 
 dollars a year: and provided further, that when a school division 
 is composed of more than one county, or of a city and one or 
 more counties, the salary of the superintendent of such division 
 may, in the discretion of the State Board of Education, be the 
 aggregate of the amounts found by estimating what such salary 
 would be in each of said counties and city if each of the same 
 composed a separate school division. 
 
 The board of supervisors of any county, or the council of any 
 city, may, out of any surplus of any funds in the treasury of such 
 county or city, or the county or city school board may, out of the 
 local school fund, supplement the salary of the superintendent of 
 schools for the division in which said county or city may be lo- 
 cated: provided, that the salary of any such division superinten- 
 dent shall not be increased or diminished by any such said city 
 council or county board of supervisors during his term of office. 
 (Code, Sec. 1438) 
 
 17. How salaries of Superintendents paid. The salaries of 
 division superintendents of schools, so far as payable by the State, 
 shall be paid out of the bulk of the State school funds as distin- 
 guished from the appropriations from the same to the several coun- 
 ties. (Code, Sec. 1519) 
 
 18. Powers and duties. The powers and duties of the division 
 superintendent shall be fixed by the State Board of Education. 
 (Code, Sec. 1439) 
 
 19. Requisition by Treasurer for State funds ; to notify Superin- 
 tendent when received. At the proper time each division superin- 
 tendent of schools shall notify the county treasurer in writing 
 that the State money apportioned to the county in cash is ready for 
 distribution, whereupon the county treasurer shall forthwith make 
 requisition in due form upon the Second Auditor for the amount 
 specified ; and as soon as the money has been received into the 
 -county treasury it shall be the duty of the treasurer to inform the 
 division superintendent of the fact. (Code, Sec. 1516) 
 
 SCHOOL TRUSTEE ELECTORAL BOARD 
 
 20. School trustee electoral board; composition; duties; com- 
 pensation. In each county there shall be a board, to be known as 
 
27 
 
 the school trustee electoral board, which shall, until February first, 
 nineteen hundred and four, be composed of the county judge, the 
 attorney for the Commonwealth, and the division superintendent 
 of schools; but after the first day of February, nineteen hundred 
 and four, the said board shall be composed of the attorney for the 
 Commonwealth, the division superintendent of schools, and a resi- 
 dent qualified voter who is not a county or State officer, to be 
 appointed by the judge of the circuit court on or within thirty days 
 after the first day of February, nineteen hundred and four, and 
 every four years thereafter. This resident qualified voter shall re- 
 ceive a per diem of two dollars for each day actually employed, to 
 be paid out of the county school fund ; but when acting as a mem- 
 ber of the board of appeals, according to the provisions of section 
 fourteen hundred and eighty-seven, he shall receive two dollars 
 per day, to be paid out of the district fund of the district in which 
 the service is rendered. The said appointee shall qualify before the 
 clerk of the said circuit court, and shall serve for a term of four 
 years from the first day of March, nineteen hundred and four. Any 
 vacancy occurring within the term of the said appointee shall be 
 filled by the said circuit judge within thirty days thereafter. 
 Sec. 1451) 
 
 21. Clerk and Chairman. The division superintendent shall be 
 clerk, and the board shall elect one of its members chairman. (Code, 
 Sec. 1451.) 
 
 22. Term of office; mode of filling vacancies, and so forth; 
 qualifications of trustees. The school trustee electoral board shall 
 appoint one school trustee for the several school districts in their 
 respective counties not more than thirty days before September 
 first, nineteen hundred and six, whose term of office shall be three 
 years from said September first, nineteen hundred and six, and 
 thirty days before September first, nineteen hundred and six, and 
 thirty days before September first of each succeeding year there- 
 after, one school trustee for each district, whose term of office shall 
 begin on the first day of September of that year and continue for 
 three years. And the terms of the present trustees are hereby ex- 
 tended to the first day of September succeeding the term for which 
 they were appointed. Said boards shall fill vacancies occurring 
 within a regular term for the unexpired part thereof. 
 
 No person who is unable to read and write shall be appointed 
 a trustee. (Code, Sec. 1454) 
 
 23. Power of board to declare and fill vacancies and to deter- 
 
28 
 
 mine appeals. The board shall furthermore have power, and it 
 shall be its duty, to declare vacant and proceed to fill the of- 
 fice of any trustee who fails to qualify and to deliver 
 to the clerk of this board his official oath in the usual 
 form within thirty days after he has been notified by said 
 clerk of his appointment. The board shall also vacate the office 
 of any and every trustee who fails to discharge the duties of his 
 office according to law. In the investigation of any such alleged 
 failure, or in hearing any case of appeal referred to it under this 
 chapter, the electoral board shall have power to issue summonses 
 and rules to witnesses to appear before it, and to require to be 
 produced before it any official records, papers, or books pertaining 
 to the case, and for failure to obey such summons or order the 
 board may impose a fine not exceeding ten dollars for each offence. 
 The chairman of the board shall have power to administer an oath 
 to any witness appearing before it. The said board is hereby con- 
 stituted a permanent board of appeal to hear and determine all 
 complaints that may be referred to it under the provisions of sec- 
 tion fourteen hundred and eighty-seven of this chapter. (Code, 
 Sec. 1455) 
 
 24. Meetings of board. Any member may call a meeting by 
 giving due notice to the other two members. Any two members shall 
 constitute a quorum; a concurrence of a majority of the board in 
 a duly assembled meeting shall be required to constitute a valid 
 act. (Code, Sec. 1456) 
 
 25. Clerk of board; his duties. It shall be the duty of the 
 clerk of the board to record all proceedings in a bound volume, 
 which record book, together with such stationery and postage as 
 may be required for correspondence with trustees, shall be paid for 
 out of the county school fund on the warrant of the said board, 
 provided the cost of the same shall not exceed five dollars in any 
 one year. The clerk shall furnish the Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction with a list of the school trustees of each district of the 
 county, their postoffices and date of appointment, and such other 
 information as may be called for. He shall promptly notify the 
 board when unexpected vacancies occur, and shall also notify the 
 same thirty days in advance of the expiration of regular terms of 
 office, so that the district boards may be kept full and no members 
 left to hold over unnecessarily. He shall promptly notify all 
 trustees of their appointment, and also forward to the same blank 
 
29 
 
 copies of the official oath, to be furnished by the Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction. (Code, Sec. 1547) 
 
 26. Appointment of trustees by councils. Nothing in this chap- 
 ter shall be construed as giving authority to said board to interfere 
 in any way with the appointment of school trustees by municipal 
 councils, or to disturb in any way the law bearing on the action 
 of said municipal councils in the premises. (Code, Sec. 1458) 
 
 27. Appeals. Any five interested heads of families, residents 
 of the district, who may feel themselves aggrieved by the action 
 of any district school board, may, within thirty days after such 
 action, state their complaint in writing to the division superin- 
 tendent of schools, who, if he cannot within ten days after the 
 receipt of the said complaint satisfactorily adjust the same, shall 
 errant an appeal to the school trustee electoral board, which shall 
 meet in the district where such complaint originated, and shall 
 summon witnesses and decide finally all questions at issue. Any' 
 action taken or had by this board shall be recorded in its minutes 
 and also in the record book of the district board whose action it 
 reviewed. (Code, Sec. 1487) 
 
 SCHOOL, TRUSTEES 
 
 28. School trustees, their number and term. There shall be 
 three school trustees for each school district, whose term of office 
 shall be three years, respectively. (Code, Sec. 1453) 
 
 29. Who cannot be trustee. No federal, State or county of- 
 ficer, or any deputy of such officer, and no supervisor, shall be 
 chosen or allowed to act as district school trustee: provided, that 
 the provisions herein contained shall not apply to fourth-class post- 
 masters, county superintendents of the poor, commissioners in chan- 
 cery, commissioners of accounts, and notaries public. 
 
 2. Inasmuch as the restrictions heretofore existing affect the 
 tenure of office of many school trustees, an emergency exists, and 
 this act shall be in force from its passage. (Code, Sec. 1459; act 
 approved March 5, 1908) 
 
 30. Must be a resident of district and take oath. Every school 
 trustee shall, at the time of his appointment, be a resident of the 
 school district for which he is appointed, and if he shall cease to 
 be a resident thereof his office shall be deemed vacant. Before en- 
 tering upon the discharge of the duties of his office he shall take 
 and subscribe the oath prescribed for officers of the State before 
 
30 
 
 the division superintendent of schools or any other officer authorized 
 to administer an oath. The officer administering the said oath shall 
 certify the same to the clerk of the circuit court, and the said 
 clerk shall make in his record book a minute of the qualification 
 of said trustee. And no fee shall be charged for either service. 
 (Code, Sec. 1460) 
 
 COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD 
 
 31. County school board, how constituted; to be a corporation. 
 
 The division superintendent of schools, together with the district 
 school trustees in each county, including those in towns constitut- 
 ing separate school districts, for certain purposes hereinafter speci- 
 fied shall constitute a body corporate, under the style of ''the 
 
 county school board of county," and may, in its corporate 
 
 capacity, eue and be sued, contract and be contracted with, and 
 purchase, lease, take, hold and convey property. This board shall 
 be subject to the higher authority in like manner as the district 
 boards. (Code, Sec. 1441) 
 
 32. Officers of board. The division superintendent of schools 
 shall be ex-officio president of the county school board, and it shall 
 be the duty of the said board, at its first meeting, and on the occur- 
 rence of a vacancy afterwards, to elect one of its members vice- 
 president. (Code, Sec. 1442) 
 
 33. Meetings of board. It shall be the duty of the president 
 to call meetings of the board whenever in his judgment such meet- 
 ings are needed, and also when requested to do so by two chair- 
 men of the district boards of the county. (Code, Sec. 1443) 
 
 34. By-laws, records and clerk. The county school board shall 
 make and record, in a bound volume, by-laws and regulations tor 
 its own government and for carrying out all duties imposed upon 
 it by law ; and shall keep, in said volume, a record of the proceed- 
 ings of each meeting. It may appoint a clerk, at discretion, who 
 shall receive as compensation three dollars per day for each day the 
 board is in session, not exceeding ten dollars per annum, which 
 compensation, together with necessary expenses and contingent ex- 
 penses attending the transaction of business by the board, may be 
 paid out of any funds under the control of the board. ^Code, Sec. 
 1444) 
 
 35. Annual meetings. The board shall hold a regular annual 
 meeting between the first and fifteenth day of August, the exact 
 
31 
 
 date to be fixed by the board itself, or, in default thereof, by the 
 president. (Code, Sec. 1445) 
 
 36. Annual report. The board shall make an annual report 
 to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, through the division 
 superintendent of schools, on or before the tenth day of Septem- 
 ber of each year, which shall give in detail its official acts for the 
 year closing the thirty-first day of July preceding. (Code, Sec. 
 1446) 
 
 37. Powers and duties of board. First. Expenses of trustees. 
 The county school board may order any district school board of 
 the county to pay to each school trustee, except the clerk of the 
 board, a sum not to exceed ten dollars in any one year to cover the 
 expenses of said trustee for attendance upon the meetings of the 
 county and the district school boards. 
 
 Second. Estimate of expenses. It shall be the duty of the county 
 school board of each county, on or before the first day of April 
 of each year, to prepare and file with the division superintendent 
 of schools an estimate of the amount of money which will be needed 
 during the next scholastic year for the support of the public free 
 school system of the county, and at the same time, after carefully 
 revising the estimates of the district boards of trustees submitted 
 to the county board in accordance with the provisions of section 
 fourteen hundred and sixty-six of this chapter, to prepare and file 
 with said superintendent separate estimates of the necessary ex- 
 penses of the public free schools in each school district of the county 
 for the next scholastic year, which estimate shall be submitted 
 by him to the board of supervisors at a regular meeting. 
 
 Third. Apportionment of county fund. The county school fund 
 shall be apportioned by the county school board among the several 
 districts of the county according to its judgment having due regard 
 to maintaining, as far as practicable, a uniform term throughout all 
 of the districts : provided, that such primary and grammar schools as 
 may be established in any school year shall be maintained at least 
 four months of that school year before any part of the fund as- 
 sessed and collected may be devoted to the establishment of schools 
 of a higher grade. 
 
 Fourth. Property vested in and managed by county board; 
 counsel. All money, bonds, stocks, debts, funds, effects and other 
 property, real or personal, held by individuals by virtue of their 
 office of school commissioner or overseers of the poor of any of the 
 
32 
 
 counties of this Commonwealth, except the county of Loudoun. 
 under any act heretofore passed by the General Assembly of Vir- 
 ginia, acquired or derived from the sale of glebe lands, or from any 
 other source formerly belonging to any of the said counties, and 
 applicable to school purposes; also such real or personal estate in 
 any of the said counties as belonged to the former board of the 
 literary fund, together with any other funds or property which 
 had in any manner been set apart for school purposes, but which 
 has been practically abandoned or is without trustees; and any 
 funds ^r property that may be hereafter set apart solely for county 
 school purposes, and all donations, by will, deed, or other convey- 
 ances, heretofore or hereafter made for county or district school 
 purposes, the lot and school building and all the real and personal 
 property acquired for the use of a county or district high school, 
 or for the maintenance thereof, shall be vested in the said county 
 or district school board of the said counties, respectively, unless 
 inconsistent with the grant or devise, upon such terms and condi- 
 tions for the security of the same as the circuit court of said county 
 shall prescribe. The said board or boards shall, when not incon- 
 sistent with the terms of the grant or devise, invest and manage the 
 same, and apply the profits thereof for the purpose of education in 
 the same manner and under the same restrictions as the general school 
 fund of the State is applied under the general school law of the 
 State, except that the said boards are authorized to apply such 
 portions of the profits of the funds as in their judgment may be 
 necessary to the erection of school-houses in their said counties, re- 
 spectively, or to the purchase of school apparatus for the use of 
 schools. But if such fund does not exceed in amount the sum of 
 two thousand dollars, the said board or boards may, if in their 
 judgment expedient, use such fund in whole or in part in the erec- 
 tion of school-houses in their said counties or districts or in paying 
 any debt which may have been incurred by said county or district 
 boards in the erection of school-houses ; provided, that such disposi- 
 tion is not in conflict with the will of the grantor or testator. In 
 cases where funds or other property are held by trustees for pur- 
 poses of common school education the county school board shall have 
 power, and it shall be its duty, to examine into the manner in which 
 such trusts are administered; and all such trustees are hereby re- 
 quired to render reports to the county board whenever called on, 
 and to afford every facility wanted by said board in order to obtain 
 a full understanding of all the points connected with such adminis- 
 
33 
 
 tration ; and should such examination reveal any defect or irregular- 
 ity in the administration of such trust funds or other property, it 
 shall be the duty of the county school board to institute prompt pro- 
 ceedings for carrying the matter before the civil courts. In cases 
 where donations or other funds have been set apart for the education 
 of the poor, the county school board is authorized to receive and ap- 
 ply the same in connection with the public free- schools in obedience 
 to the will of the donor. The county school board of any county 
 may employ counsel, and provide for and direct the payment of 
 reasonable attorney's fees whenever such action may be necessary 
 for effectuating the purposes and objects of this section, or for 
 the protection of the public schools of the county, or of any school 
 district thereof, from loss or detriment from any cause: provided, 
 that nj such fee shall be paid or allowed by such board unless or 
 until the same shall have been approved by the court in which such 
 litigation was had: provided further, that nothing in this law con- 
 tained shall be construed to apply to the twenty-fifth clause of the 
 will of Samuel Miller, deceased, or in any wise to affect or impair 
 any rights or interest whatsoever, either public or private, arising 
 under said clause, or to any fund now held by the Charlottesvillt 
 district school board of Albemarle county, known as district num- 
 ber five. (Code, Sec. 1447) 
 
 38. Authorizing county, district and city school boards to sell 
 or exchange public school property. Any county, district or city 
 school board may file its petition in the circuit court of its city or 
 county, or the corporation or the hustings court of its city, or before 
 the judge thereof in vacation, asking leave to sell or exchange any 
 public school property which in its judgment it is desirable to sell 
 or exchange, and upon evidence being produced before the court, 
 or judge thereof in vacation, that such sale or exchange 
 is proper to be made, the said court, or judge thereof in 
 vacation, shall make such order as may be proper providing 
 for the sale of said property, or that the same may be ex- 
 changed: provided, that if the said school property is sold it shall 
 be sold to the highest bidder at public auction after due public 
 notice of time and place of sale be made known by posting notices 
 in the school district or city in which said school property is located, 
 and in case of sale of said property the court or judge shall make 
 an order for the proper use or investment of the proceeds of the 
 same; the court may make such order as to the cost as to it may 
 aeem proper. In case of sale or exchange of district school property 
 
34 
 
 the deed for the same shall be made by the school trustees of the 
 district or districts in which the property is situated. (Code, Sec. 
 1466a) 
 
 39. Proceedings against officers, and so forth, to compel set- 
 tlements of accounts. The county school board shall have power, 
 and it shall be its duty, in the event of any delinquency or irregu- 
 larity in the acts of any treasurer, district board of trustees, or of 
 any officer or member thereof, to take such steps and institute 
 such legal proceedings as may be necessary and proper in order to 
 secure a complete settlement of the accounts of such treasurer, 
 board of trustees, officers, or member thereof, and a full and clear 
 exhibit of the transactions of said officer or board in connection 
 with the receipts and disbursements of any funds for public school 
 purposes, and to compel the payment of any balance that may be 
 in the hands of such treasurer, board of trustees, officer, or mem- 
 ber thereof. The county school board shall have power, and it shaD 
 be its duty, to take such steps and institute such legal proceedings 
 as may be necessary and proper to secure a complete settlement 
 of the accounts of any trustees to whom any funds or other prop- 
 erty for the purpose of common school education shall have been 
 entrusted, and to secure a full and proper administration of the 
 said trusts; and to this end it may apply to the courts for the re- 
 moval, for good cause shown, of the old trustees, and for the ap- 
 pointment of new trustees, either in place of those so removed or 
 to fill vacancies, and to institute such suits or actions as may be 
 necessary to compel the payment of any balances in the hands of 
 the old trustees so removed, or to correct any defect or irregularity 
 whatever in the administration of such trust fund or other prop- 
 erty. It shall be the duty of the attorney for the Commonwealth to 
 act as attorney for the said county school board, and to institute 
 such legal proceedings as the said board may think proper and 
 necessary. (Code, Sec. 1486.) 
 
 DISTRICT SCHOOL, BOARDS 
 
 40. District school boards; quorum, chairman and clerk. In 
 each school district there shall be a district school board, consisting 
 of three trustees, who shall be appointed as prescribed by section 
 fourteen hundred and fifty-four of this chapter. In case the State 
 Board of Education, in redistricting any county, shall reduce the 
 number of school districts, it shall provide for vacating the offices 
 
35 
 
 of such trustees as may be necessary to conform to the provisions 
 of this section. Each board of school trustees, any two of whom 
 shall constitute a quorum, shall appoint one of their number chair- 
 man and another clerk. (Code, Sec. 1461) 
 
 41. Clerks of district boards to take census of school popula- 
 tion; their pay. The clerk of each district school board, during 
 the month of April or May, nineteen hundred and ten, and every 
 five years thereafter, shall, in proper person or by deputies ap- 
 proved by the division superintendent of schools, take a census of 
 all persons between the ages of seven and twenty years residing 
 within the school district, and gather statistics relating to the in- 
 terests of education in said district, accordng to the forms fur- 
 nished by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The lists thus 
 prepared shall be submitted for careful revision to the district 
 school board as soon as may be after their completion, and shall at 
 all times be open to the inspection of any citizen. When so revised, 
 they shall be submitted, along with the other papers of the district, 
 to the county board at its annual meeting, and immediately there- 
 after delivered to the division superintendent. For said service the 
 clerk or his deputy shall receive compensation out of the district 
 school fund at the rate of three dollars per hundred of the children 
 listed by him, subject to the abatement, on the discovery, "before or 
 after the settlement of the account, of errors or omissions in the 
 list, or to a fine by the district board, as provided in section four- 
 teen hundred and seventy-four. (Code, Sec. 1462) 
 
 42. Clerk to take census of the deaf and the blind; his pay; 
 superintendents to transmit consolidated reports to the school for 
 the deaf and blind. He shall, at the same time, also take a separate 
 census of the deaf and the blind persons between said ages residing 
 within the school district, giving the sex, age, and residence of each, 
 and return a copy thereof to the division superintendent. For this 
 service he shall receive a compensation similar to that allowed for 
 listing other children, and out of the same fund. The superinten- 
 dent shall consolidate the reports of the county and transmit the 
 same to the superintendent of the school for the deaf and blind. 
 (Code, Sec. 1463) 
 
 43. Authorizing a new school census when boundaries of dis- 
 trict are changed. Whenever the boundaries of any school district 
 or districts are changed it shall be the duty of the division super- 
 intendent of schools to cause a census to be taken by some person 
 
36 
 
 selected by him of the school children of the territory or territories 
 concerned, which census shall show which of the children on the 
 census books of the preceding regular census of school children, 
 made under the provisions of section fourteen hundred and sixty- 
 two of the Code, both white and colored, have been transferred, 
 naming the districts, respectively, from which they come and to 
 which they are transferred, and when said census is certified as 
 required by section fourteen hundred and sixty-two of the Code of 
 Virginia it shall be the duty of the division superintendent to amend 
 the last census of the division in accordance with said report and 
 thereafter to apportion the school funds amongst the school dis- 
 tricts of the division in accordance with the said amended census. 
 The census herein required shall, except as herein provided, be taken 
 in accordance with the provisions of said section fourteen hundred 
 and sixty-two of the Code of Virginia, and the cost thereof shall be 
 borne by the school districts to which territory is annexed, in propor- 
 tion to their respective increases of school population. (Code, See. 
 1463a) 
 
 44. Providing for the apportionment of school funds and for 
 taking the census of children in school districts situated in niore 
 than one county. Whenever a school district is situated in 
 more than one county of this State, and the counties in which such 
 school district is located collect or apportion county or State taxes, 
 or both, therein, then the division superintendent, or county school 
 board of each of said counties, shall make such pro rat a apportion- 
 ment of county and State school funds in that portion of said school 
 district located in such county as is made to the other school dis- 
 tricts of such county; and in taking the school census of such dis- 
 trict the clerk, or other person taking the census, shall show in 
 which county each child enumerated resides. (Acts 1910, page 208) 
 
 45. Clerks to keep record of proceedings of boards; accounts 
 open to inspection. He shall keep in a bound volume a record of 
 the proceedings of the board, and in another book a cash account 
 and a record of his own official acts, and shall keep on file vouchers, 
 contracts and other official papers; all of which shall be open to 
 the inspection of the division superintendent of schools and of 
 every citizen of the district, and shall be subject to such periodical 
 examinations as shall be prescribed by the State Board of Educa- 
 tion. (Code, Sec. 1464) 
 
 46. To discharge other duties; their pay. He shall discharge 
 such other duties in connection with the school business of the dis- 
 
37 
 
 trict as may be required of him, and for his services may be allowed, 
 out of the district fund, an amount not exceeding three dollars for 
 each teacher. (Code, Sec. 1465) 
 
 47. Powers and duties of district boards of school trustees. 
 The duties of the district board of school trustees shall be, in gen- 
 eral, as follows: 
 
 First. To explain, enforce, and observe the school laws, and to 
 make rules for the government of the schools and for regulating the 
 conduct of pupils going to and returning from school. 
 
 Second. To employ teachers and to dismiss them when delin- 
 quent, inefficient, or in any wise unworthy of the position : provided, 
 however, that the authority hereby given shall be subject to review 
 by the board of appeal provided by section fourteen hundred and 
 fifty-five of this chapter: provided also, that no district school 
 board shall employ or pay any teacher from the public funds unless 
 the teacher shall hold a certificate in full force according to the 
 provisions of section fourteen hundred and seventy-six: and pro- 
 vided further, that no district school board shall employ or pay 
 any teacher from the public funds if said teacher is the brother, 
 sister, wife, son, or daughter of any member of said board. Any 
 member of any district board who shall violate any of these pro- 
 visions shall be personally liable to refund any public funds paid in 
 violation of this section, to be recovered from him by suit in the 
 name of the Commonwealth at the relation of the attorney for the 
 Commonwealth; such funds, when recovered, to be paid into the 
 county school fund. 
 
 Third. To suspend or expel pupils when the prosperity and ef- 
 ficiency of the schools make it necessary. 
 
 Fourth. To decide what children wishing to enter the schools 
 of the district should by reason of the poverty of their parents or 
 guardians receive text-books free of charge, and to provide for sup- 
 plying them accordingly. 
 
 Fifth. To see that the census of children required by section 
 fourteen hundred and sixty-two of this chapter is taken in the 
 proper time and in proper manner. 
 
 Sixth. To hold regular meetings at fixed periods, to be pre- 
 scribed by the State Board of Education, and special meetings when 
 called by the chairman or by two members. 
 
 Seventh. To call meetings of the people of the district for con- 
 sultation in regard to the school interests thereof, at which meetings 
 
38 
 
 the chairman or some other member of the board shall preside, if 
 present. 
 
 Eighth. On or before the fifteenth day of March in each year 
 to prepare and return to the president of the county school board, 
 to be by him laid before the board at its earliest meeting, an esti- 
 mate of the amount of money which will be needed in the district 
 during the next school year for providing school-houses, text-books 
 for indigent children, and school appliances, and other necessary 
 expenses 
 
 Ninth. To provide suitable school-houses with proper furniture 
 and appliances, in accordance with section fourteen hundred and 
 thirty-three, subsection six, of this act, and care for, manage, and 
 control the school property of the district. For these purposes it 
 may lease, purchase, or build such houses according to the exigencies 
 of the district and the means at its disposal. 
 
 Tenth. To visit the public free schools in the district from time 
 to time, and to take care that they are conducted according to law, 
 and with the utmost efficiency. 
 
 Eleventh. To provide for the pay of the teachers and of' the 
 clerk of the board, the cost of providing school-houses and the ap- 
 purtenances thereto and the repairs thereof, school furniture and 
 appliances as provided for in section fourteen hundred and thirty- 
 three, subsection six, of this act, necessary text-books for indigent 
 children attending the public free schools, and any other expense 
 attending the administration of the public free school system, so far 
 as the same is under the control or at the charge of the school dis- 
 trict or its officers. 
 
 Twelfth. To examine all claims against the school district, and 
 when approved to pay the same: provided, that a record of such 
 approval shall be made in the proceedings of the board: and a war- 
 rant on the county treasurer shall be drawn, signed by the chair- 
 man of the board and countersigned by the clerk thereof, payable 
 to the person entitled to receive such money, and stating on its face 
 the purpose or service for which it is to be paid, and that such war- 
 rant is drawn in pursuance of an order entered by the board on 
 the day of . 
 
 Thirteenth. To perform such other duties as shall be prescribed 
 by the State Board of Education or are imposed by other parts of 
 this chapter. 
 
 Fourteenth. To report on any matter when required by the 
 
39 
 
 division superintendent of schools, and on or before the first day 
 of August of each year to make a report for the school year closing 
 on the thirtieth day of June preceding on all subjects embraced 
 in the blank forms supplied by the Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction. 
 
 Fifteenth. County, city, or district school boards and coun- 
 ties, cities, towns, and districts may make appropriations to non- 
 sectarian schools of manual, industrial, or technical training, or to 
 any school or institution of learning owned or exclusively con- 
 trolled by such county, city, town, or school district, or by such 
 county, city, or district school boards. Said boards may also pro- 
 vide for the introduction of manual or industrial training and other 
 special branches into any public school. 
 
 48. School districts; to be numbered or named and recorded. 
 School districts in each county shall be numbered or named by the 
 division superintendent of schools thereof, and the name or number 
 and boundaries thereof shall be recorded in the office of the clerk 
 of the circuit court, and shall be reperted to the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction and be filed in his office. (Code, Sec. 1467) 
 
 49. Bounds of district; when towns may constitute separate 
 districts. Each magisterial district shall constitute a separate school 
 district unless the State Board of Education shall provide for re- 
 districting any county where the interests of the schools require it. 
 
 A town of more than five hundred inhabitants may, if the coun- 
 cil of such town so elect, be constituted a single school district; 
 and such council shall have the power to appoint three school 
 trustees to serve one, two, and three years, respectively, and an- 
 nually thereafter it shall appoint a school trustee for said district 
 to serve for three years: provided, that in all cases in which a 
 school district includes territory outside of the corporate limits of 
 the town the trustees shall be appointed by the school trustee 
 electoral board provided for in section fourteen hundred and fifty 
 of this chapter. (Code, Sec. 1469) 
 
 50. When State funds paid for school purposes in districts. 
 No State money shall be paid for a public free school in any school 
 district until there is filed with the division superintendent a writ- 
 ten statement, signed by the chairman and clerk of the board of 
 district school trustees, certifying that the school has been kept in 
 operation for five months during the current school year, or that 
 arrangements have been made which will secure the keeping of it 
 
40 
 
 in operation that length of time: provided, that in case of the un- 
 avoidable discontinuance of a school before the expiration of the 
 time required the State Board of Education shall be allowed to 
 relax the requirements of this section and to decide the case on 
 its merits. (Code, Sec. 1491) 
 
 51. Claims against school districts, how audited and warrants 
 issued. For the pay of public free school teachers, of the clerks 
 of boards of district school trustees, the cost of providing school- 
 houses and appurtenances thereto and the repairs thereof, school 
 furniture and appliances, necessary text-books for children attend- 
 ing the public free schools in cases where the parent or guardian 
 is unable, by reason of poverty, to furnish them, treasurer's com- 
 missions, and any other expense attending the public free school 
 system, so far as the same is under control or at the charge of the 
 school district or its officers, it shall be necessary first to obtain 
 from the board of school trustees of the district concerned an order 
 approving the claim and directing it to be paid, which shall be 
 duly recorded in the proceedings of the said board; whereupon 
 a warrant shall be drawn, signed by the chairman of the said board 
 and countersigned by the clerk thereof, payable to the order of 
 the person entitled to receive such money, and stating on its face 
 the purpose or service for which it is to be paid and that such 
 warrant is drawn in pursuance of an order of the board. (Code, 
 Sec. 1517) 
 
 SCHOOL PROPERTY 
 
 52. School property of district to vest in district school board. 
 
 The school trustees of each district shall constitute the district 
 school board, and shall be a body corporate under the name and 
 
 style of the "school board of district, number , of the 
 
 county of ," by which name it may sue and be sued, con- 
 tract and be contracted with, and purchase, take, hold, lease and 
 convey school property, both real and personal. The title to all 
 school property, both real and personal, belonging to the district, 
 shall vest in the said board. (Code, Sec. 1482) 
 
 53. How donations for schools in districts to vst. When any 
 real or personal property is given, devised or bequeathed to any 
 school district or city school board it shall be vested in the said 
 school district or city school board, as the case may be, and shall 
 
41 
 
 be managed and applied by the same according to the wishes of 
 the donor or testator, and the school board having charge of the 
 fund or property shall, in addition to the regular settlements which 
 it is required to make of all school moneys coming into its hands, 
 settle annually before the commissioner of accounts of its county 
 or city, so far as the management of the property so bequeathed 
 or devised is concerned, and the court having jurisdiction shall 
 have the right to compel such a settlement as provided in section 
 twenty-six hundred and eighty of the Code. In case- of any change 
 in the boundaries of any district, the county school board shall 
 make provision for continuing the fulfillment of the purposes of 
 such donor or testator, as far as practicable, and settlements shall 
 be made as provided for above. (Code, Sec. 1483) 
 
 54. Title to real estate for public uses to be approved by cir- 
 cuit court; appeal. Whenever it shall be necessary for any county,, 
 district school trustees, or other public officers of the county hav- 
 ing authority for the purpose, to purchase real estate, or acquire 
 title thereto for public uses, the contract therefor shall be in writ- 
 ing, and the evidence of title be submitted to the circuit court, or 
 to the judge thereof in vacation, for approval, which approval 
 shall be entered of record by the clerk of the court. No such con- 
 tract shall be valid unless and until the title to such real estate 
 be thus approved; and if the court or judge refuse to approve the-, 
 same, the disapproval shall be recorded in like manner. The super- 
 visors of the county, or any five citizens thereof, may, by motion,, 
 appeal of right from the decision of the court or judge to the su- 
 preme court of appeals. (Code, Sec. 824) 
 
 55. Right of condemnation given school districts and certain 
 State institutions. If the court, or the board of supervisors of 
 any county, the council of any city or town, the trustees of 
 any school district, the Institution for the Deaf and Blind, 
 any of the State hospitals, the University of Virginia, 
 the Virginia Military Institute, or any other institution 
 of this State, cannot, because of the incapacity of the owner or 
 inability to agree upon a price or terms, or because the owner can- 
 not, with reasonable diligence, be found in this State, or is unknown,, 
 agree on terms of purchase with those entitled to any land, build- 
 ings, structures, sand, earth, gravel, water, or other material 
 necessary to be taken and used for the purposes of such county, 
 -city, or town, or school district, or for the purposes of the In- 
 
42 
 
 /stitution for the Deaf and Blind, or of any such State hospital, 
 or of the University of Virginia, or of the Virginia Military In- 
 stitute, or of any other State institution, it may acquire the same by 
 condemnation under the provisions of this act, and the proceedings 
 in all such cases shall be according to the provisions of this act 
 ^o far as they can be applied to the same. (Code, Sec. 1105f, cl. 25 
 
 56. Condemnation and purchase of land for school-houses. If, 
 in the judgment of the district school board, the public interests 
 demand that a school-house be located on a particular spot and 
 no equitable arrangements for its purchase prove to be practica- 
 ble, the board of trustees shall be authorized, and it shall be its 
 duty, to cause the desired parcel of land to be surveyed by the 
 county or other competent surveyor, and a plat of the same to be 
 filed, together with a general statement of the case, with the clerk 
 of the circuit court; and thereupon, on application of the district 
 school board, the same proceedings shall be had as are prescribed 
 by the laws relating to the exercise of the right of eminent domain: 
 provided, that no parcel of land thus condemned shall exceed one 
 acre in a town or five acres in the county: provided further, that 
 no dwelling, yard, garden, or orchard shall be invaded, nor in an 
 unincorporated town any space within one hundred feet of a dwell- 
 ing, nor in the country any space within four hundred yards of 
 a mansion house, without the consent of the owner. 
 
 Whenever it shall be necessary for any county or district school 
 board, or other public officers of the county having authority for 
 the purpose, to purchase real estate or acquire title thereto for 
 public uses, the contract therefor shall be in writing, and the evi- 
 dence of title be submitted to the circuit court, or to the judge 
 thereof in vacation, for approval, which approval shall be entered 
 of record by the clerk of the court. No such contract shall be 
 valid unless and until the title to such real estate be thus ap- 
 proved; and if the court or judge refuse to approve the same, the 
 .disapproval shall be recorded in like manner. (Code, Sec. 1488) 
 
 SCHOOL-HOUSES 
 
 57. Construction of school-houses; condemnation of unsuitable 
 buildings. No school-house shall be contracted for or erected until 
 the site, location, plans, and specifications therefor shall have been 
 -submitted to and approved in writing by the division superinten- 
 
43 
 
 dent of schools, whose action in each case shall be reported by him 
 to the State Board of Education; and no public school shall be al- 
 lowed in any building which is not in such condition and provided 
 with such conveniences as are required by a due regard to decency 
 and health ; and when a school-house appears to the division super- 
 intendent of schools to be unfit for occupancy, it shall be his duty 
 to condemn the same and immediately to give notice thereof in 
 writing to the chairman of the district school board, and thence- 
 forth no public school shall be held therein, nor shall any part of 
 the State or county fund be applied to support any school in such 
 house until the division superintendent shall certify, in writing, to 
 the district school board that he is satisfied with the condition of 
 such building and with the appliances pertaining thereto. (Code, 
 Sec. 1489) 
 
 58. Regulating the construction of public school buildings in 
 order that the health, sight and comfort of all pupils may be prop- 
 erly protected. The State Board of Inspectors for public school 
 buildings shall not approve any plans for the erection of any school 
 building or room in addition thereto unless the same shall pro- 
 vide at least fifteen square feet of floor space and two hundred cubic 
 feet of air space for each pupil to be accommodated in each study 
 or recitation room therein, and no such plans shall be approved 
 by said board unless provision is made therein for assuring at 
 least thirty cubic feet of pure air every minute per pupil, and the 
 facilities for exhausting the foul and vitiated air therein shall be 
 positive and independent of atmospheric changes. All ceilings shall 
 be at least twelve feet in height. 
 
 2. All school-houses for which plans and detailed statements 
 shall be filed and approved by said board, as required by law, shall 
 have all halls, doors, stairways, seats, passage ways, and aisles, 
 and all lighting and heating appliances and apparatus, arranged to 
 facilitate egress in cases of fire or accidents, and to afford the 
 requisite and proper accommodations for public protection in such 
 cases. 'All exit doors in any school-house of two or more stories 
 in height shall open outwardly. No staircase shall be constructed 
 except with straight runs, changes in direction being made by plat- 
 forms. No doors shall open immediately upon a flight of stairs, 
 but a landing at least the width of the doors shall be provided be- 
 tween such stairs and such doorway. 
 
 3. All school-houses as aforesaid shall provide for the admis- 
 sion of light from the left, or from the left and rear of the pupils, 
 
44 
 
 and the total light area must be at least twenty-five per centum 
 of the floor space. 
 
 4. Every school board shall provide at least two suitable and 
 convenient out-houses or water-closets for each of the school-houses 
 under its control; unless the said school-houses have suitable, COD 
 venient and sanitary water-closets erected within same, said out 
 houses or water-closets shall be entirely separated, each from the 
 other, and shall have separate means of access. School boards shall 
 see that said outhouses or water-closets are kept in a clean and 
 wholesome condition. (Acts 1908, page 266) 
 
 59. Authorizing the State Board of Health to adopt, promul- 
 gate and enforce rules and regulations for the betterment and pro- 
 tection of the public health of the State of Virginia. Be it enacted 
 by the General Assembly of Virginia, That the State Board of Health 
 shall have the power to make, adopt, promulgate and enforce rea- 
 sonable rules and regulations from time to time requiring and pro- 
 viding for the thorough sanitation and disinfection of all passenger 
 cars, sleeping cars, steamboats, and other vehicles of transporta- 
 tion in this State, and also of all convict camps, penitentiaries, jails, 
 hotels, schools, and other places used by or open to the public; to 
 provide for the care, segregation and isolation of persons having, 
 or suspected of having, any communicable, contagious or infectious 
 disease; to regulate the method of disposition of garbage or sew- 
 erage and any like refuse matter in or near any incorporated town, 
 city, or unincorporated town or village of this State; to provide 
 for the thorough investigation and study of the causes of all dis- 
 eases, epidemics and otherwise in this State, and the means for the 
 prevention of contagious disease, and the publication and distribu- 
 tion of such information as may contribute to the preservation of 
 the public health and the prevention of disease ; to make separate 
 orders and rules to meet any emergency, not provided for by general 
 rules and regulations, for the purpose of suppressing nuisances 
 dangerous to the public health and communicable, contagious and 
 infectious diseases and other dangers to the public life and health: 
 provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be construed 
 as in any wise preventing or restricting any person so segregated 
 or isolated from choosing his own method of treatment, or in any 
 wise limiting any diseased person in his right to choose or select 
 whatever method or mode of treatment he may believe to be the 
 most efficacious in the cure of his ailment: provided, however, that 
 nothing herein contained shall be construed as in any wise limiting 
 
46 
 
 any duty, power or powers now possessed by or heretofore granted 
 to the said State Board of Health by the statutes of this State, or 
 as affecting, modifying or repealing any rule or regulation hereto- 
 fore adopted by said board. 
 
 2. That any person who shall violate, disobey, refuse, omit 
 or neglect to comply with any rule of said State Board of Health, 
 made by it in p ursuance of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, 
 and upon conviction thereof shall be punished in the manner pro- 
 vided by law. 
 
 3. Provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall ap- 
 ply to any railroad or sleeping car company whose system of sani- 
 tation and disinfection of its cars is approved by the State Board 
 of Health. (Acts 1910) 
 
 60. Rules and regulations of State Board of Health concerning 
 sanitation of schools. Rule 9. Every building used for school pur- 
 poses, public or private, shall comply with the State law regarding 
 the amount of cubic space per pupil and amount of fresh air to be 
 supplied. (Chapter 56 V, Acts 1908) 
 
 The air in any school-room at all times shall be kept in a whole- 
 some condition, and exercises shall be suspended as often as neces- 
 sary in order to renew the air in any room the ventilation of which 
 is defective. 
 
 Rule 10. No school-room shall be swept except after all school 
 exercises have been concluded for the day. 
 
 The floor of no school -room shall be swept without first having 
 been sprinkled with water or covered with damp sawdust or damp 
 paper. 
 
 All sweepings shall be removed daily from the school-room. 
 
 The furniture and woodwork of every school building shall be 
 wiped down with an approved disinfectant solution at least once 
 each month, and shall be wiped with a damp cloth at least once 
 each week. 
 
 Rule 11. Every room used for school purposes, public or pri- 
 vate, shall be furnished at all times, when in use, with an adequate 
 supply of drinking water of good sanitary quality. This shall be 
 running water wherever same is available. If running water 
 is not available a tank or cooler shall be supplied, furnished with a 
 spigot; or a dipper shall be supplied, which shall be used only for 
 dipping the water from such tank or cooler. 
 
 In addition to the dipper there shall be furnished a cup or glass 
 to be used only for drinking, and which shall not be used for dip- 
 
46 
 
 ping 1 water from the tank or bucket or any other purpose. The con- 
 tents of every receptacle for drinking water must be renewed fresh 
 every morning, and every receptacle, dipper, cup. or glass shall be 
 well washed every morning and scalded with boiling water at least 
 once each week. 
 
 Rule 12. Every building used for public school purposes shall be 
 furnished with two closets, one for males and one for females, sepa- 
 rated as far as possible from each other and so arranged as to give 
 the greatest possible privacy to persons using same. 
 
 Buildings to which water and sewerage are available shall be 
 provided with water closets and connected with the sewerage sys- 
 tem. Where water and sewerage are not available, buildings shall 
 be provided with dry closets, built and maintained in accordance 
 with the standard given in these regulations on dry closets. Such 
 closets shall be at all times maintained in a clean and sanitary con- 
 dition. (Adopted by State Board of Health July 13, 1910) 
 
 61. District not to receive funds until it provides school-houses, 
 and so forth. No school district shall receive any part of the county 
 or State funds until it has made proper provision for school-houses, 
 furniture, apparatus, text-books for the indigent children, and all 
 other means and appliances needful for the successful operation of 
 the schools. (Code, Sec. 1490) 
 
 62. Authorizing county school boards in the State to loan to 
 the district school boards. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assem- 
 bly of Virginia, That where any county school board in this State 
 is possessed of funds, derived by gift or devise, the said county 
 school board is authorized to loan to the school districts in their 
 respective counties a sum of money, not exceeding one thousand 
 dollars, for the purpose of building school-houses in said district, 
 the amount to be loaned to be proportioned according to school 
 population in each district, so that one district may not obtain a 
 greater proportion than another ; and the said district school board 
 is authorized to execute and deliver to the county school board 
 their obligation for any amount so borrowed. The money so bor- 
 rowed shall be expended by district school boards in building such 
 school-houses as their sound discretion may decide upon. (Acts 1908, 
 page 335) 
 
 63. Authorizing the several school boards of the school districts 
 to borrow money belonging to the literary fund. 1. Be it enacted 
 by the General Assembly of Virginia, That an act entitled "an act 
 to authorize the several school boards of the school districts in 
 
47 
 
 this State to bornnv money belonging to the literary fund for cer- 
 tain purposes and to authorize the loan of said funds to such dis- 
 trict," approved March fifteenth, nineteen hundred and six, be 
 amended and re-enacted to read as follows : 
 
 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That 
 the State Board of Education be, and it is hereby, authorized to 
 loan to the school boards of the school districts and cities in this 
 State making application therefor money belonging to the literary 
 fund and in hand for investment for the purpose of erecting school- 
 hovises in such districts and cities, on the terms and conditions 
 hereinafter set forth and subject to such rules and regulations as 
 may be promulgated by the said board. 
 
 2. The several school boards in this State as aforesaid are 
 hereby authorized to borrow money belonging to the said literary 
 fund, and the district or city school board desiring to borrow a 
 part of said fund shall make written application to the State Board 
 of Education and shall set forth therein (one) the amount of the 
 proposed loan; (two) the plans and specifications, estimated cost, 
 and location of the building to be erected; and (three) facts show- 
 ing the advisability of erecting the same. 
 
 3. Upon the approval of the State Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction of the plans and specifications for and the location of 
 the proposed building and of the making of the loan, the State 
 Board of Education may, in its discretion, make such loan: pro- 
 vided, that no such loan for any one building shall exceed the 
 sum of ten thousand dollars, nor shall it exceed fifty per centum 
 of the cost of the same, and no loan shall be made to aid in the 
 erection of a building to cost less than two hundred and fifty dol- 
 lars. 
 
 4. All loans not exceeding three thousand dollars shall bear 
 interest at the rate of four per centum per annum, payable annually 
 on the day of ; the principal thereof shall be pay- 
 able in fifteen annual instalments, and shall be evidenced by bonds 
 or notes payable to the Commonwealth of Virginia for the benefit 
 of the literary fund, executed or signed by the chairman of the 
 school board of each district and attested by the clerk thereof. 
 Payments of interest and principal shall be made to the State Treas- 
 urer through the Second Auditor, and evidences of debt taken for 
 such loans shall be deposited with Second Auditor and kept by 
 him. 
 
48 
 
 5. The school board borrowing funds under the provisions 
 of this act shall request the board of supervisors or the councils 
 of their respective counties or cities or towns to cause a district 
 tax to be levied sufficient to meet its liabilities on such contract; 
 and in the event that such board shall fail to pay any instalment 
 of interest or principal promptly, then, upon notice in writing to 
 that effect from the Second Auditor or from the State Superinten- 
 dent of Public Instruction, the county or city treasurer or other 
 person having the custody of the district funds of such district 
 shall pay to the State Treasurer, through the Sec6nd Auditor, any 
 such past due instalment of interest or principal out of any district 
 funds in his hands belonging to the district or school board. The 
 failure of the school board of a district or city, or the board of 
 supervisors, or the council of a city or town, to provide for the pay- 
 ment of such loan shall be deemed a cause for removal from office. 
 
 6. Before making any loan under this act, the State Board 
 of Education shall be satisfied that the school district or board 
 borrowing the fund has a good and sufficient title in fee to the real 
 estate on which the proposed building is to be erected, and that 
 the same is free from incumbrances, and shall take proper measures 
 to secure the expenditures of the money for the purpose for which 
 it is loaned. 
 
 7. The Board of Education, by reasonable rules and regula- 
 tions, shall provide for an equitable distribution of the funds loaned 
 under this act amongst the several school districts and sections 
 of the State. 
 
 8. The said several school boards or districts of the State 
 making application therefor may borrow money belonging to the 
 literary fund, if it shall seem wise to the State Board of Education 
 to grant the loan in any particular case or cases, to the extent of 
 ten thousand dollars for any one building: provided, that all loans 
 under this section of this act shall boar interest at the rate of five 
 per centum per annum, payable annually, on all amounts loaned in 
 excess of three thousand dollars as aforesaid, and the principal 
 thereof shall be payable in fifteen annual instalments; but the 
 provisions of the preceding sections of this act shall apply to said 
 loans except as modified in this section, but in no event shall more 
 than fifty per centum of the cost of the building be loaned, and the 
 local authorities shall keep the building insured for benefit of the 
 literary fund. There shall also be a specific, lien upon the prop- 
 
49 
 
 erty upon which any loan is made under this section for the pay- 
 ment of said instalments of interest and principal, and the State 
 Board of Education shall not make any such loan in any case in 
 which the payment of said loan would entail, in its judgment, too 
 heavy a charge upon the local revenues of the board or district. 
 
 For the purpose of providing a fund for making the loans pro- 
 vided for in this section, the said Board of Education may convert 
 the present securities of the literary fund into cash, if it shall deem 
 it wise and expedient so to do, to an extent not greater than 
 one hundred thousand dollars per annum. 
 
 2. There being a number of school-houses awaiting completion, 
 an emergency is declared to exist, and this act shall be in force 
 from its passage. (Acts 1908, page 106) 
 
 64. Authorizing schoo 1 boards of the several school districts in 
 the counties of this State to borrow money and to issue bonds for 
 the purpose of erecting and furnishing school-houses, and to pro- 
 vide for the payment of such bonds and the interest to accrue 
 thereon. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, 
 That an act entitled an act to authorize school boards of the sev- 
 eral school districts in the counties of this State to borrow money 
 and to issue bonds for the purpose of erecting and furnishing school- 
 houses, and to provide for the payment of such bonds and the in- 
 terest to accrue thereon, approved March fifteenth, nineteen hun- 
 dred and six, as amended by an act approved February the twen- 
 ty-fifth, nineteen hundred and eight, be amended and re-enacted 
 so as to read as follows: 
 
 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That 
 whenever the school board of any school district in any of the coun- 
 ties of this State shall, by resolution duly spread upon the minutes 
 of the proceedings of such board, declare that an additional school- 
 house or school-houses are necessary to provide additional public 
 school facilities for the children of school age in such district, and 
 the school funds of such district will not 'be sufficient to provide 
 such additional school building or buildings, and to furnish the 
 same, and the statement of facts contained in the resolution of 
 such school board shall be confirmed and approved by resolution 
 of the board of supervisors of the county wherein such school dis- 
 trict is located, the school board of any such district may, when 
 authorized by a vote of a majority of the qualified voters of any 
 such district voting, as hereinafter provided, borrow money for 
 
60 
 
 the purpose of erecting a school-house or school-houses therein and 
 for furnishing the same, and may issue either registered or coupon 
 bonds for the sums of money so borrowed; the said bonds to be 
 payable at a period not exceeding thirty years after their date, and 
 to be made redeemable at the option of any such school board at 
 such time after their date as may be specified in the bonds, and such 
 bonds shall bear interest at a rate not exceeding six per centum per 
 annum, payable either annually or semi-annually, as the school boar(f 
 may prescribe: provided, that no such bonds shall be sold for less 
 than their par value, and that at no time shall the aggregate amount 
 of bonds issued and outstanding in any school district exceed sev- 
 enteen per centum of the aggregate assessed value of the real estate 
 located in such school district. 
 
 2. That the said bonds shall be of such form and denomina- 
 tion as the school board of any such school district, by resolution 
 spread upon the minutes of the board, may precsribe, and shall 
 be signed by the chairman and attested by the secretary of the 
 board, and there shall be a lien upon the school property erected 
 and procured with the proceeds of the sale of any such bonds for 
 the payment of the principal thereof and the interest to accrue 
 thereon ; and if it shall be so stated on the face of the bonds, there 
 shall be a lien on all the school property of the school district is- 
 suing and selling the same for the payment of the principal thereof 
 and the interest to accrue thereon. 
 
 3. That the proceeds realized from the sale of any such bonds 
 issued under the provisions of this act shall not be used for any 
 other purpose than that of erecting school buildings and furnish- 
 ing the same. 
 
 4. That no bonds shall be issued under the provisions of this 
 act unless authorized by a vote of the majority of the qualified 
 voters of the school districts proposing to issue the same voting at 
 a special election to be ordered and held as hereinafter provided. 
 
 5. When the resolutions of the school board and board of 
 supervisors shall be certified to the circuit court of the county in 
 which any such school district is located, together with the loca- 
 tion of the school-house or school-houses to be erected, with the 
 plans, specifications, and estimated cost thereof, approved by the 
 division school superintendent and the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction, the said court shall order a special election to be held 
 in any such district at such time and after such notice (which 
 
51 
 
 shall not be less than two weeks) as the court may prescribe by 
 order entered upon its minutes, to pass upon the question whether 
 such bonds shall be issued or not for the amount recommended 
 by the school board of such district. And the clerk of the court 
 shall give the notice required by the court of such special election 
 by publication in some newspaper of the county in which such 
 school district is located, and if there be no newspaper published 
 in such county, then in a newspaper published in some adjoining 
 county, or nearby city or county, and by having the same posted 
 by the sheriff of the county in at least ten conspicuous points in 
 any such school district, which said notice shall state the amount 
 of bonds to be issued, the purpose of the proposed issue thereof, 
 and whether the said bonds shall be a lien on all the property in 
 the district or a part thereof. The clerk and sheriff of the county 
 shall each receive for their services hereunder two dollars, to be 
 paid out of the county treasury. 
 
 6. The board of supervisors shall prepare the tickets and all 
 other necessary details for such special election, and shall pay the- 
 expenses thereof out of the funds of the county, and any such elec- 
 tion shall be conducted and held in like manner as regular" elec- 
 tions, and the laws of the State applying to general elections shall 
 apply to such special elections, except as hereinafter provided, and 
 the judges and clerks of the regular elections in said district shall 
 be the judges and clerks in any such special election, and shall 
 receive the same compensation; and the voting precincts in any 
 such district for general elections shall also be the same for any 
 such special elections. 
 
 7. The judges and clerks of such special elections shall can- 
 vass the vote and certify the same to the county clerk in the same 
 manner as required by law in general elections, and on the second 
 day following such special elections it shall.be the duty of the 
 county clerk, the Common wealth's attorney, and the commissioner 
 of the revenue, who are hereby constituted a board of canvassers 
 for that purpose, to meet in the clerk's office of said county and 
 to canvass the returns of such special elections, and to certify the 
 results ascertained by them to the board of supervisors of the county, 
 who shall spread the same upon the minutes of the board, and 
 when this shall have been done, if no notice of contest of said elec- 
 tion shall have been filed within ten days after said election, the 
 certificates of the canvassing board hereby created shall be con- 
 
52 
 
 elusive of the legality and regularity of said special election and 
 of the result thereof. 
 
 8. All registered voters of any such school district who were 
 qualified by law to vote in the last preceding general election shall 
 be qualified to vote in any such special election. 
 
 9. From the school levies of any such school district there 
 shall be paid, as it matures, the interest on the bonds hereby author- 
 ized, and there shall be set aside annually, as a sinking fund, such 
 a sum as will provide for the payment of the principal when it 
 matures. Such sinking fund shall be invested in the bonds hereby' 
 authorized, or in such other securities as the said board may, with 
 the approval of the division superintendent of schools for said 
 county, select. The said school board shall annually report to the 
 board of supervisors of the county the amount of the debt outstand- 
 ing and the amount and condition of the sinking fund. 
 
 10. This act shall not be construed to repeal or amend any 
 special acts passed by this or any previous General Assembly al- 
 lowing or authorizing any school district in this State to borrow 
 money and to issue bonds therefor. (Acts 1908, page 103) 
 
 65. Division of school districts into subdistricts ; for govern- 
 ment and administration of same ; for additional school tax therein ; 
 and for appointment of school directors, providing for their terms 
 of office, powers, duties, et cetera. First. That in due time, before 
 the opening of the schools in the year nineteen hundred and seven, 
 or in any year thereafter following the adoption of this act by 
 any county, it shall be the duty of each district school board 
 throughout the State, in each county in which this act may be 
 adopted, as hereinafter provided, to determine, by specified bounda- 
 ries, what shall be the area to be attached to each school-house for 
 a primary school for white children, and to each school-house for a 
 primary school for colored children in the respective districts 
 throughout the district, or in any part thereof. These areas shall 
 be called subdistricts, and their boundaries and numbers may be 
 changed from time to time, at the discretion of the district board, 
 but both in establishing and altering the boundaries of such sub- 
 districts such board shall be governed by the provisions of section 
 one thousand five hundred and three of the Code of Virginia as 
 amended. The subdistricts for the white children shall be renum- 
 bered with cardinal numbers, and the subdistricts for the colored 
 children shall be lettered with capital letters, the letters being 
 further distinguished by cardinal numbers each time the letters 
 
53 
 
 of the alphabet are exhausted, as A-one, B-one, et cetera, A-two, 
 B-two, et cetera; whereupon the district school board shall re- 
 cord these actions on its minutes and certify a copy of same to 
 the clerk of the county, who shall record same in his office in a 
 separate book, which he shall provide at the expense of the county 
 school fund for the purpose. The subdistricts for white and colored 
 children, respectively, shall be considered as separate subdistricts, 
 although the territories may overlap each other, for all the pur- 
 poses and in the construction and application of this act, and 
 only white persons shall vote in the meetings of subdistricts for 
 white persons, and only colored persons shall vote in meetings of 
 subdistricts for colored persons. 
 
 Second. Whenever it may be found necessary for the conve- 
 nience of the people, a subdistrict may be made to include portions 
 of two or more school districts, or portions of two or more coun- 
 ties. Every subdistrict thus formed shall be under the supervision 
 of the district school board, the county school board, and the 
 school trustee electoral board on whose territory the school-house 
 is situated. When it is desired to form a subdistrict from parts 
 of two or more districts in the same county, the matter shall be 
 considered by the district school boards of the districts affected, 
 and on their mutual agreement the boundary lines shall be estab- 
 lished. But in case these boards fail to agree, either one of the 
 district school boards affected may appeal to the county school 
 board of the county. In like manner, if it is desired to form a 
 subdistrict from districts belonging to different counties, the boun- 
 dary lines may be established by the mutual agreement of the 
 school boards of the districts affected. But in case these boards 
 fail to agree, either one of the district school boards affected may 
 appeal to a board of reference, to be composed of the division school 
 superintendent or superintendents of the counties affected, together 
 with the chairman of some district school board of one of the 
 counties affected, to be selected by this superintendent or these 
 superintendents, and the decision of this board of reference shall 
 be final both as to establishing such subdistricts and as to subse- 
 quent changes therein. Any doubtful question as to the loca- 
 tion of the primary school-house in such subdistrict contemplated 
 by this act shall be decided in the same manner as the number 
 of subdistricts and the question of boundary lines; and no action 
 under this section shall become final until the same is approved 
 
 "DnVkli/i Tn o+T-n <rH rn 
 
54 
 
 Third. No children from beyond the limits of a sub district 
 shall be received into the school therein except such as bring a 
 ^special written permit issued and signed by the school directors 
 of subdistrict. The school directors of the subdistricts may grant 
 such permits, and to children from other subdistricts, but only to 
 such children as have their tuition and other expenses to the sub- 
 -district fully provided for, by agreement with the school directors 
 from whose territory such children come, or by being paid for 
 privately to the subdistrict: provided, that the privileges of the 
 -children residing in the subdistrict shall in no wise be interfered 
 with injuriously by the admission of children outside the bounda- 
 ries of such subdistrict. 
 
 Fourth. As soon as practicable after the approval of the State 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction of the subdistricts, the dis- 
 trict boards of the districts in which such subdistricts are lo- 
 cated, respectively, shall, after fifteen days' notice, posted at every 
 postoffice in the district, appoint and call a meeting of all persons 
 having the right to vote at subdistrict meetings as hereinafter pro- 
 vided, at some convenient place in each subdistrict, for the organi- 
 zation of such subdistricts, respectively; for adoption of by-laws; 
 for election of school directors of such subdistricts; and for such 
 other purposes as may be lawfully acted upon by such meetings. 
 Fifth. At such meetings and all subsequent subdistrict meet- 
 ings hereinafter provided for, all male persons qualified to vote 
 for members of the General Assembly of Virginia residing in such 
 subdistrict and who are assessed with school taxes shall be en- 
 titled to vote upon all questions concerning such subdistrict school 
 affairs; and any person entitled to vote at any such meeting may 
 136 chosen thereby as a school officer of such subdistrict. 
 
 Sixth. At such organization meetings, respectively, a chairman 
 shall be chosen by a majority vote of the meeting. The chairman 
 shall appoint a secretary. It shall be the duty of the clerk of the 
 district school board of the district in which such subdistrict is 
 located to furnish the meeting in question with a copy of this act 
 (the same to be furnished to him by the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction), and such act shall either be read to the meeting or 
 the substance thereof explained to the same by the chairman. This 
 being done, the secretary shall make a list of all persons present 
 entitled to vote. If it be ascertained that less than one-fourth of 
 the persons of the subdistrict entitled to vote are present, the 
 meeting shall be adjourned from time to time until at least such 
 
55 
 
 one-fourth in number of such persons are in attendance. Such 
 attendance of one-fourth in number of such persons shall be neces- 
 sary for the transaction of business in this organization meeting 
 and in all subsequent meetings hereinafter provided for. 
 
 Seventh. When it shall be ascertained that the meeting is law- 
 fully constituted to transact business, it shall then proceed to 
 adopt by-laws to define and provide for the manner of calling 
 future subdistrict meetings, annual and special; what person shall 
 preside over the same; the proceedings thereat; the method of vot- 
 ing, except that all voting at this and all subsequent meetings 
 shall be by written ballots; the duties of the officers of such sub- 
 district; and for the governing of other matters pertaining to the 
 welfare of the school of the subdistrict not contrary to law. The 
 by-laws may be changed or added to at any lawful meeting of the 
 subdistrict, annual or special. 
 
 Eighth. The officers of each subdistrict shall be three school 
 directors, who from among their number shall choose one as chair- 
 man, another as treasurer, and another as clerk; all such officers 
 shall hold their office for one year, or until their successors are 
 chosen and qualify. Before entering upon their terms of office 
 such officers shall take the oath prescribed by section eight hun- 
 dred and twelve, and any of them may be required by the by-laws 
 of such subdistricts to give bond in the penalty and with the surety 
 prescribed by such by-laws: provided, that the subdistrict treas- 
 urer shall give bond of the form prescribed by law for county 
 treasurers with some solvent surety company doing business in 
 the State as surety in a penalty equal to double the amount of 
 the total subdistrict school levy for the ensuing year. The com- 
 pensation of such officers, respectively, if any, shall be provided for 
 by each subdistrict in annual meeting. Any two of such school 
 directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of the busi- 
 ness of their board. 
 
 Ninth. The school directors of each subdistrict shall constitute 
 a subdistrict school board, and shall be a body corporate under 
 the name and style of the "subdistrict school board of subdistrict 
 
 number (or letter) " as the case may be, "of the county of 
 
 ," by which name it may sue and be sued, contract and be 
 
 contracted with. 
 
 Tenth. The first election of officers shall be at said organiza- 
 tion meeting, and subsequent elections of officers shall be at the 
 annual subdistrict meetings. Vacancies occurring between annual 
 
66 
 
 meetings shall be filled by the remaining school directors, and ap- 
 pointments thus made shall be valid until the next subdistrict meet- 
 ing. Should the school directors not be elected or appointed as 
 above provided, the district school boards of the districts in which 
 such subdistricts are located, respectively, shall make the appoint- 
 ments. 
 
 Eleventh. It shall be the duty of the secretary of the meetings 
 to report within ten days thereafter to the district board in which 
 such subdistricts are located, respectively, the names of the sub- 
 district officers chosen and also such other action as may be taken 
 by such meetings. 
 
 Twelfth. No one shall be chosen a school director who is una- 
 ble to read and write. 
 
 Thirteenth. Special subdistrict meetings may be called at any 
 time by the subdistrict school board, or, on application in writing 
 of any ten persons entitled to vote in such meetings as above 
 provided, the chairman of such subdistrict board may call any 
 special meeting. 
 
 Fourteenth. The annual subdistrict meetings, subsequent to the 
 organization meetings, shall be held during the month of May of 
 each and every year, and other special meetings at such times as 
 they may be called, as above provided. Annual and special meet- 
 ings may be held at any place for which they are called within 
 the subdistrict, and may be adjourned from time to time to any 
 place within the subdistrict. A majority vote of those present 
 at such meetings, annual or special, provided there be present at 
 least one-fourth of the persons of the subdistrict entitled to vote 
 thereat as above provided, shall be decisive of all questions voted 
 upon thereat. 
 
 Fifteenth. If the officers of the subdistrict unreasonably re- 
 fuse to call a subdistrict meeting, a justice of the peace of the district 
 in which such subdistrict is located, upon application of ten or 
 more persons of the subdistrict entitled to vote at the meetings 
 thereof, as above provided, may call such meeting, annual or 
 special, by a warrant under his hand, directed to any constable of 
 the district, if any, otherwise to any person applying therefor, 
 directing same to summon the persons entitled to vote at such 
 meeting as above provided to assemble at the time and place and 
 for the purpose expressed in the warrant. 
 
 Sixteenth. The division superintendents of the public schools 
 of the division in which such meetings are held, respectively, shall 
 
67 
 
 be entitled to be present at any of said meetings and take part in 
 the discussion of any and all questions and to give advice and in- 
 struction, but shall not be entitled to vote thereat by virtue of 
 this section. 
 
 Seventeenth. At said organization meetings, and at said annual 
 meetings thereafter, said subdistricts, respectively, may, unless 
 the county and district school tax in such county already levied, 
 as may be otherwise provided by law, aggregates five mills on the 
 dollar, by majority vote, which shall include a majority of the 
 freeholders of such subdistrict, make, grant, and vote in favor of 
 a special levy, as a subdistrict school tax, of such amount as they 
 may judge necessary (provided the aggregate of county, district, 
 and subdistrict school taxation shall not exceed five mills on the 
 dollar) for the further support of the public schools of such sub- 
 district, including supplement to the teachers' salary and supple- 
 ment to the expenses of furniture, apparatus, repairs, fuel, for the 
 salary of the subdistrict school officers, if any, and for all other 
 necessary charges affecting the efficiency and welfare of the schools 
 of such subdistricts, respectively ; and such vote in favor of such 
 levy shall be recorded on the minutes of such meeting, and a copy 
 of such minute shall be certified to the board of supervisors; 
 whereupon the board of supervisors, at its next meeting at which 
 it lays the general county levy for the ensuing year, shall, in ad- 
 dition to the county and district school tax otherwise provided for 
 by law, levy for such ensuing year such subdistrict school tax as 
 may have been voted in the respective school subdistricts of the 
 county, and provide for the collection of the same in accordance 
 with the provisions of this act; which action of the board of 
 supervisors shall be forthwith certified by the clerk thereof to the 
 clerks of the respective school subdistricts affected. Thereupon 
 the clerk of said subdistrict school board shall, in a book kept for 
 the purpose, apportion and extend such levy, against the owners of 
 all property, real and personal, within such subdistrict, and other 
 subjects of taxation which should be taxed therein as herein pro- 
 vided, which may be assessed against such owners and subjects 
 of taxation upon the land and property books of the county for 
 the current year and at the valuation fixed by such books. There- 
 after such clerk shall make off from such book kept by him as 
 aforesaid tax tickets against the proper persons for such subdis- 
 trict school tax levy, and place them in the hands of the treas.- 
 
68 
 
 urer of such sub district on or before November first of the current 
 year, and such treasurer shall proceed to collect the same, and on 
 all such tickets not paid by December first of the current year 
 there shall be five per centum of the amount thereof added thereto. 
 Said school subdistrict treasurer, for the collection of such sub- 
 district school taxes shall have all the powers of distress and levy 
 that may be given by law to county treasurers for the collection 
 of other taxes; and each such tax ticket which may not be paid 
 in any year shall be attached to the tax ticket rendered against 
 the same person for the succeeding year or years until paid, and 
 all of such tax tickets shall be and remain in date, and the sub- 
 district treasurer shall have the same power from year to year 
 with respect to the collection of all such uncollected tax tickets as 
 he may have with respect to tax tickets for the current year; and 
 such respective subdistrict school funds shall be paid out by the 
 subdistrict treasurer thereof upon warrants signed by the chairman 
 and countersigned by the clerk of such subdistrict board of the 
 form hereinafter prescribed; and reports shall be made by such 
 treasurer annually to the subdistrict annual meeting, and settle- 
 ment shall be made by such treasurer annually preceding such 
 annual meeting with the subdistrict school board with respect to 
 mich subdistrict school funds, and the result of such settlement and 
 the levy voted at each annual school subdistrict meeting shall be 
 promptly certified by the clerk of such subdistrict board to the 
 school board of the county, and by the latter certified to the divi- 
 sion superintendent of schools along with the estimates provided 
 for in section fourteen hundred and forty-seven. Every school 
 subdistrict treasurer, on going out of office, shall deliver to his 
 .successor all uncollected tax tickets, books and papers belonging 
 ito his office, and all money belonging to his school subdistrict fund, 
 ;and such successor shall have the same powers with respect to the 
 -collection of all such uncollected tax tickets as he has with respect 
 to tax tickets for the current year. For every breach of any con- 
 dition of the bond of every school subdistrict treasurer, action 
 shall be brought at the relation of his successor (and such suc- 
 cessor shall institute same promptly on coming into office), for the 
 benefit of the school subdistrict, before a justice of the peace, if 
 for a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars, and if for a sum ex- 
 ceeding that amount, then in the circuit court of the county, or 
 -.the same, and be by him delivered for record as follows that is to 
 

 69 
 
 days' notice. Upon any judgment rendered in such suit or motion 
 a writ of fieri facias may issue, which shall conform in all re- 
 spects to writs of fieri facias issued under chapter thirty of the 
 Code of Virginia, as a'mended, and be proceeded with in the same 
 manner. 
 
 The school directors of each subdistrict shall also have the fol- 
 lowing powers and duties: 
 
 la. To explain, enforce, observe, and to make rules in execu- 
 tion of the by-laws of their respective subdistricts and supplement- 
 ary thereto, when necessary, for the government of the schools of 
 their respective subdistricts. 
 
 2a. To call general and special meetings of their respective, 
 subdistricts, as provided for by the by-laws thereof and by law. 
 
 3a. To contract with the teacher of the school of their subdis- 
 tricts with respect to the supplement, if any, such subdistrict is 
 to add to the salary of such teacher in addition to the salary paid 
 same from the State, county, and district school funds; and, sub- 
 ject to the rules and regulations of the district school board in 
 which said subdistrict is located, and subject also to said by-laws, 
 and such action as said subdistrict meetings may have taken with 
 respect thereto, if any, to contract for and authorize any other ex- 
 penditures to be made by the subdistrict with respect to the sup- 
 plement, if any, such subdistrict is to add to the funds provided 
 from the State, county, and district school funds, for the expense 
 of furniture, apparatus, repairs, fuel, and other necessary charges 
 affecting the welfare and efficiency of such schools; and to provide 
 for payment of such supplement to the teacher's salary and of 
 such expenditures, including the pay of the clerk of such' subdis- 
 trict board of school directors, and of the school directors thereof, 
 if any, as fixed by the next preceding annual meeting of such sub- 
 district. 
 
 4a. To examine all claims against the subdistrict, and, when 
 approved, to pay the same by warrants drawn on the subdistrict 
 treasurer signed by the chairman of such subdistrict school board 
 of directors and countersigned by its clerk, payable to the person 
 entitled to receive such money, and stating on its face the purpose 
 or service for which it is paid, and that such warrant is drawn in 
 pursuance of an order entered by the board of school directors of 
 the subdistrict in question (designating same plainly by proper 
 
60 
 
 number or letter) on the - - day of - - (designating the or- 
 der). 
 
 5a. To visit the school of their respective subdistricts not less 
 than once each month throughout the school 'session and take care 
 that it is conducted according to law and with the utmost efficiency. 
 They shall also do what they can to secure the enrollment and 
 regular attendance of children at school and to promote the appre- 
 ciation and desire of education among the people. 
 
 6a. To determine what shall be the length of school session in 
 their subdistricts, respectively, each year, in addition to the school 
 session which is authorized by other proper school authorities, for 
 the expenses of which additional length of session the subdistrict 
 shall be responsible. 
 
 7a. To do all in their power to protect and improve the school 
 property, and to render it comfortable, decent, and attractive. They 
 shall also support and counsel the teacher and do what they can 
 to secure justice and harmony among all concerned. 
 
 8a. To report any matter required by the said division superin- 
 tendent of schools at any time called upon. 
 
 9a. To perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the 
 State Board of Education or which may be imposed by law. 
 
 Eighteenth. This act shall not interfere with the duties and 
 authority of the division superintendent of schools in respect to 
 teachers and schools N as heretofore provided by law. Nor shall 
 this act be considered as applicable to cities or towns set off as 
 separate school districts having more than one primary public 
 school, except that such city or town districts are hereby empow- 
 ered to extend their lines beyond the corporate limits so as to em- 
 brace the children in the suburbs when the district school boards 
 of the districts which may be affected thereby shall agree upon 
 the same. And in case of disagreement the matter shall be deter- 
 mined by appeal, as hereinbefore provided; and where new lines 
 have been established for school districts the apportionment of 
 school money to the school districts shall be made to conform to 
 such change. 
 
 Nineteenth. It shall be the duty of the State Board of Educa- 
 tion to make all such rules and regulations as may be needed for 
 carrying into effect the provisions of this act. 
 
 Twentieth. Any State superintendent of public instruction, 
 clerk, district school trustee, division superintendent of schools or 
 
6] 
 
 subdistrict school officer failing or refusing to comply with the pro- 
 visions of this act shall, upon conviction, be deemed guilty of a 
 misdemeaner, and be punished by a fine of not less than fifty and 
 not exceeding one thousand dollars. 
 
 Twenty-first. This act shall apply to those counties, and only 
 to those, in which it may be adopted after due consideration by the 
 county school boards thereof, respectively: provided, ithat the 
 county school board of any county in which this act shall be 
 adopted as aforesaid may, if in its judgment the operation of the 
 same is injurious to the interests of education, apply to the State 
 Board of Education for relief to the county from the provisions of 
 the act, and the said board shall have power to grant such re- 
 lief. (Code, Sec. 1470) 
 
 SCHOOL- OFFICERS 
 
 66. Officers and teachers not to have pecuniary interest in books, 
 and so forth, supplied to schools; exceptions; not to discount war- 
 rant. First. No member of the State Board of Education, nor any 
 division superintendent of schools, nor school trustee, nor any 
 other school officer, nor any teacher of a public free school, shall 
 have any pecuniary interest, directly or indirectly, in any contract 
 for building a public free school-house or in furnishing material 
 to a contractor for building such school-house, or in supplying books, 
 maps, school furniture or apparatus to the public free schools of 
 this State, or act as agent for any author, publisher, bookseller, or 
 dealer in any such school furniture or apparatus, directly or in- 
 directly, receive any gift, emolument, reward, or promise of reward, 
 for his influence in recommending or procuring the use of any 
 book, map, school furniture, or apparatus of any kind in any public 
 free school of this State. Any school officer or teacher who shall 
 violate this provision, besides being removed from his post, shall 
 be subject to a penalty of not less than ten nor more than five hun- 
 dred dollars. Exception to the requirements of this section may 
 be made by the State Board of Education in the case of a school 
 officer or teacher being the author of any school book or map, or 
 the inventor of school furniture or apparatus, in which case the State 
 Board of Education may, in its discretion, make specific arrange- 
 ments whereby such school officer or teacher may, if his book, map, 
 or invention be adopted by the proper authority, enjoy the benefits 
 
62 
 
 of the proceeds thereof without offence: provided, that no unfair 
 advantage be allowed over other competitors in securing the adop- 
 tion of the book, map, or invention. Exceptions shall also be made 
 in the case of a merchant who, in the regular course of trade and 
 without employing agents to solicit such business, sells either books 
 selected and adopted by the State Board of Education or supplies 
 used in the schools and by the pupils. 
 
 Second. It shall not be lawful for any member of a school 
 board, or any officer of the public free schools, or any firm in 
 which said trustee or officer is interested, or any agent of such 
 trustee or officer, to be concerned in any contract with a public 
 free school board or a committee of such school board for any 
 work or labor ordered to be done, or for goods, wares, or merchan- 
 dise or supplies of any kind ordered by a school board or a commit- 
 tee of such school board, except as provided in first subdivision of 
 this section. It shall be unlawful for any such trustee or officer to 
 sell, convey, or deliver any goods, wares, merchandise, or supplies 
 of any kind to a school board or a committee of such board, or 
 to receive, directly or indirectly, any profit or emolument from any 
 contract with, or sale to, such board or a committee thereof, except 
 as provided in this section. If any such contract or sale shall 
 be made it shall be void, and if such claim or bill be paid, the amount 
 paid, with interest, may be recovered by the county or district 
 within two years after payment by action or motion in the circuit 
 court having jurisdiction over said county or district. 
 
 Third. It shall be unlawful for any county, district, or school 
 officer, school trustee, or corporation officer in this Commonwealth 
 to acquire by purchase, at less than its face value, directly or in- 
 directly, express or implied, any warrant or other evidence of in- 
 debtedness issued by any board of supervisors or any common 
 council or hoard of aldermen of any county, city or town in this 
 Commonwealth, or any warrant or claim issued by any of the pub- 
 lic free school officers or school boards of this State for the pay 
 of teachers, or the building of school-houses, or purchase of school 
 books, school furniture, or apparatus. Any such officer or trustee 
 violating the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a 
 misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a 
 fine of not less than twenty dollars nor more than five hundred 
 dollars, and in the discretion of the jury may be imprisoned in the 
 county or corporation jail not more than six months; and the 
 
63 
 
 judge of every circuit and corporation court in this Commonwealth 
 shall give this law specially in charge to every grand jury em- 
 paneled therein. (Code, Sec. 1472) 
 
 67. Delivery of records, and so forth, to successors. All school 
 officers going out of office shall deliver to their successors the 
 records and all official papers belonging to the office. In case of 
 the refusal or failure of any officer to do so, on demand by his suc- 
 cessor, he shall forfeit not less than twenty-five nor more than one 
 hundred dollars therefor, and a like penalty for each month dur- 
 ing which he shall persist in withholding the same. (Code, Sec. 
 1473) 
 
 68. Penalties on officers and teachers. Any division super- 
 intendent of schools, school trustee, or other school officer, or any 
 teacher in a public school, who shall, by malfeasance or neglect r 
 offend against the provisions of this chapter, if no other specific 
 penalty be prescribed, shall be subject to a fine of not less than 
 five nor more than fifty dollars for each offence. (Code, Sec. 1474) 
 
 69. Disposition of penalties; how sued for. All penalties and 
 forfeitures imposed by the school law upon a division superinten- 
 dent or a county treasurer of the county, and all penalties imposed 
 upon the school trustees or other district school officers, or upon teach- 
 ers, shall be for the benefit of the literary fund. The suit for such 
 penalties shall be in the name of the Commonwealth, and if prose- 
 cuted in a court of record it shall be the duty of the attorney for 
 the Commonwealth for the county to conduct the same. It shall 
 also be the duty of the attorney for the Commonwealth, and any 
 school officer of the county, or of any school district, as the case- 
 may be, to set such prosecution on foot: provided, that if a penalty 
 shall be inflicted for any such offence by any of the school authori- 
 ties, in pursuance of the school law, the party shall not be a second 
 time subjected to a penalty therefor. (Code, Sec. 1475) 
 
 70. Removal of officer from office; proceedings therefor. The 
 circuit courts of counties and the corporation courts of corpora- 
 tions shall have power to remove from office all county, city, and 
 district officers elected or appointed for their respective counties, 
 cities, and districts for malfeasance, misfeasance, incompetency, or 
 gross neglect of official duty: provided however, that such power 
 to remove the clerk of a court shall be vested only in the court of 
 which he is clerk: provided further, that nothing in this section 
 shall be construed to interfere with any power vested in the mayor 
 of any city by section one hundred and twenty, article eight, of the 
 
64 
 
 Constitution of the State, or to repeal any provision of the charter 
 of anj r city, or any ordinance in pursuance of such charter, for the 
 removal of any of its officers. All proceedings under this section 
 shall be by order of, or on motion before, the proper court upon 
 reasonable notice to the officer to be affected thereby; and such 
 officer shall have the right to demand a trial by jury, except in 
 cases where the officer is an appointee. (Code, Sec. 821) 
 
 71, Form of general oath. Every person, before entering upon 
 the discharge of any function as an officer of this State, shall take 
 and subscribe the following oath: "I, - , do solemnly 
 swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United 
 States, and the Constitution of the State of Virginia ordained by 
 the convention which assembled in the City of Richmond on the 
 twelfth day of June, nineteen hundred and one, and that I will 
 faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties in- 
 cumbent upon me as - - according to the best of my ability. 
 So help me God." (Code, Sec. 168) 
 
 72, Form of oath against duelling where disabilities not re- 
 moved. He shall also at the same time, unless his disabilities shall 
 have been removed by the General Assembly, take and subscribe 
 the following oath: "I swear that I have not, while a citizen of 
 this State, since the tenth day of July, nineteen hundred and two, 
 fought a duel with a deadly weapon, or sent or accepted a chal- 
 lenge to fight a duel with a deadly weapon, either within or beyond 
 the boundaries of this State, or knowingly conveyed such chal- 
 lenge, or aided or assisted in any manner in fighting such duel: 
 and that I will not fight a duel with a deadly weapon, or send or 
 accept a challenge to fight a duel with a deadly weapon, either 
 within or beyond the boundaries of this State, or knowingly con- 
 vey such challenge, or aid or assist in any manner in fighting such 
 duel, during my continuance in office. So help me God." (Code, 
 Sec. 169) 
 
 73, Where the fact of oaths having been taken is recorded. 
 When a person elected or appointed to any office or post takes the 
 oaths required of him in a court of record, a transcript from the 
 record of the court, stating the fact of their having been taken, 
 and when he takes such oath before a judge or other person, a 
 certificate of the person administering the same, stating the fact 
 of their having been taken, shall be obtained by the person taking 
 the same, and be by him delivered for record as follows that is to 
 
65 
 
 say : When the oaths are taken by the Governor, Lieutenant- Gover- 
 nor, Attorney-General, Secretary of the Commonwealth, State Treas- 
 urer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of Agri- 
 culture and Immigration, State Assayer and Chemist, mem- 
 bers of the State Corporation Commission, Librarian and 
 Commissioner of the State Hospitals for the Insane, either 
 of the officers mentioned in sections two hundred and twenty- 
 three, two hundred and thirty-two, two hundred and thirty-three, 
 or forty-one hundred and sixty, or a commissioner appointed by 
 the Governor, the record shall be on the journal of the executive; 
 when taken by any of the clerks mientioned in the fourth, fifth, and 
 sixth subdivisions of section one hundred and eighty-three, it shall 
 be in the office of that officer by whom the clerk may have been ap- 
 pointed; when taken by a judge, the record shall be in the first 
 court in which he sits; when taken by any officer appointed by or 
 belonging to a court, it shall be in the said court or in such other 
 as prescribed by law; in the case of a member or officer of either 
 house of the General Assembly, the record shall be on the journal 
 of the house, or in such other manner as the house may prescribe 
 by its rules. 
 
 And in the case of any other officer, unless it be otherwise pro- 
 vided, the record shall be in the court of the county or corporation 
 in which the duties are to be discharged; or, if his duties are not 
 to be discharged wholly in one county or corporation, then in the 
 court of the county or corporation in which such officer resides. 
 (Code, Sec. 175) 
 
 74. Teachers to hold certificate of qualification. Every teacher 
 of a public free school shall hold a certificate in full force, issued 
 or approved by the division superintendent prior to July first, 
 nineteen hundred and six, or after that date to be issued by the 
 State Board of Examiners and Inspectors and approved by the 
 superintendent of schools for the division within which such teacher 
 is to be employed. (Code, Sec. 1476) 
 
 75. To pay teachers in the public schools of Virginia without 
 requiring average attendance of pupils. The pay of a teacher in 
 the public schools of this State shall not be governed by the daily 
 average attendance of pupils, provided the average attendance of 
 pupils exceeds ten. (Code, Sec. 1480a) 
 
66 
 
 76. Relief of school teachers. In cases where the monthly sal- 
 ary of a public free school teacher has been reduced in consequence 
 of a lower average attendance of pupils during any month or 
 months of the school term than the average required by law, and 
 it further appears from the term report that the average attend- 
 ance of pupils during any month or months of the school term 
 has been above that required by law, then such teacher shall be 
 entitled to a compensation per capita at the rate specified in the 
 contract to the extent to which the excess in the average attend- 
 ance above the required average makes up for the deficiency there- 
 in: provided, that in no case shall the whole amount of salary al- 
 lowed exceed the maximum salary specified in the teacher's writ- 
 ten contract. Warrants for such amounts as may be shown by 
 the term report to be due shall be issued and paid in the manner 
 prescribed by law for issuing and paying other warrants for teach- 
 ers' salaries. (Code, Sec. 1480b) 
 
 77. To keep register and deliver same at close of term to clerk. 
 Every teacher in a public free school shall keep a daily register 
 of facts pertaining to his school in such form as the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction shall require, and shall be responsible for the 
 safe keeping and delivery of the same to the clerk of the school 
 board at the close of the school term, or of the period of his service, 
 whichever shall first happen. (Code, Sec. 1477) 
 
 78. Must enter into written contracts. Written contracts shall 
 be made by the district school board with all public free school 
 teachers, in a form to be prescribed by the Superintendent of Pub- 
 lic Instruction, before they enter upon their duties. Such contracts 
 shall be signed in duplicate, each party holding a copy. (Code, 
 Sec. 1478) 
 
 79. Providing a retirement fund for public school teachers. 
 Any person, not including the division superintendents, who has 
 taught in the public schools of this State, may make application to 
 be retired and pensioned under the terms of this act, provided his 
 case comes under either of the two following classifications: 
 
 Class "A" shall include every person who has taught in the 
 public schools of this State an aggregate of at least twenty years 
 and who has maintained a good record and by reason of physical 
 or mental infirmity or old age is incapable of rendering efficient 
 service as a teacher. 
 
 Class "B" shall include every person who has taught in the 
 
67 
 
 public schools of this State for an aggregate of at least 30 years- 
 and who has maintained a good record and has reached the age- 
 of 58 years if a man, and 50 years if a woman. 
 
 The State Board of Education is authorized, and it shall be its 
 duty, to place any such person on the list to be known as the "re- 
 tired teachers* list," and pay him a pension as hereinafter pro- 
 vided, subject to the exceptions .and restrictions mentioned here- 
 in; and a careful record of the names of the teachers pensioned 
 under this act shall be kept by the State Board of Education. 
 
 2. No applicant under Class "A" shall be pensioned until and 
 unless his mental or physical disability is shown by evidence satis- 
 factory both to the State Board of Health and the State Board of 
 Education, and either of the said boards may order a special medi- 
 cal examination by some physician appointed by it, the expenses, 
 not exceeding five dollars in each case of the said special examina- 
 tion, to be borne by the applicant, unless otherwise directed by 
 the State Board of Education. 
 
 3. Any person in either class retired under this act shall have- 
 deducted from the first year's pension an .amount equal to thirty 
 per centum of the average annual salary earned by such person 
 during the last five years he was a teacher in this State less the 
 amounts already contributed to the pension fund by such person 
 retired. 
 
 All money so deducted shall be used to create a permanent en- 
 dowment for the retirement fund, and only the income shall be 
 used in paying pensions or other current expenses. 
 
 4. The fund; whence derived. In order to provide a fund to 
 pension said retired teachers, all contracts with teachers shall pro- 
 vide that the chairman and clerk of the school board, or other 
 officers whose duty it is to pay public school teachers, shall deduct 
 monthly from the salary of each teacher in the State a sum equal 
 to one per centum of his salary. In order that the sum so deducted 
 shall be promptly covered into the treasury of the State, it shall 
 be the duty of the State Board of Education to deduct from the 
 annual apportionment on account of the appropriation of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly and the accumulated interest on the investmeent& 
 of the literary fund one per centum of the total amount of the sala- 
 ries of the teachers of each county, town, or city, as shown by the 
 annual report of the division superintendent for the preceding 
 year. Should the salaries of the teachers for the current year ex- 
 
68 
 
 ceed the salaries paid the preceding year, then the State Board of 
 Education shall deduct for the succeeding year an additional amount 
 sufficient to cover said excess, it being the intention in this section 
 of the act to provide a convenient means of paying the pensions 
 deducted from the teachers' salaries into the State treasury without 
 having the trouble and expense of many small remittances from a 
 large number of clerks of district boards. All amounts so deducted 
 and received shall be placed by the State Treasurer to the credit 
 of the fund, to be called the "retired teachers' fund," and an accu- 
 rate account shall be kept of all funds so received. 
 
 5. Appropriation. The sum of $5,000 per annum is hereby ap- 
 propriated out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appro- 
 priated to carry into effect the provisions of this act. The said 
 sum shall be turned over to the State Board of Education and de- 
 posited as aforesaid with the State Treasurer, to be placed to tne 
 credit of the fund created by section four of this act. 
 
 6. Legacies, bequests, and so forth. All legacies, bequests, and 
 funds derived from devises for the benefit of the teachers under this 
 act shall be paid over to the State Board of Education and shall be 
 by it transferred as aforesaid to the Treasurer of Virginia, to be 
 placed to the credit of the fund provided for in section four or seven 
 of this act, as may be proper to carry out the terms of the gift. 
 
 All money belonging to this fund, from whatsoever source de- 
 rived by the State Board of Education, shall be paid into the treas- 
 ury of the State through the office and upon the warrant of the 
 Second Auditor of Virginia. 
 
 7. The State Board of Education shall be permitted to invest 
 the capital and unappropriated income of the said "retired teach- 
 ers' fund," as provided in the eleventh subdivision of section four- 
 teen hundred and thirty-three of the Code, with all the powers of 
 investment or re-investment granted by said section. And all se- 
 curities belonging to said fund shall be deposited with the Second 
 Auditor for safe keeping, who shall return with his annual report 
 a list thereof with a statement of their value. 
 
 Only the income of the funds received and invested under this 
 section shall be used in paying pensions or other current expenses. 
 
 8. What pensions to be paid. The State Board of Education 
 shall quarterly, on the first day of January, April, July and Octo- 
 ber of each year, issue its warrant on said fund, signed by the 
 president and secretary of said board, for the benefit of each person 
 whose name has been placed on said list for the quarter immediately 
 
69 
 
 preceding the time of payment for a sum equal to one-eighth of 
 the average annual salary earned by such person during the last 
 five years he was a teacher in the public schools of this State. The 
 Second Auditor shall issue his warants to said persons accord- 
 ingly. In no event, however, shall any quarterly pension exceed 
 the sum of one hundred dollars: provided, that any person whose 
 average annual salary during the last five years he was a teacher 
 in the public schools of this State equaled or exceeded one thousand 
 dollars may receive as a quarterly pension as much as one hun- 
 dred and twenty-five dollars. In the event that the available 
 funds shall, in the judgment of the State Board of Education, upon 
 a prudent and equitable appropriation of the same, for any quarter 
 be insufficient to pay all pensions due for the quarter to the full 
 amount thereof, then the same shall be paid pro rata according 
 to the amount of money that is available as aforesaid. 
 
 9. The State Board of Education shall see that proper arrange- 
 ments are made for keeping an accurate account of all moneys re- 
 ceived, invested or disbursed under this act, and the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction shall include a full statement of all the trans- 
 actions of said fund in his annual or his biennial report. The State 
 Board of Education shall require proper and sufficient bonds from 
 the person or persons charged with the management or custody 
 of said funds, except in the cases of the State Treasurer and Second 
 Auditor, whose official bonds shall cover the said funds, for the 
 proper application of which they and the sureties on their official 
 bonds shall be liable. 
 
 10. Prior to January 1, 1911, no person shall be placed on the 
 "retired teachers' list" under Class "A" or Class "B" unless such 
 person shall have taught at least one session in the public schools, 
 of this State since July 1, 1908; after January 1, 1911, and prior 
 to January 1, 1912, no person shall be placed on said list unless 
 such person shall have taught at least two sessions since July 1, 
 1908 ; after January 1, 1912, and prior to January 1, 1913, no person 
 shall be placed on said list unless such person shall have- taught 
 at least three sessions since July 1, 1908; after January 1, 1913, 
 and prior to January 1, 1914, no person shall be placed on the pen- 
 sion list unless such person shall have taught at least four sessions 
 since July 1, 1908; and after January 1, 1914, no person shall 
 placed on the pension list unless such person shall have taught at 
 least five sessions since July 1, 1908: provided, that the provisions 
 of this section shall not apply to any person whose apphcati. 
 reached the State Board of Education prior to July 1, 1908. 
 
70 
 
 10J. Any person who would have been entitled to a pension 
 
 under this act under either Class "A" or Class "B" had it been in 
 
 force prior to July 1, 1908, and subsequent to July 1, 1902, and who 
 
 retired either voluntarily or on account of physical disability from 
 
 teaching in the public schools prior to July 1, 1908, and subsequent 
 
 to July 1, 1902, and who is otherwise qualified under the provisions 
 
 -of this act, shall receive under this act a pension equal to one-fourth 
 
 of the average salary earned by such person in teaching a public 
 
 ^school during the last five years of his service, which shall be paid 
 
 .-as other pensions are paid under this act, and all other provisions 
 
 .affecting other pensioners under this act shall apply to those pen- 
 
 -sioned under this section. 
 
 11. The State Board of Education shall publish annually the 
 retired teachers' list in the Virginia Journal of Education, or some 
 Bother paper selected by it, giving the name, age, and quarterly pen- 
 sion of each person on said list, together with a statement of the 
 class under which he is retired. 
 
 12. In the interest of fairness and justice to all parties, the de- 
 ductions provided for in section three of this act shall be made to 
 apply to all persons whose names have been or shall be placed on 
 
 tthe "retired teachers' list" prior to the time this law goes into 
 effect under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by 
 the State Board of Education. 
 
 13. The State Board of Education is authorized to make such 
 further rules and regulations as are necessary to carry out the pur- 
 poses, of this act. 
 
 80. May suspend pupils. A teacher of a public free school 
 may, for a sufficient cause, suspend pupils from attendance on the 
 school until the case is decided by the board of school trustees, 
 which shall be with as little delay as possible: provided, that in 
 all such cases of suspension the teacher shall report the facts 
 in writing to the district school board, and to the parent or 
 guardian of the child suspended. (Code, Sec. 1479) 
 
 81. Meeting of teachers to be encouraged; summer schools. 
 (First. Teacher's meetings. County or district school boards 
 ytnay encourage meetings of teachers to be held from time to time 
 
 / in any county or school district under such regulations as the 
 
 / division superintendent of schools may prescribe. 
 
 Second. Appropriation for summer schools.- A sum not ex- 
 ceeding five thousand dollars, payable out of any amount appro- 
 priated out of the general fund of the State for public free school 
 
71 
 
 purposes, may be used annually by the State Board of Education 
 for the establishment and maintenance of State summer schools 
 for the better equipment of the teachers in the public schools of 
 this State: provided, that not less than eight such summer schools 
 shall be held annually in this State. 
 
 Third. Purpose of summer schools. The purpose of said sum- 
 mer schools shall be to familiarize the teachers in the public 
 schools of this State with more advanced methods of teaching and 
 to furnish such additional academic training as will tend to pro- 
 mote the usefulness of the public schools. 
 
 Fourth. How conducted. The said summer schools shall be 
 conducted under the general management of the State Board of 
 Education, and shall be subject to the supervision of the Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, who shall from time to time select 
 the places of holding said summer schools, the instructors thereof, 
 and regulate the course of instruction to be pursued therein. 
 
 Fifth. Terms and regulations. The said summer schools shall 
 be held for a period of not less than four weeks in each year, be- 
 ginning on such day or days in the summer vacation of the pub- 
 lic schools as may be designated by the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction. The sum hereby authorized to be expended shall be 
 applied exclusively to the payment of instructors and to other 
 necessary expenses incident to the conduct of said schools: pro- 
 vided, that all claims for services of instructors and other neces- 
 sary expenses shall be submitted to and approved by the State 
 Board of Education, and when so approved shall be paid by war- 
 rants of said board, drawn on the Second Auditor, and a separate 
 account of the receipts and disbursements on account of the ap- 
 propriation shall be kept by said board. (Code, Sec. 1481) 
 
 82. Preference to be given to graded schools. In all localities 
 where the number of children is sufficient, preference shall be 
 given, under suitable regulations, to the establishment of graded 
 schools. (Code, Sec. 1502) 
 
 83. What to be taught in schools. In every public free school 
 shall be taught orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, gram- 
 mar, geography, physiology, and hygiene, civil government, draw- 
 ing, history of the United States and history of Virginia. In 
 teaching physiology and hygiene approved text-books shall be 
 used plainly setting forth the effects of alcohol and other narcotics 
 on the human system, and such effects shall be as fully and thor- 
 oughly taught as are other branches of the said last named sub-, 
 
72 
 
 jects. Provision shall further be made for moral education ID- 
 the public schools to be extended throughout the entire course. 
 Such instruction shall be imparted by reading books and text- 
 books inculcating the virtues of a pure and noble life. The text- 
 books shall be selected as are other text-books by the State Board 
 of Education. (Code, Sec. 1497) 
 
 84. Provision for intermediate grades of instruction. For the 
 purpose of encouraging an intermediate grade of instruction be- 
 tween that of the grammar school and that of the college, any 
 county school board or any district school board may, under 
 regulations to be prescribed by the State Board of Education, 
 establish and maintain schools of higher grade, or in any public 
 school provide for instruction in any branches necessary to qualify 
 pupils to teach in the public schools or to enter institutions of 
 higher education: provided that for instruction in such higher 
 branches the board may require a fee, to be paid monthly or quar- 
 terly in advance, not to exceed two dollars and fifty cents per 
 month for each pupil. (Code, Sec. 1498) 
 
 85. Higher branches not to interfere with elementary. The 
 establishment of such schools of higher grade or the introduction 
 of such higher branches shall not be allowed to interfere with 
 regular and efficient instruction in the elementary branches. (Code, 
 gee. 1499) 
 
 86. How number of schools regulated. The number of schools 
 in the State shall be according to the funds available, and for 
 this purpose the district school boards are authorized to provide 
 for the consolidation of schools and the transportation of pupils 
 (Code, Sec. 1503) 
 
 87. To establish and maintain a system of public high schools 
 and to appropriate money therefor. First. It shall be lawful for 
 any district school board or district school boards to establish and 
 maintain a public high school at such place as may be both most 
 convenient for the pupils who attend and most conducive to the pur- 
 poses of such school: provided, that the high school may be con- 
 ducted either in a suitable building provided for that purpose, or in 
 the same building with one of the graded schools of the district in 
 which said high school is established, but no State funds shall be ap- 
 propriated under this act for high school purposes until provision 
 has been made to maintain, for a term of at least five months in each 
 year, the primary and grammar school of the district or districts es- 
 tablishing said hiffh school in such county or counties. 
 
73 
 
 Second. Two or more districts in the same or adjoining coun- 
 ties may unite in establishing and maintaining a joint high school 
 under the provisions of this act, and under such rules and regu- 
 lations as may be prescribed by the State Board of Education; and 
 the said board shall also prescribe the requirements for admission 
 to such high school and the conditions on which properly pre- 
 pared pupils residing in other districts may attend said high 
 school. 
 
 Third. The superintendent or superintendents of any division 
 in which said high school shall be established shall give due notice 
 of the same to the State Board of Education, and before any State 
 funds shall be appropriated for the support of such school the 
 said board shall cause the same to be inspected by a competent 
 person, to see that 'suitable arrangements have been made to 
 enable the school to conform to such standard as may be pre- 
 scribed by the State Board of Education for regularly organized 
 public high schools in this Commonwealth; and when the district 
 school board or district school boards shall appropriate annually 
 as much as two hundred and fifty dollars for the support of such 
 high school from the local school funds under the restrictions, 
 named in the first section of this act, or from funds privately sub- 
 scribed for this purpose, and this fact shall have been duly certi- 
 fied to the State Board of Education by the superintendent of the 
 division in which such high school is established, then the State 
 Board of Education shall issue annually a warrant on the Second*. 
 Auditor for two hundred and fifty dollars ($250), except as here- 
 inafter provided, in favor of the treasurer of the county in whichj 
 such high school is located, which money shall be placed to the- 
 credit of the high school fund of the district in which such high 
 school is located and paid on the warrant of the district school 
 board exclusively for the support of said high school. The treas- 
 urer of each county in which such high school is located shall 
 keep such funds separate and distinct from other public school 
 funds, and shall make a detailed report of receipts and disburse- 
 ments* of said high school fund to the division superintendent of 
 so.hools at the same time that he makes the annual report of hi& 
 settlement with the county school board: provided,, that not more 
 than one high school in any school district shall have the bene- 
 fit of the appropriation of State funds provided for in this act un- 
 less, in the judgment of the State Board of Education, the area- 
 
74 
 
 and school population of a district may justify the establishment 
 of more than one high school therein. 
 
 Fourth. The sum of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) is hereby 
 appropriated annually for the purposes of this act, to be paid 
 out of any money in the State treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
 which amount, or so much thereof as shall be necessary, upon 
 the itemized statement of the State Board of Education duly cer- 
 tified and filed with the Auditor of Public Accounts, shall be 
 turned over by the Auditor of Public Accounts, to the Second Audi- 
 tor and shall be placed to the credit of the literary fund, and shall 
 be used exculsively for the support of public high schools established 
 and maintained in accordance with the provisions in this act; 
 provided, that if any district school board or district school boards 
 shall appropriate a larger amount the State Board of Education 
 shall issue annually a warrant equal to the amount appropriated 
 by said district school board or district school boards, but said 
 warrant issued by said State Board of Education shall not ex- 
 ceed four hundred dollars ($400) for any one high school in any 
 one year; provided also, that the State Board of Education shall 
 have the power to fix such rules and regulations as are neces- 
 sary for the proper distribution of this fund. (Acts 1906, page 
 350) 
 
 88. To provide for normal instruction in certain public high 
 .schools. Whereas trained and capable teachers are indispensable to 
 an efficient system of public schools ; and whereas there are now in 
 successful operation in nearly every school division in the State 
 public high schools in which are taught the higher branches of 
 'learning, and which by the adoption of a normal school course 
 in connection with the ordinary curriculum provided for such 
 schools can be made a convenient and economical means of pro- 
 viding competent teachers for primary schools in the rural dis- 
 tricts of the State; therefore, 
 
 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That 
 the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be, 
 necessary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated annually for 
 the purposes of this act, to be paid out of any money in the State 
 treasury not otherwise appropriated; which amount, upon the 
 order of the Board of Education, duly certified and filed with 
 the Auditor of Public Accounts, shall be turned over by said Audi- 
 tor to the Second Auditor and shall be placed to the credit of 
 the literary fund, and shall be used exclusively for the pay of 
 
75 
 
 teachers in the normal department of such public high schools 
 as may be designated by the State Board of Education as 
 hereinafter prescribed: provided, that no school shall receive un- 
 der this act during any year a larger appropriation than fifteen 
 hundred dollars. 
 
 2. The State Board of Education shall issue annually a war- 
 rant on the Second Auditor for such sums as may be appropriated 
 to the high schools designated by said board in favor of the 
 treasurer of the county or city in which such high school is 
 located, which money shall be placed to the credit of the high 
 school fund of the district in which such high school is located 
 and paid on the warrant of the district school board exclusively 
 for the pay of teachers employed in the normal school department 
 of said high school. 
 
 3. The State Board of Education shall designate the public 
 high schools in which a normal school department may be estab- 
 lished and conducted under the provisions of this act, and shall 
 prescribe the normal course which is to be adopted and taught 
 in said schools in connection with the high school curriculum al- 
 ready provided, and shall determine the qualifications of all teach- 
 ers employed in such normal school department. The chief object \ 
 of such normal school department shall be to instruct teachers in 
 the best methods of organization, teaching and management of 
 primary schools in the rural districts. The Board of Education, 
 in its discretion, may prescribe that any pupil receiving the benefit 
 of such course of normal school training shall obligate himself 
 to teach for not less than two years in the rural public schools of 
 the State. 
 
 4. The said Board of Education shall designate not more than 
 one such high school in any county; but the said board may in 
 its discretion select some public high school within an incorporated 
 town or city which is located in such county, provided no State 
 normal school is located in said incorporated town or city. 
 
 5. This act shall be in force from July thirty-one, nineteen 
 hundred and eight. (Acts 1908. page 69) 
 
 89. To provide for instruction in agriculture, domestic arts and 
 sciences, and manual training in public high schools. 1. Be it 
 enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia. That in at least 
 one public high school, to be selected by the State Board of Edu- 
 cation in each congressional district of the State, a thorough 
 course in agriculture, the domestic arts and sciences and manual 
 
76 
 
 training shall be given in addition to the academic course pre- 
 scribed for such high schools, and at least one-fourth of the school 
 time shall be devoted to these subjects. 
 
 2. Not less than five acres of land, convenient to each of said 
 schools, shall be acquired by lease, purchase or donation for the 
 purpose of providing practical demonstration in agricultural 
 science. The cultivation of these lands, as far as practicable, shall 
 be done by the students themselves. 
 
 A careful account shall be kept of the product of each stu- 
 dent's labor, showing how it is disposed of and the prices received 
 on the products which are sold. The proceeds of such sales shall 
 be applied or used under general regulations adopted by the dis- 
 trict school board of the county in which the agricultural school 
 is located, which regulations must be approved by the State Board 
 of Education. 
 
 3. Suitable buildings shall be provided and equipped for the 
 purposes of said schools, including workshops planned for practi- 
 cal instruction in elementary manual training, in bench work, and 
 in other forms of shop work applicable to rural life. 
 
 4. All female students attending the high schools provided 
 for under this act shall be instructed in the domestic arts and 
 sciences, and suitable equipment for such instruction shall be pro- 
 vided by the district school boards out of the funds applicable to 
 the maintenance and equipment of the school. Said female stu- 
 dents may also take the agricultural course if they so desire. 
 
 5. The agricultural high schools established under this act 
 may be used as centers for directing the demonstration farm work 
 and other extension work throughout the bounds of the several 
 congressional districts, and shall be conducted under such rules 
 and regulations as the State Board of Education and the presi- 
 dent of the Virginia College of Agriculture and Polytechnic In- 
 stitute may prescribe. 
 
 6. For the fiscal year ending the twenty-eighth day of Feb- 
 ruary, nineteen hundred and eleven, the sum of thirty thousand 
 dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appro- 
 priated out of the sum turned over to the- State Board of 'Educa- 
 tion for apportionment among the schools of the primary and 
 grammar grades, the said thirty thousand dollars to be used for 
 the purpose' of carrying out the provisions of this act. 
 
 7. For the fiscal year ending the twenty-eighth day of Feb- 
 ruary, nineteen hundred and twelve, and annually thereafter, the 
 
77 
 
 sum of thirty thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of the 
 sum turned over to the State Board of Education for apportion- 
 ment among the schools of the primary and grammar grades for 
 the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act. And for 
 the said last named fiscal year the further sum of twenty-five 
 thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of any money in the 
 tree'asury not otherwise appropriated to be used for the special 
 purpose of providing buildings and equipment for said schools. 
 And for the said last named fiscal year the further sum of ten 
 thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of the sum turned 
 over to the State Board of Education for apportionment among 
 the schools of the primary and grammar grades for the purpose 
 of providing for the traveling, demonstration and extension work 
 to be connected with the said high school. All of the sums ap- 
 propriated by this section of this act shall be turned over to the 
 State Board of Education to be by that board apportioned and 
 expended as provided by the terms of this act. (Acts 1910, page 
 362) 
 
 90. To authorize the boards of supervisors in the several coun- 
 ties in this State to appropriate money for the establishment, equip- 
 ment and maintenance of agricultural schools. Whereas by an 
 act approved on the fourteenth day of March, nineteen hundred 
 and eight, the General Assembly of Virginia authorized the estab- 
 lishment of an agricultural school in each congressional district 
 of the State ; therefore. 
 
 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That 
 the board of supervisors in the several counties in this State be, 
 and they are hereby, authorized to appropriate such sum or sums 
 of money as to them may seem proper, in their discretion, for 
 the establishment, equipment or maintenance of such an institu- 
 tion. 
 
 2. All appropriations heretofore made by the board of super- 
 visors of any county for the purposes above mentioned are hereby 
 ratified and validated. (Acts 1910, page 328) 
 
 PUPILS 
 
 91. Who admitted to public schools; provision for children of 
 adjoining districts; separate schools for white and colored. The 
 
 public free schools shall be free to all persons between the ages 
 of seven and twenty years residing within the school district: and 
 
78 
 
 the State Board of Education shall have power, and it shall be its 
 duty, to make regulations whereby the children of one district 
 may attend school in an adjoining district, either in or out of the 
 county: provided, that white and colored persons shall not be 
 taught in the same school, but shall be taught in separate schools, 
 under the same general regulations as to management, usefulness, 
 and efficiency. (Code, Sec. 1492) 
 
 92. Qualifications of preceding section. The preceding sec- 
 tion is subject to the following qualifications: 
 
 First. Any person domiciled in this State who is a taxpayer 
 in any school district of the State, although not a resident of said 
 school district, may send his children to any public free school 
 therein upon such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by 
 the school board of the said school district, and any guardian who 
 is a taxpayer as aforesaid for his ward or wards shall be entitled 
 to the same privilege for them if they are domiciled in Virginia: 
 provided, that the said taxpayer or guardian shall have the right, 
 of appeal to the county school board of the county in which said 
 district is situated, which said county school board shall decide 
 finally what are just and proper terms and conditions in each 
 case: and provided further, that children whose parents or guar- 
 dians do not reside in a town constituting a separate school dis- 
 trict or a city shall be received into the public schools of such town 
 or city only upon such terms and conditions as may be prescribed 
 by the school board thereof for children residing therein; but the 
 provisions of this act shall not apply to indigent children. 
 
 Second. The school board of any district bordering on another 
 State which grants the same privilege to the State of Virginia may, 
 in its discretion, admit into its school, free of tuition, persons of 
 school age residing beyond the limits of this State, but near thereto,, 
 if their parents or guardians pay taxes in the said district. 
 
 Third. Attendance shall be upon the school in the district 
 nearest to the residence of the pupils, unless otherwise ordered 
 by the district school board, subject to the regulations of the. 
 State Board of Education. (Code, Sec. 1493) 
 
 93. Who colored; who Indian. Every person having one-six- 
 teenth or more of negro blood shall be deemed a colored person,, 
 and every person not a colored person having one-fourth or more- 
 of Indian blood shall be deemed an Indian. (Acts 1910, page 581; 
 
 94. Admission of persons between twenty and twenty-five 
 vears of age. Any board of district school trustees may, in its 
 
79 
 
 discretion, admit as pupils into any of the public free schools of 
 its district persons between the ages of twenty and twenty-five 
 years on the prepayment of tuition fees, under regulations to be 
 prescribed by the State Board of Education, provided the admis- 
 sion of such pupils will not, in the opinion of the district board, 
 impair the usefulness and efficiency of such school. (Code, Sec. 
 1494) 
 
 95. Providing (in certain cases) for the compulsory attend- 
 ance of children between the ages of eight and twelve years upon 
 the public schools of Virginia, and providing penalty for failure, 
 and designating the manner of collecting such penalties. 1. Be 
 it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That every parent, 
 guardian, or other person having charge or control of any child 
 between the ages of eight and twelve years shall be required to 
 send such child to a public school of this Commonwealth for at 
 least twelve weeks in each school year, at least six weeks of which 
 shall be consecutive, unless the district school trustees of the dis- 
 trict in which such parent, guardian or other person resides ex- 
 cuse for cause such child, or unless such child be weak in body 
 or mind, or can read and write, or is attending a private school, 
 or lives more than two miles by the usual traveled route from 
 the nearest public school, or more than one mile from the line of 
 an established public free school wagon route: provided, however, 
 that the provisions of this act shall not apply in any county, city 
 or town of this Commonwealth except and until the qualified 
 voters of such county or city or town shall, as hereinafter pro- 
 vided, avail themselves of the provisions hereof. 
 
 2. The provisions of this act may be made to apply in any 
 county, city, town or magisterial district constituting a separate 
 school district of this Commonwealth by submitting the question of 
 compulsory education to the qualified voters of such county, city, 
 or town at any general election to be held in said county, city, 
 town or magisterial district composing a separate school district 
 at any general election to be held in said county, city or town, 
 or at any special election held for the purpose as hereinafter pro- 
 vided. 
 
 Whenever the school board of any county, city, or town shall, 
 by a recorded vote, express the desire to submit the question of com- 
 pulsory education to the people of such county, city, town or 
 magisterial district constituting a separate school district at a 
 general election, it shall be the duty of the division superintendent 
 
80 
 
 of such county or city to certify that fact to the electoral board 
 of such county or city, who shall, at least thirty days before the 
 next general election see to it that the question is printed upon 
 the official ballot of such election in type similar to that used for 
 the rest of the ballot, and in the following form: "For compulsory 
 education/' "Against compulsory education." 
 
 Whenever a majority of a county, city or town school board, 
 or a number of qualified voters of such county, city, town or mag- 
 isterial district composing a separate school district equal in num- 
 ber to one-third of the total number of votes cast in said county, 
 city, town or magisterial district composing a separate school dis- 
 trict at the last preceding regular November election by a peti- 
 tion duly signed, shall petition, in writing, the judge of the circuit 
 or corporation court of any county or city for a special election 
 in such county or city on the question of compulsory education 
 therein, such court or judge shall, within ten days after the re- 
 ceipt of said petition, issue a writ of election, in which shall be 
 fixed the day of holding such election, directed to the sheriff of 
 his county or sergeant of his corporation, as the case may be, whose 
 duty it shall be to post forthwith a notice of said election at each 
 voting precinct in said county, city, town or magisterial district 
 composing a separate school district, as the case may be. He 
 shall also give notice to the officers charged with the duty of con- 
 ducting other elections in said county, city, town or magisterial 
 district constituting a separate school district, as the case may be; 
 but no special election shall be held under this act within less 
 than thirty days from the posting of such notices as aforesaid. 
 Said special election shall be held and conducted as other special 
 elections are held and conducted. If it appear from the abstracts 
 and returns of said general or special election that a majority of 
 the votes cast in the county, city, town or magisterial district 
 constituting a separate school district as a whole, as the case may 
 be, were for compulsory education, then, at the beginning of the 
 next school year after the holding of such election the provisions 
 of this act for compulsory education shall become effective in 
 any county or city thus voting in favor thereof. 
 
 After any such general or special election has been held in 
 any county or city there shall not be another election under this 
 act held in said county or city within two years. 
 
 3. The ballots to be used in said special election shall be re- 
 spectively as follows: "For compulsory education," "Against com- 
 
81 
 
 pulsory education." In all other particulars, except wherein other- 
 wise provided by this act, said election shall be held, conducted, the 
 returns thereof canvassed and certified, or contested, according to 
 the provisions of chapter twenty-five of the Code of Virginia so 
 far as applicable. 
 
 Those qualified to vote in such special election shall be those 
 who were qualified to vote at the preceding regular November 
 election, and such others as may have come of age, registered 
 and become qualified voters since said preceding regular election. 
 
 4. In every county or city of this Commonwealth in which the 
 provisions of this act may be made to apply as aforesaid each 
 district school board shall, on the second Monday in February and 
 the second Monday in September, or within fifteen days there- 
 after, each year, in such manner as the State Board of Educa- 
 tion may direct, ascertain the condition of all children between 
 the ages of eight and twelve years who are not in attendance 
 upon any public school, and shall report all violations of this act 
 to its district clerk, who shall at once proceed to prosecute each 
 and every such offence. 
 
 5. A parent, guardian, or other person who fails to comply 
 with the provisions of this act shall be liable to a fine of not less 
 than two nor more than ten dollars for the first offence, nor less 
 than five nor more than twenty dollars for each subsequent of- 
 fence; such fine shall be collected by the clerk of the respective 
 district school boards in the name of the Commonwealth, and 
 in an action before any court of competent jurisdiction, and the 
 money so collected by each clerk shall be paid into the State 
 treasury and be applied to the district school fund of the dis- 
 trict or districts from which the said fines were received. 
 
 6. The clerk of the district school board in each district in 
 the counties or cities wherein the provisions of this act are 
 adopted as aforesaid shall prosecute every offence against the pro- 
 visions of this act, when a member of the district school board, 
 or any taxpayer of the district in which the offending party re- 
 sides files with him an affidavit setting forth the facts consti- 
 tuting the offence: and if he neglect to do so within fifteen days 
 after such affidavit is filed he shall be liable to a fine of not less 
 than five nor more than ten dollars for each case of such neglect, 
 to be collected in the name of the Commonwealth before any 
 court of competent jurisdiction by any person feeling aggrieved 
 thereby, and the money collected for such fine shall be paid into 
 
82 
 
 the State treasury and applied to the district school fund of the 
 district in which such clerk resides. 
 
 7. Two weeks' attendance at half time or night school shall 
 be considered, within the meaning of this act, equivalent to an 
 attendance of one week at a day school. 
 
 8. For each and every prosecution under the provisions of 
 this act the clerk of the district school board of the district 
 wherein such prosecution is had shall receive a fee of two dol- 
 lars, to be paid out of the district school fund of said district. 
 (Acts 1908, page 640) 
 
 96. Minimum required for a school. A minimum number of 
 pupils, under regulations to be prescribed by the State Board of 
 Education, shall be required in order to form a public free school. 
 (Code. Sec. 1495) 
 
 97. Exclusion of persons with contagious diseases, or who have 
 not been vaccinated. Teachers shall require of the pupils cleanli- 
 ness of person and good behavior during their attendance at school 
 and on their way thither and back to their homes. 
 
 Persons suffering with contagious diseases shall be excluded 
 from the public free schools while in that condition. Every teacher 
 and pupil shall, within ten days after entering a public free school, 
 furnish a certificate from a reputable physician certifying that 
 such teacher or pupil has been successfully vaccinated or is en- 
 titled to exemption by reason of peculiar physical condition: pro- 
 vided, that nothing in this section shall preclude a school board 
 from requiring immediate vaccination in case of an epidemic of 
 small-pox or the annual revaccination of those who have not fur- 
 nished certificates of proper vaccination: provided further, that 
 the operation of so much of this section as concerns vaccination 
 may be suspended in whole or in part by the school board of any 
 city or county. 
 
 Should any children who attend the public free schools be un- 
 able to pay for vaccination they shall be vaccinated with genuine 
 vaccine matter at the cost and expense of the town or county, and 
 provision shall be made therefor by the council of the town or by 
 the board of supervisors of the county. (Code. Sec. 1496) 
 
 98. Compulsory vaccination free to the poor, including children 
 attending free schools. The council of any city or town and the 
 board of supervisors of any county. Avhen in their judgment occa- 
 sion requires, may cause persons residing within the limits of such 
 city, town, or county to be vaccinated with genuine vaccine matter;: 
 
83 
 
 and the council oi' any city or town and the board of supervisors of 
 any county may enforce obedience to its ordinance or orders, as the 
 case may be, by fixing fines and penalties for the violation of said 
 ordinance or orders. Should any person, including children who 
 attend the public schools, be unable to pay for vaccination such 
 person shall be vaccinated with genuine vaccine matter at the cost 
 and expense of the city, town, or county, and provision shall be 
 made therefor by the council of the city or town or by the board 
 of supervisors of the county. (Code, Sec. 1733) 
 
 99. An act for the testing of the sight and hearing- of pupils in 
 the public schools. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of 
 Virginia, That the State Superintendent of Public Instruction be f 
 and is hereby, directed to prepare or cause to be prepared, upon the 
 advice and approval of the State Board of Health, suitable test 
 cards, blanks, record books, and other needful appliances to be used 
 in testing the sight and hearing of pupils in the public schools, and 
 shall also obtain necessary instructions for the use thereof; and shall 
 furnish the same free of expense to all the schools of the State r 
 upon request of the school board of any county or city, ac- 
 companied with the statement from the clerk thereof that the said 
 board had by resolution adopted the use of said test cards, blanks, 
 et cetera, and had directed the use thereof in schools under their 
 charge; and within fifteen days after the beginning of the term, 
 or after receiving the said test cards, et cetera, the principal or 
 teacher in all said schools shall test the sight and hearing of all 
 the pupils under their charge, and keep a record of such exami- 
 nations in accordance with instructions furnished, and whenever 
 a pupil is found to have any defect of vision or hearing, or disease 
 of the eyes or ears, he shal! forthwith notify the parent or guar- 
 dian, in writing, of said defect, with a brief statement thereof. 
 Copies of said reports shall be preserved for the use of the State 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction as he may require. 
 
 The State Superintendent of Public Instruction, upon approval 
 of the State Board of Health, may expend during the year nine- 
 teen hundred and eight the sum of not greater than four hundred- 
 dollars, and annually thereafter a sum of not greater than three- 
 hundred dollars, for the purpose of carrying out the provision.- 
 of this act. (Acts 1908, page 661) 
 
84 
 
 COUNTY TREASURER 
 
 100. Duties of county treasurer as to school funds; his pay, 
 The county treasurer shall, in all cases, collect and disburse or 
 invest the funds placed under the control of a county or district 
 school board and all moneys coming into the hands of said boards 
 in accordance with the direction of the board controlling the fund, 
 and, unless otherwise specially provided, shall receive such com- 
 pensation as the county school board may determine: provided 
 that the same shall not be more than one per centum upon the 
 amount received. For the proper application of all such funds 
 he and his sureties upon his official bond shall be liable. (Code, 
 Sec. 1449) 
 
 101. To provide the commissions that shall be allowed county 
 treasurers upon funds handled by them that are raised by the is- 
 suance and sale of county bonds and of school district bonds. 
 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That in 
 all cases where funds are raised by the board of supervisors of 
 the several counties in this State by the issuance and sale of county 
 bonds and of school district bonds that were not otherwise 
 provided by statute, the compensation to be paid to the treasurer 
 of the respective counties for receiving and disbursing the fund 
 derived from such sale shall be one-fourth of one per centum: pro- 
 vided, however, that the compensation of treasurers under this act 
 shall in no case be less than fifteen dollars nor more than two hun- 
 dred and fifty dollars. (Acts 1908, page 559) 
 
 102. County treasurers to receive and disburse school moneys; 
 to collect school levies and keep separate accounts; their compen- 
 sation. All school moneys to be disbursed in any county shall be 
 received, kept, and disbursed by the county treasurer thereof, sub- 
 ject to similar responsibility as in case of other funds by law com- 
 mitted to him. It shall be his duty also to receive and collect 
 all taxes levied or ordered by the board of supervisors of his coun- 
 ty for public free school purposes therein at the same time and 
 in the same manner, and subject to the same provisions, regula- 
 tions, restrictions, and penalties as are or may be prescribed by 
 law for the receipt and collection of county levies for other and 
 ordinary purposes. He shall keep the district funds in separate 
 accounts from those of the State and county, but his books shall 
 show whence and on what accounts the moneys were severally de- 
 
85 
 
 rived, and by what order, on what account, and to whom the dis 
 bursements were made. He shall make disbursements only in pur 
 suance of a warrant, in writing, from the proper authority, in 
 manner and form as prescribed in this chapter. For receiving. 
 collecting, and disbursing levies imposed for and by counties or 
 school districts, he shall be entitled to the same compensation al- 
 lowed him by law for receiving, collecting, and disbursing county 
 levies and for other ordinary purposes. In computing commis- 
 sions for collecting and disbursing all sums levied for county, 
 school, and district purposes, the amounts shall be treated as one 
 sum, and shall not be divided for the purpose of calculating the 
 treasurer's commissions. Has compensation for disbursing 
 moneys apportioned to the county from the State funds for public 
 free school purposes shall be a commission of not exceeding one 
 per centum on the amount thereof, to be fixed by the county school 
 board. (Code, Sec. 1515) 
 
 103. When to receive taxes and levies; advertise time and 
 place; penalty on taxpayers after the first of December; treas- 
 urer to call on each taxpayer; when they may distrain. Each 
 treasurer shall commence to receive the State taxes and county 
 and city levies on or before the first day of July of each year, or 
 as soon thereafter as he may receive copies of the commissioners* 
 books, and continue to receive the same up to the first day of 
 December thereafter; and for this purpose each county treasurer 
 shall advertise for at least ten days at the court-house and at the- 
 voting places in the magisterial districts, in such manner as may 
 be necessary to give general publicity thereto, upon what day or 
 days he will be at some convenient public places in each magis- 
 terial district to receive taxes and levies; and shall, at the time 
 specified, go to the places so designated and remain there one day 
 or more, at his discretion, for the purpose of receiving the State 
 taxes and county levies, and shall receive the same, and so forth. 
 Any person failing to pay any State taxes or county and city levies 
 to the treasurer by the first day of December shall incur a penalty 
 thereon of five per centum, which shall be added to the amount of 
 taxes or levies due from such taxpayer, which, when collected 
 by the treasurer, shall be accounted for in his settlements. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the treasurer, after the first day of 
 December, to call upon each person chargeable with taxes and 
 levies who has not paid the same prior to that time, or upon the 
 agent, if any, of such person resident within the county or cor- 
 
86 
 
 poration, for payment thereof; and upon failure or refusal of such 
 person or agent to pay the same he shall proceed to collect them 
 my distress or otherwise: provided, that should it come to the 
 knowledge of the treasurer that any such person or persons owing 
 such taxes or levies is moving or contemplating moving from the 
 county or corporation prior to the first day of December, he shall 
 have power to collect the same by distress or otherwise at any 
 time after such said bills shall have come into his hands: provided 
 further, that it shall not be necessary for the treasurer of the 
 county of Henrico to designate or to go to any place other than 
 the county court-house in the city of Richmond in order to receive 
 the taxes and levies to be paid to such treasurer. (Code, Sec. 
 603) 
 
 104. Treasurers to return lists of uncollectable taxes and delin- 
 quents. The treasurer, after ascertaining which of the taxes and 
 levies assessed in his county or city cannot be collected, shall, 
 not later than the first day of July in each year, make out lists of 
 three classes to-wit: First, a list of property on the commissioner's 
 land book improperly placed thereon or not ascertainable, with the 
 amount of taxes and levies charged on such property; secondly, 
 a list of other real estate which is delinquent for the non-payment 
 of the taxes and the levies thereon; and thirdly, a list of such of 
 the taxes and levies so assessed other than on real estate as he is 
 unable to collect, except that in the counties of Accomac and North- 
 ampton it shall be lawful for the treasurers of said counties to 
 make such lists at any time prior to the first day of December of 
 any year. (Code, Sec. 605) 
 
 105. Compensation of treasurers for receiving and paying over 
 revenue. Every treasurer shall be allowed for his services in re- 
 ceiving and paying over the revenues on amounts of twenty-five 
 thousand dollars and less, five per centum, and on amounts in ex- 
 cess of twenty-five thousand dollars, three and one-half per 
 
 -centum, which shall be the entire compensation allowed treasurers 
 in counties and cities in which the revenue exceeds twenty-five 
 thousand dollars: provided, that in counties and cities in which 
 the revenue does not exceed ten thousand dollars he shall, in ad- 
 dition to the five per centum, receive four per centum on all reve- 
 nues remaining unpaid on December first and collected by him; 
 and in counties and cities in which the revenue exceeds ten thou- 
 sand and does not exceed fifteen thousand dollars he shall, in 
 .addition to the five per centum, receive three per centum on all the 
 
87 
 
 revenues remaining unpaid December first and collected by him: 
 provided further, that the commissions of the city treasurer for 
 collecting and paying over the revenue where the annual collec- 
 tion is in excess of sixty thousand dollars, shall be at the rate of 
 two per centum on such excess: provided further, that where the 
 revenue exceeds fifteen thousand dollars but is not sufficiently in 
 excess thereof to make the treasurer's compensation as much as it 
 would have been had such revenue been less than fifteen thousand 
 dollars, the treasurer shall be entitled to two per centum commis- 
 sion on all revenues remaining unpaid the first of December and 
 collected by him up to fifteen thousand dollars. (Code, Sec. 613) 
 
 106. Their compensation for receiving and disbursing levies. 
 The county treasurer shall be allowed for his services in receiv- 
 ing and disbursing the county and school levies, including all 
 moneys collected by order of the county authorities for any pur- 
 pose, the compensation provided for in the preceding section, and 
 the city treasurer shall be allowed for his services in receiving 
 and disbursing the city and school levies (where he is collector o( 
 such levies) the same rate of compensation allowed by the preced- 
 ing section for receiving and paying over the revenues, except on 
 all amounts over twenty-five thousand dollars, on which such city 
 treasurer shall be allowed three and a half per centum. But 
 upon all funds turned over by any outgoing county treasurer .his 
 successor, for receiving and disbursing said funds, shall have not 
 more than two per centum commission. (Acts 1910, page 160.) 
 
 107. Treasurer's accounts; how rendered and examined. The 
 county treasurer shall, on the first day of December of each year, 
 or within twenty days thereafter, make to the division superinten- 
 dent of schools, on blanks to be furnished by the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction, a report showing the amount collected on 
 account of the State, county, and district school levies, respective- 
 ly, prior to the first day of December of said year on which no 
 penalty is due, and also the balance of each of said levies uncol- 
 lected and upon which the penalty of five per centum is to be 
 added, and showing the number and amount of warrants on the 
 State, county, and district funds presented for payment from each 
 district, respectively, the number and amount of such warrants 
 paid by the treasurer and the balance of State, county, and dis- 
 trict funds on hand, and to what districts due. If any treasurer 
 shall fail to comply with the provisions of this section it shall be 
 the duty of the county school board to impose a fine of not less 
 
88 
 
 than one dollar nor more than five dollars a day for each day of 
 such delinquency, the said fine to be deducted from any pay or per- 
 centage of such treasurer. The said report shall be verified by 
 the affidavit of the treasurer. 
 
 The treasurer of every town constituting a single school dis- 
 trict shall perform like duties, be subject to like fines and penal- 
 ties, and be entitled to the same rate of compensation as the treas- 
 urer of a county. (Code, Sec. 1518) 
 
 108. Annual reports of treasurers and clerks of district 
 boards to county board; records and papers. It shall be the duty 
 of the county treasurer to furnish, for the use of the county school 
 board at its annual meeting in August, a report for the school 
 year closing next preceding said meeting, showing in detail all 
 transactions pertaining to the receipt and disbursement of school 
 funds for said school year, together with his books, vouchers, or 
 other official papers which contain accounts or evidences of receipts 
 or disbursements; and likewise it shall be the duty of the clerks 
 of the district boards to lay before the county school board, at 
 the annual meeting, their official record and account books, con- 
 tracts, deeds, and all other official books and papers pertaining 
 to the school business of the year just closed. Upon examination 
 of these records, accounts, or papers, should there appear to have 
 been any delinquency or irregularity in the acts of the treasurer 
 or clerk of the county or district boards, or of any district board, 
 or any member thereof, it shall be the duty of the county school 
 board to cause a minute of the facts to be made in its records, 
 and to take such other action as the case may require. It shall 
 also be the duty of the county school board to cause all warrants 
 which have been presented and paid by the county treasurer at 
 this settlement to be cancelled by some efficient cancelling device, 
 after which the said warrants shall be delivered to the division 
 superintendent, who shall keep the same on file at least twelve 
 months before destroying them. (Code, Sec. 1484) 
 
 109. Penalty for failure; superintendents to report on delin- 
 quent officers. Should any county treasurer or clerk of any dis- 
 trict school board fail to produce and lay before the county board. 
 his books and papers as required by the preceding section, it shall 
 be the duty of the clerk of the county board to enter upon the 
 minutes of that meeting a fine of twenty-five dollars against every 
 such delinquent treasurer or clerk, which amount shall be deducted 
 from the pay or percentage of such officer. 
 
89 
 
 It shall be the duty of the division superintendent, before 
 sending his annual report to the Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction, to examine the books and papers of every such delin- 
 quent officer, and to make a special report thereon in connection 
 with his annual report. The county board shall have power to 
 remit the said fine only on the presentation of good and sufficient 
 reasons for so doing, and the resolution remitting said fine shall 
 not be effective unless and until the same shall have been approved 
 by the State Board of Education. (Code, Sec. 1485) 
 
 110. Unexpended school funds; how disposed of. All sums 
 of money derived from State funds which are unexpended in any 
 year in any public free school district shall go into the general 
 school fund of the State for redivision next year, unless the State 
 Board of Education direct otherwise; and all sums derived from 
 the county or district funds unexpended in any year shall remain 
 a part of the county or district funds, respectively, for use the 
 next year. But no sums derived from county or district funds 
 shall be subject to redivision outside of the county or district, 
 respectively. (Code. Sec. 1520 or 1521) 
 
 111. Treasurer not to deal in county warrants; remedy for 
 failure to pay warrant. No county treasurer or any of his depu- 
 ties shall, either directly or indirectly, obtain by contract, pur- 
 chase, barter or exchange, either for himself or any other person, 
 or become the owner, in whole or in part, of any warrant drawn 
 upon the county treasury or payable out of the same; and if any 
 county treasurer or deputy shall so contract for or purchase any 
 such warrant such treasurer shall not be allowed in his annual 1 
 settlement the amount of said warrant, or any part thereof, and 
 this shall be in addition to the penalties prescribed in section eight: 
 hundred and sixty-six. If any such treasurer fail to pay, upon* 
 presentation, any legal warrant, having in his hands at the time- 
 funds out of which the same ought to be paid, or fail to set apart, 
 necessary funds when the same shall come into his hands for the 
 payment thereof in its order, if listed under section eight hundred 
 and fifty-nine, and to pay over the amount due upon such warrant 
 as soon thereafter as the same may be again presented, the holder 
 thereof may. on motion in his own name, in the circuit court 
 of the treasurer's county, recover from him and his sureties the 
 amount of such warrant, together with damages, after the rate of 
 ten per centum per month on the said amount from the time such 
 
90 
 
 treasurer should have paid the same, and the costs of such motion, 
 including an attorney's fee of five dollars. (Code, Sec. 863) 
 
 112. Suits against treasurers. For every breach of the condi- 
 tion of the bond of the treasurer of any county or city, either in 
 failing to account for and pay into the treasury all taxes due 
 from him to the State, or to pay over to his successor all moneys 
 required by section eight hundred and sixty-two to be paid to his 
 successor in office when he goes out of office, suit may be brought 
 against such treasurer and his sureties on his official bond in the 
 first case in the circuit court of the city of Richmond for the use 
 of the State, or in the second case in the circuit court of his 
 county or the circuit or corporation court of his city, at the rela- 
 tion of his successor, for the use of the city, county, district. 
 'County school board or district school board, as the case may be, 
 or the same, together with damages and costs as prescribed by 
 section eight hundred and sixty-three, may be recovered by mo- 
 tion in said courts. A motion under this section shall be after 
 .at least five days' notice, and when on behalf of the Common- 
 wealth shall be in the nam of the Commonwealth, and in all other 
 cases in the name of the successor in office of such treasurer. Upon 
 .any judgment rendered in such suit or motion a writ of fieri facias 
 may issue, which shall conform in all respects to writs of fieri facias 
 issued under chapter thirty, and be proceeded with in the same 
 manner. (Code, Sec. 865) 
 
 113 When treasurer settles with board of supervisors. The 
 treasurers of the several counties of this State shall settle with the 
 board of supervisors and school boards by the first day of October 
 of each year, and shall, on said first of October, exhibit to said 
 judge and Commonwealth's attorney the cash to balance their 
 accounts, if any is due, with the county levy and the county school 
 fund. If any treasurer fail to produce said cash to balance his 
 said account, then said court shall, after service of rule as pre- 
 scribed by section three of this act, suspend said treasurer and 
 .appoint some competent person to discharge his duties, as pro- 
 vided in section three of this act. (Codo, See. 786a. Sub. Sec. 5) 
 
 114. Relief of any county or city treasurer who has lost the 
 school warrant issued to any county or city treasurer. Upon the 
 production of satisfactory evidence that the school warrant issued 
 by the Auditor of Public Accounts to any county or city treasurer 
 for any year has been lost, and that the amount of said warrant 
 lias been paid in the manner prescribed by law by the treasurer 
 
91 
 
 of said county or city, the Auditor of Public Accounts is hereby 
 authorized, upon settlement with said treasurer, to credit him with 
 the amount of said warrant: provided, that the- Auditor of Public 
 Accounts shall take from the said treasurer a bond of indemnity 
 of sufficient penalty, with proper security, conditioned to save the 
 Commonwealth harmless by reason of the loss of said warrant. 
 (Code, Sec. 773b) 
 
 115. Limiting the time in which warrants drawn by the super- 
 visors, school boards, and county boards shall be paid. No war- 
 rant or order drawn on the county treasurer of any county by the 
 board of supervisors, district school board, or circuit court shall 
 be paid by said treasurer unless said warrant or order be pre- 
 sented to be paid and registered in a book, to be kept by the 
 treasurer for that purpose, within two years from date of the 
 drawing of the said warrant. (Code, Sec. 860a) 
 
 116. Ascertaining and publishing a statement of the annual 
 receipts and disbursements of the counties and cities of the Com- 
 monwealth. First. The treasurers of the several counties and cities 
 of the Commonwealth shall, at the date of their annual settlements 
 with the Auditor of Public Accounts as required by law, be, and 
 they are hereby, required to furnish to the Auditor a statement 
 showing the amount of receipts and disbursements of the county or 
 city, as the case may be, for the preceding year. Such statement of 
 receipts shall show what amount was collected by the county or 
 city from taxes on real and personal property, from incomes, 
 licenses, and all other sources. The statement of disbursements 
 shall show what amount was paid on account of judges, Com- 
 monwealth attorneys, clerks, sheriffs, schools, roads, for support 
 of the poor, and such other purposes as may be designated as here- 
 inafter provided. 
 
 Second. It shall be the duty of the Auditor of Public Ac- 
 counts to make out and furnish to the treasurers of the counties 
 and cities of the Commonwealth, thirty days prior to the date 
 fixed for their annual settlements as required by law, proper forms 
 for the statements required by the first section of this act, and the 
 Auditor in his discretion may add such items of receipts or dis- 
 bursements, in addition to those required by the first section of 
 this act, as he may deem proper. 
 
 Third. The Auditor at the time of publishing his annual report 
 shall include in such report a statement or table of the receipts 
 and disbursements of the several counties and cities of the Com- 
 
92 
 
 monwealth as shown by the returns hereby required. (Code, Sec. 
 853a) 
 
 117. To permit city and county school boards to change the 
 depositaries of school funds, to prescribe the methods therefor, 
 and to fix the compensation, duties and responsibilities of such 
 depositaries. First. It shall be the duty of the superintendent of 
 schools of any county or city of this Commonwealth whose treasurer 
 fails to pay, upon presentation, any warrant drawn on him for school 
 purposes, to require such treasurer to furnish to the said super- 
 intendent, within thirty days thereafter, a statement, under oath, 
 of all moneys in his hands or collected by him for school pur- 
 poses, whether they be State, county, city, or district funds, and 
 the amount of each of said funds he may have disbursed. 
 
 Second. Whenever any county or city treasurer refuses or 
 fails to furnish the statement as required in section one of this 
 act, in the time and manner therein prescribed, or fails to pay, 
 apon presentation, any warrant drawn on him for school purposes, 
 having in hand sufficient funds to pay such warrant, it shall be the 
 duty of the school superintendent of such county or city to notify 
 the school board thereof of such failure; and it shall be the duty 
 of such school board, and they are hereby empowered, to direct 
 that all funds held by the treasurer of the county or city for 
 school purposes, whether they be State, city, county, or district 
 funds, be transferred and paid over by the treasurer of said county* 
 or city to such depositary as the said county or city school board 
 may designate. No commission shall be allowed said treasurer 
 for the disbursement of any money he is hereby required to turn 
 over to the depositary. 
 
 Third. The county or city school board shall enter on their 
 minutes an order or resolution directing the transfer of funds as 
 provided by the second section of this act, and designate the de- 
 positary to which said funds are to be paid, and shall cause a 
 copy of said order or resolution to be delivered to the judge of 
 the county or corporation court, the treasurer of the county or 
 city, and the several district school boards of their county. 
 
 Fourth. Such depositary shall reside in the county or city 
 for which he is appointed, and before receiving any money under 
 this act shall enter into bond, with good security, before the 
 county or corporation court of such county or city, or the judge of 
 such court in vacation, in such penalty as shall be prescribed by 
 such court or judge, which bond shall be payable to the Common- 
 
93 
 
 wealth, and with conditions to faithfully account for and pay 
 over all moneys received by such depositary by virtue of his of- 
 fice. 
 
 Fifth. Such depositary shall receive the same compensation 
 as is paid to county and city treasurers for disbursing State 
 school funds, and be subject to the same pains and penalties as 
 are now inflicted by law on county or city treasurers, and be re- 
 covered before the same courts and in the same manner as the 
 same are recovered of such treasurers. All laws now in force, or 
 hereafter enacted with reference to drawing warrants for school 
 funds on county or city treasurers, the payment of said warrants, 
 making settlements with county or city school boards, rendering 
 statements, paying over funds to depositaries, or in any way af- 
 fecting the disbursement of funds held by county or city treas- 
 urers for school purposes, shall apply to such depositaries in like 
 manner as the same apply to such county and city treasurers. 
 
 Sixth. As soon as the bond required of the depositary under 
 the fourth section has been given, the city school board and the 
 several district school boards shall draw warrants on such treas- 
 urer for all school funds in his hands, whether State, city, county 
 or district funds, in favor of said depositary, and deliver the same 
 to the depositary. The warrants shall be signed by the president 
 and secretary of such city or district school board and shall be 
 forthwith presented by such depositary for payment to the treas- 
 urer of such city or county, who shall pay the same on demand. 
 
 Seventh. If any treasurer of any city or county shall fail to 
 pay any such warrant on demand as hereinbefore provided the 
 amount of such warrant, together with damages thereon, after the 
 rate of ten per centum per month and costs, including an attor- 
 ney's fee of five dollars, may be recovered of him and the sure- 
 ties on his official bond by said depositary in the manner and be- 
 fore the courts mentioned in sections eight hundred and sixty-three 
 and eight hundred and sixty-five of the Code, or either of said sec- 
 tions. And it shall be the duty of such depositary to take such 
 proceedings to recover the amount of such warrants. (Code, Sec. 
 1506a) 
 
 SCHOOL FUNDS 
 
 118. Appropriation of glebe lands and church property. The 
 glebe lands and church property, or the proceeds thereof held by 
 
94 
 
 the overseers of any county under the act of the twelfth of Jan- 
 uary, eighteen hundred and two, or under any other act, which 
 may not have been applied to some particular object under a local 
 statute passed for the purpose, shall be appropriated to such ob- 
 ject or objects (other than for a religious purpose) as may be. 
 voted for in such county (at such time and place as the county 
 court may prescribe) by a majority of the persons entitled to vote 
 in the county for a delegate therefrom to the General Assembly, 
 and if no such object be so voted for, shall remain vested in the 
 said overseers and be appropriated by them for the benefit of the 
 poor of such county. (Code, Sec. 1396) 
 
 119. Glebe lands and church property; in whom vested and 
 how applied. All glebe lands and church property, or the pro- 
 ceeds thereof, which may be appropriated under section thirteen 
 hundred and ninety-six, for education in any county, corporation, 
 or school district, shall be vested in the school board of the county 
 or corporation, and when given to a school district shall be vested 
 in the trustees of said school district as a corporate body, and shall 
 be managed and applied by the said school trustees of such dis- 
 tricts according to the wishes of the donor, under regulations pre- 
 scribed by the county or corporation school board. The revenue 
 or income thereof shall be applied, subject to the same penalties 
 and under the same regulations as are prescribed in respect to 
 that portion of the literary fund which is allotted to such county, 
 corporation, or school district. (Code, Sec. 1419) 
 
 120. Fines, and so forth, shall be paid into treasury to credit 
 of literary fund. The proceeds of all fines collected for offences 
 committed against the State and directed by section seven of arti- 
 cle eight of the Constitution of Virginia to be set apart as a part 
 of a perpetual and permanent literary fund, shall be paid and 
 collected only in lawful money of the United States, and shall be 
 paid into the treasury to the credit of the literary fund, and shall 
 be used for no other purpose whatsoever. (Code, Sec. 743a) 
 
 121. The literary fund. There shall be set apart as a per- 
 manent and perpetual literary fund the present literary funds of 
 the State, the proceeds of all public lands donated by Congress 
 for public school purposes, of all escheated property, of all waste 
 and unappropriated lands, of all property accruing to the State by 
 forfeiture, and all fines (except where it is. otherwise expressly 
 provided) collected for offences committed against the State, 
 donations made for the purpose, and such other sums as the Gen- 
 
95 
 
 eral Assembly may appropriate. The same shall be known as 
 "the literary fund," and shall be invested and managed by the 
 State Board of Education as prescribed by the eleventh subdivi- 
 sion of section fourteen hundred and thirty-three of this chapter. 
 The principal of the said fund shall always remain unimpaired 
 and entire, and the annual income arising therefrom shall be, and 
 is hereby, dedicated exclusively to the support and maintenance 
 of public free schools in this State. It shall be the duty of the 
 Auditor of Public Accounts annually to pay over, in money, ac- 
 cording to the usual forms and general provisions of law, all that 
 portion of the annual revenue of the State which is set apart 
 for public free school purposes. 
 
 The proceeds of all fines collected for offences committed 
 against the State and directed by section one hundred and thir- 
 ty-four of article nine of the Constitution of Virginia to be set 
 apart as a part of a perpetual and permanent literary fund shall 
 be paid and collected only in lawful money of the United States, 
 and shall be paid into the treasury to the credit of the literary 
 fund, and shall be used for no other purpose whatsoever. (Code T 
 Sec. 1505) 
 
 122. Approximate apportionment and disbursement of State 
 funds. The Auditor of Public Accounts, on or before the first 
 day of November of each year, shall make a calculation of the 
 gross amount of all funds applicable to public free school pur- 
 poses for the ensuing year, which calculation shall be based upon 
 the land and property books of the several commissioners of the 
 revenue for said year ; and when said books have not been re- 
 ceived in time he shall base said calculation upon the commis- 
 sioners' books of the next preceding year. He shall report to the 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, not later than the first day 
 of November in each year, ninety per centum of the gross amount 
 of all funds found to be applicable to public free school purposes 
 for the current year as an approximate basis for distribution; 
 whereupon, under the direction of the State Board of Education, 
 there shall be furnished to the Auditor a distributive statement 
 of the amounts due the several counties and cities in the State 
 upon this approximate basis. 
 
 Upon receipt of such statement the Auditor shall issue his 
 warrant upon the treasurer of the State for one-half of the amount 
 each city or county is entitled to receive, payable to the treasurer 
 of such city or county; and on the first day of February follow- 
 
96 
 
 ing the Auditor shall issue his warrant upon the treasurer of the 
 State for the other half of the amount each city or county is en- 
 titled to receive, payable to the treasurer of such city or county. 
 <Code, Sec. 1507) 
 
 123. Treasurer to pay warrants. All warrants drawn by dis- 
 trict school boards upon the State school tax iund shall be paid by 
 the county or city treasurer out of any State funds received by him 
 from the Auditor of Public Accounts or the Second Auditor. But 
 in no case shall he pay out a greater sum for any district than the 
 amount of State school funds apportioned to said district. (Code, 
 Sec. 1509) 
 
 124. County boards to compare warrants. At the annual 
 meeting in August in each year the county school boards shall 
 compare the warrants issued by each district board with those 
 paid by the treasurer, and, through the division superintendent 
 of schools, report the result to the Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction. (Code, Sec. 1510) 
 
 125. Distribution of residue of State funds. Should there be 
 found, upon the collection of the taxes, an amount greater than 
 the approximate amount hereinbefore provided due to the pub- 
 lic free schools of the State for any one year, then the excess due 
 the schools shall be distributed as provided by section fifteen 
 hundred and seven, and nothing in the school law shall be con- 
 strued to interfere with the same. (Code, Sec. 1512) 
 
 126. Of what school funds to consist. The funds applicable 
 annually to the establishment, support, and maintenance of pub- 
 lic free schools in this State shall consist of- 
 First. State funds, embracing the annual interest on the lit- 
 erary fund; all appropriations made by the General Assembly 
 for public free school purposes; that portion of the capitation tax 
 provided for in the Constitution to be paid into the State treasury 
 and not returnable to the counties, and such tax on property, not 
 less than one mill nor more than five mills on the dollar, as the 
 General Assembly shall from time to tinle order to be levied. 
 These funds shall be applied exclusively to the maintenance of 
 primary and grammar schools. 
 
 Second. County funds, embracing such tax as shall be levied 
 by the board of supervisors in pursuance of this section, and dona- 
 tions, or the income arising therefrom, or any other funds that 
 may be set apart for district (county) school purposes. 
 
 Third. District funds, embracing such tax as shall be levied 
 
97 
 
 'by the board of supervisors of the county for the purposes of the 
 school district in pursuance of this section; such dog tax as shall 
 be applied to school purposes by the board of supervisors, and 
 donations, or the income arising therefrom, or any other funds 
 that may be set apart for district school purposes. 
 
 The board of supervisors of each county, at the regular meet- 
 ing in April of each year, or as soon thereafter as practicable, or 
 when the- division superintendent of schools shall file with the said 
 Aboard the estimates made by the county and district school boards 
 in accordance with section fourteen hundred and sixty-six of this, 
 chapter, shall levy a tax of not less than ten nor more than forty 
 cents on the hundred dollars of the assessed value of the real 
 and personal property in the county for the support of the public 
 free schools of the county, and a tax of not less than ten nor more 
 than forty cents on the hundred dollars of the assessed value of the 
 real and personal property in any school district for district school 
 purposes: provided, that should the board of supervisors fail to 
 make a levy sufficient to raise the amounts estimated by the 
 county school board as necessary for county and district school pur- 
 poses, respectively, it shall, upon a petition in writing from the 
 county school board praying for a reference of the question of such 
 increase in the levy as will make it sufficient to raise the said 
 estimated amounts to the qualified voters of the county or of the 
 district, as the case may be, submit the question and the amount 
 of the increase to the qualified voters of the said county for the 
 increase in the county levy, or to the qualified voters of the said 
 district as to the increase in the district levy: provided, however, 
 that the total levy for county and district school purposes shall 
 not exceed fifty cents on the hundred dollars of the assessed value 
 of the taxable property in both the county and the district: pro- 
 vided further, that no such increased levy shall be made unless 
 a majority of the qualified voters voting at the election shall vote 
 in the affirmative. In towns that constitute single school districts 
 the council instead of the board of supervisors may make the levy 
 for district school purposes. 
 
 Boards of supervisors may be permitted to make a less rate of 
 levy than the minimum rates of county or district school levies 
 named above in any case by a special order of the State Board of 
 Education if in the judgment of said board the said less rate of 
 levy will produce sufficient funds to provide adequate school facili- 
 ties in the county or district concerned. (Code, Sec. 1506) 
 
98 
 
 127. Requiring the several county and district school boards 
 of Virginia to make and publish annually a statement of receipts 
 and disbursements, and providing a penalty for failing to do so. 
 
 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That 
 an act entitled an act requiring the several county and district 
 school boards of Virginia to make and publish annually a statement 
 of receipts and disbursements, and providing a penalty for failing 
 to do so, approved March tenth, nineteen hundred and six, be 
 amended and re-enacted so as to read as follows: 
 
 That the several county school boards in Virginia be required 
 to cause to be made out immediately after the annual settlement 
 with the county treasurer a statement showing the receipts and 
 disbursements of the school funds in each district for the year then 
 ending, which said statement shall be published in some newspaper, 
 if one is published in the county, and printed as a hand-bill, shall 
 be posted at the front door of the county court-house and at the 
 yoting place of the clerk of each school district. , Said statement 
 shall be made out in the following form for each district: 
 
 Name of district 
 
 RECEIPTS 
 
 Total balances on hand from preceding year, $. 
 Amount received from State school funds, $. 
 Amount received from the county school levy, $. 
 Amount received from the district school levy, $. 
 Amount received from all other sources, stat- 
 ing sources, $ 
 
 Total receipts and balances, $. 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS 
 
 Amount paid school trustees 
 
 Amount paid county treasurer 
 
 Amount paid teachers (number of teachers) 
 
 Also a statement of any other expenditures not covered in 
 either of the above items, which said statement shall be itemized 
 in the following form: 
 
99 
 
 Amount spent for school-houses $, 
 
 Amount spent for furniture for school-houses, $, 
 Amount spent for other incidental expenses. . . $, 
 
 Total balances on hand 
 
 Total disbursements and balances 
 
 It shall be the duty of the division superintendent of schools 
 to see that the said statement is published and posted at the court- 
 house as aforesaid. It shall be the duty of the clerk of each dis- 
 trict board to post said statement at his voting precinct. 
 
 The judge of the circuit court, at the session of his court next 
 succeeding the annual settlement of the county and district school 
 boards with the county treasurer, shall, in his discretion, instruct 
 the grand jury to ascertain whether or not the county school board 
 and the division superintendent and district clerks have published 
 and posted the statements herein required, and if the grand jury 
 shall discover that said statements have not been made or have 
 not been published and posted as required by law, then indict- 
 ments shall be found against each of the officers or trustees who 
 have been delinquent in the performance of their duties as afore- 
 said, who shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon con- 
 viction, shall be fined not less than one dollar nor more than one 
 hundred dollars. (Acts 1908, page 555) 
 
 128. Boards of supervisors to fix and order county and school 
 levies. The board of supervisors of each county shall have power, 
 and it shall be their duty, at regular meeting in the month of April 
 in each year, or as soon thereafter as practicable 
 
 First. To fix and order county levies. To fix the amount of the 
 county levies for the current year ; to order the levy on all prop- 
 erty assessed with tax within the county and on the capital in- 
 vested, used, or employed in mercantile busines ; moneys and cred- 
 its actively used and employed in carrying on the mercantile busi- 
 ness, including goods, wares, and merchandise on hand, and all 
 solvent bonds, demands or claims made or contracted in the course 
 of business during the preceding year shall be held to be capital 
 in such mercantile business; to order the levy on the real estate 
 and personal property of telegraph and telephone companies and 
 railroad companies and their telegraph lines which pass through 
 their respective counties, except such as are exempt from county 
 or other local taxes, based upon the assessment per mile made by 
 
100 
 
 the State for its purposes and furnished by the Auditor of Pub- 
 lic Accounts to said board; or the order of levy may be a certain 
 per centum upon the amount of the State tax. 
 
 Second. To levy school taxes. To levy a tax upon all the 
 property in the county upon which county levies are laid sufficient 
 to raise the amount recommended by the county school board in 
 their estimates for county school purposes, or so much thereof as 
 it may allow ; and to levy a tax upon such property in each school 
 district sufficient to raise the amount recommended by the county 
 school board for district school purposes, or so much thereof as 
 it may allow; but the tax so levied shall not be less than the mini- 
 mum nor exceed the maximum prescribed in the third subdivision 
 of section fifteen hundred and six. (Code, Sec. 833a) 
 
 129. To authorize and require the board of supervisors to levy 
 a sufficient tax in addition to the levy authorized by law to be laid 
 for general district school purposes to pay the interest on and 
 principal of certain bonds as the same shall become due. The board 
 of supervisors of any county wherein the board of school trustees 
 in any school district of such county has, prior to the passage of 
 this act, issued bonds under any special act of the General Assem- 
 bly, be, and is hereby, authorized and required to levy annually 
 a sufficient tax on the property in such school district, in addition 
 to the annual levy authorized by law to be laid for general district 
 school purposes, to pay the interest on and principal of such bonds 
 as the same shall annually accrue or mature: provided, however, 
 that such annual levy shall not exceed the rate of twenty-five 
 cents on the one hundred dollars of the assessed value of such prop- 
 erty. (Code, Sec. 834a) 
 
 130. Assessment of school taxes; district taxes to be kept sepa- 
 rate; duty of Auditor as to land and property books. All taxes 
 imposed for public free school purposes, whether by the State or 
 by or for any county, or by or for any school district, shall be as- 
 sessed at the same time and in the same manner as are State and 
 county taxes for ordinary purposes; and in any county or district 
 where such tax has been levied by the board of supervisors of the 
 county .it shall be the duty of the commissioners of the revenue 
 therein to extend such tax in the copies of their land and property 
 books which they return to the treasury of the county. Where two 
 or more school districts are included in the same commissioner's 
 district it shall be his duty, when he extends the school tax in 
 his land and property books, to keep separate the tax for each 
 
101 C A : S'T#f'A 1A 
 
 school district, indicating by name or number the district wherein 
 the property is taxed. It shall be the duty of the Auditor of Public 
 Accounts to have the land and property books prepared with three 
 columns, one for entering the county school levies, one for entering 
 the district school levies, and the third for entering the name or 
 number of the school district wherein the property is taxed. The 
 said land and property books shall be so ruled as to provide for the 
 proper assessing of all local school taxes, including those on prop- 
 erty, et cetera, not assessed with State taxes. (Code, Sec. 1514) 
 
 131. Commissioner of revenue to extend levies and taxes ; com- 
 pensation therefor. The commissioner shall extend in his land book 
 and book of personal property the county and city levies, including 
 the school and road tax ; and for this additional service he .shall 
 receive such compensation as the board of supervisors or council, 
 as the case may be, may deem reasonable. (Code, Sec. 509) 
 
 132. License tax on dogs for protection of sheep and other 
 stock; balance on hand to be devoted each year to county school 
 funds or public roads. First. It shall be the duty of the commis- 
 sioners of the revenue in the counties of this State to take annually, 
 at the time of listing the taxable property therein, a list of all dogs 
 over three months old, showing whether male or female, with the 
 name of the owner or person in whose possession the same is found, 
 upon the oath or affirmation of the owner or housekeeper or head of 
 the family with whom or on lot or premises occupied by him, any 
 dog or dogs may be found, as to the number of dogs such person may 
 own or have, or as may be on the lot or premises occupied by him, 
 whether owned by him (or her) or not; and should the commissioner 
 fail or omit to list a dog, it shall be his duty to make a note of it on 
 his books for the next fiscal year, and the owner of said dog shall 
 be chargeable with said tax in addition to any tax he shall then 
 owe, and shall return such lists of dogs to the clerk's office of their 
 respective counties at the time when they return their lists of 
 taxable property. In addition to the fines and penalties and for- 
 feitures as are now incurred by them for neglect of similar duties 
 under existing law, the commissioner shall be liable to a fine or 
 forfeiture of fifty cents for every wilful or negligent failure to 
 list any dog. The fees for the commissioner of the revenue shall 
 be five cents for each dog listed by him, to be paid out of the fund* 
 derived from the license tax on dogs upon the order of the board 
 of supervisors. 
 
 Second. That in every case where the owner of the dog fails 
 
;nls*r>.:i ; J -si : r; ^ : 102 
 
 to pay, by the first day of July next succeeding the return of said 
 lists the license tax provided for in the third section of this act, 
 it shall be the duty of the constable of the district in which said 
 delinquent resides, or, if there be no constable serving in said dis- 
 trict, then it shall be the duty of the sheriff, or a deputy sheriff of 
 the county in which the delinquent resides, to kill said dog, for 
 which he shall receive a fee of fifty cents out of the funds herein- 
 after provided, and to that end the said constable, sheriff, or deputy 
 sheriff shall obtain annually, during the month of July, from the 
 county treasurer, a list of all delinquents under this act in his dis- 
 trict, and shall within thirty days after receiving such list kill 
 said dogs, unless the tax on them, together with a fee of twenty- 
 five eents to said constable, sheriff, or deputy sheriff, is forth- 
 with paid, and on his wilful or negligent failure to do so, when 
 practicable, he shall pay a fine of five dollars for each dog he so 
 fails to kill. The constable, or sheriff, or deputy sheriff, shall at the 
 expiration of the thirty days account to the treasurer of his county 
 for all taxes collected by him under this section. 
 
 Third. That when said commissioners of the revenue shall have 
 ascertained the number of dogs, they shall assess a license tax of 
 fifty cents per head on all male dogs and all spayed female dogs, 
 and one dollar per head on all unspayed female dogs, and the said 
 sums so assessed shall be collected and accounted for by the county 
 treasurer as county levies are by law directed to be collected and 
 accounted for, and the treasurer shall keep a separate account of 
 the fund arising from said tax. The said fund shall be, and the 
 same is hereby, appropriated for remunerating the inhabitants of 
 said counties for any loss they may sustain from dogs killing or 
 crippling their sheep, lambs, or any other stock, and for paying 
 for the expenses necessary to carry this act into effect; and any 
 balance remaining on hand for any year shall be appropriated to 
 the county school fund of public schools, or to the public road fund, 
 as the board of supervisors may determine, to be used in accord- 
 ance with the laws governing the disposition of such funds. 
 *########## 
 
 Twelfth. Provided, however, the provisions of this act shall 
 not apply to any incorporated city or town of this State now or 
 hereafter having a municipal dog tax law, or to any county having 
 a special dog tax law: provided further, that the repeal of any 
 special dog tax law of any county or town in this State now hav- 
 ing such special law shall operate to place such county or town un- 
 
103 
 
 der the provisions of this act, with power in the board of supervi- 
 sors of such county to adjust claims against said county or town 
 under the said special law out of the funds derived from the 
 operations of this act ; and the boards of supervisors of the counties, 
 and the councils of the town where there is a special law im- 
 posing taxes on dogs, may, by a vote of a majority of the mem- 
 bers elected thereto, repeal and set aside such special law, and 
 when so repealed and set aside the provisions of this act shall 
 apply to such counties and towns. (Code, Sec. 501a) 
 
 133. Taxation of shares of stock issued by banks located in 
 counties and cities. First. Hereafter each county or city in which 
 any bank, either national or State, is so located, may, subject to the 
 conditions mentioned below, tax all the shares of stock issued by any 
 such bank so located within its limits at the same rate as is as- 
 sessed upon other moneyed capital in the hands of individuals re- 
 siding in such county or city. 
 
 Second. That in so taxing said shares the said county or city 
 authorities, resepctively, shall follow the mode of assessment and 
 manner of collection prescribed by statute for the collection of State 
 taxes upon said shares. 
 
 Third. Whenever any commissioner of the revenue, before 
 closing his assessment rolls or tax lists, shall receive from the 
 cashier of a bank furnishing a list of the holders of bank stock as 
 required by law for the purposes of State taxation, or from the 
 owner of any stock mentioned therein, a certificate of the commis- 
 sioner of the revenue of the county or city of the State in which 
 the owner of such stock lives, stating that certain shares of the 
 stock mentioned in said list are owned by a resident of that county 
 or city, and that the same have been returned for taxation for that 
 year in such city or county, then the said commissioner of the 
 revenue to whom the said list of the holders of such bank stock 
 has been furnished shall deduct from the aggregate value of the 
 shares set forth in said list the aggregate value of the shares men- 
 tioned in said certificate. The shares owned by non-residents of 
 this State shall be taxed only at the place where the bank issuing 
 the shares is located. (Code, Sec, 1040a) 
 
 134. Taxation of shares of stock issued by banks located in 
 towns. Each town in which any bank, either national or State, 
 is located may tax all the shares of stock issued by such bank so 
 located within its limits at the same rate as is assessed upon other 
 moneyed capital in the hands of individuals. 
 
In taxing said shares the said town authorities shall follow the 
 mode of assessment and manner of collection prescribed by statute 
 for the collection of State taxes upon said shares. (Code, Sec. 
 1040b) 
 
 135. Assessment of oysters for taxation; collection of tax. 
 It shall be the duty of each inspector of oysters, on the first day 
 of October annually, to proceed to assess for taxation for State 
 and county purposes all oysters planted or shells deposited for 
 propagation of oysters in his county or district; he shall go upon 
 and examine said oysters and shells and fix a valuation on the 
 same, and make a full and complete list of the names of owners 
 of said oysters and shells, where located, number of bushels of oys- 
 ters, their value per bushel, giving the aggregate value of the 
 full amount; names of owners of shells deposited, where located, 
 and total value which list, to be made out in the form to be fur- 
 nished by the Auditor of Public Accounts and sworn to before a 
 notary public, a magistrate, commissioner in chancery, or clerk of 
 the court, shall be filed on or before the fifteenth day of November 
 in the clerk's office in the county where the inspector resides. If 
 any person consider himself aggrieved by such assessment and 
 valuation, he may apply for correction of the same under the pro- 
 visions of sections five hundred and sixty-seven and five hundred 
 and sixty-eight of the Code of Virginia providing for the correction 
 of erroneous assessment of taxes. The inspector shall be summoned 
 as a witness when the application i heard by the court. It shall 
 be the duty of the clerk of the county forthwith to extend the 
 amount on the return of the inspector of all taxes to be paid by 
 each person for State, county, and school purposes on the same 
 basis as other personal property is taxed, and the said clerk shall 
 forthwith make out four copies of said assessment and return one 
 en or before the first day of December to the inspector, deliver 
 one copy to the county treasurer, forward the third to the Auditor 
 of Public Accounts, and the fourth to the State Board of Fisheries. 
 The inspector shall on the first day of December of each year pro- 
 ceed to collect said tax so assessed from the 'parties who are liable 
 for said tax, and shall have all the powers now given to county 
 and city treasurers for the collection of taxes; said inspector shall 
 on May first of each year settle in full with the Auditor of Public 
 Accounts for all State revenue he has received, reporting the 
 amounts so collected to the State Board of Fisheries, to be ac- 
 
105 
 
 counted for in the general oyster fund of the State ; and also settle 
 with the board of supervisors of each county and pay over to the 
 treasurer of said county all money collected for county purposes 
 when said board shall so order. The full compensation for the as- 
 sessment of the property and the collecting of the taxes shall be 
 ten per centum on full amount collected. The clerk shall be paid 
 for his services as provided for in this section out of the amount 
 of the county tax turned over by said inspector such sum as may be 
 fixed by the board of supervisors. Any inspector or clerk failing 
 to discharge any duty imposed by this section shall be fined not 
 less than twenty nor more than one hundred dollars. (Code, Sec. 
 2140a) 
 
 136. To protect the owners of timber and logs from depreda- 
 tion; proceeds of sales to go into school funds. First. Every 
 person, firm, or corporation dealing in logs or timber in any 
 form to be floated on the streams of this State shall be called 
 and known as timber dealers, and as such may adopt a brand 
 or trade mark in the manner and with the effect hereinafter pro- 
 vided. 
 ##****#### 
 
 Seventh. Every person. who shall take, catch, hold, or have in 
 liis possession any log or other marketable timber not branded 
 as aforesaid without the written consent of the owner thereof shall, 
 within ten days after catching, taking up, or getting possession of 
 the same as aforesaid report the same in writing to the county clerk 
 of the county in which said person resides, and thirty days after: 
 such report is received the sheriff of said county shall sell the same^ 
 publicly at the court-house door on the first day of a county court- 
 in said county, of which notice shall be given by said sheriff for at; 
 least ten days by written or printed notices posted at the front; 
 door of said court-house, or near thereto, and at one or more public^ 
 places in said county. Any person owning said logs or timber may., 
 however, recover the same, satisfying the sheriff that he is en- 
 titled to it, or by action of detinue, as provided by law. Said 
 sale shall be made for cash and the proceeds, when collected, after 
 paying the expenses of sale, including a fee of twenty-five cents 
 for each log or piece of timber so sold, shall be paid to the treas- 
 urer of the county for the benefit of the public schools of the dis-- 
 trict in which the party reporting the same shall at that time re- 
 side. Any person failing to report to said clerk as aforesaid or 
 
106 
 
 to turn over said log or other timber to said sheriff, or, any sheriff 
 failing or refusing to advertise and sell such log or timber as 
 aforesaid, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not less than 
 ten nor more than one hundred dollars for each offence. (Code, 
 Sec. 1906c) 
 
 137. What real estate exempt from taxation. The following 
 real estate, and no other, shall be exempt from taxation, State and 
 local : 
 
 (a) Real estate directly or indirectly owned by the State, how- 
 -ever held, and real estate lawfully owned and held by counties, 
 cities, towns, or school districts used wholly and exclusively for 
 county, city, town, or public school purposes. 
 
 (b) Buildings with land they actually occupy lawfully owned 
 .and held by churches or religious bodies and wholly and exclusive- 
 ly used for religious worship, or for the residence of the minister 
 of any such church or religious body, together with the additional 
 .adjacent land reasonably necessary for the convenient use of any 
 fluch building. 
 
 (c) Private family burying-grounds not exceeding one acre in 
 area, reserved as such by will or deed, or shown by other sufficient 
 evidence to be reserved as such and so exclusively used, and pub- 
 lic burying-grounds, and lots therein exclusively used for burial 
 purposes and not conducted for profit, whether owned or managed 
 by local authorities or by private corporations. 
 
 (d) Buildings with the land they actually occupy, wholly de- 
 voted to educational purposes, belonging to and actually and exclu- 
 sively occupied and used by churches, public libraries, incorporated 
 colleges, academies, industrial schools, seminaries or other incor- 
 porated institutions of learning, including the Virginia Historical 
 Society, which are not -corporations having shares of stock or other- 
 wise owned by individuals or other corporations, together with such 
 additional adjacent land owned by said churches, libraries, 
 and educational institutions as may be reasonably necessary for the 
 convenient use of such buildings, respectively; and also the build- 
 ings thereon used as residences by the officers or instructors of such 
 educational institutions: provided, that such libraries and educa- 
 tional institutions are not conducted for profit of any person or 
 persons, natural or corporate, directly or under any guise or pre- 
 tense whatsoever. But the exemption mentioned in this subsec- 
 tion shall not apply to any industrial school, individual or corpo- 
 rate, not the property of the State, which does work for compensa- 
 

 107 
 
 
 tion or manufactures and sells articles in the community in which 
 such school is located: provided, that nothing herein contained 
 shall restrict any such school from doing work for or selling its 
 own products or any other articles to any of its students or em- 
 ployees. * 
 
 (e) Real estate belonging to, actually and exclusively occupied 
 and used by young men's Christian associations and other similar 
 religious associations, orphan or other asylums, reformatories, hos- 
 pitals, and nunneries which are not conducted for profit but purely 
 and completely as charities. 
 
 (f ) Buildings, with the land they actually occupy, belonging to 
 any benevolent or charitable association and used exclusively for 
 lodge purposes or meeting rooms by such association, together 
 with such additional adjacent land as may be necessary for the 
 convenient use of the buildings for such purposes; and 
 
 (g) Real estate belonging to the Association for the Preserva- 
 tion of Virginia Antiquities, the Confederate Memorial Literary 
 Society, and the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union. 
 
 No inheritance tax shall be charged, directly or indirectly, 
 against any legacy or devise made according to law for the bene- 
 fit of any institution or other body or any natural or corporate per- 
 son whose property is exempt from taxation as mentioned in this 
 chapter. 
 
 Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to exempt 
 from taxation the property of any person, firm, association, or cor- 
 poration who shall, expressly or impliedly, directly or indirectly, 
 contract or promise to pay any sum of money or other benefit on 
 account of death, sickness, or accident to any of its members or 
 any other persons; and whenever any building or land, or part 
 thereof, mentioned in this section and not belonging to the State, 
 shall be leased or shall be a source of revenue or profit, all of 
 such buildings and land shall be liable to taxation as other land 
 and buildings in the same county, city, or town; and nothing 
 herein contained shall be- construed as authorizing or requiring 
 any county, city, or town to tax for county, city, or town pur- 
 poses, in violation of the rights of the lessees thereof existing 
 under any lawful contract heretofore made, any real estate owned 
 by such county, city, or town, and heretofore leased by it (Code, 
 Sec. 457) 
 
 138, What personal property is exempt from taxation. The 
 
108 
 
 following personal property and no other shall be exempt from 
 taxation, State and local : 
 
 (a) Property directly or indirectly owned by the State, how- 
 ever held, and property lawfuly owned and held by counties, cities, 
 towns, or school districts us*ed wholly and exclusively for county, 
 city, town, or public school purposes, and obligations issued by the 
 State since the fourteenth day of February, eighteen hundred 
 and eighty-two, or hereafter exempted by law. 
 
 (b) The furniture and furnishings of building lawfully owned 
 and held by churches or religious bodies and wholly and exclu- 
 sively used for religious worship or for the residence of the minis- 
 ters of any such church or religious body. 
 
 (c) The furniture, furnishing, books, and instruments contain- 
 ed in buildings wholly devoted to educational purposes, belonging 
 to, and actually and exclusively used by churches, public libraries, 
 incorporated colleges, academies, industrial schools, seminaries, or 
 other incorporated institutions of learning, including the Virginia 
 Historical Society, which are not corporations having shares of 
 stock or otherwise owned by individuals or other corporations; 
 and also the permanent endowment funds held by such libraries 
 and enducatibnal institutions, directly or in trust and not invested 
 in real estate: provided, that such libraries and educational insti- 
 tutions are not conducted for profit of any person or persons, 
 natural or corporate, directly or under any guise or pretense what- 
 soever. But the exemption mentioneed in this subsection shall not 
 apply to any industrial school, individual or corporate, not the 
 property of the State, which does work for compensation or manu- 
 factures and sells articles in the community in which such school 
 is located: provided, that nothing herein contained shall restrict 
 any such school from doing work for or selling its own products 
 or any other .articles to any of its students or employees. 
 
 (d) Personal property, including endowment funds, not in- 
 vested in real estate, belonging to young men's Christian associa- 
 tions and other similar religious associations, orphan or other 
 asylums, reformatories, hospitals, and nunneries, which are not con- 
 ducted for profit, but purely and completely as charities. 
 
 (e) The furniture and furnishings of buildings belonging to 
 any benevolent or charitable association and used exclusively for 
 lodge purposes or meeting rooms by such association. 
 
 (f ) Personal property belonging to the Association for the Pre- 
 servation of Virginia Antiquities, the Confederate Memorial Lit- 
 
109 
 
 erary Society, and the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the 
 Union. (Code, Sec. 488) 
 
 139, State school taxes. The statute provides in part that 
 
 (a) On tracts of lands and lots, and the improvements thereon, 
 not exempt from taxation, ground rents and rent charge, there 
 shall be a tax of twenty cents on every hundred dollars of the as- 
 sessed value thereof, the proceeds of which shall be applied to the 
 support of the government, and a further tax of ten cents on every 
 hundred dollars of the assessed value thereof, which shall be ap- 
 plied to the support of the public free schools of the State. (Code 
 1904, p. 2191, cl. 2) 
 
 (b) Upon every male person who has attained the age of 21 
 years, except those pensioned by this State for military services, 
 there shall be a tax of one dollar and fifty cents, of which one dol- 
 lar shall be for aid of the public free schools and fifty cents shall 
 be returned and paid into the treasury of the county or city in 
 which it shall have been collected. (Code, p. 2192, cl. 5) 
 
 (c) On all tangible personal property there shall be a tax of 
 twenty cents on every hundred dollars of the assessed value there- 
 of, the proceeds of which shall be applied to the support of the 
 government, and a further tax of ten cents on every hundred dol- 
 lars of the assessed value thereof, which shall be applied to the 
 support of the public free schools of this State. (Code, p. 2192, 
 cJ. 7) 
 
 (d) On all personal property in choses in action, et cetera, in- 
 tangible personal property there shall be a tax of twenty-five cents 
 on every hundred dollars of the value thereof, the proceeds of 
 which shall be applied to the payment of expenses of the govern- 
 ment, and a further tax of ten cents on every hundred dollars of 
 the value thereof, which shall be applied to the support of the 
 public free schools of this State. (Code, p. 2195, cl. 9) 
 
 (e) No tax shall be assessed upon the capital of any bank or 
 banking association organized under the authority of this State or 
 of the- United States, nor upon the capital of any trust or security 
 company chartered by this State, but the stockholders in such 
 banks, banking associations, trust and security companies shall be 
 assessed and taxed on the market value of their shares of stock 
 therein. Each bank, banking association, trust and security com- 
 pany aforesaid, on the first day of February in each year, shall 
 make up and return to the commissioner of the revenue of the 
 county, city, town, or district in which said bank, banking asso- 
 
110 
 
 elation, trust or security company is located a report, in which 
 shall be given the names of the stockholders, their residences, the 
 number of shares owned or held or controlled by each, and the 
 market value of said stock. From the total market value of the 
 shares of stock of any such bank, banking association, trust or 
 security company there shall be deducted the assessed value of its 
 real estate otherwise taxed in this State, and the value of each 
 share of stock shall be its proportion of the remainder: provided, 
 that the market value of said stock shall be estimated at a sum not 
 less than the aggregate of the capital, surplus, and undivided pro- 
 fits of such bank, banking association, trust and security company, 
 as shown by its last published statement prior to the first of Feb- 
 ruary of each year, after deducting from such aggregate the value 
 of its real estate otherwise taxed in this State: provided further, 
 that where any such bank, banking association, trust and security 
 company has, since its last published statement and before the 
 first day of February of any year, paid out to its stockholders 
 the whole or any part of its undivided profits, the amount so paid 
 out shall be deducted from the estimate of aggregate value of 
 its stock. 
 
 It shall be the duty of said commissioner of the revenue, as 
 soon as he receives such report, to assess each stockholder upon 
 the market value of the shares of stock owned by him a tax of 
 twenty-five cents on every hundred dollars value thereof, the pro- 
 ceeds of which shall be applied to the support of the government, 
 and a further tax of ten cents on every hundred dollars value 
 thereof, which shall be applied to the support of the public free 
 schools of the State. (Code, p. 2199, els. 17 and 18) 
 
 (f) Each bank, banking association, trust and security com- 
 pany, on or before the first day of June in each year, shall pay 
 into the treasury the taxes assessed against its stockholders. (Code, 
 p. 2200, cl. 19) 
 
 (g) The real and personal property of every insurance com- 
 pany, life, fire, marine, surety, mutual aid, mutual benefit, guar- 
 antee, sick benefit, employers' liability, health, credit, fidelity, 
 burglary, accident, plate-glass, steami boiler, assessment, united breth- 
 ren, live stock, and all like companies, shall be listed and assessed 
 on the land and property books of the commissioners of the 
 revenue in the same manner as other real and personal property 
 is assessed, and there shall be a tax of twenty cents on every hun- 
 dred dollars of the assessed value of the real estate and tangible 
 
111 
 
 personal property and a tax of twenty-five cents on every hundred 
 dollars of the assessed value of the intangible personal property of 
 every such company, the proceeds of which shall be applied to the 
 support of the government, and a further tax of ten cents on every 
 hundred dollars of the assessed value of all the real estate and 
 personal property of every such company, which shall be applied 
 to the support of the public free schools of this State. (Code, p. 
 2201, cl. 23) 
 
 (h) On the real and tangible personal property of every rail- 
 way and canal corporation there shall be a tax of twenty cents 
 on every one hundred dollars of the assessed value thereof, the pro- 
 ceeds of which shall be applied to the support of the government, 
 and a further tax of ten cents on every one hundred dollars of 
 the assessed value thereof, which shall be applied to the support 
 of the public free schools of this State. 
 
 On the intangible personal proprety, as assessed under the pre- 
 ceding section, of every railway and canal corporation, there shall 
 be a tax of twenty-five cents on every one hundred dollars of the 
 assessed value thereof, the proceeds of which shall be applied to 
 the support of the government, and a further tax of ten cents on 
 every one hundred dollars of the assessed value thereof, which 
 shall be applied to the support of the public free schools of this 
 State. (Code, p. 2205, cl. 28) 
 
 It shall be the duty of the clerk of the State Corporation Com- 
 sion to furnish to the council of every city and town and to the 
 board of supervisors of every county, and to the treasurer of every 
 county and city wherein any property belonging to such corpora- 
 tion is situated, a certified copy of the assessment made by the 
 State Corporation Commission of such corporation's property, which 
 shall definitely show the character of the property, its value and 
 location, for purposes of taxation in each county, city, town, and 
 school district, so that county, city, town and school district levies 
 may be laid upon the same: provided, however, that it shall be 
 the duty of the county superintendent of schools in each county 
 in which a railway or canal is located and operated to furnish, on 
 or before the first day of July in each year, to such railway or canal 
 corporation or corporations, the boundaries of each school district 
 of said county in which any part of such railway or canal and its 
 property is situated, and a copy of such boundaries to the clerk of 
 the State Corporation Commission. Whenever any county super- 
 intendent of schools shall fail to furnish to such railway or canai 
 
112 
 
 corporation or corporations and the clerk of the State Corporation 
 Commission the boundaries of each school district of said county 
 in which any part of such railway or canal and its property is 
 situated, it shall be the duty of the clerk of the State Corporation 
 Commission to notify the judge of the circuit court of the county 
 wherein such superintendent of schools resides, who shall instruct 
 the grand jury at the next term of the circuit court to ascertain 
 whether such boundaries have been furnished as required in this 
 act, and should said grand jury ascertain that such boundaries 
 have not been furnished, they shall find an indictment against such 
 county superintendent of schools, who shall be deemed guilty of a 
 misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less 
 than twenty-five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for 
 each school district so omitted. (Acts 1906, p. 531) 
 
 (i) On the real and personal property of every express com- 
 pany doing business in this State, and of every steamship, steam- 
 boat, and steam ferry company which may run steamships, steam- 
 boats, or other floating property for the transportation of passen- 
 gers or freight, there shall be a tax of twenty cents on every hun- 
 dred dollars of the assessed value of the real estate and tangible 
 personal property, and a tax of twenty-five cents on every one 
 hundred dollars of the assessed value of the intangible personal 
 property of every such company, the proceeds of which shall be 
 .applied to the support of the government, and a further tax of 
 ten cents on every hundred dollars of the assessed value of all the 
 real estate and personal property of every such company, which 
 shall be applied to the support of the public free schools of this 
 State. (Code, p. 2208, cl. 30) 
 
 It shall be the duty of the clerk of the State Corporation Com- 
 mission to furnish to the council of every city and town and to 
 the board of supervisors of every county wherein any property be- 
 longing to such company is situated, a certified copy of the assess- 
 ment made by the State Corporation Commission of such com- 
 pany's property, which assessment shall definitely show the char- 
 acter of the property, its value and location for the purposes of 
 taxation, in each city, town, county, and district, so that city, 
 town, county and district levies may be imposed upon the same: 
 provided, however, that it shall be the duty of the county super- 
 intendent of schools in each county in which any such express 
 company, steamboat, steamship or steam ferry company owns prop- 
 erty, on or before the first day of July in each year, to furnish to 
 
113 
 
 such express company, steamship, steamboat, or steam ferry com- 
 pany the boundaries of the school districts of said county wherein 
 any such property is situated. (Code, p. 2208, cl. 29) 
 
 (j) There shall be a tax of twenty-five cents on every hundred 
 dollars of the assessed value of that proportion of the capital of 
 each sleeping car, parlor car, or dining car company which is in- 
 vested in and used in this State, the proceeds of which shall be 
 applied to the support of the government, and a further tax of 
 ten cents on every hundred dollars of the assessed value of the said 
 proportion, to be applied to the support of the public free schools 
 of the State. (Code, p. 2211, cl. 33) 
 
 (k) On the real and personal property of telegraph and tele- 
 phone companies, and of associations, firms, and persons owning or 
 operating telegraph or telephone lines in this State, there shall 
 be a tax of twenty cents on every hundred dollars of the assessed 
 value of the real estate and tangible personal property, and a tax 
 of twenty-five cents on every one hundred dollars of the assessed 
 value of the intangible personal property of every such person, 
 firm, company, or association, the proceeds of which shall be ap- 
 plied to the support of the government, and a further tax of ten 
 cents on every hundred dollars of the assessed value thereof, which 
 shall be applied to the support of the public free schools of this 
 State. (Code, p. 2213, cl. 35) 
 
 (1) It shall be the duty of the county superintendent of schools 
 in each county in which any such telegraph or telephone company 
 or firm or person operating a telegraph or telephone line owns 
 property, on or before the first day of July of each year, to fur- 
 nish such telegraph or telephone company, firm, or person, and the 
 clerk of the State Corporation Commission, the boundaries of the 
 school district of said county wherein any such property is situated. 
 It shall be the duty of the judge of the circuit court of each 
 county, at the next term of said court after the first day of July 
 in each year, to instruct the grand jury to inquire into and ascer 
 tain whether or not the county superintendent of schools has fur- 
 nished the boundaries of each school district to such telegraph and 
 telephone companies operating in said county and to the clerk of 
 the Corporation Commission. If the grand jury shall find that the 
 county superintendent of schools has not furnished the boundaries 
 of such school districts as herein provided, indictments shall be 
 found against him for a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof 
 he shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than 
 
114 
 
 one hundred dollars for each school district so omitted. (Acts 
 1906, p. 519) 
 
 140. School taxes to be separately assessed and paid in money. 
 All taxes assessed on property, real or personal, by this act, and 
 by it dedicated to the maintenance of the public free schools of 
 this State, shall be paid and collected only in lawful money of 
 the United States, and shall be paid into the treasury to the credit 
 of the free school fund, and shall be used for no other purposes 
 whatsoever. And to this end the Auditor of Public Accounts shall 
 have the books of the commissioners of the revenue prepared with 
 reference to the separate assessments and collection of said school 
 tax, and the treasurers of the several counties and cities of the 
 Commonwealth shall have the tax bills in their respective counties 
 and cities so made out as to specify the amount of tax due from 
 each taxpayer to the said public free school fund, including the 
 capitation tax and school taxes of whatever kind or nature, and 
 to keep said capitation tax and school taxes separate and distinct 
 from all other taxes or revenues so collected by him, and forward 
 the same thus separate and distinct to the Auditor of Public Ac- 
 counts, which shall be kept separate and distinct by him from all 
 other taxes or revenues until paid the public free schools. (Code, 
 p. 2266, cl. 145) 
 
 141. Appropriation by General Assembly to schools. For the 
 fiscal year ending on the twenty-eighth day of February, nineteen 
 hundred and eleven 
 
 Such sum as will be sufficient to pay the Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction thirty-five hundred dollars and his necessary 
 traveling expenses while engaged in the duties of his office (to 
 be approved by the Board of Education, not to exceed in the ag- 
 gregate seven hundred dollars in any one year). 
 
 Public schools. Such sum as will be sufficient to pay the 
 amount required by section fifteen hundred and seven, Code of Vir- 
 ginia, to be applied to the support of the public free schools; but 
 in making said calculation under section fifteen hundred and seven 
 of the gross amount of all funds applicable to public free schools 
 for the ensuing year, said calculation shall be based upon the land 
 and property books of the several commissioners of the revenue 
 for said year; and when said books have not been received in 
 time, the Auditor of Public Accounts shall base said calculation 
 upon the commissioners' books of the next preceding year, but in 
 making said calculation in each case he shall deduct from the gross 
 
115 
 
 amount so ascertained the approximate amount of all such taxes 
 which are assessed, but which may not be collected, based on the 
 collection of such taxes made for the preceding year, and he shall 
 include in said estimate all of such taxes returned delinquent there- 
 after collected in each year; the amount shown by said calcu- 
 lation to be paid shall be paid one-half on the tenth day of No- 
 vember and the residue on tenth day of February of each year; 
 and the further sum of five hundred thousand dollars, this latter 
 sum to be turned over to the State Board of Education and by 
 that board apportioned as prescribed by the Constitution to the 
 public free schools of the several counties and cities of the Com- 
 monwealth, except, however, eighteen thousand dollars thereof, 
 which said board is authorized to expend in the maintenance of 
 the summer normal schools: provided, that twenty-five thousand 
 dollars, or so much of it as may be necessary, may be used under 
 rules and regulations of the State Board of Education for the en- 
 couragement and maintenance of rural graded schools of two, three, 
 and four rooms: provided, that no such school shall receive more 
 than two hundred dollars: provided further, that any school re- 
 ceiving aid under this plan shall not receive aid from the high 
 school fund. 
 
 For high schools, to be expended as per act creating public 
 high schools, one hundred thousand dollars : provided, that so much 
 of the six hundred thousand dollars herein provided for the support 
 of public schools and high schools as may be necessary, not to ex- 
 ceed thirty thousand dollars, shall be devoted to the establishment 
 and support of departments of agriculture, domestic economy and 
 manual training in at least one high school in each congressional 
 district of the State, to be conducted under such rules and regula- 
 tions as the State Board of Education and the president of the 
 Virginia College of Agriculture and Polytechnic Institute may pre- 
 scribe. 
 
 For normal instruction in high schools, fifteen thousand dollars, 
 (Chapter sixty-seven, Acts nineteen hundred and eight). 
 
 For libraries in public schools in cities, towns and rural dis- 
 tricts, five thousand dollars. (Chapter three hundred and sixteen^ 
 Acts nineteen hundred and eight) 
 
 For expenses of commission to devise methods for manage- 
 ment, and so forth, of educational institutions, five hundred dol- 
 lars. (Chapter two hundred and seventy-two, Acts nineteen hundred 
 and eight.) The said commission shall use such part of this ap- 
 
116 
 
 propriation as it may deem proper to investigate and report some 
 practicable and advisable plan for the higher education of women 
 by the State, and in this connection shall consider and pass upon 
 the provisions of senate bill number ninety-two, which is hereby 
 referred to said commission for such consideration. 
 
 For school teachers' pension fund, five thousand dollars, as 
 provided by Acts of nineteen hundred and ten. 
 
 For the fiscal year ending on the twenty-ninth day of Febru- 
 ary, nineteen hundred and twelve 
 
 Such sum as wiH be sufficient to pay the Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction the sum of thirty-five hundred dollars and 
 his necessary traveling expenses while engaged in the duties of 
 his office (to be approved by the Board of Education, not to ex- 
 ceed in the aggregate seven hundred dollars in one year). 
 
 Such sums as will be sufficient to pay the amount required by 
 section fifteen hundred and seven, Code of Virginia, to be applied 
 to the support of the public free schools. 
 
 But in making said calculations under said section one thou- 
 sand five hundred and seven of the gross amount of all funds ap- 
 plicable to public free schools for the ensuing year, said calcula- 
 tions shall be based upon the land and property books of the sev- 
 eral commissioners of the revenue for said year; and when said 
 books have not been received in time, the Auditor of Public Ac- 
 counts shall base said calculations upon the commissioners' books 
 of the next preceding year, but in making said calculation in each 
 case he shall deduct from the gross amount so ascertained the ap- 
 proximate amount of all such taxes which are assessed, but which 
 may not be collected, based on the collection of such taxes made 
 for the preceding year, and he shall include in said estimate all 
 such taxes returned delinquent thereafter collected in each year; 
 the amount shown by such calculation to be paid shall be paid 
 one-half on the tenth day of November and the residue on the 
 tenth day of February of each year, and the further sum of five 
 hundred thousand dollars, this latter sum to be turned over to the 
 State Board of Education and by that board apportioned as pre- 
 scribed by the Constitution to the public free schools of the sev- 
 eral counties and cities of the Commonwealth, except, however, 
 eighteen thousand dollars thereof, which said board is authorized 
 to expend in the maintenance of the summer normal institutions: 
 provided, that twenty-five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as 
 may be necessary, may be used under rules and regulations of the 
 
117 
 
 State Board of Education for the encouragement and mainte- 
 nance of rural graded schools of two, three, and four rooms: pro- 
 vided, that no such school shall receive more than two hundred 
 dollars: provided further, that any school receiving aid under this 
 plan shall not receive aid from the high school fund. 
 
 For high schools, to be expended as per act creating public high 
 schools, one hundred thousand dollars: provided, that so much of 
 the six hundred thousand dollars herein provided for the support 
 of the public and high schools as may be necessary, not to ex- 
 ceed thirty thousand dollars, shall be devoted to the establishment 
 and support of departments of agriculture, domestic economy and 
 manual training in at least one high school in each congressional 
 district of the State, to be conducted under such rules and regu- 
 lations as the State Board of Education and the president of the 
 Virginia College of Agriculture and Polytechnic Institute may pre- 
 scribe. 
 
 For normal instruction in high schools, fifteen thousand dol- 
 lars. (Chapter sixty-seven of Acts nineteen hundred and eight) 
 
 For libraries in public schools in cities, towns and rural dis- 
 tricts, five thousand dollars. (Chapter three hundred and sixteen,. 
 Acts of nineteen hundred and eight) 
 
 For expenses of commission to devise methods for manage- 
 ment, et cetera, of educational institutions, five hundred dollars. 
 (Chapter two hundred and seventy-two, Acts nineteen hundred and" 
 eight) 
 
 For school teachers' pension fund as provided by Acts of nine- 
 teen hundred and ten, five thousand dollars. 
 
 For equipment and improvement at agricultural high schools, 
 in the congressional districts, twenty-five thousand dollars, to be 
 apportioned and expended as the State Board of Education and 
 president of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and 
 Polytechnic Institute may prescribe, unless otherwise provided by 
 law. (Acts 1910, p. 395) 
 
 142. Students' Loan Fund. The State Female Normal School, 
 the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic 
 Institute, the Virginia Military Institute, the University of Vir- 
 ginia, and William and Mary College, may each draw from the 
 treasury of the State, from funds not otherwise appropriated, in 
 addition to the sum appropriated for the support of each of these 
 institutions, annually a sum not to exceed one per centum of snch 
 year's appropriation to said institution for support, which sum shall; 
 
118 
 
 be used for the establishment of a State students' loan fund at 
 each of the said institutions, respectively, and this said sum may 
 be so drawn annually by each of said institutions for five years 
 after the passage of this act. 
 
 2. Each of the said institutions shall, upon such terms and ac- 
 cording to such rules as may be prescribed by their respective 
 boards of trustees or visitors, make loans from the said State stu- 
 dents' loan fund to needy and deserving students of talent and 
 character from Virginia in the academic departments at said insti- 
 tution for the purpose of aiding those to obtain an education at 
 -such institution who might not be able otherwise to do so. 
 
 3. The said loans shall not exceed one hundred dollars ($100.00) 
 in any one session to the same student and shall be made to said 
 -students upon such terms as to time and security as the authori- 
 ties of the respective institutions shall determine in each case: pro- 
 vided, that the rate of interest charged students on such loans shall 
 be four per centum per annum. 
 
 4. The said State students' loan fund shall be preserved from 
 depletion by the said institutions, and, together with the repayments 
 and accretions thereto, shall be held and used for the purposes 
 specified in this act and no other, and each of the said institutions 
 shall annually, not later than July first in each year thereafter, 
 file in the office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 a statement in detail showing for the year past the amount re- 
 ceived by said fund, the loans made, to whom made and upon what 
 
 terms, the amount of the corpus of said fund, the amounts repaid 
 to said fund and from whom, and any other information deemed 
 pertinent by the institution so reporting or which may have been 
 requested by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. (Acts 
 1908, p. 430) 
 
 143. Traveling school libraries. Be it enacted by the General 
 Assembly of Virginia, That the following named sums of money 
 be, and the same are hereby, appropriated out of any moneys in 
 the treasury, not otherwise appropriated for the following pur- 
 poses and subject to the following restrictions and conditions, to- 
 wit: 
 **#*###**#* 
 
 Seven thousand five hundred dollars to establish a system of 
 traveling libraries. This system of libraries shall be under the 
 direct supervision and control of the library board of the Virginia 
 :State library, but in the selection of the books for the school libra- 
 
119 
 
 ries the list adopted must be approved jointly by the library board 
 and the State Board of Education. 
 
 The books purchased for traveling libraries may be loaned to 
 any public school in Virginia, under such rules as may be pre- 
 scribed by the library board: provided, that not more than five 
 thousand dollars shall be expended during the fiscal year ending 
 March first, nineteen hundred and seven. (Acts 1906, pp. 209-211) 
 144. The establishment of libraries in the rural and city public 
 schools. Whenever the patrons and friends of any public free 
 school shall raise by private subscription and tender to the clerk 
 of the district or city school board, for the establishment of a 
 library to be connected with the said school, the sum of fifteen dol- 
 lars, the school board shall appropriate the sum of fifteen dollars 
 for this purpose, and shall appoint one intelligent person in the 
 school district or city the manager of said library. The district 
 board shall also appoint one competent person well versed in books 
 to select books for the libraries that may be established under the 
 provisions of this act from lists of books approved by the State 
 Board of Education and at such prices and under such rules and 
 regulations as may be prescribed by said Board of Education : pro- 
 vided, that no school board shall be obliged to appropriate money 
 for more than five libraries as aforesaid in any one year. 
 
 As soon as any school board shall have made an appropriation 
 for a library in the manner prescribed, the division superintendent 
 of schools shall inform the State Board of Education of the fact, 
 whereupon the said State Board of Education shall remit to the 
 treasurer of the county or city in which such school is situated the 
 sum of ten dollars for the purchase of books: provided, that the 
 treasurer shall have no commission for receiving and disbursing 
 this fund: and provided further, that the State Board of Educa- 
 tion shall fix rules and regulations looking to as wide a distribu- 
 tion of this fund as may seem pacticable. 
 
 Within thirty days after the payment of the money to the 
 clerk of the district school board the person appointed to select 
 the books shall submit the list of books to be purchased and prices 
 of the same to the clerk, who shall order the books at once. The 
 clerk shall receive no compensation for such services. The school 
 board shall furnish a neat book-case, with lock and kev, to each 
 library, upon application .of the manager of the library. 
 
 The local manager of every library shall carry out such rules 
 and regulations for the proper use and preservation of the books 
 as may be enjoined by the State Board of Education. 
 
120 
 
 The local managers of two or more libraries may by agreement 
 exchange libraries : provided, that no exchange shall be made oftener 
 than once in six months, and that no part of the expense of ex- 
 changing libraries shall be borne by the public. (Actr- 1910, p. 490) 
 490) 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 
 
 145. Fire escapes from buildings of over three stories. It shall 
 be the duty of the owner or owners of all factories, workshops, hotels, 
 school buildings, and .hospitals in this State of over three stories, 
 in height, theatres and public places of amusement, to- provide for 
 the safe exit of the occupants thereof in case of fire by the erec- 
 tion or construction of fire escapes of the most approved modern 
 design. The character and design of said fire escapes shall, in 
 cities and towns, be selected by the council of said cities and 
 towns ; and where the buildings are not located in cities and towns 
 by the board of supervisors of the county. Any owner or owners 
 of such buildings shall have the right to require the council of 
 the city or town in which said buildings are located, or in the 
 counties the board designated by this act, to make such selection) 
 of said fire escapes as is provided by this act; and in case of their 
 failure or refusal they shall be compellable by mandamus. 
 
 Any owner or owners of such buildings who shall fail to com- 
 ply with the first section of this act by the first day of January,, 
 eighteen hundred and ninety-one, shall be deemed guilty of a mis- 
 demeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than twenty- 
 five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for each month they 
 shall fail to provide such fire escapes. (Code, Sec. 1067a) 
 
 146. Governor to designate arbor day. The Governor shall an- 
 nually, in the spring, designate by official proclamation a day to- 
 be designated as " arbor day/' to be observed throughout the State 
 as a day of planting of trees, shrubs, and vines about the houses, 
 and along the highways, and about public grounds in this State, 
 thus contributing to the wialth, comfort, and attractions of the 
 State. (Code, Sec. 222b) 
 
 147. Injuries to public buildings, etc.; how punished. If any 
 person wilfully and maliciously break any window or door of the 
 capitol, or in any court-house, house of public worship, college, 
 school-house, city or town hall, or other public building, or wilfully 
 and maliciously injure or deface the capitol, or any statuary in the 
 

 121 
 
 capitol or on the Capitol Square, or in any other public buildings 
 or on any public grounds, or wilfully and maliciously injure or 
 deface any court-house, house of public worship, or city or town 
 hall, or other public building, or wilfully and maliciously destroy 
 or carry away furniture belonging to or in either of the said build- 
 ings, he shall be fined not exceeding three hundred dollars, or con- 
 fined in jail not exceeding sixty days, or both. (Code, Sec. 3731) 
 
 148. To protect schools, literary societies, etc. If any person 
 wilfully interrupt, molest, or disturb any school exercises, free 
 school or other school, literary society, or, being intoxicated, dis- 
 turb the same, whether wilfully or not, he shall be guilty of a mis- 
 demeanor and fined not less than ten nor more than fifty dollars, 
 or at the discretion of the court be confined in the jail of the county 
 not more than thirty days, in addition to said fine. A justice of 
 the peace or police justice may try and determine these cases. 
 (Code, Sec. 3805b) 
 
 149. Burning meeting-house, court-house, college, school-house, 
 and so forth, how punished. If any person maliciously burn any 
 meeting-house, court-house, town-house, college, academy, school- 
 house, or other building erected for public use (except a jail or 
 prison), or any banking-house, warehouse, storehouse, manufac- 
 tory, or mill of another person, not usually occupied by persons 
 lodging therein at night, or if he maliciously set fire to anything 
 by the burning whereof any building mentioned in this section shall 
 be burnt, he shall be confined in the penitentiary, when such build- 
 ing, with the property therein, is of the value of one thousand 
 dollars, not less than three nor more than ten years; and when it 
 is of less value, not less than three nor more than five years. (Code, 
 Sec. 3697) 
 
 150. William and Mary College; State students. The board 
 of visitors shall prescribe rules for the examination and admission 
 of the pupils applying for normal instruction, and shall require 
 each pupil to give satisfactory assurance of his intention and will- 
 ingness to teach in the public schools of the State for at least two 
 years after leaving said institution, and each of said pupils shall 
 have, free of charge for tuition, the privileges of the collegiate 
 course. 
 
 Each county and city in the State shall be entitled to one pupil, 
 who shall be nominated by the division superintendent of schools, 
 and- if any vacancy occurs it shall be filled from the State at large 
 bv the board of visitors, and each county and city in the State 
 
122 
 
 shall also be entitled to one additional pupil for each additional 
 representative in the house of delegates above one, to .be appointed 
 in a similar manner. The said pupil so appointed shall be exempt 
 from tuition fees, and the charge for their board, washing, lights 
 and fuel shall not exceed the sum of twelve dollars per month. 
 (Acts 1906, p. 95, Sees. 5 and 6) 
 
 151. Number of pupils each county and city may send free to 
 the State Female Normal School. Each city and county in the State 
 shall be entitled to one pupil, and one for each additional repre- 
 sentative in the house of delegates above one, who shall receive 
 gratuitous instruction. The board shall prescribe rules for the se- 
 lection of such pupils and for their examination, and shall re- 
 quire, each pupil selected to give satisfactory evidence of an in- 
 tention to teach in the public schools of the State for at least two 
 years after leaving the said school. (Code, Sec. 1611) 
 
 152. University of Virginia; State students admitted free of 
 tuition, etc. The sum of forty thousand dollars for the support of 
 the University shall be paid annually out of any money in the 
 public treasury not otherwise appropriated. But this appropriation 
 is on condition that the said institution shall give instruction to all 
 white students of the State of Virginia over the age of sixteen 
 years, who shall be matriculated under rules and regulations pre- 
 scribed by the board of visitors, without charge for tuition in the 
 academic department, consisting of the following schools, to-wit: 
 The schools of Latin, Greek, modern languages, pure mathematics, 
 moral philosophy, natural philosophy, historical science, agriculture, 
 zoology and botany, natural history and geology, general and in- 
 dustrial chemistry, and English language and literature; but no 
 person shall be admitted as a student free of charge for tuition 
 fees, under the provisions of this section, unless the faculty be 
 satisfied, by actual examination of the applicant, or by a certifi- 
 cate from some college or preparatory school that he has made 
 such proficiency in the branch of study which he proposes to pursue 
 as will enable him to avail himself of the advantages afforded by 
 the University. (Code, Sec. 1554) 
 
 Note. By Acts of 1906, p. 179. this amount was increased to 
 $75,000.00, on condition that the then " University fee 7 ' of $40.00 in 
 the academic department should be reduced to $10.00. 
 
 153. Virginia Military Institute; State cadets admitted free of 
 board and tuition. The board shall admit as State cadets, free of 
 charge for board and tuition, upon evidence of fair moral char- 
 
123 
 
 not less than fifty young men, who shall be not less than six- 
 teen nor more than twenty-five years of age, one of whom shall 
 be selected from each of the senatorial districts as at present con- 
 stituted, and the other eleven from the State at large. Whenever 
 a vacancy has occurred, or is likely to occur in any district, due 
 notice of the time and place of making the appointment to supply 
 the vacancy shall be given. If, after such notice, no suitable per- 
 son shall apply from such district, the vacancy may be supplied from 
 the State at large. (Code, Sec. 1575) 
 
 154. State Cadets to act as teachers. Every cadet received on 
 State account, and who shall have remained in the institute during 
 the period of two years or more, shall act in the capacity of teacher 
 in some school in this State for two years after leaving the insti- 
 tute, and such cadet shall be required to discharge said obligation 
 as teacher within the three years immediately after leaving the in- 
 stitution, and said cadet shall report in writing to the superin- 
 tendent of the institute on or before the first day of June of each 
 year succeeding the date of his leaving the institution until he shall 
 have discharged fully said obligation to the Commonwealth; and 
 every cadet so received on State account in said institute on re- 
 porting for duty and matriculating shall be required to enter into 
 a bond, payable to the Virginia Military Institute, in a sum suflfi- 
 'cient to cover the board and tuition that may be expended in his. 
 behalf as such State cadet; and unless the said cadet shall fulfill* 
 his said obligation as aforesaid he shall be deemed to have violated 
 his contract, and authority is hereby given to the institution to 
 proceed by law for the collection from said cadet of such amount 
 as may be necessary to cover so much of his board and tuition as ; 
 may proportionately be due from his failure to teach the whole 
 or any part of the said two years ; and no cadet executing such 
 bond shall be permitted to plead infancy or the statute of limita- 
 tion in bar of recovery of such debt: provided, the board of visi- 
 tors may excuse said cadet from teaching in such cases as they 
 may deem right and proper: and provided further, if said cadet 
 shall teach two years in any public school of this Commonwealth 
 for the term prescribed for any year by the legal authority of pub- 
 lic schools he shall be deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to. 
 the State imposed by this section. (Code, Sec. 3582) 
 
 155. Students who may attend the Virginia Agricultural and 
 Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute free of charge. A 
 number of students equal to four times the number of members of 
 
124 
 
 the house of delegates, to be apportioned in the same manner, shall 
 have the privilege of attending said college without charge for 
 tuition, use of laboratories or public buildings, to be selected by 
 the school trustees of the respective counties, cities, and election 
 districts for said delegates, with reference to the highest proficiency 
 and good character, from the white male students of the free schools 
 of their respective counties, cities, and election districts, or in their 
 discretion, from others than those attending said free schools. 
 (Code, Sec. 1587) 
 
 156. How long students may attend free of charge. The said 
 students privileged to attend the college without charge for tui- 
 tion, use of laboratories, or public buildings, shall continue to be 
 selected for a period of two years: provided, that on the recom- 
 mendation of the faculty of the said college, for more than ordi- 
 nary diligence and proficiency, any student so selected may be 
 continued by the said Board of Visitors for a longer period. (Code, 
 Sec. 1590) 
 
 157. Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute. First. There 
 shall be admitted into the institute, free of charge for tuition, use 
 of laboratory or public buildings, and upon such term's as to 
 board and other expenditures as the board of visitors may 
 prescribe, a number of colored students equal to twice the 
 cumber of members of the house of delegates, to be appor- 
 tioned in the same manner. Such students shall be designated 
 .as State students, and shall not be less than fifteen years of 
 .age, and shall be selected by the superintendents of schools for the 
 respective counties and cities from the colored pupils of either sex 
 attending the free schools, or in their discretion from others than 
 those attending said free schools. Superior proficiency in study 
 
 .and good moral character shall be duly regarded in the selections. 
 Second. Due notice shall be given by the president of said in- 
 stitute to the county and city superintendents of schools of all 
 vacancies existing, or likely to occur, in said institute in the case 
 of State students; whereupon said county or city superintendents 
 of schools shall proceed to fill said vacancy and officially notify 
 -the president of said institute of said appointment. If, in due 
 time after such notice, no appointment be made, the vacancy indi- 
 cated may be filled by the board of visitors from the State at large: 
 provided, that any State student, as a condition precedent to ad- 
 mission into said institute, shall enter into a written contract with 
 said board of visitors to engage in teaching school or other edu- 
 
no f i nn al - 
 
 125 
 
 cational Avork for not less than two years ; but said student, by this 
 section, shall not be deprived of any compensation which he may be 
 able to obtain for teaching or other educational work. Should any 
 such State student fail to comply with the contract herein speci- 
 fied, he may be relieved therefrom by the payment in cash of 
 one-half of the tuition and other fees remitted to him while he or 
 she was a student of said institute. 
 
 Third. The president, professors and teachers of the Virginia 
 Normal and Industrial Institute shall be required, during each and 
 every year, to conduct a summer normal school for the benefit of 
 the colored teachers of the public schools of this State and those 
 who expect to become teachers in the public schools; said summer 
 normal school shall begin on a day to be designated by the board 
 of visitors, not later than the first day of July, and to continue 
 for a term 1 of four weeks. In said summer school shall be taught 
 such branches as relate to the academic and professional improve- 
 ment of teachers. 
 
 Fourth. While in attendance upon said summer normal school 
 the teachers may occupy the institute buildings, and be furnished 
 such accommodations as to board in the like manner as are the 
 regular students of the institute. They shall be subject to such 
 rules and regulations as to government and discipline as shall be 
 approved by the board of visitors. The charge for board and 
 lodging to each teacher shall not exceed two dollars per week. 
 All regular employees of said institute shall perform such service 
 during the summer normal term as the authorities of the institute 
 may require. (Code, Sec. 1613, subsections 8, 9, 15 and 18) 
 
 158. Supervision of Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute 
 by Board of Education. The institute and board of visitors shall 
 be under the supervision and control of the Board of Education; 
 and no action of said board of visitors shall be valid if disap- 
 proved by the Board of Education. (Code, Sec. 1635) 
 
 159. Selection of students of Hampton Normal and Agricultural 
 Institute. The trustees of said institute may select not less than 
 one hundred students, with reference to their character and pro- 
 ficiency, from the colored free schools of the State, who shall have 
 the privilege of attending the said institute on the same terms that 
 State students are allowed to attend the agricultural and mechani- 
 cal college under section fifteen hundred and ninety. (Code, Sec. 
 1603) 
 
 160. Duties of president or chairman of board of visitors or 
 
126 
 
 trustees of State institutions. It shall be the duty of the president 
 or chairman of the board of visitors or trustees of every State in- 
 stitution which is educational in its character to cause to be made 
 out by the superintendent, president, principal, or other proper of- 
 ficer of such institution, and forwarded to the office of the Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, on or before the first day of October 
 of each year, a report for the year ending the thirtieth of June pre- 
 ceding. Said report shall set forth the condition and progress of 
 said institutions, the number of professors, assistant teachers, and 
 other officers, and the compensation of each; the whole number 
 of students in attendance; the course of instruction, academic, pro- 
 fessional, or technical; the means and methods of instruction; the 
 number of students in the different classes; the terms of tuition; 
 the number of students admitted free of charge for tuition; the 
 kind and amount of all funds and endowments yielding an income ; 
 the annual income from all sources, and the items thereof; the 
 amount of expenditures, and the items thereof; and such other in- 
 formation as may be deemed necessary to a full exhibit of the 
 affairs and conditions of said institutions. Said reports shall be 
 embodied in the annual report of the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction to the Board of Education, to be by the president of said 
 board laid before the General Assembly of Virginia. All acts and 
 parts of acts requiring reports of said institutions to be made other- 
 wise than as specified in this act are hereby repealed. (Code, Sec. 
 1637) 
 
 161. Penalty if report not made. If no such report is made 
 from any college or academy which receives any portion of the 
 revenue of the literary fund, or to which any loan has been made 
 out of the said fund, the Second Auditor shall withhold (until the 
 report is made) the payment of such portion of the literary fund 
 or proceed to enforce payment of the said loan. (Code, Sec. 1638) 
 
 162. An act authorizing 1 the borrowing of money and issuing of 
 bonds therefor by the towns in this Commonwealth, etc. Be it 
 enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia. That any town of 
 this Commonwealth, for any one or more of the following purposes, 
 namely: To provide for a water supply, water works, a suitable 
 equipment against fire, or for erecting or improving school build- 
 ings, grading, paving, repaving. curbing, or otherwise improving 
 any one or more of the streets or alleys, or widening existing ones, 
 in such town, or for locating, instituting and maintaining sewers 
 and culverts in and along any of such streets, avenues or alleys, or 
 

 127 
 
 any part thereof, should the voters thereof so elect, in the manner 
 prescribed by an act of the General Assembly of Virginia ap- 
 proved April twenty-seventh, nineteen hundred and three, entitled 
 *'an act to provide for holding the elections in towns upon questions 
 of bond issue," and chapter three hundred and twenty-four of the 
 Acts of the General Assembly of Virginia, approved November 
 twenty-fifth, nineteen hundred and three, amending and re-enacting 
 section nine of the act aforesaid, is hereby authorized and em- 
 powered to borrow money in such sum or sums, not exceeding in the 
 aggregate eighteen per centum of the assessed valuation of the 
 real estate in the town subject to taxation, as shown by the last 
 preceding assessment for taxes, upon the faith, credit and prop- 
 erty thereof, and to issue bonds therefor, signed by the mayor 
 and attested by the clerk or recorder: but provided, that such 
 honds shall not be sold at less than their par value and bear 
 interest at a rate not exceeding six per centum per annum, and 
 shall become due and payable within thirty-five years from the date 
 of issue. The council of any town proceeding hereunder shall make 
 proper provision for the payment of the annual interest upon such 
 bonds as may be issued under this act, and shall provide a sinking 
 fund for the redemption thereof at maturity; the coupons thereof 
 shall be receivable for town taxes. (Acts 1906, p. 235) 
 
 163. How elections for free school purposes held and results 
 determined. All officers who, under the general laws, are charged 
 with the conduct of elections and the determination of the results 
 thereof, shall render official service in the matter of votes ordered 
 for public free school purposes under such regulations as shall be 
 prescribed by the Board of Education. But all elections for public 
 free school purposes shall be held after notice thereof given accord- 
 ing to section one hundred and fifteen. (Code. Sec. 101) 
 
 164. When special election ordered by Governor, et cetera; how 
 writ issued and notice given.- -Whenever a special election is or- 
 dered by the Governor, Speaker of the House, or President of the 
 Senate, it shall be his duty to issue a writ of election, designating 
 the office to be filled at such election and the time such election is 
 to be held, and transmit the same to the sheriff of the county and 
 the sergeant of the corporation in which such election is to be held, 
 to be by such sheriff or sergeant published by posting a copy thereof 
 at each voting place in his county or corporation at least ten days 
 before such election. (Code, Sec. 115) 
 
 165. Joint resolution setting apart the birthday of Jef- 
 
128 
 
 ferson Davis as a day of recreation in the public schools, etc. 
 Whereas Jefferson Davis, president of the late Confederate States 
 of America, was born on the 3d day of June, eighteen hundred and 
 eight, and in order to commemorate his distinguished services as a 
 patriot, Christian, and champion of constitutional liberty, and at 
 the earnest request of Richmond Chapter, Eichmond, the Seven- 
 teenth Virginia Regiment Chapter, Alexandria, and other chap- 
 ters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy in the State; 
 therefore, 
 
 Be it resolved by the General Assembly of Virginia, as a mark 
 of perpetual respect and remembrance of the said Jefferson Davis, 
 and of the distinguished services rendered by him. That the third 
 day of June in each year be, and the same is hereby, set apart as 
 a day of recreation in the public schools of the Commonwealth, 
 and that the public offices of the State be closed after twelve 
 o'clock meridian of each recurrence of said day, and that the flag 
 of the State be hoisted over the capitol building. (Acts 1899-1900, 
 p. 1374) 
 
 166. An act to establish a public free school on the grounds of 
 the Prison Association of Virginia at Laurel, Henrico county, 
 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That a 
 public free school be established on the grounds of the Prison Asso- 
 ciation of Virginia at Laurel, Henrico county, for the exclusive 
 benefit and use of the boys and youths confined in the institution at 
 that place, known as the Laurel reformatory. 
 
 2. Said school shall be under the control of the State Board of 
 Education, except that the discipline of the scholars shall be un- 
 der the control of the said prison association. Said scholars shall 
 attend said school at least three hours a day, Saturdays and Sun- 
 days excepted. Said association may permit any scholar to attend 
 for a greater period than three hours per day, but nothing herein 
 shall be construed to take away from said association any authority 
 or control over the boys and youths under its control except 
 as above stated. 
 
 3. The sum of twenty-five hundred dollars is hereby appropri- 
 ated, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
 for the erection and equipment of the said school-house, and the 
 Auditor of Public Accounts is directed to pay said amount to the 
 directors of said association, the same to be expended under the 
 direction of the said State Board of Education. 
 
 The sum of one thousand dollars per annum is also hereby 
 
129 
 
 appropriated out of the school funds of this State for the mainte- 
 nance of said school, the same to be applied to the payment of 
 teachers, said money to be set apart as other money for the sup- 
 port of public free schools is set apart, except that it shall be re- 
 ceived and paid out by said State Board of Education. (Acts 1908 
 p. 688) 
 
 167. An act to establish a public free school on the grounds of 
 
 the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia in Hanover county. 
 
 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That a 
 public school be established on the grounds of the Negro Reforma- 
 tory Association of Virginia in Hanover county, for the exclusive 
 benefit and use of the boys and youths confined in the institution 
 at that place, known as the Negro Reformatory Association of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 2. Said school shall be under the control of the State Board of 
 Education, except that the discipline of the pupils shall be under 
 the control of the said Negro Reformatory Association. Said pupils 
 shall attend said school at least three hours a day, Saturdays 
 and Sundays excepted. Said association may permit any pupil 
 to attend for a greater period than three hours per day, but noth- 
 ing herein shall be construed to take away from said association any 
 authority or control over the boys and youths under its control ex- 
 cept as above stated. 
 
 3. The sum of six hundred dollars per annum is hereby ap- 
 propriated out of the school funds of this State for the mainte- 
 nance of said school, the same to be applied to the payment of 
 teachers, the said money to be set apart as other money for the 
 support of public free schools is set apart, except that it shall be 
 received and paid out by said State Board of Education. (Acts 
 1910, p. 327) 
 
 168. An act to constitute a united agricultural board to co- 
 ordinate the Virginia College of Agriculture and Polytechnic Insti- 
 tute and the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Com- 
 missioner and State Board of Agriculture, and the State Board of 
 Education, in co-operation with the United States Department, of 
 Agriculture, for the betterment of agricultural, experimental and 
 demonstration work, and generally to advance the agricultural in- 
 terests of this State, and to authorize boards of supervisors to ap- 
 propriate county funds for experimental and demonstration work 
 in their respective counties. Whereas experiments heretofore con- 
 ducted have demonstrated that in order successfully to encourage 
 
130 , 
 
 the adoption of improved methods of agriculture in Virginia, ap- 
 plicable to every section, crop and interest, it is necessary that 
 experiment stations shall be located in the different agricultural 
 'districts of the State, which should ascertain by careful, scientific 
 experiments, the best methods of crop relation, fertilizing culture, 
 control of insect pests and diseases, et cetera, of the crops most 
 commonly grown, or which may be profitably grown in the re- 
 spective districts and that the facts so ascertained shall be earned 
 by the teacher, institute lecturer and demonstrator to the people; 
 and 
 
 Whereas it is necessary to the* fullest success of this plan that 
 the said Virginia College of Agriculture and Polytechnic Institute, 
 and the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Commis- 
 sioner and State Board of Agriculture, and the State Board of Edu- 
 cation should unite their agencies in harmonious and determined 
 efforts to advance by the methods above set forth, and in every 
 other legitimate and practical way, the great agricultural inter- 
 ests of the State; and in order to co-ordinate harmoniously the 
 efforts of these various State agencies in hearty co-operation with 
 the United States Department of Agriculture, which has been so 
 successfully conducting its operations along these lines in Vir- 
 ginia; therefore, 
 
 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, That 
 a board to be known as the United Agricultural Board be, and the 
 same is hereby, established, to be composed of the Governor, the 
 State Superintendent of Public Instruction, representing the State 
 Board of Education; the Commissioner of Agriculture, and two 
 members of the State Board of Agriculture, to be selected by that 
 board; the president of the Virginia College of Agriculture and 
 Polytechnic Institute; the director of the Virginia Agricultural 
 Experiment Station, and one member of the board of visitors of 
 those institutions to be selected by the said board; the supervisor 
 of the district experiment stations; the general director of demon- 
 stration work of the United States Department of Agriculture; 
 and the Virginia director of demonstration work of the United 
 States Department of Agriculture. The members of said board 
 shall hold office during the term of incumbency of the several 
 offices which render them ex-officio members of this board, except 
 that the State Board of Agriculture and the board of visitors of 
 the Virginia Qollege of Agriculture and Polytechnic Institute, and 
 Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station shall have power to 
 
131 
 
 elect a successor to its members of the board for two-year periods, 
 beginning March first, nineteen hundred and ten, or in the interim 
 whenever its member of the board is incapacitated from, serving 
 on said board by death, resignation or otherwise. It is further 
 provided also that the officials of the United States Department 
 of Agriculture herein designated as members of the board shall 
 continue in office so long as that department co-operates in the 
 work for which the United Agricultural Board is established. 
 
 The officers of the board shall be the Governor as chairman, 
 and a secretary, to be elected by the board. 
 
 2. The members of the United Agricultural Board shall not be 
 entitled to any compensation, but the Virginia members shall be 
 reimbursed for their actual and necessary traveling expenses and 
 hotel bills while engaged in the discharge of their duties, to be 
 paid out of the funds hereinafter mentioned, allotted, respectively, 
 to the State agencies entitled to membership on the board. 
 
 3. The United Agricultural Board shall, under such rules and 
 regulations as it may prescribe, assign to the Virginia College of 
 Agriculture and Polytechnic Institute the adult demonstration work 
 and movable schools and other like agencies when estbalished; to 
 the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, under like rules 
 and regulations, the establishment and direction of the local or dis- 
 trict experiment stations; to the State Board of Education, under 
 like rules and regulations, the experimental and demonstration work 
 in connection with the public schools of the State ; and to the Com- 
 missioner and State Board of Agriculture, under like rules and 
 regulations, the direction and management of the farmers' insti- 
 tutes to be held in the different sections of this State; and the 
 said United Agricultural Board may adopt such other methods 
 and agencies, not herein specifically enumerated, as shall tend to 
 further the interests of agriculture, and assign to the various agen- 
 cies represented on the United Board such duties as may seem 
 T^est. 
 
 4. For the purpose of carrying this bill into effect in addition 
 to the money allotted by the United States Department of Agri- 
 culture and the General Education Board, acting through the 
 United States general director of demonstration work, and from 
 other sources, the State Board of Education is hereby directed to 
 appropriate and set apart out of the common school fund the sum 
 of five thousand dollars annually; the sum of five thousand dollars 
 shall be paid annually to the Commissioner of Agriculture; the 
 
132 
 
 sum. of five thousand dollars shall be paid annually to the Virginia 
 College of Agriculture and Polytechnic Institute; the sum of five 
 thousand dollars shall be paid annually to the Virginia Agricul- 
 tural Experiment Station, out of any fund in the treasury of the 
 State not otherwise appropriated; said several sums of money to 
 be paid by warrants authorized by the United Agricultural Board, 
 signed by its secretary and countersigned by the chairman: pro- 
 vided, that all moneys appropriated under this act shall be used 
 for the purposes of this act. But nothing in this act shall apply 
 to any funds except those mentioned in this act. And the moneys 
 allotted to the Commissioner of Agriculture shall be used for farm- 
 ers ' institutes ; the moneys allotted to the Virginia College of Agri- 
 culture and Polytechnic Institute shall be used for adult demonstra- 
 tion work, movable schools, et cetera; and the money allotted to 
 the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station shall be used for ex- 
 perimental work at the local or district experiment station estab- 
 lished or to be established, and for no other purpose; and 
 the money appropriated by the State Board of Education 
 shall be used for experiments and demonstrations in con- 
 nection with the schools of the State. An itemized statement with 
 all vouchers shall be reported to the Governor and included in 
 his annual report. 
 
 5. If it shall appear to the board that any of the work required 
 by this act, or which shall be prescribed by the board, is not be- 
 ing faithfully and efficiently performed by the agency to which it 
 is assigned, the board shall at once inquire into the matter and 
 has the power to take action assigning said work to some other 
 agency, or in any other way that may seem best for the faithful 
 and efficient performance of said work. The moneys provided and 
 appropriated under this act shall not be available prior to the 
 twenty-eighth day of February, nineteen hundred and eleven. 
 
 6. The board may determine its own by-laws and rules of proce- 
 dure, except that a meeting may be called at any time by the 
 chairman on ten days' notice, and the secretary shall issue calls 
 for a meeting of the members of the board, giving ten days' notice, 
 upon request in writing of not less than five members, and it shall 
 require a majority vote of the entire membership to pass any ques- 
 tion or /resolution coming before it. In case of a tie vote the Gov- 
 ernor shall be entitled to cast an additional deciding vote. 
 
 7. The boards of supervisors of the several counties of the State 
 
133 
 
 are hereby authorized and empowered to appropriate out of county 
 funds for experimental and demonstration work in their respective 
 counties such sums as the said boards shall deem proper, not to 
 -exceed twenty dollars for each one thousand inhabitants. 
 
 8. But nothing in this act shall apply to the Virginia Truck 
 Experiment Station. (Acts 1910, p. 573) 
 
 169. Authorizing the board of supervisors of any county to 
 contribute and expend a sum of money for the purpose of promot- 
 ing- agriculture in said county. Be it enacted by the General As- 
 sembly of Virginia, That the board of supervisors of any county 
 in this State be, and they are hereby, empowered, in their discre- 
 tion, out of the general county levy of said county, to apply and 
 expend annually a sum not exceeding five hundred dollars in each 
 year for the purpose of promoting agriculture in said county. (Acts 
 1910, p. 502) 
 
 OF PUBLIC FREE SCHOOLS IN CITIES AND IN TOWNS CONSTITUTING 
 SEPARATE SCHOOL DISTRICTS 
 
 170. Their establishment and management. An efficient sys- 
 tem of public free schools shall be established and maintained in 
 all cities and towns constituting separate school districts of the 
 State. 
 
 The public free school system shall be administered by the fol- 
 lowing authorities, to-wit : A State Board of Education, a Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, division superintendents of schools 
 and city school boards. The provisions of chapter sixty-six, ex- 
 cept as provided in this chapter, shall be applicable to such cities 
 and towns in like manner as to the counties of the Commonwealth, 
 and city and town school boards, officers, trustees, and teachers, 
 as well as city and town treasurers, are charged, with reference 
 to the public free schools of such cities and towns, with the duties, 
 vested with the powers of and subject to the limitations and penal- 
 ties imposed upon similar officers, boards, trustees, and treasurers 
 in the counties by chapter sixty-six, unless otherwise provided. 
 (Code, Sec. 1522) 
 
 Note. Chapter 66 of the Code em-braces sections 1427-1521, 
 and chapter 67, sections 1522-1540, both inclusive. 
 
 171. Classification of cities. Cities which have a population 
 of ten thousand and upwards shall, for school purposes, be known 
 as cities of the first class, and cities which have less than ten thou- 
 
134 
 
 sand shall be known as cities of the second class ; but the provisions 
 of the law concerning cities shall be applicable to both classes alike, 
 unless the one or the other class be specifically referred to. (Code, 
 Sec. 1523) 
 
 172. Number and bounds of school districts. The school boards 
 of the respective cities shall have power, subject to the approval 
 of the common council, to prescribe the number and boundaries 
 of the school districts; but until such provision is made every such 
 
 ' city which is not divided into wards shall constitute a single school 
 district, and in every city which is divided into wards each ward 
 shall be a school district. The number and boundaries of districts 
 shall be duly reported to the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 and recorded in his office, and also in that of the clerk of the cor- 
 poration court or in that of the circuit court if there be no cor- 
 poration court. (Code. Sec. 1524) 
 
 173. Magisterial and school districts; levies in city of second 
 class. Such city of the second class, when declared to be such, 
 shall constitute one separate magisterial district and one separate 
 school district of the county in which it is located; and it shall 
 continue to elect all district officers for such magisterial district 
 in the manner provided by law; and the school trustees and other 
 school officers of such school district, whether elected or appointed, 
 shall bear the same relation to the county school as that existing be- 
 fore the city is declared to be such. There shall be but one superin- 
 tendent of schools for such city and the county in which such city 
 is located. 
 
 The board of supervisors of such county shall have the same 
 power and authority to levy a tax for county, school and district 
 purposes, upon all property within the corporate limits of such 
 city, as it has upon property in the remainder of the county with- 
 out the corporate limits of such city, except road taxes. And all 
 State, county, school and district levies, except road taxes or 
 levies, shall continue to be collected and disbursed by the county 
 treasurer in the same manner as if such city had not been de- 
 clared to be such. 
 
 As soon as such municipality shall have been declared to be a 
 city, all property within any annexed territory shall at once be and 
 become liable to the regular town or city tax rate, and all revenue 
 derived from such new territory by such city, whether by way of 
 taxes, licenses,- fines or otherwise, shall be paid into tbe city treas- 
 ury and be expended under the direction of the common council 
 
135 
 
 of said city in tjie same manner and for the same purposes as the 
 other funds of the city are or shall be expended. (Acts 1908, p. 7) 
 
 174. School Board of city a corporation. The school trustees 
 of each city shall be a body corporate under the name and style 
 of "The school board of the city of - ," by which name 
 it may sue and be sued, contract and be contracted with, and pur- 
 chase, take, hold, lease, and convey school property, both real and 
 personal. The title to all school property, both real and personal, 
 within the city, shall vest in the said board, except, by mutual con- 
 sent of the council and school board the title to property may 
 vest in the city. The trustees of the several districts, where there 
 are more than one, shall have no organization or duties except 
 such as may be assigned to them by the consolidated body. (Code, 
 Sec. 1525) 
 
 175. Territorial jurisdiction of the school board in cities and 
 towns constituting a separate school district; its clerk, his pay. 
 The official care and authority of the school board shall cover all 
 the territory included in the corporate limits of the city or town 
 constituting a separate school district. A majority of its members 
 shall constitute a quorum. It may, in its discretion, appoint a clerk, 
 who may or may not be a member of the board; and shall make 
 by-laws and regulations for its own government and for the man- 
 agement of its official business, so far as they do not conflict with 
 the provisions of the law. The salary of said clerk shall be fixed 
 by the school board. (Code, Sec. 1526) 
 
 176. Who ineligible as division superintendent. No mayor, 
 member of council, or treasurer of a city shall be eligible to the 
 office of division superintendent of schools of such city. (Codo 
 Sec. 1527) 
 
 177. School trustees. The council of each city shall appoint 
 three trustees for each school district in such city, whose term of 
 office shall be three years, respectively, and one of whom shall be 
 appointed annually. If a vacancy occurs in the office of trustee 
 at any time during the term the council shall fill it by appointing 
 another for such part of the term as has not expired. The trustees 
 in office when this act takes effect shall continue in office until the 
 terms for which they were respectively appointed shall have ex- 
 pired by limitation. Within thirty days preceding the day on 
 which the term of said trustees shall expire by limitation, and 
 within the like number of days preceding the day on which the 
 term of any trustee shall expire by limitation in any subsequent 
 
136 
 
 year, such council shall appoint a successor to each such trustee in 
 office, whose term shall commence when the term of his predecessor 
 shall have expired, provided the office of any such trustee has 
 not been abolished in redistricting the city, and provided that of 
 those first appointed under this chapter one shall be appointed for 
 a term of one year, one for a term of two years, and one for a 
 term of 'three years. (Code, Sec. 1528) 
 
 178. Power and duty of council. The council of each city shall 
 have power, and it shall be its duty, on or before the fourth Mon- 
 day in July in each year, or as soon thereafter as practicable, to 
 levy a tax upon the real and personal property in the city of 
 not to exceed fifty cents on the one hundred dollars of its assessed 
 value, or the council may, in its discretion, make an appropriation 
 in lieu of such levy. (Code, 'Sec. 1529) 
 
 179. Board to submit estimates to council. It shall be the duty 
 of the school board of every city, once in each year, and oftener 
 if deemed necessary, to submit to the council, in writing, a classi- 
 fied estimate of what funds will be needed for the proper mainte- 
 nance and growth of the public schools of the city, and to request 
 the council to make appropriation accordingly. (Code. Sec. 1530) 
 
 180. Apportionment of State funds; how and by whom kept 
 and disbursed. The State school funds shall be apportioned to 
 cities separately from their counties, and all funds designed for 
 the benefit of public free schools therein shall be deposited with 
 the treasurers of such cities and kept by said treasurers in separate 
 .accounts, and disbursed only on orders from the city school boards, 
 respectively. (Code, Sec. 1531) 
 
 18.1. Pay of division superintendent. The division superin- 
 tendent of a city shall receive pay from the State in like propor- 
 tion as other division superintendents of schools, but nothing herein 
 shall be construed to limit the amount of additional remuneration 
 which he may receive from the council of the city within which he 
 acts. (Code, Sec. 1533) 
 
 182. When to teach. The division superintendent of a city 
 may teach in a public school ex-officio when requested so to do by 
 the city school board. (Code, Sec. 1534) 
 
 183. Powers and duties of boards of trustees; qualification of 
 trustees, and so forth; a corporation. Every school trustee shall, 
 at the time of his appointment, be a resident of the school district 
 for which appointed, and if he shall cease to be a resident thereof 
 his office shall be deemed vacant. Before entering upon the dis- 
 
137 
 
 charge of the duties of his office he shall take and subscribe the 
 oaths prescribed for officers of the State before the corporation or 
 the circuit court, or, in vacation, before the judge or clerk of 
 said court, and the clerk of the said court shall make in his record 
 book a minute of the qualification of said trustee. 
 
 No federal or State officer, except a notary public ; no city offi- 
 cer, no member of council, or any officer thereof, shall during his 
 term of office be chosen or allowed to act as a school trustee; but 
 this provision shall not have the effect of prohibiting a commis- 
 sioner in chancery or commissioner in bankruptcy, or member of 
 the board of health, from holding such office. 
 
 The city school board of every city shall establish and main- 
 tain therein a general system of public free schools in accordance 
 with the requirements of the Constitution and the general educa- 
 tional policy of the Commonwealth, for the accomplishment of which 
 purpose it shall have the following powers and duties: 
 
 First. To explain, enforce, and observe the school laws, and 
 to make rules for the government of the schools, and for regulat- 
 ing the conduct of pupils going to and returning therefrom. 
 
 Second. To determine the studies to be pursued, the methods 
 of teaching, and government to be employed in the schools, and 
 the length of the school term. 
 
 Ihird. To employ teachers and dismiss them when delinquent, 
 inefficient, or in any wise unworthy of the position: provided, 
 that no school board shall employ or pay any teacher from the 
 public funds unless the teacher shall hold a certificate in full force, 
 according to the provisions of section fourteen hundred and sev- 
 enty-six of the laws relating to the public free schools in counties: 
 and provided further, that it shall not be lawful for the school 
 board of any city or of any town constituting a separate school 
 district to employ or pay any teacher from the public funds if said 
 teacher is the brother, sister, wife, son, or daughter of any member 
 of said board. 
 
 Fourth. To suspend or expel pupils when the prosperity and 
 efficiency of the school make it necessary. 
 
 Fifth. To decide what children, wishing to enter the schools 
 of the city, are entitled by reason of the poverty of their parents 
 or guardians to receive text-books free of charge, and to provide 
 for supplying them accordingly. 
 
 Sixth. To establish high and normal schools and such other 
 /schools as may, in its judgment, be necessary to the completeness 
 and efficiency of the school system. 
 
138 
 
 Seventh. To see that the census of children required by sec- 
 tions fourteen hundred and sixty-two and fourteen hundred and 
 sixty-three of the Code of Virginia is taken within the proper time 
 and in the proper manner. 
 
 Eighth. To hold regular meetings and to prescribe when and 
 how special meetings may be called. 
 
 Ninth. To call meetings of the people of the city for consul- 
 tation in regard to the school interests thereof, at which meetings 
 the chairman or some other member of the board shall preside 
 if present. 
 
 Tenth. To provide suitable school-houses, with proper furni- 
 ture and appliances, and to care for, manage, and control the school 
 property of the city. For these purposes it may lease, purchase, 
 or build such houses, according to the exigencies of the city and 
 the means at its disposal. No school-house shall be contracted 
 for or erected until the plans therefor shall have been submitted 
 to and approved in writing by the division superintendent of 
 schools, and no public school shall be allowed in any building which 
 is not in such condition and provided with such conveniences as 
 are required by a due regard to decency and health; and when a 
 school-house appears to the division superintendent of schools to 
 be unfit for occupancy, it shall be his duty to condemn the same, 
 and immediately to give notice thereof, in writing, to the chairman 
 of the school board, and thenceforth no public school shall be held 
 therein, nor shall any part of the State or city fund be applied to 
 support any school in such house until the division superintendent 
 shall certify, in writing, to the city school board, that he is satis- 
 fied with the condition of such building and with the appliances 
 pertaining thereto. 
 
 Eleventh. To visit the public free schools within the city from 
 time to time, and to take care that they are conducted according 
 to law and with the utmost efficiency. 
 
 Twelfth. To manage and control the school funds of the city, 
 to provide for the pay of teachers and of the clerk of the board, 
 for the cost of providing school-houses and the appurtenances 
 thereto and the repairs thereof, for school furniture and appli- 
 ances, for necessary text-books for indigent children attending the 
 public free schools, and for any other expenses attending the ad- 
 ministration of the public free school system, so far as the same 
 is under the control or at the charge of the school officers. 
 
 Thirteenth. To examine all claims against the school board, and 
 when approved to pay the same: provided, that a record of such 
 
139 
 
 approval shall be made in the proceedings of the board, and a 
 warrant on the city treasurer shall be drawn, signed by the chair- 
 man of the board and countersigned by the clerk thereof, payable 
 to the person or persons entitled to receive such money, and stat- 
 ing on its face the purpose or service for which it is to be paid, 
 and that such warrant is drawn in pursuance of an order entered 
 by the board on the day of . 
 
 Fourteenth. It shall be the duty of the school board of every 
 city, once in each year, and oftener if deemed necessary, to sub- 
 mit to the council, in writing, a classified estimate of what funds 
 will be needed for the proper maintenance and growth of the pub- 
 lic schools of the city, and to request the council to make provi- 
 sion, by appropriation or levy, for the same. 
 
 Fifteenth. To perform such other duties as shall be prescribed 
 by the State Board of Education or are imposed by other parts of 
 this act. 
 
 City school boards shall in general have the same powers in 
 relation to the condemnation or purchase of land and to the vest- 
 ing of the title thereof, and also in relation to the title to and 
 management of property of any kind applicable to school purposes, 
 whether heretofore or hereafter set apart therefor, and however so 
 set apart, whether by gift, grant, devise, or any other conveyance, 
 and from whatever source, as county and district school boards 
 have in the counties. They shall also have a clerk, who shall be 
 charged with the same duties as the clerk of district school boards. 
 (Code, Sec. 1538) 
 
Regulations of the State Board of Education 
 
 [Prescribed pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 132 of the Virginia Constitution] 
 
 1. Duties of superintendent of public instruction. The Super- 
 intendent of Public Instruction shall be the chief executive of the 
 public free school system, upon whom shall devolve the following 
 duties, to-wit: 
 
 First. He shall take care that the school laws and regulations 
 be faithfully executed, and shall use all proper means to promote 
 an appreciation and desire of education among the people. 
 
 Second. It shall be his duty to determine the true intent and 
 meaning of the school laws and regulations, and to explain to the 
 county superintendents and other school officers the several duties 
 enjoined thereby upon them, and his decision shall be final, unless 
 and until reversed by the State Board of Education. 
 
 Third. He shall prepare suitable registers, blank forms, and 
 regulations for making all reports and for conducting all necessary 
 business under the school law, and, by circulars and otherwise, shall 
 give such information and instructions as he shall deem conducive 
 to the proper organization and government of the public free 
 schools and the due execution of their duties by the school officers. 
 
 Fourth. He shall require of division superintendents detailed 
 reports annually, and as often besides as he may deem proper; 
 and he may require special reports at any time of any officer con- 
 nected with the school system. He may also appoint persons, at 
 his discretion, to visit or examine all or any part of the public free 
 schools in the county wherein such persons reside, and roport to 
 him touching all such matters respecting their condition and man- 
 agement, and the means of improving them, as he may indicate; 
 but no allowance or compensation shall be made to such persons 
 for their services or expenses. 
 
 Fifth. It shall be his duty, as often as may be consistent with 
 his other official engagements, to make tours of inspection among 
 the public free schools throughout the State. 
 
 Sixth. He shall decide all appeals from decisions of division 
 superintendents of schools, when made in prescribed form; he may, 
 however, in his discretion, refer the matter to the State Board of 
 Education, whose decision shall always be final. But appeals shall 
 
142 
 
 lie in all cases from the decisions of the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction to the State Board of Education. 
 
 Seventh. Copies oj; his decisions and of the decisions of the 
 board, as well as of all his official papers, shall be kept on file in 
 his office, and be open to the inspection of persons concerned. 
 
 Eighth. He shall also preserve, in convenient arrangement in 
 his office,, all such documents from other States and governments, 
 books or pamphlets on educational subjects, school books, appara- 
 tus, maps, charts, and the like, as have been or shall be furnished 
 gratuitously for public use, or purchased for the use of his office. 
 
 Ninth. He shall annually, and as often besides as he may deem 
 necessary, prepare a scheme for apportioning the money appro- 
 priated by the State for public free school purposes among the 
 several counties and cities, on the basis of the number of children 
 between the ages of seven and twenty years in each school dis- 
 trict, as ascertained from the census last taken, or. in default of 
 that, from the latest and best official authority accessible to him. 
 This scheme shall be accompanied by summaries of the data on 
 which the same is founded, and a copy thereof, and of the sum- 
 maries aforesaid, shall be furnished to the second auditor, to each 
 division superintendent of schools, and to each county and city 
 treasurer. 
 
 Tenth. He shall provide for his office a suitable official seal, with 
 which he may authenticate official documents. 
 
 Eleventh. He shall annually submit to the State Board of Edu- 
 cation, on or before the first day of November, a detailed report of 
 his official proceedings for the year ending the thirtieth day of June 
 preceding, exhibiting a plain statistical account of receipts and 
 expenditures for public free schools, and of their condition and 
 progress, showing the number of children, male and female, white 
 and colored, respectively, in the State, and in each county, city, 
 and school district, between the ages of seven and twenty years, 
 the average and total number at school during the year, wages 
 paid teachers, the amount of each branch of school expenditure 
 severally, the cost of education per scholar, and whatever else may 
 tend to show the degree of success and usefulness of the system; 
 he shall also be at liberty, and it shall be his duty, to offer sug- 
 gestions to the State Board of Education and to the General As- 
 sembly concerning matters pertaining to his department at any time 
 that the public interests seem to him to require it. 
 
143 
 
 2. Acting under authority of section 1433, sub-division 5, of the 
 Code of Virginia, a State board of examiners, consisting of four 
 members, is hereby created, and the State is divided into four cir- 
 cuits, as foUows: 
 
 First Circuit The first circuit is composed of the counties and 
 cities of Accomac, Caroline, Charles City, Chesterfield, Elizabeth 
 City, Essex, Fredericksburg, Gloucester, Goochlarid, Hanover, Hen- 
 rico, James City, King and Queen, King George, King William, Lan- 
 caster, Manchester, Mathews, Middlesex, New Kent, Newport News, 
 Northampton, Northumberland, Richmond city, Richmond county, 
 Spotsylvania, Stafford, Warwick, Williamsburg, Westmoreland and 
 York. 
 
 Second Circuit The second circuit is composed of the counties 
 and cities of Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Bucking- 
 ham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, 
 Greenesville, Halifax, Isle of Wight, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, 
 Mecklenburg, Nansemond, Norfolk city, Norfolk county, Notto- 
 way, Petersburg, Pittsylvania, Portsmouth, Powhatan> Prince Ed- 
 ward, Prince George, Princess Anne, Southampton, Surry and 
 Sussex. 
 
 Third Circuit The third circuit is composed of the counties 
 and cities of Albemarle, Alexandria city, Alexandria county, Alle- 
 ghany, Amherst, Augusta, Bath, Buena Vista, Charlottesville, 
 Clarke, Clifton Forge, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, Fluvanna, 
 Frederick, Greene, Highland, Loudoun, Louisa, Madison, Nelson, 
 Orange, Page, Prince William, Rappahannock, Rockbridge, Rock- 
 ingham, Shenandoah, Staunton, Warren and Winchester. 
 
 Fourth Circuit The fourth circuit is composed of the coun- 
 ties and cities of Bland, Botetourt, Bristol, Buchanan, Carroll, 
 Craig, Dickenson, Floyd, Franklin, Giles, Grayson, Henry, Lee, 
 Montgomery, Patrick, Pulaski, Radford, Roanoke city, Roanoke 
 county, Russell, Scott, Smyth, Tazewell, Washington, Wise and 
 Wythe. 
 
 3. Term of office. The term of office of the members of the 
 State Board of Examiners shall be three years : provided, that those 
 selected on June 22, 1905, shall serve as follows: two for one 
 year; two for two years; and one for three years; the length of 
 service of each examiner to be determined by lot. 
 
 4. The compensation. The compensation of each examiner is 
 two thousand ($2,000) dollars per annum, with an allowance for 
 necessary expenses while engaged in the duties of the office. The 
 
144 
 
 secretary of the board is allowed $12.50 per month in addition to 
 the amount named above. 
 
 5. By whom employed. The State Board of Examiners shall 
 be employed by the State Board of Education, and shall be directly 
 responsible to said board, which shall have the power of removal 
 for cause. 
 
 6. Duties of the board of examiners. The following regula- 
 tions have been adopted by the State Board of Education governing 
 the State Board of Examiners: 
 
 The State Board of Examiners shall perform such duties as are 
 hereinafter prescribed, and such other duties as the State Board of 
 Education may from time to time designate. 
 
 It shall be the duty of each member of the State Board of 
 Examiners 
 
 First. To make an annual report to the Superintendent of Pub- 
 lic Instruction, who shall transmit the same to the State Board of 
 Education, showing the school conditions in counties and cities in- 
 cluded in his circuit, and giving such other information and sug- 
 gestions as may seem pertinent. 
 
 Second. To present to the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 a special report on dny matter submitted to him whenever the 
 superintendent may so demand, and to perform such other duties 
 as may be required of him by the Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction and the State Board of Education. 
 
 Third. To attend any regular or special meeting of the State 
 Board of Education when so requested, the expenses of such at- 
 tendance to be charged against the allowance made to cover 
 expenses. 
 
 7. Duties to division superintendents. It shall be the duty of 
 the members of the State Board of Examiners 
 
 First. To co-operate cheerfully with the division superin- 
 tendents, and to aid them in any manner possible, by advice or 
 otherwise, in improving school conditions in the various divisions 
 of the separate circuits. 
 
 Second. To assist the superintendents in institutes and teach ers' 
 meetings, in holding educational meetings, and in otherwise elicit- 
 ing the interest of the people in school conditions. 
 
 Third. To aid the superintendent of any division in procuring 
 the practical interest of local boards in lengthening school terms, 
 increasing the pay of teachers, and otherwise furthering ihe mate- 
 rial progress of the schools. 
 
145 
 
 Fourth. To advise the sup erinten dents with reference to lo- 
 cating school buildings and erecting the same in accordance with 
 approved plans. 
 
 8. Duties to trustees. It shall be the duty of the State Board 
 of Examiners 
 
 First. To hold conferences with trustees, individually and col- 
 lectively, and to procure their active interest and support in behalf 
 of district schools. 
 
 Second. To encourage such trustees to hold meetings of their 
 patrons in the interest of better school conditions. 
 
 Third. To give to trustees such advice and counsel as will en- 
 able them better to perform the duties of their office. 
 
 9. Duties to schools. It shall be the duty of the State Board 
 of Examiners 
 
 First. To visit in each division as many schools as possible, 
 to note carefully the work of the teachers, and to make to the 
 division superintendent such suggestions as may seem valuable in 
 improving school conditions. 
 
 Second. To offer advice as to improving and beautifying 
 school grounds and buildings in order to add to their comfort and 
 attractiveness. 
 
 Third. To visit especially each high school and use every effort 
 to bring these schools under the conditions prescribed by the 
 State Board of Education for public high schools in Virginia. 
 
 10. Duties to teachers. It shall be the duty of the State Board 
 oi Examiners to hold examinations, issue certificates, and prescribe 
 courses of reading under such rules and regulations as may be 
 adopted or approved by the State Board of Education. 
 
 EXAMINATIONS AND CERTIFICATES 
 
 11. Public notice of examinations. The State Board of Ex- 
 aminers shall fix the time for the examination of teachers, and 
 the division superintendents shall give public notice at least thirty 
 days prior to all regular examinations to be held in their respective 
 divisions. 
 
 12. Examination questions. They shall prepare the examina- 
 tion questions and send them under seal to the division superin- 
 tendents, and the examinations shall be held under such regulations 
 and safeguards as the State Board of Examiners may prescribe. 
 
 13. Applicants to fill up forms. At every examination held 
 
146 
 
 the division superintendent or his assistants shall furnish to every 
 applicant a copy of the forms prescribed by the State Board of 
 Examiners for recording the name, number, county, sex, age, color, 
 place of nativity, and post-office address of the applicant. Before 
 any examination questions are given out, the superintendent shall 
 require every applicant to fill up this form in full and return it to 
 the superintendent. 
 
 The superintendent or his assistant shall number the applicants 
 in consecutive order, beginning with number one. Care should 
 be exercised to see that no two applicants of like race have the 
 same number. 
 
 The papers shall be signed by each applicant to show county, 
 number and race for example: Surry, No. 7, white. The form 
 containing the names of applicants shall be retained by division 
 superintendents until the report of results of examination is made 
 by board of examiners by county, number and race. 
 
 When applicants from one division are examined in another 
 division the papers must be numbered and signed as coming from 
 the division in which the applicant is examined. Where appli- 
 cants take the examination at one of the summer institutes the 
 papers must be numbered as coming from the institute. 
 
 14. Disposition of papers. Within three days after the close 
 of the examination the superintendent shall forward the papers to 
 some point designated by the State Board of Examiners. These 
 examination papers shall be examined, valued and graded by the 
 State Board of Examiners acting together. The said examination 
 papers shall then be forwarded by freight to the department of 
 public instruction, where they shall be kept for twelve months and 
 then destroyed. As soon as possible after the close of the exami- 
 nation the State Board of Examiners shall issue directly to each 
 applicant a teacher's certificate or a notification of failure, and 
 transmit to the department of public instruction a duplicate list 
 of applicants, with the result of the examination of each. 
 
 15. Uniform examinations and subjects. Uniform examina- 
 tions shall be held annually, under the supervision of the division 
 superintendents, on days to be set by the State Board of Examiners, 
 on orthography (including punctuation), reading, writing, arith- 
 metic (including business forms), elementary algebra (through 
 quadratics), grammar, geography, history of the United States, 
 history of Virginia, civil government (including the government of 
 Virginia), drawing, theory and practice of teaching, physiology and 
 
147 
 
 hygiene, physical geography, elementary agriculture, general his- 
 tory, English history, and after January 1, 1913, manual training, 
 sewing, and cooking. 
 
 16. Certificates. Certificates issued by the State Board of Ex- 
 aminers on the uniform examinations shall state the branches upon 
 which the holders have been examined, and shall be graded ac- 
 cording to the ratio of answers of each applicant, and according to 
 other evidence of qualification appearing from the examination, 
 together with the information and knowledge of the applicant's 
 successful experience as a teacher, furnished by the division su- 
 perintendent. 
 
 '17. First grade certificate. (a) To obtain a first grade certifi- 
 cate, the applicant must be at least nineteen years old, must have 
 had nine months * successful experience in teaching, must make an 
 average of 85 per cent, on the following subjects : orthography (in- 
 cluding punctuation), reading, writing, arithmetic (including busi- 
 ness forms), elementary algebra (through quadratics), grammar, 
 geography, history of the United States, history of Virginia, civil 
 government (including the government of Virginia), drawing, theory 
 and practice of teaching, physiology and hygiene, one branch of 
 science (either physical geography or elementary agriculture), and 
 one division of history (either general or English), and must not 
 fall below 70 per cent, on any subject. 
 
 The first grade certificate will continue in force for a term of 
 five years, and may be renewed for a period not exceeding two 
 years upon evidence that the teacher has successfully taught for at 
 least three of the five years, and has completed such reading as 
 the State Board of Examiners may have prescribed. 
 
 (b) Applicants who make first grade average on the required 
 subjects, but who have not had the requisite experience, will be 
 issued a second grade certificate, which may be changed to a first 
 grade certificate after nine months of successful teaching. 
 
 (c) Without examination. Any teacher who held a first grade 
 certificate for six years immediately prior to July. 1907, and pre- 
 sents to the State Board of Examiners satisfactory evidence of suc- 
 cessful experience in the public schools of Virginia for the said 
 six years, accompanied by a recommendation from the superin- 
 tendent of the division in which he last taught, may be granted 
 a first grade certificate without further examination. The holders 
 of these certificates will not be required to take another examina- 
 tion for a first grade certificate so long as their work is endorsed 
 
148 
 
 by their superintendents as satisfactory and they pursue the reading- 
 course prescribed for each year. 
 
 (d) First grade certificates issued by division superintendents 
 finally expiring in 1910, or which previously expired, may be ex- 
 changed for new first grade certificates issued by the State Board 
 of Examiners, provided the holders pass the examination on the 
 added subjects for a new first grade certificate, which are ele- 
 mentary algebra through quadratics, general or English history, 
 and either physical geography or elementary agriculture. 
 
 (e) Teachers who have completed the certificate course at the 
 State normal schools for women will be issued first grade certifi- 
 cates, good for three years, and not renewable. 
 
 18. Second grade certificate. To obtain a second grade certi- 
 ficate, the applicant must be not less than eighteen years old, must 
 make an average of 75 per cent, on the following subjects: 
 orthography (including punctuation), reading, writing, arithmetic 
 (including business forms), grammar, geography, history of the 
 United States, history of Virginia, civil government (including the 
 government of Virginia), drawing, theory and practice of teach- 
 ing, physiology and hygiene, and must not fall below 60 per cent, 
 on any subject. 
 
 The second grade certificate will continue in force for a term 
 of two years, and may be renewed for a period of one year upon 
 evidence that the teacher has taught successfully for one of the two 
 years and has satisfactorily completed the reading course pre- 
 scribed by the State Board of Examiners. 
 
 19. Third grade certificate. To obtain a third grade certificate, 
 the applicant must be at least eighteen years old, must make an 
 average of 65 per cent, on orthography (including punctuation), 
 reading, writing, arithmetic (including business forms), grammar, 
 geography, history of the United States, history of Virginia, civil 
 government (including the government of Virginia), physiology 
 and hygiene, and must not fall below 50 per cent, on any subject. 
 
 The third grade certificate will continue in force for one year 
 and will not be renewable: and if a person holding a third grade 
 certificate shall not on a subsequent annual examination obtain a 
 higher grade certificate that person shall not be authorized to teach 
 in the public schools of the State. 
 
 No teacher holding a third grade certificate shall be elected to 
 any position if a teacher holding a first or second grade certificate 
 is available. 
 
149 
 
 20. Fourth grade certificate. A certificate, to be known as 
 fourth grade, good for two years and not subject to extension, may 
 be issued to negro applicants who make an average of 50 per cent, 
 on the subjects required for the present third grade and do not 
 fall below 40 per cent, on any subject. This certificate is designed 
 to encourage a better preparation on the part of negro applicants, 
 and will be continued only a reasonable number of years for them 
 to acquire this preparation. This certificate, like the third grade, 
 cannot be issued to the same applicant a second time. 
 
 21. Professional certificate. (a) A professional certificate will 
 be issued to any graduate in the normal course of the University 
 of Virginia, the State Female Normal School, Farmville; William 
 and Mary College; Harrisonburg, Fredericksburg and Radford Nor- 
 mal and Industrial Schools for Women, Virginia Normal and In- 
 dustrial Institute, and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Insti- 
 tute. This certificate shall continue in force for seven (7) years 
 and be renewable for a similar period from time to time on evi- 
 dence satisfactory to the board that the holder has not only been a 
 successful teacher, but has maintained the standard of a profes- 
 sional teacher in his work, and has satisfactorily completed the 
 reading course prescribed by the State Board of Examiners each 
 year after 1909. 
 
 (b) Teachers holding first grade certificates who complete the 
 professional course of study prescribed by the State Board of Ex- 
 aminers will be issued professional certificates. 
 
 (c) Teachers holding high school certificates will be permitted 
 to pursue the professional course of study and have their high 
 school certificates extended while taking the course, provided they 
 pass on at least two subjects each year. 
 
 22. Collegiate certificate. For regulations in regard to collegi- 
 ate certificates see regulations 101, 102, 103 and 104. 
 
 23. High school certificate. (a) A graduate of a public high 
 school having a four years' course of study approved by the State 
 Board of Examiners shall, upon application to the board, accom- 
 panied by endorsements as to character by the division superin- 
 tendent, receive a high school certificate, which shall be good for 
 one year, but not renewable. 
 
 (b) To the graduates of high schools other than Virginia 
 high schools, but of the same grade as the standard four-year high 
 school, the Board of Examiners may issue, after examination and 
 approval of the school, high school certificates good for one year. 
 
350 
 
 (c) High school certificates are not renewable, but will be 
 extended, provided the holders pursue the professional course of 
 study and pass successful examinations on at least two subjects 
 each year, or successfully pass on at least two courses in the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia Summer School, or one of like grade. 
 
 24. Requirements for teachers of higher branches. Persons de- 
 siring to teach in the public high schools or in the public schools 
 where the higher branches are to be taught shall be examined on 
 such higher branches as they may be required to teach : provided, 
 however, that graduates of colleges and universities of approved 
 standing shall be issued without further examination special cer- 
 tificates to teach in such schools the branches in which they have 
 graduated. 
 
 25. Normal training certificate. (a) Students who graduate 
 from a four-year high school, where the training class work is 
 based on three years of high school work and made a part of the 
 fourth year's work, shall receive training class certificates good 
 for three years, but not renewable. 
 
 (b) Students who graduate from a high school where the 
 training class work is based on two years of high school work 
 and made a part of the third year's work, shall receive training 
 class certificates good for two years, but not renewable. 
 
 These certificates entitle the holder to teach only in one and 
 two-room schools. 
 
 26. Special certificate. (a) A certificate known as a special 
 certificate may be granted to teachers engaged in departmental 
 work or in teaching special subjects, such as manual training, agri- 
 culture, nature study, domestic science, kindergarten, music, draw- 
 ing and primary methods. 
 
 This certificate will be good for five years and renewable for 
 a similar period from time to time on evidence satisfactory to the 
 State Board of Examiners that the holder has been a successful 
 teacher and pursued a satisfactory professional course of reading. 
 
 (b) Teachers who are applicants for special certificates will 
 be required to pass a satisfactory examination on the subjects pre- 
 scribed for a first grade certificate, or otherwise satisfy the State 
 Board of Examiners that they are proficient on the subjects re- 
 quired for a first grade certificate: provided, however, that the 
 examiner may make exception in the cases of applicants for special 
 certificates on music, drawing and domestic science. 
 
161 
 
 (c) Applicants who are graduates from the kindergarten de- 
 partments of the State normal schools or other recognized kinder- 
 garten training schools, and who furnish evidence of the required 
 scholarship, will be issued kindergarten certificates. 
 
 (d) A departmental certificate will be issued to any applicant 
 who has passed a successful examination for a first grade certi- 
 ficate and can furnish satisfactory evidence of sufficient special 
 study in the branch which the applicant is to teach. 
 
 27. Division of examinations. (a) Two examinations are held 
 each year, the spring examination the latter part. of April, and the 
 summer examination the latter part of July. Teachers may take 
 either of these examinations. Those teachers who take the spring 
 examination and fail will not be permitted to take the summer 
 examination unless -they in the meantime attend some State sum- 
 mer institute. Teachers who expect to attend a State summer 
 school for twenty days may take part of the spring examination, 
 and the remainder at the close of the summer school. 
 
 No certificate will be given on the part taken in the spring, 
 but the grades then made will be combined with those made in the 
 summer examination. 
 
 (b) If teachers holding certificates (emergency certificates not 
 counted) do not take the spring examination, but attend a State 
 summer institute for at least twenty (20) days, and pass on at 
 least one-half the subjects at the summer examination at the close 
 of the institutes, including arithmetic and grammar, they will be 
 given provisional certificates, good for one year, of such grade as 
 the averages warrant. The examination may be completed the fol- 
 lowing year, when a full certificate of the proper grade will be 
 issued, bearing the same date as the provisional certificate. No pro- 
 visional certificate will be issued to any one who does not hold a 
 certificate other than an emergency certificate. 
 
 (c) Teachers attending summer institutes who take a part of 
 the whole examination and make the required grades on one-half 
 the subjects 85 per cent, on each of seven subjects for first grade, 
 and 75 per cent, on each of six subjects for second grade will be 
 given provisional certificates, good for one year, and not renewable. 
 
 (d) When the course is divided only two examinations can be 
 combined, and one of these must be taken after a regular attendance 
 o2 at least twenty days at. one of the State summer institutes. 
 
 28. Recognition of certificates from other States. Certificates 
 issued by local superintendents in other States will not be recog- 
 
152 
 
 nized, but State certificates from States which recognize Virginia 
 certificates may be recognized by the Board of Examiners of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 29. Special examinations. The State Board of Examiners is 
 authorized to provide for special examinations for such applicants 
 as may be detained from the regular examinations by sickness duly 
 attested by a physician's certificate or by other causes deemed suf- 
 ficient by the State Board of Examiners. 
 
 30. Endorsement of certificates. The certificates issued by the 
 State Board of Examiners shall be valid in any school division when 
 endorsed by the superintendent thereof. 
 
 31. May refuse to endorse applicant's certificate. A superin- 
 tendent may, for sufficient reason, refuse to endorse the certificate 
 of the applicant : provided, that all such cases shall be reported to 
 the Superintendent of Public Instruction with a reason for such 
 action. 
 
 32. Certificates may be revoked. All certificates will be liable 
 to revocation by the division superintendent for cause, subject to 
 appeal to the State Board of Examiners, provided the appeal be 
 taken within thirty days from the revocation of the certificate. 
 
 33. Duplicate certificates. No duplicate certificate shall be 
 granted except on positive evidence that the loss of the original 
 was not due to negligence on the part of the person to whom it 
 was granted. 
 
 34. Status of existing certificates. Nothing in these regula- 
 tions is intended to disturb the status of any outstanding certificate 
 now in force in Virginia. 
 
 35. Courses of reading. The State Board of Examiners shall 
 prepare suitable courses of reading for teachers, and shall designate 
 what reading shall be required annually of all teachers. 
 
 36. Regulations and circulars. The State Board of Examiners 
 shall have authority to pass such regulations as may be necessary 
 to put into effect the prescribed system of examinations, and may 
 publish and distribute such circulars as may be needed when such 
 regulations and circulars shall have been approved by the State 
 Board of Education or the Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 37. Authority in holding examinations, issuing, extending and 
 renewing certificates. The State Board of Examiners has, subject 
 to the regulations of the State Board of Education, full authority in 
 the matter of holding examinations for teachers and in issuing, ex- 
 tending and renewing certificates. 
 
>o i 
 
 . 
 
 153 
 
 DIVISION SUPERINTENDENTS 
 
 38. Register of applicants for certificates. Every division su- 
 perintendent shall keep a register of all applicants for license to 
 teach in his division and shall enter therein the name, sex, age, 
 color, and post-office of every applicant, together with the results of 
 the examination as reported to him by the State Board of Ex- 
 aminers, and such other information as may be called for by the 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 39. Monthly reports. Every division superintendent shall 
 ake a monthly report to the Superintendent of Public Instruction,, 
 
 in form prescribed by him, which report shall be due at the office- 
 01 the department of public instruction on or before the fifteenth' 
 day of the month next succeeding that for which the report is made. 
 
 40. Penalty for delay of monthly report. Should the monthly 
 report of any division superintendent of schools, required to be 
 made by section thirty-nine of these regulations, fail to reach the 
 office of the department of public instruction on or before the time 
 prescribed in said section, such superintendent shall be liable to a 
 fine of one dollar for every day's delay, to be deducted from his 
 salary: provided, the whole amount of such fine shall not exceed 
 one month's salary of such superintendent, and the same shall be 
 imposed by the State Board of Education after notice to the party. 
 concerned. 
 
 41. To make reports. It shall be the duty of each division: 
 superintendent to observe such directions and regulations as the 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction may from time to time pre- 
 scribe; to make special reports to that officer whenever required; 
 and on or before the first day of September annually to make to 
 him a report for the year ending the thirtieth day of June pre- 
 ceding, in such form and containing all such particulars as shall be- 
 prescribed and called for; and to supplement this report by an ad- 
 visory report showing the school conditions in his division and 
 making such suggestions as seem to be for the good of the schools. 
 And until such annual report shall have been received at the office- 
 of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the division superin- 
 tendent shall not draw his August or subsequent instalments of 
 pay from the State treasury. A brief abstract of the said annual 
 report, unless the Superintendent of Public Instruction direct other- 
 wise, shall be furnished to every newspaper published in the county. 
 
154 
 
 42. Penalty for delay of annual report. Should the annual re- 
 port of any division superintendent of schools fail to reach the of- 
 fice of the department of public instruction on or before the first 
 day of September, such superintendent shall be liable to a fine of 
 'one dollar for every day's delay thereafter, to be deducted from 
 his salary: provided, the whole amount of such fine shall not ex- 
 ceed one-half of the superintendent's salary for three months, and 
 the same shall be imposed by the State Board of Education after 
 .notice to the party concerned. 
 
 43. Inspection of record and account boqjks. It shall be the 
 'duty of superintendents to inspect the record and account books of 
 district clerks from time to time during the year ; to see that .such 
 books are neatly and correctly kept ; to see that all school funds are 
 properly applied, and that the money set apart exclusively for the 
 pay of teachers is not used for any other purpose. 
 
 44. Reports from treasurers. Superintendents shall require 
 county treasurers to report to them on or before the tenth day of 
 December of each year, and thereafter at intervals of three months, 
 until their final settlement at the close of the fiscal year, the amount 
 of State school money received ; the number and amount of war- 
 rants on the State school fund presented for payment ; the num- 
 ber and amount paid by the treasurer; the balance of State funds 
 'on hand and to what districts due; the amount of county school 
 funds received and apportioned to the districts by the superinten- 
 dent ; the number and amount of warrants on the county fund pre- 
 sented for payment ; the num'ber and amount paid by the treasurer ; 
 the balance of county funds on hand and to what districts due; 
 the amount of district taxes collected for the respective districts, 
 with the number and amount of the warrants on the several dis- 
 tricts presented and paid, and the balance due the districts; also, 
 the amount of county school tax collected which has not been 
 apportioned to the several districts by the superintendent. 
 
 45. Apportionment scheme. Each superintendent shall pre- 
 pare annually, and at such other times as may be necessary, under 
 directions from the county school board, a scheme for apportion- 
 ing the State and county school funds among the school districts 
 within each county under his supervision ; a copy of which scheme 
 shall be furnished to the county treasurer and to the clerk of each 
 school district, and also to the editor of each newspaper published 
 within the countv. 
 
155 
 
 46. Apportionment of funds. Whenever the treasurer reports 
 county school money on hand, or the superintendent knows that 
 it should be, the superintendent shall immediately take steps to 
 have said fund apportioned to the several districts as provided by 
 section 1447, sub-division 3, of the Code of Virginia, and shall 
 notify the district clerks, in writing, of the amount apportioned 
 to their respective districts, as well as the amount of district tax 
 in the hands of the treasurer belonging to their districts. 
 
 47. Apportionment to be recorded. In the records required 
 to be kept, superintendents shall enter in full the scheme of each 
 apportionment of State and county school funds made to the sev- 
 eral districts of their respective counties, showing the amount and 
 date of said apportionments. 
 
 48. Supplying text-books. Superintendents shall see that effi- 
 cient arrangements are made whereby supplies of the text-books 
 prescribed for use in their respective divisions shall be brought 
 within easy reach of the children and sold at the prices fixed by 
 the State Board of Education ; and they shall give due public notice 
 of the titles and prices of the text-books and the mode of- obtaining 
 them in accordance with the regulations adopted by the State Board 
 of Education. 
 
 49. Distribution of reports, forms, etc. Superintendents shall 
 distribute promptly all reports, forms, laws, and regulations which 
 may be received from the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and 
 in accordance with his directions. 
 
 50. Enforce laws, regulations and decisions. Superinten- 
 dents shall explain the school system and give information about 
 it on all suitable occasions, and shall take care that all school laws 
 and regulations are strictly enforced and that the decisions of the 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, and of the State Board of 
 Education, upon controversies relating to the school laws of the 
 State, or to the regulations prescribed by the State Board of Edu- 
 cation, are complied with by the persons concerned. In case such 
 decisions are not complied with, the division superintendent shall 
 inform the Superintendent of Public Instruction thereof, and state 
 the circumstances connected therewith. 
 
 51. Penalty for failure to furnish information. Should any di- 
 ^.ision superintendent of schools fail to furnish by the time pre- 
 scribed by the department of public instruction such information 
 as may from time to time be called for by said department, by 
 letter, circular, or otherwise, he shall be liable to a fine of one 
 
156 
 
 dollar for every day's delay, to be deducted from the salary of 
 such superintendent: provided, the whole amount of such fine shall 
 not exceed one month's salary of such superintendent and the same 
 shall be imposed by the State Board of Education after notice to the 
 party concerned. 
 
 52. Secretary to report delinquent superintendents. The secre- 
 tary of the State Board of Education shall from time to time re- 
 port to the board the names of all superintendents upon whom 
 fines may be imposed for failure to comply with the requirements 
 of sections forty, forty- two and fifty-one of these regulations, and 
 shall promptly notify said superintendents of his action. 
 
 53 Organization of boards of trustees. It shall be the duty of 
 superintendents to assist in the organization of boards of district 
 school trustees, with the privilege of being present at all meetings 
 of such boards, and of participating in the discussions of questions 
 therein, but not of voting. 
 
 54. Reports from district clerks. Superintendents shall require 
 from clerks of boards of district school trustees annually, and 
 oftener if necessary, such detailed reports of the statistics touch- 
 ing the public free schools of their respective districts as the said 
 superintendent shall prescribe. 
 
 55. To hear appeals. In all cases not otherwise provided for, 
 an appeal may within ninety days be taken to the division super- 
 intendent concerning the acts of any person connected with the 
 school system of the action of any school board within his bounds, 
 by any teacher or school officer, or by five or more interested heads 
 of families who may feel themselves aggrieved, and from the divi- 
 sion superintendent of schools to the Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction, who, if he cannot satisfactorily adjust the same, shall, in 
 his discretion, grant an appeal to the State Board of Education, 
 and that board shall finally decide all questions at issue. 
 
 The application for such appeal, and all evidence in support 
 of or in opposition thereto shall be in writing: provided, that the 
 State Board of Education may, in its discretion, after an appeal is 
 granted to such board, hear oral testimony upon any issue pre- 
 sented by the appeal. But in all cases of appeal to the Superinten- 
 dent of Public Instruction all evidence must be reduced to writing. 
 
 56. To administer oaths, etc. Every superintendent shall ad- 
 minister oaths and take testimony in all matters relating to public 
 schools, whenever required, in cases pending or to come before him- 
 self or before the Superintendent of Public Instruction, or before 
 
157 
 
 the State Board of Education ; and he shall also administer the oath 
 of office to school trustees when called upon to do so. 
 
 57. Visitation of schools. It shall be the duty of every superin- 
 tendent to visit and inspect each school in his division at least once 
 during each session, and twice if the whole number of schools does 
 not exceed seventy-five, or to report in writing to the Superinten- 
 dent of Public Instruction a reasonable excuse for not doing so. 
 He shall inquire into all matters relating to their management, the 
 course of study and mode of instruction therein, their text-books 
 and discipline, the condition of the school-houses, sites, outbuild- 
 ings, and appendages, and in general into whatever concerns the 
 usefulness and perfection of the public free schools under his su- 
 pervision; to examine the records and official papers of the school 
 district, and teachers in relation to their duties, and to call especial 
 attention to any neglect or violations of any laws or regulations 
 pertaining thereto; and, when necessary, to take lawful measures 
 to abate nuisances or to condemn as unfit to be longer used any 
 school-houses the occupancy of which, for any reason, is likely to 
 endanger the health of the pupils. 
 
 58. County institutes, teachers, and so forth. It shall be the 
 duty of superintendents to promote the improvement and efficiency 
 of teachers by all suitable and proper methods, under directions 
 from the Superintendent of Public Instruction ; and to this end they 
 shall encourage and assist in the organization and management of 
 county institutes, of which at least one shall be held during each 
 school session, and they shall labor in every practicable way to 
 olevate the standard of teaching in the public schools and im- 
 prove their condition. It shall be the duty of the superintendents 
 to preside over these county institutes. They shall also endeavor 
 by all proper means to promote an appreciation and desire for 
 education among the people. 
 
 59. Provision for a patrons' day. The superintendents shall 
 require the principal of each school in his division to have a 
 patrons' day, to be held on the school premises during the school 
 term. On this day all patrons shall be invited and suitably enter- 
 tained by school exercises. Advantage shall be taken of this day 
 to give the patrons full information of the conditions and needs 
 of the schools. 
 
 60. To keep a record. Every superintendent shall keep in a 
 bound volume a record of his own official acts, and shall file 
 methodically all official papers. 
 
158 
 
 61. Trustees to act as division superintendent of schools. In 
 
 case of any vacancy in the office of division superintendent of 
 schools occurring when the State Board of Education is not in ses- 
 sion, the Superintendent of Public Instruction is authorized to 
 designate a school trustee of the division to serve as superinten- 
 dent until an appointment is made by the State board. 
 
 62. The division superintendent in cities shall have exclusive 
 authority to assign to their respective positions all teachers and 
 principals employed by the school board, and to reassign them at 
 his discretion: provided, that no change or reassignment shall ef- 
 fect the salary of any teacher. 
 
 TRUSTEES 
 
 63. Oaths of office. Every district school trustee, before en- 
 tering upon the duties of his office, and within thirty days after 
 notice of his appointment, shall take and subscribe the oaths pre- 
 scribed by sections one hundred and sixty-eight and one hundred 
 and sixty-nine of the Code of Virginia. As soon as the oaths shall 
 have been taken and subscribed before the division superintendent 
 of schools, or any other officer authorized to administer an oath, and 
 a minute of said qualification entered of record in the clerk's office 
 of the circuit or corporation court, in form prescribed by the Super- 
 intendent of Public Instruction, the form shall be returned to the 
 clerk of the school trustee electoral board. 
 
 64. Stated meetings. District school boards shall hold stated 
 meetings, the exact date of such meetings to be fixed by the boards. 
 Special meetings may be called by the chairman, or by the other 
 two members of the board, of which all the members shall have due 
 notice. 
 
 65. Power to elect and contract with teachers. District boards 
 of school trustees have full power to employ teachers, subject only 
 to the statutes regulating the eligibility of teachers and the board 
 of appeal provided for in sections one thousand four hundred and 
 fifty and one thousand four hundred and eighty-seven of the Code of 
 Virginia. In all cases teachers must be elected and contracted with 
 at a regular or called meeting of the board. 
 
 66. Contracts with teachers. District boards must enter into 
 written contracts with teachers before the teachers enter upon the 
 discharge of their duties; but said boards shall not enter into a 
 contract with any person to teach a public school until said per- 
 
159 
 
 son presents a certificate of as high grade as the school for which 
 he applies. 
 
 67. Penalty for failure. Should any district school board fail 
 to enter into written contract with any teacher employed in the 
 district, in form prescribed by the Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction, the members of such board thereby subject themselves 
 to a fine of not less than $5 nor more than $50 for each offense. 
 
 68. Report to superintendent. Boards of school trustees shall, 
 sented at the meeting, the board may either call another meeting 
 immediately upon contracting with a teacher, report the fact in 
 writing to the division superintendent, giving the teacher's name 
 and post-office, the number of the school he is to teach, and the 
 amount of salary agreed to be paid, in form prescribed by the Su- 
 perintendent of Public Instruction. This salary, if confirmed by 
 the division superintendent, shall not be increased or diminished 
 during the year without his written consent. 
 
 69. Election of teachers by patrons. While the district board 
 has full authority to employ teachers, the board may elect to sub- 
 mit the question of a teacher to the patrons of a school, in which 
 case the proceedings shall be governed by the following regula- 
 tions : 
 
 First. The board shall call a meeting of the patrons by due 
 proclamation and by posting a notice of the time and place of 
 meeting at least ten days before it is to be held on the front door 
 of the school-house and at three of the most prominent and con- 
 venient places in the district. At this meeting the chairman, or 
 some other member of the board, shall preside, if present; if no 
 member of the board be present, the meeting shall elect a chair- 
 man and also a secretary. 
 
 Second. The clerk of the district board shall provide the meet- 
 ing with a list of patrons of the school, which list shall embrace 
 the names of all those who pledge themselves to send their children 
 to said school for the current school year. 
 
 Third. The secretary of the meeting shall ascertain whether a 
 majority of the children are represented. If they are, the chair- 
 man shall declare the meeting organized and ready to proceed with 
 the election of a teacher for the school. 
 
 Fourth. The election shall be by ballot unless otherwise deter- 
 mined by the meeting. 
 
 Fifth. No teacher shall be eligible to be voted for unless he 
 presents to the meeting a certificate of qualification issued to him 
 according to law and in full force at the time of such meeting. 
 
160 
 
 Sixth. Before voting for a teacher, the patrons must pledge 
 themselves to support the one selected by the meeting. 
 
 Seventh. Immediately upon the adjournment of the meeting, 
 the secretary thereof shall report the proceedings to the chairman 
 of the district board, who, if a teacher has been elected, shall cause 
 & contract to be immediately given him by said board. 
 
 Eighth. In case a majority of the children were not repre- 
 or declare its determination to elect a teacher regardless of the 
 -action of the patrons; but if a majority of the children were repre- 
 sented at the meeting, then the board must be governed by its 
 action. 
 
 70. Length of daily session. The time of opening and closing 
 school shall be prescribed by the district board of school trustees, 
 subject to the approval of the division superintendent: provided, 
 that where an intermission of thirty minutes or more is given no 
 school shall open later than o'clock a. m., nor shall any school 
 be taught less than five hours each school day. The time of open- 
 ing and closing schools, with the intermission to be given, must be 
 specified in contracts made with teachers. 
 
 71. Board may close school. The board of school trustees of 
 any school district in which a public school has been closed for 
 sufficient cause before the expiration of period for which it was re- 
 quired by contract to continue, is hereby authorized, with the writ- 
 ten approval of the division superintendent, to pay the teacher of 
 every such school as much of his salary as may be due for the 
 time the school was taught. 
 
 72. Estimate of funds. At the March meeting every district 
 school board shall prepare an estimate showing the amount of 
 money which will be needed in the district during the next school 
 year for providing school-houses, furniture, apparatus, text-books 
 for indigent pupils, and all other lawful means and appliances need- 
 ful for the successful operation of the schools. Said estimate shall 
 be filed with the division superintendent, to be by him laid before 
 the county school board. 
 
 73. Disposition of school funds. The proceeds of State and 
 Bounty school funds must be used exclusively for the pay of teach- 
 ers. The district school fund arising from the district school tax 
 is under the control of the district school board, and shall be used 
 lor building and furnishing school-houses and defraying the con- 
 tingent expenses of the schools of the district. The district fund 
 should not be used for any other purpose until the district has 
 
161 
 
 been provided with comfortable, sightly, and well furnished school- 
 houses. 
 
 74. School holidays. At the annual meeting of the county 
 school board in August, district boards shall declare what days 
 shall be designated as holidays for the next school year, which 
 days shall be approved by the county school board and must be 
 the same throughout the county. The division superintendent, upon 
 the opening of the schools, shall notify teachers of the days so 
 fixed. 
 
 75. Report of school work. At the August meeting the several 
 boards shall prepare a detailed report, embracing a full state- 
 ment of all the school work done in -the respective districts for the 
 school year ending the thirtieth of June preceding, in such form 
 as may be prescribed by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 This report shall be delivered to the division superintendent on 
 or before the date fixed for the annual meeting of the county school 
 board. 
 
 76. Enforcement of laws and regulations. It is the duty of all 
 school officials to acquaint themselves with the school laws and 
 regulations, and to see that they are carried into execution; and 
 they are urged to tolerate nothing that might tend to impair the 
 public school system or in any way interfere with the efficiency of 
 the schools. 
 
 SCHOOL-HOUSES 
 
 77. Plans for school-houses. District school trustees should 
 exercise the greatest care in the selection of plans and sites for 
 school-houses, and shall see to it that these buildings are properly 
 constructed and furnished with the necessary conveniences and ap- 
 pliances in accordance with the provisions of section fifty-eight of 
 the school laws. No school-house shall be contracted for or erected 
 until the plans and specifications for the same, as well as the loca- 
 tion, shall have been examined and approved in writing by the di- 
 vision superintendent of schools, who likewise shall be governed by 
 the provisions of said section fifty-eight. 
 
 78. Care of school-houses, and so forth. It is the duty of the 
 district trustees to visit the schools in their respective districts 
 while they are in operation and to see that they are in proper con- 
 dition; to aid the teachers in maintaining discipline and in all 
 movements intended to improve the schools and promote educa- 
 
162 
 
 tion ; and in vacation to see that the houses are securely locked 
 and the school property carefully preserved. 
 
 79. Consolidation of schools. The statute law requires the 
 State Board of Education to guard by regulation against such a 
 multiplicity of schools as will cause a low grade of instruction in 
 them, or otherwise impair their efficiency. District school boards 
 are therefore urged, and it is their duty, to co-operate with division 
 superintendents in preventing the establishment and maintenance 
 of small ungraded rural schools, especially where such schools are 
 not ^absolutely necessary. Wherever it can be done, several small 
 schools should be combined into one good graded school, with two 
 or more teachers and a longer term. 
 
 SCHOOLS 
 
 80. Classification of schools. The public free school system 
 of Virginia under the control of the State Board of Education shall 
 consist of common schools and high schools. 
 
 81. Common school branches. In all the common schools, in- 
 cluding primary and grammar grades, the following subjects shall 
 be taught: orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, 
 geography, history of the United States, history of Virginia, physi- 
 ology and hygiene, drawing, and civil government ; and local school 
 boards may provide for the introduction of music, nature study, 
 manual training, and elementary agriculture into the schools. In 
 each school division a graded course of study, as uniform as prac- 
 ticable, and embracing all the required common school branches, 
 should be adopted for all the schools in that division. 
 
 82. High schools and higher branches. In the high schools 
 such studies shall be taught as are prescribed in the high school 
 course of study. 
 
 83. High, schools receiving State aid. The districts in which 
 liigh schools receiving State aid are located shall offer upon fair 
 and equitable terms the privileges of the high schools to all dis- 
 tricts of their respective counties which shall share jointly in the 
 support of the respective high schools, subject, however, -to the 
 general supervision and confirmation of the State Board of Educa- 
 tion. 
 
 84. Text-books, etc. The text-books used in the public schools 
 of Virginia, and all maps, charts, and other appliances used in 
 teaching the subjects named in regulations eighty and eighty-one, 
 
163 
 
 shall be selected from the list prescribed by the State Board of 
 Education, in accordance with the regulations devised by said 
 board. 
 
 85. Pupils to be supplied with proper books. School officers 
 and teachers shall require all children who apply for admission 
 into the public free schools to be provided with such books as have 
 been prescribed and duly selected under the regulations of the 
 State Board of Education, and no child shall be allowed to remain 
 in school unless he is provided with such books. 
 
 86. Text-book list. There shall be kept in every school-room a 
 copy of the list of text-books prescribed for use in that division, 
 with a copy of the regulations of the State Board of Education 
 concerning the same, that the pupils may be informed of the prices 
 of such books fixed by the said board. Division superintendents 
 shall see to it that a list of said books is furnished to each teacher 
 before the schools are opened. 
 
 87. School month. The school month shall consist of four 
 weeks of five school days each, and deduction shall be made from 
 the pay of teachers for every day they lose except such days as 
 shall have been declared holidays by district school boards. 
 
 88. Legal average attendance. An enrollment of at least 
 twenty pupils, with reasonable assurance of an average daily at- 
 tendance of that number, is required to constitute a public free 
 school; and no public school shall be established or continued until 
 this condition is complied with:' but boards of trustees, when 
 satisfied that there is not a sufficient number of children in any 
 school neighborhood to entitle them to a school under this section, 
 and that the geography of the district is such that no judicious re~ 
 arrangement of the several schools can be so made as to furnish 
 the minorities proper school facilities, may certify a statement of 
 the case, with a diagram of the section to be accommodated, to the 
 division superintendent, who shall forthwith visit the section in 
 question, and if he finds that the statements made are correct, and 
 that the neighboring schools are judiciously located and cannot 
 be so arranged as to furnish the minorities fair school facilities, he 
 may authorize the board of trustees to reduce the average attend- 
 ance of such school to fifteen. In cases where the average at- 
 tendance is reduced by reason of a factious spirit on the part of 
 one or a few people, or in consequence of the proper or necessary 
 exercise of discipline, prevalence of contagious diseases, or lack of 
 proper supply of text-books, the district board may continue such 
 
162 
 
 tion ; and in vacation to see that the houses are securely locked 
 and the school property carefully preserved. 
 
 79. Consolidation of schools. The statute law requires the 
 State Board of Education to guard by regulation against such a 
 multiplicity of schools as will cause a low grade of instruction in 
 them, or otherwise impair their efficiency. District school boards 
 are therefore urged, and it is their duty, to co-operate with division 
 superintendents in preventing the establishment and maintenance 
 of small ungraded rural schools, especially where such schools are 
 not absolutely necessary. Wherever it can be done, several small 
 schools should be combined into one good graded school, with two 
 or more teachers and a longer term. 
 
 SCHOOLS 
 
 80. Classification of schools. The public free school system 
 of Virginia under the control of the State Board of Education shall 
 consist of common schools and high schools. 
 
 81. Common school branches. In all the common schools, in- 
 cluding primary and grammar grades, the following subjects shall 
 be taught: orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, 
 geography, history of the United States, history of Virginia, physi- 
 ology and hygiene, drawing, and civil government ; and local school 
 boards may provide for the introduction of music, nature study, 
 manual training, and elementary agriculture into the schools. In 
 each school division a graded course of study, as uniform as prac- 
 ticable, and embracing all the required common school branches, 
 should be adopted for all the schools in that division. 
 
 82. High schools and higher branches. In the high schools 
 such studies shall be taught as are prescribed in the high school 
 course of study. 
 
 83. High, schools receiving State aid. The districts in which 
 high schools receiving State aid are located shall offer upon fair 
 and equitable terms the privileges of the high schools to all dis- 
 tricts of their respective counties which shall share jointly in the 
 support of the respective high schools, subject, however, -to the 
 general supervision and confirmation of the State Board of Educa- 
 tion. 
 
 84. Text-books, etc. The text-books used in the public schools 
 of Virginia, and all maps, charts, and other appliances used in 
 teaching the subjects named in regulations eighty and eighty-one, 
 
163 
 
 shall be selected from the list prescribed by the State Board of 
 Education, in accordance with the regulations devised by said 
 board. 
 
 85. Pupils to be supplied with proper books. School officers 
 and teachers shall require all childi^en who apply for admission 
 into the public free schools to be provided with such books as have 
 been prescribed and duly selected under the regulations of the 
 State Board of Education, and no child shall be allowed to remain 
 in school unless he is provided with such books. 
 
 86. Text-book list. There shall be kept in every school-room a 
 copy of the list of text-books prescribed for use in that division, 
 with a copy of the regulations of the State Board of Education 
 concerning the same, that the pupils may be informed of the prices 
 of such books fixed by the said board. Division superintendents 
 shall see to it that a list of said books is furnished to each teacher 
 before the schools are opened. 
 
 87. School month. The school month shall consist of four 
 weeks of five school days each, and deduction shall be made from 
 the pay of teachers for every day they lose except such days as 
 shall have been declared holidays by district school boards. 
 
 88. Legal average attendance. An enrollment of at least 
 twenty pupils, with reasonable assurance of an average daily at- 
 tendance of that number, is required to constitute a public free 
 school; and no public school shall be established or continued until 
 this condition is complied with :' but boards of trustees, when 
 satisfied that there is not a sufficient number of children in any 
 school neighborhood to entitle them to a school under this section, 
 and that the geography of the district is such that no judicious re- 
 arrangement of the several schools can be so made as to furnish 
 the minorities proper school facilities, may certify a statement of 
 the case, with a diagram of the section to be accommodated, to the 
 division superintendent, who shall forthwith visit the section in 
 question, and if he finds that the statements made are correct, and 
 that the neighboring schools are judiciously located and cannot 
 be so arranged as to furnish the minorities fair school facilities, he 
 may authorize the board of trustees to reduce the average attend- 
 ance of such school to fifteen. In cases where the average at- 
 tendance is reduced by reason of a factious spirit on the part of 
 one or a few people, or in consequence of the proper or necessary 
 exercise of discipline, prevalence of contagious diseases, or lack of 
 proper supply of text-books, the district board may continue such 
 
166 
 
 -scribe, to inflict reasonable penalties, and for a sufficient cause 
 they may suspend pupils from school until, the case is decided by 
 the district school trustees, which shall be with as little delay as 
 possible: provided, that in all such cases of suspension the teacher 
 .shall promptly report the facts in writing to the district school 
 board and to the parent or guardian of the pupil suspended. 
 
 97. Sundry duties of teachers. It is the duty of teachers to 
 improve themselves in the art of teaching by studying approved 
 books on the subjects they are to teach, by attending summer nor- 
 .mal schools, teachers' meetings and reading circles, and by mak- 
 ing themselves thoroughly acquainted with some of the best books 
 on pedagogy, school management, and the history of education, 
 and also by reading educational periodicals and pursuing such a 
 course of general reading as will best tend to increase their knowl- 
 edge and usefulness as teachers. 
 
 They should see that the school-houses are kept clean and 
 :made comfortable and attractive, and should encourage the pupils 
 to aid in this work. In case the school-house is in unsuitable con- 
 dition or necessary supplies are needed, the teacher should report 
 ^the facts at once to the clerk of the district school board or to the 
 jiearest trustee. 
 
 They should visit and establish cordial relations with the pa- 
 'trons of the schools and enlist their co-operation in every effort to 
 .improve school conditions. 
 
 They should exert themselves to establish school libraries and 
 to form local education associations and school improvement 
 leagues. 
 
 They should, in conjunction with the division superintendent 
 .-and the district trustees, make arrangements for holding suitable 
 public exercises on one day in every school year, to which all the 
 patrons and friends of the school shall be invited, the necessary 
 expenses for such exercises, unless otherwise provided, to be de- 
 frayed out of the district school fund by order of the district 
 school board. 
 
 Teachers must make monthly and term reports to the division 
 superintendent and such special reports as he may from time to 
 time require of them. 
 
 They must not, without the consent of the district school board, 
 engage substitutes; nor shall they, without such consent, close 
 their schools on regular school days during the term for which 
 
167 
 
 they have contracted to teach unless they are compelled to do so 
 by unavoidable circumstances. 
 
 98. Elections for public free school purposes. First. All elec- 
 tions held in any county or magisterial district or school district 
 of this State for public free school purposes shall be superintended, 
 conducted, and held under the law governing special elections gen- 
 erally as set forth in section 146 of the Code of Virginia that is 
 to say, they shall "be superintended and held, notice thereof given, 
 returns made and certified, votes canvassed, results ascertained 
 and made known,'' "certificates of election given by the same of- 
 ficers, under the same penalties, and subject to the same regulations 
 as prescribed for general elections, except so far as m ! ay be other- 
 wise provided" in all particulars in conformity with the re- 
 quirements and provisions of section 146 of said Code in regard 
 to all special elections : provided, however, that the writ of election 
 or order and notice of any election ordered by the board of super- 
 visors of any county to be held for any public free school purpose in 
 any county or district shall be posted by the sheriff of the county 
 at each voting place in the county or district in which such elec- 
 tion is to be held at least ten days before such election, in accord- 
 ance with the provisions of sections 101 and 115 of said Code, which 
 are hereby declared to be applicable to all such elections so far as 
 practicable. 
 
 Second. The sense of the voters in any county or district 01* 
 all matters which may be properly referred to said voters under 
 the provisions of the school law shall be taken and ascertained 
 in the manner prescribed in the preceding regulation whenever any 
 election shall be ordered for any school purpose in any county or 
 district by the board of supervisors of the county or other au- 
 thority empowered by law to order any such election. 
 
 99. The Superintendent of Public Instruction of Virginia, by 
 and with the advice of the attorney-general of this State, is author- 
 ized to take such steps and employ such attorneys and agents for 
 the collection of fines due the Commonwealth for the benefit of 
 the literary fund as may be deemed necessary, the said attorneys 
 and agents to be paid for their services out of actual collections 
 made in each individual case such compensation as may be agreed 
 on in writing: provided, that no such attorney or agent shall be 
 employed to enforce the collection of any fine which has been im- 
 posed during the term of office of any attorney for the Common- 
 wealth now in office in this State. When such collections are made, 
 
168 
 
 the net amounts thereof shall be turned into the treasury of the 
 State to the credit of the literary fund as provided by law, and the 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, by and with the advice and 
 co-operation of the attorney-general of this State, is authorized to 
 make such compromise, settlement and adjustment of said fines as 
 may be deemed right and proper and for the best interests of the 
 school funds of this State. 
 
 100. Definition of a university. The State Board of Education 
 will register as a university an institution (a), which requires for 
 admission the completion of the curriculum of a standard high school 
 with a four years' course, or in other terms, the completion of a 
 course equivalent to not less than fourteen five-hour units; (b), 
 which contains as a part of its organization a college of literature 
 and science as defined below; (c), which contains one or more pro- 
 fessional schools as parts of its organization, in each of which an 
 adequate professional course, based upon a preparation not less than 
 that represented by the completion of a standard four-year high 
 school course, is offered; (d), which contains a graduate school as 
 a part of its organization, in which adequate courses leading to the 
 degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy are offered. 
 
 101. Definition of a college. An institution to be registered as 
 a college must have at least six professors giving their full time to 
 college or university work, a course of four full years in liberal arts 
 and sciences, and must require for admission the completion of the 
 curriculum of a standard high school with a four years' course, or 
 in other terms, the completion of a course equivalent to at least 
 fourteen five-hour units in addition to the usual pre-academie or 
 grammar school studies. 
 
 102. Conditioned students. No college or university shall ad- 
 mit a student under twenty years of age to partial standing, as a 
 conditioned or irregular student, unless the student offers at least 
 ten five-hour units as defined above; and a student so admitted 
 shall absolve the units on which he is conditioned within two years 
 of the date of his registration by doing work which is not counted 
 towards any degree for which he may become a candidate by the 
 institution in which he is registered. 
 
 103. Special students. A student at least twenty years of age 
 may be admitted as a special student not candidate for a degree to 
 a university or college without satisfying in full the usual entrance 
 requirements (see sections 100, 101 and 102), provided that (1) he 
 is not admitted to classes for which entrance examinations are re- 
 
169 
 
 quired unless lie passes such examinations; and (2), that he gives 
 proof of adequate preparation o* the course sought. 
 
 104. University certificate. The holder of a degree from the 
 graduate school of a registered university shall be granted a twelve- 
 year certificate for teaching in the public schools of the State. This 
 certificate may be renewed from time to time for a similar period 
 upon evidence satisfactory to the State Board that the holder has- 
 been a successful teacher. 
 
 105. Collegiate certificate. The holder of a baccalaureate de- 
 gree from a registered college shall be granted a ten-year certificate 
 for teaching in the public schools of the State. This certificate may 
 be renewed from time to time for a similar period upon evidence 
 satisfactory to the State Board that the holder has been a success- 
 ful teacher. 
 
 106. Institutions ranking between the college and the standard 
 four-year high .school ; academic certificate. Institutions which do 
 not comply fully with the definition of a college, but which offer an 
 approved four-year course in literature and science, at least one 
 year in advance of the course of the standard four-year high school r 
 shall be classified and registered by the State Board of Education- 
 according to the number of years of high school work (or the num- 
 ber of five-hour units) required for admission. Each year of high 
 school work (equivalent to four five-hour units) required for ad- 
 mission shall add two years to the life of the teacher's certificate' 
 granted to the full graduate of one of these institutions. 
 
 These certificates shall be known as academic certificates, and* 
 shall be good for 9, 7, 5 or 3 years, according as the institution from 
 which the holder graduated requires 4, 3, 2 or 1 year of high school 
 work (or 14, 12, 8 or 4 five-hour units) for admission. These certi- 
 ficates shall not be renewable. 
 
 The regulation regarding special students shall apply to these 
 institutions also. 
 
 The regulation regarding conditioned students shall apply to 
 these institutions also, with the modification that no student shall 
 be conditioned on more than one-third of the five-hour units re- 
 quired by the institution for admission. 
 
 107. Units. The five-hour units mentioned above shall be the 
 units defined in the regulations regarding admission to the State 
 university. 
 
 108. Registration and inspection. No institution shall be reg- 
 istered as a university or a college, or as belonging to one of the 
 
170 
 
 classes of regulation 106, until it has been inspected by a rep- 
 resentative of the State Board of Education and the Board has 
 acted favorably upon the report of its representative. 
 
 As far as practicable, the institutions registered by the State 
 Board of Education shall be inspected annually by a representative 
 of the Board. Any institution registered by the Board, which has 
 clearly failed to comply with the regulations of the Board, shall 
 be removed from the list of registered institutions. The list of 
 registered institutions shall be published at least once a year the 
 universities, the colleges, and those ranking between the college 
 and the standard four-year high school being listed separately. 
 
 109. Professional elementary certificate. Two professional ele- 
 mentary certificates shall be issued by the State Board of Examiners : 
 the professional elementary certificate primary grades and the 
 professional elementary certificate grammar grades. These certi- 
 ficates shall be issued for a term *of seven years and shall be renew- 
 able for a similar period from time to time. Courses leading to 
 the professional elementary certificate will be offered in 1911 only 
 at the State Normal School at Farmville, the State Normal and In- 
 dustrial School at Harrisonburg, and at the University of Virginia 
 summer school, and in 1912 at the above named places and at the 
 State Normal School at Fredericksburg. 
 
 Entrance to the work leading to the professional elementary 
 certificate shall be restricted to those holding first grade certificates 
 or to those holding high school certificates who have had at least 
 six months actual teaching experience. In addition to the comple- 
 tion of the work outlined below leading to the professional elemen- 
 tary certificate, a first grade teacher must have had at least nine 
 months successful experience in primary or grammar school teach- 
 ing as certified to by his superintendent and principal before this 
 certificate can be issued. 
 
 Applicants for the professional elementary certificate must 
 make at least 75 per cent, on class standing and examination on 
 each subject outlined below. The work must be completed within 
 five years if taken in summer terms of four weeks, and in four years 
 if taken in summer terms of six weeks. 
 
 The course for the professional elementary certificate primary 
 grades, must cover the following: Principles of teaching, with spe- 
 cial emphasis on how to study, primary methods in reading, lan- 
 guage, arithmetic, physical geography, nature study, and home geo- 
 
171 
 
 graphy ; hygiene, music and games, primary industrial work, draw- 
 ing, and observation work or practice teaching. 
 
 The course leading to the professional elementary certificate 
 grammar grades, must cover the following : The principles of teach- 
 ing, including how to study, the methods of teaching arithmetic, 
 civics and history, geography, language, reading and literature; 
 hygiene, drawing, practice teaching or advanced observation; and 
 elementary agriculture and school gardening, or manual training or 
 domestic economy. Songs and games may also be taken at the 
 option of the student, but without credit. 
 
 Applicants for the professional elementary certificate (primary 
 grades or grammar grades) may take the work outlined above in 
 a term of at least one year in one of the State normal schools, or a 
 term of two sessions of six weeks each or three sessions of four 
 weeks each at the summer session of a State normal school, or any 
 other summer normal with an equivalent course in primary or gram- 
 mar school methods approved by the State Board of Examiners. 
 
 110. Old professional course. The regular State professional 
 course, Form X No. 27. as adopted in 1905, shall be gradually abol- 
 ished, as follows : The examinations on the work for the second and 
 third years of this course shall be given in 1911, and the examina- 
 tions for the work for the third year only in 1912, after which time 
 no further examinations on this professional coure shall be given. 
 
 No person holding a high school certificate shall be allowed to 
 begin the professional course until such person has had at least six 
 months of actual experience as a teacher. 
 
 111. Special certificate. Any teacher who attends the Univer- 
 sity summer school for two sessions of six weeks each and com- 
 pletes satisfactorily at least one course in educational psychology 
 and in addition three courses in any one subject in the university 
 department, shall be given a special certificate to teach the subject 
 in which she has specialized by taking three courses. 
 
 112. Summer school professional certificate. The requirements 
 for entrance to the work leading to the summer school professional 
 certificate shall be restricted to those holding first grade certi- 
 ficates or to those holding high school certificates who have had at 
 least six months of actual teaching experience. To procure this cer- 
 tificate an applicant shall be required to study at the University of 
 Virginia summer school or one of the same rank for at least two ses- 
 sions of six weeks each and shall make an average of 75 per cent, on 
 class work and examinations in six courses other than the elemen- 
 
172 
 
 tary school subjects. This certificate shall continue in force for 
 seven years and shall be subject to renewal for a similar period 
 from time to time upon the compliance by the holder with the re- 
 quirements made in this regard. 
 
 The six courses required shall include at least four different 
 subjects. One of the six courses shall be taken in the subject of 
 English and another shall be taken in education. The other four 
 courses shall be chosen from any of the following groups : Subjects 
 in industrial education, science, mathematics, history, education and 
 philosophy, language; provided, that not more than two courses 
 shall be chosen from any one group. 
 
 113. Number of class periods limited. The conductors of the 
 summer schools shall not allow any applicant for a certificate to 
 take more than six class periods of work per day during the sum- 
 mer school. 
 
 114. Instruction restricted to subject matter. The conductors 
 of the State summer schools shall confine the work in their respec- 
 tive schools to instruction in subject matter in the subjects required 
 for a first grade certificate. 
 
 115. Full normal professional certificate. A student complet- 
 ing the course leading to a full diploma in the normal schools at 
 Farmville, Harrisonburg, Radford and Fredericksburg will be given 
 a full normal professional certifiate good for ten (10) years, re- 
 newable for a similar period from time to time. 
 
 116. Summer school certificate; first grade for colored teach- 
 ers. A summer school certificate first grade good for five years 
 and renewable for a similar period from time to time, will be given 
 to colored teachers who complete satisfactorily the following pre- 
 scribed course of study at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural 
 Institute or at the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 The work for this certificate must be completed within a period 
 of five years, and the second grade certificates of those who take 
 this work will be renewed for one year from time to time if the 
 holders complete satisfactorily at least one-fourth of the prescribed 
 work. 
 
 Entrance to the work leading to the summer school certificate, 
 first grade, shall be restricted to those colored teachers who hold 
 second or higher grade certificates. The work required shall cover 
 at least three terms of four weeks each or two terms of six weeks 
 each in the institutions above named, and must occupy a minimum 
 
173 
 
 of 240 recitation periods of at least forty minutes. To obtain this 
 certificate a teacher must have had at least nine months successful 
 experience in teaching. 
 
 The course leading to the summer school certificate, first grade, 
 must cover the following : 
 
 Arithmetic Primary and grammar grades. 
 
 English Composition Including spelling, penmanship, punc- 
 tuation, grammar. 
 
 Geography Elementary and grammar grades. 
 
 Reading A method of teaching beginners. 
 
 Hygiene Private and public. 
 
 Civics With special reference to community life. 
 
 History American. 
 
 Agriculture. 
 
 Principles of teaching. 
 
 In addition to these, any three of the following: 
 
 Sewing, 
 
 Cooking, 
 
 Bench work, 
 
 Poultry raising, 
 
 Household handicrafts, including glazing, mending tinware, 
 whitewashing, chair caning and cobbling. 
 
 117. Medical inspectors of schools. The school boards of the 
 cities and counties may, in their discretion, select and appoint medi- 
 cal inspectors of school children, whose duties and compensation 
 shall be prescribed by the respective boards, and who shall report 
 to and be under the control of said boards. 
 
 118. First grade certificate in elementary course State Nor- 
 mal School. A student completing the elementary course at the 
 State Normal School for Women will be given a first grade cer- 
 tificate, good for three years, not renewable. If, however, the third 
 year of this course is omitted, the certificate is good for one year 
 only. (See regulation 17, subsection e, page 148) 
 
 119. First grade certificate ; how renewed. The holder of a full 
 first grade certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners will not 
 be required, when such certificate has expired, to pass an examina- 
 tion on the subject matter required for this certificate, but may 
 kave it renewed for a period of five years, from time to time, by giv- 
 ing evidence of successful experience during the life of the certifi- 
 cate, and by completing satisfactorily a certain amount of profes- 
 sional work which will be determined bv the board of examiners. 
 
174 
 
 120,. How contract with teachers executed. In all cases teach- 
 ers must be elected and the terms of the contract prescribed at a 
 meeting 1 of the board, and such contract shall be executed on behalf 
 of the board by the clerk unless the board shall designate some 
 other member thereof to execute the same. (See regulation 65, 
 page 158, and errata page 2) 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 1. State accountant. Paragraphs three, eight and nine of chap- 
 ter 156 of Acts of 1910 give the duties of the State Accountant as 
 follows : 
 
 3. It shall be the duty of the State Accountant, under the direc- 
 tion of the joint auditing committee, to devise a modern, effective 
 and uniform system of bookkeeping and accounting, comprehending: 
 
 (a) An efficient system of checks and balances between the offi- 
 cers at the seat of government and entrusted with the collection 
 and receipt, custody and disbursement of the revenues of the State. 
 
 (b) A system of accounting applicable to the offices of the 
 Auditor of Public Accounts, of the State Treasurer, of the Secretary 
 of the Commonwealth, the Corporation Commission, the Second 
 Auditor, the -Commissioner of Agriculture, the Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction, the State Highway Commission, Bureau of In- 
 surance, the Kegister of the Land Office, the State Library and all 
 other State offices now being or hereafter established at the seat of 
 government, the Board f Fisheries and the Board of Sinking Fund 
 Commissioners, which said system of accounting shall be suitable 
 to the needs of these several offices and boards, considering their 
 relation to each other and their relation to subordinate offices and 
 officials. 
 
 8. Said State Accountant, or his deputy, shall, from time to 
 time, inspect and scrutinize the accounts and vouchers of all State 
 officers set forth in sections three and four of this act. 
 
 9. Such inspection shall be made without notice to the officials 
 whose accounts are to be inspected, and it shall be the duty of the 
 official whose books and accounts and vouchers are being inspected 
 to produce such books, vouchers and accounts and give the State 
 Accountant, or his deputy, all necessary help and aid in making such 
 inspection. Should any official fail to perform the requirements of 
 this section he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Acts of 1910, 
 chapter 156, page 243) 
 
 2, State Normal and Industrial Schools for Women at Harrison- 
 burg and Fredericksburg. Each county and city in the State shall 
 be entitled to one pupil in each of said schools, who shall be nomi- 
 
176 
 
 nated by the division superintendent of schools, and if any vacancy 
 occur shall be filled by a like nomination, and each county and 
 city in the State shall be entitled to one additional pupil in each 
 school for each additional representative in the House of Delegates 
 above one, to be nominated in a similar manner: provided, that the 
 boards of trustees may increase the number of pupils, if they deem 
 it expedient, said pupils to be selected as above. The said pupils 
 so appointed shall be exempt from the charge of tuition. The 
 boards of trustees shall prescribe rules for the selection of said 
 pupils, their examination, and shall require of each pupil selected 
 satisfactory evidence of an intention to teach in the public schools 
 of this State for at least four years after leaving the said normal 
 schools. (Acts of 1908, chapter 284, page 428) 
 
 3. State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Radford. 
 Each county and city in the State shall be entitled to one pupil in 
 the said school, who shall be nominated by the division superin- 
 tendent of schools, and if any vacancy occur shall be filled by a 
 like nomination, and each county and city in the State shall be en- 
 titled to one additional pupil for each additional representative 
 in the House of Delegates above one, to be nominated in a similar 
 manner : provided, that the board of trustees may increase the num- 
 ber of pupils if they deem it expedient, said pupils to be selected 
 as above. The said pupils so appointed shall be exempt from the 
 charge of tuition. The board of trustees shall prescribe rules for 
 the selection of said pupils, their examination, and shall require of 
 each pupil selected satisfactory evidence of an intention to teach in 
 the public schools of this State for at least four years after leaving 
 said normal school. (Acts of 1910, chapter 120, page 176) 
 
INDEX 
 
 ADULTS 
 
 Admission of, into schools. See Pupils. 
 
 AGRICULTURE 
 
 Agricultural high schools to be used as centers of demonstration 
 
 farm work, section 89, sub-section 5 76 
 
 Departments of, in certain high schools, section 89 75 
 
 Elementary, may be taught in common schools, section 81 162 
 
 Functions and composition of United Agricultural Board, sec- 
 tion 168 129 
 
 Supervisors may appropriate money to promote, section 90 77 
 
 Section 169 133 
 
 ALCOHOL AND NARCOTICS 
 
 Effect to be taught, section 83 71 
 
 ANNUAL REPORTS 
 
 See the various boards and officers. 
 
 APPEALS 
 
 By five interested heads of families to division superintendent, 
 
 section 27 29 
 
 Regulation 55 156 
 
 By five interested heads of families to school trustee electoral 
 
 board, section 27 29 
 
 By non-resident tax-payer to county school board in matter of 
 
 tuition, section 92 78 
 
 By supervisors or five citizens in matter of approval of title to 
 
 real estate for school purposes by court or judge, section 54. . 41 
 
 By teacher or school officer, regulation 55 156 
 
 Evidence in writing for, etc., regulation 55 156 
 
 From division superintendent to Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion, regulation 1, sub-section 6 141 
 
 Regulation 55 156 
 
 From Superintendent of Public Instruction to State Board of 
 
 Education, section 7, sub-section 9 20 
 
 Regulation 1, sub-section 6 141 
 
 Regulation 55 156 
 
 In local matters generally to division superintendent, regulation 55 156 
 In matter of election of teacher, section 46, sub-section 2, regula- 
 tion 65 158 
 
 School trustee electoral board, permanent board of, section 23 27 
 
 To Board of Examiners if certificate revoked, regulation 32 152 
 
178 
 
 APPLICANTS FOR LICENSE TO TEACH 
 See Certificates and Examinations. 
 
 APPORTIONMENT OF SCHOOL FUNDS 
 See School Funds. 
 
 APPLIANCES 
 
 Selected by State Board of Education, section 8, sub-section 4.... 10 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 6 19 
 
 Regulation 84 162 
 
 APPROPRIATIONS 
 By City Council: 
 
 In lieu of school tax, section 178 136 
 
 By General Assembly: 
 For buildings, equipment and demonstration work in agricultural, 
 
 etc., high schools, section 89, sub-section 7 77 
 
 For departments of agriculture, etc., in high schools, sectiom 89, 
 
 sub-sections 6 and 7 76 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 For high schools, section 87, sub-section 4 74 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 For Laurel reformatory school, section 166, sub-section 3 12S 
 
 For libraries, section 141 114 
 
 For normal instruction in high schools, section 88, sub-section 1 . . 74 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 For loans to students at higher institutions of learning, section 142 117 
 
 For negro reformatory school, section 167 129 
 
 For salary and expenses Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
 
 section 141 114 
 
 For State school funds, section 126, sub-section 1 96 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 For summer normal schools, section 81, sub-section 2 70 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 For teachers' pensions, section 79, sub-section 3 66 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 For testing sight and hearing of pupils, section 99 
 
 For traveling school libraries, section 143 118 
 
 For work of United Agricultural Board, section 168, sub-section 4 131 
 By Supervisors: 
 For agricultural demonstration and experiment work, section 168, 
 
 sub-section 7 132 
 
 For agricultural high schools, section 90 
 
 To promote agriculture, section 169 133 
 
 District boards may make, to non-sectarian schools of manual, 
 
 industrial and technical training, section 47, sub-section 15.. 39 
 
 Generally, section 141 114 
 
 Not made to private schools, exception, section 17 11 
 
 ARBOR DAY 
 
 To be designated annually by Governor, section 133 102 
 
179 
 
 ATTORNEY-GENERAL 
 
 Duties of, in collecting and compromising fines, regulation 99 167 
 
 Examine bonds of Superintendent of Public Instruction and his 
 
 clerks, section 11 23 
 
 Member State Board of Education, section 6 9 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 AUDITOR, SECOND 
 See Second Auditor. 
 
 AUDITOR OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS 
 
 Approximate statement of State school funds by, on November 1st, 
 
 section 122 95 
 
 Authorized to grant relief to treasurers if State school warrant 
 
 lost, section 114 90 
 
 Distributive statement to, of apportionment of State school funds, 
 
 section 122 95 
 
 Must have land and property books ruled for ail local school 
 
 taxes, section 130 100 
 
 Section 140 114 
 
 Moist keep school taxes separate and distinct from all others, 
 
 section 140 114 
 
 Must publish statement of all receipts and disbursements by 
 
 county and city treasurers, section 118 91 
 
 Must report residue of State funds, if more than approximate 
 
 statement of November 1st, section 125 96 
 
 To issue warrants for State school funds to each county or city 
 
 treasurer, section 122 95 
 
 To pay over amounts going to literary fund in money, section 121 94 
 To turn over high school fund to Second Auditor on itemized 
 
 statement of Board of Education, section 87, sub-section 4.... 74 
 
 AVERAGE ATTENDANCE 
 
 Legal, minimum of 20, regulation 88 163 
 
 Of pupils does not effect pay of teacher, when, section 75 65 
 
 Effect of prevalence of contagious diseases, factional spirit, etc., 
 
 regulation 88 163 
 
 Relief of teacher from loss of pay on account of, when, section 76 66 
 Minimum may be fixed at 15 by division superintendent, when, 
 
 regulation 88 163 
 
 Minimum may be fixed at 10 by Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion, when, regulation 88 163 
 
 BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 See State Board of Education. 
 
 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS 
 
 Estimates of county school board to be submitted to, section 37, 
 
 sub-section 2 31 
 
 Section 126, sub-section 3 9 
 
180 
 
 Levy county and district taxes, section 3 7 
 
 Section 126, sub-section 3 96 
 
 Section 128, sub-section 2 100 
 
 Levy sub-district school tax, section 65, sub-section 17 57 
 
 May appeal from decision of court or judge in matter of title to 
 
 public school property, section 54 41 
 
 May appropriate money to assist in establishing agricultural 
 
 schools, section 90 77 
 
 May appropriate money to promote agriculture, section 169 133 
 
 May compel school children to be vaccinated, section 98 2 
 
 May devote part of dog tax to schools, section 126, sub-section 3. . 96 
 
 Section 132, sub-section 3 , 102 
 
 May supplement salary of division superintendent, section 16 26 
 
 Must confirm statement of school board before vote on bond issue, 
 
 section 64, sub-section 1 49 
 
 Must levy additional tax for principal and interest of bonds, 
 
 section 129 100 
 
 Powers and duties of, in cities of second class, section 173 134 
 
 Shall submit question of increasing local taxes to people, when, 
 
 section 126, sub-section 3 96 
 
 To provide for free vaccination of poor children, section 97 82 
 
 BOARDS OF VISITORS 
 
 How appointed, section 18 12 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, member of, section 13.... 24 
 
 BONDS 
 
 Bonded indebtedness of towns and cities limited, section 4 7 
 
 Elections for bond issue, how canvassed, certified and recorded, 
 
 section 64, sub-section 7 51 
 
 Election for bond issue, how ordered, conducted, and paid for, 
 
 section 64, sub-sections 5 and 6 50 
 
 For building and furnishing school-houses, section 64 49' 
 
 For loans from literary fund to build school-houses, section 63, 
 
 sub-section 4 47 
 
 General law does not repeal or amend special acts, section 64, 
 
 sub-section 10 52 
 
 How interest paid and sinking fund, section 64, sub-sevtion 9 52 
 
 Issue of, by towns to build school-houses, section 162 126 
 
 Lien on houses erected or procured to secure payment of, section 
 
 64, sub-section 2 50 
 
 Must be authorized by a majority of the qualified voters voting, 
 
 section 64, sub-section 1 49 
 
 Section 64, sub-section 4 50 
 
 Of officers of sub-district, section 65, sub-section 8 55 
 
 Of Superintendent of Public Instruction and his clerks, section 10 23 
 Possible lien on all school property of district, section 64, sub- 
 section 2 50 
 
 Proceeds of bond issue not to be used for other purpose than 
 erecting and furnishing school buildings, section 64, sub-sec- 
 tion 3 . 50 
 
181 
 
 Special tax to pay principal and interest, section 129. .. 100 
 
 State officers, and deputies, etc., to give, section 2 7 
 
 Section 10 23 
 
 Submitted to Attorney-General in case of Superintendent Public 
 
 Instruction, etc., section 11 24 
 
 Where filed in' case of Superintendent Public Instruction, etc., 
 
 section 12 24 
 
 Who may vote in elections for bond issue, section 64, sub-sec- 
 tion 8 52 
 
 CAPITATION TAX 
 
 See School Funds. 
 
 CENSUS OP DEAF AND BLIND 
 
 Section 42 35 
 
 CENSUS OF SCHOOL POPULATION 
 
 District school board to see to taking of, section 47, sub-section 5 37 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 7 138 
 
 Forms to be furnished by Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
 
 section 41 35 
 
 Open to inspection of any citizen, section 41 35 
 
 Pay of clerk for taking, section 41 35 
 
 To be delivered to division superintendent of schools, section 41 .. 35 
 
 To be submitted to district and county boards, section 41 35 
 
 To be taken by clerks and when, section 41 35 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 7 138 
 
 When boundaries of school districts are changed, section 43 35 
 
 CERTIFICATES 
 
 Academic, not renewable, regulation 106 169 
 
 Academic requirements for and life of, regulation 106 169 
 
 Accrediting and registering universities and colleges for, regula- 
 tion 108 169 
 
 Appeal to examiners if certificate revoked, regulation 32 152 
 
 By whom approved, section 74 65 
 
 Collegiate, life of and how renewed, regulation 105 169 
 
 Collegiate, requirements for, regulation 105 169 
 
 Conditioned students in a registered college or university, regula- 
 tion 101 168 
 
 Definition of a college, section 101 168 
 
 Definition of a university, regulation 100 168 
 
 Division of examination for first and second grade, regulation 27 151 
 
 Division superintendent may refuse to endorse, regulation 31.. 152 
 
 Duplicates, when not granted, regulation 33 152 
 
 Effect of attendance upon State summer institute in enabling 
 
 teachers to divide examinations, regulation 27 151 
 
 Effect of attendance upon summer school in extending high 
 
 school certificate, regulation 21, Bub-section b 149 
 
 Regulation 23, sub-section c 150 
 
182 
 
 Experience required to begin professional course, regulation 109. . 170 
 
 Regulation 110 . 171 
 
 Examiners have full authority in issuing, extending and renew- 
 ing, regulation 37 152 
 
 Examiners to issue, regulation 10 145 
 
 Extension of first grade, which expired in 1907, regulation 17, 
 
 sub-section c 147 
 
 First grade, how renewed without examination on subject matter, 
 
 regulation 119 173 
 
 First grade, life of and how renewed, regulation 17, sub-section a 147 
 First grade, new for old, by taking added subjects, regulation 17, 
 
 sub-section d 148 
 
 First grade, requirements for, etc., regulation 17, sub-section a 147 
 
 First grade, teachers holding may earn professional, regulation 21 149 
 First grade, temporary second grade in liou of, regulation 17, 
 
 sub-section b 147 
 
 First grade, to graduates of certificate course of State normal 
 
 schools, regulation 17, sub-section e 148 
 
 Regulation 118 173 
 
 First grade, without examination, requirements for, etc., regula- 
 tion 17, sub-section c 147 
 
 Fourth grade, to negro teachers, regulation 20 149 
 
 From other States, regulation 28 151 
 
 Full normal professional, regulation 115 172 
 
 High school, how extended, regulation 23, sub-section c 150 
 
 High school, requirements for, regulation 23 149 
 
 High school, to graduates of schools, regulation 26, sub-section b 149 
 
 How issued, section 74 65 
 
 Institutions between a college and a high school granted an 
 
 academic certificate, regulation 106 160 
 
 Issued directly to teachers, regulation 14 146 
 
 May be revoked by division superintendent, regulation 32 152 
 
 Must be endorsed by division superintendent, regulation 30 152 
 
 Normal training, entitles holder to teach only in one and two- 
 room schools, regulation 25 150 
 
 Normal training, issued to graduates in normal training depart- 
 ments of high schools, regulation 25 150 
 
 Old professional, to be abolished, regulation 110 171 
 
 Professional elementary, requirements for, life of and how re- 
 newed, regulation 109 170 
 
 Professional, elementary, two kinds, regulation 109 170 
 
 Professional requirements for life of and how renewed, regula- 
 tion 21 149 
 
 Professional, on various certificates and courses, regulation 21, 
 
 sub-sections a, b, and c 149 
 
 Provisional, requirements for, regulation 27 151 
 
 Registration of, and inspection of universities and colleges for, 
 
 regulation 108 169 
 
 Requirements for teachers of higher branches, regulation 24.... 150 
 
183 
 
 Second grade, life of and how renewed, regulation 18 148 
 
 Second grade, requirements for, regulation 18 148 
 
 Second grade, temporarily in lieu of first grade, regulation 17, 
 
 sub-section h 147 
 
 Special certificate to teacher who attends University summer 
 
 school, regulation 111 171 
 
 Special examinations for, when, regulation 29 152 
 
 Special students in a registered college or university, regula- 
 tion 103 169 
 
 Special, to teachers of manual training, music, etc., regulation 26 150 
 
 Status of existing, regulation 34 152 
 
 State branches and how graded, regulation 16 147 
 
 Summer school first grade, for colored teachers, regulation 116.. 172 
 Summer school professional certificate, requirements for, life of, 
 
 and how renewed, regulation 112 171 
 
 Teachers must hold, section 74 65 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 3 137 
 
 Third grade, holder of must make higiher certificate on next 
 
 examination, regulation 19 148 
 
 Third grade, holder of not to be elected if holder of first or 
 
 second grade available, regulation 19 148 
 
 Third grade, holder of may take one-half of examination, when, 
 
 regulation 19, sub-section b , 151 
 
 Third grade, not renewed, regulation 19 148 
 
 Third grade, requirements for, regulation 19 148 
 
 Units, how defined, regulation 107 169 
 
 University certificate, requirements for, life of, and how renewed, 
 
 regulation 104 169 
 
 CIRCUIT COURT OR JUDGE 
 
 Appoint one member of school trustee electoral board, section 20 26 
 Court to order special elections for bond issues, section 64, sub- 
 section 5 50 
 
 Duties of, under compulsory education law, section 95 79 
 
 May make order for sale or exchange of school property, section 38 33 
 Must approve title to real estate acquired by school boards; 
 
 appeal, etc., section 54 41 
 
 Must instruct grand jury against discounting school warrants by 
 
 county, district or school officers, etc., section 66, sub-section 3 62 
 Must instruct grand jury to inquire if county superintendent has 
 furnished bounds of school district to railways, etc., section 
 
 139, sub-section h Ill 
 
 Section 139, sub-section 1 113 
 
 Must instruct grand jury to inquire if school boards have made 
 
 and posted their annual statements, section 127 98 
 
 Power to remove county, city and district officers, section 70.... 63 
 Treasurer must exhibit cash for school funds before, section 113. . 90 
 
 CIRCUITS OF STATE BOARD OF EXAMINERS 
 
 Counties included in each, regulation 2 143 
 
184 
 
 CITIES 
 
 Bonded indebtedness of, limited, section 4 7 
 
 Council of, to provide for free vaccination of poor children, sec- 
 tion 98 82 
 
 Each ward a school district, section 172 134 
 
 Efficient school system to be maintained in, section 170 133 
 
 Section 183 136 
 
 How classified, section 171 133 
 
 How division superintendent of, paid, sections 16 and 17 26 
 
 Section 181 136 
 
 How State school fund apportioned to, section 180 136 
 
 Non-resident pupils, how admitted, section 92, sub-section 1 78 
 
 Number and boundaries of districts to be reported to Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction and recorded in his office and 
 
 in office of clerk of court, section 172 134 
 
 Of second class, as school districts, section 173 134 
 
 Subject to school law for counties, unless otherwise provided, 
 
 section 170 133 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 15 139 
 
 Title to school property may vest in, section 174 135 
 
 CITY COUNCIL 
 
 Appoints trustees, section 177 135 
 
 City school board to submit estimates to, section 178 136 
 
 Levy school tax or make an appropriation, section 178 136 
 
 May compel school children to be vaccinated, section 98 82 
 
 May supplement salary of division superintendent, section 16.. 26 
 
 Member of, may not be division superintendent, section 176 135 
 
 No member or officer of, may be school trustee, section 183 136 
 
 CITY SCHOOL BOARD 
 
 A corporation ; title, section 174 135 
 
 Call meetings of the people of the city, section 183, sub-section 9 138 
 
 Clerk, how appointed and duties, section 175 135 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 15 139 
 
 Care for, manage and control school property, section 183, sub- 
 section 10 138 
 
 Decide what children are indigent, section 183, sub-section 5 137 
 
 Determine studies, methods, government of schools, section 183, 
 
 sub-section 2 137 
 
 Duties in regard to libraries, section 144 ^ 119 
 
 Employ and dismiss teachers, section 183, sub-section 3 137 
 
 Establish high and normal schools, etc., section 183, sub-section 6 137 
 Examine, approve and pay claims, section 183, sub-section 13.... 138 
 Explain, enforce and observe school laws, section 183, sub-sec- 
 tion 1 136 
 
 Glebe land, etc., may vest in and be managed by, section 118. ... 93 
 
 Section 119 94 
 
 Has power to prescribe number and boundaries of districts, sec- 
 tion 172 134 
 
185 
 
 Its territorial jurisdiction, section 175 135 
 
 Make rules for government of schools and conduct of children 
 going to and returning from school, section 183, sub-sec- 
 tion 1 136 
 
 Manage and control school funds, section 183, sub-section 12.... 138 
 
 May appoint medical inspectors of schools, regulation 117 173 
 
 May condemn land, section 183, sub-section 15 139 
 
 May fix tuition of adults, regulation 91 164 
 
 May lease, purchase or build houses, section 183, sub-section 10 . . 138 
 
 May make by-laws and regulations, section 175 135 
 
 May petition for sale or exchange of school property, section 38 .. 33 
 May prescribe rules for admission of non-resident pupils, section 
 
 92.. sub-section 1 78 
 
 May not conduct school in house condemned by division superin- 
 tendent, section 183, sub-section 10 138 
 
 May not employ or pay as teacher, brother, sister, wife, son or 
 daughter of any member of the board, section 183, sub-sec- 
 tion 3 137 
 
 May not employ or pay teacher who does not hold certificate, 
 
 section 183, sub-section 3 " 137 
 
 May supplement salary of division superintendent, section 16.... 26 
 May suspend operations of law for vaccination of pupils, sec- 
 tion 97 82 
 
 May suspend or expel pupils, section 183, sub-section 4 137 
 
 May take and manage property coming by gift, grant or devise, 
 
 as county or district board, section 183, sub-section 15 139 
 
 Must not build school-house until plans, etc., approved in writing 
 
 by division superintendent, section 183, sub-section 10 138 
 
 Must submit estimates of funds needed to council, section 179.. 136 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 14 139 
 
 On failure of treasurer to give division superintendent state- 
 ment, after failure to pay warrant, may have funds trans- 
 ferred to special depositary, section 117 92 
 
 On failure of treasurer to pay warrant, duty to furnish division 
 superintendent complete statement of school funds, section 
 
 117, sub-section 1 92 
 
 On failure of treasurer to pay warrant, having funds, may have 
 
 all transferred to special depositary, section 117 92 
 
 Perform duties prescribed by State Board of Education, section 
 
 183, sub-section 15 139 
 
 Powers and duties of, section 183 136 
 
 Powers of, section 174 135 
 
 Section 183 136 
 
 Provide books for indigent children, section 183, sub-section 5.. 137 
 Provide school-houses and furniture, section 183, sub-section 10.. 138 
 
 Quorum, section 175 
 
 Record of approval of claims, kept by, section 183, sub-section 13 
 Regular and special meetings held by, section 183, sub-section 8 138 
 Request council to make levy or appropriation, section 183, sub- 
 section 14 18f 
 
186 
 
 School affairs in cities administered by, section 170 133 
 
 School law for county and district boards applies to, unless other- 
 wise provided, section 170 133 
 
 Select State students of V. P. I., section 155 . . 123 
 
 Shall see that census is taken, section 183, sub-section 7 138 
 
 State school funds disbursed on order of, section 180 136 
 
 State students to Virginia Polytechnic Institute, appointed by, 
 
 section 155 123 
 
 Title to school property vests in; exception, section 174 135 
 
 Trustees of several districts no organization or duties except 
 
 those assigned by, section 174 135 
 
 Visit schools, section 183, sub-section li 138 
 
 Warrants of, how drawn, section 183, sub-section 13 138 
 
 CITY TREASURER 
 
 Compensation and commissions, section 102 84 
 
 Sections 105 and 106 86 
 
 How State school funds kept and disbursed by, section 180 136 
 
 Ineligible to office of division superintendent, section 176 135 
 
 Must furnish Auditor with annual statement of all receipts and . 
 
 disbursements for publication, section 116 91 
 
 Must keep school taxes separate and distinct, section 140 114 
 
 Must specify school taxes on tax bills, section 140 114 
 
 On failure to give division superintendent statement, after fail- 
 ure to pay warrant, city board may have school funds trans- 
 ferred, section 117 92 
 
 On failure to pay warrant, having funds, city board may have 
 
 funds transferred to special depositary, section 117 92 
 
 Recovery, penalty and procedure, if warrant in favor of deposi- 
 tary not paid, section 117, sub-section 7 93 
 
 Relief of, if Auditor's school warrant lost, section 114 90 
 
 School law for county treasurer applies to, unless otherwise pro- 
 vided, section 170 133 
 
 Shall pay warrants on State school tax fund out of any State 
 
 funds received by him, section 123 96 
 
 State school funds paid to, in cash, section 19 26 
 
 Section 122 95 
 
 See County Treasurer. 
 
 CLERK OF COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD 
 
 Duty of, to enter fine against treasurer or clerk, when, section 
 
 109 4 88 
 
 See County School Board. 
 
 CLERK OF CITY SCHOOL BOARD 
 
 Appointment of, section 175 135 
 
 Discharges same duties in general as district clerks, section 183, 
 
 sub-section 15 139 
 
 Duties of, under compulsory education law, section 95 79 
 
187 
 
 CLERK OF DISTRICT BOARD 
 
 Annual report to, and exhibition of books and papers before, 
 
 county school board, section 108 88 
 
 Appointment of, section 40 34 
 
 Clerk of city school board has same duties, section 183, sub-sec- 
 tion 15 139 
 
 County school board may remit fine against, when, section 109 88 
 
 Division superintendent to inspect books of, regulation 43 154 
 
 Duties of, sections 45 and 46 36 
 
 Duties of, in regard to deducting money for teachers' pensions, 
 
 section 79, sub-section 4 67 
 
 Duties of, under compulsory education law, section 95 79 
 
 Execute contracts with teachers , when, regulation 120 173 
 
 How census taken by, when district lies in more than one county, 
 
 section 44 36 
 
 Keep separate statistics concerning adults, regulation 93 165 
 
 Keep records, cash accounts, etc., section 45 36 
 
 Keep separate record of permits and tuition of persons between 
 
 20 and 25, regulation 93 165, 
 
 Must see that annual statement of county school board is posted, 
 
 section 127 9& 
 
 Notified of amount of district tax, etc., regulation 46 155 
 
 Pay tuition fees to treasurer, regulation 93 165 
 
 Pay of, section 45 38 
 
 Penalty for failure to lay books and papers before county board, 
 
 section 109 88 
 
 Records of, open to inspection, section 45 36 
 
 Records of, subject to periodical examination, section 45 3$ 
 
 Register must be delivered to, by teachers, section 77 65 
 
 Regulation 95 165 
 
 Scheme of appointment to be furnished to, regulation 45 154 
 
 Take census of deaf and blind, section 42 35 
 
 Take census and pay for same, section 41 35 
 
 CLERK SCHOOL TRUSTEE ELECTORAL BOARD 
 See School Trustee Electoral Board. 
 
 CLERK OF SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 
 See Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 CODE OF VIRGINIA 
 
 What chapters 66 and 67 include, respectively, note to section 170 133 
 
 COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY 
 
 Loans to State students in, section 142 117 
 
 Member of faculty eligible to position on State Board of Educa- 
 tion, section 6 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 President or chairman to make annual report to Superintendent of 
 
 Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
J88 
 
 Professional certificates to graduates of, regulation 21 14i> 
 
 State students, how selected, expenses, etc., section 150 121 
 
 State students of, must teach two years in public schools of Vir- 
 ginia, section 150 121 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction member of board of, section 
 
 13 24 
 
 COLORED PERSON 
 
 Defined, section 93 78 
 
 Separate schools for, section 91 77 
 
 See Certificates. 
 
 COMMISSIONER OF ACCOUNTS 
 
 Settles accounts of school boards when funds donated, etc., sec- 
 tion 53 40 
 
 COMMISSIONER OF REVENUE 
 
 Duty of, as to assessment of school taxes, section 131 101 
 
 COMMONWEALTH'S ATTORNEY. 
 
 Act for county school board, section 39 34 
 
 Duty to enter suit for penalties and forfeitures, section 69 63 
 
 Member school trustee electoral board, section 20 26 
 
 Treasurer must exhibit cash for school funds before, section 
 
 113 ; 9 
 
 COMPULSORY EDUCATION 
 
 Applies in any county, city, town, or magisterial district when 
 
 majority of qualified voters so direct, section 95, sub-section 2 79 
 Applies to children between eight and ten years, section 95, 
 
 sub-section 1 79 
 
 Duty of district clerk to prosecute all offences against law pro- 
 viding for fee, section 95, sub-sections 6 and 8 81 
 
 Effect of attendance upon half time or night school, section 95, sub- 
 section 7 
 
 Election for, only once in two years, section 95, sub-section 2.... 79 
 
 Form of ballot in election for, section 95, sub-section 3 80 
 
 May be provided for, section 14 11 
 
 Penalty for violation of law concerning, and how collected, sec- 
 tion 95, sub-section 5 
 
 Provided for in certain cases, section 95 79 
 
 School board required to ascertain the condition of children twice 
 
 yearly in districts having, section 95, sub-section 4 81 
 
 When submitted to vote of the people, section 95, sub-section 2.. 79 
 
 CONDEMNATION OF LAND FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES 
 
 Power of district board as to, section 55 
 
 Section 56 42 
 
 Power of city board as to, section 183, sub-section 15 139 
 
189 
 
 CONSOLIDATION OF SCHOOLS 
 
 Provided for, section 86 72 
 
 Urged upon division superintendents and school boards, regula- 
 tion 79 162 
 
 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 Pupils suffering with, to be excluded, section 97 82 
 
 CONTRACTS .WITH TEACHERS 
 
 Form of, to be prescribed by Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion, section 78 66 
 
 How executed, regulation 120. . 173 
 
 Must be signed in duplicate, section 78 66 
 
 Shall provide for deduction for pension, section 79, sub-section 4 67 
 
 Terms of, prescribed at meeting of board, regulation 65 158 
 
 Written contracts obligatory, section 78 66 
 
 Regulation 66 158 
 
 CORPORATION OR HUSTINGS COURT OR JUDGE 
 
 Boundaries of school districts to be recorded in clerk's office of, 
 
 section 172 134 
 
 May make order for sale or exchange of school property, section 
 
 38 33 
 
 Must instruct grand jury against discounting school warrants by 
 
 county, district or school officers, etc., section 66, sub-section 3 62 
 Power to remove county, city and district officers, section, 70 .... 63 
 Trustees in cities qualify before, section 183 136 
 
 COUNTY INSTITUTES 
 
 Division superintendent to promote, etc., regulation 58 . . '. 157 
 
 COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD 
 
 A corporation ; title, section 31 30 
 
 Appoint State students to Virginia Polytechnic Institute, section 
 
 155 123 
 
 Annual meeting of, section 35 30 
 
 Annual report of, section 36 31 
 
 Annual settlement with, reports from, and inspection of books and 
 
 papers of county treasurers and clerks of district boards, 
 
 section 108 
 
 Appeal to, by non-resident taxpayer in matter of tuition, section 92 78 
 Apportions county school fund, section 37, sub-section 3 31 
 
 Regulation 45 154 
 
 Authority over sub-district, section 65, sub-section 2 
 
 By-laws and regulations of, section 34 
 
 Clerk of, and his compensation, section 34 
 
 Commonwealth's attorney to appear for, section 39 
 
 Direct apportionment of State school funds, etc., regulation 45 154 
 Duties of, in apportioning funds when district in more than one 
 
 county, section 44 3 ^ 
 
190 
 
 Estimates of district boards to be submitted to, section 37, sub- 
 section 2 31 
 
 Regulation 72 160 
 
 Examine into management of trusts for purposes of common 
 
 school education, section 37, sub-section 4 31 
 
 Expenses of, how paid, section 34 30 
 
 Glebe lands, etc., may vest in and be managed by, section 118.. 93 
 Section 119 94 
 
 How constituted, section 31 30 
 
 Impose fine on treasurer if he fails to report, etc., section 107.. 87 
 Section 109 88 
 
 Invest and manage property vested in or controlled by, section 
 
 37, sub-section 4 31 
 
 Section 100 84 
 
 Make provision for fulfilment of purposes of donation to district 
 
 in case boundaries are changed, section 53 40 
 
 May apply funds for investment to erection of school-houses, when, 
 
 section 37, sub-section 4 31 
 
 May apply profits of invested funds to erection of school-houses or 
 purchase of apparatus, section 37, sub-section 4 31 
 
 May apply to State Board of Education for relief from sub-dis- 
 trict law, section 65, sub-section 21 61 
 
 May appoint medical inspectors of schools, regulation 117. ....... 173 
 
 May charge for instruction in high school branches, section 
 
 84 72 
 
 May employ counsel, section 37, sub-section 4 31 
 
 May encourage meetings of teachers, section 81, sub-section 1 . . 70 
 
 May establish high schools or provide for instruction in higher 
 
 branches, section 84 72 
 
 May file petition for sale or exchange of school property, sec- 
 tion 38 33 
 
 May loan not exceeding $1,000 to school districts for building 
 
 school-houses, section 62 46 
 
 May order district board to pay expenses of trustees, section 
 
 37, sub-section 1 31 
 
 May petition board of supervisors to submit question of school 
 
 levy to people, section 126, sub-section 3 96 
 
 May remit fine of delinquent clerks and treasurers, when, section 
 
 109 88 
 
 May supplement salary of division superintendent, section 16 .... 26 
 
 May suspend operation of law requiring vaccination, section 97 . . 
 
 Meetings of, how called, section 33 30 
 
 Must cause all warrants paid by treasurer to be properly cancelled, 
 
 section 108 88 
 
 Must enter fine against treasurers and clerks who fail to submit 
 
 books, etc., section 109 88 
 
 Must have title approved by court or judge when they purchase 
 
 real estate, section 54 41 
 
 Section 56 42 
 
191 
 
 Must make minute of and take proper action on account of irregu- 
 larities in annual settlements with treasurers and clerks, 
 
 section 108 88 
 
 Officers of, section 32 32 
 
 On failure of treasurer to give statement to division superinten- 
 dent, after failure to pay warrant, may order school funds 
 
 transferred, section 117 92 
 
 On failure of treasurer to pay warrant, having funds, may have 
 
 school funds transferred to special depositary, section 117 . . 92 
 
 Powers and duties of, section 37 31 
 
 Powers of, section 31 30 
 
 Powers of, do not affect will of Samuel Miller, section 37, sub- 
 section 4 31 
 
 Prepare and file statement of expenses for next scholastic year, 
 
 section 37, sub-section 2 31 
 
 Section 126, sub-section 3 96 
 
 ' Proceed against treasurers, district boards and trustees, trustees 
 
 of school funds, etc., to compel settlements, section 39 34 
 
 Property vested in and managed by, section 37, sub-section 4 31 
 
 Select State students of V. P. I., section 155 123 
 
 Shall audit warrants, etc., and report on same, section 124 96 
 
 Shall publish annual statement; penalty for failure to do so, sec- 
 tion 127 98 
 
 Sub-district law effective only when adopted by, section 65, sub- 
 section 21 61 
 
 COUNTY SCHOOL FUNDS 
 
 Collected, etc., by county treasurer, section 100 84 
 
 Embracing what, section 126, sub-section 2 96 
 
 How apportioned, section 37, sub-section 3 31 
 
 Regulation 45 154 
 
 Money recovered for, when paid to unlicensed teacher or certain 
 
 relatives of trustees, section 47, sub-section 2 
 
 Unexpended, how treated, section 110 
 
 See School Funds. 
 
 COUNTY TREASURER 
 
 Annual report to, and exhibition books and papers before county 
 
 school board, section 108 
 
 Any irregularity in acts of, to be noted in minutes of county 
 
 school board, section 108 
 
 Collect, disburse and invest funds controlled by county or district 
 
 school board, section 100 
 
 Commissions on local levies, section 102 
 
 Sections 105 and 106 
 
 Commissions on State funds, section 102 
 
 Compensation of, sections 100, 101 and 102 
 
 Sections 105 and 106 
 
 County school board may remit fine against, when, section 109 . . 88 
 
192 
 
 Deliver cancelled warrants to division superintendent of schools, 
 
 section 108 88 
 
 Duties of, in city of second class, section 173 134 
 
 Fine to be deducted from pay of, section 109 88 
 
 How penalties and forfeitures against, sued for, section 69 63 
 
 In computing commissions county and school moneys to be 
 
 treated as one sum, section 102 84 
 
 Keep separate records of tuition of pupils between twenty and 
 
 twenty-five, regulation 93 165 
 
 Keep State high school fund separate, and report on same to 
 
 division superintendent of schools, section 87, sub-section 3.. 73 
 May be required to pay past due interest or principal on- loans 
 from literary fund without warrant from district school 
 
 board, section 63, sub-section 5 48 
 
 May disburse only on warrant, section 102 84 
 
 Must furnish annual statements of all receipts and disburse- 
 ments for publication, section 116 91 
 
 Must keep funds separate, section 102 84 
 
 Must keep school taxes separate and distinct, section 140 114 
 
 Must return delinquent list by July 1st, except in Accomac and 
 
 Northampton, section 104 86 
 
 Must settle with school boards by October 1st, and exhibit cash 
 to judge and commonwealth's attorney; penalty for failure, 
 
 seotion 113 90 
 
 M"ust specify school taxes on tax bills, section 140 114 
 
 No commissions on funds appropriated for libraries, section 144.. 119 
 Notice of receipt of State funds to division superintendent, sec- 
 tion 19 26 
 
 No treasurer nor deputy to deal in warrants; penalty, section 111 89 
 On failure to give division superintendent statement after fail- 
 ure to pay warrant, county board may have school funds 
 
 transferred to special depositary, section 137 92 
 
 On failure to pay warrant, duty of, to furnish division superinten- 
 dent complete statement of school funds, section 117, sub-sec- 
 tion 1 92 
 
 On failure to pay warrant, haying funds, county school board may 
 have all school funds transferred to special depositary, sec- 
 tion 117 92 
 
 Pay out State high school funds on warrants of district board, 
 
 section 87, sub-section 3 
 
 Penalty for failure to lay before county school board his books 
 
 and papers, section 109 
 
 Penalty for failure to pay warrant, having funds, section 111 .... 89 
 
 Receive copy of apportionment schemes, regulation 45 154 
 
 Recovery, penalty and procedure if warrant in favor of depositary 
 
 not paid, section 105, sub-section 7 
 
 Relief of, if Auditor's school warrant lost, section 114 90 
 
 Report by, to division superintendent on December 1st, etc., 
 
 regulation 44 154 
 
Requir< 
 div 
 
 193 
 
 uired to report state of school finances on December 1st to 
 division superintendent with affidavit, penalty if report not 
 made, section 107 87 
 
 Requisition by, upon Second Auditor for State school funds, sec- 
 tion 19 26 
 
 Shall not teach, nor his deputy, regulation 94 165 
 
 Shall pay warrants on State school tax fund out of any State 
 
 fund received by him, section 123 96 
 
 Shall receive and disburse all school moneys, taxes and levies, 
 
 section 102 84 
 
 Shall receive copy of apportionment of State school funds, regu- 
 lation 1, sub-section 9 142 
 
 Suits against, by successor for benefit school boards, etc., section 
 
 112 92 
 
 Sureties liable for acts of, section 100 84 
 
 When to receive taxes and levies and when to add penalty, sec- 
 tion 103 85 
 
 COURSES OF READING 
 
 Examiners to prescribe for teachers, regulation 10 145 
 
 Regulation 35 152 
 
 For issuing or renewing professional certificates, regulation 21 . . 149 
 For renewing first grade certificates, regulation 17, sub-sections 
 
 a and c 147 
 
 For renewing second grade certificates, regulation 18 148 
 
 For renewing special certificates, regulation 26, sub-section a.. 150 
 
 DAVIS, JEFFERSON 
 
 His birthday to be a day of recreation in public schools, sec- 
 tion 165 127 
 
 DEAF AND BLIND, SCHOOL FOR 
 
 Division superintendent to forward consolidated report of deaf 
 
 and blind to superintendent of, section 42 35 
 
 Member of faculty eligible to position on State Board of Educa- 
 tion, section 6 8 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 President or chairman of, to make annual report to Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction member of board, section 13 24 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 
 See Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 DEPOSITARY 
 
 Commissions, section 117, sub-section 5 93 
 
 Designated by county or city board, section 117, sub-sections 2 
 
 and 3 92 
 
 Must reside in county or city and give bond, section 117, sub- 
 section 4 . 92 
 
194 
 
 Must take proceedings to recover amount of warrant drawn in 
 
 his favor from treasurer, section 117, sub-section 7 93 
 
 Special, in case treasurer fails to pay warrant or give statement 
 
 of school funds to division superintendent, section 117 92 
 
 Subject to same rules, etc., as treasurers, section 117, sub-sec- 
 tion 5 93 
 
 DISTRICTS 
 
 See School Districts. 
 
 DISTRICT SCHOOL BOARD 
 
 A corporation, and how named, section 52 40 
 
 Aid teachers in maintaining discipline, etc., regulation 78 161 
 
 Annual report of, to division superintendent, regulation 75 161 
 
 Any member who employs or pays teacher without certificate, or 
 related to any member of board, as brother, sister, etc., liable 
 
 to refund any public money so paid, section 47, sub-section 2 37 
 Appoint manager of libraries and person to select books, section 
 
 144 11 
 
 Authority to employ and dismiss teachers, subject to review by 
 
 school trustee electoral board, section 47, sub-section 2 37 
 
 Authority over sub-districts, section 65, sub-section 2 53 
 
 Call meetings of the people of the district, section 47, sub-sec- 
 tion 7 37 
 
 Care for, manage and control school property, section 47, sub- 
 section 9 38 
 
 Certificate of, necessary to secure State funds, section 50 39 
 
 Contracts with teachers, how made, regulation 65a 172 
 
 Control and care for school-house, regulation 78 161 
 
 County school board may proceed against, to secure settlement of 
 
 accounts, etc., section 37, sub-section 4 31 
 
 Section 39 34 
 
 Decide what children are indigent, section 47, sub-section 3 37 
 
 Declare holidays, regulation 74 161 
 
 District fund under control of, regulation 73 160 
 
 Division superintendent to be present at meeting, etc., but may 
 
 not vote, regulation 53 156 
 
 Donations to school district to vest in, section 53 40 
 
 Duties of, under compulsory education law, section 95 79 
 
 Employ and dismiss teachers, section 47, sub-section 2 37 
 
 Establish or alter sub-districts, section 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 Estimates of, submitted to county school board, section 37, sub- 
 section 2 31 
 
 Regulation 72 160 
 
 Examination of accounts of, section 108 
 
 Examine, approve and pay claims, section 47, sub-section 12 
 
 Section 51 40 
 
 Exercise great care in building and locating school-houses, etc., 
 
 regulation 77 I 61 
 
195 
 
 Explain, enforce and observe school laws, section 47, sub-sec- 
 tion 1 37 
 
 Full power to employ teachers, subject, etc., regulation 65 158 
 
 Furnish estimates to division superintendent of money needed, 
 
 etc., section 126, sub-section 3 97 
 
 Glebe lands, etc., may vest in and be managed by, section 118 93 
 
 Section 119 94 
 
 Hold regular and special meetings, section 47, sub-section 6 37 
 
 How school funds applied by, regulation 73 160 
 
 Keep record of approval of claims, section 47, sub-section 12.... 38 
 Section 51 40 
 
 Make annual report, section 47, sub-section 14 38 
 
 Make rules for government of schools and conduct of children 
 
 going to and returning from school, section 47, sub-section 1 37 
 
 May admit pupils between 20 and 25, under conditions, section 94 78 
 
 May admit without tuition children of taxpayers who reside 
 outside of this State in certain instances, section 92, sub- 
 section 2 78 
 
 May appoint directors of sub-district, when, section 65, sub-sec- 
 tion 10 55 
 
 May borrow and issue bonds to provide additional school-houses 
 
 if school funds will not be sufficient, section 64 49 
 
 May borrow from County School Board to build houses, section 62 46 
 
 May borrow money from literary fund to erect school-houses, sec- 
 tion 63, sub-section 2 47 
 
 May charge fee for high school branches, section 84 72 
 
 May close school at any time for cause and pay teacher accord- 
 ingly, regulation 71 160 
 
 May condemn real estate, etc., section 55 41 
 
 Section 56 42 
 
 May encourage meetings of teachers, section 81, sub-section 1 . v . . 70 
 
 May establish high schools or provide for instruction in higher 
 
 branches, section 84 72 
 
 Section 87 72 
 
 May lease, purchase or build houses, section 47, sub-section 9 .... 
 
 May make appropriations to non-sectarian schools of manual, 
 
 industrial or technical training, etc., section 47, sub-section 15 39 
 
 May make regulations for infliction of penalties on pupils, regula- 
 tion 96 165 
 
 May not conduct school in house condemned by division superin- 
 tendent, section 57 
 
 May not elect holder of third grade certificate, when, regula- 
 tion 19 148 
 
 May not employ or pay any teacher who does not hold certificate, 
 section 47, sub-section 2 
 
 May not employ or pay as teacher any brother, sister, wife, son, 
 or daughter of any member of board, section 47, sub-sec- 
 tion 2 
 
 May petition for sale or exchange of school property, section 38.. 
 
196 
 
 May provide for introduction of manual and industrial training 
 and other special branches in schools, section 47, sub-sec- 
 tion 15 39 
 
 May submit question of election of teacher to patrons, etc., regu- 
 lation 69 159 
 
 May sue, contract, etc., section 52 40 
 
 May suspend or expel pupils, section 47, sub-section 3 37 
 
 Must act promptly in cases of suspension of pupils, section 80.. 70 
 
 Must appropriate at least $250.00 for high school, or as much as 
 
 State gives, to secure State aid, section 83, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Must appropriate money for as many as live libraries in any one 
 
 year, when, section 144 119 
 
 Must elect teachers assembled in meeting, regulation 65 158 
 
 Regulation 65a 172 
 
 Must enter into written contracts with teachers, section 78 66 
 
 Regulation 66 158 
 
 Must have written title and same approved by court or judge 
 
 when they purchase real estate, section 54 41 
 
 Section 56 42 
 
 Must have title in fee to borrow from literary fund, section 63, 
 
 sub-section 6 48 
 
 M'ust make written application to borrow money from literary 
 
 fund, section 63, sub-section 2 47 
 
 Must not build school-house until site, location, plans, etc., are 
 
 approved by division superintendent, section 57 42 
 
 Regulation 77 161 
 
 Must provide bookcases for libraries, section 144 119 
 
 Must provide outhouses, etc., section 58, sub-section 4 44 
 
 Section 60, rule 12 46 
 
 Must settle accounts of funds donated, etc., before commissioner 
 
 of accounts, section 53 40 
 
 M'ust specify time of opening and closing school in contract with 
 
 teacher, regulation 70 160 
 
 Number of trustees, quorum, and officers, section 40 34 
 
 Parcels of land that may not be acquired by condemnation pro- 
 ceedings by, section 56 42 
 
 Pay out State high school aid exclusively for support of high 
 
 school, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Penalty for failure to have written contracts with teachers, regu- 
 lation 67 159 
 
 Powers and duties of, section 47 37 
 
 Prescribe time of opening and closing school, etc., regulation 70. . 160 
 
 Provide books for indigent children, section 47, sub-section 3.... 37 
 
 Provide for disinfecting school-house and sanitary drinking ap- 
 pliances, section 60, rules 10 and 11 45 
 
 Provide for pay of teachers and all expenses, section 47, sub- 
 section 11 38 
 
 Section 51 40 
 
 Provide school-houses and furniture, section 47, sub-section 9.... 38 
 
197 
 
 Publish annual statement, penalty for failure to do, section 127.. 98 
 
 Records of, kept in bound volume, section 45 86 
 
 Records of, open to inspection, section 45 36 
 
 Report on any matter when required by division superintendent 
 
 of schools, section 47, sub-section 14 38 
 
 Request board of supervisors to levy tax to pay loans from 
 literary fund; penalty for failure to do so, section 63, sub- 
 section 5 48 
 
 Revise school census, section 41 ' 35 
 
 Secretary of sub-district must report to, section 65, sub-section 11 56 
 
 See that census is taken, section 47, sub-section 5 37 
 
 Special meetings called by chairman or two members, section 
 
 47, sub-section 6 .* 37 
 
 Stated and special meetings of, regulation 64 158 
 
 Statement of, for bond issue must be approved by board of 
 
 supervisors, section 64, sub-section 1 49 
 
 Substitutes may not be engaged nor days lost by teachers without 
 
 consent of, regulation 97 166 
 
 Title to school property belonging to district to vest in, section 52 40 
 Tuition agreed on by, in advance when pupils go from one dis- 
 trict to another, regulation 89 164 
 
 Urged to consolidate school, regulation 79 162 
 
 Visit schools, section 45, sub-section 10 38 
 
 Warrants of, how drawn, section 47, sub-section 12 38 
 
 Section 51 40 
 
 Written report to division superintendent on teachers contracted 
 
 with, regulation 68 , 159 
 
 DISTRICT SCHOOL FUND 
 
 Under control of district board, regulation 73 160 
 
 Unexpended to remain part of, section 110 89 
 
 What it consists of, section 126 ,sub-section 3 96 
 
 See School Funds also. 
 
 DISTRICT SCHOOL LEVY 
 See Taxation. 
 
 DISTRICT SCHOOL TRUSTEE 
 See Trustee. 
 
 DIVISION SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS 
 
 Administer oaths and take testimony in certain cases, regula- 
 tion 56 156 
 
 Annual report of, section 36 
 
 Regulation 41 I 53 
 
 Annual report of district board to, regulation 75 '. 161 
 
 Appeals from, regulation 1, sub-section 6 141 
 
 Regulation 32 I 52 
 
 Regulation 55 156 
 
 Appointed by State Board of Education, section 8 9 
 
198 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Section 15 25 
 
 Apportion State and county school funds under direction of 
 
 county school board, regulation 45 154 
 
 Regulation 46 155 
 
 Approve certificates, section 74 65 
 
 Approve payment of salary, if school closed before teacher's con- 
 tract expires, regulation 71 160 
 
 Approve site, location, etc., of school-houses, section 57 42 
 
 Regulation 77 161 
 
 Approve time fixed for opening and closing school, regulation 70 160 
 
 Assistants of, in conducting examinations, regulation 13 145 
 
 Cancelled warrants to be delivered to, section 108 88 
 
 Clerk of school trustee electoral board, section 21 27 
 
 Copy of returns of census delivered to, section 41 35 
 
 Section 42 35 
 
 County superintendent may not teach, regulation 92 165 
 
 Decide local appeals or complaints, unless, etc., subject to appeal 
 
 to Superintendent of Public Instruction, regulation 55 156 
 
 Deduction from salary for delay of monthly report, regulation 40 153 
 Deduction from salary for delay of annual report, regulation 42.. 154 
 Deduction from salary for failure to furnish information, regula- 
 tion 51 155 
 
 Delinquent, to be reported by Secretary State Board of Education, 
 
 regulation 52 155 
 
 Distribute all reports, forms, laws, etc., regulation 49 150 
 
 Duties and authority of, not abridged by sub-district law, section 
 
 65, sub-section 18 60 
 
 Duties of, as to continuance of school when average reduced by 
 
 factional spirit, etc., regulation 88 163 
 
 Duties of, in apportioning funds when district in more than one 
 
 county, section 44 36 
 
 Duties of in general, and amount of time to be given to same, 
 
 section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Duties of in general, visitation and general supervision, regula- 
 tion 57 157 
 
 Duties of prescribed by State Board of Education, section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Section 18 26 
 
 Duties of, under compulsory education law, section 95 79 
 
 Duties regarding the census when boundaries of districts are 
 
 changed, section 43 35 
 
 Encourage meetings of teachers, regulation 58 157 
 
 Endorse certificates, regulation 30 152 
 
 Examiners to advise in reference to improving school conditions, 
 
 regulation 9, sub-section 1 145 
 
 Examiners to advise in reference to location and erection of 
 
 buildings, regulation 7, sub-section 4 145 
 
 Examiners to aid, in lengthening school term, increasing pay of 
 
 teachers, etc., regulation 7, sub-section 3 144 
 
199 
 
 Examiners to assist in meetings of teachers and people and in . 
 
 eliciting interest of people, regulation 7, sub-section 2 144 
 
 Examiners to co-operate with, and aid, regulation 7, sub-section 1 144 
 
 Examinations held under supervision of, regulation 15 146 
 
 Explain school system and see that- all laws, regulations, etc., 
 
 are enforced, regulation 50 155 
 
 Forward consolidated report of deaf and blind, section 42 35 
 
 Forward examination papers within three days, regulation 14.... 146 
 
 Furnish abstract of report to newspapers, regulation 41 153 
 
 Furnish copy of apportionments to treasurer, clerk and news- 
 papers, regulation 45 154 
 
 Furnish information of successful experience of applicants for 
 
 teachers' certificates, regulation 16 147 
 
 Give notice of establishment of high school to State Board of 
 
 Education, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Give thirty days' notice of examinations, regulation 11 145 
 
 Guilty of misdemeanor if does not comply with sub-district law, 
 
 section 65, sub-section 20 6u 
 
 Hold at least one institute a year, regulation 58 157 
 
 How penalties and forfeitures against, sued for, section 69 63 
 
 How salaries paid, section 17 26 
 
 Section 181 136 
 
 How names of applicants for certificates retained by, and for- 
 warded, regulation 13 145 
 
 In cities of second class, section 173 134 
 
 In cities, how paid, section 181 136 
 
 In cities, may teach, section 182 13(5 
 
 Issue certificate, when, section 74 65 
 
 Keep records and file papers, regulation 60 157 
 
 Keep register of applicants to teach, regulation 38 153 
 
 Malfeasance or neglect of duty, penalty for, section 68 63 
 
 May administer oath to trustees, section 30 29 
 
 May assign and reassign teachers and principals in cities, regula- 
 tion 62 158 
 
 May be present at meeting of district school board, etc., but not 
 
 vote, regulation 53 156 
 
 May be punished, suspended or removed by State Board of Educa- 
 tion, section 7, sub-section 15 * 
 
 May fix minimum average attendance at fifteen, when, regula- 
 tion 88 163 
 
 Money paid to, or firm or agent of same, if he works for or sells 
 supplies, etc., to schools, may be recovered, section 66, sub- 
 section 2 
 
 May refuse to endorse certificate, when, regulation 31 152 
 
 May require district hoard to report on any matter, section 47, 
 
 sub-section 14 
 
 May require reports from directors of sub-district, section 65, 
 
 sub-section 17-8a 
 
 May revoke certificate; appeal, regulation 32 152 
 
200 
 
 May take part in sub-district meetings, but not vote, section 65, 
 
 sub-section 16 56 
 
 Member of school trustee electoral board, section 20 26 
 
 Monthly report of, when due, etc., regulation 39 153 
 
 Must approve plans, etc., before election ordered for bond issue-, 
 
 section 64, sub-section 5 50 
 
 Must approve securities for investment of sinking fund, section 
 
 64, sub-section 9 52 
 
 Must condemn unsuitable schoolhouses, section 57 42 
 
 Must furnish express, steamship, etc., companies, boundaries of 
 
 school districts, section 139, sub-section i 112 
 
 Must furnish railway and canal companies and clerks, corpora- 
 tion commission boundaries of school districts; penalty for 
 
 failure to do so, section 139, sub-section h Ill 
 
 Must furnish telegraph, telephone, etc., companies and clerk of 
 corporation commission, boundaries of school districts; penalty 
 
 for failure to do so, section 139, sub-section 1 113 
 
 Must give notice of price of text books and mode of obtaining 
 
 same, regulation 48 155 
 
 Must inform State Board whenever appropriation for library 
 
 made by district board, section 144 119 
 
 Must inform Superintendent of Public Instruction in case his 
 
 decisions are not enforced, regulation 50 155 
 
 Must inspect record and account books of clerks, regulation 43.. 154 
 Must not have any interest in books, supplies to schools, etc., sec- 
 tion 66 61 
 
 Must notify county or city board if treasurer fails to pay warrant 
 
 or give statement of school funds, section 117, sub-section 2.. 92 
 
 Must record apportionment schemes, regulation 47 155 
 
 Must report refusal to endorse certificate to examiners, regula- 
 tion 31 152 
 
 M'ust require treasurer to give complete statement of funds in 
 
 case he fails to pay any warrant, section 117, sub-section 1.. 92 
 Must see that annual statement of county broad is published and 
 
 posted, section 127 98 
 
 Must see that school funds are properly applied, regulation 43.. 154 
 
 Must take oath, section 15 25 
 
 Nominate State students to William and Mary College and State 
 Normal schools at Fredericksburg, Harrisonburg, Radford, 
 
 and Petersburg, section 150 121 
 
 Section 157 .. . 124 
 
 Appendix, sections 2 and 3 174 
 
 Not entitled to pension, section 79, sub-section 1 66 
 
 Notice to, of vacancies in Virginia Normal and Industrial Insti- 
 tute, section 167 124 
 
 Notify clerks of apportionments and district tax on hand, regula- 
 tion 46 145 
 
 Notify teachers of school holidays, regulation 74 161 
 
 Notify treasurer that State money is ready for distribution, sec- 
 tion 19 . 26 
 
201 
 
 Number applicants for examination, regulation 13 145- 
 
 Observe directions and regulations of Superintendent of Public 
 
 Instruction, regulation 41 153 
 
 One county and one city eligible to position on State Board of 
 
 Education, section 6 9 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 President of county school board, section 32 * . 30 
 
 Prescribe regulations for meetings of teachers, section 81, sub- 
 section 1 7ft. 
 
 Promote appreciation of education among people, regulation 58.. 157: 
 Receive copy of apportionment of State school funds, regulation 
 
 1, sub-section 9 142: 
 
 Receive examination questions under seal, etc., regulation 12 145 
 
 Receive report of results of examinations, regulation 13 14JL* 
 
 Recommend extension of certificates which expired 1907, regula^ r 
 
 tion 17, sub-section c , . 147 
 
 Recommend graduates of high school for certificates, regula- : 
 
 tion 23 149 
 
 Recommend teachers for certificates without examination, regula- 
 tion 17, sub-section c 147 
 
 Removed by State Board of Education, section 8 ..... 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 15 . . . . .:: :2 
 
 Report from district board to, giving teachers contracted with, 
 
 regulation 68 159 
 
 Report to State Board of Education his action in approval of . < ; . 
 
 site, location, plan, etc., of schoolhouses, section 57 . .. 42 
 
 Report to Superintendent of Public Instruction on disbursement 
 
 of school funds, section 124 96 
 
 Require applicants for examination to fill up preliminary form, 
 
 regulation 13 145. 
 
 Require each principal to have patrons' day, regulation 59 157 
 
 Require of district clerks necessary reports, regulation 54 156 
 
 Salary of, section 16 25 
 
 Section 181 136 
 
 Salary of, how supplemented, section 16 25 
 
 School districts to be numbered and named by, section 48 39 
 
 See that price list of text books is given each teacher, regula- 
 tion 86 163 
 
 See that text books are sold within easy reach and at contract 
 
 prices, regulation 48 155 
 
 Select State students to Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, 
 
 section 157 124 
 
 Shall call meetings of county school board, section 33 30 
 
 Shall examine books and papers of treasurers and clerks who 
 fail to lay books and papers before county board, and report 
 
 on same, section 109 > 88 
 
 Shall not receive pay until annual report received, regulation 41 163 
 Special report to Superintendent of Public Instruction, regula- 
 tion 41 . 153 
 
202 
 
 Statement of complaint to, by five heads of families, section 27.. 29 
 Submit estimates of county school board to board of supervisors, 
 
 section 37, sub-section 2 31 
 
 Section 126, sub-section 3 96 
 
 Submit estimates of district board to county board, section 47, 
 
 sub-section 8 38 
 
 Regulation 72 160 
 
 Teachers to make reports to, regulation 97 166 
 
 Term of office, section 15 25 
 
 Treasurer must report receipts and disbursements of State high 
 
 school funds to, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Treasurer must report state of school finances to, on December 
 
 1st, etc., section 107 87 
 
 Regulation 44 154 
 
 Treasurer to notify, of receipt of State money, section 19 26 
 
 Trustees to act as, when, regulation 61 158 
 
 Urged to consolidate schools, regulation 79 162 
 
 When office deemed vacant, section 15 - . 25 
 
 Who ineligible in cities, section 176 135 
 
 Who not eligible to office of, section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Section 15 25 
 
 DOMESTIC ARTS AND SCIENCE 
 
 .Department of, in certain high schools, section 89 75 
 
 DONATIONS 
 
 For school purposes, section 37, sub-section 4 
 
 Section 53 
 
 Private, for libraries, section 144 119 
 
 DRAWING 
 
 Special certificate teacher of, regulation 22 12G 
 
 ELECTIONS 
 
 See Special Elections. 
 
 ERRATA 
 
 See page 2. 
 
 ESTIMATES 
 
 By city school board, section 179 136 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 14 139 
 
 By county boards, section 37, sub-section 2 31 
 
 By district boards, section 47, sub-section 8 38 
 
 Duty of board of supervisors in regard to, section 126, sub-sec- 
 tion 3 96 
 
 Duty of division superintendent in regard to, section 37, sub- 
 section 2 31 
 
 Section 47, sub-section 8 38 
 
203 
 
 EXAMINATIONS 
 
 Applicants for, how numbered, regulation 13 145 
 
 Applicants for, how numbered when examined at a summer in- 
 stitute, regulation 13 145 
 
 Applicants for, to fill up preliminary form, regulation 13 145 
 
 Certificates issued directly to teachers, regulation 14 146 
 
 Division superintendent to give 30 days' notice of, regulation 11.. 145 
 Duplicate list of names and results sent to Department of Public 
 
 Instruction, regulation 14 .' 146 
 
 Examiners to fix time of, regulation 10 145 
 
 Examiners to hold, regulation 10 145 
 
 Regulation 37 152 
 
 Papers destroyed after 12 months, regulation 14. . . . 146 
 
 Papers forwarded to Department of Public Instruction after valua- 
 tion, etc., regulation 14 146 
 
 Papers to be forwarded by division superintendent within 3 days, 
 
 etc., regulation 14 146 
 
 Papers valued, etc., by examiners acting together, regulation 14.. 146 
 
 Preliminary forms for, how dealt with, regulation 13 145 
 
 Questions to be prepared by examiners and sent under seal to 
 
 division superintendents, regulation 12 145 
 
 Regulations for, and safeguards to be fixed by examiners, regula- 
 tion 12 145 
 
 Results of, kept in register of division superintendents, regula- 
 tion 38 153 
 
 Special, when, regulation 29 152 
 
 Uniform, when held and subjects, etc., regulation 15 146 
 
 FACTIONAL, SPIRIT 
 
 Duty of certain officers when average attendance reduced by, 
 
 regulation 88 163 
 
 FINES 
 
 How collected, section 69 63 
 
 How collected and compromised, regulation 99 167 
 
 May be remitted by county board, section 109 
 
 Paid into literary fund, section 120 
 
 Section 121 94 
 
 See Penalties and Forfeiture?. 
 
 FIRE ESCAPES 
 
 Required in school buildings over three stories high; penalty, 
 
 section 145 12 
 
 FORMS, BLANK 
 
 Distributed by division superintendent, regulation 49 155 
 
 Prepared by Superintendent of Public Instruction, regulation 1, 
 
 sub-section 3 , ' 141 
 
204 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG STATE N. AND I. SCHOOL FOR WOMEN 
 See State N. and I School for Women at Fredericksburg. 
 
 GENERAL ASSEMBLY 
 
 Appropriation by, for salary and expenses Superintendent of 
 
 Public Instruction, section 141 114 
 
 Appropriation by, for State school funds, section 126, sub-sec- 
 tion 1 96 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Appropriation by, for summer schools, section 141 114 
 
 Appropriation by, for traveling libraries, section 143 118 
 
 May establish agricultural, normal, manual training and technical 
 
 schools, section 13 11 
 
 May not appropriate money to private schools; exception, section 
 
 17 11 
 
 May revise, amend or repeal rules and regulations State Board 
 
 of Education, section 8 9 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction to offer suggestions to, 
 
 regulation 1, sub-section 11 142 
 
 GOVERNOR 
 
 Designate Arbor Day annually, section 146 120 
 
 Member State Board of Education, section 6 8 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 Member United Agricultural Board, section 168 129 
 
 GLEBE LANDS 
 
 May be appropriated for education and vest in either county, city 
 
 or district school board, section 118 93 
 
 Section 119 94 
 
 Property derived from sale of, vested in county school board, 
 
 section 37, sub-section 4 31 
 
 Revenue from, to be applied in same way as income of literary 
 
 fund, section 119 94 
 
 GRADED SCHOOLS 
 
 Admission pupils from other districts, regulations 88 and 89 164 
 
 Preference to be given to, section 82 71 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOLS 
 
 See Primary and Grammar Schools. 
 
 HARRISONBURG STATE N. AND I. SCHOOL FOR WOMEN 
 See .State N. and I. School for Women at Harrisonburg. 
 
 HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE 
 
 President or chairman to make annual report to Superintendent 
 
 of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 Professional certificates to graduates of, regulation 21 149 
 
 State students, how selected, etc., section 159 125 
 
 Summer school certificate, first grade, for work in, regulation 116 172 
 
205 
 
 [IGH SCHOOLS 
 
 Admission pupils from other districts, regulations 88 and 89 164 
 
 Agriculture, manual training, and domestic economy in, section 89 75 
 
 Certificates to graduates of, regulation 23 149 
 
 Normal training in, section 88 : 74 
 
 Agricultural, used as centers of demonstration work, section 89, 
 
 sub-section 4 76 
 
 Amount of land required for agricultural, and how managed, sec- 
 tion ' 89, sub-section 2 76 
 
 Annual State appropriation for, section 87, sub-section 4 74 
 
 Section 141 , 114 
 
 Appropriation by State for buildings and equipment for agri- 
 cultural, etc., section 89, sub-section 7 77 
 
 Section 141 , 114 
 
 Appropriation by State for departments agriculture, domestic 
 
 economy, manual training, section 89, sub-sections 6 and 7.. 76 
 
 Appropriation by State to normal training departments in, must 
 be paid exclusively to teachers thereof, section 88, sub-sec- 
 tion 2 75 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Appropriation by State for normal training departments in, sec- 
 tion 88, sub-section 1 74 
 
 Section 141 , 114 
 
 Appropriation by State for traveling, demonstration and exten- 
 sion work in agricultural, section 89, sub-section 7 77 
 
 Books, appliances, etc., in, selected by State Board cf Education, 
 
 regulation 84 162 
 
 Chief object of normal training department in, section 88, sub- 
 section 3 ' . . 7."> 
 
 District board must appropriate at least $250 annually from local 
 
 funds in order to secure State aid, section 87, subs tion 3.. 73 
 
 District or districts must maintain primary and grammar schools 
 at least five months before State funds can be used for, sec- 
 tion 87, sub-section 1 72 
 
 Division superintendent to give notice of establishment of, to 
 
 State Board of Education, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Establishment of, not to interfere with elementary schools, sec- 
 tion 85 72 
 
 Examiners to visit and inspect, regulation 9, sub-section 3 145 
 
 Fee may be charged for instruction in higher branches, section S4 72 
 
 Funds may be privately subscribed for, to secure State aid, sec- 
 tion 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 High schools and high school branches provided for, section 84.. 72 
 
 Section 87 72 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 6 137 
 
 Regulation 80 162 
 
 Regulation 82 162 
 
 Itemized statement of State aid for, to be given Auditor by State 
 
 Board of Education, section 87, sub-section 4 74 
 
206 
 
 Manual training and domestic economy taught in agricultural, 
 
 section 89, sub-sections 3 and 4 76 
 
 May be conducted in suitable building of its own or with graded 
 
 school, section 87, sub-section 1 72 
 
 Must be inspected before receiving State appropriation, section 
 
 87, sub-section 3 75 
 
 Must conform to standard prescribed by State Board of Educa- 
 tion, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Not more than one normal training department in any county, 
 
 section 88, sub-section 4 75 
 
 One agricultural, etc., at least in each congressional district, sec- 
 tion 89, sub-section 1 75 
 
 One or more district boards may establish, section 87, sub-sec- 
 tions 1 and 2 72 
 
 Only one in each district to be aided by State appropriation, 
 unless area and population justify more, section 87, sub- 
 section 3 73 
 
 Receipts and disbursement of State funds for, to be annually re- 
 ported by treasurer, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Receiving State aid shall admit pupils from other districts, when, 
 
 regulation 83 162 
 
 Requirements for certificates of teachers of higher branches in, 
 
 regulation 24 150 
 
 Rules for agricultural, prescribed by State Board of Education 
 
 and President V. P. I., section 89, sub-section 5 76 
 
 Schools having normal training or agricultural, etc., depart- 
 ments to be designated by State Board of Education, section 
 
 88, sub-section 3 75 
 
 Section 89, sub-section 1 75 
 
 State aid to cannot exceed local appropriation for, section 87, 
 
 sub-sections 3 and 4 73 
 
 State Board of Education given power to fix rules and regula- 
 tions for distribution of State fund for, section 87, sub-sec- 
 tion 4 74 
 
 State Board of Education may appropriate from $250.00 to $400.00 
 
 for each high school, section 87, sub-sections 3 and 4 73 
 
 State Board of Education to prescribe regulations, requirements 
 for admission for resident and non-resident pupils, section 87, 
 
 sub-section 2 72 
 
 Regulation 82 162 
 
 Regulations 89 and 90 164 
 
 State money for to be kept separate and used exclusively for 
 
 support of, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 State money for, to be paid out on warrant of district board, 
 
 section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 State money for, to be placed to credit of high school fund of 
 
 district, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
207 
 
 HOLIDAYS 
 
 Anniversary of birth of Jefferson Davis to be celebrated in the 
 
 schools, section 165 127 
 
 Division superintendent to notify teachers of, regulation 74 161 
 
 How iixed in each division and district, regulation 74 161 
 
 INDIAN 
 
 Defined, section 93 78 
 
 INDIGENT PUPILS 
 See Pupils. 
 
 INSPECTION OF SCHOOLS 
 
 See Division Superintendent, Examiners, Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction, and Medical Inspectors of Schools. 
 
 KINDERGARTEN 
 
 Special certificate to teachers of, regulation 26 150 
 
 LAND FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES 
 See Real Estate. 
 
 LIBRARIES, SCHOOL 
 See School Libraries. 
 
 LAUREL REFORMATORY 
 
 Appropriation for school and school building at, section 166.... 128 
 School of, under control of State Board of Education, section 166 128 
 
 LITERARY FUND 
 
 Auditor to pay over, annually in money, section 121 94 
 
 Bonds for loans from, how paid and where deposited, section 63, 
 
 sub-section 4 47 
 
 County treasurer shall pay loans from, if school board fails to 
 
 do so, section 63, sub-section 5 48 
 
 Fines, part of, section 120 94 
 
 Section 121 94 
 
 How managed and invested, section 8 & 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 11 21 
 
 Section 121 94 
 
 How money belonging to, received into treasury, section 7, sub- 
 section 12 21 
 
 Income dedicated to public free schools, section 121 94 
 
 Loans from, can be made only on property having clear title, 
 
 section 63, sub-section 6 48 
 
 Loans from, for building schoolhouse to bear interest at 4 and 5 
 per cent, and to be repaid in 15 annual installments, section 
 63, sub-sections 4 and 8 47 
 
 Loans from, to erect schoolhouses, section 63 46 
 
208 
 
 No loan from, shall be made to aid in erection of house costing 
 
 less than $250.00, section 63, sub-section 3 47 
 
 No loan from, shall exceed 50 per centum of cost of building, sec- 
 tion 63, sub-sections 3 and 8 47 
 
 No loan from, shall exceed $10,000 for any one building, section 
 
 58, sub-sections 3 and 8 47 
 
 Of what composed, section 10 10 
 
 Section 121 94 
 
 Penalties and forfeitures from school officers, teachers, etc., 
 
 belong to, section 69 63 
 
 Principal of, to remain unimpaired, section 121 94 
 
 Recovery of money due, section 6 17 
 
 Revenue of Glebe land, etc., to be applied in sam^ way as, sec- 
 tion 119 94 
 
 Securities belonging to, deposited with Second Auditor, section 7, 
 
 sub-section 11 21 
 
 Second Auditor accountant of, section 7, sub-section 12 21 
 
 LOANS 
 
 From county school board to district school board for building 
 
 houses, section 62 46 
 
 To Virginia students at institutions of higher learning, section 142 117 
 
 MAGISTERIAL DISTRICTS 
 
 Continued, section 3 ...,.... 7 
 
 MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING 
 
 District boards may establish schools of, section 47, sub-section 15 39 
 District boards may make appropriation to non-sectarian schools 
 
 of, section 47, sub-section 15 39 
 
 In high schools, section 89 75 
 
 May be taught in common schools, regulation 81 162 
 
 Special certificate to teachers of, regulation 26 150 
 
 MEDICAL INSPECTORS OF SCHOOLS 
 
 How appointed and duties, regulation 117 173 
 
 MEETINGS 
 
 Examiners to encourage trustees to hold meetings of patrons, 
 
 regulation 8, sub-section 2 145 
 
 Of Board of Education, section 4 16 
 
 Of county school board, section 33 30 
 
 Section 35 30 
 
 Of people to be called, section 47, sub-section 7 37 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 9 138 
 
 Of school trustees electoral board, section 24 28 
 
 Of teachers or people, to be promoted by examiners, regulation 
 
 7, sub-section 2 144 
 
 l/ Of teachers to be encouraged, section 81, sub-section 1 70 
 
 Regulation 58 . 157 
 
209 
 
 Regular and special, of city school board, section 183, sub-sec- 
 tion 8 133 
 
 Regular and special, of district school board, section 47, sub-sec- 
 tion 6 ^ 37 
 
 Regulation 64 158 ' 
 
 Teachers should attend educational, regulation 97 166 . 
 
 MORAL EDUCATION 
 
 Provision to be made for, section 83 71 
 
 Text-books for, how selected, section 83 71 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 May be taught in common schools, regulation 81 162 
 
 Special certificates to teachers "of, regulation 26 150 
 
 NARCOTICS AND ALCOHOL, 
 
 Effects of, to be taught, section 83 71 
 
 NATURE STUDY 
 
 May be taught in common schools, regulation 81 162 
 
 NEGRO 
 
 See Colored Person. 
 
 NEGRO REFORMATORY 
 
 Appropriation for, by State, section 167 129 
 
 School of, under control State Board of Education, section 167 . . 129 
 
 NON-RESIDENT CHILDREN 
 
 When and on what terms admitted to school, sections 91 and 92 77 
 
 Regulation 89 and 90 164 
 
 See Pupils also. 
 
 NORMAL SCHOOLS 
 
 Certificates to graduates of normal training departments of high 
 
 schools, regulation 25 150 
 
 City school boards may establish, section 183, sub-section 6 .... x 137 " 
 
 Normal courses in high schools,- section 88 74 
 
 Professional certificates to certain graduates of, regulation 21.. 149 
 
 Regulation 109 170 
 
 Professional i rtificates in summer schools of, r 
 
 lation 109 170 
 
 Summer school certificate, first grade in colored, regulation 116.. 172 
 
 OATH OP OFFICE 
 
 Administered by division superintendent, when, section 30 
 
 Regulation 56 156 
 
 Failure to take, vacates office, section 23 27 
 
 Of division superintendents of schools., where recorded, etc., sec- 
 tion 35. 25 
 
210 
 
 Of member of trustee electoral board appointed by circuit 
 
 judge, section 20 26 
 
 Of members State Board of Education, where recorded, etc., sec- 
 tion 3 15 
 
 Of school trustee, where recorded, etc., section 30 29 
 
 Section 183 .. . 136 
 
 Of Superintendent of Public Instruction, section 9 22 
 
 Prescribed for all officers, section 1 7 
 
 Sections 71 and 72 64 
 
 Where recorded generally, section 73 64 
 
 OFFICERS, SCHOOL 
 See School Officers. 
 
 OFFICIAL PAPERS 
 
 Must be delivered to successor in office, section 67 63 
 
 PATRONS 
 
 Election of teachers by, when, procedure, etc., regulation 69.... 159 
 
 Patrons' day held annually in each school, regulation 59 157 
 
 Teachers should visit, regulation 97 166 
 
 See also Meetings. 
 
 PENALTIES AND FORFEITURES 
 
 Against clerk, section 109 88 
 
 Against clerks of district boards, section 95 79 
 
 Against district trustee, section 47, sub-section 2 37 
 
 Section 127 98 
 
 Regulation 67 159 
 
 Against division superintendent, regulation 40 153 
 
 Regulation 42 154 
 
 Regulations 51 and 52 155 
 
 Against division superintendent, section 127 98 
 
 Against officer and teacher, section 65, sub-section 20 60 
 
 Section 66 61 
 
 Section 67 . 63 
 
 Section 68 63 
 
 Section 127 98 
 
 Section 139 109 
 
 Against parents or guardians under compulsory education law, 
 
 section 95 79 
 
 Against pupils, penalties may be inflicted by teacher, if reason- 
 able, regulation 96 165 
 
 Against State institutions if annual reports not made to Sfate 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, section 161 126 
 
 Against treasurers, section 107 87 
 
 Section 1 09 88 
 
 Section 111 89 
 
 Section 113 90 
 
 .Section 117, subsection 7 . 92 
 
211 
 
 Disposition of, and how sued for, section 69 63 
 
 If inflicted, party not subject to second prosecution, section 69.. 63 
 See Fines. 
 
 PENSIONS FOR RETIRED TEACHERS 
 
 Accounts of funds, how kept and secured, section 79, sub-section 8 69 
 
 Appropriation by State for, section 79, sub-section 5 68 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Contracts with teachers to provide for deduction for, section 79, 
 
 sub-section 4 67 
 
 Deduction from first year's pension, for permanent endowment 
 
 of fund, section 3 67 
 
 Deductions from pensions of those placed on list prior to July 1, 
 
 1910, for permanent endowment, section 79, sub-section 12 .. 70 
 For physical or mental infirmity after 20 years, section 79, 
 
 sub-section 1 66 
 
 Funds for, how invested, section 79, sub-section 5 6S 
 
 Funds for, how received and managed by State Treasurer, section 
 
 79, sub-section 2 67 
 
 Funds, whence derived, section 79, sub-section 2 67 
 
 General management of funds, etc., section 79, sub-section 7 69 
 
 How mental or physical disability shown, section 79, sub-section 2 67 
 How money retained for, paid into State treasury, section 79, sub- 
 section 4 67 
 
 Legacies, etc., for, how received and managed, section 79, sub- 
 section 4 68 
 
 Length of service after July 1, 1908, required before teacher may 
 
 be pensioned, section 79, sub-section 10 69 
 
 List of retired teachers to be published annually, section 79, sub- 
 section 11 70 
 
 Must be paid pro rata if deficiency in funds, section 79, sub-sec- 
 tion 8 69 
 
 Record of, section 79, sub-section 1 66 
 
 Special pensions for teachers retired between July 1, 1902, and 
 
 July 1, 1908, section 79, sub-section 10V> 70 
 
 State Board of Education authorized to make rules and regula- 
 tions for, section 19, sub-section 13 - 70 
 
 State treasury depository of fund, section 79, sub-section 4 67 
 
 Voluntary after 30 years, section 79, sub-section 1 66 
 
 What pensions to be paid, and when, section 79, sub-section 6 . . 68 
 
 PRIMARY AND GRAMMAR SCHOOLS 
 
 Must be maintained at least four months, or local funds cannot 
 
 be used for higher schools, section 12 11 
 
 Section 37, sub-section 3 31 
 
 Must be maintained for at least five months or State high school 
 fund cannot be used for higher schools, section 87, sub-sec- 
 tion 1 72 
 
 Professional elementary certificates to teachers of, regulation 109 170 
 
212 
 
 Special certificates to teachers of primary methods, regulation 26 150 
 
 State funds for benefit of, section 11 10 
 
 Section 126, sub-section 1 96 
 
 See also School Term. 
 
 PROFESSIONAL COURSE OF STUDY 
 See Course of Reading. 
 
 PROPERTY, SCHOOL, 
 See School Property. 
 
 PUBLISHERS OF TEXT-BOOKS 
 
 Affidavit of, section 7, sub-section 6 19 
 
 Bonds of, section 7, sub-section 6 i . . . . 19 
 
 Contracts with, section 7, sub-section 6 19 
 
 PUPILS 
 
 Admission of, from other districts or counties, regulations 89 and 
 
 90 164 
 
 Admissions of persons between 20 and 25, section 94 78 
 
 Regulation 91 164 
 
 Average attendance of, does not affect pay of teachers, when, 
 
 section 75 65 
 
 Children whose parents or guardians do not reside in city or 
 district may enter school therein on such terms as local 
 
 board may prescribe; right of appeal, section 92, sub-section 1 78 
 
 Cleanliness and good, behavior required, section 97 82 
 
 Colored and Indian, defined, section 93 78 
 
 Compulsory education of, section 95 79 
 
 Conduct of, in going to and returning from school su^jer-t to 
 
 rules of district or city school board, section 47, sub-section 1 37 
 
 Section 92 82 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 1 137 
 
 District or city board may suspend or expel, section 47, sub-sec- 
 tion 3 3 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 4 137 
 
 District or city board to decide who are indigent, section 47, 
 
 sub-section 4 ; 37 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 5 137 
 
 Enrollment and attendance of, necessary to form a school, sec- 
 tion 88 163 
 
 Eyesight and hearing of, how tested, section 99 83 
 
 Free text-books for indigent, section 15 11 
 
 Section 47, sub-section 4 37 
 
 In cases of suspension of, facts to be reported in writing to school 
 
 board and parent or guardian, section 80, 70 
 
 Regulation 96 165 
 
 Medical inspectors for, regulation 117 173 
 
 May be charged tuition in high school branches, section 84 72 
 
 May be suspended by teacher until school board acts, section 80 70 
 
213 
 
 Regulation 96 165 
 
 Must be instructed in agriculture, manual trianing and domestic 
 
 arts and science in certain high schools, section 89. 75 
 
 Must be supplied with proper text-books, regulation 85 163 
 
 Must be vaccinated, when and how, section 97 82 
 
 Must ordinarily attend nearest school, section 92, sub-section 3 78 
 Non-resident children, whose parents or guardians are tax-payers 
 in the district or city, on what terms admitted, etc., sec- 
 tion 92 78 
 
 Persons between 20 and 25, tuition of and permits to, regulation 91 161 
 Persons between 20 and 25 must submit to regulations, regula- 
 tion 92 165 
 
 Persons between 20 and 25, statistics of to be kept separately, reg- 
 
 'ulation 93 165 
 
 Provisions for testing sight and hearing of, section 99 83 
 
 Relief of teachers from loss of pay on account of attendance 
 
 of, when, section 76 66 
 
 Schools free to those between 7 and 20 residing in district, sec- 
 tion 91 77 
 
 State Board of Education to make regulations for admission of 
 
 children from adjoining districts, section 91 77 
 
 Regulations 89 and 90 164 
 
 State Board of Education to prescribe requirements for admission 
 
 to high schools, section 89, sub-section 2.. 73 
 
 Regulation 82 162 
 
 Suffering with contagious diseases excluded, section 97 82 
 
 Teachers may inflict reasonable penalties upon, regulation 96 . . 165 
 
 Transportation of, provided for, section 86 72 
 
 Tuition of, from other districts to be agreed on in advance by 
 
 boards, regulation 89 164 
 
 Tuition of, from other districts to be fixed by State Board of 
 
 Education, regulation 90 164 
 
 White and colored not to be taught in same school, section 91 .. 77 
 
 RADPORD STATE N. AND I. SCHOOL FOR WOMEN 
 See State N. and I. School for Women at Radford. 
 
 REAL ESTATE 
 
 Appeal by supervisors or citizens in matter of approval or dis- 
 approval of title to land for school or public uses, section 54 41 
 
 Contract for purchase of, shall be in writing, section 54 41 
 
 Section 56 42 
 
 District board to make deed for, when, section 38 33 
 
 District or city board may condemn, section 55 41 
 
 Section 56 42 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 15 139 
 
 No contract for purchase of land by school board to be valid until 
 
 title approved by court or judge, section 54 41 
 
 Section 56 . 42 
 
214 
 
 Re-assessment of, every 5 years, section 20 12 
 
 Sale or exchange of, section 38 33 
 
 Title of, for school purposes to be approved by circuit court or 
 
 judge, section 54 41 
 
 Section 56 42 
 
 What exempt from taxation, section 22 13 
 
 Section 137 106 
 
 What may not be acquired by school board in condemnation pro- 
 ceedings, section 56 42 
 
 RECORDS, ETC. 
 
 Must be delivered to successor in office, section 67 63 
 
 REGISTER 
 
 Delivered to clerk, section 77 66 
 
 Regulation 95 165 
 
 Kept by every teacher, section 77 66 
 
 Of applicants to teach, regulation 38 153 
 
 Prepared by Superintendent of Public Instruction, section 77 .... 66 
 
 Regulation 1, sub-section 3 141 
 
 REPORTS 
 
 See the various boards and officers. 
 
 SALARY. 
 
 City superintendent, section 16 25 
 
 Section 181 136 
 
 Clerks and employees of Department of Public Instruction, section 
 
 7, sub-section 3 19 
 
 Division superintendent, sections 16 and 17 25 
 
 Examiner's, regulation 4 143 
 
 Of teacher not affected by re-assignment in cities, regulation 62.. 158 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, section 9 22 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Teacher's, regulation 68 159 
 
 SCHOOL AGE 
 
 Section 91 77 
 
 SCHOOL BOARD 
 
 See City School Board. 
 See County School Board. 
 See District School Board. 
 
 SCHOOL DISTRICTS 
 
 Claims against, how audited and paid, section 51 40 
 
 How constituted, section 9 10 
 
 Section 49 39 
 
 Must provide outhouses, etc., section 58, sub-section 4 44 
 
 Section 60 . 45 
 
215 
 
 Name, number and boundaries to be reported to Superintendent 
 
 of Public Instruction, section 48 39 
 
 Section 172 134 
 
 Not to receive any part of county or State funds until proper pro- 
 vision has been made for schoolhouses, furniture, etc., sec- 
 tion 61 4 
 
 Number and boundaries in cities and where recorded, section 172 134 
 
 Number of trustees of, section 9 10 
 
 Section 28 29 
 
 Section 40 34 
 
 Section 177 135 
 
 Organization and duties of trustees of, in cities, section 174 135 
 
 Provisions when, lie in more than one county, section 44 36 
 
 Schools of, open to children or wards of non-resident taxpayers 
 
 in certain instances, section 92 78 
 
 To be numbered or named and boundaries recorded, section 49 .. 39 
 
 Unexpended funds in, how treated, section 110 89 
 
 Warrants by, for what given and how issued, section 51 40 
 
 SCHOOL DIVISIONS 
 
 State divided into appropriate, by State Board of Education, sec- 
 tion 8 9 
 
 SCHOOL FUNDS 
 
 Amount of local, submitted to people, when, section 126, sub-sec- 
 tion 3 96 
 
 Apportionment of, to be recorded by division superintendent, 
 
 regulation 47 131 
 
 Apportionment of, when district lies in more than one county, 
 
 section 44 36 
 
 Appropriations by General Assembly, section 141 114 
 
 Approximate apportionment of State, on November 1, section 122 95 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Capitation tax, section 139, sub-section b 109 
 
 County and district funds, how determined, levied and expended, 
 
 section 12 11 
 
 Section 126, sub-sections 2 and 3 96 
 
 County and district tax on bank stock, section 128, sub-section 2 100 
 
 Section 133 103 
 
 Section 134 103 
 
 County and district tax on oysters, section 128, sub-section 2 .... 99 
 
 Section 135 104 
 
 County and State, shall not be paid to district until it has made 
 
 proper provision for schoolhouses, furniture, etc., section 61 46 
 
 County and town treasurers to report as to, on December 1st, 
 
 etc., section 107 87 
 
 Regulation 44 154 
 
 County treasurer's commissions on, sections 101 and 102 84 
 
 Sections 105 and 106 . 86 
 
216 
 
 Division superintendents must see that, are properly applied, reg- 
 ulation 43 154 
 
 Dog tax, section 126, sub-section 3 96 
 
 Section 132 101 
 
 From fines, section 120 94 
 
 Prom glebe land and church property, section 118 93 
 
 Section 119 94 
 
 Prom, public lands, escheated property, etc., section 10 10 
 
 Section 121 94 
 
 Prom regular revenue of State taxes, etc., section 122 95 
 
 Section 126, sub-section 1 96 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Prom unbranded drift logs or timber, section 136 105 
 
 How district used, regulation 72 160 
 
 How residue of State funds distributed, section 125 96 
 
 How State and county used, regulation 72 160 
 
 In cities managed and controlled by city school board, section 183, 
 
 sub-section 12 138 
 
 Literary fund, of what composed, section 10 10 
 
 Section 121 94 
 
 Managed ond invested by State Board of Education, section 8 .... 9 
 May not be used for school in building condemned by division 
 
 superintendent, section 57 42 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 10 138 
 
 Must be received and disbursed by county treasurers, sections 
 
 100 and 102 84 
 
 Not appropriated to schools not owned or controlled by State 
 
 or some sub-division thereof; exceptions, section 17 
 
 Of what to consist, section 126 96 
 
 Penalty added after December 1st, section 103 85 
 
 Penalties and forfeitures belong to, section 69 63 
 
 School taxes to be separately assessed and accounted for, section 
 
 140 114 
 
 State and county, how apportioned, regulation 45 154 
 
 State ippropriation for high schools, section 87, sub-section 4.. 74 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 State, county and district funds, section 126 96 
 
 State funds, whence derived and how apportioned, section 11 .... 10 
 
 Section 126, sub-section 1 96 
 
 Regulation 1, sub-section 9 142 
 
 State school funds apportioned separately to cities and deposited 
 
 with city treasurer, section 180 136 
 
 State tax on bank stock, section 139, sub-section e-f 109 
 
 State tax on express, steamship, etc., companies, section. 139, sub- 
 
 tion i 112 
 
 State tax on insurance, guarantee, etc., companies, section 139, 
 
 sub-section g 110 
 
 -State tax on intangible personal property, section 139, sub-sec- 
 tion d . 109 
 

 217 
 
 State tax on railway and canal companies, section 139, sub-sec- 
 tion h Ill 
 
 State tax on real estate, etc., section 139, sub-section a 109 
 
 State tax on sleeping cars, etc., section 139, sub-section j 113 
 
 State tax on tangible personal property, section 139, sub-section c 109 
 State tax on telegraph, telephone, etc., companies, section 139, 
 
 sub-section k 113 
 
 Transfer of, when treasurer fails to pay warrants, section 117 . . 92 
 Unexpended State funds sometimes returned for redivision, other- 
 wise with local funds, section 110 89 
 
 When State funds available for high schools, section 87, sub-sec- 
 tion 1 72 
 
 When State funds not available for a school, section 50 39 
 
 SCHOOL, FURNITURE 
 
 No agent of, or firm including, school officers, to have interest 
 
 in, section 66, sub-section 2 62 
 
 No school officer to have interest in, section 66 61 
 
 Provided by district or city school board, section 47, sub-section 9 38 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 10 138. 
 
 SCHOOL HOLIDAYS 
 See Holidays. 
 
 SCHOOL HOURS 
 
 Regulation 70 160 
 
 SCHOOLHOUSES 
 
 Bond issue to erect, section 64 49 
 
 Built, etc., out of district funds, regulations 72 and 73 160 
 
 Burning, how punished, section 149 121 
 
 Cared for by district board, regulation 78 161 
 
 Closets, section 60, rule 12 46 
 
 District board must exercise great care in building, etc., regula- 
 tion 77 161 
 
 District or city board may lease, purchase or build, section 47, 
 
 sub-section 9 38 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 10 138 
 
 Duty of division superintendent to condemn unsuitable, section 
 
 57 42 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 10 , 138 
 
 Examiners to advise as to location and erection of, regulation 7, 
 
 sub-section 4 145 
 
 For high schools, section 87, sub-section 1 72 
 
 Funds for investment and profits of same to be used for erection 
 
 of, when, section 37, sub-section 4 , 31 
 
 Heating, lighting and ventilation of, section 58 43 
 
 Height of rooms, arrangement of doors, halls, etc., section 58, sub- 
 sections 1 and 2 ...... 43 
 
218 
 
 Section 60 45 
 
 Injuries to, how punished, section 147 120 
 
 Loans from literary fund to erect, section 63 46 
 
 Loans to erect, section 62 46 
 
 Must be securely locked in vacation, regulation 78 161 
 
 No firm including school officer or agent of school officers to fur- 
 nish supplies for, section 66, sub-section 2 62 
 
 No school officer or teacher to contract or have interest in ma- 
 terial furnished for, section 66 61 
 
 No school to be allowed in unfit house, section 57 42 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 10 138 
 
 Not to be contracted for or erected until site, location, plans, etc., 
 
 approved in writing by division superintendent, section 57 .. 42 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 10 138 
 
 Regulation 77 161 
 
 Over three stories high must have fire escape, section 145 120 
 
 Provided by district or city board, section 47, sub-section 9 38 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 10 138 
 
 Sanitary requirements and regulations in reference to, section 60 45 
 
 School Board must provide outhouses, etc., section 58, sub-section 4 43 
 
 Section 60, rule 12 46 
 
 Tank or cooler, etc., required for, section 60 45 
 
 Teachers should see that, are clean and attractive, regulation 97. . 166 
 
 Towns may borrow money to build, section 162 126 
 
 When and how disinfected, section 60 45 
 
 When and how swept, section 60 45 
 
 SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Appropriation for, section 141 114 
 
 Books for, selected from list approved by State Board of Educa- 
 tion, section 144 119 
 
 Competent person to select books, appointed by local Board, sec- 
 tion 144 119 
 
 School board required to furnish bookcase, section 144 119 
 
 Duty of school board to appropriate money for, when, section 
 
 144 119 
 
 Libraries may be exchanged, when, section 144 119 
 
 Manager of, appointed by school board, section 144 119 
 
 No commissions on moneys for, to treasurer, section 144 119 
 
 No school board obliged to appropriate money for more than five 
 
 in one year, section 144 i!9 
 
 State money for, to be remitted to treasurer, section 144 119 
 
 Teachers should exert themselves to establish, regulation 97 166 
 
 SCHOOL MONEY 
 
 See School Funds 
 
 SCHOOL MONTH 
 
 Of what to consist, regulation 87 163 
 
219 
 
 SCHOOL OFFICERS 
 
 Appeals by, regulation 55 156 
 
 Certain officers, deputies, etc., to give bond, section 2 7 
 
 County school board may proceed against, section 39 34 
 
 Disability of certain Federal and State officers to serve as, section 
 
 29 29 
 
 Duty to set prosecution for penalties and forfeitures on foot, 
 
 section 69 63 
 
 Firm of which, member or agent, not to have interest in supplies 
 
 to schools, section 66, sub-section 2 62 
 
 Forbidden to be concerned in any contract with school boards, sec- 
 tion 66, sub-section 2 62 
 
 Forbidden to discount warrants, section 66, sub-section 3 62 
 
 Forbidden to have interest in contracts for building schoolhouses, 
 material used for same, books, supplies for schools, etc.; ex- 
 ception, punishment, section 66 61 
 
 Guilty of misdemeanor if school boards do not make and publish 
 
 annual statements, section 127 98 
 
 In cities of second class, section 173 134 
 
 Must deliver official papers to successor; penalty for failure, sec- 
 tion 67 63 
 
 Not allowed to teach, regulation 94 165 
 
 Penalties and forfeitures against, how sued for, section 69 63 
 
 Penalty for malfeasance or neglect of duty, section 68 63 
 
 Power of circuit and corporation courts to remove from office, 
 
 section 70 63 
 
 Power of school trustee electoral board to vacate offices, sec- 
 tion 23 27 
 
 See to enforcement of laws and regulations, regulation 76 161 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction may require reports from, 
 
 regulation 1, sub-section 4 141 
 
 Take oath, section 1 t 
 
 Sections 71 and 72 64 
 
 SCHOOL PROPERTY 
 
 Cared for, managed and controlled by district board, section 47, 
 
 sub-section 9 38 
 
 County school board to make provision for fulfilment of purposes 
 
 of donor in case boundaries of district are changed, section 53 40 
 
 District board to make deed for, when, section 38 83 
 
 Exempt from taxation, section 22 13 
 
 Section 137 106 
 
 Section 138 107 
 
 How donations to school district to vest, section 53 40 
 
 In cities, vests in city school board; exception, section 174 135 
 
 Manner of purchasing real estate, sections 54 and 56 41 
 
 Of district, to vest in district board, section 52 40 
 
 Protected, improved, etc., by directors of sub-district, section 65, 
 
 sub-sections 17-7a 60 
 
220 
 
 Sale or exchange of, section 38 33 
 
 Vests in county school board, when, section 37, sub-section 4 .... 31 
 
 SCHOOLS, PUBLIC FREE 
 
 Admission of persons between 20 and 25, section 94 79 
 
 Regulation 91 164 
 
 Agricultural, normal, manual training and technical, section 13.. 11 
 
 Section 89 75 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 6 137 
 
 Any parent or guardian who is taxpayer in city, town or school 
 district, may send his children or wards to schools in said 
 district, when and on what terms, etc., section 92, sub-sec- 
 tion 1 78 
 
 Authorities tor administering system, section 2 15 
 
 Section 170 133 
 
 Consolidation of, provided for, section 86 72 
 
 Regulation 79 162 
 
 District or city school board to make rules for government of, 
 
 section 47, sub-section 1 37 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 1 136 
 
 Disturbing exercises of, how punished, section 148 121 
 
 Efficient system to be established and maintained, section 5 8 
 
 Section 1 15 
 
 Section 170 133 
 
 Section 183 136 
 
 Establishment of high schools not to interfere with elementary 
 
 schools, section 85 72 
 
 Examiners to visit, regulation 9, sub-section 1 145 
 
 Examiners to offer advice as to improving grounds and buildings 
 
 of, regulation 9, sub-section 2 145 
 
 Free to all from seven to twenty residing in district, section 91.. 77 
 
 Graded course of study recommended for, regulation 81 162 
 
 How classified, regulation 80 162 
 
 How number of, determined, section 86 72 
 
 In cities, section 170 135 
 
 Section 183 136 
 
 Income of literary fund devoted to, section 121 95 
 
 Minimum length of daily session, regulation 70 160 
 
 Minimum number to form, section 96 82 
 
 Regulation 88 163 
 
 Mixed, prohibited, section 16 11 
 
 Section 91 77 
 
 Normal training classes in high schools, section 88 74 
 
 Preference to be given to graded schools, section 82 71 
 
 Primary and grammar, must be maintained for five months in 
 order to get State funds for high schools, section 87, sub- 
 section 1 72 
 
 Pupils must attend nearest, ordinarily, section 92, sub-section 3 . . 78- 
 
 Same general regulations for white and colored, section 91 77 
 
221 
 
 School boards in this State may admit children of non-resident 
 taxpayers residing in other States without cost in certain in- 
 stances, section 92, sub-section 2 78 
 
 School boards to visit, section 49, sub-section 10 38 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 11 138 
 
 State board to guard against multiplication of, section 7, sub- 
 section 7 20 
 
 State students State Female Normal school must teach in, sec- 
 tion 151 122 
 
 State students Virginia Military Institute must ' teach in, sec- 
 tion 154 * 122 
 
 State students William and MaVy College must teach in, sec- 
 tion 150 '. 121 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction may appoint persons to visit, 
 
 etc., regulation 1, sub-section 4 141 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction to make tours of inspection 
 
 among, regulation 1, sub-section 5 141 
 
 System to be observed and regulated generally by State Board 
 
 of Education, section 7, sub-section 17 22 
 
 What taught in, section 83 71 
 
 Regulation 81 162 
 
 Regulation 82 162 
 
 SCHOOL TERM 
 
 Five months minimum, section 50 39 
 
 Section 87, sub-section 1 72 
 
 SCHOOL TRUSTEE ELECTORAL BOARD 
 
 A permanent board of appeal, section 23 27 
 
 Appeal to by five interested heads of families, section 27 29 
 
 Appoint school trustees, section 22 27 
 
 Section 49 39 
 
 . Authority over sub-district, section 65, sub-section 2 53 
 
 Chairman of, may administer oath, section 23 27 
 
 Clerk and chairman of, section 21 27 
 
 Clerk of, duties, section 25 28 
 
 Composition of, section 20 26 
 
 Expenses of clerk of, how paid, section 25 28 
 
 How member appointed by circuit judge qualifies, section 20 26 
 
 May declare and fill vacancies, section 23 27 
 
 May impose fines, section 23 27 
 
 May issue summonses and rules, section 23 . . . . .' 27 
 
 May require production of books, papers, etc., section 23 27 
 
 May review action of district board in employing or dismissing 
 
 teacher, section 47, sub-section 2 37 
 
 Meetings and quorum, section 24 28 
 
 Pay of member appointed by circuit judge, section 20 26 
 
 Proceedings of, for removal of trustees, section 23 27 
 
222 
 
 Vacate office of trustee who fails to qualify, section 23 27 
 
 Vacate office of trustee who fails to discharge duties, etc., sec- 
 tion 23 27 
 
 SCHOOL YEAR 
 
 What constitutes, section 47, sub-section 14 38 
 
 Regulation 41 153 
 
 SECOND AUDITOR 
 
 Accountant of literary fund, section 7, sub-section 12 21 
 
 Division superintendents paid by warrants on, section 16 25 
 
 Holds securities belonging to literary fund, section 7, sub-sec- 
 tion 11 , 21 
 
 Section 63, sub-section 4 47 
 
 Holds securities belonging to retired teachers' fund, section 79, 
 
 sub-section 7 68 
 
 Issues warrants for claims allowed by Board of Education, sec- 
 tion 7, sub-section 12 21 
 
 Issues warrants for teachers' pensions, section 79, sub-section 8.. 68 
 
 May require county treasurer to pay past due interest or prin- 
 cipal on loans from literary fund, section 63, sub-section 5 . . 48 
 
 May return list of securities of retired teachers' fund with annual 
 
 report, section 79, sub-section 7 68 
 
 Money belonging to literary fund received into treasury on war- 
 rant of, section 7, sub-section 1.2 21 
 
 Money belonging to retired teachers' fund received into treasury 
 
 on warrant of, section 79, sub-section 6 68 
 
 Must return list of securities with annual report, section 7, sub- 
 section 11 21 
 
 Section 79, sub-section 7 68 
 
 Payment of principal and interest on loans for schoolhouses paid 
 
 through, section 63, sub-section 4 47 
 
 Requisition by county treasurer on, for State money, section 19 .. 26 
 
 Shall receive copy of apportionment of State school fund, regula- 
 tion 1, sub-section 9 142 
 
 State money for high schools turned over to, section 87, sub-sec- 
 tion 4 74 
 
 Teachers' pension paid by warrants on, section 79, sub-section 8.. 68 
 
 SECRETARY STATE BOARD OP EDUCATION 
 
 Certify allowance of claims, section 7, sub-section 12 21 
 
 How nominated, appointed and paid, section 7, sub-section 3 19 
 
 Report delinquent division superintendents to State Board of 
 
 Education, regulation 52 156 
 
 Sign warrants of State Board of Eduation, section 7, sub-sec- 
 tion 14 21 
 
 SENATE 
 
 Confirm appointment division superintendents, section 7, sub- 
 section 1 17 
 
223 
 
 Division superintendent whose nomination has been rejected by, 
 
 may not be appointed, section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Elect members State Board of Education, section 6 8 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 SEPARATE SCHOOL DISTRICT 
 
 Clerk of, his pay, section 175 135 
 
 Council of town may levy district tax, section 126, sub-section 3 . . 96 
 
 Efficient system of schools to be maintained in, section 170 133 
 
 Treasurer of town constituting, required to report state of school 
 finances on December 1; penalty if report not made, sec- 
 tion 107 87 
 
 Trustees of, appointed by town council, unless district includes 
 
 territory outside of corporate limits, section 49 39 
 
 Trustees of, members of county school board, section 31 30 
 
 Towns of more than five hundred inhabitants may constitute, 
 
 section 49 39 
 
 SPECIAL ELECTIONS 
 
 For bond issue, how canvassed, certified and recorded, section 64, 
 
 sub-section 7 51 
 
 For J>ond issue, how ordered, conducted and paid for, section 64, 
 
 sub-sections 5 and 6 50 
 
 For bond issue, who eligible to vote, section 64, sub-section 8.... 52 
 
 For free school purposes generally, sections 163 and 164 127 
 
 Regulation 98 167 
 
 For increase in school levies, section 126, sub-section 3 96 
 
 Regulation 98 167 
 
 STATE ACCOUNTANT 
 
 Inspects, etc., accounts of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
 
 appendix, section 1 174 
 
 STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 Adopt by-laws, section 7, sub-section 4 19 
 
 Annual report of examiners to, regulation 6, sub-section 1 144 
 
 Appoint division superintendents, section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Appoint State Library Board, section 8 -^r I O 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 16 22 
 
 Appropriation by State for demonstration work under United 
 
 Agricultural Board, section 168, sub-section 4 131 
 
 Appropriation by State for libraries, section 141 114 
 
 Approve appointment first and second clerk and other employees 
 
 and fix their salaries, section 7, sub-section 3 19 
 
 Approve list of books for school libraries, section 144 119 
 
 Approve or amend plan of organization and conduct of summer 
 
 schools and audit accounts of same, section 7, sub-section 8 . . 20 
 Approve or amend State school fund apportionments, section 7, 
 
 sub-section 13 . 21 
 
224 
 
 Approve regulations and circulars of examiners, regulation 36.... 152 
 
 Audit and allow claims paid out of literary fund, section 7, sub- 
 section 11 21 
 
 Authority and duties in sub-districts, section 65, sub-sections 17, 
 
 9a and 19 60 
 
 Authority and duties of, in pensioning teachers, section 79 69 
 
 Authorized to loan from literary fund to school boards, section 63, 
 
 sub-sections 1 and 8 47 
 
 Authorized to use part of general fund for summer schools, sec- 
 tion 81, sub-section 2 71 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Composition of, section 6 8 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 Control and veto power over board of visitors of Virginia Normal 
 
 and Industrial Institute, section 158 125 
 
 Control Laurel Reformatory School, section 166 128 
 
 Control Negro Reformatory School, section 167 129 
 
 Copies of decision to be preserved, regulation 1, sub-section 7.... 142 
 
 Decide appeals from Superintendent of Public Instruction, section 
 
 7, sub-section 9 20 
 
 Regulation 1, sub-section 6 141 
 
 Decision on appeals final, regulation 1, sub-section 6 141 
 
 Delinquent division superintendents to be reported to, regula- 
 tion 52 156 
 
 Designate high schools in which normal training given, section 88 74 
 
 Determine necessary contingent expenses office Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction, examine accounts thereof and issue war- 
 rants, section 7, sub-section 14 21 
 
 Determine rate of tuition for non-resident children, when, regula- 
 tion 90 , . . 164 
 
 Distributive statement of State school funds under direction of, 
 
 section 122 95 
 
 Divide State into school divisions, section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Division superintendent to give notice to, of establishment of 
 
 high school, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Division superintendents to see that laws, etc., of, are enforced, 
 
 regulation 50 155 
 
 Duties 'under United Agricultural Board, section 168 129 
 
 Enter into contract with publishers of text-books; terms and 
 
 conditions; bond of publishers, section 7, sub-section 6 19 
 
 Examiners directly responsible to and may be removed by, regula- 
 tion 5 144 
 
 Examiners to attend meetings of, when requested, regulation 6, 
 
 sub-section 3 144 
 
 Expenses of certain members of, how paid, section 7, sub-sec- 
 tion 20 22 
 
 Guard against multiplication of schools, section 7, sub-section 7.. 20 
 
 Have power to distribute State money for high schools, section 
 
 87, sub-section 4 74 
 
225 
 
 Have general management of summer schools, section 81, sub- 
 section 4 71 
 
 Have management and investment of literary and school funds, 
 
 section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 11 21 
 
 Section 121 95 
 
 Inspect registered colleges, etc., regulation 108 169 
 
 Issue warrants on Second Auditor for high school money, section 
 
 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Keep certificates of West Virginia's share of debt, section 8 22 
 
 List of eligibles for, nominated by beards of visitors and elected 
 
 by senate, section 6 8 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 Make regulations for admission of children from adjoining dis- 
 tricts, section 91 78 
 
 Regulations 89 and 90 164 
 
 Make regulations for admission of pupils between twenty and 
 
 twenty-five, section 94 78 
 
 Regulations 91 and 92 164 
 
 May aid more than one high school in each district, section 87, 
 
 sub-section 3 73 
 
 May appoint agents for collection of claims or debts due literary 
 
 fund, section 6 17 
 
 Regulation 99 167 
 
 May appropriate from $250 to $400 for each high school, section 
 
 87, sub-sections 3 and 4 73 
 
 May grant relief if sub-district law injurious, section 65, sub- 
 section 21 61 
 
 May make rules and regulations to carry out pension law for 
 
 teachers, section 79, sub-section 13 70 
 
 May not appoint as division superintendent one whose nomina- 
 tion has been rejected by senate, section 7, sub-section 1 .... 17 
 
 May prescribe duties for city school boards, section 183, sub- 
 section 15 139 
 
 May relax requirement that a school be run for five months in 
 
 order to participate in State fund, section 50 39 
 
 May remove division superintendents, section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 15 22 
 
 Meetings of, section 4 16 
 
 Members of, to have no interest in books, supplies for schools, 
 
 etc., exception, section 66 61 
 
 Must approve list of books for traveling school libraries, section 
 
 144 119 
 
 Must approve traveling expenses Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction, section 141 114 
 
 Must be satisfied district school board has good title in fee before 
 
 making loan from literary fund, section 63, sub-section 6.... 48 
 
 Must give Auditor itemized statement of appropriations to high 
 
 schools, section 87, sub-section 4 74 
 
226 
 
 Must provide for equitable distribution of money loaned from 
 
 literary fund, section 63, sub-section 7 48- 
 
 Must take measures to secure proper expenditure of money loaned 
 
 from literary fund for school-houses, section 63, sub-section 6 48 
 
 Oaths of members, how taken, entered and returned, section 3 . . 15 
 Observe and regulate public school system generally, section 7, 
 
 sub-section 17 22 
 
 Order census of voters taken in certain instances, section 7, sub- 
 section 10 20 
 
 Powers and duties of, section 8 
 
 Section 7 17 
 
 Section 170 133 
 
 Prescribe duties of examiners, regulation 6, sub-section 2 144 
 
 Prescribe duties of division superintendents, section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 1 17 
 
 Prescribe duties of Superintendent of Public Instruction, section 7 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 2 18 
 
 Section 14 24 
 
 Prescribe normal courses in high schools, section 88 74 
 
 Prescribe regulations for election for school purposes, section 168 127 
 
 Regulation 98 ; . 167 
 
 Prescribe regulations for high schools and requirements of admis- 
 sion for resident and non-resident pupils, section 87, sub-sec- 
 tion 2 73 
 
 Regulations 89 and 90 164 
 
 Prescribe standard for high schools, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
 Prescribe rules and regulations for demonstration and extension 
 work of agricultural, etc., high schools, section 89, sub-sec- 
 tion 5 76 
 
 Prescribe rules and regulations for libraries, section 144 119 
 
 Provide for examination of teachers by State Board of Examiners 
 
 and inspection of schools by inspectors, section 7, sub-section 5 19 
 
 Regulation 5 144 
 
 Punish division superintendents, section 7, sub-section 15 22 
 
 Quorum, section 3 16 
 
 Records of proceedings, section 5 16 
 
 Regulations of, concerning books, kept in each school room, 
 
 regulation 86 163 
 
 Regulations of, concerning elections, regulation 98 167 
 
 Report to General Assembly biennially, section 7, sub-section 18 22 
 
 Rules and regulations of, to have force of law, section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 4 19 
 
 Secretary of, section 7, sub-section 3 19 
 
 Select text-books and educational appliances, section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 6 19 
 
 Section 83 71 
 
 Regulation 84 162 
 
 Select text-books on moral education, section 83 71 
 
 Shall cause high schools to be inspected before appropriating 
 
 State money to same, section 87, sub-section 3 73 
 
227 
 
 Shall make all needful rules and regulations, section 8 $ 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 4 19 
 
 Suggest improvements to General Assembly, section 7, sub-sec- 
 tion 17 22 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction ex-omcio president of, sec- 
 tion 7 9 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction to offer suggestions to, 
 
 regulation 1, sub-section 11 142 
 
 Terms of members, section 3 15 
 
 Vacancies in, how filled, section 6 8 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 STATE BOARD OF EXAMINERS AND INSPECTORS 
 
 Advise and council trustees, regulation 8, sub-section 3 145 
 
 Advise division superintendents in reference to location and erec- 
 tion of buildings, regulation 7, sub-section 4 145 
 
 Aid division superintendent in lengthening terms, increasing 
 
 teachers' salaries, etc., regulation 7, sub-section 3 144 
 
 Appeal to, when certificate revoked, regulation 32 152 
 
 Appointed, paid and duties prescribed by State Board of Educa- 
 tion, section 7, sub-section 5 19 
 
 Regulation 5 , 144 
 
 Assist division superintendent in meetings and eliciting public 
 
 interest, regulation 7, sub-section 2 144 
 
 Attend meetings of State Board of Education when requested, 
 
 regulation 6, sub-section 3 144 
 
 Certificates of, how graded and facts stated therein, regulation 16 
 
 (See Certificates) 147 
 
 Circuits of, established and counties of each, regulation 2 143 
 
 Co-operate with and aid division superintendents, regulation 7, 
 
 sub-section 1 144 
 
 Designate point to which examination papers forwarded, regula- 
 tion 14 146 
 
 Directly responsible to State Board of Education, regulation 5.. 144 
 
 Division superintendent must report to Superintendent of Public 
 
 Instruction refusal to endorse certificate of, regulation 31 152 
 
 Duties of, regulation 6 144 
 
 Employed and may be removed by State Board of Education, 
 
 regulation 5 144 
 
 Encourage trustees to hold meetings of patrons, regulation 8, sub- 
 section 2 145 
 
 Examine, value, etc., examination papers, acting together, regula- 
 tion 14 146 
 
 Fix time for examinations, regulation 12 145 
 
 Regulation 15 146 
 
 Forward papers after valuation to Department of Public Instruc- 
 tion, regulation 14 146 
 
 Full authority in holding examinations given to, etc., regula- 
 tion 37 . 152 
 
228 
 
 Hold conferences with and stimulate trustees, regulation 8, sub- 
 section 1 145 
 
 Issue certificates directly to teachers, section 74 65 
 
 Regulation 14 (See Certificates) 145 
 
 Make annual report to State Board of Educaiton through Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, regulation 6, sub-section 1 .... 144 
 
 Make special reports to Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
 
 regulation 6, sub-section 2 144 
 
 May pass regulations and issue circulars, when, regulation 36.... 152 
 
 Offer advice as to improving and beautifying school grounds and 
 
 buildings, regulation 9, sub-section 2 145 
 
 Perform duties required by Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 
 or State Board of Education, regulation 6, sub-section 2 .... 144 
 
 Prepare examination questions, forward under seal, etc., regula- 
 tion 12 145 
 
 Prescribe courses of reading, regulation 10 145 
 
 Regulation 35 , 152 
 
 Prescribe preliminary forms for examination, regulation 13 145 
 
 Prescribe regulations and safeguards for examinations, regula- 
 tion 12 145 
 
 Regulations and circulars of, must be approved by State Board 
 
 of Education, or, etc., regulation 36 152 
 
 Salaries and expenses, regulation 4 143 
 
 Terms of office of members of, regulation 3 143 
 
 Transmit to Department of Public Instruction duplicate list of 
 
 applicants with results of examination, regulation 14 146 
 
 Visit and inspect the high schools, regulation 9, sub-section 3.... 145 
 
 Visit schools, note work of same and advise division superin- 
 tendents, regulation 9, sub-section 1 145 
 
 When preliminary forms for examinations forwarded to, regula- 
 tion 13 145 
 
 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH 
 
 Authority and duties of in pensioning teachers, section 79, sub- 
 section 2 67 
 
 May adopt and enforce rules and regulations for sanitation of 
 
 schools, penalty for violating same, section 59 44 
 
 Regulations of in regard to school rooms, their size and condition, 
 sweeping, disinfecting, drinking water, glasses, cups, dippers, 
 closets and outhouses, section 60 45 
 
 STATE BOARD OF INSPECTORS FOR BUILDINGS 
 
 Referred to, section 58 43 
 
 STATE FEMALE NORMAL SCHOOL 
 
 Collegiate certificate to graduates of, regulation 21 149 
 
 First grade certificate to graduate in certificate course of, regula- 
 tion 17, sub-section e 148 
 
 Full normal professional certificate to graduates of, regulation 115 172 
 
 
229 
 
 Loans to Virginia students in, section 142 117 
 
 Member of faculty eligible to position on State Board of Educa- 
 tion, section 6 9 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 President or chairman of, to make annual report to Superintend- 
 ent of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 Professional certificate to graduates of, regulation 21 149 
 
 Professional elementary certificate for work in, regulation 109 170 
 
 State students of, must teach in Virginia, section 151 122 
 
 State students, how selected, expenses, etc., section 151 122 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction member of Board of, sec- 
 tion 13 24 
 
 STATE LIBRARY BOARD 
 
 Appointed by State Board of Education, section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 16 22 
 
 STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR WOMEN AT 
 
 FREDERICKSB URG 
 
 First grade certificate to graduate in certificate course of, regula- 
 tion 17, sub-section e 148 
 
 Full normal professional certificate to graduates of, regulation 115 172 
 President or chairman of, to make annual report to Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 Professional certificate to graduates of, regulation 21 149 
 
 Professional elementary certificate for work in, regulation 109.. 170 
 State students of, must teach in Virginia, appendix, section 2 .... 174 
 State students of, how selected, expenses, etc., appendix, section 2 174 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction member of Board of, sec- 
 tion 13 24 
 
 STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR WOMEN AT 
 
 HARRISONBURG 
 
 First grade certificate to graduate in certificate course of, regula- 
 tion 17, sub-section e 148 
 
 Full normal professional certificate to graduates of, regulation 115 172 
 President or chairman of, to make annual report to Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 Professional certificate to graduates of, regulation 21 149 
 
 Professional elementary certificate for work in, regulation 109.. 170 
 State students of, must teach in Virginia, appendix, section 2 .... 174 ' 
 State students of, how selected, expenses, etc., appendix, section 2 174 , 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction member of Board of, sec- 
 tion 13 24 v 
 
 STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR WOMEN AT 
 RADFORD 
 
 First grade certificate to graduate in certificate course of, regula- 
 tion 17, sub-section e 148 
 
 Full normal professional certificate to graduates of, regulation 115 172 
 
230 
 
 President or chairman of, to make annual report to Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 Professional certificate to graduates of, regulation 21 149 
 
 State students of, must teach in Virginia, appendix, section 2 174 
 
 State students of, how selected, expenses, etc., appendix, section 3 175 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction member of Board of, sec- 
 tion 13 24 
 
 STATE REFORMATORY 
 See Laurel Reformatory. 
 
 See Negro Reformatory. 
 
 
 
 STATE SCHOOL FUNDS 
 
 Apportioned on basis of school population, section 11 10 
 
 Section 126, sub-section 1 96 
 
 Apportioned separately to cities, section 180 136 
 
 How paid over to counties and cities, section 19 26 
 
 Section 122 95 
 
 How residue of, distributed, section 125 96 
 
 Not to be paid until provision made to keep schools open five 
 
 months, etc., section 50 39 
 
 Section 61 46 
 
 Of what composed, section 11 10 
 
 Sections 119, 120 and 121 94 
 
 Section 126, sub-section 1 96 
 
 Salaries of division superintendents paid out of, section 16 25 
 
 Unexpended, may be returned for redivision, section 110 89 
 
 .Used exclusively for pay of teachers in primary and grammar 
 
 grades, section 11 10 
 
 Section 126 96 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Regulation 73 160 
 
 Warrants drawn on, to be paid by treasurer, section 123 96 
 
 See also School Funds. 
 
 STATE STUDENTS 
 
 Bonds of State cadets at Virginia Military Institute for board 
 
 and tuition, how discharged, section 154 123 
 
 Due notice of vacancy at Virginia Normal and Industrial Insti- 
 tute to be given, section 157 124 
 
 Due notice of vacancy in cadetship at Virginia Military Institute 
 
 to be given, section 153 122 
 
 Loan fund for, section 130a 
 
 Of Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, how selected, 
 
 etc., section 159 125 
 
 Of State Female Normal School, how appointed, etc., section 151.. 122 
 
 Of State Female Normal School, must teach in Virginia, section 
 
 151 122 
 
 Of State Normal and Industrial Schools for Women at Fredericks- 
 burg and Harrisonburg, appendix, section 2 174 
 
231 
 
 Of State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Radford, 
 
 appendix, section 3 175 
 
 Of State Normal Schools at Predericksburg, Harrisonburg and 
 
 Radford must teach in Virginia, appendix, sections 2 and 3 . . 174 
 
 Of University of Virginia, how admitted, etc., section 152 122 
 
 Of Virginia Military Institute, how admitted, etc., section 153 122 
 
 Of Virginia Military Institute, must teach in Virginia, section 154 123 
 Of Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, how appointed, etc., 
 
 section 157 124 
 
 Of Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, must teach, etc., 
 
 section 157 124 
 
 Of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, how selected, etc., section 155 . . 123 
 
 Of William and Mary College, how appointed, etc., section 150.. 121 
 
 Of William and Mary College, must teach in Virginia, section 150 121 
 
 STUDIES 
 
 Determined by city school board, section 183, sub-section 2 137 
 
 What taught in schools, section 47, sub-section 15 39 
 
 Section 83 71 
 
 Sections 84 and 85 72 
 
 Sections 88 and 89 74 
 
 Section 1 83, sub-section 6 137 
 
 Regulations 81 and 82 162 
 
 SUB-DISTRICTS 
 
 Act of district board or boards in establishing or altering sub- 
 district must be approved by Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction, section 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 Section 65, sub-section 2 53 
 
 A misdemeanor for certain officers to refuse to comply with sub- 
 division law, section 65, sub-section 20 60 
 
 Annual meetings, section 65, sub-section 14 56 
 
 Section 65, sub-section 17-2a 59 
 
 Area set off for each schoolhouse a sub-district, section 65, sub- 
 section 1 52 
 
 Auditing and payment of claims against, by directors, section 
 
 65, sub-section 17-4a 59 
 
 Boundaries for each schoolhouse, section 65. sub-section 1 52 
 
 By-laws and methods of voting, section 65, sub-section 7 55 
 
 Division superintendent may take part in meetings, but not vote, 
 
 section 65, sub-section 16 56 
 
 Directors contract with teachers in reference to supplementary 
 salary and provide for other expenditures of sub-district 
 funds, section 65, sub-section 17 -3a 59 
 
 Directors make, observe and explain rules of, section 65, sub- 
 section 17-la 59 
 
 Directors of, a corporation, section 65, sub-section 9 55 
 
 Directors of, must be able to read and write, section 65, sub- 
 section 12 . 56 
 
232 
 
 Directors to determine length of school session in, section 65, 
 
 sub-section 17-6a 60 
 
 Directors to look after school property in, section 65, sub-section 
 
 17-7a 60 
 
 Directors to report to division superintendents of schools, section 
 
 65, sub-section 17-8a 60 
 
 Directors to visit schools of, section 65, sub-section 17-5a 60 
 
 Election of officers and filling vacancies, section 65, sub-section 10 55 
 
 For white and colored considered separate although overlapping, 
 
 section 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 How numbered for colored children, section 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 How numbered for white children, section 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 If operation of law injurious, county school board may apply to 
 
 State Board of Education for relief, section 65, sub-section 21 61 
 
 Law does not interfere with duties and authority of division 
 superintendent, and when not applicable to cities or separate 
 districts, section 65, sub-section 18 60 
 
 Law must be adopted by county school board, section 65, sub- 
 section 21 61 
 
 Location of primary schoolhouse in sub-district composed of parts 
 of more than one district or county must be approved by 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, section 65, sub-section 2 53 
 
 May be adopted by any county, section 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 Section 65, sub-section 21 61 
 
 May be changed, section 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 May include parts of two or more districts or counties, section 
 
 65, sub-section 2 53 
 
 Meeting of citizens of, for organization, election of directors, etc., 
 
 section 65, sub-section 4 54 
 
 Must be recorded by clerk of county, section 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 No children outside of, admitted except upon permits, section 65, 
 
 sub-section 3 53 
 
 Officers of, section 65, sub-section 6 54 
 
 Section 65, sub-section 8 55 
 
 Officers of, guilty of misdemeanor if they fail to comply with sub- 
 district law, section 65, sub-section 20 60 
 
 Only colored persons to vote in meeting of colored sub-district, 
 
 section 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 Only white persons vote in meeting of white sub-district, sec- 
 
 tion 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 Powers and duties of directors of, section 65, sub-section 17 57 
 
 Quorum, section 65, sub-section 6 54 
 
 Section 65, sub-section 14 56 
 
 Salaries of officers of, section 65, sub-section 8 55 
 
 Secretary of, must report to district school board, section 65, 
 
 sub-section 11 56 
 
 Special meetings, how called, section 65, sub-sections 13 and 15.. 56 
 
 Section 65, sub-section 17-2a 5!) 
 
 Sub-district tax, how levied, assessed and collected, section 65, 
 
 sub-section 17 57 
 
233 
 
 Sub-district treasurer given same powers and subject to similar 
 penalties and methods of redress as county treasurer, section 
 65, sub-section 17 57 
 
 Under supervision of district and county school boards and school 
 
 trustee electoral board, section 65, sub-section 2 53 
 
 Warrants on funds of, section 65, sub-section 17-4a 59' 
 
 Who may vote and be school officers in, section 65, sub-section 5 . . 54 
 
 SUMMER NORMAL SCHOOLS 
 
 Accounts of, how audited and paid, section 7, sub-section 8 20 
 
 Annual appropriation for, section 81, sub-section 2 7(k 
 
 Section 141 114* 
 
 Applicants for certificates in, limited in class periods, regulation 
 
 113 172 : 
 
 At what time and for how long held, section 81, sub-section 5 . . 71 
 
 Certificates secured by attendance on courses in, regulation 109 17Q> 
 
 Regulations 111 and 112 171 
 
 Effect of attendance on, in dividing examination, regulation 27 . . 151 
 
 How applicants for examination at, numbered, regulation 13 145 
 
 How money appropriated for, paid out, section 81, sub-section 5 . . 71 
 
 Instruction in certain, restricted to subject matter, regulation 114 172 
 Intended for showing advanced methods of teaching and to give 
 
 additional academic training, section 81, sub-section 3 71, 
 
 Not less than eight to be held, section 81, sub-section 2 70 
 
 Plan of, how fixed and approved or amended, section 7, sub-sec- 
 tion 8 20 
 
 Professional elementary certificate by courses in, regulation 109.. 170 
 Professional first grade certificate to colored teachers by courses 
 
 in, regulation 115 172: 
 
 Professors of Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute must con- 
 duct a, section 157, sub-section 3 125 
 
 Special certificate by courses in, regulation 111 171 
 
 Summer school professional certificate by courses in, regula- 
 tion 112 171 
 
 Supervised and controlled by Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion under general management of State Board of Education, 
 
 section 81, sub-section 4 71 
 
 Teachers should attend, regulation 97 16& 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 
 
 Accounts of inspected, etc., by State accountant, appendix, sec- 
 tion 1 17* 
 
 Annual report of, regulation 1, sub-section 11 142: 
 
 Annual report of State Board of Examiners to, regulation 6, sub- 
 section 1 141 
 
 Annual report to, from division superintendents, regulation 41 . . 155 
 Annual reports to, from presidents and chairmen of State institu- 
 tions, section 160 125- 
 
 Annual statement of students' loan fund to, section 142, sub- 
 section 4 11& 
 
234 
 
 Appeal from division superintendents to, etc., regulation 55 .... 156 
 
 Appeals from, to whom and how decided, regulation 1, sub-sec- 
 tion 6 141 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 9 20 
 
 Approve regulations and circulars of examiners, regulation 36 . . 152 
 
 Authorized to employ attorneys and agents to collect fines, regula- 
 tion 99 . 167 
 
 Chief executive of public school system, regulation 1 141 
 
 Decisions final unless reversed by State Board of Education, 
 
 regulation 1, sub-section 2 141 
 
 Determine true intent and meaning of school laws and regulations 
 
 and explain same to school officials, regulation 1, sub-section 2 141 
 
 Distribute residue of State funds, if more than approximate state- 
 ment of Auditor, section 125 96 
 
 Distributive statement of State school funds by, section 122 95 
 
 .Division superintendent to see that decisions of, are enforced, 
 
 regulation 50 155 
 
 Duties of, regulation 1 141 
 
 Duties of, prescribed by State Board of Education, section 7 . . 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 2 18 
 
 Section 14 24 
 
 Examination papers forwarded to office of, regulation 14 146 
 
 % . Ex-officio president State Board of Education, section 7 9 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 Section 14 24 
 
 :Fix time of opening summer schools, section 81, sub-section 5 . . 71 
 ' ~:Furnish blanks for treasurer's reports of December 1st, on school 
 
 finances, section 107 87 
 
 "Furnish forms for school census, section 41 35 
 
 Guilty of misdemeanor if he does not comply with sub-district 
 
 law, section 65, sub-section 20 60 
 
 How elected, term of office, how vacancy filled, section 7 9 
 
 Section 9 22 
 
 Make tours of inspection among schools of State, regulation 1, 
 
 sub-section 5 141 
 
 "May appoint persons to visit and examine public schools, regu- 
 lation 1, sub-section 4 141 
 
 -May appoint trustee as temporary division superintendent, regula- 
 tion 61 158 
 
 May compromise or adjust fines, regulation 99 167 
 
 May fix minimum average daily attendance at ten, when, regula- 
 tion 87 163 
 
 May give directions to, and require special reports from, division 
 
 superintendents, regulation 41 153 
 
 May require county treasurer to pay past due interest or prin- 
 cipal on loans from literary fund, section 63, sub-section 5 . . 48 
 
 Member of boards of visitors, section 13 24 
 
 Member State Board of Education, section 6 8 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
235 
 
 Member United Agricultural Board, section 168 129 
 
 Must approve establishment or alteration of sub-districts, sec- 
 tion 65, sub-section 1 52 
 
 Must approve location of primary schoolhouse in sub-district com- 
 posed of more than one district or county, section 65, sub- 
 section 2 53 
 
 Must approve plans and specifications and loan in case of houses 
 built in part by loans from literary fund, section 63, sub-sec- 
 tion 3 47 
 
 Must be experienced educator, section 7 9 
 
 Section 9 22 
 
 Must give bond, section 10 23 
 
 Must take oath, section 9 22 
 
 Name, number and boundaries of districts to be reported to, 
 
 section 48 39 
 
 Section 172 134 
 
 Nominate first and second clerk and other employees, section 7, 
 
 sub-section 3 19 
 
 Offer suggestions to Board of Education and General Assembly, 
 
 regulation 1, sub-section 11 142 
 
 Prepare apportionment of State school funds, section 7, sub-sec- 
 tion 13 21 
 
 Regulation 1, sub-section 9 142 
 
 Prepare blanks for annual report of "examiners, regulation 6, sub- 
 section 1 144 
 
 Prepare forms for annual reports of district, boards, section 47 
 
 sub-section 14 39 
 
 Prepare registers, blank forms, etc., regulation 1, sub-section 3 .. 141 
 
 Prepare registers of applicants to teach for losal superintendents, 
 
 regulation 38 153 
 
 Prepare school registers, section 77 66 
 
 Regulation 1, sub-section 3 141 
 
 Prescribe duties of examiners, regulation 6, sub-section 2 144 
 
 Prescribe form of contract with teachers, section 78 66 
 
 Provide cards, etc., for testing sight and hearing of pupils, sec- 
 tion 99 83 
 
 Reports to, from county school boards on disbursement of school 
 
 funds, section 124 96 
 
 Require of division superintendent and school officials reports, 
 
 etc., regulation 1, sub-section 4 141 
 
 Regulation 41 153 
 
 Results of examinations forwarded to office of, regulation 14 146 
 
 Salary, section 9 22 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Shall preserve copies of his own decisions and those of State 
 
 Board of Education, regulation 1, sub-section 7 142 
 
 Shall preserve documents and books of his office, regulation 1, 
 
 sub-section 8 14-2 
 
 Shall provide official seal, regulation 1, sub-section 10 142 
 
236 
 
 Sign warrants of State Board of Education, section 7, sub-sec- 
 tion 14 21 
 
 Special reports by examiners to, regulation 6, sub-section 2 144 
 
 Supervise summer schools, choose their places and instructors 
 and regulate their course of instruction, section 7, sub-sec- 
 tion 8 20 
 
 Section 81, sub-section 4 71 
 
 Take care that school laws and regulations are execi'+ed, regula- 
 tion 1, sub-section 1 141 
 
 Traveling expenses, section 9 22 
 
 Section 141 114 
 
 Use means to promote cause of education among the people, regula- 
 tion 1, sub-section 1 141 
 
 Where oath of office recorded, section 73 64 
 
 SUSPENSION 
 
 Of division superintendent, section 7, sub-section 15 22 
 
 Of pupils, section 47, sub-section 3 . 37 
 
 Section 80 70 
 
 Section 97 82 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 4 137 
 
 TAXATION 
 
 Additional, in sub-district, section 65, ^lib-section 17. 57 
 
 Amount of local, to be submitted to people, when, section 126, 
 
 sub-section 3 9 
 
 Annual tax in addition to levy to pay interest and principal of 
 
 bonds, section 129 100 
 
 Capitation, for school purposes, section 139, sub-section b 109 
 
 City school taxes, how levied or appropriated, section 178 136 
 
 Section 173 134 
 
 County and distript school taxes, how levied and at what rate, 
 
 section 126, sub-section 3 96 
 
 Section 128, sub-section 2 100 
 
 Dog tax may be devoted to schools, section 126, sub-section 3 .... 96 
 
 Section 132, sub-section 3 101 
 
 General Assembly may authorize additional local capitation tax 
 
 for schools, section 21 12 
 
 How school taxes collected, held and disbursed, sections 100 
 
 and 102 84 
 
 Of shares of bank stock for schools, section 128, sub-section 2 . . 100 
 
 Sections 183 and 134 103 
 
 Of oysters for schools, section 128, sub-section 2 100 
 
 Section 135 104 
 
 Part of State capitation tax devoted to schools, section 21 12 
 
 School, how assessed, section 130 100 
 
 Section 131 101 
 
 School, etc., property exempt; exceptions, section 22 13 
 
 Section 137 . 106 
 
237 
 
 Section 138 10? 
 
 School, separately assessed and paid in money, section 140 114 
 
 State school, of bank stock, section 139, sub-sections e and f 109 
 
 State school, of express, steamship, etc, companies, section 139, 
 
 sub-section i 112 
 
 State school, of insurance, guarantee, etc., companies, section 139, 
 
 sub-section g HO 
 
 State school, of intangible personalty, section 139, sub-section d . . 109 
 State school, of railway and canal companies, section 139, sub-sec- 
 
 . tion h Ill 
 
 State school, of real estate, section, 139, sub-section a 109 
 
 State school, of sleeping cars, etc., companies, section 139, sub- 
 section j 113 
 
 State school, of tangible personalty, section 139, sub-section c . . . . 105) 
 State school, of telegraph, telephone, etc., companies, section 139, 
 
 sub-section k 113 
 
 Uniform and levied under general laws, section 19 12 
 
 When taxes due; penalty, etc., section 103 85 
 
 TEACHERS 
 
 Adults admitted into schools must present permit to, regulation 
 
 91 164 
 
 Adult pupils must submit to authority of, regulation 92 165 
 
 Annual summer school at Virginia Normal and Industrial Insti- 
 tute for benefit of colored, section 157, sub-section 3 124 
 
 Appeals by, regulation 55 156 
 
 Brother, sister, wife, son, or daughter of trustee may not teach, 
 
 section 47, sub-section 2 37 
 
 .Section 183, sub-section 2 137 
 
 Regulation 94 165 
 
 Certificates of, to be approved by division superintendent, section 
 
 74 65 
 
 Certificates of, when issued by division superintendent, section 74 65 
 Certificates of, when issued by State Board of Examiners, sec- 
 tion 74 65 
 
 Certificates to (See Certificates), regulations 17-28 147 
 
 Certificates to (See Certificates), regulations 104-116 169 
 
 Contracts with, how executed, regulation 65a 173 
 
 Contracts with, shall provide for deductions for pensions, section 
 
 79, sub-section 4 67 
 
 County and State funds used exclusively for pay of, regulation 73 160 
 
 Deduction from pay of, for days lost, regulation 87 163 
 
 District school board to aid, in maintaining discipline, regula- 
 tion 78 161 
 
 District school board to report to division superintendent con- 
 tracts with, regulation 68 159 
 
 Division of examinations by, for certificates, regulation 27 151 
 
 Division superintendent in cities may teach, section 182 136 
 
 Effect of attendance upon a State summer institute in enabling, to 
 
 divide examinations, regulation 27 151 
 
238 
 
 Election of, by district board, subject to -appeal, etc., section 47, 
 
 sub-section 2 31 
 
 Regulation 65 158 
 
 Election of, by patrons, procedure, etc., regulation 69 159 
 
 Examiners to aid in efforts to increase pay of, regulation 7, sub- 
 section 3 144 
 
 Examiners to hold examinations, issue certificates and prescribe 
 
 courses of reading for,/ regulation 10 145 
 
 Examiners to note work of, regulation 9, sub-section 1 145 
 
 Examinations for teachers' certificates, regulation 13 145 
 
 First grade certificates of, issued by division superintendents, 
 
 status of, regulation 17, sub-section d 14^ 
 
 How employed and dismissed, section 47, sub-section 2 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 3 137 
 
 Regulation 65 158 
 
 How penalty imposed upon, sued for, section 69 63 
 
 In case of suspension must report facts to district school board 
 
 and parent or guardian, section 80 70 
 
 Regulation 94 165 
 
 Keep separate records of permits to, and tuition of, pupils be- 
 tween twenty and twenty-five, regulation 93 165 
 
 Make monthly, term, and special reports, regulation 97 166 
 
 Malfeasance or neglect of duty of, penalty for, section 68 63 
 
 M'ay be assigned and reassigned by division superintendent in 
 
 cities, regulation 62 158 
 
 May inflict reasonable penalties, regulation 96 165 
 
 May suspend pupils until case decided by school board, section 80 70 
 
 Regulation 96 165 
 
 / Meetings of, to be encouraged, section 81, sub-section 1 70 
 
 Regulation 58 157 
 
 Must be elected and terms of contract with, fixed at regular or 
 
 called meeting of board, regulation 65 158 
 
 Regulation 1 20 173 
 
 M'ust hold certificates, section 47, sub-section 2 37 
 
 Section 74 65 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 3 137 
 
 Regulation 66 158 
 
 Must not engage substitutes or close school without consent of dis- 
 trict school board, regulation 97 166 
 
 Must require of children cleanliness and good behavior at school 
 
 and on the way thither and back to their homes, section 97 .. 82 
 
 Regulation 96 165 
 
 Must keep posted price list of text-books, regulation 86 163 
 
 Must keep register and deliver same to clerk, section 77 66 
 
 Regulation 95 165 
 
 Notified by division superintendent of school holidays, regulation 74 161 
 Not to have interest in books, supplies, etc., to schools or act as 
 
 agent for same, section 66 61 
 
 One institute for, yearly in each division, regulation 58 . 157 
 
239 
 
 Pay of, not affected by average attendance, when, section 75 .... 65 
 
 Pensions for retired, section 79 66 
 
 Pensions for those retired between 1902 and 1908, section 79, sub- 
 section 10% 70 
 
 Principal of each school to have patrons' day, regulation 59 .... 157 
 
 Purpose of summer school in training of, section 81, sub-section 3 71 
 Relief of, from loss of pay on account of low attendance, when, 
 
 section 76 66 
 
 Requirements for teachers of higher branches, regulation 24 150 
 Same law for those in city and town as in county, unless other- 
 wise provided, section 170 133 
 
 School of, may be closed before expiration of contract, regulation 
 
 71 161 
 
 Should exert themselves to establish libraries, improvement 
 
 leagues, etc., regulation 97 166 
 
 Should hold a patrons' day yearly, regulation 97 166 
 
 Should improve themselves by study, attending teachers' meetings, 
 
 summer schools, etc., regulation 97 166 
 
 Should visit patrons, regulation 97 166 
 
 Should see that schoolhouses are kept clean, etc., regulation 97 166 
 State students of State Female Normal school must teach in 
 
 Virginia, section 151 122 
 
 State students of William and Mary College must teach in Vir- 
 ginia, section 150 121 
 
 State students of Virginia Military Institute must teach in Vir- 
 ginia, section 154 123 
 
 State students of Virginia Noimal rnd Industrial Institute must 
 
 teach, section 157 124 
 
 Successful experience of, considered on examination and in issuing 
 
 or extending certificates, regulations 16, 17 and 18 147 
 
 Regulation 26 150 
 
 Regulations 104 and 105 169 
 
 Regulation 112 171 
 
 Sundry duties of, regulation 97 166 
 
 Superintendent to see to application of money set apart for pay 
 
 of, regulation 43 154 
 
 Time of opening and closing school stated in contract with, regu- 
 lation 70 !') 
 
 Unlawful to purchase warrants of, at less than face value, section 
 
 66, sub-section 3 62 
 
 When and how salary of, fixed, regulation 68 159 
 
 When placed on retired teachers' list and pensioned, section 79 .. 66 
 
 Who may not teach, section 47, sub-section 2 47 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 3 137 
 
 Regulation 94 v . 165 
 
 Written contracts must be made with, section 78 66 
 
 Regulation 66 : 158 
 
 See Certificates. 
 
240 
 
 TEACHERS INSTITUTES 
 See County Institutes. 
 
 TEXT BOOKS 
 
 Division superintendent to give notice of price, etc., regulation 45 155 
 
 Regulation 86 163 
 
 Division superintendent to see that they are sold at contract 
 
 prices, etc., regulation 48 15S 
 
 Indigent children to be provided with, by State, section 15 .... 11 
 
 Section 147, sub-section 4 37 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 5 137 
 
 List of, kept in each school room, regulation 86 163 
 
 Maximum price under varying conditions, section 7, sub-section 6 19 
 Not to be changed until used four years, section 7, sub-section 6 19 
 On moral education selected by State Board of Education, sec- 
 tion 83 71 
 
 Pupils must be supplied with proper, regulation 85 163 
 
 Sciiool officers and teachers not to be interested in supplying, 
 
 exception, section 66 61 
 
 Selected by State Board of Education, section 8 9 
 
 Section 7, sub-section 6 1* 
 
 Section 83 71 
 
 Regulation 84 ". 162 
 
 TOWN 
 
 Bonded indebtedness limited, section 4 7 
 
 Council of, if separate district, may levy district school tax, section 
 
 126, sub-section 3 96 
 
 Council of, may compel school children to be vaccinated, section 98 82 
 May borrow money to build or improve schoolhouses, section 162 126 
 School law for counties applies to, unless otherwise provided, 
 
 section 170 133 
 
 Separate school district, when, section 49 39 
 
 Treasurer of, if separate school districts, required to report school 
 
 finances to division superintendent; penalty if report not 
 
 made, section 107 87 
 
 Trustees in, if separate district, how appointed, section 49.... 
 
 TRANSPORTATION OP PUPILS 
 
 Provided for, section 86 72 
 
 Regulation 79 "162 
 
 TREASURER 
 
 See County Treasurer and City Treasurer. 
 
 TRUSTEES 
 
 Act as division superintendent, when, regulation 61 158 
 
 Division superintendent may administer oath to, section 30 29 
 
 Duties in reference to annual statement of county school board, 
 
 section 127 98 
 
241 
 
 Examiners to advise and counsel, regulation 8, sub-section 3 145 
 
 Examiners to hold conference with, and stimulate, regulation 8, 
 
 sub-section 1 145 
 
 Examiners to encourage, to hold meetings of patrons, regulation 
 
 8, sub-section 2 145 
 
 Expenses of, how pairl, etc., section 37, sub-section 1 31 
 
 Firm of which trustee is member, or agent of trustee, not to 
 have interest in supplies for schools, exception, section 66, 
 
 sub-section 2 62 
 
 For cities, how appointed, section 177 135 
 
 For educational institutions, how appointed, section 18 12 
 
 For school district, how appointed, section 22 27 
 
 Section 49 39 
 
 For towns constituting separate districts, how appointed, section 
 
 49 39 
 
 Guilty of misdemeanor, if they fail to comply with sub-district law, 
 
 section 65, sub-section 20 60 
 
 Guilty of misdemeanor, if school boards do not make and publish 
 
 annual statement, section 127 98 
 
 How penalties imposed upon, sued for, section 69 63 
 
 In cities of second class, section 173 154 
 
 In districts of city, to have no organization or duties unless as- 
 signed by city school board, section 174 135 
 
 Malfeasance or neglect of duty by, penalty for, section 68 63 
 
 May not teach, regulation 94 165 
 
 Merchants who are, may sell books or supplies, section 66, sub- 
 section 1 61 
 
 Must be able to read and write, section 22 27 
 
 Must qualify and deliver oath to clerk of electoral board within 
 
 thirty days after notice of appointment, section 23 27 
 
 Must be resident of district and take oath, section 30 29 
 
 Section 183 136 
 
 Regulation 63 1& 8 
 
 Not to have any interest in supplies for schools, books, etc., 
 
 exception, penalty, section 66 *>1 
 
 Penalty on, for failure to have written contracts with teachers, 
 
 regulation 67 159 
 
 Personally liable if money paid to unlicensed teacher or certain 
 
 relatives of trustees, section 47, sub-section 2 37 
 
 Same law for city or town as county, unless otherwise provided, 
 
 section 170 1J *3 
 
 State students to Virginia Polytechnic Institute, appointed by, sec- 
 tion 155 123 
 
 Term of office of, section 22 27 
 
 Three for each district, section 9 - ( 
 
 Section 28 : 
 
 Section 40 
 
 Sections 172 and 173 1 ^ 4 
 
 When office deemed vacant, section 23 27 
 
242 
 
 Section 30 29 
 
 Section 183 13(> 
 
 Who eligible, section 29 8 
 
 Who ineligible, section 22 27 
 
 Section 29 29 
 
 Section 165 136 
 
 UNITED AGRICULTURAL BOARD 
 
 Appropriation by State for work of, section 168, sub-section 4 131 
 
 Boards of supervisors authorized to appropriate money to aid work 
 
 of, section 168, sub-section 7 132 
 
 May inquire into work done by any of its subordinate agencies 
 
 and correct inefficiency, section 168, sub-section 5 132 
 
 Meetings, how called, section 168, sub-section 6 132 
 
 Members allowed traveling expenses but no compensation, 
 
 section 169, sub-section 2 131 
 
 Shall assign duties to various schools and boards, section 168, sub- 
 section 3 131 
 
 Who, compose, section 168, sub-section 1 130 
 
 UNIVERSITY OP VIRGINIA 
 
 Loans to Virginia students in, section 142 117 
 
 Member of faculty eligible to position on State Board of Edu- 
 cation, section 6 8 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 President or chairman to make annual report to Superintendent 
 
 of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 Professional certificates to graduates of, regulation 21 149 
 
 Professional elementary certificate for work in, regulation 109 . . 170 
 
 State students, how admitted, etc., section 152 122 
 
 Summer school professional certificate for work in, regulation 112 171 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction member of board of visit- 
 ors of, section 13 24 
 
 VACCINATION 
 
 Of pupils required, section 97 82 
 
 Of children may be compelled by board of supervisors or city or 
 
 town council, section 98 82 
 
 Poor children shall be vaccinated at expense of county or city, 
 
 section 97 82 
 
 Requirements as to, may be suspended by county or city school 
 
 board, section 97 82 
 
 VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE 
 
 Bond for board and tuition, how discharged, section 154 123 
 
 Due notice of vacancy in State cadetship to be given, section 153 122 
 
 Loans to Virginia students in, section 142 117 
 
 Member of faculty eligible to position on State Board of Educa- 
 tion, section 6 8 
 
243 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 President or chairman to make annual report to Superintendent 
 
 of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 State cadets, how admitted, etc., section 153 122 
 
 State cadets must teach in Virginia, section 154 123 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction member of board of visit- 
 ors of, section 13 24 
 
 VIRGINIA NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL, INSTITUTE 
 
 Due notice of vacancy in appointments to be given, section 157 124 
 No action of board of visitors of, valid if disapproved by State 
 
 Board of Education, section 158 125 
 
 President or chairman to make annual report to Superintendent 
 
 of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 Professional certificates to graduates of, regulation 21 149 
 
 Professors of, must conduct summer normal, expenses, etc., section 
 
 157, sub-sections 3 and 4 125 
 
 State students, how selected, etc., section 157 124 
 
 State students must teach, etc., section 157 124 
 
 Summer school certificate, first grade, for work in, regulation 116 172 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction member of board of visit- 
 ors of, section 13 24 
 
 VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 
 
 How long State students may attend, section 156 124 
 
 Loans to Virginia students in, section 142 117 
 
 Member of faculty eligible to position on State Board of Edu- 
 cation, section 6 8 
 
 Section 3 15 
 
 President or chairman to make annual report to Superintendent 
 
 of Public Instruction, section 160 125 
 
 President of, member of United Agricultural Board, section 168.. 129 
 President of, to aid in preparing rules and regulations for agri- 
 cultural, etc., courses in high schools, section 89, sub-sec- 
 tion 5 76 
 
 State students, how selected, etc., section 155 123 
 
 Superintendent of PubHc Instruction member of board of visit- 
 ors of, section 13 24 
 
 WARRANTS 
 
 For State school funds to be paid by Treasurer of State in cash, 
 
 section 122 95 
 
 How drawn and signed, section 47, sub-section 12 38 
 
 Section 51 40 
 
 Section 183, sub-section 13 138 
 
 If State school warrant lost, treasurers may have relief, section 114 90 
 
 Must be presented within two years, section 115 
 
 Neither treasurer nor deputy may deal in, section 111 89 
 
 No county, district or school officer to discount, section 66, sub- 
 section 3 . ** 
 
244 
 
 Number and amount of, to be reported by treasurers on December 
 
 1st, etc., section 107 87 
 
 Regulation 44 154 
 
 On State school tax fund to be paid out of any State taxes re- 
 ceived by Treasurer, section 123 96 
 
 Paid by Treasurer must be properly cancelled, section 108 88 
 
 Paid by Treasurer to be delivered to division superintendent, sec- 
 tion 108 88 
 
 Penalty and remedy if Treasurer, having funds, fails to pay, sec- 
 tion 117 92 
 
 To be compared and audited by county school board and result re- 
 ported to Superintendent of Public Instruction, section 124.. 96 
 
 When warrants paid by Treasurer may be destroyed, section 108 88 
 
 WILLIAM ANI> MARY COLLEGE 
 See College of William and Mary. 
 
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