wMk\ A LARGER CONFUTATION O F BISHOP HARE's SYSTEM of HEBREW METRE : IN A LETTER TO The Rev. Dr. EDWARDS; IN ANSWER TO His Latin Epistle. By ROBERT L O W T II, D. D, F. R. SS. Lond. and Goettinc. And Chaplain in Ordinary to His Majesty. Ap-dog J' oXiyifoq. H O M. LONDON: Printed for A. Miliar in the Strand, and J. DouiLiY in Pall-Mai. l. MDCCLXVI. VT A LETTER T O T H E R E V. D R. EDWARDS. Reverend Sir, WHEN I firft gave my opinion of the very learned and ingenious Bifhop Hare's Syflem of Hebrew Metre ', which my fubjedr, almoft unavoidably led me to do ; 1 fupported that opinion with reafons, which, as you yourfelf are pleafed to acknowledge % merited fome regard. In further fupport of it, I afterwards added a Confutation of the fame Syflem, in a different form, and by a different argument ; which I then thought, and do ftill think, to be demonifrative. Both thefe arguments were drawn from ge- neral principles ; which, if true, left no ground for the Bimop's Syftem to ftand up- on. I did not trouble myfelf or my reader with a particular and fcrupulous examination of all the feveral parts of the fuperltructure ; which would have coft much time and pains to very little purpofe, and to the great dil- guil of both. I exprefly declined an under* 1 De S. Poefi Hebrseorum, Pra-1. TIL a Edwards, Prolegomena in Libroi V. T. Pocticos, p. 85. A 2 taking 8698^1 f 4 ] taking of this kind. I aimed at the very foundation of the whole building ; and, I think, I overturned it from the bottom. In the Latin Epiftle, therefore, which you have done me the honour publicly to addrefs to me, I think you had no right to charge me with an artful difiimulation ; in palling over many of Your arguments in filence. I never undertook to anfwer, or to examine, all, or indeed any, of Your arguments. All that I attempted, and profefTed to do, was to fup- port, againft One Objection of your's, what I had written before you ever publifhed a word upon the fubject : and even upon this head the whole of my argumentation was directed, as before, againft Biihop Hare, and not againft You. As for the contradictions, which you have pointed out, between fome pafTages of the lectures and the confutation ; as likewife the falfe reprefentations, and difin- genuous dealing, with which you have been pleafed to charge me ; I fhall {till keep the fame filence, though, now you have made the difcovery, it can no longer be called art- ful or cunning ; nor will I offer any defence of myfelf in form. I fhall only refer to the feveral parlages 4 where you have pointed them out ; that if any one thinks it worth 3 Epift. p. 3. * Edwards, Epiftoh, p. 2, 3. 38, 39. (Compare his Prolegomena, p. 27.) Prolegomena, p. 95. 99. 231, while, [ 5 ] while, he may Tee what grounds there are for thefe accufations, and with what truth and judgement they are laid before the pub- lic : and I mall freely fubmit my caufe to the verdict of common candor and common fenfe. As Profody and Metre is a fubjecl in it- fclf exceedingly dry and unentertaining, and efpecially Hebrew Metre, which, I am afrai is alfo very unedifying, and likely to recom- penfe our trouble with little acquisition of knowledge; I had fo much regard for my readers, as to take care to give them as lit- tle caufe of difguft as pofiible. I determin- ed to fay only what I thought moil to the purpofe; and to fay even that in as few words as I could. The firft argument I endeavoured to exprefs with as much brevity, as might be confident with clearness: the Confutation I contrived to bring within I compafs of four pages in quarto ; and if it had threatened to run to double the numl I believe, for that \'cry reafon I mould not have ventured upon it. But alas! with all my care I have not been able to avoid, wl I fo much apprehended; yuu complain, and you feveral times repeat your complaint, that I fatigue you, that i n ju fick to death. I flatter myillf, that your lion: 5 SeeDe S. Poefi Hebr. Prael. II I. * Epift. p. 2. 33, 34. 41,42. A 3 mud t 6 ] mufl be peculiarly delicate and faftidious : fur upon examination I find, that the whole that I have written upon this fubjecT: makes but ten pages in octavo. But whatever you may feel, does it become You to utter this complaint ? I will not return the compli- ment in kind ; but I have read, indeed I have ! above three hundred pages of your'a upon the fame fubject. Whenever I begin to exceed that number ; you may then per- haps be allowed to complain, and cry out, Ohe jam I with fome fort of decency. But till then, I really think, that you are obliged in common juflice to give me a patient hear- ing : elpecially when I aiTure you, that what I now fend you, was principally intended for your particular fatisfaction, by placing before you in a clearer light, if I could pof- fibly do it, fomc points that are in difpute between us. And here I mufl beg leave to abide by my former method ; that of combating general and fundamental principles only, thofe up- on which the whole caufe rcib, and, which removed, the whole mufl: fink. Were I to undertake to confute every auxiliary argu- ment, and to anfwer every incidental objec- tion, there would be no end of it : I mould much exceed the bounds above prefcribed ; I mould never hold out r.v and what would become of You ? It is merely for your relief and my own, that I proceed thus : not out [ 7 ] out of an artful diffimulation, or with a defign of declining the force of any argu- ment, which I may pafs over in iilence. For mould there be any fuch argument, among all that have been hitherto publicly advanced in fupport of this Syftem, either by yourfelf or others, which, after having considered what I {hall here fay, you (hall think of importance enough ftill to urge in defence of it j I declare myfelf ready to an- fwer it, and in fuch a manner, as 1 am per- fuaded will be fatisfadtory to every unpre- judiced perfon, I muft begin with a remark of your's which occurs pretty far in your Epiftle ; where you tell me 7 , that I have (tumbled at the very threfhold, and am miftaken in laying, that Bifhop Hare has deduced the laws of his Metre from the CXIth Pfalm. Let us turn to his book ; let us fee how this matter ffcands, and carefully trace his method of inveftigation. The Bifhop fets out with exhibiting | Pfalm s : let him call it an example, or a key, or whatever elfe he pleafesj that is not material ; let us fee what he does with it. The periods of this Pfalm, the verfes, the fyllables, are all determined; and the ac- cents placed to mark out the metre. r \ Pfalm thus ordered and adj tilted, he imme- diately begins to reafon upon it ; to make 7 Epift. p. 15. 6 Hare, Prolegomena in Pfuhnos, p. ii. A 4 |uc- [ 8 ] deductions, and to draw his concluiions, in the form, manner, and words following : t£ I line clare liquet :" << ex hoc Pfalmo M liquet :" ** ex hoc Pfalmo connat :" " hinc ccrtiflime conftat : " " ex hoc M Pfalmo clare conftat :" " hinc fequitur :" " ex verfibus fexto & ultimo inviccm ft collatis liquet : " c£ in verfu quinto ex " metro liquet : ; ' and Co on. lie ' more- over confirms his obfervations on the CXlth Pfalm, by the CXIIth, CXillth, and CXIVth Pfalms ; as they {land in his Book of Pfalms, divided and accented by himfelf in the fame manner. He ~ then retraces, as he fays, his own Heps, and lays together in order the principal conclufions, which he had before drawn, all ariiing in the nrfl place from the CXlth Pfalm; for the three other Pfalms afford no new Canons of Metre ; they only confirm thole already drawn. Other conclu- fions indeed are deduced from them, con- cerning the reading, the pointing, and the pronunciation. But it is from the afore- mentioned concluiions, deduced from the CXlth Pfalm, and confirmed by the three following Pfalms, that he compiles his Ca- nons or Syftem of Metrical Laws, XI in 9 Hare, Prolegomena in Pfalmos, p. iv. vi. vii. viii % xi. xii. xvii. 1 Ibid. p. xviii. * Ibid. p. xxvii. num- [ 9 ] number \ In explaining the Biuhop's fcheme you follow exactly the fame method, and ufe the fame terms ; only fomewhat hightencd, and for the mod: part advanced to the luper- Jative degree. Your account of the procefs is this : the * beginnings and endings of the feveral verfes in this Alphabetical Pfalm be- ing certainly known, the learned Bifhop af- terwards found, that thefe verfes were either Trochaics or Iambics ; (how he found this out, and how it appears, that they arc really Trochaics or Iambicks, we mail hereafter conhder :) and moreover other matters alio clearly appeared from this fame Pfalm, which particulars you introduce in manner and form following : * c Ex hoc Pfalmo illud quoque «' liquido conftabat :" ?' ex hoc Pfalmo cla- (t riflime liquebat :" " ex hoc Pfalmo lucu- " lentirTime patebat :" and this account of the particulars you fum up in your four prin- cipal canons ; which four contain very nearly all of Bifhop Hare's. You introduce them with thefe words : " En itaque quatuor pra> <( cipuos canones ex hoc Pfalmo colleclos ic (Pfalmorumque univeribrum aucloritate " firmatos) quibus quaii fundamentis metrica 3 Hare, Prolegomena in Pfalmos, p. xxvii, — xxxi. 4 Edwards, Prolcgom. Cap. II. See alfq his Preli- minary Dilllrtation to his Ln2,liih Tranilation of the Pfahus, p. 5, — y. <« Hariana [ io ] (t Hariana nititur." 'Tin's fa evidently the form of the procefs, as it is laid before us both in tbe Bi (hop's Prolegomena, and in Your's. The CXIth Pfalm is propofed, rea- dy divided into periods and verfes, the verfes (canned, the fyllables accented ; you both reafon upon it, and draw conclufions from it, as from a matter perfectly well eftabliihed, and fettled beyond all doubt, in all its parts ; and thefe conclufions you afterwards collect together into a body of Metrical Laws. And this was the very account that I gave of it : my words were thefe; "Proponitur 6 Pfalmus '« CXI mus in verficulos diftributus, et ac- ic centibus notatus, unde deducendffi funt " leges Metrics Hebraae." Be pleafed to ob- ferve alio, that I did not dilTemble the Bi- mop's plea, by which he claims the benefit of the confirmation, which his laws receive from the whole Book of Pfalms. I gave it 5 So likewife in the Preliminary DifTertation : cc Thus, " from this CXIth Pfalm, Bifhop Hare difcovered the four " principal parts of his hypothefis." — " The truth and " certainty then of this hypothefis feems fufficientiy to " appear horn the abovementioned CXIth Pfalm." p. 8, q. " What has been hitherto offered in favour of Bi- " fhop Hare's difcovery will, I hope, in fome meafure " {hew it to be rational and well grounded. But as this " has been entirely drawn from one of the Alphabetical ** Pfalm?, it may not be improper to lay before the read- " er fome of thole, which are not Alphabetical ones, as " they will greatly Jirengthen and confirm what has been al- lt ready advanced " p. 19. * Metricx Hariana; Brevis Confutatio, not. ult. nearly [ » J nearly in his own words, which are thefe : (i Hasc 7 autem qua? dixi vera elTe, ut funt 6 1 The argumentation from hence forward to the conftitution of the Canons 4 is wholly of the fame kind (excepting only the Vlth feftlon 5 , which confutes the hypothecs of Le Clerc), all deduced from the CXIth Pfalm, as adj lifted in the very entrance of the Prole- gomena; and from the CXIIth, CXIIIth, and CXIVth Pfalms, as adjufted in like manner at the editor's pleafure in the book itfelf. Thefe three latter Pfalms, called in to aid and fupport the former, do not make the leaft alteration in the cafe. The proof, that they are rightly divided, fcanned, and accented, is ftill wanted. We do not com- plain of a deficiency of quantity in Pfalm CXI, but of a deficiency of proof. If it were four times as long, it would be juft the fame thing : add yet another, and yet another Pfalm; add the whole Book of Pfalms, even though it contained fifteen hundred inftead of a hundred and fifty, divided, fcanned, and ac- cented, in like form and manner ; we are ftill but juft where we were, till it be de- monftrated, that they are thus rightly di- vided, fcanned, and accented, according to the genuine laws of metre, the quantity of fyllables, and the true pronunciation and ca- dence of verfe, among the antient Hebrews. Suppofe Gomarus, Meibomius, and Le Clerc, * Hare, Prolegom. p. xxvii, 5 IbiJ. p. viii. xi. had f '7 ] tiad purfued their feveral fchemes j and had divided, accented, fcanned, rhymed, the whole Book of Pfalms, as no doubt they could have done, according to the fpecimens which they have feverally given : would this have been a proof of the truth of each of their iyftems ? or rather, would not this fingle proof of the truth of each have been a de- monstration of the falfity of them all ; of all at leaft but one ? But it may be imagined, that the author chofe to proceed in this method for the eafier explanation of his Syftem -, and only intended, that we mould give him credit awhile for the truth of his fcaniion, till he mould give us the demonftration of it in a more convenient place. Now I beg to know, where he has done this: turn to the Prolegomena; find out the place, and be fo good as to point out to me the demonftration. I profeis I have learched for it in vain. Having deduced and formed his Canons of Metre, in the manner already explained $ as if his bulinefs were quite done, and his Syftem eftablimed be- yond all contradiction, the author now pro- ceeds to give an account of the ill fuccels of others in the like attempt and of the cautes- of it ; and then panes on to other matters, not neceflarily connected with the pre lint queftion, which he never reiumes. In his notes he perpetually argues from his Metre in the fame manner, as a thing already perfect ■« B t >8 ] ly eftabliilied. In fhort, the great defideratum is no where to be found : the verity of the fcanfion of the CXIth Pfalm is leftjuft as it flood in the entrance of the Prolegomena; and fo likewife, the divifion, fcanfion, and accentuation of all the reft of the Pfalms in the Bifhop's edition, is left naked and defti- tute of demonftration, of all colour or fha- dow of proof whatfoever. This is a begging of the queftion fo grofs and palpable, that, though I only give an account of a matter of fact, about which every one may be fatisfied by examining the Book itfelf, yet I am apprehenfive it may ad- mit of fome doubt merely from the improba- bility of the thing. How is it poflible, may it be afked, that a perfon fo ingenious, fo learned, and fo acute, as Bifhop Hare cer- tainly was, mould fo impofe, either upon himlelf, or others ? I do not know how to account for it, but from the frrength of pre- judice, which a fpecious Hypothecs carries along with it j when it happens to ftrike the imagination, and by pleafing the fancy in- fill uates itfelf into the approbation of the judgement. This once effected, it takes fait hold of a man's mind ; it pofierles him in- tirely : he can neither hear, nor fee, nor un- derftand any thing that thwarts his Syftem ; and there is no camel of an abfurdity, which he cannot lwallow with eafe. This perhaps might [ '9 ] might be fufficicnt to fatisfy other people, and to induce them to inform themfelves, whether the cafe be really, as I reprefent it, or not. But what mall I fay to You, Sir ; who, I perceive, are actually inclofed wit' the magic circle, and are under the very wand of this enchantrefs ? It is a defperate attempt : however I will try, whether I cannot dillblve the charm, and fet you free. All I require is, that you wotild make fome effort to open your eyes, while I endeavour to place the thing before you in another light. The whole Syfrem of Bifhop Hare eon- finis of two diftinct parts : one is the distri- bution of the Pfalms into periods and verfes, and the fcanfion and accenting of the verfes ; this, to avoid the multiplying of words, i fhall call the New Metre : the other is, the fettling of the pronunciation of the Hebrew, and the correction of the Maforetic Pointing ; this I mall call the Reformed Punctuation. Thefe two parts, though diitinct in them- felves, yet have here a necelfary dependence upon one another : take away the New Me- tre, and the Reformed Punctuation, which is deduced from it, falls to the ground ; take away the Reformed Punctuation, which i troduces a different numeration o] (yllabl and the New Metre cannot fubiiir. If eithei of thefe parts were once iirmly eflab upon a folid foundation ; the other, B 2 nexi t 2° ] ncxion with it, might he in fome meafure fupported. If the New Metre were delivered to us upon fufficient authority, fuch as the exprefs teftimony of one of the antient Pro- phets, as David, fuppofe, or Ifaiah, or Ma- lachi ; ( for 1 cannot admit of any later tefti- mony upon this point : ) or by a Divine Re- velation, fuch as Meibomius pretended to have received; (a pretence highly impudent indeed and profane, but in other refpects not injudicious, for by what other means could he come by his knowledge? ) a Revelation, I mean, well and duly attefted : or if it were clearly inveftigated by reafon and argument ; ( any good argument not drawn from the Re- formed Punctuation, for that is the thing fought in this cafe, and as yet fuppofed to be unknown : ) the New Metre, I fay, being in any of thefe ways antecedently proved, and unqueftionably eftablimed, the Reformed Punctuation might then be fairly deduced from it, in the manner in which we fee it done in the Biihop's Prolegomena. On the other hand, if the Reformed Punctuation either were indubitably proved by deduction of reafon and argument, ( luppofing it capa- ble of fuch proof; ) any argument, I mean, not drawn from the New Metre, for that is in this cafe the thing fought, and hitherto unknown : or were it confirmed by fufficient authority, fuch as the exprefs testimony of one [ 21 ] one of the antient Prophets, raited from the dead, fuppofe, ( as Samuel is thought to have been by the Witch of Endor) and fpeaking to us with an audible voice : or laftly, were it delivered to us by Divine Revelation ; the only method indeed, by which, as far as I can conceive, it is poflible for us to arrive at the knowledge of it : the Reformed Punctua- tion being thus antecedently eftablimed, fome parts, though not the whole, of the New Metre might from thence with fome mew of probability be deduced. But as the cafe now ftands, as neither of thefe parts, feparatcly and independently of the other, is eftablimed on any fuch proof; they are both of them mere creatures of the imagination, abfolute fictions, void of all folidity or reality what- foever. To come to particulars; let us examine the form and manner of the Bilhop's reafoning in an example or two, brought forward, and fully difplayed in open light. Pfalm CXI. Verfe, or Line, nth. " C6h~ marsav higgid leyammo." This verfe is marked and accented as a Tro- chaic. Why is it a Trochaic? '- " it confifls of an even number of fyllabh How do you prove it to coi-lilt of an even number of fyllables ? "Thus; B 3 " is t a? ] %t is one fyllaMe ; mavsav is two fyllables » '• / /^ / is two; ley ammo is three : in all eight " iyllahlcs." Or fhortcr thus ; " mavsav 1 ( the only doubtful word, fuppofe, as to the number of fyllables) " is a diilyllable; there- " fore the i ith verfe is a Trochaic." Now turn to Prolegomena, p. xvi. " It " is plain from the iith verfe, that mavsav u is a difTyliable." How fo ? " Why be- " caufc the verfe is a Trochaic." In other words; " The nth verfe is a Trochaic s " therefore mavsav is a difTyliable." Again; Pfalm CXII. Verfe, or Line, 17. pi*r v ar nathan l'ebjonim. This verfe ftands as an Iambic. How do you prove it to be an Iambic ? £< Becaife it '« confifts of an odd number of fyllables." How do you make out the number of fylla- bles ? " Thus; p:z$ar two fyllables; nathan '•' two; Yebjonim three; in all feven fyllables." Or Shorter, thus; u Tetjonim* 9 (the only doubtful word) " is a triifyllable ; therefore »' the 17th verfe is an Iambic." Now turn to Prolegomena, p. xix. " It " is plain from the Metre, that Febjonim is «« to be read as a triiTyllable." Plow fo ? " Why, becaife the verfe is an Iambic." That is, in another order of words; " The " j 7th verfe is an Iambic; therefore Vebjo- *< mm is a triiTyllable." Thus t 23 ] Thus the Reformed Punctuation proves the New Metre, and the New Metre proves |he Reformed Punctuation : the caufe is the ef- fect:, and the effect is the caufe : a difput;.- tion in a circle, from which no valid conclu- iion can be drawn, except that of the futility of the hypothecs, which is built upon it. The proof of the kind of verfe from the number of fyllables is never drawn out in full form, and unfolded, as I have done it in the examples above given : but the reafon is always implied ; and it arifes from the IVth and Vth Canons : which are themfelves af- fumed, as I fhall hereafter fhew, without the leafl proof, or even probability, whatever. But the proof of the number of fyllables from the kind of verfe lies open 6 . Hence if we take a general view of the Syftem, as it ftands in the Prolegomena, the apparent form of it is fuch, as I have before repre- fented it : that is, the New Metre only lcems to be taken for granted, and the Reform- ed Punctuation to be deduced from it. But in truth, both the one, and the other arc, each in its turn, equally taken for granted, without proof; and the whole argument,, conclufion as well as premises, is altogether a mere begging of the queltion. * Sec Prolcgom. p. xii. xvi. xvii. xviii. xix. kc. B 4 Hav.'nj [ n ) Having fhewn, that the truth of Bifhop Marc's Syftem of Hebrew Metre is not proved ; I (hall now proceed one ftep further, and fhew, that it is in itfelf falfe and abfurd, and utterly incapable of proof. The Four 7 firft Canons or Laws of He- brew Metre, as the author has given them, are the Four Corner Stones of the whole Edifice. I (hall try the ftrength of them j if they give way, the whole building falls to the ground. The reft, were the Syftem true, are of very little importance. I. " In this Poetry all the feet are diffyl- " lables." II. " No regard is had to the quantity of " fyllables:" or, " There" is no difference " of long and fhort fyllables." The former of thefe proportions is de- duced as a confequence of the latter 9 : I (hall lake them both together into confideration. The Bifhop in his Prolegomena is very brief upon thefe two material articles, and affords us but very little light upon the fub- 7 Note, that by the Four firft Canons I mean Can. I. II. IV. and V. The III d is an infignificant propofi- tion, which feems to Ii2ve been numbered as one Qt the Canons in the Prolegomena, p. xxvii. by miftake. * Prolegom. p. xii. • Ibid. iedt. [ *s 1 je£t. The whole that he fays amounts to this : " It * clearly appears from this Pfalm, ," that in the Hebrew Poetry no regard is " had to the quantity of fyllables. < — Hence **" it follows, that all the feet in the Hebrew " Poetry are diflyllables." I fhould have thought the confequence much more obvious and juft, if he had faid : " Hence it follows, ** that in the Hebrew Poetry there are no *' feet at all." However he is going to clear up this matter -, he fubjoins a reafon for it ; a medium, by which he proves the confe- quence. " For, fays he, if there were any " feet confiding of three fyllables, the dif- U ference of lhort and long with regard to " the middle fyllable would neceffarily take *' place in this, as well as in the Greek and 44 Latin Poetry." The argument in form muft jftand thus : In all Poetry every triffyllable foot has the middle fyllable of a determinate quantity; ( that is, either long or lhort : ) But in the Hebrew Poetry there is no de- terminate quantity of fyllables : Therefore in the Hebrew Poetrv there are no trifTyllable feet. I beg leave to borrow this curious argu- ment ; and to carry it one ftep further, where we (hall find it to be equally conclufive. * Prolcgom. p. xi. xii. In t 26 ] In all Languages every word of three fyl- lables has the middle fyllable of a deter- minate quantity 1 ; ( that is, pronounced either long or fhort : ) But in the Hebrew Language there is no determinate quantity of fyllables : Therefore in the Hebrew Language there are no words of three fyllables. So much for the Bifhop's argumentation. You, Sir, are pleafed to be more large on this head. You begin with it in your Epiftle to me. I had intimated, that I iuppofed there was a manifeil contradiction in Metre, in Iambic and Trochaic Feet and Verfes, with- out difference of long and fhort fyllables. I thought, that a hint was fufficient ; and that there was no neceffity of explaining at large, that as the very nature and effence of an Iambic Foot coniifled in its being made up of two fyllables. the fir 11: fhort, and the fe- cond long ; and of a Trochaic Foot, the re- verfe, the firft long, and the fecond fhort ; therefore, where there was no difference of long and fhort fyllables, there could be no Iambic and Trochaic Feet ; and where there were no Iambic and Trochaic Feet, there 1 Common fyllables are very few in any language ; hut they belong properly to Poetry only, and are indeed a Poetic Licence. *' Nam verfuum propria conditio eft ; M idecque in his quaedam etiam [ fyllabae J communes." Quintil. ix. 4. could [ 27 ] could be no Iambic and Trochaic Verfes : and that to talk of Metre without long and fhort fyllables, was like talking of an army with- out men, a fleet without fhips, and a grove without trees. However You feem not to be apprehenlive of any difficulty in this affair ; and tell me, that a if I do not underftand, what Metre is without difference of long and fhort fyllables, I muft acknowledge, that I know nothing of Englifh Metre. This I cannot quite allow : as an Englifhman, one of the many, who has read a good deal of Englifh Poetry, and has a tolerably good car, I muff affert my right of giving my judge- ment on this fubjecf; and therefore (hall prefume to examine what You have faid upon it. You acknowledge, that 4 we have verfes, which exactly anfwer to certain Metres of the Greeks and Latins ; but yet, that this difference of long and fhort fyllables is not obferved, nor can be obferved, in our lan- guage, whofe nature is fuch, that it cannot admit of it. This, you fay, every one knows, and that it is too manifefl to be denied. You are too apt to follow your Author's example, in taking for granted what ought to be proved. What you atHrm, concerning the nature of 1 Epift. p. 4. 4 Ibid* p. 5. our [ 2 8 ] our language, is fo far from being felf-evi-, dent, that every one, who knows any thing of the matter, cannot but know the contrary to be true. Let us confider your very firir. example of Englim Verfe. " He fung and hell confented 5 " Stern Proferpine relented. You fay, thefe are very like, and exactly an- fwer, to the Anacreontic Metres : as, ©3Acj Xiyf.v AtphSo,;, And why, I beg to know, are they not as properly and abiolutely Iambic Verfes as thofe of Anacreon ? Why is not he fung as truly and properly an Iambic Foot as 0eAu ? and bell, as xiynv ? You very s properly diftinguifh between the Rules by which the quantity of fyl- lables in Greek and Latin, and thofe by which the accent ( you could not confidently with your Hypothefis fay, the quantity) in Englifh, is determined : and yet you will perhaps tell me, that though and is long by pofition, ne- verthelcfs it here obtains the place due to a fhort fyllable ; and fo of the reft : for this is the Bifhop's language, and you follow it by faying, that fuch fyllables may be accounted 5 Epift. p. 6. Jhort, [ 29 ] Jftorf, and others may in a certain manner be taken for long ; as if they were not really lb. Now I fay, that and, as a particle without emphafis, is naturally fhort ; and the fame is to be faid of the pronoun he: that the firft in confented is fhort, and more determinately fo than the firft in /Cjoet^ag ; this may be long, but that cannot : that Jlern is long, as the firft fyllable is in the line of Anacreon next to thofe you have quoted : that the middle fyllable in Proferpine is neceffarily fhort ac- cording to the Englifh pronunciation; though the fame fyllable in Proferpina according to the Latin form, and even in Proferpine * ac- cording to the Latin pronunciation, be ne- celTarily long : that Pofition in Englifh does not always, nor even generally make a fylla- ble long; that even in Greek and Latin it is far from being a general rule; that in Greek there is a multitude of exceptions from it ' ; and for the Latin I refer you to Hare De Metris Comicis, p. LIX, &c. I will not be * See Milton, Parad. Loft, Book IV. 269. 7 See Dr. Clarke's Note to Homer's Iliad. II. 537. To the examples there given add oyvi/T), OdyfT. xxiv. 24b. aWfoV, Iliad. XVI. 857. 1 guages, Englifh, French, Spanim, Italian, &c. admit not a difference of long and fhort fyllables ; that therefore the Hebrew may have been of the fame nature in this refpecl. At prefent therefore I mail purfue this fubjecl a little further. Now, Sir, as You have very well obferved, and proved it by twenty quotations, that the ear is the fole judge of numbers or metrical founds ; and as You have fo good an ear, as to be able to judge perfectly well of the found of Hebrew Verfes, not one lingle verfe of which language, rightly pronounced, you have ever yet heard, or can poilibly ever hear : what can I do better than appeal to your ear ? Your ear mud furely be a mil better judge of Englifh Verfe : this you can rightly exprefs, and commit to your ear, by your own voice. For " though the ear" ( fays Longinus 3 as you quote him) " be the judge, the voice «' muft fet it in order : for as the voice ex- •' tending and contracting the found of the <« well-modulated rythme forme th the fylla- " Hebraicae : nempe ita comparats funt, ut brevium et li longarum difcrimen — refpuant atque repudient." Ed- Wards, Prolegom. p. 134. " Ex hoc Pfalmo clare con- '* flat, nullam in Potfi Hebr. quantitatis lyllabarum ra- «« tionem haberi : — quod ethodie obtinet in omnibus, nil « falior, Europajis Unguis." Hare, Prolegom. p. xi. ' In Fragments. " bles, t 33 ] " bles, fo the ear receiveth it from thence, " and judgeth of it." Now Longinus in this cafe would certainly have required the voice of a Native, and not of a Barbarian : and if you had attended to the fenfe of this fecond quotation of yours, you would have feen, that all the reft of your quotations were nothing to the purpofe, and that this quota- tion totally overturned all that you had been endeavouring to eflablim. I beg you then to try the feveral examples, which you have produced, by your Voice. and Ear j and to tell me, whether you do not find, that Pope's, or Dryden's, or Milton's, Trocha- ics or Iambics, run as well, and ftrike the ear, as to cadence, number, and accent, as fully and diftinctly, as thofe ofAnacreon ? You fay yourfelf, that the Correfpondent Verfes are exactly 4 alike, and perfectly fellows or twins : whence then proceeds this exact like- nets, which by your own account amounts as near to an identity, as pofTible ? I mould think, from the likenefs, or rather the fame- nefs, of the caufe: namely, that the Engliili Trochaic and Iambic Veries confifh of Tro- chaic and Iambic Feet, juft as much as the Greek do. But how can that pofiibly be, if in Engliili there be no difference of long and fhort fyllables ? » 4 Epift. p. ii. C I beg [ 34 ] I beg you to try like wife fome examples of another kind. 'Tis 5 her crime to be lov'd ; 'Tis her crime to have charms. Let us fly ; let us fly : She fhall die; (Tie fhall die: In my rage fhall be fcen The revenge of a Queen." Can you find among the Greek Tragedians any Anapaeftic Verfes, that ftrike the ear more diftinctly and forcibly, than thefe ? I fay among the Greeks ; for among the La- tins, (whofe language, for an obvious rea- fon 6 , is not fo well fuited to thefe numbers) I believe, you will fearch in vain. I will give you one example more in the fame kind : 1 See, 7 wildjas the winds,|to the de|ferthe flies !" which, if you pleafe, you may refolve into Dactyls (for where there are Anapaefts, there mull be Dactyls ; as where there are Iambics, there muft be Trochees) thus : 5 Addison's Rofamond. 6 M Quia [apud Latinos] ultima fyllaba nee acuta un- " quam excitatur, nee flexacircumducitur; fed in gravem, ** vel duas graves, cadit Temper." Quinctil. xii. io. 7 Pope's Ode on St. Cecilia. " See, [ 35 ] " See,|wild as the|winds to the]deferthe|flies!" At leaft, the following are Dactyls ; or, as perhaps you would have me lay, and, as you cannot but own, fomething exceedingly like Dactyls indeed, and which may not unde- fervedly be called fo : (t Merrily, s merrily, mall I live now, m Under the blofTom that hangs on the bough." And now, Sir, I muft afk you, why you would deal fo unfairly by us, as 9 to impofe upon us the authority of Dr. Bentley in a cafe, in which you would not fubmit to it your- felf ? For in the very fame page, in which Dr. Bentley had faid x , that the Englifh Lan- guage admits not of dactylic meafures, (which you thought much to your purpofe, as it might feem to imply, that it admits not of triifyllable feet) he gives two examples which are directly contrary to the point which you would eftablifh. For to fupport the pofition of no quantity in Englifh Metre, you are dri- ven to the necemty of affirming, that ' there are no triflyllable feet in Englifh Verfe. Now would you have us fubmit to the authority of "Shakespear's Tempeft. 9 Edwards, Prolegorh, p. 97. 1 De Metricis Terentianis, p. x. * Fpift. p. 3+, 35. C 2 Dr. t 36 ] Dr. Bentley nt the middle of the page, while you yourielf reject the lame authority lying directly before you at the bottom of the fame page; where he gives examples of triflyllable feet, namely, Bacchiac and Cretic Feet, in Engliih Verfe ? And pray, what need of having recourfe to authority at all in this cafe ? Cannot we read Engliih, and have not we ears, as well as Dr. Bentley ? Or, would you maintain, that there are no Anapasfts nor Dactyls in Engliih, becaufe|Dr. Bentley fays (o; and believe him rather than your own fenfes ? In fhort, the flate of the cafe, as it ftands now in difpute between us, is, I think, this : my ear affirms pofitively, that in Engliih there are real Trochees and Iambics, and alfo real feet of three fyllables, even Anapaefts and Dactyls, whatever Dr. Bentley may fay : and your ear, I believe, will allow, that there is ibmething very exactly correfponding to them, and very like them. But fuppofing there fhould be in Engliih quantity of fyllables, yet there remain many modern languages, by the example of which you may (till maintain your pofition of no quantity in the Hebrew ; as French, Italian, 6cc. As to this matter, 1 cannot truft cither your judgment, or my own : though our ear may receive verfes in thofe languages rightly modulated, and exactly delivered to it, by the voice of a Native -, yet there is Ibmething very delicate in this affair, of which we mull not t 37 ] not pretend to be perfect judges. This is one of thole cafes, in which it is proper, and even neceflary, to have recourfe tu authority: and it is not the authority of every Native, that will fati-iy me in this point. It mull be the authority of one perfectly well ac- quainted with his own language : a perfon of taftc, of learning, and well verfcd in the po- lite world. Let us confider the French Lan- guage ; and if we can find any fuch perfon to inform us of the nature of it in this re- fpecl, let us abide by his decilion. I be- lieve you will allow the Abbe D'Olivet of the French Academy to be fuch a perfon ; one whole authority in this cafe is un- queftionable. He has written a Treatife on this very fubject, intituled, De la Profodie Francoiie. I lliall only give you in lhort his decilion, which is clear and full to the pur- pofe. lie makes Quantity one of the chief heads of his difcourfe, and gives a definition of it : " Troiiiemement, on met plus ou' " moins de terns a prononcer chaque lyllabe, " en forte que les unes font ceni'ees longues, " et les autres breves : et e'eft ce qu'on ap- " pelle Qufintite." And he concludes his chapter on quantity thus: " On verm claire- " ment par-la, que nous pourrions nous hiiro " des regies de quantite aufli fures, et reduites " a un aufli petit nombre, que cellos du dec " et du Latin." Indeed Monlieur D'Olivet gives it as his opinion, juft after the defini- C 3 tion t 38 ] tion above quoted, that quantity is efTential to every language : and I am perfuaded, that you may as well endeavour to find out a lan- guage without vowels and confonants, as without long and fhort fyllables. Perhaps you may allow, that in thefe mo- dern languages there is indeed a fort of quan- tity, fomething that may not undefervedly be called a difference of long and fhort fyllables : but that it is not fo determinate, fo conftant and regular, as in Greek and Latin ; that the fame monofyllable is ufed fometimes as long, and fometimes as fhort ; and in words of many fyllables, the fyllables not accented are often dubious. But are the accents undeterminate, and the accented fyllables dubious ? For no- thing lefs than this will at all ferve your pur- pofe. You muft introduce a total anarchy in accent as well as quantity, before you can in the lead; countenance your Hebrew Metre. Is it not Javo/jy and Javoh ; becof, and be- col-, indifferently in almoft every Pfalm of the Bifliop's fcanning ? Do we not fee lholam> and levolam -, jefarim, and jejdrim -, yedothecci, and yedotheca : yabdeca, and vabd:ca, and fo of many other words, with like variation, occurring perpetually, and even in the fame Pftlm ; for inilance, the CXIXth Pfalm ? Is this too juflified by the example of the Eng- liih poetry, or by that of any language that ever exifted ? 1 urged this to you; and you 3 3 Epiit. p. 31. quote I 39 J quote upon me fome verfes of Milton, by- way of anfwer. Are your Hebrew Trochees and Iambics then as determinate as Milton's Engliih ones ? Or does Milton vary the accent and quantity of the fame word perpetually, as Bifnop Hare does ? If after thcfe lines, which you quote, ccli >}v avr^ y Eig otov kXvSuw duvyg G-vtxtpooctg sAjjAu^cV. " Cras [ 45 1 " Cras amet qui nunqu' amavit ; quiqu* " amavit cras amet. " Ver novum, ver jamcanoTum; vere natus " orbis eft." " Lovely feems the moon's fair luftre to " the loft benighted fwain, " When all filvery bright me rifes, gilding " mountain, grove, and plain : " But a thouiand times more lovely to her " longing lover's fight, ft Steals half-feen the beauteous maiden " thro' the glimmerings of the night." Percy. This feems to be the genuine form of the Englifli Trochaic, in one line of fevcn Tro- chees and a long fyllable. But now this kind of Trochaic in Englifh is commonly divided into two lines, or verfes; which divifion was probably occafioned by the introduction of the rhyme in the middle : " Bred in plains, or born in vallies, " Who would bid thofe fcenes adieu ? , " Stranger to the arts of malice, " Who would ever courts purfue ? <( Malice never taught to treafure, " Cenfure never taught to bear, " Love is all the fhepherd's plcafure, " Love is all the damfel's care." Shenstone. And t 46 ] And the Greek and Latin Trochaics of this fort may be difpofed juft in the fame manner; for they generally have the Cajfura at the end of the fourth foot : Aivoss.t\ Qi<$wxg cJe. " Cras amat, qui nunqu' amavit; " Quiqif amavit, cras amet." By this divifion of the long Englifh Trochaic into two Verfes, we have two forts of Tro- chaic commonly ufed : one the Dimeter Aca- talectic, coniifting of four Trochees, making even fyllables ; the other the Dimeter Cata- lectic con fitting of three, and a long fy liable, making uneven fyllables. This latter is fre- quently ufed alone in Poems of fome length; of which many elegant examples may be feen in Mr. Merrick's excellent Tranflation of the Pialms. But the other is hardly ever ufed alone ; and for this obvious reafon : becaufe the unvaried monotony of the cadence, if con- tinued, would be extremely difgufling. And for the very fame reafon, Trochaics coniifting of an even number of fyllables were but little ufed by the Greeks and Latins. It appears then upon inquiry into this matter, and on examination of Iambic and Trochaic verfes, as praclifed by the Greek, Latin, and Englifh Poets, that, in refpedT: of the number of fyllables, as even or odd, of which t 47 ] which they confiit, the Iambic verfe is by its nature, genius, and cadence, much more in- clined to confift of an even number of fyl- lables, and the Trochaic on the contrary of an odd number of Syllables, than otherwife. So that if Bifhop Hare in forming his fcheme of metre, had confulted the nature and o-e- nius of the Verfes, of which he made his Hebrew Poetry to confift, and had been guid- ed by them; he would have made both thefe Canons directly the reverfe of what they are : his verfes of an even number of fyllables would have been, for the moit part at leaft, Iambics; and his verfes of an odd number of fyllables, would have been, for the mod: part at leafr, Trochaics. And then then thefe two Canons would have been founded upon fome fort of probability. You fee, therefore, that it was not without fome reafon that I afked, whv I might not be allowed to turn Bifhop Hare's Iambics into Trochaics, and his Trochaics into Iam- bics ? which indeed, in my fictitious fyfiem of Hebrew metre, I had actually done in fe- veral inftances in the CXIth Pfalm ; as, Odeh javoh becol lebab, befod jeiarim veyedah. gedolim mayafc javoh. * See Metrics Harianae Brevis confutatio. 4 And [ *8 ] And you now fee, that I had fome fort of reafon for doing (o, from the nature of the Jambic and Trochaic Verfe. And further, I had authority for doing fo from the JVIaforetic pointing, accenting, and pronunciation ; which (excepting jahvob, which is quite out of the queftion) are not altered by me in the above lines, but in one word only : whereas they are altered by Bifhop Hare in every word but one. Moreover, the prepofition bc y occurring in each verfe of the firft diftich, being, by 9 your own acknowledgment, really and truly fhort, nay very fhort ; this circumstance alone determines that diflich to be, as I have marked it, Iambic. But perhaps, Sir, you may fay, that I go upon quite a wrong principle in my pretended invefcigation of this matter : that the Bifhop proceeded upon much better and furer grounds: he did not attempt to deduce his Canons of Iambic and Trochaic Verfe from the nature of thofe verfes, as it appears from the Greek, La- tin, and Englifh Poetry; or from the genius of thofe meafures in themfelves, always arbitrary and precarious, and varying with the difter- 9 Preliminary DilTertation, p. 15. Prolegom. in Libb. Poeticos, p. 27. " Fatendum fine dubio eft, (nequeenim " verum diffimubbo) hafce fyllabas [be & ve] Temper " breves fuifle." And yet in his Epiftle, p. 39. he fays, that bifhop Hare denies this very thing ; and this he proves by a quotation from Bifhop Hare ; which quotation in- deed is nothing to the purpofe, for which it is brought. ent t 49 ] enf. genius of nations and languages : he vvenf a furer way to work : he examined all the Pfalms, and found experimentally, that the fact was really fo ; that the vcrfes of an even number of fyllables were Trochaic ; and thofe of an odd number Iambic. Now, Sir, I do take upon me to deny the certainty of this pretended matter of fact, Suppofe I mould affirm, that I have examined all the Pfalms ; and that I have found the matter to be for the moft part quite other* wife; that the verfes of even fyllables are oftener than otherwife Iambics ; and thofe of odd, Trochaics : admitting, what is by no means certain, that the Hebrew Pialms do in- deed confift of Trochaic and Iambic Verfes ; who mall fettle this difpute between us ? what is Bifhop Hare's authority in this cafe ? I I will be bold to fay, not one jot better than mine : for furely I may prefnme to fee Full well as the moft fharp-fight^d man that ever lived, when we are both alike in the fame circumftances of abfolute and inextricable darknefs. It is a cafe, that cannot be refblved by any mortal upon earth : nor can I devifc any method of getting it properly decided but that, which I beiore propofed ; namely, having recourfe to fome Witch of Lin dor, v may alTift us by railing from the dead one ot the antient Prophets. By this time, I hope, I have fully explain- ed to you my meaning in the (hort qucflion D [ So ] or two, which I afked, concerning the two Canons of which we are treating : and you muft excufe me, if I have been too large and diffufe in my explanation ; for, as they flood before, I am fure you did not in the leaft comprehend what I meant, by your giving me anfwers fo very crofs to the purpofe. One of my queftions was, How is it certain, that, when the number of fyllables is even, the verfe is Trochaic ; when odd, Iambic? You anfwer ' this by afking me, Whence is it cer- tain, that this verfe, for example, is a Tro- chaic ? " Woods and groves are of thy drefling." I anfwer, Not at all, as you would intimate, becauie it confifts of an even number of fyllables ; for take away one of the fyllables, it will ftiil be a Trochaic ; " Woods and groves are of thy drefs :" but becaufe, beginning from the hrit, it is accented on the odd fyllables : and fo of your example of the Iambic. Do not you fee, that the verfes confifling of an even or odd number of fyllables, and their being accented on the even or odd fyllables, which lait is the only thing that determines them to be Tro- chaic or Iambic, are two things intirely dif- tinct and different, and that have no kind of connection or relation to one another ? I afk again, Does this (that is, the Trochaic's con- • Epift. p. 2$. fifting t j[I ] lifting ojf even fyllables, and the Iambic of odd) neceffarily arife from the nature of the Trochaic and Iambic Verfe ? Yes, you fay % it does : For Trochaic Verfes are to be ac- cented on the odd fyllables, and Iambic on the even. The very fame anfwer in effect, rindjuft as wholly befide the purpofe, as the foregoing. I fhall fay no more of Bifhop Hare's Four principal Canons : but after what I have fiid of them, I mall now venture to fet them down, and to fubjoin to them the Four prin- cipal Canons, which I oppofed to them in my fictitious fyftem. I. tc In the Hebrew Poetry the feet are all " difTyllables. II. " There is no regard had to the quan- . 851 b'6. JEJpift, p. jj. D 3 I 54 ] " in a very great number of words {in quant u plurimis vocibusj will be known alfo : " And of what kind the ratio of the He- " brew Poetry is, you may certainly collect *' from the ingenium of the Hebrew Lan- " guage : " And of what fort is the ingenium of V the Hebrew Language, is fufficiently ap- " parent from hence, that Metrical Verfes *' cannot be written in it : " And that Metrical Verfes cannot be " written in it, is fufficiently clear from the " multitude of long fyllables, and the paucity " of fhort ones ; that is, from the frequency " of the confonants, as Le Clerc has demon- " flrated in his DifTertation on the Hebrew " Poetry." You further confirm this in your Prolego- mena 6 by the teflimony of Ifaac Voffius ; who obferves, c that the greater number of 6 vowels there is in any language, the more * perfect it is to be efteemed ; and the fewer, ' the more rude it will be, and the more un- c fit for Metrical Verfes/ Now I beg leave to afk, how you came to be fo well informed as to your firft principle, from which you deduce all this curious rea- foning ? how did you inveftigate and find out the proportion, which the number of Vowels bore to that of the Confonants in the Hebrew 6 Ibid. living living Language ? You fet out with acknow- ledging, that the Vowels have been loft a- bove thefe two thoufand years ; you do not receive the doctrine of the Maforites as in- fallible ; no more did Le Clerc : by what rule therefore do you make this computation ? But Bifhop Hare has corrected and reformed the Maforetical doctrine of the Vowel points. Does he pretend then to have reftored to us the genuine Hebrew Vowels, and to have given us the true antient pronunciation of Hebrew, as far as it depends on the Vowels ? If he does, are we to take his word, and be- lieve implicitly, that he has rightly and infal- libly performed, what every man of common fenfe muft know to be abibhitdy impofiible for any mortal to perform ? Nay, what Biihop Hare himfelf has often in effect confeffed t>> be now impoflible 7 , and even to have b« impoffible for the Maforites to have performed many centuries ago; though much bettor Qualified, than he, or any one now can be, to do it, by the traditionary pronunciation delivered down to them in a continued fuc- ceflion from their ancestors? But Biihop Hare himfelf does not pretend to lb much : he expreiTes his doubts with regard to the 7 See Mare, Prolcgom. p. xliv. 1. li. " Nee prok-it<~» *' in ulla lingua vera pronuntUndi ratio certu fciri potcft, " nifi ab iis qui viva voce loquentes audierint cos, qui- " bus lingua, de qua agitur, fuerit vernacuh." I! de metris comicis, p. liv. D 4 nun [ 56 ] number of vowels, and the number of fyl- lables, in many forts and clafTes of words, which comprehend a confiderable part of the language; and in particular with regard to two cafes B ; which being left indeterminate and free to be ufed either way, as he does in reality leave them, he confefles it would be fo enormous a licence, that the art of Hebrew Verification, very eafy otherwife, would be rendered fti\\ fo much more eafy, as to be-? come no art at all. I am amamed to fpend fo many words to prove to you, what you muff be confeious of yourfelf: namely, that you do not know, what the true proportion was of the vowels to the Confonants in the genuine pronunci- ation of the Hebrew Language ; nor even, what it was nearly. You do not certainly know, but that lb me of the letters, (three or fpur of them) which we now take for Con- fonants, were really Vowels. There are great authorities B for this opinion ; which, I be- lieve, has never been effectually and alto- gether difproved. I will venture to add, that you do not certainly know, but that the pro- portion of the Vowels to the Confonants might be as great in the Hebrew, as it is in the Latin, and even in the Greek. You may * Sec HARE, Hebr. Pfal. Addenda, p. 1-4. & Pro- |egom. p. xivii, xlviii. * ORiOEN', JeRQJ4, CaPPELLVJ, WALTON, SlMOK, fcc. perhaps t 57 1 perhaps think yourfelf fure in your nega«- tive here ; but I mall exhibit to you an ex- periment, which may poiTibly ftagger your faith. The truefi idea, which we can now get of the antient pronuntiation of Hebrew, is in all probability to be had from the remains of Qrigen's Hcxapia. He has given us the ex- preihon of it in Greek Letters, according to the pronunciation that obtained in his time. His authority in this cafe is greatly fuperior to that of the Maforetes, ac he lived (according the opinion almoit. univerfally prevailing among the learned) many centuries before the Ma- foretes had completed their fcheme of Punctu- ation : and the examples, which are preferved in thole remains, are much more ample and fatisfactory, than what we find in the Septua- gint, where we have only the like exprefiion of proper names. Here follow the three firit verfes of Gcneiis, exprefled by Origen in Greek Letters. 2. Ouaa^eg uiiuoc 9cocv ou&oou, Ovutrtx «lA (pvi (leco/u,, cvptvt} ehusifx y,a.Qa.i(piQ aX (pve ocuxifx. 3. OvMf/Uta iXweifA., Hi uq, ouiei cog. Now in this piece of Hebrew, taken the fir ft that offered, according to Origen, the Vowels are to the Confonants almoit double jn number, eighty-one to forty-five. I will Jet this argument reft here, till you (hall produce an intire paifage, of eo^ual length, taken t 5 8 1 taken at pleafure, from any Greek author, profe or verfe, in which the number oj" the Vowels fhall bear to that of the Confonants a greater proportion. Another argument in fupport of the Harian Metre, and a favourite one too, I fuppofe, for it is frequently and confidently urged; arifes from the evidence and teftimony of antient Verlions, and of parallel places j the coincidence of the fenfe with the Metre, and the great light thrown upon difficult paffages by the help of the Metre : all which con- firm and prove the truth of the Bifhop's Hy- pothecs. Let us ftate this argument fairly, and fee what it amounts to. Bifhop Hare has made a great number of alterations, and emendations, as they are called, in the Hebrew Text of the Pfalms : fome upon the authority of the antient Verfions and parallel places, others merely conjectural, fuggefted by the fenfe, the grammar, the context, and fome by the Metre alone. Now the whole of this evidence muft be laid to- gether, before we can form a proper judg- ment upon it, and proceed to a well-grounded conclufion. If the antient Verlions, the par- allel places, the context, the grammatical conftruclion, fome or more of them, fome- times give evidence in favour of the rectified Metre, the fame witnefles, in conjunction with the Hebrew Text, at other times de- pofe [ 59 1 pofe directly againft it. It is very unreason- able to expect, that we mould be fo partial to the metrical Hypotheiis, as to confider only the favourable, and wholly to difrcgard the unfavourable part of the evidence. The fair and right way of proceeding is certainly to take both into confederation ; to weigh all circumftances; to balance one part againft: another ; and to fee the refult of the whole. To fet this matter in a clear light, I {hall give a plain example of this procefs upon one of Bifhop Hare's Plalms ; taking the firft of them, that affords a Sufficient number of emendations ; but in no other refoecl, that I know of, more proper for my purpofe, than any other whatever ; and that mail be Pfalm II. From this Pfalm I (hall produce all the alterations that are made, in which the new Metre is concerned, fee whether the above witneiTes depofe for or againft it, and fairly fum up the evidence. Period 2. line 1. 7^/jitjazzebu : vat added for the Hike of the Metre. * The Hebrew Text, and tjie antient Verfions, depofe againft this addition. The Editor fays, the (cnic requires it : this witnefs, being crofs examined, fays no fuch thing. The evidence againft the Metre. Ibid. 1. 0. jab for jabvob : no other evi- dence in this cafe, but the Hebrew Text; and this againft the Metre. P - t 60 ] P. 3. I. I. et ftruck out, for the fake of the Metre. The Hebrew Text againft this omifTion : no other evidence appears. Againft the Metre. P. 8. 1. 2. baggoim: bag added for the fake of the Metre. The Hebrew Text, and antient verfions, againft the addition : in par- ticular the Greek Verfion, which has e#nj with- out the article; though the Greek idiom much inclined to admit it, and would certainly have done fo, had the tranflators found it in their copies. Here the Editor fummons jn favour of the addition a parallel place, Pf. exxxv. 12. (I fuppofe, it fhould be 15.) This witnefs upon examination has nothing to fay to the point. Againft the Metre. P. 11. 1. 1. jab for jabvob, as before. Againft the Metre. P. 12. 1. 2. Midderec : mid added for the fake of the Metre. Greek and Latin Verfion, and the Construction, for the addition. I add likewife the Syriac Verfion. The evi- dence of the Hebrew Text fet afide in this cafe. Evidence for the Metre. Ibid. 1. 4. veaihre : ve added for the fake of the Metre. Hebrew Text, and antient verfions, againft the addition. The fenfe, called in in favour of the addition, hath nothing to depofe. Againft the Metre. In Pfalm II. the emendations having been examined, the evidence againft the new Metre, 1 ariiing t 61 ] arifing from thence, is to that for the new Metre, as fix to one* Now if you think, that upon examining the whole book of Pfalms in this manner, the evidence of this kind will turn out in fa- vour of the new Metre, contrary to what it has done in this one Pfalm, you may try it, and let us know the refult of your inquiry : if you think otherwife, or mould rind it upon trial even more unfavourable, you had better drop this argument, and never urge it again for the future. I muit obferve here, that the Harian Metre depending intirely upon the even or odd number of fyllablcs in each verfe, it is but an even chance whether any given alteration, which the fenfe, the conftruction, the parallel places, or the antient Verfions, may iiiggeft, coincide with the Metre, or not -, and though there mould be no foundation at all for the Hypothefis, thefe teflimonies may be expected to appear as often in favour of the Metre, as againfl it. But confidering the licences allow- ed of in the Harian, Metre, and the various ways of extending or contracting words, and making them of more or fewer fyllablcs, and even of dividing the fame word between dif- ferent vcrfes ; the chances are much in lavour of the Metre, and it is great odds, but any given reading may with a little management be accommodated to it, and any given emenda* tion be let off fo as to feem to countenance it. t 62 ] it. This will moreover fuflkiently account for the coincidence of the Hebrew Text of the Pfalms with the Bifhop's fcheme, fo far as it has fucceeded, helped out with fuch a number of alterations as he has ad- mitted. And it is very fairly to be prefumed, that with the fame licences, and the fame liberty of alteration, any part of the Hebrew Bible may be accommodated and adjufted to thefaid Metre. This objection has often been made; and * it has been affirmed by thofe vtfho have tried it, that the experiment has been attended with fuccefs. It has been anfwered on the other hand *, and that on experiment too, by a flat denial of the poffibility of the thing. What remains in this cafe, but to put the thing to the trial, and to exhibit the experi- ment; which no one yet on either fide has thought it proper, or worth while, to do. But firft with regard to two conditions, which are infifted upon as neceffary in this procefs ; namely 3 , that the period be aptly divided, and the fentence be ended with the * See Edwards, Prolegomena, p. lii. % " Aufim affirmare, (quod etiam expertus loquor) *' plane a.hva]ei/ efle, falvis principiis, quibus Harii me- *' trica nititur, ullum ex prolaicis veterid teilamenti libris, *' (immo vel unicam periodum, aut comma) nedum ullum " alium librum alia quavis lingua cor.fcriptum, in ver- ** ficulos metrice dividere." Ibid. 9 Ibid. p. 113. Verfe ; t 63 ] Verfe $ it is to be obferved, that if thefc con- ditions are neceflary, there is at once an end of Bifhop Hare's Scheme: at this rate per- haps half of his Trochaics and Iambics muft be thrown out of his Pfalter. The truth of the matter is; the moft apparent and general Characteriftic of the Hebrew Poetry is its being laid out into fentences nearly equal, and in fome fort parallel ; fo that the limits of the Verfes for the moft part probably co- incided with the paufes of the fentences. This is plainly feen in the Book of Job, and in the Proverbs, and in many of the Pfalms. But it is not univerfal : there are many others of the Pfalms, which are in the whole, or in part, very irregular in this refpecl: : thefe cannot be reduced to Harian Metre upon the above mentioned conditions : Bifhop Hare himfelf could not do it. The con- ditions therefore are not neceifary upon his principles 4 : and it will be fully furKcicnt for the fupport of the above objection, and the fuccefs of the experiment, if any given part of the Hebrew Bible, confefledly profe, can be reduced to fuch Harian Metre, as may be juftified by examples from the Harian 4 u Manifeftum eft Singulos vcrfus fingulos (enfui " non exponere. Quamvis plerumque verum lit, (inguloi vatimalle haare^ otam. vajakam melee Kadaf yal mi^raim, felo jaday et jofep. toricus : iilios numerat undecim, qui cum patre fuo in ^Egyptum migraverunt; quonam igiturin loco, nil! in hoc, mentionem porro faceret duodecimi, qui jam antea fuifiet in iEgypto? Nonne ex- pettaret lcclor Hebrseus numeri illius duodenarii, inter ipfos tan- topcre celebrati, completionem apiau; atque ante omnia facien- dam ? Ne itaque foiemnis Patriarchamm Catalogus imperfe&us ac plane /*Hoi>ps evaderet* erat hie fubinjicienda Jofephi mentio. Putafne item vatem noftrum in metrica Hebraia adco fuifle rudem et indoclum, ut verfus lambicos et Trochaicos inicite mifceret : duos poneret lambicos, turn unicum Trochaicum ; duos iterum lambicos, et unicum Trochaicum r" cujus ordinis exemplum fruftra requires, cum nullam ejus fecerit mentionem magnus hujufce arris jamdudum deperdita; initaurator et vo^oG/Irj; Harius ! Apage a vate omnium ixuaix.ujo.ru iftiufmodi dedecus ! Scribarum iilhxc funt facinora. Reduc in priilinam fedem tertium membrum commatis quinti, et fubjunge commati quarto; jam fana et fincera, lucida et bene ordinata, concinna et numerofa, erunt omnia. Habes Periodum primam quatuor Trochaicis verficulis conftantem ; fecundam, quatuor Iambicis -, tertiam porro, ut mox oftendam, Iambicis et Trochaicis duobus alternantibus. Tranf- pofitioni autem illius membri adilipulatur verfio LXX feniorum, nunc ordinem, autographo Mofis haud dubie confonum, ut ex Metro potiffimum liquet, manifelle prx fe ferens. Vide autem quam fcite ac belle hanc fecundam Periodum interpunxerunt Maforets illi, criucorum, fi diis placet, Cory- phaei! [ 7* 1 . spy* -p* *ay* i^d: ^ *n*i s. t£>£tf D*yn^ .... vrw Sm t)DV ro*i 6. ins Smp» *m 7. 1Mb nana ibwn : QnK pan rSdjti : t]Di» rut vn* ^ "WK phxi ! Tricolor!, quod uno membro avulfo ex Tetracolo fcribse confecerant, in tria Monocola, monltrum in Hebraea Poefi in- auditum, per totidem fopb-pafukim difcindentes. Amove, fades, ac furcillis ejice importunas iflas interpunctiones ; et membra infcite disjun&a in unam Periodum recollige. Suadet hoc, cum fententiae et conftrucuonis ratio, turn Metrorum inter fe congru- entia et aequalitas. io. Quantas turbas inter Commentatores et Criticos excita- verit hie locus cum Ac~t. vii. 14. collatus, quantumque a;ltuaverint in Propheta et Evangelilla in concordiam reducendis, nemo eft paulo in his Uteris verfatior, qui nefciat. Adi modo Wolhi Curas Philologicas in Adta Apoftolorum loco citato, qui plerorumquc fententias difientientes rccenfet ; quibus auditib, dices fortaiTc cum Comico illo fene : " feciftis probe: incertior lum multo, quam dudum." Multi in Codd. Novi Teftamenti, quah hoc in loco depravatos, culpam rcjiciunt: ubi pro «n#i lcgi volunt 1«?, Jac. Cap- pellus : intoleranda audacia, contra conltantem omnium MSS fidem et confenfum. Ego unius Metrices ope evincam, Lucr locum fanum elTe, itemque hoc in loco LXX Intt. Yerlionem, qua; cum Luca confenut ; Mofis iplius textum in mendo cubare : quod nunquam fufpicati funt Critici, crniTa et pudenda metri Hebrari ignorantia pracpediti. Vide enim, ut nunc ic liabct le&io Hebrxi Codici?, quantopcre laborct incuum . vihi col neperjo^i jcrcc jaykol) . . . . ribyim na'peT : E 4. f 72 ] vajomer cl yam mo ; 20. hinnch pam bene ifrael rab Veya^iim mimmennu ; habah ?ia i nitliacmah lo. pen jirbeb, vebajah ci tikrenw milJiamab, venofap gam hu 25. I'al fonenu, venilfiam banu, veyahh min haare^. vajafimu yalaiv fare miffim, lemayan yanoto befiblotam : vajiben j/arg mifcenot leparyoh, 30. et pitom, v'et rayamfes. turn amoto ac tranfpofito altcro illo membro, quod fuperiori Periodo fubjiciendum modo demonftravi, fequitur, vejamat jofep vecol efiaiv, vecol hador hahu. Sentis nimirum unam alteramque voculam e fecundo verficulo ex- cidifle, qua; ad fupplendum verfum Trochaicum, verficulo al- terno fequenti refpondentem, defiderantur : ipfas nimirum voces, quas LXX Intt. et Lucas in fuoexemplari legerunt, tamijah *vfibyim naper* tptVTt y.cu l£&o[jt.r,y.oiiTx, LXX. sGctopwoiTx y.xi warty LuC3S. Nota autem vocem t^£3J» F r0 persona, mafculino genere fxpiufcule venire: vid. Gen. xlvi. 22, 25. et Jer. lii. 30. Hanc autem Jeclionem etiam hiflorias Veritas poftulat. Recenfet Mofes Jacobi familiam, qua; una cum ipfo in ^Egyptum migravit. Quid vero ? nonne uxorum filiorum familias, quotquot erant fuperltites (nam Humerus incertus eft) habenda erat ratio ? An cuiquam perfuaferis, Mofen in ea Anile fententia, ut, cum barbaris quibufdam hodi- ernis, negaret mulieres animabus efle prxditas, adecque inter animas numerari non debuifle ? Dices fbrtafTe, nurus Jacobi non pone cenferi in illorum numero, qui e femore Jacobi procefle- runt. Vah! quafi ita ad vivum refecanda eflet Mofis locutio: nuius funt filia:familias, adcoque familfe pars ; atque id f'clum voluit [ 73 1 iS nwrinj • • mn 10. rutnpfi o rvm pdS» jo >*in m tpui noma in orfai mop Sp to»DJ? np V7y low ii. nnsb j-todds nv p«i voluit Mofes. Quid ? num Jacobus ipfe ex fuomet ipfius femore prodiit ? Quod ut affirmes, ceque necefTe eft ; nam certum eftjaco- bum in numero feptuaginta perfonarum includi, ft pro eo numero pugnas, ejufque veram rationem inire velis. Conftat enim per- fonas ex femore Jacobi revera egreffas, quae cum ipfo in ^Egyptum migraverunt, fuifte numero fexaginta fex : vide Gen. xlvi. 8 — 26. adde Jofephum, duofque ejus filios, et Jacobum ipfum, numerum habes feptuaginta. Sed Jofephus, duoque ejus filii, erant prius in yEgypto, nee cum Jacobo in JEgyptum migraverunt ; adeoque perfonis hie annumeratis accenferi non poflunt. Itaque numero fexaginta fex adde novem nurus ; (nam Judac uxor in Cananxa jam ante decefferat, Gen. xxxviii. 12. et una prieterea aliqua reliquarum ;) jam habes numerum feptuaginta quinque capitum familise Jacobi, qua: cum ipfo in yEgyptum migravit. Dc locis autem vatis noftri huic parallelis binis, Gen. xlvi. 27. Deut. x. 22. pofthac videro, libros iftos, in verficulos item difpofito?, et Menkes ope integritati fuae reltitutos, aliquando donaturiij. 1 8. felo. " Heb. afer. Quod plene quidem fcribitur ; fed " metrum potlulat, ut contradte legatur fe, ut fa-pc alias." Hare in Pfalm i. verfic. 1 2. 22. HacinPeriodo alicubi laborat metrum. Repofui pardcalam ft} in ultimo verliculo ; cujus veftigium c.vtat in wili-. c Imt. t 74 J vecaaier jeyannu oto, cen jirbeh, vecen jipro^; vajaku^u mipnt bene ifrael : vajaybidu mi^raim 35. et bene ifrael beparec. vaimararu et Kajehem, bayabodah kdrah : baKomer ubilbenim, ubecol yabodah baiadeh, 40. vett col pabodatam, afer j/abdu bahem beparec. vajomer melee mi^raim lamejaldot hapibrijot, fefem haeriat Fiprah, 45. veiem haienit puyah : vajomer bejalledcen hayibrijot, ureiten yal haobnaim, im ben hu, vahamitten 6to> v'im bat hi, vvfaajetab. Intt. Exemplar. Vat. Awn OYN xa-aaof «c-^£&*. Eft ct alia ratio iithoc ulcufculum fanandi ; hoc modo : vajomer el yammo : hinneh yam bens ifrael, hamon rab, ve/aya^pm mimmennu j habah nitKacmah lo : mmirum fupplendo lacunas tertii verCculi ex verfione Grajca, quse fie habet ; y.ty* - ^ed P r * us pl acet 5 ut minus recedens a textu Hebrso. 23. Tikrc*« I IS ] Tptf pi nn*v p .finso nnn 13. DFi^n na man 14. rwp rnaja D^n*?ni nora mw mny torn ormy *» rta • . :T»an Dm my 1*n Bmfa Ytt mm >s- nnnvn rrfrofr rra^ nnan CMP *uptf : nyifl rtwn ben nvwn ntf pita na^n 16. vw {nam Mlh p dk j rvm win nn oto 23. Tikrenw. Ita omnino legendum, cum Cod. Sam. LXX. Intt. et aliis compluribus veteium. Quod ad mctrum auinet, nihil intereft. 28. " Hebr. limayan, inquit Harius ; fed diflyllabum efle " ubicunque occurrit, omnia excmpla monftrant." Not. in Pfalm. v. 18. Verum, quod pace tanti au&oris dixcrim, hoc in loco eft evidens exemplum in contrariam partem. 40. t/mh. Ita MS. Erfurt. 3. (vide Bib. Hcl>. Michaelis) proculdubio re&e : deeftenim fyllaba ad explendum vcrficulum. 46. Hob. [ 7(> ] 50. vatirena hamejaldot et haelohim, velo yafu caafer dibber elehen melec mi^raim, vatefiajena ct hajeladim. vajikra pdrvob lamejaldot, 5$. vajomer lahen, maduy yafiten hadabar hazeh, vateftajena et hajeladim. vatomarna hamejaldot el pharyoh, ci 16 canafhim 60. hami^rijot hayibrijot, ci riajot henab, beterem tabo elehen hamejaledet vejaladu. vajg^eb elohim lamejaldot ; vaireb hay am, vajaya^mu meod. 46. Heb. et hayibrijot : fed omittenda eft, metri gratia, par- ticula et ; vel forfan, quod magis fufpicor, vox t-njomer, a librariis otiofe et inutiliter repetita ab initio commatis praecedentis. 49. Vide modo, quam turpiter rurfum hallucinati funt ofci- tantes fcribae ; qui nobis hie exhibent i-atajah, craflb errore, et manifefto folcecifmo, pro •vatajetba, quod habet Cod. Sam. quam le&ionem, haud dubie finceram, reftituimus. Metrum quod attinet, perinde erit, feu in eodem verficulo «o'/'« legamus fAsxxrtAXa&xi.'j, feu yale verficulo fecundo; ut hujus periodi fecundus ct quartus fint Trochaici. Prius pra^tulimus ; quoniam ne lit— terulam quidem in Textu facile mutamus fine codicum vel ver- fionum antiquarum au&oritate, una vocula excepta, fe pro afer. 54. Pro paryob hoc in loco textus Hebra;us habet melec mizjraim ; incuria librariorum, qui e duabus locutionibus fynonymis aliquo- ties recurrentibus unam pro altera, uti fit, pofuerunt. Quorum errorem palam facit vel ipfe contextus : nam poitquam dixiffet Mofes, " Et accerfivit Pharao obftetrices;" addit, plane con- grue ad priorem loquendi formam, M Et refponderunt obitetrices Pharaoni." t 77. ] d^kh rw rrh^r\ limn 17. :cn>n na t»nm rra in 4 ? -can nrn ~i:nn inw 'rti^on n-'^m 19. dwd jA *j rrna to *rraj?n nny»n snn onpn pitfi nvn o :nSn niTbh inStf : iko idiot ron rw Pharaoki." Sed et lecYionem paryob prorfus efflagitat metrum ; quippe quod aliter redo talo ftare omnino non poteft. Atquc hanc infignem emendationem, a Metro depoftulatam, plane con- firmat Cod. Sam. 68. En verficulum in textu Hebrceo & fenfu & metro pariter mancum et imperfedtum ! Inducitur Pharao fuis mandata edens, hoc modo : " Mafculum omnem, quicunque natus fuerit, in " fluvium projicite." Papa; ! quid audio ? quid fibi vult Rex ^gyptius ? num ut mafculos infantes omnes, fuos etiam una cum Hebrans, nullo difcriminc, mittcrent illico in prollucntem? Egregium vero >aow.nx hxuiv ! hominem, feu potius belluam, vc- cordem' atque immanem ! Tu vero, fi me audis, in Iibrarios itupidos et ibmnilentos omnem culpam rejicito. Nos li vocem, quam ifti fupina negligenlia pratermifcrunt, in fedem fuam poll- liminio rcvocamus, ecquid eric prctii? Eccam ipfam prorfus: col haben hajillod leyibrim,] Qvzm, [ 7« ] 65. vajehi, ci jareu hamejaldot et haelohim, vajayaf lahem battim, vaje^av paryoh lecol yammo lcmor, col haben, hajillod leyibrim, hajorah taflicuhu, 70. vecol habat teKajun. Quam, quod fan&e adfeverare poflum, Metrum ipfum primitus fuggeffit ; turn fenfus, Cod. Sam. LXX. Intt. firmaverunt. I nunc, et nega Metricen Hebraeam in vera Codicis Hcbraci ledtione inftauranda quicquam proficere ! Sed haec haftenus, in primum folummodo Exodi Caput : quse ros levi opera, et plane ay-rocrpcEaiw?, m chartam conjecimus ; non eum locum ideo feligentes, quod in eo plura, quam in alio fere quovu [ 7? ] mVsn i*n» K* W1 ii- td*6 i»y Hob nynD w 22. . , . ytm \in Sd ; ivnn ran boi quovis Pentateuch! capite, ope Metrlces reftituere nos et emendare pofie confideremus ; fed fortuito incidentes, periculi tantum et fpeciminis caufa. Tu autem, Lector, his laboris noftri primitiis utere, fruere ; fed totum hoc, quantumcunque eft, prseclaro Harii reperto acceptum refer, et Genio Metrites Hebra^x inftauratori, fyfpitatori, itatori, hecatomben litato. I have [ 8o ] I have now purfued this fubject as Far as I intended ; much further perhaps than it will be thought nccclTary for me to have done. And, I think, I have mewn, what the Hebrew Metre is not ; namely, that it is not Bifliop Hare's Metre. But I cannot venture to pro- ceed upon that axiom, on which you, Sir, fo very much infill j and to conclude, that, " from * knowing, negatively, what it is not, «' we may with great certainty collect, po- " fitively, what it is." On the contrary, I find, I mufl be fatisfied with much lefs fan- guine pretentions, and content myfelf with joining in the humble wifh of Cicero : " Uti- " nam tarn facile pofTem vera invenire, quam " falfa convincere !" You may pofiibly tell me again, that, in- ftead of confuting the Bifhop's fyflem, I have made a joke of it, and turned it to ridicule. All the apology which I fhall offer upon this occafion, if any be thought needful, is this : that if an object, by being placed in a proper, a juft, and a true light, appears ridiculous -, he who fo placeth it, is not to be blamed -, the fault is not in him, but in the object itfelf. One word more, Sir, and I have done. It may be expected, that I mould give fome reafon, why i do not anfwer your Latin Epiftle in the fame language. The plain truth of 1 Edwards Preliminary Diflcrtation, p. 18. Prolcgom. in Libb. Poeticos, p. 32. the C 81 ]| the matter is this : as foon as I had read and confidered your Epiftle, I fat down to write to you my thoughts more at large upon the fubjeci, merely for your private perufal, with no defign of making them public ; being very unwilling to try the patience of my readers any more upon fo dry, fo unfruitful, and fo unedifying an argument. When I had written about half of what you now fee, finding it run to fuch a length, and fo far Hill from drawing to a conclulion, I threw it afide with difguft and indignation ; and de- termined never to trouble myfelf any more, or you at all, with it. Almoft a year after- wards I happened to light upon my papers : I looked them over, having then quite for- gotten the particular contents of them ; and finding what I had written to be clear, as I thought, and conclutive, I was induced to refume my defign -, but could not per- fuade myfelf to take the trouble of altering the form of it : and I imagined, that it might poflibly be of further ufe than I at firft propofed. When an Hypothecs coil ftrongly recommended under the fandtion of a great name ; when it is confidently appealed to as firmly and unquestionably eftablifhed, and urged as fufficient warrant for intro- ducing, or even confirming, emendations and alterations of the Hebrew Text of the r Ioly Scriptures; the matter, however ihfigiiificant F in I 82 3 in itfelf, becomes of real importance in lis confequences, and merits ferious attention, and a ftridt examination. And when men of learning and genius mifapply their labours, and throw away their abilities, in the purfuit of a mere fbadow; and by their example and authority draw after them younger ftu- dents, capable of better things, into the fame vain purfuit -, to convince them and others of the delufion they are under, is faving ufe- ful hands to the public, and doing a general fervice to the Common-wealth of Letters, I am, Reverend S I R, your moft humble Servant, Nov. 20, 1765. R. LOWTH, ERRATA. p. 17. 1. 27. r. attempt, 28. 16, r. and hell, as >lyeivl BOOKS printed for A; Millar in the Strand, and J. Dodslev in Pali-Mall. D E Sacra Poefi Hebraeorum Praele&iones Academics, Oxonii habitx a Roberto Lowth, D. D, Johannis Davidis Michaelis, Philof. Profefl*. Ord. et Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Goettingenfis Collegae in Roberti Lowth Praelectiones de facra Poefi Hebrseorum Notae et Epimetra: ex Goettingenfieditione Praeleclionum. The Life of William of Wykeham, Bifhop of Wj'n- chefter, collected from Records, Regifters, MSS. and other authentic Evidences, by Robert Lowth, D. D. A ftiort Introduction to Englifh Grammar, with critical Notes. Two Editions, one on Writing Paper, price 3s. and the other for the Ufe of Schools, price is. 6d. A Letter to the Right Reverend Author of the Divine Legation of Mofes demonftrated ; in anfwer to an Ap- pendix to the Fifth Volume of that Work: With an Ap- pendix, containing a former Literary Correfpondence, by a late Profeflbr in the Univerfity of Oxford, the 4th Edition. % UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles I his Ixxik is in I. on i lie last date stamped bdow. Form L9-50m-7, '54 (5990)444 UCLA-Young Research Librar PJ4774 .L95I 1 1 linn i L 009 558 765 5 A 001 246 611 ,;"