LUDUS PATRONYMICUS; 
 
 THE ETYMOLOGY OF COKIOUS SURNAMES. 
 
LUDUS PATEONYMICUS; 
 
 THE ETYMOLOGY OF CUBIOUS SUBNAMES. 
 
 BY 
 
 RICHARD STEPHEN CHARNOCK^ PH. DR., 
 
 F.S.A., F.R.G.S., &c. 
 
 " Xomen, Numen." 
 
 Naso in Ciceronetn 
 
 LONDON : 
 TROBNER & CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 
 1868. 
 
I'HIXTEU BY 
 CHAUI.EP JONES, WEST HARDING ST11KKT. 
 
TO 
 
 IAKK ANTONY LOWEB, 1LA,, P.S.A., 
 of Jafnrapica gritaunica, 
 
 THIS WORK IS DEDICATED BY 
 
 A FELLOW-LABOURER IN THE FIELD OF 
 ETYMOLOGICAL RESEARCH. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAOE 
 AVANT-COURIER ix 
 
 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF PECULIAR SURNAMES, ARRANGED 
 
 ALPHABETICALLY 145 
 
AVANT-COURIER. 
 
 THE custom of giving nicknames has been common to all 
 nations ; but we have many curious surnames that are not 
 nicknames at all. In England and Wales alone the number 
 of names that might be termed odd or curious would 
 scarcely be credited, without first perusing the Registrar- 
 General's List of Peculiar Surnames.* I once showed this 
 List to my etymological friend, Aretchid Kooez, who forth- 
 with sat down, and struck off some passages of his Life in 
 what he calls Patronymic Language. f Gentle and Simple 
 Readers must accept this in part payment of a preface. My 
 quaint friend begins thus : 
 
 I Wass J Born In Summersett, Hon a Monday, In July, Hat 
 an Early Hour of the Morning, Howlong Back I Forget; Butt 
 Long since the Diet of Worms And the Battle of Waterloo. 
 Thayer Wass a Comet Hat the Time [Good Hor Bad Omen?']. 
 My Father Wass a Weaver And Had a Pretty Wife, Hoo 
 Had a Small Foot And Hand, And wore Herr Hone Hair. 
 Thaer Ware Six Children, Arfin Boys, Arfin Girls (Blond 
 
 * Selected from the Indexes of Births registered in the quarter ending 
 31st March, 1831, and of Deaths registered in the corresponding quarter 
 of 1853. 
 
 f I shrewdly suspect that friend Kooez must have also dived into 
 Bowditch's work on American Names. 
 
 J All the words in Italics are found as surnames. 
 
X AVANT-COURIER. 
 
 And Dark). I Had Ten Cousins, Many Uncles, And Lots of 
 Quaintances. My Daddy Wass a Jolly Fellow, Wass " fond 
 of His Friend And Bottle And Got Mellow ;" And, Twice 
 Making His Last Will And Test, Dyde Worth a Plum. One 
 Uncle Wass a Great Tippler And Dyde of Dropsie; a Second 
 a Gamester, a Third a Devil of a Rake. My Father Wass a 
 Jew, One Brother a Morman ; the Rest Ether Turks Hor 
 Pagans, And Ure Humble Servant a Christian. My Elder 
 Brother Wass a Tidy Pecker, And (Honour Bright) didn't 
 Drink Water, I Can Tell You. Just Look Hat His Bill of 
 Fare for Fruhstuch {Breake Fast}, Tiffin, i. e. Lunch, And 
 Dinner. 
 
 Friihstuck. 
 
 Tea, Coffee (Au Lait) With Milk, Coldham, Hotham t 
 Eggs And Bacon, Herrings, Haddock, Muffins, Rolls, Bread 
 And Butter, And a Segar. 
 
 Lunch. 
 
 Bitters, Cheese, Butter, Bread, Ham And Chicken, Ale, 
 Porter, Stout, Sherry, Ceider, And a Pipe. 
 
 Dinner. 
 [Grace Beevor Meals.'] 
 
 Pea Soup, Mulloy Kit Tauney, Gravy, Turtle, Hare, 
 Pheasant, Spring, Westerjield White. 
 
 Salmon, Turbot Au Bechamel, Codd And Oyster Sauce, 
 Soles, Skate, Smelts, Sprats, White Bate, Trout in Wine, 
 Plaice, Sturgeon, Grey Mullet With Caper Sauce, W hi tiny, 
 Perch, Carp, Jack, Eels. 
 
AVANT-COURIER. XI 
 
 Roast Beef And Batter Pudding, Mutton With Onion 
 Sauce On" Capers, Lamb, Veal, Hogsflesh And Apple Sauce, 
 With Cabbages, Greens, Carrots, French Beans, Spinnage, 
 Cow Cumbers, Marrows, Kail, And Peas. 
 
 Rabbit, Hare, Leveret, Partridge, Pheasant, Quail, Teal, 
 Snipe, Woodcock, Grouse, Goose, Duck, Duckling, And a 
 Curry of Fowl. 
 
 Jellies, Custards, Ices, Tarts, Seftons, Lemon Pudding, 
 Pies, Apple Charlotte, And Plenty of Sweets. 
 
 Sallade of Mustard And Cress, Lettice With a Clew of 
 Garlick. 
 
 Nuts, Oranges, Olives, Filberts, Apples, Pears, Normandy 
 Pippins, Almonds And Raisins, Plums, Cherries^ Dates, 
 Currants, Melons With Sugar Hor Salt. 
 
 Sherry, Port (Curius Old), Champagne (Clicquot) Ma- 
 deira, Hock, Claret, Cape, Beaune, St. George. 
 
 My Wife His a Darling, Such a Duck of a Spouse, Butt 
 Hon my Soul, How Much Does Not the Slybody Cost Mee 
 for Herr Wardrobe ! Ive to Pay for Beads, Ribbons, Robes, 
 Tapes, Tiffany, Cotton, Silks, Cashmeres. By the Dickens ! 
 Hat Christmas, Hime Prest Like a Lemon for Bonnet, Gown, 
 Shawl, Scarf, Sash, Spencer, Cape, Plume And Feathers ; 
 And Every Winter for a Muff, Tippet. And Furss, And a 
 Cloak With a Hood ; And Now And Then for Pearls, 
 Rubies, Emeralds, And Diamonds. Heavens ! Hime Not 
 Ugly, tho' Tall, And my Head Small; Hime Thin, Slim, 
 And Rather Smallbyhynd. My Skin His Dark [With a 
 Mole Hon my Cheek'], Beard And Whiskers Black, Eyes 
 Brown, Face Round, Neck Short, Skull Thick. My Arm 
 His Slight, my Hand Nothard, Butt my Fist Can Plant a 
 
Xll AVANT-COURIER. 
 
 Good Blow. The Hair Hon my Noddle His Grey, Butt my 
 Knee His Not Bent, my Ear Still Sharp. Summ Call Mee 
 Longfellow, Others (Sans liaison), Greathead. My Heart 
 His In the Right Place, Yet Not Hon the Dexter Side. In 
 the Early Part of my Life I Wass a Weakly Chap, And Had 
 a Deal of Maladies ; Such as Ague, Boils, Fever, Fits, Hic- 
 cups, Cramp, Piles, Rash, Rickets, And Once Had a Piwple 
 Hon my Nose, a Bump Hon my Head, a Whitlow Hon my 
 Finger, And Bunyans And Corns Hon my Foot, By Gum ! 
 \_Physick to the Catts ; Heal Ewer Self, Master Pills]. 
 Ive a Fancy for Music, Love Harmony And Melody, Sing 
 Both Treble And Bass, And Carol Like a Bird. Bugle- 
 horn, Drum, Fiddle, Fife, Harp, Horn, Organ, Hor Tabor, Ar 
 Aul One to Mee.* Ive Been a Great Fisher Man, Butt Summ 
 How Hor Other, I Always Ketch Cold in the Boat [Rather 
 Hard Lines'] ; I Like Rowin, Butt Manage Rudder Better 
 Then Oar Hor Skull. Ive Noe Love for the Chase ; I Cant 
 Jump Hedges And Ditches. Why Breake Neck, Legg, 
 Arms, Hor Shoulder Why Knock Down Wheat, Barley, 
 Oats, Ore Even Tares? [Fow Cant Always Cure the Scarlet 
 Fever. If You Doe Get Hit, Keep Upp Strength And 
 Spirits, Tak Of Blankets, And Hope the Windows']. Hime a 
 Great Smoker [Cant I Blow & Cloud!] ; Many a Pipe Daily ; 
 Near a Pound of Bird's Eye, Shagg, Hor Returns Every 
 Week. Hon Sunday I Tak my Segar, Hor, as Shum Would' 
 have Hit, Weed. Ive Been a Great Traveller, And Such & 
 Walker / Ive Trodden Many Lands, And Wass Once a Pilgrim 
 to Calvary, Galilee, Nazareth, Jordan, Jerusalem, And Gath, 
 
 I once heard Kooez sing " Hime a Homer, 1 ' the " Rover His Free, 1 ' 
 and "Home, Sweet Home." 
 
AVANT-COURIER. Xlll 
 
 without Firman Hor Pass Port. By Jove ! the Weather 
 Does Not Stop Mee ; Hit His Aid the Same ; Fineweather, 
 Fairweather, Merryweather, Even Foulweather. I Delight In 
 Tempest, Snow, Storm, Rain, Shower, Hail, Thaw, Sleet, 
 Frost, Dew, Wind, Fog, Mist, Gale. I Wass Always Parshall 
 to Gambling, And Wass Clever, And Had Luck, Hat Hazard, 
 Faro, Skittles, Billiards, Dice, Chess, Butt Wass Not Once 
 a Prigg Hor Swindler. By the Bye, a Short Time Back, 
 I Had a Law Suit Hat Westminster, lion Circuit, Hor 
 Hat Sessions {Forget Witch~] ; Butt Grant You May have 
 a Just Cause, the Best Counsell [And Pay a Heavy Fee~], a 
 Good Jury [Not a Common Jury~], And a Learned Judge, Hit 
 Does Not Always Folio You Get Justice [Wat Quirks And 
 Tricks /*]. If Hit Goes Agin You, Wait Till Term, And Try 
 for a Rule Nice Eye, Hon Motion, Ore File a Bill ; Darn, 
 the CW/f I Once Went to Church, And the Parson, In 
 His Sermon, Said, if One Wass Just, Had Faith And Trust 
 In the Gospel, And Wass a Truman, In the Camming World, 
 i. e., Paradise, Hor Kingdom of Heaven, One Might Bee 
 a Perfect Man ( Watt Bliss /) ; Butt if One Wass a Badman, 
 after Getting Of Our Mortal Coil, Thayer Wass a Good 
 Chance of Going to the Devil. Cant Say Hime a Croker, 
 Butt Death, Coffins, Churchyards, Graves, Toombs And 
 Monuments Air By Noe Means Pleasant Things. 
 
 Amen, Goodby, Farewell, Byby. 
 
 * "We certainly have Our Law of Many Colours and sorts ; as Black- 
 law, irhitdaw, Brownlaw, Greenlaiv, Shillinglaw, Softlaw. 
 
 f When I got thus far, I exclaimed, in Lingua Patronymica, Fie, 
 Prow Pudor ! But on looking at the orthography and punctuation, I 
 became satisfied that our autobiographer had merely made use of the 
 French peasants' common exclamation, Dame = Bless me ! 
 
XIV AVANT-COURIER. 
 
 Now, although some of the above surnames really mean 
 what they appear to mean, very many of them, like most of 
 those to be found in the body of the present work, are gross 
 corruptions, and the only way to account for their present 
 form is that there is (as Mr. Ferguson justly observes) 
 a tendency to corrupt towards a meaning. Thus Pettycot 
 will easily become Pettycoat; Eyvile Evil; Frick Freak; 
 Hanaper Hamper ; Lepard Leopard; Manley Manly ; Hugh 
 Hue; Sigar Segar ; Bradford Broadfoot ; Kirkbride Cake- 
 bread; Playford Playfoot, &c. &c. 
 
 It struck me that a small work on the subject might be 
 acceptable just now, the more especially as it would enable 
 those burdened with objectionable names, instead of assuming 
 others, to discover the proper orthography of their own 
 names. Thus few would probably change their name from 
 Buggin or Simper to Smith, if they thought they were 
 justified in writing Bacon and St. Pierre. The same might 
 be said of such names as Death, Dearth, and Diaper, 
 from D'Aeth, D'Arth, and D'Ypres respectively. Of 
 course some of the suggested derivations are but reasonable 
 guesses; but good guesses are better than none at all, and 
 may often lead to the truth. The title of the work, LUDUS 
 PATRONYMICUS, was suggested by my friend, the Rev. S. F. 
 Creswell, M.A., Head Master of Dartford Grammar School, 
 Kent, and late Scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, who 
 likewise baptized my VERBA NOMINALIA. 
 
 R. S. C. 
 
 GRAY'S Ixx SQUARE, 
 January, 1863. 
 
WORKS CONSULTED. 
 
 Names, Surnames, and Nicknames of the Anglo-Saxons, 
 
 by J. M. Kemble. London, 1846. 
 Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici, by J. M. Kemble. 
 
 London, 1847. 
 
 Northern Mythology, by B. Thorpe. London, 1851. 
 Grimm's Deutsche Mythologie. Third Edition. Gottin- 
 
 gen, 1854. 
 
 Forstemann's Altdeutsches Namenbuch. Nordhausen, 1 856. 
 Outzen's Glossarium der Friesischen Sprache. Copenhagen, 
 
 1.837. 
 Pott's Personennamen, insbesondere die Familiennamen, 
 
 und ihre Entstehungsarten, &c. Leipzig, 1853. 
 Island's Landnamabok, hoc est Liber Originum. Islandiae, 
 
 Copenhagen, 1774. 
 Worsaae's Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, 
 
 and Ireland. London, 1852. 
 Ueber Deutsche Vornamen und Geschlechts-namen von 
 
 Tileman Dothias Wiarda. 8vo. Berlin und Stettin, 
 
 1800. 
 Vergleichendes etymologisches Worterbuch der gothisch 
 
 teutonischen Mundarten, von Heinrich Meidinger. 4to. 
 
 Francf., 1833. 
 Bosworth's Origin of the English and Germanic Languages 
 
 and Nations. London, 1848. 
 Latham's Ethnology of the British Islands. London, 
 
 1852. 
 
XVI WORKS CONSULTED. 
 
 Glossarium Germanicura, by J. G. Wachter. Leipzig, 
 
 1737. 
 
 V English Etymologies, by H. Fox Talbot. London, 1847. 
 Camden's Remains concerning Britain. 
 Verstegan's Restitution of Decayed Intelligence in Anti- 
 quities concerning our Nation, 1605. 
 A Dissertation of the Names of Persons, by J. H. Brady. 
 
 1822. 
 Remarks on the Antiquity and Introduction of Surnames 
 
 into England, Archa3ologia, vol. xviii. pp. 1 057. 
 Gentleman's Magazine, 1772. 
 Edinburgh Review for April, 1860. 
 Patronomatology, an Essay on the Philosophy of Surnames, 
 
 by Rev. C. W. Bradley, M.A. 8vo. Baltimore, U.S. 
 Essay on Family Nomenclature, by M. A. Lower, M.A., 
 
 F.S.A. London, 1849. 
 y- Patronymica Britannica, a Dictionary of the Family Names 
 
 of the United Kingdom, by M. A. Lower. London, 
 
 18o9. 
 English Surnames and their place in the Teutonic Family, 
 
 by Robert Ferguson. London and York, 1858. 
 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries. 
 Suffolk Surnames, by N. I. Bowditch. London, 1861. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 AGATE. From at-the-gate, one living at or near a gate. 
 
 AGUE. Mr. Ferguson thinks this name is probably the same 
 as the 0. G. Aigua, Aguus, Agio, of which the root may be the 
 O. N. aga, exerceo. Mr. Lower derives it from Fr. aigu, cor- 
 responding with our Sharpe. It may however be same as Agg 
 (U. S. Agg and Agge). The English names Agg, Aggas are 
 from Agatha. 
 
 AIR. Mr. Ferguson thinks this name may be from 0. H. G. 
 aro, err, 0. N. an', an eagle. It is rather from Ayr, cap. of 
 Ayrshire, Scotland. 
 
 AIRY. Mr. Ferguson compares the names Airy, Air, Arrah 
 with the 0. G. Aro and Ara of the seventh century, and the 
 common Scandinavian name Ari, which he derives from O. H. G. 
 aro, ar, 0. N. an', an eagle. Lower says the Cumberland family 
 of Airey consider the name to have been borrowed from an 
 elevated dwelling among the mountains called an eyrie, such 
 designations for residences not being uncommon ; and he says 
 aery also signifies a place for the breeding or training of hawks. 
 The name is more probably the same as Harry, Harrie, for 
 Henry ; or it may even be from Harold. 
 
 ALABASTER. The same with Arblaster ; from 0. E. alUas- 
 tere, a cross -bowman. In the H. R. it is found in Lat. Albales- 
 
 B 
 I 
 
2 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 tarius. " Several of the distinguished archers at the battle of 
 Hastings became tenants in chief under the Conqueror, and are 
 entered in Domesday with the surname of Arbalistarius, or 
 Balistareus or Balistarius. Hence the names Alabaster, Blast, 
 and others " (Lower). 
 
 ALCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 ALEFOUNDER. The ale-founders were ale-tasters or ale- 
 conners. In O. Court Rolls they are called " gestatores cervisi," 
 the term commonly used in the records of Court Leet. Lower 
 classes this term with " ale-draper," and justly calls it a ridicu- 
 lous designation. There is a beer retailer in London of the 
 name of Alefounder. The last part of the name may be from 
 fundo, to pour out. 
 
 ALEMAN". From root of Almond, q. v. Aleman is the name 
 of a German general. 
 
 ALLCARD. The same as the A. S. personal name Alcheard> 
 Cod. Dip. 520 ; perhaps the same as the A. S. name Allward, 
 and the modern names Ailward and Aylward. 
 
 ALLCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 ALLENGAME. See WALKINGHAME. 
 
 ALLPENNY. See HALFPENNY. 
 
 ALLWATER. From some local name compounded of" water." 
 
 ALMOND. The same as Almund, Ellmund, and the jElmund 
 of Domesday ; from G. alf-mund, strong or powerful protector. 
 Ferguson also thinks Almond may be from the A. S. name 
 Alhmund, 0. N. Amundr, from mund, protection. From Almond 
 we doubtless have the names Almon, Ellman, Holman, Oldman, 
 Element. 
 
 ALOOF. From Alf or Alph, for Alfred. 
 
 ALUM, i. q. ALLUM, ALLOM. The same as Hallam ; from 
 Hallam, the name of parishes co. Derby and York. 
 
 ANGER. Some derive this name from hanger, & wooded de- 
 clivity ; but Ainge, Ainger, Anger, Angier, Augier, Aunger (some- 
 times pronounced Ainger), and Aungier are rather from Anjou, 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 3 
 
 an old prov. of France (now forming dep. Maine-et-Loire, and 
 parts of Sarthe, Mayenne, and Indre-et-Loire), whose cap. was 
 Angers. Aunger and Aungier are in charters found Latinised 
 to Angevinus ; and Angevine is found in H. R. with the 
 prefix Le. 
 
 ANGUISH, i. q. ANGWISHE. From some local name com- 
 pounded of wicli or wick ; as Anwick co. Lincoln ; or perhaps 
 rather from Angus, the ancient name of co. Forfar, Scotland. 
 
 ANVIL. Doubtless from Anneville, name of several villages 
 in Normandy. " The English family (of Anneville), according to 
 De Gerville, originated from Anneville-en-Saine, a parish in the 
 arrondissement of Valognes " {Lower). 
 
 APPLE or APPEL. Ferguson says happel is a word used 
 in Silesia for a horse. The name Apple is more probably a 
 diminutive of Hab or Hap, in Hapsburg a nickname for Herbert. 
 Apfel is however a German name. From Hab or Hap we 
 doubtless have the name Happy. 
 
 APPLE JOHN. See APJOHN. 
 
 ARM. A name which is also found in local surnames ; as in 
 Armfield, Armsby, Armsworth, &c. It may be the same as Orme. 
 See WORM, RAM, RUM. Ferguson gives also the name Arms, 
 which he derives from A. S. arm, poor. 
 
 ARMOUR. Lower says this name is a corruption of armourer ; 
 and he gives Armorer as a surname. 
 
 ARROW. Ferguson says the names Arrah and Arroh might 
 be derived from the weapon, like Shaft and other similar names ; 
 but Arrow is the appellation of a parish co. Warwick, and of a 
 township co. Chester. 
 
 ASHMAN. Lower says the forms of this name in the H. 
 R. are Asscheman, Aschman, and Ashman ; and in Domesday 
 Assemannus ; and he thinks the name equivalent to spearman, 
 (ESC or ash in A. S. poetry being constantly used in the sense of 
 spear, because the staff of a spear was usually made of that wood. 
 I take it that this name is the same as Asman, Osman, Osmon, 
 
 B 2 
 
4 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 Osmund (whence doubtless Houseman, Housman), from as, os, 
 which in German names signifies excellent (excellens, praestans, 
 egregius). Wachter renders Osmund, vir prsestans ; and Oswald, 
 tutor egregius ; and he says os is the same as the Welsh od. 
 
 AUGER, AUGUR, AUGURS. All three are found in the 
 U. S., and the two first in England. Lower says, " Auger, 
 Aucher, a Norman name, whence Fitz-Aucher ; also a corruption 
 of Alsager, a place in Cheshire. Archseologia, vol. xix., p. 17." I 
 should rather derive these names from Algar, Elgar (H. R. Algar, 
 Alger ; Domesday, Algar, ^Elgar. Algar, name of a bishop of the 
 E. Angles), contracted from the old name ./Elfgar, from celf-gar, 
 which might variously translate, very helping, very strong, a help 
 in war. 
 
 AUGUR, AUGURS. See AUGER. 
 
 AUGUST. From Auguste, the Fr. form of Augustus. 
 
 B. 
 
 BACCHUS.. As an English surname, from Backhouse or 
 Bakehouse. 
 
 BACON. In II. R. this name is found Bachun, Bacun, and 
 Bacon, and is said to be derived from Bacon, a seigniory in 
 Normandy. Lower says in some instances Bacon may be 
 a corruption of Beacon, and that, from their connection witli 
 Bayeux, the Bacons were sometimes Latinised De Bajocis. I 
 consider the name a Frencli diminutive of Bach, from G. bach, a 
 brook, rivulet. Hence Bacot, another diminutive. Bacon has 
 been corrupted to Buggin. 
 
 BADCOCK. Beet 
 
 BAl'flKR. Ferguson considers this name the same as the 
 <. <;. r;,',r"T. tr in i.imhi \\.-ir, tjer spear. It is rather from 
 badger, an old word for a hawker ; or from Badger, a parish 
 co. Salop. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 5 
 
 BADMAN. From A. S. bathman, a bather; perhaps a bap- 
 tiser. Hence no doubt the names Batman and Bateman, although 
 the two latter may also be from batman, a boatman. 
 
 BAKE. From Bake, name of an estate in St. German's, 
 Cornwall. 
 
 BAKE WELL. From Bake well, a market town and parish 
 co. Derby. Doubtless compounded of mile,. 
 
 BALAAM. From Bailham, Suffolk ; or Balham, Surrey. 
 
 BALCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 BALM. A corruption of Balsam, or contracted from Balaam, 
 q. v. respectively. 
 
 BALSAM. From Balsham, in Cambridgeshire, which Fuller 
 characterises as " an eminent village," and the only one in 
 England bearing the name. 
 
 BANNISTER, BANISTER, BANNESTER. Perhaps ori- 
 ginally Baimter, one who kept a bath ; from 0. Eng. and 0. F. 
 bain, a bath. 
 
 BANTAM. Same as Bentham ; from Bentham, a parish in 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 BARGE. Lower thinks this name may have been derived 
 from an inn sign. It is more probably the same as Burge ; from 
 Burgh, name of eleven parishes of England. Hence no doubt 
 the name Purge. 
 
 BARKER (H. R. Barcarius and Le Barkere). From the old 
 berkere, a tanner, bark being used in tanning. The word barker 
 now signifies one who strips trees of their bark. Barkary was 
 a law term for a tan-house. 
 
 BARNACLE. Ferguson under this name gives "Barna- 
 karl, Barnakel, a surname or a nickname given to a celebrated 
 Norwegian pirate, named Olver, who, setting his face against the 
 then fashionable amusement of tossing children on spears, was 
 christened by his companions, to show their sense of his odd 
 scruples, Barnakarl, baby's old man." The name is more pro- 
 bably from Barnacle, a hamlet co. Warwick. 
 
6 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 BARNDOLLAR. See CASHDOLLAR. 
 
 BARNFATHER. See PENNYFATHER. 
 
 BARRINGDOLLAR. See CASHDOLLAR. 
 
 BARROW, BARROWS. From Barrow, name of parishes and 
 places in at least ten counties in England ; from barrow, a wood 
 or grove, from A. S. beara, bearewe, a grove ; or from barrow, a 
 hillock or mound of earth intended as a repository for the dead, 
 answering to the tumulus of the Latins ; from A. S. beorg a 
 hill or hillock, byrgen a tomb. 
 
 BARTER. Lower thinks this name to be from the 0. E. 
 barratour, one who stirs up strife between the king's subjects, 
 either at law or otherwise. Barter, Barters are both found in the 
 U. S. They may be the same as Batter, Batters, in Battersby, 
 so called from an estate and township co. York. They may also 
 be connected with Butter, q. v. 
 
 BAT. A nickname for Bartholomew. Hence Batt, Bate, 
 Batts, Bates, Batson, Badkin, Batkin, Badcock, Batcock. 
 
 BATCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 BATMAN. See BADMAN. 
 
 BEAN. Lower says Bean, Beane are Scotch abbreviations of 
 Benjamin. I should have otherwise derived it from Gael, beag, 
 little, young ; W. bechan ; Corn, bighan, wigan. 
 
 BEDALE. From Bedale, a parish in Yorkshire. 
 
 BEDLOCK. See LEGO. 
 
 BEE. From A. S. by, bye, a dwelling, habitation ; Sco. by, a 
 village, hamlet ; Dan. by, a city, town, borough. Hence Bradbee, 
 Summerbee, &c. 
 
 BEER. Ferguson says Beer is the same as Bear, from A. 
 S. bar, a bear, 0. N. bera, 0. H. G. bero, D. beer; but this 
 name is more probably from Beer-Alston or Beer-Ferris (Ferrers) 
 in Devon, or Beer-Hacket or Beer-Regis in Dorset. 
 
 BELCHAMBER, BELLCIIA Mr.I.IIS. A friend assures me 
 he knows of a William Chambers, who changed his name to 15ill- 
 chambers, of which he says Bellchambers is a corruption. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 7 
 
 BELDAM. From some local name compounded of ham, a 
 dwelling. Kennett renders beldam a " woman who lives to see a 
 sixth generation descended from her." 
 
 BELLOWS. See BILLOWS. 
 
 BELOVLY. SeeLEGG. 
 
 BERRY. Berry- Pomeroy is the name of a parish co. Devon, 
 and Berry or Berri is the appellation of one of the old provinces 
 of France. But see BURY and BORROW. 
 
 BICHARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 BICKERSTAFF. See WAGSTAFF. 
 
 BIDGOOD. This name may mean " good or noble in war," 
 or " a good counsellor " (A. S. beado, beada, counsellor ; G. god, 
 good, noble, kind). The A. S. guth-boda would mean " a war 
 messenger." The 0. N. bodi is a messenger, and gunn, gunnur, 
 gud, 0. H. G. gund, gunt, war. 
 
 BIGGIN. A common termination of local names in the 
 northern counties and in Scotland, as Dowbiggin, Newbiggin, It 
 means a house of a large size, as opposed to a cottage, a building ; 
 from A. S. byggan, to build. In Scotland biggin is sometimes 
 used to designate small buildings on the banks of rivers, &c., in 
 which night lights are placed to prevent vessels from mistaking 
 their course. 
 
 BILKE. Perhaps the same as Bielcke, from Biel, now Bienne, 
 in Switzerland ; or a German diminutive of Bill, i. e. "Will, for 
 William. Bill and Bilo are German names, and Pott gives Bille 
 and Bielke as modern German names. 
 
 BILLET. Lower thinks this name a probable corruption 
 of the great baronial name Belet. It would rather seem to be 
 a diminutive of Bill for William. Belet is doubtless a cor- 
 ruption of Bellot, a diminutive of Bel for Isabella. 
 
 BILLIARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 BILLOWS. Ferguson thinks Billows may be the same as 
 an 0. G. Bilo, quoted by Forstemann, and that Pill and Pillow, 
 unless connected with Peel, may be H. G. forms of Bill or Bilo. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 Bellew, Pellew, Bellas, Belliss, and Bowles are also surnames. 
 Pellew is said to be of Norman origin, from bel-eau, the beautiful 
 water, the designation of some locality [Belleau is the ap- 
 pellation of a parish co. Lincoln]. Bowles has been derived from 
 Bellovesus, a celebrated name mentioned in Liv., Lib. v., cap. 33, 
 said to mean a leader in war (dux belli), from 0. Gr. vel for 
 >vA/, war. Bowditch says the writer of Britaine's Remains 
 supposes the name Bellows to be a corruption of Bellhouse, and 
 he mentions a History of the Bellows Family by the Rev. Henry 
 W. Bellows, D.D., of New York. 
 
 BLACKLOCK. See LEGG. 
 
 BLACKMONSTER. " This repulsive name is a corruption of 
 Blanchminster, the White Monastery, the designation of more 
 than one religious house. Blancmuster is an ancient alias for 
 the town of Oswestry. The name was commonly Latinised De 
 Albo Monasterio." Lower. 
 
 BLADE. The name Blade, Blades, Blaides, Blaydes, Bleyds, 
 found written Bursblades, Buresblades, Bursebred, or Burse- 
 bleyd, is said to be of Danish origin. Wilkinson says the family 
 assumed the local name of Burse-blades or Purse-blades, from 
 residing at Burs-blade, near Durham. % 
 
 BLANKET, BLANKETT. For Blanchett, a diminutive of 
 the name Blank or Blanch ; from Fr. blanc, white. " Rear- 
 Admiral Blankett was a British officer in the wars against 
 Napoleon" (Bowditch). See also Verba Nominalia, under 
 - Blanket." 
 
 BLAST. See ALABASTER. 
 
 BLA/K. " An ancient personal name borne by St. Blase or 
 Ulaise, the patron of the woolcoombers of England," says Lower, 
 quoting Brady's Clavis Calend, 1201. Cf. the Sp. Bias ((iil 
 Bias, RuyBlas), the It. Biaggio, L. Blasius ; probably from (Jr. 
 /2Xac"nj, bud, shoot, sprout, blossom ; /JXacrravo;, to sprout, shoot 
 forth, luid. 
 
 P. I. < >ol>. IVrguson derives this name from C). N. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 9 
 
 bashful, timid. It may be the same name as Lloyd, Floyd, 
 from W. Hici/d, brown, grey. The name of General Blood ap- 
 peared in Sporting Life in January, 1867. 
 
 BODKIN. Lower says a younger son of the Fitzgeralds ot 
 Desmond and Kildare settled in Connaught in the thirteenth 
 century, and obtained, as was not then uncommon, a sobriquet 
 which usurped the place of a surname, and so was handed down. 
 This was Bawdekin, probably from his having affected to dress in 
 the costly material of silk and tissue of gold so popular in that 
 age under the name of baudkin; and he says the Bodkins still use 
 the " Croom-a-boo" motto of the Fitzgeralds, but that the Bode- 
 kin of the H. R. is probably from a different source. Fergu- 
 son thinks Bodkin may be from the English word bodkin, which 
 in its earliest use signified a dagger ; but he is of opinion that the 
 name is more probably a diminutive of A. S. boda, 0. N. bodi, a 
 messenger, and he gives a Bodecker corresponding with an 0. S. 
 Bodic, and a Mod. G. Bodeck, and also an 0. G. Bodeken (A. D. 
 1020). The name Bodkin may also be from body kin, a little man ; 
 or, if of Cornish origin, from bod-kyn, the head abode or place ; or 
 bod-kein, the house on the promontory. 
 
 BODY, BODDY. The same as Bodda, Boda (Latinised Bodus), 
 probably from A. S. boda, 0. N. bodi, a messenger. See also 
 BODKIN. 
 
 BOGIE. See BUGGY. 
 
 BOILES. Doubtless from the Irish name Boyle. Hence 
 probably the name Bolus. But see BILLOWS. 
 
 BOLD. See BOTTLE. 
 
 BOLT. See BOTTLE. 
 
 BOLUS. See BOILES. 
 
 BONE. Same as Bowne, Boone ; and also Bohun, a Norman 
 family that came over with the Conqueror, who derived their name 
 from Bohon, arrond. St. Lo. The Irish name Bohan is found 
 written De Bohn, Bowen, Bone, Boon, Boone. 
 
 BONES. See BONUS. 
 
10 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 BONUS. The same as Bowness ; from Bowness, a parish co. 
 Cumberland ; or Bowness, a village co. Westmoreland. Hence 
 doubtless the name Bones. 
 
 BOOT. This name may be the same as Bott (in H. R. De 
 Botte) ; from root of Body ; or the same as the surname Booth ; 
 from booth, a house or shed built of boards ; from Dan. bod, 
 W. bwth, Ir. boith, both, G. bude. 
 
 BOOTY. Lower says there is a prse-Domesday name Boti ; 
 and that Gilbert de Boti was a tenant in chief in co. Warwick. 
 The name is probably from root of Body, q. v. 
 
 BORROW. From A. S. burh, burcg, dative byrig, a fort, castle, 
 pity, town, court, palace, &c., which is liable to take the form of 
 ber, berry, borough, brough, bury, bur, burg. Hence the sur- 
 names Berry, Bury. 
 
 BOTTLE. From A. S. botl, bold, bolt, an abode, dwelling, 
 hall, mansion, house. Hence Pottle, Bolt, and perhaps some- 
 times Bold. 
 
 BOTTOM. From A. S. botm, a bottom or valley. Hence the 
 names Bottomley, Higginbottom, Longbottom, Oakenbottom, 
 Othenbottom, Owlerbottom, Pitchbottom, Ramsbottom, Rose- 
 bottom, Rowbottom, Shoebottom, Shufflebottom, Sidebottom, 
 Tarbottom, Winterbottom. 
 
 BOULTER. Originally one who bolted, i. e. sifted or sepa- 
 rated bran from flour, an occupation formerly distinct from that 
 of miller. To bolt came afterwards to signify, to examine by 
 sifting, to open or separate the parts of a subject, to find the 
 truth and to discuss or argue, as at Gray's Inn, where cases were 
 privately discussed or bolted by the students and barristers. 
 
 BOWLES. See BILLOWS. 
 
 BOX. From Bock's, i. e. son of Bock, or from a local name, 
 as Box, in Wilts. 
 
 BOYS. From Fr. bnis, a wood. Hence De Bosco, Dubois, 
 Dubosc, &c. ; Littleboys, Warboys, Worboys, which Lower 
 thinks to be from Verbois, near Rouen. 
 
LUDl^S PATRONYMICUS. 11 
 
 BRADBEE. From Bradby, a chapelry co. Derby. See BEE. 
 
 BRAMBLE. A probable corruption of Brummel or Brummell ; 
 perhaps i. q. Broomhall ; from Broomhall co. Berks. 
 
 BRAND. See BRANDY. 
 
 BRANDY. Ferguson seems to think this name, as well 
 as Brand, may be from the Scand. brandi, one having a sword, 
 and he mentions Brandi as the name of a Northman in the 
 Landnamabok. Brand, G. Brandt, and Brandy are probably 
 from G. brand, famous, renowned (clarus), a word frequently 
 found in German names ; as Childebrandus, Hildebrandus, As- 
 prandus, Sigibrandus, Liutprandus. 
 
 BREADCAKE and the U. S. names Bredcake and Bridecake 
 are from Bride-kirk, a parish co. Cumberland ; and from the 
 inverse, Kirk-bride, we have the name Cakebread. 
 
 BRINE. Ferguson cognates this name with Brown, and sug- 
 gests as a derivation A. S. bryne, a burning, which is absurd. 
 Lower, with more reason, says it is an Irish corruption of 
 O'Brien. 
 
 BROADFOOT. Most probably the same as Bradford ; from 
 Bradford, name of places in cos. Devon, Dorset, Lancaster, Nor- 
 thumberland, Somerset, Stafford, and York. 
 
 BRUISE. One of the many forms of Braose or Bruce, R. G. 
 16. Lower. 
 
 BUCKLER. This name, found variously written, Bokeler, 
 Buckeler, Buclier, and Bucler, has been identified with Bacheler 
 and Backeler ; and is probably derived from the office of the 
 Bachelerii Regis. See Nichol's Topog. and Genealog., Vol. iii., p. 
 569 ; Rot. Chart, in Turri Lond., pp. 59 and 102 ; and Sir Harris 
 Nicholas's Notes to Siege of Carlaverock. The word bachelor 
 (Fr. baefotter) has been variously derived from bas-chevalier, i. e. 
 a knight of a lower order ; from L. baccalaureus, from baccd 
 laured, from being invested with a crown made of laurel berries, 
 or baculus, a staff, from the supposition that a staff, by way of 
 distinction, was given into the hands of those who had completed 
 
12 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 their studies ; or from the old word batalarius, one who entered 
 into literary battles or disputes. 
 
 BUDGET. I. B. Budget has just published a treatise on 
 tobacco, not on finance (BowditcJi). A diminutive of the name 
 Budge ; or perhaps rather a corruption of Paget, Pagett, Padgett, 
 or Padgedd, a diminutive of the name Page. 
 
 BUGG. See BUGGY. 
 
 BUGGY. Perhaps from Bugey, a small territory of France, 
 in the old prov. of Bourgogne ; or from Le Bogue, a comm. 
 and town of France, dep. Dordogne. It may also be the same 
 as one of the A. S., 0. G., Dan., and Eng. surnames Bucge, Bega, 
 Boge, Bigo, Buggo, Bogi, Bogie, Bogue, Boag, which Ferguson 
 derives from A. S. begean, bigan, bogan, bugan, O. N. beygia, biga, 
 boga, buga, to bend or stoop. 
 
 BUMGARTNER. For Baumgartner, a German name, signi- 
 fying a tree gardener. 
 
 BURDEN. From some local name ending in den (A. S. den, 
 dene, deorn, a plain, vale, dale, valley) ; or from Burdon, name of 
 two townships co. Durham. 
 
 BURLEY. See LEGG. 
 
 BURLINGAME. A U. S. name ; from Burlingham, name of 
 three parishes in Norfolk. But see WALKINGHAME. 
 
 BURY. From Bury, name of parishes, towns, &c., cos. Hants, 
 Lancaster, Suffolk, Sussex. But see BORROW. 
 
 BUSS. Lower says that in the south of England this is a 
 common nickname of Barnabas. 
 
 BUST. A Mrs. Bust, says Bowditch, is buried in Westminster 
 Abbey. I take it to be the same as Buist, which Lower renders 
 thick and gross, and the German Beust, name of the Austrian 
 statesman. 
 
 BUSTARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 BUTTER. In the U. S. there are both Butter and Butters. 
 Butter Crambe, Butterlaw, Butterlri.u r l>. Hutterley, Buttermere, 
 Butterton, Butterwick, Butterworth, are local names in England. 
 
LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 13 
 
 There is also Booterstown (in some documents Ballybotter, 
 Ballyboother, Butterstown, and Boterstone) near Dublin, which 
 some say was originally Freebooterstown, from its being the 
 resort of these picturesque desperadoes. Lower says Boterus 
 and Botorus are found as personal names in Domesday ; but the 
 name Butter may be from G. bude, a house, mansion, habitation, 
 &c. ; or from A. S. bode, a messenger; or perhaps rather from G. 
 bod-her, a noble or brave leader. Bod is found in several Ger- 
 man names ; as Bauto, Maroboduus, Merobaudes, Genebaudes. 
 
 BUTTON. This is doubtless a local name. The pedigree 
 of the Hampshire family is found written De Button, and Lower 
 says it was sometimes spelt Bitton, and may be derived from 
 the parish of Bitton co. Gloucester ; and that in Sussex Burton 
 is often pronounced Button. 
 
 BUZZARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 C. 
 
 CABLE. This name is probably the same as Cabbell, in H. 
 R. Cabel, and perhaps with Caple or Capel (in charters Latinised 
 De Capella). 
 
 CAKEBREAD. See BREADCAKE. 
 
 CALF. From calvus, bald. Hence Calvin or Chauvin, Chauve, 
 and perhaps Shave. 
 
 CANT. From G. kante, a corner, edge, coast. 
 
 CANTER. Same as Chanter and Cantor, no doubt a precentor 
 or chanter in a church ; from A. S. cantere, a singer. 
 
 CANTON. Lower renders this name a territorial division or 
 district (Fr). Canton is the appellation of four townships in the 
 U. S., and is found as a U. S. surname. 
 
 CANTWELL. From some local ending in ville. 
 
 CARD. Lower considers this the same as Caird, which Jamie - 
 son renders a gipsy, a travelling tinker, a sturdy beggar. 
 
U LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 CARELESS. A corruption of Carlos, or its original, Carolus. 
 
 CARRIAGE. See COURAGE. 
 
 CASE. See CHEESE. 
 
 CASEMENT. See CASHMAN. 
 
 CASH. 1. From Cash in Strathmiglo co. Fife. 2. From 
 Mac Cash ; or Mac Cosh, Mac Uais. The barony of Moygoish, 
 in Westmeath, derived its name from Hy-Mac Uais. [There was 
 a Colla Uais, " Colla the noble or well descended."] We have 
 also the Gaelic names Coish and Coysh ; whence perhaps the 
 name Gush. 
 
 CASHDOLLAR, Barndollar, Barringdollar, Markthaler, and 
 Thaler. All found as U. S. names. Bowditch seems to derive 
 them from G. thaler, a dollar, but they are rather from some local 
 name compounded of G. thai, a valley. Markthaler would there- 
 fore signify " one from the Markthal." 
 
 CASHMAN. From 0. G. gast-mund, a powerful man (gast, 
 potens) ; or from geis-mund, a strong man (gesus, vir fortis). Cf. the 
 old German names Adalgis, Gisericus, Vitigis, Wetgisus, &c. It 
 may also be from some Scotch name commencing with Mac. If 
 the name be of German origin, we may have from it Cheeseraan 
 and Casement. But see CHEESEMAN. 
 
 CASHMERE. This name and Cashmer are both found in the 
 U. S. They are probably from some English local name ending 
 in mere or more, from A. S. mcere, a lake, pool, marsh ; or mtir, 
 waste land, a moor. 
 
 CAT. From Catherine. 
 
 CATTLE. This may be a diminutive of the surname Cat, for 
 Catherine ; or from the Irish name Cahill or Cathail ; from cathal, 
 valour. 
 
 CAUDLE. A corruption of Caudwell, from Cauldwell co. 
 Derby. 
 
 CHAFF. Probably from Fr. cJiauve, bald. Lower. 
 
 ( I1AMPAGNE. From the province of Champagne, in 
 France. 
 
LUDU8 PATRONYMICUS. 15 
 
 CHANCE. Originally Chance", i. q. Chauncy, perhaps from 
 Chaunceaux, a comm. and town of France, dep. Cote d'Or. 
 
 CHARTER. Lower thinks this name may be derived from the 
 town of Chartres, in France. But qu. from Chartre, a comm. and 
 town dep. Sarthe. 
 
 CHATAWAY, var. Chattaway, Cattaway. Doubtless the same 
 as Hathaway, Hathway, Hadaway, Haduwic ; probably from O. G., 
 hat, high, lofty ; hath, had, chad, war ; wig, strong, warlike, a 
 soldier, warrior, hero. Hence the old names Ollovico, Litavicus, 
 Merovigus, Ludovicus. 
 
 CHATTING. A patronymic of the name Chad, or from some 
 local name compounded of ing, a meadow. Chatt and Chatto are 
 surnames, and Chat Moss is the appellation of a district in 
 Lancashire. 
 
 CHECK. See CHICK. 
 
 CHEEK. See CHICK. 
 
 CHEESE. Ferguson ranks Cheese, Chase, and Case with Cissa 
 (Chissa), king of the S. Saxons, and the Friesic Tsjisse (Chisse), 
 a name in use at the present day ; from 0. S. ciasan, ciesen, ciosan, 
 A. S. cysan, ceosan, 0. Fries kiasa, 0. N. Jciosa, to choose ; and he 
 thinks Cissa may mean "one chosen or elected." The name 
 Chese is found in H. R. 
 
 CHEESEMAN. Lower does not give this name, but " Chees- 
 man, a maker of or dealer in cheese, Le Cheseman, Le Chese- 
 maker, H. R., analogous to the modern butter-man." He gives 
 also Cheesewright and Cheesemonger. The latter is no doubt a 
 modern name, but Cheesewright may be compounded of chaise, 
 a chair. I find also in Ferguson, Chisman and Chismon, and am 
 disposed to derive Cheeseman from 0. G. geis-mund, a strong 
 man. See CASHMAN. 
 
 CHEESEWRIGHT. See CHEESEMAN. 
 
 CHERRY. Lower says this name is of Fr. Huguenot origin, 
 and said to be descended from the family of De Cheries, seigneurs 
 of Brauvel, Beauval, &c., in Normandy ; that Cheris is the name 
 
16 LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 
 
 of a place near Avranches ; and that the name is Latinised De 
 Ceraso. There is, however, a parish called Cherry-Hinton co. 
 Cambridge. But see SHERRY. 
 
 CHESSMAN. See CHEESMAN. 
 
 CHEW. From Chew Magna, a parish in Somerset. There 
 are also Chewstoke and Chewton-Mendip in the same county. 
 Lower suggests also Cheux, a village near Caen, in Normandy. 
 
 CHICK. This name may be the same as the French name 
 Chicque (Gascon Chicot) and the Spanish name Chico ; from 
 chico, little, small. Hence no doubt Check, Cheek, and, as a 
 diminutive, the name Chicken. See also Verba Nominalia, under 
 " Chic." 
 
 CHICKEN. See CHICK. 
 
 CHILD (inH. R. Le Child). This name corresponds with the 
 German family names Hild, Hilt, and the Danish female Christian 
 name Hilda (appellation of one of the maidens of Odin). In 
 A. S. names (as in Brunechild, Hildegard, Hiltrut, Adilhilt, 
 Reginhilt) child, hilde, &c., are from A. S. cild, an infant. In 
 German names (as Childeric, Childebert, Hildebrand, Hiltebolt) 
 child, hild, means a warrior (bellator, prteliator), from hehl, id. 
 Hence doubtless the name Child. In some names child, hild, 
 means war ; hence hiltiman, a warrior, and the surnames Chill- 
 man, Killman, and perhaps sometimes Hillman. In some names 
 child, hild, is from alt, noble : hence Hiltiwin, nobilis bellator ; 
 Hiltegunt, nobilis virago ; although according to Wachter the 
 latter, as a Francic name, may also translate virgo bellatrix, or 
 vira belli. 
 
 CHILDREN. Ferguson thinks this name corresponds with an 
 O. G. Childeruna for Hilderuna. Both the latter might translate 
 " nobli- trim. I." See CHILD. 
 
 CHILLMAN. See CHILD. 
 
 CHIN. From Duchene, i. q. Duchesne, Du Cane. Du Quesne, 
 ' ; of the oak," " one living near an oak." 
 
 C1I1P, CHUT. ' '. 7. < IlKAl'K. From some place so called ; 
 
LUDU8 PATRONYM1CUS. 17 
 
 from A. S. ceap, a bargain, sale, business, price ; from ceapian, to 
 bargain, chaffer, trade ; whence Cheapside, Chipping Barnet, 
 Chipping Norton, Eastcheap, &c. ; hence Chipman, Chapman 
 (A. S. ceapman). 
 
 CHIPMAN. See CHIP. 
 
 CHISEL. Ferguson seems to think Chisel, Chessal, and Kis- 
 sel diminutives of Cheese, Case, Cissa, Kiss, q.v. There are two 
 parishes (great and little) named Chishall in Essex ; and Chisel- 
 hampton, Chiselhurst, Chisleborough, Chisledon are local names 
 in England. 
 
 CLASS. See GLASS. 
 
 CLAYARD See HAZARD. 
 
 CLEVERLY. See LEGG. 
 
 CLINKARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 CLOAK. If of Cornish origin, from clog, a steep rock, or 
 cleggo, a rock, cliff, downfall. Clogg may be the same name. 
 Ferguson thinks Cloak and Cloke are from 0. N. klolcr, prudent, 
 and Clogg from the Mod. Dan. form klog. 
 
 CLOGG-. See CLOAK. 
 
 CLOTHIER. See LEATHER. 
 
 s CLOUD. From the Gaelic name McCloud, a corruption of 
 MacLeod. Hence perhaps the name Clout. 
 
 CLOUT. See CLOUD. 
 
 COAL, i. q. COLE, from Nicol or Nichol. Cole is the appella- 
 tion of places in cos. Somerset and Wilts. 
 
 COAT. From A. S. cot, cote, cyte (G. koth, D. kot, W. cwf), a 
 small house or hut. Hence Middlecoat, Peticoat, Petty coat, 
 Taylecoate, Topcoat, Wainscoat, Waiscot, Wescott, Westcoat. 
 
 COCK. This may sometimes refer to the bird (Fr. Le Coq), 
 but in composition it is no doubt mostly used in a diminutive 
 sense ; thus Alcock or Allcock (Hal for Henry) ; Badcock, Bat- 
 cock (Bartholomew) ; Balcock (Baldwin) ; Glasscock (Nicholas) ; 
 Hiscock, Hitchcock (Isaac) ; Lovecock, Maycock, Mycock 
 (Michael); Slocock, Woolcock. 
 
 C 
 
18 LUDUS PATRON TMICUS. 
 
 COCKLE. A diminutive of the name Cock. Another diminu- 
 tive is Cockett (Fr. Cochet), and of patronymics are Cocks, Cox, 
 Cocking. 
 
 COFFEE. Lower thinks the names Coffee, Coaffee, Coffey may 
 be local, or of common origin with Coffin, Caffin, &c., the root 
 being Lat. calvus, bald. Ferguson says, " Coffee I take to be the 
 same as Coifi, the name of a converted heathen priest who, on the 
 reception of Christianity by the people of Northumbria, under- 
 took the demolition of the ancient fanes. It has been asserted 
 that this is not an Anglo-Saxon but a Cymric name, and that it 
 denotes in Welsh a Druid, but Mr. Kemble has shown that it is 
 an adjective formed from cof, strenuous, and means the bold or 
 active one." I take it to be the Irish name O'Cobhthaidh or 
 O'Coffey ; from cobhthach, victorious, which O'Reilly says is the 
 proper name of a man. Murragh O'Cobhthaidh was Bishop of 
 Deny and Raphoe, and lived A. D. 1173. For the latter see 
 Annals of the Four Masters. 
 
 COFFIN. The name of one or more medical men. Ferguson 
 thinks this name may be corrupted from Kolfinn, from O. N. 
 koilr, helmeted, and the proper name Finn ; or that it was 
 originally Coffing, a patronymic, formed from c6f, strenuous. 
 Lower considers it the same as Colvin or Colvinus, who held 
 lands in chief under the Confessor. It may also be the same with 
 Caffin, from Fr. chauve, L. calvus, bald ; whence Chauvin or Calvin. 
 Coffin and Coffinhal, and Coffinieres or Couffin are found as 
 1-Yrnch surnames, and there is a place called Couvin in Belgium, 
 and Coffinswell is the name of a parish co. Devon. 
 
 COIN. SeeQuKi 
 
 COLDHAM. From some place compounded of ham, a dwell- 
 ing. In surnames and local names the vocables cold, (jl<l. 
 wold, wald, loood are " wood." Cf. the surnames Goldhara, Cal- 
 deron, Goldrun, AVaMron. 
 
 GOLDMAN. SeeGoLi- 
 
 COLLAR. Kollr. Kolli, Kuli aiv tlu- names of several North- 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 19 
 
 men in the Landnamabok, which Ferguson seems to think may 
 be from 0. N. Icollr, a helmet. I take it that Collar is a cor- 
 ruption of Collard, son of Coll, i. e. Nicol. 
 
 COLLARBONE. Lower, with reason, suggests that this sur- 
 name may be from Collingbourne co. Wilts. See also SMALL- 
 BONE. 
 
 COLLEGE, COLLEDGE. These names have no reference 
 to a University. Lower says, in the north of England any court 
 or group of cottages having a common entrance from the street 
 is called a college. The last syllable however may be from ledge, 
 a ridge of rocks near the surface of the sea. Cf. Ctimberledge, 
 Routledge, &c. 
 
 COLLICK. "Mr. Collick was treasurer of the Middlesex 
 Hospital, in England, in 1805 " (BvwditcK). " Probably," says 
 Lower, "from Colwick co. Nottingham." Ferguson considers 
 Collick a diminutive of Cole, Coley, Colla, and the Northern 
 names Kollr, Koli, Kolli, found in the Landnamabok ; from A. S. 
 col, 0. N. Tcollr, a helmet ; but this name is rather a diminutive 
 of Coll, for Nichol, from Nicholas. 
 
 COLT. Ferguson thinks this may be a H. G. form of Gold. 
 Lower says it appears in the thirteenth century in its present 
 form, and he sees no reason why it should not be derived from 
 the animal, especially as Le Colt is found in H. R. He says 
 further that the Colts of co. Lanark derive from Blaise Coult, a 
 French Huguenot refugee in the sixteenth century. I consider 
 it a corruption of Collett, a diminutive of Coll, from Nicoll. 
 
 COMB. From A. S. comb, a low place enclosed with hills, a 
 valley (W. cwm). Hence Smallcomb, 
 
 COMELY. See LEGG. 
 
 COMFORT. A Cornish name ; from cum-veor, the great 
 valley. 
 
 CONOVER. Name of forty families in the New York Direc- 
 tory ; also found in Ohio. From some local name (perhaps 
 Condover co. Salop), compounded of over, a bank ; from 
 
 c 2 
 
20 LUDUS PATRONYM1CUS. 
 
 A. S. o/er, a margin, brink, bank, shore. Hence the surname 
 Peckover. 
 
 CONQUEST. From Le Conquet (L. Conquestas), a maritime 
 comm. and town of France, dep. Finistere ; or from Conques, a 
 small town of France, dep. Aveyron ; or of another, dep. Aude. 
 
 COOL. From Coull, a parish of Scotland co. Aberdeen ; or 
 Goole co. York ; or Cole, name of places cos. Wilts and 
 Somerset ; or the same as the surname Cooley, Colley, Cowley ; 
 or from Cole, for Nicole, Nicol. 
 
 COOT. From Cornish coit, coid, a wood. Cf. the names 
 Coode, Code, Goad. 
 
 CORDEROY. Found Cordaroy, Cordrey, Cordery, Cowderoy, 
 Cowdery, Cowdrey, Cowdray, Cawdrey, Coudray, Coudraie, 
 Coudre, Couldery, Couldrey ; from Fr. coudraie, a hazel-grove ; 
 from coudre, from corylus, a hazel-tree. Lower says the map 
 of Normandy exhibits many localities called " Le Coudray," 
 and that there is also an estate called Cowdray, near Midhurst, 
 in Sussex ; and he mentions a De Coudray in H. R. Cf. the 
 French name Coudrette, signifying a hazel-grove. 
 
 CORK, CORKE. According to some, cork is a term used by 
 apprentices and workmen for "master." Ferguson seems to 
 think the name Cork may be contracted from Corrick, a diminu- 
 tive of Core or Cory. It seems that Core was an ancient Celtic 
 personal name, and may be derived from the city of Cork 
 (formerly Corkan), or from its root, Ir. core, corcach, a moor, 
 marsh. The name Corkett, which would seem to be a diminutive 
 of Cork, is a corruption of Caldecott. 
 COSTARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 COSTICK. 1 Vr haps the same with Costeker, and the 0. G. 
 name Custica, which Ferguson thinks from G. kuiist, kust, 0. N. 
 konst, skill, art, science ; but it is more probably derived from 
 Constantius or Constantino. Costick may also be from Costock 
 or Cortlingstock, a parish co. Nottingham. 
 
 COT ION. ForBtemann makes Cot, Cotta, Cotiina, Cuotila as 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 21 
 
 0. G. names to interchange with god or got ; and Ferguson thinks 
 these correspond with our Cott, Cotton, Cottle. The name Cotton 
 is probably from Cottun, dep. Calvados, or Cotton, name of 
 places in cos. Chester, Stafford, Suffolk, and York. De Cottun 
 and De Cotton are found in H. R. 
 
 COUNSELL. From some local name compounded of A. S. 
 stzl, set, a hall or dwelling (0. N. seZ, a summer shed for cattle). 
 Counsell, Countsell are found as U. S. names. 
 
 COUNTERPATCH. Without doubt a corruption of Cum- 
 berpatch or Comberb.ach ; from Comberbach, a township in 
 Cheshire. 
 
 COURAGE. Corrupted from Coulrake ; from the A. S. name 
 Ceolric ; or from Coleridge ; from Coleridge, name of a hundred 
 and parish co. Devon. Lower thinks Courage may be from Cur- 
 rage, a manor in the parish of Cheveley co. Bucks, and he says 
 that a family of this name settled here after the revocation of the 
 Edict of Nantes. Ferguson compares Courage with the 0. G. 
 Gawirich, Goerich, seventh century (0. H. G. gawi, Mod. G. gau, 
 a country or district). 
 
 COWARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 COWBRAIN. Lower says this is a known corruption of 
 Colbran, Colbrand, a personal name of great antiquity. Fer- 
 guson says Colbrand occurs in a charter of 925, and is probably a 
 Scandinavian name, and he gives two improbable etymologies. 
 
 CRACKBONE, CRACKBON. Found as U. S. names. See 
 SMALLBONE. 
 
 CRAFT. A northern corruption of croft, a little close ad- 
 joining a house. Cf. the names Calcraft, Horsecraft, &c. It 
 may also sometimes be from A. S. crcefta, a craftsman, or the 
 same as the German names Craft, Crafto, Kraft ; probably 
 from Jcraft, strength, force, power. Ferguson mentions an O. G. 
 Crafto as the name of a member of a noble family in the twelfth 
 or thirteenth century, and he gives a Ludwig Craft, A. D. 1656. 
 CRAM. See GRUMBLE and GRAMMAR. 
 
22 LUDUS PATRON TMICUS. 
 
 CRAMP. Lower thinks this name may be from Crambe, a 
 parish in Yorkshire. I take it to be the same name as Crump. 
 See CRUMB. 
 
 CRAVAT. " Mr. and Mrs. Cravat arrived at Boston in Sep- 
 tember, 1857 " (Bowditcli). Doubtless corrupted from the surname 
 Gravatt, Gravett ; probably from the obs. grava, a grove or small 
 wood ; grave, a wood, thicket, den, cave ; from A. S. graf. 
 
 CRAVEN. From Craven, a district of Yorkshire ; from W. 
 .V a rock, pen head. 
 
 CREAM. Lower renders Cream " a merchant's booth, a stall 
 in a market. Tent, kraem, taberna rerum venalium. Jamieson." 
 But see GRUMBLE. 
 
 CRICKET. A diminutive of the name Crick or Creak ; or 
 from Cricket, name of two parishes in Somerset. 
 
 CRIMP. According to Halliwell, crimp in Norfolk is used 
 for a " dealer in coals." But see CRUMB. 
 
 CRISP. From Crispin. 
 
 CROAK. There are several places in England named Crook 
 or Crock, and others compounded thereof; but the name Croak 
 may mean crooked or bent ; from Fr. croc, uncus, Med. L. croccus 
 (<). Fr. croc defer, a sort of lance ; croque, bftton arm 6 d'un croc ; 
 Eng. crook, Arm. crocq). Ferguson says Croak is probably from 
 O. N. krukr (bent or crooked). Lower renders Crocker (Le 
 Crockere) a maker of crocs, i. e. earthen jars ; but Crocker, 
 Croker, and Croaker may be from the same root as Croak. Cf. 
 the names Croake, Croc, Crockett, Crokat, Crook, Crooke, Croke, 
 Crookes, Crooks, and the Fr. Ducrocq. 
 
 CROAK ER . See CRO A K . 
 
 CROOK. See CROAK. 
 
 CROWFOOT. Doubtless the same as Crawford, Crawfurd, 
 Craufurd, and Craufuird ; from Crawford, name of two parishes 
 Hani 80. Lanark, and of a parish of England co. Dorset; 
 also the appellation of eight counties in the U. S., and of a town- 
 ship New York. But see HAZLEFOOT. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMIC US. 23 
 
 CRUMB. Most probably the same as Crome, Groom, Croome, 
 Crum ; from A. S. crumb, crump, crymbig, W. crum, bending, 
 couc?,ve ; Gael, crbm, bent or bandy-legged ; G. krum, PI. D. 
 ki-om, crooked, crumped, curvus. Hence doubtless Groom, 
 Groome, Crump, Crimp. 
 
 CUBE. See CUBITT. 
 
 CUB7JTT. Jamieson gives Cube, Cubbe, & probable abbrevia- 
 tions of 3uthbert ; hence perhaps Cubitt ; but this name, as well as 
 Cupit, Cupitt, Cobbett, may be a diminutive of Cobb, Copp, Cope, 
 0. G. Co,)bo, Coppo, Cuppa (whence perhaps, as patronymics, 
 Cobbing, Copping, Kopping, Coppin, Coppen, Coppinger, Cop- 
 pens, Copas, Copus, Coppard, and the French Copaux, Coppaz, 
 Copeau, CDpel, Copil, Copin, Coppin, Copinot, Coppeaux) ; from 
 A. S. cop, O. H. G. top, Mod. G. kopf, D. top, the head ; 0. Fr. 
 cope, copeau, coppe, coupeau, cime, sommet, peage. Cob is also a 
 narie for the sea-fowl, the sea-cob, and in some parts of England 
 for a spider ; from 0. D. top, or toppe, retained in koppespin, 
 spmnekop, a spider. Cob is also a close-built strong kind of pony, 
 and cob, cop is still used for the top or head. 
 
 CUNNING. Most probably the same name as the German 
 K3nig, Eng. King. Cf. A. S. cyng, cyning, D. koning. 
 
 CURTAIN. From some local name, perhaps Kirton, name of 
 p.aces near Ipswich and Boston, in England ; or from Crediton , 
 commonly pronounced Kirton, co. Devon. 
 
 CUSHION. A corruption of MacOssian. It is otherwise 
 vritten Cushin and Cussen, and Anglicised to Cousins, but pro- 
 nounced Cuzzen. See Ulster Jour, of Archseol. No . 2, and Lower. 
 Ferguson thinks Cushion a corruption of Gushing, a patronymic, 
 D Cuss, perhaps the same with Kusi, surname of a Northman in 
 Ann. Isl. ; from O. N. kusi, a calf, a diminutive of ku, a cow; or 
 that Cuss may be from A. S. cusc, pure, clear. 
 
 CUSTARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 CUTBEARD. A corruption of Cuthbert. 
 
 CUTBUSH. See TALBOYS. 
 
24 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 CUTLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 CUTMUTTON. Ferguson thinks this name may be from 
 Muatin, an O. G. name (muth, courage), and cuth, known, famous. 
 It is much more likely to be corrupted from some local name. 
 Catmere is the name of a parish co. Berks, and Catmere-ton would 
 easily corrupt to Cutmutton. 
 
 CUTTLE. Lower suggests as a derivation Cuthill or Cuttle, 
 a suburb of Prestonpans co. Haddington. The name may also 
 sometimes be a diminutive of Cutt, a nickname of Cuthbert. 
 
 D. 
 
 DACE, i. q. DA YES. From David. Lower however thinks it 
 may come from some continental locality named Ace or Aes vitli 
 the prefix D'. Hence perhaps the .name Dais. 
 
 DAILY, DAILEY. See LEGG. 
 
 DAIS. See DACE. 
 
 DAISY, DAISEY. Lower suggests that Daisy may be from 
 the ancient barony of Aisle" (D'Aisie*), now Aisier, arrond. Poit 
 Audemer, in Normandy. Dees, or Dease, is an Irish name. Tie 
 tribe of the Deisigh, called also Desii, gave name toDesies, in Ir. 
 Deise, an ancient territory comprising the greater part of Watei- 
 ford, with a part of Tipperary. See also Annals of the Foir 
 Masters. 
 
 DAMPER, L q. DAMPIER. From Dampierre, name of several 
 places in France ; from O. Fr. dam, dan, don, lord ; Pit rn 
 Peter. Cf. Dammartin, i. q. Don Martin, &c., &c. 
 
 OAMSON. From Adamson, son of Adam. Ferguson says 
 Damson is the son of Damm ; probably from A. S. d<rma, a judge. 
 Lower says, " Dame's son, but whether the son of Dame, ap- 
 parently an old Christian name, or filius dominae I know not." 
 
 DANCE. Doubtless the same as Dence, Dench, from A. S. 
 Danisca, Denisca, a Dane. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 25 
 
 DANDY. The same as Dendy, found Dendye, Dendy, Dandie, 
 Dandy ; thought to be originally D'Awnay or Dawndy, which 
 Lower thinks is the same as D'Aunai ; and he says there are at 
 least seven places called Aunai in Normandy, one of which, Aunai 
 Abbaye, arrond. Vire, was an ancient barony, and from thence 
 probably came the family. The name may also be from Dand, 
 Dandy, familiarly used in Scotland for Andrew. 
 
 DANGER. From D'Angers, i. e. from Angers, in France, cap. 
 of Anjou. Ferguson thinks it may be an inverse of Gordon, from 
 Gardene, signifying " Spear-Danes," or " warlike Danes," which 
 he says is a common epithet applied to that people in A. S. poetry. 
 
 DARE. Perhaps originally D'Air ; from Air, name of two 
 towns of France, the one dep. Pas-de-Calais, the other dep. 
 Landes ; or from Ayr, in Scotland, cap. co. on the Ayr. It may 
 also be the same name as Dear. 
 
 DARK, DARKE. Properly D'Arques. From Arques, a comm. 
 and town of France, dep. Seine-Inf., on the Arques. Lower says 
 William D'Arques or de Arcis was lord of Folkestone co. Kent, 
 temp. William I., having settled in England after the Norman 
 Conquest, and that his ancestors were vicomtes of Arques, now a 
 bourg and castle four or five miles from Dieppe in Normandy. 
 
 DASH. From D'Ash, or i. q. Tash, from At Ash ; from residence 
 near an ash-tree. Hence doubtless the name Dashwood, from 
 D'Ashwood, or At Ashwood. Lower says Dashwood would answer 
 to the old Latinisation De Fraxineto, a twelfth- century surname, 
 with which it is doubtless identical. 
 
 DASHWOOD. See DASH. 
 
 DATE, DATES. See DEATH. 
 
 DAW, DAY. From David. 
 
 DAY. See DAW. 
 
 DAYFOOT. See HAZLEFOOT. 
 
 DAYMAN. Lower says this is a known corruption of Dinan 
 (i. e. Dinan, near St. Malo). It may also be the same as Dayment ; 
 perhaps from Dagomund, from 0. G. dag-mund, a soldier. 
 
26 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 DEADMAN. Lower says this is a known corruption of 
 Debenham (co. Suffolk), and that in Sussex it is further corrupted 
 to Deadly. 
 
 DEALCHAMBER. A corruption of the name Delachambre 
 or De la Charabre. 
 
 DEARLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 DEARTH. Perhaps from De Arth, i. e. from Arth, Switzerland 
 (but see EARTH). Bowditch says Mr. Derth figures in the Direc- 
 tory (New York) of 1835 ; and that Mr. Dearth, of a neighbouring 
 county, after enduring his name for many years, was at last 
 induced to change it, and that a law student at Harvard is named 
 Dearth. 
 
 DEATH. Properly D'Aeth, still an English name, and said to 
 be from Aeth, in Flanders. This may refer to Ath, a fortified 
 town of Belgium, prov. Hainault. The name D'ath is found in the 
 U. S. There is a surgeon and also an undertaker named Death. 
 "At the Liverpool Police-court, on Friday, the witnesses and 
 solicitor in two cases bore the ominous names of Death, Debt, 
 and Daggers " (Morning Star). One family of the name of H. E. 
 Death, having an objection to the name, changed it to Edeath. 
 The U. S. names Date and Datt and the English name Dates may 
 be derived from Death, D'Aeth, or D'Ath. 
 
 DECENT. Perhaps the same as Dasent, which, if not an 
 Irish name, may be from O. G. degen-send, a war-messenger 
 (degen, ensis, gladius). 
 
 DEED, DEEDS. Doubtless for Daid, Daids ; from David, 
 Davids. There is also a Deedy. The Messrs. Deed of Toronto 
 and of Philadelphia (says Bowditch) may be regarded as the 
 representatives of conveyancing. 
 
 DEEPROSE. See Di PROSE. 
 
 DEMON. Doubtless from the Fr. name Du Mont. Perhaps 
 sometimes from Dayman, q. v. 
 
 DEUCE. Probably a corruption of D'Ewes, descended from 
 Des Ewes ; from des Eaux, syuomym of the English Waters. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 27 
 
 DEVIL. Lower mentions a monk named Willelmus cogno- 
 mento Diabolus ; but he seems to think this name may be from 
 the French De Ville, commonly written Divall, Divoll, Devall, 
 &c., and in records Devol, Devile, Deyvil, &c. I am inclined to 
 think the name to be the same with D'Eyville ; from de Davidis 
 villa ; but see Cowell's Interpreter. 
 
 DEW. Probably from Eu, in Normandy, commonly called la 
 Ville (FEu. Lower. 
 
 DIAL. Supposed corruption of the Irish Doyle, found in Eng- 
 land as Doyle and Doil. According to Mr. Bowditch, there is a 
 Mr. Dial living at Davenport, Iowa. 
 
 DIAMOND. In the parish register of Brenchley, co. Kent, 
 there is an entry to the effect that in 1612 "John Diamond, son 
 of John du Mont the Frenchman, was baptised." The elder Du 
 Mont was a Kentish ironmaster, who had settled in that county 
 from France. Inf. H. W. Diamond, M.D., F.S.A. Lower. 
 
 DIAPER. From D'Ypres, i. e. from Ypres, in Belgium. 
 Hence the figured linen cloth and the towel or napkin so called. 
 
 DINE. Found Dyne, but Dine is the most ancient. In H. R. 
 it is De Dine, and it is probably derived from locality ; perhaps 
 from Digne (Dinia), a walled town of France, cap. dep. B. Alpes. 
 
 DIPROSE. Said to be a corruption of De Preaux ; from 
 Preaux, the name of several places in Normandy. It has been 
 corrupted to Deeprose. 
 
 DIVES. Not from the Dives of Scripture, although we 
 certainly have the names Rich, La Rich, Le Riche. It seems 
 to be from Dives, a comm. and town of France, dep. Calvados, on 
 the right bank of a river of the same name. De Dyve and Le 
 Dyve are found in H. R., and Uxor Boselini de Dive was a tenant 
 in capite under William the Conqueror, co. Cambridge. 
 
 DOE, DOO. From the ancient family of De Ou or D'Eu, from 
 Eu, in Normandy. Hence the surnames Eu, Ew, and Ewe. 
 
 DOLL. Ferguson seems to think this name may be from 0. N. 
 a woman, or A. S. dolh, a wound. In H. R. the name is found 
 
28 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 written Doll, Dolle, De Doll, and is doubtless from Dol, the 
 picturesque town in Bretagne, or from Dole in Franche Comto. 
 
 DOLLAR. From Dollar, a town and parish in Clackmannan - 
 shire. 
 
 DOLPHIN. Ferguson thinks Dolphin the 0. N. dolgfinner, the 
 Dolfin of early English history. Lower says it is an ancient 
 personal name, and that one Dolfin was a tenant-in-chief in cos. 
 Derby and York at the making of Domesday, and that the family 
 were in Ireland before 1307. It may however be the same as 
 Godolphin. 
 
 DONE. Name of a celebrated Cheshire family ; from W. dwn, 
 dun, dusky, swarthy. Donne, Dunn, and Done are etymologi- 
 cally connected. 
 
 DOUBLE. Same as Doubble, Doubell, Doble, Dobell, De 
 Dobel, and the Norman name Dobbell ; from some local name 
 ending in ville. 
 
 DOUBLEDAY. See SINGLEDAY. 
 
 DOWER. The Prompt. Parv. renders the word dower a rab- 
 bit's burrow, cvniculus. The name is more probably from Dower 
 in Crowan, or Dower Park in St. Kew, both in Cornwall ; from 
 Corn, dower, dour, water. 
 
 DRAWWATER. Bowditch says Thomas Drawwater, of New 
 Haven, was fined in 1688 for drinking. The name in H. R. is 
 found written Drawater, and is most probably derived from some 
 local name. 
 
 DRAY. See DROUGHT. 
 
 DRINK. Perhaps the same as the name Dring; said to be 
 from A. S. dreng, a soldier, a strong man. See Lye (A. S. Diet.) 
 Hence perhaps the name Drinkard ; from G. hart, strong. 
 
 DRINKARD. See DRINK. 
 
 DROUGHT. This name may be corrupted from Drewett, 
 I>ruitt ; perhaps diminutive of Drew, Drewe, Dray ; either from 
 the early personal name Drogo, or from Dreux, in Bretagne. 
 Drewett may also sometimes be a diminutive formed from 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 29 
 
 Andrew. Lower says Drew, Drewe is a common nickname for 
 Andrew. 
 
 DULHUMPHRY. From some French name, with the prefix 
 De or De la. Onfray and Onfroy, Humphrey are found in Firmin 
 Didot. There are the surnames Umfraville and Amfreville (found 
 Onfreville), i. e. Hunfredi villa, the appellation of several places 
 in Normandy. 
 
 DULL. Bowditch says there are fourteen families of this 
 name in Philadelphia. It may be from Dull, a large parish co. 
 Perth. 
 
 DULLARD. According to Bowditch, there are four families 
 of this name in Philadelphia. See HAZARD. 
 
 DULY. SeeLEGG. 
 
 DUNNING-. A patronymic of the name Dunn ; or the last 
 syllable may be ing, a meadow. 
 
 E. 
 
 EARLY. From Early, in the parish of Sonning, Berks. 
 Hurley is also the name of a villa, near Marlow, same co. But 
 see LEGG. 
 
 EARTH. From St. Erth, formerly St. Earth, a parish in 
 Penwith Hundred co. Cornwall ; or corrupted from the surname 
 Earith ; from Erith co. Kent. 
 
 EARWAKER, EARWICKER. Perhaps corrupted from 
 Herwig ; from 0. Gr. er-wig, strong in war ; or her-wig, noble or 
 distinguished warrior. Lower however gives Eureuuacre as the 
 name of a tenant in Devon mentioned in Domesday. 
 
 EASY. Corrupted from some local name, perhaps Esse, in 
 France, dep. Ille-et-Vilaine ; or from St. Issey, in Cornwall. 
 Lower suggests also that it may come, by transposition of letters, 
 from Esay, the old form of Isaiah. 
 
30 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 EATWELL. From Etwall, a parish co. Derby ; or perhaps 
 rather from the local name Ilatfield. See HATFALL. 
 
 EAVESTAFF. See WAGSTAFF. 
 
 EGG, EGGS. From 0. G. ecke, the'edge or point of a weapon, 
 &c. (acies, cuspis); 0. N. egg, an edge, sword, war, battle; A. S. 
 ecg, an edge, or sharpness applied to the mind, also quickness, 
 ability. There is however a De Egge in H. R., co. Salop ; and 
 the name may therefore be the same as Hedge, Hague, Haig, 
 Haigh (Haigh, a township of Lancashire) ; from A. S. hag, Fr. 
 haie, a hedge, and that which it encloses, a field or park. 
 
 EGGBEER. From Egbert, G. Eggbrecht ; from 0. G. ecke- 
 brecht, distinguished for quickness or ability. Cf. Huber, from 
 Hubert. But see EGG. 
 
 ELEMENT. Lower says of this name, " Possibly a corruption 
 of Alihermont, a district containing several parishes in the arron- 
 dissemont of Dieppe, in Normandy. Alihermont would readily 
 become Alermont, Alemont, Element." I derive it from the 
 same root as the name Almond, q. v. Cf. Garment, from Gar- 
 mund ; Raiment, from Raymond. 
 
 EMBLEM. From some place compounded of ham, a dwelling. 
 Cf. the surname Embleton, also the appellation of parishes, &c., 
 in cos. Cumberland, Durham, and Northumberland. 
 
 EMMET, EMMETT. Ferguson says Ernes corresponds with 
 A. S. earn, an uncle ; and Emms, Hems, Emson, and the diminu- 
 tives Emmens and Emmet, with the old Fries, cm, of the same 
 meaning. They are more probably from Em or Emm, an abbre- 
 viation of Emma or Emily. 
 
 ESSENCE. The name of a black man in the U.S. It may 
 come from Assens, a maritime town of Denmark, isl. Fiilinen ; 
 or from Uessen (Cassel, Darmstadt, Iloinlmrg, &c.), in Germany. 
 
 EVEN. From Evan ; from Iwavvr^, the original of .lolm. 
 
 EVENESS. Doubtless the same as the W. name Evans. It 
 may also come from some local name compounded of ness, a 
 promontory. 
 
LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 31 
 
 EVERHARD. See VERY. 
 
 EVERY. See VERY. 
 
 EVIL. The same as Eyvile, Eyvill, which with the prefix de 
 occurs in the H. R. See DEVIL. 
 
 EWE. See DOE. 
 
 EXCELL. Most probably the same as Exall ; from Exhall, 
 name of two parishes co. Warwick. 
 
 EXPENCE. A corruption of the names Spence or Spens. 
 Lower says spence is a yard or enclosure ; Jamieson renders 
 spens, the place where provisions are kept, and also the clerk of a 
 kitchen ; and Lower says, in the latter sense it is employed by 
 Wyntoim, and that Spens is an ancient surname in Scotland. 
 But see SPENCER. 
 
 EYE, EYES. From Eye, a town and parish co. Suffolk ; or 
 Eye, the name of parishes cos. Hereford and Northampton. 
 
 F. 
 
 FAGG (in H. R. Fag). See FIG. 
 
 FAIL. From Phail, Gaelic for Paul. Hence MACPHAIL. 
 
 FAIRCLOTH. A corruption of Fairclough ; from Dan. faar 
 a sheep, clough a cleft in a hill, also a narrow ravine or glen. 
 
 FAIRFEATHER. See MERRYWEATHER. 
 
 FAIRFIELD. From Fairfield, appellation of places in cos. 
 Derby, Kent, Lancaster, and of eleven local names in the U. S. 
 The name means sheep-field ; from Dan./aar, a sheep. 
 
 FAIRLAMB. Lower thinks this is from some local name 
 ending in ham. It may also be from one ending in Ian. If 
 we could suppose a Scand-Celtic compound (faar-lan), the name 
 would mean the sheep enclosure. There is, however, a parish 
 called Farlan, Cumberland. 
 
 FAIRPLAY. See PLAYFAIR. 
 
 FAIRWEATHER. See MERRYWEATHER. 
 
32 LUDUS PATKONYMICUS. 
 
 FALL, also Faw, Faa, a celebrated Gipsy name in the north 
 of England ; also found in the London Directory. It is probably 
 from locality, as in H. R. we find De Fall. 
 
 FANCY. Doubtless from locality; some think from Vanchi, 
 near Neufchatel, in Normandy. 
 
 FAREWELL. From Farewell, a parish co. Stafford, known 
 by the curious designation of Farewell-with-Charley ! The last 
 syllable is most probably from ville, and the name may mean the 
 " sheep dwelling." See FAIRFIELD. 
 
 FARTHING. This may be the same as Fardeu, and of local 
 origin. " Fardan," says Lower, " occurs as an undertenant in 
 Domesday." 
 
 FATHERLY. See LEGG. 
 
 FAWN. The same as Fawnes and De Fawnes ; from Fawns, 
 in Northumberland. 
 
 FEAR. The same as Fare (Mac Fare), Phear, Phair, Phaire, 
 Phayer, Phairs ; from Gael. /ear, a man, hero. It may also some- 
 times be from A. S.fceger, fair ; or/ara, O. N./an', a traveller. 
 
 FEARMAN. See PHARAOH. 
 
 FEARWEATHER. See MERRYWEATHER. 
 
 FEATHER. This name may be from Ice. /rid/-, A. S.freothe, 
 freotho, liberty, peace, love; or from G. frith herr, a protecting 
 lord ; but I should rather derive from Feodore, i. e. Theodore. 
 Ferguson considers Feather the same with Father, G. Vater, cor- 
 responding as it does very nearly with a north of England pronun- 
 ciation, as also with feder, one of the A. S. forms. The name 
 Fearby, in Yorkshire, was in Domesday Federbi. Featherstone 
 is the appellation of places in cos. Northumberland; Stafford, and 
 York ; doubtless from the A. S. name Frithestan, whence pro- 
 bably Featherstonhaugh. 
 
 FELON. A U. S. name. Most probably a corruption of 
 Fallon, which is also found in the States. Ferguson connects 
 Fallon with Fail, and thinks the latter may be from O. N.feila, 
 pudi-re ; and the former from feilinn^ pudibundus. Fallon is 
 
LUDUS PATROXYMICUS. 33 
 
 rather from the Irish name O'Fallon, said to be a corruption of 
 O'Phelan ; from Faolan, whose son Motliea was at Clontarf 
 in 1014. A district in Roscommon was known as O'Fallon's 
 country. O'Connellan gives the O'Faolains or O'Felans, or 
 Whelans, among the Irish chiefs and clans of Desies. 
 
 FEVER. From 0. Fr. Lefevre, "the smith." Cf. the t' S. 
 names Favor, Lefever, Lefevre, Lefebre, Lefavour, Lefavor. 
 
 FIFE, var. Fyfe and Fyffe, from co. Fife, Scotland. 
 
 FIGG. "A Feg occurs in Yorkshire ante 1086, Domesday, 
 and a Figge in Kent, 31 Edw. III. In the latter county, at a 
 later period, the Figgs, Faggs, and Foggs flourished contem- 
 poraneously, and may have had a common origin ; and other 
 kindred forms are Fig, Figes, Figgs, &c." Lower. All these 
 names are through the 0. Fr., from L. fagus, a beech-tree. 
 Hence also several other French names ; as Fay, De la 
 Fayette, &c. 
 
 FILBERT. The same as the 0. G. name Filiberthus (Philo- 
 bertus) ; from viel brecht, very renowned ( prseclarus) . Wachter 
 renders viel in composition, weit and laut. 
 
 FILL. See FILLPOT. 
 
 FILLPOT, PHILPOT. A diminutive of Philp from Philip. 
 Philpot was the name of a gardener at Highgate, Middlesex, and 
 there is a publican at Hammersmith named Phillpott. From the 
 first part of the name are Fill and Filkin, and from the last 
 syllable, Pot, Pott, Potts. 
 
 FINCH. See WINCH. 
 
 FIPPENY. See PENNY. 
 
 FIRKIN. A diminutive of some Christian name, or of the 
 name Phear, or Fear. Ferguson thinks it may be from A. S. 
 fir-cyn, race of man, which is absurd. 
 
 FISH. From A. S. fiscere, a fisher (fisherman). Ferguson 
 says Fisk and Fish signified a salmon-fisher. 
 
 FLASHMAN. A corruption of the name Flaxman, a dresser 
 of flax, or a spinner. Lower, under " Flashman," says "flashes 
 
 D 
 
34 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 is a word proverbially applied to flood-gates, and that the flash- 
 man probably had the care of such gates." 
 
 FLATMAN. From A. S. flotmann, a sailor. "One Floteman 
 was an undertenant in Yorkshire before the compilation of 
 Domesday." 
 
 FLOAT. From A. S.jl6ta, a sailor. It may also sometimes 
 be local ; for, as Lower says, " an Hampshire family wrote them- 
 selves De Flote." La Flotte is the name of a comm. and seaport 
 town of France, dep. Charente-Inf. 
 
 FLOCK. Perhaps from Floques, near Eu, in Normandy. 
 Flockton is the name of a place in Yorkshire. 
 
 FLOOD, i. q. FLOYD, LLOYD. Andrew Borde, in his Boke of 
 Knowledge, makes a Welshman say, " I am a gentylman and come 
 of Brutus blood ; my name is Ap Pyce, Ap Davy, Ap Flood." 
 
 FLUX. A corruption of Fulkes, Foulkes, Folkes, Fullicks, 
 Faulks, Foalkes, Folkes, Fowkes ; from A. S. folc, folk ; G./ofc, 
 ?////-, people, nation, perhaps also used in the sense of " re- 
 nowned." Cf. the G. names Fulco, Folcho, Folca, Folchold, 
 Folcwar, Folcmar, Folcrim, Folcwin, Folcrad, Folcharat, Folchard, 
 Eng. Folkard, Fr. Foucard. Flux might also come from Floques, 
 in Normandy. See FLOCK. 
 
 FLY. u A place near Gournay, in Normandy, once famous for 
 reat Abbey. It was anciently called Flagi, Chron. of Battel 
 Abbey, p. 4'J." Lower. 
 
 F< )LLY. Doubtless the same as Foley ; from the local name 
 I'oley, anciently Fowleigh. 
 
 I ( )UCE (Fr. De la Force). From force (Dan./ors, 0. N. id.), 
 in the north of England, a waterfall or cascade. Hence the sur- 
 Wilberforce, formerly Wilberfosse, from Wilberfoss co. 
 York, named from one Williber, or Williberg. 
 
 FORT. From Fr. fort, strong, powerful. Cf. the French 
 I . Fort. 
 
 I '( ) I :T L* N E. 1 . From Fortunatus. 2. From Fortune co. Had- 
 dington. 
 
LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 35 
 
 FORTY, FORTYE. From Fuerty, a parish of Ireland, 
 Connaught ; or from forty, used by the Scottish poet 
 Douglas in the sense of brave. Hence perhaps the name 
 Fortyman. 
 
 FORTYMAN. See FORTY. 
 
 FOULFOOT. See HAZLEFOOT. 
 
 FOULLY. See LEGG. 
 
 FOULWEATHER. See MERRYWEATHER. 
 
 FOURAPENNY. See PENNY. 
 
 FOXWORTHY. A U. 8. name. See WORTH. 
 
 FREAK. The same as Fricke and Fricker ; from H. S. 
 fricca, a preacher. According to Dr. Doran, the word freak, a 
 whim or fancy, was derived from the caprices of a Dr. Freake, of 
 St. Bartholomew's. 
 
 FREELOVE. Lower gives a H. R. name Frelove, and an A. S. 
 name Frealaf. But see LAW. 
 
 FREELY. See LEGG. 
 
 FRESHFIELD. See FRETWELL, 
 
 FRETWELL. From Fritwell, a parish co. Oxon. Camden 
 however thinks it a corruption of the Norman De Fresheville 
 (Latinised De Frisca-villa). From the latter we have Freshville, 
 and perhaps Freshfield. 
 
 FRIENDLY. See LEGG. 
 
 FRIENDSHIP. A Devonshire name. See HOPE. 
 
 FROM. A name found in the U. S. ; perhaps from Frome in 
 Somerset, or Froome in Dorset (England). 
 
 FROST. 1. From the surname Forest, Forrest. 2. From the 
 German or Swiss name Fiirst ; from furst, a prince. One Alwin 
 Forst was a tenant in co. Hants before Domesday, and Frosti is 
 the name of a dwarf in the Scandinavian mythology. 
 
 FRY. 1. From Humphry. 2. Perhaps sometimes from Cor- 
 nish fry, a promontory ; literally a nose. 
 
 FUEL, i. q. FUGGLE, FOWELL, FOWLE. From A. S. 
 fugel, a fowl, bird. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 FULBORN. From Fulbourae co. Cambridge. But see SMALL- 
 BONE. 
 
 FULLALOVE. See LAW. 
 
 FULSOM. A U. S. name ; from root of Fulham (Middlesex) ; 
 from fug? s- ham, the bird's dwelling. 
 
 FUNK, FUNKE. Found as U. S. names. They may be 
 corrupted from Fulnecks, a village of England, co. York, or Ful- 
 neck or Fulik, a town of Moravia, circ. Prerau. 
 
 FUNNELL. Lower thinks this name may be a corruption of 
 Fontenelle, now St. Wandrille-sur-Seine, in Normandy, an ancient 
 barony, and the site of a famous monastery, near Carrdebec, and 
 that the corruption may have taken place thus : Fontenelle, 
 Fonnell, Funnell. 
 
 FURNACE. From Furnace, a village co. Argyle ; or Furness, 
 a manorial liberty in the north-west part of Lancashire ; or Furnes, 
 a town of Belgium, prov. W. Flanders. Cf. the surnames Furnice, 
 Fourniss, Fourness, Furnese, Furness, Furniss. There is also a 
 Furneaux, from Fourneaux-sur-Vire, in Normandy. 
 
 G. 
 
 GAB. See GABY. 
 
 GABLE. See GABY. 
 
 GABY. Probably a nickname of Gabriel. Hence no doubt 
 Gab, Gabb, Gabay, Gable, Gabel, Gabell. 
 
 GAILY. See LEGG. 
 
 GAIN. From the name Eugaine, which gave appellation to 
 
 Eugaine, commonly called Gain's Colne, a parish in Essex ; 
 
 doubtless from Enghien in the Pays Bas, anciently Anguien or 
 
 Knguicn, in Lat. Angia. Gane, Gaines, Gainey are doubtless 
 
 iron i the same root. 
 
 GALE. Lower says Gale signifies a Scottish Highlander, but 
 that the Gaels of Charlton-Kings co. Gloucester, have written 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 37 
 
 themselves, at various periods, Galle, Gale, Gael, and originally 
 De Gales. This may either refer to Calais or Wales, which latter, 
 in Anglo-Norman times, was known as Galles or Gales. In 
 local compounds the vocable hall is often corrupted to gale. 
 
 GALLIARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 GALLON. Bowditch says, "In 1844 one Joseph Galliano 
 died in Boston, and in our Probate Records he has the alias of 
 Joseph Gallon, that having been his popular name." Lower 
 gives the H. R. forms " Galien, Galiuii, Galion, Galun, and 
 Galeyn." Said Joseph may have been from Galliano, a village 
 of N. Italy, not far from Como ; but the English name may be 
 from Galien, a parish of Ireland, Leinster ; or Galloon, Ulster, 
 co. Fermanagh ; or Gaillan, Gaillon, two comms. and towns of 
 France, one dep. Gironde, the other dep. Eure. 
 
 GALLOP. See HOPE. 
 
 GALLOWS. Perhaps i. q. Hallows, from Hallow, a parish in 
 Worcester, or i. q. Callow, from Callow co. Hereford ; or Callow 
 co. Derby. The A. S. calo is bald. 
 
 GAMBLE. Lower says, " Gam el occurs both in Domesday 
 and in the H. R. In the latter ' Fitz Gamel ' is also found. A. S. 
 gamol or gamel, old, aged Gamblesby, in Cumberland, pro- 
 bably derived its name from a Danish proprietor." Gamla is the 
 name of a town of Finland. Gamble may however be corrupted 
 from the name Gumboil, q. v. 
 
 GAMBLING. Probably of local origin, and doubtless the 
 same as the H. R. Gamelin, De Gameling. Gamlin-gay is the 
 name of a parish co. Cambridge. 
 
 GAME. See WALKINGHA.ME. 
 
 GAMMON. From Gaelic ma-ghamuim, a bear; from magh- 
 ghabhuin, literally a calf of the plain. 
 
 GANDER. Some derive this name from the bird. Grimm 
 also refers the name of the great Vandal chief Genseric to 
 gdnserich, a gander. Gander is more probably from 0. TS.gandr, 
 a wolf. Gandr occurs as a surname in the Landnamabok. 
 
38 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 GARLICK, i. q. the German name Gerlach ; from ger-leich, 
 lich, warlike. 
 
 GARMENT. The same name as Garman, Gorman, Jarman, 
 German, Jermain ; from the 0. G. name Garmund (0. H. G. 
 Uermunt; in the Landnamabok, Geirmundr) ; from gcr-mund, a 
 defence in war. Hence, perhaps, by inverson the name Manger. 
 
 GEM. A U. S. name. Another form of Jem, nickname for 
 James. From Jem we have, as a diminutive, Jemmett. 
 
 GENDER. Perhaps the same as Gander, q. v. Ferguson says 
 Gender corresponds with a Mod. G. Genther, compounded of 
 here, an army. 
 
 GHEBKEN, GERKEN. For Jerkin, a diminutive of Jere- 
 miah. Ferguson says Gerken corresponds with a G. Gherken, 
 which he classes with the 0. H. G. Gericho, Mod. G. Gericke, 
 Gehrke, Gerke, and derives from A. S. gar a spear, 0. N. geir, 
 O. S. and 0. Fries, ger. 
 
 GIDDY. An ancient Cornish family, formerly written Gedy, 
 Geddey, Gidey, &c. Possibly a nurse name of Gideon. Lower. 
 
 GILDER3LEEVES (in U. S. Gildersleeve, in H. R. Gyldene- 
 sleve). An Irish name derived from some local name compounded 
 of sliabh (pronounced sleeve), a mountain, moor. 
 
 GILL. A U. S. name. Contracted from Gillet for Willet, a 
 diminutive of Will for William. 
 
 GIN. This surname may be from one of the Scottish names 
 Mac Gin, Mac Ginn, Mac Genn, Mac Gane, Mac Geehan, Mac 
 (Jiehan, Mac Geachan. Lower thinks Ginn, Gin, may be the 
 same as Genn with the G. softened ; and he says the latter is 
 Cornish, and is considered to be from the root of Planta-^en-ista. 
 
 GIN< i KK. From A. S. yigra, a younger, disciple ; from ging, 
 young, tender. 
 
 GIRL. Same as Garle, which Ferguson thinks may be another 
 form of Carl. It may also be the same as the 0. G. Gerlo, fern. 
 Gerla, which he considers diminutives of Gero and Gera, from 
 yer, a spear. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 39 
 
 GLASS. 1. From Glass, a parish in cos. Aberdeen and Banff. 
 2. From Nicholas. Cf. Class and the German Glaus ; whence 
 Clause, Clausse, Claussen, Classen. 3. From Gael, glas, grey, 
 blue, green ; found in Ir., W., Armor., and Corn. 
 
 GLASSCOCK. See GLASS. 
 
 GLAZARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 GLISTER. 1. The same as Glaister. 2. For Lister; from 
 the old word lytster or Ulster, a dyer; or from listre, a person 
 employed to read some portions of the church service. Webster 
 renders " lister," " one who makes a list or roll." 
 
 GOAD. See GOAT. 
 
 GOAT. From Corn, goed, a wood. Hence, perhaps, Goad 
 and Gout. 
 
 GODSON. See GOODSON. 
 
 GODSPENNY. See PENNY. 
 
 GOLD, i. q. GOLDE, and the Goldus of Domesday; also Waldie, 
 Waldo ; from G. wald, a wood, or 0. G. wait, powerful, governing, 
 ruling ; also a prefect. 
 
 GOLDHAM. SeeCoLDHAM. 
 
 GOLDMAN. From G. wald-man, woodman. Hence, by cor- 
 ruption, Goldman. See GOODMAN. 
 
 GOLIGHTLY. See LEGG. 
 
 GOLLOP. See HOPE. " The Gollops of Strode co. Dorset 
 have a tradition of Danish or Swedish descent from a soldier of 
 fortune who was living in 1465. B. L. G." Lower. 
 
 GOOD. For Wood. 
 
 GOODAIR. See GOODYEAR. 
 
 GOODALE. The same as Woodhall ; from Woodhall, name 
 of a parish co. Lincoln, and of places in several counties. 
 
 GOODBEER. See GOODYEAR. 
 
 GOODBEHERE. See GOODYEAR. 
 
 GOODBOYS. From some Fr. local name ending in bois, a 
 wood. 
 
 GOODCHAP. See GOODCHEAP. 
 
40 LUDUS PATRON TMICUS. 
 
 GOODCHEAP (in H. R. Godchep). From some local name 
 ending in cheap (See CHIP). Hence Goodchap and Goodsheep. 
 
 GOODENOUGH. From some local name, perhaps originally 
 Woodknowe, compounded of knowe, a Scotticism equivalent to 
 knoll, the top or crown of a hill; but more generally a little 
 round hill or mount, a small elevation of earth ; from A. S. cnoll, 
 knol, W. cnol. Cf. the name Oldknow. 
 
 GOODFELLOVV. For Woodfellow ; from A. S. wuda-felaw, 
 a wood companion or follower. 
 
 GOODGROOM. See GOODRUM. 
 
 GOODHEART. Same as Woodward, an officer of the 
 wood or forest ; or from Goddard, Goddart, " one strong in 
 God." 
 
 GOODLAKE. Same as the surname Woodley, name of 
 parishes and places in co. Devon, &c. &c. Hence Goodluck. 
 
 GOODLUCK. See GOODLAKE. 
 
 GOODMAN. 1. The same as Woodman. 2. From the 0. G. 
 and A. S. baptismal name Gudmund, " powerful in war." 
 
 GOODRAM. See GOODRUM. . 
 
 GOODRUM. Ferguson thinks this name may be a corruption 
 of Gothrun or Guthrum ; from guth war, ormr a serpent ; and he 
 pays Gothrun or Guthrum was the name of the Danish king who 
 was baptised by Alfred. It may also be from G. wald-ram, strong 
 or powerful prince ; or from Goldrun (Waldron, Calderon) ; from 
 wald-run, a powerful friend. Hence the names Goodram, Good- 
 groom. 
 
 GOODSHEEP. See GOODCHEAP. 
 
 GOODSIR. Name of a celebrated Scotch anatomist, lately 
 deceased. It was perhaps originally Woodseer, one who super- 
 intends a wood. Cf. Landseer, which Lower renders " one who 
 overlooks or superintends lands for another, a bailiff." 
 
 GOODSON. From the parish of Gooderstone, commonly 
 Goodson, co. Norfolk ; from wood and ton. Hence doubtless the 
 name Godson. 
 
LUDUS PATKONYMICUS. 41 
 
 GOOD WILL. A corruption of Wood ville ; perhaps from Wood- 
 ville, near Burton-on-Trent. See also WOODFALL. 
 
 GOODWINS, GOODWIN. 1. From Godwin, Godwine, " be- 
 loved of God "=Theophilus. 2. Same as Goldwin, i. e. Waldwin, 
 which may translate both " victorious prince," and " powerful 
 friend." 
 
 GOODYEAR. Another form of Woodyer, a woodman. This 
 name^has been corrupted to Goodair, Goodbeer, and Goodbehere. 
 
 GOOSE. From Corn. gus t a wood. It may sometimes be the 
 same with Goss, Gosse, Gass. [There is a Gas in the Landnama- 
 bok.] Graff suggests that Goz in 0. G. names is another form of 
 Gaud, which is most probably Goth ; to which Forsteraan refers 
 the 0. G. names Gauso, Gozzo, Gossa, Mod. G. Gause and Goss. 
 (See Furguson.) Gas, Gass, Gasse, Cas, Casse may sometimes be 
 from Cassandra ; or even from the Dan. gasse, a gander. 
 
 GOOSEMAN. Same as Guzman, Gudmund ; from 0. G. gunt- 
 mund, A. S. guth-mund, a warrior. 
 
 GOOSEY. From Goosey, a tithing in the parish of Stanford- 
 in-the-vale, Berks. 
 
 GORE. Same as Gower, Goar, Gover ; from Guyr (Gowerj, in 
 Wales, signifying " sloping." Archd. Williams translates gover 
 a small stream, and the W. gower is a croft, close ; and gofwr, 
 govwr, a strong mound or tower. Verstegan says the name Gower 
 is derived from a kind of cake formerly made for children ! 
 
 GOTOBED. Mr. Fox Talbot derives this name from 0. G. 
 Gott-bet, " Pray to God." Lower gives a Gotobedd and a Gote- 
 bedde, and thinks the name may have been given as a sobriquet 
 to people more than ordinarily attached to their couch ; and he 
 says a similar collocation of words forming a surname occurs in 
 the H. R. ; viz., Serlo Go-to-Jcirke. The whole name may be from 
 guth-beada, a war counsellor ; or the last part from A. S. boda, a 
 messenger. It may also be a compound of two names. Obed is 
 a surname at the present day. Cf. Meyerbeer, from Meyer Beer. 
 
 GOUT. See GOAT. 
 
42 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 GOWN. For Gowan, from Gael, gobhainn, a blacksmith. 
 
 GRAIN, GRAINE, GRANE. From Grain in Kent. 
 
 GRAMMAR. This may be the same as the ancient name 
 Grimar ; perhaps from 0. N. gramr, grimr, fierce, or gramr, a king. 
 Cf. the surnames Grimm, Graimm, Graeme, Gream, Gryme, 
 Graham, &c. The W. grymus is powerful, strong, nervous ; gry m, 
 force, energy, powerful : the Brit, gnjm, force, energy, power, 
 strength : the Gael, grim, griom, war, battle ; gruaim, a gloom, a 
 frown or surly look; gruama, surly, stern, morose; gruaimean, a 
 surly man, a man with a frowning visage ; groimh, a grin, a visage, 
 a nickname for one with a grinning countenance. The O. G. 
 grimm is rigid, vehement, intense anger, furor, cruelty : G. id. 
 furious, grim : the A. S. grim, fierce, rough, ferocious ; gram, 
 raging, fury ; gremian, to provoke : the D. gram, angry ; grimmen, 
 to growl : the Dan. grim, stern, grim, peevish ; gram, grudging, 
 hating, peevish. 
 
 GRASS. This name means fat, stout ; from Fr. gras. 
 
 GRAVELLY. A U. S. name, same as Graveley ; from Grave- 
 ley, name of parishes cos. Herts and Cambridge. But see also 
 LEGG. 
 
 GREENLAW. From Greenlaw co. Berwick. See LAW. 
 
 GREENSWORD. See LONGSWORD. 
 
 GRIEF. Same as Grieve, Greive ; from A. S. gerefa (G. graf), 
 a bailiff, a reeve. 
 
 GRIFFIN. Said to have been early used to designate a 
 Welshman. 
 
 Godcfray of Garlckhitho, and Gryffijn the Walshe. 
 
 Piers Ploughman, ed. Wright, p. 96. 
 
 Another orthography of Griffith. Lower says it is a common 
 baptismal name in Wales, arid that Domesday shows a Grifin 
 in Cornwall, and in Cheshire a Grifin Rex, first a favourite of 
 Edward the Confessor, and afterwards a rebel against him. See 
 also Notes and Queries, 3rd S. xi. 504. 
 GRIFF1NIIOOKE. A German name introduced into England 
 
LUDUS PATRONTMICUS. 43 
 
 by one of the physicians of Geo. I. Mr. Fox Talbot says one 
 might suppose this to be from the G. grafen-hof, implying some 
 person attached to the court of a count, if there had not existed 
 a German family name Greifenklau, or the Griffin's claw ; and 
 Lower says, " In mediaeval poems, &c., many references to griffins' 
 claws are found. In ' Ruodlieb ' the hero wears, apparently, a hunt- 
 ing horn made of such a talon. ' Pendet et a niveo sibimet gripis 
 ungula collo.' " The name probably means the " count's yard or 
 court." 
 
 GRILLAKD. See HAZARD. 
 
 GRIMM. See GRAMMAR. 
 
 GRINDALL. A chapelry in Yorkshire. 
 
 GROOM. See CRUMB. 
 
 GROUSE. There was an 0. G. Grauso, of the sixth century, 
 which Forstemann refers to A. S. greosan, horrere ; but this name 
 is the same with Grose, Gross, implying great, big in stature ; 
 from Fr. gros, L. crassus. 
 
 GRUMBLE. A corruption of the old Frankish name Grim- 
 bald ; from grim-bald, fierce and bold ; or the same name as the 
 0. H. G. Rumbold, Mod. G. Rumpolt; from hruom-bold, famously 
 bold. 
 
 GUESS. A corruption of the surname Guest. 
 
 GUESSARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 GUISE. Erom Guise, a comm. and town of France, dep. 
 Aisne, probably deriving its name from its situation on the Ouse, 
 found anciently written Gusia and Gusgia. 
 
 GUM. The same as Gumm, Gomm, the 0. G. Goma, a Dan. 
 Gummi in Saxo, a U. S. Gumma [Gommo, Gummoe, Gummow 
 are found in Cornwall]. From A. S. guma, Goth, id., O. H. G. 
 gomo, 0. Eng. obs. gom, a man. 
 
 GUMBOIL. Corrupted from the 0. G. name Gumpold or 
 Gundbold ; from gund-bold, bold in war. Cf. the old German 
 names Gontharis, Guntharis, Giinther, Gundericus, Gundemundus, 
 Guntramnus. 
 
44 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 GUMP. Not from gump, a vulgar word for a foolish person, 
 a dolt, but from Gump, in St. Agnes, Cornwall ; from Cornish 
 guimp, gump, downhill, in W. ar givympo. 
 
 GUN. Same as Gunn. From one of the old German names, 
 Gundbald, Gundebert, Gundric; or from 0. G. gun, a man 
 (which Wachter derives from kennen, to be able). Indeed 
 Wachter thinks that from this gun is gund, a heroine (vira, 
 virago) ; whence the 0. G. names Adelgunda, Cuniguuda, Frede- 
 gunda, Gundaberga. 
 
 GUSH. See CASH. 
 
 GUTTER. Corrupted from Gauthier, Gautier, French forms 
 of Walter ; from G. waiter, which Wachter renders " negotiorum 
 gestor." With the Basque affix es or ez, son, we doubtless have 
 the celebrated Spanish name Gutierrez, whence the English name 
 Gutteres. 
 
 H. 
 
 HACKSTAFF. See WAGSTAPF. 
 
 HADDOCK. This name has been considered the same as the 
 Saxon Hadeca and Hadiko ; probable diminutives of Chad, Head, 
 A. S. Hedda, and the 0. G. names Haddo, Hadow, Chatto. I 
 take it to be corrupted from Eadwig ; from A. S. ead-wig, fortunate 
 in war, or ead-wiga, prosperous warrior. Hence probably the 
 name Headache. 
 
 HAGGARD. Same as Hoggart, Huggard ; from hoog-ftart, a 
 D. G. compound signifying very high or big. 
 
 HAIL. Same as Hale ; from Cornish ///, hale, a moor ; /</, a 
 hill ; or //"//, bountiful ; also a river that runs into the sea. There 
 is Hale in Broadoak parish (Cornwall) ; and Hayle is the name of 
 a seaport and town in Peuwith hundred. 
 
 HAILSTONE. This is hardly the same name as the Hallstein 
 of the Landnaraabok ; but is more probably from Ilelston, in 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 45 
 
 Cornwall, which Pryce derives from hal-las-ton, the hill by a green 
 moor. 
 
 HAKE. Same as Haig and Haigh; from Haigh co. Lan- 
 caster; from A. S. J/agen, a hay, hedge, meadow. 
 
 HALFPENNY. The names Halfpenny and Twopenny are 
 probably from different roots than the names found under " Penny." 
 Halfpenny is found written Halpeny and Halpeni ; and Allpenny 
 and Alpenny are perhaps the same name. They may be cor- 
 rupted from the surname De Albini, D'Aubignie (whence Dau- 
 beney), said to be from Aubigny, in Contentin, Normandy. 
 Twopenny, found Twopeny, may be the same name. There are, 
 however, the French Tubini and Doupenay ; and there is also a 
 Dobenny, and a Flemish Tupigni ; but some of these may be from 
 Piney or Pigney, in Champagne. 
 
 HALSTAFF. See WAGSTAFF. 
 
 HAM. From A. S. ham, a homestead. Cf. Coldham and Hot- 
 ham. 
 
 HAMPER. Corruption of the name Hanaper, one who held an 
 office of that name. A Galfridus le Hanaper occurs in H. R. 
 The Hanaper Office was a place where writs were formerly 
 deposited in coarse baskets called hanapers. See Spelman. 
 The common word hamper is a corruption of hanaper. 
 
 HAXDYSIDE (Handasyd). See SIDE. 
 
 HANKPENNY. See PENNY. 
 
 HAPPY. See APPLE. 
 
 HARDMAN. The same as Hardiman, Hartman (perhaps the 
 inverse of Maynard) ; from G-. hart-mund, a strong man. 
 
 HAREFOOT. Lower thinks this surname had a figurative 
 reference to swiftness of. foot ; and he says there is an instance of 
 this application in King Harold Harefoot, and that at the present 
 day the family name Pie-de-lievre exists in France. I consider it 
 same as Harford ; from Harford co. Devon ; or from the town of 
 Hertford. But see HAZLEFOOT. 
 
 HAT. According to Ferguson, Hatt is the oldest hereditary 
 
46 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 surname on record. He says it corresponds with the O. G. names 
 Hatto, Heddo, and Chado, signifying " war," and consequently 
 with Haddo, Head, Chad, whence perhaps Shade. It is more 
 likely from the root of heath, viz. A. S. hceth, D. and G. heide, 
 Dan. hede. 
 
 HATFULL. Corruption of the surname Hatfield ; from Hat- 
 field, name of several places in England ; from hceth-feld, heath 
 field. 
 
 HATOFF. This name is probably of Slavonic origin = son of 
 Hat. 
 
 HATRED. Same as Outred, the O. G. name Hadarat, and the 
 A. S. personal name Utred or Uhtred ; from 0. G. ot-rat, distin- 
 guished in council, or illustrious councillor. 
 
 HAZARD. Ard, art, ert, the termination of several thousand 
 names, is generally equivalent to " son," and is derived from G. 
 art, kind, species, race. Among other names are Bichard, Billiard 
 (Bill), Bustard (Bust), Buzzard, Canard, Caward, Chaffard (Chaff, 
 i. e. Chauve), Clayard (Clay), Clinkard, Costard, Covert, Coward 
 (Cow), Custard (Cust), Dullard (Dull), Galliard, Glazard (Glaze), 
 Grillard, Guessard, Hazard, Izzard, Killard, Klinkheart (Klink), 
 Lollard, Mansard, Mustard (Moist, for Moyce, Moyes, i. e. Moses), 
 Packard (Pack), Peckard (Peck or Pech), Perchard, Pinchard 
 (Pinch), Pirssard, Pissard, Poignard, Pollard (Pol or Paul), 
 Popard, Punchard (Punch), Ramard (Ram), Rollard, Spillard 
 (Spill), Stoppard, Touchard (Touch), Trenchard (Trench), 
 Windard, Woolard (Wool), Workhard, &c. 
 
 HAZLEFOOT or HASLEFOOT. From some local name 
 ending in " ford." Hence Crowfoot, Dayfoot, Foulfoot, Harefoot, 
 Lightfoot, Playfoot [there is also Playford], Proudfoot, Puddifoot 
 Whitefoot. 
 
 HEADACHE. See HADDOCK. 
 
 HEAL. See HELL. 
 
 HEAVEN, II i:A V I ;.\S. A corruption of Evan, Evans. See 
 EVEN. There is however a German Ilimmcl. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 47 
 
 HELL. According to Mr. Bowditch the name Holl in the U. S. 
 is pronounced Hell ; and Holle, without prefix, is found in H. R. 
 It may also be the same with Hele ; from Hele, Heale, or Heal ; a 
 manor in the parish of Bradmnch, Devon. Hell however is 
 found as a German name ; perhaps from hell, clear, bright. 
 
 HERITAGE (H. R. Heritag). Doubtless of German origin. 
 See SINGLEDAY. 
 
 HEROD. Not the classical name ; but the same with Heraud, 
 and an O. G. Herod, which* Forstemann derives from heroti, 
 principatus. They are probably the same as Harold. 
 
 HERRING. This name may be the same as Hering, from 
 some locality compounded of ing, a meadow. Hornsey, Middlesex, 
 from tlje thirteenth to the sixteenth century was called in public 
 records Haringee, Haringhee, or Haringay, signifying the meadow 
 of hares. Pott however gives Herr and Herring as German names ; 
 and the root may be 0. G. herrin, a lady, fern, of herr or from 
 A. S. here-rinc, which Dr. Bosworth renders " hostile counsellor ;" 
 but which may also mean " war counsellor." 
 
 HIGGINBOTTOM. See BOTTOM. 
 
 HINDER. A U. S. name. Doubtless the same as the Cornish 
 name Hender ; originally Hendower, said to be of Welsh origin ; 
 from W. hen-dwr, Corn, hean-dower, the old water. 
 
 HINDERWELL. A parish co. York. 
 
 HISCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 HITCHCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 HOG. Same as Hogg, Hogge, Hugh, Hugo; from D. hoog, 
 high. 
 
 HOMER. As an English name, not derived from that of the 
 Greek poet. Ferguson thinks it to be from Hamer, according to 
 Grimm, a name under which traces of Thor are still to be found 
 in the popular speech of Germany, and derived, no doubt, from 
 the celebrated hammer or mallet wielded by Thor (from A. S. 
 hamor, homer, a hammer); or an A. S. form of the 0. N. name 
 Heimir ; from 0. N. heim, Eng. home, Sco. hame. He also says 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 Homer may correspond with the German name Homeir ; probably 
 from hof-meier,& farm steward. A more reasonable derivation is 
 from 0. Eng-. and 0. Fr. hiaumer, one who fabricates helms, i. e. 
 helmets ; from A. S. helma, a helm. 
 HONEBONE. See HONEYBUM. 
 
 HONEYBUM, HOXEYBUN, HONEYBONE. From Honey- 
 bourne or Cow-Honeybourne co. Gloucester. Hence Honeybun 
 and Honeybone. 
 
 HOXEYBUN. See HONIYBUM. 
 
 HOOD. A corruption of Wood. Woodward is often pro- 
 nounced Hoodard. 
 
 HOODLESS. Perhaps =" wood leas." See LEGO. 
 HOOK. A corruption of Oak, which explains itself. 
 HOPE. Name of parishes in cos. Derby, Flint, Hereford, Kent, 
 Salop, York, &c. ; and also of two townships in the U. S. Jamie- 
 son renders it a sloping hollow between two hills, and Camden, the 
 aide of a hill. Ferguson gives A. S. hopu, a mound, or O. N. 
 Mp, a recess. I find no such word in Saxon. Among other local 
 surnames compounded of hope are Friendship, Gallop, Gollop, 
 Lightup, Milsop, Milksop, Peasoop, Pickup, Startup, Stirrop, 
 Stirrup, Trollope, Walkup. 
 
 HOPELESS. This name may mean "the hop meadows." But 
 see LEGG. 
 
 HORSECRAFT. See CRAFT. 
 
 HORSNAILL. Same as Horsnell, which in 0. G. might trans- 
 late either very quick, or as swift as a horse (ras-schnell, or hros- 
 schneir). Cf. the German names Schnell, Schnelle, Snelgar, and 
 the Eng. Snell, Snelling, Snelson. 
 
 HOTIIAM. From Ilotham, a parish co. York; from holt- 
 ham, the dwelling in the wood. Cf. the surnames Coldham and 
 Ham. 
 
 HOUSEHOLD. Same as Oswald. See ASHMAN. 
 HOUSEMAN. See ASHMAN. 
 HOVELL. Said to be the same as Havill and Aulx -rvilk- : 
 
LUDUS TATRONYMICUS. 49 
 
 from Aubervilliers, a village of France, dep. Seine. Cf. Lower's 
 Pat. Brit. 
 
 HOY. Same as Hoey, Mac Hoey, for Mackay, Mac Kay, or 
 Mac-Aiodh, the son of Hugh. It may sometimes be from Hoy, 
 an island and parish of Orkney. 
 
 HUE. Same as Hugh, Hugo; from D. hoog, high, A. S. 
 heah, lug, Sw. hog. Hence Huett, Hewet, Hewett, Hewitt, 
 &c. &c. 
 
 HULL. From Hull co. York; or hull, an old word for a 
 hill. 
 
 HUM. Same as Hume or Home ; from Hume or Home, a 
 parish of Scotland, co. Berwick, which gave title to the once 
 powerful baronial family of Home, remains of whose castle still 
 exist there. 
 
 HUMAN. Same as Hughman ; from D. hoog-man, a tall man, 
 or G. hoh-mund, a great man. 
 
 HUMBER. Not from the river of this name, but from the 
 personal name Humbert. 
 
 HUMBLE. 1. Corrupted from the name Humboldt. 2. From 
 the manor of W. Humble, parish of Mickleham, Surrey. Fer- 
 guson derives the old Danish names Humbl or Humbli from 
 0. N. humall, the hop plant ; and he says our name Humble 
 occurs chiefly in the old Danish districts of England. 
 
 HUNGER. From Chipping Ongar co. Essex, or from its root, 
 the A. S. ing, a meadow, which in German assumes the form of 
 ingr. 
 
 HUSSEY is found written De la Hosse or Heuze, De Hosa, 
 and De Hoese ; and according to Stapleton's Rot. Scacc. Norm, 
 was named from le Hozu, a fief in the parish of Grand Quevilly, 
 near Rouen ; and Lower says there is a place now spelt 
 Heusse", dep. La Manche. The local name is without doubt 
 from the Fr. houssaie, a place where much holly grows, a holly 
 grove. 
 
50 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 I. 
 
 ICEMONGER. An ironmonger ; from A. S. isen, iron, and 
 monger. Lower. 
 
 IDLE, IDOL. From Idle, a chapelry co. York, W. R. 
 
 IDOL. See IDLE. 
 
 IMAGE. See MARRIAGE. 
 
 INCH, INCHES. From Inch, name of several parishes and 
 places in Scotland. Inch generally signifies an island, but some- 
 times level ground contiguous to a river, and is derived from 
 Gael, innis, Ir. inis, Corn, emu's, W. ynis, Armor, enes and enesan, 
 an island ; from L. insula. 
 
 \ XKPEN. Formerly Ingepen ; from Inkpen, a parish co. 
 Berks. Ingpen is doubtless the same surname, and is perhaps 
 the original orthography of the local name. See also PENNY. 
 
 IRON, IRONS, HIRONS. From Hieronymus; whence also 
 Jerom, Jerome. Lower thinks Iron, Irons may be from Airan, a 
 village near Caen, in Normandy. 
 
 IVORY. Found De Ivery and De Ivri. From the Castle of 
 Ivery in Normandy ; so called from its situation on the river 
 Eure or Evre. Hence the family was entitled " Comes de Iberio." 
 
 IVY. Same as Ive ; corrupted from Inawrjs, i. e. John. Cf. 
 Mac Ivor, from Mac-Ian-Mohr, pron. Mac-Ia-vor, the son of 
 Big John. 
 
 1VYLEAF. From root of Yellow, q. v. 
 
 IZZARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 JACKET. A diminutive of Jacques, t. e. James. 
 .1 KI.LY. From root of Yellow, q. v. 
 
LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 61 
 
 JOLLY. This name has been derived from Julius. But see 
 YELLOW. 
 
 JOY. From Johe, found in old records as a contraction of 
 Johanne, Johannes, *. e. John. Jouy is, however, the name of 
 many comms. of France, in deps. Eure-et-Loir, Moselle, &c. ; and 
 there is Jouy-sur-Morin, a comm. and village dep. Seine-et- 
 Marne, on the Morin. 
 
 JUGG, JUGGS. Same as Jeake, Jeakes, Jex ; from Jacques, 
 Fr. for James. 
 
 JUMP. A village co. Devon, Roborough Hundred. 
 
 JUMPER. From Jeane Pierre. Lower thinks the name 
 means a maker of jumps, a short leather coat or boddice formerly 
 worn by women. 
 
 JUNE. From the Fr. name Jeune, " young." 
 
 K. 
 
 KEEL. From Keele, a parish co. Stafford ; or Keal, name of 
 two parishes co. Lincoln. 
 
 KEEN, KEENE. 1. Same as Kean, O'Kean, from Gael, 
 ceann, head, commander ; Ir. ceann, a head, chief, leader, captain. 
 2. From Kean or Keyne (St.), a parish co. Cornwall. 
 
 KEEPING. 1. From Kippen, a parish of Scotland, cos. Perth 
 and Stirling. 2. A patronymic of the name Keep, or compounded 
 of ing, a meadow. 
 
 KETTLE. From Kettle co. Fife. There are however the 
 surnames Kettel, Ketell, and Kittle. Chetell occurs as a sur- 
 name in Domesday ; and in H. R. are found Ketel and Ketyl ; 
 and in old writings Catul or Katel. 
 
 KEYLOCK. SeeLEGG. 
 
 KILBOY. See KILPATRICK. 
 
 KILBRIDE. Name of several parishes of Ireland, the prin- 
 
 E 2 
 
52 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 cipal being cos. Cavan, Meath, and Roscommon. But see KIL- 
 
 PATRICK. 
 
 KILLARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 KILLMAN. A U. S. name. See CHILD. 
 
 KILLMARTIN. A U. S. name. Bowditch thinks it a cor- 
 ruption of Gilmartin, " follower of Martin." But see KILPATRICK. 
 
 KILLMISTER, KILMASTER, KILLMASTER. From Kil- 
 ininster, near Wick, in Scotland. But see KILPATRICK. 
 
 KILMANY. From Kilmany, a parish co. Fife. See KIL- 
 PATRICK. 
 
 KILMASTER, KILLMASTER. See KILMISTER. 
 
 KILPATRICK. Name of two parishes of Scotland, cos. 
 Dumbarton and Stirling ; from Gael, cill (Ir. id., L. cella), a cell, 
 chapel. Cf. the surnames Kilboy, Kilbride, Killmartin, Kilmany, 
 Kilmaster, Killmaster, Killmister. 
 
 KISS. This name may be derived from the last syllable of 
 several names ; as from Hotchkiss, Purkiss; for Hodgkins, Perkins. 
 Ferguson however thinks Case, Chase, Cheese, Choice, and Kiss 
 may be from different forms of verbs signifying to choose, as the 
 O. S. ciasan, citecn, ciosan, A. S. cysan, ceosan, 0. Fries, kiasa, 
 O. N. kiosa; and that this is the probable etymon of Cissa 
 (Chissa), king- of the South Saxons, who, according to the A. S. 
 chronicle, came over to Britain A. D. 477. He says further that 
 in Friesland, where there is a remarkable twofold coincidence 
 between the common names of the people, our own names, and 
 those of our early Saxon invaders, Tsjisse (Chisse) is a name in 
 use at the present day ; and that Cissa may mean " one chosen or 
 elect. 
 
 K ITCH EN. A diminutive of Kit, nickname of Christopher. 
 
 KIT!:. 1 . From A. S. cot, cote, cyte, W. cwt, a cot ; W. cut, a 
 hovel, shed, &c. 2. From Cornish coid, coit, cuit, quit, quite, a 
 wood. 
 
 KNEEBONE. See SMALLBONEL 
 
 KXOBLOCK. See LEGG. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYM1CUS. 53 
 
 KNOCK. From Gael, cnoc, a hillock, knoll, eminence, hill. 
 In H. R. we find a De la Knocke. 
 
 L. 
 
 LACE. Same as Lacy, Lacey, De Laci. A Roger de Laci 
 came over with the Conqueror. The Itineraire de la Normandie 
 mentions a place called Lassi, dep. Calvados (Latinised by Ordericus 
 Vitalis to Laceium), which Lower thinks may have been the 
 cradle of this renowned name. 
 
 LACK. 1. From A. S. leag, a field, place. 2. From Fr. Du 
 Lac, " of the lake." But see LEGG. 
 
 LADYMAN. Same as Laidman, which has been rendered 
 
 1. "A man who has the charge of a horse-load or of a pack- 
 horse." 2. The servant belonging to a miln, who has the charge 
 of driving the loads to the owners, as well as of lifting them up 
 (See Jamieson). Lower suggests also Dan. lade, a barn ; a 
 barn-man, perhaps equivalent to Grainger. It may also some- 
 times be from G. lad-man, for land-man, a lieutenant of a dis- 
 trict ; whence ladscipe, ducatus ; hlaford, dominus, proprie lad- 
 ward, presses provincise, now lord. 
 
 LAKE. 1. From A. S. leag, a ley, field, place (See LEGG). 
 
 2. From Lake, a parish co. Wilts. 3. One living near a Lake. 
 In H. R. the name is found De Lacu, De Lake, De la Lake, Atte 
 Lake. 
 
 LAMBKIN. See LAMP. 
 
 LAMP. Corruption of the name Lamb, Lambe. It may some- 
 times represent Lampray, Lamprey ; or even Lambert. Hence 
 the diminutives Lambkin and Lampkin. 
 
 LAMPREY, LAMPRAY. Not from the fish, but from Lam- 
 pridius, name of a Latin historian of the fourth, and of a Latin 
 poet and scholar of the sixteenth century. 
 
54 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 LANCE. This name has been derived from an 0. G. Lanzo, 
 Lando, Mod. G. Land; from A. S. and O. N. land, id. Lance, 
 Launce, Lancet, Launcelot are more probably from Lawrence. 
 
 LANCET. See LANCE. 
 
 LARK, LARKE. A diminutive of Lawrence. Hence Larken, 
 Larkin, Larking. 
 
 LARKING. See LARK. 
 
 LARKWORTHY. See WORTH. 
 
 LATE, LAIT. Same as Laity ; from Laity, in Leland, Corn- 
 wall ; from Iciit-ty, the milk-house or dairy. Hence, doubtless, 
 Leuty. Laity is however a French name. 
 
 LAVENDER (found Levander). From Fr. lavandier, a washer- 
 man (L. lava, to wash). Hence the 0. Eng. word linnnfir. a 
 washer, and the surname Launder. 
 
 LAW. From A. S. hlaw, a heap, burrow, or small hill. Hence 
 the surnames Low, Lowe, and, among other compounds, Black- 
 law, Carlaw, Cutlove, Dearlove, Freelove, Fullalove, Greenlaw, 
 Manlove, Marklove, Newlove, Onslowe (hounds), Pursglove, Purs- 
 love, Quicklove, Shillinglaw, Spendlove, Spenlove, Sweetlove, 
 Truelove, Truslove, Wardlaw, Whitelaw, Whitlow, Younglove. 
 
 LAWLESS. See LOVELESS. 
 
 LAY. See LEGG. 
 
 LEAF. From A. S. leof, dear, beloved, precious. Ferguson 
 says there was a Leof, assassin of King Edmund, who sadly belied 
 his name; and that Litifa and Liufina are respectively male and 
 female names in the Landnamabok. Hence the name Life. 
 
 LEANING. Compounded of ing a meadow, or ing the patro- 
 nymic. .Lean (Gael. Mac Lean) is a surname. 
 
 LKA!iNAlil>. A mi-nipt ion of Leonard. * 
 
 LEARNED, LAKNEI). Same as Learnard. 
 
 LEAL'V. Corrupted from the Ir. name Laeghaire ; from 
 A//V/V, stp)nu r , stout, or layhar, prong, fork, toe. 
 
 LI, ATI I El I. Same as Lethar, name of a bishop at the time of 
 l-V.r.st.'iiiaim refers the < ). <J. names Leither, Lethar, 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 55 
 
 Mod. G. Leder, to 0. II. G. hid, 0. S. led, hostile; but these 
 names are more probably from G. leiter, leader; or from O. (1. 
 laut-her, distinguished lord or leader. Hence the 0. G. Clothar, 
 and the names Clothier, Luther, and Clotaire. 
 
 LEDGER. Same as St. Leger and Ledegar, name of a war- 
 like king of the Saxons in the Nibelungen Lied, which occurs in 
 some local names in A. S. charters, as Ludegarstun and Lutegares- 
 hale, which latter Kemble thinks may be Ludgershall, in Wilts. 
 
 LEECH. From A. S. Icece, a physician. Leach is also a sur- 
 name, and is the name of a parish co. Chester. 
 
 LEGG. From A. S. leag, legh, leak, lega, a ley, field, place. 
 Hence the surname Lay and the compounds Belovly, Bedlock, 
 Blacklock, Bully, Burley, Cleverly, Comely, Daily, Duly, Early, 
 Fatherly, Freely, Foully, Friendly, Gaily, Golightly, Gravelly, 
 Hoodless (leas), Hopeless (leas). Keylock, Knoblock, Lightly, 
 Likely, Lively, Looseley, Loosley, Lovelock, Loveluck, Lovely, 
 Manly, Marlock, Mealy, Mealey, Motley, Onely, Only, Parsley, 
 Purely, Quickly, Ragless (leas'). Eeckless (leas), Scratchley 
 Shamely, Sharpley, Shiplake, Silverlock, Skinley, Softly, Sorely, 
 Timberlake, Truly, Ugly, Weakley, Wedlake, Wedlock, Weekley, 
 Weekly, Whitlegg, Whitelock (A. S. hwit, white). 
 
 LEGGING. A patronymic of the name Legg. But see 
 WILLING. 
 
 LEMON. 1. Same as the G. name Lehman, said from lelm- 
 mann, a vassal or feudal tenant. 2. From A. S. lah-man, a 
 lawyer (lali-wita, id.) 
 
 LEOPARD. Same as Leppard, Lepard, and the Italian name 
 Leopardi ; from the G. names Leobart, Liebhart, the 0. G. Luib- 
 hart, Leopard, Leopart, of the seventh century ; from Hub-hart, 
 strong in love. 
 
 LETTER, LETTERS. From Letter, an estate in Scotland, 
 near Loch Katrine. Letter is found in other local names ; as 
 Letterkenny, in Ireland, co. Donegal ; Letterkenny, U. S. Penn- 
 sylvania. There is also Letterston co. Pembroke, S. Wales. 
 
56 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 LETTICE. From the female name Letitia (Sp. Leticia) ; from 
 L. Icetitia, joy, gladness. 
 
 LIBERTY. From Liberty, a village co. Fife ; also the name 
 -of upwards of eight localities in the U. S. 
 
 LICENCE. Same as Lysons, in the sixteenth century written 
 Lysans, Leyson, Lison, which Lower thinks may be derived from 
 Lison, dep. Calvados, Normandy. 
 
 LIFE. See LEAF. 
 
 LIGHTFOOT. The name Martin with the Light Foot is said 
 to have been given to one of the followers of the Saxon hero 
 Hereward, on account of his swiftness ; and there is the syno- 
 nymous Dutch name Ligtvoet ; but the modern English name is 
 probably corrupted from the local name Lydford co. Devon. 
 
 LIGHTLY. SeeLEGG. 
 
 LIGHTNING (found in R. G.) Doubtless the same as the 
 U. S. Lightnin. The name is said to be from Leighton co. Salop, 
 also the appellation of parishes in Beds and Hunts. 
 
 LIGHTUP. See HOPE. 
 
 LIGHT WINE. See WINE. 
 
 LIKELY. See LEGG. 
 
 LILY WHITE. From the local name Litelthwaite, *. e. the 
 little thwaite or piece of stubbled ground. Cf. the surnames 
 Applewhite, Applethwaite. 
 
 LI M UKU. 1. From Limber, formerly Lymbergh, name of two 
 parishes co. Lincoln. Hence the names Limebeer and Lumber. 2. 
 From Lambert. Cf. Huber, from Hubert, &c., and the U. S. 
 name Limbert. 
 
 LIMi;i;l-:ER. SeeLiMBEEB. 
 
 LIMEWEAVER. The first part of this name may be a cor- 
 ruption of line or linen. 
 
 LI NCI I, LYNCH. Linch is the name of a parish co. Sussex. ; 
 and linck has the following meanings in England, viz. a hamlet 
 (co. Gloucester); a balk of land (Kent); a small hanging wood 
 "i- thicket (S. Downs) ; a small step, a narrow steep bank, or foot- 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 57 
 
 path (West) ; a small inland cliff, generally one that is wooded 
 (South) ; a le.dge, a rectangular projection. 
 
 LING. From Ling, name of parishes in Somersetshire and 
 Norfolk. 
 
 LINK. Same as Linch, q. v. 
 
 LIQUORICE, LIQUORISH, LICKORISH. From the 
 Neapolitan name Liquori, which may mean a native of Liguria. 
 Ligorio was the name of a painter and architect of Naples. 
 
 LIST. 1. From root of the 0. G. names Lista, Listhar ; perhaps 
 from A. S. list, art, wisdom, science. 2. Connected with Lister, 
 which is probably from the old word litster, lytster, a dyer. The 
 name of the celebrated musician, Liszt, would seem to be from the 
 Hungarian word liszt, flour, but the reason is not obvious. 
 
 LITTLEBOY, LITTLEBOYS. From the French name Lille- 
 bois, from bois, a wood. But see BOYS. 
 
 LIVELY. See LEGG. 
 
 LIVING. See LOVING. 
 
 LOAN. From Loan, a township co. Durham. " A Mr. Loan, 
 of Missouri, is now (1867) an out-and-out radical in the U. S. 
 Congress " (Bowditcli). But see also LONE. 
 
 LOLLARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 LONE. The Lane family are said to have come over with the 
 Conqueror. The original name was De Lone, then De la Lone, 
 finally Lone and Lane. The name may be from Loon (Laudunum) in 
 Picardy ; or from the 0. Fr. loingne, wood, forest (buche, morceau 
 debois); from L. lignum. There is still a family named Lone, 
 and also a Loneon, which may be a diminutive. 
 
 LONGBOTTOM. See BOTTOM. 
 
 LONGDEN=long valley. 
 
 LONGMAID. See MAID. 
 
 LONGMAN. This name may be derived from stature; but 
 Longman is also the name of a village co. Banff. 
 
 LONGMATE. See MAID. 
 
 LONGSTAFF. See WAGSTAFF. 
 
58 LUDUS PATKONYMICUS. 
 
 LONGSWORD. From some local name compounded of 
 worth, q. v. Cf. Longworth, Longworthy, Brownsword, Greens- 
 word. 
 
 LOOSE, LOOS. 1. From Loose, near Staplehurst, Kent. 
 2. Same as Luce, q. v. 
 
 LOOSELY, LOOSELEY. From Loseley, a hamlet and manor 
 near Guildford, Surrey. See LEGG. 
 
 LOSECAMP (U. S. Loskamp). From some local name com- 
 pounded of camp (Fr. champ, L. campus); or from Loscomb, a 
 hamlet co. Dorset. 
 
 LOVE. Same as Le Love of the H. R. and the French name 
 Le Loup, " the wolf." Hence, as a diminutive, Lovekin. 
 
 LOVECOCK. See COCK. 
 
 LOVEKIN. See LOVE. 
 
 LOVELADY. See TOPLADY. 
 
 LOVELESS. This name and Lawless are corrupted from 
 Lovelace. 
 
 LOVELOCK. See LEGG. 
 
 LOVELUCK. See LEGG. 
 
 LOVELY. See LEGG. 
 
 LOVER. From Louviers, anciently Lower, in Normandy. 
 
 LOVING. Compounded of ing, a meadow, or the same as 
 Living, A. S. Le6fing, a patronymic of the name Le6f ; from kdf, 
 dear, beloved. 
 
 LUCE. 1. From Lucius. 2. Perhaps sometimes from the 
 surname Lucy, anciently De Luci; from Luci, a parish of Nor- 
 mandy, arrond. Neufch&tel. 
 
 LUCK, LUCRE, LUCKY. 1. From Luke. 2. From Lucca, 
 in Italy. There is however the G. Gliick. 
 
 LUCKY. See LUCK. 
 
 LUMP. Kit. See LIMBER. 
 
 LUSH. From Lusk, a parish of Ireland, co. Dublin ; or Luss, 
 a parish of Scotland, co. Dumbarton. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMIC US. 59 
 
 M. 
 
 MACE. From Mace, an 0. Fr. corruption of Matthew. See 
 ROQUEFORT. 
 
 MAGGOT. A diminutive of Mag for Margaret. 
 
 MAID. From A. S. made, mcedewe, a meadow. Hence Mead, 
 Mudd, and the compounds Longmaid, Longmate, " long-meadow." 
 
 MAIDMAN. The same as Maidment ; from A. S. meed-man, 
 a hireling (med, wages) ; or, perhaps, rather from meed-man, a 
 meadow man (perhaps a mower). Medeman was an 0. G. name 
 of the ninth century. 
 
 MAKER. From a parish so named near Plymouth. 
 
 MALLARD. 1. From Gael, maol-ard, a high promontory ; 
 also a bare hill. 2. From Mai for Mary. See HAZARD. 
 
 MANGER, i. q. MONGER. From A. S. mancgere, a merchant 
 of the highest class; or the inverse of German. See GARMENT. 
 
 MANGLES. From the 0. G. name Managold ; from man- 
 wait, a powerful man (wait, potens, dominans, imperans, prse- 
 fectus). Cf. Sigivaldus, Dagoaldus, Oswald, Gotwald. 
 
 MANHOOD. From the Hundred of Manhood co. Sussex ; 
 compounded of wood. 
 
 MANLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 MANLY, MANLEY. From an estate in the parish of Frod- 
 sham co. Chester. But see LEGG. 
 
 MANNERS. Camden and others derive this name from the 
 village of Manner, near Lanchester, co. Durham. The name is 
 probably of German origin ; perhaps from Mannhardt (whence 
 Maynard) ; from man-hart, a strong or powerful man, or mund- 
 hart, powerful protector. Mannersdorf is the name of several 
 market towns of Austria. One of these (in Hungary) is also 
 called Menharsdorf, in Hungarian Menyhard. Mannhartsberg is 
 the name of a wooded mountain range of Austria, which termi- 
 nates near the Danube. 
 
60 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 MANSAKD. See HAZARD. 
 
 MANTLE, i. q. MANTELL ; the Domesday Mantel, and the 
 Mauntell of the H. R. Probably from Maun-dell, the dale of 
 the Maun, whence the town of Mansfield derived its name. 
 
 MANYPENNY. See PENNY. 
 
 MARCH. From March co. Cambridge. 
 
 MARKLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 MARKQUICK (found Mar-quicke). Same as Markwick. 
 From locality. See MARRIAGE. 
 
 MARKTHALER. See CASHDOLLAR. 
 
 MARLOCK. See LEGG. 
 
 MARRIAGE. From some place ending- in wich or wick; from 
 A. S. wic, wye, a dwelling-place, habitation, village, street. Cf. 
 Babbage, Burbage, Image, Markquick, Pillage, Pottage, Prestige, 
 Smallage, Spinnage. 
 
 MARTYR. A corruption of Murther, q. v. 
 
 MARVEL, MARVEL L. From Marville, a comm. and town 
 of France, dep. Meuse. 
 
 MASH. A corruption of the name Marsh, which explains it- 
 self. Hence also Maish, Maishman, Mashman, Marshman. 
 
 MATTERFACE. This name has been rendered " modest 
 face ;" from A. S. mathie, modest. It is rather a corruption of 
 the celebrated Norman surname De Martinvast (found written 
 De Martivas) ; from the chfiteau of Martinvast, near Cherbourg ; 
 from G. fest, a fortress. Cf. the surname Standfast ; from uti-in 
 fest, stone fortress. See also Lower, under "Matterface" and 
 " Martinvast." 
 
 MATTOCK. There are the 0. G. Madacho, Mod. G. Madicke 
 and Matticke ; but Mattock, Maddick are probably the same as 
 Maddock, Madock, and the Welsh name Madoc ; from mad, good. 
 
 MAUDLIN. A corruption of Magdalen. 
 
 MAXIM, i. q. MAXUM. Both U. S. names ; from some place 
 called Macksham ; or from Maxen, a village of Saxony ; or St. 
 Maximin, a comra. and town of France, dep. Var. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 61 
 
 MAY. In records, Le Mai ; in H. R. Le May. Lower thinks 
 it may be the same as the 0. Sco. maich, A. S. mceg, 0. Eng. 
 mei, son-in-law, son, or, generally, any relative. May is the name 
 of an islet of Scotland, at the mouth of the Firth of Forth ; 
 and of a rivulet co. Perth ; and of a rivulet of Wales, co. Car- 
 narvon ; and Le May is the appellation of a comm. and village of 
 France, dep. Maine-et-Loire. But May is doubtless generally the 
 same as Mee ; from mee, a provincialism for a meadow ; from A. S. 
 mcede, moedewe. Hence the compound names Mildmay (Mildme), 
 Youngmay (H. R. Yungemay). Ferguson renders Mildmay 
 " mild maiden ;" and Arthur, " a tender judge." A lady informs 
 me she has known the Christian name May to represent three 
 different female names. It is perhaps most usually from Mary. 
 
 MAYCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 MAYDENHEAD. From Maidenhead, Berks ; or from some 
 other local name compounded of head ; perhaps the head of some 
 river. 
 
 MAYPOWDER. From Maypowder, a parish co. Dorset. 
 
 MEAD. See MAID. 
 
 MEALY, MEALEY. See LEGG. 
 
 MEAN. 1. From St. Meen, a comm. and village of France, 
 dep. Ile-et-Villaine ; or Mehun, a comm. and town dep. Cher. 2. 
 From the Irish name Meehan. It may also sometimes be of 
 Cornish origin ; from mean, a stone ; whence Maine, Mayne, Mein ; 
 or, as Lower suggests, from the A. Norm, mesne, which Bailey 
 renders " a lord of a manour who holds of a superior lord." Mean, 
 Meene, Meany, Mehan, Meehan, Meehin, Means, and Meins are 
 found in Bowditch. 
 
 MEANS. See MEAN. 
 
 MEANWELL. From Cornish mean-wheal, the stony wheal 
 or work ; or mean-uhal, the lower stone. Menwhilly was the 
 name of a place in Cornwall. 
 
 MECCA. A local pronunciation of Metcalfe. Lower. 
 
 MEDLAR. Medler occurs as a U. S. name ; and Nich. le 
 
62 LDDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 Medler is found in H. R. There is also an 0. G. Madalhari, and 
 a Mod. G. Madler. Forstemann refers the 0. G. names Madalo 
 and Madelint to the Goth, mathl, an assembly, deliberation ; and 
 Madalhari may be from mathl-her, which would translate "a 
 counsellor ;" but Le Medler seems to refer to some occupation, 
 and may be derived from G. mittler, a mediator ; Dan. midler, 
 Sw. medlare (G. miitlere, mitte, middle). 
 
 MELON. Probably from Melun (Melodunum), a comm. and 
 town of France, on the Seine. St. M61on (Mellonus), first bishop of 
 Rouen, was buried at Pontoise in a church which has been dedi- 
 cated to him. But see MILLION. 
 
 MERRY. The name St. Merry is said to have been softened 
 by the French from the personal name Merdericus. Merri is the 
 appellation of a commune, Arrond. Argentan ; and there is Mery- 
 sur-Seine dep. Aude ; but the name Merry is probably the same 
 as Emery ; from Emerick, Emericus ; from Almaric, Almaricus 
 (whence the It. Amerigo), O. G. Amalrich, Amalric, Amalrih, 
 Amelrich, Amilrich, Amuelrich. Almaricus was a name borne by 
 many illustrious persons, as Amalricus, King of the Visigoths, son 
 of Alaric ; Amalricus, Archbishop of Narbonne ; and Almaricus, 
 Count de Montfort, son of Simon de Montfort, who persecuted 
 the Albigenses. The name seems to be from the Gotho-Teutonic 
 amal-reich, immaculate prince, or, as some render it, sine macula 
 potens. Cf. the ancient name Amalfrid, and the female names 
 Amalfrida, Amaloberga, Amalasventa. 
 
 MERRYMOWTH. From Marmoutier, a town of France, dep. 
 Ras-Rhin ; or from some place at the mouth of a river called the 
 Mer or Mar. 
 
 MERRYWEATHER (found Merywedyr). Halliwell says the 
 word merryweather was formerly an idiomatic phrase for joy, 
 pleasure, or delight. This name is probably from A. S. ?' 
 wedder, a ram; Dau. vender. Cf. the surnames Fuirweather 
 (II. II. Fayrweder), Fearweather, Fineweather, Foulweather, Kiese- 
 weather, Starkweather. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 63 
 
 MIDDLECOAT. See COAT. 
 
 MILDMAY. See MAY. 
 
 MILE, i. q. MIHILL, for Michael. 
 
 MILK. The same as Mellick, the 0. G. Milike, Mod. G. 
 Mielecke, Milcke, Milch, which Ferguson takes to be diminutives 
 from the 0. G. names Milo, Mila, Mello. 
 
 MILKSOP. Same as the U. S. name Milsop. See HOPE. 
 
 MILLION. A name occurring in the sixteenth report of the 
 Registrar-General. Lower thinks it may be a corruption of 
 St. Mellion co. Cornwall. It is probably a diminutive of some 
 other surname. 
 
 MIXXOW. From Fr. menu, slender, small, thin. 
 
 MISSING. From Messing, a parish of Essex ; or Messines 
 (Flem. Meesen), a town of Belgium, W. Flanders. Misson is the 
 name of a parish co. Notts ; and Mison and Missen are surnames. 
 
 MODE. From the root of Maid or Moth. 
 
 MOIST. The same as Moyce, Moyes ; from Moses. 
 
 MOLE, Not from the Surrey tributary to the Thames, nor the 
 small river of the same name in Devonshire, but from the Welsh 
 name Moel, signifying variously bare, bald, a pile, a conical hill. 
 Cf. the Gael, maol, bald, bare, a bald head, a shaved or shorn 
 monk, a servant, also a promontory, a cape. 
 
 MOLTEN. From Molton, name of two parishes co. Devon. 
 
 MONEY. From Gael, monadh, a hill, mountain, moor, an 
 extensive common. Among many other names compounded of 
 monadh are Moneymush or Monymush, a parish of Scotland, co. 
 Aberdeen ; and Money-Gall and Moneymore, two towns of Ire- 
 land ; one in Leinster, the other in Ulster. There is however 
 Monnaie, a town of France, dep. Indre-et-Loire ; and Lower gives 
 Monnay, dep. Orne ; and says, " Hence the De Mony of the H. R. 
 The Le Money of those records is probably plundered from Le 
 Moyne, the Monk." But see MOON. 
 
 MONEYPENNY. See PENNY. 
 
 MONKEY. 1. The same as Manico, Mannakay, Manchee, 
 
64 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 Manchin, the Mod. G. names Mannicke, Mancke, Mannikin, Man- 
 chen, and tlie 0. G. Manniko, Mannikin ; all diminutives of O. G. 
 mund, Goth, manna, A. S. man, mann, mon, D. man, a man. 
 2. From Monikie, a parish of Scotland, co. Forfar. 
 
 MOON. The same with the surname Mohun (found de Moiun), 
 said to be from Myon, found Moon, an ancient barony near St. Lo, 
 in Normandy. According to others, McMahon (whence Mahoney, 
 Mahony, Mahany), Mohan, Mohun, Mohune (by corruption 
 Mooney, Moone, and Moon) are from root of Gammon, q. v. 
 
 MORROW. A corruption of Mac Murrough ; etymologically 
 connected with the name Murray. The Murrays appear to have 
 settled in the twelfth century in the province of Murref, Moray, 
 or Moravia, comprehending the modern counties of Murray or 
 Elgin, and parts of Inverness and Banff. 
 
 MOSS. From Moses. 
 
 MOTE. See MOTH. 
 
 MOTH. The same as Mott, Motte, Mote, Mouth ; from Fr. 
 motte, a hillock. These names must have been originally De la 
 Motte or La Motte, which are not uncommon surnames at the pre- 
 sent day. La Mothe is the appellation of several communes and 
 villages of France, especially in deps. Lot, Dordogne, and Deux- 
 Sevres. 
 
 MOTLEY. From some local name compounded of ley. See 
 LEGG. 
 
 MOUSE. The same as Moyce, Moyes ; corrupted from Moses ; 
 or from the name Maw, Mawe. But see Notes and Queries. 
 
 MOUTH. See MOTH. 
 
 MUDD. See MAIL. 
 
 MUDDLK. From some local name compounded of dal>'. 
 
 MUFF. From Muff, a parish of Ireland, co. Donegal. 
 
 MUFFIN. Corrupted from Mirfin, a surname, and also an 
 ancient personal name ; from W. morfin (mor-ffiri), a sea brink. 
 
 MUG. From Mogg, a nickname for Margaret. 
 
 MULIiKKUY. From Mulfra, vulgo Mulberry, in St. Austel, 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMIC US. 65 
 
 or Mulfra, in Madron, Cornwall ; from moel vre, the bald or bare 
 hill. Indeed the Cornish scholar Pryce makes Mulfra, Mulvera a 
 nom. fam. 
 
 MULE. From G. muhle, a mill. 
 
 MULL. 1. A Lancashire corruption from Molineux, Molyneux. 
 2. From mull, a Scottish word for a cape or headland ; from Gael. 
 maol. 3. For Moll, a nickname for Mary ; also a surname. Mol 
 however was a name of Ethelwold, king of Northumbria, and Mull 
 was the brother of Caedwalha, king of Wessex ; and Kemble 
 says the name must be mule, a half-breed, and suggests that 
 his mother may have been a British princess. 
 
 MULLET, MULLETT. Diminutives of Mull, q. v. 
 
 MUMMERY. From Montmerry, a village of France, dep. 
 Orne. 
 
 MURTHER. Not from the old form of murder, but from 
 Merthyr, name of five parishes in Wales, without reckoning 
 Merthyr - Tydvil ; or from Merthor co. Cornwall ; from W. 
 mertlnjr, a plain, a clear spot. 
 
 MUSSELL, MUSSEL. Diminutives of Mus, nickname of 
 Thomas. 
 
 MUSTARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 MUTTON. The same as Mytton and Mitton ; from Mitton, 
 name of a parish of England, cos. Lancaster and York, and of a 
 cliapelry co. Worcester. The Mytton family formerly wrote their 
 name De Mutton. 
 
 MYCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 MYRTLE. From Murtle, a barony of Scotland, co. Aberdeen. 
 Lower thinks it may also sometimes be a corruption of the French 
 surname Martel. 
 
 N. 
 
 NAP. Nickname for Napoleon. Hence, as a diminutive, 
 Napkin. 
 
66 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 NAPKIN. See NAP. 
 
 NARROWCOAT. Name of two families in Philadelphia. See 
 COAT. 
 
 NEAR. Same as Neer; from Neer, a village in the Nether- 
 lands. 
 
 NECK. Same as Nick. 
 
 NEEDLE. A corruption of Neele, Neale, Neal, from the 
 Norman personal name Nigel ; from Nigellus, a diminutive of L. 
 niger, black. 
 
 NEGUS. From Nicks for Nicholas ; or corrupted from a local 
 ending in " house." According to Malone, the mixture bearing 
 this name was invented in the reign of Queen Anne, by Colonel 
 Negus. 
 
 NE1THERMILL. Same as Nethermill ; from Nethermill 
 (lower mill), name of several places in Scotland. 
 
 NEQUAM. Not from the L. nequam, bad, worthless, good for 
 nothing, nor, as Ferguson suggests, from 0. N. ndquamr, careful, 
 exact, but from some local name (probably Scottish) com- 
 pounded of ham, a habitation. Neckham would easily corrupt to 
 Nequam. 
 
 NEST. Corrupted from Agnes. A James Nest occurs in the 
 Registrar-General's List of Names (Agnes, Nes, Nest). 
 
 NEWBACK. From bach, a brook. See' SMALLBACK. 
 
 NEWBEGIN. Same as Newbiggin, Newbigging, name of 
 places cos. Durham, Northumberland, and Westmoreland. See 
 BIGGIN. 
 
 NEWBONE. A corruption of Newborn. 
 
 NEWBORN. From Newbourn co. Suffolk ; or Newburn, 
 name of places cos. Northumberland and Fife. See SMALLBONE. 
 
 NEWCOMB, NEWCOMBE. From comb, a valley ; or same 
 as Newcome, Newcomen = stranger. Cf. Newman, Gumming. 
 
 NEWLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 NICE. From Nice, in France ; formerly in North Italy. 
 
 NICK. From Nicholas. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 67 
 
 NIGHT. Same as Knight, from A. S. cniht, cneoht, a boy, 
 youth, attendant, servant. 
 
 NIGHTINGALE, Some derive this name from the bird, and 
 there is a French name Le Rossignol. Nightingale Lane, in East 
 Smithfield, London, was, however, formerly Cnihtena Guild Lane, 
 and was so called from the knights' guild. Again, gale, in com- 
 position of local names, is frequently a corruption of hall. 
 
 NOTCUTT. A corruption of Northcote ; from Northcote co. 
 Devon. Cf. Breadcutt (H. R. De Bredecote), perhaps from 
 Bredicot co. Worcester. 
 
 NOTHARD. Same as the German 0. G. names Nothart, Nit- 
 hard, Neidhart ; from 0. G. neid-hart, which may be variously 
 rendered "very honest," "very crafty," "very zealous." See 
 Wachter, under neid and neidhart, where he renders Nithardus 
 homo valde probus, et ad communem utilitatem natus, &c. 
 
 NOTHING. A patronymic of Nott, 0. G. Noto, Notho, Not ; 
 or from some local name, perhaps originally Northing. Nutfield, 
 Nuthall, Nuthurst, Nutley, Netting Hill, Nottington are local 
 names in England. 
 
 NUT, NUTT, NUTTS. The same as Nott, Knot, Knott; 
 from the ancient Scandinavian name Cnut, Knut, Anglicised 
 Canute. Ferguson says Knut derived his name from a wen or 
 tumour on his head. Knott and Nut occur in local names in 
 England. But see NOTHARD. 
 
 NUTBROWN. From some local name ending in bronn=burn, 
 perhaps Nidbronn ; or from Niederbronn, dep. Bas-Rhin. 
 
 O. 
 
 OAKENBOTTOM. A U. S. name. See BOTTOM. 
 OAKLEAF. A U. S. name ; no doubt from Hockliffe, a parish 
 of England, co. Bedford. 
 
 OATS. Ferguson thinks this name to be a pluralism, and he 
 
 F 2 
 
68 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 classes it with Ott, Otte, Otto, and the corresponding German 
 names Otte and Otto. All these names are corrupted from Otto, 
 t. e. Octavio. See D. Gilbert's Cornwall, vol iii., p. 318. 
 
 ODIUM. A U. S. name ; from Odiham (wood-ham), a market 
 town and parish of England, co. Hants. 
 
 OFFER. The same as Offor ; from Offord, name of two 
 parishes co. Hunts. Both Offers and Offerd are found in Domes- 
 day. 
 
 OLDMAN. See ALMOND. 
 
 OMEGA. Doubtless a diminutive of some German nickname. 
 Ferguson says Ohme, Omega, and perhaps Home, are the same as 
 the Low G. ohm, and its diminutive oehmke ; and that corre- 
 sponding with these are 0. G. names Omeko, Omeke, Emico, and 
 Mod. G. Ohm and Ohme. The G. oheim is an uncle. 
 
 ONION. A corruption of Unwyn or Onwhyn ; from unwinn, 
 unconquerable. Lower thinks it is oftener from the Welsh per- 
 sonal name Enion. Onwen is the name of a manumitted serf, 
 Cod. Dip. No. 971 ; and Unwona that of a bishop of Leicester. 
 
 ONLY. A U. S. name, the same as Onley (found both in 
 England and the U. S.) ; from Oneley, a hamlet co. Northampton. 
 Hence also the U. S. name Onely. See also LEGG. 
 
 ON SLOW. From some local name in England, perhaps 
 Iloumlslow or Hounslow, Middlesex; from A. S. hundes-hlaw, 
 the hounds' barrow or hill. Cf. Winslow, the hill of battle 
 ;-hlaw), or the windy tumulus (windes-hlaw). 
 
 ONYX. A U. S. name. Perhaps the same as the English 
 name Hunkes, said to be a diminutive of Humphrey. Cf. the 
 names Hunncx and Honicke, which Ferguson thinks to be diminu- 
 tives from the name Hun, Hunn ; from Mn, a giant; whence Grimm 
 traces the name of the Huns. 
 
 OIIANGE. From Orange, a town of France, dep. Vaucluse, 
 which derived its name from L. Araiisio Cavarum ; from the 
 people called the Cavarii. It wa long the capital of a princi- 
 pality, which gave title to the family now on the throne of 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 69 
 
 Holland. The King of the Netherlands still retains the title of 
 Prince of Orange ; but the town and territory were ceded to 
 Louis XIV. at the peace of Utrecht. 
 
 OTHER. See OTTER. 
 
 OTHERDAY. A U. S. name. See SINGLKDAY. 
 
 OTTER. Same as the well-known Scandivanian name Ottar, 
 which Ferguson renders fear-inspiring. The name is also found 
 written Ohter, Other, Othyr, Ottyr, Oter, and, in Domesday, Otre. 
 "Walter Fitz-Other (says Lower), the celebrated castellan of 
 Windsor, temp. William I., the reputed ancestor of the Fitz- 
 Geralds, Gerards, Windsors, and other great houses, was the son 
 of Otherus, a great landowner under the Confessor. Ingram, in 
 his translation of the Saxon Chronicle, says Otter was originally 
 oht-here or ocJit here, i. e. terror of an army." 
 
 OULDBIEF. A U. S. name ; from Elbeuf or Elboauf, a 
 comm. and town of France, dep. Seine-Inf. 
 
 OUTCRY. Corrupted from Outred, Utred, or Uhtred. See 
 HATRED. 
 
 OVER. From Over, name of several places, especially in cos. 
 Cambridge and Chester. See also VERY. 
 
 P. 
 
 PAGAN. From the Norman personal name Paganus ; a 
 peasant or countryman ; one living in a pagus, i. e. a village or 
 country town. Hence Pain, Paine, Pane, Pen, Paganellus, Pagnel, 
 Paganel, Paynel; Fitz-Payne or Fitz-Pen, by corruption Phippen. 
 
 PAGE. 1. A boy attending on a great person, rather for show, 
 and as an indication of high rank, than for the performance of 
 menial duties (Fr.) 2. The common and almost only name of a 
 shepherd's servant, whether boy or man ; extensively used in 
 
70 LUDUS PATRONYM1CUS. 
 
 Suffolk (See Halliwell). 3. A corruption from Peg, the nickname 
 for Margaret. Page is also an old English word for a village. 
 
 PAIN. See PAGAN. 
 
 PAINTER. The same as Panter ; from the old word panter 
 or pantler ; in a family of distinction an officer who kept the 
 bread [pantler, Shakspeare] ; from panetier, L. panetarius. u In 
 the court of France the panitier was an officer of high consider- 
 ation ; and in monasteries the paniter would seem to have been 
 charged with the distribution of bread to the poor, no doubt in 
 virtue of his office of chief baker." Proceedings Soc. Antiq. Scot, 
 vol. i. p. 14 ; Way's Prompt. Parv., p. 381. Hence, by corrup- 
 tion, the surname Panther. 
 
 PALFREY. From the name Baldfrid, which Junius renders 
 " audax pace," but which signifies rather a " bold protector " 
 (bald-frid). There is an inverse, Fridebald. 
 
 PALSY. A U. S. name ; most probably corrupted from Paul, 
 whence Paw, Pawle, Pause. 
 
 PAMPHLET. Most probably from Pamflete co. Devon ; or 
 from Bemfleet, Benfleet, co. Essex ; from A. S. fleot, an arm of 
 the sea, mouth of a river. The termination fat, however, may 
 sometimes be from A. S.flet, a dwelling, a habitation, a seat, hall ; 
 Su.-Goth. flet, domus. Cf. also the O. G. names Elsflet, Gerflat, 
 Gundiflat, Hruodflat, Ratflat, Rihflat, Sigiflat; the 0. Goth, names 
 Albofleda, Audofleda, Andefleda ; and the A. S. names Aelflaed, 
 Adelfled, Adelfleda, Aethelfleda, Elfleda, and Wynfleda. Mei- 
 dinger thinks fleda, flet, flat, in composition, means reinlich, cleanly, 
 neat ; from the nouujlath ; whence the N. H. G. unftath, schmutz. 
 The Icz.jliod is a maiden (Cf. Turner, ii. pp. 37 and 85). 
 
 PAX. This name, according to Ferguson, corresponds with an 
 O. G. Panno, which Forstemann makes to be the same as Banno. 
 Pan is more probably another form of Pain, Paine. See PAGAN. 
 
 PANE. See PAGAN. 
 
 PANTHER. Bee PAINTER. 
 
 PAR. Not from the fish, but from Pierre. See PEAR. 
 
LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 71 
 
 PARADISE. Perhaps the same as the 0. G. names Paradeus, 
 Paradeo, Peradeo; from 0. H. G. deo, dio, A. S. theowj Goth. 
 thius, a servant. But see SINGLED AY. 
 
 PARAMOUR. The same as Parramore, which has been 
 thought to be the Saxon Barmore, 0. G. Bermar; from mar, 
 illustrious. Parramore is more probably from some English local 
 name compounded of " moor." 
 
 PARDON. A name found in France, England, and the United 
 States, and probably derived from some French local name ending 
 in don ; from Gael, dun, duin, a fort, fortress, town, fortified hill, 
 a hill. It may also be the same with the surname Bardon, from 
 Bardon co. Leicester, or, as Lower says, it may be derived from 
 Parton, a hamlet and township in Cumberland. Parton is also 
 the name of a parish of Scotland, stewartry Kirkcudbright. 
 
 PARROT. See PEAR. 
 
 PARSON. This name has been derived from A. S. bar, a bear ; 
 0. H. G. par, pero. It is the same with Pearson and Person, son 
 of Par, Pear, or Pierre. 
 
 PART. The same as Bard, Barth, and the 0. G. names Bardo, 
 Pardo, Bartho, Part. But see PEAR and PERT. 
 
 PASSENGER. This name is probably of German origin ; from 
 Pass-ingr, son of Pass, which is a surname. 
 
 PATCH. From G. bach, a brook, rivulet, or W. bach, little, 
 small. 
 
 PAUSE. See PALSY. 
 
 PAW. See PALSY. 
 
 PAYMENT. A very common name in Canada. It would 
 easily corrupt from Beaumont ; or even from the name Beeman. 
 
 PEACE. The same as Pace, Pacy, Paice, Peacey ; from Pacy, 
 in France, dep. Eure, or Pace, dep. Ille-et-Vilaine. 
 
 PEAR. From Pierre, the French form of Peter. Hence the 
 surnames Par, Peer, and, as diminutives, Parret, Parratt, Parrot, 
 &c. ; perhaps sometimes, by contraction, Part. Other diminutives 
 and corruptions are Parrell, Barrell ; by corruption Pearl. 
 
72 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 PEARL. See PEAR. 
 
 PEASOOP. See HOPE. 
 
 PEAT (variously Peatt, Peet, Peed, Pead). A nurse-name for 
 Peter. 
 
 PEBBLE, PEBBLES. U. S. names; from Peebles, a royal 
 burgh, town, and port of Scotland, cap. co. on the Tweed ; or from 
 Peebles, a township of the U. S., Pennsylvannia. 
 
 PECKOVER. See CONOVEK. 
 
 PEER. Same as Pear, q. v. 
 
 PEG, PEGG, PEGGE. 1. From Peg, the nickname for 
 Margaret (thus Mag, Meg, Peg). 2. From Dan. pige, a maid, a 
 young girl. Hence doubtless Pigg, and, as diminutives, Pidgin, 
 Piggin, Piggon, Pigeon, Pidgeon. 
 
 PELLET. A diminutive of Pell, the nickname for Peregrine. 
 According to others, Pellet, or rather Pellatt, is a corruption of 
 the baptismal name Hippolyte. 
 
 PEN. See PAGAN. 
 
 PENNY. This name has been classed with Benn, Benney, 
 Binney, 0. G. Benno, Benni, Binne, Mod. G. Behn, Benne, Bihn. 
 It is rather from the W. pen, head, chief, end. Hence the names 
 Fippeny, Fourapenny (found Fourapeni), Godspenny, Hankpenny, 
 Manypenny, Moneypenny, Pennycook, Pennycuick, Pennymaker, 
 Pennyman (anciently Pennaman and Peniman), Pennymore, Smal- 
 penny, Tempany, Tenpenny, Thickpenny, Ticklepenny, Turnpenny, 
 Whirlpenny (in H. R. Whirlepeni), Wilderspin, Wimpenny, 
 AVinpp.iiny (white). See also ALLPENNY, HALFPENNY, HAPENNY, 
 TWOPENNY, CRAVEN, INKPEN, PENNYFATIIER, PENNYFKATHI.R. 
 
 PENNYCOOK, PENNYCUICK. From Penicuick, a parish 
 near Edinburgh. 
 
 PENNYCUICK. See PENNYCOOK and PENNY. 
 
 PENNYFATHER, PENNYFEATII i:i:, PENEFATIIKK. 
 (U. S. Penefather.) These names may be from the W. pen/etter, 
 headstrong, stubborn, obstinate. Hearne however derives the 
 name of a street called Penny-farthing Street from a wealthy 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 73 
 
 family whose name of Penyvadir or Penyfadir he had met with 
 in old registers ; and, if so, these names may be derived from 
 locality ; perhaps from W. pen-y-ffed-tir, the head of the outward 
 land ; or pen-y-mad-dir, the head of the good land. Lower says 
 the forms of the name Pennyfather in H. R. are Penifader and 
 Penifadir. He gives also a Barnfather and a Bairnsfather, which 
 however he derives from a different source. There is the U. S. 
 name Pennymaker. 
 
 PENNYFEATHER. See PENNYFATHER. 
 
 PENNYMAKER. A U. S. name. See PENNY. 
 
 PENNYMAN. See PENNY. 
 
 PENNYMORE. See PENNY. 
 
 PERFECT. From Pierrefitte, name of several communes and 
 villages of France, the principal in dep. Meuse, cap. canton, on the 
 Aire (pierre, a stone). Cf. the surnames Parfett, Parfit, Parfitt, 
 Perfett, Perfitt. 
 
 PERRY. From Pierre. See PEAR. 
 
 PERSON. See PARSON. 
 
 PERT. From Pert co. Forfar ; or Pert, a commune, arrond. 
 Bayeux, Normandy. It may also sometimes be from Perret, a 
 diminutive of Pierre. See PEARL. 
 
 PETTIBONE. See SMALLBONE. 
 
 PETTYCOAT. See COAT. 
 
 PEW. For Pugh, from Ap-Hugh, son of Hugh. See also 
 PIE. 
 
 PHARAOH. As an English surname, not derived from the 
 Egyptian name, but from the 0. G. name Faro ; perhaps from 
 faren to travel, A. S. fara a traveller. Hence Faramund, a 
 celebrated name among the Francic kings, and the English names 
 Farman and Fearman. 
 
 PHEASANT. " In England I have heard of a Miss Partridge, 
 who married a Mr. Pheasant, and her sister married a Mr. Part- 
 ridge. There was some other bird in the family." This name, as 
 well as Fesant, Fazan, Fazon, are probably from Lepheasant, near 
 
74 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 St. Austel; from le-vissan, the lower place; or le-vease, the 
 outward place. 
 
 PHCENIX. Probably corrupted from Fenwick, "the fenny 
 dwelling'," name of places in cos. Northumberland and York. It is 
 quite possible that the name Spinks may be a corruption of 
 Phoenix. 
 
 PHYSICK, found Phisicke. From Lefisick in St. Austel, 
 Cornwall. Mr. Bowditch says " Dr. Physic was the first physician 
 of Philadelphia." 
 
 PICKLE, PICKLES. From Pickhill, a parish co. York, N. 
 R. Pikel and Pikele occur in H. R. 
 
 PICKUP. See HOPE. 
 
 PIDDLE. From North Piddle co. Worcester, or Piddle-Hinton 
 co. Dorset. 
 
 PIE. The same as Py, Pye, Pugh. See PEW. 
 
 PIGEON. See PEG. 
 
 PIGFAT. A corruption of Pickford, also a surname, which 
 Lower thinks may be from Pitchford co. Somerset. 
 
 PIGG. See PEG. 
 
 PILCHARD. A corruption of Pilcher, or=son of Pilch, which 
 is also a surname. 
 
 PILL. Same as Peel. From the Celtic pill, a stronghold, 
 fortress, secure place. Small towers, usually square, of several 
 stories in height, existing in Scotland, chiefly in the counties 
 bordering upon England, are called Piils. There is the Pile of 
 Foudray, a castle in Furness, Lancashire; Peel Castle, Isle of 
 Man ; Pill in Devon ; and a parish called Pylle in Somersetshire. 
 In Herefordshire pill is used for a small creek, and in co. Somerset 
 for a rock. 
 
 PILLOW. See BILLOWS. 
 
 PIMPLE. Bowditch gives this as the name of an English 
 family. It may be the same as Penfold ; or corrupted from some 
 name ending" in bold, in A. S. a house or dwelling. 
 
 PINCHARD. See HAZARD. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 75 
 
 PINCIIBACK. Same as Pinchbeck; from Pinchbeck co. 
 Lincoln. An alloy of copper and zinc resembling gold in its ap- 
 pearance, was first brought into notice by a London trades- 
 man of the name of Pinchbeck, who manufactured watches, 
 buckles, and other articles out of it. But see Charnock's Verba 
 Nominalia. 
 
 PINDAR. The same as Pinder and Le Pinder, and perhaps 
 Pinner and Pyner ; from pinder, one whose duty it is to take 
 possession of all stray cattle, and drive them to the pound until 
 they are claimed. 
 
 PINFOUND. The same as the Cornish name Penfoune, Pen- 
 fowne. Tonkin mentions Penfoune as the name of a place in 
 Poundstock. Hals renders Pen-ion, now Penfowne in Pound- 
 stock, " the head well, spring of water, or fountain ;" but it more 
 probably means " the head of the well." 
 
 PINK. Corrupted from one of the surnames Pinnock, Pen- 
 nack, Penneck, Pennick, Pennock, Pinnick, perhaps from the 
 parish of Pinnock co. Cornwall ; from pen-ick, the head place. 
 
 PISSARD. Same as Pirssard. See HAZARD. 
 
 PISSE. Probably the same as the name Piesse. Lower says 
 of the latter, "The family came into England soon after the 
 revocation of the edict of Nantes, and bore chiefly the Christian 
 names of Louis and Charles. They have a tradition that the 
 name was derived from the order of knighthood created in 1560 
 by Pope Pius IV., and called corruptly Pies or Piesse in Bretagne, 
 from which province the Piesses of England are believed to have 
 come." 
 
 PISTOL. Halliwell renders the word pistol " a swaggering 
 fellow, perhaps from pistolfo, explained by Florio, 'a, roguing 
 begger, a cantler, an upright man that liveth by cosenage.' Hence 
 Shakespeare's character of that name." Pistol may be the same 
 as the ancient name Falstolfe, Fastolf, Fastolfe (whence Falstaff), 
 Alt. D. Fastuff ; from 0. G. fast-ulf, strong in help ; or the last 
 part of the name may be from O. G. alp, alf, elf, which Meidinger 
 
76 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 renders stark, kraftig. Cf. the Alt. D. names Fastrich, Fastwin, 
 and the O. G. name Vastman, which Wachter renders valde Celebris. 
 In Luther, Psal. Ixxxix. 8, we find " Gott is fast moechtig." 
 
 PITCHBOTTOM. See BOTTOM. 
 
 PITCHFORD. From Pitchford, a parish co. Salop. Hence 
 the names Pickford and Pitchfork. Pitchford means the ford of 
 the river Pitch, which is doubtless a corruption of its original 
 name. 
 
 PITCHFORK. A U. S. name. See PITCHFORD. 
 
 PLASTER. No doubt originally Piaster; perhaps one having 
 the charge of a palace (G.palast). 
 
 PLAYFAIR. Jamieson renders play-fere, play-fair, a play- 
 fellow ; from play, and fere, a companion. Playfair is probably 
 from A. S. leag-fager, the fair or white meadow. Cf. the inverse 
 name Fairplay. 
 
 PLOT, PLOTT. 1. From plot, a portion of flat even ground, 
 also a plantation laid out ; from Fr. plat (from Gr. irXarvs, L. 
 latus), whence the French name Du Plat, and the English name 
 Platt. 2. From Pellet, a diminutive of Pell, for Peregrine ; or 
 from Bellot, a diminutive of Bell from Isabel. From Bellot we 
 doubtless have the French name Blot. 
 
 PLUM, PLUMB, PLUMBE, PLUME. From plumpe, plump, 
 in the North of England, a woody place or clump of trees. Plumb 
 is the name of a township of the U. S., North America, Pennsyl- 
 vania ; and there is Plomb, a commune of Normandy ; and La 
 Plume, a commune and town dep. Morbihan. 
 
 I'LUME. See PLUM. 
 
 POIGNARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 POODLE. A corruption of Pool, A. S. pol, put, W. pwll, 
 L. /itilus. Cf. the Corn, pen, which often takes the form uf jmtit. 
 
 POPOFF. Probably a Slavonic name ; from Pop-ow, son of 
 Pop, a nickname. 
 
 PORT. Yromport, a gate, as of a fortified place ; a prefix of 
 numerous local names. Lower says Hugo de Port came into 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 77 
 
 England at the Norman Conquest ; but that this name may be 
 the same as the Ad Portam, or Atte-Gate of mediaeval records. 
 It may also sometimes be corrupted from the name Porret ; from 
 Porret, dep. La Manche, in Normandy. 
 
 PORTWINE. " A singular corruption of Poitevin, a native 
 of Poitou, in France. So early as the time of Edward I. the 
 corruption had proceeded as far as to Potewyne, a lady called 
 Preciosa Potewyne occurring in H. R." Lower. 
 
 POT, POTT, POTTS. See FILLPOT. 
 
 POTIPHAR. Not from the Egyptian name Potiphar ; but the 
 same as Petifer or Petipher (Potiphur, U. S.) ; perhaps from 
 A. S. boda, 0. N. bodi, a messenger ; A. S. fara, 0. N. fari, a 
 traveller ; A. S. fara, 0. N. fara, to fare, travel. " Our Mrs. 
 Potiphur," says Bowditch, " is a nurse, whose bedside deportment 
 has always been exemplary." 
 
 POTTAGE. See MARRIAGE. 
 
 POTTLE. See BOTTLE. 
 
 POWDER. A U. S. name. From Powder Hundred co. 
 Cornwall ; from pou-dar, the county of the oak. 
 
 PRAISE. A name found in the U. S. Same as Price, Pryce, 
 Pryse. 
 
 PRAY. In H. R. De la Preye ; from Fr. pre, a meadow. 
 
 PRECIOUS. A corruption of the surname Priesthouse. 
 There is, says Lower, a dwelling called Priesthawes, originally 
 Priesthouse, near Pevensey, co. Sussex. 
 
 PRESTIGE, i. q. PRESTAGE and PRESTWICK. From 
 Prestwich, a parish in Lancashire. See MARRIAGE. 
 
 PRETTY. Found Praty, Pretie, Prettie, and De Proetis ; from 
 L. pratum, a meadow. The name is also found in Italy and 
 Spain, and in the latter country the family bear for arms "a green 
 meadow, flowered proper." 
 
 PRIAM. A U. S. name ; doubtless the same as our English 
 Prime, and the French De la Pryme. It may also be connected 
 with Brim, Breem, which Ferguson thinks from A. S. breme, 0. E. 
 
78 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 brim, renowned, famous. He gives Brame, corresponding with a 
 Danish name Bram in Saxo, perhaps from Su.-Goth bram, splen- 
 dour, pomp. 
 
 PRICE. A Welsh name, said to be from Ap-Rhys, son of 
 Rhys. Pryce however renders the Cornish name Penrice, the 
 head of the fleeting ground, and Rhys and Rice would seem to be 
 the same name. 
 
 PRIDE. Found without prefix in H. R. It may be the same 
 with Priddy, Pridie, Priddey, Friday ; doubtless from Priddy, a 
 parish co. Somerset. 
 
 PRIGG, PRIGGE. From A. S. burh, burcg, dative byrig, a 
 fort, castle, city, town ; or the same as Brigg ; from Brigg (Gland- 
 ford, Brigg or Bridge) co. Lincoln ; or from the W. Ap-Rigg, son 
 of Rigg, the mediaeval orthography of ridge. If connected with 
 the ancient name Prigari, it may be the same as Frick, Fricke, 
 Freek, Freeke, Freak, Fricker, O. G. Fricco, A. S. Freoc, from 
 A. S./ncca a preacher, Qt.fricker. 
 
 PROUD. Fuller makes this name a corruption of Prude. It 
 is more probably the same as Prout, corrupted from the name 
 Provost, the mayor of a royal burgh, the dean or president of a 
 collegiate church. The Continental names Probst, Proost, Prost 
 would seem to be from the same source. The It. prode is valiant, 
 brave ; the A. S. prud, prut, C. B. pridi, ornatus ; A. S. prate, 
 id.; Su.-Goth. prud, magnificus, ornatus. 
 
 PROUDFIT. Same as Proudfoot, q. v. 
 
 PROUDFOOT. In H. R. Proudfot, Prudfot. From some 
 local name compounded of " ford ;" perhaps from a place called 
 Pridford or Prydford. There is a parish called Priddy in Somer- 
 eet. But see HAZLEFOOT. 
 
 PROUDLOCK. See LEGO. 
 
 PROUDLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 PROUDMAN. Corrupted from Prudhomme (in II. R. Prod- 
 homme, Prodomme, Prodome, &c.) Roquefort renders preudom, 
 preud 'homme, preudome, prodom, prodon, prudhome : " homme, 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 79 
 
 sage et prudent, qui a de l'expe"rience et du savoir, prudens 
 /iomo, et non probus dominus." 
 
 PUDDIFOOT. See HAZLEFOOT. 
 
 PUFF. Same as Pugh. See PEW. 
 
 PULL. A corruption of the name Pool, Poole. See POODLE. 
 
 PULSE, PULS. For Pulls ; from Pull for Pool. 
 
 PUNCH. From Pontius. Hence, doubtless, as a diminutive 
 the name Puncheon, var. Punshon. 
 
 PUNCHARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 PUNCHEON. See PUNCH. 
 
 PURCHASE. From Purkiss, corrupted from Perkins ; from 
 Perkin, a diminutive of Pierre. 
 
 PURELY. See LEGG. 
 
 PURGE. Bowditch gives this as the name of an English 
 family. See BARGE. 
 
 PURSGLOVE, i. q. PURSLOVE, PURSLOW. From Purs- 
 low, a hundred co. Salop. The name is doubtless the same with 
 Parslow, which, if I mistake not, is a local name in Essex. See 
 LAW. 
 
 PUSHING. From some local name compounded of ing, a 
 meadow. Bowditch gives both Pushing- and Pushee ; but the 
 latter is probably corrupted from Pusey. 
 
 PUSSY, PUSSEY. Found in the U. S. The same as Pusey, 
 Puzy ; from Pewsey or Pusey, a parish co. Wilts ; or Pusey, a 
 parish in Berks. 
 
 Q. 
 
 QUARREL, QUARRELS. Quarrell (H. R. Quarel) may be 
 derived from the O. Eng. word quarel, a stone quarry. There is 
 a place called Quarrelton in Scotland, co. Renfrew. Quarrels is 
 perhaps the same name, or it may be from Quarles, which is pro- 
 bably derived from a district in North Greenhoe hundred, co. 
 Norfolk. 
 
80 LUDUS PATRONYMIC US. 
 
 QUARTERMAN. The same as Quartermaine and Quatre- 
 maine, and the H. R. Quatremayns and Quatremeyns. The 
 origin of this name is doubtful. Four hands form the charge of 
 the shield of the French family of Quatremaine, and there are the 
 French surnames Quatrebarbes, Quatremaire, and Quatremere. 
 The original bearer of the name may have dwelt near a sign-post 
 pointing in four different directions (four hands). 
 
 QUEEN. From MacQueen or MacQuin ; Ir. O'Quin, CTQuinn, 
 i. q. O'Cuinn, O'Coin, O'Coyne. These names may come from the 
 Ir. cuinn, genitive of conn, wisdom or sense ; or from con, geni- 
 tive of CM, a hound, figuratively applied to a warrior, whence the 
 name Conn or Con. Hence the names Coyne, Coin, Quin, Quinn, 
 Qiiiney, Quinney. 
 
 QUELL. A corruption of Will, or Quill, q. v. 
 
 QUESTION. McQuestion is found in the U. S., and 
 MacQuiston is a Scotch name. It may be from Wiston, name of 
 a village and parish co. Lanark ; or from the surname Weston, 
 like Quilliams from Williams. 
 
 QUHITELAW. A Scottish corruption of Whitelaw; perhaps 
 from Whitelaw, a hill in Roxburgshire. See WHITLOW. 
 
 QUICK. From the Cornish guik, a village. 
 
 QUICKLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 QUICKLY. See LEGQ. 
 
 QUILL, QUIL. For Will, Wil. * 
 
 QUILT. A name found in the U. S. ; a contraction of Quillet 
 for Willet, Willett, diminutives of Will. See QUILL. Quillr, 
 Quillet, Quilliot, Quillot are found as French names. 
 
 QUINCE. A patronymic of Quin, i. e. Quins. Quin, anciently 
 Quinchy, is a local name in Ireland, and is often found in com- 
 position. There is Quin co. Clare, and Quin in Kildare, and 
 Quince Island co. Cork. But see QUEEN. Lower makes 
 Quince the same with Quincy, in charters Latinised De Ouin 
 De Quinci, De Quency. 
 
LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 81 
 
 R. 
 
 RABBIT. Same as Rabbitt, Rabett, in H. R. Rabut and 
 Rabbod, mentioned as the name of a " Duke of the Frisians " 
 in Rog. Wend ; and Radbod, Redpath, Robert, G. Rat pert, 0. G. 
 Ratperth ; from rat-brecht, distinguished for counsel, or a cele- 
 brated counsellor. 
 
 RAFFLES. From Raffles, the name of a place in the parish of 
 Mouswald co. Dumfries. That parish contains five old border 
 fortresses ; the least dilapidated is that of Raffles. See Gaz. 
 Scot. Raffles Bay is the name of an inlet on the north coast 
 of Coburg peninsula, North Australia, thirteen miles E. Port 
 Essington. A British settlement named Port Raffles, established 
 there in 1827, was abandoned in 1829. See also RULE. 
 
 RAGLESS. See LEGG. 
 
 RAIMENT. From Raymond, like Garment from Garmund. 
 Raymond is from the G. ram-mund, a strong man. 
 
 RAIN. 1. From Rain, a parish co. Essex ; Rain or Rhain, a 
 town of Upper Bavaria ; or Rayne, a parish of Scotland, co. 
 Aberdeen. 2. Perhaps sometimes from Ran, for Randal, Ran- 
 dolph. 
 
 RAINBIRD. A corruption of Rambert, the inverse of 
 Bertram. 
 
 RAINBOW. Same as the French name Rainbeaux, i. q. 
 Raimboux, Ramboux ; i. q. Raimbaut, Raimbault ; from 0. G. 
 hruom-bald, famously bold. Rainbold, Rainbolt are found as 
 surnames in the U. S. But see TURNBULL. 
 
 RAISIN. From Raisen, name of three parishes co. Lincoln, 
 one of which comprises the town of Market Raisen. Hence 
 perhaps the surnames Rising, Reason, and the U. S. name 
 Reasons. But qu. the French names Rais, Raisin, Raison. 
 
 RALLY. A U. S. corruption of the name Raleigh, supposed 
 
 Q 
 
82 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 to be derived from some obsolete local name (perhaps Raleghe) 
 co. Devon. Raleigh is the name of a parish co. Essex. 
 
 RAM. Le Ram is found in H. R. ; but this name may some- 
 times be from 0. H. G. ram, 0. N. ramr, strong, vigorous ; and 
 perhaps sometimes a nickname of Rambert. 
 
 RAMARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 RAMBELOW. The same as Rumbellow, Rumbell, Rumball, 
 Rumble, Rumbol, Rumboll, Rimbault ; from root of Rainbow, 
 q. v. 
 
 RAMSBOTTOM. See BOTTOM. 
 
 RANSOM, RANSOME. From Ranson, son of Ran, t. e. Ran- 
 dolph. 
 
 RAP. Same as Rape. 
 
 RAPE. A corruption of Rolfe. The name Rape or Rolfe 
 occurs. See RULE. 
 
 RASH. Same as the G. Rasch, from rasch, quick (0. G. ras, 
 t. q. rod ; Franc, rosch, celer, velox) ; Dan. rask, id., also nimble, 
 ready, brisk, whence the name Rask. 
 
 RATHER. A U. S. name. The Boston "Traveller," Oct. 
 15, 1860, republishes a letter to Col. Rather of Decatur, Alabama, 
 says Bowditch. This name, like Rothery, may be corrupted from 
 Roderic. Lower gives as a surname Ratherham, which he makes 
 a corruption of Rotherham, from Rotherhara co. York. But see 
 also RUDDER. 
 
 RAW. The name of a township co. Northumberland. But 
 see RULE. 
 
 RAWBONE. A corruption of the surname Rathbone ; from 
 some local name (perhaps originally Rathbourne) in Ireland. 
 
 REACH (re'ak). Perhaps from Gael, raze, a woman, a damsel ; 
 or, if the same name as Riach, then from riabhach, brindled 
 greyish, darkish brown, brownish. 
 
 HEADLESS. See LEGO. 
 
 READY. From the Scottish name MacReddie, whence 
 Macready. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 83 
 
 REAM. From Rheims or Reims, a city of France. 
 
 REASON. See RAISIN. 
 
 RECKLESS. The same as Ragless. See LEGG. 
 
 RECORD. Found written Rickword. The same as Ricord, 
 the name of a distinguished French physician ; from G. Reichardt, 
 Eng. Richard. 
 
 REDCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 REDFOOT. A U. S. name. Corrupted from Radford, the 
 name of places cos. Nottingham, Oxford, and Warwick. See 
 HAZLEFOOT. 
 
 REDMAN, i. q. REDMOND, REDMUND. From O. G. 
 rat-mund, a counsellor. Cf. the 0. G. names Ethelred, Cuthred, 
 Folcrat, Herirat, Lantirat, Marcrat. 
 
 REDMILE. From Redmile or Redmilne (doubtless signifying 
 red-mill), a parish of England, co. Leicester. Cf. the U. S. name 
 Redmill. 
 
 RESTCOME.* An American name; compounded of comb, a 
 valley. See COMB, NEWCOMB, SMALLCOMB. 
 
 REVEL. The same as Rivel ; from Curry- Rivel in Somerset- 
 shire ; or from Revel, formerly Rebel, in Languedoc. Lower says 
 two places in Normandy bear the name of Reville, one near 
 Bernai, the other arrond. Valognes, and that the name Revill 
 (whence he says is Revell) still exists in Normandy. The sur- 
 names Reveil, Reveil, Revel, Revil, Revial, Revelat, Revillet, 
 Revilliot, Revelin, Revillon, Reveliere are found in the French 
 Directory. 
 
 RIBBONS. Corrupted from Reubens. 
 
 RICE. The same as the Welsh name Rees. See PRICE. 
 
 RICH. Sometimes from Richard. 
 
 RICHBELL. This name was no doubt originally Richbold, 
 compounded of bold, an abode, dwelling. See BOTTLE. 
 
 RICHES. From Richard. 
 
 RICKETS, RICKETTS. A corruption of Rickards, Ricards ; 
 from Richards. 
 
 G 2 
 
84 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 RICKS. From Richard. 
 
 RIDDLE. The same as Riddell, found Rydale, De Rydale, 
 and De Ridale ; from Riddell or Ryedale, in the parish of Lillies- 
 leaf co. Roxburgh. Sir Walter Scott refers to several curious 
 documents which warrant most conclusively the epithet of 
 " Ancient Riddell." See Stat. Ac. of Scotland, vol. iii. p. 27, note. 
 
 RIDE. From Ryde, formerly Ride, Isle of Wight. 
 
 RIDEOUT. It has been suggested that this name may be from 
 redoubt, a military fortification (Fr. reduit, It. riddoto, Sp. reduto), 
 and the names Redout, Ridoubt are found in America; and 
 Ridout, Ridoutt are no doubt the same name. In H. R. it is 
 Ridhut, which may mean red hut or dwelling ; the first syllable 
 may also be from W. rhyd, a ford. Again, Redhead would easily 
 corrupt to Redout and Rideout. 
 
 RIDING, RIDINGS. From some local name compounded of 
 ing, a meadow ; or same as Ridding, from Ridding, a hamlet co. 
 Derby. I 
 
 RIGHT. Same as Wright, an artificer in wood, in com- 
 position = workman. 
 
 RIGHTLY. Compounded of ley. See LEGG. 
 
 RING. Ring, Ringe, Ringa, as ancient names, are from the 
 Su.-Goth. ring, an eminent man (vir praistans, eximius), connected 
 with the C. B. rlien, satrapa; A. S. rinc, a soldier, warrior, a 
 valiant, noble, or honourable man ; Sco. rink, rync, a strong man ; 
 0. G. recke, reche, rink, a hero, giant ; H. G. hringa, a prince, 
 governor, which Hire seems to think are from reke, recke, 
 heros, athleta, probably connected with the Su.-Goth. rciks, a 
 prince. There were kings of Scandinavia named Sigivid Ring 
 and Hakan Ring, and, says Ihre, Ring is the name of many 
 places in Scandinavia which were formerly the seats of heroes. 
 The Mod. Dan. ringe, Sco. ringa, is small, little, slight, humble, 
 low. Ring may also sometimes be from ring, a circle. Cf. the 
 Italian name Aniello, whence Masanii'll", from Thomaso Anicllo. 
 Ring is the name of a place near Dungarvan in Ireland. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 85 
 
 RINGER. Perhaps from 0. G. ringer, a wrestler ; from ringen, 
 to fight, contend with. Cf. Brider ; from Dan. bryder, a wrestler, 
 combatant. 
 
 RINGGOLD. A U. S. name; from Ringwold, a parish of 
 England, co. Kent ; or Ringwood, a market town and parish co. 
 Southampton. 
 
 RISING. The 0. H. G. risi, riso, Mod. H. G. riese, 0. N. risi, 
 Dan. rise, Sw. rese, is a giant, and ing, son or descendant ; but 
 this name is most probably the same as Raisin, q.v. "One B. 
 Rising, who had for several years before held a commission in 
 her Majesty's army, was in January, 1867, elevated to the curacy 
 of Newport. Reising is a U. S. name." 
 
 ROACH. From Fr. roche, a rock. 
 
 ROB, ROBB. See ROBIN. 
 
 ROBE. See ROBIN. 
 
 ROBIN. A diminutive of Rob, from Robert. Hence Rob, 
 Robb, Robe, Rope. 
 
 ROLL. See RULE. 
 
 ROLLS. See RULE. 
 
 ROOF. See RULE. 
 
 ROPE. See ROBIN and RUBY. 
 
 ROSE. See RUSE. 
 
 ROSEBOTTOM. See BOTTOM. 
 
 ROSEWHARM. A name found in Bowditch. A corruption 
 of the Cornish name Roswarne ; from Roswarne, an estate in the 
 parish of Camborne. 
 
 ROTTEN. From Rodden, a parish co. Somerset. Rotten, 
 Rotton, Rodden, Roddam, Roden are found as U. S. names. 
 
 ROUGH. See RULE. 
 
 ROUGHEAD. Same as the French name Ruffet. But see 
 RULE. 
 
 ROWBOTTOM. See BOTTOM. 
 
 RUBY. Same as Roby, Robie, Robe, Robb, Rubb, Rope, 
 Roop, from Robert. 
 
86 LUDUS PATBONYMICUS. 
 
 RUDDER. The same as the German names Roadhar, Ruder 
 (whence Riidersdorf ), Roder ; from 0. G. rat-herr, noble coun- 
 sellor ; or rat-her, eminent in council, or simply a counsellor. 
 
 RUE. From the French name De la Rue, i. e. from the street. 
 
 RUFF, RUF. See RULE. 
 
 RUFFLE, RUFFELL. See RULE. 
 
 RULE. Nisbet derives this name from St. Regulus, who 
 brought the relics of St. Andrew to Scotland. It is more probably 
 the same witli the A. N. Raoul, in H. R. Ruel ; corrupted from 
 Randolph or Radolph. Hence Ralph, Rolph, Rape, Rough, Ruff, 
 Roof, Raw, Roll, Rolls, and, as a diminutive, Ruffle. Ruet, Ruf, 
 Ruffe, Ruffel, Ruffet, Ruffey, Ruffin are found as French names. 
 
 RUM. Forstemann derives this name from 0. G. hruom, fame. 
 Ferguson thinks it may be from O. N. rumr, a giant, one who 
 might truly be called "a rum customer." But see RAM and 
 WORMS. 
 
 RUMAGE. See MARRIAGE. 
 
 RUMBALL. See RAMBELOW. 
 
 RUMBELL. See RAMBELOW. 
 
 RUMBELLOW. See RAMBELOW. 
 
 RUMBLE. See RAMBELOW. 
 
 RUMMER. The same as the 0. G. names Ruraheri, Rhumhar ; 
 from hruom-herr, distinguished lord. It may also sometimes be 
 the same as Rimmer, Rimer, or Rhymer. Rummer, Rimmer, 
 Rymer, Rymers are found as U. S. names. 
 
 RUSE. Same as Rouse and Roux = red ; or same as Rose, 
 from Cornish rose, ro, a valley. 
 
 RUSIIOUT. The name of a British M. P. (1857). James 
 Rushout was created a baronet at the Restoration of Charles II. 
 An ancestor of the Rushouts was Thibaut Rushaut, a noble English 
 knight. The name may be derived from some Dutcli or Flemish 
 local name ending in 7tou, signifying wood, timber. Cf. the Flemish 
 Turnhout and the English local names Bagshot, Oakshot, com- 
 pounded of holt, a wood or grove. Rushout or Rushaut may 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 87 
 
 also be a corruption of the French name Rousset, Roussell, 
 Russell, diminutives of Roux. 
 
 RUST. A corruption of the French name Rousset. (See 
 RUSHOUT). Rust or Rusth is the appellation of a town of West 
 Hungary. 
 
 S. 
 
 SACK, SACKS, SACHS. From Isaac, Isaacs. Cf. the names 
 Sacchi, Sacchini, Sacchetti. But see SEX. 
 
 SALE, SALES. This name is found written De la Sale, De 
 Salle, De Aula, De la Saule, De Halle, Saul, and Halle, and is 
 derived from A. S. sel, sele, a hall, Fr. salle. 
 
 SALL. A U. S. name. Perhaps sometimes from Sail, a parish 
 co. Norfolk ; and at other times from Fr. salle, a hall. See SALE. 
 
 SALMON. 1. From Solomon. 2. From Saleman. "The manor 
 of Salmons in Caterham co. Surrey is known to have belonged, 
 temp. Edward III., to Roger Saleman " (Brayley's Surrey, iv. 189). 
 The name Saleman might signify both a saleman and an attendant 
 or keeper of a hall. 
 
 SALT. From the village of Salt co. Stafford. In 1166 the 
 name is written Selte. In the reign of Henry III. Jvo de Saut 
 held one knight's fee in Saut, of the Barony of Stafford. Subse- 
 quently, Hugh de Salt held Salt of Philip de Chetwynd. From 
 this tenure, and from resemblance of the arms, it is probable that 
 Salt was a cadet of Chetwynd. In the Visitations of Staffordshire 
 there are pedigrees of this family, from whom descend Thomas 
 Salt, Esq., jun., M. P. for Stafford, and William Salt, Esq., F.S.A. 
 (See Lower.) The name may also sometimes be the same as 
 Salt or Sault, from the Barony of Salt co. Kildare, so named from 
 the district called De Saltu Salmonis, " the salmon's leap." 
 
 SAMPLE. From St. Paul, St. Pol. Cf. the name Sampol. 
 
 SAND, SANDS. The vocable sand is found in composition of 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 many localities, but the surnames Sand, Sands may mean a mes- 
 senger, one sent ; from G. senden, Goth, sandjan, A. S. sendon. 
 Franc, et Alara. senten, to send ; G. sende, missio, dimissio. Hence, 
 doubtless, Sandeman, Sandman, Sentman, and the U. S. name 
 Sendfirst, which may mean a princely messenger, or ambassador. 
 Cf. the German compounds chur-furst, elector ; vier-furst, te- 
 trarcha. 
 
 SANDELL. Perhaps the same as Sandall ; from Sandall, 
 name of a parish (Kirk), and of a township (Long), co. York, 
 "West Riding. 
 
 SANDMAN. See SAND. 
 
 SAtfDY. This name has no connection with the Sandi of 
 the Yorkshire Domesday, which has been derived from sand, a 
 messenger. It is the same as Sandie, corrupted from Alexander. 
 It may sometimes be from Sandy (with Gritford), a parish co. 
 Beds. 
 
 SATTENSHALL. Bowditch says that a person of this name 
 arrived in Boston in an English steamer in September, 1857. 
 The last part of the name is derived from hall. 
 
 SAUL, SAULL. Perhaps sometimes from Saul, a parish co. 
 Gloucester, or Saul co. Down, Ulster, Ireland. But see SALE. 
 
 SAVEALL, SHAVEALL. Corrupted from Saville. 
 
 SAW. From Saul, like Raw from Raoul or Ralph. Cf. Saw, 
 Sawkins, with Raw, Rawkins. 
 
 SAYWELL. A corruption of Saville, Savile, Savil. 
 
 SCAFFOLD. A name found in Lower's Appendix. It pro- 
 bably means sheep-fold (A. S. sceaf, G. schaf, a sheep). 
 
 SCAMP. From a French or Belgian local name ending in 
 camp (L. campus). Scampton is the name of a parish co. Lincoln. 
 See also LOSECAMI*. 
 
 SCANDAL. From some local name compounded of dale. 
 
 SCAREDEVIL. A name found in the U. S. Corrupted from 
 the name Scardeville, which Lower thinks may be from Ecarden- 
 ville (perhaps originally Escardenville), dep. Ewe, Normandy. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 89 
 
 SCATTERGOOD. (II. R. Schatregod.) From some local 
 name ending in " wood." 
 
 SCHOOLCRAFT. A U. S. name. From croft, a little close. 
 See CRAFT. 
 
 SCOLDING. Formed like Winning, q. v. 
 
 SCORE. From A. S. score, a shoer. 
 
 SCUFFLE. From some local name compounded of %, a 
 meadow. 
 
 SCURRY. The same as Scurrah and Scurr ; probably from the 
 Ir. name 'Scurry, or O'Sgurra, one of the chiefs given by 
 O'Dugan on the six Sodhans. The Sodhan is a large territory 
 in the barony of Tiaquin, which was made into six divisions, 
 called the six Sodhans. The name Sgurra may be from the Ir. 
 scor, a champion, or sgeir, a rock in the sea, a cliff, shelf ; or 
 sgeireach, rocky. 
 
 SEABORN. From some local name compounded of bourn. 
 (See SMALLBONE.) There is however a Seyburn, and Ferguson 
 thinks these names may be from the Scandinavian name Scebiorn 
 (sea-bear). 
 
 SEABRIGHT. Same as Sebright, corrupted from Sibert, 
 Siebert, Sigibert, from 0. G. sig-brecht, distinguished in victory. 
 See SIP 
 
 SEACOCK. See COCK. This name may some day corrupt 
 into Seacook. 
 
 SEAFART. A U. S. name. The same as Seffert, Seyffert, 
 Seyfried, corresponding with the G. Seyffart, Siefert, Seefried, 
 from Siegfred, or Sigefred, name of an A. S. bishop of Chichester, 
 which Ferguson renders " peace of victory ;" but, with more rea- 
 son, from G. sig-frith, victorious protector. 
 
 SEAGOOD. From some local name compounded of wood. 
 
 SEAL, SEALE. From Seal, name of parishes cos. Kent, 
 Leicester, Surrey, and Sussex ; from A. S. sel, a seat, hall, manor- 
 house, mansion. 
 
 SEAQUILL. From some local name compounded of mile. It 
 
90 LUDUS PATBONYMICUS. 
 
 may have been Segville or Sigville. "We have several local names 
 compounded of seg> sig, from sig, sige, victory. 
 
 SEARCH. Same as the U. S. names Serch and Sarch ; per- 
 haps corrupted from the name Sergius. Cf. Searchfield, the last 
 syllable of which is ville. 
 
 SEAS. From Seez, a comm. and town of France, dep. Orne. 
 
 SEASONGOOD. Formed like Seagood, q. v. 
 
 SEE. Same as Sea ; from residence near the sea. " Atte 
 Sea, as a family name, is very common in medieval records " 
 (Lower). 
 
 SEGAR. From A. S. sigra, 0. N. sigarr, a conqueror ; O. N. 
 sigr, A. S. sige, 0. G. sieg, Franc, et Alam. sigo, victory, 
 Hence the surname Sugar. Cf. Sigo, Sigi, Sager, Siggoer, Siggeir, 
 Sigar, Seager, Seeger, Seaker, Seeker, Saggers, Siggers, and the 
 compounds Sigiwin, Sigismund, Sigmund, Sigofrid, &c. 
 
 SELF, SELFE. "The name Sewlf (sea-wolf) occurs in a 
 charter of Canute, and it is probably the same as the Saulf in the 
 Domesday of Derbyshire, where it is in the Scandinavian form. 
 Hence maybe our Salve, Self, Selves." Ferguson. 
 
 SEND. From Send (with Ripley), a parish co. Surrey; or 
 Send, a chapelry co. Wilts. It may also sometimes be another 
 orthography of Sand, q. v. 
 
 SENDALL. A U. S. name. Perhaps the same as Sandell, q. v. 
 
 SENDFIRST. A U. S. name. See SAND. 
 
 SENTANCE. From some local name, perhaps St. Anne's. 
 St. Anne is the name of a mountain of France, dep. Orne ; of a 
 maritime village, Guadeloupe ; of another village in Martinique ; 
 of some parishes in the West Indies ; and of one in the island of 
 Alderney ; of a river of Lower Canada, and of a lake in British 
 North America. 
 
 SEQUIN. Not from the coin, but the same as Segwin, Siggins, 
 from sig-wiUj victorious warrior. 
 
 SERMON, SURMAN, SURMON. Found as U. S. names. 
 Perhaps from Saargemund (Fr. Sarreguemines), a commune and 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 91 
 
 town of France, dep. Moselle. These names would also corrupt 
 from the ancient names Sigmund, Sigmundr. See SEGAR. 
 
 SESSIONS. The same as Sissons and Sisson ; from Soissons, 
 a town of France, dep. Aisne. Lower however derives Sisson, 
 Sissons from Siston, a parish co. Gloucester. Sizun is the name 
 of a town of France, dep. Finistere. 
 
 SETON. From Seaton or Seton co. Haddington ; and perhaps 
 sometimes from Seaton, name of parishes cos. Cumberland, Devon, 
 Durham, Northumberland, Rutland, York, &c. Seaton is also a 
 surname. 
 
 SETTLE. From Settle, a market town and chapelry co. 
 York, West Riding. 
 
 SEX. From A. S. Seaxa, a Saxon. Cf. the names Six, Sax. 
 
 SHADDOCK. See SHADE. 
 
 SHADE. (There is a German Schade.) The same as Chad or 
 Ceadda ; whence probably, as diminutives, Shaddock and Shat- 
 tock. Hath, had, chad signifies war. 
 
 SHAKSPEARE. Variously Shakespeare, Shakespear, Shake- 
 spere, Shakespeyre, Shakyspere, Schakespeire, Schakspere, 
 Shaxper, and Chacksper. "Concerning its etymology," says 
 Lower, "there can be no doubt. ' The custome, first TraAAfii/, to 
 vibrate the speare before they used it, to try the strength of it, 
 was so constantly kept, that yxf(T7ra\os, a Shake-speare, came at 
 length to be an ordinary word, both in Homer and other poets, to 
 signifie a soldier' (Francis Rous, Archseologia Attica, 1637). 
 The Bard's contemporaries evidently understood the name in that 
 sense. . . . Our family nomenclature presents us with several 
 analogies, as Breaks^?eare, Winspear, ShaJce&h&ft, $/*aMaunce, 
 Hackstaff, Briselance, and Bruselance, Wagstaffe, Bickerstaffe, 
 Hurlbat, Draweswerde (Drawsword), Cutlemace (' cut the club or 
 mace'), Hackblock," &c. I have elsewhere (cf. Notes and Queries, 
 vols. ix. and x.) stated that Shakespere might be a corruption of 
 Sigisbert, which would translate "renowned for victory" (sige, 
 victory) ; in answer to which Mr. Ferguson seemed to think that 
 
92 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 the name might be from Sicisper, Sigispero, or Sigiper, which he 
 would translate " victorious bear " (perhaps rather " victorious 
 man"). My suggestion would seem probable from the fact that 
 the name Shakeshaft might be from sigishaft, sighaft, used by 
 the Franks for " victorious ;" or from sigls-haved, " head of vic- 
 tory," " victorious leader." I am however disposed to think that 
 the latter name is merely a corruption of Shakestaff ; and, as I 
 have shown elsewhere, most names compounded of staff are 
 derived from A. S. sted, a place. On further consideration, 
 I am inclined to doubt my former derivation of the name Shake- 
 speare, although it would easily corrupt from Sig-isbert, by con- 
 traction of the first vocable, and by dropping of the final t. 
 I agree with another correspondent of Notes and Queries in 
 tracing the name to Jaques Pierre. In French, Italian, and 
 German, surnames are frequently made up of two names. Cf. 
 the French 'names Jeangirard, Jeangrand, Jeanguemin, Jean- 
 jacquet, Jeanjean, Jeanmaire; Pierrehumbert ; the Italian Gian- 
 pietri, Zampieri ; and the German Meyerbeer, whose brother was 
 Michael Beer. The nearest names to Jacques Pierre that I have 
 been able to find are, James Peters, Jacques Henri Bernardin 
 de Saint Pierre, and Petrus Jacobus. 
 
 SHALL Y. Same as Shalley and Shanley, i. q. Shelley ; from 
 Shenley, name of a parish cos. Suffolk and Essex, and of a town- 
 ship co. York, W. R. See SKINLEY. 
 
 SHAMELY. A U. S. name. See LEGO. 
 
 SIIARPLESS. From Sharpies, a township co. Lancaster. See 
 LEGO. 
 
 SHARPLEY. See LEGO. 
 
 SHATTER. From Chartres, a town of France, dep. Eure-et- 
 Loir ; or La Chatre, dep. Indre. One Selina Chatters occurs in 
 the Registrar- General's List; although this may be the same as 
 Chatteris, from Chatteris co. Ely. See also CIIAUTKK. 
 
 SHAVE. Mac Chave is a Gaelic surname. But see CALF and 
 SHOVE. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 93 
 
 SHAVEALL. See SAVEALL. 
 
 SHEAF. The same as Shelf. Ferguson derives Sheaf from 
 Scef or Sceaf, according to the A. S. table of Woden's ancestry, 
 the father of Scyld. He says Scef or Sceaf signifies " sheaf," and 
 gives an anecdote in connection therewith. 
 
 SHEARGOLD, SHERGOLD. The same as Sherwood (by 
 interchange of g and w) ; from Sherwood, a celebrated forest co. 
 Nottingham, scene of the adventures of Robin Hood and his 
 companions. Cf. the U. S. name Purgold. 
 
 SHEATH. See SHEET. 
 
 SHEEPSHANKS. According to some, this name may refer 
 to badly-formed legs, and we certainly have the name Cruick- 
 shank, Cruikshanks, Crukshanks. Among other curious narrow- 
 lanes at Canterbury, however, was one called the Sheep Shank, 
 which probably had its name from some tavern sign, signifying 
 the Ship or Sheep Tavern ; from G. schenke, a drinking-house, 
 ale-house. Cf. the surnames Schenck, Schenk, signifying a pub- 
 lican, vintner. 
 
 SHEET, SHEETS. U. S. names. We also find Shead, 
 Sheard, Sheat, Sheath, and Sheed. Some derive the name Shead 
 from a Gaelic word signifying a field, but there is no such word 
 in that language. It might, however, be from scadh, strong. 
 Sheat is a provincial (S.) word for a young hog ; the A. S. sceard, 
 Eng. sheard, is a fragment; but these names, especially Sheat 
 and Sheath, may translate a maker of sheaths or scabbards 
 (Sheather is an English surname), from A. S. sceath, sccethe, a 
 sheath. 
 
 SHELF. From Shelf, a township co. York, West Riding. 
 The name Shelf has also been derived from the hero Scelf or 
 Scylf, presumed founder of the Scylfingas, a Scandinavian tribe. 
 
 SHELL. From Shell, a hamlet in the parish of Himbledon, 
 co. Worcester. 
 
 SHERRY. 1. For Sheridan, i. e. Jeridan ; from Jerry, i. e. 
 Jeremiah. 2. Perhaps sometimes from Sheriff. 
 
94 LTJDU8 PATRON YMICUS. 
 
 SHEW. From Chew Magna (Bishop-Chew), a parish co. 
 Somerset. Cf. Chew. 
 
 SHEWCRAFT. See SHOECRAFT. 
 
 SHILLINGLAW. See LAW. 
 
 SHIN, SHINN. Same as Chin, q. v. 
 
 SHIP, SHIPP. The same as Skipp, Skyp. These names 
 may mean a sailor, from A. S. self, a ship, boat, whence sciper, 
 and the surname Skipper. Ship, Shippe, Shippie, Shep, Skippon 
 are found as U. S. names. 
 
 SHIPLAKE. See LEGG. 
 
 SHIPTON. See SHIPWASH. 
 
 SHIPWASH. A corruption of sheepwash, the place where 
 sheep are cleansed before shearing. Cf. the names Shipton and 
 Shipway. 
 
 SHIPWAY. See SHIPWASH. 
 
 SHIRT. Same as Shurt. Corrupted from Sherard, Sherrard. 
 Mr. Bowditch, in his humorous work on Suffolk (American) sur- 
 names, says Abraham Shurt, of Pemaquid (near Bristol, Me.), 
 took an acknowledgment of an Indian deed in 1826, twenty years 
 before any enactment on that subject ; and he dedicates his work 
 " To the Memory of A. Shurt, the Father of American Convey- 
 ancing, whose Name is associated alike with my Daily Toilet, and 
 my Daily Occupation." 
 
 SHIRTCLIFF. Same as Shirtliff and Shurtleff, both found in the 
 U. S. Derived from some local name, most probably Shortcliff. 
 
 SHOE, i. q. Chew and Shew, q. v. 
 
 SHOEBOTTOM. See BOTTOM. 
 
 SHOECRAFT. A name found at Buffalo, U. S. There is also 
 a U. S. Shewcraft. These names are compounded of croft, a small 
 field adjoining a dwellinghouse. 
 
 SHOOTER. The same as Shuter, Sutor, Suter, Sutler, Soutar, 
 Souter, Soutter, Sowter ; from 0. Eng. souter, a cobbler, shoe- 
 maker, from A. S. sutere, L. sutor. Hence doubtless the U. S. 
 name Shunter. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 95 
 
 SHOTBOLT. From A. S. bolt, a dwelling. See BOTTLE. 
 
 SHOUT. The same as Shute ; from Shute, a parish co. Devon. 
 Shout, Shut, Shutt, Shute, Shuts are found in Bowditch. Cf. 
 Chute, from Chute in Wilts. 
 
 SHOUTER. See SHOOTER. 
 
 SHOVE. A corruption of the French name Chauve. See 
 CALF and SHAVE. 
 
 SHOVEL. From Showell, a chapelry in the parish of Swer- 
 ford, co. Oxford ; or from the surname Scovell (in H. R. De 
 Scoville, De Scovile) ; from Escoville, now Ecoville, arrond. 
 Caen, Normandy. Sir Cloudesley Shovel was the name of a gal- 
 lant British admiral, born near Clay, in Norfolk, about 1650. 
 
 SHOW. A name occurring in the Registrar-General's List. 
 There is also a U. S. Showe. The same as Chew, Shew, Shoe, 
 q. v. 
 
 SHUFFLE, SHUFFELL. 1. From Sheffield co. York. 2. 
 The same as Suffield ; from Suffield (south field), name of a parish 
 of England, co. Norfolk, and of two townships of the U. S., the 
 one Connecticut, the other Ohio. 3. Same as the U. S. names 
 Shufelt, Shufeldt, compounded of G. feld, a field. See also 
 BOTTOM. 
 
 SHUFFLEBOTTOM. See BOTTOM. 
 
 SHUFFLER. The same as Shoveller, a probable corruption 
 of Chevalier (H. R. Le Chevaler), a knight or horseman (Fr.). 
 
 SHUN. Same as Shin, q. v. 
 
 SHUT, SHUTT. Same as Shout, q. v. 
 
 SICILY. An Edinburgh surname. A corruption of the female 
 Christian name Cicely or Coecilia. 
 
 SICKMAN. From root of Sugarman, q. v. 
 
 SIDE. According to Lower, side implies the side of a hill, 
 stream, &c. Ferguson renders it a " possession " or " location ;" 
 and if so it would seem to be from A. S. scet, a sitting, station, 
 &c. We have many names compounded of side, as Silverside, 
 Silversides, Whiteside, Handyside, &c. 
 
96 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 SIDEBOTHER. See SIDE. 
 
 SIDEBOTTOM. See BOTTOM. 
 
 SILENCE. From Saillans or Seillans, a comm. and market 
 town of France, dep. Drome. 
 
 SILK. From Silk-Willoughby, a parish co. Lincoln. 
 
 SILL. A nickname of Silas or Silvester. 
 
 SILLY, SILLEY. Properly Ceely. D. Gilbert says John 
 Silly, gent., of St. Wenn, Cornwall, altered his name from Ceely 
 to Silly, which Lower considers " a truly silly deed, especially for 
 a lawyer, to have executed." 
 
 SILVERLOCK. See LEGG. 
 
 SILVERSIDE, SILVERSIDES. See SIDE. 
 
 SILVERSTONE. From Silverston, a parish co. Northampton. 
 But see SMALSTONE. 
 
 SIMMER. 1. Same as Seamer, Seymour ; from A. S. seamere, 
 a tailor. 2. From Seamer, name of two parishes co. York ; or 
 Semer co. Suffolk, on the Bret. Some derive the name Seymour 
 from Roger .de Sancto Mauro ; and Ferguson says Seamer, Sey- 
 mour correspond with the G. Siemer, Simmer, from Sigimar. But 
 see SKIMMER. 
 
 SIMPER. From St. Pierre, i. e. St. Peter. St. Pierre is the 
 name of a parish co. Monmouth. 
 
 SIMPLE. From Simplicius. Manage, in his Receuil de Noms 
 de Saints, gives a St. Simples, corrupted from St. Simplicius. 
 Simple may also sometimes be the same as Semple and Sample, 
 from St. Paul. See SAMPLE. 
 
 SINFOOT. Compound of ford. See HAZLEFOOT. 
 
 SING. Found Singer, alias Synge (a singer in a church) ; 
 from A. S. singan, to sing. Cf. the names Sang, Sangar, Sangster. 
 The Indian name Sing, Singh is derived from the Sanscrit sink, 
 x! i,l,,i. a lion. 
 
 SINGLEDAY. Persons named Monday, Munday, Thursday, 
 Friday, Saturday, Sunday, G. Soutag, may have been so named 
 from having been born on those days ; but whence such names 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 97 
 
 as Doubleday, Otherday, Purday, Singleday, Twiceaday is 
 doubtful. Meidinger, under tag, tac, splendour, glory, renown, 
 fame (glanz, ruhm), gives the Alt D. names Alptac, Helmtac, 
 Richdag, Tagafrid, the Alt S. Berndag, Hildidag, Liuddag, 
 Wildag. But these names may sometimes be from deo, diu, con- 
 fidant, servant ; whence the Alt D. names Arndeo, Helmdeo, 
 Irmindeo, Pirideo, Regindeo, &c. &c. Cf. also the English name 
 Heritage, in H. R. Heritag.' 
 
 SINJOHN. A U. S. corruption of St. John. The name is 
 also found written Sinjen. 
 
 SIP. From Sibert, a name occurring in the genealogy of the 
 kings of the East Angles, East Saxons, and West Saxons, cor- 
 responding with the G. name Siebert, an 0. H. G. Sigipe-raht, 
 and a G. Sigibert; or from Sibbald : G. Sebald, Siebold, Sybelt, 
 from Sigebald, name of a king of the East Saxons. Cf. the G. 
 names Sibja, Sibo, Sivo, Siffo, 0. G. Sepp, Seebe, Sybel, and the 
 U. S. names Sibel, Sibell, Sibbs, Sip, Sipp, Sipps, Sipples, Sippel, 
 Sipple, Sippet. 
 
 SIPPET. See SIP. 
 
 SIRGOOD. Same as Sargood, Sherwood, Shergold. See 
 SHEARGOLD. 
 
 SITWELL. The same as Sidwell, for some local name com- 
 pounded of ville. The name would also corrupt from the German 
 name Sigiwald. 
 
 SIX. See SEX. 
 
 SIXSMITHS. A corruption of Sucksmith, q. v. 
 
 SIXTY. Perhaps the same as Sexty and Saxty ; from Saxty, 
 a parish co. Suffolk. Lower makes the name Sexty a corruption 
 of sacristy. 
 
 SKIFF. A U. S. name. Perhaps from A. S. scife, scyfe, a 
 precipice. 
 
 SKILL. Camden renders skell " a well, in the Northern 
 English." Skyll and Skell are also found. But see SKULL. 
 
 SKILLET. Perhaps a diminutive of Skill, q. v. 
 
 H 
 
98 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 SKIMMER. Same as the G. Sigimar ; from sig-mar, renowned 
 for victory. 
 
 SKINLEY, . q. SKINGLEY, SHENLEY, SHELLEY. 
 From A. S. scean-leay, beautiful meadow. See LEGG. 
 SKINNING. Formed like Winning, q. v. 
 SKULL, SCULL. From Skull, in the Barony of Carbery, 
 co. Cork. 
 
 SLACK. A name of local origin. The word slack signifies 
 valley, a small shallow dell. " Slack, slab, slake, an opening 
 in the higher part of a hill or mountain, where it becomes less 
 steep, and forms a sort of pass ; a gap or narrow pass between 
 two hills or mountains." (Jamieson.} 
 
 SLATE. From Sleat or Slate, in the Isle of Wight. 
 SLAUGHTER. From one of the two parishes so called co. 
 Gloucester ; perhaps derived from the name of a river. There is 
 a place called Slaughterford co. Wilts. Slaughter may also some- 
 times be the same as Slatter, which has been derived from the 
 Dan. slagter, a butcher. Slaughter is the name of a butcher at 
 Netting Hill, Middlesex. 
 
 SLEEP, SLEAP. From Sleep, a hamlet in the parish of St. 
 Peter, at St. Albans, co. Herts. 
 SLEEPER. See SLIPPER. 
 SLEWMAN. Same as Slowman, q. v. 
 
 SLIM. The Boston Courier (4th June, 1859) mentions that Mr. 
 Slim had a narrow escape from drowning. Slim is probably a 
 corruption of Selim, a name which occurs twice in the Post-Office 
 Directory. 
 
 SLI1TKK. The same as Slyper. From the old word simrd- 
 
 <r, a sword-gririder ; from Teut. tchwerdt-fchlei/er. Slyper 
 
 is the name of a diamond-cutter in London, llenco no doubt the 
 
 surname Sleeper. Tin- name Hipper has been connected with the, 
 
 Spanish name Zapata ; and :-n/nifn. :;<ij><it<> is a kind of half-boot. 
 
 Mellado gives three Spaniards of the name of Zapata Antonio 
 
 Cisneros, a cardinal, born at Madrid in 1550 ; Antonio 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 99 
 
 or Lupian Zapata, born at Segorbe in the seventeenth century ; 
 and Antonio Zapata, born at Soria at the end of the seventeenth 
 century. The latter was one of the most celebrated of the pupils 
 of Antonio Palomino, and, among many others, painted a fine 
 picture of St. Peter and St. Paul for the cathedral of Osma. The 
 name is probably derived from locality. Zapata is the appellation 
 of a district of Spain, prov. Avila ; and of a place prov. Ponte- 
 vedra. Zapateros is the name of a village prov. C6rdoba ; and 
 there are places in Spain called Zapategui, Zapateira, Zapateiro, 
 Zapatera, Zapateria, Zapatero, and Zapaton. 
 
 SLIPSHOE. SeeSTEPTOE. 
 
 SLIT. Same as Slight, one thin and tall. 
 
 SLOCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 SLOW. This name was anciently written De la Slo, Ad le 
 Slow, or De la Slou, and is the same as Slough ; from slough, a 
 place of deep mud or mire, from A. S. slog. Slough is the name 
 of a place in Bucks. Slow, Slowe, Slowey, Slough, Sloog, Slog- 
 gett, Sluggett are found as surnames in Bowditch. 
 
 SLOWCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 SLOWLY, SLOWLEY. From some local name compounded 
 of ley. See LEGG. 
 
 SLOWMAN. The same as Sloman, and the U. S. Slooman, 
 Sluman, Sleuman, Slewman, Slyman ; corrupted from the Hebrew 
 name Solomon. 
 
 SLUMBER. A U. S. corruption of Lumber, Limber, q. v. It 
 would even corrupt from St. Lambert, if there ever was such a 
 saint or sinner. 
 
 SLYBODY. The same as Slytbody, which Lower says is 
 found in Sussex in the thirteenth century, and four centuries after 
 in the same county as Slybody. The name means thin and tall in 
 body. 
 
 SLYMAN. The same as Sleeman, Slemmon, and Slowman, 
 q. v. But see also SLYBODY. 
 
 SMALLAGE. See MARRIAGE. 
 
 H 2 
 
100 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 SMALLBACK. From some local name compounded of G. 
 bach, a brook. 
 
 SMALLBONE, SMALLBONES. From some local name 
 compounded of bourn, a brook, A. S. burn. Hence Collarbone, 
 Crackbone, Fulborn, Kneebone, Newbone, Newborne, Stubborne, 
 Whalebone. 
 
 SMALLCOMB. See COMB. 
 
 SM ALLEY. SEE SMILES. 
 
 SMALLPAGE, SMALPAGE. This name may mean the 
 small village. Page (L. pagus) was an old English word for a 
 village. But see PAGE. 
 
 SMALPENNY. See PENNY. 
 
 SMALSTONE. A name found in the U. S. From some local 
 name compounded of ton (A. S. tun), an enclosure. Hence 
 Silverstone, &c. 
 
 SMELT. 1. A diminutive of Small = to the names Little, 
 Petit, Klein, &c. 2. From A. S. smylt, smelt, serene, gentle, 
 placid, mild. 
 
 SMILES. Said to be derived from the name Smellie, probably 
 from Small ey, a chapelry in the parish of Morley, co. Bucks; 
 from A. S. smeth-leag, smooth pasture. Smalley, Smily, Smedley 
 would seem to be the same name. 
 
 SMOKER. Mr. Ferguson thinks this name may be from the 
 A. S. smicere, elegant, polished ; but the Dan. form of the word, 
 viz. smulc (fair, handsome, fine), would be nearer. Ilalliwell 
 says, "At Preston, before the passing of the Reform Bill in 1832, 
 every person who had a cottage with a chimney, and used the 
 jatter, had a vote, and was called a smoker" Smucker, Smock, 
 Smoke are found as U. S. names. 
 
 SMUT. A name found in Lower's Appendix. The same as 
 Smout, Smoot, Smoote, Smyth, Smythe, Smith. Cf. Smooth- 
 man, which is doubtless a corruption of Smithyman or Smither- 
 man. All these names, as well as Smither, Smyther, and 
 Smithers, are found in Bowditch. 
 
LUDUS PATEONYMICUS. 101 
 
 SNIPE. Same as Snape, Snepp ; from Snape, name of a 
 parish co. Suffolk, and of a township co. York, North Riding. 
 The Devonshire word snape signifies a spring in arable ground. 
 The names Snape, Snapp, Snipe, Snupe are found in the U. S. 
 
 SNIVELLY, SNIVELY, SNIVELEY. U.S. names. From 
 some local name compounded of ley. See LEGG. 
 
 SNOOKS. The word snooks is often brought forward as the 
 answer to an idle question, or as the perpetrator of a senseless 
 joke. It was probably the name of a character in some modern 
 play or song. The surname is a gross corruption of Sevenoaks ; 
 from Sevenoaks, Kent, the provincial pronunciation of which is 
 Se'noaks. Sevenoaks is still a surname, and there was formerly 
 a Sir William de Sevenoke. " Mr. Sevenoke," says Bowditch, 
 " was an ancient Lord Mayor of London." 
 
 SNOWBALL. From some local name compounded of bold ; 
 perha} s from snaw-bold, the snow dwelling. See BOTTLE. 
 
 SNOWHITE. Compounded of thwaite. See LILYWHITE. 
 
 SOAR. See SORE. 
 
 SOBER. The same as Seaber and Seubar in the Domesday of 
 Lincolnshire ; probably from Sibert, for Sigibert. 
 
 SOCKETT. Probably of local origin. According to Lower, 
 Sockett is an alias for the parish of Playden co. Sussex. 
 
 SOFTLY, SOFTLEY. See LEGG. 
 
 SOLACE. Same as Solis ; from Sollies, a commune and town 
 of France, dep. Var ; or from Soules, an ancient Scottish family 
 that gave name to Soulestoun, now Saltoun, or Salton, in Scot- 
 land. 
 
 SOLE, SOUL. 1. From the Scripture name Saul. 2. From 
 Saul, name of a parish of England, co. Gloucester, and of a parish 
 of Ireland, co. Down. 3. From Soulle, a town of France, dep. 
 La Manche. 4. The same as Seal, Scale ; from root of Counsell, 
 q. v. Cf. Shrubsole, Plimsaul, Plimsoll ; and see also SALE, 
 SALES. 
 
 SOMANY. The same as Soman and Samand ; from A. S. 
 
102 LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 
 
 sae-man, sa-mann, a seaman. Samand would also corrupt from 
 St. Amant. St. Amant and Stamamant are found in Bowditch. 
 
 SOMEBORN. Bowditch mentions a Mr. Someborn of Phila- 
 delphia, who, he says, may feel assured that somebody was his 
 father. Sombourn is the name of two parishes (King's and 
 Little) co. Hants. 
 
 SON. The same as Sonne ; perhaps from G. sonne, the sun. 
 Son, Sonne, Sonna, and Sunrise are found in Bowditch, and Sun- 
 shine in Lower's Appendix. 
 
 SOPPETT, SOPPITT. A corruption of Sopwith, from Sop- 
 worth co. Wilts. But see SIP and SIPPET. 
 
 SORE. A Maria Sore and an Ellen Soar occur in the 
 Registrar-General's List. They may be from Sore, a town of 
 France, dep. Landes. They may also be the same as Shore and 
 the U. S. Shower. 
 
 SORELY. A U. S. name. See LEGG. 
 
 SORT WELL. From some local name compounded of mile. 
 
 SOUL. See SOLE. 
 
 SOURWINE. See WINE. 
 
 SOUTHERLY. See LEGG. 
 
 SOUTHMAYD. The same as Southmead, both U. S. names. 
 See LONGMAID. 
 
 SOY. A U. S. name. A corruption of Say ; from Sai, near 
 Argentan, a town of France, dep. Orne ; probably derived from 
 saxum, a rock. 
 
 SPAN, SPANE. Same as Spain, Spayne, originally from 
 Spain. See Morant's Essex. 
 
 "TAXI 1. 1.. One from Spain or Hispaniola. See Charnock's 
 Verba Nominalia. 
 
 SI 'All. Same as Spurr, q. v. 
 
 SPEAK, SPEAKE. The same as Speke ; from Branford 
 Sjicki- (tnuiul Speak in one map) co. Devon. Speke is also the 
 name of a township co. Lancaster. Lower says the Spekes of 
 Somersetshire descend from Richard le Espek, who lived in the 
 
LUDUS PATKONYMICUS. 103 
 
 reign of Henry II., but that he is unable to explain Le Espek- 
 A correspondent of Notes and Queries thinks "AVilli le Espec" 
 may be a misreading for " Willi le Espee " that is, William the 
 Swordsman, or William of the Sword; another thinks espec may 
 mean a spicer, who was formerly something between a grocer 
 and a chemist, and he quotes Roquefort, u Especiaire, Spicier, 
 droquiste, apothecaire ; de species, specierum" The 0. Fr. spec is 
 an inspector. 
 
 SPEAR. Same as Spurr, q. v. 
 
 SPENCE. SeeExpENCE. 
 
 SPENCER, SPENSER. From Fr. dispensier, a dispenser, 
 steward, literally one having the care of the spence or buttery. 
 The ancestor of the noble family of Spencer was Robert de 
 Spencer, steward, i. e. dispenser, to William the Conqueror. 
 
 SPENDLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 SPIDER. Properly Spinner. The name of the insect is pro- 
 perly spinner. 
 
 SPIER. See SPIRE. 
 
 SPILLARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 SPINNAGE. See MARRIAGE. 
 
 SPIRE, SPIRES. From Spires, G. Speyer, a city of Ger- 
 many, cap. Rhenish Bavaria. 
 
 SPIRIT. A name found in the records of the Registrar - 
 General. It is probably the same as Spurrett, a diminutive 
 of Spurr, q. v. One Spiritus Presbyter, however, occurs in 
 a charter of Hardacnut, Cod. Dip. Ang. Sax., No. 762. Cf. 
 Ferguson. 
 
 SPIRT. Same as Spirit, q. v. 
 
 SPITTLE. Found Spittal, Spital, Spittel. Spital is the name 
 of two places in Austria, of a parish in South Wales, and of a 
 township co. Lincoln. It is a corruption of hospital. 
 
 SPOTTS. From Spott, a parish of Scotland, co. Haddington. 
 
 SPRATT. A probable corruption of Pratt, for Parratt, a 
 diminutive of the French Pierre. 
 
104 LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 
 
 SPRUCE. Like the adjective, probably derived from Prussia. 
 But see Charnock's Verba Nominalia. 
 
 SPURAWAY. 1. Same as Spurway; from A. S. speara, 
 spearwa, a sparrow. 2. From Spurway, the name of an estate 
 co. Devon. Cf. Spar, Spear, Spurr. 
 
 SPURR. The same as Spar, Spear, and Sparrow, from A. S, 
 speara, spearwa, Dan. spurre. 
 
 SQUIRREL. The same as the U. S. name Esquirell, and the 
 Fr. Esquirol; or from the English surname Squirhill, derived from 
 some local name ending in " hill." 
 
 STABB, STABBS. The same as Stubbs, from St. Aubyn, or 
 from St. Ebbe's. There is however a U. S. name Staab, which 
 would seem to be from Stab or Staab (Boh. Stoda), a market town 
 of Bohemia. 
 
 STABLE, STABLES. Same as Staple, Staples, q. v. 
 
 STAGG, STAGGS. From St. Agg, St. Aggs, i. e. St.' 
 Agatha's. 
 
 STAIR. From Stair, a parish of Scotland, co. Ayr, which gives 
 title to the Earl of Stair. 
 
 STALLION. Corrupted from some English local name, per- 
 haps Stelling, a parish co. Kent. It may also be a French 
 diminutive. Stall, Stallo, Stallion are found as surnames in the 
 U.S. 
 
 STAIN. The same as. Stein, Steinn, Steen, Stone; from G. 
 stein, A. S. stdn, 0. N. steinn^ a stone. 
 
 STAMMER, STAMMERS (U. S. Stamer, Stemmer, Stamers). 
 This name might certainly be an English rendering of the Roman 
 name Balbus, but it is more probably derived from a local name. 
 It may be a corruption of the surname Starmer, perhaps from 
 Sturmer, a parish co. Essex, or Stormere co. Leicester ; or from 
 the surname Stanmer, from Stanmer, a parish co. Sussex. J. 
 Stammers, Esq., barristcr-at-law, considers his name to be of 
 Dutch or German origin, and thinks that Stammensdorff, a local 
 name mentioned in Alison's History, may give a clue. Stammers 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 105 
 
 would easily corrupt from St. Audomarus (whence St. Omer), 
 doubtless the same as Audomer or Aumer, from which Pont 
 Audemer had its name. 
 
 STUBBORNE. See SMALLBONE. 
 
 STAMP, STAMPS. The same as Estampes. From Etampes, 
 formerly Estampes, a commune and town of France, dep. Seine 
 et Oise. 
 
 STANDFAST. See MATTERFACE. 
 
 STANDING. The same as Standin and Standen ; from some 
 local name ending in den, a valley. 
 
 STAND WELL. The same as Stanville and Stan well ; from 
 Stanwell co. Middlesex, compounded of mile. 
 
 STAPLE, STAPLES. From Staple, name of parishes cos. 
 Kent and Somerset. Hence the names Stable, Stables. 
 
 STAE, STARR. Star is found in H. R., and Ster and Sterr 
 in Domesday ; and there is a place named Star near Markinch, in 
 Scotland. Ferguson thinks Starr may be from 0. N. starri, a 
 hawk, A. S. star, a starling. 
 
 STARBOARD, STARBIRD. These names would easily cor- 
 rupt from Tarbert, the name of places in Ireland and Scotland. 
 If of Anglo-Saxon origin, they may be from stor-beorht, very dis- 
 tinguished, or excelling in greatness. 
 
 STARE. Same as Stair, q. v. 
 
 STARING. From some local name compounded of ing, a 
 meadow. 
 
 STARKWEATHER. See MERRYWEATHER. 
 
 STARLING (in H. R. Starlyng, Sterlyng). From Stirling, 
 Scotland. * 
 
 START. Start Point is the name of a headland near the south 
 extremity of co. Devon. 
 
 STARTUP. See HOPE. 
 
 STATE, STATES. From root of Steed, q. v. Hence the 
 name Staight. 
 
 STAY. From root of Steed, q. v. 
 
106 LUDUS PATRONTMICUS. 
 
 STEED. Same as Stead ; from A. S. sted, a place (Dan. id., 
 D. stcde, G. statt). Stede or Stidd is the name of a chapelry co. 
 Lancaster. 
 
 STEDDY. A corruption of St. Edith. 
 
 STEP. From Stephen. 
 
 STEPTOE. From some local name compounded of lioo, hoe, 
 from G. hohe, height, elevation. Cf. the names Prudhoe, Sand- 
 hoe, Shafthoe, Slipshoe, Tudhoe. 
 
 STIFF. From Stephen. See TIFFANY. 
 
 STILLWAGON, STILLWAGEN. Perhaps from G. stell- 
 wagner, a maker of the vehicle called stellwagen. 
 
 STIRRUP. See HOPE. Stirrop is found in the Hist. Canter- 
 bury. 
 
 STOCK, STOCKS. From Stock, name of parishes cos. Essex, 
 Dorset, Somerset, Worcester, and York; from A. S. stoc, a 
 place. 
 
 STOCKING, STOCKINGS. From some local name com- 
 pounded of A. S. ing, a meadow. Stocken is a surname, and De 
 Stocking is found in H. R. See STOCK. 
 
 STOKER. Same as Stocker (found in H. R.). In the West 
 of England a stacker is one employed to fell or grub up trees. 
 
 STONEHEART. Same as Stonhard, Stannard, Stennard, 
 Stoinhanl, Stoinhardt, Steinhart ; from G. stein-hart, as strong as 
 a stone. 
 
 STOXELAKE. See LEGQ. 
 
 STOPPARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 STORK, STORKS. A corruption of Stock^ Stocks, q. v. 
 
 STORY. From A. S. and 0. N. 8t6r, great. Stori is a Scan- 
 dinavian name, and we have the English names Storr and Store. 
 
 .- TKA I >LIXG. Corrupted from Estarling or Easterling, once 
 the popular name of certain German traders in England, i. e. 
 " people from the East," whose money was of the purest quality, 
 whence the term " sterling mm 
 
 STRANGE WAYS. There ia a Major Hon. S. D. Strangeways 
 
LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 107 
 
 in the U. S. It is the same with the English names Strangwayes, 
 Strangwish, Strangwich ; corrupted from Strangwish, a place near 
 Manchester, which was possessed by the family in the fourteenth 
 century. 
 
 STRAW. The same as Straith ; from Straith, a parish of Scot- 
 land, co. Inverness; from Sco. strath, Gael, srath, a valley, a 
 mountain valley, bottom of a valley, a low-lying country through 
 which a river rolls, the low inhabited part of a country, in contra- 
 distinction to its hilly ground, a dell. Cf. the surname Rack- 
 straw. 
 
 STRAWMAT. Bowditch mentions a Dr. Strawmat who was 
 punished by a mob. This name may be from some locality in 
 Scotland compounded of strath. See STRAW. 
 
 STRAY. The same as Straw, q. v. 
 
 STURGEON. From an estate in Essex called Sturgeons, 
 formerly Turges Cassus. Turges may be the same name as 
 Turgesius, a celebrated Norwegian king, called by Iru-h writers 
 Tuirghes, who established his power in Ireland for thirty years. 
 Hence probably the names Sturch, Sturge, Sturges, Sturgess, 
 Sturgis. 
 
 STUTTER. One who has to do with stots ; or perhaps rather 
 a corruption of the name Stotherd = stotherd. Stot is a northern 
 provincialism for a young ox, and Chaucer uses the word stot for 
 a horse. "Stot hors, caballus" (Pr. Parv., f. 165). Tynvhitt 
 thinks Chaucer uses the term stot for stod, a stallion. Stufgard, 
 capital of Wurtemburg, had its name from the stuts or stallions, 
 formerly kept there for war purposes, and the arms of the city 
 are a mare suckling her colt. We may have this vocable in 
 Studham, Studland, Studley, local names in England. The name 
 Stotherd has become Stothurd, Stothert, Stothard, Stodhart, 
 Stoddart, Stoddard, Stodart, Studart, Studdart, Studdert. 
 
 SUCH. Corrupted from the name Zouch, a baronial family 
 that gave the suffix to Ashby-de-la-Zouch co. Leicester. The 
 name is also found written Sutch, Souch, Zoche, Zuche, Zusch, 
 
108 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 Zusche, and is said to be derived from A. S. stoc, a place, also the 
 stem of a tree. 
 
 SUCK. Same as Such, q. v. 
 
 SUCKBITCH (U. S. Suxpitch). A corruption of Sokespic, a 
 name probably of local origin. The A. S. soc is a soke, liberty, 
 jurisdiction, spic is bacon, and the 0. Fr. spec is an inspector. 
 See SPEAK. 
 
 SUCKSMITH. From sock, a North of England word for a 
 plough-share, from A. S. sulg. The first part of this name may 
 also be from A. S. seax, sex, a knife, sword, dagger, plough-share. 
 
 SUDDEN. From Southdean, "southern valley," a parish of 
 Scotland, co. Koxburgh. There is however the French surname 
 Soudan, and two communes and villages of France named 
 Soudan, one dep. Deux Sevres, the other dep. Loire-Inf. 
 
 SUE, SUES. Perhaps from the nickname for Susan. 
 
 SUET, SUETT. 1. The same as Sweet and the German name 
 Suss. 2. A diminutive of Sue, q. v., also Sweatman. Suet is 
 found in the French Directory. 
 
 SUGAR. See SEGAR. 
 
 SUGARMAN. The same as Sigmundr, Sigemund, Sigis- 
 mundus, Segimundus (filius Segestis apud Taciturn Annales, 1, 57) ; 
 from G. sig-mund, vir victorise. Sugarman and Shugerman are 
 found in Bowditch. 
 
 SUIT. Same as Suet, q. v. 
 
 SULLEN. From Soulaines, a commune and market town of 
 France, dep. Aube, on the Soulaine. Lower, under Sellen, Sellens, 
 says he can prove, by the evidence of parish registers, &c., in 
 Sussex, that these names are corrupted from the ancient surname 
 of Selwyn. 
 
 SULLY. 1. From Sully (Solliaco), name of two towns of 
 France, one dep. Loiret, the other dep. Nievre. 2. From Sully, a 
 parish of South Wales, co. Glamorgan. 
 
 SUMMERBEE. From Somerby, name of three parishes, one 
 co. Leicester, and two co. Lincoln. But see BEE. 
 
LUDUS TATRONYMICUS. 109 
 
 SUMMERBELL. A U. S. name. The same as the English 
 names Somervell, Somervail ; corrupted from Somerville. 
 
 SUMMERFIELD. The same as Somerfield, Somervail, Somer- 
 vell, Summerwill, corrupted from Somerville. 
 
 SUMMERSETT. A corruption of Somerset. 
 
 SUMMERWILL. See SUMMERFIELD. 
 
 SUMMONS. Same as Summonds ; a corruption of Symonds, 
 Symons, Simmonds, Simmons ; perhaps sometimes from Simon, 
 but generally from Simund or Sigmund, or from Seman, Seaman. 
 
 SUPPLE. A corruption of Shuffle, q. v. 
 
 SURPLICE. This name is found in the Registrar-General's 
 List. It is the same as the U. S. name Surpluss, and the French 
 Supplice, doubtless corrupted from Sulpicius. Menage gives St. 
 Sulpice and St. Souplex, as corrupted down from Sulpicius. St. 
 Sulpice is the name of numerous communes and villages of 
 France. 
 
 SURPLUSS. See SURPLICE. 
 
 SWALLOW. From Swallow, a parish co. Lincoln. There is 
 however the French name Hirondelle. 
 
 SWAN. The same as Swain, Swaine, Swayne, and the Scan- 
 dinavian name Sweyn ; from A. S. swan, a herdsman or pastoral 
 servant. 
 
 SWEARING. Formed like Winning, q. v. 
 
 SWEAT. Same as Suet. 
 
 SWEATING, SWETTING. Same as Sweeten, q. v. 
 
 SWEATMAN. The same as Sweetman, and an ancient name 
 Swetman, and the prse-Domesday name Suetmau or Suetmannus. 
 The name may mean strong or powerful man. The A. S. swith, 
 wyth is strong, powerful, great ; Fries, swid, strong, much, crafty, 
 bad ; Moeso-G. swinths, validus, robustus. Hence the Gothic 
 proper name Suintila = Valentius ; and Swintebold, which 
 Wachter renders valide audax. 
 
 SWEETBUTTER. Name of an old family in the neighbour- 
 hood of Woodstock. See BUTTER. 
 
110 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 SWEETEN. Same as Sweeting. A patronymic of the name 
 Sweet ; or compounded of ing, a meadow. See WILLING. Lower 
 gives Sweeting 1 as an old Anglo-Saxon personal name, and men- 
 tions the Domesday Sueting, Suetingus. 
 
 SWEETLAND. The same as the U. S. names Swetland and 
 Sweedland ; from Swethland, Sweedland, old names for Sweden, 
 found in Dr. Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. The name 
 might also be from Swithland, a parish of England, co. Leicester. 
 
 SWEETLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 SWEETMAN. See SWEATMAN. 
 
 SWEETSIR. Same as Sweetser, Sweetsur, Sweetzer, Sweitzer, 
 Schweitzer, the German for a Swiss. 
 
 SWELL, SWELLS. From Swell, a parish co. Somerset ; or 
 Swell, name of two parishes (Upper and Lower) co. Gloucester. 
 
 SWILLAWAY. From some local name compounded of -way. 
 Swillaway, Silloway, Silaway are found as surnames in the U. S. 
 
 SWILLING. From some local name compounded of ing, a 
 meadow. But see WILLING. 
 
 SWINDLE. From Swindale, co. Westmoreland. 
 
 SWINDLER. A maker of swindles, a northern provincialism 
 for spindles. 
 
 SWINE. 1. A corruption of Swain, Swaine, Swayne. See 
 SWAN. 2. From Swine, a pariah co. York, East Riding. 
 
 SWINESHEAD. From Swineshead, a market town and 
 parish co. Lincoln ; also a parish co. Hunts. 
 
 SWING. Same as Swine ; or from some local name. Swing- 
 field is the name of a parish co. Kent. 
 
 S \VOKI), SWORDS. From Swords, a town and parish of 
 Ireland, co. Dublin. 
 
 SYNTAX. Perhaps a corruption of St. Agg's, i. e. Agatha's. 
 See AGUE. 
 
 TAILBUSH. Same as Talboys, g.v. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. Ill 
 
 T. 
 
 TALBOYS, TAILBOYS. From Fr. faille bois, cut-wood ; or 
 rather qui faille le bois, one who cuts wood, a wood-cutter. This 
 name has been rendered in English Cutbush, which, by the bye, 
 was formerly the name of a gardener at Highgate, Middlesex. 
 
 TAME. Not from Tame, a river cos. Stafford and Warwick ; 
 nor from the Tame which rises in Yorkshire ; nor the Thame or 
 Tame which falls into the Thames ; but from Thame or Tame, a 
 market town and parish co. Oxford, which takes its name from 
 the latter river. 
 
 TANKARD. From 0. G. Tanchard (ninth century), Than- 
 cred, from dank-rat, a willing counsellor ; or perhaps rather from 
 A. S. thane-red, thoughtful counsellor. Cf. the 0. G. names 
 Thancheri, Thancrih, the It. Tancredi, Eng. Tanqueray, G. Banco, 
 Eng. Danks. 
 
 TAPLADY. See TOPLADY. 
 
 TAPPING. A patronymic of Tapp ; or compounded of ing, 
 a meadow. See WILLING. Tapp, Tappan, Tapping, Tapps, 
 Tappy are found as U. S. names. 
 
 TARBATH. From Tarbat, Tarbart, or Tarbert, in Scotland ; 
 or Tarbert, near Limerick, Ireland ; from Gael, fairbeart, a 
 peninsula. 
 
 TARBOTTOM. According to Lower, this name is a corrup- 
 tion of the surname Tarbotton, probably from Tarbolton, a parish 
 in Ayrshire. But see BOTTOM. 
 
 TARBOX. The same as Torbock ; from Torbock, an estate 
 in Lancashire, held by a family of the name in early times. 
 
 TARGET, TARGETT. See THOROUGHGOOD. 
 
 TARRY. A corruption of Terry, like the French name 
 Thierry, derived from Theodoric. 
 
 TART. A corruption of the surname Tarratt, for Tarrant ; 
 
112 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 from Tarrant, name of several parishes in co. Dorset, through 
 one of which runs the small river of the same name. 
 
 TASSELL. The It. word tasso is a badger, also a yew-tree 
 and an anvil ; but Tasso is said to be an O. G. name and 
 there is the diminutive Tassilo, and the English name Tassell, 
 and tassel is an O. Eng. word for a male hawk, from Fr. tiercelet 
 (It. terzolo). Some make Tassilo and Tetzel diminutives of 
 Tatto, Tasso, from 0. G. tatte, pater, tutor, nutricius. Wachter 
 doubts this, and thinks them rather abbreviated from Tadelbert, 
 which he translates parentibus clarus, and he says Toti'la, the 
 name of a king of the Ostrogoths, might be from the same root. 
 All these names may be from the O. Fr. tasse, assemblage de 
 quelques arbres, petit bois touffu, touffe d'arbres. Most of the 
 following surnames are found in the French Directory viz., 
 Tasse, Tassus, Tassy, Tassel, Tassilly, Tassily, Tasset, Tassot, 
 Taskin, Tassin, Tassain, Tasselin, Tassart, Tassaert. 
 
 TAUNT. The same as Daunt, both found in the Registrar- 
 General's List, and the U. S. North America. Lower says Daunt 
 is said to be the same as the Dauntre of the so-called Battel 
 Abbey Roll. If so, it may be from Daventry co. Northampton. 
 
 TAYLECOATE. See COAT. 
 
 TAX. From Tack, Tacke, Tagg, Tagge ; perhaps from Tagert, 
 Taggard, Taggart, Taggert. 
 
 TEACHOUT. A name found in the U. S. Compounded of 
 the D. would, a wood ; or hout, wood. Cf. Turnhout, a town of 
 Belgium, prov. East Antwerp. 
 
 TEAR. From the Gael, name MacTear ; from mac-an-saoir, 
 son of the carpenter. Hence Maclntyre. 
 
 TEKTH. From atte Heath, or at-the-heath, one living upon 
 or near the heath. 
 
 TELFAIR. The same as Telfer, from the Norman name 
 Taillefer = cut-iron. Lower says, " The exploits of the noble 
 jonglere Taillefer at the battle of Hastings are well known. 
 "William, Count of Angouleme, in a battle against the Northmen, 
 
LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 113 
 
 engaged their king, Storris, and with one stroke of his sword 
 Dtirixsiiua, forged by the great Wayland Smith, cut in two his 
 body and cuirass. Hence he acquired the sobriquet of Taillefer, 
 or ' cut iron.'' " In the sixteenth century the name in Scotland 
 was written Tailzefer. Telfer, the celebrated engineer, not aware 
 of the origin of his name, changed it to Telford. Hence no 
 doubt Talford, Talfourd, Tolfrey, and Tolfree. 
 
 TELLING. Formed like Winning, q. v. 
 
 TENCH. Same as Bench. See DANCE. 
 
 .TENDER. Halliwell says tender, in the eastern counties, 
 signifies a waiter at an inn. 
 
 TENET. One Joseph Tenet occurs in the Registrar-General's 
 List. It is doubtless corrupted from Thiennette, a French diminu- 
 tive of Etienne, i. e. Stephen. 
 
 TENT. A corruption of Tenet, q. v. 
 
 THALER. See CASHDOLLAR. 
 
 THANKFUL. Corrupted from the Norman name Tankerville. 
 
 THICKNESSE. From some local name compounded of ness, 
 a cape or headland ; from A. S. nasse, nesse, ness. Cf. the local 
 names Sheerness, Dungeness, Eastonness. It sometimes means 
 an island, as in Foulness, Essex. 
 
 THICKPENNY. See PENNY. 
 
 THTMBLEBEE. From Thimbleby, a parish co. Lincoln. 
 
 THIN. The same as Thynne. The latter name is said to have 
 originated with the ancient house of Botfield or Botevile. The 
 alias is said to have originated with John de Botteville, who lived 
 at the family house at Church-Stretton, who was familiarly known 
 as John o' th' Inne, which abbreviated became Thynne, though 
 John de la Inne de Botfelde was his usual appellation. It seems 
 that the house in question was called " The Inn." 
 
 THING. A corruption of Thin, q. v. 
 
 THIRST. The same as Thurst ; from Thursk co. York; or 
 from at-the-hurst = at the wood or forest (A. S. Uyrst). The 
 A. S. thrist is bold, daring. 
 
 I 
 
114 LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 
 
 THISTLECOCK. See COCK. 
 
 THORNBACK. Not from the fish ; but from some local 
 name ending in back, a brook. See NEWBACK and SMALLBACK. 
 
 THOROUGHGOOD. The same as Thorowgood, the Essex 
 Thurgar, the Dan. Thurgood, and the Domesday Turgod and 
 Thurgot, name of the first bishop of Sweden. The name seems 
 to come from the 0. G. thor, bold, strong, fierce, perhaps the 
 same as the "VV. dewr, brave, bold, valiant, stout ; Gr. Bovpws, 
 Qovpos, warlike, ardent, fierce, an epithet of Mars, and doubtless 
 the origin of the name of the Scandinavian god Thor. Wachter 
 thinks Thurgot may be rendered " trusting in God." He gives 
 also from this root Thurovaro, Thorismodus, Thorisin, &c. From 
 Thurgood, Turgod, Thurgot we may have the name Targett. 
 
 THROWER. One that twists or winds silk ; from A. S. thraican, 
 to twist, turn, curl, throw, &c. 
 
 THRUSH. The same as Thirst, q. v. 
 
 TICKLE, TICKELL. From Tickhill, a parish and formerly a 
 market town co. York, West Riding. 
 
 TICKLEPENNY. From Ticklepenny, a parish near Grimsby 
 co. Lincoln. But see PENNY. 
 
 TIDY. From Tadhg, the Irish form of Thady, i. e. Thaddeus. 
 MacTaidhg or Teige, O'Taidhg or OTeige (mentioned by O'Herin 
 as chiefs of Ui Maile and of Ui Teigh) anglicised their name to 
 Tighe. They derive their name from Ir. tadhg, a poet, philoophers. 
 
 TIDYMAN. The same as Tiddeman and Tidman. From 
 some old German name, perhaps Theudmund or Theodmund ; 
 from 0. G. teut-mund, which might translate both " a protector of 
 man " and " a prince." I do not find such a name, but we have 
 many names compounded of teut, as Theudorix, Theodoricus, 
 Theudebert, Theudibaldus, &c. 
 
 TIFFANY, TIFFINY. From Stephen. Hence also Tiffin, 
 Tiffen, and Stiff. Roquefort renders the 0. Fr. t!j>lnu'nt, l<'/>/tn<//i<', 
 tiphainffne, la fete de 1'Epiphanit, le jour des Rois, du Grec. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 115 
 
 TIFFIN. See TIFFANY. 
 
 TIGHT. A name found in the Registrar-General's List awl 
 also in the U. S. It is probably a corruption of Tite, the French 
 form of Titus. 
 
 TILL. 1. The nickname for Matilda. 2. Said to be some- 
 times from William. Hence, as a diminutive, Tillet, by contrac- 
 tion Tilt. 
 
 TILT. A contraction of Tillet. See TILL. 
 
 TIMBER. [There is a U. S. Timbers.] Perhaps the same as 
 Timbury; from Timsbury, parishes cos. Somerset and South- 
 ampton ; or from Tenbury co. Worcester. There are places 
 named Timberley co. Chester, Timberland co. Lincoln, and 
 Timberscombe co. Somerset. 
 
 TIMBERLAKE. According to Mr. Talbot, from Timber-leg, 
 a wounded soldier with a wooden leg. The last part of the name 
 is from ley. See LEGG. 
 
 TIMES. A corruption of Timms, from Timothy. 
 
 TIMESLOW. An ancient name derived from some locality 
 compounded of laiv, q. v. 
 
 TIMEWELL. From some local name compounded of mile. 
 See FAREWELL. 
 
 TINDALE. Same as Tindal, Tindall; from Tindale-ward, the 
 largest of the six wards of co. Northumberland, traversed by the 
 Tyne. 
 
 TINGLE. The same as Tingley, compounded of ley, a pasture. 
 See LEGG. 
 
 TIPLADY. See TOPLADY. 
 
 TIPLER, TIPPLER (in H. R. Tipeler). Formerly a seller of 
 beer or strong drink. In the corporation archives of Warwick is 
 preserved " the note of such Typlers and alehouse-kepers as the 
 justices of pease have returned to me this Michilmas session. 
 Thies underwriten were returnyd by Sir Thomas Lucy and 
 Humphrey Peto, esquire, March 15, Eliz." See Halliwell's Life 
 of Shakspeare. 
 
 i 2 
 
116 LUDUS PATRONTMICUS. 
 
 TIPPET, TIPPETS. The same as Tippett, Tebbitt, Tebbutt, 
 Tibbatt, Tibbutt, Tebutt, Turbot, Tibbats, Tibbets, Tibbetts, 
 Tibbits, Twopotts ; corrupted from Tibbald, for Theobald. Henc$ 
 also the names Tubb (Tebbs, Tibbs), Tubbs, Tippins, Tipple, 
 Tipkins, and sometimes Tubby. 
 
 TIPPING (anciently Typpynge). From a locality in the town- 
 ship of Clayton le-Dale co. Lancaster. 
 
 TIPPLE. See TIPPET. 
 
 TITLE. 1. A diminutive of Titt, from some personal name. 
 2. Same as Tittle. . 
 
 TITMOUSE. The -same as Titmuss, Tidmas, Titchmarsh, 
 Tidmarsh ; from Tidmarsh co. Berks. The name would also 
 easily corrupt from the ancient name Theodomerus (dux clarus), 
 hodie Dietmar. 
 
 TITTLE. Same as Tittell ; or perhaps from Titley, a parish 
 co. Hereford. Tittel is the name of a village of Hungary. 
 
 TO AD VINE. A U. S. name. Probably of German origin ; 
 from theud-win, which would translate both " war-leader " and 
 " friend of the people." But see WINE and TITMOUSE. 
 
 TODDY. A U. S. name. From Todd, Tod, said to be from 
 tod, a provincial word for a fox. It is more probably a nickname 
 for Theodore or Thaddeus. 
 
 TOLEFREE. See TELFAIR. 
 
 TOLLER. Perhaps sometimes from Toller, name of two 
 parishes co. Dorset. 
 
 TOMB, TOMBS, TOOMBS. 1. From Tom, Toms, from 
 Thomas. 2. From Tim, Timm, Tims, Timms, Timbs, from 
 Timothy. 
 
 TONK. See TUNE. 
 
 NiiUE (Tong, Tonge). From the parish of Tongue co. 
 Sutherland, and perhaps sometimes from Tong or Tonge, parishes, 
 &c., in cos. Kent, Lancaster, Leicester, Salop, and York. Tongue 
 (originally Tung) co. Sutherland was named from a narrow neck 
 of land ; from Gaelic ieaivja. 
 
LUDUS TATRONYMICUS. 117 
 
 TOOGOOD. The same as Towgood. From some local name 
 compounded of " wood." 
 
 TOOL, TOOLE. Same as the Irish name OToole or 
 O'Tuaghall. See TOTTLE. 
 
 TOP, TOPP. From some dwelling at the top of a hill ; from 
 A. S. top, vertex, fastigium. A comparison of names will show 
 that we have fewer tops than bottoms. 
 
 TOOTHAKER. Bowditch mentions a " Dr. Toothaker, of 
 Middlesex county, as a general practitioner, and not a dentist." 
 Lower gives a Toothacker, which he derives from todtenacker, 
 field of the dead, a burying ground, analogous to churchyard. 
 
 TOPCOAT. See COAT. 
 
 TOPLADY. This name, as well as Taplady and Tiplady, may 
 be from some local name compounded of A. S. lad, a lode, canal; 
 or more probably from the Irish name O'Dubhlaidhe (O'Dooley), 
 from dubhlaidh, dark, wintry ; or from dubh-laoch, a dark hero, 
 champion, or soldier. 
 
 TOPLEAF, TOPLIFF. From Topcliff, a parish co. York, 
 North Eiding, where are to be seen the ruins of the " Maiden 
 Bower," a former seat of the Percies, in which Charles I. was 
 confined before his delivery to the Scots. 
 
 TORTOISE. A name found in the London Directory. See 
 
 TORTOISESHELL. 
 
 TORTOISESHELL. A name found in Lower's Appendix. It 
 is doubtless the same as Tattersall, Tattershall, Tattersill ; from 
 Tattershall co. Lincoln. The castle of Tattershall appears to 
 have been built by Robert de Tateshall, whose son was created 
 Baron Tateshall in 1295. It is quite possible also that from the 
 name Tate, Tates, perhaps by corruption Tatters, we may have 
 the surname Tortoise. 
 
 TORY. Same as Torrey and the Edinburgh name Torry; from 
 Torry, name of places in Scotland, in cos. Kirkardine and Fife. 
 Tory or Torry Island is the name of an island off the north-we.<t 
 coast of Ireland, co. Donegal. Torre is also found as a surname. 
 
118 LTJDUS PATRON YMICUS. 
 
 TOTTLE. 1. From Tothill, a parish co. Lincoln. "A tote- 
 hill is an eminence from whence there is a good look-out." 
 Cheshire, Archceol. xix., 39. 2. The same as Tootal, Tuttle, and 
 the Irish name Tuathal. O'Reilly renders tuathal the left hand, 
 and tuathal, tuathallach, awkward, ungainly, clownish, rustic, left- 
 handed, undexterous. 
 
 TOUCH. From the French name Touche or De la Touche. 
 Cf. the French surnames Destouches, Touche-Treville, and 
 Touchon may be a diminutive. There is the Manoir de la 
 Tousche near Nantes, and Touches and Touchet are local names 
 in France. La Touche is also the name of a river in North 
 America. Cotgrave defines touche, " a hoult, a little thick grove 
 or tuft of high trees, especially such a one as is neere a house, 
 and serves to beautifie it, or as a marke for it." The O. Fr. touche, 
 sousche is rendered petit bois de haute futaie proche la maison 
 d'un fief. At Metz toe is " un pied d'arbre," and tocqtiee, " une 
 poignee d'herbes ou de fleurs avec leurs racines." 
 TOUCHARD. See TOUCH and HAZARD. 
 TOUCHSTONE. A modern surname. It is probably from 
 Tuschetum, the Latinised form of Touchet, a parish, arrond. Mor- 
 tain, Normandy, whence the Touchet family derived their name. 
 
 TOUGH. 1. From the parish of Tough co. Aberdeen, Scot- 
 land, which in Gaelic is said to mean " northern exposure ;" but 
 the name was originally Tullyunch. 2. From Tough, name of 
 two parishes of Ireland, Munster, co. Limerick. 
 TOW. Another orthography of Tough, q. v. 
 TOWELL. The same as Towill and perhaps Dobell, Dowell 5 
 from some local name compounded of ville. 
 
 TOY, TOY H. Perhaps from Towie, a parish of Scotland, co. 
 Aberdeen. There are however the French names Toy, Doye; 
 and perhaps, as diminutives, Toyot and Doyat, which may be 
 from 0. Fr. doy, a canal, from L. ductus. There are however the 
 I S. names Doy, Duy, Douai ; and they may all be from Douai 
 or Douay, a town of France, dep. Nord. 
 
LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 119 
 
 TRACTION. According to Lower, this name, as well as 
 Trackson, is corrupted from Threxton ; from Threxton, a village 
 of Norfolk. 
 
 TRAIL, TRAILL. This family claims to be of Norse extrac- 
 tion, and derives its name from Trolle or Troil, the devil. It is 
 more probably the same with the French name Lutreille = the 
 vine arbour. It may even be of Cornish origin, perhaps from 
 tre-hale, the dwelling on the moor. There is a place called Treal 
 in Ruan Minor. 
 
 TRAVELLER. Same as the Cornish name Trevailor, from 
 Trevailer, in Madderne ; from tre-vailer, vayler, the workman's 
 town. 
 
 TREADGOLD, TREDGOLD, THRIDGOULD. From some 
 local name compounded of wood. See SHEARGOLD 
 
 TREASURE. Same as Tresahar, from Tresare, Cornwall; 
 from Cornish tre-sair, the woodman's or carpenter's town. 
 
 TREBLE. A name probably of Cornish origin, from Trebel, 
 the fair or fine place (tre-bel). Hence no doubt by corruption the 
 surname Tremble. 
 
 TREMBLE. See TREBLE. 
 
 TRENCHARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 TRESS, TRESSE. The same as Tracey, Trade; corrupted 
 from Theresa. Hence Truss, and perhaps, as diminutives, Trussel, 
 Trussell. 
 
 TRICK. A corruption of Derrick, Derick, from Theodoric. 
 
 THICKER. In some parts of Cornwall tricker means a dancer, 
 perhaps a corruption of tripper. Tricker may also be a corruption 
 of the name Trigger, q. v. 
 
 TRIGGER. A corruption of the surname Tregeare, Tregear, 
 Tregere, Tregare ; from Tregeare in the parish of Crowan, where 
 the family were resident as late as 1732 ; from tre-geare, the green 
 or fruitful place. 
 
 TRILL. A corruption of Tyrrell, Tyrell, Tirrell. See 
 TRUEFIT. 
 
120 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 TRIM, TRIMM. From Trim, a market town and parish of 
 Ireland, co. Leinster. 
 
 TRIMMER. Same as Tremeer, Tremere, Tremear; from 
 Tremeer in Lantelos-by-Fowey, or Tremere in Lanivet, Corn- 
 wall ; from tre-mer, the great town. Hence doubtless the name 
 Trummer. 
 
 TRIMMING, TRIMMINGS, i.q. TRIMEN. From Drymen, 
 near Glasgow ; or i. q. Tremain, Tremaine, from Treraaine in 
 East Hundred, Cornwall ; or from Tremayn, Tremayne, from 
 Tremayne in Crowan, from ire-mean, men, the stone town. 
 
 TROLL. The same as Trull, from Trull, a parish co. Somerset. 
 Ferguson thinks Troll to be from 0. N. troll, a giant or demon ; 
 and he says there was a Danish family named Trolle, of import- 
 ance in the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries, who bore in their 
 coat of arms a troll or dcemon, and that their name was acquired 
 in a sort of lucus a non lucendo way from an exploit of their 
 ancestor in killing a troll. He also gives Trolle as a modern 
 German name. 
 
 TROLLOPE. See HOPE. 
 
 TROOP. Same as Troup ; from Troup co. Perth, Scotland. 
 Hence doubtless the name Droop. 
 
 TROT.MAX. Same as Trottman, Tratman, and Trautman; 
 from G. traut-mund, beloved protector. 
 
 TROUBLEFIELD. The name as Turbyfield, Turberville, and 
 Turbervill (which was Latinised DeTurbida Villa), supposed to be 
 derived from some local name in Normandy. No such name is 
 now to be found in that province, and it is more probably de- 
 rived from Tubberville or Trubby in the barony <.f D.-cce co. 
 Month, Ire-land. Cf. Tubbermore or Tobarmore co. Londonderry, 
 and Tubber co. Wicklow. The word tolnr, tnblnr in Irish names 
 signifies a well, formed by a spring of watrr. 
 
 >I'T. Perhaps from Drought or its root. (See Diioruirr.) 
 It would also corrupt from Tyrwhitt. See TRUKFITT. 
 
 TIM )\\;:LL. From Trowell, a parish co. Nottingham. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 121 
 
 TROY. From Troyes, a town of France, cap. clep. Aube. 
 There was a French artist named Francis de Troy. Troy is the 
 name of a city and of several townships and villages of the 
 U. S. North America. 
 
 TRUANT. Same as Truan, and perhaps Treuan ; a name pro- 
 bably of Cornish origin, and compounded of tre. 
 
 TRUCE. Same as Trouse ; from Trowse, a parish of Eng- 
 land, co. Norfolk. 
 
 TRUE. Same as Trew, and perhaps also Drew. 
 
 TRUEFITT. Same as the U. S. name Truf hitt, corrupted from 
 Tyrwhitt, which, as well as Tyrrell, Tyrell, Tirrell, Tirrill, would 
 seem to be diminutives formed from the Latin turris, a tower. 
 
 TRUEWORTHY. See WORTH, WORTHY. 
 
 TRULOCK. See LEGG. 
 
 TRUELOVE. Mr. Bowditch mentions a London bookseller 
 of the name of Truelove who was found wanting in love to 
 Louis Napoleon. See LAW. 
 
 TRULL. See TROLL. 
 
 TRULY. Truleigh or Truly is the name of a manor in the 
 parish of Edburton, Sussex. See also LEGG. 
 
 TRUMAN. The same with Trueman, i. q. Tremain, Tre- 
 maine ; from Tremaine in East Hundred, Cornwall ; from tre- 
 mean, the stone town. Tremayn, Tremayne are also Cornish 
 names, from Tremayne in Crowan, said to mean the town on 
 shore or sea coast. 
 
 TRUNDLE. Same as Trendle ; from Trendle, parish of Pit- 
 minster, Somerset. N 
 
 TRUSLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 TRUSS. Same as Tress, q. v. 
 
 TRUSSEL, TRUSSELL. There is a parish called Trusley co. 
 Derby. But see TRESS. 
 
 TRUST. A probable corruption of Thirst, q. v. 
 
 TRY, TRYE. Said to be derived from some locality in 
 Normandy. 
 
122 
 
 LUDUS PATROXYMICUS. 
 
 TUB, TUBES. 1. From Theobald. 2. Same as Tubby, some- 
 times a Cornish form of Thomas. 
 
 TUBMAN. Same as Tupman, a breeder of tups or rams. 
 
 TUCKER. A name of the same meaning as Fuller, one who 
 fulls or mills cloth. Cf. the name Tuckerman. 
 
 TUFT. From Toft, name of parishes cos. Cambridge, Lin- 
 cob, and Norfolk. 
 
 TUFTS. From Tofts, a parish co. Norfolk, having an ancient 
 church. 
 
 TUG-WELL. This name, says Lower, is borne by dentists, 
 shoemakers, &c. It is the same as the Tuckwell and Tuckfield, 
 and is derived from some local name compounded ofville. Tug- 
 well, Tuckwell, and Tuckfield are found as U, S. surnames. 
 
 TUNE. Probably the same as Toon, i. q. Town ; from A. S. 
 tun, an enclosure ; or from tuna, a townman. Tune and Tone are 
 both found in the United States. 
 
 TURBOT. See TIPPET. 
 
 TURK, variously Turke, Turck ; from Mac Turk ; Gael. Mac 
 Tore, son of the boar. 
 
 TURNBULL. This name is said to be local, and that of 
 Trumbull a corruption. It is also connected with an anecdote 
 about a ferocious bull. The Biog. Univ., under Turnebe, says his 
 father, a Scottish gentleman, called himself Turnbull; that his 
 name was replaced in French by that of Tournebceuf, and 
 Tournbou, which in Latin became Turnebus, and in French 
 Turnebe. If the original name was Trumbull, it was probably 
 derived from some place in Scotland or Ireland, compounded of 
 the Gaelic druim, droma (Ir. druim, W. trwm), the top of a hill, 
 a ridge (Carlisle, drum, drain, a knoll, ridge, eminence), and A. S. 
 bold, a dwelling. Drum, drom are very common in local names in 
 Ireland, and there are drums as well as bagpipes in Scotland. It 
 is however possible that the English name may be derived from 
 the Continental name. In an article contained in the M6moires 
 of the Roy. Soc. of N. Antiquarians, entitled Orthographic de 
 
LUDUS PATEONYMICUS. 123 
 
 luelques noms nordiques, I find that Caldebekkr became Caudebec, 
 Langibyr Longbu, and Tournebyr Toumebu. These names 
 would seem to be from the Ice. byr, Su.-Goth. fco, a dwelling ; and 
 Tournebu might mean the 'tower-dwelling.' From this root we 
 probably have many French names compounded of beuf, lauf. 
 Among others are Belbeuf, Belbceuf, Brebeuf, Chabeuf or Chabeu 
 (Chabot?), Cordeboeuf, De Marboeuf, Poinboeuf, Porcaboeuf, 
 Quilboeuf. Cf. the French local names Cordeboeuf, Couliboeuf, 
 Criqueboeuf, Elbeuf, Elboeuf (L. Elbovium), and Quillebceuf, an- 
 ciently Quilebeuf. 
 
 TURTLE. Same as Turtell, Thurtle, and Thyrtell, bishops 
 of Hereford A. D. 688. Corrupted from Thurkle, Thorkell, 
 Thorketell, Thorketil, Thurkettle, Thirkettle, 0. N. Thorkell, 
 Thorketill, and Thorketil, which Grimm thinks may be from the 
 famous kettle which Thor captured from the giant Hymir for the 
 gods to brew their beer in. Cf. the names Ashkettle, Asketell, 
 0. N. Asketill, A. S. Oscytel. 
 
 TWADDLE. Bowditch says that in Philadelphia there are 
 four families of Twaddell, and two of Twaddle. Doubtless a 
 corruption of Tweedle, q. v. 
 
 TWEEDLE. A corruption of Tweedale, " dale of the Tweed." 
 
 TWICEADAY. See SINGLEDAY. 
 
 TWILIGHT, TWYLIGHT. From some local name corn- 
 ponded of A. S. leag, a pasture. Cf. Fairlight, Hastings, pro- 
 perly Fairley or Farley = the sheep pasture. 
 
 TWINING. From Twining, a parish co. Gloucester. 
 
 TWOPENNY. See HALFPENNY. 
 
 TWOPOTTS. Corrupted from Theobald. See TIPPET. 
 
124 LUDUS PATKONYMICUS. 
 
 U. 
 
 UGLY. From TTgley, a parish co. Essex, concerning which is 
 the following proverb : 
 
 Ugley Church, Ugley Steeple, 
 Ugley Parson, Ugley People. 
 But see LEGG. 
 
 UNCLE, UNCLES. Johannes le Uncle occurs in H. R. ; but 
 both these names may sometimes be derived from the Domesday 
 Hunchil, and an 0. G. Unculus, which are probably from G. Jiun- 
 child, powerful warrior. See CHILD. 
 
 UNDERFINGER. This name, which is found in the U. S., is 
 probably of German origin, and derived from locality. The A. S. 
 ing, a meadow, among other forms in German, &c., is liable to 
 become ingen, ingr, ving, vingen, vingr, fing, fingen, fingr. The 
 termination fingen is very common in Southern Germany. Finger 
 is found as a surname. 
 
 UNIT. See UNITE. 
 
 UNITE. The same as Unett, a family said to be of Norman 
 Conquest origin. A Colonel Unett was killed at the assault of 
 the Redan. Unett may be a diminutive of the name Hunn. Hun 
 was a common name among the old Frisians (Outzen, Gloss) ; and 
 Huna appears as the name of a manumitted serf in a chart, Cod. 
 Dip. Ang.-Sax. Unn, Una, Hun, Hunn, Ilunne, Unett, Unit, 
 Unite are all found as U. S. names. 
 
 UNTIIANK. From places so named in cos. Cumberland and 
 Northumberland ; but perhaps originally from Unthank or Intack 
 co. Elgin, which Carlisle translates " lonely," " solitary." There 
 is however no such word in Gaelic. It may be from 
 for u<i'jii'nllit,-1i, lonely, solitary, deserted; or from <i'tt< ini'nj- 
 neach, a solitary place ; or perhaps from limit ch t a way, road, 
 gate. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 UPFILL. From Upwell, name of parishes cos. Norfolk and 
 Cambridge, compounded of mile. 
 
 UPJOHN. From the Welsh name Apjohn, i. e. son of John. 
 Hence, by further corruption, Applejohn. 
 
 URINE. The same as the Cornish name Euren, from Cornish 
 voren, strange ; or a corruption of Uren, from the ancient per- 
 sonal name Urwyn, for Irvine ; from Irvine, a parish of Scotland, 
 co. Ayr (formerly written Irwyn and Irwine), on the river Irvine. 
 Urann, Urin are found as U. S. names. 
 
 UTTER. Same as Otter, q. v. 
 
 V. 
 
 VAST. From St. Vedast, Med. L. Vedastus, which is found 
 corrupted to Vedasto, Vedaste, Vaast, Vast, and Waast. Vedast 
 is Latinised from Foster, or from its root, the D. or Flem. 
 voedster, a nurse, from voeden, to feed. In old deeds St. Vedast 
 and Foster are synonymous ; and Butler, in his Lives of the 
 Saints, says, " Our ancestors had a particular devotion to St. 
 Vedast, whom they called St. Foster, as Camden takes notice in 
 his Remains." 
 
 VENUS. As an English surname, doubtless the same as 
 Veness, and the U. S. names Winas and Winaus ; perhaps from 
 Venice. Under " Venus," Lower says, " De Venuse occurs as a 
 surname, 31 Edw. I. Step, de Venuse miles." Ferguson thinks 
 Venus may be from the surname Venn and house, or ness, a pro- 
 montory. 
 
 VERITY. This name and Varty are found both in England 
 and the U. S. The original name was probably Varty, and is 
 probably derived from some local name in France. 
 
 VERY, VERRY, VERREY. From Everard or Everhard; 
 from G. eber-hard, as strong as a boar (Cr. eber, A. S. efor, efyr, a 
 
126 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 boar). Hence the names Eber, Ever, Every. Again, from o/or, 
 another A. S. form, we may sometimes have the name Over. 
 
 VESPER (U. S. Vesper, Vespre). The same as the Cornish 
 name Vosper, Bosper (found Vospar, Vospur, Uspar) ; from 
 Cornish vos-ber, the bare dwelling ; or bos-ver, the great dwelling. 
 There is a place called Trevosper near Launceston. 
 
 VESSEL, VESSELS. Same as Wessel, Wessell, Wessels ; 
 from Vesoul, a town of France, dep. H. Saone ; or from Wesel, a 
 town of Rhenish Prussia. 
 
 VEST. A corruption of Vast, q. v. 
 
 VICE. See VOICE. 
 
 VILE. From the name Viel; from 0. Fr. le viel, the old. 
 Lower says Vile is probably a corruption of the Fr. La Ville. 
 
 VINEGAR. The same as Winegar ; from 0. G. win-ger, very 
 warlike; or the same as Weniger, from G. weniger, less. Wenige 
 (G. wcniy, little), Weniger, Winegar, Winger, and Vinegar are 
 found in Bowditch. 
 
 VIPER (U. S. Wiper). This name is found in the New 
 England Genealogical Register for April, 1845. Bowditch says 
 " Mr. Bull Frog, not long since before the police-court, Cincin- 
 nati, probably adopted an alias for the occasion." Viper may be 
 a corruption of Vibert, the Wibert of the Yorkshire Domesday, 
 and the A. S. name Uibert (Cod. Dip. A. S., No. 523). It may 
 also be from the French Vipont (Latinised De Veteri Ponte) ; 
 from Vipont, near Lisieux, in Normandy. The names Viper, 
 Vipond are found in Norfolk. 
 
 VIRGIL. Bowditch gives this as the name of a New York 
 expressman. It is hardly from the classical name ; but may be 
 derived from Virgil, a township U. S., New York. 
 
 VIRTUE. From Vertus, in Champagne; or perhaps rather 
 from Vertou, on the left bank of the Loire, nearly opposite to 
 Nantes. Vertue is a French surname. 
 
 VOICE. The same as Voase, Voaz, Voce, Vos, Voss, Vossa, 
 Voyce ; from Cornish vose, a ditch, intrcnchment, wall, fortitica- 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 127 
 
 tion ; n'c, rt'r.-n, foza, vose, id.; boza, lose, an intrenchment ; foz, 
 /os, a wall ; from L. fossa, a ditch, moat, trench. Hence doubt- 
 less the name Vice. 
 
 VOWELL. Bowditch says of this name, " Our newspapers 
 mention that a friend informed Dr. Barton that Mr. Vowell was 
 dead. He said, ' Vowell dead? How glad I am that it is not u 
 or IT This anecdote is also mentioned by Lower, 1860. A 
 Mr. Vowell was executed for a plot against Cromwell. His views 
 were not consonant to those of the Protector." This name may 
 be the same as Voel, Moel ; from root of Mole. Ferguson says 
 Vowell, Vowles correspond with the G. and D. vogel ; and he 
 derives Fuggel, Fuel, Fowell, Fowle from A. S. fugel, a fowl. 
 But see FUEL. 
 
 VULGAR. Ihe same as the U. S. Wulgar, our Woolgar, and 
 the old name Wulfgar, which Ferguson connects with wolf, but 
 which is rather from ulf-ger, very helping. 
 
 W. 
 
 WADDING. A probable patronymic of the name Wade. 
 Waddingham, Waddington, and Waddingworth are found as local 
 names in England ; and Waddington is also a surname. 
 
 WADDLE. The same as Waddell, a corruption of Wardell, 
 Wardill, Wardle ; from Wardle or Wardhall co. Chester; or 
 Wuerdale (Wearclale) co. Lancaster. 
 
 WADLING. From some local name ending in ing, a meadow. 
 
 WAFER. The same as Wefer, Wiffer, Weber, Veber, 
 Webber, Wheaver, Weever, Weaver (in H. R. Textor). 
 
 WAGER. " Wageoure is used by the Scotch poet Barbour 
 for a mercenary soldier one who fights for a ' wage ' or hire. 
 Hence also Wageman" (Lower). Both Wager and Wagir are 
 found as U. S. names, and Wager is the name of a large estuary 
 or inlet of British North America. 
 
128 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 WAGSTAFF, WAGSTAFFE (H. R. Waggestaff, Wagestaf). 
 The last syllable of this name is the A. S. stede, a place, station 
 (ZocMS, situs, statio, spatium). Cf. the names Bickerstaff, Bicker- 
 staffe, Eavestaff, Hackstaff, Halstaff, Halstead, Halsted, Hard- 
 staff, Langstaffe, Longstaff. 
 
 WAIL. The same as Wale and De Wale, found in the ancient 
 records of Ireland. It may be derived from locality. But see 
 WHALE. 
 
 WAILING. A corruption of Waylen, Weland ; from the old 
 name Wayland, and Weland, the Vulcan of the North, which 
 Grimm thinks from 0. N. vel, A. S. wil, Eng. "wile," in the sense 
 of skill. Wayland is the appellation of a hundred in Norfolk. 
 
 WAINSCOAT. See COAT. 
 
 WAIST. See VAST. 
 
 WAIT, WAITE (H. R. Le Wayte) -= watchman. See 
 Prompt. Parv. 
 
 WAKE. Found Wac and Le Wake. Archbishop Wake 
 thinks the name Le Wake, or the watchful, a title given to Here- 
 ward, who flourished under the Confessor, to describe his cha- 
 racter as a skilful military commander. The name doubtless 
 means " the watchman." Cf. the surname Wakeman ; from A. S. 
 wcRC-man, a watchman ; also Notes and Queries, 2nd S. vi. Wake 
 is the name of a country of the U. S., North America, in the 
 centre of North Carolina. 
 
 WALK. A corruption of the name Wallack. 
 
 WALKINGI1AME. From some local name compounded of 
 //'///<, a dwelling. It was doubtless originally Wulkingham. 
 Walkington is the name of a parish co. York, East Riding. Cf. 
 the surnames Allingham, Allengame ; Burlingham, Burlingame ; 
 from Burlingham, name of three parishes co. Norfolk. This may 
 account for the surname Game. 
 
 WALKLATE. A corruption of some local name compounded 
 of In. Cf. Twilight. 
 
 WALK IT. \\ALKUPE. Sec II 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 129 
 
 WALLET. 1. The same as Waylett. 2. A corruption of 
 Willet. See QUILL, QUILT. 
 
 WALLFREE. A corruption of Walfrid ; from G. wal-frid, 
 powerful protector. Walfridus was the name of a saint, and also 
 of a Count of Lombardy. 
 
 WALLOP. From Wallop, name of two parishes (Nether and 
 Over) co. Hants ; so called, says Camden, from Well-hop, that is, 
 a pretty well in the side of a hill. But see HOPE. 
 
 WALNUT. A U. S. corruption of Woolnoth and the old 
 name Wulfnoth, probably from ulf-neid, zealous in help ; or ulf- 
 noth, needing help. See NOTHARD. 
 
 WALTZ, WALZ. 1. Corrupted from Wallace, Walsh, or 
 Walls. [Walls is the name of parishes of Scotland, cos. Orkney 
 and Shetland.] 2. From Wallis or Valais, a canton of Switzer- 
 land. 3. From Wilz or Wiltz, a town of Dutch Luxemburg, on 
 the Wilz. Waltz, Walz, Voltz are found in Bowditch. 
 
 WAND. From G. wand, a wall. 
 
 WANDER. See WONDER. 
 
 WANE. This name may be the same as Vane, Fane ; from 
 the Gael, beagan, little, W. bechan, bychan, Armor, bihan, Corn. 
 vean. Cf. the Cornish names Vian, Veen. 
 
 WANT. In Essex a provincial word for a cross-road. Want, 
 Wants, and Wantman are found in Bowditch. 
 
 WANTON. A Robertus Lascivus occurs in Domesday ; but 
 this name is rather corrupted from some local name ending in 
 ton. 
 
 WARBOYS. Same as Worboys and the U. S. Worbose 
 (which may some day become Verbose) ; from Verbois, near 
 Rouen. See BOYS. 
 
 WARCUP. From Warcup, a parish in Westmoreland, per- 
 haps compounded of A. S. cop, the head. 
 
 WARDLAW. From Wardlaw, an ancient parish of Scotland, 
 co. Inverness. See LAW. 
 
 WARDROBE. The same as Wardrop, Wardroper, the keeper 
 
 K 
 
130 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 of the wardrobe, an important office in royal and noble house- 
 holds. Thorn' de la Warderobe occurs in H. R. See Lower. 
 
 WARE. From Ware, a market town and parish co. Herts. 
 
 WARMAN. A corruption of Wermund, an ancient name 
 which occurs in the Genealogy of the Kings of Mercia, another 
 orthography of Garman. See GARMENT. 
 
 WARMER. A U. S. corruption of Walmer co. Kent. 
 
 WARN. The same as Warne, Wearne ; from Cornish guernen, 
 an alder-tree. According to Lower, Warne is a curt pronuncia- 
 tion of Warren. 
 
 WARNING. There is a Mount Warning in New South 
 Wales, East Australia ; but this name is doubtless a patronymic 
 of Warn. See WILLING. 
 
 WART. See WORTH. 
 
 WASTE. See VAST. 
 
 WATER, WATERS. Corrupted from the name Walter, 
 Walters. It may also sometimes be from at-the-water. 
 
 WATERHAIR. The same name as Whithair and Whiter. 
 Jamieson renders the word whiter " one who whittles." Ash 
 translates the old verb to whittle, " to make white by cutting, to 
 edge, to sharpen," and says it is retained in the Scotch dialect. 
 The name Waterer may be the same as Waterhair. 
 
 WATERLOW. See LAW. 
 
 WAX. Same as Wex and Wix ; from Wix, a 'parish co. 
 Essex. 
 
 WAYGOOD. From some local name compounded of wood. 
 
 WEAK. Same as Week, q. v. 
 
 WEALTHY. A name found in Lower's Patronymica Bri- 
 tanuica ; perhaps the same as the name Walthew, the last syllable 
 of which may be from deo, diu, a confidant, servant. See SINGLE- 
 DAY. 
 
 \VI:.\TIII:I;WAX, AVITIIKKWAX. A corruption of 
 
 Witherick's. Sec \Vnri T.ISUKAD. 
 
 WEAVING. Formed like Winning, q. v. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 131 
 
 WEBB, WEBBE (II. R. Le Webbe). From A. S. webba, 
 a weaver. Hence Whip. Cf. the names Whipp, Whippy, 
 Whippey, Whippo, Whipple, Whippell, Whippen, Whipping, 
 Wipkin ; the O. G. Wippo, Wippa, Wibi, Wivikin, Wipilo, and 
 the Mod. G. Webe and Wibel. 
 
 WEDD. Same as Weed, q. v. 
 
 WEDLAKE. The last syllable is from leag, a meadow (See 
 LEGG). Ferguson however gives an O. G. Widolaic, which he 
 derives from lac, sport. 
 
 WEDLOCK. The same as Wedlake. 
 
 WEED. There is a Friesic Weda; but Weed is more pro- 
 bably the same as Wade, in H. R. De Wade and De la Wade, 
 and = Ford. 
 
 WEEK, WEEKES, WEEKS. From Week, name of parishes 
 cos. Cornwall, Hants, and Somerset. 
 
 WEEKLY. See LEGG. 
 
 WEINGOTT. The same as the U. S. name Wingood, the 
 inverse of Goodwin or Godwin. 
 
 WELFARE. Corrupted from the old name Wulpher, a per- 
 sonal name in Domesday. Cf. the names Wulfhard, Wulfhere, 
 Wulfred. Wulfhard signifies strong in help (ulf-hardt}. 
 
 WELFITT. This name would corrupt from Wolfhead. It 
 may also be from the German name Wulfhard or Welf hard. See 
 WELFITT. 
 
 WELLBORN, WELBORN, WELLBOURNE, WILL- 
 BOURN. From Welbourn co. Norfolk, Welbourne co. Lin- 
 coln, or Welburn co. York (see SMALLBONE). There is however 
 an Old German Wilbern. 
 
 WELLDONE. The same as Weldon ; from Weldon, name of 
 a parish co. Northampton, and of a hamlet in the same parish. 
 
 WELLHOP. A corruption of Wallop, q. v. 
 
 WESTCOAT, variously Westcott, Wescott, Waiscott. From 
 Westcote, a parish co. Gloucester. But see COAT. 
 
 WESTFALL. The same as Westfield ; from Westfield, name 
 
 K 2 
 
132 LUDUS PATKONYMICUS. 
 
 of parishes cos. Norfolk and Sussex ; and also of several town- 
 ships of the U. S., North America. Westfall and Westfield are 
 both found in Bowditch. 
 
 WHALE. The same as the 0. G. names Walo, Wala, 0. N. 
 Vali ; from G. wale, A. S. weal, walk, a stranger; 0. N. vali, id. 
 The name Wale is traced in Irish records to the fourteenth century. 
 
 WHALEBONE. From some local name ending in 'bourn (See 
 SMALLBONE). Lower says the hundred of Whalesbone co. Sussex 
 is a corruption of Wellsbourne, which had its name from a stream 
 which formerly traversed it. 
 
 WHARF, WHARFF, WHORF. Not from Wharf or 
 Wharfe, the Yorkshire river; but the same as Waugh (some- 
 times pronounced Wharf), a Scottish orthography of wall. It 
 appears that the Waughs held lands at Heip co. Roxburgh from 
 the thirteenth to the seventeenth century. 
 
 WHARM. Same as Wharram ; from Wharram, name of two 
 parishes co. York, East Riding. 
 
 WHATMORE. The same as Watmore, Whitmore, Whitte- 
 more ; from Whitmore or Whittimere, a parish co. Stafford. 
 
 WHEAL. Not from wheal, a pustule ; but from Cornish 
 icheal (huel), a work, i.e. a mine. It may also sometimes be the 
 same as Weale, Weall ; or Veal, Veale, in 0. R. Le Veal, " the 
 calf" (0. Fr.) 
 
 WHEAT. The word wheat is found in composition of several 
 local names. As a surname it may be a corruption of White, or 
 perhaps the same as Witt. 
 
 \\IIEATSHEAF. From some local name compounded of 
 sJtelf, a sand-bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of rocks, render- 
 ing the water shallow and dangerous to ships. 
 
 \\IIEAT3TONE. See WHETSTONE. 
 
 WIII.LL. The same as Wheal. 
 
 WHEELOCK. 1. From Wheelock, name of townships co. 
 Chester, and in Vermont, N. E. Montpelier. 2. Same as Whel- 
 lock, Whelock, Wellock, Willock ; from Will, William. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 133 
 
 WHELPS, WELP. From Guelf, a German corruption of 
 Wolf, Wulf ; from wolf, a wolf. 
 
 WHERRY. Probably another orthography of Very, q. v. 
 
 WHETHER. Bowditch says, among the arrivals in Boston 
 October 19th, 1860, is that of Mr. Whether, of Haverhill. A cor- 
 ruption of the name Wether, found in Wethersfield or Wether- 
 field, a parish co. Essex. See MERRYWEATHER. 
 
 WHETSTONE. From Whetstone, name of places in cos. 
 Derby, Leicester, and Middlesex. Hence, by corruption, Wheat- 
 stone. See SMALSTONE. 
 
 WHILE. From While, a parish of England, co. Hereford. 
 
 WHIMPER. Same as the U. S. Whymper and Winpress, 
 and the English names Wimperis, Winepress ; from Winibert, 
 Winiberts = illustrious in war. 
 
 WHIP. See WEBB. 
 WHIPPING. See WEBB. 
 
 WHIRLPENNY. See PENNY. 
 
 WHISKER. The same as Wiskar, Wisker, the ancient 
 names Wisgar, Wiscar, and 0. G. Wiscard, Viscard ; corrupted 
 from Visigardus, which Wachter renders hortus belli Ducum. 
 Visigardus was the name of a daughter of Theodebert, king of the 
 Franks, wife of Gregory of Tours. 
 
 WHIST. This name may be the same as Wish, Whish, 
 which Ferguson makes to correspond with the 0. N. Osk, and 
 the G. Wunsch. He says Osk, Wunsch, and Wish represent 
 respectively the Scandinavian, the H. G., and the L. G. forms 
 of Oski, a title of Odin. It is however more probably a cor- 
 ruption of the name West. Cf. the local names Wiston, Wistow, 
 Whiston, Whistons, Whistley, in all which the first syllable is 
 doubtless derived from " west." 
 
 WHITE. This name may not always be from fairness of com- 
 plexion (A. S. hwit] ; but, as Mr. Akerman suggests, it may some- 
 times be from A. S. hwita, a sharpener, swordsmith, or armourer. 
 White is the name of several counties of the U. S., North America. 
 
134 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 WHITEBOON. Same as Whitbourne ; from Whitbourne, a 
 parish co. Hereford ; Whitburn, a parish co. Durham ; or Whit- 
 burn or Whiteburn, a parish of Scotland, co Linlithgow. 
 
 WHITEBREAD. The same as Whitbread; corrupted from 
 the ancient name Whitberht, which might translate " very distin- 
 guished." 
 
 WHITECAR. Same as Whitaker or Whittaker ; from Whit- 
 acre, name of two parishes co. Warwick ; or same as Wihtgar, 
 name of the nephew of Cerdic, king of the West Saxons, which 
 Ferguson derives from wiht, a man or a warrior. 
 
 WHITEFOOT. Same as Whiteford (and perhaps Whitford), 
 said to be from Whitefoord co. Renfrew, Scotland. Whiteford is 
 the name of a parish of North Wales, co. Flint. But see HAZLE- 
 
 FOOT. 
 
 WHITEGTFT. Same as Whitgift ; from Whitgift, a parish 
 co. York, West Riding. 
 
 WHITEHEAT. A U. S. corruption of Whitehead. 
 
 WH1TEHORSE. Corrupted from Whitehouse ; from White- 
 house, a village in the parish of Tough, co. Aberdeen. There is 
 also Whitehouse Abbey, a village of Ireland, Ulster. 
 
 WHITEKIND. The name of one of the principal chiefs of the 
 Saxons in their war against Charlemagne. Some render it " white 
 child ;' ; but it was originally written Witikindus, which would 
 translate, " very celebrated or known." We have still a Witte- 
 kind. 
 
 \V 1 1 ITEL AW. See WHITLOW. 
 
 WIIITELEGG. The same as Whiteley, Whitely, Whittley, 
 Whitlie, Whitley ; from Whitley, name of places in cos. Berks, 
 Chester, Northumberland, Salop, Somerset, and York ; from A. S. 
 hwit-leay, the white meadow. But see LEGO. 
 
 WIIITELOCK, variously Whitelocke, Whitlock. See LEGG. 
 
 WIIITMLY. See WHITKLI-CJO and Li- 
 
 Will T I : 1 1< ) 1 ). See WHITE-THREAD. 
 See SIDE. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 135 
 
 WHITETHREAD. A name found in Lower's Appendix. 
 Same as Whiterod, from some such 0. G. name as Withred ; from 
 weit-rat, distinguished counsellor. Cf. the name Witherick, and 
 the O G. Widerich. 
 
 WHITING. From A. S. hwit-ing, the white meadow. But 
 see WILLING. 
 
 WHITLOW, WHITELOW. From A. S. hwit-lilaw, the 
 white heap, barrow, or small hill. See LAW. The inflammation 
 called whitlow is said to be derived from hwtt-low, a white flame. 
 
 WHITTLE, WITTLE. Not from the small pocket-knife 
 (A. S. hwitel, hwitle)j but from Whittle, name of several town- 
 ships of England, in cos. Derby, Lancaster, and Northumberland ; 
 corrupted from Whitley. See WHITELEGG. 
 
 WHY. A name found in the Registrar-General's List. It 
 seems to be corrupted from Wy, Gui, Guy (whence Wyat, Wyatt, 
 Wyot, Wiatt, Guyot, Guiot, Wyon, Guyon, Wiart) ; formed from 
 William. 
 
 WICK. From Wick, name of places cos. Caithness, Gloucester, 
 and Somerset ; from wic, wick, a village, from A. S. wic, wye. 
 Wick, Wicke, Wickes, Wicks, are found as surnames. 
 
 WICKWIRE. A U. S. name. Same as the English name 
 Wickwar ; from Wickwar co. Gloucester. 
 
 WIDOWS. Same as Widowson ; from the 0. G. name Widow. 
 Lower renders Widowson, the son of Guido or Wido, a Norman 
 personal name ; and he says that at the time of the great Survey, 
 William Filius Widonis, literally " William Wido's son," was a 
 tenant-in-chief in the counties of Wilts, Gloucester, and Somerset. 
 
 WIFE, WIFFE. Same as Wiffer, Wefer, Wafer, all found in 
 Bowditch. See WAFER. 
 
 WIG. SeeWiGG. 
 
 WIGFALL. From some local name ending in mile, 
 
 WIGG, WIGGS. 1. From 0. G. wig, strong, warlike, a 
 soldier, &c. ; A. S. wig war, wiga warrior ; 0. N. vig war, vigr 
 warlike. Wig, says Lower, occurs in the ancestry of Cerdic, 
 
136 LUDUS PATRON YMICUS. 
 
 king of the West Saxons ; and Wiga is found in the Domesday of 
 Yorkshire. 2. Same as Wick, Wicks, q. v. 
 
 WILDBORE. Same as Wilboar, Wilbor, Wilbur, Wilber, Wil- 
 bar, all found as U. S. names ; from Wilbert = very illustrious. 
 
 WILDGOOSE. The same as Wilgoss, Willgoss, the 0. G. 
 Willigis and Wilg-is, and the A. S. Wilgis, a name which occurs 
 in the genealogy of the Northumbrian kings. It might translate 
 very warlike, or very strong, from fil, much, full ; gais, a spear; 
 from the Gael, gais, geis, a weapon peculiar to the old Gauls, 
 whence the L. gcesum, Gr. yato-os, a weapon ; Gael, gaisge, valor ; 
 gaisgeach, a hero. 
 
 WILKS. From Wilkins, a patronymic of Will, for William. 
 
 WILKSHIRE. A corruption of Wiltshire. 
 
 WILL. From William. 
 
 WILLING. 1. A corruption of Willan, a diminutive of Will, 
 for William. 2. A patronymic of Will, or compounded of ing, 
 a meadow. Cf. the names Bedding, Billing, Browning, Bunting, 
 Chatting, Cutting, Dining, Dowsing, Dunning, Fanning, Hemming, 
 Living, Manning, Spilling, Tapping, Tilling, Topping, Whiting. 
 See also WINNING. 
 
 WILT. A corruption of Willet. See QUILT. 
 
 WILY. From Wily, a parish co. Wilts. Wiley, Wilye, 
 Wyllie, Wyleigh are found as surnames. 
 
 WIMBLE. Perhaps the same as Whimple, from Whimple, a 
 parish co. Devon ; or a corruption of the name Winibald. Cf. the 
 local names Wimbledon and Wimpole. 
 
 WINBOLT. From some local name compounded of bolt. See 
 BOTTLE. 
 
 WINCH. 1. From Vincent. Hence doubtless the name 
 Finch. 2. From Winch, name of two parishes (East and West) 
 co. Norfolk. 
 
 WINDARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 WINDOW, W1NDOWE. Ferguson gives an O. G. Windo, 
 which Forstemann refers to the name of the people, the Wends. 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 137 
 
 These names may however be from locality, perhaps from some 
 such name as Windhaugh or Windhow. There is a place in 
 Russia called Windau or Vindau. 
 
 WINDUST. For Windus; perhaps originally Windhurst. 
 Cf. Lindus, from Lyndhurst. 
 
 WINE. From 0. G. win, which signifies not only a friend and 
 beloved, but also war. Wachter renders Winipreht, "amicus 
 clarus ;" Winfridus, " defensor amicorum ;" Truotwin, " fidelis 
 amicus." Hence the names Sauerwein, Sourwine, Lightwine, 
 Winehart, Winegar. See VINEGAR. 
 
 WINEHART. See WINE. 
 
 WINEMAN. The same as Winmen and Winemen, Cod. Dip. 
 No. 853 ; from 0. G. win-mund, which would translate both a pro- 
 tector in war and a warrior. 
 
 WINEPRESS. See WHIMPER. 
 
 WINFARTHING. From Winfarthing co. Norfolk. 
 
 WING. From WING or Winge, a parish co. Bucks; or 
 Wing, a parish co. Rutland. 
 
 WINGOOD. The same as Winwood ; from some local name 
 compounded of wood. 
 
 WINKLE. The same as Wincle; from Wincle, a township 
 and chapelry co. Chester; or from Winkel in the Duchy of 
 Nassau; from A. S. wincel, G. winkle, a corner (D. winJcel, a 
 shop, workshop, or laboratory). Cf. the surnames Wincles, 
 Aldwincle, Bullwincle, Dallwinkle, Gansewinkel (goose), Schop- 
 winkel. 
 
 WINLOCK. From Wenlock co. Salop. See LEGG. 
 
 WINNING. From some local name ending in ing, a meadow. 
 Cf. the names Goring, Grayling, Healing, Jutting, Nutting, 
 Salting, Selling, Shilling, Spiking, Stebbing, Tarring-, Tinkling, 
 Tipping, Turning. See also WILLING. 
 
 WINPENNY. See PENNY. 
 
 WINSHIP. The termination ship in many names is a cor- 
 ruption of lordship. 
 
138 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 WINSHOT. From some local name compounded of holt, or 
 the D. Jwut (see RUSIIOUT). Winschoten is the name of a town 
 of the Netherlands. 
 
 WINSLOW. From Winslow, a parish and market town co. 
 Bucks ; or Winslow, a township co. Hereford. But see ONSLOW 
 and LAW. 
 
 WINTER. Winter was the name of one of the companions of 
 the Anglo-Saxon Hereward, and Winter and Sommer are both 
 German and modern Danish names. Ferguson thinks Summer 
 and Winter derived from the personification of these seasons in 
 Northern mythology. Others derive Summer and Winter from 
 Sumner and Vintner, and there is the name Vinter. 
 
 WINTERBORN, WINTERBOURNE. From Winterbourn, 
 name of many places in cos. Dorset, Gloucester, and Wilts. 
 
 WINTERBOTTOM. See BOTTOM 
 
 WIPER. See VIPER. 
 
 WIRE, WIRES. The same as Weir, said to be the same as 
 De Vere, considered to be of Norman origin ; from the parish 
 and chateau of Ver, dep. La Manche; by others thought from 
 Veer, a town of the Netherlands, prov. Zeeland, on the coast 
 of the island Walcheren. 
 
 WISDOM. From Wisdom in the parish of Cornwood co. 
 Devon. " Matthew Hele, of Holwell co. Devon, was high sheriff 
 of the county the year of Charles the Second's Restoration, 1660, 
 and so numerous and influential were the family that he was 
 enabled to assemble a grand jury all of his own name and blood, 
 gentlemen of estate and quality, which made the judge observe, 
 when he heard Hele of Wisdom, Esq., called a gentill seat in 
 the parish of Cornwood * that he thought they must all be de- 
 scended from Wisdom, in that they had acquired such consider- 
 able fortunes/ " Burke'g Ext. Barts. 
 
 WITCH. A corruption of the name Wich, Wiche, Wyche. 
 It has been considered that, as the vocable ///>// enters into com- 
 position of names of places where salt is found, as in Droitwich, 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 139 
 
 Nantwich, Northwich, that it must mean a salt-mine. It comes 
 from wic, wick, a village. See WICK. 
 
 WITCRAFT. Same as Whitcraft, Withcraft, Wheatcroft, 
 which explains itself. But see CRAFT. 
 
 WITH. According- to some, with signifies a forest or wood, 
 from 0. N. vidr, Goth, vidus; according to others it is corrupted 
 from worth, q. v. With, wath are often met with in composition 
 of local names, as Langwith, Darwath. Whit. Craven (422) 
 renders with, wath, a fold. The W. gwydd is trees, and gwyth a 
 channel, drain. Ferguson gives With as a Mod. G. name, which 
 he connects with an 0. G. Wido. 
 
 WITHCRAFT. See WITCRAFT. 
 
 WITT. The Domesday Wit, Uuit, Uite. The same as 
 White. 
 
 WITTY, WHITTY. Ferguson considers Whitty as a diminu- 
 tive of White. Lower says in ancient times witty meant clever, 
 sagacious. Vitte, Vitte are found as French surnames. 
 
 WONDER. This and Wunder and Wander are found in 
 Bowditch, and Wonders occurs in the Registrar-General's List. 
 These names are probably of German origin. Wandersleben is 
 the appellation of a market town in Prussian Saxony, and is also 
 a surname ; and Wander is the name of a celebrated German 
 author. There is also a village and commune of Belgium, prov. 
 Liege, named Wandre. 
 
 WOODCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 WOODCRAFT. Same as Woodcroft. See CRAFT. 
 
 WOODEN, WOODIN. This name has been connected with 
 Odin or Woden. It is more probably derived from Wooden, in 
 the parish of Kelso, co. Roxburgh. 
 
 WOODFALL. From Woodfall, a hamlet in South Wilts ; a 
 corruption of Woodville. See GOODWILL. 
 
 WOODFINE. Same as the Lincolnshire name Woodbine ; or 
 a corruption of Goodwine, Goodwin, q. v. 
 
 WOODFULL. Same as Woodfall, q. v. 
 
140 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 WOODHEAD. From Woodhead, a chapelry co. Chester. 
 
 WOODNOT. Probably from some local name compounded of 
 knot, a cluster. 
 
 WOODNUTT. The same as Woodnot, q. v. 
 
 WOODROUGH. The same as Woodroff, Woodroffe, Wood- 
 rooffe, Woodroofs, Woodruff, Woodruffe, Woodriff, Woodrove, 
 Woodrow ; from wood-reeve, i. e. a wood or forest bailiff. 
 
 WOODROVE. See WOODROUGH. 
 
 WOOF. A corruption of Wolf, Wolff, Woolf, Woolfe ; or 
 from the 0. G. Uffo, Offo, and Uffa or Wuffa, name of a king of 
 East Anglia. Hence no doubt the name Hoof. 
 
 WOOL, WOOLL. 1. A corruption of Will, for William. 2. 
 From Wool, a parish of England, co. Dorset. " About Langport, 
 co. Somerset, are persons of the labouring class who are com- 
 monly called Wooll, but they say that their real old name is 
 Attwooll, probably a corruption of At-Wold. Inform. W. B. 
 Paul, Esq." (Lower). 
 
 WOOLARD, WOOLLARD. See HAZARD. 
 
 WOOLCOCK. See COCK. 
 
 WOOLFORD. From Woolford, a parish and a township co. 
 Warwick, doubtless named from some stream called the Wool ; 
 from o/, al, frequently found in local names, and signifying 
 " water." Woolford may also sometimes be corrupted from the 
 old German name Waldfrid. 
 
 WOOLY. The same as Wooley, Woolley ; from Wooley, a 
 chapelry in the parish of Royston co. York, North Riding ; or 
 Woolley, a parish co. Huntingdon. Lower says Woolley, 
 Wooley was anciently written Wolflege and Wolveley, f. e. 
 Anglo-Saxonice" ' wulfes-leagj a district abounding in wolves, the 
 name of many localities in Saxon times. See also LEGO. 
 
 WORD, WORDE. From Worth or Word, a parish co. Kent. 
 
 \Vni; K NOT. Derived like Woodnot, q. v. 
 
 WOULD. Corrupted from the 0. G. name Worald ; from 
 wer-alt, which will translate both "noble man" and "noble 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 141 
 
 in battle." Worldham is the name of two parishes co. 
 Hants. 
 
 WORM. Perhaps the same as Wharm, q. v. 
 
 WORMS. This name has been derived from A. S. wurm, Eng. 
 worm, a serpent ; 0. N. ormr, Dan. orm, whence it is said we 
 have Orme. It is rather from Worms, the celebrated German 
 city. 
 
 WORN. Perhaps the same as Warn, q. v. 
 
 WORST, WORST. Most probably the same as the D. name 
 Van Voorst ; from vorst, a prince ; or from Vorst, a village of 
 Rhenish Prussia. 
 
 WORT. See WORTH. 
 
 WORTH, WORTHY. These names are from A. S. worth, 
 worthig, weorthig, wurthig, a field, portion of land, a farm, manor, 
 an estate, also a street, public way (vicus, platea). Wort is the 
 name of parishes cos. Kent and Dorset. Hence doubtless the 
 names Wart, Wort, Warts, Worts, and the compound names 
 Foxworth, Larkworthy, &c. 
 
 WORTHMAN, WORTMAN. This name may mean the 
 keeper of a farm or manor. See WORTH. 
 
 WORTHY. See WORTH. 
 
 WORTHYLAKE. From Wortley, name of a township and of 
 a chapelry co. York, West Riding. See LEGO. 
 
 WOULD. Same as the name Wold, which Lower renders an 
 unwooded hill. 
 
 WOULDHAVE. The name of a boat-builder on the banks of 
 the Tyne in 1790 (Lond. Quar. Rev., July, 1858). This name is 
 also found written Woodhave, and is doubtless from some local 
 name compounded of wood and haw, Jiaugh, enclosed land, a small 
 field ; in Chaucer, a dale ; from A. S. haga, hag en, a hay, hedge, 
 meadow. Woodhay is the name of parishes cos. Berks and 
 Hants. 
 
 WREN. From Rheims or Reims, a city of France, dep. 
 Marne ; or Rennes dep. Ille-et-Vilaine. But see RAIN. 
 
142 LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 
 
 WRENCH. This name is said to be a corruption of Oleren- 
 shaw, which first became Renshaw, and then Rench and Wrench. 
 See Lower, quoting Rev. J. Eastwood. It may sometimes be 
 from a different source, being found in H. R. without prefix. 
 
 WRINKLE. From some local name (perhaps Ringley co. 
 Lancaster) ending in ley. Cf. Acle for Acley, " oak ley," &c. 
 
 WRITE. Same as Wright. 
 
 WYNDEBEARD. A Dr. Wyndebeard was buried in West- 
 minster Abbey. This name is without doubt a corruption of the 
 0. G. Winbert ; from win-bert, illustrious warrior. Cf. the names 
 Winibald, Winiram, &c. 
 
 Y. 
 
 YEA. The same as the ancient Devonshire family Yeo, which 
 C. S. Gilbert derives from Tre-yeo, in the parish of Lancells. 
 Yeo is probably corrupted from Hugh. See You. 
 
 YEARLY. From some local name compounded of ley. See 
 LEGG. 
 
 YELL. Perhaps from Yell, name of one of the Shetland 
 Isles. 
 
 YELLOW. This name is probably the same as Jolley, 
 Jolly, Joly, Jelley, Jelly, Jelliff, Joliffe, Jolliffe, Jolliff, Iliff, 
 Iliffe, Eylif, Jelf, Yelf, Ayliffe, Ayliff, Auliffe, Ayloffe, Aylove, 
 Aloph, Aloof; all doubtless corrupted from Adolphus. I am con- 
 firmed in this last by Wright (in his History of Essex, vol. ii. 
 443, note), who says, " The ancient Saxon family of Ayloffe was 
 seated in Bocton or Boughton parish, hundred of Eythorne, near 
 the Wye, in Kent, of which town they were possessors in the 
 time of Henry the Third. The name Aloph was given to this 
 town from having been anciently under the jurisdiction of 
 Adolphus." 
 
LUDUS PATRONYMICUS. 143 
 
 YESTERDAY. See SINGLEDAY. Yester is found as the 
 name of a parish co. Haddington. 
 
 YIELDING, YEILDING. From Yielden, a parish co. Beds. 
 
 YOU. A corruption of Hugh ; from the D. hoog, tall. Hence 
 probably the names Yoh, Yoe, Yeo, Yew, Yaw. 
 
 YOUNGLOVE. See LAW. 
 
 YOUNGMAY. See MAY. 
 
 z. 
 
 ZEAL. From Zeal-Monachorum, a parish co. Devon ; from 
 L. cella, Gael, till, a burying-ground, cell, chapel, grave ; in local 
 names in Ireland and Scotland, kill. Ml. 
 
A SELECT LIST 
 
 PECULIAR STJENAMES.* 
 
 
 Alecock. 
 
 Alman. 
 
 Anchor. 
 
 A. 
 
 Alefounder. 
 
 Almond. 
 
 And. 
 
 
 Alehouse. 
 
 Alms. 
 
 Anders. 
 
 Able. 
 
 Aleman. 
 
 Aloe. 
 
 Angel. 
 
 Ablewhite. 
 
 Ales. 
 
 Alone. 
 
 Anger. 
 
 About. 
 
 Alfoot. 
 
 Aloof. 
 
 Angle. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Allbee. 
 
 Alp. 
 
 Anguish. 
 
 Achates. 
 
 Allblaster. 
 
 Alpenny. 
 
 Annis. 
 
 Ache. 
 
 Allbones. 
 
 Alpha. 
 
 Anser. 
 
 Achilles. 
 
 Allbright. 
 
 Alshop. 
 
 Antcliffe. 
 
 Acorn. 
 
 Allcard. 
 
 Alsobrook. 
 
 Ante. 
 
 Addlehead. 
 
 Allcock. 
 
 Alsop. 
 
 Antill. 
 
 Adwers. 
 
 Allcorn. 
 
 Alter. 
 
 Antler. 
 
 Agate. 
 
 Allengame. 
 
 Alway. 
 
 Anvil. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Alley. 
 
 Always. 
 
 Ape. 
 
 Agent. 
 
 Allfree. 
 
 Alwell. 
 
 Apedaile. 
 
 Agin. 
 
 Allgood. 
 
 Alwin. 
 
 Apple. 
 
 Ague. 
 
 Ailman. 
 
 Amber. 
 
 Applebee. 
 
 A gutter. 
 
 Allnut. 
 
 Ambers. 
 
 Applegate. 
 
 Ahem. 
 
 Allpenny. 
 
 Amblemau. 
 
 Applejohn. 
 
 Ailman. 
 
 Allport. 
 
 Ambler. 
 
 Appleman. 
 
 Air. 
 
 Allpress. 
 
 Ambush. 
 
 Apostles. 
 
 Airy. 
 
 Allso. 
 
 Amen. 
 
 Aram. 
 
 Akid. 
 
 Allsupt. 
 
 Amend. 
 
 Arblaster. 
 
 Akin. 
 
 Alltrew. 
 
 Amiss. 
 
 Arbuckle. 
 
 Akyng. 
 
 Allward. 
 
 Ammon. 
 
 Arch. 
 
 Alabaster. 
 
 Allwater. 
 
 Amor. 
 
 Archbold. 
 
 Aldwine. 
 
 All wright. 
 
 Amour. 
 
 Archever. 
 
 Ale. 
 
 Aim. 
 
 Ampleman. 
 
 Ardent. 
 
 * Compiled from the Registrar-General's List, Bowditch's Suffolk 
 (America) Surnames, Lower's Patronymica Britannica, &c. &c. 
 
146 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Areskin. 
 
 Aub. 
 
 Bagley. 
 
 Barebones. 
 
 Argue. 
 
 Auger. 
 
 Bagshaw. 
 
 Barefoot. 
 
 Argument. 
 
 Augur. 
 
 Bagwell. 
 
 Barehard. 
 
 Aries. 
 
 Augurs. 
 
 Bail. 
 
 Barehead. 
 
 Arm. 
 
 Avant, 
 
 Baird. 
 
 Barge. 
 
 Arms. 
 
 Avis. 
 
 Bairnsfather. 
 
 Bargy. 
 
 Armour. 
 
 Awe. 
 
 Bakanas. 
 
 Bark. 
 
 Arrand. 
 
 Awkward. 
 
 Bake. 
 
 Barker. 
 
 Arrow. Awl. 
 
 Bakeover. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Art. 
 
 Axe. 
 
 Bakewell. 
 
 Barlicorn. 
 
 Artery. 
 
 Axel. 
 
 Balaam. 
 
 Barnacle. 
 
 Artist. 
 
 AxmaD. 
 
 Bald. 
 
 Barndollar. 
 
 Asbone. 
 
 Axup. 
 
 Baldhead. 
 
 Barnfather. 
 
 Ascough. 
 
 Ayde. 
 
 Baldry. 
 
 Bar- quarrel. 
 
 Ash. 
 
 
 Baldgrave. 
 
 Barrable. 
 
 Ashbee. 
 
 
 Bale. 
 
 Barrell. 
 
 Ashbolt. 
 
 
 Bales. 
 
 Barren. 
 
 Ashenbottom. 
 
 . 
 
 Balk. 
 
 Barringdollar. 
 
 Ashconner. 
 
 
 Balkwill. 
 
 Barrow. 
 
 AshcrafL 
 
 Baa. 
 
 Ball. 
 
 Barrows. 
 
 Ashes. 
 
 Bab. 
 
 Ballance. 
 
 Barter. 
 
 Ashforth. 
 
 Babb. 
 
 Ballasty. 
 
 Barters. 
 
 Ashman. 
 
 Babcock. 
 
 Ballingall. 
 
 Barwig. 
 
 Ashpart. 
 
 Babel. 
 
 Ballman. 
 
 Base. 
 
 Ashplant. 
 
 Babler. 
 
 Balls. 
 
 Basin. 
 
 Ashpole. 
 
 Baby. 
 
 Balm. 
 
 Bask. 
 
 Ashport. 
 
 Bacchus. 
 
 Balsam. 
 
 Basket. 
 
 Ashwin. 
 
 Back. 
 
 Baltic. 
 
 Bastard. 
 
 Ask. 
 
 Backer. 
 
 Banchor. 
 
 Batch. 
 
 Asker. 
 
 Backerman. 
 
 Band. 
 
 Batchelor. 
 
 Askew. 
 
 Backman. 
 
 Bandy. 
 
 Bate. 
 
 Askin. 
 
 I'.siekoff. 
 
 Bane. 
 
 Bathcake. 
 
 Ashkettle. 
 
 Backshell. 
 
 Banes. 
 
 Batman. 
 
 Aslock. 
 
 Backup. 
 
 Bang. 
 
 Bathomeal. 
 
 Asp. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Banger. 
 
 Batt. 
 
 Aspen. 
 
 Bad. 
 
 Bangs. 
 
 Batten. 
 
 Aspland. 
 
 Badcock. 
 
 Banish. 
 
 Batter. 
 
 Ass. 
 
 Bad gent. 
 
 Banner. 
 
 Batterbury. 
 
 Assman. 
 
 Badger. 
 
 Bans. 
 
 Batterman. 
 
 A strap. 
 
 I- I'lliam. 
 
 P:mtam. 
 
 Batterton. 
 
 Astray. 
 
 Badlam. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Battery. 
 
 Atcock. 
 
 Badland. 
 
 Ilarliary. 
 
 I5at ting. 
 
 Atk-v. 
 
 l>a<lman. 
 
 Uarrave. 
 
 Battle. 
 
 Atkiss. 
 
 
 Barclay. 
 
 Battles. 
 
 Attack. 
 
 Bam. 
 
 Bard. 
 
 T.awler. 
 
 Atwill. 
 
 Bagless. 
 
 Bare. 
 
 Baxtux. 
 
PECULIAR SURNAMES. 
 
 147 
 
 Bay, 
 
 Bibbler. 
 
 Blaze. 
 
 Bolster, 
 
 Beach, 
 
 Bible. 
 
 Bleach, 
 
 Bolt. 
 
 Beacon, 
 
 Bidder. 
 
 Bleak. 
 
 Bolter, 
 
 Beadle. 
 
 Biddy. 
 
 Blear. 
 
 Bond. 
 
 Beads. 
 
 Bidwell. 
 
 Bless. 
 
 Bone. 
 
 Beagle. 
 
 Biffin. 
 
 Blest. 
 
 Bones. 
 
 Beak. 
 
 Biggerstaff, 
 
 Blew. 
 
 Bonfellow. 
 
 Beam.; 
 
 Bigod. 
 
 Blight. 
 
 Bonnechose, 
 
 Beams. 
 Bean. 
 
 Bigot. 
 Bilke. 
 
 Blind. 
 Blinker. 
 
 Bonnemot. 
 Bonnet. 
 
 Bear. 
 
 Bill. 
 
 Bliss. 
 
 Bonny. 
 
 Bearblock. 
 
 Billet. 
 
 Blithe. 
 
 Bonus. 
 
 Beard. 
 
 Billiard. 
 
 Block. 
 
 Boobyer. 
 
 Beardmaru 
 
 Billman. 
 
 Blood. 
 
 Boocock, 
 
 Beatman. 
 
 Billow. 
 
 Bloodgood. 
 
 Book. 
 
 Beau. 
 
 Bills. 
 
 Bloodworth. 
 
 Booker. 
 
 Beaver. 
 
 Bin. 
 
 Bloom. 
 
 Bookstore, 
 
 Bedbug. 
 
 Binder. 
 
 Bloomer. 
 
 Boom. 
 
 Bedgood. 
 
 Bindloose, 
 
 Bloomy. 
 
 Boon. 
 
 Bedlock. 
 
 Birchard. 
 
 Blossom. 
 
 Boor. 
 
 Bedwell. 
 
 Bird. 
 
 Blot. 
 
 Boot. 
 
 Bee. 
 
 Birds. 
 
 Blow. 
 
 Bootman, 
 
 Beech. 
 
 Birdseye, 
 
 Blower. 
 
 Boots. 
 
 Been. 
 
 Births, 
 
 Blue. 
 
 Booty. 
 
 Beer. 
 
 Bishop. 
 
 Blues. 
 
 Bore. 
 
 Beet. 
 
 Bitch. 
 
 Blueman. 
 
 Born. 
 
 Beetle. 
 
 Bitter. 
 
 Blunder. 
 
 Borrow, 
 
 Begin. 
 
 Bitters. 
 
 Blunt. 
 
 Bos. 
 
 Belch. 
 
 Bitterwolf. 
 
 Blush, 
 
 Bosh. 
 
 Bell. 
 
 Blackadder. 
 
 Board. 
 
 Bosom. 
 
 Bellaw. 
 
 Blackamore. 
 
 Boardwine. 
 
 Bosquet, 
 
 Bellows. 
 
 Blackbird. 
 
 Boat. 
 
 Boss. 
 
 Belt. 
 
 Blacklaw. 
 
 Boatman. 
 
 Botfish. 
 
 Benbow. 
 
 Blackleak. 
 
 Bobbin. 
 
 Both. 
 
 Bench. 
 
 Blacklock. 
 
 Bobby. 
 
 Bottle. 
 
 Bend. 
 
 Blackman. 
 
 Bocock. 
 
 Bottles. 
 
 Bender. 
 
 Blackmonster. 
 
 Bodtish. 
 
 Bottom. 
 
 Bending. 
 
 Blackstaff. 
 
 Bodily. 
 
 Boucock. 
 
 Benison. 
 
 Blade. 
 
 Bodkin. 
 
 Bough. 
 
 Bentwright. 
 
 Blague. 
 
 Body. 
 
 Boughtwhore, 
 
 Besom. 
 
 Blank. 
 
 Bogg. 
 
 Boulder. 
 
 Best. 
 
 Blankenship. 
 
 Bogy. 
 
 Bouncer. 
 
 Betty. 
 
 Blanket. 
 
 Boil. 
 
 Bound. 
 
 Bias. 
 
 Blankman. 
 
 Boils. 
 
 Bounty. 
 
 Bibb. 
 
 Blare. 
 
 Boisson. 
 
 Bouquet. 
 
 Bibber. 
 
 Blast 
 
 Bold, 
 
 Bow. 
 
 L 2 
 
148 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Bowel. 
 
 Brim. 
 
 Bullwinkle. 
 
 Calvary. 
 
 Bowels. 
 
 Brimmer. 
 
 Bultitude. 
 
 Came. 
 
 Bower. 
 
 Brine. 
 
 Bumside. 
 
 Camel. 
 
 Bowl. 
 
 Brink. 
 
 Bun. 
 
 Camomile. 
 
 Bowling. 
 
 Brisk. 
 
 Bunch. 
 
 Can. 
 
 Box. 
 
 Brittle. 
 
 Bundle. 
 
 Candell. 
 
 Boxer. 
 
 Broach. 
 
 Bunflower. 
 
 Candor. 
 
 Boy. 
 
 Broadbelt. 
 
 Burden. 
 
 Cannon. 
 
 Boys. 
 
 Broadfoot. 
 
 Burke. 
 
 Cannot. 
 
 Brace. 
 
 Broadhead. 
 
 Burlingame. 
 
 Cant. 
 
 Bragg. 
 
 Broom. 
 
 Burn. 
 
 Canter. 
 
 Braid. 
 
 Brother. 
 
 Burnish. 
 
 Cantwell. 
 
 Brain. 
 
 Brow. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Cap. 
 
 Brains. 
 
 Brownbill. 
 
 Bushel. 
 
 Cape. 
 
 Brake. 
 
 Brownjohn. 
 
 Buskin. 
 
 Capes. 
 
 Bramble. 
 
 Brownsword. 
 
 Buss. 
 
 Capon. 
 
 Bran. 
 
 Bruin. 
 
 Butt. 
 
 Capp. 
 
 Branch. 
 
 Bruise. 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Caps. 
 
 Branchflower. 
 
 Brunt. 
 
 Butterfield. 
 
 Capstick. 
 
 Brand. 
 
 Brush. 
 
 Butterfly. 
 
 Caravan. 
 
 Brandish. 
 
 Bub. 
 
 Butters. 
 
 Card. 
 
 Brandy. 
 
 Buck. 
 
 Buttery. 
 
 Care. 
 
 Brass. 
 
 Buckett. 
 
 Button. 
 
 Careless. 
 
 Brassbridge. 
 
 Buckle. 
 
 Buzzard. 
 
 Caress. 
 
 Bratt. 
 
 Buckles. 
 
 Buzzy. 
 
 Caret. 
 
 Bravo. 
 
 Buckthought. 
 
 By. 
 
 Cargo. 
 
 Brawn. 
 
 Bud. 
 
 Bye. 
 
 Carp. 
 
 Bray. 
 
 Budge. 
 
 Bygod. 
 
 Carriage. 
 
 Bread. 
 
 Buff. 
 
 
 Carrier. 
 
 Breake. 
 
 Buffet. 
 
 
 Carrott. 
 
 Breaker. 
 
 Bugbee. 
 
 
 Cart. 
 
 Breakspear. 
 
 Bugbird. 
 
 . 
 
 Carve. 
 
 Breakwell. 
 
 Bugg. 
 
 
 Carver. 
 
 Bream. 
 
 Buggin. 
 
 Cabbage. 
 
 Case. 
 
 Bredcake. 
 
 Buggy. 
 
 Cable. 
 
 Cash. 
 
 Breed. 
 
 Buglehorne. 
 
 Cad. 
 
 Cashdollar. 
 
 Breeding. 
 
 Bulcock. 
 
 Caddy. 
 
 ( 'ashman. 
 
 Breeze. 
 
 Bulflower. 
 
 Caffre. 
 
 Cashmere. 
 
 Briars. 
 
 Bulk. 
 
 Cage. 
 
 Cast. 
 
 Brick. 
 
 Bulky. 
 
 Cain. 
 
 Castor. 
 
 Bridal. 
 
 Boll 
 
 Cake. 
 
 Cat. 
 
 Bride. 
 
 Bulled. 
 
 Cakebread. 
 
 Catchaside. 
 
 Bridecake. 
 
 Bullet. 
 
 Calf. 
 
 Catchasides. 
 
 Bridle, 
 
 Boiler. 
 
 Call. 
 
 Catchlove. 
 
 Bright. 
 
 Bollock. 
 
 Callard. 
 
 Catchpole. 
 
 Brightman. 
 
 Bullpit. 
 
 Callman. 
 
 Gate. 
 
PECULIAR SURNAMES. 
 
 149 
 
 Gates. 
 
 Cheers. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Comer. 
 
 Catharine. 
 
 Chess. 
 
 Claypole. 
 
 Comet. 
 
 Cato. 
 
 Cheese. 
 
 Clean. 
 
 Comfort. 
 
 Cats. 
 
 Cheeseman. 
 
 Clear. 
 
 Comly. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Cheesewright. 
 
 Cleave. 
 
 Commander. 
 
 Caudle. 
 
 Chequer. 
 
 Cleverly. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Caught. 
 
 Cherry. 
 
 Cliff. ' 
 
 Commons. 
 
 Caul. 
 
 Cherryman. 
 
 Clink. 
 
 Concete. 
 
 Caulk. 
 
 Chesnut. 
 
 Clinker. 
 
 Conduit. 
 
 Caulking. 
 
 Chessman. 
 
 Clipp. 
 
 Cone. 
 
 Cause. 
 
 Chest. 
 
 Glitter. 
 
 Congo. 
 
 Cavalier. 
 
 Chew. 
 
 Cloak. 
 
 Conn. 
 
 Cave. 
 
 Chick. 
 
 Clock. 
 
 Conquest. 
 
 Caw. 
 
 Chicken. 
 
 Clodd. 
 
 Conscience. 
 
 Caws. 
 
 Chicks. 
 
 Clogg. 
 
 Constance. 
 
 Cease. 
 
 Child. 
 
 Close. 
 
 Constant. 
 
 Ceider. 
 
 Children. 
 
 Clothier. 
 
 Content. 
 
 Cent. 
 
 Chillman. 
 
 Cloud. 
 
 Convey. 
 
 Center. 
 
 Chin. 
 
 Clout. 
 
 Convoy. 
 
 Centlivre. 
 
 Chine. 
 
 Clover. 
 
 Coo. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 Chip. 
 
 Club. 
 
 Cook. 
 
 Chace. 
 
 Chipchase. 
 
 Clutterbuck. 
 
 Cookw.orthy. 
 
 Chafer. 
 
 Chipman. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Cool. 
 
 Chaff. 
 
 Chisel. 
 
 Coalman. 
 
 Coon. 
 
 Chalice. 
 
 Chisels. 
 
 Coat. 
 
 Coop. 
 
 Chalk. 
 
 Choice. 
 
 Cobb. 
 
 Coot. 
 
 Challenger. 
 
 Christ. 
 
 Cobbledick. 
 
 Cop. 
 
 Challice. 
 
 Christian. 
 
 Cockeye. 
 
 Cope. 
 
 Chance. 
 
 Christmas. 
 
 Cockle. 
 
 Copper. 
 
 Chant. 
 
 Chub. 
 
 Codd. 
 
 Copperwheat. 
 
 Chap. _ 
 
 Chuck. 
 
 Code. 
 
 Cord. 
 
 Chaplain. 
 
 Church. 
 
 Codex. 
 
 Corderoy. 
 
 Charge. 
 
 Churchyard. 
 
 Codling. 
 
 Cork. 
 
 Charity. 
 
 Circuit. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Charley. 
 
 Citizen. 
 
 Coffin. 
 
 Corner. 
 
 Chart. 
 
 City. 
 
 Coil. 
 
 Corns. 
 
 Chase. 
 
 Civil. 
 
 Coke. 
 
 Corpse. 
 
 Chataway. 
 
 Clack. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Chatfish. 
 
 Clad. 
 
 Goldman. 
 
 Cosey. 
 
 Chatt. 
 
 Clam. 
 
 Colepepper. 
 
 Costard. 
 
 Chaunter. 
 
 Clan. 
 
 Collar. 
 
 Cot. 
 
 Cheap. 
 
 Clap. 
 
 Collarbone. 
 
 Cotton. 
 
 Check. 
 
 Clapper. 
 
 Collick. 
 
 Couch. 
 
 Cheek. 
 
 Claret. 
 
 Colt. 
 
 Councillor. 
 
 Cheeks. 
 
 Clash. 
 
 Comb. 
 
 Counsell. 
 
 Cheer. 
 
 Class- 
 
 Combs. 
 
 Couplet. 
 
150 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Courage. 
 
 Crotch. 
 
 
 Dealing. 
 
 Course. 
 
 Crow. 
 
 
 Dealchamber. 
 
 Courtier. 
 
 Crowd. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dear. 
 
 Cousin. 
 
 Crowfoot. 
 
 
 Dearlove. 
 
 Cover. 
 
 Crown. 
 
 Dab. 
 
 Dearth. 
 
 Coward. 
 
 Crucifix. 
 
 Dabbs. 
 
 Death. 
 
 Cow. 
 
 Crude. 
 
 Dace. 
 
 Decent. 
 
 Co whom. 
 
 Cruikshanks. 
 
 Dadd. 
 
 Deck. 
 
 Cowl. 
 
 Cruise. 
 
 Daft. 
 
 Deed. 
 
 Cowstick. 
 
 Crumb. 
 
 Dagger. 
 
 Deeds, 
 
 Coy. 
 
 Grumpier. 
 
 Daily. 
 
 Deer. 
 
 Crab. 
 
 Crush. 
 
 Dainty. 
 
 Deeprose. 
 
 Crabtree. 
 
 Crust. 
 
 Dairy. 
 
 Delf. 
 
 Crack. 
 
 Crutch. 
 
 Dais. 
 
 Delves. 
 
 Crackbone. 
 
 Cryer. 
 
 Daisy. 
 
 Demon. 
 
 Crackles. 
 
 Cube. 
 
 Dally. 
 
 Deo. 
 
 Cracklin. 
 
 Cuckoo. 
 
 Dam. 
 
 Desert. 
 
 Cracknell. 
 
 Cud. 
 
 Dame. 
 
 Desire. 
 
 Craft. 
 
 Cuddy. 
 
 Damon. 
 
 Dessert. 
 
 Cram. 
 
 Cuff 
 
 Damp. 
 
 Deuce. 
 
 Cramp. 
 
 Cull. 
 
 Damper. 
 
 Devil. 
 
 Crane. 
 
 Culpepper. 
 
 Damson. 
 
 Dew. 
 
 Crank. 
 
 Cumber. 
 
 Dance. 
 
 Dial. 
 
 Craven. 
 Craw. 
 
 Cupper. 
 Curd. 
 
 Dancer. 
 Dandy. 
 
 Dialogue. 
 Diamond. 
 
 Craze. 
 
 Cure. 
 
 Danger. 
 
 Diaper. 
 
 Creak. 
 
 Curius. 
 
 Dare. 
 
 Dibble. 
 
 Cream. 
 
 Curl. 
 
 Dark. 
 
 Dieu. 
 
 Creed. 
 
 Curly. 
 
 Darling. 
 
 Diggory. 
 
 Creeper. 
 
 Curr. 
 
 Dart. 
 
 Digweed. 
 
 Grass. 
 
 Currant. 
 
 Dash. 
 
 Dike. 
 
 Cribb. 
 
 Cursin. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Dilly. 
 
 Crickett. 
 
 Curtain. 
 
 Dates. 
 
 Dine. 
 
 Crier. 
 
 Cushion. 
 
 Daub. 
 
 Dines. 
 
 Crime. 
 Crimp. 
 
 Cuss. 
 Custard. 
 
 Daughters. 
 Daunt. 
 
 Dingy. 
 Dining. 
 
 Crisp. 
 
 Cutbill. 
 
 Daw. 
 
 Dinn. 
 
 Crispin. 
 
 Cute. 
 
 Dawber. 
 
 Dinning. 
 
 Croak. 
 
 Cutforth. 
 
 Dawn. 
 
 J Uprose. 
 
 Crochet. 
 
 Cutlove. 
 
 Day. 
 
 Dirk. 
 
 Crone. 
 
 Cutmutton. 
 
 Daybell. 
 
 Distill. 
 
 Crook. 
 
 Cutright. 
 
 Dayfoot. 
 
 Ditch. 
 
 Crop. 
 
 Cutting. 
 
 Dayman. 
 
 Dito. 
 
 Cross. 
 
 Cuttle. 
 
 Deadman. 
 
 Divan. 
 
 Crosscup. 
 
 Cutts. 
 
 Dearman. 
 
 Diver. 
 
 Grossman. 
 
 
 Deal. 
 
 Dives. 
 
PECULIAR SURNAMES. 
 
 151 
 
 Dobbin. 
 
 Drinkard. 
 
 Earwiger. 
 
 Fairbairn. 
 
 Dodge. 
 
 Drinkdregs. 
 
 Easy. 
 
 Fairbeard. 
 
 Doe. 
 
 Drinker. 
 
 Eatwell. 
 
 Fairbones. 
 
 Doer. 
 
 Drinkmilk. 
 
 Eddy. 
 
 Fairborn. 
 
 Dole. 
 
 Drinkwater. 
 
 Eels. 
 
 Fairchild. 
 
 Doll. 
 
 Dripps. 
 
 Egg. 
 
 Faircloth. 
 
 Dollar. 
 
 Droop. 
 
 Eggbeer. 
 
 Fairest. 
 
 Dolphin. 
 
 Drought. 
 
 Eggs. 
 
 Fairfeather. 
 
 Dolt. 
 
 Drown. 
 
 Ego. 
 
 Fail-field. 
 
 Dominey. 
 
 Drudge. 
 
 Eighteen. 
 
 Fairfoot. 
 
 Don. 
 
 Drum. 
 
 Element. 
 
 Fairfoul. 
 
 Done. 
 
 Dry. 
 
 Ell. 
 
 Fairhead. 
 
 Doo. 
 
 Ducat. 
 
 Elms. 
 
 Fairlamb. 
 
 Doolittle. 
 
 Duck. 
 
 Emblem. 
 
 Fairly. 
 
 Dott. 
 
 Duckling. 
 
 Emmet. 
 
 Fairman. 
 
 Dotts. 
 
 Dudgeon. 
 
 End. 
 
 Fail-manners. 
 
 Double. 
 Doubleday. 
 
 Dulhumphry. 
 Dull. 
 
 Enough. 
 Ermine. 
 
 Fairplay. 
 Fairs. 
 
 Doublet. " 
 
 Dullard. 
 
 Err. 
 
 Fail-service, 
 
 Doubt. 
 
 Dulled. 
 
 Esse. 
 
 Fail-title. 
 
 Doubtfire. 
 
 Duly. 
 
 Essence. 
 
 Fairweather. 
 
 Douce. 
 
 Dumbell. 
 
 Eve. 
 
 Fairwheater. 
 
 Dough. 
 
 Duel. 
 
 Even. 
 
 Fairy. 
 
 Dove. 
 
 Dun. 
 
 Eveness. 
 
 Faith. 
 
 Dowdy. 
 
 Duncalf. 
 
 Everhard. 
 
 Faithful. 
 
 Dower. 
 
 Dunnakin. 
 
 Every. 
 
 Fall. 
 
 Down. 
 
 Dunner. 
 
 Evil. 
 
 Fallow. 
 
 Downwards. 
 
 Dunning. 
 
 Ewe. 
 
 Fame. 
 
 Downy. 
 
 Duns. 
 
 Excell. 
 
 Fancy. 
 
 Dowse. 
 
 Dupe. 
 
 Expence. 
 
 Fanning. 
 
 Doxey. 
 
 Dust. 
 
 Eye. 
 
 Fardle. 
 
 Doze. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Eyes. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 Dozy. 
 
 Dye. 
 
 
 Farewell. 
 
 Drabble. 
 
 J 
 
 
 Farm an. 
 
 Dragon. 
 
 
 TT 
 
 Farming. 
 
 Drain. 
 
 E 
 
 X 1 . 
 
 Farthing. 
 
 Drake. 
 
 -* -* 
 
 
 Fast. 
 
 Dram. 
 
 
 Fable. 
 
 Fasting. 
 
 Drape. 
 
 Eager. 
 
 Face. 
 
 Fatal. 
 
 Drawbridge. 
 
 Eagle. 
 
 Facer. 
 
 Fatherly 
 
 Drawwater. 
 
 Early. 
 
 Faddy. 
 
 Fathers. 
 
 Dray. 
 
 Earth. 
 
 Fagg. 
 
 Fatt. 
 
 Dredge. 
 
 Earthy. 
 
 Fail. 
 
 Fatty. 
 
 Dresser. 
 
 Earwaker. 
 
 Fain. 
 
 Faultless. 
 
 Drewmilk. 
 
 Earwhisper. 
 
 Faint. 
 
 Fawn. 
 
 Drink. 
 
 Earwig. 
 
 Fair. 
 
 Fay. 
 
152 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Fear. 
 
 Flagg. 
 
 Forcer. 
 
 Fretwell. 
 
 Fear man. 
 
 Flake. 
 
 Forfait. 
 
 Friday. 
 
 Fearweather. 
 
 Flame. 
 
 Forehead. 
 
 Friend. 
 
 Feast. 
 
 Flaming. 
 
 Forge. 
 
 Friendly. 
 
 Feather. 
 
 Flare. 
 
 Forget. 
 
 Friendship. 
 
 Feathers. 
 
 Flashman. 
 
 Forke. 
 
 Fright. 
 
 Fee. 
 
 Flat. 
 
 Forks. 
 
 Frill. 
 
 Fees. 
 
 Flatman. 
 
 Fort. 
 
 Frip. 
 
 Fell. 
 
 Flatter. 
 
 Forte. 
 
 Frizzle. 
 
 Felon. 
 
 Flatters. 
 
 Fortune. 
 
 Frog. 
 
 Felony. 
 
 Flaws. 
 
 Forty. 
 
 From. 
 
 Fender. 
 
 Flay, 
 
 Forty man. 
 
 Frost. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Flea. 
 
 Forward. 
 
 Fry. 
 
 Ferret. 
 
 Fleet. 
 
 Foulfoot. 
 
 Fryman: 
 
 Ferry. 
 
 Flesh. 
 
 Foully. 
 
 Fudge. 
 
 Ferryman. 
 
 Fleshman. 
 
 Foulweather. 
 
 Fuel. 
 
 Fetter. 
 
 Flick. 
 
 Found. 
 
 Fuge. 
 
 Fetters. 
 Fever. 
 
 Flight. 
 Fling. 
 
 Foundling. 
 Four acre. 
 
 Fugit. 
 Full. 
 
 Fevers. 
 
 Flint. 
 
 Fourapenny. 
 
 Fullborn. 
 
 Feveryear. 
 
 Flitt. 
 
 Fourname. 
 
 Fullalove. 
 
 Few. 
 
 Float. 
 
 Fowl. 
 
 Fullbridge. 
 
 Fibbs. 
 
 Flock. 
 
 Fowls. 
 
 Fulsom. 
 
 Fidler. 
 
 Flood. 
 
 Fox. 
 
 Funk. 
 
 Fife. 
 
 Flora. 
 
 Foxcraft. 
 
 Funnell. 
 
 Figg- 
 
 Flounders. 
 
 Foxworthy. 
 
 Furlong. 
 
 Filbert. 
 
 Flowerday. 
 
 Foyster. 
 
 Furnace. 
 
 File. 
 
 Flue. 
 
 Frail. 
 
 Furnish. 
 
 Filer. 
 
 Flum. 
 
 Frain. 
 
 Purr. 
 
 Fill. 
 
 Flush. 
 
 Frame. 
 
 Furrow. 
 
 Fill pot. 
 
 Fluter. 
 
 Franc. 
 
 Fury. 
 
 Fines. 
 
 Flux. 
 
 Frank. 
 
 Furze. 
 
 Finger. 
 
 Fly. 
 
 Frater. 
 
 Fussey. 
 
 Finis. 
 
 Foale. 
 
 Fray. 
 
 Fye. 
 
 Finny. 
 
 Fodder. 
 
 Freak. 
 
 
 Fi]i]x-,nny. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Free. 
 
 
 Fi iv brass. 
 
 Fogey. 
 
 Freed. 
 
 
 Firkin. 
 
 Fold. 
 
 Freeguard. 
 
 . 
 
 Fish. 
 
 Folk. 
 
 Freelove. 
 
 
 cr. 
 
 Folly. 
 
 Freely. 
 
 Gab. 
 
 Fishline. 
 
 Foot. 
 
 Freeman. 
 
 Gable. 
 
 Fist 
 
 F'"tman. 
 
 Freeze. 
 
 Gaby. 
 
 Fitt. 
 
 Fop. 
 
 French. 
 
 Gaffer. 
 
 Fitter. 
 
 F"l'less. 
 
 Fre.sli. 
 
 
 
 rce. 
 
 Fn-hfield. 
 
 Gagg, 
 
 Fi/ard. 
 
 <:ast. 
 
 Freshwater. 
 
 Gaily. 
 
PECULIAR SURNAMES. 
 
 153 
 
 Gain. 
 
 Gerken. 
 
 Goeth. 
 
 Goodwill. 
 
 Gainer. 
 
 Gherken. 
 
 Gofirst. 
 
 Goodwine. 
 
 Gait. 
 
 Ghost. 
 
 Going. 
 
 Goodwright. 
 
 Gaiter. 
 
 Giblett. 
 
 Goings. 
 
 Goody. 
 
 Gala. 
 
 Giddy. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Goodyear. 
 
 Gale. 
 
 Gift. 
 
 Golden. 
 
 Goose. 
 
 Gall. 
 
 Gig. 
 
 Goldfinch. 
 
 Gooseman. 
 
 Gallant. 
 
 Gildersleeves. 
 
 Goldham. 
 
 Goosey. 
 
 Gallantry. 
 
 Gilding. 
 
 Goldhawk. 
 
 Gore. 
 
 Gallery. 
 
 Gill. 
 
 Goldman. 
 
 Gorebrown. 
 
 Galley. 
 
 Gimlet. 
 
 Goldsack. 
 
 Gory. 
 
 Galliard. 
 
 Gin. 
 
 Goldwater. 
 
 Gosling. 
 
 Gallon. 
 
 Ginever. 
 
 Golightly. 
 
 Gospel. 
 
 Gallop. 
 
 Ginger. 
 
 Gollop. 
 
 Gotobed. 
 
 Gallows. 
 
 Gingle. 
 
 Good. 
 
 Gouger. 
 
 Gait. 
 
 Ginner. 
 
 Goodacre. 
 
 Gout. 
 
 Gamble. 
 
 Girl. 
 
 Goodair. 
 
 Gown. 
 
 Gambling. 
 
 Girth. 
 
 Goodale. 
 
 Grabby. 
 
 Game. 
 
 Gist. 
 
 Goodbairn. 
 
 Grace. 
 
 Gammon. 
 
 Given. 
 
 Goodbeer. 
 
 Grain. 
 
 Gander. 
 
 Glad. 
 
 Goodbehere. 
 
 Grammar. 
 
 Ganderton. 
 
 Gladden. 
 
 Goodbody. 
 
 Grand. 
 
 Gapp. 
 
 Gladman. 
 
 Goodborn. 
 
 Grapes. 
 
 Garden. 
 
 Gladson. 
 
 Goodboys. 
 
 Grass. 
 
 Garland. 
 
 Glass. 
 
 Goodby. 
 
 Grates. 
 
 Garlick. 
 
 Glasscock. 
 
 Goodchap. 
 
 Grave. 
 
 Garment. 
 
 Glasspool. 
 
 Goodcheap. 
 
 Gravel. 
 
 Garnish. 
 
 Glazard. 
 
 Goodchild. 
 
 Gravelly. 
 
 Garret. 
 
 Glide. 
 
 Goodenough. 
 
 Graves. 
 
 Gash. 
 
 Glister. 
 
 Goodfellow. 
 
 Gray. 
 
 Gate. 
 
 Gloss. 
 
 Goodgroom. 
 
 Graygoose. 
 
 Gatehouse. 
 
 Glue. 
 
 Goodhand. 
 
 Greathead. 
 
 Gathergood. 
 
 Goad. 
 
 Goodhead. 
 
 Greedy. 
 
 Gaudy, 
 
 Goat. 
 
 Goodheart. 
 
 Greenberry. 
 
 Gaul. 
 
 Goater. 
 
 Goodhind. 
 
 Greengrass. 
 
 Gaunt. 
 
 Goatman. 
 
 Goodlad. 
 
 Greengrow 
 
 Gauntlett. 
 
 Goblet. 
 
 Goodlake. 
 
 Greenhalf. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 God. 
 
 Goodluck. 
 
 Greenhead. 
 
 Gaze. 
 
 Godbehere. 
 
 Goodman. 
 
 Greenish. 
 
 Gear. 
 
 Godlip. 
 
 Goodram. 
 
 Greenman. 
 
 Gem. 
 
 Godly. 
 
 Goodrum. 
 
 Greensides. 
 
 Gender. 
 
 Godman. 
 
 Goodsheep. 
 
 Greensword. 
 
 Genders. 
 
 Godson. 
 
 Goodship. 
 
 Grew. 
 
 Gent. 
 
 Godspenny. 
 
 Goodsir. 
 
 Grice. 
 
 Q.entle. 
 
 God ward. 
 
 Goodson. 
 
 Grief. 
 
 G entry. 
 
 Goes. 
 
 Goodway. 
 
 Grieve. 
 
154 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Griffin. 
 
 Haggard. 
 
 Harlot. 
 
 Heater. 
 
 Griffinhoofe. 
 
 Hail 
 
 Harm. 
 
 Heath. 
 
 Grill. 
 
 Hailstone. 
 
 Harmony. 
 
 Heather. 
 
 Grim. 
 
 Hailstones. 
 
 Harness. 
 
 Heathman. 
 
 Grindall. 
 
 Hair. 
 
 Harper. 
 
 Heats. 
 
 Grist. 
 
 Hairs. 
 
 Harras. 
 
 Heaven. 
 
 Gritt. 
 
 Hake. 
 
 Harrow. 
 
 Heavens. 
 
 Groat. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 Hart. 
 
 Heaver. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 Halfacre. 
 
 Hartfull. 
 
 Heaviside. 
 
 Gross. 
 
 Halfhead. 
 
 Hartshorn. 
 
 Heavy. 
 
 Ground. 
 
 Halfnight. 
 
 Hash. 
 
 Heavyeye. 
 
 Groundsell. 
 
 Halfpenny. 
 
 Hasluck. 
 
 Hector. 
 
 Grouse. 
 
 Halfyard. 
 
 Hasmore. 
 
 Hedge. 
 
 Grow. 
 
 Halstaff. 
 
 Haste. 
 
 Hedgecock. 
 
 Growing. 
 
 Halt. 
 
 Hat. 
 
 Hedger. 
 
 Grubb. 
 
 Halter. 
 
 Hatfull. 
 
 Hedges. 
 
 Grumble. 
 
 Ham. 
 
 Hatoff. 
 
 Heel. 
 
 Gudgeon. 
 
 Hammer. 
 
 Hatred. 
 
 Heifer. 
 
 Guess. 
 
 Hamock. 
 
 Hatter. 
 
 Height. 
 
 Guessard. 
 
 Hamper. 
 
 Haven. 
 
 Held. 
 
 Guest. 
 
 Hamrogue. 
 
 Havens. 
 
 Hell. 
 
 Guile. 
 
 Hand. 
 
 Hawke. 
 
 Hellhouse. 
 
 Guily. 
 
 Handforth. 
 
 Hawker. 
 
 Helm. 
 
 Guise. 
 
 Hands. 
 
 Hawking. 
 
 Helpusgod. 
 
 Gull. 
 
 Handsomebody. 
 
 Hawthorn. 
 
 Hemp. 
 
 Gullet. 
 
 Handy. 
 
 Hay. 
 
 Hen. 
 
 Gulley. 
 
 Handy side. 
 
 Hay ball. 
 
 Herd, 
 
 Gum. 
 
 Hanger. 
 
 Haycock. 
 
 Herdsman. 
 
 Gumboil. 
 
 Hanks. 
 
 Hayday. 
 
 Heriot. 
 
 Gump. 
 
 Hannibal. 
 
 Hazard. 
 
 Heritage. 
 
 Gun. 
 
 Happy. 
 
 Hazel. 
 
 Hero. 
 
 Gunner. 
 
 II 1 * O 
 
 I larbird. 
 
 Hazlefoot. 
 
 Herod. 
 
 Gush. 
 
 Harbour. 
 
 Head. 
 
 Herring. 
 
 Gut. 
 
 Hard. 
 
 Headache. 
 
 Hidden. 
 
 Gutter. 
 
 Hardbottle. 
 
 Heady. 
 
 Hide. 
 
 Guy. 
 
 Hardedge. 
 
 Heal. 
 
 ffider. 
 
 
 Hardgraft. 
 
 Heath. 
 
 Higginbottom 
 
 
 I lanlman. 
 
 Heap. 
 
 Bighcock. 
 
 
 Hani staff. 
 
 Heaps. 
 
 1 1 i'Jmian. 
 
 . 
 
 Hani ware. 
 Hardy. 
 
 Beard. 
 
 1 1 caring. 
 
 Highway. 
 Hilt. 
 
 Ilack. 
 
 I lanlvman. 
 
 I Irar.say. 
 
 Hinder. 
 
 Hackblock. 
 
 Hare. 
 
 Hearse. 
 
 Hinderwcll. 
 
 Hackstaff. 
 
 Han-foot. 
 
 Heart. 
 
 Hinge. 
 
 Haddock. 
 
 Hark. 
 
 1 1 rat t free. 
 
 Hip. 
 
 Hftgfr 
 
 Harken. 
 
 Hearty. 
 
 lliscock. 
 
PECULIAR SURNAMES. 
 
 155 
 
 Hist. 
 
 Hopper. 
 
 Idol. 
 
 Just. 
 
 Hitch. 
 
 Horn. 
 
 Image. 
 
 Justice. 
 
 Hitchcock. 
 
 Hornblower. 
 
 In. 
 
 Jutting. 
 
 Hives. 
 
 Homer. 
 
 Incarnation. 
 
 
 Hoar. 
 
 Hornet. 
 
 Inch. 
 
 
 Hoard. 
 
 Horsecraft. 
 
 Inches. 
 
 TT 
 
 Hobby. 
 
 Horsefall. 
 
 Ingold. 
 
 AV. 
 
 Hodd. 
 
 Horseman. 
 
 Ingram. 
 
 
 Hoe. 
 
 Horsenail. 
 
 Inkpen. 
 
 Keel. 
 
 Hog. 
 
 Hose. 
 
 Innocent. 
 
 Keen. 
 
 Hogger. 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Instance. 
 
 Keep. 
 
 Hogmire. 
 
 Hotham. 
 
 Iris. 
 
 Keeping 
 
 Hogsflesh. 
 
 Hour. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Kettle. 
 
 Hogsmouth. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Irons. 
 
 Key. 
 
 Hold. 
 
 House. 
 
 Isles. 
 
 Keylock 
 
 Holdback. 
 
 Household. 
 
 Ivory. 
 
 Keys. 
 
 Holdcroft. 
 
 Houseman. 
 
 Ivy. 
 
 Kick. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 Hovell. 
 
 Ivyleaf. 
 
 Kid. 
 
 Hole. 
 
 How. 
 
 / 
 
 Kilboy. 
 
 Hollow. 
 
 Howl. 
 
 
 Kilbride. 
 
 Holly. 
 Holy. 
 
 Howlong. 
 Hoy. 
 
 J. 
 
 Kill. 
 Killard. 
 
 Holyday. 
 
 Hue. 
 
 
 Killer. 1 
 
 Holyland. 
 
 Hug. 
 
 Jack. 
 
 Killman. 
 
 Holyoak. 
 
 Hull. 
 
 Jacket. 
 
 Killmartin/ 
 
 Home. 
 
 Hum. 
 
 Jane. 
 
 Killmaster. 
 
 Homer. 
 
 Human. 
 
 January. 
 
 Killmister. 
 
 Hone. 
 
 Humble. 
 
 Jar. 
 
 Kilmany. 
 
 Honey. 
 
 Hunger. 
 
 Jay. 
 
 Kilpatrick. 
 
 Honeyball. 
 
 Hunting. 
 
 Jealous. 
 
 Kilt. 
 
 Honeybone. 
 
 Hurdle. 
 
 Jelly. 
 
 Kind. 
 
 Honeybum. 
 
 Hurll. 
 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 Kinder. 
 
 Honeybun. 
 
 Hurt. 
 
 Jester. 
 
 Kindred, 
 
 Honeyman. 
 
 Husband. 
 
 Jew. 
 
 Kine. 
 
 Honour. 
 
 Hush. 
 
 Jewell. 
 
 Kinsman. 
 
 Honywill. 
 
 Husk. 
 
 Job. 
 
 Kiss. 
 
 Hood. 
 
 Hussey. 
 
 Joint. 
 
 Kitcat. 
 
 Hoodless. 
 
 Hutch. 
 
 Jolly. 
 
 Kitchen. 
 
 Hoof. 
 
 Hutt. 
 
 Joy. 
 
 Kitchenman. 
 
 Hook. 
 
 
 Judge. 
 
 Kite. 
 
 Hookaway. 
 
 
 July. 
 
 Kitten. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 T 
 
 Jump. 
 
 Kitty. 
 
 Hop. 
 
 1* 
 
 Jumper. 
 
 Klinghammer. 
 
 Hope. 
 
 
 June. 
 
 Klingheart. 
 
 Hopeless. 
 
 Tcemonger. 
 
 Juniper. 
 
 Knee. 
 
 Hopewell. 
 
 Idle. 
 
 Jury. 
 
 Kneebone. 
 
156 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Knell. 
 
 Leaf. 
 
 Littlechild. 
 
 Lovelady. 
 
 Knife. 
 
 Leak. 
 
 Littlefair. 
 
 Loveless. 
 
 Knitt. 
 
 Lean. 
 
 Littlefear. 
 
 Lovelock. 
 
 Knock. 
 
 Leaning. 
 
 Littlehead. 
 
 Loveluck. 
 
 Knocker. 
 
 Leaper. 
 
 Littlejohn. 
 
 Lovely. 
 
 Knower. 
 
 Lear. 
 
 Littlepage. 
 
 Lover. 
 
 
 Leary. 
 
 Littleproud. 
 
 Loving. 
 
 
 Leather. 
 
 Lively. 
 
 Low. 
 
 
 Leatherbarrow. 
 
 Liver. 
 
 Luce. 
 
 . 
 
 Ledger. 
 
 Livery. 
 
 Luck. 
 
 
 Leech. 
 
 Living. 
 
 Lucky. 
 
 Lace. 
 
 Leftwitch. 
 
 Lo. 
 
 Lucy. 
 
 Lack. 
 
 Leg. 
 
 Loach. 
 
 Lull. 
 
 Ladd. 
 
 Legless. 
 
 Loads. 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 Ladle. 
 
 Lemon. 
 
 Loan. 
 
 Lumpy. 
 
 Lady. 
 
 Lent. 
 
 Lob. 
 
 Lung. 
 
 Ladyman. 
 
 Leopard. 
 
 Lock. 
 
 Lush. 
 
 Laimbeer. 
 
 Letter. 
 
 Locker. 
 
 Lute. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Locket. 
 
 Lye. 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 Lettice. 
 
 Locock. 
 
 Lyes. 
 
 Lambkin. 
 
 Light. 
 
 Lofty. 
 
 Lyon. 
 
 Lambshead. 
 
 Liberty. 
 
 Lollard. 
 
 
 Lame. 
 
 Licence. 
 
 Lone. 
 
 
 Lamp. 
 
 Linch. 
 
 Long. 
 
 . 
 
 Lamprey. 
 
 Life. 
 
 Longbottom. 
 
 
 Lance. 
 
 Lightbody. 
 
 Longcake. 
 
 Mabb. 
 
 Lancet. 
 
 Lightfoot. 
 
 Longden. 
 
 Mabee. 
 
 Land. 
 
 Lightly. 
 
 Longest. 
 
 Mace. 
 
 Landless. 
 
 Lightning. 
 
 Longfellow. 
 
 Mackerell. 
 
 Large. 
 Lark. 
 
 Lightwine. 
 Likely. 
 
 Longmaid. 
 Longman. 
 
 Made. 
 Madder. 
 
 Larking. 
 
 Lillywhite. 
 
 Longmate. 
 
 Maggot. 
 
 Lash. 
 
 Lily. 
 
 Longshanks. 
 
 Maggs. 
 
 Laity. 
 
 Limb. 
 
 Longstaff. 
 
 Maid. 
 
 Lust" 
 
 Limber. 
 
 Look. 
 
 Maiden. 
 
 Late. 
 
 Limebeer. 
 
 Loom. 
 
 Maidman. 
 
 Later. 
 
 Line. 
 
 Loop. 
 
 Maids. 
 
 Lathe. 
 
 Ling. 
 
 Loose. 
 
 Mail. 
 
 Lavender. 
 
 Link. 
 
 Loosely. 
 
 Mails. 
 
 Law. 
 
 Liquorice. 
 
 Losecamp. 
 
 Main. 
 
 Lawless. 
 
 Liquorish. 
 
 Lots. 
 
 Mainland. 
 
 Lawman. 
 
 Lions. 
 
 Love. 
 
 Mainprize. 
 
 Lawn. 
 
 Litt, 
 
 Lovecock. 
 
 Maize. 
 
 Lax. 
 
 Little. 
 
 Loveday. 
 
 Maker. 
 
 Lay. 
 
 Littleboy. 
 
 Lovejov. 
 
 Makin. 
 
 Leach. 
 
 Littleboys. 
 
 Lovekin. 
 
 Malady 
 
PECULIAR SURNAMES. 
 
 157 
 
 Malay. 
 
 Maxim. 
 
 Mist. 
 
 Murther. 
 
 Male. 
 
 May. 
 
 Mite. 
 
 Muse. 
 
 Mall. 
 
 Maybee. 
 
 Moat. 
 
 Muses. 
 
 Mallard. 
 
 May cock. 
 
 Mock. 
 
 Musick. 
 
 Mallet. 
 
 Maydenhead. 
 
 Mode. 
 
 Musk. 
 
 Malt. 
 
 Maypowder. 
 
 Moist. 
 
 Musket. 
 
 Mandrake. 
 
 Maze. 
 
 Mole. 
 
 Muspratt. 
 
 Man. 
 
 M'Quirk. 
 
 Moll. 
 
 Mussel. 
 
 Manage. 
 
 M'Turk. 
 
 Molten. 
 
 Mustard. 
 
 Manger. 
 
 Mead. 
 
 Monarch. 
 
 Muster. 
 
 Mangles. 
 
 Meal. 
 
 Monday. 
 
 Musty. 
 
 Mangy. 
 
 Mealy. 
 
 Money. 
 
 Mutter. 
 
 Manhood. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Moneypenny. 
 
 Mutton. 
 
 Manifold. 
 
 Means. 
 
 Monkey. 
 
 Mycock. 
 
 Manlove. 
 
 Me an well. 
 
 Monument. 
 
 Myrtle. 
 
 Manlover. 
 
 Measure. 
 
 Moon. 
 
 Muzzy. 
 
 Manly. 
 
 Meats. 
 
 Mooney. 
 
 
 Manners. 
 
 Mecca. 
 
 Morcock. 
 
 
 Mansard. 
 
 Meddle. 
 
 Morehen. 
 
 N 
 
 Mansion. 
 
 Medlar. 
 
 Morrow. 
 
 -L> 
 
 Mantle. 
 
 Medley. 
 
 Mort. 
 
 
 Many. 
 
 Meek. 
 
 Mortar. 
 
 Nabb. 
 
 Manypenny. 
 
 Mellow. 
 
 Moss. 
 
 Nack. 
 
 Maple. 
 
 Melon. 
 
 Most. 
 
 Naggs. 
 
 Maples. 
 
 Mention. 
 
 Mote. 
 
 Nail. 
 
 Mapp. 
 
 Merry. 
 
 Moth. 
 
 Nap. 
 
 Maps. 
 
 Merryman. 
 
 Motley. 
 
 Napkin. 
 
 Marble. 
 
 Merrymouth. 
 
 Mouse. 
 
 Napper. 
 
 March. 
 
 Merryweather. 
 
 Mouth. 
 
 Narrowcoat, 
 
 Mare. 
 
 Mess. 
 
 Much. 
 
 Nave. 
 
 Marjoram. 
 
 Metcalf. 
 
 Muchmore. 
 
 Navy. 
 
 Marklove. 
 
 Mew. 
 
 Muckle. 
 
 Nation. 
 
 Markquick. 
 
 Middlecoat. 
 
 Mudd. 
 
 Nay. 
 
 Markthaler. 
 
 Middlemast. 
 
 Muddle. 
 
 Near. 
 
 Marlock. 
 
 Middleweek. 
 
 Muff. 
 
 Neat. 
 
 Marriage. 
 
 Mildmay. 
 
 Muffin. 
 
 Neck. 
 
 Marry. 
 
 Midwinter. 
 
 Mug. 
 
 Need. 
 
 Mars. 
 
 Milady. 
 
 Mulberry. 
 
 Needle. 
 
 Martyr. 
 
 Mile. 
 
 Mule. 
 
 Needs. 
 
 Marvel. 
 
 Milk. 
 
 Mull. 
 
 Negus. 
 
 Mash. 
 
 Milksop. 
 
 Mullet. 
 
 Neighbour. 
 
 Matterface. 
 
 Mill. 
 
 Mumbler. 
 
 Neithermill. 
 
 Mattock. 
 
 Million. 
 
 Mumm. 
 
 Nero. 
 
 Matts. 
 
 Minnow. 
 
 Mummery. 
 
 Nest. 
 
 Maudlin. 
 
 Mires. 
 
 Mummy. 
 
 Nethersole. 
 
 Maw. 
 
 Missing. 
 
 Munch. 
 
 Nettle. 
 
158 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Nettleship, 
 
 Null. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Paling. 
 
 New.| 
 
 Nun. 
 
 Orchard. 
 
 Pallace. 
 
 Newback. 
 
 Nurse. 
 
 Orders. 
 
 Pallas. 
 
 Newbegin. 
 
 Nut. 
 
 Organ. 
 
 Pallet. 
 
 Newbirth. 
 
 Nutbean. 
 
 Ormduel. 
 
 Palm. 
 
 Newbold. 
 
 Nutraan. 
 
 Orphan. 
 
 Palsy. 
 
 Newbolt. 
 
 Nutbrown. 
 
 Ostler. 
 
 Pamphlet. 
 
 Newbone. 
 
 Nutting. 
 
 Ostrich. 
 
 Pan. 
 
 Newborn. 
 
 Nutty. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Pander. 
 
 Newcomb. 
 
 
 Otherday. 
 
 Pane. 
 
 Newgate. 
 
 
 Otherman. 
 
 Pannel. 
 
 Newlove. 
 
 o 
 
 Otter. 
 
 Pannier. 
 
 Newmarch. 
 
 \J 
 
 Ought. 
 
 Panter. 
 
 Newts. 
 
 
 Ouldbief. 
 
 Panther. 
 
 Nibbs. 
 
 Oak. 
 
 Our. 
 
 Panting. 
 
 Nice. 
 
 Oakenbottom. 
 
 Outcry. 
 
 Pantry. 
 
 Nick. 
 
 Oaks. 
 
 Outlaw. 
 
 Papa. 
 
 Nicks. 
 
 Oakleaf. 
 
 Outpin. 
 
 Paquet. 
 
 Niger. 
 
 Oar. 
 
 Oven. 
 
 Par. 
 
 Nigh. 
 
 Oat. 
 
 Over. 
 
 Paradise. 
 
 Night. 
 
 Oaten. 
 
 Overall. 
 
 Paragon. 
 
 Nightingale. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Overmire. 
 
 Paramour. 
 
 Nihill. 
 
 Odium. 
 
 Ovid. 
 
 Parcel. 
 
 Nile. 
 
 Off. 
 
 Owings. 
 
 Parcells. 
 
 Nine. 
 
 Offer. 
 
 Owner. 
 
 Pardon. 
 
 Nipper. 
 
 Office. 
 
 Oyster. 
 
 Pare. 
 
 Nix. 
 
 Officer. 
 
 
 Parent. 
 
 Noah. 
 
 Ogg. 
 
 
 1'uring. 
 
 Nobbs. 
 
 Ogle. 
 
 p 
 
 Parish. 
 
 Noddle. 
 
 Oill. 
 
 i . 
 
 Park. 
 
 Nodes. 
 
 Old. 
 
 
 Parlour. 
 
 Nogget. 
 
 Oldacre. 
 
 Pace. 
 
 Parrot. 
 
 Noise. 
 
 Oldcorn. 
 
 Pacer. 
 
 Parshall. 
 
 Noodle. 
 
 Oldman. 
 
 Pack. 
 
 Parsley. 
 
 Noon. 
 
 Olyfather. 
 
 Packet. 
 
 1 'arson. 
 
 Northeast. 
 
 Omega. 
 
 Packman. 
 
 Part. 
 
 Nose. 
 
 Omen. 
 
 Paddock. 
 
 Partner. 
 
 Noser. 
 
 Omit. 
 
 Paddy. 
 
 Partridge. 
 
 Nosworthy. 
 
 Omnibus. 
 
 Pagan. 
 
 I'.-i-. sunger 
 
 Not. 
 
 Once. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Past 
 
 Notcutt. 
 
 One. 
 
 Pail. 
 
 Patch. 
 
 Nothing. 
 
 Onion. 
 
 Pain. 
 
 Pate. 
 
 Nothard. 
 
 Onions. 
 
 Painter, 
 
 Pater. 
 
 Notman. 
 
 Only. 
 
 Painting. 
 
 Path. 
 
 Now. 
 
 < >n-low. 
 
 Pair. 
 
 Paiience. 
 
 Nox. 
 
 Onyx. 
 
 Palfrey. 
 
 Patient. 
 
PECULIAR SURNAMES. 
 
 159 
 
 Paunch. 
 
 Penny cuick. 
 
 Pillage. 
 
 Plume. 
 
 Pause. 
 
 Pennyfather. 
 
 Pillar. 
 
 Plumtree. 
 
 Paviour. 
 
 Pennyfeatlier. 
 
 Pillow. 
 
 Poacher. 
 
 Paw. 
 
 Pennymaker. 
 
 Pimple. 
 
 Pock. 
 
 Pay. 
 
 Pennyman. 
 
 Pinch. 
 
 Pocket. 
 
 Payment. 
 
 Pennymore. 
 
 Pinchard. 
 
 Podd. 
 
 Pax. 
 
 Pennypacker. 
 
 Pinchback. 
 
 Poet. 
 
 Pea. 
 
 Pentecost. 
 
 Pinchbeck. 
 
 Poignard. 
 
 Peace. 
 
 Pepper. 
 
 Pindar. 
 
 Point. 
 
 Peaceable. 
 
 Peppercorn. 
 
 Pine. 
 
 Pointer. 
 
 Peach. 
 
 Perch. 
 
 Pinfound. 
 
 Poke, 
 
 Peaehy. 
 
 Perfect. 
 
 Pinion. 
 
 Pole. 
 
 Peacock. 
 
 Perk. 
 
 Pink. 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Peak. 
 
 Perry. 
 
 Finn. 
 
 Poll. 
 
 Peal. 
 
 Person. 
 
 Pipe. 
 
 Polly. 
 
 Peanot. 
 
 Pert. 
 
 Pissard. 
 
 Pond. 
 
 Pear. 
 
 Pescod. 
 
 Pisse. 
 
 Ponder. 
 
 Pearl. 
 
 Pester. 
 
 Pish. 
 
 Poodle. 
 
 Pearly. 
 
 Pestle. 
 
 Piso. 
 
 Pool. 
 
 Peas. 
 
 Pett. 
 
 Pistol. 
 
 Poor. 
 
 Pease. 
 
 Pettibone. 
 
 Pit. 
 
 Pop. 
 
 Peasoup. 
 
 Pettycoat. 
 
 Pitchbottom. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Peat. 
 
 Pew. 
 
 Pitcher. 
 
 Popoff. 
 
 Pebble. 
 
 Pharoah. 
 
 Pitchford. 
 
 Poppy. 
 
 Peck. 
 
 Pharrisee. 
 
 Pitchfork. 
 
 Porch. 
 
 Pecker. 
 
 Pheasant. 
 
 Place. 
 
 Port. 
 
 Peckit. 
 
 Phoenix. 
 
 Plaice. 
 
 Portal. 
 
 Peckover. 
 
 Physick. 
 
 Plain. 
 
 Porter. 
 
 Peddle. 
 
 Pick. 
 
 Plane. 
 
 Portwine. 
 
 Pedigree. 
 
 Picker. 
 
 Plank. 
 
 Poser. 
 
 Pedlar. 
 
 Pickle. 
 
 Plant-. 
 
 Post. 
 
 Peed. 
 
 Pickles. 
 
 Plaster. 
 
 Pothecary. 
 
 Peep. 
 
 Pickup. 
 
 Play. 
 
 Potiphar. 
 
 Peer. 
 
 Pickwoad. 
 
 PI ay fair. 
 
 Pot. 
 
 Peerless. 
 
 Piddle. 
 
 Please. 
 
 Pottage. 
 
 Peg. 
 
 Pie. 
 
 Pleasent. 
 
 Pottle. 
 
 Pelisse. 
 
 Pierce. 
 
 Pledge. 
 
 Pounce. 
 
 Pellet. 
 
 Pig- 
 
 Pledger. 
 
 Pound. 
 
 Pelter. 
 
 Pigeon. 
 
 Plenty. 
 
 Pout. 
 
 Pen. 
 
 Pigfat. 
 
 Plot. 
 
 Powder. 
 
 Pence. 
 
 Pighog. 
 
 Ploughman. 
 
 Praise. 
 
 Penfound. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Pluck. 
 
 Prance. 
 
 Penhole. 
 
 Pilchard. 
 
 Plug. 
 
 Pray. 
 
 Pennebaker. 
 
 Pile. 
 
 Plum. 
 
 Precious. 
 
 Penny. 
 
 Pilgrim. 
 
 Plumb. 
 
 Prentice. 
 
 Pennycook. 
 
 Pill. 
 
 Plumber. 
 
 Presence. 
 
160 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Press. 
 
 Putt. 
 
 Rafter. 
 
 Redhouse. 
 
 Prestige. 
 
 Putts. 
 
 Ragg. 
 
 Redman. 
 
 Pretty. 
 
 
 Ragless. 
 
 Redmile. 
 
 Priam. 
 
 
 Raiment. 
 
 Redpath. 
 
 Price. 
 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Reed. 
 
 Pride. 
 
 
 
 Rainbird. 
 
 Register. 
 
 Priest. 
 
 
 Rainbow. 
 
 Render. 
 
 Priestly. 
 
 Quail. 
 
 Raisin. 
 
 Renew. 
 
 Prigg. 
 
 Quaint. 
 
 Rake. 
 
 Rescue. 
 
 Prime. 
 
 Quaintance. 
 
 Rally. 
 
 Rest. 
 
 Primrose. 
 
 Quare. 
 
 Ram. 
 
 Restcome. 
 
 Prince. 
 
 Quarrel. 
 
 Ramard. 
 
 Revel. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Quarrels. 
 
 Rambelow. 
 
 Rex. 
 
 Prizeman. 
 
 Quarry. 
 
 Ramsbottom. 
 
 Reynard. 
 
 Proctor. 
 
 Quart. 
 
 Range. 
 
 Ribbons. 
 
 Profit. 
 
 Quarterly. 
 
 Ranger. 
 
 Rice. 
 
 Prong. 
 
 Quarterman. 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Prophet. 
 
 Quarters. 
 
 Ransom. 
 
 Richbell. 
 
 Proud. 
 
 Quash. 
 
 Rant. 
 
 Richer. 
 
 Proudfit. 
 
 Quear. 
 
 Rap. 
 
 Riches. 
 
 Proudfoot. 
 
 Queen. 
 
 Rape. 
 
 Rick. 
 
 Proudiock. 
 
 Quell. 
 
 Rash. 
 
 Rickets. 
 
 Proudlove. 
 
 Quere. 
 
 Rasp. 
 
 Ricks. 
 
 Proudman. 
 
 Quest. 
 
 Ratf 
 
 Riddle. 
 
 Prudence. 
 
 Question. 
 
 Rate. 
 
 Ride. 
 
 Prudent. 
 
 Quhitelaw. 
 
 Rathbone. 
 
 Rideout. 
 
 Puddifoot. 
 
 Quick. 
 
 Rather. 
 
 Rider. 
 
 Puddle. 
 
 Quicklove. 
 
 Rattle. 
 
 Ridge. 
 
 Puff. 
 Puffer. 
 
 Quickly. 
 Quill. 
 
 Raven. 
 Raw. 
 
 Riding. 
 Ridings. 
 
 Pull. 
 
 Quilt. 
 
 Rawbone. 
 
 Right. 
 
 Pulley. 
 
 Quilter. 
 
 Ray. 
 
 Rightly. 
 
 Pulse. 
 
 Quince. 
 
 Reach. 
 
 Ring. 
 
 Punch. 
 Punchard. 
 
 Quintal. 
 Quire. 
 
 Reader. 
 Readless. 
 
 Ringgold. 
 Ringlet. 
 
 Puncheon. 
 
 Quirk. 
 
 Ready. 
 
 Rings. 
 
 Purchase. 
 
 
 Real. 
 
 Ringwell. 
 
 Purely. 
 
 
 Ream. 
 
 Rino. 
 
 Purge. 
 
 P 
 
 Rear. 
 
 Rip, 
 
 Purple. 
 
 MM 
 
 Reason. 
 
 Risband. 
 
 Purr. 
 
 
 Reckless. 
 
 Rise. 
 
 Purse. 
 
 Rabbit. 
 
 Record. 
 
 Rising. 
 
 Pursglove. 
 
 Race. 
 
 Red. 
 
 Risk. 
 
 Purslove. 
 
 Rack. 
 
 Redcock. 
 
 Rivet. 
 
 Pushing. 
 
 Raffle. 
 
 Reddish. 
 
 Roach. 
 
 Pussy. 
 
 Raffles. 
 
 Redfoot. 
 
 Road. 
 
PECULIAJl SURNAMES. 
 
 161 
 
 Roak. 
 
 Ruff. 
 
 Saunter. 
 
 Sentance. 
 
 Roan. 
 
 Ruffle. 
 
 Saveall. 
 
 Sequin. 
 
 Roarer. 
 
 Rufus. 
 
 Savory. 
 
 Service. 
 
 Roast. 
 
 Rugg. 
 
 Saw. 
 
 Sessions. 
 
 Rob. 
 
 ' Rugs. 
 
 Saws. 
 
 Setter. 
 
 Robe. 
 
 Rule. 
 
 Saxon. 
 
 Settle. 
 
 Robin. 
 
 Rum. 
 
 Sayman. 
 
 Seton. 
 
 Rock. 
 
 Rum age. 
 
 Saywell. 
 
 Sex. 
 
 Rocket. 
 
 Rumball. 
 
 Scaffold. 
 
 Sexty. 
 
 Rod. 
 
 Rumbell. 
 
 Scamp. 
 
 Shade. 
 
 Roe. 
 
 Rumbellow. 
 
 Scarce. 
 
 Shaddock. 
 
 Roebuck. 
 
 Rumble. 
 
 Scaredevil. 
 
 Shakeshaft. 
 
 Roll. 
 
 Rummer. 
 
 Scattergood. 
 
 Shakspeare. 
 
 Rolls. 
 
 Rump. 
 
 Scholar. 
 
 Shallow. 
 
 Roman. 
 
 Ruse. 
 
 Schoolcraft. 
 
 Shally. 
 
 Rome. 
 
 Rush. 
 
 Schooling. 
 
 Shamely. 
 
 Rood. 
 
 Rushbrook. 
 
 Scipio. 
 
 Shark. 
 
 Roof. 
 
 Rushout. 
 
 Scolding. 
 
 Sharkey. 
 
 Rook. 
 
 Rust. 
 
 Score. 
 
 Sharpless. 
 
 Rooker. 
 
 Rye. 
 
 Scragg. 
 
 Sharpley. 
 
 Room. 
 
 
 Screech. 
 
 Shatter. 
 
 Roost. 
 
 
 Screen. 
 
 Shatterfoot. 
 
 Root. 
 
 s. 
 
 Scroggs. 
 
 Shave. 
 
 Rope. 
 
 
 Scrubbs. 
 
 Shaveall. 
 
 Roper. 
 
 Sack. 
 
 Scuffle. 
 
 Shaves. 
 
 Ropeyarn. 
 
 Sacks. 
 
 Scurry. 
 
 Sheaf. 
 
 Rose. 
 
 Safe. 
 
 Scutcheon. 
 
 Sheargold. 
 
 Rosebottom. 
 
 Sage. 
 
 Seaborn. 
 
 Shears. 
 
 Rosewell. 
 
 Sail. 
 
 Seabright. 
 
 Sheath. 
 
 Rosewharm. 
 
 Saint. 
 
 Seacock. 
 
 Shed. 
 
 Rotten. 
 
 Sale. 
 
 Seacole. 
 
 Sheepwash. 
 
 Rough. 
 
 Sales. 
 
 Seafart. 
 
 Sheepshanks. 
 
 Roughead. 
 
 Sail. 
 
 Seagood. 
 
 Sheet. 
 
 Roughly. 
 
 Salmon. 
 
 Seal. 
 
 Sheets. 
 
 Round. 
 
 Salt. 
 
 Seaquill. 
 
 Shelf. 
 
 Roundtree. 
 
 Same. 
 
 Search. 
 
 Shell. 
 
 Rout. 
 
 Sample. 
 
 Searchwell. 
 
 Shergold. 
 
 Row. 
 
 Sanctuary. 
 
 Seas. 
 
 Sherry. 
 
 Rowbottom. 
 
 Sand. 
 
 Seasongood. 
 
 Sliew. 
 
 Rowell. 
 
 Sandal. 
 
 See. 
 
 Shewcraft. 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Sandell. 
 
 Seedsman. 
 
 Shield. 
 
 Ruby. 
 
 Sandman. 
 
 Segar. 
 
 Shilling. 
 
 Ruck. 
 
 Sands. 
 
 Self. 
 
 Shillinglaw. 
 
 Rudder. 
 
 Sandy. 
 
 Send. 
 
 Shin. 
 
 Ruddy. 
 
 Sattenshall. 
 
 Sendall. 
 
 Ship. 
 
 'Rue. 
 
 Saul. 
 
 Sendfirst. 
 
 Shiplake. 
 
 M 
 
162 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Shipperbottom. 
 
 Silks. 
 
 Smoothy. 
 
 Spilling. 
 
 Shipping. 
 Shipwash. 
 
 Sill. 
 Silly. 
 
 Snare. 
 Sneezum. 
 
 Spiltimber. 
 Spindle. 
 
 Shipway. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Snipes. 
 
 Spine. 
 
 Shirt. 
 
 Silverlock. 
 
 Snooks. 
 
 Spinnage. 
 
 Shirtcliff. 
 
 Silverside. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Spinning. 
 
 Shoe. 
 
 Silversides. 
 
 Snowball. 
 
 Spire. 
 
 Shoebottom. 
 
 Silverstone. 
 
 Snugg. 
 
 Spires. 
 
 Shoecraft. 
 
 Simmer. 
 
 Sockett. 
 
 Spirit. 
 
 Shoesmith. 
 
 Simper. 
 
 Soda. 
 
 Spirt. 
 
 Shooter. 
 
 Simple. 
 
 Sofa. 
 
 Spite. 
 
 Shorthose. 
 
 Sinfoot. 
 
 Softly. 
 
 Spittle. 
 
 Shortland. 
 
 Sinew. 
 
 Sole. 
 
 Spittlehouse. 
 
 Shotbolt. 
 
 Sing. 
 
 Sop. 
 
 Spleen. 
 
 Shott. 
 
 Skill. 
 
 Sore. 
 
 Splint. 
 
 Shout. 
 
 Skillet. 
 
 Sorely. 
 
 Spokes. 
 
 Shouter. 
 
 Skin. 
 
 Soul. 
 
 Spoon. 
 
 Shove. 
 
 Skip. 
 
 Sour. 
 
 Spooney. 
 
 Shovel. 
 
 Skipper. 
 
 Sourbuts. 
 
 Spose. 
 
 Show. 
 
 Slack. 
 
 Sounnilk. 
 
 Spotts. 
 
 Shrub. 
 
 Slate. 
 
 Sourwine. 
 
 Sprat. 
 
 Shuffle. 
 
 Slaughter. 
 
 Sours. 
 
 Sprawling. 
 
 Shufflebottom. 
 
 Slaymaker. 
 
 Southcoat. 
 
 Spray. 
 
 Shuffler. 
 
 Sleep. 
 
 Soy. 
 
 Spread. 
 
 Shun. 
 
 Slender. 
 
 Spade. 
 
 Spngg. 
 
 Shutter. 
 
 Slewman. 
 
 Span. 
 
 Spriggs. 
 
 Shuttle. 
 
 Slide. 
 
 Spar. 
 
 Spring. 
 
 Sicily. 
 
 Slight. 
 
 Spare. 
 
 Sprout. 
 
 Sickman. 
 
 Slinger. 
 
 Spark. 
 
 Spruce. 
 
 Side. 
 
 Slipper. 
 
 Sparks. 
 
 Spry. 
 
 Sidebother. 
 
 Slow. 
 
 Sparrow. 
 
 Spurr. 
 
 Sidebottom. 
 
 Slowman. 
 
 Spavin. 
 
 Square. 
 
 Singleday. 
 Sink. 
 
 Sly. 
 Small. 
 
 Speak. 
 Spear. 
 
 Squib. 
 
 Squirrel. 
 
 Sinker. 
 
 Smallbone. 
 
 Spearpoint. 
 
 Stabb. 
 
 Sirr. 
 
 Smallbyhynd. 
 
 Speck. 
 
 Stable. 
 
 Sit well. 
 
 Smaller. 
 
 Speed. 
 
 Stack. 
 
 Six. 
 
 Smallman. 
 
 Spell. 
 
 Staff. 
 
 Sixty. 
 
 Smallpage. 
 
 Speller. 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Sixsmith. 
 
 Smallpiece. 
 
 Spellin. 
 
 Stagg. 
 
 Size. 
 Sketcher. 
 
 Smart. 
 Smelt. 
 
 Spender. 
 Spendlove. 
 
 Staggers. 
 Stain. 
 
 Sides. 
 
 Smiles. 
 
 Spice. 
 
 Stair. 
 
 
 Smirke. 
 
 Spike. 
 
 Stairbinl. 
 
 Silence. 
 
 Smitten. 
 
 Spiles. 
 
 StainiKin. 
 
 Silk. 
 
 Smoker. 
 
 Spillard. 
 
 Stairs. 
 
PECULIAR SURNAMES. 
 
 163 
 
 Stake. 
 
 Still. 
 
 Strip. 
 
 Surpluss. 
 
 Staker. 
 
 Stillaway. 
 
 Stripe. 
 
 Suttle. 
 
 Stall. 
 
 Still man. 
 
 Stripling. 
 
 Swab. 
 
 Stallion. 
 Stammer. 
 
 Stillwagon. 
 Sting. 
 
 Strode. 
 Strong i'th' arm. 
 
 Swadling. 
 Swallow. 
 
 Stammers. 
 
 Stirrup. 
 
 Strongman. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 Stamp. 
 
 Stitch. 
 
 Struck. 
 
 Swap. 
 
 Stanback. 
 
 Stiver. 
 
 Struggles. 
 
 Swarm. 
 
 Stand ever. 
 
 Stivers. 
 
 Strutt. 
 
 Sweeper. 
 
 Standfast. 
 
 Stocking. 
 
 Stubblefield. 
 
 Sweet. 
 
 Stangroom. 
 
 Stockings. 
 
 Stuck. 
 
 Sweetapple. 
 
 Staple. 
 
 Stocks. 
 
 Studd. 
 
 Sweetlove. 
 
 Staples. 
 
 Stoker. 
 
 Studman. 
 
 Sweetman. 
 
 Star. 
 
 Stones. 
 
 Stuffins. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Starbird. 
 Starboard. 
 
 Stoneystreet. 
 Stopfull. 
 
 Stumbles. 
 Stump. 
 
 Swigg. 
 Swindle. 
 
 Starbuck. 
 
 Stopher. 
 
 Stun. 
 
 Swindler. 
 
 Stare. 
 
 Stopp. 
 
 Sturdy. 
 
 Sword. 
 
 Stares. 
 
 Stops. 
 
 Sturgeon. 
 
 Sworder. 
 
 Stark. 
 
 Stork. 
 
 Style. 
 
 Swords. 
 
 Starkweather. 
 
 Storm. 
 
 Styman. 
 
 Sworn. 
 
 Starling. 
 
 Storms. 
 
 Styx. 
 
 Sycamore. 
 
 Start. 
 
 Story. 
 
 Such. 
 
 Synge. 
 
 Startup. 
 
 Stout. 
 
 Suck. 
 
 Sythe. 
 
 State. 
 
 Stove. 
 
 Suckbitch. 
 
 
 States. 
 
 Stow. 
 
 Sucker. 
 
 
 Station. 
 
 Strain. 
 
 Suckling. 
 
 T 
 
 Stay. 
 
 Straight. 
 
 Sudden. 
 
 1 . 
 
 Stead. 
 
 Strait. 
 
 Sudds. 
 
 
 Stealin. 
 
 Strand. 
 
 Sue. 
 
 Tabernacle. 
 
 Steddy. 
 
 Strange. 
 
 Suet. 
 
 Tack. 
 
 Steed. 
 
 Strap. 
 
 Sugar. 
 
 Tackle. 
 
 Steel. 
 
 Straw. 
 
 Sugarman. 
 
 Tag. 
 
 Steeple. 
 
 Strawmat. 
 
 Sugars. 
 
 Talk. 
 
 Steer. 
 
 Stray. 
 
 Suit. 
 
 Talker. 
 
 Stem. 
 
 Stray line. 
 
 Sulkie. 
 
 Talks. 
 
 Stemfly. 
 
 Stream. 
 
 Sum. 
 
 Tall. 
 
 Step. 
 
 Streamer. 
 
 Summerbell. 
 
 Tall bo v. 
 
 Steptoe. 
 
 Streams 
 
 Summersett. 
 
 Tally. ~ 
 
 Stern. 
 
 Streek. 
 
 Summit. 
 
 Tame. 
 
 Stew. 
 
 Stretch. 
 
 Summons. 
 
 Tank. 
 
 Stick. 
 
 Stride. 
 
 Sunken. 
 
 Tann. 
 
 Stickle. 
 
 Strider. 
 
 Sunshine. 
 
 Tape. 
 
 Stickler. 
 
 Strike. 
 
 Super. 
 
 Taphouse. 
 
 Stiff. 
 
 String. 
 
 Surety. 
 
 Tapp. 
 
 Stilgoe. 
 
 Stringfellow. 
 
 Surplice. 
 
 Tapper. 
 
 M 2 
 
164 
 
 A SELECT LIST OF 
 
 Tarbottom. 
 
 Tether. 
 
 Timber. 
 
 Topcoat. 
 
 Tarbox. 
 
 Thaler. 
 
 Timberlake. 
 
 Tope. 
 
 Tarbuck. 
 
 Thane. 
 
 Timbers. 
 
 Topless. 
 
 Tardy. 
 
 Thaw. 
 
 Times. 
 
 Topp. 
 
 Tares. 
 
 Thew. 
 
 Timeslow. 
 
 1 upper. 
 
 Target. 
 
 Thick. 
 
 Timewell. 
 
 Tout. 
 
 Tarr. 
 
 Thickbroom. 
 
 Tingle. 
 
 Tow. 
 
 Tarry. 
 
 Thin. 
 
 Tink. 
 
 Towell. 
 
 Tart. 
 
 Thing. 
 
 Tinker. 
 
 Toy. 
 
 Tassel. 
 
 Third. 
 
 Tinkling. 
 
 Trail. 
 
 Tatler. 
 
 Thirkettle. 
 
 Tinline. 
 
 Train. 
 
 Tat lock. 
 
 Thirst. 
 
 Tinn. 
 
 Trainer. 
 
 Tatt. 
 
 Thistle. 
 
 Tiplady. 
 
 Trapp. 
 
 Tatters. 
 
 Thorn. 
 
 Tipler. 
 
 1 ravel. 
 
 Tattle. 
 
 Thorns. 
 
 Tipp. 
 
 Tray. 
 
 Taunt. 
 Taw. 
 Tawney. 
 Tayles. 
 
 Thorogall. 
 Thoroughgood. 
 Thousandpound 
 Thrash. 
 
 Tippet. 
 Tipple. 
 Title. 
 Titmouse. 
 
 Tray foot. 
 Treadgokl. 
 Treasure. 
 Treble. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 Thrasher. 
 
 Titter. 
 
 Tree. 
 
 Teachem. 
 
 Threader. 
 
 Tittle. 
 
 Tremble. 
 
 Teal. 
 Tear. 
 
 Threadgold. 
 Threeneedle. 
 
 Toad. 
 Toadwine. 
 
 Tres. 
 Tribe. 
 
 Tears. 
 
 Thresher. 
 
 Toby. 
 
 Tribute. 
 
 Teas. 
 
 Thrift. 
 
 Toddy. 
 
 Trice. 
 
 Teat. 
 
 Thrush. 
 
 v Todhunter. 
 
 Trick. 
 
 Teats. 
 
 Thrustout. 
 
 Toe. 
 
 Tricker. 
 
 Tee. 
 
 Thurkettle. 
 
 Toes. 
 
 Trickey. 
 
 Teeth. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Toewater. 
 
 Trim. 
 
 Telfair. 
 Tell. 
 
 Thursday. 
 Thus. 
 
 Tolefree. 
 Toll. 
 
 Trimmer. 
 Trinkle. 
 
 Telling. 
 Tempest. 
 Ten. 
 Tenant. 
 
 Tick. 
 Tickle. 
 Ticklepenny. 
 Tidy. 
 
 Tolls. 
 Tolman. 
 Torn. 
 Tombs. 
 
 Trip. 
 Triplett. 
 Trist. 
 Trivett. 
 
 Tench. 
 rill 
 
 Tidyman. 
 Tie. 
 
 Tommy. 
 Tone. 
 
 Trodden. 
 Trollop. 
 
 Tenet. 
 
 Tier. 
 
 Tongs. 
 
 Troop. 
 
 ds. 
 
 Tiff. 
 
 Tongue. 
 
 Trope. 
 
 Tense. 
 
 Till'iiny. 
 
 Toogood. 
 
 Trotman. 
 
 Tent. 
 
 Tiffin. 
 
 Took. 
 
 Trott. 
 
 Tcnfimes. 
 
 Tiger. 
 
 Tool. 
 
 Trotter. 
 
 Terrier. 
 
 Test. 
 
 Tight. 
 
 Till. 
 
 Toombs. 
 Toot. 
 
 Trout. 
 
 Trow. 
 
 Tester. 
 
 Tilt. 
 
 Tooth. 
 
 'IK. well. 
 
 Testimony. 
 
 Tiltm.-iii 
 
 Toothaker. 
 
 Troy. 
 
PECULIAR SURNAMES. 
 
 165 
 
 Truant. 
 
 Tye. 
 
 Vineyard. 
 
 Wares. 
 
 Truck. 
 
 Type. 
 
 Violet. 
 
 Wardrobe. 
 
 True. 
 
 
 Viper. 
 
 Warn. 
 
 Truebody. 
 
 
 Virgin. 
 
 Warr. 
 
 Truefit. 
 
 u. 
 
 Virgo. 
 
 Warrior. 
 
 Truelove. 
 
 
 Virtue. 
 
 Wart. 
 
 Trull. 
 
 TTo-lv 
 
 Voice. 
 
 W T ash. 
 
 Truly. 
 
 U &V' 
 
 Uncle. 
 
 Vowel. 
 
 Washer. 
 
 Truman. 
 
 T Tnr*lpQ 
 
 Vox. 
 
 Wasp. 
 
 Truss. 
 
 U i M U. > . 
 
 Under. 
 
 Vulgar. 
 
 Waste. 
 
 Trust. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 
 Watch. 
 
 Trusty. 
 
 Unite. 
 
 
 Watchman. 
 
 Try. 
 Try on. 
 Tub. 
 Tubman. 
 
 Unthank. 
 Upjohn. 
 Upward. 
 Urin. 
 
 w. 
 
 Waddilove. 
 
 Water. 
 Waterfall. 
 Waterhair. 
 Watering. 
 
 Tuck. 
 
 
 Wade. 
 
 Waterman. 
 
 Tucker. 
 
 
 Waddle. 
 
 Waterguard. 
 
 Tuft. 
 
 
 Wafer. 
 
 Wattle. 
 
 Tufts. 
 
 V. 
 
 Wager. 
 
 Wax. 
 
 Tulip. 
 
 
 Wagg. 
 
 Way. 
 
 Tune. 
 
 Vail. 
 
 Wagless. 
 
 Wavgood. 
 
 Tunn. 
 
 Vain. 
 
 Wail. 
 
 Wayman. 
 
 Tunnell. 
 
 Valiant. 
 
 Wailes. 
 
 Weak. 
 
 Tunney. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Wain. 
 
 Weal. 
 
 Turning. 
 
 Van. 
 
 Wainscoat. 
 
 Wean. 
 
 Turk. 
 
 Vast. 
 
 Waiscot. 
 
 W^ear. 
 
 Turns. 
 
 Veal. 
 
 Wait. 
 
 Weatherbee. 
 
 Turtle. 
 
 Venus. 
 
 Wake. 
 
 Weatherhead. 
 
 Twa. 
 
 Verge. 
 
 Waker. 
 
 Weatherhog. 
 
 Twaddle. 
 
 Verity. 
 
 Walk. 
 
 Weatherspoon. 
 
 Tweedle. 
 
 Vert. 
 
 Wall. 
 
 Weatherstone. 
 
 Twelve. 
 
 Very. 
 
 Wallduck. 
 
 Weatherwax. 
 
 Twelves. 
 
 Vesper. 
 
 Wallet. 
 
 Webb. 
 
 Twelvetrees. 
 
 Vessel. 
 
 Wallower. 
 
 Wedd. 
 
 Twentyman. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Wand. 
 
 Wedge. 
 
 Twice.' 
 
 Vest. 
 
 Wane. 
 
 Wedgewood. 
 
 Twiceaday. 
 
 Vestal. 
 
 Want. 
 
 Wedlock. 
 
 Twig. 
 
 Vial. 
 
 Wanton. 
 
 Weed. 
 
 Twilight. 
 
 Vice. 
 
 Wapper. 
 
 Week. 
 
 Twin. 
 
 Victory. 
 
 Warble. 
 
 Weeks. 
 
 Twine. 
 
 Vigor. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 Weekly. 
 
 Twist. 
 
 Vigors. 
 
 Wardlaw. 
 
 Weeks. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Vile. 
 
 Wardrobe. 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Twopenny. 
 
 Vine. 
 
 Ware. 
 
 Weightman. 
 
 Twopotts. 
 
 Vinegar. 
 
 Waredraper. 
 
 Welfare. 
 
166 A SELECT LIST OF PECULIAR SURAMES. 
 
 Welfill. 
 
 AVhitlow. 
 
 AA T intermute. 
 
 Wrapp. 
 
 Well. 
 
 AVhittle. 
 
 AVintersmith. 
 
 Wrath. 
 
 Welladvice. 
 
 AVhy. 
 
 AViper. 
 
 Wren. 
 
 AA'ellbeloved. 
 
 Whymark. 
 
 AVire. 
 
 AVrench. 
 
 AVellborn. 
 
 AVick. 
 
 AA'ires. 
 
 AVrinkle. 
 
 Wellcome. 
 
 Wicker. 
 
 Wisdom. 
 
 AVrite. 
 
 Wellhop. 
 
 Widdow. 
 
 Wise. 
 
 AYroth. 
 
 AVells. 
 
 Wide. 
 
 AVisecup. 
 
 Wry. 
 
 Welp. 
 
 Widows. 
 
 AViseman. 
 
 AVulgar. 
 
 Wench. 
 
 Wife. 
 
 Wish. 
 
 Wunder. 
 
 Went. 
 
 Wig. 
 
 AVisher. 
 
 Wunderly. 
 
 AVest. 
 
 AVight. 
 
 AVit. 
 
 AA 7 unders. 
 
 Westcoat. 
 
 AVild. 
 
 Witch. 
 
 Worst 
 
 AVestland. 
 
 AVildblood. 
 
 Witcraft. 
 
 
 AVestwood. 
 
 AVildboar. 
 
 With. 
 
 
 Whale. 
 
 Whalebelly. 
 
 AVildgoose. 
 AVildish. 
 
 AVithcraft. 
 AVitty. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Whalebone. 
 
 AVildman. 
 
 AVoad. 
 
 
 Wharf 
 
 Wildsmith. 
 
 AVolf. 
 
 VI 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 AVile. 
 
 Wonder. 
 
 Vam 
 
 Wheatcroft. 
 
 AVilks. 
 
 AVomlers. 
 
 i tiin. 
 
 Whe 
 
 Will 
 
 AA r oodbine. 
 
 VtJW 
 
 Wheeler. 
 
 AVilling. 
 
 Woodcock. 
 
 X d\V 
 
 Vpo 
 
 Whelps. 
 Wherry. 
 
 Wily. 
 AVinch. 
 
 Woodfall. 
 Woodfork. 
 
 X L 1.1. 
 
 Yearly. 
 
 While. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 AVoodhead. 
 
 Vpllnw 
 
 Whip. 
 
 Windard. 
 
 Woodman. 
 
 i enow. 
 Yeoman. 
 
 Whippy. 
 
 Winder. 
 
 Woodnot 
 
 VPW 
 
 Whirlpenny. 
 
 Windmill. 
 
 AVoodthrift. 
 
 1 cW. 
 
 Vnn 
 
 AVhisker. 
 Whistler. 
 Whist 
 
 AVhiteboon. 
 AVhitebread. 
 AVhitefoot. 
 
 AVhitrhair. 
 Whitrhan<l. 
 
 Window. 
 AVindows. 
 AVindybank. 
 AVine. 
 Winugar. 
 Wines. 
 Winfarthing. 
 AVing. 
 
 Woodyard. 
 Woof. 
 AVool. 
 Woollen. 
 AVoolly. 
 Word. 
 World. 
 AVorm. 
 
 X * Ml. 
 
 Youngblood. 
 Founghaaband 
 
 Youngjohns. 
 Younglove. 
 Youngnian. 
 Youngmav. 
 Yule. 
 
 Wliiteln-a'1. 
 
 Wink. 
 
 Worms. 
 
 
 Whiteheat. 
 
 AVinker. 
 
 Worn. 
 
 
 AVhitchorse. 
 
 Winks. 
 
 WORT. 
 
 
 AVhitcland. 
 
 Winner. 
 
 AVorship. 
 
 . 
 
 AVhitclegg, 
 
 WinjK-nny. 
 
 Wort. 
 
 
 AVhitclock. 
 
 Winter. 
 
 Worth, 
 
 Zeal. 
 
 WhitcHide. 
 
 Wintri-flood. 
 
 Worthy. 
 
 
 Whitethread. 
 
 AVinterhalter. 
 
 W ml< (have. 
 
 Zink? g * 
 
PnMf.ln'tI, ///-/(V 1-lx., tlrni}/ Sr, r/of/t. lettcreil, 
 
 VERBA NOMINALIA ; OR, WORDS DERIVED 
 FROM PROPER NAMES. 
 
 BY RICHARD STEPHEN CHARNOCK, PII.DR., 
 
 F.8.A., F.R.G.S., F.R.8.8.A., F.R.S.N.A., 
 
 VICE-PHESIDENT OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON; FOREIGN ASSOCIATE ol 
 THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PAIilS ; COKliKSFONDING MEMBER OF THE NEW ENGLAND 
 HISTORIC-GLNEALOGICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 LONDON : TRUBNER & Co., 60, PATERNOSTER Row. 
 
 " The book necessarily contains some instructive, and in many cases very amusing in- 
 formation, which will to some readers be entirely new, and it is particularly well suited for 
 the use of schools and teachers." The London Review. 
 
 " There are few etymologists who can afford to dispense with the book. The plan is well 
 conceived and happily carried out." Reader. 
 
 " Dr. Charnock has worked out his idea very completely and well, and given us a book 
 which no one should fail to possess." Court Circular. 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 Price 12s., demy Svo, cloth, lettered, 
 
 LOCAL ETYMOLOGY: 
 
 a Bertbattbe Dtcttonarg of <3kograpf)tcal JBLames. 
 
 LONDON: HOULSTON & WRIGHT, 65, PATERNOSTER Row. 
 
 " Contains a large selection of names most likely to be sought for, and is carefully com- 
 piled." Examiner. 
 
 " An immense amount of industry has been brought to bear upon the compilation of this 
 dictionary. Those interested in such a study will, in this dictionary, find a help such as 
 they have hitherto found the want of." Morning Post. 
 
 " Contains the etymology of about 3000 names of most interest to the general reader ; 
 but the reader may, by applying the information furnished by Dr. Charnock with reference 
 to the prefixes and affixes of local names, carry the work far beyond the limits within which 
 the author has confined himself." Notes and Queries. 
 
 " A volume on which Dr. Charnock has spent much labour, with corresponding success." 
 Athenajum, 
 
 " The genealogies have been followed out with much labour and research through nume- 
 rous languages." Globe. 
 
 " As a compilation, it indicates a considerable amount of philological attainment, and less 
 of that perplexing ingenuity so characteristic of etymologists, which amuses rather than 
 instructs." Westminster Review. 
 
 " The two great requisites for the task were industry and judgment, and by the help of 
 these Dr. Charnock has produced a useful and instructive, and we may add, an entertain- 
 ing and curious volume." Morning Chronicle. 
 
 " To a conviction of the importance of the study of etymology, together with a love of 
 the study itself on the part of Dr. Charnock, we are indebted for the present admirable 
 volume, which for conscientious inquiry, accuracy and skill in the performance, could scarcely 
 be surpassed in value, and, as such, is constituted an incontestable authority in the matter 
 of which it treats. It will accordingly find grateful acceptance with antiquaries, students, 
 and men of letters. The work is marked by diligent research in ancient and modern 
 languages, and the consultation of numerous histories and other works." Daily Telegraph. 
 
 " Dr. Charnock deserves every credit for producing, within the moderate limits of an 
 octavo volume, a work which, while its well-digested conciseness cannot fail to render it 
 acceptable to the general reader, is entirely free from that flippant style of jumping at con- 
 clusions without research which excites the contempt of the genuine archaeologist. The 
 author has shown himself to possess sound discrimination as well as extensive reading, the 
 power of condensing much important matter within a narrow compass, and a judgment not 
 to be led astray by specious but superficial and conjectural derivation." Atlas. 
 
 " It suggests some curious and interesting topics to the philologist." All tfie Year 
 Round. 
 
 " Great in Indian terms." Dorset County Chronicle. 
 
 " Dr. Charnock has produced a book which, divested of the dulness of 'word-books ' in 
 general, whilst exhibiting in an eminent degree a scholar-like acquirement, and an acute- 
 ness of research and discrimination, and no slight knowledge of many tongues, presents a 
 good deal of pleasant reading and many historical, descriptive, and anecdotal remarks. In 
 this respect, of all etymological dictionaries, a topographical one no doubt affords a more 
 ample fielu for an easy, discursive, and generally interesting treatment of the subject than 
 
any other branch of philological learning Granting this, Dr. Charnock has executed his 
 task in all the foregoing respects with a method, correctness, amplitude, and carefulness 
 vl.ich entitle his work to the commendation and enconratremenr of all those who take an 
 interest in philological research. The author does not confine himself to Great Britain ; 
 other countries in all quarters of the world come in for a fair share of his labours and 
 and researches in upwards of serenty languages and dialects, amongst which th Anglo- 
 Saxon seems to hav- been the subject of intimate study. An additional value is given to 
 he work by the pronunciation of the names being added when necessary and l.v the clear- 
 the detail, which renders it useful even to those who have no "great knowledge cf 
 " ISt Ut thU Same Uine il ' S D0t cumbered with a redundancy of words."- Lin- 
 
 Price 7s. Qd., I2mo, cloth, lettered, 
 
 BRADSHAWS ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK 
 TO SPAIN AND PORTUGAL : 
 
 A complete Guide for Travellers in the Peninsula, with Maps, Town 
 
 Plans, &c. 
 
 LONDON : W. J. ADAMS, 59, FLEET STREET. 
 
 ALSO, 
 . Price 3s. Qd., I2mo, cloth, lettered, 
 
 GUIDE TO THE TYROL; 
 
 ( OMPRISING PEDESTRIAN TOURS OF 1600 MILES IN TYROL, STYRIA, CARIN- 
 TIIIA, AND SALZKAMMERGUT, WITH A SKELETON MAP OF THE COUNTRY. 
 
 LONDON: W. J. ADAMS, 59, FLEET STREET. 
 
 PUt thlS " iCe HUle gUid in y Ur P cket ' and and see thc country.' 
 
 "As a brief record of personal experience, this little volume, which would occum- small 
 space in the corner of a knapsack, will, we have no donbt, prove a most useful companion 
 to any one who proposes to follow the author's footsteps through the beautiful scenery to 
 In- Brand among the mountains and valleys of the Tyrol." Notes and Queries 
 
 " For full information on the Tyrol we beg to refer our readers to a concise, useful, and 
 interesting little work just published, entitled Guide to the Tyrol,' by R. S Charnock." 
 hradthaw't Continental Railway Guide. 
 
 - This book is not only interesting, but useful. The information it contains will enable 
 the tourist to make his way through a large portion of the finest scenery in Kin-ope with no 
 tlmn * Heht PUr9C> * C0tton umbrella and a leather knapsack." Horning 
 
 line, anil a mcd.-l of brevity."- Dorset County Chronicle. 
 
 With this work, the pedestrian may learn how to spend a month or six weeks among 
 the most magnificent scenery in the world, and at a cost considerably under 20. "^-Af Hilary 
 Spectator. 
 
 in recommend the work as a thoroughly practical guide." Bristol Mercury 
 
 ngly iid vis- i-v.-ry one who contemplates going over this ground to purchase this 
 excellent little book, which enters sufficiently into detail to satisfy anv traveller and is 
 
 'Cambridge Independent. 
 
 y written, and contains many useful hints. It is a very useful vade mecum for 
 traveller-. I'.n.jhlon Gazette. 
 
 " If any of our r-a-l.-rs are thinking of a continental tour, and wish to deviate somewhat 
 from tl,.- beaten track, we recommend them to be off to the Tyrol, and to take this hook 
 for a pocket companion." Bradford Obierver. 
 
 // Publication, 
 
 A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS used 
 
 in the County of Essex. 
 
 THE ETYMOLOGY OF CORNISH SURNAMES, 
 
 THE BASQUE, and its connexion with other 
 
 Languages. 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 LOAN DEPT. 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
 on the date to which renewed. 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 
 
 * ftf)*- r --r n 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ri 
 
 
 WAR 2 8 1951 
 
 
 l/MavlfiAVf 
 
 
 R EC'D LD 
 
 
 - iwno'64-tt 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Library 
 University of California 
 Berkeley 
 
 uui 4 iaeo 
 
 
 
YB 21833 
 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY