11?^ I •qiT^N'^ IBR CAP ffi i i 1(1^1 C3 O- iANCEIfj> 3AINa]\\V lANCElfx ^^^l•llBRARY6 •IIRRARY/;. 70JITV3 •JO^ %, 33 cI- "j 1 ^-^ rCAlIFOffx ]AlNn]\\V li ^-RARYQr 19 i S ^>r, "A^mfr }RARY<9/ ;\>F r?;!vrpv, V)| Or- NOTES ON THE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS OF ENGLAND and FRANCE 1603— 1688 Lists of Ambassadors from England to France and from France to England COMPILED BY C. H. FIRTH, M.A. REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD AND S. C. LOMAS B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 & 51 BROAD STREET 1906 3 ooc. // ps^y? / f^o 7^8^ PREFACE. The lists which follow have been compiled in order to facilitate the study of the relations of England and France during the Stuart period. The absence of an}' published lists of English ambassadors anterior to 1790 is a great obstacle to the sys- tematic study of the foreign policy of Great Britain. The printed list of ambassadors originally inserted b}^ Beatson in his Political Index, 1806, and continued by Haydn and Ockerby, begins with the 3'ear 1760. (See Maj'dn, Book of Dignities, ed. H. Ockerb}', London, 1890, pp. 112-137). It is hoped some time to continue the present list from 1688 to 1760, and also to complete it by adding similar lists dealing with the relations of England to other European states. It seemed desirable, however, to print this as it stands, because it was needed for immediate use by pupils. For their benefit also an attempt has been made to show where the original despatches of each particular ambassador are to be found, and what part of them is accessible in print. A list of ambassadors from France to England is equally ^essential for reference. That which follows is based on the list of French ambassadors in England from 1509 to 1714, drawn up by M. Armand Baschet, and printed in the Appendix to the 37th Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (pp. 180-197). The references to M.SS. in the Bibliothcquc Nationale are given on the authority of M. Baschet. To them, for the convenienccof students, there have been added a number of references to books and collections of documents in wliich letters, instructions, and extracts from the correspondence of the various ambassadors are accessible in print. Lists of the transcripts of the correspondence of these ambassadors made under the direction of M. Baschet, and transmitted to the Record Office, are contained in Reports 40-47 of tiie Deputy A 2 441328 i\. PREFACE. Keeper of the I'ublie Records. Since these transcripts cover the whole of the period from 1603 to 1688 a general reference to them is sufllcient, and they are not specially mentioned in the notice devoted to each particular ambassador, but the value of this splendid series to students cannot be over- estimated. They are accessible to all searchers at the Public Record Oflice. A catalogue of French ambassadors to England made by John Holmes, and covering the period from 1351 to 1741, is to be found in the British Museum {Add. MSS. 20761-4). He compiled also a similar catalogue of English ambassadors to Foreign States, 1335-1770 {Add. MSS. 20^6^-6). Both are too defective to be of much use. The lists given by Mr. F. S. Thomas in his Historical Notes are better, but also very defective, being (as he explains) merely references jotted down for his own use. In 1903 the Frencli government published the first volume of an Invcntaire Sommaire dcs Archives des Affaires Etrangcres — Correspondance Politique. It contains, besides a brief indication of the contents of the volumes of letters and documents catalogued, a list of French ambassadors and agents employed in England. As it omits those w^hose papers are not in the Archives of the French Foreign Office, it is less complete than Baschet's list, and there are many discrepancies both as to names and dates between the two lists. References to this Catalogue are inserted in these Notes as Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, with the number of the volume added. In the case of standard books of which several editions exist it will be convenient to state here the edition re- ferred to. References to Dr. Gardiner's History of England and its continuations are to the cabinet edition in crown Svo. Those to Macaulay are to the cabinet edition in eight volumes published in 1858, and those to Dalrymple's Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland to the edition of 1790. In the case of Ranke's History of England the translation published at Ox- ford in 1875 has been used, and for Guizot's works on Oliver and Richard Cromwell the translations in two volumes by A. R. Scoble. ENGLISH AMBASSADORS AND DIPLOMATIC AGENTS IN FRANCE (1603—1688). Sir Thomas Parry, ambassador. Ralph Wiiiwood was resident in France till Jan., 1603. Elizabeth sent Sir Thomas Parry as ambassador thither in Aug., 1602, and James I reaccredited him to Henry IV (Birch, I'^iew of the Negotiations betiveen England, France, and Brussels, p. 203 ; Kcrmaingant, Mission de Cliristophe dc Harlay, i. 52, 74, 93, no). Parry remained in France till the Spring of 1606. His letter of recall is undated: his recredentials dated Mar. 3, 1606, and second recre- dentials, April 15, 1606 {State Papers, France, vol. 53; Kermainganl, ii. 318-9). Many letters from Parry to Cecil are in vols. 49-53 of State Papers, France. Sir George Carew, ambassador. Instructions Oct., 1605 {State Papers, France, vol. 52). Carcvv entered Paris Dec. 13, and had audience Dec. 28, 1605 {ib., cf. Kcrmaingant, i. 269, 278; ii. 319). His recredentials from Henry IV are dated Oct. 2, and his last letter from Paris Sept. 25, 1609 {id , vol. 55). On Oct. 15 Caiew was back in Fnglaiid. Letteis from Carew to Salisbury are contained in State Papers, /•'ranee, vols. 52-55. See also Birch, Vieiv oj the Negotiations, pp. 222, 233, 253, and IVinwood State Papers, vol. ii, p. 195. On his return Carew drew up a 'Relation of the State of France, with the character of Henry IV, &c.', wliicli is printed in full by Birch, i)p. 415-528. The 'Relation' is now in the British Museum, Add. M.S. Sir Thomas Edmondes, ambassador. InsUuclions abcnil May 14, 1610 {Stale Papers, France, vol. 56). Arrives in i'aris Ma}' 24 {ib.; see also Birch, Vicxv of the Negotiations, pp. 301, 313, 405: Winivood Papers, iii. 173). Edmondes returned to England Feb., 1614, and was there till end of March 'about a match with the second daughter of France' {Cal. S. P. Dam., 1611-18, pp. 225-8). Instructions on going again to France, Jul}' 17, 1614 {State Papers, France, vol. 62). Warrant for commission to Hay and Edmondes con- cerning the marriage treaty, May, 1616 {ib., vol. 65). Recredentials from Louis XIII, Dec. 18, 16 16 {ib., vol. 66). Edmondes was in England from about Dec. 21, 1616, to the beginning of May, 16 17. Arrived in Paris about June 2, iGi^ {lb., vol. 67; Cal. S. P. Dam., 161 1-18, pp. 415, 422,466). He returned to England again Nov., 1617, and was made Treasurer of the Household in Jan., 1618. The State Papers and Correspondence of Sir T. Edmondes, 12 vols, folio, are now in the British Museum, Stowe MSS. 166-177. Letters from him are in State Papers, France, vols. 56-67. Letters to him from Secretary of State, May, 16 10, to Feb., 161 2, are in Foreign Entry Book, 165. Edward, Lord "Wotton, ambassador extraordinar}^ to the Queen of France. Sent Aug., 1610, to get treaty of Aug. 19 sworn to (Birch, View of the Negotiations, pp. 323-5). Instructions {State Papers, France, vol. 56 ; Foreign Entry Book, 165 ; Stowe MS. 177, p. 131). Back in England Oct., 1610. William Beecher, agent. At Paris, 1609-1611. Wrote numerous letters to Salis- bury from Paris (State Papers, France, vols. 55-58). Re- port that he was to succeed Edmondes from Oct., 161 6 {Cat. State Papers, Dom., 1611-18, pp. 399, 465, 483). Recalled Oct., 1618 {ib., p. 583). Letters to the king and Sir T. Lake in 1617-8 {State Papers, France, vols. 67-8). Jam.es, Lord Hay, ambassador extraordinary. Sent about June, 1616, to negotiate a match between the Princess Christina and the Prince of Wales. Com- mission dated June 8 {Rynier, xvi. 788). Returns to England Oct., 16 16 (Birch, View of the Negotiations, p. 398; Cal. S. P. Dom., 161 1-18, pp. 397-8; Nichols, Pro- gresses of James I, iii. 177, 183 ; Wilson, James I, p. 92 ; Gardiner, Hisfory of Engla)id, ii. 391-4). Joint letters from Edmondes and Ha}' to Winwood {State Papers, France, vol. 66). Sir Edward Herbert, afterwards Lord Herbert of Cher- bur}-, ambassador extraordinary, and afterwards ordinar}-. Instructions Ma}- 7, 1619 {Poiuysland Collections, vi. 417; Life of Lord Herlyert, ed. Lee, p. 332). Writes from Paris to Earl of Pembroke May 2, 16 19 (State Papers, France, vol. 68). Recalled from France for challenging Lu3'nes, July, 1621 (ib., vol. 69; Cat. S. P.Doui., 1619- 23, p. 276). Letters, May, 1619 — Feb., 1620, in Add. MS. 7082; other letters in Harleian MS. 1581, and Egerton MS. 2598. Selections printed by Lee, Life of Lord Herbert, pp. 337-353, and by Gardiner, Relations between England and Germany, ii. 12-185. For his own account of his embass}', see Life, pp. 183-226. Herbert was sent again to France in June, 1622 and in Jan. 1623, and writes from Paris Jan. 18-28, 1623 [State Papers, France, vol, 71). Recalled April 14, 1624; re- credentials dated June 9 (Harleian MS., 4593). Letters in State Papers, France, vols. 71-2. See also Lee, Life of Lord Herbeii, pp. 229-252 ; Cabala, p. 231 ; and Tenth Report Hist. MSS. Comm., Pt. iv, MSS. of the Earl of Powis. James Hay, Viscount Doncaster, ambassador extra- ordinary. Sent July, 1621; writes from France Aug., 1621 (State Papers, France, vol. 69). Returned to England Feb. 16, 1622 (Court and Times of James I, i. 295). Recre- dentials Feb. 10-20 (State Papers, France, vol. 70). Sent to France again end of March, 1622, writes from Paris April 14, returns to London July 26, 1622 (State Papers, France, vol. 70; Court and Times of James /, i. 324). Sent a third time to Paris Feb., 1623, makes but a short stay, and follows Pi'incc Charles to Spain (State Papers, France, vol. 71; Court and Times of James I, i. 371-4, 397)- Henry Rich, Lord Kensington, afterwards Earl of Holland, ambassador extraordinary. To be sent to France (Dec, 1623) on proposed mar- riage treaty (Cal. S. P. Dom., 1623-5, P- '24). Sets out Feb., 1624 (//>., p. 158). Arrived at Paris Feb. 20 (State Papers, France, vol. 72). Credentials undated (ib., vol. 7 0- l^raft of conimi-ssioii to Kensington and James Hay, Earl of Carlisle, Mar. 31 {Cal S. P. Dow., 1623-5, p. 203). Instructions to Kensington and Carlisle May 17, and further instructions, undated {S/ale Papcts, France, vol. 72). Kensington returns to England June, 1624 {Cal. S. P. Do))i., 1623-5, P- 283). Recredentials June 18-28 {State Papers, France, vol. 72). Sent back to France as Earl of Holland in July {ib., p. 312). Credentials to King and Queen of France Jul}' 21 and 23 {Foreign Entry Book, 166). Instructions, undated (Harleian MS. 1584). Marriage treaty signed Nov. 10. For letters, see Cabala, pp. 286-294; Clarendon State Papers, vol. ii. Appendix, ii-xxiv; State Papers, France, vols. 72-75. Letters to Carlisle and Holland from Conway and from them to him {Hardwicke State Papers, i. 523-570). James Hay, Earl of Carlisle, joint ambassador with Kensington (see above). Embarks for France May 19, 1624; back in London Dec. 3, 1624; in Paris again Jan., 1625 {State Papers, France, vols. 73-75). Sir George Goring. Despatched to France Sept., 1624, with order to con- clude the marriage articles, &c. {Cat. S. P. Dom., 1623-5, pp. 333-4; Court and Times 0/ James I, ii. 475, 492). Was sent from the King of France with letters to James L just at the time of the latter's death, and was apparently sent back as agent. See letter of April 13 {Foreign Entry Book, 166; State Papers, France, vol. 74; Conrt and Times of Charles I, i. 9, 22, 29). George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. Goes to Paris to fetch Queen Henrietta Maria, arrives May 14, 1625. He is accompanied by Albertus Morton to negotiate a league {State Papers, France, 75 ; Gardiner, V. 330). See Clarendon State Papers, vol. ii. Appendix p. XXV. Hardwicke State Papers, i. 571. Instructions from Buckingham to the fleet appointed to transport the Queen, June 4, 1625 {Cal. 5. P. Dom., 1625-6, p. 38). Sir Edward Barrett. Appointed ambassador to France about March 17, 1625 {Cat. S. P. Dom., 1623-5, P- 502). Instructions actually drafted Dec. 27, 1625 {ib., 1625-9, PP- ^T^, 182). Final instructions, April 30, 1626 {State Papers, France^ vol. 78). Still spoken of as to be ambassador in ordinary in France with the Duke of Buckingham joined with him as ambassador extraordinary Dec. i, 1626 {Cal. S. P. Dojii., 1625-6, p. 485). Thomas Lorkin, agent. Employed as messenger between the ambassadors and King James in 1624-5, spoken of as 'agent' in May, 1625 {State Papers, France, vol. 75). Died about Sept. 29, 1625 {Cal. S. P. Doui., 1625-6, p. 154). See Hard- wicke State Papers, i. 542-6, 555 ; Cabala, p. 294. Walter Montagu. Sent to France in Nov. 1625. Returned bringing promises of restitution of ships and peace Feb., 1626. Sent to France again in Feb. and Sept. 1626 {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1625-6, pp. 155, 246, 254, 258; Foreign Entry Book, 167). Henry Rich, Earl of Holland, and Sir Dudley Carleton, ambassadors extraordinar}'. Credentials Dec. 30, 1625 {Foreign Entry Book, 166). Instructions Dec. 30 {Rymer, xviii. 256; State Papers, France, vol. 76). Recredentials April 4, 1626 {ib., vol. 78). See Gardiner, History of England, vi. 39, 43, 61-5, 89 ; also Report on the ^ISS. of Earl Cowper, i. 254-7. Mr. Hawkins. Appointed to manage affairs concerning merchants' goods in the vacancy of an ambassador {Foreign Entry Book, 167). Instructions from Sec. Conway July 13, 1626 {State Papers, France, vol. 79). Letters in vols. 79-81 and 83. Sir Dudley Carleton, afterwards Viscount Dorchester, ambassador. Credentials July 16 (Foreign Entry Book, 168) also July 23, 1626, with Instructions of same date (State Papers, France, vol. 79). See Gardiner, History of England, vi. 135; Court and Times of Charles I, i, 138, i4'» ' I5i '55; Ludlow, 7^/i';//r>»/;'5, ed. 1751, ]). 459. Car- Icton's last letter from Paris is dated Sept. 26 ; his recredentials dated Oct. 3 (Slate Papers, France, vols. 79-81). 10 William Lewis. Employed in France on the king's service from March 28, 1626, to Dec, and possibly later {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1625-6, pp. 579. 582; ib., 1627-8, p. 390). Letters in State Papers, France, vols. 78-81. George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. Proposed ambassador to France, Nov. and Dec, 1626 (Gardiner, History of England, vi. 146-8). Instructions undated {State Papers, France, vol. 81 ; Court and Times 0/ Charles I, i, 179, 194)- Sir Balthazar Gerbier, agent. In Paris Jul}', 1627 {Foreign Entry Book, 167). John Ashbnrnham. Sent to Paris with overtures of peace b}- Buckingham, Sept., 1627 (Gardiner, History of England, vi. 181 ; Lettres de Richelieu, ii. 609, 620 ; Cal. S. P. Dom., 1627-8, P- 359)- Walter Montagu. Sent in 1627 on a secret mission to the Dukes of Savoy and Lorraine, arrested as he passed through Lorraine and lodged in the Bastille, about Dec, 1627 (Gardiner, History of England, vi. 167, 218; Cal. S. P. Dom., 1627-8, pp. 240, 243, 248, 251, 267, 290; Court and Times of Charles I, i. 303-7, 317 ; Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vol. 42). Sent to Cardinal Richelieu Oct., 1628, on pretence of exchanging prisoners, but in reality to open negotiations (Gardiner, vi. 365) ; see Cal. S. P. Dom., 1628-9, p. 345 ; Court and Times of Charles I, i. 410, 412-4. Sir Thomas Edmondes, ambassador extraordinary. Instructions, June 11, 1629 {Stale Papers, France, vol. 84). First letter from Paris, July 2 {ib.). Audience, July 7 — 17 {ib.). Credentials, Oct. 13 {Foreign Entry Book, 167). Further credentials, Oct. 13, 1629 {State Papers, France, vol. 85). Recredentials, Feb. 13, 1630 {State Papers, France, vol. Zb). Left Paris, March 6, 1630. Letters in State Papers, France, vols. 84-6. See Report on the MSS. of Earl Cowper, ii. 138. Henry de Vic. Secretary to Edmondes during his embassy. Left as agent in the interval between the departure of Edmondes II and the arrival of Wake. Remained in Paris till 1636 {S/afe Papers, France, vols. 86-102). Sir Isaac Wake, ambassador. Arrived in Paris, April, 1631. Writes concerning his first audience, May 2, 1631. Dies at Paris, June, 1632. Letters in Sia/e Papers, France, vols. 88-91. Rynier, xix. 302. Henry Rich, Earl of Holland. Had audience and was entertained b}" the Queen Re- gent, May 27, 1 63 1 (S^alc Papers, France, vol. 89). William Murray, of the Bedchamber. Sent on a private mission to the Queen Mother in 1632. Instructions {State Papers, France, vol. 92). Jerome Weston, afterwards Lord Weston, ambassador extraordinary (?). Sent to Turin via Paris, 1632. Instructions, July 24, 1632 {State Papers, France, vol. 92). First letter from Paris, Aug. 16, 1632. Recredentials Sept. 11, 1632 {ib). (See Gardiner, History of England, vii. 204, 214, 216; and Avenel, Lettres de Richclieii, iv. 332). Rene Augier, agent at Paris. First employed in May, 1629 {Report on the MSS. of Earl Cowper, i. 421). Many letters of his from Paris in 1633, 1634 and subsequent years. In July, 1636, it was decided to recall both Augier and De Vic, who was also agent, and De Vic's letters cease at the end of the year. In May, 1640, Leicester writes that Augier is an unncessary charge, and on May 22 it is said that he has taken his leave at the French Court {State Papers, France, vols. 92-109). Lord Herbert vvi-ites 'My secretary for the French tongue (1619) was one Monsieur Ozier, who was afterwards the King's agent in France' {Lif\ ed. Lee, p. 197; Report on the MSS. of Earl Caliper, ii. 2,t„ 84, 186). See also Strafford Letters (ii. 58) showing Augier was in London about Feb., 1637. John, Viscount Scudamore, ambassador in ordinary. Instructions June, 1635, and sui)plemcntai-y instructions undated {State Papers, France, vol. 98. Cjrjginal instruc- 12 tions dated jimc 9, 1635, are in the British Museum, Add. MS. 1 1044, r. 57. Makes his entry, Sept. 4, 1635. Further instructions, Nov. 9, 1635 (S/oie Papers, France, vol. 99; printed in Clarendo)i State Papers, i. 393). Recredentials, Feb. 18-28, 1639. Leaves Paris, Mar. 2, 1639. Correspon- dence with Coke and Windebanke, State Papers, France, vols. 97-107. See also Cal. Clarendon State Papers, i. 71, Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, vi. 184 and Masson, Life of Milton, i. 749-759. The letter-book of Scudamore while in France, Aug., 1635 — Jan., 1639, is in the British Museum, Add. MSS. 35097. See also Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 46, 47. Robert Sydney, Earl of Leicester, ambassador extra- ordinar}'. Appointed ambassador Feb. 29, 1636 {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1636-7, p. 225). Instructions April 28 {State Papers, France, vol. 101). Additional instructions Ma}^ 9 {ib. ; printed in Collins' Sydtiey Papers, ii. 374). Instructions Sept. 22, 1636 {Report on the MSS. of Earl Cowper, ii. 141). Additional instructions April 28, 1639 {State Papers, France, vol. 139). Leicester was in London in May, 1638, for some weeks, and again from March to the end of Jul}^, 1639. On June 2, 1641, he was declared Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, but his letters of recall are dated July 13, 1641, and he took leave on Sept. 2. A long series of Leicester's letters are printed by Collins, Sydney Papers, ii. 374-600; others are in State Papers, France, vols. loi-iii. Many letters to him from Secre- tary of State in Foreign Entry Book, 170. See also Gardiner, History of England, viii. 161, 163, 211 ; RepoH on the MSS. of Earl Cowper, ii. 213, 285. Thomas Windebank. Sent to Paris to obtain the release of the Elector Palatine (see Gardiner, History of England, ix. 70). He had audience of Louis XIII, Dec. 17, 1639, and of Riche- lieu Dec. 19 (Avenel, Lettres de Richelieu, vi. 665-6). William Kerr, third Earl of Lothian. Agent sent by Charles I to secure the renewal of the privileges of the Scots in France. Instructions dated Jan. 10, 1643 {Ancram and Lothian Papers, i. 142 ; Fotheringham, Correspondence of Jean de Montereul, i. 1 1 ; Salomon, Frankreichs Beziehungen zit deyn Schottischen Aufstand, Berlin, 1890, p. 55). 13 George, Lord Goring, afterwards Earl of Norwich, am- bassador extraordinary. Entered Paris Dec. 5, 1643, and had audience Dec. 23 {Diary of John Evelyn). A letter of his to Queen Hen- rietta Maria, dated Jan. 15, 1644, was intercepted with other documents, in consequence of which Goring was impeached bj- tlie Long Parliament. See the old Par- liamentary History, xiii. 17-25; State Papers, France, vol. 1 1 1 ; Cal. Clarendon Papers, i. 247 ; Cheruel, Lettres de Mazarin, ii. 326, 344, 369, 3S0. For other particulars see Pepys, Diary, Feb. 3, 1661. Richard, afterwards Sir Richard Browne. Was secretary to Wake {State Papers, France, vol. 88), and is spoken of in 1638 as agent at Paris {Cal. Clarendon Papers, i. 163). The letter of recall from Charles I to Leicester, presenting at the same time Browne as agent, is dated July 13, 1641. Leicester took leave of the Queen Sept. 2, and presented Browne {Stale Papers, France, vol. III). His general instructions, dated July 23, 1641, are printed in Evelyn's Diary (iv. 230-2 ; cf. Cal. Claren- don Papers, \. 412). In them he is styled 'agent.' Re- vocation of Browne as 'resident' May 16, 1657 {Cal. Clarendon Papers, iii. 293). Political and private corre- spondence of Sir R. Browne, 1641-60, Add. MS. 34702 : see Evelyn, Diary, iv, 238-325, also Add. MSS. 15857-8. REPRESENTATIVES OF THE LONG PARLIAMENT, THE COMMONWEALTH, AND THE PROTECTOR. Rene Augier, agent, afterwards resident. According to his declaration printed in the Commons Journals in Oct., 1650, he was sent to France b}' the Long Parliament Oct. 26, 1644 {Cal. S. P. Doni., 1644-5, p. 73), arrived at Paris Dec. 2, and remained there till Sept., 1649 (C /., vi. 494-6). On Aug. 9, 1651, the Council of State voted ^1008 i6s. 8*^., due for his services as Resident in France, and on May 20, Frost, the clerk of the Council, was ordered to certify that Augier had served the Parliament of England as their agent at Paris from Nov., 1644, until six months since, when he was recalled {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1651, pp. 209, 311). Letters from Augier are printed in Cary's Memorials of the Civil War, i. 5, 32, 41, 56, 72, 155. See also Cal. Clarendon Papers, i. 413. Augier was again emploj^ed as agent at Paris for the Protector in Jan., 1656 {Thnrloc Papers, vi. 347, 374). Hugh Morrell (or Morel). Employed as agent in France in 1651 on commercial matters (Cary, Memorials, ii. 264 ; Report on the Dnke of Portland's MSS., i. 405). Samuel Morland. Sent by the Protector as envoy to the Duke of Savoy (May 25, 1655), was at the same time charged with letters to Mazarin and Louis XIV on behalf of the Vaudois, which he delivered early in June, 1655 (Morland, History oj the Evangelical Churches in Piedmont, pp. 563-7 ; Guizot, Cromwell and the English Commonwealth, ii. 217-8, and Appendix xviii ; Tlmrloe Papers, iii. 458, 531 ; Hamilton, Milton Papers, p. 2 ; Masson, Life of Milton, V. 184-9), 15 George Downing. Sent by the Protector as envo}- to the Duke of Savoy, and charged with letters for Mazarin and Louis XIV (July 29, 1655) on behalf of the \''audois (Masson, Life of Milton^ V. 190; Guizot, Cronm^ell and tlie English Com- iiiomvealth, ii. 221, 514; TInirloe Papers, iii. 696, 734). Colonel, afterwards Sir William, Lockhart, ambassador. On Feb. 29, 1655-6, the Council of State advised that he be sent as resident to France {Cal. S. P. Dont., 1655- 6, p. 204). Credentials April 9 (?), 1656 (Masson, Life of Milton, V. 251 ; Hamilton, Milton Papers, pp. 9, 10). Instructions {State Papers, France, vol. 113, undated). Lockhart embarked for France April 14-24, 1656 {TInir- loe Papers, iv. 728, 739). Audience of the King, May 8, 1656 {ib., iv. 771 ; V. 8, 21). Further instructions as to a league with France {ib., v. 41). Returned to England Dec, 1656 (ib., V. 609, 667, 694). See also, Guizot, Crom- well and the English Connnonwealth, ii. 241, 552, 572 ; Cheruel, Ministerc de Mazarin, iii. 10-36; Gardiner, History of the Conunonivealth and Protectorate, iv. 242-8. Lockhart was sent back to France in Jan., 1657 {TInir- loe Papers, v. 794). Had audience of Mazarin, March 9-19 {ib., V. 104, 107). Treaty signed, March 13-23 ; text first completel}^ printed by Guizot {Cronnvell and the English Contnionivealth, ii. 377, 563; Cheruel, Ministere de Mazarin, iii. 52-58). Lockhart paid a flying visit to England in April, 1658 {Thiirloe, vii. 70). On the capture of Dunkirk, June 15-25, 1658, it was handed over to the English forces, and he became its governor {Thurloe, vii. 175-466). On the fall of Richard Cromwell and the re-establishment of the republic, he accepted the new government and asked leave to return to England {Thurloe, vii. 670). He was ordered to proceed to Paris in Sept., 1658, by Richard Cromwell's government, in order to raise a loan {Gu\zo\., Richard Cronnvell, i. 238, 241, 250; ii. 246, 249), was back in England in Dec, 1658 {ib., i. 261), and was sent to Paris again in March, 1659 {ib., i. 312, 322, 326, 352, 361, 380; Valfrey, Ungues de Lionne, p. 267). On the establishment of the republic Lockhart was again chosen to represent England at Paris (Guizot, i. 410, 421, 426, 428). His choice was approved by Parliament on June 13, 1659 {Commons Journals, vii. 682), but he did not start till July {ib., vii. 701). From Paris he was ordered to Bayonne to watch the negotia- tions which ended in the treaty of the Pyrenees (Guizot, i6 i. 42S, 451, 434-6; Chcruel, Miiiislcrc de Mazariji, iii. 251, 28S ; X'altVe}', Htigiics dc Lionm\ pp. 313-317). Several letters written by Lockhart were intercepted and ai"c to be found amongst the Clarendon State Papers (vol. iii, pp. 338, 539-549). He was ordered home in Oct., 1659, returned to his command at Dunkirk in Dec, 1659, and remained there till May, 1660, when he was superseded by Col. Edward Harley {7'raiisactioiis of the Royal Historical Society, new series, vol. xviii, pp. 95, 115; Coj?U)io!is Journals, vii. 795). Letters from Lockhart during these various missions in France are to be found in State Papers, France, vols 113, 114, and some are printed in the Calendar of Domes- tic State Papers for the years in question. A still larger number are printed in the Thnrloe Papers, the originals of which are amongst the Ravvlinson MSS. in the Bod- leian Librar3'. His account for his expenses is printed in Thnrloe Papers (vi. 681). Avenel's Lcttresde Mazarin, vols vii-ix., contain references to the Cardinal's negotia- tions with Lockhart. See also Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 56, 68-71, 74. Thomas Belasyse, Viscount Fauconberg. Sent on a special mission, without title of ambassador, to compliment Louis XIV in Ma}', 1658. Credentials, not dated (Masson, Life of Milton, v. 390). Fauconberg set out Ma}' 27, 1658, and was back at Whitehall by June 8 (Thurloe, vii. 151, 158; Guizot, Cromwell and the English Republic, ii. 385, 591 ; Cheruel, Ministere de Mazarin, iii. 147; Bourelly, Cromwell et Mazarin, p. 172). CHARLES II. William, Lord Crofts. Was sent in June, 1660, to notify the restoration of Charles II to the French king; he returned to Enii,land about the beginning of Sept., 1660 [Cal. S. P. Dout., 1 660- 1, p. 259; Cheruel, Miiiistere de Mazarin, iii. 325). Henry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans. According to The Historian^ s Guide, 1688, Jermyn went ambassador to France on July 13, 1660 (p. 41 ; see also Cal. S. P. Dotn., 1 660-1, p. 107). He received warrants for pa3^ment of his salary from Nov, i, 1660, to April i, 1662 {Cal. Treasury Books, 1660-7, pp. 264, 353, 384). His instructions, dated Jan., i66r, are to be found in State Papers, France, vol. 115, and in All Souls MS. 249. His credentials, dated Jan. 2, 1661, are in Arcliives des Affaires Etrangeres, Ang/eterre, vol. 74. See also Cart- wright, Madame, pp. 76, 120. Sir Samuel Tuke. Sent to France March, 1661, to condole the death of Cardinal Mazarin (Evel3'n, Diary, March 13, 166 1). Mr. Ralph Montagu. Sent Oct. 26, 1662, by Charles II to the Duchess of Orleans and Louis XIV to establish a personal cori-e- spondence with the king through the Duchess (Cart- wright, Madame, p. 123). John Trevor, envoy extraordinary. Instructions Feb. 17, 1662-3 (State Papers, Fra/icc, vol. 117. There is a second set of instructions, undated, in the same volume). See Archives des Affaires Etian- geres, Anglelerre,\\'o\s. 79, 81, and Cartwright, Madame, p. 132. B i8 Robert Montague, Viscount Mandeville. May 25, 1663, pass for Lord Mandeville sent to the French kins;- {Cal. S. P. Dotu., 1663-4, p. 149) 'on special aflairs.' Letters of introduction, Charles II to the French queen {Foreign Entry Book, 171 [?]). Denzil, Lord Holies, ambassador. Appointed about May, 1662, and ordered on June 19, 1662, ^3000 for his equipment and a salary of ;!{^4oo per month {Cal. S. P. Dam., 1663-4, p. 306; Cal. Treasury Books, 1660-7, p. 400). Credentials, June 21, 1663 {Foreign Entry Book, 172). Instructions, July, 1663, and further in- structions, undated {State Papers, France, vol. 117). First letter from Paris, Aug. 8-18, 1663 ; did not have audience of Louis XIV till March, 1664, owing to disputes about etiquette {ib., vol. 117 ; cf. Cartvvright, Madame, pp. 150- •162 ; Pepys, Diary, Dec. 14, 1663). To have his audience of conge, Dec. 13-23, 1665, but stayed in Paris after war was declared owing to illness, and did not reach England till May, 1666, arriving at Whitehall, Ma}' 28. For letters from Holies to Arlington, see State Papers, France, vols. 1 1 7-1 22 ; Lister, Life of Clarendon, iii., 321, 392, 409, 411, 413, 431, 466. Letters of Sir R. Fanshawe, i. 203, 215, 246, 364; Report on the Heathcote MSS., p. 147 ; Add. MS., 22, 920 ; Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angle- terre, vols. 82-88. For other information see Bebington, Arlington s Letters, p. 72; Clarendon, Continuation of Life, 1065; Burnet, Own Time, ed. Airy, i. 175, 372 ; Mignet, Ne'gociations Relatives a la Succession dFspagne, i. 4S0 ; Guizot, Portraits Politiqiies, pp. 25-44 ; Collins, Historical Collections, p. 157 ; Jusserand, A French Ambassador at the Court of Charles II, pp. 80, 131, 173, 237, 251; Lettres, Mcnioircs et Ne'gociations de M. le Comte d'Estrades, 1743, i. 263, 271. Charles Berkeley, Lord Fitzhardinge. Instructions, Nov., 1664 {State Papers, France, vol. 119; Report on the MSS. of Mr. Heathcote, p. 171 ; Cal. S. P. Donu, 1664-5, pp. 60, 64). He was back at White- hall b}' Nov. 20 (Cartwright, Madame, p. 178, 220). Henry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans, ambassador extra- ordinary. Sails Jan. 28, 1667 {Cat. S. P. Dom., p. 475), arrived Paris, Feb. 13 [N.S.] Instructions Jan., 1667 (printed in 19 Lister's Life of Clarendon, lii. 443). For letters see T. Bebington, Arlington's Letters to Sir IV. Temple, 170T, pp. 1 1 7-148; Lister's Life of Clarendon, ii. 370-4; iii. 443, 451, 453, 455-64; State Papers, France, vol. 123; Mignet, Nc'gociations, ii. 41-45; i- 519-25, 534; Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Anglcterre, vols. 88, 89 ; Claren- don, Contiiniation of Life, sections 1 037-1 056 ; Cartwright, Madame, 237, 255 ; ?epys' Diary, March 11, June 26, 1667. Sir John Trevor, envoy extraordinary. Instructions Feb. 2, 1668 (Rawlinson, MS. A. 255, f. 47). Further instructions and credentials March, 1668 {ib., ff. 49, 51 ; another copy of these instructions, dated March ir, is in State Papers, France, vol. 124, and the same volume contains further instructions, undated, 1668). Instructions dated March 25 {Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Comm., p. 231), Recalled May 2S {Foreign Entry Book, 1 74). Arrived in England on his return June 18, 1668 {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1667-8, p. 525). Letters to the Spanish and French Ministers during his negotiations, Feb. — April, 1668 (Rawlinson, MS. A. 293, ff. 45, 50, 72, 97), See also Cartwright, Madame, pp. 256-9; Mignet, Ne'gociations, ii. 558, 564; Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Comm., pp. 230-1 ; Report on the MSS. of the Duke of Buccleiich at Montagu House, i. 421. Sir Ellis Leighton. Sent on a secret mission by the Duke of Buckingham with no proper diplomatic character. Pass for France June I, 1668 {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1667-8, p. 419). On his intrigues, see Mignet, Ne'gociations, iii. 56-71; Cartwright, Madame, pp. 275, 280, 285; Arlington's remarks in his defence {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1673-5, P- ^°3); Burnet, Own Time, ed. Air}', i. 547. He was also employed later. See Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 91, 93. 94, 96, 119, 120. Ralph Montagu, ambassador. Approved as envoy extraordinary Aug. 13, 1668, but did not start till March, 1669. Credentials as ambassador in ordinary Feb. 21, 1669 {Foreign Entry Book, 17 ; Raw- linson, MS. A. 255, f. 83), Instructions Feb. 22, 1669 (//;., f. 79; and also, undated, in State Papers, France, vol. 126). Private audience April 3. PubUc entry A])ril 25. Public audience April 26 (Pcrwich, Despatches, pp. i, 6, 7). Commission and Instructions to Montagu, St. Albans, B 2 20 Arundel, Walter Montagu, and Dr. Jenkins for dealing with the estate of the late Queen Mother, Sept. 27; further instructions Nov. 17 {Foreign Entry Book\ 17; Cal. S. P. Doin.^ 166S-9, p. 503 ; RawHnson, MS. A. 255, ff. loi, 106, 108). Revocation March 21, 167 1-2 {Foreign Entry Book, 17; RawHnson, MS. C. 172, f. 148; see also Cal. S. P. Dont.^ •<^7i, P- 142). A number of letters from Montagu to Arlington are printed in Report on the MSS. of t}ic Duke of Bnccknch at Montagu House ^ i. 420-520; copies of these and some others are in the possession of Lord Bath {Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Comp., p. 245). Others in State Papers, France, vols. 126-133, ^^'^ i" Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 95, 96, 103. His official letters, March 1669, to Aug., 1669, are in the British Museum, Add. MS. 23894 ; see also Add. MS. 4201. Henry Arundel, Lord Arundel of "War dour (no regular diplomatic character at first). March 5, 1669, pass for Arundel's horses {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1668-9, p. 225). Commission to Arundel, Ralph Montagu and others to receive the effects of the late Queen Dowager of England {ib., p. 503). Instructions, Sept. 27 {State Papers, France, vol. 127). Recredentials, Nov. 24 {ib., vol. 128). See also Cal. S. P. Dom., 1670, p. 303; Mignet, Ne'gociations, ii, 83, 86, 98, 117; Cart- wright, Madame, pp. 282, 289, 291-2; Ranke, History of England, iii, 497. James II says 'Sir Richard Beling was instructed to draw the articles and to do the part of a secretar}' in that negotiation' {Life of fames II, i, 442 ; cf. J. T. Gilbert, History of the Irish Confedera- tion, ii. 8). Henry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans. Commissioned with Arundel, Montagu and others to receive the effects of the late Queen Dowager {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1668-9, p. -503). Instructions Sept. 27 {State Papers, France, vol. 127). Also employed in secret ne- gotiation between Charles II and Louis XIV as colleague to Arundel {State Papers, France, 127-8; Mignet, Ne'go- ciations, iii. 83, 86, 98 ; Cartwright, Madame, p. 282). William Perwieh. Agent, or rather intelligencer, at Paris 1669 — 1677. Numerous letters in State Papers, France, vols 126-142. Part printed in Despatches of William Perwieh, ed. by M. B. Curran, Royal Historical Society, 1903. 21 Sydney Godolphin. Sent to France in April, 1670, to arrange the visit of the Duchess of Orleans to England (Mignct, Ncgociafioiis, iii. 179 ; Report on the MSS. of the Dicke of Bucckuch at Montagu House, i. 471-2; Cal. S. P. Dom., 1670, pp. 204, 214). George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, ambassador extraordinary. Sent Aug., 1670, on a mission of compliment after the death of Madame, with authorit}' to sound the inclina- tions of France {Cal. S. P. Doni., 1670, pp. 350, 378, 39o>43o; 1673-5, p. 103; Mignet, iii. 215, 221; Burgh- clere, Life of Buckingham, pp. 221-30; Report on the MSS. of the Duke of Buccleuch at Montagu House, i. 482-7; Buckingham, Miscellaneous JVorks, 1704, i. 67). Buckingham left England about Aug. i, and landed again at Dover Sept. 10. Sidney Godolphin, envoy extraordinary. Took leave of Charles II on April 2, 1672 {Cal. S. P. Doni., 1672, p 461). Presented to Louis XIV by Mon- tagu at the latter's audience de co«^6''(Perwich, Despatches, p. 215; cf. pp. 227, 236). Many letters to Williamson, dated from the camp at Utrecht {State Papers, France, vol. 134). Godolphin was back at Paris at the end of August. See Foxcroft, Life of Llalifa.x, i. 72, 73, 78 ; Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Conim., p. 246. George Savile, Viscount Halifax, envoy extraordinary. Instructions June 14, 1672 {Cal. S. P. Doni., 1672, p. 226; printed in Foxcroft's Life of Halifax, \. 72). Commis- sion to Buckingham, Arlington and Halifax as ambassadors extraordinary June 21 {Cal. S. P. Doni., 1672, p. 262) Letters, etc., Foxcroft, i. 74-96. See also Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Conini., p. 237. Kisses king's hand on his return at Whitehall July 21, 1672 {Cal. S. P. Doni., 1672, p. 370). George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. Commission as ambassador cxtraoixlinaiy to France, &c., with Lords Arlington and Halifax, June 21, 1672 {Foreign Fntry Book, 17 ; Cal. S. P. Doni., 1672, ]•>. 262). Returned to England July 21 (//»., p. 370). Sec Burgh- clere, Life of Buckingham, pp. 265-273. Heury Beiinet, Earl of Arlington. Commission as ambassador extraordinary to France with the Duke of Buckingham and Lord Ilahi'ax, June 21, 1672. Back in England July 21, 1672 {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1672, pp. 262, 370). Henry Savile, envoy extraordinary. A[>pointed Oct., 1672 {Cal. S. P. Doiii., 1672-3, p. 107). Had audience of Louis XIV, Oct. 14. Returned to Eng- land at the end of October (see Savile Correspondence^ PP- 26-35 ; Perwich, p. 243). Robert Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, ambassador ex- traordinar}'. Sent as envoy to Spain in Nov., 1671, passes through Paris, has audience of Louis XIV, Dec. i, and proceeds to Spain {MSS. of the Duke oj Buccleuch at Montagu House, vol. i, p. 506). On June 20, 1672, Charles writes to the French Queen that he means Sunderland to be his am- bassador extraordinary at Fa.rls {Foreign Entry Book, 17). Arrives at Paris at the end of June {Cal. S. P. Doni., 1672, pp. 540, 684; ib., 1672-3, p. 350). Credentials, Sept. 23, 1672 ; Revocation, March 10, 1673 {Foreign Entry Book, 17 ; Rawlinson, MS. C, 172, ff. 150, 151). Apparently his public entrance was long delayed (Savile, Correspondence, p. 29), so that he did not have audience till the beginning of Nov., 1672. (See Chudleigh's letter of Nov. 19), Letters in State Papers, France^ vols. 134-6, and Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Comm., p. 244; Add. MS., 32094, f. 268. Sir William Lockhart, envo}^, afterwards ambassador. Lockhart arrived at Paris, April i, 1672, and had audience of the King on April 5 (Perwich's Despatches, pp. 210, 212). Subsequently he appears to have been with the French army in Flanders, and the instructions to Lord Halifax, June 14, order him to confer with Mr. Sidney Godolphin and Sir William Lockhart {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1672, p. 226; also Foxcroft, Life of Halifax, i. 73, 75). Williamson notes his return to England on June 17, 1673. Envoy extraordinary to France from April to October, 1673, Privy seal March 9, 1673, for payment to him of ;£5 per diem as envoy extraordinary to the French king during the next campaign {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1673, p. 26). He took leave April 3-1 3, 1673, was in the French king's camp at Maestricht in June, at Nancy in August, 23 and returned October 3 {ib., 1673, p. 566). Instructions April 9, 1673 [State Papers, France, vol, 136). On Oct. 20, 1673, Lockhart was appointed ambassador to France, but did not take leave of the king till Dec. 20 {Cal. S. P. Doni., 1673-5, pp. 62, 222). Credentials dated Dec. 20 {Foreign Entry Book, 40; copy also in Rawlinson, MS. C, 172, f. 152). Instructions, undated, but probably of same date [Foreign Entry Book, ij). Arrived at Paris about Jan. 3, 1674 (Perwich, p. 287). A series of letters from Lockhart to secretary Coven tr}' calendared in Fourth Report of Historical MSS. Connn., pp. 237-242, beginning March 11/21, 1674, and ending May 20/30, 1675. Lockhart died at Clermont, June 7 [N.S.], 1675 (Perwich, p. 319). Letters in State Papers, France, vols. 136-140, and in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 112, 114, 115. On Lockhart's embassy, see Burnet, Oivn Time, ed. Airy, i. 139, ii. 94; Lister, Life of Clarendon, iii. 484; Stowe, MS., 197, f. 4. Bevil Skelton, envoy. Warrant for payment to him as envo}' [Cal. S. P. Don., i673"5» P- 'h'h'^^- ^'^ Paris in Nov. 1674 [Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Conini., p. 239). John Lord Berkeley, ambassador extraordinary (and also plenipotentiary for the treaty at Nimeguen). Instructions, July 28, 1675. Credentials Aug. 11 (Raw- linson, MS. A. 255, ff. 261, 264). Commission Oct. 17, 1675 [Foreign Entry Book, 185). Evelyn mentions his ap- pointment, the illness which delays his starting, and his departure for France on Nov. 14, besides many other particulars [Diary, 1675-6). Recredentials in order that he may go to the treaty at Nimeguen, July 6 [Foreign Entry Book, 185), and again, Oct. 17, 1676 [P^ourth Report PI ist. MSS. Conini., p. 232). Letters from Berkeley to Henry Coventry between Dec. 10, 1675, and Nov. 6, 1676, are in the possession of the Marquis of Bath {ib., pp. 244-5). Many others in State Papers, France, vol. 141. Letters from Secretary Williamson to Berkeley are in P^oreign Entry Book, if-'. Ralph Montagu, ambassador extraordinary. Appointed Sept. i, 1676 [Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Contni., p. 232). Instructions dated Aug. 29, 1O76, and additional instructions Sept. 9 (Kawlinson, MS. A., 255, ff. 265-6). Credentials, 14 .Sept. [ib., f. 267). Conunis- 24 sion, Sept. I (//>., f. 268). Commission to Pomponne from Louis XIV to treat vvitli him, Feb. 8, 1677, and treaty, Mar. 20, 1677 {Fourth Report Hisl. MSS. Comm.^ p. 233). Instructions, Dec. 29, 1677 (//>., p. 232). Recredentials and revocation, Jul}' 3, 1678 {Foreign Entry Book, 186; Rawiinson, MS. A., 268, f. 38). See Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, A)iglcterrc, vols. 119, 124, 130, 131. Letters numbering in all about 150 to Henry Coventry' from Oct. 14, 1676, to July II, 1678, are in the possession of the Earl ot Bath {Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Coniiii., p. 245). Two letters to Arlington and two from Danby are printed in the Report on the MSS. 0/ the Duke of Bucclcuch at Mon- tagu House, i. 523-4. Some letters from Montague to Jenkins are in State Papers, France, vol. 142. In 17 10 Danby published Copies and e.xtracts of some Letters written to and from the Earl of Danby, noiv Duke of Leeds, in i6y6, i6']'j, and 16/ 8, with particular remarks upon some of them. The letters in this publication were much garbled by Danb3^ Some of the originals are in the possession of Mr. Eliot Hodgkin, and are correctly printed in the re- port on his MSS., with the alterations pointed out{Fifteenth Report Hist. MSS. Comm., pt. ii, pp. 185-198; cf Rariora, i. 18). Other letters belonging to this series in the pos- session of Mr. Alfred Morrison are printed in the cata- logue of his collection, and in the Ninth Report of the Hist. MSS. Comm., pt. 2, pp. 451-4. On Montagu's embassy see also Mignet, Negociations, iv. 382, 433 ; Burnet, Own Time, ed. Airy, ii. 97, 150, 182 ; Dalrymple, Memoirs of Great Britain, i. 169, 176, 190, 249, ed. 1790. Harleian MSS. 1516, f. 372 ; 1523, f 207. John Brisbane. Credentials as agent marine, Sept. 10, (?)i676 (Rawiin- son, MS. A. 255, f. 268). Instructions Sept. 11 — Mar. 31, 1677 {ib., ff. 269, 271). Credentials as agent (or secretary to the embassy) during the interval after Montagu's re- call (Rawiinson, MS. A. 268, ff. 39, 42 ; Foreign Entry Book, 186 ; Jfth Report Hist. MSS. Comm., p. 242). Revo- cation, June 19, 1679 {Foreign Entry Book, 186; Rawiinson MS. A. 268, f. 47). Recredentials July 19, 1679 {Fourth Repo)i Hist. MSS. Comm., p. 244). Letters from Brisbane to the Earl of Danb}-, etc., Nov., 1676 to March, 1679, are amongst the Lindsey MSS. {Fourteenth Report hlist. MSS. Comm., pt. ix, pp. 378-403; See also Copies of some Letters written to and from the Earl of Danby, 17 10, pp. 308-325). Letters to Coventry, Oct., 1676 to Jan., 1678, 25 are amongst the Marquis of Bath's MSS. {Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Coitim., pp. 242-4). Letters to Brisbane from Williamson are in Foreign Entry Book, 18. Louis de Duras, Earl of Fevershain. Sent to Paris without official character, Nov., 1677, concerning the terms of peace {Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Coniin., p. 245; Mignet, iv. 514). Robert Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, ambassador extraordinary. Commission July 12, 1678, with his instructions and cre- dentials of same date (Rawlinson, MS. A. 256, ff. 132-134). Revocation Feb. 10, 1679 (^'^•» A- 268, f. 43 ; Foreign Entry Book, 186). Letters from Sunderland to Danb}"', Aug. — Oct., 1678, printed in Copies of Letters to and from the Earl of Danby, 1710,' pp. 289-307; see also Campana Caveili, Les Derniers Stuarts, i. 220. Letters to Coventry are calendared in Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Connu., p. 245. Letters to Sec. Jenkins in State Papers, France, vol. 142. See also Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols, 1 31-4, 137 ; Reresby, Memoirs, ed. Cartwright, p. 113. Henry Savile, envoy extraordinary. .Savile writes to Lord Ross on July 14, 1678: 'His Majesty has been pleased to send me in a great haste about a private concern of his into France, where I go post to-morrow morning in company with my Lord Sunderland, who goes ambassador extraordinary, in the place of your cousin Montagu, who by coming from there without order has so incensed the king that he has already turned him out of the Council ' {Report on the Ruthind MSS., ii. 52), Savile was in Paris Aug. to Oct., 167S {Savile Correspondence, pp. 66-76). Sent back to Paris Jan. or Feb., 1678 (Luttrell, Diary, i. 7; Foxcroft, Life of Halifax, p. 141 ; Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Co)nm., p. 243). Revocation Feb. 19, 1682 {Foreign Entry Book, 191; cf. Savile Correspondence, p. 267). Many letters from Savile to Jenkins are in State Papers, France, vols. 143-4. Some printed with Savilc's letters to Halifax in Savile Corre- spondence, ed. by W. D. Cooper, Camden Society, 1858. Letters to Coventry in the possession of Lord Bath {Fourth Report Hist. MSS. Conim., p. 237). Letters from 26 Sunderland to Savilc {Forrii^ii Eiil>y Book, 19); from Jenkins {Forcii^ii Entry Book, 189). Richard Graham, Viscount Preston, envoy extra- ordinary. Credentials March 31, 1682 {Foreign Entry Book, 191). Instructions {State Papers, France, vol. 145), undated copy; original, dated March 31, and additional instruc- tion, dated April 12, at Netherby Hall {Sevcntli Report Hist. MSS. Conini., p. 263 ; copy in All Souls MSS. 255, f. 159). Had his first audience June 17, 1682. Reap- pointed by James II. Credentials April 3, 1685. Revoca- tion Aug. I, 1685 {Foreig)i Entry Book, 19). Recredentials Aug. 28, 1 685 {State Papers, France, vol. 148). For Preston's correspondence, see State Papers, France, vols. 144-148; correspondence with Sec. Jenkins {Foreign Entry JBooks, 189, 191)- Letters to Preston from Sunderland {/or^/]^« Entry Book, 19). A large collection of his letters, in the possession of Sir F. Graham of Netherb}', were calendared in the Seventh Report of the Hist. MSS. Comm , pp. 261- 428. Some few letters from this series are printed by Sir John Dalrymple in his Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland (ed. 1790, Appendix to Pt. i, Book i, pp. 94, 132- 144). A passage in Christie, Life of Shaftesbury (ii., Appendix cxviii), shows it was intended to send Preston to France in 1681, nine months before his actual going. John Lord Churchill, envoy extraordinary. Sent to announce the accession of James II about Feb. 17, 1685, also to obtain a loan from the King of France (Luttrell, i, 332 ; Dalrymple, Appendix to Part i, Book ii, PP- 9) 32 ; Macaula}', History of England, ii. 33 ; Wolseley, Life of Marlborough, i. 261 ; Coxe, Marlborough, i. 24, ed. 1818). Sir William Trumbull, envoy extraordinary. Instructions Sept. 21, 1685. Credentials Oct. 20, 1685 {Foreign Entry Book, 19 : a copy of Trumbull's instruc- tions is in Rawlinson, MS. A. 257, f. 190). He arrived at Paris, Nov. 13/23, and had his first audience on Dec. 11. His recredentials are dated Oct. 3, 1686. For his letters see Slate Papers, France, 148, 150; and for despatches from Sunderland to him, Foreign Entry Book, 19. On Trumbull's Mission see also Burnet, Own Time, i. 769 ; and Dalrymple, Memoirs of Great Britain, Appendix to Part I, Book ii, pp. 46-49. 27 Bevil Skelton, ambassador (?). Credentials and instructions Nov. 8, 1686 {Foreign Entry Book, 19). Rebuked Aug. 30, 1688, for exceeding his instructions {ib.). Returned to England and was immediately sent to the Tower (Luttrell, i. 462). See also Dalrymple, Memoirs, Part i, Book v, pp. 7, 10, 38; Ranke, History of England, iv. 420; Macaulay, iii. 188- 190 ; Klopp, Fall des Houses Stuart, iii. 262, 278, 288, 344 ; Mackintosh, History of the Revolution, p. 427, Despatches from Sunderland to Skelton are in Foreign Entry Book, 19; Letters from Skelton to Sunderland in State Papers, France, vols. 150, 151. See also Rawlinson, MS. A., 139, and Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 164, 170-1. Henry, Lord Waldegrave, ambassador extraordinary. Instructions and credentials Nov. 7, 1688 {Foreign Entry Book, 19). Queen Mary sends letters by him {Report on Stuart Papers, i. 34). In August, 1689, said to be dead (Luttrell, Diary, i. 570). FRENCH AMBASSADORS AND DIPLOMATIC AGENTS IN ENGLAND (1603— 1688). Christophe de Harlay, Comte de Beaumont, ' Con- seiller d'etat' (April, 1603), ambassador in ordinary. Came to England first in Jan., 1602. He was continued in his charge by letter of Henri IV dated April 14, 1603 {Lettres Missives de Henri IF, ed. Berger de Xivrey, vi. 73). He left London in Nov., 1605. His complete correspondence, with letters of the king and of M. de Villeroy addressed to him, is in the Bibliotheque Nationale, MSS. 3501 et seqq. Transcripts of it are also in the British Museum, Add. MSS. 30638-30641. It is printed by P. Laffleur de Kermaingant, LJAmbassade de France en Angleterre sous Henri IV : Mission de Christophe de Harlay, Comte de Beaumont, 2 vols, 1895. Vicomte de Segur (April, 1605). Sent on a special mission (Baschet). His name is also spelt 'Sagar,' ' Sagart,' ' Sagard,' and 'Saguar'; and it is probable that Robert Creichton, Lord Sanquhar, was the person thus designated. See Kermaingant, ii. 104-6, 150, 196, 199-201. Charles Cauchon de Maupas, Baron du Tour, ' Con- seiller d'etat,' ambassador extraordinar}' (Baschet). He was originally ambassador in Scotland, accompanied James to London, and left in Ma}', 1603 (see Kermaingant, i. 92, 99, 103; ii. 113). 29 Maximilien de Bethune, Marquis de Rosny, * Grand Maitre de rArtillerie, grand Yoyev et Surintendent des Finances de France/ etc. (June, 1603), ambassador extraordinar}'. See Berger de Xivrey, Lettres Missives de Henri IF, vi. 97; Gardiner, History of England, i. 106; Motley, United Netherlands, iii. 143. The despatches written b}^ Sully during this embassy are in Bibliotheque Nationale, MS. 3502. Kermaingant in his Mission de Christophe de Harlay, i. 114, 286, and Pfister in the Revue Hislorique, Iv, pp. 70, 290, have shown the fictitious character of the account of the embassy given by Sully in his Oeconomics Royales. Louis de THopital, Sieur de Vitry, 'Chevalier des Ordres et Capitaine des Gardes' (Sept., 1603), am- bassador extraordinary. Credentials dated Aug. 26 (Baschet)._ Instructions dated Aug. 27 (Kermaingant, i. 129; Berger de Xivrey, Lettres Missives de Henri IV, vi. 160 ; Nichols, Progresses of James I, i. 253, 255, 259. M. Dujardin, secretary. Charge d'affaires after the departure of the Comte de Beaumont (see Kermaingant, i. 275, 281 ; Berger de Xivrey, Lettres Missives de Henri IV, vi. 529, 530). His letters are in Bibliotheque Nationale, MS. 15972. Charles Cauchon de Maupas, Baron du Tour (Jan., 1606), ambassador extraordinary. Instructions dated Dec. 19, 1605. Arrived in Jan., 1606. See Kermaingant, i. 277; ii. 317. M. Antoine Le Fevre de la Boderie, 'Conseiller du Roi ' (April, 1606), ambassador in ordinary. In the Anibassades his instructions are printed at length with the date April 15 (vol. i, pp. 1-29), and his first letter from London is dated May 22 {ib., p. 38). La Boderie returned to France in August, 1609, and was sent to England again as ambassador in January, 1610. His instructions are dated Dec. 28, 1609 {Anibassades, i. xxviii.), and he finally left England in Jan., 161 1. His correspondence is in Bibliotheque Nationale M.SS. 15984- 5. In 1733 there was published at Amsterdam Lettres de Henri IV, Roi de France, et de Messieurs de Villcroy et de Puisieux a M. A. le Fevre de la Boderie, Ambassadcur de France en Angktcrrc (h'pui,^ 1606 jusqii 01 j6it. This was reprinted in 1750 in five vols, with the addition of La Bodcric's own letters, under the title of Aiii/xissadcs (/t- M. De La Bodcn'e en Aiigleterre. See also Birch, Vieio of the Ncgotialiojis bctivecn Eugla>id and France^ pp. 257, 309 ; Kerniaingant, Mission de Christoplic de Harlay, Comte dc Beauino)d, i. 281 ; ii. 319. Transcripts of La Boderie's letters and of the answers to them are in the British Museum, Add. MSS. 30642-4. Jean de Beaumanoir, Marechal de Lavardin (Jan., 161 1), ambassador extraordinary'. Arrived Jan. 26, 161 1; left Feb. 14, 161 1 (Baschet). Instructions dated Dec, 1610, in Bibliotheque Nationale MS. 41 12. See Nichols, Progresses of James /, ii. 372, 407. Samuel Spifame, Sieur des Buisseaux, * Conseiller au Parlement et Conseiller d'etat ' (Leb., 161 1), ambas- sador in ordinar}'. Arrived at London Feb., 161 1 ; left Jan., 16 15 (Baschet). Complete Correspondence in Bibliotheque Nationale, MSS. 15985-7 ; Edwards, Life of Raleigh, i. 597. Henri de La Tour, Vicomte de Turenne and Due de Bouillon (April, 1612), ambassador extraordinary. Left London, May 29, 161 2 (Baschet). Instructions in Bibliotheque Nationale, MS. 41 12. See Birch's View of the Negotiations between England and France, pp. 343-6, 359, 373- M. de Seve, secretar}- and charge d'aflfaires. Correspondence from 16 Jan., 161 5, to 17 Jul}^, 161 5 in Bibliotheque Nationale, MS. 15988 (Baschet). Gaspard Dauvet, Sieur des Marets (July, 16 15), Governor of Beauvais and Maitre d'Hotel du Roi, ambassador in ordinary. Arrived, July, 1615 ; took leave, Jan. 27, 1618. Absent from July to Oct., 161 7 (Baschet). Instructions and com- plete correspondence in Bibliotheque Nationale, MSS. 15,988, 4x12, and in the Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angkterre, vol. 26. See Birch, View of the Negotiations between England and France, pp. 387-9 ; Gardiner, iii. 54, 139-143 ; Edwards, Life of Raleigh, i. 591-7, 665. Des Marets did not really leave England till April, 16 18, delayed 31 by his wife's illness (Nichols, Progresses o/ Ja>nes I, iii. 476). 'Audience of leave,' April 8, 16 18 (Camden, Aiiiials of James I). M. le Clerc, 'agent for the King of France' after the de- parture of Des Marets. Forbidden the Court in Sept., 16 18, and left in Oct. (Gardiner, iii. 139, 144; Camden, Aiina/s 0/ James I). Baron du Tour (Feb. 1617), ambassador extraordinar}-. Instructions and letters in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres (Baschet). See Avenel, Lcllres de Richelieu^ vii. 355. He arrived at the end of January, 161 7, and left about the beginning of March (Nichols, Progresses of James /, iii. 185, 244, 247, 252). Francois Juvenal, Seigneur des Ursins and Mar- quis de Tresnel (Ma}-, 1619), ambassador extra- ordinary. Instructions April, 1619, and documents, Bibliotheque Nationale, MSS. 4112, 15988. See Nichols, Progresses of James /, iii. 535-7, 549. There is some contradiction as to this ambassador's title. The instructions copied by Baschet style him 'Tresnel,' the King's letters ' Fresnel.' Camden writes, ' The Marquis deTremouille of the family of the Ursins, ambassador from the French king ... is conducted to London, May i,' and adds that he left London May 21 {Annals of James /; see also Cal. S. P. Dom., 1619-23, pp. 42, 48). Tanneguy Le Veneur, Comte de Tillieres (Aug., 1 6 19), ambassador in ordinary'. Arrived in August, 1619; first audience at Windsor Sept. 15. Absent on leave Aug. to Oct., 1623. Recre- dentials June 25, 1624 {Foreign Entry Booh, 166). Leaves London July, 1624. Instructions and correspondence in Bibliotheque Nationale, MSS. 41 12 and 15988-9, and in Archives des AiTaires Etrangeres, y^^^AVtvvr, vols. 27, 29, 30. See Nichols, Progresses of James I, iii. 566, 763 ; Gardiner, V. 253; Memoires hiedits du Comte Leveneur de I illieres, ed. par C. Hippeau, Paris, 1863. Le Marechal de Cadenet (Jan., 162 1), ambassador cx- ti-aordinary. Instructions and coirespondence in liibliothequc Nationale, MSS. 4112, 15988 (Baschet). Arrives in 32 England at end of Dec, 1620; audience Jan, i, 1621 ; took leave Jan. 8 {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1619-23, pp. 212-214; Nichols, Progresses, iii. 630-648; Gaidincr, iii. 389). See also Menioires t., 1637 (piinted by Avenel, Lettres de Richelieu, v. 853). Arrived at London Dec, C 2 30 1637; left Feb., 1640 (Baschct). Correspondence in the Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Afigk/erre, vol. 48. Some letters to Bellievre in Avenel, LcUrcs de Richelieu, vi. 583, 600, 676, etc. Extracts from Bellievre's letters and account of his mission in Ranke, Hisiory of England, appendix vi. (vol. v, pp. 457-463), in which Ranke ex- poses some fictitious letters of d'Estradcs concerning the relations of the French Government to the revolt in Scot- land. On these letters and the supposed mission of the Abbe Chambres to Scotland, and also on Bellievre's em- bassy see F. Salomon, Frankrcich's Bcziehungen zii dem Sclio/lisc/ien Aiif stand, Berlin, 1890, pp. 12, 34, 45, 51 ; cf. Avenel, Lcttres dc Richelieu, v. 847 ; Gardiner, viii. 380, ix. (yT), 92 ; J. Goll, Les Amhassades et Ncgociations dii Comte d'Estrades, Revue Historique, iii. 285. Jean, Sieur de Montereul (March, 1640), charge des affaires, March, 1640, to Jul}^, 1641. Complete correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vol. 48, and BibliothequeNationale, MS. 15995. See Avenel, Lettres de Richelieu, ix. 123; Gardiner, History of England, ix. 123 ; Ranke, History of England, v. 464-9 ; M azure, Histoire de la Revolution de 1688, \^ol. iii, Appendix. D'Alot, 'charge de mission,' 1640. Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vol. 48. Jacques d' Etampes, Marquis de LaFerte-Imbault, Conseiller du Roi and Marechal des Camps (July, 1 641), ambassador in ordinary. Arrived at London July 18, 1641 ; left Sept., 1642 (Bas- chet). Complete correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres. Extracts from his despatches in Guizot, Histoire de la Revolution d' Angleterre, i. 471. See also Clarendon, Rebellion, iii. 252: iv. 6: vi. 179; Ranke, History of England, v. 469. Sieur de Grecy or Gressy, Conseiller et Maitre d'Hotel Ordinaire du Roi (April, 1642), charged with a pri- vate mission to Queen Henrietta Maria in Holland. Instructions and memoire in the Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 48, 49. See also Ranke, History of England, v. 469. Grecy was also sent to Eng- land with letters to the King and Queen, dated Sept. 5, 1643. See Cheruel, Lettres de Mazarin, i. 343, 428, 448, 466; Ranke, v. 471. 37 Henri de Lorraine, Comte d'Harcourt, Grand Ecuyer (Oct., 1643), ambassador extraordinary. Arrived at London Oct. 12 ; left Feb. 10, 1644 (Baschet). Complete correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etran- geres, Angleterre, vol. 51. Letter of Mazarin Sept. 27, 1643, accrediting Harcourt to Charles L (Clieruel, Lcltrcs de Mazarin, i. 393; other letters, pp. 421, 441, 460, 514, 524, 539). On Harcourt's mission see also Gardiner, Great Civil War, i. 271; Clarendon, Rebellion, xii. 299: X. 20; Baillie, Letters, W. 113, 149; and the Old Parlia- mentary History, xii. 413-7, 441, 453-7 : xiii. 3, 17-25. M. de Bures (1643), secretary charged with correspondence in the absence of an ambassador. Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vol. 49. M. de Boisivon (1643), agent sent to Scotland about iNov., 1643. Fotheringham, Correspondence of Jean de Montereul, i. xi-xiv: ii. 5^9-563. Pass to return to France, May 24 {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1644, p. 167). Melchior, Comte de Sabran, resident (May, 1644). Instructions dated 29 April, 1644 (Chcruel, Lcttres de Mazarin, i. 749). Arrived at London May 31, 1644; left London July 7, 1 646 (Baschet). Complete correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, ^Ingleterre, vols. 51, 52, and Bibliotheque Nationalc, MS. 4138. Exti-acis given in Ranke, History of England, Appendix, viii , Vol. v., pp. 472-9. M. de la Monnerie (1644), agent sent by Cardinal Mazarin to Ireland. Correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, 51, 55, 57, 58. See Chcruel, Leltres de Mazarin, i. 524; and many letters printed in Gilbert's edition of The Irish Confederation and the IVar in Ireland, by Richard BcUings, Vol. iii, pp. 94, 105, 135, 180, 195, &c. M. Jean de Montereul (1645), charge d'affaires. Took part in the corres()ondence during Sabran's stay in London. Left London for Newcastle at the end of March, 1646, and resided there till Feb., 1647, paying a visit to France in Aug., 1O46, and returning to Newcasile in October (Gardiner, iii. 134, 166). Montereul then pro- ceeded to Edinburgh, where he remained till .Sept., 164S. 44125iB 38 Complete correspondence in Archives des Aftaiies Eiran- geres, Aiii^lctcrrc, vols. 51, 52, 55-7, and Bibliotlicque Nationale, MS. 15995. See also British Museum, Egerton, MS. 2545. Extracts from Montcreul's letters are printed by Rankc, History of EnglaiK^, Appendix ix., Vol. v., pp. 4S0-85. Others are to be found in Thurloe's Slate Papers, i. 71-99; in Letters and Papers addressed to O. Cromwell, ed. by J. Nickolls, pp. 52-3 ; and in the Claren- don State Papers, ii. 211-224; cf. CX^ivendon, Rebellioji, ix. 169: X. 2^. Some, but not all, of these letters are con- tained in The DiploDiatic Correspondence of Jean de Mon- tercul and the Brothers de Bellievre, 1645-8, edited b}^ J. G. Fotheringham, published by the Scottish History Society in 1898-9, 2 vols. ; Cheruel, Lettres de Mazarin, ii- 337, 357, 37^, 385- The President Pomponne de Bellievre (July, 1646), ambassador extraordinary. Arrived at London in July, 1646; reached Newcastle early in August, and remained there till Jan., 1647. Re- turned to London Feb., 1647, and to France Nov., 1647 (Baschet). Complete correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Anglctcrre, vol. 53, and Bibliotheque Nationales, MSS. 15915-6. Instructions to Bellievre dated June or July, 1646, are printed by Ranke with letters to and from Bellievre, History of England, v. 486-517. Also in The Diplomatic Correspondence of Jean de Montereul and the brothers de Bellievre, ed. by J. G. Fotheringham. See Cheruel, Lettres de Mazarin, ii. 334, 337, 355, 369, 385, 443, 449, 459; Clarendon, Rebellion, x. 41, 47, 54; Ludlow, Memoirs, i. 145, ed. 1894; Baillie, Letters, ii. 381; Gar- diner, Great Civil War, iii. 130. M. Pierre de Bellievre, also called the President de Grignon (Aug., 1646). Charged with the correspondence in London whilst his brother, the ambassador, was at Newcastle; and again from Nov. 7, 1647, when his brother left England, till April 22, 1649 (Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vol. 54). Complete correspondence there and in Bibliotheque Nationale, MSS. 15996-7. lie became representative of France in England in succession to his brother, and was presented by liim to Charles I on Oct. 15, 1647, as resi- dent (see Fotheringham, Correspondence of Jean de Mon- tereul, ii. 267, 283, 289, 300; Lords Journals, ix. 486). 39 M. du Moulin (1647), agent. Sent b}' Mazarin to Ireland, re-called in June, 1647 (Baschet). Correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etvangtves, A iigk/crre, vols. 52,54,55. He was sent in Jan., 1647, and arrived in March. Letters of credit to Ormond dated Jan. 12, printed by Gilbert in the History of the Irish Coiifcdoation, by Richard Bellings, vii 291. M. de Cheylieu (1647), secretary. Charged with correspondence in the absence of the President de Bellievre. Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 52, 55. M. de Graymond, agent in Scotland (1649). Correspondence in Harleian MS. 4551, and Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre^ vols. 57, 60. M. de Croulle (1649), secretary and charge d'affaires from April, 1649, to Jan. 2, 1650, Complete correspondence in the Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 58, 59. Some of his des- patches printed by Guizot, Cromwell and the English Republic, trans, by Scoble, i. 406-17,430,461. On Dec. 25, 1650, he was ordered to leave England within ten days {Cal. S. P. Doni., 1650 p. 483; Gardiner, Coninionzuealth and Protectorate, i. 314). Transcripts of his letters are also in the British Museum, Egerton MS. 1968. M. Salomon de Virelade (1650). Refused a passport b}' the English Couticil of State, Dec. II, 1650 (Gardiner, Commonwealth and Protectorate, i. 313). The instructions intended to be given to Vire- lade are printed by Guizot, Cromwell and the English Republic, i. 431-7. From January, 1651, to December, 1652, diplomatic iclations between England and France were officially suspended. Nevertheless, there were certain agents sent 'a litre officieux ' (Baschet). M. Gentillot, ' envoye officieux.' Dralt instruction, Jan. 20, 1651 (Guizot, Cromwell and the English Republic, i. 446). He was summoned before the Council of .State, March 14, 1651, and ordered to leave England within three days (Cal. S. /'. Dom., 1651, pp. 77, 85, 121; Gardiner, C(nn}non'wt(tlth and 40 Protectorate^ i. 314). Second mission to England, Dec, 1651 ; started Dec. 22, but returned immediately, having no credentials (see Gentillot's letters printed in English Hisloricol Revieiv, 1896, pp. 489-492). He was a third time ordered to proceed to England, March, 1652 {ib., pp. 493-9, 502, 507); started May, 1652, and was in England, May to July, 1652 (Gardiner, Cojh- momvealth and Protectorate, ii. 164, 168). Some letters in Archives des Aftaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 60, 61 ; others in Harleian MS., 4551. Part printed by Guizot (i. 460-3) and part by Gardiner in an article on Cromwell and Mazarin {English Historical Review^ July, 1895.) M. d'Estrades, governor of Dunkirk. Given authority to treat with the English Republic by Louis XIV, March 24, 1652 {English Historical Review, 1896, p. 502). Instructions from Mazarin, April 23 {ib., p. 506). See Guizot, i. 453, and Cheruel, Lettres de Ma- zarin, V. 91. Did not go to England to treat M. Antoine de Bordeaux-Neufville, 'Conseiller du Roi en son Conseil d'etat, Maitre des Requetes ordinaire du Roi, Intendant de Justice Police et Finance en la province de Picardie ' (Baschet). Instructions and credentials dated Dec. 2, 1652, printed b}- Guizot, Cromwell and the English Commonwealth, i. 487. Arrived, Dec, 1652 ; difficulty as to credentials, etc. (Gardiner, Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii. 241 ; cf. Commons Journals, vii. 223, 233 ; Cheruel, Miuistere de Mazarin, ii. 353). Sent first as agent, but raised to th.e rank ot ambassador in March, 1654, and received as such \iy Cromwell, March 27, 1654 (O.S.). See Cromwelliana, p. 137; Guizot, ii. 423, 446. Further instructions, July 16, 1654 (Guizot, ii. 453). Back in France on leave, Dec, 1655 ; returned to England, April, 1656. Accredited to Richard Cromwell, Nov. 15, 1658, and to successive governments in England until the restoration of Charles II. Ordered to leave England on June 6-16, 1660; last letter to Mazarin from London, July 6, 1660 (cf. Cheruel, Ministere de Mazarin, iii. 321-4). Complete correspond- ence, Dec, 1652 — July, 1660, in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 62-74. Bordeaux's letters to his government during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell are partiall}' printed by Guizot in Oliver Cromwell and the English Commonwealth, and more fully for the period from Cromwell's death to the restora- tion in Richard Cromwell and the Restoration of the Stuarts. 41 Six additional letters written in June and July, 1660 are printed in the appendix to Guizot's Monk. Others are printed in J. de Cosnac's Sottvoiirs du Rcgne dc Louis XIV. Many letters from Mazarin to Bordeaux are printed in Lettres de Mazarin, vols, vi.-ix. Some intercepted letters of Bordeaux are printed in the T/iur/oc Papers. For transcripts of his letters see also Add. MS. 31953, and Harleian MS. 4549. M. Paul de Baas (or Baron de Baas). Special agent sent on a private mission to the Protector Jan., 1654, and again in Feb., 1654. Ordered to leave England within three days on June 12, 1654, as being concerned in a plot (Gardiner, Coiiinionivea/i/i and Pro- tectorate, iii. 1 1 3-1 52). Correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vol. 63. See also Guizot, Cronvd^ell and the Ejiglish Conutionivcaltli, ii. 412, 423, 450, 458,460; Cheruel, Miiiistcre de Mazarin, ii. 362-377, M. de Talon, Intendant of the French army in Flanders. Sent on a special mission relating to the siege of Mar- dyke. Arrived Sept. 23, 1657 (Cheruel, Ministae de Mazarin, iii. 70 ; Bourelly, Crotnivell et Mazarin, p. 34 ; Thurloe Papers, vi. 5 10 ; Lettres de Mazarin, viii. 1 74, 1 78). Due de Crequy. Sent on a special mission to congratulate Cromwell in June, 1658 (Guizot, Cronnvell and the English Coninion- wealth, ii. 387, 593 ; Bourelly, Cromwell et Mazarin, p. 235 ; Lettres de Mazarin, viii. 441). M. Bartet (Oct., 1660). Sent on a special mission to prepare for the reccijtion of the ambassador extraordinary. Correspondence in Archives des Aflaires Etrangcies, Angleterre, vol. 74, and Bibliotheque Nationale, Fonds Colbert (Bascliet). See Cheruel, Alinistcre de Mazarin, iii. 329-346; Lettres de Mazarin, ix. 678. The Comte de Soissons (Nov., 1660), ambassador extra- ordinary. Correspondence in Archives des Aflaires Etrangeres. Audience on Oct. 26 (Pepys, Diary). Sec also on his mission Cheruel, Ministcre de Mazarin, iii. 32S ; Lettres de Mazarin, ix. 630, 675 ; Clarendon, Continuation oj Lije, 147, 162. 42 Henri de Massue, Marquis de Ruvigny (Sept., 1660). Employed on a special mission. Memoii'e and some letters in Archives dcs AiVaircs Etrangcres, Auglckrre, vols. 73, 74. See ChcJrnel, Miiiistere dc Mazarin^ iii. 327 ; Cal. S. P. Dom., 1 660- 1, pp. 200, 259. M. Bastide (March, 1661), agent employed by M. Fouquet. Cheruel, Fouquet^ ii. 143 ; Ranke, History of England, iii. 381; Clarendon, Continuation, 173-180; Lister, Life of Clarendon, ii. 133-5. Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Anglctcrre, vol. 76. His correspondence with Clarendon is printed in Clarendon's State Papers, vol iii, appendix, pp. i.-xv., cf. Lister, Life of Clarendon, ii. 129. Comte d'Estrades, 'Conseiller du Roi en ses conseils. Lieutenant-general en ses Armees, Maire perpetuel de Bordeaux, et Gouverneur de Gravelines et pays en dependance' (1661), ambassador in ordinary. Memoirespour servir d'instruction dated May 13 and 23, 1661. Arrived in London in July; absent from October, 1661, to the middle of Januar}', 1662. Left London again in April, 1662. Complete correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterrc, vols. 75-78. Some letters printed in Clarendon State Papers, vol. iii. Appendix, pp. xvi-xxv ; cf. Lister, ii. 128, 156. D'Estrades returned to England again in Aug., 1662, to negotiate the purchase of Dunkirk. Se.& Lettres Mc'nioii'es et Negociations,ed. 1743, i. 133-431, and also E. Combe, The Sale of Dttnkirk to Louis XIV, 1728, where man}' of his letters are reprinted and translated from the Anibassades et Negociations de M. le Comte d'Estrades, 17 18. Five collections of the despatches of D'Estrades appeared, viz. : — {a) Lettres Mcmoires et Negociations, 5 vols, 1709. {b) Anibassades et Negociations, i vol, 17 18. (c) Lettres Mcmoires et Negociations, 6 vols, 1719. (d) Lettres Mcmoires et Negociations, 9 vols, 8vo, 1743. {e) Lettres et Negociations de MM. d'Estrades, Colbert, etc. a la Paix de Nimegue, 17 10, 3 vols. For criticisms of these works see the two articles of L Goll in Reviie Historique, vols, iii, iv; and Tamizey de Larroque's introduction to Relation inedite de la defense de Dunkerque par le Marechal d'Estrades, 1872. Two MS. collections of the despatches of D'Estrades are in the British Museum, Stowe MS. 192, and Egerton MS. 2071. 43 M. de Cateux (or Catou), ' gentilhomme ordinaire de la Maison du Roi ' (Oct., 1661). Sent on a special mission to carry the complaints of Louis XIV to Charles II concerning the assault on D'Estrades. Instructions dated Oct. 17 in Archives dcs Affaires Etrangeres, Anglctcrre, vol. 76. On the encounter between the French and Spanish ambassadors at the landing of the Swedish ambassador on Sept. 30, 1661 see Evelyn's narrative in his Diary, ii. 485, ed. 1879' Pepys, Diary, Sept. 30, and Oct. 4, 1661 ; Mignet, Negocia- fioiis, i. 86 ; and Mcmoircs^de Brionic. M. Batailler (1661), secretary, 'Charge d'affaires ' during the absence of D'Estrades. Correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres Anglelerrc, vols. 7S~77- Marquis de Ruvigny (Aug., 1662). Sent on a special mission. Letters in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Anglcterre, vols. 80, 81. In England also in Aug. and Sept., 1663 {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1663-4, pp. 254, 268). Jean Baptiste Gaston, Comte de Cominges (Dec, 1662). Ambassador in ordinary. Instructions dated Dec. 6, 1662. Reached London Dec. 23 (O.S.) ; left Dec, 1665. Complete correspon- dence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Anglcterre, vols. 78-87. See also British Museum, Egcrton MSS. 627, 812, 1680. A full account of his mission is given in A French Ambassador al I he Coitrt of C harks II : Lc Comte de Comminges, by J. J. Jusserand, London, 1892, with extracts from his correspondence in the Ap])cndix, pp. 187-252. Other extiacts are printed in the Appendix to Braybrooke's edition of Pepy's Z^/arvand in W'licallc} 's Pepysiana, pp. 288-303. .Sec also Clarendon, Continua- tion, 631 ; Pep3's, Diary, Oct. 29, 1663. Marquis de Ruvigny. Sent to England on a s]:)ccial missif)n, Dec, i66.}. J lc reached England Dec. 9, 1664 (N S.), and left in Feb., 1665 {Transcripts). Archives dcs Affaiies l-jrangeits, Anglcterre, \o\. '6^. See Carlwright, Madame, jjp. 177, 206, 220, 269. Christie, Life oj Sha/teslmry, i. 273, 278, 292, prints extracts Irom his letters, some ol tlicni ol earlier date. 44 Henri de Bourbon, Due de Verneuil, ' onclc du Roi,' and M. Honore de Courtin, ' Conseiller en tous Ics Conscils' (April, 1O65), extraordinary ambas- sadors. Credentials dated April i, 1665; instructions April 4. Arrived at London in April, 1665 ; left Dec., 1665. Com- plete correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Ang/c/errc, vols. 84-87. Some extracts from these letters are printed by jusserand, p. 138 et seqq. See also Mignet, Nrgocia/ions,\. 416; C\avendon, Co/i/iiiiuilio/i, 631-2. They made their public entry on Ma}' 8, and had audience on May 9 {The Hisioriaiis Guide). Official relations between France and England were in- terrupted from Dec. 13, 1666, to Aug. 11, 1667 (Baschet). Marquis de Ruvig-ny, envoy extraordinary. Reached England Sept. 2-12, 1667; left July 19-29, 1668 {Transcripts). His instructions as envoy extraordinary are dated nth Aug., 1667 (printed in Mignet, Ne'gocia- tions, ii. 505). Complete correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 88-91. Extracts in Mignet, ii. 505-546, 562; iii. 9-18. Dalrymple, Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland, ed. 1790, i. 70. M. de la Fonds (or de la Font), 'gentilhomme ordi- naire de la chambre du Roi.' Sent on a mission to the Earl of Clarendon, then an exile in France. Credentials dated 16 Dec, 1667 (Baschet). Archives des Affaires Etrangeres Angleterre^ vols. 88, 91, 93; Clarendon, Continuation, 1204-1231. Charles Colbert de Croissy, 'Conseiller ordinaire du .Roi en tous ses Conseils ' (Aug., 1668), ambassador extraordinary, afterwards ambassador in ordinary. Instructions dated 2 Aug., 1668 (printed in Mignet, iii. 23-39). Made his public entry Aug. 17 (Pepys). Visit to the Duke of York, Aug. 21 (ibid). Remained in England till Jan., 1674. Complete correspondence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angleterre, vols. 92-1 11, and Biblio- theque Nationale, MS. 10665. See also British Museum, Add. MSS, 32, 499. Extracts in Mignet, Negociations, iii. 23 to iv. 255 ; and in Forneron, Louise de Kc'roiialle, pp. 9-107. See also Cartwright, Madame, pp. 268, etc.; and Christie, Life of Shaftesbmy, Vol. ii.. Appendix, p. xii.; Dalrymple, Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland, i. 88-137. 45 Abbe Pregnani. Sent on a secret mission to Charles II. about Marcli, 1669 (Mignet, iii. 73-80; Forneron, Louise de Kcrotialle, p. 30 ; Cartwright, Madame, pp. 279, 283, 292). Bernardin Gigault, Marechal de Bellefonds. Envoy extraordinary to condole on the death of tlie Duchess of Orleans, Jul}^ 1670 (Mignet, iii. 214). Mad arrived on June 27 (O.S.j, and left England July 27 {Cal. S. P. Dom., 1670, pp. 300, 339). Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Angletcrre, vols. 98, 99. Marquis de Ruvigny. Sent to England at first in Nov., 1673, as the colleague of Colbert, became his successor as ambassador in ordi- nar}^ in Jan., 1674, and remained in England till July, 1676. Instructions dated Nov. 4, 1673 (Forneron, Louise de Kerouallc, p. 78). Recredentials dated June 12, 1676 {Foreign Entry Book, 185). Archives des Affaires Etran- geres, ^;/^V(?/^;'rr, vols. 110-118. Extracts from Ruvigny's despatches are printed in Forneron, pp. 77-107 ; in Mignet, iv. 238-406 ; in Dairy mple. Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland, ed. 1790, i. 140, 155. See also Christie, Life of Shaftesbury, vol. ii. Appendix, p. xliv. M. Honore Courtin, seigneur de Chanteraine, 'Conseiller ordinaire du Roi en son Conseil d'etat,' ambassador in ordinary. Instructions dated April 15, 1676. Arrived in London, May, 1676, and left Sept., 1677. Recredentials d.iicd Sept. 2 {Foreign Entry Book, 185). Complete concs])on- dence in Archives des Affaires Etrangeres, Anglitcrrc, vols, 118-124. 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