JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY GLIMPSES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY GLIMPSES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA Hope dies, love withers, memory fails and fades, But through the long years' ceaseless ebb and flow These faint, far Echoes from the old Arcades, Blown through the reeds of boyhood long ago,-- In sunlit hours, in twilight's quiet shades Will speak to us of One we used to know. --James Lindsay Gordon, in Arcade Echoes. EDITORS: JOHN S. PATTON SALLIE J. DOSWELL LEWIS D. CRENSHAW *fc Copyrighted 1915 by John S. Patton, Sallie J. Doswell, Lewis D. Crenshaw T-. ..... ~ Copies of this book, at $ .00 postoaid, may The Michie Company, Printers _ ,. . ' r*. i -ii \/ be obtained rrom tailors, Jeiterson s Charlottesville, Va. . ... . . , University, University, Va. FOREWORD A great master of phrases once described a university ''as a place which attracts the affections of the young by its fame, wins the judgment of the middle-aged by its beauty, and rivets the memory of the old by its associa- tions." The purpose of the authors of "J e fT erson ' s Uni- versity" has been to set forth this ancient foundation in such fashion as to accomplish this threefold purpose. It is an inspiring story, and I hope the recital will bring pleasure and high memories to those who know the place, and incentive to those who are reaching up to its wide spaces. EDWIN A. ALDERMAN. THE KARL BITTER STATUE OF THOMAS JEFFERSON I IN THE BEGINNING THE University of Virginia grew out of the thinking and dreaming of one man. The story of its building, after fifty years of yearning, brings into view another per- sonality a young Virginian lately returned from French and Italian universities to engage in some work that would be a tribute of service to his people. The opportunity at hand for a great achievement, the right men were thus met ; Thomas Jefferson to whom the vision had come, to guide and direct, and Joseph Carrington Cabell to enter the arena the senate of Virginia and champion and win statutory tangibleness for the noble enterprise. THE EARLY PROFESSORS In the telling of the story, Albemarle Academy would call for a passing thought, though it never existed, and Central College would require a word, though its academe never resounded with student voices. The first professors would afford an interesting hour, especially those who had come over sea when ocean voyaging was attended with danger and discomfort Blaettermann, from "33 Castle street, Holborn," to quote Mr. Jefferson, "a German who was acquainted with our countrymen Ticknor and Preston, and was highly recommended by them;" George Long, the Oxford graduate, "a small, delicate-looking blonde man," charming enough to catch a Virginia widow ; and three others Thomas Hewitt Key, Charles Bonnycastle and Robley Dunglison who came over in the same vessel, the UNIVERSITY "Competitor." This voyage required nearly four months, six weeks of which were spent in beating about the Chan- nel* Another of the first faculty, Dr. John P. Emmet, though educated in this country, was a native of Great Britain, GEORGE TUCKER. FIRST CHAIRMAN OF THE FACULTY and a nephew of the Irish orator. There was only one Virginian in the faculty of 1825, and he first saw the light under a foreign flag. This was George Tucker (born of *In 1854, when Mr. Key was a candidate for the Latin pro- ressorship, then just constituted at Oxford, he told the writer in his room at Lincoln College, in M^.y or June, that the sea IN THE BEGINNING 7 Virginia parents in the Bermudas), who was called from a seat in Congress, where he was one of the Old Dominion's representatives, to fill the chair of Moral Science in the University of Virginia. Among the successors of these learned men were many whose lives furnish interesting data for the college his- torian. The present sketch does not deal with the whole subject, but with glimpses and impressions of the Univer- sity which will recall to the minds of her sons fragments of her story and theirs which may have been forgotten. To many of us who return to renew, at this place, associations long since broken, around these old ar- cades voices instinct with the gladness of life's spring- time "continually do cry." At every corner, and in the shadow of every arch and pillar here, memories meet us out of the years when life was alight with faith and hope, and death was only a dream. For us these dim old halls are tenanted with the countless ghosts of boyish ambitions that faded in the light of the world beyond. Here hope has sung for many a young poet his deathless song that never floated into speech here for many an untried orator, with soul- compelling eloquence, have the senates of dreamland rung. JAMES LINDSAY GORDON. A visitor to the University who comes impressed with its history will not be disappointed in the dignity of its architecture and the beauty of its surroundings. Its cam- pus, which bears the modest name of The Lawn, is of un- was so tremendous during the voyage to America that he had been' washed out of the ship by one wave and into it again by the next. Feeling rather staggered at this, I ventured to cross-examine Mr. Key, but I could not shake him; he only added, "I struck out," which, however, might have been d'one within board. JOHN POWER HICKS. 8 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY surpassed beauty, and the tourist will tread its Tuscan arcades and study its classic fagades with an unexpected interest. On this Lawn three Presidents of the United States Jefferson, Madison and Monroe have conferred upon the issues of higher education in Virginia with the earnestness with which the great men of the earlier days of the century devoted themselves to the problems that faced them. Not the least interesting of the records of this institu- tion is that thin, yellowed Record Book of the Board of Visitors in the days when Jefferson was Rector, and Madi- son and Monroe were fellow-members of that Board, the most of whose pages were written by the cramped fingers of the founder, then four score years of age. The last entry, penned in a good round hand in spite of the stiffened joints, and without any evidence of the tremulousness which the weight of years usually brings, was made by Mr. Jef- ferson three months before his death, on July 4, 1826.* EARLY ADMINISTRATION Until 1904 the University had had no president. The executive was the Chairman of the Faculty, who stood in *You propose to me to write to half a dozen gentlemen on this subject. You do not know, my dear sir, how great is my physical inability to write. The joints of my right wrist and fingers, in consequence of an antient dislocation, are become so stiffened that I can write but at the pace of a snail. The copying our report, and my letter lately sent to the Governor, being seven pages only, employed me laboriously a whole week. The letter I am now writing you [three printed octavo pages] has taken me two days. I have been obliged, therefore, to withdraw from letter writing but in cases of the most indis- pensable urgency. A letter of a page or two costs me a day or two of labor, and of painful labor. JEFFERSON TO CABELL, 1822. DR. JAMES M. PAGE, LAST CHAIRMAN OF THE FACULTY 10 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY somewhat the same relation of a college president to the responsibilities of control and direction, but he was not nearly so absolute. The faculty was his cabinet, and the faculty committees distributed the administration in a rather general way. Each member felt that he had a re- sponsible share in all that was done, and the chairman con- sulted with this official body on all matters which involved a new policy. The course once decided upon in a faculty meeting was carried into effect usually by the chairman or was by him delegated to some special committee or some assistant. On the fourteenth of June, 1904, Dr. Edwin Anderson Alderman was elected president, and the old order gave way to the new. He was publicly welcomed to the Uni- versity September 15, 1904, and formally installed in of- fice April 13, 1905, the anniversary of the founder's birth. Mr. Jefferson combatted with all the force of his stately reasoning the establishment of a presidency, even when William Wirt was expected to be the first incumbent, and was content with a chairman of the faculty as the execu- tive. But in the nearly a century that has elapsed since the beginning of the active career of the institution in March, 1825, a period of amazing development in all fields of endeavor, especially in America there has been a constant emergence of problems that have affected the University's material prosperity, and much more. Adjust- ment to the new conditions, which these problems have brought about, was necessary to preserve the vitality and extend the usefulness of the institution. The executive of- fice as established, defined .and defended by Jefferson was so involved in the accumulation and persistence of admin- istrative difficulties that its constitution was eventually IN THE BEGINNING 11 changed by authority of the legislature; and a new era in the life of the University began with the installation of President Alderman. CHARACTERISTICS In the ordinary meaning of the term, there is no cur- riculum, aided by time, to carry all alike forward to coveted degrees. Time is not an element in the winning of honors here. While there is an average period within which the average student may safely count upon winning his diplo- mas, the diploma comes at last as the reward of merit and earnest effort. So that, while this institution is not .alone among places of learning in reckoning sound attainments as a pre-requisite for its honors, it maintains a just emi- nence in this matter and cannot be attacked as having in any degree permitted its freedom to cheapen its glories. No honorary degree has ever been conferred. The students conduct various enterprises which prepare them for the greater fields to which they are destined. In literary matters they have forums for debate and lit- erary disquisition. They publish an annual, a monthly liter- ary magazine, and a bi-weekly, College Topics. They have their secret societies, chiefly of the Greek-letter order, their school clubs, their german clubs and a glee and man- dolin club, and other organizations demanded by their so- cial natures and ambitions. There are elections which, in a good-natured way, sometimes shake the college world as national political struggles stir the American people. The choice of members of the Executive Committee of the General Athletic Association is often attended with as much political skill and finesse considering the area of oppor- tunity as are devoted to the selection of a United States 12 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY senator or the nomination of a president of the American republic To be the manager of the football or baseball COLONNADE, EAST WING OF ROTUNDA team, to be the man of chief influence in the athletic as- sociation, are honors coveted and well worth the wearing. The large place which the athletes of this institution have made for themselves in the amateur athletic world is well IN THE BEGINNING 13 known to those who take interest in such matters, and need not be written of in this place. THE: STUDENT HERE: The atmosphere of this college world is ideal. Here a man's consequence is not determined by his antecedents nor by his wealth, but by his ability and by his character, for which his antecedents have the right to take some credit. There is absolute equality of opportunity. Class and caste exist inoffensively, not as the result of accident, but of the necessity growing out of differences in gifts and character which must be found in all large assemblages of men. So long, however, as equal opportunity is afforded no one can complain, and no one does complain. This at- mosphere promotes robust manhood and rapid, healthful growth and love of integrity. The man who, while a stu- dent at the University, neglects his opportunities, so far as tuition is concerned, is still benefited beyond calculation by the views of life which are unfolded to him. There is here no method or manner which results in levity or frivolous idling with serious and important problems. The boy who enters this University is, in this respect, a man wlien he leaves it, and usually a man to be reckoned with. THE STUDENT HEREAFTER When University days are over and the student becomes an alumnus, it is found that he is well equipped, usually, for the difficulties of life. The men of this institution are the chief ones in their communities throughout the South and their influence and position in the cities of their sec- tions are conceded. In New York, and in other cities 14 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY North, East and West, their talents and acquirements have brought them well to the front and made them useful. ED GAR ALLAN POE POE'S ROOM, NO. 13 WEST RANGE In Southern literature the University man has exercised a vast influence and won for himself fame, and for his Alma Mater, distinction. As a teacher, his charms and excellences are remembered by the alumni of scores of col- IN THE BEGINNING 15 leges and universities ; as a lawyer, his voice has been potent with juries, and his learning and probity have added lustre to the judiciary; as a physician, he has ministered with surpassing skill in army and navy, and in general practice ; as a clergyman, he has worn the cloth worthily in the highest, as in the humblest, fields ; in politics, his name has been legion, and his influence for the better policies and doctrines of the republic; in war, "a paladin flaming in battle." To trace individually the men who, after leaving this University, have gained renown, would be an interesting but almost interminable task, although some have done this very worthily. Professor Wm. P. Trent, '84, has,, in this way, produced some very pleasant pages. In concluding them he said: "It is highly interesting to watch the 'roll- ing stones' of the University, many of whom, after trying three or more professions, finally wound up as 'forty- niners' in California. One got into Garibaldi's service; one started from Virginia, was a member of the Texas Congress, then treasurer of Texas, then got a diplomatic appointment abroad, and finally settled down as a farmer in Maryland. One student from Peru became a professor of law in the University of Lima, was afterwards Secre- tary of Foreign Affairs, and then represented his govern- ment in China and Japan. But perhaps the entry which gave me most food for reflection was the following ; Na- thaniel Holt Clanton, of Augusta, Ga. ; born 1847 ; student, Paris, France ; pressed into service of Commune, and killed on barricades, 1872."* *In his sketch "The Influence of the University of Virginia upon Southern Life and Thought" in "Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia" by Dr. Herbert B. Adams. 16 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY I salute with reverence the splendid memories that gather about this illustrious University. The annals of your alma mater are rich with the records of serv- ice and bright with the inspiration of immortal names. Out yonder your books are writ in the reg- istry of a great alumni. Georgia has made her princely contribution to the roll, Alabama has lighted her torch of genius at this inspiring altar. South Carolina has sent her patriot sons for grand equipment here. Mississippi and Texas, and their sister States beyond the Potomac and the Ohio, joining their worthy youth to the steady stream from old Virginia, have moulded here the men who helped to make the republic great. JOHN TEMPLE GRAVES. EDUCATIONAL, FREEDOM When Mr. Jefferson said that he ''had sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility to every form of tyranny over the mind of man," the sentence bore all the signifi- cance that it was possible to attribute to it. It was the vehicle of truth, and was not framed for rhetorical effect. He believed in free government, and wrote its charter in the Declaration of Independence. He believed in freedom of religious thought, and gave it lawful existence in the Virginia statute. He believed in free choice of .a career in educational achievement, and, in the University, gave the opportunity of election. Before the foundation had been laid in brick and mortar he had written to a young Boston- ian, George Ticknor: "I am not fully informed of the practices at Harvard, but there is one from which we shall certainly vary, although it has been copied, I believe, by nearly every college and academy in the United States. That is, the holding the students all to one prescribed course of reading, and disallowing exclusive application to those branches only which are to qualify them for the par- IN THE BEGINNING 17 ticular vocations to which they are destined. We shall, on the contrary, allow them uncontrolled choice in the lec- tures they shall choose to attend, and require elementary qualification only, and sufficient age. Our institution will proceed on the principle of doing all the good it can, with- out consulting its own pride or ambition ; of letting every one come and listen to whatever he thinks may improve the condition of his mind." Of course, the applicant for a degree must comply with the conditions upon which the desired honor is offered. For nearly a century this system has been in vogue with results so satisfactory that it has commended itself to other important institutions of learning. The freedom which prevails in the choice of classes was extended at the very beginning to religious activity within the University. All sects were invited to come and enjoy whatever advantages its courses afforded, the University to be free from any responsibility for the teaching of the seminaries, should they be established in nearness to the college, and, of course, the seminaries to have no connec- tion whatever with the University. Religious investigation was not to be "precluded," but denominational views could not be taught, because the institution was a part of the State, and any propagandist!! whatever would be repug- nant to the constitution. PERSONAL FREEDOM AND HONOR At this University the student is treated not only as a man but as a man of honor until, by his own conduct, he shows himself unworthy. It rarely occurs that he proves so. This confidence excites in him a reverence for things of good report which has a vast influence upon his be- 18 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY havior as a student and in his intercourse with men in after life. There is no espionage either within or without the class-room; perfect probity is conceded to every one and his statement on any subject whatever is received without the attestation of an oath. In examinations the student is free from surveillance, and when his papers are handed in he writes above his signature that he has neither received nor given assistance, and this pledge goes unquestioned. There are a few instances on record where men have abused this confidence and tarnished their good names by dis- honesty in the preparation of their examination papers. The punishment was swift and effective. No meeting of the faculty was necessary ; official action was forestalled by the voluntary action of the student body. The offence was regarded as not only one against the rules and regulations of the institution, but, in a large sense, a violence done the traditional honor of the student body, which it was the spe- cial privilege of the students to avenge. No culprit has been roughly handled ; he has been simply made aware of the existence of a strong public sentiment which makes it impossible for a man to stain his honor and remain a stu- dent at the University of Virginia. "For the graver cases of academic discipline the HONOR SVSTKM has transformed the University of Virginia into what is in effect a gentleman's club. Expulsion from it is the most fearful penalty which can befall a young Virginian. If he remains at home it is to face the lifelong contempt of his social equals, to be debarred from every office of honor in the Com- monwealth, to be shut out of every club, to be ex- cluded from all positions of trust and confidence. If he goes abroad, the stigma still rests upon him and to the omnipresent Virginian and all who derive their views from him the unfortunate offender is a Pariah IN THE BEGINNING 19 and an outcast. At long intervals offences occur and are thus treated, while the unhappy wretch slinks off to some merciful obscurity of retirement and there buries his vain repentance, his blasted hopes, his ig- noble fears, his desecrated life." * *"The Genesis of the Honor System." An address at the Marion (Ala.) Military Institute, April 13, 1904, by William M. Thornton. atr- II BUILDING THE UNIVERSITY MR. JEFFERSON, in a letter to Dr. William Thorn- ton, describes his plan for the grounds and build- ings of the University: "We are commencing here the es- tablishment of a college, and instead of building a mag- nificent house which would exhaust all our funds, we pro- pose to lay off a square of about 700 or 800 feet, on the outside of which we shall arrange separate pavilions, one for each professor and his scholars. Each pavilion will have a school-room below and two rooms for the professor above ; and between pavilion and pavilion a range of dor- mitories for the boys, one story high, giving to each stu- dent a room 10 feet wide by 14 feet deep, the pavilions about 36 wide in front and 24 in depth. The whole of the pavilions and dormitories to be united by a colonnade in front of the height of the lower story of the pavilions, under which they may go dry from school to school. The colonnade will be of square brick pilasters (at first) with a Tuscan entablature. Now what we wish is that these pa- vilions, as they will show themselves above the dormi- tories, shall be models of taste and good architecture, and of a variety of appearance, no two alike, so as to serve as specimens for the architectural lectures." THE: LAWN This plan was followed with results which are very well shown in the birds-eye view (on page 20.) Taking this view as a chart, the ensuing statements will be easily un- WEST LAWN EAST LAWN PAVILION I. Diocletian's Baths Doric. Prof. Emmet. Prof. Courtenay. Prof. Bledsoe. Prof. Gildersleeve. Prof. Page, John R. Prof. Tuttle. Board of Visitors. PAVILION II. Temple Fortuna Virilis Ionic. Prof. Johnson. Prof. Warner. Prof. Cabell. Prof. Dabney, W. C. Prof. Buckmaster. Prof. Harrison, J. A. Prof. Smith, C. A. PAVILION III. Palladia Corinthian. Prof. Lomax. Prof. Davis, T. A. G. Prof. Magill. Prof. Griffith. Prof. Howard. Prof. Peters. Prof. Harrison, J. F. Prof. Dabney, W. C. Prof. Garnett. Col. Carter, Proctor. Prof. Minor, R'. C. PAVILION IV. Albano' Doric. Prof. Blaettermann. Prof. Kraitsir. Prof. Schele DeVere. Prof. Kent. Administration Bldg. Alley. Alley. PAVILION V. Palladia Ionic, with Modillions. Prof. Long. Prof. Patterson. Prof. Harrison, G. Prof. Smith, F. H. Prof. Kent. THE LAWN PAVILION VI. Theatre Mqrcellus Ionic. Prof. Key. Prof. Harrison, G. Prof. Rogers, W. B. Prof. Smith, F. H. Prof. Coleman. Prof. Holmes. Prof. Perkinson. Prof. Graves. Alley. Alley. PAVILION VII. Palladia Doric. Prof. Davis, T. S. Prof. Boeck. Prof. Davis, N. K. Colonnade Club. PAVILION VIII. Diocletian's Baths Corinthian. Prof. Bonnycastle. Prof. Rogers, R. E. Prof. Smith, J. L. Prof. Maupin. Prof. Davis, J. S. Prof. Venable. Prof. Echols. Alley. Alley. PAVILION IX. Temple Fortuna Virilis Ionic. Prof. Tucker, Geo. Prof. McGuffey. Prof. Peters. Prof. FitzHugh. PAVILION X. Theatre Marcellus Doric. Prof. Dunglison. Prof. Davis, J. A. G. Prof. Tucker, H. St. G Prof. Minor, J. B. Prof. Lile. Mechanical Laboratory. Physical Laboratory. CABELL HALL BUILDING THE UNIVERSITY 23 derstood. The central "square" or campus shown in this picture is known as "The Lawn." It was once bounded on three sides by buildings, but is now entirely enclosed, Cabell Hall and the Physical and Mechanical Labora- tories being the last of these erections. The Rotunda stands at the north end, and, with the surrounding terrace, occupies the entire width. At the opposite end of "The Lawn" is Cabell Hall, already referred to. East Lawn, which consists of five pavilions, or professors' GRADUATION DAY ACADEMIC PROCESSION MARCHING DOWN LAWN residences, connected by students' dormitories, encloses I he left side of the Lawn as it is viewed from the Rotunda, while West Lawn, made up of the same number of pavil- ions with connecting dormitories, encloses the right side. The width of the Lawn from arcade to arcade is two hun- dred feet, and its length from the Rotunda portico to the portico of Cabell Hall is one thousand feet. It is a gradual descent from the Rotunda steps to the Hall, the grade be- ing distributed by five terraces. These pavilions and dor- mitories were ready for occupancy in 1823, having been erected in accordance with the plans of Mr. Jefferson, de- rived chiefly from Palladio. 24 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY The first pavilion on West Lawn, counting from the Ro- tunda end of the campus, is an adaptation of the Doric of Diocletian's Baths ; the pavilion next in order on the same side now occupied by Professor Raleigh C. Minor is the Corinthian of Palladio ; Professor Charles W. Kent's resi- dence (long known .as Prof. F. H. Smith's), is Palladio's Ionic order with modillions ; the fourth pavilion, once the home of Professor Noah K. Davis, but now that of the Colonnade Club, is Doric of Palladio. This building is the remains of old Central College, the nucleus about which Jefferson erected his more ambitious institution. For sev- eral years after the University was in operation this building was used as the Library, and was long known as the "Old Library." Its cornerstone was laid by Widow's Son Lodge, of Charlottesville, Va., October 6, 1817, in the presence of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and many other distinguished people. This pavilion was probably not occupied as a pro- fessor's residence until after 1840. The last pavilion on the west side is occupied by Professor Thomas FitzHugh, and is Ionic of the Temple of Fortuna Virilis. Crossing the Lawn and ascending toward the Rotunda, the first pavilion that so long occupied by Professor John B. Minor, and now the home of Professor William M. Lile is Doric of the Theatre of Marcellus, while the Co- rinthian of the Baths of Diocletian was copied for the pa- vilion, now the home of Professor William H. Echols. Following this is the old Holmes pavilion, now the resi- dence of Professor Charles A. Graves, in the Ionic of the Theatre of Marcellus ; the Doric of Albano appears in the next pavilion, so long the home of Professor Schele De Vere, where the administrative offices are now located. The Ionic of Fortuna Virilis is the order of the pavilion which stands at the head of East Lawn, completing the BUILDING THE UNIVERSITY 25 list, and now occupied by Professor Charles Alphonso Smith. As planned, the Lawn was to be devoid of trees, so that nothing would interfere with the severely classic acces- sories, but at present two rows of handsome maples border each side. At first the spaces now occupied by the terrace wings of the south front of the Rotunda were open arcades designed as places for exercise in bad weather. The professors resident in the pavilions taught their classes in them and not, as at present and for many years, in lecture rooms elsewhere. The English don (Professor Long) must have surprised the authorities by marrying a Virginia widow. Jefferson had imagined that his professors would remain single and live upstairs in the pavilions, leaving the ground floor for recitation-rooms ; but professors' wives soon changed all that, and the classes were driven out doors. DR. ADAMS. In the basement of the pavilion in which the Colonnade Club is now housed was the reading-room of the library. It was so dark that candles were often necessary in the day- time. The library itself was in an upper room. Mr. Jef- ferson's last visit to the University was made to inspect and aid in classifying some books. This was in June, 1826, a month before his death. The Jefferson Literary Society at one time held its meetings in the basement room above referred to. THE RANGES The birds-eye view, which we have been using as a chart, shows a line of low buildings on the left of those already described and another on the right. These are known as East and West Ranges. 26 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY East Range is a row of dormitories with the Washing- ton Literary Society Hall at the north end, the old gymna- sium, now used for students' rooms, at the south end, and the building, sometime known as the Alumni Hall, in the WEST RANGE (1) POE'S ROOM (2) JEFF. HALL center. It of course lies east of East Lawn and faces East, while East Lawn faces west. The Wash. Hall and the other pavilions were originally hotels or "refectories." For a long time the central refectory was used as the residence of the Proctor, and the dormitory on the north side was his office, and for a time, also, the postoffice. Before it be- came a residence, and probably while in use as a hotel, a BUILDING THE UNIVERSITY 27 Mons. Perron had there a salle d'armes, and taught fenc- ing and boxing (in the thirties). GARDEN BETWEEN EAST LAWN AND EAST RANGE West Range, a series of many dormitories and, origi- nally, three hotels, lies west of West Lawn. The central one of the hotels is now, and has been for many years, the hall of the Jefferson Literary Society. It seems that the Washington Society at one time held 28 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY its meetings in this pavilion which, years afterwards, be- came the permanent home of the Jefferson, while the Wash- ington has founded a temple at the north end of East Range. In this West Range pavilion Mons. Ferron's suc- cessor, Signor Penci, a Corsican, taught fencing. In West Range is the dormitory (No. 13) known as the Poe room. His first room was on West Lawn, but a quarrel with his room-mate, Miles George, of Richmond, Va., led to his moving to West Range. Between the Ranges and the Lawns lie the gardens and private grounds attached to the pavilions on the Lawns. These are separated at intervals by narrow streets, enclosed between serpentine brick walls, which are a prominent and picturesque feature of the place. The two interior ranges [The Lawns] front upon a grassy lawn, shaded by trees, and about two hundred feet wide. They also consist of one-story dormitories for students, broken by the above mentioned alleys, communicating with the East and West Ranges re- spectively, and agreeably relieved by five houses in each range, the dwellings of as many professors, the fronts of which display considerable regard to archi- tectural effect. In the front of the dormitories and of the professors' houses is a continuous colonnade of about twelve feet in width, taking the place of the ar- cade of the East and West Ranges, the arches being replaced by handsome columns which support a roof, nearly flat, over the paved walk below, the whole sur- mounted by an iron balustrade, and affording a com- munication in the upper story between the professors' houses on each side. DR. W. H. RUFFNER. THF, ROTUNDA In time an early day in the making of the University the masterpiece, the Rotunda, whether so intended or not,. BUILDING THE UNIVERSITY 29 became the chief and central building in the group. It was not, however, the first one erected. The ten pavilions and the dormitories on the Lawn, and the six hotels and the dormitories comprising East and West Ranges, were ready for occupancy October, 1822. The erection of the Rotunda was begun in the spring of the following year, and by Oc- SOUTH FRONT OF ROTUNDA tober its walls were ready to receive the roof. During the ensuing year it was put under cover, but the portico was not finished until after the death of the Founder. At his last visit to the University, only a few weeks before his death, as I was informed by the late William Wertenbaker, he stood at the window in front of the .Xibrary Room, looking out upon the Lawn, until Mr. Wertenbaker brought him a chair from his own office, when he sat for twenty minutes or so, watching the lifting of the first marble capital to the top of its pil- lar, the one at the southwest corner. This concluded, he left the grounds and never returned. PROFESSOR FRANCIS H. SMITH. 30 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY In 1851-53 an annex to the Rotunda a long, barrack- like structure ending in a columned portico of some dignity was erected to provide an auditorium and more lecture rooms. This building was known as the Public Hall. The Rotunda was built to furnish, first of all, a place for religious worship. "The Apostle of Religious Free- dom saw no inconsistency in applying public funds to the building of a chapel for unsectarian use." Another pur- pose, of course, was to afford room for the college library. Before the fire* four rooms on what were then the first and second floors, were used as lecture rooms. The res- toration has done away with two of these and the remain- ing ones were until recently used for the library of the Law School. Even before it was finished two or three notable events took place in this building. There, on Friday, November 5, 1824, the citizens of the county of Albemarle gave a dinner to Lafayette, after a parade, remarkable for that time, through the streets of the village of Charlottesville. In August of the following year the same distinguished man was banqueted by the professors and students of the first session of the institution. At three o'clock the General [Lafayette] was in- vited to a dinner prepared in the upper room of the rotunda, the whole size of the building. The tables were beautifully arranged in three concentric circles. Over the place assigned to the General was an arch of living laurel, beautifully entwined around two columns that supported the gallery. Mr. V. W. *The Rotunda and the Public Hall, the latter sometimes called The Annex, were burned Sunday, October 27, 1895. In the Rotunda was the general library, the most of which was destroyed. BUILDING THE UNIVERSITY 31 Southall presided, in the absence of Colonel Randolph the General first on his right, then Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Madison. On his left, George W. Lafayette and his suite. Charlottesville "Central Gazette," No- vember 10, 1824. There, too, twenty-five years later, occurred the famous dinner of the Society of Alumni at the close of the session of 1859-60, which was followed by the famous oration in the Public Hall by the late Senator Voorhees of Indiana. Until the Fayerweather Gymnasium afforded a better dancing room, the Library was the scene of the Final Ball, which from time almost immemorial, has been the closing event of the Commencement season, when the students literally Dance all night till the broad day light, And go home with the girls in the morning. And there, at the upper or northern end of the tri- angle, stands the Roman Pantheon, the temple of all the gods. Young people dance merrily under the stately dome at the end of the academic year. The young monks thus escape from their cells into the modern social world. How charmingly old Rome, mediaeval Europe, and modern America blend to- Sither before the very eyes of young Virginia. R. ADAMS. Ill AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 THE restoration and expansion which followed the fire of 1895, when the combustible parts of the Ro- tunda and the Public Hall were destroyed, proceeded on the general lines of Mr. Jefferson's architectural scheme. Those who resent an incongruous mixture of the orders of architecture are glad that in spite of the memories that clung to this scene of so many interesting events the Public Hall was not rebuilt, especially as its absence gives room for a portico after the model of that which looks upon the Lawn, though subordinate to it. The space formerly oc- cupied by the annex is now a handsome esplanade and the site of Sir Moses Ezekiel's fine statue of Jefferson. A quadrangular promenade around the Rotunda is carried by the floors of the porticos, the roofs of the four low build- ings which connect the Rotunda with the extended colon- nades of East Lawn and West Lawn. Originally the interior of the Rotunda was divided into three stories. The first and second were given up to lec- ture rooms ; the third, to the library. Entering from the portico, the visitor ascended one flight of stairs to the li- brary or dome room. As arranged since the fire, the li- brary is entered directly from the portico. This addition of a story to the height of the interior produces an im- pressive effect. Instead of two surrounded galleries as formerly there are now three. The light iron rail of the gallery has been replaced by an artificial parapet, the piers of which can serve as pedestals for a circle of life- size statues overlooking- the space below. The dome AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 33 ceiling is painted a sky blue, and decorated with twelve soaring eagles in white, their beaks and talons picked out in gold. The space between the circle of eagles and the central light is frescoed to represent floating clouds fading into the clear vision of the sky. The scheme of decoration was suggested by the use of the eagle in the hall ceiling at Monticello, and the model used for the design was a cast taken from that place. "It is well known that Mr. Jefferson took as the model of his chief building, with some modifications, the noblest edifice of ancient Rome, and one which fortunately remains in the most perfect preservation. It is that known in Catholic circles as the church Santa Maria Rotunda, but better known by its original name, Pantheon. Mr. Jefferson never saw it, for he was ^--rreTeT~irritary. He was familiar with it in the draw- C ings of Palladio Despite all this [the use ot**"of cheaper material], Mr. Jefferson's building was, in several respects, superior to the original. The latter was approached by five steps ; Mr. Jefferson's by four- teen, giving an elevation to the handsome portico which contributes greatly to its imposing beauty. The Roman portico is one hundred and eight feet by forty-two, with sixteen columns thirty-nine feet high, and divided into three colonnades. Mr. Jefferson's portico is fifty feet by twenty-eight and a half, with ten columns twenty-eight and a half feet high, and its floor space is undivided, giving it a much lighter and more airy, as well as relatively loftier, aspect. Lastly, Mr. Jeffer- son raised the floor of the portico and thus increased the height of the cylindrical drum until it was equal to its diameter. The massive .and ponderous original must always from without have seemed somewhat dumpy." PROF. F. H. SMITH, in Alumni Bulletin. Three ancient volumes of special interest are open to the inspection of the library visitor : the Bible which was be- 34 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY queathed to Jefferson by Chancellor George Wythe, his be- loved preceptor at William and Mary College, used con- tinuously by Mr. Jefferson from the time it came into his possession and inscribed with comments by both of its dis- tinguished owners ; and two Testaments from which Jef- ferson clipped the sayings of Jesus in the preparation of what is now known as "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth." Another result of the restoration of the Rotunda was the lengthening of the Lawn, or inner campus, by adding to its southern end a space now known as the New Quad- rangle. Three of its sides are enclosed by buildings (p. 35). In this space is Sir Moses Ezekiel's Homer. Viewed from the portico of the Rotunda the erections of the Quadrangle seem to be but one story high. Only that elevation was allowed to appear above the level of the Lawn in order to preserve the dominance of the central structure, the Rotunda. On the west side of the Quadrangle the new Mechanical Laboratory a part of the amplification of the University plant following the Fire deepens, with its Ionic portico, the classic impression. Facing it from the eastern margin of the Lawn the Rouss Physical Laboratory secures artistic proportion. The central edifice at the southern end of the Lawn balancing the Rotunda at the northern is the academic building called "Cabell Hall," a larger and more significant erection than those adjacent to it. CABELL HALL The portico of this building is supported by columns car- rying Corinthian capitals. Its tympanum bears a group by Zolnay. Below the group, which illustrates it, are the AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 35 CABELL HALL AND HOMER STATUE words of St. John in Greek: "Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free," the pregnant motto of the University. "It is the motto still that to the living, Who gather 'neath her mantle's ample fold, She gives as one most worthy of her giving Better than fame, and finer far than gold The gift of God, that hath been and shall be, To know the eternal Truth, and knowing, to be free "* *Armistead Churchill Gordon: "For Truth and Freedom." 36 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY Connecting Cabell Hall with the buildings on each side are peristyles covered with ivy and ampelopsis to afford shade for belvideres from which the view is extensive. In the lobby of Cabell Hall is a commemorative tablet in bronze, and some few specimens of the University collec- tion of portraits of scholars, statesmen and soldiers adorn the walls. The tablet reads : "E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires." This tablet commemorates the burning, on October 27th r 1895, of the Rotunda and Public Hall of the University of Virginia; and the restoration of the Rotunda, and the building of the Academical Hall, the Rouss Physical Laboratory, and the Mechanical Laboratory, during the years 1896, 1897, 1898, under the direction of W. C. N. Randolph, Rector; Armistead C. Gordon, Rector; William Gordon McCabe, Daniel Harmon, Legh R. Watts, Marshall McCormick, Thomas S. Martin, Rawley W. Martin, R. Tate Irvine, Joseph Bryan, Camm Pat- teson, William B. Mcllwaine, of the Visitors; W. M. Thorn- ton, W. H. Echols, of the Faculty; McKim, Mead & White. Architects. 1898. Among the paintings is one of Joseph C. Cabell. On the 15th of November, 1856, the faculty ordered the pur- chase at their expense of a painting of Mr. Cabell, "to give expression to their high regard" and "their grateful re- membrance of his uniform courtesy and kindness towards them." "A thoughtful, kindly yet determined face has this Virginia scholar." The full length portrait of General Robert E. Lee would be conspicuous in any collection. The chieftain is in full uniform and looks every inch the knightly man he was. The artist, Elder, succeeded well with the head and face of the idol of the nation that "fell, pure of crime. n ]. E. B. Stuart is drawn life-size with his cavalry cloak thrown back from his left arm. His slouch hat, pressed AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 37 down on his abundant hair, is ornamented with the cavalier plume. There is a twinkle in the blue eye of the dashing Confederate, and one has little difficulty in imagining him singing his favorite "If you want to have a good time Jine the cavalry." Another soldierly man in the collection is Colonel Charles S. Venable, painted by Guillaume, many of whose works are to be found in this city and county. That with Colonel Venable the arts of peace followed the employment of arms appears from the collection of works on mathematics on which his left hand rests. From the foyer of Cabell Hall stairways descend to the parquet and others ascend to the galleries of the audito- rium. From each end the auditorium is entered on the floor of the balcony. The hall is amphitheatrical in form, with parquet, balcony and gallery, and has a seating ca- pacity of fifteen hundred. The rostrum has as a back- ground a copy of Raphael's School of Athens, from the original fresco in the Sala de Segnatura in the Vatican.* The remaining space on each side is filled with a large Skinner pipe organ of the electro-pneumatic action type, *Paul Baize, a French artist, who had copied for the French government more than fifty of Raphael's paintings, made the first copy of this painting for the University, which was re- ceived here in 1856. After having been exhibited in London at the Royal Polytechnic Institute, and in this country, at the Old Market Hall, Richmond, Va., and the Library Hall, Petersburg, Va., it was hung in the Public Hall at the University, and opened to the public on the afternoon of April 13, 1857, when an address was delivered by Major J. C. Preston, of the Vir- ginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va. This painting was lost in the fire of 1895. 38 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY which is played from a movable console, or cabinet, of four keyboards. This organ was a gift from Mr. Andrew Car- negie in 1907. Cabell Hall contains, in addition to the auditorium, a general assembly room, with about three hundred seats; ZOLNAY BUST OF POE five large and six small lecture-rooms, and a biological lab- oratory equipped with library, instruments, apparatus and specimens for biological work. PAINTINGS AND STATUES The following portraits are to be found in other halls of the University. The list includes in each case information AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 39 as to donor, date of gift, and, where known, the name of the artist. 1875. From Col. Chas. S. Venable, oil portrait of Prof. Wm. B. Rogers, by Lelia M. Smith. 1882-3. From the Law Class, oil portrait of Prof. S. O. South- all, by Mrs. Lelia M. Cocke. 1887. Alexander H. H. Stuart, Rector, University of Virginia, 1886-87. 1887. From his pupils, crayon portrait of Dr. John W. Mal- let, by Miss Lelia Smith. From Dr. Wm. D. Cabell, Washington, D. C., replica of painting in the White House, a full-length oil portrait of Thos. Jefferson; replica by Andrews of the Corcoran Art Gallery, Washington, D. C. 1897. From his father, Geo. H. Byrd, of New York, oil por- trait of Alfred Henry Byrd, by Carroll Beckwith. 1898. From Mrs. Schele, oil portrait of Prof. Schele de Vere, by Guillaume. 1899. Painted and given by Mrs. Marietta Minnegerode An- drews, oil portrait of Jno. R. Thompson, an alumnus. 1900. Prof. Robley Dunglison, made in England, from Prof. Dunglison's son. 1902. From John L. Williams, Richmond, Va., oil portrait of Chief Justice John Marshall, by J. B. Martin. 1903. From Henry T. Kent and Dr. Chas. W. Kent, his broth- ers, a portrait of Linden Kent, in whose memory his widow founded the Linden Kent Chair of English His- tory and Literature. 1903. From the Alumni of McCabe's University School, Rich- mond, Va., oil portrait of W. Gordon McCabe, principal and founder of the above named school. 1903. From John L. Williams, of Richmond, Va., oil portrait of Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury, by Miss Adele Williams. 1905. From the Alumni of McGuire's School, of Richmond, Va., portrait of John Peyton McGuire. 1907. From the alumni of the Episcopal High School, of Alex- andria, Va., portrait of Launcelot Minor Blackford. 40 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY 3908. Photograph from crayon of Edgar Allan Poe, bought of a Boston dealer, who procured it in Vienna. 1908. From his former pupils, oil portrait of Prof. John W. Mallet, by Duncan Smith. 1908. From Mrs. S. W. Sterling, of Charlottesville, Va., portrait of Prof. Wm. H. McGuffey, painted in 1867 by Foster, and framed by Prof. Dunnington. 1908. From Mrs. Narcissa Owen, painted by herself, oil portraits of (1) Thos. Jefferson, his daughter and Thos. Mann Randolph; (2) "Descendants of Thos. Jefferson." 1908. From Robert Hall McCormick, a portrait of Leander J. McCormick. 1908. From Miss Elizabeth Porter Gould, of Boston, photo-en- graving of Rev. Phillips Brooks. 1909. From Samuel Broadus, Decatur, Ala., oil portrait of Dr. John A. Broadus, by a Scotch artist. 1909. From G. Otis Meade, executor of the will of Edw. C. Meade, of Virginia, engraved portrait of Wm. C. Rives, formerly U. S. Senator from Virginia. 1909. From Prof. Wm. H. Perkinson, oil portrait of Henry W. Grady. 1909. From Mrs. Randolph H. McKim, Washington, D. C., oil portrait of Rev. Dr. Randolph H. McKim. 1909. From Mrs. Charles S. Venable, of Charlottesville, Va., portrait of J. Thompson Brown. 1910. From Lewis Minor Coleman, Jr., of Chattanooga, Tenn., an oil portrait of his father, Lewis Minor Coleman, M. A., formerly professor of Latin, who was killed in the war of 1861-5. 1910. Edw. W. James, by order of Visitors, painted by Miss Adele Williams. 1911. Samuel W. Austin, by order of Visitors, painted by Miss Fletcher. 1911. From his former pupils, oil portrait of Prof. A. H. Tuttle, by Duncan Smith. 1912. From the sons of Mr. Jos. Bryan, of Richmond, a dis- tinguished alumnus of the University, an oil portrait of their father, by Duncan Smith. 1912. From the Rector and Visitors of the University of Vir- ginia, an oil portrait of the late Senator Jno. W. Daniel. AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 41 Dates Unknown: Albert Tayloe Bledsoe, photo-engraving. Prof. Charles Bonnycastle, Chairman of Faculty, 1833-35, by Ford. Dr. James Lawrence Cabell, by Guerrant. W. W. Corcoran, by Elder. Prof. Edward H. Courtenay, by J. B. Martin. Prof. Noah K. Davis, by Mrs. Lelia Cocke; presented by Rev. Geo. B. Taylor, of Rome. Col. R. T. W. Duke, photo-engraving; presented by Judge R. T. W. Duke, Charlottesville, Va. Prof. Francis H. Smith, painted by Mrs. Lelia Cocke; presented by his students. Jennings Wyse Garnett, an alumnus. Muscoe R. H. Garnett, an alumnus. Prof. Basil L. Gildersleeve, by Miss Lelia Smith; pre- sented by Prof. Thos. R. Price. Francis W. Gilmer, presented by his niece, Mrs. Lucy A. Minor. Prof. Jas. H. Gilmore, painted by William G. Browne. Dr. Gessner Harrison, by Miss Lelia Smith; presented by alumni of his class. William Wirt Henry, photo-engraving. Prof. George F. Holmes, presented by his daughter, Miss Letitia Holmes. Thomas Jefferson, replica of painting by Thos. Sully, from life when Jefferson was 78 (Jefferson Society). Thomas Jefferson, bust portrait. Thomas Jefferson, engraving by Kosciusko; presented by Robert S. McCormick, American Embassy, Paris, France. Chapman Johnson, Rector University of Virginia, 1836-45; presented by the Johnson family. Prof. John Tayloe Lomax. Leander J. McCormick; presented by Mrs. McCormick. Alamby M. Miller, an alumnus. John B. Minor, by Mrs. Lelia Cocke; presented by his students. Col. John S. Mosby; presented by himself. Thomas H. Norwood, an alumnus. 42 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY Robert M. Patterson, Chairman of Faculty; presented by T. L. and L. G. Patterson, of Cumberland, Md. Prof. William E. Peters, by Miss Lelia Smith; pre- sented by his class. Edgar Allan Poe, crayon portrait; presented and exe- cuted by Albert Bigelow Paine, of Kansas. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, Rector of the University of Virginia, 1857-64. Dr. Walter Reed, an alumnus. Governor William Smith; presented by his son, Col. Thos. Smith. General J. E. B. Stuart, by Elder; presented by his father, W. A. Stuart. Prof. W. M. Thornton, by Miss Lelia Smith; pre- sented by his pupils. Dr. William B. Towles, by William G. Browne; pre- sented by his pupils. Prof. Charles S. Venable, by Guillaume. William Wertenbaker, Librarian, painted by J. A. Elder. Two examples of the work of Sir Moses Ezekiel are here. The first to arrive, his bronze "Homer and His Young Guide," stands at the southern end of the Lawn, in front of Cabell Hall. It is on a pedestal of rare black marble. This bronze was the gift of John W. Simpson, of New York, and was unveiled in June, 1907. The other, the Jefferson monument, occupies a command- ing position in the center of the plaza en the north side of the Rotunda. The figure of the great statesman stands upon a bronze reproduction of the old Liberty Bell, and figure and bell are imposed upon a pedestal of red Roman marble. The bell is surrounded by four figures represent- ing Liberty, Justice, Religious Freedom, and Human Free- dom. It was unveiled in June, 1910, in the presence of the artist and many other distinguished visitors. (See page 82.) AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 43 A bronze copy of the Houdon statue of Washington has been beautifully set near the end of East Lawn. It was the gift of Mr. John Thomas Lupton, of Chattanooga, Tenn., a loyal alumnus of '86, and was unveiled during the session of 1914. Immediately opposite stands the statue, likewise in bronze, of Thomas Jefferson, the gift of Mr. Charles R. Crane of New York, and the work of the late Karl Bitter. (See frontispiece.) "It presents the face and form of Mr. Jefferson as in his old age disillusioned of glory and high station he centered all the faculties of his myriad mind and heart on the task of building here an institution fit to train the youth of a democratic society." DR. E. A. ALDERMAN, Founder's Day Address, 1915. DAWSON'S Row In 1859 six buildings, known as House A, House B, etc., arranged in the arc of a circle, were erected about two hundred yards southwest of West Range to accommodate the increasing number of students. The land upon which these buildings were erected had been purchased out of a fund accruing from the sale of a tract of land devised to the University by Martin Dawson, hence the name of Dawson's Row. These square structures with peaked roofs were, as erected, not unlike the cottages or chalets of the Swiss mountains, but recent architectural treatment has, in a measure, put them in the class with the pavilions on the Lawn. MONROE HILL The series of dormitories known as Monroe Hill lies at the northwest end of Dawson's Row. The hill takes its 44 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY name from the small building once occupied by President Monroe, which, much expanded and improved, is now the handsome home of Professor W. M. Thornton. The ex- President had his law office in a small building about a hundred feet southwest of the residence. This building is still standing. MADISON HOME OF THE Y. M. C. A. MADISON HAUL, Just north of the Rotunda is Madison Hall, the home of the Young Men's Christian Association. It contains, be- sides, the offices of the association, meeting rooms, Bible- study and mission class rooms, offices for the various col- lege publications the University Magazine, Corks and Curls, College Topics, Madison Hall Notes, etc. a hand- AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 45 some reception hall, well-equipped reading room, club and smoking rooms, and auditorium with seating capacity of five hundred, handsomely furnished rooms for the officers of the association, and elaborate bath facilities, lockers, etc. The library contains a thousand volumes of the best bi- ography, fiction, social and religious works, whilst the leading daily papers and current magazines supply the reading room. Handsome pictures, copies of famous paint- ings, adorn the walls. The building is open at all times to students and visitors. Madison Hall, with its furnishings and library, was the gift of Mrs. Wm. E. Dodge, of New York City, supple- mented by her son and daughter, and was officially inaugu- rated in September, 1905. THE Y. M. C. A. The University of Virginia Y. M. C. A. is the first col- lege organization of its kind in the world. It dates from the spring of 1857. John W. Johnson, Magazine medalist, final orator of the Jefferson Literary Society, Engineer of Fort Sumter, historian of the defence of Charleston, and Episcopal minister, was the first president, while the first recording secretary was L. M. Blackford (M. A. 1859). The first corresponding secretary was Dr. Thomas Hume, now professor of English in the University of North Caro- lina. Other early members were H. H. Harris, John Mur- ray, W. W. Old, James M. Garnett, Julian Fairfax, Jerry Malcom Harris, W. P. DuBose, James M. Boyd, John M. Strother, Thomas R. Price, William P. Louthan, James Dinwiddie, Robert Carter Berkley, William Allan, Howe P. Cochran, Richard W. Jones, Thomas U. Dudley, C. Powell Grady, A. S. Pendleton, and J. William Jones. 46 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY In 1856 there were several conferences concerning the matter, and, in the spring of 1857, a meeting was held which determined to organize, and .appointed a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws. This committee reported at the beginning of the next ses- sion (October, 1857), and the organization was com- pleted, but it is really entitled to date from the spring of 1857. J. WILLIAM JONES. FOUNDERS OF THE Y. M. C. A. PRESENT AT THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL 1 Standing: ALEXANDER HOGG, CAPT. c. M. LOUTHAN, D. H. RUSSET, CAPT. W. H. KABLE, REV. J. K. FAULKNER. Sitting: j. c. DEMING, RT. REV. G. w. PETERKIN, D. D., DR. JAMES GARNETT, DR. L. M. BLACKFORD. Religious enterprises at the University .antedated this or- ganization many years. As early as 1828 the individual members of the Faculty arranged for services by the pastors then in Charlottesville. These were of the Episcopalian and the Presbyterian faiths. From 1833 to 1896, a period AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 47 of sixty-three years, chaplains appointed by the Faculty were in charge of the religious work. The term of incum- bency was one session each until 1848, when it was made two years. The system was changed upon the death of Rev. L. C. Vass, in September, 1896, at the beginning of his chap- laincy. A secretary of the Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, latterly known as the University pastor, has had charge of religious work among the students, and eminent preachers from this and other cities are invited to deliver the sermons, a course which has proven very satisfactory and beneficial. The day of his arrival at the University the new student is convinced that those who have declared the institution atheistical in foundation and purpose a charge which is made maliciously to this day in some quarters have not told the truth. He is soon made to understand that there is such a thing as religious enterprise at this institution, and that the matriculates bear a large part in its direction. He finds that he is expected to do his share, if he is so minded, but it is a matter of free choice with him, while he can scarcely escape the pervasive influence of the Young Men's Christian Association ; and, if he has any bent toward Bible study and religious endeavor, he will find here abundant opportunity, more, perhaps, than at any other undenomina- tional American college. THE: CHAPEL On the 13th of November, 1883, during the chaplaincy of the Rev. Otis A. Glazebrook, a Ladies' Chapel Society was formed, and in seven years the Chapel which stands west of the Rotunda was finished. This society found a 48 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY small chapel fund of five or six hundred dollars, which was the nucleus upon which was built one of $30,000, collected chiefly from alumni. The corner-stone was laid in 1885, the late Professor Schele De Vere delivering the address. The dedication sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Clazebrook in 1889. In addition to the $30,000 expended on the building, the organ-room, the gift of Mr. Glaze- brook, cost $1,000, and the organ, the gift chiefly of Ken- tucky alumni, $1,900 more. While the architecture is out of harmony with the prevailing orders, considered with- out relation, the Chapel is a handsome and impressive church edifice, in the Gothic style with Norman arches. It contains memorial windows in honor of Dr. John A. G. Davis, Dr. John Staige Davis, Dr. James L. Cabell and Truxton Glazebrook, and memorial tablets to Dr. Addis Emmet and Dr. Gessner Harrison. THE: BROOKS MUSEUM Early in 1876 Professor Henry A. Ward, of Rochester, N. Y., announced to Professor Smith that a gentleman of Rochester, an admirer of Mr. Jefferson and an earnest well-wisher of the South, desired to establish at the Univer- sity of Virginia a complete and costly museum of natural history, on the condition that other friends of the institu- tion would pledge the sum of $12,000 to provide for the necessary cases, mounting, etc. The Board of Trustees of the Miller Agricultural Department furnished ten thousand of the required amount and Professor W. B. Rogers and other alumni the remaining two thousand. It afterwards transpired that Mr. Lewis Brooks was the donor. The "building was completed in July, 1877, and immediately aft- erwards a costly collection of specimens was assembled, to AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 49 which valuable additions have since been made. Mr. Brooks' gifts aggregated about seventy thousand dollars. The building, constructed chiefly of brick, is after the Renaissance order, and elaborately ornamented with the heads of various animals, in granite. In the granite trim- mings, which are rather too profuse, are carved the names of eminent scientists Cuvier, De Candolle, Audubon, Hux- ley and Pliny. The building contains a lecture room and laboratories. THE McCoRMiCK OBSERVATORY Mr. Jefferson selected the site of the present observatory and erected upon it a small building for astronomical pur- poses, perhaps the first observatory in America. This structure which was never devoted to the use intended, was pulled down in 1859. In 1881 the late Leander J. Mc- Cormick, of Chicago, gave $50,000 to establish an ob- servatory, to which gift he afterward added largely ; and W. H. Vanderbilt, of New York, contributed $25,000 to the same fund. The elevation is known as Mount Jefferson, and is about a mile southwest of the University. The site is a beautiful one and furnishes an unobstructed horizon. The principal building is a rotunda forty-five feet in diame- ter, and contains the great Clark refractor of twenty-six inches aperture. The computing rooms are adjoining and contain clock, chronograph, etc., and a working library. In a smaller building are a three inch Fauth transit, and a four inch Kahler equatorial. THE HOSPITAL The erection of the University Hospital was begun April 11, 1900. The central structure is the administration build- AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 51 ing, three stories in height, containing reception and con- sultation rooms, offices and accommodation for the super- intendent, internes, nurses and others of the hospital staff. Attached to it is one of the best clinical amphitheatres in this country, conveniently arranged, well lighted and fully equipped with modern appliances. The architect was Paul THE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL J. Pelz, of Washington, D. C. To this have been added two wings with accommodations for 150 patients. A third addition will be completed in 1916. THE COLONNADE CLUB The Colonnade Club was established during the session of 1906-7 and is housed in the historic pavilion which was planned and erected to be the Central College and out of 52 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY which the University of Virginia was developed by Mr. Jefferson. The membership is made up of professors, offi- cers, alumni, friends of the University resident and non-resident. The interior of the club house has been rearranged and redecorated, and the alumni annex opened in 1913 contains a handsome lounge, reading room, billiard and pool room, with bed rooms for the accommodation of visiting alumni. THE: COMMONS The Commons is at the south end of West Range and faces the space between the rear of the Mechanical Lab- oratory and Dawson's Row. The exterior harmonizes with the architectural surroundings. The entrance is a hall decorated with University banners and athletic tro- phies, beyond which is the main dining-room \vhose ceiling bears the University seal in stucco and whose walls are covered with portraits of Jefferson and of distinguished professors, alumni, and benefactors. The second floor is taken up with smaller dining-rooms overlooking the main floor. MINOR HALL The new Law Building is south of the Commons, and was planned by the architect, John Kevan Peebles, to con- form in height and character to the latter erection. It is Ionic in order and consists of a central structure and two subordinate wings. Four lecture rooms and the offices of the dean, the secretary, the court and several rooms for general convenience occupy the first floor. The library is in the rear part of the second floor and this and eight study halls occupy the entire space. It was finished in the late fall of 1910. MINOR HALL HOME OF THE LAW SCHOOL THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE 54 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY THE: PRESIDENT'S HOUSE The President's House is a successful effort by McKim, Mead and White to afford the University a lighter, more airy structure in classic form than any left by Jefferson, whose types were always greatly Romanized. In them weight predominated with resultant impressive dignity and nobility. The building crowns the slight eminence known for more than a half century as Carr's Hill, and has a wide and beautiful prospect in all directions. PEABODY HALL Peabody Hall, also known as the Education Building, was used for the first time in the summer of 1914, as head- quarters of the Summer School. It occupies a position facing Jefferson Hall, West Range, almost on a line with the Chemical Laboratory. The central mass is of two stories, flanked by wings one story in height. The central feature is a Doric portico of six columns surmounted by the low pediment characteristic of the Jeffersonian type. The first floor carries the offices of administration of the Summer School, a large auditorium in the rear for lectures or conferences, and four class rooms. The second floor is arranged for the present use of the general faculty and of administrative officers not directly connected with the Department of Education. The cost of building was de- frayed largely by the Peabody fund. The University Summer School, which took the place of the Virginia Summer School of Methods, held its first session in 1907. Its work has broadened and its attend- ance grown until it has become an educational force of the AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 55 PEABODY HALL THE EDUCATION BUILDING first importance in the South. In the provision of special courses for high school teachers, college students, and principals and superintendents of schools, it is a new type of school. THE ENTRANCE GATEWAY In April, 1915, the new gateway to the University was erected after the design by Henry Bacon, of New York. It is a structure of pressed brick, flanked by walls of the same material coped with marble, and consists of a wing on each side of the drive. Each wing carries marble cap- itals with spindled heads. Through each passes a walkway into the grounds. Over the arches above the walkways are inlaid marble tablets bearing inscriptions ; on the right, "Enter by this gateway and seek the way of honor, the light AFTER THE FIRE OF 1895 57 of truth, the will to work for men;" and on the left, "Through wisdom is an house builded and by understand- ing it is established, and by knowledge shall the chambers be filled with all precious and pleasant riches." Dr. Alder- man is the author of the first mentioned inscription, while the latter is taken from Solomon. The gateway was built by Mrs. Charles H. Senff as a memorial to her late husband. The following is inscribed on a slate tablet : "Erected in memory of Charles Henry Senff, an American citizen who reverenced truth and lived in honor." Enough has been shown and explained to afford the reader a conception of course inadequate of the Uni- versity, which, in material and in spirit, comes nearer to being the creation of one man than any other educational foundation in the world. Its material form is a monument to the lover of the pure and classical in art as its spirit and purpose are a tribute to the patriot and philosopher. He treasured every beautiful and impressive form that could be made to contribute to the realization of his dream of a great university enshrined in the noblest temples the genius of man has created. The university of his building, the democratic home of the arts, letters and sciences, is an academic village whose grouped structures are in undemo- cratic conformity to the laws of taste in the beautiful arts, and yet in democratic subordination to the useful arts, since nothing exists for ornament alone a materialization of the spirit of Jefferson, at once aristocrat and man of the people. IV SOCIETIES AND PUBLICATIONS LITERARY SOCIETIES: THE PATRICK HENRY AND THE JEFFERSON A FEW weeks after the opening of the University a literary association called the Patrick Henry Society was formed, composed of nearly all the students. Six- teen of its members, dissatisfied with the disorder which prevailed at its sessions, seceded and founded the Jefferson Society. The seceders held their preliminary meeting in No. 7 West Lawn on Thursday, July 14, 1825, and selected a committee, consisting of Edgar Mason, of Charles County, Md., John H. Lee, of Fauquier County, Va., and William G. Minor of Fredericksburg, Va., to draft a con- stitution, which was reported and presumably adopted on the following Monday. The society met weekly at first; later, fortnightly on "Monday evening at early candlelight." The first president (then called moderator), was Edgar Ma- son. The meetings were held in Pavilion I, and later, at the different pavilions on the Lawn. Jefferson, who was elected on the motion of Robert A. Thompson, of Ka- nawha County, Va., now West Virginia, declined honorary membership on account of his official connection with the University. Madison, Monroe and Lafayette accepted. John Randolph of Roanoke was blackballed because he was bitterly opposed to the election of Mr. Monroe, Jeffer- son's candidate for the presidency. Poe was elected an active member June 17, 1826, and soon after complied with the custom by reading an essay, his subject being "Heat SOCIETIES AND PUBLICATIONS 59 and Cold." He participated in one or two debates and once acted as secretary pro tent. His autograph was cut trom the minute book by some curio thief. This society, in the earlier days, celebrated Jefferson's birthday by read- ing the Declaration of Independence and by addresses. In the session of 1834-35 some fifteen or twenty students met in the room of one of their number and originated a club "for mutual improvement in the art of oratory." This club was called the "Academics' Society," and after a few meetings was domiciled in Pavilion VII, the present home of the Colonnade Club. A little later a similar as- sociation the name nowhere appears was formed in the pavilion in the middle of East Range and survived until the end of the session of 1835-36 when it was consolidated with the Academics under the name of the Washington Literary Society. In 1849 seceders from the Washington and Jefferson Literary Societies formed the Philomathean, which had a short and probably uneventful career. Three years later (1852) about one-third of the membership of the Wash- ington, dissatisfied with the election of a final orator, with- drew and established the Parthenon Society. As early as 1856 and as late as 1858 the Columbian was in existence, but the records are silent as to when it was born and when it died. There is evidence that the literary societies were not always in high favor with the authorities. In the Editor's Table of the Collegian for July, 1839, the fact that the Board of Visitors had, some two years before, passed a resolution prohibiting the celebration of anniversaries and the delivery of addresses in public by students is referred to with much feeling. "We are forbidden to speak," wrote the editors ; "the tongue falters ; the lips are closed, and 60 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY the voice of vivid eloquence must ring through our Co- rinthian columns no more." THE COLLEGE PRESS The first periodical published in the University was The Collegian. It was conducted by a committee elected by the students and printed by James Alexander, of Charlottes- ville. The first committee consisted of John S. Barbour, of Culpeper, John Critcher, of Westmoreland County, R. Barnes Gooch, of Richmond, James P. Holcombe, of Lynchburg, and Thomas H. Watts, of Alabama, all of whom achieved distinction in after life. John S. Barbour died a United States Senator, after many years of active participation in public affairs ; John Critcher was a leader in his section and a representative of his district in Con- gress ; R. Barnes Gooch, a distinguished lawyer in Rich- mond, died before he had opportunity to manifest his full powers ; James P. Holcombe distinguished himself both as teacher and as statesman, occupying a chair in this institu- tion, and, at one time, a seat in Congress ; and Thomas H. Watts, the Confederate States Attorney-General, was for more than a generation the great man of his native State, of which he was governor. The first number was issued in October, 1838, and its publication was continued until 1842. It was followed some years later by the University Lit- erary Magazine, whose first number was dated January, 1849, and its last, May of the same year. This periodical should not be confused with the one of the same name whose publication was begun in December, 1856, about which more will be said. The last number of the University Literary Magazine of 1849 contained the prospectus of the Jefferson Monu- SOCIETIES AND PUBLICATIONS 61 ment Magazine, whose first number appeared in October, 1849. The purpose of its foundation was to commemorate the founder of the University by the erection of a monu- ment, the cost to be paid out of the surplus income of the magazine ! It lived to the end of two volumes, but no man knows whose hands directed it or whose enthusiasm sus- tained it. The Jefferson, Washington and Columbian societies be- gan the publication of the University of Virginia Maga- zine the second of the name in December, 1856. It was primarily intended to supply instruction in "compo- sition," there being in the institution at that time no chair charged with the training of students in literary expres- sion. Nothing in the pages of the earlier issues indicates who were its editors. The custom of printing their names was not introduced until the ninth number. A volume of poems under the title "Arcade Echoes," now in its second edition, was reprinted from its pages some years ago. The first edition was edited by Thomas Longstreet Wood, of Albemarle County, Va., a student whose brilliant literary promise had entered upon its fulfillment when death claimed him; the second, by Mr. John W. Fishburne, of Charlottesville. Six of its best stories have been printed in a richly bound and attractively illustrated volume, of which Dr. Charles W. Kent was the editor ; the illustrator, Mr. Duncan Smith (M. A., 1897) of New York. The Magazine is issued monthly during the session. College Topics was established in January, 1890, as a private enterprise, the societies refusing to take the finan- cial risk involved. The founders and first board of editors were Leigh R. Page, of Richmond, Va. ; A. C. Carson, of Riverton, Va. ; Stuart-Menteth Beard, of Canandaigua, 62 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY N. Y. ; Hunt Chipley, of Pensacola, Fla. ; and John G. Tilton, of Baltimore, Md. As the Magazine filled the lit- erary field, Topics was projected as a medium of college news and college spirit. It was soon recognized as an ex- ponent of athletic interests and in 1890-91 was acquired by and became the official organ of the General Athletic Association. It is published semi-weekly by a staff of editors appointed by the Advisory Board of the above- named association. Corks and Curls, an illustrated annual, is published by a board of editors and artists appointed by the Greek letter fraternities and the literary societies, and was first issued in 1887. It is a handsome quarto, with a new design each year for the cover, and its contents displays the best talent in literary and artistic achievement among the student body. The Y. M. C. A. maintains a weekly publication known as Madison Hall Notes which reviews the work of the As- sociation for the current week and by its calendar indicates the events in contemplation in college life for the week ahead. The Virginia Law Review, the first publication of the kind in the South, appeared for the first time in October, 1913. It is published by the Law Department of the Uni- versity and is edited and managed wholly by law students, being issued monthly from October to May inclusive. By its merit it has earned a permanent place in the ranks of American law periodicals. The Yellozv Journal, first published in 1912 by the Sigma Delta Chi Journalistic Fraternity, has been continued by the Scarab Society, a successor to Sigma Delta Chi. Its SOCIETIES AND PUBLICATIONS 63 columns are filled with cleverly written stories of events which never occurred, and with satirical reviews of the session's happenings. The above-named publications are student enterprises and represent and reflect undergraduate life and activities. Other publications proceed from the faculty. The first of these, The Virginia Literary Museum and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, etc., was established by Professors Tucker and Dunglison in June, 1828. Only two volumes appeared. In 1884 Professor Ormond Stone, of the Leander Mc- Cormick Observatory, established The Annals of Mathe- matics for the publication of the results of advanced in- vestigations. Fifteen years later Harvard University ac- quired this journal. The Alumni Bulletin, a quarterly established in 1894, was intended to provide a means of communication be- tween the University and its alumni. The University Record, whose publication began September, 1907, is a medium of more strictly official information. The University of Virginia Alumni News is issued fortnightly during the college year by the Colonnade Club. Its aim is to keep the alumni in touch with each other and with the current events of the Alma Mater. Beginning with a publication of only a few pages in March, 1913, its size and popularity has steadily increased. The Orange and Blue Paper, a semi-humorous successor of the Big Tent, is an alumni campaign periodical, devoted to news of the reunions held each June at Finals. V ATHLETICS EARLY DAYS IN THE first years of the University athletics took a mili- tary form, a military instructor training the students in the manual exercises, field evolutions, manoeuvres, and so on. Attendance was compulsory, obedience to the instructor enjoined by enactment, and a uniform was prescribed. The system became odious, and was abolished after being tried for several years. In 1852, a Monsieur D'Alfonce became Physical Instruc- tor, and under him the exercises continued to be of semi- military character. His services in this department lasted until 1866. Back in the dark ages, when the University had no General Athletic Association and inter-collegiate ball games were as yet unknown, when our benighted forefathers were ignorant of "fouls" and "flukes," when "mass plays" and "curved balls" had not been invented, a pretty sight might have been seen from the foot of the Lawn. As the visitor reached the apex of the triangle, his eye would have rested on a great, circular framed building in the midst of the field be- low. Near it would have been seen a company of two or three hundred students, all in an easy uniform of blue blouse and grey trousers, drawn up in rank and file. At their head stood a lively Frenchman, an ex-soldier, issuing the word of command. And under his orders this regiment of college boys would go through a series of complex exercises, marching and counter marching, until well nigh every muscle of the body was brought into play all out in the open air and under the smiling blue heavens. Or, entering i t . 11s ATHLETICS 67 the building at an earlier hour, he would have found these same boys turning upon bars, swinging upon ropes, brandishing broadswords or foils, dumb-bells or clubs. And then, as the sun descended and before the great bell of the Rotunda rang out its evening sum- mons, he would have heard the Frenchman, in his splendid baritone, raise the chant of the Marseillaise, or some other martial strain, and all the boys would join in, and the great chorus of manly voices would rise harmonious and float to the listening ear upon the fragrant air. The soldierly Frenchman was D'Alfonce, and the days were the days ere athletics had come in to rescue the University from swift and dreadful decadence. PROF. W. M. THORNTON. BOATING For a decade after the departure of D'Alfonce, athletics received little attention, but in 1877 the late Francis R. Rives of New York (M. A. 1841) gave $1,000 to found a boat club, and on April 17th of that year the Rives Boat Club was organized with thirty members. On June 30th the first race was rowed at Lynchburg against the Tobacco City Boat Club of that city, and for the next seven years boating became the most prominent athletic sport. The brilliant success of the University crew was largely due to three men : John Redwood, coach and trainer, DeCourcy W. Thorn, captain, and Charles Lee Andrews, captain, all of Baltimore. In 1883 an unusual flood of high water in the Rivanna River swept away the boat-house and all of the boats, and there was no Andrews or Thorn left who could sustain the disaster.* *Most of the facts regarding early athletics are from "Under the Cardinal Red and Silver Grey," by William H. Echols, '82, in 1914 Corks and Curls, to which the reader is referred for further details ATHLETICS 69 BASEBALL Immediately after the War, in 1866-67, a baseball team was organized at the University called the "Monticello Club," which played the "Washington Nationals" and de- feated the "Potomacs" by a score of 117 to 18. From this time on the Magazine records numerous games played at irregular intervals by the "Monticello Nine." Baseball continued to grow in strength and organization until it be- came in the eighties the most popular college sport, which position it shares with football at the present day. FOOTBALL In the earlier days the present American game of foot- ball did not exist, either Soccer or Rugby being played. The first mention of football in the Magazine is a refer- ence to a game played on the Lawn by the Junior Math Class in November, 1870. In November, 1873, we find that "200 young men in the neighborhood of Dawson's Row were engaging in this delightful and exciting sport." In December, 1873, the "Rules of Football at Yale, Rutgers, and Princeton" were printed in the Magazine with the recommendation that they be adopted by the "University of Virginia Football Association." Games were played fre- quently between the "University Eleven" and an "English Eleven" of Albemarle County until 1878, when other sports absorbed the interest in football, which was not revived until the session of 1887-88, when the game of American football was permanently established. GYMNASTICS In October, 1877, E. H. Squibb, 76, of New York City, furnished the money to equip a gymnasium, and the build- 70 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY ing at the south end of East Range, next to the present Randall Building, became the home of the Squibb Gym- nasium Association. Formal gymnastic contests were held each spring for all the usual events. In 1888 twenty-two years after D'Alfonce an instructor in physical culture was appointed. This was Ellery C. Huntington. His suc- cessor was Zelotes W. Coombs, who was followed by John S. Hitchcock, of Amherst, Mass., afterwards an alumnus of the Medical Department. All of these men were trained at Amherst College, and each held office one year. Dr. William A. Lambeth (M. D. 1891) succeeded them as Director of Athletics and has since been regarded as the guiding spirit in athletic affairs. To him probably more than to any one man may be attributed Virginia's athletic success in the past twenty years. During the session of 1905-06, Henry H. Lannigan was appointed Associate Di- rector of Athletics, giving special attention to track and basketball, which have been highly developed under his guidance. FAYERWEATHER GYMNASIUM Out of the Fayerweather gift the University built and equipped the Fayerweather Gymnasium. In addition to athletic appliances, it contains sponge and other baths, a swimming pool, bowling alleys, ball cage, hundreds of lockers, etc. The architects were Carpenter & Peebles, of Norfolk, Va., the latter an alumnus. The portico is Corinthian and of strict classic pro- portions, with graceful fluted columns and carved cap- itals of solid stone, carrying on worthily the Jeffer- sonian scheme of the architecture at the University. The rich red of the bricks gives the prevailing tone of color, harmonizing perfectly with the sandstone trim- ATHLETICS 71 mings, and making a pleasing contrast with the vivid greens in the grass and foliage which form the set- ting and background of the picture. And the espla- nade, seen on the right, much foreshortened, is not only a pleasing architectural detail, but affords a charm- ing outlook upon the campus at its foot with its tennis courts, and the town beyond, and the wooded heights of Monticello in the horizon. PROF. W. M. THORNTON. THE FAYERWEATHER GYMNASIUM GENERAL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION The central athletic organization of the University, which grew out of the Squibb Gymnasium Association and the University Athletic Association, is now known as the General Athletic Association, chartered by the legislature. Students and alumni become members on payment of an- JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY nual dues. It is governed by an advisory board of selected students and faculty members. The officers are a pres- ident, vice-president, secretary, and treasurer, and the man- agers of the various athletic teams. In January, 1901, the making of the arena known as Lambeth Field was begun. It is two minutes walk from the Gymnasium, in which respect it has great advantage over the "old baseball grounds," and is in every way an ideal place for college sports. Its dimensions five hundred by six hundred feet give ample room for intercollegiate football and baseball games, and for track meets, etc. It was first used in the baseball season of 1902. Here many an exciting contest has been waged, while lively college songs urged Virginia to her utmost achievement. The scene is an inspiring one when the rooters are in good voice. Then the academic quiet is shattered by hundreds of voices roaring the "Wah-hoo-wah" of the "long yell," the "Ray! Ray! Ray! Rah! Rah! Virginia!" of the "Ray Yell" or the "V-i-r-g-i-n-i-a !" of the "New Yell." Of all Virginia's songs the favorite is the "Good Old Song," (Air, "Auld Lang Syne"), which was written by Edward A. Craighill in 1895. Whenever college men gather at athletic contests or at smokers, banquets or conventions, a group of Virginia men will always be seen, singing with bared heads : That good old song of Wah-hoo-wah, We'll sing it o'er and o'er; It cheers our hearts and warms our blood To hear them shout and roar. We come from old Virginia, Wh'ire all is bright and gay; Let's all join hands and give a yell For the dear old U. V-a. ATHLETICS 73 CHORUS Wah-hoo-wah-hoo ! Wah-hoo-wah, Uni-v. Virginia! Hoo, rah, ray! Hoo, rah, ray ! Ray! Ray! U. V-a. What though the tide of years may roll, And drift us far apart; For Alma Mater still there'll be A place in every heart. In college days we sing her praise, And so when far away, In memory we still shall be At the dear old U. V-a. During Easter Week, the gayest of the session, a series of games is played on Lambeth Field before great gather- ings made brilliant by the presence of visiting young ladies and alumni who gather at the University annually for the post-lenten season. At a slightly lower level than Lambeth Field is Lefevre Field, about 300 feet square, on which practice games are played. The new concrete stadium on Lambeth Field is 800 feet long, with a seating capacity of 5,800. The form is that of a quarter circle with a broad colonnade roofed in red tile. At each end is a concrete field-house, one for the visiting and one for the home team. This structure was first used at a big game on November 1, 1913, when over 3,000 persons saw the Virginia- Vanderbilt football game. - en > w I I 0> tw ATHLETICS 75 THE UNIVERSITY COLORS College Topics (1904) gives the following account of the origin of the present University colors : "In the fall of 1888 there was a mass meeting called in old Public Hall, in the annex to the Rotunda, for the pur- pose of changing the University colors. Up to that time the colors had been silver grey and cardinal red, intend- ing to represent the grey of the Confederacy, dyed in blood. These colors had been in use for a number of years and had won their way into the affections of many old students. The reasons for desiring a change were the un- suitableness of the grey and red for athletic uniforms and the difficulty of obtaining red dye of the desired tint that would not fade. Mr. Allen Potts, one of the University's earliest athletic heroes, had attended the meeting in his football clothes, being on his way to the field for the after- noon's practice. He had rolled about his neck a very large silk handkerchief, striped navy blue and orange. Some stu- dent sitting behind him reached over and pulled the handker- chief from his neck and waving it yelled, 'How will these colors do?' This seemed to take the fancy of the crowd and orange and blue were chosen without opposition. The handkerchief was really a waist handkerchief that the English college men used at that time instead of a belt. Mr. Potts had obtained it the summer before in Oxford with a lot of boating clothes. He still has the handkerchief framed and hung up in his room at Castle Hill, Va." VI THE ALUMNI SOCIETY OF THE ALUMNI THE Society of the Alumni was founded in 1838, but there exists only the briefest record of its transac- tions from the organization until after the civil war. At a meeting of the Faculty in January, 1838, Professor Tucker proposed that a committee should be appointed by the chairman to organize a society of alumni. The mem- bers of the committee were immediately appointed by Dr. Gessner Harrison, then chairman, and they were Profes- sors George Tucker, J. A. G. Davis, M. D., and John P. Emmet, M. D.. The Society was organized July 4, 1838. The first officers were: Alexander Moseley, president; Willis P. Bocock and George N. Johnson, vice-presidents ; Thomas H. Ellis, secretary ; and George W. Truehart, treasurer. In the student publications first the Collegian and then the Magazine are occasional references to the addresses before the Society of Alumni on commencement occasions. The first oration of which there is any notice was the one by the Hon. R. M. T. Hunter, on the 9th of July, 1839, and it is quite probable this distinguished alum- nus was the first of the long line of notable men who have accepted the invitation to return to the Alma Mater and speak to her children who have not gone forth, as well as to those who come back for the commencement season of reunion. In the library are two volumes of "Addresses and Memorials of the University of Virginia," made up chiefly of the orations delivered on such occasions. Thev con- THE ALUMNI 77 tain several addresses that take rank with those of the great orators of the world. Certainly to this eminence rises the effort of the late Senator Daniel W. Voorhees, of Indiana. At the first meeting after the war, June 28, 1866, the secretary reported that during the occupation of Char- lottesville by Gen. Sheridan, in March of the previous year, his desk containing all of the records and papers of the Society was carried off by the Federal soldiers, thus leaving the Society without written constitution, laws, or list of members. A committee consisting of N. H. Massie, Green Peyton, S. V. Southall, Eugene Davis and W. J. Robertson, prepared a constitution and by-laws, which were adopted in 1867. Since the reorganization the records are fairly complete. The following list of orators and pres- idents of the Society is worth preserving: 1867 Marmaduke Johnson, of Virginia, orator; J. P. Holcombe, of Virginia, president. 1868 Charles Marshall, of Maryland, orator; J. P. Holcombe, of Virginia, president. 1869 William C. Rives, of Massachusetts, orator; A. H. H. Stuart, of Virginia, president. 1870 J. W. Stevenson, of Kentucky, orator; A. H. H. Stuart, of Virginia, president. 1871 W. B. Napton, of Missouri, orator; J. L. Marye, of Vir- ginia, president. 1872 W. B. Quarles, of Tennessee, orator; J. L. Marye, of Virginia, president. 1873 Thomas Swann, of Maryland, orator; B. J. Barbour, of Virginia, president. 1874 J. H. Kennard, of Louisiana, orator; B. J. Barbour, of Virginia, president. 1875 R. M. T. Hunter, of Virginia, orator; D. B. Lucas (poem), of West Virginia; B. J. Barbour, of Virginia, president. 1876 F. W. M. Holliday, of Virginia, orator; B. J. Barbour, of Virginia, president. 78 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY 1877 Xo orator; J. M. Hanger, of Virginia, president. 1878 J. c. SouthalL of Virginia, (opening of Brooks Museum), orator; J. M. Hanger, of Virginia, president. 1879 T. U. Dudley, Kentucky, orator; J. R. Tucker, of Virginia, president. 188O J. H. Chamberlayne, of Virginia, orator; J. R. Tucker, of Virginia, president. 1881 J. O. Broadhead, of Missouri, orator; J. W. Stevenson, of Kentucky, president. 1882 H. Tutwiler, of Alabama, orator; J. W. Stevenson, of Kentucky, president. 1883 W. C Rives, of Massachusetts (W. B. Rogers, Memorial), orator; F. R. Rives, of Xew York, president. 1884 A. P. Humphrey, of Kentucky, orator; F. R. Rives, of Xew York, president. 1885 C. E. Stuart, Virginia, orator; C M. Black ford, of Vir- ginia, president. 1886 C E. Fenner, of Louisiana, orator; C M. Black ford, of Virginia, president. 1887 H. A. Herbert, of Alabama, orator; H. E. Jackson, of Tennessee, president. 1888 W. Gordon McCabe, of Virginia, orator; H. E. Jackson, of Tennessee, president. 1889 H. T. Kent, of Missouri, orator; A. E. Richards, of Vir- ginia, president. 1890 J. L. Gordon, of Virginia, orator; A. E. Richards, of Vir- ginia, president. 1891 W. L. Wilson, of West Virginia, orator; Charles Marshall, of Maryland, president. 1892 L. S. Marye, of Virginia, orator; Charles Marshall, of Maryland, president. 1893 W. C Bruce, of Maryland, orator; Joseph Bryan, of Vir- ginia, president. 1894 Rev. John Johnson, D. D., of South Carolina, ora- tor; Joseph Bryan, of Virginia, president. 1895 Woodrow Wilson, of Xew Jersey, orator; George Per- kins, of Virginia, president. 1896 Rev. J. S. Lindsay, D. D., of Massachusetts, orator; George Perkins, of Virginia, president. 1897 W. R. Abbot, of Virginia, orator; Rev. Randolph H. Mc- Kim, D. D., of Washington, D. C, president. THE ALUMNI 79 1898 Rev. Randolph H. McKim, D. D., of Washington, D. C., orator; George Perkins, of Virginia, president. 1899 John Bassett Moore, of New York, orator; George Per- kins, of Virginia, president. 1900 Leigh Robinson, of Washington, D. C., orator; Samuel Spencer, of Washington, D. C., president. 1901 Blewett Lee, of Illinois, orator; Thomas Nelson Page, of Virginia, president. 1902 E. H. Farrar, of Louisiana, orator; Joseph B. Dunn, of Virginia, president. GENERAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION On June 17, 1902, a new Constitution was adopted, merg- ing the Society of the Alumni into the General Alumni As- sociation, and on March 7, 1903, a legislative charter was granted to the new association, which now has seventy-one local chapters scattered over the United States. These local chapters have been granted the right by the Board of Visitors of the University under certain conditions to name the incumbents of so-called "Alumni Scholarships" and in this way many intelligent but needy young men, who might otherwise be deprived of thorough college training, are able to receive educational advantages at Virginia. Since the foundation of the General Alumni Association the fol- lowing gentlemen have served in the honorable positions of orators and presidents: 1903 W. Gordon Robertson, of Virginia, orator; James B. Sener. of Virginia, president. 1904 Henry Louis Smith, of North Carolina, orator; George W. Morris, of Virginia, president. 1905 Charles Forest Moore, of New York, orator; Thomas Nelson Page, of Virginia, president. 1906 Robert K. Massie. of Virginia, orator; Thomas Nelson Page, of Virginia, president. 1907 George Gordon Battle, of New York, orator; Samuel Spencer, of Washington, D. C., president. THE COLONNADE CLUB'S REUNION TROPHY CUP, PRESENTED EACH FINALS TO THE CLASS HAVING THE LARGEST PER- CENTAGE OF ATTENDANCE THE ALUMNI 81 1908 George Wayne Anderson, of Virginia, orator; DeCourcy W. Thorn, of Maryland, president (acting). 1909 Dr. Hugh H. Young, of Maryland, orator; William A. Jones, of Virginia, president. 1910 Charles Baskerville, of New York, orator; William A. Jones, of Virginia, president. 1911_Archibald R. Watson, of New York, orator; R. Walton Moore, of Virginia, president. 1912 Lewis P. Chamberlayne, of South Carolina, orator; R. Walton Moore, of Virginia, president. 1913 Lewis M. Coleman, of Tennessee, orator; Oscar W. Un- derwood, of Alabama, president. 1914 J. Stewart Bryan, of Virginia, orator; Oscar W. Under- wood, of Alabama, president. 1915 Richard I. Manning, of South Carolina, orator; John Sharp Williams, of Mississippi, president. RECENT ALUMNI ACTIVITIES In May, 1907, the Colonnade Club was formed "to en- courage social intercourse among the members of the fac- ulty and the alumni of the University of Virginia, and to promote, by such other means as may be feasible, the in- terests and welfare of said University." * Starting with seventy resident members, the Club has gradually increased to nearly one hundred resident and over seven hundred nonresident members, exerting a wide influence among the alumni. The two most valuable serv- ices the Club has rendered are the publication in January, 1910, of an alphabetical Alumni Directory under the super- vision of Secretary L. Bruce Moore, and the foundation of the Alumni News in March, 1913, by Secretary Russell Bradford. The Colonnade Club was the only body with funds enough to handle alumni work until January, 1914, when the office of Alumni Recorder was established. June, *Charter of Colonnade Club, (c). THE ALUMNI 83 1914, marked the retirement of Dr. J. M. Page, who for ten years had efficiently acted as Secretary of the General Alumni Association, and Allen Perkins, who had been Treasurer for a similar period. The two offices were merged into that of Secretary-Treasurer, to which office Lewis D. Crenshaw, the Alumni Recorder, was elected. Since that date the alumni and the University have financed the work jointly and all alumni work is now centralized in one office. CLASS ORGANIZATION Class reunions were unknown at the University of Vir- ginia until the Finals of 1913, at which time the "Pioneer Class" of 1908 returned seventy-nine strong for the first big alumni home-coming. Since then other classes have followed 1908's example, so that now each June sees four of five hundred alumni returning for reunions. As a re- sult Finals has become as famous socially as Easter Week, and the antics of the old alumni are watched by thousands who flock to see the triumphant alumni parades and the other spectacular events which make up the Finals pro- gram. Noted statesmen, doctors, lawyers, educators and business men forsake the routine of their daily life and roam care-free once more over the beloved Lawn and along the old arcades. VII THE GREAT WAR STUDENTS IN THE CIVIL WAR HnHREE companies of students were organized at the * University at the beginning of the Civil War. The first was known as the Southern Guard, and was com- manded by Captain Edward S. Hutter, of Lynchburg. He afterwards became a major in the Confederate service. The second company was called the Sons of Liberty, Captain James T. Tosh, of Roanoke County. Captain Tosh was 'killed April 7, 1894, by an explosion at Stevens- burg, Virginia. The third company was organized in April or May, 1861, with James Parran Crane of Great Mills, Md., later of Leonardtown, in the same State, as captain, and William W. Old, of Norfolk, Va., as lieutenant. On the 4th of July, 1861, this company left the University for Wise's Legion, then operating in what is now West Virginia, and was attached to the Second Regiment commanded by Colonel Henningsen, the Nicaraguan filibuster. The com- pany was disbanded by Secretary Benjamin to enable the members to join commands in their own States. The "Sons of Liberty" (named by Professor Hoi- combe) wore red shirts, trimmed with black velvet and well bespangled with brass buttons, black doeskin trousers, dark blue caps, and white cross-belts with huge brass buckles. The other company, "The South- ern Guard," was distinguished by blue shirts and light blue caps. Arms were secured from Richmond, and consisted of very ancient flint-lock muskets (minus THE GREAT WAR 85 MEDALS PRESENTED AT THE 1912 FINALS TO THE CONFEDERATE VETERAN ALUMNI the flints), cartridge-boxes (but no cartridges), and bayonet-scabbards About dark the bat- talion marched to Charlottesville, where we found the "Monticello Guards" of that town under arms and awaiting a train from Staunton, on which came the "West Augusta Guards." .... As soon as the train arrived, we were loaded in box-cars, and were soon off for the war sans rations, blankets, overcoats, haversacks, canteens and cartridges, not even a candle to break the total darkness two car-loads of unpre- pared but unquenchable enthusiasm. Was there one of us that did not, during the stern trials that soon came to test us, recall with a smile, perhaps a tear, that first boyish rush to duty ? * Five hundred of the alumni of this institution gave their lives for the cause of the South. Two bronze tablets bear- *Frank S. Robertson in Alumni Bulletin. 86 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY ing their names have been placed on the wall of the Ro- tunda, in the south portico, by the Ladies Confederate Memorial Association, aided by the Albemarle Chapter, Daughters of the Confederacy, the unveiling ceremonies, May 23, 1906, being witnessed by some whose comrades in the lecture room and on the battlefield were being thus commemorated. On Lee's birthday and other memorial occasions these tablets are wreathed in immortelles and laurel. * THE: CEMETERY There is one little spot within the five hundred broad acres that surround the University which appeals pathetic- ally to .all lovers of the place. Lying to one side, down a pathway overshadowed by noble oaks, over against a green, embowered wood, is a miniature God's-acre overrun with white and blue periwinkle, separated from the noisy highway where impatient feet pass all day long, and gath- ering to itself a solemn calm from the separation, most *This roll of honor is reproduced in Patton's ''Jefferson, Cabell and the University of Virginia," p. 222, et seq. Those who desire to look more closely into the war record of the alumni are referred to this volume and to "The Univer- sity Memorial," by the Rev. John Lipscomb Johnson, pub- lished by Turnbull Bros., of Baltimore, in 1871. The latter vol- ume contains over seven hundred pages, and includes biogra- phies of nearly two hundred University of Virginia men who took up arms for the Confederacy. "The list," says the author, "comprises not a few of those who achieved the highest honors of their Alma Mater: twelve masters of arts, two bachelors of arts, nine bachelors of law, and two doctors of medicine are found in it, while the literary societies are represented by six valedictory orators, four readers, thirteen presidents, and five magazine editors." THE GREAT WAR 87 tranquilizing to the contemplative observer. Here, in its small enclosure, in sight of the gleaming copper dome of the Rotunda, under the shelter of the noble elevation from which rises the great McCormick observatory, exists apart and in charming seclusion the one spot to which old lovers of the University turn most lovingly, the resting-place of a little world of people once associated w r ith all the light and laughter about the University It is a little Westminster Abbey in the woods where men, famous in the annals of the University, sleep a perfect sleep among blossoming vines and ivied cedars, attended ever in their sleep by the loving ministrations of the living. Full it is of honored and distinguished names, yet the place itself is not larger than that which is covered by many a great European cathedral with its far-stretching aisles and apse, here represented only by the vaulting heavens and the vanishing distance of columned, overshadowing trees most full at times of mellifluous voices ; full it is, too, of chil- dren's tombs and of unknown folk, and small snow-white bits of marble that seem to supplicate a glance from the passer-by The reverent spectator will be struck on entering the burial ground with the simplicity of the monumental mar- bles. Simple crosses, the flamelike obelisk of granite or polished stone, columns surmounted by urns, rounded head- stones without symbols of any kind, three or four old Eng- lish tombs with cavern sides, and engraved horizontal slabs, bits of glimmering stone with children's names en- graved ; these are all. Nothing proud, little that is pretentious, desecrates this ivy-mantled sanctuary of the University dead who have stepped aside here for a brief rest till the resurrection-morn, MONUMENT TO CONFEDERATE DEAD THE GREAT WAR 89 like tired travellers sitting for a moment by the wayside, 'pilgrims of eternity." * THE SOLDIERS' CEMETERY Beside this embowered God's-acre is another of about equal extent. It is the silent bivouac of men who wore the grey Georgia Volunteers, rebels from the Carolinas, Mis- sissippi, Alabama and far Louisiana. Some of them fell mortally wounded at Chancellorsville and some at the Wilderness, and they all sleep literally under the sod and the dew and the great oaks, for the brick wall which sep- arates the beds of these victims of a great political upheaval from the last resting places of dead professors and their congeners shuts out the periwinkle, the rose, the shrubbery and the trees which beautify the spot sacred to the repose of those who have yielded to mere mortality. But the rose is not always wanting in the Soldiers' Ceme- tery. The 30th of May, or some day about that time in spring, is dedicated to the memory of the fallen, and the people repair to this little cemetery at the foot of Mt. Jef- ferson to lay many a rose reverently above the ashes of the soldier dead. And in the center of the ground stands a monument to the heroes of 1861-65 (a testimonial as well to the noble women of this community who built it "for re- membrance"), an heroic figure in bronze, by Buberl, nobly typifying the Confederate soldier. "Fate," says the inscrip- tion, "denied them victory, but crowned them with glori- ous immortality." *Dr. James A. Harrison in Alumni Bulletin. DR. EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, THE FIRST PRESIDENT VIII FIRST PRESIDENT: TEN YEARS THE year 1915 saw the close of a decade of achievement by President Alderman at this University. The his- tory of this period is now written in the records of this in- stitution and it is an inspiring story. It is not a story com- pletely told, for there is a psychological side to achievement which can not be set down and added up. To some types of appraisers it is merely lagniappe, something thrown in, although it is the best part of service. What could be and has been written relates that in the beginning the buildings, land and equipment amounted to $1,650,787; they are now $1,933,213; then the endowment aggregated $741,668; now $2,014,743. The income has increased from $157,632 to $298,794. During the past ten years there have been constructed at the University, or are in course of construction now, the following buildings and improvements : President's house, $28,837.13; improvements to heating plants, $9,393.93; dining hall, $30,000; new wing to hospital, $40,000; law building, $64,560.28 ; meter house, $634.28 ; education build- ing, $40,000; entrance building, gate and grading, $35,000; dean's house and alumni hall, $19,000; athletic grounds, stadium, etc., $25,000; total $292,425.62. The faculty has doubled in ten years. Other units of power have been enlarged the number of laboratories, the number of volumes in the library, the courses of study of- fered, are easily double; the entrance requirements have been raised from un formulated exactions to fourteen units, and in spite of this last fact the number of students 92 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY has increased by a fourth and the number of graduates more than a hundred per cent. To so increase the intensity of performance as to require two highly trained men where one was needed before, two scientific laboratories where one was sufficient, to put into the general library a thou- sand books for every thousand assembled there previously, to more than double the endowment, to erect a building a year, remodel others, to make the extensive grounds of the institution a large garden of beauty, to inspire men to their best achievements, to open new avenues to accomplishment and larger fields of promise, has been the great task of President Alderman performed to the last item in such a way as to arouse the pride of all who love the University and to command the gratitude of all whose insight reveals to them the large and continuing significance of what he has done. Positions of honor symbols of power translated into service are perhaps the best, as certainly they are the most obvious, measure of a good citizen's contribution to his State. Dr. Alderman since the beginning of his presi- dency of this University, has devoted much time and thought to the interests committed to him as member or officer of various boards and commissions in the state and nation. President Alderman in an address delivered in Cabell Hall on Founder's Day, 1915, said: "Ten years ago, standing in this spot after eight months of service, I had the high honor and great privilege to take the oath of office as the first President of the University of Virginia. In so doing I used these words : 'I undertake this task with hope and courage. To obey its statutes; to respect its ancient spirit ; to maintain its lofty ideals ; to seek with patience the laws of its growth ; to give to its FIRST PRESIDENT: TEN YEARS . 93 service, with gladness, whatever strength I have; all this I shall seek to do. By God's help, I will/ And further on in the discourse of that occasion, I spoke thus : 'I pledge myself to do what I can to cherish and to magnify, come good days or ill, this inspiring university character. I do not mean that there should not be readjustment here change, if you will the growth that is conservative of life and that comes somehow out of the tissues of ancient strength. A changing society means a changing curricu- lum, and a university is society shaping itself to future needs/ I dare to claim here today with some pride and yet with humility that I have lived up to the letter and spirit of that solemn obligation, and I may be pardoned for enumerating succinctly some of the striking figures of the development and growth within that period, knowing that you will understand that I do not mean that this growth is the work of any one man but is the result of a quickening social life, a cooperative and unified faculty and govern- ing body, and a sympathetic and understanding body of alumni and friends. On that day there were in the Uni- versity 25 full professors ; there are now 36. There were no associate professors ; there are now 7. There were 3 adjunct professors; there are now 12. There were 13 in- structors ; there are now 24. There were 10 assistants ; there are now 16. There were 8 student assistants ; there are now 15. There were 7 administrative officers ; there are now 14. There were 645 students ; there are now 935. The growth in students, therefore, for the decade is 290. This is a moderate growth, and is exceeded by most American universities of our fame and reputation, and yet this is a substantial growth, averaging about 30 new stu- dents a year, or 5 per cent. We might easily have doubled this number of students, if our aim had been numbers in- 94 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY stead of quality, if our thought had been of mere size in- stead of personality and individuality. Our academic leg- islation, however, has all been in the direction of admitting only the best men and permitting to remain here only the fittest men, for our theory has been that a University like an army is not mob but an organism and must grow in or- ganic ways for life and power. We do not covet a small University particularly, for we desire to touch in construc- tive ways as many men as possible. Neither do we covet a big University. What we covet is a real University com- posed of men fit to be here and able to stay here. We want just as many such men of high character as we can find and we want none other. We shall be satisfied only with the best in education whether we be big or little measured by numbers. Our faculty has increased over 100 per cent ; our students nearly 40 per cent, in spite of the introduction within this decade of entrance requirements equivalent to those of the strongest American universities. Our endow- ments have been nearly trebled. Our appropriation from the State has been more than doubled. The value of the buildings and grounds has been increased 20 per cent. Our total annual income has been doubled, and the number of endowed scholarships and fellowships has been more than trebled. The number of full professors, as I have indi- cated, has been nearly doubled, and the total numerical strength of the teaching staff has been nearly trebled. "I believe it will interest and gratify the friends and alumni of the University and, in some measure, astonish them to know the different ways in which it is now mov- ing in the field of twentieth century educational coopera- tion. I shall barely mention some of the directions in which our activity is being exerted: 1. The Geological Depart- ment with its scientific organization and study of the whole FIRST PRESIDENT : TEN YEARS 95 geological and mineral life of the State ; 2. The Depart- ment of Forestry, recently established and just about to enter upon its work of conserving, protecting, and extend- ing the forest life of the State in which a great fraction of our public wealth is centered; 3. The Hospital of the Uni- versity with its enormous public service to the sick and un- fortunate and its investigations and work in the field of public health ; 4. The School of Secondary Education, which began with the work of Dr. Bruce R. Payne, and is being continued under the direction of Professor Maphis. It may be claimed that this simple agency, cooperating with the State Department of Education, has done a monu- mental work in developing and strengthening the public high schools of the State ; 5. The Department of Educa- tion, now being organized into a full department coordinate with law, medicine, or engineering, not only for the pur- pose of training teachers but for organizing and promot- ing all forms of University Extension. Perhaps the larg- est service of such a department will be to cooperate in a hearty and cordial manner with similar departments and institutions throughout the State ; 6. The University ex- tension work soon to be a full bureau which will have for its purpose spreading the work of the University through- out the State not only by public lectures but by organized service, so that no community in need of expert advice can fail to know where to ask for it; 7. The Summer School of 2,000 students, mainly adults, who here get stimulation and knowledge for their great work. "It will be equally interesting to our friends and alumni to know how the public is coming to ask the service of the professors at this University in helping them in their par- ticular needs. University professors or officers are to be or have been in service in cooperation with State officers, 96 JEFFERSON'S UNIVERSITY on the following boards, and I am not giving an exhaustive list : The Education Commission, the Geological Commis- sion, State Cooperative Association, State Board of Edu- cation, State Highway Commission, State Tax Commis- sion, Federal Tariff Commission. "One hears a great deal about the duty of the State to care for its University and its public educational institu- tions. One is beginning to hear more clearly and strongly in these days a great deal about the duty of the University to care for the State. I cannot think of a more helpful idea for consideration than the idea of the two-fold char- acter of an institution of learning like a university. The primary duty of a university undoubtedly is to discover truth, to set standards, and to train men within its own walls. The secondary duty is to carry its knowledge and power to the whole life of the State and region which it serves. We may claim, then, with fair reasonableness, that the past ten years have been earnest, striving, fruitful years in the life of this ancient foundation, soon to celebrate in 1919 the centennial of its existence. What has been wisely done will stand ; what is ephemeral will pass away, and in this day, as of old, it is true that there is no splendor in a satisfactory present order or a great past if these do not urge men onward." At the close of the session of 1909-10 the faculty pre- sented to President Alderman a loving cup inscribed : "To Edwin Anderson Alderman, first President of the Uni- versity of Virginia, in grateful recognition of his devoted and efficient services to the University of Virginia, in the increase of its resources, in the expansion of its work, in the enhancement of its usefulness without sacrifice of its standards or traditions, and also of his just and sympathetic FIRST PRESIDENT:'., TEN YEAR'S- ; i / 97 attitude towards his colleagues, from the members of the Faculty of the University of Virginia, 1910." A similar tribute had been paid to President Alderman by the people of Charlottesville in 1908. GOOD-BYE In text and illustration attempt has been made to show the extent and beauty of "The Academic Village," while the spirit and compulsion of the student's environment have not been passed over. What is strongly felt by every man of impressionable soul who has studied here has not found adequate expression, of course. The influence and achieve- ments of those who have gone forth cannot be estimated even by one who paces these studious precincts, but if any doubt that they have been of surpassing merit let him study the history, civil and military, of this country. For ninety years men have left these halls stronger in character and mental equipment than they entered them, taking increase to the sum of the moral and mental wealth which exalts a nation, and returning to the Alma Mater a generous tribute of prestige. The dignity of age is hers, while naught of the beauty and strength of her youth has departed. It 'is the firm conviction of her children that the coming years will add to without withering the infinite variety of her virtues. THE HONOR MEN* The University of Virginia writes her highest degree on the souls of her sons. The parchment page of scholarship the colored ribbon of a society the jeweled emblem of a fraternity the orange symbol of athletic prowess all these, a year hence, will be at best the mementos of happy hours like the withered flower a woman presses between the pages of a book for sentiment's sake. But If you live a long, long time, and hold honesty of con- science above honesty of purse ; And turn aside without ostentation to aid the weak; And treasure ideals more than raw ambition ; And track no man to his undeserved hurt; And pursue no woman to her tears ; And love the beauty of noble music and mist-veiled mountains and blossoming valleys and great monuments If you live a very long time and, keeping the faith in all these things hour by hour, still see that the sun gilds your path with real gold and that the moon floats in dream silver ; Then- Remembering the purple shadows on the Lawn, the majesty of the colonnades, and the dream of your youth, you may say in reverence and thankfulness : "I have worn the honors of Honor. I graduated from Virginia." JAMSS HAY, JR., '03. *From 1912 Corks and Curls. INDEX Alderman, Edwin A.: First president, 10, 91. Loving cup presented, 96. Alumni: Society of the, 76. General association, 79. Orators and presidents, 77-81. Recent activities, 81. "Alumni Bulletin," 63. "Alumni News," 63. "Annals of Mathematics," 63. Athletic Association, 11, 71. Athletics: early, 65, 75. Baseball, 69. "Big Tent," 63. Blaetterman, George, 5. Boating, 67. Bonnycastle, Charles, 5. Brooks Museum, 48. Cabell, Joseph C., 36. Cabell Hall, 34. Carnegie Organ, 38. Carr's Hill, 54. Cemetery, 86. Cemetery, Soldiers', F.9. Chapel, 47. Civil War, 84. Class Organization, 83. College Press, 60. "College Topics," 61. "Collegian" (1838), 60. Colonnade Club, 81. Commons, 52. "Corks and Curls," 62. Curriculum, 11. Dawson's Row, 43. Dunglison, Robley, 5. Easter Week, 73. Educational Freedom, 16. Emmet, Dr. John P., 6. Ezekiel's, "Homer," 42: "Jefferson," 42. Faculty Government, 8. Fayerweather Gymnasium, 70. Fire of 1895, 32: Commemorative Tablet, 36. Football, 69. Gateway, 55. "The Good Old Song," 72. General Plan, 21. Gordon, James Lindsay, 7. Gymnastics, 69. "Honor Men," 98. Honor System, 17. Hospital, 49. Jefferson, Thomas, Last visit to the University, 29. "Jefferson Monument Magazine," 60. Key, Thomas Hewitt, 5: 6 note. Lafayette, 30. Lawn, The, 21: Diagram, 22. Lengthening, 34. Lee, Robert E., Portrait, 33. Library, Old, 25: In Rotunda, 31. Long, George, 5. McCormick Observatory, 49. Madison Hall, 44. "Madison Hall Notes," 62. Mechanical Laboratory, 34. Minor Hall, 52. Monroe Hill, 43. Motto of the University, 35. "Orange and Blue Paper," 63. Paintings and Statues, 36-43. Pavilions and Dormitories, 29. Peabody Hall (Education Bldg.), 54. Presidency: Established, 91. First decade, 91. President's House, 54. Professors' Residences, 22. Ranges, The, 25. Rotunda, 28: Burned, 30, 32. Model, 33. Societies, Literary, 58. "Sons of Liberty," 84. "Southern Guard," 84. Stuart, J. E. B., Portrait, 36. Student Activities, 11: As "rolling stones," 15. Freedom, 17. Tucker, George, 6. University Colors, 75. "University Literary Magazine" (1849), 60. "University of Virginia Magazine" (1856), 61. Venable, Col. Charles S., 37. "Virginia Law Review," 62. "Virginia Literary Museum and Journal of Belles Lettres," 63. Voorhees of Indiana, 31. Washington Statue, 45. Y. M. C. A., 45. "Yellow Journal," 62. Yells, 72. ILLUSTRATION S Alumni Annex to Colonnade Club, 50. Edwin A. Alderman, 90. Baseball Team (1867), 66. Bird's-eye View, 20. Cabell Hall, 35. Class Day Exercises, 82. Colonnade, 12. Confederate Medals, 85. "Corner" Building and Gateway, 56. Crew of 1877, 64. Fayerweather Gymnasium, 71. First Football Team, 68. Garden between Lawn and Range, 27. Graduation Day Procession, 23. Homer Statue, 35. I Hospital, 51. Jeff Hall, 26. Thomas Jefferson Statue, 4. Lambeth Field and Stadium, 74. Madison Hall, 44. Minor Hall, 53. Monument to Confederate Dead, James M. Page, 9. Peabody Hall, 55. Poe's Room, 14, 26. President's House, 53. Reunion Trophy Cup, 80. South Front of Rotunda, 29. George Tucker, 6. Founders of Y. M. C. A., 46. Zolnay's Bust of Poe, 38. THE MICHIE COMPANY Law Publishers and Printers CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. I-I 1913 Florida Avenue WASHINGTON, 13 C. A SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. ESTABLISHED IN 1892. Preparatory and Academic Courses. Two years Post-graduate and College Work, Music, Art and Expression. Domestic Science. Building especially planned. Required Athletics under trained supervision. MRS. BEVERLEY R. MASON. Principal. College FOR YOUNG WOMEN Founded 1842 A four years' College Course leads to the A. B. Degree Music and other specials ADDRESS: HOLLINS, VIRGINIA The General Theological Seminary Chelsea Square New York City. ESTABLISHED IN 1817 The only Seminary under the control of the whole church through the General Convention. The student-body represents in the current year 39 colleges and 53 dioceses. The courses of study, which includes abundant opportunity for elective and seminar work, informs students of all the important phases of Theo- logical Thought current in the Church. For detailed information regarding charges, courses of study, scholar- ships, etc., address, THE DEAN, 1 Chelsea Square, NEW YORK CITY. The Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia The Session opens the Third Wednesday in September FACULTY: Rev. Angus Crawford, M. A., D. D., Dean, Hebrew and Old Testament Literature. Rev. Samuel A. Wallis, D. D., Church Polity, Pastoral Theology, Liturgies, Canon Law, Sunday Pedagogics, Chaplain to the Seminary, and Secretary to the Faculty. Rev. Berryman Green, D. D., English Bible, Homileties, Ethics, and Sociology. Rev. Paca Kennedy, M. A., B. D., Greek Testament. Rev. Wilbur Cosby Bell, B. A., D. D., Systematic Divinity and Apologetics. Rev. Wallace E. Rollins, B. A., B. D., Ecclesiastical History, and Christian Missions. Mr. Willoughby Reade, M. El., Instructor in Elocution and Music. Alumni, over 1 000; Bishops, 38; Foreign Missionaries, 70. This Seminary has founded all the Foreign Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Library, 30,000 volumes. AMERICAN LITERATURE By JOHN CALVIN METCALF, Lilt. D. Professor of Eng'ish Literature in Richmond College, Professor of English Literature in University of Virginia Summer School, author of History of English Literature. A fuller treatment of Southern writers is to be found in Metcalf's American Literature than in similar texts. In the last decade or two the recognition of the literary contribution of the South has steadily grown, until the space allotted to the subject has assumed respectable proportions. In recent histories it covers many pages. Even yet, however, we have only imperfectly come to understand the far- reaching consequence in Southern literary development since 1870; while the ster- ling worth of a few older authors is just now becoming more apparent as we are getting far enough away from the adverse conditions under which they wrote to see things in right perspective. 415 Pages, Illustrated. Price, Postpaid, $1.25. Write for specimen pages. B. F. Johnson Publishing Co. ATLANTA RICHMOND DALLAS STATE NORMAL SCHOOL FOR WOMEN FARMVILLE, VIRGINIA Graduates of approved four-year high schools are admitted without examination to the Junior Year of any of the following courses : Professional Course I Leading to kindergarten work. Professional Course II Leading to primary work. Professional Course HI Leading to intermediate and grammar grade work. Professional Course IV Leading to high school work. Professional Course V Leading to work in rural graded schools. State students who pledge themselves to teach for two years in the public schools of Virginia pay no tuition . For catalogue, giving full information concerning State Scholarships, courses, expenses, etci, address J. L. JARMAN, President. ST. HILDA'S HALL - - Charles Town, W. Va. A School for Girls opens Sept. 22, 1915, under the auspices of the Bishops of the Diocese. Home influences aud Church training. Regular and Elective Courses. Special advantages in Music, Art, Athletics, and Field Sports. Summer Camps on Shenandoah River. MARIA PENDLETON DUVAL, Principal. The Shenandoah Valley Academy WINCHESTER, VA. A MILITARY SCHOOL FOR BOYS All Southern Accredited List B. M. ROSZEL, Ph. D., Principal. DANVILLE, VA. WILLIAM HOLMES DAVIS. A. B., Headmaster A preparatory school for boys that has had a lai ger enrollmei t each succeeding year since its establishment. Average age of students- -sixteen and a half years. Eighty-eight per cent, of all the graduates have entered college or university. Two-thirds of the students of every session since establishment have returned for the ensuing on. $400 a year. Catalogue sent on request. Florida Military Academy JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA A SCHOOL FOR YOUNG GENTLEMEN Endorsed by Leading Universities, by the Southern Commission and by the Regents of New York. Patronage comes from the very best hones. Buildings and equipment new and modern. Faculty of College Graduates with teaching experience. Health record perfect. Charges very reasonable. Write, for Catalogue. Mary Baldwin Seminary FOR YOUNG LADIES Staunton, Term begins Sept. 9th, 1915. Located in the beautiful and historic Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Unsur- passed climate, beautiful grounds and modern appoint- ments. Students past session from 35 states. Terms moderate. Pupils enter any time. Send for catalogue. A Country School for Girls in New York City 1890-1915 BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Spacious recreation grounds, wooded park, tennis courts ; all the outdoor advantages of the coun- tjry with ready accessibility to, and full enjoyment of, the libraries, museums, lecture courses, concerts, art exhibitions, and all the cultural influences of New York. Small enough to be a real home, large enough to be a "Real School." Exceptionally strong music department. Special courses in Dancing. Elocution, Art, Gymnastics and Household Science. Pupils enter college upon its own certificate. MISS BANGS and MISS WHITON Riverdale Avenue, Near 252nd St. West NEW YORK CITY THIS BOOK IS DUE OJN STAMPED BELOW RETURN TO WWCH BORROWED LOAN DEPT ONLY TEL. ONE MONTH AFTER RECEIPT LD 2lA-38m-5,'68 (J401slO)476B general Library . University of California Berkeley / / U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES 307153 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY