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 LIBRARY 
 
Reprinted from University of Colorado Studies, Vol. Ill, No. 3, 
 Boulder, Colo., June, 1906. 
 
 A PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COLORADO 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 BY FREDERIC LOGAN PAXSON 
 
 The materials relating to the history of Colorado have never been 
 described in a systematic manner and remain unnoticed in our libraries 
 in the form of books, chapters, and magazine articles. The official 
 records of the state have received some attention in "The Public 
 Archives of the State of Colorado," by F. L. Paxson, in the Annual 
 Report oj the American Historical Association, 1903, Vol. I, pp. 414- 
 437. A beginning has also been made in the bibliography of formal 
 books relating to the history of the state, by the same writer in his 
 "The Historical Opportunity in Colorado," in the University oj Col- 
 orado Studies, Vol. Ill, pp. 19-24. But no attempt has thus far been 
 made to arrange the magazine articles and public documents in any 
 sort of order. This last work is the purpose of this present paper, 
 but no claim for an exhaustive bibliography is here made. It is hoped 
 that the most important articles have been found and listed, but in 
 some directions the collection is avowedly partial, while in all it is 
 only preliminary. 
 
 The land which is incorporated in Colorado has been acquired 
 at various times from France, Mexico, and Texas, the steps being 
 recorded in F. L. Paxson, "The Boundaries of Colorado," in the 
 University of Colorado Studies, Vol. II, pp. 87-94. The actual survey 
 of the southern boundary touching New Mexico and Oklahoma was 
 long deferred, the attempts to provide for it being described in H. 
 Doc. 604; 57C.i; Serial 4377; May, 1902, x and H. Doc. 120; 57C.2; 
 Serial 4489; December, 1902. So much of the land as lies between 
 the Rio Grande and the Arkansas, and the meridians of their 
 sources, was bought from Texas on September 9, 1850. The exist- 
 ence of various Mexican grants in this region has been a source of 
 
 1 This reference, and all others to the public documents, should be expanded in this manner: House 
 Document 604; Fifty-seventh Congress, First Session; Serial No. 4377. 
 
 2 / 1 
 Tiq 
 
IO2 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 
 
 annoyance to the United States because of a confusion as to lands 
 eatft and west of the Rio Grande, the latter having been acquired from 
 Mexico in 1848, and the grants therein being under the guarantee 
 of the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo. In 1886 the Committee on 
 Private Land Claims recommended the erection of a special tribunal 
 to handle these claims, H. Rep. 1380; 49C.i; Serial 2439. Two 
 years later this same committee presented a second report to the same 
 effect, stating that three millions of acres of Colorado lands were claimed 
 under grants from Spain and Mexico, H. Rep. 675; 5oC.i; Serial 
 2600; and finally in 1892 the same committee again reported to the 
 House on the status of litigation over the Vigil, Maxwell, St. Vrain. 
 and other grants, calling attention to the fact that the land policy of 
 the United States had overlooked the Texan origin of the Colorado 
 lands east of the Rio Grande, H. Rep. 1253; 52C.i; Serial 3045. 
 
 The geographical and geological foundations for the history of 
 Colorado are well laid in the government documents. In general, 
 it is necessary to call attention to the irrigation papers among the Bul- 
 letins of Experiment Stations, Department of Agriculture, and to the 
 Bulletins of the United States Geological Survey, many of which relate 
 to Colorado. There is a good bibliography of the various exploring 
 parties that have worked in Colorado in pp. 18-26 of. G. H. Girty, 
 "The Carboniferous Formations and Faunas of Colorado," H. Doc. 
 479 ; 57C.2; Serial 4511; pp. 546. A resolution of the legislature 
 of Colorado asking for a federal department of mines, with the comment 
 of the Director of the Geological Survey upon the request, is in Sen. 
 Doc. 170; 55C.i; Serial 3563; pp. 8. The Secretary of War reported 
 to Congress in 1897 upon reservoir sites in Wyoming and Colorado, 
 giving a general history of irrigation works, H. Doc. 141; 5$C.2; 
 Serial 3666; pp. no; while A. L. Fellows, in Water Supply and Irri- 
 gation Papers, No. 74, has an exhaustive description of the "Water 
 Resources of the State of Colorado," H. Doc. 200; 57C.2; Serial 
 4500; pp. 151. The economic historian will find much comfort in 
 the annual Statistics of Mines and Mining, prepared by the federal 
 Commissioner of Mining Statistics, the eighth annual being 1875* 
 H. Ex. Doc. 159; 44C.i; Serial 1691. 
 
PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COLORADO HISTORY 103 
 
 The first few years of the life of the Territory of Colorado were 
 passed in an obscurity that has rarely been driven away. Little interest 
 was shown in the territory at the time, or since, and thus few articles 
 have to be recorded for the period. Among the most interesting articles 
 upon the period of settlement is the avowed forgery by "Fitz-Mac," 
 which appeared in the -Colorado Magazine, Vol. I, pp. 281-297, July 
 1893. This local magazine, which lived for only five months in the 
 summer of 1893, was far beyond most similar journals in typographical 
 and literary character. The article in question purported to be a 
 series of six letters, written chiefly in the years 1859-1860, by early 
 settlers in Denver. Although the author admitted that the letters 
 were an honest fabrication, the descriptive value of the series is great, 
 for " Fitz-Mac" showed an intimate acquaintance with the person- 
 nel and conditions of the short-lived territory of Jefferson. 
 
 Much of the literature produced in these first years was called forth by 
 the various attempts at statehood made in the Pike 's Peak country. As 
 early as February, 1861, this matter was stirred up by B. D. Williams, 
 who appeared in Washington and sought recognition as a territorial 
 delegate. The memorials which he presented to Congress contain 
 descriptions of the new settlements and a copy of the message of Rich- 
 ard W. Steele, governor of the provisional territorial organization of 
 Jefferson Territory. They may be found in H. Misc. Doc. 10; 36C.i; 
 Serial 1063. The same spontaneous territorial movement is described 
 in a brief paper on "The Territory of Jefferson," by F. L. Paxson, 
 in the University of Colorado Studies, Vol. Ill, pp. 15-18. The origi- 
 nal materials for the period are not copious. The message of General 
 Gilpin, the first territorial governor, is printed in H. Ex. Doc. 56; 
 37C.2; Serial 1131; while in the same month, February, 1862, a six- 
 page report from the Committee on Ways and Means, H. Rep. 36; 
 37C.2; Serial 1144, advocates the establishment of a branch mint 
 in Denver. The great production and use of raw gold, together with 
 the existence of a private mint, were the reasons leading the committee 
 to its recommendation. 
 
 From 1864 to 1867 various attempts to bring Colorado into the 
 United States occupy most of the time. An enabling act was passed 
 
104 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 
 
 in 1864, but the constitution framed in accordance with it was rejected 
 at the polls. The following summer saw a change of feeling, bringing 
 with it a new and ratified constitution; but President Johnson declined 
 to issue the proclamation of admission on receiving it, on the ground 
 that the time for such action had expired. He transmitted the constitu- 
 tion with extracts from the reports of the convention and his reasons 
 for refusing to act in Sen. Ex. Doc. 10; 390.1; Serial 1237, on Jan- 
 uary 12, 1866. Congress followed this message by passing a second 
 enabling act for the territory, only to receive back this act with a veto 
 message of May 16, 1866. The printed message, Sen. Ex. Doc. 45; 
 39C.i; Serial 1238, contains a copy of the vetoed act. A third enabling 
 act was passed the following January by this same Congress, and was 
 likewise vetoed by the President. The second veto message, Sen. 
 Ex. Doc. 7; 39C.2; Serial 1277, contains elaborate reasons for the 
 veto, the chief ground being the small population of the territory, its 
 recent shrinkage in numbers, and the injustice of such admission to 
 the older states. 
 
 While the statehood agitation was in progress, the territory suffered 
 from constant Indian attacks. Incidental to these attacks are the 
 investigation into the Indian finances of Governor A. B. Cummings, 
 H. Misc. Doc. 81; 39C.2; Serial 1302, and the statement of the expen- 
 ses of the First Colorado Regiment in a campaign of 1865, H. Ex. Doc. 
 7; 4oC.2; Serial 1330. 
 
 The interest of Congress in the territory and its Indian troubles 
 is followed by the beginning of popular curiosity as to the new country. 
 Among the articles which cater to this demand are two which are found 
 in Harper's Magazine for June and July, 1867. In the latter issue* 
 Vol. XXXV, pp. 137-150, there is an account of the trip across the 
 plains by F. R. Davis, entitled "A Stage Ride to Colorado." The 
 life of the pioneer emigrant is described in this account of a journey 
 by the Smoky Hill route from Omaha to Denver. Some interesting 
 statements are made as to the condition of the railroad end of the 
 route. A month earlier than the account of Davis, A. W. Hoyt has 
 in the same magazine, Vol. XXXV, pp. 1-21, a brief description of 
 a similar trip "Over the Plains to Colorado," of which the more impor- 
 
PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COLORADO HISTORY 10$ 
 
 tant part consists of a description of the mining camps then existing 
 in the territory. 
 
 Greeley, settled in 1869, is remarkable among frontier commu- 
 nities in that it was deliberately planted in lands which could easily 
 be put under ditch. The village from the start was occupied by an 
 eminently moral and temperate population, under the leadership of 
 Meeker, and under the countenance of Horace Greeley. Its resulting 
 prosperity is described by Richard T. Ely in "The Story of a 'Decreed ' 
 Town," in Harper's Magazine, Vol. CVI, pp. 390-401, February, 1903. 
 
 The census of 1870 gave some support to the contention of Presi- 
 dent Johnson, since it reported a population of only 39,841 for the 
 territory. But the figures were attacked by the settlers in Colorado. 
 There is to be found in Sen. Misc. Doc. 40; 410.3; Serial 1442, a 
 statement signed by territorial governor McCook, which denies the 
 accuracy of the census. It gives various tables showing taxable values, 
 agricultural statistics, railway growth, etc., and closes with an inac- 
 curate abstract of the legislative history of the statehood movement. 
 The early years of the seventies saw considerable settlement in the 
 territory, and twice between 1870 and 1875 did the^ House Committee 
 on Territories report in favor of the admission of Colorado. The 
 former report is in H. Rep. 8; 420.3; Serial 1576, dated January 
 6, 1873. The second comes May 28, 1874, in H. Rep. 619; 43C.i; 
 Serial 1626. This latter report, by Chaff ee, gives valuable figures 
 as to the condition of the territory, based on a census of 1873. Its 
 figures of railways are specially interesting. 
 
 Colorado became a state in 1876, and the framing of its constitu- 
 tion is the subject of an article by E. H. Meyer in the Iowa Journal 
 of History and Politics for April, 1904, Vol. II, pp. 256-274, with the 
 title "The Constitution of Colorado." The admission of the state was 
 by presidential proclamation, in accordance with an act passed at 
 the end of the Forty-third Congress. In the following Congress the 
 point was raised as to the constitutionality of this method of admission, 
 and the House Committee on Judiciary presented majority and minority 
 reports to the house upon the propriety of seating James W. Belford 
 as representative from Colorado without further legislation, H. Rep. 
 
Io6 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 
 
 67; 440.2; Serial 1769; pp. 24. The majority report advised the 
 seating of the delegate, while both reports went into the details of 
 the territorial policy of the United States. 
 
 The admission of the new state brought into a new prominence 
 the problem of the military control of the Southwest, with the result 
 that exploration and survey of new routes advanced rapidly. The 
 lines of communication between southern Colorado and points in 
 Arizona and New Mexico inspired a report from the Secretary of War 
 on March 31, 1876, H. Ex. Doc. 172; 440.1; Serial 1691; pp. 34. 
 The next Congress saw a similar report on communication between 
 Colorado and New Mexico, based upon a reconnaissance of the San 
 Juan country in 1877, H. Ex. Doc. 66; 450.2; Serial 1806; pp. 38. 
 This report includes three maps, one of which shows the outlines of 
 the Ute Indian reservation at the time. And another map, published 
 in a report of the same department in May, 1878, H. Ex. Doc. 88; 
 450.2; Serial 1809, shows all the surveys and explorations made west 
 of the hundredth meridian during the ten years then ending. 
 
 The earliest prominence of Colorado in the magazines came with the 
 discovery of the large deposits of silver in and near Leadville, about 
 1877. Before these discoveries, the federal surveys had inspired a 
 description of the work of the "Wheeler Expedition in Southern Col- 
 orado, "-by W. H. Rideing, in Harper's Magazine, Vol. LII, pp. 793- 
 806, May, 1876. But this account of a party which started from 
 Pueblo and crossed to the southwest in search of wagon routes, is excep- 
 tional, and it is not until about 1880 that a real interest is aroused. 
 The new Leadville camp drew visitors from all the United States, 
 and among them was Helen Hunt Jackson, who then lived in Colorado 
 Springs, and told of her trip "To Leadville" in the Atlantic Monthly 
 for May, 1879, Vol. XLIII, pp. 567-579. This, like other articles 
 from the same pen, is light and discursive, valuable not for its con- 
 tribution to facts, but for its contribution to color. E. Ingersoll's "Camp 
 of the Carbonates," in Scribner's Monthly for October, 1879, Vol. 
 XVIII, pp. 801-824, is more serious than Mrs. Jackson's article, and 
 gives some useful accounts of definite conditions in Leadville. a Grub 
 Stakes and Millions, " by A. A. Hayes, in Harper's Magazine, for Febru- 
 
PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COLORADO HISTORY 107 
 
 ary, 1880, Vol. LX, pp. 380-397, is of similar character. More serious 
 than any of these is an article on "Colorado" which appeared in the 
 Fortnightly Review for January, 1880, Vol. 'XXXIII, o. s., pp. 119-129, 
 over the name of J. W. Barclay. Here, prepared for an English public, 
 is an account of the conditions prevailing throughout the state, with 
 special and conservative reference to the possibilities of the state in 
 mining, agriculture, and grazing; while the appeal of the mountains to 
 the hunter and sportsman is sounded by the Earl of Dunraven in the 
 Nineteenth Century for September, 1880, Vol. VIII, pp. 445-457, with 
 the title "A Colorado Sketch." 
 
 The silver interests are not the only ones which attracted the visitor 
 about 1880. A. A. Hayes described "The Cattle Ranches of Colo- 
 rado" in Harper's Magazine for November, 1879, Vol. LIX, pp. 877- 
 895. The grazing possibilities of the Arkansas valley are exploited 
 in this paper, while its general argument is carried a step further 
 by the same author in Harper's for January, 1880. Vol. LX, pp. 193- 
 210, with the similar title, "Shepherds of Colorado," and his "Vaca- 
 tion Aspects of Colorado" found place in the issue for May, Vol. LX, 
 pp. 542-556. The same year which saw these articles of Hayes saw 
 further papers from Mrs. Jackson, who journeyed out from her home 
 in Colorado Springs to various points of interest, and continued to 
 write little discursive sketches of camps and scenery and people. Her 
 "A New Anvil Chorus," in Scribner's Monthly for January, 1878, 
 Vol. XV, pp. 386-395, tells of a visit to Fort Garland and the San Juan 
 valley, of racial types and railway construction; "Little Rose and 
 the House of the Snowy Range," in the same monthly for May, 1878, 
 Vol. XVI, pp. 55-58, carries her to the Sangre di Cristo range and 
 the Wet Mountain valley; and finally she contributed to the Atlantic, 
 in December, 1883, Vol. LII, pp. 753-762, an account of her trip to 
 Crested Butte and the Gunnison fields of 1880, with the title " O-Be- 
 Joyful Creek and Poverty Gulch." 
 
 Parallel to the mining interest of the Leadville boom came a desire 
 to explore the lands of the southwestern part of Colorado, and a demand 
 that the Ute Indians be removed from the state by the federal gov- 
 ernment. The Secretary of War replied to a resolution of the House 
 
I08 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 
 
 with a message of May 23, 1878, H..Ex. Doc. 91; 450.2; Serial 1809; 
 pp. 4, in which he described the means taken for the protection of 
 residents of western Colorado and gave a map showing parts of the 
 Ute reservation, with the portion in dispute in the Uncompahgre country. 
 As a result of this pressure the removal was provided for by Congress, 
 and the lands in question were ceded by the Utes June 15, 1880. A 
 letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs tells of the condition of 
 the Indians to be removed, H. Misc. Doc. 57; 45C.2; Serial 1820; 
 pp. 5; while after the bill had been passed, the Committee on Public 
 Lands, through T. M. Patterson, advocated the survey of the boun- 
 dary between Colorado and New Mexico, on the ground that the 
 mineral deposits in the new territory made such a survey necessary, 
 H. Rep. 708; 450.2; Serial 1825. Four years later, the removal 
 having been accomplished, on August 28, 1881, the Committee on 
 Public Lands again brought up the matter of the Ute agreement, and 
 asked for legislation to protect the settlers in their titles in the old reser- 
 vation, its boundaries not having been surveyed, and the land itself 
 not yet having become a part of the public lands, H. Rep. 561; 47C.i; 
 Serial 2066. The same report, with slight verbal changes, is found 
 also in Sen. Rep. 186; 47C.i; Serial 2004. The question of titles 
 in these lands was long a matter of confusion, a homestead bill for 
 them being considered in 1902, and advocated by Shafroth of Colo- 
 rado, H. Rep. 1275; 57C.i; Serial 4403. 
 
 The decade of the eighties is one of rapid development in all direc- 
 tions, bringing as a by-product many difficult questions concerning 
 the administration of the public lands. The common occurrence 
 of agricultural school lands turning out to be mineral lands produced 
 in 1880 a report from the Committee on Public Lands, Sen. Rep. 256; 
 46C.2; Serial 1893, and another in 1898, H. Rep. 792; 550.2; Serial 
 3719. Similarly, the confusion among the railway land grants to the 
 Union Pacific and the Denver Pacific Railways is responsible for a 
 bill introduced to protect purchasers of such lands in their titles, H. 
 Rep. 2846; 5oC.i; Serial 2605. All of the agricultural lands received 
 a new value as irrigation progressed. The proposal to lease the arid 
 lands of Colorado evoked in 1882 majority and minority reports from 
 
PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COLORADO HISTORY 109 
 
 the Committee on Public lands, H. Rep. 197; 470.1; Serial 1065. 
 The Secretary of the Interior made an estimate in 1889, the year after 
 the formal irrigation survey had begun under the Geological Survey, 
 of the irrigation capacities of the Platte and Arkansas valleys, Sen. 
 Ex. Doc. 120; 500.2; Serial 2612, in response to a call from the Sen- 
 ate; and the House Committee on Public Lands, in the same session, 
 recommended the establishment of three new land offices in Colorado, 
 to meet the demands of increasing sales, H. Rep. 3617; 5oC.2; Serial 
 2673. The establishment of forest reserves created complications 
 in mining lands, a bill to open such reservations to mining claims 
 receiving in 1896 favorable reports from both of the committees, Sen. 
 Rep. 191; 54-C.i; Serial 3362, and H. Rep. 152; 54-C.i; Serial 3457. 
 The early nineties saw a considerable degree of interest in Colorado, 
 inspired by the great discoveries at Cripple Creek, and the prominent 
 part played by the great discoveries at Cripple Creek, and the promi- 
 nent part played by the state in the prevailing monetary discussions. 
 The general question of mining and mining education came in for con- 
 sideration, and the latter extracted from the House Committee on Mines 
 and Mining a recommendation that a portion of the proceeds from 
 the sale of public lands should be turned over to the aid of the School 
 of Mines in the state in which the lands were sold, H. Rep. 1136; 
 5iC.i; Serial 2810. The Nation on October 5, 1893, Vol. LVII, 
 pp. 245-246, gave space to a geographical and romantic description 
 of " Pike's Peak and Colorado Springs" by Mabel L. Todd; and 
 Harper's Magazine for May of that year had already printed, Vol. 
 LXXXVI, pp. 935-948, a description by the New York correspondent 
 of the London Times, Julian Ralph, of " Colorado and its Capital." 
 More specific accounts of the mining excitement of this year are Cy 
 Warman's "Story of Cripple Creek," in the American Review of 
 Reviews for February, 1896, Vol. XIII, pp. 161-166, with its descrip- 
 tion of the early rush into the camp and the resulting construction of 
 railways; and his similar article in the Colorado Magazine, Vol. I, 
 pp. 67-76, April, 1893. Warman had already contributed to the 
 Colorado Magazine, Vol. I, pp. 163-172, May, 1893, an article on 
 "Crede," describing the discovery of the Amethyst vein in 1891, the 
 
110 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 
 
 extension of the Denver & Rio Grande tracks to the camps in the 
 autumn of that year, and the resulting fortunes for Crede, the discov- 
 erer, and Moffat, his partner. A little later, Francis Lynde published 
 in Scribner's Magazine, which is to be distinguished from the earlier 
 Scribner's Monthly, a narrative description of "Cripple Creek" in 
 the issue for May, 1900, Vol. XXVII, pp. 603-616. And, finally, the 
 Colorado College Studies, General Series, No. 17, June, 1905, pp. 1-48, 
 presents a paper on "The Cripple Creek Strike of 1893," bv B - M - 
 Rastall, with an introduction by Professor T. K. Urdahl. 
 
 On the monetary situation there are magazine articles without 
 number, only a few calling for mention here. In September, 1893, 
 when the question of silver had come into existence, the Review of 
 Reviews presented a friendly account of "The Silver Situation in Col- 
 orado," Vol. VIII, pp. 276-280, by E. W. Bemis, of the University 
 of Chicago. The North American Review brought out in January, 
 1894, Vol. CLVIII, pp. 24-29, an article ^by the new Populist governor 
 of Colorado, Davis H. Waite, on "Are the Silver States Ruined?" 
 and in its next number, February, 1894, Vol. CLVIII, pp. 247-249, 
 allowed J. E. Leet to reply to Governor Waite with "Colorado's 
 Bright Outlook". The "Situation in Colorado" was again discussed 
 in May, 1896, in the Yale Review, Vol. V, pp. 50-57, by L. R. Ehrich, 
 who saw the manner in which gold production was gaining upon silver, 
 and changing the financial balance of the state. 
 
 The struggle for women's suffrage in Colorado began long before 
 the admission of the state, but became successful only during the Pop- 
 ulist period in 1893. James H. LeRossignol, in the Annals of the 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. XVIII, pp. 552- 
 556, has a brief article on "Woman's Suffrage and Municipal Pol- 
 itics," with a useful bibliography. Later, Elizabeth McCracken 
 contributed to the Outlook, Vol. LXXV, pp. 737-744, November, 
 28, 1903, in her series "The Women of America," a distinctly witty 
 and unfriendly statement upon the workings of "Women's Suffrage 
 in Colorado," which evoked from Mary G. Slocum, wife of the presi- 
 dent of Colorado College, an indignant, but dignified, refutation in 
 the Outlook, Vol. LXXV, pp. 997-1000, December 26, 1903. Women's 
 
PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COLORADO HISTORY III 
 
 suffrage, like the silver question, cannot receive more than a suggestive 
 bibliography in this place. 
 
 In an international way Colorado provoked remonstrance from 
 Baron Fava, the Italian minister, and from Secretary of State Olney, 
 when certain Italian subjects were lynched in Walsenberg in March 
 1895. The lynching arose out of a murder of an American saloon- 
 keeper named Hixon, and became the occasion of an extensive cor- 
 respondence between the United States, Italy, and Governor Mclntire 
 of Colorado, parts of which are printed in H. Doc. 195; 54-C.i; Serial 
 3420, pp. 20. Six years later a mob destroyed a fish hatchery belong- 
 ing to one William Radcliffe, a British subject, at Delta, and again 
 the intervention of the federal government was provoked. In this 
 case President Roosevelt, in a message of March 14, 1904, recom- 
 mended an indemnity of $25,000 to the victim, and transmitted the 
 documents in the case to Congress, Sen. Doc. 271; 58C.2; Serial 
 4592; pp. 40. 
 
 Of slight importance in the history of Colorado, but of some conse- 
 quence in its sociological aspect, is the attempt of the Salvation Army 
 to found and conduct a community at Fort Amity, Colorado. Because 
 of an alleged inability of this body to pay promptly for the arid lands 
 purchased from the United States and irrigated by the settlers, it is 
 the occasion of a number of public documents, especially H. Rep. 364; 
 56C.i; Serial 4022; February, 1900, Sen. Rep. 1135; 56C.i; Serial 
 3894; May, 1900, and Sen. Rep. 2950; 57C.2; Serial 4412; Febru- 
 ary, 1903. All of these documents are very brief, but they give some 
 notion of the scope and activity of this type of poor-relief. The jour- 
 nalistic reports of the same settlement, as in " Making Successful 
 Farmers out of City Failures," in World's Work, Vol. VI, pp. 3929- 
 3930, and in the Outlook, Vol. LXXIV, pp. 640-641, show much suc- 
 cess at Amity, and require some reconciliation with the statements of 
 the public documents. 
 
 Miscellaneous items of Coloradoana in the middle nineties are a 
 favorable report on a pipe-line bill for Colorado and Wyoming, H. 
 Rep. 1563; 54C. i ; Serial 3462; a report favoring the grant to Col- 
 orado of the abandoned Fort Lyons military reservation for a sol- 
 
112 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 
 
 diers' and sailors' home, H. Rep. 1847; 54C.i; Serial 3464, and 
 another, on granting to the Cripple Creek District Railway Company 
 a right of way through the Pike's Peak timber land reserve, H. Rep. 
 1592; 55C.2; Serial 3722. About 1900 came Shafroth's report on 
 the preservation of pre-historic ruins in Colorado, H. Rep. 1104; s6C.i; 
 Serial 4025; Hansbrough's recommendation of permission to Mon- 
 trose to enter 160 acres of public lands for reservoir purposes, Sen. 
 Rep. 2955; 57C.2; Serial 4412; and Palmer's report recommending the 
 erection of terms of federal circuit and district courts at Montrose 
 in place of Del Norte, H. Rep. 3378; 57C.2; Serial 4414. Finally, 
 there is in 1901 a long report of a committee named by the General 
 Assembly of Colorado, on the Australasian system of taxation and 
 the revenues of Colorado, Sen. Doc. 209; 56C.2; Serial 4043; pp. 36. 
 The Outlook during these same years calls attention to the sociologi- 
 cal work under Dr. R. W. Corwin of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Com- 
 pany, Vol. LXXII, pp. 149-150; to the " Religious Life in Colorado," 
 Vol. LXXII, pp. 365-371 to the home-rule charter of Denver, Vol. 
 LXXV, p. 97, and to the franchise amendment Vol. LXXVI, pp. 249- 
 250. 
 
 The great mining strike of 1903-1904 caused much attention to 
 be given to industrial and constitutional conditions in Colorado. Begin- 
 ning with the sympathetic strike of the Cripple Creek miners in August, 
 and continuing through the calling-out of troops, the explosion at the 
 "Vindicator" mine, the recall of troops, the Independence disaster, 
 and the deportations, there is a long series of pertinent articles to be 
 recorded. The Outlook, Vol. LXXV, p. 390, October 17, 1903, com- 
 ments upon the beginning of the strike, and its provocation in the eight- 
 hour agitation. In later issues it calls attention to 'the less important 
 strike of the coal miners, and to the complications produced by the 
 appearance of the Citizens' Alliances, Vol. LXXV, p. 763*; to the 
 general support given by the business interests at Cripple Creek to 
 the drastic measures of Governor Peabody, Vol. LXXVI, pp. 143- 
 144; and to the dangerous social cleavage which divided the mining 
 communities into the hostile Mine Owners' Association and the Western 
 Federation of Miners, Vol. LXXVI, pp. 1001-1003. As the spring 
 
PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COLORADO HISTORY 113 
 
 of 1904 advanced, Current Literature, Vol. XXXVI, pp. 482-484, 
 called attention to the attempt at an ending of martial law while " G, " 
 writing to the Outlook, Vol. LXXVII, pp. 2i*-22,* commented upon 
 the arbitrary assumption of powers as well by the state authorities 
 as by the leaders of the Western Federation. The terrible disaster 
 at Independence station produced paragraphs in the Outlook, Vol. 
 LXXVII, pp. 384-385, and in Current Literature, Vol. XXXVII, 
 pp. 3-5. The deportations of miners following close upon this dis- 
 aster created what Current Literature Vol. XXXVII, pp. 104-106, 
 characterized as a " carnival of crime, " in which, Vol. XXXVI, pp. 594- 
 596, both sides were largely to blame a conclusion with which the 
 Outlook, Vol. LXXVII, pp. 394-396, agreed. Current Literature 
 suggested a little later, Vol. XXXVII, pp. 303-305, the possibility 
 of federal intervention in Colorado. A socialistic view of the strike 
 is to be found in Wiltshire's Magazine, May, 1904, pp. 219-224, by 
 Henry O. Morris, under the title "The Conspiracy against Labor in 
 Colorado." It is accompanied by editorials on the "Mine Owners ' 
 Infamous Purpose." On the other side is "The Supremacy of Law," 
 by William M. Raine, in the Reader Magazine, Vol. IV, pp. 399-409, 
 September, 1904. These paragraphs and editorials by no means 
 comprise the whole output upon the strike. All the weekly papers 
 give some attention to it. 
 
 The proportions which the strike came to assume in its constitu- 
 tional bearings ultimately produced three important missions to Col- 
 orado. The brilliant report of Ray Stannard Baker on "The Reign of 
 Lawlessness, Anarchy, and Crime in Colorado" appears in McClure's 
 Magazine, Vol. XXIII, pp. 43-57, May, 1904. The Rev. Washington 
 Gladden made a similiar report for a syndicate of newspapers begin- 
 ning with the Columbus Press Post, and appearing, among others, in the 
 Denver Times, for April 22 and 23, 1904. It is worthy of note that the 
 Denver Republican did not consider these letters worthy of any consider- 
 able mention. The third special report was by William English Wall- 
 ing, a resident of the New York University Settlement, and appeared in 
 the Independent, Vol. LVI, pp. 539-548, March 10, 1904, with the title 
 "The Great Cripple Creek Strike." 
 
114 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 
 
 In Congress the political aspect of the strike had its result in three 
 documents which are of high value as sources for the history of 1903- 
 1904. A statement of the employers' side, prepared by C. C. Ham- 
 lin, secretary of the Mine Owners' and Property Owners' Associa- 
 tion of Cripple Creek, and at once attacking the Western Federation 
 of Miners and defending the administration of Governor Peabody, 
 was presented to the Senate by Scott, of West Virginia, in January, 
 1904, Sen. Doc. 86; 58C.2; Serial 4588; pp. 19. It produced later 
 in the same session, a reply from the Western Federation, through 
 Patterson, of Colorado, Sen. Doc. 163, 58C.2; Serial 4590; pp. 41, 
 which denies most of the allegations of the earlier document, and 
 reviews the history of strikes since 1894 in an attempt to throw the re- 
 sponsibility for them upon the owners and employers. It contains 
 many extracts from contemporary newspapers and correspondence, 
 but is far surpassed in completeness by the "Report on Labor Dis- 
 turbances in Colorado, 1880-1904," made by an agent of the Com- 
 missioner of Labor, and printed as Sen. Doc. 122; 58C.3; pp. 363. 
 This document, because of the originals which it prints,, and because 
 it is fairly non-political in tone, is the best single source for the history 
 of the labor troubles. 
 
 The situation brought forth also an editorial by B. O. Flower, in 
 the Arena, Vol. XXXII, pp. 187-194, August, 1904, on the "Break- 
 ing Down of Democratic Government in an American Common- 
 wealth," which reviews the special articles on the strike, and develops 
 the initiative and referendum as cure for such ills as those of Colo- 
 rado. The Arena, in the autumn of 1905, ran a series of papers by 
 J. W. Mills on "The Economic Struggle in Colorado," which is a 
 long tract on municipal ownership of corporations.