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GREEK READER. 
 
 CONSISTING OF SELECTIONt: FPOM 
 
 XENOPHON, PLATO, HERODOTUS, AND THUCYDIDES. 
 
 iff) Notes 
 
 ADAPTED TO THE REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION OF j 
 
 GOODWIN'S GREEK GRAMMAR, \ 
 
 AND COPPERPLATE MAPS. ! 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 WILLIAM W. GOODWIN, Ph.D., 
 
 ELIOT PROFESSOR OF GREEK LITERATURE IN HARVARD CoLgE. 
 
 ^ccottti !E&itiott» 
 
 BOSTON: 
 OINN AND HEATH. 
 
 1881. 
 
^r^ ., 
 
 nH J% ^^ f t-^y^-^'-"^ 
 
 r I 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 1877. 
 
 BY WILLIAM W. GOODWIN, 
 
 Ux the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, 
 
 Press of Rockwell and Churchill, 
 39 Arch St., Boston. 
 

 M 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITIOx^. 
 
 This Reader is designed to supply an equivalent for 
 Xenoplion's Anabasis, which is now almost universally 
 read in preparation for American colleges. It surely needs 
 no argument to show that a better knowledge even of the 
 elements of a language is gained from a variety of styles 
 than from a single author, or that even the briefest course 
 of reading is the better for exhibiting the higher qualities 
 of the literature which it represents. The fact that the 
 Anabasis is accessible in carefully prepared editions has 
 given it a prominence in our schools which neither its 
 literary merit nor its historic importance could justly 
 claim; and its exclusive reign has not been without its 
 injurious effect on our scholarship. 
 
 Xenophon and Herodotus are perhaps the only strictly 
 classic prose-writers of Greece who can be studied with 
 success by beginners, except in selected passages. Demos- 
 thenes and Thucydides are by no means as well adapted as 
 Cicero and Caesar to the attainments of young students ; 
 and Plato must be divested, to a great extent, of his philo- 
 sophic robes before he can enter our schoolrooms. It will 
 therefore surprise no one that so large a part of the present 
 work is given to Xenophon and Herodotus. 
 
 We have attempted to select characteristic passages from 
 
 869026 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 the four authors included in the work, and at the same 
 time to admit nothino; which a dilisrent scholar cannot 
 reasonably be expected to master in the first two years of 
 his Greek studies. AVe have given the Third and Fourth 
 books of the Anabasis entire, as being the most interesting 
 part of the Retreat of the Ten Thousand, and as admirably 
 adapted by its simplicity of style for elementary drill. 
 Then follows the greater part of the Second Book of the 
 Hellenica, describing the capture of Athens by the Spartan 
 Lysander, the tragic end of the long Peloponnesian war 
 in the destruction of the Piraeus and of the Long Walls 
 of Athens — the pride of Themistocles and Pericles — to 
 the insulting music of flutes, the odious rule of the Thirty 
 Tyrants, with the expulsion of the oligarchy and the res- 
 toration of the democracy by Thrasybulus and his band 
 of exiled patriots from Phyle ; to which are added the last 
 sections of the Hellenica, describing the battle of Man- 
 tinea and the death of Epaminondas. 
 
 IsText comes the first chapter of the Memorabilia, giving 
 the character of Socrates as drawn by Xenophon, followed 
 by the last section of the same work. The short extracts 
 from Plato which follow consist of the final address of 
 Socrates to his judges from the Apology, and the narrative 
 part of the Phaedo describing the last hours of the great 
 philosopher. 
 
 The selections from Herodotus are in four parts. The 
 first contains the account of the invasion of Darius and 
 the battle of Marathon. The three others contain the 
 most important passages in the Seventh and Eighth books, 
 forming a continuous account of the invasion of Xerxes, — 
 the pomp of the Great King's preparation ; the march of 
 the mighty host from Asia to Greece, including bridging 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 the Hellespont and cutting the canal through Atlios ; the 
 preparations of the terrified Greeks ; the wisdom of the 
 Delphic oracle and the craft of Themistocles ; the battles 
 of Thermopylae, Artemisium, and Salamis ; and finally the 
 ignominious retreat of Xerxes from Salamis to Asia. The 
 campaign of Mardonius in the following year, with the 
 battles of Plataea and Mycale, is omitted for want of space. 
 In thus condensing two long books of Herodotus into so 
 small a compass, great pains have been taken to avoid 
 abrupt transitions; and often single sentences have been 
 taken from a chapter to keep up the continuity of the 
 narrative. It is hoped that the wonderful story of the 
 campaign of Xerxes has thus been presented to the pupil 
 in greater vividness and completeness than it could have 
 been by detached extracts. 
 
 The passage from Thucydides has been abridged by 
 omitting the speeches, and such parts of the narra'tive as 
 are not essential to the main account. As there is no 
 continuous passage of this length in Thucydides which 
 does not contain difficulties of construction or style too 
 great for beginners, occasional liberties have been taken in 
 omitting sentences or even clauses which are not essential 
 to the story, simply to avoid difficulties. There is perhaps 
 no other part of Thucydides from which so simple a narra- 
 tive passage of equal interest with this story of Pylus 
 could have been taken. 
 
 Although this Eeader is especiaUy designed for those 
 who are preparing for college, with a view of giving them 
 the best material afforded by the Greek literature'' to en- 
 liven the course of their earlier studies, it is yet hoped that 
 it may be of use also to those whose study of Greek must 
 be confined to the school or academy. It is especially 
 
Vi PREFACE. 
 
 hard for such persons to spend a year or more in reading 
 Greek, but to see nothing except the Anabasis, — a story 
 of an expedition saved from oblivion chiefly by a skilfu] 
 retreat, — when the great deeds of Marathon, Thermopylae 
 and Salamis, Leonidas and his Three Hundred, Miltiades. 
 Themistocles, Aristides, Socrates, and Epaminondas are 
 equally within their reach. For such, and indeed for all 
 who may use the work, we desire that it may " enlarge and 
 not belittle the notion of what a classic language and liter- 
 ature mean. The best justification of classical study, after 
 all, is not its value as a means of mental discipline, but 
 that it combines that discipline with some guiding of the 
 mind towards the higher interpretation of history and the 
 deeper lessons of human life." 
 
 The notes make no pretension to learning, and aim 
 merely at aiding beginners in laying a solid foundation for 
 future scholarship. The grammatical aid is given chiefly 
 in the form of references, in which alone it can be syste- 
 matic. 'No notes can supply all the collateral information 
 needed for the full understanding of an ancient historian. 
 Constant reference should be made to a classical dictionary 
 and to some Greek history. It may be too much to expect 
 of school-boys in these days that they should read a history 
 like that of Grote ; but we cannot too strongly recommend 
 all who wish to catch the true spirit of the history they 
 are studying, to read Grote's graphic account of the Per- 
 sian wars with Herodotus, his story of Pylus and Cleon 
 with Thucydides, and his chapters on the Thirty Tyrants 
 and on Epaminondas with Xenophon's Hellenica. Many 
 parts too of his chapter on Socrates (in vol. viii.) would 
 be appreciated by every thoughtful reader of the extracts 
 here made from the Memorabilia and from Plato. We 
 
PREFACE. vii 
 
 believe, further, that the time spent in reading these chap- 
 ters of Grote would be more than saved by their aid as a 
 commentary to the Greek text, wliile the increased interest 
 which they would awaken might often change the study 
 from a task to a pleasure. 
 
 It is of course impossible in notes like these to give 
 special credit for every remark which is wholly or partly 
 borrowed. We must therefore exj)ress, once for all, our 
 obligations to the long and familiar line of commentators 
 on Xenophon, Herodotus, Thucydides, and Plato; and 
 last, not least, to Grote, from whose notes many valuable 
 hints have been derived which could not be acknowledged 
 by quotation-marks. The maps at the end of the volume 
 are chiefly copied from larger maps in Kiepert's "Atlas 
 von Hellas." 
 
 'No Poetry has been added to this Eeader, partly because 
 the masterpieces of Greek Poetry are nearly aU accessible 
 in a convenient form, but chiefly because no ancient poetry 
 is so well adapted to the minds of youth as the Homeric 
 poems, which every scholar should carry with him to 
 college without abridgment. One great advantage of the 
 extended course of preparatory study which, it is to be 
 hoped, all our best colleges will soon expect of those who 
 intend to be classical scholars will be the more thorough 
 acquaintance with Homer which young men will thereby 
 gain before they enter college. 
 
 ^ In the extracts from Xenophon, the chapters and sec- 
 tions are numbered as they are in recent editions. The 
 other selections are divided into new sections as they stand, 
 and numbered accordingly. In all cases (except in Plato), 
 the numbers of the original chapter and section with which 
 the right-hand page ends are given at the top of the page. 
 
yiii PREFACE. 
 
 No special lexicon is added to the volume, partly from 
 the impossibility of making a really complete small lexi- 
 con to such a variety of authors, but chiefly from the behef 
 that the use of a partial lexicon is injurious to sound 
 scholarship. We do not refer to such special works as are 
 really more full than a general lexicon, which are often 
 invaluable in reading a difficult author ; but to such im- 
 perfect glossaries as are sometimes expected at the end of 
 a Greek Eeader. The abridgment of Liddell and Scott's 
 Greek-English Lexicon, which admirably combines con- 
 venience in size with completeness and exactness in 
 definitions, is now so easily accessible, that all difficulty 
 in this respect is happily removed. 
 
 THE EDITORS. 
 
 Cambridge, Mass., July, 1871. 
 
 ^ 
 
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 
 
 The first edition of this Eeader, which was published 
 in 1871, was prepared by the undersigned and the Eev. 
 Joseph H. Allen of Cambridge, Mass. The Preface to that 
 edition, which is here reprinted without change, shows the 
 general plan of the work and the purposes at which it 
 aimed. In the present edition the First and Second Books 
 of the Anabasis have been substituted for the Third and 
 Fourth, and the notes on the Anabasis here given contain 
 more than twice as much matter as those belouQ-inor to the 
 same amount of text in the former edition. This cliano'e 
 has been made in deference to the opinion of many prac- 
 tical teachers, whose views on the nature of a commentary 
 intended for beginners seemed to the Editor entitled to 
 the highest respect. It will be seen that the notes on the 
 First Book of the Anabasis, which it is assumed will be 
 used for giving pupils a solid foundation in the general 
 principles of Greek Syntax, are especially copious ; while 
 those on the Second Book of the Anabasis, like those on 
 the following extracts, are written for pupils who are sup- 
 posed to have mastered the rudiments. In the opinion of 
 the Editor, it is highly desirable to use as small a portion 
 as possible of the classic literature as a corpus vile for the 
 
PKEFACE. 
 
 more minxite dissection, and to enable pupils at the earli- n^ 
 est possible moment to read Greek and Latin with an 
 appreciative mind. The notes on the Anabasis have been 
 prepared in great part by my colleague, Professor John 
 W. White, with whose " First Lessons in Greek " the stu- 
 dents of this Eeader have, it is hoped, already become 
 acquainted. The notes on the remainder of the work are, 
 with few changes, the same as those which appeared in 
 the former edition. A map designed to iUustrate the Ana- 
 basis, copied chiefly from Kiepert's map in Eehdantz's 
 Anabasis (1873), has been added in this edition. 
 
 W, W. GOODWIN. 
 
 Harvard College, March, 1877. 
 
COZ^TENTS. 
 
 XENOPHON. 
 
 Pagb 
 
 I. Anabasis, Books I. and II ..,,,, 1 
 
 II. Fall and Restoration of Athens . . • • 61 
 
 III. The Battle of Mantinea 86 
 
 IV. Character of Socrates 90 
 
 PLATO. 
 
 I. Socrates before his Judges 96 
 
 II. The Death of Socrates ...... 101 
 
 HERODOTUS. 
 
 I. Invasion of Greece by Darius 112 
 
 II. March of Xerxes: Preparations of the Greeks . 120 
 
 III. The Pass of Thermopylae 136 
 
 IV. Artemisium : March of Xerxes to Athens : Salamis : 
 
 Retreat of Xerxes to Asia 156 
 
 THUCYDIDES. 
 
 Pylus and Sphacteria 192 
 
 Notes 1-159 
 
 Parallel References 160 
 
 Table of Dates 162 
 
N 
 

 XENOPHON. 
 
 I. ANABASIS. 
 
 BOOK FIRST. 
 
 I. Aap€iov Kac IJapv(TaTLBo<; ytyvovTac TratSe? Svo, 
 
 rrp€(T^uTepo<; fxev Apra^ep^ij'i, V6(or€po<i Be Kvpo<;. eirec 
 
 )6 r]a6evei Aape2o<; /cat viroiirTeve rekevrrfv rov ^lov, e^ov- 
 
 Kejo TOJ iralhe afKpoTepco irapelvai. 2. o i^ev ovv irpea^v- 
 
 e/D09 irapcov ervy^ave' Kvpov Be /neraTre/jLTrerai airo -ttj'^ 
 
 ipyrj'i ^? avTOV aarpaTTTju eiroiTjcre, Kat, arparrjyov oe uvtov 
 
 nreBet^e irdvrwv baoi et<? KaartoXov rreBiov aOpoi^ovrat. 
 
 iva^aLveu ovv o Kvpo<; Xa^cov Ticraa(f)epvr]v o)? (f)cXoi>, Kat 
 
 wv ' EWrivcov Be f?%a>j' 07r\LTa<; ave^r) rptaKoaiov^^ ap'y^ov- 
 
 a Be avrcov Aeviav Uappaaiov. 3. eireu Be ereXeuTTjae 
 
 Japeto? Kat Karearr] et? ttjv ^aa-iXetav Apra^ep^-q^;^ Ttc- 
 
 a(f)epvr)^ Bta/SaWet rov Kvpov irpo'^ rov aBeXc^ov o)? eirt- 
 
 \ovXevot avTw. o Be iretderat re Kat avXXaix(3avet Kvpov 
 
 I? airoKTevcov' 7] Be /jLr]T7]p e^atrrjcra/jbevr) avrov wTroTTe/JbTret 
 
 aXtv eirt tt^i/ ap'^T^v. 4. o S co? aTrrjXOe KtvBvvevaa<; Kat 
 
 TtiJLaad€L<;^ ^ovXeveiat otto)? /jbrjirore ert ecrrat eirt tm 
 
 BeXcf)^, aXX , rjv Bvvrjrat, ^aaiXevaet avr eKetvov. Tlapv" 
 
 aTt<i piev Brj rj /jbrjTTjp uTTrjp-^e rco Kvpco, (faXovaa avrov 
 
 aXXov r] rov ^aatXevovra Apra^ep^rjv. 5. 6<7Ti? B a(f)t- 
 
 vetro rwv rrapa jSaatXeo)'^ Trpo? avrov, 7ravra<i ovrco Biart- 
 
 t? airerrepbiTero ware avrco puaXXov (f)LXov^ elvat tj [3aatXet. 
 
 It rwv Trap eavrco Be ^ap^apcov eirefjieXetro ft)? rroXefjuelv 
 
 tKavot etTjcrav Kat evvo't/c(Ji}<; e-^otev avru). 6. rT]v Be EX- 
 
 mvLKr]v Biiva/jLtv rjOpot^ev co? fiaXtara eBvvaro erTtKpvrrro- 
 
f ' 
 f 
 
 "^%: \' '•ExpediiiQU of Cirrus the Younger, [Xen. 
 
 Xeac. ^ap^yyecX. roU *poup«px-»' ^''^"'^^"'^ Xa,.^a.ec. av- 
 Bpa, neXo-,ro.vv^lov. 6't. ^Xel.Tov, Ka. ^eX^arov,, «, 
 J,r.^ou\6^oi.T09 T,acai,ipvov, rak -rriXeau Kai yap ^aav 
 al 'Icovc^al -rrSXec, Tc<xaa4>epvov,, to apX^'^ov 6« ^a<T.\e«9 
 geSoA^eW.. To're 8' d<l,ecaTV^eaav 77po9 KOpo.. 77«<7a^ -rrX^v 
 M^Xn-roV 7. iu Mo\vro> Se Ti^<Ta4>epvv'; ■wpoaccdop.evo', 
 ra avra ravra ^ovXevop-ivov^, i-woaTf,vai. Trpo? Kipov, tok? 
 ^-.v aCr&v a-rrU-recve -roi, 8' l^i^aXev. o 8e Kypo,, v^rc 
 XaBhv Tov, <t,evyovTa,. avXXe^a, <Trpdrevf.a e^oXcop.er 
 MlWrov Kal Ka-rk yvv Kal Ka-ra BaXaTjav, Kai ewecparo 
 .ardye^v Toi, i.^e^^o>.6ra,. Kal airv uZ ^XXvjpo^a<rc,- 
 Iv airi Tov iepol^uv ^Tp<l.ev,.a. 8. .rpo, Se ^aaCXea- 
 ■:rip.-Ko>l v^lov dBeX<fo, &. airoO Bodijva, ol -ravra, -ra, 
 nr6Xe,, l^aXXov P, T.aaa4>epvvi' apx^^v avrHv, «a. n I^V^VP 
 avvenparrev aira, raira- &are ^aa^Xev^r^v J^ev^ -npo, 
 eavTOV i^^l3cvXvv oIk y.edvero, T,aaa<^^pvu Se evo^.^^ 
 ■noXe^^oivra airlu J^f. r^ ^rparei^ara Ba^amv- care 
 o^Se.. ^X0"o air&v ■uoXep.oivT^v. Ka\ yap „ Kvpo, arre-^ 
 ^ef^ire roh, yiyvo^^ivov, U<Tp,oh, ^aatXe^ €« rwv ^^oX^o,.;) 
 S>. Tcaaa4>ipvv^ iriy^avev h-v. 9. ^XXo Zi --P--/^- 
 avr^ ,.v.6XeV6TO Jv Xeppovv^<p t^ Karavrcrrepa, A^vbou 
 To'ie 7lv Tpi-Kov. Kxiapxo<: Aa^eSaip,<ivco, 4>vya., Tj^j 
 TCVTCO cvyyevip.evo<^ b KOpo, vj'^'^0n « airov Kac 8.S»<rtj 
 aird p^vpiov, hapuKOV,. 6 Se Xapi,v to XP-^^''"" '^''P""^ 
 fia ^.rvviXe^ev cl-rro Toira>u r&v XP'Jf*'""''' ""' ^'^"'^^f M 
 Xeppovv<rov op/^wf^evo, toU Bpa^l toJ, vTrep 'EXXr,,r7ro,^ 
 „. oIkov^v, Ka\ i>4>'eXu rov," EXX^va,- &<rre .ao XPVf^o.r^ 
 <,vve0dXXouTO avroy e\, t^v rpo<kvv rS,v arparc<o7co„ di 
 'EXXvaTTOvna^al ttoXc.? eKoiaac. toCto 8' av ot^TO, rpe 
 
Anab. 1, II.] Collecting an Army. 3 
 
 ^o\xevov eXavOavev avro) to arparevfjia. 10. ApLCTi'mro^i 
 he 6 06TTaXo? ^evo<^ cov eivyyavev aura>, Kau rme^oixevo^ vtto 
 Ta)u o'lKOb avTtaraaLwrwv ep'^erai tt/qo? tov Kvpov /col anel 
 avTOv et? BLa')(^L\cov<i ^evov<s Kau rptwp fiijvcov /juiaOov, o)? ovrco 
 irepiyevofievo'^ av twv avriaTaaitoTwv. 6 he Kvpo^; Bcho)- 
 CTLV avT(p et? TeTpaKiCf^ikLov<^ Kau e^ firjvcov fitaOov, koI 
 Betrai avrov /ubrj nrpoaOev KaraXuaai Trpo? tov<? avTcara- 
 cr^cora? irptv av avrco aufjb^ovXevarjraL. ovrco Be av 
 TO €V SeuaXta eXavOavev avTO) Tpe(f)ofjL6vov (nparevfia. 
 11. Upo^evov Be tov Boicoriov ^evov ovra avico eKeXevae 
 XajBovra avBpa^ otl TrXeiarov^ Trapayeveadai, w? et? Tliau- 
 Ba<; ^ovXo/jLevo^; arpareveaOai^ o)? Trpay/jbara iTap€')(ovr(tiv 
 Twv UtaiBcov rr) iavrov '^copa. ^o(f)aiveTOV Be tov ^tv/jl- 
 ^aXiov Kuv ^(o/cparrjv tov A'^atov^ ^evov<; ovTa<; Kai tov- 
 Tou?, eKeXevcrev avBpa<; Xa/3ovTa<i eXOelv otl irXecaTOV';, w? 
 7roXe/jur]acov Titrcac^epvev aw Tol<i (pvyaac tcov MtXijaKov. 
 Kat, eiTOLOvv ovtw^ ovtol. 
 
 hiirei o eooKec 7)077 Tropeveouai avTO) avco, ttjv jiiev 
 7rpocf)a(Tiv eiroieoTO oj? UiaiBa^; ^ovXojJbevo^ eK/SaXelv iravTa- 
 Traaiv eK tt;? ywpa^i' Kai aOpot^ei, &)? eTTo tovtov<; to re 
 ^ap/3apLK0v Kai to KXXtjvikov. evravOa Kat, irapayyeXXec 
 Tft) re KXeap')((i'i Xa/SovTL rjKetv baov rjv avTco crTpaTevfJia^ 
 Kau TO) ApLCTLTTTTW avvaXXajevTi Trpo? tou? oIkoc aTroTrefji- 
 ^jrai TTpo? eavTov o el'^e aTpuTevfjia • Kai aevla tm ^ ApKaBt, 
 09 avTcp 7rpoet(TT7]K€L TOV ev Ta2<; TroXecro ^eviKov, tjkclv Tra- 
 payyeXXet Xa^ovTa tov<; avBpa<; TrXrjv OTToaot iKavol rjcrav 
 Ta? aKpoiToXet^ (^vXarTecv. 2. eKaXeae Be Kai tov<; MlXtj- 
 Tov TToXcopKOVVTa^, Kat Tov^ ^vyaBa<; eKeXevcre avv avTO) 
 CTpaTeveaOac, viroa'^oiJLevo'^ avTol^, ei KaXa)<; KaTairpa^etev 
 €<p a earpareveTO, /jlt] irpoatfev iravaaauau Trpcv avT0v<; 
 KUTayayot, oLKuBe. ol Be rjBeco^ eiretOovTo • eirlaievov yap 
 
4 Expediiion of Cyrus the Younger. [Xen. 
 
 avTO) ' Kol Xfl/SoWe? to. oirXa nraprjaav et? "^aphei^i, 
 3. 'EevLa<; jjbkv Si) tol'? €k tcop TToXecov Xa^wv Trapeyevero 
 et? Xa/oSet? 6TT\Lra<; eU TeTpaKtcr'^LXiov';, TIpo^evo<; he ira- 
 pr}v e^wu OTrX/ra? fiev et? TrevjaKoaiov^ /cat p^tX^ou 9, yvfivrj- 
 Ta? 8e 7r6vraKoaiov<^, ^o(patveTO<; Be 6 ^TV/jL(f)aXco<i 07rXna<; 
 e^cov ')(^iXiov<;, X(OKpaTr]<; he 6 A')(ato<^ oirXcTa'; e^cov co<; 
 irevraKoaiov^^ JJaaLcov he Mejapev^ TpLaKocn,ov<; fiev 
 OTrX/ra?, TpuaKoaiov^ he TreXracrra? e')(^u>v irapeyevero • rjv 
 he Kol ovTO<; kol 6 Stofcparr]^; rcov a/jL(f>L MlXtjtov arparevo- 
 fievcov. 4. ovTOL iiev et? Xaphei<; avrcp u^lkovto. Ttaaa- 
 (f>epv7)<; he Karavorjaa'^ ravra^ Kab fiet^ova 7]j7]aafjL€vo<; elvai 
 T) &)? eTTL riiaiha^ rr]v 7rapaaKev7]v, iropeveraL co? ^aaiXea 
 y ehvvaro ra^Lara iTTTrea? e^cov co? TrevraKOcnov;. 5. /cat 
 ^aaiXev; fxev hrj, tireL rjKOvae Ttaaacpeppov; rov Kvpov (Tto- 
 Xov, avr Lirapea Keva^ero. 
 
 Kvpo<; he e')(wv oy? eiprjKa cop/juaro airo ^aphecov ' Kau 
 e^eXavvei hta T779 Avhta<i crraO/jbov^ rpet's Trapaaayya'; et- 
 Koat Kau hvo eiri 70v Maiaphpov TTora/iov, tovtov to ev- 
 /309 hvo irXeOpa * yecpvpa he eiTrjv e^euy/ievr] ttXoloi^; eina. 
 6. tovtov hLa^a<^ e^eXavvet hia ^pvyia^ aTaOfxov eva ira- 
 pa<Tayya<^ oktco ck KoXocrca^., iroXiv oiKOVfxevqv, evhac- 
 jxova KOL /jLeyaXrjv. evTavOa e/xetvev 7]fj.epa^ eiTTa' kcu 
 YjKe Mevcou o GeTTaXo^ oirXcTa'^ ^%^^ ^tX^oi;? Kat TreXra- 
 aTa<; TrevTaKoaiOv;, AoXo7ra<^ kol AiVLava^ Kau OXwOi- 
 oi'9. 7. evTevOev e^eXavvei (TTadfiov^ Tpel^ irapaaayya^ 
 ecKoaiv et? KeXatvaf;, T179 ^pvyta^ ttoXlv oiKOV/jiePTjv, pLeya- 
 Xrjv Kac evhatpLova. evTavOa Kvpo) ^aacXeta tjv kol irapa- 
 heiao<; /xeya? ayptcov Orjpiwv irXi'ipr]^, a e/ceti^o? eOrjpevev 
 
 UTTO ITTTTOV, OTTOTe yV/JLVaCTai povXoiTO eaVTOV T6 KOL TOU? 
 
 LTTTTOV^;. hui fieaov he tov irapaheiaov pel 6 Maiai>hpo<^ f 
 TTOTafiof; • ai he irr^yat, avTov elcnv eic twv /SaaiXeloov ' pel | 
 
 I 
 
Anab. 1, n.] On the March. 6 
 
 he Kol Sea T?;? KeKatvwv TroXeo)?. 8. ean Ze koX fieyakov 
 ^aatXiw^ (BaalXeia ev KeXacvat^; ipvfiva eirl ral<^ iT'r)'^al<^ 
 Tov 3Iap<TU0v TTora/jiov viro rfj a/cpoiroXei • pel Se Kal ovto<^ 
 Bia Trj(; Tro/Veo)? /cal ifi^oXKeL eh tov Malavhpov tov he 
 Mapavov TO €vp6<; icTTCv ecKoat kol irevTe irohwv. evTav- 
 6a Xeyerac ^AttoWcov eKhelpai Mapcrvav, vLfcrja-a<^ ipi^ovTa 
 ol irepl ao(^La<^, kol to Bipfia Kpefido-at ev to5 dvTpw ouev 
 at irrj'yai' Bta Be tovto 6 iroTafJio^ /caXetTac 3Iapava<;. 
 9. evTauOa 'Eep^T)'^^ ore eK t?}? EXXaBo^ rirT7]0eL<; rrj fia-^r) 
 aTreycopei,, Xeyerat oiKoBo/ji'fjcrai, TavTu le Ta ^aatXeta Kat 
 TTjv KeXatvcov aKpoiroXtv. evTavda e/xecve Kvpo<; r)/j,6pa<s 
 TptaKovTa' Kol TjKe KXeap')(o<^ 6 AaKeBaLfiovto'^ (pvya<; e-^cov 
 67rXiTa<i '^lXlov; koI ireXraa-Ta's Spatca<; oicraKoaLov; kol 
 T0^0Ta<; Kp7]Ta<^ BiaKoaLOv^. a/jua Be Kac Xw(tl<; iraprjv o 
 XvpaKooTLO^ e-^wv oTrXna^ TptaKo<TLOv<;, Kau Xo(^aivero^ o 
 ApKCi^ €-)((ov oTrXcTa^ ')(^iXLov<^. Kat evTavOa Kvpo<; e^eru" 
 atv KOL apiOpiov tcdv EXXtjvcov eTroLrjcrev ev to) TrapaBeccro), 
 Kac eyevovTO ol cru/iTraz/re? oirXlraL p^ev fivpLOL Kal '^^lXlol,. 
 TreXraaraL Be afMCpL tov<; BccT'^LXLOU'i. 10. evrevOev e^eXav" 
 vet <TradpLOv<; Bvo 7rapaaayya<^ BeKa et? ITeXra?, ttoXlv 
 OLKovfJLevrjV. eviavd e/ieLvev r]/jLepa<; Tpeh ' ev at<; 'BevLa<^ 
 ApKa<; ra AvKata eOvae KaL ayu>va eOijKe • ra Be aOXa 
 r)aav o-rXeyyiBe^i ^pucrat* eOewpeu Be tov aywva kol Kvpo<;. 
 evrevOev e^XavveL arjaOp.ov's Bvo irapaaayya^ BcoBeKa et? 
 is epa/jLcov ayopav^ ttoXlv OLKov/j,evT]v^ ea'^arijv Trpo? rrj Mv- 
 crca '^copa. 11. evTevdev e^eXavvei araOp^ov^ rpeh Tvapa- 
 Gayya<^ rpiafcovra et? Kavarpov ireBcov, ttoXlv OLKovpevrjv. 
 evTavO ep^eivev r]pepa<; Trevre' Kac rot? o-rparccoTaLf; cocpeL- 
 XeTo /iiLa6o<i 'irXeov rj TpLwv p,r}vcov, Kat ttoXXukl'^ LovTe<i eiTL 
 ra? 6vpa<; aTrrjrovv. o Be eX7rLBa<; Xeywv Birjye Kal Br]Xo(; 
 Y]v avi(ofj,evo<;' ov yap rjv tTjOO? rov Kvpov rpoirov eyovra 
 
6 Expedition of Cyrus the Younger. [Xex. 
 
 yji] aiTohiZovai. 12. IviavQa d(f)iKi>6Lrai Kirva^a rj Xvev- 
 vecTLO^; yvvr) rov KcXckcov /SaatXeco^; rrapa Kvpov kul eXe- 
 yeTO Kvp(p SovvaL ')(^pri/jLaTa TroXXa. rrj 8 ovv arparca 
 TOT€ direhwKe Kvpo<; /juaOov reTTupcov /jltjvwv. et;^e Be rj 
 KlXtaaa kcll (f)vXaKa<; irept avrrfv KiXifca<; Kai Aairev- 
 Blow^ ' eXeyero Se Kac avyyeveaOai Kvpov rrj KtXiaay. 
 [ 13. evrevOev he e^eXavvec crTaOfiovi Bvo Trapaaayya^ BeKa 
 et? ©ufjb^pLov^ TToXiv OLKOV/JL6V7JV. evTavOa 7JV irapa rr]v 
 ohov KprjUT] 7] MiBou KaXovfjuevT] rov ^pvywv /SacrtXeo)?, 6<^ 
 y Xeyerao MiBa<^ rov Sarvpov Orjpevaai olvco Kepacra^ av- 
 Trjv. 14. evrevdev e^eXavvei arad/jLov^ Bvo 7rapacrayya<; 
 Befca et? Tvptalov^ ttoXlv OLfcov/jievrjv. evravOa efieivev 
 rjfiepa'^ rpel'^, kul Xeyerat Berjdrjvai, rj KiXcaaa Kvpov 
 eiriBel^aL to arparevfia avrrj • ^ovXofjuevo^i ovv eTrcBel^ait 
 e^eraaiv iroielrai ev too TreBio) twv EXXtjvcov /cat rcov ^ap- 
 jSupcov. 15. eKcXevae Be Tov<i EXXr]va<i, w? vo/jioq avrol^i 
 et? fiw^rjv, ovTQ) Ta'^Orjvai kul (TTrjvaL^ avvra^ai B CKaarov 
 Tovs eavTov, eTw^Orjaav ovv eirc TerTapwv • e^%e Be to fiev 
 Be^Lov Mevcov Kac ol ovv avro), to Be evwvu/JLOV KXeap'^o^ 
 KUL oL €Ketvov^ TO Be fxeaov ol aXXoL aTparrjyoc. 16. edeco- 
 pei ovv 6 Kvpo<; nrpwTOv fxev tou? ^ap^apov;* ot Be TrapT]- 
 Xavvov TerayixevoL Kar LXa<^ Kac Kara Ta^ei<^ • elra Be tou? 
 EXX7)va<;, 7rapeXavvo)v ecf) ap/JLaro^; kql t) KiXcaaa e(f) 
 ap/jLa/bba^T]^. €l')(^ov Be vrai^re? Kpavr) -^aXKa Kac "^iTCova^; 
 (f)oivLfcov<; Kac Kvr)/j.LBa<; koI ra? acnTiBa<i eKKeKaXv/iijiieva<i, 
 17. eiretBr) Be '7ravra<; TraprfKaae^ aTT]aa^ to ap/na rrpo t^9 
 (j>aXayyo<i /xearff;^ Trepi-y^a^; TltypTjTa tov epfirjvea irapa toi/? 
 <TTpaT7)yov<: Twv EXXrjvcov eKeXevcre Trpo^aXeaOac ra oirXa 
 Kac €'TTi')(wprj(jai bXrjv ttjv <f}aXayya. ol Be Tavra TrpoecTTOV 
 Tofc? aTpaTi(OTaL<i • Kac eTrec eadXiriy^e^ TrpofSaXXofjcevot ra 
 OTTA-a eiryeaav. eK oe tovtov uuttov TrpoiovTcov crvv Kpavyrj, 
 
Anab. 1, II.] Entrance into CiUcia. 7 
 
 airo Tov avTO/JLUTou opo/juo^ eyevero roL<; crTpartcoTat? e-rrc 
 Ta? <T/C7jvd<;. 18. tu)1^ Be ^apjSaponv cpo^oq ttoXv^, kul tj t6 
 KiKt(Taa e(f>vyev eirl r^? dpfjLafjba^7]<; Kav ot etc tt}? ayopd'i 
 KaraXL7r6vr6<; rd covia e^vyov • ot Se EWrjve^; avu yeXwrt 
 eirl ra? aK7]va<i rjXdov. r] he KiXicraa cBovaa rr)v XapiTrpo- 
 TTjra Kol TTjv rd^tv tov arpaTev/xaro^: eOavfiaae. Kvpo<; Be 
 TjaOrj TOV 6K TQiv ' EXXrjVcov et? tov<; l3ap/3apov<; <^o^ov uBoiv. 
 
 19. evTevdev e^eXavvec GTaOpiov<; rpet? irapaaayya'^ etKocLV 
 eU ^Ikovlov^ Trj<; ^pvyta^ ttoXlv ea-)(aTr]v. evTavOa e/ieLve 
 Tpe6<? rjfjL€pa<i. evievdev e^eXavvei Bua ttj^ AvKaovia<^ araS- 
 /Ltof? TTEvTe 7rapaaayya<i TpiaKOVTa. TavTTfv ti]v '^copav 
 eireTpe-^e StapTraaat to2<; EXXtjctlv co? TroXefxiav ovaav, 
 
 20. evTevdev Kvpo'^ ttjv KcXtaaav et? ttjv KiXtKuav airo- 
 TTe\iTrei ti]v TW^tcrTrjv oBov kul ovverrepb-^ev avry aTpaTtw 
 TO.? ov<; Mei'wv et^e Kac avTov. Kupo<; Be jieTa twv aXXcov 
 e^eXavvei Bca Ka7r7raBoKca<; GTaOpbov^ rerTapa? irapaaay- 
 ya? euKoat Kau rrevTe irpo^ nava^ ttoXlv OLKov/uLevrjv, yu-eya- 
 Xrjv Kai evBat/uLova. evTavOa e/ieivav r)/jLepa<; Tpet?* ev o) 
 Kvpo<i aireKjeLvev avBpa TIepar]v Meya(pepvr]v, (poivLKtaTrjv 
 ^aaoXetov^ Kai kiepov Ttva twv u7rap')(^cov Bvvaarr)v, acTta- 
 aa/xeuo^ eirL^ovXeveiv auTco. 21. evTevOev eireipuiVTO eicT' 
 l3(iXXeLv €69 Tj]v KiXiKcav • tj Be eta^oXi] rjv oBo<; d/jba^LTo<i 
 opuia tcr^fpct)?, kul (ifxr]^avo<; etaeXuebv aTparevfiaTL ei rt? 
 eKOiiXvev. eXeyero oe Kau Zvevveai<^ eivau eiru tcov atcpwv 
 (puXuTTcov Tr]v eLa/SoXrjv ' Bco efietvav i]/jL€pav ev tco 7TeBb(p.\ 
 TJ) B vaTepaca rjKev dyye\o<^ Xeywv otl XeXoL7rco<^ eur} Xvev- 
 V€ai<i Ta aKpa^ eireo rjaOeTo otl to Mev(ovo<; aTpuTeufia rjBrj 
 ev KiXLKLa rjv eicrw tcov opecov, Kau ort TpLr]peL<; rjKove Trept- 
 TrXeouQ-a'^ air I(i3vua<; et§ KiXcKoav Tafiwv eyovTa Ta<i Aa- 
 KeBaifMOvtoyv kgl avTov Kvpov. 22. K.vpo<i B ovv ave^r) 
 eiTL Ta oprj ovBevo<i k(i)Xvovto<;^ Kai elBe Ta'^ a/cr}va<i ov o* 
 
8 Expedition of Cyrus the Younger. [Xen. 
 
 KL\ifC€<; ecpvXarrov. evrevOev Se Kare^atvev et? irehiov 
 jjueya kol koXov^ eiTippvTOV^ Kai SevSpcou iravTOoairoiv avfi- 
 TrXecov Kat ufjurekwv ttoXv Be kul o-rjaa/uLOv /cat fxekivrjv kul 
 K€'y)(^pov Kat irvpov^ kul Kpiua<; (pepet. opo<; 6 avTO nrepL- 
 eyei oyvpov Kat yy^rfkov Travrrj €k 6d\(mr}<i et? OaXarrau. 
 
 23. KaTal3ci<; Se 8ui tovtov tov ttcSlov rfXaae crraOfxov^i 
 TeVrapa? 7rapaauyya<; irevre Kai ecKoaLV et? Tapaov<;, r^? 
 KcXtKLa(; iToXiv /lejaXiju kul evSatfiova. evravda rjaav ra 
 J!v€vv6ato<; ^aatXeta tov KlXlkwv ^aaCXeca* Sta fiecrov Se 
 T?7? TToXeco's pel 7totu/jLO<; KvBvoi^ ovofia^ €vpo<; Buo irXeOpwv. 
 
 24. ravTrjv t7)i; itoXlv e^cXiTrov oi evoiKovvre^ /mera ^vevve- 
 GLO<^ 6i? ')((jL)piOV o-)(ypov 67TL Ta opT), TTXrjv 01 Tu KaiTrfXela 
 €'^ovT€<; ' efxeivav he kql ol irapa rriv OaXarrav oLKovvre'^ 
 ev X6\oi<^ Kol ev laaol^;. |_25. Eirva^a he r) Xvevveaio^ 
 yvvq irpoiepa rs^vpov ireuTe ijiJiepai<^ et? i apaov<; acptfceTO • 
 ev he rff vTrep^oXj) twv opewv twv 6t? to irehiov hvo Xo- 
 yof, rov Mcv(ovo<; crTparevfiaTO^; uttcoXovto • ot fiev e<paaav 
 dpira^ovra^ re KaraicoiTrjvai viro rcov KcXtKWV^ oi he V7ro~ 
 XfL^Oevja^ Kai ov hwafjuevovi evpeuv to aXXo cTrparev/jLa 
 ovhe Ta? oSof? elra irXavcofievov^ airoXeaOaL' rjcrav h ovv 
 ovTot eKaTOv oTrXlrat. 26. ot h aXXot eiret ifKov^ Trfv re 
 itoXlv lov^ Tapaov^ hirip'Traaav^ hca rov oXedpov rcov 
 crvcrrpaTicoTcov opjL^ofzevoL^ Kat ra /Sao-iXeta ra ev avrrj. 
 Kvpo<i he eirei eio-ifXaaev et? rifv ttoXlv^ jiereTrepirreTO rov 
 Xvevveaiv irpa eavrov ' 6 h ovre rrporepov ovhevt ttco 
 Kpeirrovi eavrov et? '^etpa'; eXuecv ecprj, ovre rore l\.vpM 
 levai tjueXe^ rrpiv r] yvvr} avrov eireiae Kat marei^ eXape. 
 2*7. fiera he ravra eiret avveyevovro aXXriXot^^ Suevveai^; 
 fxev eh(0K6 Kvpw 'y^prj/xara TroXXa et? rrjv crrpartav^ Kvpo<; 
 he eKetvw hwpa a vo/jbt^erat irapa /SaatXel rifita, tTrirov 
 -^pvao'^^dXtvov Kai, arpeirrov '^pvaovv Kat yjrtXta Kat attu'd' 
 
Anab. 1, III.] Speech hy Clearchus, 9 
 
 KtrfV '^pvaovi^ kuc aroXrjV IIepaLKi]v^ Kai tijv '^copav firjKtri 
 d(f)ap7ra^ea6aL' ra Se ripiraafxtva avSpuTToBa, i]v ttou ev' 
 
 Ill, EvravOa ejicive Kvpo<i icau t] arpajia 7]fxepa<i eu- 
 KO(TLV' OL jap aTparccoraL ouk ecpaaav ievat rov Trpoaco' 
 VTTWTnevov 'yap rjBr] eiri ^aaiKea levai' jJna-QcoOr^vaL Se ovk 
 €7rl TOVTO) 6(f)aaav. 7rp(oro<i Be KXeap^o^; tou? avrov arpa- 
 Ttayra^ elSia^ejo Levai' ol Be avrov re e^aWov koc ra utto- 
 ^vyta ra e/ceivov, eiret rjp^aTO irpo'ievaL. 2. K\eap')(o<^ Be 
 Tore fiev jJbtKpov e^€(f)vye fiT] KaTaTrerpwdrivai.^ varepov B, 
 eirel eyvco ore ov Bwriaerao ^cacraadai,^ avvrjjajev eKKXr/- 
 Gtav Tcov avrov arparicorcov. Kat, irpwrov jjbev eBaKpve 
 iroXvv ')(^povov eara)<i' ol Be opuvre'^ eOavfxa^ov KaL eaLO)- 
 ircovelra Be eXe^e roLahe. 3. AvBpe<^ arpancoraL, firj 
 6av flayer e otl ')(^aXe7r ci)<; cf^epco rol'i irapovai irpaypiaaLV. 
 efjLoi, yap ^evo<; Kvpo<; eyevero /caL fie (pevyovra etc rrj<; Tra- 
 tplBo<; ra re aXXa en/xTjae Kat, {ivpLov^ eBcoKe BapeLKou<;' 
 ou? eyco Xa^cov ovk et? to lBlov KareOepbrjv efjUOL aXX ovBe 
 KadrjBvTraOrjaa, aXX et? vijLa<i eBarravwv. 4. Kai vpcorou 
 /lev TTpo<; rov^ ©paKa<i eTroXefMrjaa, KaL vrrep rrj<; EXXaBo<; 
 erL/jLcopov/jLTjv jxed v/ulcov, eK tt}? Xeppovriaov avrov^ e^eXav- 
 vwv l3ovXofjLLVov<i ui^aLpelaOai rou? €VOLKovvra<; EXX7]va<^ 
 irjv yrjv. eireLBr] Be Kvpo<; eKaXet, Xa(3(ov vfia,'^ erropevo- 
 fjirjv, Lva eL ri Beoiro oxpeXoLTjv avrov avd ojv ev erraOov 
 V17 eKecvov. 5. eirec Be u/xet? ov jSovXeade crv/jLiropeveadaL, 
 avayKT] Br] pbOL r) v/ia^i irpoBovra rrj Kvpov (pLXia '^prjcrdac 
 Tj 7rpo<; eKelvov -^evaapbevov fieO v/xcov Levai. cl fiev Br] 
 
 LKaLa 7roL7](TQ) OVK OLoa^ aLpr](TOfjLaL o ovv i/yLta? KOL aw 
 VfXLV o rL av Ber] ireLaofiaL. KaL ovirore epel ovBe\<i a>? eyco, 
 
 EXXr)va<; ayaycov et? tou? (Sap/Sapov^;, tt^oSou? tou? ' EX- 
 Xrjva<; ttju tcov ^apffapcov (piXLau elXo^rjv. 6. aXX eirel 
 
10 Expedition of CyriiB the Younger, [Xen. 
 
 Ty/xeZ? e/xot ovK eOeXere TreiOeadac ovSe eireaOaL, eyco avv 
 v/jLli' e^jrofjiaL kul b rt ai/ 8er; rreiao/jLao. vo/jLL^w yap v/ia<i 
 e/jLOL elvat kuc TrarpiSa kul (pcXov<; kul avfipLW^^ov^^ Kat gvv 
 vfuv fiev av ol/jiai, elvau iLfXLo^ oirov av co^ v/jlcoi/ 8e eprjfiof; 
 (ov OVK av LKavo<i elvau oifiac ovr av (f)L\ov (iX^ekrjaaL ovr 
 av €^6pov aXe^aoOai. ft>? efxov ovv lovto<; otttj av Kai v/jL€l^, 
 
 OVTCO TT^y <yV(0fM7]V €'^€T€. 7. TUVTU eLTTeV Oh Se (TTpaTlCO- 
 
 rau oi re avrov eKetvov Kau ot aXKoi ravra aKOvaavre'^, on 
 ov (pair] irapa ^aaiXea Tropeveadac, eiryveaav irapa he He- 
 VLov Kai IIacno)vo<; TrXetoi;? t] hid'^LXLOi Xa^ov7e<i ra oirXa 
 Kau ra <JKevo<popa earparoTreBevaavTO irapa KXeap'^w. 
 8. Kvpo<i Be TOUTot? aTTopcDv re koI Xvirov/jLevo^i jxeieTrep,- 
 irero rev KXeap^ov • 6 Se levai fiev ovk r]6eXe, XaOpa Se 
 Tcov aTpaTtcoTCov Tre/jbTTcov avro) ayyeXov eXeye dappelv cos: 
 KaraaT7]aofjLevQ)v tovtcov et? to Beov • fjueTairefnTeadai h 
 CKeXevev avrov avro^ B ovk €(f)r) cevac. 9. puera Be ravra 
 avvayaycov rov<; 6 eavrov arparcwra^i Kat tou? irpoaeX" 
 6ovra<; avra> Kat rcov aXXav rov BovXafxevov. eXe^e roiaBe. 
 AvBpe^ arpariwrai, ra pikv Br) Kvpov BrjXov on ol'to)? ^%et 
 TT^o? 7]/jLa<; oxjirep ra "qperepa irpo'i eKelvov ovre yap ryyuet? 
 €K6tvov en crrparioarai^ eirei, ye ov avve7ropbe6a avroy^ ovre 
 eKeivo^ en rjfiLV p.La6oBor7]<;. , 10. on /iievroc aBiKeiaOai, 
 vo/nL^ei vcf) r/ficov olBa ' cocrre Kac fieraTre/jLiropLevov avrov 
 OVK eOeXto eXOelv, ro pev peyicrrov aLa')(yvopevo<; on avv- 
 oiBa e/jLavra> iravra e^^evapevo^ avrov, CTrecra Kac SeStco? 
 pLT] \a/3(i)v fxe Blktjv eiriOr] dyv vopu^eu vir epuov i^BiKyaOat,. 
 11. epoL ovv BoKel ov^ copa elvai rjplv KaOevBetv ovB ayue- 
 Xeiv ripwv avrwv^ aXXa ^ovXeveaOai b n ')(pr) TTOcelv €k 
 rovrcov. Kat e&)9 re puevopev avrov crKeirreov pot BoKel 
 eivai oTTfOf; aacfiaXearara pevcopev, eo re rjBrj BoKet aTrievac, 
 o7rco<i a(T(j)a\earara airipuev Kac ottw? ra einrriBeLa e^opev 
 
Anab. 1, III.] Speeches hy the Soldiers, 11 
 
 avev fyap rovrcov ovt€ arpari^yov ovre lSlcotov 6(f)€\o<; ov- 
 hev. , 12. S aviip ttoWov fjuev a^co<i c^tA-o? o) av (f)L\o<i 
 fj, '^a\€TT(t)raro<; o e^upo<; o) av 7roX€fico<; 17, e^ec oe 
 Suva/uLiv Kat ire^r^u kul iTnrtKJjv kul vavTL/crjv 7]v iravre^i 
 6/jLol(i)<; opwfiev T€ Kac eTricrra/jLeda • Kac <yap ovBe Troppay 
 BoKov/jLev jjboi avTov KaOrjadai. cocrre copa Xeyeiv 6 re xi? 
 ytyvcocTKeL apiarov elvai. lavra euircov eiravaayo. 13. e'/c 
 oe TovTov aviajavTO ot, fxev eK tou auro/jbdjov, Xe^0PTe<i 
 a eytjvoiaKOv^ Ob he Kau vtt €k6Lvov eyKeXevaroi, eiroSet- 
 KvuvT€<i oia €crj r) airopta avev t?}? Kvpov jvcofiTjf; Kac fxevetv 
 Kai uTTcevac. 14. eh 8e Bi] elire, irpoairotovfievo'^ airevheiv 
 «9 TayjLG'Ta iropeveaQai et? tt^i^ EWaSa^ arparrjiyov^ fzev 
 eXeaOab aXXov<; «? Ta'^uara, eu /jltj fiovXerai KXeap^o<; 
 aTTwyetv ra 8 eTTLrrjBec ajopa^eadaL' tj B ayopa r)v ev 
 Tft) /Sap^apiKO) arpareufjiari' Kai crvcTKevu^eaOaL' eXdovra^; 
 Be Kvpov aireiv irXola^ o)? diroTrXeocev' eav Be firj BcBci) 
 rai/Ta, r]ye/jiova atretv Kvpov ocrrt? Bia (pcXiaf; t?}? '^wpa'; 
 ajra^ef ] eav Be fxrjBe ijyep^ova BlBo), owTdrreaOai rrjv 
 Ta-^iaTTjv^ irefMy^at Be Kac 'TTpoKaTaX7]-\^o[jbevov<^ ra oLKpa^ 
 OTTO)? fiT] (f)9acrco(7L /jbr]re Kvpo<i fit^re ol K/Xi/ce? KaraXa^dv- 
 Te?, o)v 7roX,Xou<? kul ttoXXu '^prjfiara e^ofjiev avripiraK0Te<^. 
 ovTo<^ fMev Toiavra elire' jjberd Be rovrov KXeap^o<^ elire 
 70(Tovrov. 15. /i? fiev ar parity r]aovTa efxe ravTrjv t7]v 
 (nparrjycav /jajBetf; vficov Xeyerco' TroXXd yap evopw Bl a 
 efioc TovTo ov iTOirjreov' a)<^ Be tco avBpi, ov av eXijcrde nrei- 
 tTo/jLai f) Bvvarov /JbaXtara^ ova eiBrfre otl kol dp^eaOaL eiri- 
 cnafiat co? Ti? Kat aXXo^ fiaXiara avOpwirwv. 16. fxera 
 TovTov aXXo^ avecTTT], eiriBei/cvvi fiev ttjv evrjOecav rov ra 
 irXoia airelv KeXevovro^;, oyairep iraXiv rov aroXov Kvpov 
 TTotov/ubevov, eiT iBeLKVv<^ Be ro<^ evri9e<^ eorj I'lyeixova atretv irapa 
 rovrov (o Xv/jtatvo/xeda rrjv irpd^tv. et Be Kat rd> tjyefiovk 
 
12 Expedition of Cyrus the Younger. [^StEN. 
 
 TTLo-revcro/JLev oi> av Kvpo<i SiSco, tl kcoXvcl Kau ra atcpa Vifxlv 
 KeXeveiv Kvpou 7rpoKara\a/x/3ap€iv ; , 17. eyco yap O'cvoltjv 
 fjL6p av et? TO. irXola epb^atveiv a tjiilv hoirj^ /jlij 7]fia<i avTol^ 
 Tat? rpirjpeai KaraBvar]^ (po/SoL/jLTjv B av tco rjje/iovi, w Bolij 
 eTreddaiy fjurj rjfiaf; ayayr) bOev ov^ olov re earac e^eXOelv 
 ^ov\ol/jL7]v S av aKOVTO<; uttlcov Kvpov Xadecv avrov uireX- 
 6(ov' b ov hvvarov eariv. aW eyw <f)7]/uLt ravra fiev cf)Xv- 
 apia^ elvac 18. SoK6i Be fJiot avhpa<; eX6ovia<; Trpo^ Kvpov 
 0LTCV6<; eTTirriBeiot aw KXeapyw epwiav eKelvov ri /SovXerai, 
 ijIxLv '^pyjadac Kau eav fiev rj iTpa^L<; y irapaTrXrjaia oLairep 
 Kat irpoaOev e'^prjTO rot^ ^evoi^^ kireaOai Kau ')]/xa<; kul /jlt] 
 KaKLOv<^ elvat, tcov irpoaOev rovrw crvvava^avTCOv 19. eav 
 Be /jLei^cov rj irpa^i^; tt}? irpoadev cpatvrjTai, Kat eiTLirovcoTepa 
 Kat eTTLKLvovvoTepa, a^touv r) iretaavTa 7]jjia'i ayeiv rj Trec- 
 oBevra tt/oo? ^lXluv a(pievaf ov7CO yap Kac eirofjievoi av 
 (jiiXoL avT(p Kat irpoOvixOi eTroc/Jieda, kqi aTrtovTe^ aa(f)aXco<^ 
 av aTTLot/JLev 6 Tt B av tt^o? ravra Xtyi] avayyelXai Bevpo* 
 TjfjLCL'i B aKovaavra^ Trpof; ravra ^ovXeveaOai. 20. eBo^e 
 ravra, Kat avBpa<; eXofievot (Jvv KXeap-^w mrepLirovatv ot 
 rjpcorcov Kvpov ra Bo^avra ry arparta. o B aireKpivaro 
 art aKovet A/SpoKo/utav e')(6pov avBpa eirt rw Ev(ppar7) tto- 
 rafjicp etvat, a7re')(ovra BcoBeKa <jra6fjiOV<^' 7rpo<s rovrov ovv 
 ecj^T] ^ovXeaOat eXOelv • Kav fxev y eKel, rr]v BtKr]v ecf)?] 'XPy- 
 Qetv eTTiuetvat avrco, rjv Be ^evyr], y/btet<^ €Ket tt^o? ravra 
 povXevao/xeOa. 21. aKovaavre^ Be ravra ot atperoi avay- 
 yeXXovat Tot? arpari(jorat<; * T0t9 Be viroyfrta fjuev 7]v ori 
 ayet tt^o? /SaaiXea, o/xco'i Be eBoKet eireaOat. irpoaatrovat 
 he p^tauov Be Kvpo^ v7rt(T')(vetrat rj/jitdXtov rraai Bcvaetv 
 ov Trporepov ecf^epov, avrt BapeiKov rpta i]p.tBap€tKa rov /jltj- 
 vo^i rep arpartcorrj- ort Be e'lrl /SacrtXea ayot ovBe evravOa 
 TjKovaev ovBeh ev ye ra) (j}avepa>. 
 
AxAB. 1, IV.] Arrival of the Ship^. 13 
 
 IV. KvTevOev e^eXavvet, araO/jLov; Bvo 7rapaaayya<; 
 Be/ca errl top Wapov TTOTa/jioi/, ov rjv to evpos rpca irXeOpa. 
 €V7ev6ei> e^eXavvei o-raO/jiOii eva irapacrayya'^ Trevre eirc rov 
 JJvpajjLov TTora/jiOi', ov to ey^o? aTahiov. evT€v6ev e^eXav- 
 V€L arradfiov^; Suo Trapaaayya<i TrevTeKaiBeKa et? Ictctol'?, 
 rrj^ KiXifcia^i ea-^aTriv ttoXlv eiro tyj daXuTTj) oncovfievTjv^ 
 fjbeyaXrjv Kat evSaifiova. 2. evravOa €fji€Lvav i]fjbepa^ Tpel^ • 
 KOL Kvpcp nraprjcTav au etc TleXoTrovvrjaov vrje'^ TptuKOVTa Kac 
 nrevTe kol eir afxat? vavap'^o<; iTu^ayopa? AafC€Baifxouio<i. 
 rjjeLTO S avTa2<; Tafioi'^ AcyvTrTLO'^ e^ E^eaov, e^wv vav<=i 
 hepa^ Kupov irevTe Kac euKoaiV^ aU eiroXLopKeL MlXtjtou, oTe 
 Ti,aaa(f>epv€t cpiXrj tjv^ Kac avveiToXefxei Kvpa> Trpo<; avTov. 
 1 3. Traprjv he kol XetpLao<po<^ AaKeBaLfiovLo<i eirl ru>v vecov, 
 /jLeTaTre/jLTTTO^ vtto Kvpov, eTTTaKoauov^ ^X^^ 07rXi,Ta<;, d)i/ 
 eaTparriyeL irapa Kvpo). at de vrje^ cop/JLovv irapa ti]V Kv~ 
 pov GKTjvriv. evravOa Kat ol nrap A(3poKopLa ixLa6o(^opoL 
 "EXX7]V6<; aTro(JTavTe<^ tjXOov irapa Kvpov Terpa/coaLOt- ottXI- 
 rau Kau avveaT parevovTo evrt /SacrtXea. 4. evTevOev e^e- 
 Xavvet aTaO/jiOV eva 7rapacr(iyya<^ Trevre ein iTvXa<^ ttj^ 
 KcXiKLa^; Kau ttj^ "^vpua^. rjaav he TavTa Svo t6l^7]^ Kac 
 TO jxev eacodev to rrpo Trj<; KLXtfcia^ ^vevv6cn<; el-^e Kac 
 KlXlkcov (jivXa/cr], to Be e^co to irpo tt}? ^vpLa<; j3aoiXe(o<^ 
 eXeyeTo cpvXaicj] (puXaTTetu. Blu fieaou Be pei tovtwv tto- 
 TafjiO'i Kapao<i ovofjia^ evpo^; TrXedpov. arrav Be to fieaov 
 rcov Tet-^wv rjaav aTuBcoo rpet? • kul irapeXOeiv ovk tjv ^lo.' 
 rjv yap rj TrapoBo^ CTTevr} Kat tu Tecyrj et? rrjv OaXaTTav 
 KadrjKouTa, vTrepOev B rjaav TreTpai rjXl^aToi' ein Be Tol<i 
 rei^eatv a/x0oT€pot9 e(^et(TTr]K:eaav nrvXat. 5. TavTr]<^ kveica 
 rrjf; TrapoBov Kvpo<^ Ta<^ vav<=; /i-ereTreft-v^aTo, otto)? OTrXcTa^ 
 aiTo^L/SaaeLev ecaco /cat e^o) tcou ttvXwv, Kac ^uaaaiievoL 
 Tou? TToXefxiov^ TrapeXOoiep, ei cpvXaTTOLev erri TaU Xvpiac<^ 
 
14 Exjoedition of Cyrus the Younger, [Xen. 
 
 TTfXafc?, OTrep coe-ro TroLrjcrecv o Kvpo<; top A^poKOfiav, 
 e'^ovra ttoXv crTparevfia. A,8poKo/j,a<; Be ov rovr eiroir)- 
 aev^ aXX! eVet yjKOvae Kvpov ev KcXifcca ovra^ avaa7pey\ra<^ 
 e'/c ^otvLfCT)'; nrapa jSaaiXea aTnfKavvev, e^ooj/, co? eXeyero, 
 rpLuKovTa fu,vpiaBa<^ arparLa<i. 6. evrevBev e^eXavvet Bia 
 ^vpia<; araOfihu eva rrrapaaayya'^ irevje ei^ MvpLUvSov, 
 ttoXlv oIkov ixev7]v vtto *PoiviK(ov eiTV rrj OaXarrr)' efiTropiov 
 h r)V TO '^wpiov KUL copfJiovv avroOt, oXKaS€<; iroXXac. 
 
 7, evravO efieLvav 7j/uLepa<; eirra' Kau 'Eevia^ 6 ApKa^i 
 arpaTr}<yo<^ Kau UaaLCDv o Meyapev^ eyLt/Sai^re? et? irXoiov 
 Koi Til TrXecaTov a^ia evOcfxevoi aTreTrXevaav, co? fMev rot? 
 irXelaroL^ eSoKOVv, cj)LXoripL7]6evT€(; otl tou? arparioiTa^ av' 
 Twv rov<i irapa KXeap'^ov aireXvovTa^ co? amovTa'i ei? Tr)u 
 
 EXXaBa ttoXlv Kau ov irpo'; jSaaiXea eta Kvpo<i jov KXe- 
 apyov €'^€LV. eirec h rjaav acf^avet^;, BirjXOe Xoyo<; otl Blco- 
 KOI avT0v<; Kvpo<i Tpiripecn' Kac ol /nev ev^ovTO w? ZeiXovi 
 ovTa^i avTOVi X7](^6r)vai^ oh h cpKTeipov et aXoyaotvTO. 
 
 8. Kvpo<; Se ovyKaXeaas; tou? aTpaT7)<yov(; elirev. Airo- 
 XeXoLiraatv rjfia^ aevla^ Kai UaaLwv. aXX ev ye fievTOi 
 eTTLaTaaOcoaav otl ovt6 uTrohehpaKacnv' olBa yap ottt) oLyov- 
 TaL' ovT€ d'TToiT€<^evyacnv' e^o) yap TpL7]peL^ 0)aT€ eXelv 
 TO etceivwv irXolov aXXa pLa Tov<i Oeov; ovk eycoye avTov<i 
 Slco^o), ouS' epec ouSek <w? e^yo) eo)? fMev av irapfj tl<; XP^~ 
 pLttL, CTreiBav Be aTTLevaL ^ovXt/tul, avXXa/Scov kul avTov<i 
 KaK(jL>^ ir0L(O KaL tu yprifiaTa aTroavXo), aXXa lovtcop, 
 eLBoTe<; OTL KUKLOv; eiaL irepL rjfji.a<i rj rj/nea irepL €KeLVOv<;. 
 KULTOL e^co ye avTwv KaL TCKva kql yvvaLKa<; ev TpaXX€(rL 
 (f)povpovfi€va' aXX ovBe tovtcov crT€p7]aovTaL^ aXX utto- 
 X^jylrovTUL T17? irpoaOev kvcKa irepL efxe apeTrj<i. 9. KaL 
 fjLev TavTa eWev* ol Be KXXrjveq, €L rt? KaL aOv^oTepo^i ijv 
 Trpo^ TTjV ava^acTLV^ aKOvovTe<^ tt^i^ Kvpov apeTi]v tjBlov Kau 
 'TrpoOvpi.oTepov avveTropevovTo, 
 
Anab. 1, IV.] Heal Object of the Expedition. 15 
 
 M.6Ta raina Kvpo<; e^e\aui'6L arad/xov^ rerrapa^ irapa- 
 <Tayya<; ecKoacv ein tov XaXov Trorafxov, ovra to evpo^ 
 TrXeOpov, TrXriprj 8 l')(6vu3v /xeyaXcov Koi irpaeaiv^ oi)? ol 
 XvpoL deov<i evofJLL^ov Kac ahuceiv ovk clcou, ov8e ra^: irepi- 
 (TT6pa<^. at he KOifiau ev al<i eaKTjvovv IIapvaariBo<; '^aap, 
 et? ^(Dvrjv SeBo/jievai. 10. evrevOev e^eXavvei aradfxov^ 
 Treine irapaaayya'^ rpuifcovra eiri, ra^ Trrjya'i rov ZJapoaro? 
 'TTorafjiov, ov to evpo<^ irXeOpov. evravOa rjaav tu BeXe- 
 cfo? /SacnXeia tov XvpLa<^ ap^avTO'i, kul TrapaheLcro<^ ttuvv 
 /Lteya? Kat KaXo<^^ ^X^^ iravTa oaa copat (l>vovcTt. Kvpo<^ B 
 avTOv e^eicoy^e kol tu ^acnXeta KUTeKavaev. 11. evTevdev 
 e^eXavvei aTaO/xov^ Tpel<; irapacrayya<^ TrevTeKacBe/ca eirl 
 rov lLv(ppaT7]v iroTafjuov, ovTa to evpo^; reTrapcou cTTaoLcov 
 Kat TToX-t? avToOi wtcelTO fieyaXr] Kat evBaiuwv Say^atco^ 
 ovoi^aX evTavOa e/juecvav 7]/j.epa<i irevTe' kol Kvpo<; fxera- 
 Tre/xylrufievo^ Tov<i aTpaT7]yov<^ tcov EXXrjvcov eXeyev ore rj 
 oBo<i eaoLTO irpo^ jSaaiXea (xeyav €l<; Ba/3v\cova' kol ke- 
 \evei, afTou? Xeyetv Tavra roi? arpariwrai^i Kat avaTreiOeiv 
 eireaOaL. 12. ol Be 7rocr]aavre<; eKKXrjcTLav arrriyyeXXov 
 ravTa' ol Be arpaTLwruL e-)(aXeTraLvov rot? <JTpaT7]yol<;^ koI 
 e^aaav avTov^ iraXaL ravr eLBoTa<; KpvirreLv^ kclI ovk ecpa- 
 aav cevac, eav /jlt] rt? avTol'^ p^p77/-taTa BlBq), coairep rot? 
 TTpoTepoL'^ fjLera Kvpov ava/Sacrc irapa tov iraTepa rov Kv- 
 pov, KaL ravTa ovk eiTL pLa^rjv lovtcov, aXXa KaXovvro^ tov 
 7raTpo<; Kvpov. 13. ravra ol ctt parity ol Kvpcp aTrrjyyeX- 
 Kov* o u7recr^6TO avopL eicaaTW owcreLV ttevte apyvpcov 
 liva<; €7rr)v et? Ba^vXiova tjkoctl, KaL rov fiLadov evTeXrj 
 I^^XP'' "^ KaTaaTr\(Tr) tov<; EXXrjva^; et? Icovtav ttoXlv. to 
 piev Brj TToXv tov KXXrjvLKOv ovrco^ eTretaOrj. Mevcov 8e, 
 TrpLv BrjXov ELvaL tl TroLrjaovaLV ol clXXol CTTpaTLcoTaL, ttote- 
 pov eyjrovTaL Kvpcp rj oh, avveXe^e to avrov arpuTevfia 
 JX^pf'^i '^^v aXXcov KaL eXe^e TaBe. 14. ' AvBpe<^, eav jjlol 
 
16 Expedition of Cyrus the Younger. [Xen. 
 
 7r€ia6r)re, ovre KivhvvevaavJ €<; ovre irovy^aavTe'^ tojv aWcov 
 irXeov TrpoTLfjLT^aeaOe arpartcoTcov vtto Kvpov. tl cvv k6- 
 \€V(D TTOirjaat ; vvv helrai Kvpo<; eTreaOai tou? EWrjva^i 
 cttI fiacrcXea' ejco ovv ^rifii vfxa^i '^prjvai Sca/SrjpaL rov Ev- 
 ^paTTjV TTora/jLOU irpiv BrjXov elvai o n ot aWoL EWr)v€<; 
 aiTOKpivovvTai Kvpw. 15. rjv jiev yap '\\r7](pLawvTai eire- 
 crdai^ v/jL6l<^ So^ere airioL elvai ap^avT6<; tov Bia/Sacvetv, kuc 
 <W9 irpoOvfioraroL'^ ovaiv v/juv %"/3t^' eiaerai Kvpo^; kul utto- 
 Bcoaet' €7TcaTaTaL B ei rt? Kac aWo^' tjv h a7roy^7)(^La(ov- 
 rat ol aXXoL, airiixev fiev (nravre<i TovinraXiv^ v/xlp Be &)? 
 lxovoL<^ TreiuojuevoL^; 7riaT0TaT0L<; '^prjaeTac kul ei? (ppovpia 
 Kol 66? \o')(^a<yLa<;, kql aXKov ovtlvo<^ av BeTjaOe olBa on oi? 
 (f)iXov T€v^ea 06 Kvpov. 16. aKovaavre^ ravra eTreiOovro Kav 
 Bie/Srjaau irplv rov^ a\\ov<; airoKpivaaOai. Kvpo^; B eiret 
 rjaOero Bia/Se/SrjKOTa^^ rjaOr] re Kat tu> aTparev/uLarL irepiy^a^ 
 TXovv ecTTev, ^Eyco fiev, co avBpe^;^ ^Bt] vfxa'^ eiraLvco' oirco^ 
 Be KCil ufjuel'^ 6/Lte eTraiveaere e/mot fxeXriaei^ t] /xrjKtTL fie Kv- 
 pov vofjii^eT6. 17, oi fiev Br] arparLcoraL ev eXTrtai fieya- 
 Xai<^ ovre<^ evyovro avrov evTV^rjaai, Mevcovt Be kul Bcopa 
 eXeyero Trefiylrat iieyaXoirpeirw'^. ravra Be irocrjaa'^ Bit' 
 paive' avvetTrero be Kat to aXXo arparevfjua avjo) airav. 
 KOL rtov Bia^aivovTOiv tov irora/xov ovBel<i e^pe^^V avco- 
 Tepo) TCDV fiaaTOiiv vtto tov irora/jbov. 18. ot Be SaylraKTjvoL 
 eXeyov ore ovttwttoO ovto<^ o iroTa/jLO'; Bia^aio<; yevono 
 nre^T] ei fir] Tore, aXXa ttXolol'^., a rore A^poKOfxa'^ Trpo'Cwv 
 KareKavcrev, cva /xt] Kvpo<; Bta^r/. eBoKec Br) deiov elvai, 
 Kat (Ta<f)co<; vTTO'^coprjaat tov iroTafiov Kvpw co? ^aauXev- 
 aopTL. 19. evTevOev e^eXavveu Bca T179 ^vpLa<; oTa6fjiov<i 
 evvea irapaaayya^ TrevTrjKovra' /cac acpLKVovvTac Trpo? rov 
 Apa^Tjv TTora/jLov. evTavda rjaav Kco/naL TToXXai, fieaTao 
 (TiTov Kac oLVQv. evTuvda efi6Lpav r)ixepa<^ Tpel<i Kai eireai- 
 
 TcaavTO. 
 
AxAB. 1, v.] The Desert of Arabia. 17 
 
 I "V.^EvTevdev k^eXavvei hia Tr]<^ Apal3ia<^,rov Evcppdrrjv 
 TTOTajjbOV €v Se^LOL 6^(ov,aTa6fiou<; eprnxov^ irevre irapaaay- 
 ya? TpKLKOvra kul irevTe. ev jovrw oe tm tottm )iu fiev rj 
 jfj irehiov airav 0fjLa\€<; oyairep OaXarra, ay^ivOtov he ttXtj- 
 pe?* et Se tl Kat aWo evrjv v\rj<^ ?/ ica\a/j.ov, cnravra rjaav 
 evwhrj coairep upcofMara' BevSpov B ovBeu evrjv. 2. Orfpta 
 he 'KavTola^ TrXelaroc ovol ayptoi,., ttoXXol he arpovOov ot 
 /jLeyaXoL' evrjaav he Kat rortSe? kqi hopKahe<;' Tavra he ra 
 urjpta OL tTTTret? evcoTe eocwKOp. Kat, ot /j.ev ovou^ eireu ri? 
 hicDKOL, irpohpa/jbovre^ ko-raaav iroXv yap rcov utttwv erpe- 
 ')(ov OcLTTov ' KUL ttuXlv, eiTei TrXTjata^otev oi lttttol^ ravrov 
 eTTocovv, Kat ovk rjv Xa^elv^ et /Jtr} htaaTavT€<; ot tTTirel^ Orj' 
 p(pev htahe^o/jLevot. ra he Kpea iwv dXtcTKO/JLevcov rjv irapa- 
 irXrjata rol^ eXac^etot^^ d'TraXcorepa he. 3. arpovOov he 
 ovhei<i eXa(3ev' ot he hta)^avre<; twv fmrewv ra^v eiravovro' 
 TToXu yap (iireaTrdro (pevyovaa., rot? /Ltev iroat hpofxcp, TaL<; 
 he irrepv^LV aopovaa ioairep Lcrrca) ')(po)/xei"r). rci^; he wtl- 
 8a? ai> Tt? Ta^L* avtcnrj, ecrrt Xapt^aveiv • Trerovrat yap 
 /Spa-^v (OdTrep irephtKe^ Kat Ta-)(y arrayopeuovcrt. rd he 
 Kpea auTcov rjhiara rfv. 4. iropevo/jtevot he htd TavTTj^; T17? 
 '^wpa<^ acj)tKvovvTat eirt tov MacTKav Trora/jbou^ ro evpo^^ 
 irXeOptalov. evravOa r]v iroXt^ ^PVl^V fJ'^ydXr], ovofxa h 
 avTTj Kopaayrr)' Trepteppetro h amrj vtto tov MaaKa kV' 
 kXo). eviavO eptetvav r^fiepa'^ Tpel<^ Kat eireatrtcyavTO. 
 5. evrevOev e^eXavvet araO/jtov^i epi]iJiov<^ rptcTKatheKa irapa- 
 Gayya<; evevqKOvra, tov EvippaTjjv iroTa/xov ev he^ca e^^wv., 
 Kat a(ptKvetTat eirt UuXa?. ev TovTOf^ Tot? aTad/jLo2<; iroXXa 
 Tcov vTTo^uytcov aircoXeTO viro Xt/iov • ov yap tjv ^o/3to? ovhe 
 aXXo ouhev hevhpov, aXXa yjrtXr) rjv cnraaa rj ^(copa ' ot he 
 €votKOVVTe<i ovov^ aXera<^ Trapa tov irora/jtov opvTTOVTe<^ Kat 
 irotovvTe^ et? Ba/SvXcova r^yov Kat eircoXouv, Kat avTayopa- 
 
n 
 
 18 Expedition of Cyrus the Younger, [Xen. 
 
 ^ovre<; alrov e^wv. 6. to 5e arpareu/Jia o atro? eireXiTre, ^ 
 /fat irpiaoOai ov/c rjv et, fjurj ev rrj AvSlo, ajopa ev Ta> Kv' 
 pov l3ap^apL/ca> TrfV kwttcOtjv dXevpwv rj oK^tTwv rerrapcou 
 uLjXwv. 6 he crt'vXo? Zwarau eina o^oXov<; kul tj/ullco/So' 
 Xiov ^ATTLKOVi' T) Be KaTTiOr] hvo ')(Oiviica<i AT7LKa<^ e')(o)p€U 
 Kpea ovv €adiovTe<^ ol crrparicoraL hceyLyvovro. 7, r}V he 
 Tovrcov Tcov araOfjbwv ov<i iravv /xaKpov^i rjXavvev^ oirore rj 
 nTpo<; vBcop ^ovXolto hiareXeaat, rj 7rpo<; ')(^lXov. kul Bt] TTore 
 GTevo')(Oi)pLa^ KCLL TrrjXov <^avevTO<i Tot? ayua^at? hvairopevTov, 
 tireaTrj o Kvpo<; avv Toc<i irepi avrov apioTOL^ kui evoai/jLo- 
 pearaTOL^i kul era^e TXovv Kau TlLjprjTa, Xa^ovra^ rov 
 ^apjSapcKov ar parol) ^ avveK^L^a^eiv ra? afia^a^. 8. eiret. 
 h ehoKOVv avTcp a^oXatco<i iroielv, ciXTTrep opyrj eKeXevae 
 Tou? Trept avrou ilepaa^ tou? KpaTicriov<; avveirtaTrevaai 
 Ta? dixa^a^. evOa hi] [lepo^ tl T179 evra^ta^; tjv deaaaaOau 
 pLyjravTef; yap TOf? iTop(^vpov<; Kavhvs ottov erf^ey e/catrrof; 
 e(7T77«-ft)9, i€i>TO IdGirep av Bpa/xoi Tt? Trept vcfcrj^; kql fiaXa 
 Kara Trpavov^ yrjXocjiov^ €^ov76<; tovtov<; re tov<; TroXureXet? 
 '^ncova's Kat ra? ttolklXu^ ava^vpiha^^ evioi he Kat orpeiT' 
 Tou? Trepc Tol<; rpa'^rjXoL'; kul -yjreXta Trept Tat? '^^epaLV ev- 
 6u<^ he crvv tovtol<; eiGirrihriaavT e^ et? rov tttjXov Oclttov t] 
 w? Tt? av (pero perecopov^; e^eicopiaav Ta? apa^a<;. H. to 
 he avpirav hrjXo'^ ifv Kvpo<^ co? (nrevhcov iraaav ri]v ohov 
 Kai ov hcarpL^fou birov pr) err lg lt lg pov eveKa rj Ttfo? aXXov 
 avaytcaiou e/cade^ero, vopt^cov^ ogw pev Oarrov tX6oc^ to- 
 GOVTO) airapaGKevorepw /3aGiXel payelGOai^ how he G')^oXaL- 
 repov, roGovrw rrXeov GwayecpeGOat (BaGuXel GrparevpLa. 
 Kat Gvvihelv h rfv rep irpoGeyovrt, rov vovv 7] /3aGLX€(D<; 
 i^PXn TrXrjdei fiev ^wpa<^ Kai avOpwirayv iG')(ypa ovgu, Tot? 
 he fxrjKeGi tcov ohwv Kat tm hieGTraGOai ra<; hvvap€t<; (igOc- 
 1*7/?, 6t Tt? oia rar^ewv rov rroXepov eiroieLTO* lO. irepav 
 
Anab. 1, v.] Quarrel of the Greek Troops. 19 
 
 he rov Ev<^parov irora/jbov Kara tou? epri/jLOv; (7Tad/jL0v<^ rjV 
 TToXi'^ 6vBaLfi(i)v Kol fjLeyciXT]^ ovofia he Xap/juavhr)' e/c rav- 
 T??? ol aTpaTLwrat yyopa^ov ra eTrLTrjheia, G'^ehLai'; hta^ac- 
 vovre^ (ohe. hic^Oepa^ a? ^I'^op aKewaa/j^ara eTTi/jLTrXaaav 
 yopTov Kovcpov, eura avvrjyov Kau avveaTrcov^ &)? pLT) airre- 
 adac tt}? Kap(f)Tj<^ to vhcop ' eirc rovrcov hie/Satvov Kai eXa/j,- 
 /3avov 7a eirirriheia, olvov le e/c T17? ^aXavov ireTroirj/jievou 
 T179 UTTO rov (f)oi,vLKO(; Kai alrov fM€Xcv7j<;* tovto yap tjv ev 
 TT) ywpa TrXeidTov. 11. afK^iXe^avTwv he tu evravOa iwv 
 T€ 70V M6V(s)vo<; <J7pa7L(07wv Kai 703V 70V K.Xeap'^ov, o 
 K\eap-)(o<i Kp{,va<; ahiicelv 70V 70V M6vcovo<i 7r\rjya<^ evefia- 
 Xev o he eXOcov Trpo? to eav7ov a7parevp.a eXeyev ukov- 
 01 (T7pa7L0)7aL e'xaXeiTai.vov Kau (opyLLpv70 La')^vpco<; 
 TO) KXeap')((o. , 12. tj7 he av7rj rj/jiepa KXeap^o<; eX6cov ein 
 rrjv hial3aatv 70v 7ro7a/jLov Kau eKel Ka7a(T Key^afxevo^ 7riv 
 ayopav, acpLTTTrevet em 7r]v eav70V aKrjvrjv hia 70v Meuo)- 
 vo^ a7pa7ev/j,a70fi aw oXcyoL^; Tot? jrepl av70V' Kvpo<; he 
 ovTTCD rfKev^ aXX e7t TrpoarjXavve' 7wv he Meucovof; 0-7 pa^ 
 TKOTcov ^vXa (T'^L^cov Tt?, ft)? elhe KXeapyov hLe\avvov7a, 
 ui-jcTi 7r) a^Lvrj' Kal ovto<; fxev av7ov rjixap7ev' aXXo^ he 
 Xluo) Kal aXXo<;, eura ttoXXol, Kpavyrj^; yevofjievrj<;. 13. 
 e K.a7a(pevyeL et? to eavTov a'7pa7evfjba, /cac evuvs irapay- 
 yeXXei et? 7a oTrXa' fcac 7ov<^ fiev 07rXi7a<; av7ov eiceXevae 
 fxelvai Ta? aaiTLha<^ 7rpo<^ 7a yova7a dev7a<;, auTo? he Xa- 
 ^a)v Tou? SpaKa^i Kat 70v<s tTTTrea?, oi rjaav av7(o ev tc5 
 <T7pa7eviJia7i TrXecovi rj 7e77apafcov7a, 70V7(ov he oc TrXel- 
 a70C GpaKe<i^ rfXavvev eirc tow? Meva>vo<;, coaT* eKetvov; 
 eK7r€7rXrj-^daL Kat av7ov M.evwva, Kau 7pe')(eLv eTrl 7a oirXa' 
 OL oe Kau e(77ao-av a7ropovv7e<^ 7(p 7rpayiJba7b. > 14. o be 
 IIpo^evo<^f €7V'^e yap va7epo<^ Trpocncov Kal 7d^t<; av7(X) eiro- 
 fievT] 703V 07rXi,70)v, evdv^ ovv et? to fieaov afi(f>o7epo}v aywv 
 
20 Exjjediiion of Cyrus the Younger, [Xen. 
 
 Weio ra oirXa kcu tSetro rod K\eap')(ov fjL7] iroielv ravra. \ 
 6 8' e^^aXeTrati^ef otl avrou oXljov Berjaavro^; KaraXevaOrj' J 
 vac irpao)'^ Xeyoi to avrov TraOo's, e/ceXevae re avTov etc rov 
 fieaov e^iaraadac. 15. €V tovtg) Be eirrjei kul Kvpo<; kql 
 eTTvOero to irpay/Jia • evdv^ S eXa^e ra iraXra 6t? Ta? 
 vetpa? KCii avv toI<; irapovac tu>v Tnarcov rjfcev eXavvwv et? 
 TO fieaov^ KOLL Xej€L raSe. 16. KXeap'^e /cac Ilpo^eve fcac 
 ol aXXoL ol 'nap6vT€^ E\Xr)ve<^^ ovfc bare b rt TroLelre. et 
 ryap TLva aXXr}Xoi<; fia^rjv avvay^ere, vofjLL^€T6 ev rySe ttj 
 rjfiepa Cfxe re KaraKeicoy^eGOai kul vfia^ ov iroXv epiov vcne- 
 pov KaKW<; jap tcov ij/jierepcov e')(ovT(DV Travre^; ovtol Of? 
 Spare ^ap/3apoL TroXefiicorepoL rjiiuv eaovjuL twv irapa ^acn- 
 Xel ovTwv. I'y. aKOvaa<^ ravra o KXeap'^o'i ev eavru) ejeve- 
 TO* Kai rravaafjievoL apcporepoi Kara '^copav euevro ra oirXa. 
 VI. Evrevdev irpoXovrwv e<^atvero c^vrj nrrrwv Kai ko- 
 7rpo<;' eiKa^ero B elvai o an^o'; w? Bccr^iXtcov ittttcov. 
 ovroi irpo'tovre^ eKaov Kai yCKov Kai ei ri aXXo '^prjai/jiov 
 Tjv. ^Opovra^ Be TIepari<; av7]p,y6vei re 7rpoar]Kcov ^aaiXei 
 Kai ra iroXe/jiia Xeyo/juevo'^ ev Tot? apiaroi<; Llepawv, eiri- 
 ^ovXevei Kvpcp, Kai rrpoaOev 7roXe/jLriaa<; KaraXXayei<; Be. 
 2. ovro<; Kvp(p elirev^ ei avrco Boirj irrrrea^ y^iXiov^^ on rov<; 
 rrpoKaraKaovra^ Irrrrea^ rj KaraKavoi av eveBpevaa<^ rj ^wv- 
 Ta? rroXXov^ avrcov eXoi Kai KcoXvcrete rov Koeiv emovra'^^ 
 Kai TTOirjaeiev ware fjirjTrore BvvaaOai avrov^ iBovra<; ro 
 Kvpov arparevfjia ^aaiXel BiayyelXai, tco Be Kvpw aKOV- 
 aavri ravra eooKei cocpeXi/jia eivai^ Kai eKeXevcrev avrov 
 Xa/ui/Saveiv fxepo^ rrap CKaarov rcov rjyefxovcov. 3. o S 
 Opovra<^, voiJbi<7a<; eroifjLov<^ elvai avrco rov^ irrrrea<^, ypa^ei, 
 eTTLcrroXrjv rrapa ^aaiXea on rj^oi e'^wv iirireaf; o)? av 
 Bvvrjrai rrXeiarov^' aXXa (ppacrai roi<; eavrov irrrrevcTLV 
 CKeXevev co? <^tXiov avrov vTToBe')(e(j6ai. ; evrfv Be ev rrj 
 
AxAB. 1, VI.] Trial of Oronfas. 21 
 
 €7ri(7To\y Koi T?7? TvpoaOev (^iKia^ v7T0fxvr]fxara kql Trtareco^. 
 TavTr)v TJju emaToXriv BiScoat maTOi av6pL^ co<; wero' o he 
 XufScov Kvpo) hihwatv. 4. avayvov^ Be avTr]v 6 Kvpo<^ avX- 
 XafM^avei 'Opoi'rav, koI avjfcaXel et? r7]v eavrov <JK7]vr]v 
 Ylepcra^ toi;? apicnov<^ rwv Trept avrov eirra^ kul tou? tcoi/ 
 'EXXrjucou Grparrjyov<i eKeXeuev 6irXLTa<=; ayayeuv^ 7ovtov<; 
 he OeaOau la oirXa irepl ti]v avrov aKrjvriv. ol 8e ravra 
 €7roLr]crav^ ayayovre^; co? rpta')(^iXiov^ OTrXtra?. 5. KXe- 
 ap\ov he Koi elaco irapeicaXecre av/j,/3ovXov, o? ye kul ai/Tco 
 Kal roL<; aXXoc<; ehotcet TrpoTL/jirjdrjvai [laXLaia rwv EXXr]- 
 vcov. eirel 8' l^rjXOev^ e^rjyyecXe to2<; (f)LXoi<; rrjv Kpcaiu 
 Tov 'Opovra &)? eyevero' ov yap airoppTjTov 7]V. e(f)7) he 
 Kvpov ap')(eLV tov Xoyov cjhe. \ 6. IJapeKaXeaa vfjLa<i, av- 
 hpe^ (f)LXoL, OTTco^ aw v/xlv l3ovXevo/uLevo<^, a tl huKauov ean 
 Kai irpo's 6eu)v Kat irpo'^ avOpwrrcov^ tovto Trpa^o) irepL 
 UpouTOV TOvrovL. 70VT0V yap irpwrov fiev o ep^o^; Trarrjp 
 ehco/cev vTrrjKoop elvai. e/xot • eirei he Taj^Oet^^ «? ec^rj avT0<;, 
 VTTO rov epLov adeXcpov ovto<; eTroXefirjcrei' ep.0L eywv jrjv ev 
 ^apheaiv a/cpoTroXtv Kai eyco avrov irpoairoXepbcov eTrocTjaa 
 coare ho^ac tovtw tov tt^o? ep.e iroXefiov TravcraaOat Kac 
 he^cav eXa^ov Kai ehwKa, 7. pLera ravra, ecfyij^ w Opovra, 
 eariv o n ere rjhiKrjcra; aireKpivaro on ov. iraXiv he o 
 Kvpo^ 7]p(jL)Ta, OvKovv varepov., &>? avio<i av opLoXoy€i,<s 
 ovoev vir epLov aoLKOvpLevo<;, airoara^ et? iVivaov^ KaKCD<^ 
 eTTotei? rrjv ep^rfv ')^wpav b rt ehvvco ; ecbrj o Opov7a<;. Ov- 
 Kovv, ecf)!] Kvpo^;., oiror av eyvco<i Tr)u aeavrov hwapnv^ 
 eXdcov eiTL tov t?}? ApTep,iho<i ^cop^ov fxerap^eXeiv re act, 
 €cf)r)a9a Kau Treicra^; epue Tnara TrdXiv ehtoKa^ pioi Kai eXa^e<; 
 Trap epLov ; Kac ravO wpioXoyei o OpovTa<;. 8. To ovv, 
 €(f)r} Kvpo<;^ ahiK'TjOeL's vtt epuov vvv to rpirov errL/SovXevcov 
 pLoi <^av€po<^ yeyova^ ; et7rovTO<i he rov Opovra on ovhev 
 
22 Expedition of Cyrus the Younger. [Xen. 
 
 dSLKrjOeltif iQpcoTrjcrev 6 Kvpo^ avrov, 0/jio\oj6l<i ovv irepi, 
 i/jue a^LKOf; yeyevrjaOai ; 'H yap avajKr), ec^rj 6 Opov7a<i, 
 €K TOVTov itoKlv yp(i)T7)a€v Kvpo<;, Etl ovv av yevoLo 
 Tft) €jji(o aE>e\(f)(o 7ro\e/xio?, e/i-ot Be (f>cXo^ kul TTicxTo?; o ^e 
 aireKpLvaTO otc ov8 €l yevoLjJurjv^ (o Kvpe, cot y av irore 
 €Ti Bo^at/JLL. 9. 7rpo<; ravra Kvpo^^ elire tol<^ irapovcnv, O 
 fjL€v dvrip roiavia /jcev Tre'TTOtijKe, roiavra Be Xeyec vfiwv Be 
 av Trpcoio^;, co KXeap'^e, aTrocprjvat yvwfjtrjv o rt aoL BoKel. 
 KXeap)(o<; Be elire rdBe. ^vfi^ovXevco eyco rov avBpa rov- 
 Tov eKTToBcov TToielaOat co? ra^tara, (w? /jLTj/ceTt Berj tovtov 
 (f)v\aTTea6ai, aWa o"^o\rj y rj/jLiv to Kara tovtov elvat 
 Tof? e6e\ovTa<i (f)i\ov(; rouroi;? ev iroielv. 10. TavTj] Be 
 TT] yvwfXT) €(pr] Kai tou? aXkov<i TrpoaOeaOai. fiera Tavra 
 KeXevovTO^ Kvpov eXa^ov tt)'^ ^(i>vr}<; tov Opovrav eiri 6a- 
 varw) airavTe^ avaaravTe<; Kai ol avyyevei^;' eWa Be e^rjyov 
 auTov ot? TrpoaeTayOri. eTreu Be elBov avTOv oirrep irpoaOev 
 TrpoaeKVvovv, Kai Tore TrpoaeKwrjcrav^ KaiTrep eiBoTe^ bri, 
 CTTi uavarov ayoiTO. 11. evret oe et? rryz/ ApTairuTov gkt}- 
 vi]v eto'rj'^drj tov inaTOTaTOV twv Kvpov GKrjTTTov^cDV, /jbera 
 ravra ovre ^wvra Opovrav ovre reOvrjKora ovBei<; elBe rrco- 
 iTore 0V06 otto)? aireuavev ovoeL^ etoo)? eXeyev eiKa^ov oe 
 aXXoi aXXo)?* Ta(f>o<i Be ovBei,^; rruiirore avrov e<f)avr). 
 
 VII, EvrevOev e^eXavvei Bca rfj<; Ba/3v\(ovLa<; crra- 
 0/jLov^ Tpet? 7Tapaaayya<i BcoBeKa. ev Be rw rpircp araOjjbU) 
 Kvpo^ e^eracriv rroielrai rwv EXXrjvayv Kac riov /Sap^apcov 
 ev TO) rreBLQ) rrept /xetra? vvKra^* eBoKet yap ei<; nqv emov' 
 crav €co Tj^eiv jSaaiXea aw rco arparevp-ari fia'^ov/jcevov 
 Kac eKtXeve KXeap'^ov /xev rov Be^cov /fepco? rjyeiaOaL, Me- 
 vo)va Be rov GerraXov rov evcovv/jLov, avro<i Be rov<? eavrov 
 Bcera^e.^ 2. fxera Be rrjv e^eraaiv a/ia rr) emovar] y/jbepa 
 rjKOVTe<; avrofioXoi rrapa p^eyaXov ^aaiXeco^; arr7]yyeXXov 
 
Anab. 1, VII.] Magnificent Promises to the Greeks. 23 
 
 Kvp(p irepL T^? ^aaiXew^ aTparia^;. Kvpo<; Be avyKa\6aa<; 
 rov<; arpaTrjyov^i Kat \oj(a'yov<i twv EWrjvcov avve^ov- 
 AefeTo T6 TTO)? av ti]v [Ma^rjv ttolocto Kat av70<^ rrapyvet, 
 Oappvvwv TOiuBe. 3. '/2 avBpe<i EX\7]V6<;, ovk avOpcoircov 
 aiTopwv /3api3apcoif (TVfu,iuLa')(^ov<; v/jLa<i ayco, aWa vo/jLl^cov 
 a/ji€Lvov<^ KUL Kpenrovi iroWwv ^ap/Sapcov Vfxa<^ elvai^ Sta 
 rovro irpoaeXajSov, oirco's ovv eaeaOe avSp6<; a^tot ttj^ eXev- 
 6epLa<i 17? KeKTTjade Kac i)? f/xa? eyco evSaL/jbovt^co. ev yap 
 Lare on ri]v eXevOepuav eXotfJbrjv av av9 o)v eyoi iravTOiV 
 Kai aXXcov iroXXanrXaaLcov, 4. 67rco<i Be Kau eLBrjre et? olov 
 ep^eaOe uywva, v[ia<^ €lBo)^ SiSa^co. ro fxev yap ttXtj- 
 6o<^ TToXv, KOL Kpavyrj iroXXr) eTTiaatv av Be ravra ara- 
 a-^rjaOe^ raXXa /cat, atcT'^uveadaL fioc Bokco olov^ 7j/j.lv yvw' 
 aeaOe tovs ev rrj 'X^oopa ovTa<; avOpaiTTOVs. v/xcov Be uvBpcov 
 omcDv Kat euToXficjv yevofievcov, eyco v/jlcov tov /juev ocKaoe 
 ^ovXo/ievov airievai toI<; olkol ^rjXcoTOv TroiriacD aireXOelv^ 
 iroXXov^ Be ol/ubai, iroirjaetv ra Trap e/iot eXeadai avri rcov 
 oofcoL. 5. evravda TavXtrr^^; irapoiv (pvya^ ^d/xLo^;, 'TTia-ro'i 
 Be Kvpcp, elire, Kac f^rjv, co Kvpe^ Xeyoval TLve<^ otl ttoXXcl 
 VTTca'^vel vvv Bia to ev rotovrq) elvai tov klvBvvov Trpoai- 
 ovTo<;. av Be ev yevrjTai, ri, ou /jLe/juvrjaeadai ae c^aaiv 
 evLOc Be ovB et /ne/jLvrjo re KaL ^ovXoto, BvvaaOai av arro- 
 BovvuL baa vTna'^vei,. 6. aKOvaa^ ravra eXe^ev 6 Kvpo<;, 
 AXX eoTL fiev rj/xiv, cu avBpe<;., 7] ap-^rj t) Trarpcpa tt^o? jjiev 
 /LLearj/x^piav I^^XP^ ^^ ^^^ Kav/aa ov Bwavra-L oiKelv avOpco- 
 TTOL^ TTpo? Be apfcrov fie-^pt ov Bia ')(etfi(ova* ra S' ev fieao) 
 rovrwv rravra aarpaTrevovcnv ol rov ep^ov aBeXcpov (f)cXoc. 
 7, 7]v B rjfjLe2<; vLK-rjcrcofiev^ r]/jLa<=: Bei rov<^ rjfierepov<; (piXov^ 
 rovTcov €yKpareL<; Trotrjaat. ojare ov rovro BeBocKa fxrj ov/c 
 €^(0 o rc Bay efcciaro) rwv (fyiXcov, av ev yevTjrai, aXXa jirj 
 OVK eycD LKavov^ ot? og). v/xwv oe rcov HtXX^jVcov teat are- 
 
24 ExpcdiliGn of C/jriis the Yoimger. [Xf.^. 
 
 (pavov e/caaro) ypvcrovv ocoaco. S. ol oe Tavra ufcovaavre^ 
 avTOi 16 rjaav ttoXv irpoOvfjiOTepoL icat roc^ aWoc<; c^rjy- 
 yeWov. 6iarj6aav he irap avrov ol re OTpaTTjyoi kul tcov 
 aWcov EX\t]vcov tlv6<^^ a^iowre? eiSevat tl G(^taLV earai 
 eav Kpair]cro)(Tiv. 6 he €fji7rtfjL7r\a<; ciTravrcDv ttjv yvwfirjv 
 uireirefjiTre. 9. irapeKeXevovjo he uvtco nravre^ oaoiirep 
 hieXejovTo /jlt] fiayeaOai^ aXX oirioOev eavrcou rarreadac 
 ev he Tft> Kaupcp roviw KXeap^o^ coSe tto)? ifpero top Kvpov. 
 Ol€l yap aoi p.a')(^eca6at, co Kvpe, rov ah6X(f)ov ; Nrj At , 
 e^T) o Kvpo<^, einrep ye Aapeiov kul TIapvaaTiho<^ eart vrat? 
 e/xo9 he ah6X(f)0'^, ov/c ajxa'^et ravr eyco Xrjylro/iac. 10. ev- 
 ravOa hi] ev rrj e^oTrXioia api6ixo<^ eyevero Toyv fiev EXXrj- 
 vcov aarrL<; /jLvpia Kat, rerpaKoaba, TreXTacnat he hiaj(^LXLoi 
 Kai irevraKoaLoi, twv he fieja Kvpou [Sap^apwv heKa /ivpi- 
 aoe? Kai, ap/jcara op67rav7]<popa aficpt ra eiKoat. 11. rwv 
 he TToXe/uLLcov eXeyovro elvai eicciTov Kai euKoat fjivpcahe^i Kat, 
 ap/jLara hpeTravrjc^opa hiaKocna, aXXot he rjaav e^aKia'^t- 
 XtoL L'TnTel<;^ o)v ApTayepa7j<; 'qp'^ev ovroi, h av irpo avTov 
 ySacrtXeco? Terayfievot Y)aav. 12. rov he l3aaLXe(o<; arparev- 
 fiaTo^ Yjaav ap'^ovre^; Kat arparriyoL Kat ijyeiioi>e<; 7eTrape<i, 
 rpiaKovTa /juvpiahcov eKa(7To<;, A^poKo/jLa<^, TL(jaa(^epvrj<^, Tw- 
 ^pva<;, Ap^aKT]^. tovtcdv he irapeyevovro ev rr) /xa^^y evevi]- 
 Kovra iivpiahe<^ Kat ap/xara hpe7rav7](f)opa efcarov Kat irevrr]- 
 KovTa' AlDpoKofJLa<; oe vareprjcre T179 fia^r)<^ rj/nepat^ nrevie^ 
 €K ^oivtfcr]<; eXavvcov. 13. ravra he rjyyeXXov irpo^; Kvpov 
 OL avTo/jLoX7]cravT6<^ eK rcov TroXefJucov irapa fieyaXov ^aat- 
 Xeo)? Trpo Trj<i fia^7)<^^ Kat fiera rrjv fia')(7]v ol varepov eXrj- 
 (f)07](Tav Twv TToXe/jLLCov Tavra ■yjyyeXXov. 14. evrevOev he 
 Kvpo<; e^eXavvet (rraO/jLOV eva mapaaayya'^ Tpet? crvvre- 
 7ay/LL€V(p T(p cTTparevfiaTL rravrt Kat ra> EXXr/vtKa) Kat ray 
 ^ap(3aptKa>' ojero yap ravTT] rrj yjutepa /xa^elaOat ^aatXew 
 
Anab. 1, VIII.] Apparent Retreat of the King. 25 
 
 Kara yap fieaov rov araOfiov tovtov racfypo^; vjv opvKTrj 
 ^aOela^ ro puev evpo^ opjucal Tre^re, to Be l3a6o<i opyvLac 
 Toet?. 1'5. 7rap6T6Taro Be i) racfypo'^ avco Sea rov ireBiov eiru 
 Bo)8eKa Trapaaayya'^ I^^XP^ '^^^ Mr)Bta<; reu'^ov^. evda au 
 OL(opvy€<;, arro rov lcyp7jro<i irorap^ov [peovaacj tuai oe rer- 
 rap6<i, TO fjuev €vpo<; TrXedptalaL^ ^adelat Be LG)(vpoi^^ Kac 
 irXola irXel ev avral^i aiTaycoyd • eia/SaXXovcTL Be ea rov 
 Eucfypdrrjv^ BiaXecTTOvaL B e/caarr] Trapacrayyrjv^ yecfyvpai B 
 ieireLatv.^ r)V Be irapd lov Evc^parrjv irapoBo^; aievi) fxera^u 
 Tov TTOTa/jLov Kol T7^9 jd^pov (w? eiKOGL TToBoiu TO eupoi; ' 
 16. TuvTTjv Be Ti]v Tacfypov ^aacXeu^ iroiel pueya^; uvtl epv- 
 yLcaro?, eTreiBr} iruvdaverai, Kvpov TrpoaeXavvovra. TavTTju 
 Bt] rrjv irdpoBov Kvpo<; re Kat 7] CTpaTia TraprjXOe Kau eye- i 
 \ vovTo elao3 7179 Td<^povT% I'J'. ravTrj pev ovv tt) rjpepa ovk\ 
 efjLa^eaaTO ^aatXev^, aXX vTro^copovvTcov (pavepa rjcrav Kai 
 LTTTTcov KUL upOpcoTTcou i^^V TJ'oA-X.a. 18. evTavOa Kvpo<; 
 XiXavov KaXeaa<; tov AplSpaKccorrjv pavTtv eBcoKev avTco 
 BapeiKov^ Tpiay^LXiov^^ on tt] evBeKaTj] air etceivrj^:: i^iiepa 
 duopevo^ elirev aurcp otl jSaatXev^ ov pa-^ecTaL Betca rnxe- 
 pa)v^ Kvpo^ B ecTrev, Ovk apa ere pa')(^e2TaL, et ev TavTai<^ 
 ov pa-^ecraL rat? i]pepaL'^ • eav B aXr)6€vcr7]<;^ vma'^vovpab 
 eKa raXavTa. tovto to ypvcnov roTe arreocofcev^ eirei, 
 TraprjXdov at Be/<a ij/juepat. 10. evret 8 eirc ttj Ta(f)p(j) ovk 
 €K(oXve f3aaLXeu<; to Kvpov arpuTevpa BiajSaLveiv^ eBo^e /cat 
 vpw Kat, Tot? aA,A,oi? aireyvcdKevai tov ixa^eaoai' coaTe ttj 
 varepaLa Kvpo<; eiropevero rjpeX7]fj,ev(o<; pdXXov. 20. tt] Be 
 rpLTT) eiTL T€ Tov appaTo^ Kat7i]/j.evo<i]Ti]V iropetav eTTotecTO 
 KUL oXcyov^ ev Tu^eu e^cov irpo avTOu, 10 oe iroXv avrcp 
 civarerapayfievov eiropevero Kat rwv ottXwv roL<; arpancD- 
 Tat? TToWa em a/xa^wv rjy^ro kul vrro^vyicov. 
 
 VIII. Kat i]B7j re i]v apcpt ayopav TrXijOovaav Kat ttXt]- 
 
26 Exped'dion of Cyrus the Younger. [Xen. 
 
 GLov 7]v aTa6iJ.o<i evOa ejieWe fcaraXvetv, rjVLKa Ha7r}<yva<i 
 avi]p Uepo'T]'; rcov aficpc Kvpou ttlcttcov TrpocpaLverai iXavvcov 
 ava KpaTO^ i^povvji tw nrircp^ Kau evdv^ rrraatv ot? evervy^a- 
 vev e^oa Kat /Sap/SapLKco'^Kac eWrjvtKaxi on ^acn\ev<^ ovv 
 arparev/xaTL ttoWo) Trpoaep^^^erat co<i et? /jia^rjv irapecTKeV' 
 aafj,6vo<;. 2. €i>Oa Stj ttoXl"? Tapa^^^o? eyevero' avrcKa yap 
 eBoKovu OL EWr]V€(f Kat iravre^ Se aruKTot^i a(pi,aLv eiriTre- 
 aelaOai' 3. Kvpo^ re KaTairrfhi^cra'^ airo rov ap/jiaTO<; tov 
 ucopaKa eveou Kat avapa<i enrt tov litttov ra TraXra et? ra? 
 ')(elpa<i eXalBe, Tol<i re aWoL<i iraai TrapriyyeWev e^oTrXc^e- 
 cOai KUL KaOiaraadai et? T7)z/ eavTOV ra^LV eKaarov. 4. €i/6a 
 Br) <jvv ttoWt) GTTOvhr) KaOcaravro^ K\€ap'^o<; fiev ra Be^ca 
 TOV KepaT0<; e'^cov 'Trpo<; to) Evcpparij Trorafxa), npo^evo<; Be 
 €'^o/jb€vo<;^ oL B aWot, fieTa rovrov^ Mevcov Be Kat to aTpa- 
 TevjJLa TO evcovv/iiov Kepa<i eaye tov EWtjulkov. /5. tov Be 
 /Sap^apLKOv iTTTret? fjiev IIa(f)\ayov€<^ et? ^tXtou? Trapa K\e~ 
 (ipX^^ GGTTjaav ev rco Be^cco Kat to EWtjvlkov Tre\Ta<TTLKOv, 
 ev Be Tcp evcovv/uLO) Apialo^i re o Kvpov VTrap^o^; Kai to aWo 
 /Sap^apLfcov. 6. Kvpo^; Be Kac oi iTnrei'i tovtov haov e^a- 
 KoaLOL coTrXcapLevoL ucopa^t fxev avTOC Kat, irapafiripiotoi^ Kat 
 Kpaveai Trai/re? ttXtjv Kvpov Kvpo<; Be yjrcXijv e^wv ti]v 
 Ke(f)aXr}v et? tt^i' fjuw^iju KaOicTTaTO. 7, ol B lttttoc Trai/re? 
 oc /jueTa Kvpov el^ov Kav TrpopLeTcoTrcBca Kat TrpoaTepvtBta • 
 el'^ov Be Kat /na'^aipa^ ot tTTTret? ^EXX7]vtKa<i. 8. Kat rjBrj 
 T€ r]v fieaov rj/xepa^ Kat ovtto) KaTa<pavet<; rjaav ot TroXe/mtot ' 
 TjvtKa Be BetXrj eytyveTo, e(f)avr] Kovtopro^ coarrep ve(f)eX7] 
 XevKTj^ 'Xpovw oe av^vo) vaTepov odairep fieXavia rt? ev tco 
 'TreBtQ) eiri ttoXv. ore Be eyyvTepov eyiyvovTO, Taya Br] Kat 
 "^oXko^^ Ti<; t^cTTpaiTTe Kat at Xoyyat Kat at ra^et? Kara<f)a- 
 vet<; eytyvovTO. O. Kat rjaav iTTTrel^ fiev XevKodcopafce^; eirt 
 TOV evcDvvfiov Tojv TToXepiwv' Ttaaacf)epvr]<i eXeyeTo tovtccv 
 
AxAB. 1, VIII.] The Batik, 27 
 
 apyeiv e-^ofievoL he tovtcov <yeppo(f)opoi, e-^ofievot Se ottXItol 
 aw TTohripeaL ^v\cuaL<; aoTnaiv* AtyvTmoL 8 ovtol eXe- 
 ryovTO eivai' aXXot S tTTTret?, aXXoL To^orai. 7ravT6<; B 
 OVTOL Kara eOvr) ev irXatam irXrjpei avOpwrrwv eKaarov to 
 eOvo'^ eiTopeveTO. 10. Trpo he avTwv ap/xara ZuaXeLTTOvTa 
 (Tv^vov air aXXr]X(OV Ta Bi] Bpeiravrf^opa KaXovixeva' el-^ov 
 Be Ta BpeTTava etc tcov a^ovcov ei<? TrXaycov airoTeTa^ieva Kac 
 VTTO Tot? BL(f)poi<; et? yrjv (SXeirovTa^ w? BiaKOTTTeiv otw ev- 
 Tvyyavoiev. 7] Be yvcofxr) rjv «? et? Ta<i Ta^€t<; tcov EXXtj- 
 vcov eXwvTa Kai Biaico-y^ovTa. 11. b fievTOi, Kvpo^ elirev otc 
 KaXeaa^ irapeiceXeveTO rot? EXXrjai ti]V Kpavyr]v tcov ^ap- 
 jSapcov ave^eaOat, eyjrevaOi] tovto' ov yap Kpavyy aXXa 
 cnyr] CO? avvcTTOV Kav 'f^crv^rj ev ccrco Kau ^paBeco<i irpoayecrav. 
 
 12. Kac ev tovtco K.vpo<i irapeXavvcov avro<; aw UcyprjTC 
 TO) epfxrjvel Kat aXXoL<; Tptatv r) TeTTapai tco KXeap'y^co e/3oa 
 ayeiv to aTpaTev/bua KaTu fieaov to tcov iroXefJucov^ otl exec 
 paaiXevi eLT]' Kav tovt ^ ecpr], vcKco/xev, Travo i]fiLV TreTrotr^Tat. 
 
 13. opoiv Be K.Xeap^o<^ to fxeaov aTlcf)o<^ Kai aKOVcov Ku- 
 pou e^o) ovTa tov EXXtjvlkov evcovufiou ^aaiXea' ToanvTov 
 yap TrXrjdec Treptrjv /SaacXevi were fieaov to eavTov eywv 
 TOV Kvpou evcovvfiov e^co rjv • aXX o/jlco<; o KXeap'yo<; ovrc 
 rjdeXev airoaTTaaai airo tov TTOTapuov to Be^tov Kepa<^^ (f>o- 
 /3ov/jLevo<i /jLT) KVKXcoOetrj eicaTepcodev, too Be Kvpco aTreKpt- 
 vaTo OTi avTcp /leXoi o7rco<; KaXco<; e^ot. 14. Kac ev tovtco 
 rep Kaipcp TO fjLev ^ap/SapiKOV aTparevfia opbaXco^; irpoyec, 
 TO Be EXXrjvLKov ctl ev too avTO) fievov aweraTTeTO eK tcov 
 eTi TrpoaiovTcov. Kac o Kvpo<i rrrapeXavvcov ov Travv Trpo^ 
 avTcp TOO aTpaTevfiaTL KaTeOearo eKarepcoae aTTo^Xeircov et? 
 Te Tou? 7roXefiiov<^ Kac tov<; (f>LXov^. 15. cBcov Be avTov airo 
 TOV EXXrjviKOv l::i^evocf)cbv A6r]valoq^ VTreXciaa<^ «? avvavTrj- 
 aai rjpero ei tl TrapayyeXXoi.' 6 B eiriaTriaa'^ elire Kac Xe~ 
 
28 Expedliion of Cyrus the Younger. [Xen. 
 
 ^^iv CKeXeuae iraaiv on Kau ra iepa koXu Kau ra (7(f>ayLa 
 KaXa. 16. ravra Be Xejcov 6opv(Sov jj/covae Sta roiv ra^ecov 
 toWo9, Kol 7]p€T0 t/s" 66pv(3o'^ €L7]. 6 Be K\eap^o<; elirev otl 
 TO GVvUriixa irapep'^eTac oevrepov rjorj. Kai o? euav/uCaae t^? 
 TrapayyeWet /cal ijpero o n eir) ro avvdrjua. o B aireKpLvaTO, 
 ZETX ^nTHP KAI NIKH. 17. 6 Bl Kdpo^ afcovaa<; 
 AXXa Be^OfMal t6, 6(^77, kul tovto earco. ravra B enrcov 
 et? Trjv eavTov y^wpav airriXavve' kql ovKeri ipia 7j rerrapa 
 crraBca BLei')^eTr]u tco (f^aXayye air aXXriXwv 7]VLKa eiraiavt- 
 t^ov T€ OL E\Xr)v€<i Kai 7rpo7]p^ovTo avTiOL levaL tol<; iroXe- 
 IXLOi<^. 18. ro? Be Tropevo/ievcov e^efcvjuaive n T179 (j)aXayyo<;, 
 TO eTrtXecTTOfxei'Oif rjp^aro Bpo/jufp Oelv Kau apua e(f)6ey^avT0 
 7ravTe<; olopirep ico EvvaXtcp eXeXi^ovat^ Kai 7ravTe<; Be eSeov. 
 Xeyovai be rive^ «? Kai raa aaTnai 7rpo<i ra oopara eoov- 
 TTTjaav^ (po/Bov 7roiovvTe<i rot? tTTTrot?. ; 19. irpiv Be ro^evfia 
 e^LKvelaOat, eKKXiVovatv ol ^apj3apot Kai (f^evyovon. kul 
 evravda Brj eBiWKOV fiev Kara Kparo<; ol EXX7]ve<i^ e^owv Be 
 aXX7]Xoi(; pLT] Oelu Bpofifp aXX ev ra^et hireaOaL. 20. ra B 
 ap/nara e(^epovro ra fiev Bi avicov twv TToXe/xLcov, ra Be /<ac 
 Blcl TQiv ^EXXr]i>u>v Keva 7jvlo-^(oi'. ol B eirei TrpoiBoLep, 
 OLLaravTO' earL o oarL'i Kai Kare\7j(pU7] cooTrep ev ltttto- 
 Bpo/jL(p eKTvXayeL^ ' Kai ovBev p^evToi uvBe loviov iraOeLV 
 €(f)aaai'^ ovB aXXo(; Be rcov EXXrjvcop ev ravrr) r-p piayrj 
 eiraOev ovBeL<^ ovBev, ttXtjv eiTL tm evcovvixw ro^evOrjvaL rt? 
 eXeyero. 21. Kvpo<^ B opcov TOu<i E\X7}va<; VLKOiVJa^ to 
 Kad av70v<^ KaL BLcoKoura^;^ i]BGfjLevo<i kql tt poaKvvovpLei'o^ 
 Tjor/ ct)v paatAeL/9 vtto rcov a/ncb avrov, ovo oj9 tgTlX"'^ olcO' 
 K6LV^ a\.A.a (Tvveaireipo fjLevrjv eycov ri^v tmp cvv eavrcp e^a- 
 KOGLwv LTTTrerov to^lv eirefieXeLTo o tl nroLTjaei paaiXev<i. 
 KaL yap yoei ovjov otl ixeaov e^oL rov ILepaiKOv arparev- 
 (Maro';. 22. KaL Travre^i B ol TOiv iSap/Sapcov apxoPTe<^ fxeaov 
 
Anab. 1, VIII.] Death of Cyrus. 29 
 
 eyovie'^ to avrcov rjjovvraL, vofjui^ovre^ ovtco kul ev a(J(f)a- 
 Xeararw elvai^ rjv rj r/ lo^v^ avTcou eKarepoidev^ Kau ei re 
 TrapayyelXai '^(^prj^oLev, y/xlcrec av '^povw acaOaveaOai to 
 arpaTeu/Jba. 23. koI ^aai\ev<; S/; rore fieaov e^cov t?}? 
 auTOV arpana^ o/jLco^ e^co eyeuero rov Kvpov evcovv/xov 
 Keparo^i. eTrel he ovhei^i avrcp efxa-^^ero eK rov avrcov ovSe 
 Tot? avTOV TeTayfievoc^ efiTrpoauev, eTrefcafXTrrev a)? et? kV' 
 KXcoacu. 24. ei^Oa 8r] Kvpo<; Secaa'^ /n] OTTiaOev yevofxevo^ 
 KajaKoy^rj to 'EW-qvifcou eXavvec avTLO<^' Kai €/Ji(3aXcov aw 
 Tol'; 6^aKocrLOL<=; vlkcl tov<; nrpo ^aatX€(o<; re-ray ixevov^ Kac et? 
 (puyr]v erpey^e rou^ e^aKLa-^Lkiov^, Kai arroKreuvai Xeyerai av- 
 TO? rrj iaurov X^^P'' Aprayepai)v rov ap^ovra avrcov. 25. w'^ 
 B Tj rpoTTT] eyeverOy hLaaireLpovrai Kau oi Kvpov c^aKoaioL et? 
 TO oiCDfcecp op/jLr]aavre<;, ttXtjv iravv oXcyoi aficp avrov Kare- 
 XeLcpOrjcrav, (jj(ehov ol o/jLorpaire^oL KaXovfxevoL. C26. aw rov- 
 TOfc? Be (x)v KaOopa /SaaiXea kul ro a/jL<p eKeuvov ari(po<;' Kai 
 evdv<i ovK yvea^^ro, aXX eirrwv Tov avdpaopcOftero err avrov 
 Kai rracet Kara ro arepvov Kai nrpwaKeo Bia rov Owpafco^, 
 0)9 ^rjat Krijaca^ 6 iarpo<i Kai taadao avro<i ro rpavfia (fyrjaL. 
 27. Tratovra S avrov aKovrc^ei Tt? rraXrco viro rov oc^OaX- 
 fiov ^Laioi's ' Kat evravOa /jLa^ofJievoL kul ^aacXev^i Kat E v- 
 po<; Kat oi aficf) avrov^ vrrep eKarepov, orroaoi /xev rcov aiK^t 
 fiaatXea aireOvrjaKOV KTrjcrta? Xeyeo • Trap eKeiv(p yap i-jv • 
 Aupo? oe avro<^ re airevave Kau oKrco oi aptaroi rcov rrept, 
 avrov eKeivro err avrco. 28. Apra7rarr]<i S o maroraro<i 
 avrcp rcov aKrjrrrovxwv oepairwv Xeyerai, eTreidij rr err r cote or a 
 elhe Kvpov, KarainqBriaa^ airo rov nrrrov rrepiireaeLV avroj, 
 29. Kat OL /j,ev cfyaat ^aatkea KeXevaat nva e7na(f)a^ac av- 
 rov Kvpo)^ 01 h eavrov evtacpa^aaOai aTraaa/xevov rov 
 aKLV6ifcr)v' et^^ yap ^pucroui^ * /cat arperrrov o ecpopei. Kau 
 yfreXca Kai raXXa coairep ol aptaroL Uepaoiv ' ereri/jur]ro yap 
 VTTo Kvpov Bl evvotav re Kai TnarorrjraA 
 
30 Expedition of Cyrus the Younger, [Xen. 
 
 IX. Kvpo<i fiev ovv ovT(o<; ereXevrrjaev, av'r]p cov Hep- 
 amv Twv fjL€Ta Kvpov rov ap'^alov yevo/jjEvcDV fiaac\tfC(OTaTo<i 
 T€ KaL apveiv a^L(OTaro<;, o)? irapa iravrcov o/iioXoyeLTat, twv 
 Kvpov SoKouvTcov €P iTetpa fyeveadai. 2. irpwrov fiev yap 
 €Tt Trat? (i)V,OT eiratZevero KaL aw ra> aB6X.<f)a> Kat avv Tot? 
 aXXoL<; TTatal^ Travroov Travra KparccrTo^i 6vo/jll^€to. 3. Trav- 
 re? yap ol rcov apiaroov TIepacov iralhe^i cttl Tal<i jSaaLXeoo^ 
 SvpaL<i iraihevovrav evOa ttoXXtjv fiev <TO)(f)poavpr)v Kara- 
 (jiaooL av Tt<i, ata^pov o ovoev ovt aKovaai ovr Loetv eart. 
 4. decoi/rat B ol TratSe? Kat TCfi(o/jL€POV<; vtto ySacrtXeo)? Kai 
 (iKouovcri, Koi aXXov<; aTLjia^oixevovs' coare €vOv<; TraZSe? 
 ou7€<i fxavOavovatv ap^eiv re Kai ap'^eaOai. 5. evOa Kvpo<; 
 aihrjfioveaTaTo^ fiev irpoirov rcov rjXiKtcoTcov eSo/cet eivat, rot? 
 T6 irpea^vrepoL^; kul tcov eavTov vTroBeecrrepcov /jLClXXou rrrei,- 
 OecrOaL^ eirecTa he (^iXLTriroTaro'^ Kau rot? lttttol'; apcara 
 '^(^prjaOaL' e/cpcvov B avrov Kat rayv et? tov TroXe/jLov epycov, 
 ro^iKYj^i re Kal aKovriaeco^y ^iXo/JbaOecrrarov elvai Kai fieXe- 
 rrjpoTaTOV. 1 6. cTrel Be rrj rfXiKia eirpeTre, Kai <f}iXo6r}poTaTo<i 
 rjv Kat TTjOO? ra Or^pia fievroL (juXoKLvBvvoTaro^. Kai apKTOu 
 TTore eiricpepo/jLevrjv ovk erpeaev, aXXa av/jLTreao)!' KareaTra- 
 GUT] airo Tov cttttou, Kat ra fxev eiratfev, wv Kat Ta<i (oretXa^ 
 €tp^e, reXoi; Be KareKave • Kat rov irpwrov fxevTot ^07)dr]aavTa 
 '7roXXo2<; fjuaKaptarov eiroLrjcrev. "7. eiret Be KaTeireiK^Or) vtto 
 Tou Trarpo^ aarpaTrrjq AuBta<; xe Kat ^pvyta<i rrjf; fieyaXTj^; 
 Kat KaTTTraBoKia^i, aTparr}yo<; Be Kat iravrwv aTreBef^Or) ot<i 
 KaOr]Ket et? Kaa-rcoXov ireBtov a6pot^ea6at, TrpcoTOu fiev eire- 
 Bet^ev avTov brt irept irXetcrrov irotoiTO^ et tco aTretaaiTo 
 Kai et 7(p arvvDOLTO Kat et ro) VTrocr^otro rt, fnqoev y-euoe- 
 aQai. §. Kat yap ovv eTrtarevov fiev avro) at TroXet? eTTt- 
 rpeirofievat, eTrtarevov o ot apope<^' Kat et Ti<? 7ToX€fito<i 
 eyevero, airetaafievov Kvpov eirtaieve firjBev av irapa ra^i 
 
 I 
 
Anab. 1, IX.] The Character of Cyrus, 31 
 
 airovha^i iraQelv. 9. rocyapovv eirei Ttaaac^epvei eiroXe- 
 arjae^ Tracrat ac 7roA,et<> efcovcrai Kvpou eiXovro avii Tiaaa- 
 <b6puov<; TrXrjv McXijcncov' oijiou he, otl ovk i^OeXe tou? (pev- 
 yovTa<; TrpoeaOai, €(f)o^ovvTo avrov. 10. kuv yap epyw 
 eireheiicvvTO kcll eXeyev otl ovk up nrore Trpooiro, eireu aira^ 
 <pLXo(; avT0L<; eyevero, ovB et en /jl6v fxeuovs yevoLvro en Be 
 KiiKCov Trpd^ecav. ^11» (jiavepo^i 3 y}v /cat, et t/? tl aydQov 
 1] KaKov 7roLri<T€L€v avTov, viKCiv 'TreLp(OfJievo<;' Kao evyrjv he 
 Ttf69 cwTou e^e(f)epov w? evyoLTo Toaovrov '^povov ^rjp ecrre 
 vLKwrj Koi TOv<; ev koL rov<i KaKco<i iT0L0uvTa<i aXe^ofjuevo^i, 
 12. Kol yap ovv irXelaroi hrj avra> evi ye avhpl tcov e(f> 
 VijjLOiv eireOu/jbrjcrav fcac '^prjfxara Kat 'iroXei^ kqc ra eavrwv 
 acofjuara Trpoeadac. 13. ov fieu hr] ouhe tovt av rt? etTTot 
 w? Tou? KaKovpyov^ Kau ahuKov^ eia KaiayeXav^ aXX a^et- 
 hea-rara ttcivtcov erLfjucopetTO. 7roXXa/ct? h rjv thelv irapa 
 Til's (jTeL^ofjLeva^ 6hov<i Kat irohwv Kat '^etpcov Kau o(pdaXfi(ov 
 a-Tepoixevov<s avOpcoirov^' wcrr ev tt] Kvpou upxV ^J^veTO 
 Kat EXXrjvL Kac ^ap^apw iirjhev ahiKovvTi aSeco? TTopeve- 
 adai, oTTOi TL^; rjOeXev, e^ovTi b tl Trpc^^coponj. 14. tov<; ye 
 [levTOi ayadov^ et? TroXe/xov (o/jioXoyijTO hiatpepovTw^ Tifiav, 
 Kat irpcoTOv fiep rjv avTU) TroXe/uo? tt/do? IJLcnha'i Kac Mv- 
 aov^ ' aTpaTevofjuevo^ ovv Kau avTo<; et? TavTa<^ ra? 'X(Dpa<; 
 ov<i ecopd eOeXovTa^ Kivhvveveiv^ tovtov^ Kat, ap^ovTa^i eirouet, 
 rj<; Kare(7Tpe(p6T0 '^copa's^ eireiTa he Kau aXXot^ h(i>poi<; erLfia' 
 15. ware (f)acvea6at, tovs; fiev ayaOov^ evhaLfJiOveaiarov^^ 
 Tou? he KaKov<s hovXov^ tovtcov a^LOvaOat elvai. Totyapovv 
 iroXXrj rjV a<p6ovia avTco twv edeXovTcov KLvhvvevetv, birov 
 Tt? oLocTo Kvpov aLadrjaeaOai. 16. et? ye /lltjv hiKauoav- 
 VT)v eu Tt? avTU) <pavepo<i yevoiTO eTnhetKvvaOaL ^ovXo/ievo<;, 
 irept iravTO^ eiTOieno tovtov<; TrXovcnwrepov^ Troieiv rcov eK 
 Tov ahcKOv (pLXoKephovvTcov. 17. Koi yap ovv aXXa re 
 
32 Expedition of Cyrus ihe Younger. [Xex. 
 
 iToWa ^LKac(o<i avTu> Bie'^eLpL^eTO Kau arparev/jiart, uXtjOlvm 
 €\prjaaTO. kul yap orpairjyoL Kac \o"^ajoL ov '^prj/iuTwi' 
 kveKa 'jTpo<i €K6LP0v enXeuaav, aXX eirev ejvcoaav KephaXew- 
 Tepov elvai Kupw KaXo)<; nreiOap'^elv rj to kutu firjva K6pBo<;. 
 18. aXXa /jltjv €L rt? <ye tl avrto irpoara^avTi KaXco<; vTrrjp- 
 CTTiaeLev^ ovhevi ircoTroTe w^apuaTov euaae Triv irpoOvpiLav. 
 TOijapovv KpuTiaroi Br] vTrrjperat Trai^ro? epyou Kvpcp eXe- 
 '^Orjaav yeveaOai. 10. ei he nva opan] Secvov ovra olkovo- 
 fjLov €K rou ScKaiou Kao Ka-rao Kevat^ovra re 77? ctpx^^ X^'^P^'^ 
 Kau irpoaohov; iroiovvja^ ovheva av TrcoTrore cKpebXero, aXX 
 uec TrXeio) irpoaehthov • (oaie Kai i]he(0'^ eirovovv Kat Oappa- 
 Xeo)? eKTcovTO Kat o eTreTraro av rt? rjKLara Kvpov efcpvirrev 
 ov yap (f)6ovcop rot? (pavepco^ irXovrovaiv e<paiv6T0, aXXa 
 nreipojp.evo^ XP'rjaOai Tot? twu aTTOfcpvirrofxevcov p^p?]/iacrt. 
 / 20. (})lXov<; ye fjirjv baov<; nron^aaiTO Kat €vvov<; yvonj oi'Ta^ 
 Kav iKavou<; Kptveie avvepyov^ elvat b tl Tvyx<^^0L /SovXo- 
 lxevo<s Karepya^ecrOai, o/jboXoyelrai Trpo? rravTCdv KpaTLCT0<^ 
 Bt] yeveaOaL Oepaireveiv. 21. Kau yap avro tovto ovirep 
 avra kveKa (pcXcov coero BelcrOat, &>? avvepyov^ ^X^^-' '^^^ 
 avTOf; eireiparo avvepyo'^ T0t<; (pLXoc<; KpanaTO^ eivai tovtov 
 OTOv €Kaarov acaOavoLTo eTTidv/JLOvvra. 22. Bwpa Be TrXet- 
 ara fiev ol/uiat el<; ye cov avrjp eXafi^ave Bia iroXXa' ravra Be 
 iravTwv Bj] /jbaXtara rol^; (f)LXoL<; BieBiBov, Trpo? tov^; rpoTTof? 
 eKuarou aKoirwv Kai otov fjLaXiaja opcpr] eKaoTOv Beopievov. 
 23. icai ocra ra> aa)/jLaTL avrov Koafiov irepLTTOL Tt9 ^ <w? ft? 
 iroXejjbov rj co? et? KaXXcoTria/ubov^ Kai Trepc tovtcov Xeyeiv 
 avTOv €(f)ac7av ore to /juev eavrov (TWfxa ovk av Bwauo tov- 
 TOi? iraac Kocrp.7]6rjvaL, (f>LXou<; Be KaXo}<; K€Koaprj/ji€vov^ /xe- 
 yicTTov KoafjLov avBpi vo/ii^oo. 24. kol to fiev 7 a fieyaXa 
 viKav TOJj? <^iXov<=; ev iroiovvTa ovBev 6av/jiaaTov, erreiBij ye 
 Kau BvvaT(jL)Tepo<; rjv 70 Be ttj eTTifxeXeia TrepLelvai twv (piXcou 
 
Anab 1, IX.] Character of Ci/rus. 33 
 
 KaL Tcp TrpoOvfielcrdat '^(apL^eadat, ravra e/uLOtye fiaXkov 
 8oK€L ajaara eivah. 25. Kvpo<i yap evre/xTre ^lkov<^ olvov 
 7/yC6tSee6? TToWuKi'^ oTTore iravv rjhvv XajBoi^ Xeycov on ovttco 
 Bt] ttoWov 'y^povov Tovrou ijScovi olvm eTTLrv^ot' tovtov ovl> 
 aoi errep.'^e /cat, Belrat aov rrj/jiepov tovtov efcmeiv aw ol^ 
 fiaXiCFTa (f)t\€L<;. 26. 7ToX\(i/CL<i 8e %>J^'a'? r/yU-i/SpcoToi;? eirefXTre 
 Kai apTcov rjjjiicrea Kai aWa TOcavTa, eTTiKeyetv KeXevwv tov 
 ^epovTa^ TovToi<^ rjaOr) Kvpo<^' (BovXeTai ovv Kai ere tovtcov 
 yevaaadat. 27. birou Se ^tXo? crvrai^io? iravv eor), avTo<; 8' 
 eSvvaTO TrapaaKevaaaaOat Bca to ttoXXov^ ^X^^^ v7T7jp6Ta<; 
 KaL Sia TTju eTTi/jLeXeiav, SiaTre/xTrcov eKeXeve toi;? cf^iXov^ toT? 
 T.'t eauTcov crcofiaTa ayovatv LTTTTOtf; efx^aXXetv tovtov tov 
 ')(lXov, fjt)? /JL7] 7reLvct)VT6<; tou? eavTov (f)cXov<; aycocrtv, 28. et 
 Be S// TTore iropevoLTo icai TrXecdTOL /j,eXXoiev oyjreadat, irpoa- 
 KaXfov Tov<; (^i\ov<; €aTrovBaioXoy€LTo^ w? orjXoir] oy? Tifia. 
 cocrre eytoye e^ cov a/covco ovoeva fcpivo) vtto TrXeiovwv Trecpi- 
 XrjaOai ovt6 ^ EXXtjvcdv ovt€ /Sap^apcov. ^O. T6K/j,7]pLOv Be 
 tovtov kol ToSe. Trapa fiev Kvpov BovXov ovto<; ofSet? 
 (i.-mjeL Trpo<^ ^aatXea, 'ttXi)v OpovTa<^ 67re)(eLp7](76 ' Kai ovTO<i 
 B/j ov (p6T0 TTiaTov oi elvai Ta^v aviov €vpe Kvpo) (^iXatTepov 
 1] eavTQ)' rrapa Be (3aaLXeo)<; 'ttoXXol iTpo<^ Kvpov aTrrjXOov, 
 erreLorj TToXe/jnoL aXXr]XoL<^ eyevovTO, Kai ovtol /uievTOi oi 
 fxaXtaTa vtt avTov ayaTrco/juevoi, vo/jiL^ovre<i irapa Kvpco 
 ovT€(; ayadoL a^L(OTepa<i av TL/jLrj<^ Tvy^avetv 77 rrapa fSaaiXec. 
 30. fieya Be TetcpL-qpiov Kai to ev tyj TeXevTrj tov /Slov avroy 
 yevojjievov otl Kau avTo^; rjv aya6o<; Kat Kptveiv opOco<; eBv- 
 vaTo tov; TTiaTov; Kai evvov^; KaL ^e/SaLOv;. 31. aTToOvrj- 
 GKOVTO^ yap avTov TravTe^ ou nrap avTov (piXoi Kai avvTpa- 
 •rre^oL aireOavov fia-^ofxevoL virep Kvpov ttXi^v Apiaiov 
 OVTO^ 06 T€Tay/uiei>o^ €Tvy\/avev ettl to) evcovvfirp TOf lttttl- 
 Kov ap-^cDV ftj? B rjaOero Kvpov ireirTajKOTa, e(f>vyev e^wv 
 KaL TO (TTpaTEvaa rrav ov riyeiTo. 
 
34 Expedition of Cyrus the Younger. [Xex. 
 
 X. EvravOa Br) Evpov uTroTefiveraL r) K6(f}a\rj kqi tj 
 y^lp t] Be^ca. ^aauXev^ he Kac oi aw avrco Blcdkcov eicr- 
 irtiTT€L €i9 TO Kvpeiov orparoTTehov Kai> oi fiev fieia Apt- 
 acou ovKejL iaravrat; aWa (pevyouaL Bta rov avrwv arpaio- 
 TreBov et? rov araO/moi' evOev (i)piJLr)vTo • Terrape? B eXeyovro 
 wapacayyai eivai 7779 oBov. 2. /3aaL\€v<i Be kql ol (tvu 
 avTco ra re aWa ttoWu Biapira^ovai^ Kai Tr]v ^coKa'cBa ti]P 
 Kvpov TraWaKcBa rrjv aocj)}]!/ Kat Ka\7]v Xeyo/Jtevrjv elvat 
 \ci/j,/3aveL. 3. 7] Be MiXTjcna i] vecorepa Xr)(f)6elaa vno io)V 
 a/jLcf)L (SaaiXea eKCJ^evyet yvfivr] 7rpo<i twv EXX7]vcov ol €tv- 
 yov ev Tot? afcevocf)opoL<; birXa ep^oi^re?, Kat, avTLja-^Oevre'i 
 iroXXov^ fiev iwv apira^ovTcov aTre/CTeivav, ol oe /caL avrcov 
 aireOavov ov fjbr]v e(f)uyov 'ye, aXXa kul ravrrjv eacoaav kul 
 aXXa oiroaa evro^ avTcov kul '^prj/jLura KaL avOpwrroL eye- 
 vovTO TTuvra eacoaav. 4. evTuvda Blect'^ov aXXrjXwv jSaai- 
 Xev<; T€ KUL OL EXXrjve<; «? rpLuKovra aruBia^ ol fxev Blco- 
 K0VT€<; Tou? Kad auTOV^ ro^ 7ravTa<i vLK(t)vre<;, ol B dpiTa^QVTe<^ 
 ft)? tjBt] 7TavTe<; vLKOivre'^, 5. eireL B ytrdovro ol fxev KXXrjve^i 
 on ^acTiXev^; aw toj arpaTev/jLan ev rot? aKevo(popoi<; clij, 
 /SacrtXei;? B av rjKovae Tiaaacf^epvov^ otl ol EXXijve^i vlkmcv 
 TO KaO avrov^ kql et? to 7rp6a6ev oL'^omaL BLa)KOVTe<;, ev- 
 TavOa Br) ^aaLXev^ fxev aOpoL^eL re rov<; eavrov kul awraT' 
 7eraL. o Be KXeap^o<i e^ovXevero Flpo^evov KaXeaa<;, ttXt)' 
 aLaL7aT0<^ yap r)v, €L irefJUTToiev TLva<; r) iTdwe^ lolev ettl to 
 arpaTorreBov aprj^ovre^. 6. ev tovto) kql /SaaiXev^ 877X09 
 r)v TrpoaLwv ttuXlv o)? eBofcet OTTLaOev. KaL ol jiev EXXr)ve<i 
 aTpa(f)evTe<i TrapeaKeva^ovTo oj? Tavrr) TrpoaLovro^; KaL Be^o- 
 fievoL, o Be ^aaLXev^ Tavrr) fiev ovk r)yev^ y Be TraprjXdev 
 €^co rov evcovv/jLov KepaTO<; ravrj) KaL aTTi]yayev^ avaXa^wv 
 KaL rov<; ev 777 pLa-^r) Kara rov% h,XXr)va^ avTO)iioXr]aavra<i 
 KaL TLaaa(f)epv7)v kul TOf? aw avTO). 7, 6 yap TLaaa(f)€p- 
 
ANAB. 1, X.] Second Attack of the Greeks. 35 
 
 1/779 €v Tjj TTpdorrj avvoocp ovk ecpvyev, aWa OLr]Kaae irapa 
 rov TTOTa/jLOv Kara tou? EX\r)va<i TreXraara^' hieXavvwv he 
 KareKave /uuev ovdeva, OLa(TTavTe<^ o ol Jit\\Tjve<i eiraiov Kau 
 KCLi r]KovTi^ov afTOf 9 • E7rL(jdev7j<; 8e . A/j,(f)i7ro\LTrj<i y]px^ 
 T(t)P TreXraarcoi/ Kat eXeyero (f)povLfjLo<; jeveaOat. 8. 8 
 ovu Ttaaacpepvr]'^ 0)9 /Jb€Cov e^^wv uTrrjXXayr], ttuXlv fxev ovk 
 ava(jTpecf)6L, 6t9 he ro arpaTOTreEov a(fjiKo/jL€i>o<i to tw^ EX- 
 Xijucov efcel avvrvy^^avei /SaatXei, Kat ofjiov Stj TTdXtv avv- 
 ra^(ifj,€voi eiTopevovTO. 9. eirei o ijaav Kara ro evwvvfJLov 
 rcov EXXi]vcov K€pa<;, eheccrav 01 EXXT]ve<; fir] TrpocraynLev 
 7r/D09 TO K€pa<; Kat, Trepiinv^dvre^i a/xcpoTepcoUev avrovf; Kara- 
 Koyjretav Km ehoKei avroL<i uvarfrrvaaeLV to K€pa<; Kat iroir]- 
 (TaaOau oTTioOev rov TTora/jLov. 10. ev oj ce ravra e/Sov- 
 XevovrOfKai Br) ^aatXev; rrapafxeL-^afxevo'^ et9 to auTO a^yj/xa 
 Karea-rrjcrev avnav rrjv (paXayya coarrep ro irpcorov /la-^ov- 
 fxevo^ avvrjEL. 0)9 he elhop ol EXXrjve'^ e'y'yL'9 re ovra<; Kai 
 rraparerayfxevov^y auoa rraLavLaavre<^ errrjecrav rroXv en irpo- 
 Oufiorepov tj ro irpoaOev. 11. 01 h av /3ap/3apoL ovk ehe- 
 ')(ovro^ aXX eK rrXeLovo<i rj ro rrpoorOev ec^evyov 01, h eire- 
 hio)KOv M^XP^ Ka)/jLr]<; rtvo<^' 12. evravOa h ecrrrjaav ol 
 tjX\r)ve<;' vTrep yap T779 Konfir}^ yr]Xo(po<^ rjv, ecp ov avearpa- 
 <f>T]crav OL ujjic^L jSaaLXea^ ire^oL /Jbev ovKerL, rcov he LTrirecov 
 o \o0o9 eveTrXrjaOr]^ coare ro rroLov/ievov fjLrj yLyvwaKetv. 
 KaL ro paatXeLou arjaeLov opav ecpaaav aeiov riva ')^pV(Tovv 
 eiTL TreXrr) eirt ^vXov avarerafxevov. 13. errei he KaL ev- 
 Tav9 e-^oipovv ol EXXijve'^, XeLirovaL hrj KaL rov \o(f)Ov ol 
 iTTTrei^' ov /jLrjv erL adpooL aXX aXXoL aXXodev e\lrLXovro 
 o A.0909 rcov LTTTrecov TeA,09 oe KaL iravre'^ (trre')(^(Dp'r)(Tav. 
 14. ovv KXeap^o<; ovk ave^L/Sa^ev eirt rov Xo(f)ov^ aXX 
 VTT avrov (Trrjaa<^ ro arparevjxa rrefxiTeL Avklov rov Zvpa- 
 KoaLov KaL aXXov ervL rov Xo(f)ov KaL KeXeveL KaTLhovra<; ra 
 
36 Retreat of the Ten Thousand. [Xen. 
 
 VTrep Tov \o(fiov tl €<ttlv aTrayyetXai. 15. kul o Av/cio<; 
 rfkaae re kul ISoov uTrayyeWei on (f>€vyovcrtv ava Kparo^. 
 ayeSov 8 ore ravra r)V Kai rj\to<; eSuero. 16. evravda S 
 €(TT7]crav Oh EXXr)V6<; Kat Oe^Jbevot ra oirXa aveiravovTo • /cat 
 aycta fiev edav/jLa^ov otl ovSa/jtov Kvpo<; (paLvocro ov8 aXXo'i 
 air avTOV ovheL<; irapeiT)' ov yap ySeaav avjov TeOvrjKora^ 
 aXX ELfca^op rj BtcoKovra 0L')(ea6ai tj KaTaX7]y^ofievov tl nrpo- 
 ekTfXaKevai' 17. Kat avroi efSovXevovro ec avrov pL€Lvavre<^ 
 
 V ./ 5«^V ,\3/ JVV / 
 
 ra aK€vo(popa evravtfa ayoivro rj aTTioiev €7rt ro crrparo- 
 TreSop. eBo^ev avTOL<i aTrtevai' Kau a<ptKvovvTat a/jL<f)L Sop- 
 irrjarov eirt ra? a/crjva^. 1§. TavTrj<^ fiev tt}? rjp.epa<; rovro 
 ro r€Xo<; eyeveio. KaraXafjufBavovau he rcov re aXXcop XPV' 
 fxarcov ra TrXetara CirjpiraaiJLeva Kat ev ri crircov r) ttotov 
 rjv^ Kau Ta? afjia^a<^ /jLecrTa<; aXevpwv Kat olvov^ a? Trape- 
 GKevaoajo Kvpo^ ova, et irore a(f)oBpa ro arparevpca Xa^ot 
 evheia, ScaBocrj rot's EXXrjaiv rjaav h avrai rerpaKoaiat 
 CO? eXeyovro afjia^ai ' kol ravra<; rore ol aw (3a(rtXe2 htrip- 
 iracrav. 19. ware aSeiTrvoi rjcrav ol rrXeboroL roiv EXXrj- 
 vcoi>' "rjaav oe KaL avapLaroL' irptv yc^p ^V icaraXvaai to 
 arparevp>a rrpo<i apiarov paaLXevi 6(pav7]. ravTrjv /xev ovv 
 
 N 
 
 Tr]v pv/cra ovrco SLeyevopro. 
 
 BOOK SECOND. 
 
 I, fl<; fiep ovp rjOpoLaOrj Kvpco ro EXXtjvl/cop ore cttl 
 rop aoeXcpop Apra^ep^rjp earparevero^ Kat oaa ev rrj apooo) 
 eirpa-^^drj KaL 0)9 r] piwyr} eyevero KaL &>? Kvpo<^ ereXevrrjcre 
 Kau ft)? €7n ro arparorreSop eX^oi^re? ol EXXr]P6<; e/coLfir]' 
 Orjaap OLOfievoL ra wapra PLKap kul Kvpop ^rjp^ €P rw e/x- 
 wpoaOep Xoyoi heSi]X(DraL. 2. afia Be rrj ijfjiepa avveX6ovTe<i 
 
Anab. 2, 1.] Proposal to make Ajiaeus King. 37 
 
 ot arpaTTjyoL eOavfia^ov oti> Kupo<; ovre aX\oi> irefJiiTOi arj' 
 fiavovvra o ri ')(pr] iroieiv ovre avTo<; (pacvoLTO. eSo^cu ovu 
 avToi'i (ruaKevaaafjL6uot<; a ec^ov kuc e^o7r\iaa[ievoL<i Trpo'C- 
 evai et? to nrpoadev eco? K.i'p(p (7VfjLfxL^€Lai>. 3. 7)877 Be ev 
 opfjirj ovrcDV aixa i)\L(p avLcr^ovrc rfkOe IIpoKXi)'^ 6 TevOpa- 
 via<; ap'^oiv, <y6yov(o<; ano Aa/uLaparov rod Aukwi^o^;, koI 
 T\ov<; 6 Ta/jico. ovtoc tXeyov ort Kvpo<; fxev reOvrjKev, 
 
 ApLaLo<^ Se 7r6(f)6vyco<; ev TCr> araOixcp eui) /juera rcov aW(ov 
 ^apfSapcou bOev ttJ 'rrporepaLa copfMTjvTO, /cat XeyoL otc rav' 
 rrjv /xev Tr)v ijfxepav irepc/uLeLyetev av aviov^^ et /leWotev 
 rjKeiv, rr] 3e aWrj aTTievau (f)aLrj ^htl I(jL>vLa<^^ odevirep rjXde. 
 4. ravra aKovcraure'; ot arpar^jyoL kul ol clWol ' EX\r)ve<i 
 TTwdavofievot ^apeco^ ecpepov. KXsap^o^ he raBe elirev, 
 
 AXX axj^eXe /jlev Kvpo<; l^rjv eirec he TereXevTTjKev^ a-nay^ 
 yeXXere Apiaio) bri, 77/xeZ? viKwixev re ^aacXea koI <y? opare 
 ouSet? ert -qpuv fjLa')(erai, icau et /jLt] vixel<^ rjXOere, eiropevofxeda 
 av eiTt (3a(TLXea. eirayyeXXofieOa he ApLalw^ eav evddSe 
 eXOrj^ 6t? Tov Opovov rov ^aaiXeiov Kadieiv avrov • rcov yap 
 fjici^r) vLK(s)VT(ov Kat TO ap-)(eiv eari. 5. Tac^T eiTroyv anro" 
 (TjeXXeL Tov<i ayykXov^ fcat, arvv avTol<^ XeLptcTK^ov jov Ai- 
 Kcova KUL Mevcova rov ©erTaXov kol yap avro<; Meucov 
 efiovXeTO • r]v yap (f)LXo<; koI ^evo<; ^Apiauov. 6. 01 aev 
 M^ovTO, KXiap'^o<; he TrepLe/ieve. to he arpcncvfia eiropi,^ 
 ^eTo (TOTov 077(0^ ehwajo eK rwv vTro^uyicov Koirrovre^ rou9 
 fiov<i Kau ovov<i' ^vXoL<^ h e^pcoi^To /jLCKpov 7rpol'ovTe<^ otto 
 tt}? (j)aXayyo(i ov r] fjia^V ^y^vero rol^ re OiCTot? ttoXXoU 
 ovaiv, ou? TjvayKal^ov ot ' EXX7}ve<; efc/SaXXecv tou? aviofio' 
 XovvTWi nrapa 0acrLX€CD<^, kul rot? yeppoL<; Kau TaL<; aaTnau 
 Tat? ^vXLvat.^ Tat? AtyvTrrLai^;' TroXXal he kol TreXrai Ka\ 
 a/xa^at rjcrav (j>epea6ac eprj/juoi* ot? Traat 'X^pco/jLevot Kpea 
 €\|roi/Te? rjaOiov eneLvr}v 7i]v r)fiepav. 7, kol rjhr] le r]v irepl 
 
38 Retreat of the Ten Thousand. [Xex. 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 irXi'iOovaav ujopai' kcll ep^^ovTUL irapa l3aaLXe(i><; kul Tia- 
 aa(f)€pvov<; fcripvfce<; ol /xeu clWol /Sap/Sapoc^ rju o avrcou 
 ^aXlvo^ eh ' EXXrjv, o? ervyx^^^ irapa TiaaacfiepveL cop kul 
 evrlfico'^ eycov • kol jap irpoaeTroieLTO eTTiarrj/jLcou elvai tcov 
 d/JLCJH Tafet? re koI o7r\o/xa;)^tai/. 8. ovtol Se irpoaeXdovre^; 
 Kol KaXeaavT€<; rov^; tcdv 'EXXT]V(t)v ap)(^ovTa<; Xejovauv on 
 fiaaiXev^ KeXeueu tou? "EXXr)va<i, eirel vckcjv rvyx^^^^^ '^^^ 
 Kvpov (jLTreicrove^ irapaBovra^ ra oirXa Lovra<^ eiru ra<; ^aai' 
 Xeco<; dupa<; evpiCTKeaOai av rt Svvcovrat ayaOov. 9. ravra 
 jjbkv elirov ol ^aaiXea)^ KrjpvKC^;' ol he EXXrjve<^ ^apeco^ fxev 
 rjKovaaVt o/jLQ)<; Se KXiap')(o^ roaovjou eiirev, ore ov rcov vc- 
 K(ov7Q)P €L7) TO, oTrXa TTapaSiBovat ' aXX , e^?;, u/u-et? /xe^*, co 
 avhpe^ arpar7]joL^ rovroL<; airoKpLvaarOe o tl KaXXiarov re 
 KOL apiarov e^^^ere* eyco Se avriKa rj^w. eicaXeae yap rt? 
 av70V T(i)v virrjpeiwv^ ottco? ihoi ra iepa e^riprj/xepa ' ervx^ 
 rvap Ovofievo'^. 10. evda Brj aTreKpcvaTO KXeavcop fiev o 
 ^ ApKa<; 7Tp€a(3vTaT0^ cov on irpoaOev av aTroOavoiev rj la 
 oirXa 'jrapaBolev Upo^evo^ he 6 0?;/3ato<?, AXX eyco^ €(j)rj, 
 o) ^aXlve^ Oav/id^Q) Trorepa «? Kparwv fBacnXevi atrel ra 
 oirXa T) CO? hid (faXtav hcopa. et ixeu yap ro? Kparcov, n hei, 
 avTOv anelv fcac ov Xa/Selv eXOovia; eu he Tretaa? /SovXerat, 
 Xa^elv^ Xeyer(i) tl earai rot? arpaTLcoraL^;, eav avrco ravra 
 '^apLcroyvTaL. 11. Trpo? ravra ^aXlvo<^ elrre, BaaLXev<; vLKav 
 TjyeLraL, eireL Kvpov arreKrove. rL<; yap avrca earLv oon<^ 
 rrfi apXV'^ avTLiroielraL ; vofiL^eL he kul f/za? eavrov elvai, 
 e^fov ev fjuearj rr) eavrov X^P^ '^^^ rroraiiwv evro<i ahLajSa- 
 rcov KaL 7rXrj6o<; avOpcorrwv ecf) vfxd<; hwajjuevo^; ayayelv oaov 
 ovh €1 rrape^oL v/jllv hvvaiaOe av airoicrelvaL. 12. fxera 
 rovrov &eo7TO/jL7To<; AOrjvalo'i eiirev, */2 ^aXlve, vvv, o)? crv 
 opa^., 7j/jLiv ovoev eaiLV ay auov aXXo €l fjii) orrXa KaL apery], 
 oirXa fJLev ouv ej^'oi/re? OLofieOa av kul rr) apery ^prycr^at. 
 
 ^ 
 
Anab. 2, 1.] Surrender of the Greeks demanded. 39 
 
 irapaSovref; S av ravra Kai rcov aco/X(na)V (nepr]6r)vai. fir) 
 ovv olov ra fiova ayaQa 7]/jLlv ovra vfjulv TrapaScoaetv^ aWa 
 (Tvi> rovTOL<; Kac irepc rwv v/jLerepcov ayadcov fxaj^ovfjieda. 
 13. aKOvaa<; 8e ravra 6 ^a\lvo<; eyeXaae Kau elirev^ AWa 
 (pLXoadcfyw {lev eoiKa^^ co veavLaxe, Kac Xej6C<^ ovk w^dpiara • 
 'laSc fjuevTOL dv6r]To<; cov, ei ocet rr]v vixeiepav aperi]v irepi- 
 yeveaOai av rrj^; j3aaiXe(£><; hwafiew^. 14. aWov^ Be Tcva<i 
 €(f)aaav Xejeov v7ro/jia\aKi^o/jL€vov<; co? Kac Kvpo) Trcaroc 
 eyevovTO Kac /3acrtX.et av ttoWov a^Loc yevocvro, ec ^ovXocto 
 (piXo^ yeveaOac Kac eure aXXo re 6eXoc ')(pr)a6ac ecr err 
 AtyvTrTov arpareveiv, avyKaraarpe'^acvT ecu avrco. 15. ev 
 rovTW KXeap-^o^; rjKe, Kac iQpcorrjaev ec rjSt] airoKeKpifxevoc 
 elev. ^a\LVo<^ he vTroXa^cov ecTrev. Ovroc fiev^ co KXeap-^^^e, 
 aXXo<; dXXa Xeyec av S r]pLiv ecire re Xeyet?. 16. 6 8 
 elirev^ Eyco ere. co 'PaXcve^ acr/jcevo^ ewpaKa^ ol/jiac Se Kac oc 
 aXXoc TTuvre^ • av re yap EXXrjv ec Kac rj^iec^; roaovroc 
 ovre<; oaov<; av opa<;' ev Tocovroc<i Be ovre^ irpay/xaac avjuc- 
 ^ovXevo/j.e0a aoc re ')(pr] irocelv irepc cov Xe-yet?. 17. av ovv 
 TT^o? 6e(i)v avfjiSovXevaov yficv o re aoc BoKec KuXXcarov Kac 
 apcarov ecvac, Kac o aoc Tifj,rjv ocaec et? top eirecra ypovov 
 Xeyo/jievov^ ore ^aXtvo'^; irore 7Tefi(fj6ec^ irapa ^aacXeco^ Ke- 
 Xevacov tou9 EXXrjva^ ra orrXa irapaBovvac av/jC0ovXevo- 
 /j.€voc<^ avvefSovXevaev avToc<i ruBe. olada Be ore avayKT} 
 Xeyeadac ev tt) EXXaBc a av avfjc/3ovXevar)<^. 18. 6 Be 
 KXeapy^o^ ravra v7rr)yejo /3ovXo/jcevo<^ Kac avrov rov irapn 
 ^aacXeco<i irpea^evovra avfJulBovXevaac fxri irapaBovvac ra 
 oirXa, OTTO)? eveX-rrcBe'^ jjlccXXov ecev oi EXXr]ve<;. ^aXu'o^ 
 Be virnaTpe'^a'^ irapa rrjv Bo^av avrou ecTrev^ 19. ^Eyco, el 
 fiev 7(ov fxvpiiov eXTTcBoiv fxca tc<s vfilv eaTc acodrjvac TroXe- 
 fji,ovvra<i jSaacXec, av/j,l3ovXev(o /jlj] TrapahiBovac ra birXa • ec 
 Be Toc fjLTjBe/jLca acoTrjpca'^ earcv eXirc^ dK0VT0<^ l3aacXe(D<^^ 
 
40 Retreat of the Ten Thousand. [Xen. 
 
 (TVfil3ov\€V(o aw^eadai, vfilv otttj Suvarov. 20. KXeap^o? Se 
 7ry309 ravra elirev^ ^ AWa javra fiev Br) ov Xe^yet?* irap 
 ruiwv he aTrayyeWe raSe, bri, 7;/xet9 oiOfieOa^ ei fxev BeoL /9a- 
 atXel ^l\ov<; elvai, 7T\€L0P0<i av a^LOt elvac (piXoc e-y^ovre*; ra 
 OTrXa 77 irapaBovre^ aXkw, ei he heoi TroXe/jielv, afxeivov av 
 iroXefxelv eyovre^; ra oirXa rj aXXay TrapaoovTe^. 21. he 
 ^aXLvo<i elire^ Tavra /xev hr] aTrajjeXov/juev ' aXXa kul rahe 
 vfjLLv enrelv cKcXevae fSacnXevs on, fxevovai /nev ainov airov- 
 oai eorjaau^ irpoiovai oe kul aTrwvai 7roA6/i.o?. eunraje ovv 
 KCLb Trepi Tovrou irorepa pbevene Kai ouovhai eiaiv tj &;? 
 'TToXe/jiov ovTo<i Trap vfiwv aTrayyeXco. 22. KXeap-^oi; h 
 eXe^ev, AiriiyyeXXe tolvvv Kai irept tovtov otl rcai ')]/j,2v 
 Tavra hoKel airep Kat /SaariXet. Tl ovv Tavra eartv ; edir) 
 ^aXLVo<;. aireKptvaro K.Xeap')(o<;^^ Hv fxev /j^evoi/xev, arrovhai, 
 amovai he Kau irpo'Covai iroXefMO';. 23. o he iraXiv rjpairrj- 
 ae, ^'7rovha<; 7] TroXefiov airayyeXw ; KXtap-^o^ he ravra 
 irdXiv drreKpLvaro^ Xrrovhai fiev fjuvovaiv, amovaL he rj 
 irpoiovai iToXefJbo^. o n oe irotriaoi ov OLearjfxrjve. 
 
 II, 4>aX2vo<; fjLev hr] co^^to Kai. ol ovv avrco. ol he rrrapa 
 Apcatov Yjicov npo/cXrj^i Kai Xetpcao(f)o<;' MevcDv he avrov 
 efxeve rrapd Apiaicp' ovroi he eXeyov on 7roXXov<i (fiaiTj 
 ApLato^; elvai Tlep(Ta<^ eavrov (BeXnov^^ ov? ovk av avaaye- 
 crOai avrov ^aatXevovro<^ ' aXX ei ^ovXeaOe avvaTnevat^ 
 7JK6LV 7]h7} KeXeveL TT}^ vvfcro<;. eu he fir], avro<; irpa) aircevai 
 (f)7](ji,v. 2. 6 ^e KXeap')(o<; elirev^ AXX ovrco 'y^prj Troieiv 
 eav puev rffccofiev, coairep Xeyere- et he fir), tt parr ere ottoIov 
 av Tt vfiLV oirjaue fiaXiara crvficpepecv. o tl oe iroirjaoc 
 ovhe TovroL<^ euTre. 3. fxera ravra r)hr) tjXlov hvvovro<^ avy- 
 KaXecra<i rov<i arparr)yov<; Kai Xo'^ayov^ eXe^e roiahe. Efioi, 
 (t) avhpe<^, 6vofi€VM tevai em /SaaiXea ovk eyuyvero ra cepa, 
 Kai eiKorw^ apa ovk eyuyvero • w? yap eyco vvv irvvOavofiai, 
 €V fiea(o vnftjv Km BaatXero'^ o Ttypv^ 7rnraao<^ ecrn vattfTi- 
 
 ^ 
 
AxAB. 2, II.] The Greeks join Anaeiis, 41 
 
 7ropo<;, ov ou/c av BvvaL/jieOa aveu TrXoioyv Bca/SrjvaL* irXoua 
 he rjfJLel^ ov/c e^o/jLep. ov fiev 8/y avrov ye fj-evetv olov re* 
 ra yap eTriTrjBeca oufc eanv e'^eiv tevac Be irapa tov? Kv- 
 pov (pcXov^ irdvv Koka -^puv ra lepa rjv. 4. cuSe ouv ^(^pr) 
 iroLelv aiTLOvra'^ SeiTrvelv o tl tl<; e;^ef eirethav he ar}in]vrj 
 TO) Kepari co? dvairaveaOai, crvaKeva^eaOe' eireioav oe to 
 Bevrepov, dvarWeaOe eirl ra viro^vjLa' eiru he too Tpticp 
 eireaOe tw rjyovfjLevw^ rd fxev viro^vyia e-^ovTe<; tt^o? 7GV 
 iTOTa/j.ov, rd he oirXa e^co. 5. ravra aKovaavre^ oi o-jpa- 
 rrjjoi Kac XoyayoL aTrrjXdov kul eTTOcovv ovtco. Kac to 
 XoLTTov 6 fJLev rjp-^ev, ol he eTretOovTo^ ol*^ e\o[xevoi, aXXa 
 opoivie^ on fxdvo^ ecfypdvec ota hel tov ap)(^ovTa, ol h aXXou 
 direipot, rjcrav. O. dpiOpA)<^ he rrj^ ohov rjv rjXdov ef £^e- 
 aov T?7? l(DVLa<^ I^^XP^ '^^'^ A'-'^X^** aradfjcoi TpeL<; kul evevj]- 
 Kovra, irapaaayyai irevie icai TptaKOvra Kau TrevTaKoaiOL^ 
 oraOcoL 'irevj7)fcovTa Kac e^afCL(T')(^bXiOi. Kat, p,vpcoc • airo oe 
 T17? yL6a^77? eXeyovTo eivat et? Ba/SvXcoi^a arahcoc e^rjKOvra 
 Kac TpiaicoaiOL. 7. evrevdev eirei (tkoto^ eyevero McXtokv- 
 6ri<; (jiev 6 Spa^ ^X^^ rov^; re LTnrea^ tou<; fied eaviov et? 
 rerrapaKOvra Kac rcov ire^wv ©patccov &)? rpcaKoacov^; tjvto- 
 /jio\7)ae 7rpo9 ^aatXea. 8. Is Xeap^o<i he rot<; aXXoL<i rjyeiro 
 Kara ra TraprjyyeXfjueva, ol h eLirovro' Kai a<^LicvovvraL et? 
 TOV TTpwTov araOpov rrapa ApLalov kul ttjv eKeLvov arpa- 
 TLav a/jL(f)L pecra<; vvKTa<; • kul ev Ta^eL Oep^evoL ra oirXa 
 avvYjXOov OL (TrparrjyoL KaL Xo^ayoL twv EXXtjvcov Trapa 
 AptaLov • KaL (o/jLoaau 01 re EXX7]ve<; KaL ApLa>io<; Kac 
 Tcou (Tvv avTco OL KpuTLaTOL /jLrjTe TrpoocoaeLV aWi^Xov^ avp,- 
 fiaj^oL re eaeaOaL' ol he /Sap^apoL Trpocrco/JLoaav kgl riyr\ae' 
 aQaL aho\(o<^. O. ravra h iop,oaav^ a(^a^avTe<^ ravpov Kai 
 A.VK0V KaL Kairpov KaL KpLOV et? acnrLoa, ol p^ev ±ljX\r]ve<i 
 ^a7rrovre<; ^L(f)o<;, ol he ^dp^apoL \dyy(r)v. 10. evret he ra 
 TTLcrrd eyevero^ elirev 6 KXeapvo^;, Aye hn, co AoLale, eireL- 
 
42 Retreat of ike Ten Thousand, [Xen. 
 
 irep avTO<; vfjuv aroXo^ ecrrt Kat 7]fiLV, eiire liva yvQj/jLrjv 
 e^et? Trepl t^? iropeia^;^ irorepov airijjuev r]V7rep 7]\6o/i€v r) 
 aK\r]v TLva evvevorjKevai So/cet? oBov Kpeurjco. 11. o S el- 
 irev, '^ Rv p^ev rjXOopev aTrcovTe^; iravje\(jL><^ av viro \ipov 
 airoXolpeOa' v'Trap')(ei, jap vvv ijplv ovhev iwv eirnriheLwv. 
 eTnatcaiheica 'yap ajaO/xcov rcov eyyvTarco ovBe Bevpo iovt€<^ 
 Ik Try? y(jL>pa<^ ovhev €Lj(op,ev Xap^fSavetv • ei/da S ei, tl tjv, rjpel<; 
 hiaiTopevop.evoi KaT6Ba7ravi]crapev. vvv S eirivoovixev iropev- 
 eadai paicpoiepav pev, rcov 8 eiTLTrjheLwv ovk aTroprjaopev. 
 12. iropevitov h ')]plv tou? Trpcorovs ora6pov<i &)? av BvvcopeOa 
 paKporaroviy Lva co? irXelarov wTTOoTraaOwp.ev tov /3ao lXlkov 
 cTTparev/jLaro'^' rjv yap aira^ hvo t) rpiwv rjpepcov oBov aTTo- 
 aywpev, ovKeri /jlt} hwri-rai ^aacXev^ Tjpa^ KaTa\a(3elv. oXijay 
 pev yap crrpaTev/jiarL ou ToXp^rjaet e(^e7rea6ai' ttoXvv B e'^cov 
 OToXov ou hwriaerai ra'^eco'; iropeveaOai' tao)? oe kql tcov 
 
 5 rv / r> / >/ , ^ r 3/3/ 
 
 e7rLr7]0€L(ov arraviei. Tavrrjv^ €(pr), rrjv yvcofjirjv ej^co e'yco'ye. 
 
 13. ^ Hv Be avrr] rj arpanjyca ovBev aXXo Bvvaptvr) rj 
 airoBpavat rj a7TO(f)vye2v r] Be rv^r] earparriyrjae KaXXiov, 
 eirel yap rjpepa eyevero^ eiropevovro ev Be^ta e^oi'Te? rov 
 yXtov^ Xoyi^opevot rj^etv a\xa rjXiw ovvovn a? Kwpa<^ rijf; 
 Ba0vX(Oina<^ j^^oypaf; ' kql rovro fxev ovk eyjrevaOrjaav. 
 
 14. €TL Be apcjn BeiXrjv eBo^av 7roXe/uLLov<; opav tTTTrea?* Kut 
 Twv re EXXr]vwv ol prj erv^ov ev ral^; ra^eatv ovre^ et? ra? 
 ra^et^ tueov, Km Apuaio^, ervyj^^ave yap e<p apa^rj^ iropevo- 
 pevo<^ Blotc ererpMro, Kara^a^; eOcopaKi^ero Kav oi aw avrw. 
 
 15, ev <p Be MirXi^ovro tjkov Xeyovre^; ol 7rpo7rep(f)6evTe<i 
 CKOTTOL on ovj^ iTnTeL<^ etcnv aXX vTroQvyia vepono. Kat 
 
 ' /) \ 3/ / (It! 1 <> ' o 
 
 e>:uv<^ eyvwaav iravTe^ otl eiyyu? ttov earparoTreoeieTO paai- 
 Aei;?* K(n yap Km kqitvo^ ecpaLvero ev /rcoyu-ai? ov irpocw. 
 J 6. hXeap>^o<^ Be ern pev tou? rroXeiXLOV'^ ovk i-jyev yBec 
 
 ^V3 / V / \3/j/ 
 
 yap Kac aireiprjKOTa'; TOf? arpa7i(jOTa<i Kat aabrov<; ovra^' 
 1.^^ Bf Kn.i. ^\^re r>v' OV uevTOL ovBe aireKXive, SvXarTop,evo<i 
 
Anab. 2, III.] Alarm of the King, 43 
 
 yLfcA/ bofcoLT] <p€vy€LV, a\X evuvcopov aycDV afia tw r)\ia) ovo- 
 jjievw et? Ta? eyyvTaTco «;w/Lta? rof? irpwrov^ ^X^^ KareaKr]- 
 vcoaev, e^ d)v hn^piraaro viro rov jSaatXiKov arparevfjiaTOf; 
 Kat avTii ra airo tcop olklwv ^vXa. 17. ot, /j,ev ovv TrpcoToo 
 o/xco(; TpoTTW Tivt, ecTT pat oTTehevaavTo, ol Be voTepoi cTKoraiOL 
 7rpoaLovTe<i w? ervyyavov e/caaroL rjvXt^ovTo, Kat Kpavyrjv 
 iroWrjv eTTOiovv KaXovvre^ aWrjXou?, oxJTe Kac tou? ttoXc- 
 ^Lov<; aKovetv cocne oc jxev eyyvrara twv TroXeiicwv Kac 
 €4)vyov eic rcov aKTjfCDfxarcjv. 18. SrjXov Be rovro rr) uare- 
 pala eyevero- ovre yap vTro^vycov er ovhev e<j)(LV7] ovre 
 orpaioTTehov ovre Karrvo^; ovhajjbov TrXrjacov. e^errXayr] Se, 
 o)"? eot/c6^ Kac /SaaiXev^ irj tc^ohw rov arpaTevfiaTo^;. eBrj- 
 Xcoae Be rovro ot? rjj vcrrepata errparre. 19. rTpo'Cov(T7)<^ 
 fievroL tt;? vvKro'^ ravr7}<; Kau TOt? EXXrjai <po/3o<; efJirmrrei, 
 Kai 6Gpv^o<; Kau Bov7ro<; rjv olov €lko<; (j)o/3ov efxireGovro'^ yiy- 
 veaOat. 20. KX€ap-^o<; Be ToX/jbiBrjv HXelov, ov ervyyavev 
 eywv Trap eauro) KVjpvKa apcarov rcov rore, rovrov avenreLV 
 EKeXevae cnyi)v KaraKripv^avra on rrpoayopevovaiv oi ap'^ov- 
 Te?, o? ai> rov uipevra rov ovov et? ra oirXa /jbrjvvcrrj, on Xriyfre- 
 rai pbiaOov raXavrov apyvpbov. 21. eirei Be ravra eKr]pv)(6rj, 
 eyvwaav oi arpancorat on Kevo<; o ^opo<; ecr) Kai ot ap-^ov- 
 Te? acjoob. a/xa Be opdpco rraprjyyeiXev o KXeap^o<; ei? ra^iv 
 ra oirXa nOeaOai tou? EXXrjva^; ywep eiy(ov ore r)V rj fxayrr]. 
 III. '^ O Be Br) eypay\ra on ^aatXev^ e^errXayT) rrj e<j)6Bq), 
 ra)Be BrjXov rjv. rr) fiev yap irpoaOev rj/xepa irepbiroiv ra 
 oirXa irapaBiBovat eKeXeve, rore Be a/xa ijXtw avareXXovn 
 Kr]pvKa<i errefjiy^e rrepi arrovBcov. 2. oi B eTreu 7)X6ov Trpo? 
 Toi;? irpocpvXaKa^, e^i]rovv rof? ap'^ovra^. eireioi) oe airi^y- 
 yeXXov ol TrpocpvXuKe^;, K.Xeap'^O'^ rv^^cov rore ra? ra^€i<; 
 eTT icr Koir cDv ecne roi<^ 7rpo(f)vXa^b KeXeveiv rov<; KiipuKa^ irepi- 
 fxevetv a'^pu av cr')(^oXaarf. 3. eirec Be Kare(Tr7)ae ro arpa- 
 revfia ojare /caXcu? ey^cv opaadac rrdvrr] chaXayya rrvKvrjv, 
 
44 Retreat of the Ten Thousand. [Xe?^. 
 
 Twv Se aoirXayv /Jbrj^eva Karac^avrj elvau^ e/caXeae tov<^ ayye- 
 Xou?, Kol auTo<; re irporjXOe rou? re evoirXoTarov^; e%a)f Kai, 
 evetheaTarov^i tcop aurov arparicoTcov Kat tol^; aXXoc<; crrpa- 
 TTjyoL'^ ravra ecf^paaev. 4. evret Se rjv iTpo<^ TOi<; ajyeXoi<^y 
 avTjpcDTa TL ^ovXoLVTo. OL 8 eXeyov on irepi airovhwv rjKOiev 
 avhp€<; 0Lrcv6<; iKavou eaovrai ra re irapa l3aaLX6(o<; To2<i 
 EXXr^aiv aTTayyeiXai Kat ra irapa jcov EXXrjvwv ^aaiXec. 
 5. 6 Be aireKpivaro^ AirayyeXXere tolvvv avrco oti /uq^t;? 
 Set irpoirov apiarov yap ovk eanv ovh 6 roX/j>ria(ov irept 
 (TTTOvScov Xeyetv rot? EXXrjaL /jlt) iropLcra'; apicnov. 6. rav- 
 ra afcovcravre^ oi ayyeXoc a7n]Xavvov, kol rjKov ra'^v o) Kai 
 BrjXov Tjv on eyyt"? ttov ^acnXev^ rjv rj aXXo<i rt? o) eirere- 
 taKTo lavia irpaTieiv • eXeyov Be otl eiKora BoKOtev Xeyetv 
 jSacriXel, Kat rjKOiev rjyefxova<; e')(pvTe<^ di avrov;, eav (tttov- 
 Bao yevoavjai^ a^ovcnv evdev e^ovai ra eir irriBeia. 7, o Be 
 rjpodra ei avroi<i Tot? avBpaai cirevBoiTO lovcl Kat airLovatv, 
 Tj Kai roi<; aXXoL<i eaotvro crirovBat. oi Be, Airaaiv, e^aaaVy 
 fJt'e^pi ciV ^acnXel ra 'Trap vfxwv BiayyeXOrj. §. eTret Be 
 ravTa elirov^ fieraaTr}(Ta/jbevo<; avT0v<i o KXeap'^o<; ejSovXev- 
 €70' Kat eBofcei, Ta'^v ra<^ fiirovBa^i iroLeicOaL Kai KaO rjo-v- 
 yiav eXOelv re ein ra e7rirr]Beia Kat Xa^elv. 9. o Be KXe- 
 ap)(^o<; e'cTTe, AoKei [xev Ka/jLot ravra • ov fieurot ra'^v ye 
 arrayyeXco^ aXXa Btarpcy^a) ear av OKvqacoaLv ot ayyeXoc 
 fiT] arroBo^T) tj/jllu ra? airovBaf; iroLT^aaaOat' ol/iac ye jiev- 
 TOi. e(f>r}, Kat, roi<; r]iierepoi<^ <7rpancDTai<; rov avrov (f)ol3ov 
 nrapeaeoOai. eiret Be eBoKeu Kaipo'^ elvai, airriyyeXK.ev on 
 GrrevBoiro, koI ev6v^ rjyelaOai eKeXeve 7rpo<; ramrriBeLa. 
 10. Kau 01 fjLev ijyovvro^ KXeap')(^o<^ fxevroi erropevero ra? /lev 
 o-7roi>Ba<i 7roLrjao/jLevo<;^ to Be Grparevfxa e^cov ev ra^ei, Kau 
 avro<; (OTnadotpvXaKeL. Kat everuy^avov ra(f)pot<; Kai av- 
 X(oatv vBarof; rrXrjpeaiv ox? /jur) BuvaaOai Bta^atveLV aveu ye-' 
 (pupcov aXX erroLovvro eK rcou (pocvcKwi^ ol 7]aav etcTreTrrco- 
 
AxAB. 2, III.] Truce with the King, 45 
 
 AToVe?, Tou? 8e KCLi e^efcoTTTOV. 11. /cat evravOa r}V KXeap-^ov 
 KaTafiaOelv w? eVecrTaTet, eV ^ei^ r^ apca-repa xetpt to So/^y 
 eycov^ ev he rrj Se^ia /SaKTTjpcap' kul eu rt? avTui Bokolt) twv 
 TToo? TOVTO rerayfxevwv ^XaKeveuv^ 6K\€yofjL€vo<; top cttltt]- 
 Becov eiraicrev av, koI afjua avro^ irpoaeXaixjBavev eL<i jov 
 irrfkov €/jLl3aivo)V ware iracnv aLO-^vvrjv eivai firj ov ovairov- 
 hd^etv. 12. KctX eTa')(6r)aav fxev 7rpo<; avrou ol rpiaKovra 
 €77] y6yov6T€<; • eTrec Be Kac K\eap-)(^ov ewpwv GTrovda^ovra, 
 TrpoaeXdfM^apov koI ol Trpea/SvTepoc. 13. ttoXv Se fxaXXov 
 6 KX€ap^o<; ecrirevhev^ vTroTrreucov /jltj aei ovrco 7rXT]p€t<; elvat 
 Ta? Td(Ppov^ vBaTo<i' ov yap rjv copa oia to irehiov apBecv 
 (IX'X! Iva rjSrj iroXXd irpo^aivoiTO toI^ EXXrjac SeLva et? rrjv 
 rropeiav^ rovrov eveKa /Saa-tXea virwirrevev evrt to ireScov to 
 vBcop a(j)eLKevaL. 14. Tropevofievoo Se a(f)LK0UT0 et? Kcofia<i 
 odeu aireSeL^av ol r)y6/jLove<; Xa/i^avetv tu 67rLTr]8eta. evrjv 
 he crtT09 TToXvi Kac oivo<s (f)OiVLKcov fcat o^o<; e-\p"r)Tov airo twv 
 avTwv. 15. avTUt he at, ^aXavoi tcov (poLvcKcov oca<; /uuev ev 
 Tot9 ' EiXXrjcnv eaTtv ihelv Tot? oiKerai'^ aireKeiVTO, at he Tot? 
 heaiToraL<; uTTOKec/jievai rjaav airoXeicToi^ Oavfjiaaiai tov kuX- 
 Xov<; KCLi fieyeOov^, rj he o-v^rt? rfkeKTpov ovhev htecfiepe • Ta<; 
 he Tti'a? ^7]paLvovT€<; TpayrffxaTa aTreTiOeaav. Kai rjv Kac 
 TTapa TTOTov Tjhv fjLev^ K6^aXaXye<; he. 16. evravOa Kac tov 
 eyKecpaXov tov <poLVtKO<i irpcoTOV 6(f)ayov oc GTpaTiwTac^ Kac 
 ol 'TToXXol edavfjuaaav to Te €lho<; Kac ttjv chcoT7]Ta T'lfy? t^hovrj^, 
 Tjv he cr(f)ohpa Kac tovto Ke^aXaXye's. o he (^olvc^ oOev 
 e^atpeOeLT) 6 eyKe(paXo(; oXo^ avacveTO. 
 
 17. EvTavda efjcecvav rjixepa^ Tpel<;' Kac Trapa /jceyaXov 
 ySacrtXeo)? rjice Tccraacfyepvr]'^ Kac o t?}? /SacrcXeco^ yvvaiKO^^ 
 dheX(^o<^ Kac aXXoc Uepaac Tpet?" hovXoc he ttoXXoc etirovTo. 
 eirec he aTrrjVTTjcrav avTol<^ oi tcov KXX7]vcov cTTpaTrjyoc, eXeye 
 TTpdoTO'^ Ticraa^epvT]'^ he epfjbrjveco'^ Tocahe. 18. Eyco^ co 
 avhpe<; EXXvve<;, yecTcov olkcd tv EXXahc, Kac eTrec vaa'i 
 
46 Retreat of the Ten Thousand, [Xen, 
 
 elhov 6L<i TToWa KcifjLrj'^ava TreTrrw/cora?, evprjfia €7roir]aa/jL7)v 
 eo TTCO'^ Swai/jLTju irapa ^acnXew^ airrjaaaOai hovvau eixoi 
 airoawaai v/jia<i ft? t?;!^ EWaSa. olfiai <yap av ovk a')^a- 
 pcarco^ /jlol 6^66^ ovie Trpo^ v/jlcov ovt€ Trpo? t?^? 7raar]<i iLX- 
 \aSo<;. 19. ravra he 'yvov<^ rjjoviJbr^v /SaatXea, Xeycov avrat 
 on SLKai(o<i av fMOt '^apt^oLTo^ otl avrw Kvpov re eTrcaTpa' 
 revovra irpcoTO'i yyyeiXa Kat j3o7]66tav e^wi^ afia rrj ayyeXia 
 a(^iK0fjL7]v^ KUL /jLOvo(; twv Kara tol"? EXX7}va<; rerayixevcDV 
 OVK €(f)vyou, aXXa hiijXaaa Kat avve/XL^a ^aacXel ev ro) vfxe- 
 Tep(p aTparoirehw^ evOa /SaatXevi acj^LKero, enrec Kvpov aire- 
 Kreive, Kat tou? ctvv Kvpw /Sap^apov; ehuco^a aw TotaSe 
 lol'^ irapovdi vvv fxer e/jiov, onrep avro) etat TTLaroraroi. 
 20. Kac irept fxev rovrcov vTrecr'^ero /jlol /SovXevaeadat' epe- 
 adai Be fie vfxa<; eKeXevaev eXOovra rivo^ eve/cev earpare-j- 
 aare eir aviov. Kat crv/jblSovXevQ) v/jllv [xeTpi(t)<; airoKptva- 
 crOau^ tva fxoi evirpaKTorepov rj eav tl Swco/jbat aya&ov v/ilv 
 Trap avrov hiairpa^aaOai, 21. Trpo? lavra /jLeTa<TTavT€<^ \ 
 OL EXXr)ve<; e(3ovXevovTO ' Kai aTreKpivavro, KXeap'^o<; S 
 eXeyev 'H/jLeL<; ovre avvr]X6ofjiev co? ^aauXei irdXein^tjovre^ 
 ovT eiropevofxeOa eirt /SaatXea, aXXa '7ToXXa<? 7rpo(f)aaec<; 
 Kvpo<; evpca/cev^ w? fcai av ev olaOa^ iva v/xa<; re uTrapa- 
 aKevov<^ XdBoi Kat 7]/uLa<i evOahe avayayoi. 22. errei ixevroi 
 rjBrj avrov ewpwfxev ev Setvu) ovra, ya^vvOrj/uiev Kai 6eov<; Kat 
 avupMTTovi rrpooovvai avrov, ev rep rrpoauev '^povcp irape- 
 '^ovre^ ijfia^ avrov^ ev iroielv. 23. eirei he Kvpo<^ reOvrj- 
 Kev, ovre ^aaiXel avrirroLOVfjieOa tt}? ap')(rj<^ ovr eartv orov 
 €V€Ka /SovXot/jLeO av rrjv l3aatXecD<; '^copav KaKW^ rrotelv, 
 ovo avTOv airoKreLvai av eueXoc/jiev^ rropevoi/ieua o av ol- 
 Kahe, €i, T^9 ?/Ata9 ^1.77 Xvitolt] • ahiKovvra fievroL ireipaao/bieda 
 aw Tot? 6eoL<; afivvaadac eav fxevroi rt? 7//y.a9 kql ev rronov { 
 VTrap^y^ Kau rovrov et? ye hvva/xcv ov^ 7jrrr)ao/jLe6a ev 'TTol- 
 
Anab. 2, IV.] Conclusion of a Treaty, 47 
 
 \ivvre<^. 24. o /uei/ ovtw<^ ecTrev a/cov(ja<i Be o TLa(Ta(^eppr)<; 
 €(f)i]^ Taura e'yo) airayyeXxo ^a(7i\eb Kai vyt,iv ttuXlu ra 
 irap eK€Lvov' f^^XP'' ^ ^^ ^7^ rj/co) at airovoai ixevourcov 
 aynpav be rjixeu^ Trape^o/uiev. 25. Kac et? fjiev rrjv varepacav 
 ov^ yi<GV' (oau OL Jt!jA,\7)i>e<; ecppovn^ov rrj oe rpiTr) i)kcdv 
 eXeyev otc 8La7re7rpay/jLevo<^ rjfCOL Trapa /3a(7tX.eft)9 Sodyvac 
 avTO) aw^etv tou? EWi]va<;, KauTrep iravv iroWwv avrt- 
 XeyovTCDv «? ovfc a^iou etrj ^aabXei a(f)€ivai tou? e^ eavrov 
 arpareuaa/jLevov^;. 20. reXo^ 8e enre, Kac vvv e^eoTuv vfilv 
 TTLcra Xa/Selv rrap rj/icov rj fjtrjv (piXcav Trape^etv vjjuv irfv 
 "^copav Kai aBoXo)<s aira^eiv et<? Tr]v EXXaBa ayopav irape- 
 ■)(ovra<^' OTTOV B av fjii] fj irpiaaOai^ XaixjBaveiv u/xa? ev t?;? 
 )(^(opa<; eaao/xev ra eTrcTrjBeia. 27. uyLta? B av )]/jiLv Berjaet 
 OfjLocrac 77 firfv iropevaeadai o)? Bta (f)t\La<; acnva)<; olra Kac 
 TTora XafJLl3avovra<^ oirorav fir) ayopav vrapep^co/xet'* r)i> Be ira- 
 pexo)fMev ayopav^ covoufxevov^ e^etv ra eiTLri]BeLa. 28. ravra 
 eBo^e, Kac Mfioaau Kac Be^ca^; eBoaav Tc(Taa(f>epvTj<^ Kac 6 rr)<:; 
 6a(TcXe(o<i yvvacKO<; aSeX^o? Tot? rcov ' EXXrjVcov (jrpar7]yol<; 
 Kac Xo^a'yot? Kac eXa^ov rrapa rcov EX\i]voiv. 29. fjcera 
 oe ravra Tcaaa(f)epv7]<; elire^ Nvv fjcev Brj airecfjcc co? ^aacXea* 
 eirecBav Be BcaTrpa^cofiac a Beofxac^ rj^co ava Kevaa ajjcevo^ &)? 
 arra^cov v/xa^ et? ttjv EXXaBa kuc avro<^ aTTCcov eirc rj]v 
 ijiavrov ap^riv. 
 
 IV, Mera ravra rrepcepbevov Tcaaai^epvrjv oc re EXXt]- 
 ve<; Kac Apcaco<; 6yyv<^ aXXrjXcov earparoireBevixevoc rjfjcepa<^ 
 TrXecov; f; ecKoacv. ev Be ravroc^ acf^CKvovvrac Trpo? Apcalov 
 Kac oc aoeXcpoL Kac oc aXXoc avayKacoc Kac nrpo^ rov^ (Jvv eKec- 
 v(p Ilepacov rcve<;, rrapedappvvov re Kac Be^ca<; evcoc<^ rrapa 
 3a(TcXe(0(; e(f)epov fjcrj ixvr^acKaK-qaecv /SaacXea avroc<; tt}? aw 
 Kvpcp err car par eca^ (irjBe aXXov /XT/Sez^o? rcov rrapocxpixevwv. 
 il. rovrcov Be ycyvofievcov evBrjXoc iqaav oc rrepc Apcalov ?}t- 
 
48 Retreat of the Ten Thousand, [Xen. 
 
 i 
 
 Tov '7rpoa€')(OVT€<i TOt? EXXrjai rou vovv cocrre Kav hia tovto 
 Tot? /lev TToXXot? T(ov EWtjvoov ovfc rjpeaKov, aWa Trpoat' 
 ovT€<; TO) KXeap'^w ekejov Kai roa aX\oL<; GTparr)joL<^, 3. Tt 
 fjL€V0fjL6v ; 7] ovK €7riaTa/jL€6a on l3a(Ti\€v<; rjjjLa<^ aTrokeaai 
 av Trepc Travro^ TTOirjaacro^ iva Kav roZ? aWoL<^ EWrjcn (f)o- 
 /3o9 7] eiTL ^aatXea fxejav o-rparevecv ; Kac vvv /xev r]/jLa<i 
 vTrajerai p,ev6Lv Bca to hieairapOai avro) ro arpdrevfjia' . 
 €7rr]v Be iraXtv dXtaOrj avru) i] arparui^ ovk eariv ottco? ovk 
 €7TLU7jaeTat rj/xLV. 4:. tcrco? oe ttov tj aTToaKaTrret tl rj aTro- 
 rei')(^i^€t, CO? a7ropo<; r) r] ooo<;. ov yap iroie eicwv <ye pov~ 
 X7j(T€Tac rjfj,d<; eXOovia'^ et? rrjv EXXaSa aTrajyecXai, ax? 
 7y/Lt6t9 Tocrot8e oi'Te<; evcKco/jLev /SaatXta ein Tai<^ OupaL<; avTov 
 Kac KarayeXaaavie^; aTrrjXdofiev. 5. K.Xeap')(o^ he aTreKpU \ 
 varo rot? ravra Xeyovaiv^ Eyco evOvfiovfjiai fxev Kai ravra , 
 nravTa' evvow h on ei vvv aTTifjiev, So^o/juev enc TroXe/Ko 
 aiTLevai Kav irapa Ta<s a'JTovha<^ iroielv. eireira irpwrov fieif 
 ayopav ofSet? irape^eu tj/jlIv ovhe odev einainovfieOa • avdt^ 
 ce rjyrjaofievof; ovo€l<; ecrrat • KaL a/na ravTa ttoiouvtcov 
 rj/jLcov evOv^ Apia?o<^ a(f)eaTrj^€i' oiare ^lXo<; tj/jllv ovSei^ 
 XeXeiyp-eraL^ aXXa kuv ol irpoaOev ovre^ iroXefJUoi tj/jlIv eorov- 
 Tab. 6. irorafxo'^ h eu fxev Tt? Kat aXXo<; apa tj/jllv ecrri 
 SLa0areo<^ ovk olha* rov S' ovv Evcpparr/v la/iev on aBvvor 
 rov hia^rivai k(oXvovt(ov iroXe/iLcov. ov /lev hi] av /xa')(€a6ai 
 ye her) LiTTrel^ eLaiv tj/ilv GV/i/ia'^OL^ rwv he iroXe/jLLWv LTTTrel^ 
 eLCJiv OL nrXelaroi Kai nrXeiGTOv a^ioi' (oare VLKcovTa /JLep 
 TLva av a7roKT€Lvai/xev ; rjTTW/ievoiv he ovheva olov re aco- 
 ur/vaL. 7. eyco /lev ovv /SacnXea^ o) ovtco ttoXXu ean ra 
 GV/jL/jba-ya^ eLirep TrpoOv/ielrai rj/ia<^ uiroXeaaL. ovk olha o ri 
 heL avrov o/ioaai KaL he^Lav hovvai Kai deov<; eTTiopKrJGai 
 Kac ra eavrov Trccrra airiara rroLrjaai, EXXr/aL re Kat, jSafh 
 (3apoL^. roLavia rrdXXa eXeyevJ 
 
Anab. 2, IV.] Beginning of the Kaja^aai^. 49 
 
 §. Ev he rourcp rjKe TiacracpepvTj'^ ^X^^ '^^1^ eavrov Buva- 
 /JLLV o)? et? oiicov UTTKOV KUL Upovia^i r7]v eavrov ovvafjuLV 
 ri'ye he kou tijv dvyarepa rrjv ^aacXeoD^ eirt, ya/j,(p. 9. ev- 
 Tevdev he ^Srj Tcaaacpepvovs rjyovfjievov fcac ayopav irape- 
 vofTO? eiTopevouTO • eiropevero oe kul Apiauo^ ro Kvpov 
 j3apl3apLKou e-^cov arpuTevfia a/jua TL(T(7a(f>eppeL kql Opovra 
 Kol avveaT paroTrehevero aw eKeLVoi<^. 10. ot he EWr}ve<i 
 v(popcovTe<i 70vrov<s avrot ecp eavrcDV e^wpovv rjyejjiova^ 
 6youTe<;. earpaTOTreoevovTO oe eKuarore uTre^^ovTe^i aWrj- 
 \(ou 7rapaaa<yy7]v Kac /jLelov • e(f)v\aTTOVTO he aficfiOTepoi, 
 toairep TroXeficovf; a\X7JXof?, Kal ev6v^ tovto viro-y^Lav ira- 
 pelx^v. 11. eviore he tcau ^uXt^o/jLevoL etc rov avrov teat %op- 
 rov Kac aWa roLavra (TvWeyovre<; irXrjya'^ evereu'ov aXX?]- 
 Xofc?* (wcrre kul tovto e-^Opav Trapel')(e. 12. hieXdovTe^i he 
 Tpec^i (TTad/jLov<i a(f>LKOVTO Trpo? to M.rihia<^ KaXov/ievof Tel- 
 p^09, Kai iraprjXOov eiaco avTov. rjv he (pKohofirjfievov ttXlu- 
 6oL<i OTTTal^i ev aacpaXTrp KeL/uuevaL^, evpo<; elfcoac irohwv^ v'^ro'^ 
 oe eicaiov fjLr)KO<; o eXeyeTO etvat eofcocri, Trapaaayywv 
 aire-^eu he Ba/SvXcovo'i ov iroXv. 13. evTevOev 8' eiropev- 
 drjaav aTadfiov<; hvo 7rapaaayya<; okt/o' kol hLe^rjcrav hcco- 
 pv)(^a<; hvo, Tr]v fxev eTrt yetpvpa^;^ ttJz^ h e^evyixevr^v TrXo/ot? 
 TW avrat o rjcrav airo tov liyprjTOf; TroTa/juov KaTeTer- 
 fxrjVTO he e^ avrwv Kai Ta(f)pot eiri ttjv '^wpav^ at fjuev TrpcoTac 
 \i€yaXai^ eireuTa h eXarrov^i' reX-o? he kol /XLicpol o-)(eTo\, 
 toairep ev Trj EXXahc evrt ra? /jieXcva<; • Kat, a(f>LKVovvTaL errc 
 TOV Ttyprjra TroTapLov ' 'n'po<; o) tt6Xl<^ rjv fieydXr) Kal ttoXv- 
 w6p(07ro<; T) ovo/jua XiTraicr}, uTre'^ovcra tov Trorafiov aTahl- 
 >i>? TrevTeKUbheica. 14. ot fxev ovv ' EXXr)ve<; Trap cvTrji/ 
 SaKTjvrjaav eyyi;? Trapaheiaov ixeyaXov koX KaXov Kal haaeo^ 
 TravToccov hevhpcov ol he fidppapot hta^eiSrjKOTe'^ top To- 
 yp7)ra, ov fxevTOL KaTa(j)ave2<; rfcrav. 15. yu-era he to heoTTvov 
 
50 Retreat of the Ten TJiousand. [Xkn. 
 
 erv^ov ev TreptTraTO) ovTe<i irpo rcou ottXcov TIpo^evo<^ koI 
 'Bi&vo<p(i)v' Kol 7rpocreX6cov avOpwiro^ rt? rjpcoTTjae toi;? Trpo- 
 <f)v\aKa<s TTov av uhoi Tlpo^evov i] KXeapj^ov Meucova Be 
 ovK e^j}T€L, Kah ravra Trap Aptaiov (ov rov Meveovo^ ^evov. 
 16. eirel Be npo^€vo<; elirev on avTo<; eifit ov ^7]t€i<;, elirev 
 6 avOpcoTTo^ raSe. ETre/jLyjre /xe Apialo<^ kul Aprao^o^;^ 
 ircaroL ovTe<^ Kvpw Kai v/jLLV evvoL^ icau KeXevouai (j^vXarre' 
 adai fjLrj vijllu eTTiOcopTai, t?}? vvk70<; ol ^ap^apoc earn 8e 
 arparevfia iroXv ev rep ttXijctcoi/ irapaheiaw. 17. Kav irapa 
 TT]v ye(f>vpau lou Tijp7]ro<i iroiapiov ireixy^ai KeXevovat (f)u- 
 \aKi]v, CO? hiavoeLTai avT7)v \vaat TcG(Ta(f)epv7)<; tt}? vvkto'^, 
 eav Bvvrjrat, ft)? /U/; Bia^ijre aXX ev fieacp a7roXr](f)0'f]Te rov 
 irorafiov Kat t?}? Bi(jL)pv^o<;. 1§. aK0voav7e<^ ravra ayovacv 
 avrov rrapa rov KXeap'^ov Kai (ppa^ovaLv a Xejei. 6 Be 
 KXea p'^o^ aKOvaa<; erapayOrj a^oBpa Kai e<\)0^e1ro. 19. vea- 
 VLGKO'^ be n<i rcov Trapovrcov evvoi]aa^ eiirev w? ovk (iKoXovua 
 eL7] ro re eTrtOrjaeaOac Kac Xvaeiv rrjv ye(pvpav. BrjXov yap 
 on €7rLn6efjLei'0v<; rj vlkolv Beriaei if r/rraaOai. eav fiev ovv 
 ViKwai, n Bel avrov^ Xveiv rrjv yecpvpav ; ovBe yap av iroX- 
 Xac ye(f)vpai coaiv, evotfiev av ottol (f)vyovre^ ^^yLtet? crcoOco/jLev. 
 
 20. eav Be ly^itet? VLfcw/jbev, XeXvfievT]<; rrj<; ye(j)vpa<^ ov^ e^ov- 
 aiv eiceivoi oiroi (j^vywaiv ovBe fxrjv ^orjOrjaaL iroXXcov ov- 
 rcov rrepav ovBeL<^ avrol<^ Bwrjcrerat XeXvfjievr]<; tt}? ye<pvpa<!. 
 
 21. aKovaa<i Be o KXeap^o^; ravra rjpero rov ayyeXov rroarj ] 
 rL<; ecTj 'xwpa 7/ ev fieao) rov Tiypr}ro<; Kai t^? Stco^L'VO?. 
 06 elrrev on rroXXrj Kat KOifiaL eveicn Kat rroXei^; rroXXal 
 Kai fieyaXac. 22. rore Bi) Kai eyvwadi) brt Oi ^ap^apoi 
 rov avupcoTTov vTTorrefX'^einv^ oKvovvre^; /xr; ol ' KXXr]ve<; Bte- 
 X.ovre<i rrjv yechvpov fieiveiav ev rf) vr]i7(p epvfiara €^ovre<; 
 evdev fxev rov Tiyprjra^ evOev Be rrjv BLwpv)(^a • ra S' emrrj- 
 Beia e')(^0Lev e'/c rr}? ev fjueao) %oojOa? ttoXX?}? Kai dyadrj<; ova7)<; 
 
 I 
 
Anab. 2, IV.] Passage of the Tigris. 51 
 
 Kai TUiv epyaao/jievcop evovTwv ena oe Kat, uTroarpocprj <ye- 
 voLTO €{, ra /SovXoLTO jSaauXea Ka/ccof; Troiecv. tJS. /xera Be 
 javra aveiravovro' eiri /xeviot ri]v ye<pvpai> O/ucos" (fjvXuKijU 
 .eiTeiiy\rav' kol ovre eneOero ouSet? ovhaixoOev ovre tt/do? Tr]v 
 jecpvpav ofSet? yXOe roiv iroXeixioov^ co^ ol (^vXutt ovi 6<i 
 dirriyyeXXov. 24. erretSr] S eo)? eyevero, hiefiaivov rrjv ye- 
 (pupav e^€vyfM€vr]u 7rXoLOL<; rpcafcovTa kul eirra w? olov re 
 /jidXiara irec^vXayiJievw^' e^riyyeXXov yap tlv6<; tcdv irapa 
 Ticraacfiepvov^; EXXi^vwv co? hia^aLvovroiv /jbeXXoteu eirtdi]- 
 creaOai. aXXa ravra /jL€l> ylrevSr] r]V' hia^aivovrwv fxevToi, 
 6 TXov^ auTot? €7r€(f>av7] fi6T aXXcov aKOirayv et Bia/Saii^oteu 
 Toi^ iTOTajjiov' enreiOi] be etoev, u>^6to ciTreXavi'cov. 
 
 25. Atto Se rov TLypr)ro<; eiropevOrjaav araO/iovs reTra- 
 pa^ rrapaaayya'^ eifcoaiv eirc rov 9v(Jkov 7rora/j,ov, ro evpo's 
 irXeOpou' errrjv he y€(f)vpa, fcac evravda cptcelro 7toXl<; fie- 
 yaX-)] r) ovo/xa SZttl's ' tt^o? rju (nrrivTrjrre rot^ rjXXrjcnv o 
 Kvpov KaL Apra^ep^ov vodo<; aSeX^o? (iiro ^ovacov Kac Ek~ 
 ^aravwv arpajcau 7roXXr)v aywv «? ^or)0j]acov QajuXel' 
 Kat e7rL(n7]aa<; to eavTov arparev/jia Trapep-^^ofjuevou^ rov:; 
 EXXrjva'i eOecjpei,. 23. o Be KXeap^o? yyelro ixev et? Si/o, 
 eTTopeveTO Be aXXore Kau aXXore e(f)i(nafi€i>o^. oaov Be ^po- 
 vov ro 7]yovfjLevov rov arparevfiaro^i ema-rrjaece, rocrnvrov 
 rjv avayKT] "^povov ol oXov rov orparev/xaro<; yiyvecrvai rr]u 
 emaraaiv' (oare ro arparevfia Kac avroc^; roL^i rjXXrjat 
 Bo^ai rra/JLTToXv elvac^ Kat rov Ilepcrrjv e/crrerrXrj^^OaL Seco- 
 povvra. 27. evrevdev Be erropevOr^aav Bui rrj<i Mr]B'a<i 
 crradfiov<i epr]fjLov<^ e^ rTapaoayya<^ rpiaicovra 6t? ra<i Tlapv- 
 craTtSo? K(DfjLa<^ rrj<i Kvpov Kat ^aatXew^ fi7)rpo<f. ravra^ 
 Ttaaa^epvy}^^ Kvpa> erreyyeXcov^ Btaprraaat rot^ ' EXXrjatv 
 errerpe-y^re rrXrjv avBpairoBcov. evrjv Be atro<; ttoXu? koI rrpo- 
 ^ara Kat aX\a j^priptara. 28. evrevOev B eiropevOrjcrav 
 
52 Retreat of the Ten Thousand. [Xen. 
 
 (TTau/iov^^ €pr]/jiov<i T6TTapa<; 'iTapaaayya<i ecKOGi rov 1 cyprj- 
 ra TTOja/xov ev apoarepa e^oi^re?. ev Be tco irpwTw a7a6/j,a) 
 nrepav rov irorafiov ttoXl^ o)K6lto pueyaKr) kul etoat/uicov ovo- 
 pua Kaival^ e^ ?)? ol /Sdp^apoi, hirjyov eiri a')(€hLaL'^ Bi^Oepl- 
 vaL<^ apjov;, Tvpovi, olvov. 
 
 V. IVLera ravja a<piKvovvTai eirc rov Zairarav Troia/uLOv, 
 TO evpo<; rerrapcov irXedpwv. Kai eviavOa e/ieivav rjfji€pa<; 
 rpei<i' ev he Tavjai<; viroy^iai /xev rjaav^ (pavepa Be ovhefxia 
 e<paiveTO eTTLJBovXT]. 2. eho^ev ovv tw EXeap^cp avyyeve- 
 oOau Tft) Tiaaacfyepvei^ et ttoo? hvvairo iravaaL Ta<; VTToyjria'^ 
 7rpii> eg avTCOP iroXe/jiOV yeveavat' kgl enTeix-^r^ TLva epovvra 
 ore avyyeveaOaL avro) '^prjtpi. 6 he eroL/jLOi^ eKeXevev rjKeip. 
 3. eTveuhq he ovvrjXOov^ Xtyet 6 KXeap^o<i rahe. Eyco. c5 
 Ttaaa^epvrj^ olha (lev rj/nlv bpKov^ yeyevr]ixevov<=; Kat he^La<; 
 heho/bL€va<^ fir) ahcKrjcreLV aXXrjXov<; • (^vXarioiievov he oe re 
 opoy 6)9 iroXepbiov^ r^fia^ Kat rjfjiel^ opwvre^ raura (zvri(f)vXar- 
 ro/uieOa. 4. eiret he aKorrwv ov hwa/iai ovre oe ataOeaOac 
 ireipcofxevov rjfxa^; KaKW^ iroLeuv eyco re cracpco^; oLoa on rjpLeif; 
 ye ovh eTTLvoovfiev rotovrov ovhev^ eho^e pLoi et? Xoyov<i aou 
 eXdelv^ 07rcL><; et hwalfieOa e^eXoifiev aXXTjXcov rijv aTriajiav. 
 5. Kau yap olha avdpwrrov^i rjhrj, rov<; puev €fc hLa/3oXrj<^ rov<i 
 he Kai e^ v7ro-ylrta<i, ol (f)o^r}Oevre<; aXXrjXov<i (p6aaav ^ovXo- 
 jxevoi irpiv rraueiv eiroLrjaav avrjKecrra Kaica rof? ovre /xeX- 
 Xovrac; ovr av ^ovXofievov; rotovrov ovhev. 6. Tti? ovv 
 rocavra^ ayvwfxoavva'^ vo/uLI^cov ovvovcnai^; fxaKiara av irav- 
 eauac rjfco) Kai hihaaKeiv oe ^ovXop,ai «? av rjiilv ovk opdax^ 
 aiTLareLf;. 7, rrpwrov jxev yap Kat fxeyiarov ou 6ecov Oj^xa^^ 
 opKOi KwiXvovau rToXefjLLOv<^ elvau aXXr]XoL<;' ocrrt^ he rovrcov 
 avvoihev avrco rrapr}iieXr)KO}<^, rovrov eyco oviror av evhai- 
 fioviaaL/xL. rov yap Oecov rroXe/jiOV ovk olha ovr arro ttolov 
 av ra'^ov<i <f>evycov rt? a7r'o(j)vyot ovr et? irolov av cTKoro^i 
 
 ^ 
 
AxAB. 2, v.] Conference with Tismpliernes. 63 
 
 aiTo^pair) ov6 oTrw? av ei<; e')(ypov y^wpcov aTrocTTati]. iravrr) 
 ^iip TTuvra roL<i 6eoL<i virc^a kul TravTa-^rj ttuvtwv taov ol 
 OeoL Kpmovai. 8. irepi fiev 8i] rcov Oewv re Kac rdiv op/ccou 
 ovTO) jLyvcoa/co), Trap oy? r]/jL6L<; ttjp (piAiav avvue/nevot fcare- 
 OefJLeOa' rcov S avOpwmvuiV ere ejco ev tm irapovTt vo/jli^o} 
 fieyicTTov elvat i^jmv ayaOov. O. avv [xev yap aoi iraaa fxev 
 6So<; euTTopo?, Tra? Be 7roTa//.o? 8ca/3aro<;, rcov re €'mrr)heLO}p 
 ovic (tiropia' avev he gov iraaa (xev hiii crKorov<; i] 6So<;' 
 ovOev yap avrrj^; eTTtcTTa/jieOa • Tra? Se TroraiJuo^i Sua7ropo<i, 
 Tras" Se o;^A,o9 (^o(3epo<^, (pofSepcorarov S eprjfiLa' /xecrrrj yap 
 TroWrjf; aTropta? eanv. 10. et Se Srj Kat fiavevre'^ ere Kara- 
 KTeivaLjjiev, aWo ri av i) rov evepyeT7}i> /caTaKT€i,vav\(:<^ irpo^ 
 ^aatXea rov fxeyicnov e<peSpov aywuc^oc/xeda ; bacov he Bt) 
 Kai OLCDV av eXiTiowv efjuavrov aTep7](TaL/jLc, et ere rt Karcov 
 e7rL')(^eiprjG-ai/jLL irocelv^ jaura Xe^w. 11. eyw yap Kupoi^ 
 eTTeOuixTjaa /jLOl cf)iXov yeveadau^ vo/jLl^cov twv Tore LKavoara^ 
 rov elvat ev TTOietv ov ^ovXoLro' ae Se vvv opco rr^v re Kvpov 
 Bvva/iiLV Kai -^(jopav eyovra Kav rrjv aavrov ap-^rjv aco^ovra^ 
 rrjv Be ^aatXeco'^ Bwaficv, y Kvpo<; rroiXefita e-^pjjro^ trot 
 ravrrjv av/x/uia'^ov ovaav. 12. rourcov Be rotovrcov ovrcov 
 Tt? ovrco fjuaLverai. ocm^ ov (SovXerai, <joi (^lXo^ elvat ; aXXa 
 fiTjv epco yap Kat ravra e^ o)v e^(a) eXTrtBa^ fcal ae ^ovXrj- 
 ceadai (fjbXov rnjilv elvat. 13. olBa fiev yap v/jLlv Mvaov^ 
 XvTrrjpov^ ovra<;^ ou? vo/jll^w av avv rrj rrapovar] Bvvafiet ra- 
 iretvov'; vfjulv irapaaj^eiv • olBa Be icat IlLaLBa<; • ukovco Be Kat 
 aXXa eOvr) TroXXa rotavra elvat, a olfiat av iravaat evo-^ovv- 
 ra aec rrj v/Jterepa evBat/novLa. Atyvrrrtov'^ Se, ot? fiaXcara 
 vfiaf; vvv ytyvwaKco reOv/jLco/jLevov^, ov^ opw rroia Bvvafiet 
 av/jtixa-y^G) 'y^prjaa/jievot fiaXXov av KoXaaaicrOe rr}? vvv avv 
 e/jLOt ovar)<^. l-l. aXXa firjv ev ye rot? rrept^ otKOvat av et 
 fjuev ^ovXoLo rw <ptXo<; elvat, oj? fjLeytaro<i av et?;?, et Be rt<; 
 
54 Retreat of the Ten Thousand. [Xen. 
 
 <je XuTToir], ft)? Seairorr]^ av ui>aaTp6<f)Oio, e^wv 7j/jLa^ virype- 
 Ta?, OL aoL ovfc av rov jJLiaOov ev€Ka fxovov vTrrjperoc/jiev aWa 
 Kai tt}? yapLTO<^ rjv (jco6evje<^ utto aov aou av e-^^oifxev Blkuico'^. ^\ 
 15. e'/xot jjuev ravra Travra €v6v/jbOV/j.€v(p ovtcd Bo/cel Oavfxa- 
 OTov etvaL ro ae i](ilv aTrcaTeiv coare Kai rjOtar av uKovaatpi, 
 rovvo/jLa rt? ovtcl><; earc o€lvo<; keyetv coare ae ireiaai Aeyojv 
 CO? r]fj,€l<; (JOL €7rLl3ov\evofX6v. KXeap'^o'i fxev ovv Toaavra 
 eiire' Tcaaa(f)6pv7](; Be d)Be a7r7)fieL<f)9r}. 
 
 16* ^X-X, 7]8o/jLai piev, o) KXeap'^e, ukovcov <jov ^povc- 
 /xou? \ojov<i' ravTa jap jtyvcoaKcov eu tl epLOL kukov pou- 
 Xei/Oi?, a/jia av /jlol Bofceh Kai aavro) KaKOvov^ elvai. «? S 
 av /jbaur)<; on ovo av fyuet? otKabcof; ovre paaiXev ovt efioo 
 aTTLaroLTjre^ avraKovcrov. 17, et yap vpLa<s e^ovXopbeOa airo- 
 XeaaL^ nrorepa aoc BoKovpiev iiriTewv ttXtjOov; airopetv rj ire- 
 ^wv 7) oTrXiaeco'^ ev fj vpba<; piev ^XaTnetv CKavoo eirjpiev av, 
 dvTt,'Trd(T')(eiv Be ovBeL<i klvBvvo<; ; 18. aXXa '^copbcov eirnrj- 
 Beicov vp2v eTTLTtOeadai airopelv av aou BoKov/jiev ; ov rocravra 
 piev TTeBla a vpLe2<: ^iXia ovra aw rroXXaj ttovm BiairopeveaOe, 
 Toaavra Be opr] vpav opare ovra iropevrea, a tj/jlIv e^earo 
 irpoKaTaXa^ouaiv airopa vpuv irape'^^eiv^ roaovroc B euat 
 iroTapbol e(f) o)v e^eanv rjptv rapaeveaOat, oiroaoi'^ av vpicov 
 /3ovXwpe6a pua^eaOai ; eiat B avTwv ov<^ ovB av TravTa- 
 Traai Bca/Sairjre^ eu pur) r^puel'^ vpLa<^ BiaTropevoLpev. 19. eo B 
 ev Traai rovTOt^i rjTraypieOa, aXXa to ye tol irvp Kpelrrov tov 
 Kapirov eanv ov r]piei<; BvvacpeO av KaraKavaavre^ Xiptov 
 vpblv avTLTa^ai. w vpLe2<; ovB et iravv ayaOou eirjre payeaQai 
 av ovvatave. 20. ttw? av ovv e'^ovre^ roaovrov^ iropov^ 
 Trpo? TO vpLiv iroXe/JLeLV^ Kao tovtcov pbrjoeva r/pcv eTTLKCvovvov, 
 CTretra eK tovtcov TravTwv tovtov av tov Tpoirov e^eXotpieOa 
 09 pLovo<; piev Trpo<^ Oewv acre/S?;?, pcovo^ Be tt^do? avOptoiroav 
 ava'^po^i ; 21. iravTuTraai Be airopcov ecrrt kul apirj'^avcov 
 
AxAB. 2, v.] Clear chus entrapped. 65 
 
 Kai ev avayKT) e^o/ievcov^ Kat rovrcov rrrovrjpcov, o'LrLve<; eOe- 
 \ovaL hi eiTLopKLa'i re Trpo^ Oeov^ Kat uTTLarLa^; 77-po? avQpi'o- 
 7rov<; irpaTTtiv re. ov^ ov70)<; T^/zet?, co KXeapy^e, olire uXoyc- 
 CTTOL 0VT6 TjXiOiOL €afx€u. 22. uXXu TL St] v/j,a<i e^ou uTToXeaat, 
 ovK eiTL rovTO 7]Xuo/jLeu ; ev lctul otl o e/jLO^; epca tovtov aLTLo<^ 
 TO TOt? EXXrjaLV e/xe nrtaTOv yeveadai, Kat o) Kvpo<? avefSr} 
 ^evLKO) Slu /xta6oSoaLa<^ Trcarevcov toutq) efjue Kara^rjvai Bl 
 evepyeaia^ ua^vpov. 23. baa S e/xoc '^pr^cnfiot vfiel^; eare ra 
 fxev KOL ov etTra?, to Be jieyiarov eyo) olSa' rrfv fiev yap eirX 
 TT] Ke(f)aXr] ruipav ^aatXet fiovw e^eariv op6i\v ey^euv, ttjv 8 eTrl 
 rrj KapBca Lam's av vfMcov irapovTcov /cat €T€po<i euTrero)? eyoc. 
 I 24. Tavra eLirwv eSo^e tco KXeap^w dXrjdrj Xeyetv koI 
 eiirev, Ovkovv, ^(^V-> oLTLi^e^; tolovjwv ')]/jilv et? (piXiav virap- 
 '^ovTWV ireLpwviav Sta/3aXXov7e<; Troirjaat it oXe fjiiov^ •?//xa? 
 a^iOL euai ra eaj(cna iraOeuv ; 25. Kau eyw fxev ye., €(f)7] 6 
 Ti,<raa(p€pv7)<;, ei /SovXeaOe /jloc ol re crrpanjyoc Kac ol Xo^a- 
 yoL eXOeiv ev to) e/jL(pavel, Xe^co tov^ Trpo? efjue Xeyovra^; w? 
 au efjLOb eiTi^ovXeveL^ Kau jy aw e/iol arpana. 26. Eyoi 
 Se, ec^T] o KXeap-^o^., a^co Trai/ra?, /cal aol av BrjXcoaco odev 
 eyo) Tvepu aov cikovco. 27. eK rovrcov Brj rcov Xoycov 6 Tca- 
 an(f)6pv7}^ (f)iXo<ppovovfjbevo<; Tore fiev fievetv re avrov erceXevae 
 Kac avvBeirrvov eirofqaaTO. rrj Be varepala 6 KXeap-^o^ 
 eXOcov eTTL ro arparoireBov BrjXo<; r tjv irdw (f)LXLKco<; oiofie- 
 vo<i BiaKeiaOau rep Ttaaacf^epvei Kat a eXeyev exelvo^; airriy' 
 yeXXev, ecpr) re 'y^prjvac cevai irapd TLaaa<pepvr)v ov<; e^eXevae, 
 Kat di av eXey^Ocoai Bua^aXXovre^ rcov EXXrjVcov., «<? Trpo- 
 Bora^ av70v<; Kat Kaicovov; rot? ' EXXrjaiv ovra<; rL[Jbcoprj6r]vat. 
 28. vTTcorrrreve Be elvat rov Bta/SaXXovra Mevcova. etSoj? av- 
 rov Kat avyyeyevTj/jLevov Ttaaacpepvet /Jter Aptatov Kat ara- 
 atatpvra avrcp Kat eimj3ovXevovra^ orrco<; ro arparev/jta cnrav 
 TTjOO? eavrov Xa^cov cj>tXo^ fj Ttaaacpepvet. 29. e^ovXero Be 
 
56 Retreat of the Ten TJioiisand. [Xen. 
 
 KCil 6 KXeap'^o^; cnrav to arparevfxa Trpo^ eavjov e-^eiv rrju 
 f^vwiirjv KUi Tou? irapaXvirovvTa^; eKiroowv euvau, rcov oe 
 (TTpaTLWTWv avreXeyov Tiz^e? avro) /jlt] ievat Trai^ra? rov<; Ao- ^ 
 yajov'; kcu arparrjyov^; ixrjZe iTKJTeveiV Ttatyacf^tpvei. 30, 6 
 Se KXeap'^^o'; la'^vpu)^ KaTereivev, eare SteTrpa^aTo irevre fxtv 
 arpaTTjjov'^ levai, eoKOcn Se \o')(^ajov<; * avvrjKoXovOrjaav he 
 ft)? et? ajopav Kav rcov aXXcov arpajtayTwv co? otaKooioL. 
 \ 31. ^Eiret he rjaav eirt TaL<; 6vpai<i ral^; TLaaa(jitpvov^^ 
 ol /xev (TTpaT7]yoL irapeKXriOrjaav eooco, TJpo^evo^ BoLa)TLo<;, 
 Mevcov QerTaXo^;, Ayia<^ Apfca<;^ KXeap')(0'; Aatcwv^ XooKpa- 
 TTj^ ^ A-)(a.io<^ ' ol 8e Xo^ayoc eiri ral<; Ovpav; efievov. 32. ov 
 TToXXco Se vcrrepov airo rov avrov ar^fieiov ol r evhop ovv- 
 eXafi^dvovTO Kat ol e^co KareicoiTrjaav. fiera Ze ravra tmp 
 ^ap/Sapcov TLve^ LTTTrerov Blu rov irehiov eXavvovTe<^ (pnvL ev- 
 Tvy^avoLev EXXtjvl tj SovXw rj eXevOepw 7ravra<; eKreLvov. 
 33. oL he E\Xr]V6<; rrjp re LirrraaLav avrcov edavfia^ov e/c lov 
 (TTparoTrehov opcovre^; kul 6 rt eTrotovv r]iJb<heyvoovv, irpLv Nc- 
 Kap-^o<^ ApKci<i r)fce<pevycov TeTp(CfJievo<; et? ti]v yaoiepa KaL ra 
 evrepa ev lal'^ ^(epaLv eywv, fcau elTre Travra ra yeyevrj/Lteva. 
 3-1. e/c TOVTOV hr) ol EXXTjve^; eOeov eirL ra oirXa 7TcipT€<; 
 eKTreirXriyiievoL KaL voiJiL^ovre<i avTLKa Tj^eiv avrov^ eirl to 
 orpaToirehov. 35. ol he iravTe<; fiev ovk t^XOov, ApLa2o<; he 
 KUL Apjao^c^ KaL MLdpLhar7]<;, ol rjaav Kvpw irLdroraroL' \ 
 he rwv EXXrjvcov epfiijvev^ €(f>7} kol tov TLcraacfyepvoiKi aheX- ' 
 (j)ov avu auTot? opav KaL yiyvwcTKeLV crvvr)KoXov6ovv he kul 
 aXXoi Tlepacov TedcopaKLa/nevoL et? rpLaKoaloix;. 36. ovtol 
 eireL eyyu? i^crav, TrpocxeXOelv e/ceXevov el Ti? elrj tmv 'EXXj]- \ 
 vwv 7) aTpaTr,yo^ ij Xo^ayo<^, Iva anrayyeiXwaL ra rrapa ^acL- 
 Xect)?. 37. fjbera ravra e^vjXOov (j^vXarro/mevoL rwv ^EXXr]V(ov 
 aipar7)yoL fiev KXedvcop 'Op^o/xevLO^ Kal Xo(j)aLvero^ ^rv/j,- 
 (j)uXio^^ avif avrol^ he aevoc^wv ^AOrjvalo^, orroo^ /jlclOol ra 
 
AxAB. 2, VI.] Parley of the Greeks ivith Ariaeiis. 57 
 
 Trepl Ilpo^ei^ov • XeLpLao(^o<=; 8 eivyy^avev uttcdp ev Kwfir) nvl 
 aw aXXoL<i 67rto-tTt^O;aei^o9._38. evret Be earrfaav et? eTn'jfcoor, 
 elireu Apialo<^ rahe. K.\eap)(0'^ ixev, co avBpe^ EXXyve^, eVet 
 eiTLopicoiv re ecpavrj Kat ra? aTTOvow^ Kvcov^ *^X^^ '^'1^ olkt)v kul 
 Te9vr]Ke, Ilpo^evo'^ he Kau Mevcou, otl KaTrjyyecXai/ aurou itju 
 eirilSovXrjv, ev fieyciXri rcpif) etatv. u/jlols Be /3acrt\eu? ra owXa 
 airaiiel' eavrov yap elvau (fyrjacv, eirenrep Kvpou rjaau rov 
 eKecuou BovXov. 39. 7rpo<; ravra aizeKpLvavro ot EXXtjvc'^, 
 eXeye Be KXeavcop 6 Op^ofxevLo^i' ' S2 KdKLcrTe avOpcjircov 
 Apiale /cat oi aXXoi baot yre Kvpov cfjcXoc, ou/c aLa-)^vvea6e 
 ome deov<i ovr uvOpodTTov;^ ouTLve'^ opuooavre^ iip.Lv tou? av- 
 Tou? (f)LXov<i Kat e^Opov<^ vopuuelv^ irpoBovie'^ rjpLa<^ ovv Tua- 
 cra^epvei ro) aOeajTUTO) re Kat Travovpyorarw rou^ re avBpa^ 
 auTou<; ofc? (opbvvre airoXcoXeicaTe Kat rov^ aXXov<; ?/ycta? irpo- 
 BeBwKore^ aw toI^ iroXepbLOi'i ecf) rjpLa<i ep^eaOe ; 40. o Be 
 Apcaio<i elire, KXeap)(^o<; yap irpoaOev eiTL^ovXevcov cpavepo^i 
 eyevero Tiaaac^epveu re Kat Opovra, Kau iraaLV rjfj,:v Toa aw 
 T0VT0L<i. 41. eTTC TouTot? asvocfycbv TaBe eiTre. KXeap->^o<; p.ev 
 roLvvv et irapa rov<i op/cou^ eXve ra? aTTovoa<^, rrjv OLKrfv e^ec 
 BcfcaLov yap airoXXvaOat lov^ eiTLopKovvra<^' npo^evo<i Be 
 Kai Mevojv eTrenrep euaiv vp^erepoi p,ev evepyerat^ ?//xeTepoi Be 
 aTparrjyoL^ Tre/x-v^are avTou^ Bevpo ' BrjXov yap otl c^lXol ye 
 ovre^ apL<poTepoL<; ireLpaaovraL kul vpuv kul i]p2v ra ^eXriaia 
 avp^^ovXevaai. 42. Trpo? ravra oi ^ap^apot ttoXw -^^ptvov 
 OLaXe'^devTe<; aWrjXot? aTrrjXdov ovBev airoKpLvapevoL. 
 
 VI. Ob p,ev Brj arpaTrjyoc ovtco Xr](f)OevTe<; avri-^6r]aav 
 ft)? /BaaLXea Kac airorp^T^Oevre^ Ta<; Ke<pdXa<^ eTeXevrr/aav, et? 
 fiev avTcov KXeap'^o'; o/jioXoyov/jLevco<i e/c iravrcov rcov ep^irei- 
 p(o<^ avTOv e^ovTcov Bo^a<i yeveaOac avrjp Kac 7ro\6/xt/co9 Kat 
 </)iXo7ro/Ve/xo? ecr^aTO)?. i 2. Kac yap Br] eo)? fiev TroXe/jLO^i i]V 
 Tot? AaKeBai/jLovLoi^; Trpo? tou9 Ad7]vacov<i irapepievev^ errt^L 
 
58 Retreat of the Ten Thousand. [Xen. 
 
 3e €tprjV7] e'yevero, TrcLcra^ Trjv avTOv ttoXlv &)? ol ©pa.Ke<i uSl- 
 
 Kouai Tovi EXX7)i'a<; kol Siair pa^a/jb€vo<; o)? tSwaro irapa rwv 
 
 e<pop(OV e^€7rXet w? iroXepbriawv TOt? virep Xeppovijcrov /cat 
 
 Ilepiv6ou ©pa^Lv. 3. eirei he fieTayvovTe^i tto)? ol e<popoi, tjStj 
 
 e^co ovro<i avrov uTroarpecfietv aviov eTrecpcovro e^ laOfjiOv, 
 
 evjavOa ovk6tl TreiOeiai^ aW co^ero irXecov et? EWr^airov- 
 
 TOP. 4. 6K Tovjov Kai tOavaTcoOr] viro rcov ev rrj ^Truprr) 
 
 reXcov w? aireiOoov. rjSrj Be (f)vya<; cou ep'y^erai 7rpo<^ Kvpov, 
 
 Kat oiTOLOi'^ jjiev Xoyocii eireLae Kvpov aWij ytypairiai, hihwai 
 
 he avTCO Kvpo<; fjLvpiov; hap€LKOv<;' 5. o he Xa^cov ovk eirt, 
 
 paOvfiiav eTpuTrero^ aXX airo tovtcov rcov '^pTjpLaroyv avXXe- 
 
 ^a? cTTpdjevfia eiroXefJuei rol^ ©pa^c, kul p^a-^i] re evCKijae kul 
 
 airo TovTov hi) e<^epe Kat r)<ye toutov<; kul iroXefiwy hcejivero 
 
 fJi6')(^pL Kvpo<; eherjdr) tov arpaTev/jLaro^' rore he airriXOev fjL)<i 
 
 ovv e/cecvM av TroXefxiiGOiv. 6. Tavra ovv (piXoTroXefxov fioL 
 
 hofcel avhpo<^ epya elvai^ oVjt? e^ov fxev eLprjurjv ey^eiv aveu 
 
 aLa')(yvri<^ Kat ^Xa^ij^; aipelrai iroXe/xelv, e^ov he paOvpuelv 
 
 povKeTau Troven/ coare iroXefieLV, e^ov oe yprnjiaia eyeiv uklv- 
 
 hvuo)^ aipeiiai TToXe/jbcop fieiova Tavra irotelv eKelvo^ he coa- 
 
 Trep et? TraihiKa rj et? aXXijv Tiva rjhovrjv 7]6eXe haTravav ea 
 
 'jToXe/jLOv. ovrco fiev ^tXo7roA.e/zo? rjv' 7. 7roXe/xLKo<; he av 
 
 TavTTj eooKeu eivat otl ^)lXoklvovvo<s Te rjv Kai rjixepa^^ Kac 
 
 vvKT0<; aycov eirt tov^ TroXepaovi Kat ev To2<i hecvol^ (f)povLfjbO<i, 
 
 ft)? OL 7rapovTe<; iravTa'^ov Trai^re? (o/jLoXoyovv. s. /cat ap'^i- 
 
 A"o? eXeyero etvau co<i ovvarov ck tov tolovtov rporrov olov 
 
 KaKelvo<; el^ev. iKavo<; fiev yap w? ri? Ka\ aXXo<; (ppovrl^eov 
 
 rjv o7rco<i ^X^^ V o-Tpaiia avTW ra eTTLrrjheia Kac irapacKeva- 
 
 Qeiv ravTa^ i/cavo^ he Kac efiTrocrjaac TOt? Trapovacv co? Tret- 
 
 crreov ecrj KXeap-^w. 9. tovto h errocec €K tov '^aXeirof; 
 
 ecvac Kac yap opav CTvyvo<^ tjv Kat tyj (fxjyvrj Tpa-yv^, eKoXa^ 
 
 fe re aec ca^vpco^, Kac opyrj evcore^ w? Ka\ avro) /j.€t a /jceXecv 
 
 M 
 
Anab. 2, VI.] Character of the hetraycd Generals. 59 
 
 eaQ ore. Kai jvwfiij S exoXa^ev aKoXaarov j(ip arparev- 
 fMaro^; ovBev riyeijo o(;6eA,o? elvat^ 10. aWa Kai Xeyecv av- 
 'Tov €cf)aaav oj? Beot tov arpaiLoirriv (po^eladaL fxaWov rov 
 ap^^ovra rj rovs 7ro\€fMLOu<i^ et fieWoi rj (f)uXaKa<; (f)vX(i^eLi> 
 T) (ptXcou a(f)t^ea6aL rj uTrpocf^aaLcrTCO'i uvac Trpo? tou? iroXe- 
 fiiou<i. 11. €u fiev ovv Tot? heLVOL^ vjOeXov avrov drcoveLU 
 a(f)oSpa KUL ovK aXXov rjpovvro ol arpaTLCdjaL' kul yap to 
 (Tivyvov Tore (fjaiSpov aurov ev rot? 7rpoaco7roi<; e^aaav (f)<iL- 
 veaOat kul to '^aXeirov eppco/jievov vrpo? tov<; 7roX6fiLOV<i eSo- 
 KeL eivat, (xxrre crcorrjpiov, ovkctl '-^aXerrov ecpaivero' 12. ore 
 h €^co 70V Beivov yevoLvio kul e^eir] 7rpo<; aXXov ap')(op.evov<; 
 amevai., iroXXoL avrov aireXeiTTov * to yap eTrc^api ovtc €l)(^61', 
 aXX aet ^aX-eTro? rjv Kat a)yU,o?' ware Bl6K€lvto irpo^; avrov oi, 
 CTpaTLwrai (ocnrep TTalBe'^ irpo'^BihaaKaXov. 13. Kat yap ovv 
 (jitXca /lev Kat evvoia enrofievov^; ovBerrore eu-^^ev 0LTive<^ Be rj 
 vrro 7roXeco<i Teray/juevot rj vtto rod Beladac rj aXXrj tlvl avaycrj 
 Kare')(^ofjL€voL rrapeirjaav avrto, a(f)oBpa Treed o/jLevoL<i expyjro. 
 
 14. errei, Be ijp^avro vlkolv avv avro) rov<^ TroXe/jLtov^, ijBrj fxeyaXa 
 rjV ra ')^pr)aLp,ou<; TTOiovvra elvat rov^ avv avro) arparLO)ra<; • 
 TO T€ yap TT/DO? Tou? TToXejJLLOV^ dappaXeo}<^ ^X^'-^ Traprjv Kat, to 
 Ti]v Trap eKetvov rifxwpLav (popeiauai avrov; evraKrov^ erroLeL. 
 
 15. TO^ouTo? jjuev Br] apywv rjV • ap^^aOaL Be vtto aXXcov ov fia- 
 Xa eOeXetv eXeyero. rjv Be oreereXevra a/jL(f)L ra TrevrrjKovra errj. 
 
 '16. Ilpo^evo^; Be 6 Bolcdtio'; ev6v<; fxev /leLpaKiov cov erre- 
 6u/jiec yeveaOai avrjp ra fxeyaXa Trparretv iKavo^ ' Kat Bta 
 Tavrrjv rrjv eTrtOvixvav eBcoKe Topyta apyvpiov rco Aeovrivo). 
 17. errec oe avveyevero eKeivw^ LKavo<; vo/jiL<Ta<; rjorj euvai Kat 
 ap-)(eiv KUL 0iA,o? cov TOt? TrpcoTOi? firj ifrrao-Oat evepyercov, 
 rjXOev et? Tavra<=; Ta? avv Kupw Trpa^ei's' Kat ojero KTT^aeaOac 
 €K Tovrcov ovojjia fieya Kai Biva\xiv [leyaXrjv Kat '^^pi^fiara ttoX- 
 Xu' 18. Toaovrcov B* eTriOvp^cov acfioBpa evBrjXov av Kat rov- 
 
1 
 
 60 Retreat of the Ten Thousand. [Xen. 
 
 TO elyev ort lovrcov ovhev av OeKoL Kraodac fxera ahucta^;, a\- 
 \a avv TM hiKaiw Kat koKm coero hetv rovro)i> Tvy^aveiv, avev 
 he TOVTWV fXT]. 10. apyeiv he koKcdv fxev KayaOwv hvuaio<; r]v • 
 ov fxevroL ovt aihco toI<; arpaTiunai'i eavrov ovie ^o^ov L/ca- 
 vo<; e/M7roLr]aaL, aWa Kat, 7]a')(yveT0 fxaXkov tou? Grpanioia^ 
 7} ol ap')(6fjievot, eKelvov Kat cf)o^ov/jL€VO<; fiaWov tjv (f)av6po<; 
 TO anre'vOaveoOai rol<i arpaTLairaL^ rj ou arpajLccnaL ro airi- 
 arrelu eKetvw. 20. cpeio he apKelv 7rpo<; ro ap'^LKOv elvai Kat 
 hoKeiv lov fxev KaXa)<; iroiovvTa eTratvelp^ top he ahiKovvja fjbi] 
 eiraivelv. roiyapovv aviw ol /juev Kokou re KajaOoL rwv avv- 
 ovrcDV evvoL r)oav, ol he ahiKoi errre^ovXevov co? ev/jiera'^eipi- 
 crcp ovn. ore he arreOvrjcrKev rjv erwv w<; rpiafcovra. 
 
 21. Mevwv he 6 Oerra\o<; hrjXo^; rjv eindvfxwv fxev rrXov- 
 relv tcr^f^w?, emdviJLwv he ap^euv, o7ro)<; rrXeiw Xa/ii/SapoL, 
 emdv/icov he nixaodai., iva TrXecco KephaivoL' (f>LXo<; re e^ov- 
 Xero elvau rol^ fxe^iarov hvva/jLevoi<;, uva ahiKwv /jlt] hthoir] 
 hi/crjv. 22. eTTL he ro Karepja^eadac d)V eTTLOvfiotrj avvro/jLco- 
 rarrjv ccero ohov elvau hta rov emopKelv re Kat -^evheaOai KaL 
 e^arrarcLV ro h aTrXovv Kac aXr]Oe<; ro avro ray yjXlOlu) elvai. 
 23. orepyow he (pavepo^ puev iqv ovheva, brqy he <pat7) (f)LXo<^ 
 elvai, rovro) evhrjXoi; ejcyvero em^ovXevcov. Kat iroXeficov 
 /juev ovhevo<; KarejeXa^ rwv he avvovrwv iravrcov co<; Kara- 
 jeXoiv aeu hieXeyero. 24. Kat roL<; /xep rwv TroXe/jcLcov Krr]- 
 fiacnv ovK eire^ovXeve' '^^aXeirov yap wero eivai ra rwv 
 (^vXarrofievwv Xa/jb/Saveiv ra he rwv (fitXwv (jbovof; wero eu- 
 hevau paarov ov a(f)vXaKra Xa/jb/Saveiv. 25. Kal baov^i fxev 
 
 '/]/ '/ \3(s/ f 9f^ ' >. 
 
 abaoavoLTo eiriopKov^ Kau aoLKOV<; o)? ev wttXict fxevov^ ecpo- 
 ^eoro, ToZ? h oaLOL<^ Kac aXrjdeLav aaKOvatv w<; avavhpoi^ 
 eireiparo ')(prja6aL. 26. warrep he ra ayaXXerat eirl 6eo- 
 ae/Seca Kai aXrjdeta Kat htKatorrjrt^ ovrw Mevwv r^yaXXero 
 T(p e^airarav huvaadat, rw rirXaaaadat yjrevhrj, ra> ^IXovi 
 
Hell. 2, n.] Fall and Restoration of Athens. 61 
 
 BiayeXav top Be /x/) iravovpyov twv cnraihevTwv ael evofii- 
 ^€V elvat. Kal irap oU fxev Uex^tpei irpoirevecv <f)L\la, Bca- 
 /SaWcov Tou? -n-pwTOV'i toutou? wero Selu K-n'iaaodai. 27. to 
 hi nTeiOopievov^ tou? arparLiLra^ irapex^cidaL U rov avvahi- 
 Kelv avroh e'^vX^taro. ro/jiaadaL he Kal eepa-jreveaOai if^iov 
 liTiheiKvvp,evo^ on irXelara hvvaiTO Kal eOeXoL av ahuKelv. 
 euepjealav Se KareXejev, Srr^Te rt? avrod acjilaTaLro, ori, 
 Xpc^^evo^ «^T^ ov'c clirciyXeaeu avrdv. 28. Kal ra pXv gj; 
 a(i>av9i e^eoTL irepl avrov y^revheaOai, a hi iravre^ laaai^ Ta6 
 eaii irapa ' ApiajtiriTcp filv ert t^palo^ cov (irpaTnjelv hte- 
 Trpd^aro t^v ^evcDV, 'Aptaltp he ^ap,edpcp ovii, orc^fiupaKloL^ 
 KaXol<i ijhero, olKewraro^ en wpalo^ oiv lyevejo, av70<i hi irai- 
 hcKU elxe Qapvirav dyeveio^ cov yevet^vra. 21>. diroevvaK^v- 
 7(0V hi Twv avarpaTi^ycov on laTpdrevaav eirl /SaatXea gvu 
 Kvpo), ravra 7re7rot7?/c^? ovk aTrlOave, p^era hi rovrcl.v uXXcov 
 edvarov arpajrjyCiv TipcopvOeh vtto /3a<7tXea)? ciTrlOavev, ovx 
 coairep KxUpxo^ ««t ol dXXoi aTpar7]jol aTrorp^v^evTe^ ra? 
 KecpaXa^, ocrirep T^x^aro^ ddvaio^ hoKel elvat, dxXa ^^vaiKL- 
 adeh Ivtavibv «9 vroi/T/po? xLyejai t^9 reXei^T^? rvxelv. ^ 
 
 30. '^7/a? hi 'ApKU^ Kal XcoKpaJT)'^ 6 ' Axato^ Kal tovtcd 
 direOavlrr^v. tovtwv hi ovO' «? ei^ 7ro\e/x« KaK^iV^ ovheh Kcire-^ 
 yeXa ovr eU (piXUi' avrov^ ep^ep^ero. rjainy ^^ dp,<^(x) dpcjyl 
 ra irevje kcll rptaKovia err] airo yevea^. 
 
 11. FALL AND RESTORATION OF ATHENS. 
 
 [Hellenica, II.] 
 
 II. 3. 'Ev he raU 'A6^vaL^, tt}^ FlapaXou d(j)iKopev7]<; 
 VVKTO^, eXeyero 17 ^vpcpopa, Kal 77 olpoyy^ U rov IleLpaLaj^: 
 hia Twv p^uKpwv reiX^v h aarv hu^nev, o eiepo^ ru) eiipcp^ 
 irapayyeXXcov coar eKeivi)^ t^9 vvkto<^ ovheU iKOip^Ov, ov 
 
62 Fall and Hestoration of Athens, [Xen. 
 
 (jLovov Tov<; aTToXcoXoTO.? irevOovvTe^, aWa iroXv fiaWov ert 
 avTcil eavTOVi, ireiaeo-Oai vofil^ovre^ ola eTroLrjaav MijXLovi 
 Te AaKeoaifXovLwv uTroLKOV^ ovTa<;, KpaT7jaapT6<; iroKtopKLa, 
 Kol 'I(JTLaLea<;, kul ^KC(Dvaiov<;^ Kai Topcovatov^, Kai Acjivt]- 
 ra<;^ Kai aXXov<; ttoXXoi/? tcou EWijvcov. 4. ry S vare- 
 paca eKK\r)aiav eTrotrjaav, ev r) eho^e tol*? re Xi/ieva<; aTTO- 
 '^(oaat ttXtjv ei^o?, Kat ra ret^?; evrpeTTt^eiv^ Kai (^vXaKa<; 
 €<ptaravai, Kai raXXa rravra o)? e? iroXiopKLav TrapaaKeua' 
 
 ^UV TTjV TToXiV. Kat OVTOC /X€V TTepi TUVTa Tjiav. 
 
 5. Avaavhpo<i h €k rov EXXrjaTTovTOv vavac Zluko- 
 <TLai<i acjyiKo/uLevo'i et? Aea^ov, KareaKevaaaro Ta<i re aXXa<; 
 TToXet? ev avrrj, Kai McrvXrjV7]v • ei? Be ra eiri QpaKt^^ 
 '^copta err6fji-\^e Zeica rpiripei^ e'^ovra EreoviKOV, b? ra CKel 
 iravra tt/^o? AafceBaifiovtov; /ULerearrjaev. 6. ev6v<; he Kai 
 ij aXXr] EXXas a(f)eiarrjKei AOrjvaicov /nera ttjU vav/xa'^i^iav, 
 ttXtjv ^a/jLicDV. ovTOi Be, (T(^aya<^ rcop yvcopijicov ttoit]' 
 crai/T69, Karel-^ov rrjv ttoXiv. / 7. AvaavBpo^ he /nera ravra 
 e'TTefiyjre 7rpo<; ^Ayiv re et? AeKeXeiav Kai et? AaKeSai/ULOva, 
 on TrpoarrXei aw BLaKO(Jiai<i vavai. AaKeBai/jiovioi he 
 e^yeaav Travhrj/iiei, Kai oi aXXoi JJeXoirovvriaioi, ttXtjv ^ Ap- 
 yeicov, rrapa<y<yeiXavro'^ rov erepov AaKehaifioviwv /SaaiXeco^;, 
 Uavaaviov. 8. errei he airavre^ rjOpoiaOyorav, avaXa^cov 
 avrov^, rrpo^ rr]v rroXiv earparoTrehevaev ev rr) AKahrjfiia, 
 rep KaXovfxevu) yvpLvaaicp. 9. Auaavhpo<; he, a^iKofxevo^i 
 rrpoi; Aiyivav, arrehcoKe rrjv rroXiv Aijiv7irai<;, oaov^ ehv- 
 vara rrXeiarov^ adpoiaa<i avrcov • to? h avrco<^ Kai Mr}Xioif;, 
 KOI roi<; o.XXoi'^ oaoi r?}? avrcov earepovro. /jiera he rovro 
 hr)waa<i "XaXapuva^ (opjuiaaro Trpo? rov Ueipaia vavai irev- 
 ri]KOvra Kai eKa-rov^ Kai ra rrXola elpje rov elarrXov. 
 
 10. Oi h A0r,]'a2oi, TToXiopKovpievoi Kara yrjv Kai Kara 
 uaXarrav^ rjiropovv ri '^pr] TTOieiv, ovre vecov ovre aVfJLfid- 
 
Hell. 2, ii.] Consternation in the City. 63 
 
 ywv avTOi<; ovrayv, ovt€ airov ' evofiii^ov 8' ovBe/jLiav elvat, 
 crcoT7]ptav rou /jut] iraOelv a ov Ti/jiO)puu/jLevoL €7roir)aai/^ aWii 
 Bta TTjP vjSpcv ■))hLKOvv avOpdiirov^i /xiKpo7ro\LTa<;, ov8 eirl 
 /Mia aLTca erepa rj on €K€tvoL<i auveixa-^^ovv. 11. hut 
 ravra tov<; uti/jlov^ eTrcTLixovi Troiiiaavie<^^ eKaprepovu • koI 
 airodurjcTKOVTOiV ev rfj TroXet Xl/jLO) ttoWwu^ ov bieXeyovro 
 irepi StaXkayrj<;. Ettcc Be iravreXw^; rjBrj oalro<; eTreXeXoi- 
 Tret, eirep-\^av Trpecr/Sec^; irapa * AyiVy /SovXofieuoL ^ufi/jbaj^^ot 
 elvai AaKeSaijjLoviOL^i, 6')(ovTe<^ ra rec^V '^^^ '^^^ UdipaLa^ 
 Kah eirl rovroi^ ^vv6i]Ka^ TTOieiaOai. 1*2. o 5e avrov<; e? 
 AaKehaLfJLova e/ceXevev ceuat, • ov yap eluat Kvpuo^ avTo<i. 
 CTree B a7rr}yy6LXav ol irpea^ei'^ ravra rol<; AOrjvaLoi^, 
 eirepL-y^av avrov^ e? AaKeBacpLOva. 13. oi S , eirei rjaav ev 
 XeXXaaia^ irXriaiov rrj<; Aa/ccDVLKr}^^ Kai eirvOovro avrcop ol 
 E(f)opoL a eXeyov^ ovra ola irep Kat rrpo<; * Ayiv, avroOev 
 avrov^ eiceXevov aTrievat, Kai, eu re Beovrau eLpi]vr]<^t kuXXlov 
 rjKeiv IBovXevaaiJLevov<;. 14. Ol Be rrpecr^^t^ erret rj/cou 
 oc/caBe, Kau a7rr]yyeiXav ravra e? rr)v ttoXlv, aOvfiia eveireae 
 rrraacv • oyovro yap avBpaTroBiaOriaeaOai,, kol, ew? av Tre/z- 
 TTcocTLP erepov<=; rrpeo-^et^^ rroXXov^ tco Xr/x^ airoXelcrOat. 
 15. Trepi, Be rwv reL-)((x)V rri<^ KaOaipeaecoi ouSet? e^ovXero 
 ^vjjb^ovXeveiv • Ap^earparo<; ycip^ etircDv ev rrj ^ovX^ 
 AaKeBaLfiovLOL<; Kpariarov elvat e<^ ol^ Trpoe/caXovvro 
 eiprjvrjv TTOLelaOat^ eBedrj • (rrpoeKaXovvro Be rcov fiaKpcov 
 rei')((ov eTTL Betca crraBiov; KaOeXelv eicdrepov 'j eyevero Be 
 'ylrT)(f>La/jLa fir) e^eivai rrept rovrcov ^vjuL/SovXeveLV. 
 
 16. Tocovrcov Be ovrcov^ 0r}pafjLevr]<; elirev ev efCKXTjaia^ 
 orty €L ^ovXovrac avrov irefxy^ai rrapa AvaavBpov, eiBco<; 
 7]^eL AafceBai,/jLovtov<; rrorepov e^avBparroBiGaaOau rr]v iroXiv 
 jSovXofjbevoL avre^ovai irepu rcov reLj^cov, rj TTicrreo)? evetca. 
 7r€p(f)0eL^ Be Bierpc^e rrapa AvadvBpw rpel^ /j,yva<; kul 
 
64 Fall and Restoration of Athens. [Xen. 
 
 TrXetft), €7rtr7]pcov oTrore AQ-qvaloi e/ieWov, Bca to tiTiXe 
 Xoiirevau tov alrov airavTa, o tl rt? Xejoc G/io\oyijaeiv, 
 17, eiret he rjice too Terapra) fjLJjvi, aTrriyyetXev ev €KK\r]~\ 
 crta on avrov AvaavSpo^ reo)? /lev Kare^oi,, elra KeXevot e? 
 AaKehat/jLOva levat • ov yap eivai Kvpio<^ o)v tpcoTWTo vir 
 avrov, aXXa tov<; Ecpopovg. fiera ravra rjpeOr] rrpecr- 
 ^evTT]^ €9 AaKeSat/jLova avroKparwp SeKaT0<i avTo<;. 
 
 1§. Avaavhpo^ he rot? K(^opoi^ e7re/x^|rei/ ayyeXovvra 
 {ler aWcov AaKehaijxovLWv ApLaTOTeXrjv^ (f)vyaha AOrjvalov 
 ovra, on airoKpLvairo Qijpa/mevei €KeLV0u<i Kvptov; e\vaL 
 eipr]V7]<^ Kat TToXefxov. 19. ©tjpafjievr]'; Be kql ol uXXol 
 TrpecTySet?, eirec rjaau ev ^eXXaaia, epayrco/Jievoc eirc tlvl 
 Xoycp TjKOiev, elTrov on avroKparope^; irepL eipr]VT]<^. fiera 
 ravra at E(f)opot, KoXelv e/ceXevov. errei h r)Kov, eKfcXr]- 
 aiav eiTOL'qaav^ ev f) avreXeyov KopLvOioi Kat ©rj^atot /xa- 
 Xicrra, ttoXXol he Kac aXXot rcov EXXtjvwv^ fir] GTrevheoOat 
 A6rjvaL0i<^, aA-V e^aipelv. 20. Aa/cehai/ioi'ioi he ov/c ecpa- 
 aav ttoXlv 'EXXrjviha uvhpairohtelv^ fieya ayaOov etpya- 
 a/jiev7]v ev rot? jneyiaroii^ Kivhvvois yevofxevoL^ rfj EXXahi • 
 a\X eiroiovvro eiprjvrjv, €(p o) ra re fiaKpa rei'^rj Kac rov 
 TlecpaLa Ka6eXovra<;^ Kac ra<; vav^ ttXtjv hcoheKa Trapahov- 
 Ta<^^ Kac rov<; <f)vyaha<i KaOevra^;, rov avrov e')(6pov Kac (j^cXov 
 vofic^ovra<^^ AaKehatfiovioci eireauac koc Kara yrjv Kac Kara 
 daXarrav, oiroc av ijycovrac. 21. ©r}pa/jiev7]<i he Kac oc 
 aw avro) rrpea^ec^ eTravecpepovro ravra e? ra? AOi^va'^. 
 eca-covra<^ h avrov; o^Xo<; irepce^elro ttoXi;?, <^o^ojj[xevoc 
 fir) airpaKroc rjKocev • ov yap ere evey^wpec fievecv hca to 
 ttXtJ^o? rcov aiToXXvfievwv ra> Xcfio). 22. Trj he varepaca 
 airrjyyeXXov oc 7rpea/3€c<; ecp ot? oc AaKehacjucovcoc rroLoivro 
 TTjv ecprivrjv ' rrporjyopec he avrcov ©Tjpafievrj^;, Xeywv «? 
 yjirj TrecOeaOac AaKehacfjcovcoa kccI ra rec)(7) Trepiaipelv. 
 
Hell. 2,111.] The TUrtij Tyrants. 65 
 
 avreiTTOvTcov he tlvcov cutw, ttoWco 8e irXeLoimv ^vve- 
 J nratveadvTcou, eBo^e hexecrOai ti)v elpi'ivr^v. ri- Mera hi 
 ravra AvaavSp^^ re KaTeirXet €<? tov Tleipaia, Kal ol 
 <f uyaSe? Karyeaav, KOi ra reixV tcarea-KaTrrov vir'^ av\r]rpl'^ 
 Bcov TToW^ irpodvfJLca, vo/jLi^ouTe<; eKeivr^v r^v yfiepav rrj 
 'EWciBl apx^tv T179 eXevOepia^, 
 
 III. Tcp S' e-movTi erei — eu w rfv 'OXufiTrta^, y ro ard- 
 hov euLKa kpoKLva^ eerraXh^, EvSlov eu ^irdprr] e^i^opev- 
 ovTO^, nvOoh^pov a' ev 'AOnvai^ dpxovTO<;, ou ^AOvvalot,, 
 Stp ev oXi^yapxta VpeOv, oU ovofid^ovatv^, clX>C dvapxtav 
 tIv evLavTOV tcaXovcnv eyevero he avrv h oXijapx^a wSe 
 2. eho^e Tw Sr]>&) rpLafcovra dvhpa^ eXeaOai, ol rou? Tra- 
 rp/ou? v6p>ov^ ^vyypdfovo-i, Kaff ov^ TroXnevaovai • Kat 
 {jpidriaav ovtol, UoXvdpxn^, KpcrU, MtjX^/Slo^, Ttttto- 
 Xoxo^, EvKXelhr)^, 'lepcov, MvTjalXoxo^, Xpe'ficov, Ovpa- 
 fievT}^, "Apeaia<i, AlokX^<;, ^athpla^, XaipeXem, "Avalno^, 
 neiawv, Xo^ofc\^<i, 'EpaToa6evi^<^, XapiKX^^, 'OvofJ.aKXi% 
 eeoyvo<?, Al(TX^V7)<;, Geoyevr)^, KXeofn^hrj^, 'EpaaLO-Tparo^, 
 ^elhcou, Apafcovrlht)^, EvpLdOr]^, ' ApicnoTeXr]^^, 'I-mToixaxo'^, 
 Mv7](TL0€lh7]<;. 3. To6tcov h^ iTpaxOevTcov, dTreirXei Avaav^ 
 hpo^ irph ^dfiov ' ^Ayt^ 3' sk t^? AeKeXeU dirayayl^v to 
 irei^ov arpdrevfia, hieXvcre Kara TToXet^ ifcdarov^.^ ' ' ' \ 
 fll. Ol he rpcdKOvra ypeOvfrav filv eirel raxto-Tci ra 
 fiaKpd relxv ^^'^ '^^ '^^P^' "^'^^ netpata KaerjpeOv ' aipeOev- 
 Te9 he €(/)' «T6 ^vyypdyjrat vdpiov^, Ka& ov(Triva<; iroXiTev- 
 golvt'o, tovtov^ fJ^ev del 'ifieXXov ^vyypd^etv re Kal diro- 
 heiKV^vai, (SovX^v hi Kal Ta? dXXa^ dpx^^ A^areVrT^o-ai/, r^)? 
 ehoKeL avroU. 12. "EireLTa nrp^rov fiev, oU TraVre? ??Se- 
 aav Iv rf) hvfJ^oKparta diro crvKocpavrla^ ^^vra^, Kal rot? 
 KaXoh Kal dyaOoh iSapeU ovra^, avXXafM^dvovre^ vir^yov 
 davdrov • Kal ^ ^e (3ovX^ v^eco<; avr^v KaTe^\r7](^iK^ro, ol re 
 
66 Fall and Bedoraiion of Athens. [Xen. 
 
 aWoL, oaot, ^vvrjheaav eavTol<^ fir) ovre<i rotovroi, ov^ev 
 ^]y6ovto. 13, 'Eireu he rjo^avro jSovKeveaOai 07rQ)<; av 
 €^€i7) avTol<i 7rj TToXec '^prjaOao b7rw<=; jSouXoLvrOy e/c tovtov 
 irpwTOV /16V, 7re/j.-\{rauT6(i e? AaKeSai/xova Al(T')(ip7]V re Kai 
 'ApLaTOjeXrjv, eireiaav Avaavhpov (^povpov^ acpccTi, ^v/jl- 
 nrpa^ai eXOelv, ect)? 3?), toi;? 7rovr)pov<; eKirohwv 7rocr)aa/jLe- 
 voL, KaTaari'iaaLVTO rrfv iroXireLav • Opey^etv he avroi vTn- 
 cryvovvTo. 6 he TretaOeLf;, roi;? re (ppovpov; Kai KaWi^LOV 
 dpfioarrjv ^vveirpa^ev avTo2<; 7reiJL(^6r)vai. 
 
 14. Ol h' eVel ti]V (ppovpav ekajBov, rov fxev KaWt/Scov 
 lOepcLTTevov iraar] Oepaireia^ to? Travra eTracvotr] a it par- 
 roteu ' rwv hi- (ppovpwv tovtov ^vixireixirovTo^ avTOc<; ob? 
 e/SovXouTO^ ^vueXafji/Savov ovketc tou? irovripov^ re Kat, 
 oXtyov d^LOV<;, dX')C rjhr) oi;? evofit^ov y^iaaTa jiev irapw- 
 Oov/xevov^ dv6')(eG6ai, dyTLirpaTTeiv he tl eiriy^etpovvTa^ 
 irXelaTov; av tov<; ^vve6eXovTa<; Xafi/Saveiv. 15. To) /xev 
 ovv TrpcoTco %poi'W o KpLTta<^ Tco 07]pa/jieveL o/JLoyvco/JLcov re 
 Kol (f)tXo^ r]v ' eTTel he auro? fxev TrpoireTrj^ rjv evrt to ttoX- j 
 Xof? diToicTeLveLV, are koI ^vjcov vtto tov hr]/JL0v, o he Grjpa- j 
 fievrj^i dvTeKoirTe, Xejcov otl ovtc €lko<; eir) Oavarovv, et Tf? 
 eTijiCLTO VTTO TOV hr]/jLOV, TOU? he KaXov<i Kai wyaOov^ firjhev 
 KaKOv elpyd^eTO • Eirel Kat ejco, e^rj, Kat av noXXa hr) 
 TOV apecTKeiv eveKa tjj ttoXcl kul enroixev Kau eTpa^afxev. 
 16. 'O he (eVfc yap olKeL(o<; €')(p7]T0 tco Srjpafievei^ avTe- 
 Xeyev, otl ovk ey')(^a3pocr} Tot? irXeoveKTelv /SovXo/ievoL^;, fxr) 
 ovK eKiTohcov iroielaOat tou? LKav(OTaTOv<; htaKCoXveiv ' Et 
 3e, oTfc TpidKovTa €(7fxev Kat oui^ et?, yjttov Tt ouei, wcr- 
 irep TVpnvvtho<;^ TavTi]^; t^;? ap')^7](; %/3i7^'at eTTtfAeXeladat, 
 evi]6ri<; et. 
 
 [ly. Erreu Se, aTroOvrja kovtwv ttoXXwv Kai ahiKW<;, 
 'TToXXot hrjXot Tjaav ^uinara/jLevot Te Kat 6avfid^ovTe<^ Tt 
 
Hell. 2, iii.j List of Thrcc Thousand. C7 
 
 ecroLTO rj TToXLTeca, iraXiv eXeyev o ©rjpa/jLevT]^;, otl^ el /jli] 
 ^ 7L<i KOLVCOvov<^ LKavov^ X7]y\roLTO rwv TTpayixaroyv, uBuvarou 
 eaoLTO rr]v oXiyapyiav htaiieveiv. 18. eK rovrov fievroi 
 KptTLa<; KUL OL aXXoL rpca/covTa^ 1)87) ^ojSou/ievot, koI ovy 
 rjfctara rov 0r]pafiev7]V, /jlt] auppvecrjaav tt^o? avTop ol ttoXI- 
 Taiy KaraXeyovcrt rpLa^tXoov<i tou? iie6e^ovra<^ 8r] roiu 
 irpay/j,aTO)v. 19. d^ au ©r)pafjLev7}<^ kul irpo^ ravra 
 eXeyev^ on aroirov Bokoltj eavrco elvat, to irpcoTov fxev 
 ^ouXo/jLeuov<; tou? jSeXTtarovi Toiv iroXirwv kolvcovov; iron]- 
 (TaaOaL r/otcr^tXtoL'?, coairep tov aptOfiov rovrov e^ovrd 
 TLva avuyK7]u KaXov<i Kat ayaOov^ elvat^ Kai our e^co rovrcov 
 (T7rovoaLov<?y ovr €vro<; rovrcov 7rovr)pov<; oiov re eirj yeve- 
 udau ' Erreura 8 , e^?;, opw eycoye Suo v/jLa<i ra evavrtoyrara 
 irparrovra'^y /Staiav re rrjv ap-^rjv kul rjrrova rcov ap'^ofie- 
 VQ)v Kara(TKevatofjLevov<^. ,, 20. O /jl€v ravr eXeyev. ot S' 
 e^eracTLv 7roiriaavre<; rwv fiev rpLa'^cXtCDv ev rfj ayopa, rwv 
 Be e^Q) roo KaraXoyov aXXwv uXXa-^ov, eireira KeXevcravre^; 
 em ra orrXa ev o) eKeivoL aTreXrjXvdecrav, 7re/x'v|ra^'T69 rov<i 
 (j)povpov<; Kai rcov iroXircov toi;? o/JLoyvw/jLova^; avrol<;^ ra 
 orrXa rravrwv, rrXt]v rcov rpLa')(^iXLcov, rrapeiXovro • kcil ava^ 
 Ko /ji Lcravre<i ravra e? rrjv atcporroXiv, ^vveOrj/cav ev tco vaoj. 
 21. Tovrcov Be yevo/jLevcov^ co? e^ov rjBrj iroielv avro2<; 
 ri ^ovXoLvro, rroXXov^ puev eyOpa'^ eveKa arreKreivov, rroX- 
 Xov^ Be ')(^prjiJLarcDV. eBo^e B aiyrot?, 07rco<; e^otev Kac roi<; 
 <ppovpol<; 'y^p7]/jLara BcBovaiy Kat rcov fieroLfCcov eva eKaarov 
 Xa/Selv Kau avrov<^ piev airoKreLvai, ra Be '^pr]/iara avrcov 
 aTrocrrj/jL-qvacrdaL. 22. ^EtceXevov Be Kau rov GrjpapLevijv 
 Xa/Seiv ovnva ^ovXolto. B aTrexpLvaro • AXX ov BoKel 
 pLOi, e(f)rj, KaXov elvat, cf)a<JK0vra<; ^eXnarov^ eivai, aBiKco- 
 repa rcov crvK0<pavrcov Troceov. eKetvot puev yap, rrap cov 
 Xprifiara XapLJSdvoLev, ^rjv elcov • rjpueU Be airoKrevovfLev 
 
68 Fall and Hedoraiion of Athens, [Xex. 
 
 f.tr]E6V aZiKovvTa<;^ Iva '^piifiara Xafipapcofiev ; ttco? ov 
 ravra tm ttuvtI eKelvcov aOLKojrBpa ; ^3. Ou 8, e/^TrcScoy. 
 vojjLL^ovre^ avrov elvat tco iroielv 6 n ^ovXolvto, eiri^nv- 
 Xevouacv avrco, koI ihta irpo^ tou? ^ov\€VTa<; aWo^ ttjoo? 
 aWov Ste/SaWov^ ft)? XujjiaLvofievov rrjv iroXiTeiav. kcu 
 irapayyelXavre^ veavi(JKOL<^^ 6v eBoKOVv avTol^ Opaavraroi 
 elpat, ^c(f)LSLa vtto /iaX7j<i e'^ovra'^ 7rapa<yevea6at, ^vveXe^av 
 TrjV ^ovXrjv. 24. cTret Se o 6r}pafJLev7]<; iraprjv^ ava(na<; 6 
 KpLTLa<^ eXe^ev coSe* 
 
 *if2 av^pe^ ^ovXevrac, ec fxev rt? viiwv vofxi^ei irXeova^; 
 rov Kaipov airoOvriaKeiv^ evvotiaaro) on, ottov TroXirelat 
 fiedlaTavrai, 'TTav7a')(ov ravra ytyverac * rrXeiarov^ S' 
 avayKT) TroXe/jLLOVi eivai rol^ 6? oXiyap-^iav {JLeOiaraai, Sea 
 re TO TToXvavdpcoTTorarrjv rwv EXX7]vlSo}v rnqv ttoXlv elvai, 
 Kai Sici ro rrXeuarov ')(^povov ev eXevOepia rov Sfjfiov reOpa- 
 (f)6at. 25. r]/bi€2<; Se, yvovre^ fxev rot^; otoi<; rjjjblv re Kal 
 vfjuv '^aXeiTr]v TroXcreiav elvat hn^ixoKpanav, yvovre<i Se on 
 AaKehatfjiOVioi^ rol<; rrepiawaaaiv r]pia<; o jxev 877/1-09 oviror 
 av <pLXo<; yevoiro, ot Be jSeXnaroi aei av mcrroL StareXoiev, 
 Bia ravra gvv rfj AaicehaifJioviwv yvwfxr) rrjvBe rrjv iroXi- 
 retav KaOlaraixev. 26. Kai eav nva aiaOavwixeOa evavriov 
 rr) oXtyapy^ici^ oaov BwapueOa eKirohcov TTOLovfieOa • "ttoXv 
 Be fiaXtara r/fuv SoKel BtKaiov eivai, ei rt? tj^wv avrcov 
 Xv/xacverai, ravrrj rrj Karacrracrev, Blktjv avrov hthovai. 
 2'y. Nvv ovv ato-Oavo/ieOa OrjpafMevrjv rovrovu, oU hvvarai, 
 airoXXwra i]ixa'^ re Kai vfjLa<^. «? Be ravra aXijOrj^ 7]v 
 raravorjre, evpiqaere ovre '\\reyovra ovBeva fiaXXov Grjpafie- 
 vov<; rovrovi ra rrapovra, ovre evavnovfievov, orav nva 
 eKrroBcov (SovXcofieOa rroiriaacrOai ru>v Brjfiaycdycov. eo fiev 
 roLvvv e^ ^PXV^ ravra eyLyvcoa/ce, 7roXejjLio<; fiev rjv, ov 
 fievroL TTov7}po<^ y av BcKaLcof; evo/xl^ero • 28. vvv Be, — 
 
Hell. 2, in.] CriUas attacks Theramenes. G9 
 
 (bcXta^, auTO^ he T179 rou hrifiov KaraXvaew^, fiaXtara he 
 €^op/j,T](7a<; ///xa? rok TrpcoToc^ u7rajo/xevoL<i et? ///xa? Slktjv 
 eiTiTiOevai, — vvv, eirel Kal vfieU kul iifiel<i (pai^ep^^ ^X^po\ 
 TM St]ii(P ryeyevrifieOa, ovfcer avro) ra ytyvufMeva upeaKei, 
 0™? auTO? fjuev av ev tw dacpakel KaTaarrj, i^p^el^ he Ukt^v 
 hwfjiev T^virenrpaypieviDV. 29. (oare ov fiovov m <x^p(o 
 avrco irpoaiifcet, dXka . Kal «? Trpohorrj vfifov re Kal tifiwv, 
 Sih^vat Tr)v SUtju. KalroL rocrovrw p,6U heiv6Tepov nrpoho- 
 aa TToXefMOV, oacp x^^eTTwrepoz/ (PvXd^aaOac to a(j)ave^ 
 rod (f)avepod • roaovrcp 8' exOcov, oaw 7ro\e/x,,oi fiev dvOpco- 
 TTOC Kal cnrevhovTaL avdL<;, Kal Tnarol yiyvovjai ' ov S' av 
 irpohhdvra Xaix^dvcoat, ro^rrp ome loirelaaTO -rr^iroTe 
 ovheh, OUT iTTtarevae rod Xotirod. 30. ''iva he elh^re 
 dri ov Kacvd ravra ovto<; iroLel, dwd ^vaet TrpoSoVr?? ea-rlv, 
 dvafiVT^o-w vfia<; rd Tovrcp -rreirpayp.eva. ovTO<i jdp, e^ 
 apXV'i yaei; rifjLd)fi6vo<; viro rod h^ixov Kard rov irarepa 
 "AyvcDva, TrpoTrerecrTaTO? eyevero r^v hiqixoKpaJiav /xera- 
 CT^aai et? tou? TerpaKoatov^, Kal Inrpdirevev Iv eKeivoL<^. 
 eirel 3' ri(j6eT0 dvrUaXdv rt r^ oXtyapxta ^vvtard/J.ei'OV, 
 irp^TO^ av riyefi^v tw hri/uLM eV e/cetVou? eyevero.^ 31. odev 
 h/)iTov Kal KdOopvo^ eTTLKaXelTai. Kal ydp^ 6 Kodopvo^^ dp-^ 
 fioTTetv fiev ToU iroalv dpLcjiorepot^ hoKel, d-Tro/SXeTrei 8' evr^ 
 dfi<pdT6pov. hel hi, ^ S'npdiieve^, dvhpa tov d^iov^ ^^v ov 
 irpodyeiv fiev heivov elvai eU irpdypara rou? ^vvdvra^, ^1/ 
 hi TL dvTtKdirrr,, elOv^ pier a^dXXea 6 at • dxx! (Lairep kv vt^l 
 hiairovelaeai, L^ dv eU ovpov Karaar^aLV ' el he p^rj, tt^w? 
 dv dcpUoLvrd irore evOa hel, el, eirechdv n dvnKd^ri, evdv^ 
 €9 rdvavrla irXeoiev T]^2. Kal elal /u,}v hr.irov iraoaL^fieTa- 
 fioXal iroXiTeif-hv eavarrjcf^dpoL ' av he, hcd to €u/xeTj^oXo9 
 ehac, irXelaroL^ fxev p^eralrco^ el ef oXcyapxia^ «^^o "^o^' 
 
70 Fall and Restoration of Athens. [Xen. 
 
 B^fiov aTToXcoXevai, TrXeiaroig B €K Sr]fxofcparia<; vtto twi/ 
 fieXriovcov. Omo^ he tol eanv, 09, ra^^et? uveXeoOat vtto 
 Twv (JTpa77]'yoiv Tou? Karahui^ra^ AOrjvaccov ev ry Trepc 
 Aea/Sov vav[xa')(^La, avio^ ovtc dveX6fievo<;, bficof; to)v crpajT)- 
 rycov KaT7)jopa)v aireKTeivev avTov<;, Lva avTO^ Trepcacodecy. 
 33. 0(JTL<; ye fi7]v cpavep6<; eari, tov fiep TrXeove/crelv aei 
 eTTL/jLeXov/JLevof;, rod Be KaXov kul tcov (j)iXcov /uLrjSev evrpe- 
 TTO/jievofi, TTCo'i TOVTOV XP^ 7roT6 (j)eiaaa6aL ; ttco? o ov 
 (pvXd^aaOai, elhoTa^; avrov ra? iieTa^oKa<^^ ft)? {Jlt] /cat tj/jia<i 
 TavTO Bwaadrj TTOLyaai, ; riixel<; ovv tovtov vTrayo/iev Kat 
 CO? eTTi^ovXevovTa^ Kat «? irpohiBovTa 7jfj.a<; t€ Kat vfia<i. 
 1^34. 'il? S' eiKQ-a nTOtov/xev, Kat raS evvorjaare. KaXXiorr) 
 fxkv yap Bj]7rov BoKet TroXtreta elvat rj AaKeBatfxovtwv • et 
 8' Iv €K6tV7] eirt^eiprjaete Tt? rwv E(j)opcov, avrt tov T0t9 
 irXetoat iretdeadat, 'yjreyetv re rrjv ap^V^ '^"^ evavrtovoOat 
 Tol<^ Trparrofievoi^;, ovk av oteoOe aurov Kat utt' avrcov roiv 
 'E(j)opcov Kat VTTO T179 dXX7)(; aTracTTy? Tro/Veo)? ttJ? /jb€ji(TTrj<; 
 Tt/jLa)pta<; d^twOrjvat ; Kat U/Ltet? ovv, eav acocfypovTjTe, ov tov- 
 tov dXX^ v/uL(ov avTojv ^elaeade ' &)? ol/to?, acoOet^; /nev^ 
 iroXXov<; av /jteya (f)pov€iv TTOtrjaete tcov evavTta ytyvwaKov- 
 TCOV u/jlIv ' anroXdjievo'^ 3e, TravTcov Kat tcov ev r^ TroXet Kat 
 
 TCOV 6^0) VTTOTe/JLOt ctv Ta<^ eXTTtSa?. 
 
 35. 'O fjikv TavT eWayv eKaOe^eTO • Gijpa/.Levr}'^ 8e ava- 
 aTct^i eXe^ev* AXXa TrpcoTov fxev fxprjoOijaof^at^ co avSpes^ o 
 TeXevTalov KaT e/iov eiire. (pijai yap fie tou? aTpaT7]yov<i 
 airoKTeivat KaTijyopovvTa. eyco oe ovk rjp'^ov KaT eKetvcov 
 Xoyov, aXX eKelvot ecpaaav^ Trpo(7Tay6ev /Jtot vcf) eavTcov^ 
 OVK aveXeaOat tov<; Sucrru^owTa? ev Tjj Trept Aecr/Sov vav' 
 fxa'^Lci. eyco Be a7roXoyovfievo<;, «<? Sta tov ^(etiJbUJva ovhe 
 nrXelv, fir) oTt avatpetaOat tou? avBpa<i, BvvaTov rjv^ eSo^a 
 TT) TToXet etKOTa Xeyeii/, eKetvot Be eavTcov KaTJjyopelv ecpai* 
 
 ^ 
 
Hell. 2, in ] Defence of Thcramenes, 71 
 
 vovro ' cpacr/coi/re? y^p oiov re ecvai a^craL tol'? avbpa^y 
 TTpoejievoL avrov<i anoXeauuL^ a7ro7rXtovTe<; (o^ovro. 3G. ov 
 fjLeuTOL davfiat^d) ye ro Kptrtav Trapavevo/jiijfceuat • ore 'yap 
 Tavra rjv, ov irapcov eivy^avev, aXK ev ©6TTa\ia fjuera 
 IIpoii7]06co<; By/JiO/cpaTLav KUTeaKeva^e, /cat tou<^ ireveaia^ 
 ui-rrXil^ev eiru tov<; hecnTOTa<^. 3'3'. ccv fiev ovu ovro^ 
 €Kel eirparre, firjSev evOahe yevoiro • rahe ye fxevTOt, 6/jlO' 
 Xoyo) eyco toutm, €L rt? v/jia<; fiep rr}? ^^p%^?? ^ovXerai 
 Travaac^ tou? 8' e7n^ov\evovTa<^ vpav la-^vpov^ TTOLelv, Bl- 
 Kaiov elva.i t7]<^ /xeytcrT?/? avrov Ttfi(opia<; rvy^aueiu . baTi<i 
 /jLEptoc ravra Trparrayv eariv, OL/iai av v/jLa<; KaWiara 
 Kpcvecv, ra re TreTrpayfieua Kau a vvv irparret €Kaaro<i 
 7i/jLcov ei Karavoi]aere. 3§. Ovkovv p^^XP^ 1^^^ '^^^ vpa<i re 
 Karaarrjuac e? rrjv ^ovXecav, Kat ap^^i^ arroBeLxOrjvai^ kql 
 Tou? op^oXoyovfievco^ avKO^avra<; vrrayeaOai^ rravre<; ravra 
 eytyvciXTKoiiev ' erret oe ye ovroi rjp^avro avopa^ KaXov<; 
 re /cayaOov^ ^vXXapLJSavecv, etc rovrov Kayco 7)p^ap,7jv ra- 
 vavna rovioi'^ yiyvu^o Keiv. 39= rjBeiv yap on, aTroOin]- 
 aKOvro<; p.ev Aeovro<; rov XaXapivLov^ avBpo<^ Kat ovro<i 
 Kai BoKOvvro<^ uicavov elvaiy aBiKovvro<; 3 ovBe ev, ol o/jloloc 
 rovrw (po^Tjaoivro^ (f)Of3ov/jLevoL Be evavnot rr)Be rrj tto- 
 Xireia eaoivro. eytyvwdKOv Be ori^ ^vXXa/jL^avopernv 
 NcKrjparov rov Nlklov, kul rrXovatov Kat ovBev rrcoTrore 
 BrjijLorLKOV ovre avrov ovre rov rrarp})<; rrpd^avro'^^ ol rovrw 
 OjLLOioi Bvo-peuet<; vplv yevr]aoivro. 40. aXXa p^r^v^ khl 
 Avri(f)(i)i>ro<; v(f) vp^wv drroXXviievov, b? ev rco TroXep^ro Bvo 
 rpiripei^ ev irXeovaa'^ rrapecx^ro, rj7narap.r]v on Kac ot 
 TTpouvpoL rr) iroXei yeyevrjpevoi rravre<; vrrorrro)'^ vpcv 
 e^oiev. avreliTov Be Kau ore rwv pLerouKwv eva CKacrrou 
 Xa^etv e(f)aaav ^PV^^^ ' ^vBijXov yap i]V on^ Tovrwv airo' 
 Xofxevtov^ Kul ol p,eroLKOi arravre^ TroXep^tof- -ry iroXireca 
 
72 Fall and Restoration of Athens. [Xen. 
 
 eaoiVTO. 41. avTelirov he Kac ore ra oifKa rov irXiiOov^ ira- 
 pfjpovi>To, ov vofxi^cov '^prjvat aaOevrj ti]v ttoXlv Troiecv ovSe 
 ycip rov^ Aa/ceSai/jbovLOV^ ecopwv rovrou eveKa l3ov\ofi6vov<i 
 irepcawaai 7]/jLa<;, oirco^^ oXcyoc yevo/juevot^ /jiijSev hwaufxeOa 
 avTOv<; cocfieXeLv • e^rjv yap avTol^^ ec tovtov y eheovro^ 
 KUL fjL7]Seva \lit60V, oXtyov ert '^povov ro) Xc/jLco irceaavra^;. 
 
 42. ovSe ye to ^povpov<; (jbtadovaOat ^vvrjpeaKe fioc^ e^ov 
 avTcov rcov ttoXltcov to<jovtov<; irpoaXafJi^aveiv^ eco? pahio}<^ 
 01 a/9^oz^T69 ep,eXXojjbev twv ap'^ojjievcov fcparT^aetv. ^Enrel 
 ye /ji7]v TToXXou? ecopcov ev rrj TroXeL rrj ap-^rj rf/Be Svcr/jbe- 
 vel<;, TToXXov; Be (pvyaSa'^ yiyi/o/jLevov;^ ovfc av ehoKei, /jloc 
 ovre OpaavfSovXoi' ovre Avvtov ovre AXkl^iuBtjv cpvya- 
 oeveiv ' rjoetv yap on ovrco ye ro avTiiraXov la'^vpou 
 eaotro, et toj pbev irXiiOei 7]y€/jLope<; LKavoi irpoayevrjaoiVTO, 
 Tot? 8e ijyelaOat l3ovXofi€voL<; ^vfjipia')(0L ttoXXol (pavrjcroLVTO. 
 
 43. O Tavra ovv vov6eT(ov ev rco <^avep(p, irorepa ev/jLevrjf; 
 
 av SiKaLCO'^^ 7] TTpohoTTj'^ VOflL^OiTO / ou^^ OL e')(6povs, CO Kpt- 
 
 Tta, KcoXvovre^ 7roXXov<; nroLetaOai^ ovhe ol ^vpjxa-yov^ irXet- 
 cTTOu? SiBuaKOvre^; KTaa6ai, gvtoi tow; iToXefjLoov<; ta')(ypov'; 
 iroiovaiv • aXXa iroXv /aaXXov Oi uBlkco^ re '^pij/xaTa a^au- 
 pov/jievoL, Kat tov; ovSev aSifcovvTa<; airoKTtLvovTe^i, ovToi 
 ecaLV OL Kac ttoAAou? tot;? evaviiov^ TroiovvTe^, Kac irpooL- 
 BovTe'^ ov /jLovov tov<; (ptXov;, aXXa Kai eavrov^, hi aia')(^p0' 
 KepBetav. 44. Ec Be fir) aWo)? yvcoaTOv otl aXrjOrj Xeyco, 
 code eTTLaKe-^aaOe. irorepov oieaOe Opaau/SovXav, Kai 
 Avvrov, fcat tov<; aXXov^ (pvyaBa^;, a eyco Xe'yo) fiaXXov av 
 ivuaBe ^ovXeaOat ylyveaOai, 7) a ovtol TrpaTTOvatv ; eyco 
 fiev yap oifiat vvv fxev avTov^i vojuLi^ecv ^viJLfxa'\cov iravTa 
 fiecTTa etvai • ei be to KpaTtcTTOV T7]<; TroXeco? 7rpocrcf}tXco<i 
 7]fiLv eL')(e^ 'x^aXeTTOV av riyelaOai etvat Kai to eTri^aiveiv Trot 
 T?;9 ')(^(opa<i. 45. '' A B av elirev, co? eyco elfjuc olo^ aei iroTe 
 
 N 
 
 
 
Hell. 2, in.] Defence of Thcramcncs. 73 
 
 fiera^aWeaOai^ Karavoijaare Kau ravra. niu ^ev yap 
 TOiV rerpaKoaLcdv TroA-crecau kul avTo<; cifrrov o 0)]/jio<^ ^y V" 
 (f)LaaTo, SiSaaKu/jL€vo^ w? ol AaiceZaifJiovLot Truai) TToXneia 
 /jLciXXou av 7] Br)fj.OKpaTia Triarevaeiav. 46. cTret he ye 
 eKelvoL fiev ouoeu avueaav^ ol Be a/x(f)L Apia-ToreXrji/ koI 
 Mekdvdiov Kal ^ Api(jTap-)(ov, orparriyovvie'^, (pavepul eye- 
 vovTO eiTL Tco ^co/xart epv/xa r€L')(^t^ouT€^, e*? b e/SovXovro 
 Tou? TTO/Ve/xtou? he^afievoi vcf) avroL<^ Kat, rot? €T€poi<i tjjv 
 nroXtv TTOcy^adcrdat, — et ravr cuadofiei'O'^ eyco SteKcoXvaa, 
 TOUT eaTL TTpoSoTTju elvat Tcov cf)LXcov ; 4.7. AiroKoXel he 
 KoBopvov yLte, 0)9 a/ji<pOT6poL^ TreLpcoixevov app.0TT€LV ' oaTL<^ 
 he pLTiheTepoL^ apecTKet,^ tovtov — o) tt^o? twi^ Oecov — tI 
 TTore Kac tcaXeaat '^pr] ; av yap h/] ev /xeu Tjj hrjfioKpaTia 
 TTuvTcov fj,Laohr]fMOTaT0<i evofiL^ov, ev he ttj aptaTOKpaTia 
 iravTwv fxL(JO-^pr](TTOTaTO'^ yeyevrjaav. 48. eyw h , (o Kpi- 
 na, eK,eivoi<i fiev aei iroTe iroXe/jLO) TOL<i ov Trpocruev oio/j,ei'Oi<; 
 KaXrjv av hrifioKpaTtav elvat^ irpiv KaL ol hovXoL, Kac ol 
 hL airoptav hpa'^/jurj^ av airohofievoL rrjv ttoXlv, hpa-^/jLrj<! 
 fjLeTe^oLev * KaL Tolahe y av aei evavTLo^ et/xt, ol ovk olov' 
 raL /caXr]v av eyy eveadaL oXLyap-^tav, irpLV et? to vtt 
 oXLycov TvpavvelaOaL TrjV ttoXlv KaTacTTTjcreLav. to /xevTOL 
 aw TOt? hvvafievoL<;^ Kat fieO 'tirirwv KaL /xer aairihcov 
 (DCJieXeLV hca tovtcov ti]v TroXLTetav, TrpooOev apiaTov i/yov- 
 firiv elvat, Kat vvv ov p,€Ta^(iX\ofiat. 49. et h e-)(€L<; 
 etirelv^ w KptTta, birov eyco ^vv rot? hr)fj.OTLKol<; 7] Tvpav- 
 PLKOt<i Tou? KaXov<; t6 KayaOov^ airoaTepelv iroXtTeta's evre^ 
 ')(etpriaa, Xeye • eav yap eXey^Ow 7/ vvv TavTa irpaTTWVy 
 T] TTpoTepov TTcoTTore rauTa nreirotriKO)'^, ofioXoyco tu ttuvtwu 
 ecr^aTcoTara 7ra6cov av hiKatw'; (iTroOvrjaKetv. 
 
 ^50, '/}? S' etiTcov TavTa eTravaaTo, Kat i] /BovXi] Sz/Xt; 
 eyeveTO evp.eva)<; eTriBopv/Sijaaaa, yvov<i 6 I^ptTta<^ ort, eu 
 
74 Fall and Restoration of Athens. [Xek. 
 
 eTTLTpeylret rrj fSovXrj Siaylr7](^L^e(T6aL irepc aurov^ ava(f)6u^0LT0^ 
 Koi Tovro ov I3l(D7 0u ■)jjr]aa/jL€vo<;^ irpoaeXocov kul Si.aXe' 
 yOet^ Tfc rot? rptuKovTa^ e^rjXOe^ Kau eTriarrjvaL eKeXevae tou? 
 Ttt eyyeipL^La e^ovra^ (pavepcof; ry ^ovXrj eiri rol^ Bpvcpa- 
 ACTOi?. 51, ttclXlv S^LaeXOoov^elTrev Ejo), co l3ovXr}yVOfiL{^co 
 Trpoardrov epjov elvai olov Bel, 09 av opwv tou? (f)tXov<i 
 e^aTrarcofievov^ /jLT) eTrnpeTrr]. Kai eyco ovv touto TTotTiaco. 
 /col yap ol8e 01 €(f)€aT7)K0T€<i ov (f>aaLV rjfjiiv eTTLrpeyjreLV, 
 el dvrjaofjL€v dvBpa top ^avepw<; 77]v oXLjap'^cav Xv/xaLvo- 
 lievov. ean he ev rol<; Kaivol<i vofioi^, twv fxev ev rot? 
 TpLa')(iXLOL<i bvTwv /jLTjSeva airoOvrjaKeLV avev rrj^ v/LLeTepa<i 
 -^i^cpov ' Twy 8 e^o) Tov KaraXoyov KvpLou^ elvai rov<^ rpia- 
 Kovra Oavarovv. eyco ovv^ €(f)r), ©rjpa/jLevrjv tovtovl e^a- 
 \ei(f)(j} eic TOV KaraXoyov, ^vvhoKovv airaaiv rj/jLtv. Kau 
 TovTov^ €(f)7), r//xet9 Oavarov/jbevri 
 
 52. AKOvaa<; ravra 6 ©r]pafievr]<^ aveirrjhrjaev eiri ri]v 
 
 hjanav, Kai eiirev ' iLyco o , ecpr}, co avope^, ncerevo) ra 
 iravTcov epvo/jLOirara, fir) eiri KpiTia elvai e^aXeKpeiv fjbvje 
 €/jL€, /xTjTe vfiwv ov CLV ^ovXi)Tai, aXX , ovirep vofxov omoL 
 eypayjrav Trepi rcov ev tm KaraXoyo), Kara rovrov Kai vfiiv 
 Kai efjLOi rrjv KptoiV eivat. 53. Kai, tovto fiev^ €<p7), fia tou? 
 6eov<^, ovK ayvow^ otl ovSev fioc apKeaet oBe o /3cop.o<; • aXXa 
 /SovXo/jiai, Kai tovto eiriBel^ai, otl ovtol ov /jlovov eiai Trepo 
 avOpG)7rov<; aBcKoiTaTOL, aXXa Kac Trepi Oeov<i aaefBearaTOi. 
 
 Tfxcov fievroi^ ^4*Vi ^ dvBpe<; KoXoi KayaOoi^ Oav/jba^co^ €t 
 /jiT) (3o7]6r]aeT6 vplv avTol^^ Kai ravra yiyvcocKovre^ on 
 ovoev TO e/jLov bvofia eve^aXeirrrorepov rj to v/jlcov eKaarov. 
 54, Ek Be rovrov eKeXevcre fiev 6 rwv rpiuKovra Krjpv^ 
 Tou? evBeKa em rov ©7]pa/jbevr)v. eKelvoi Be eicreXOovre^i 
 aw Tol<; vTrrjperai^;, rjyovfjievov avrcov ^arvpov, rov Opaav' 
 rarov avrcov Kai avaiBeararov^ elrre jxev 6 Kpirla^i • Uapa- 
 
 ^ 
 
Hell. 2, IV.] Thrasyhulus at Phjhe, 75 
 
 hlho^l€V vfMlv, ecj^v. Si]pa^ii'7)v rovTOVV, KaraKei^pifievov Kara 
 -iov vot^ov ' vfxeU Be Xal3ovT6<i kul dTTajay6vTe<;, ol evdeKa, 
 ov Bel, ra U tovto^v Trpciaaere. 55. 72? 8e^ ravja elirev, 
 elXfce fjilv cliro rod (Scofiov 6 ^dTvpo<;, elXfcov Be ol virrjpeTai.^ 
 6 Se ©T^pa/xeW?, (oairep eiKO^, Kal Oeous^ eireKaXelro koI 
 dvOp^iTov^ Kadopdv rd jtjvdfMem. V ^^ l3ov\^ ^avx^uu 
 elxei/, 6p^aa KaVrov<; kirl rot? BpvcfxifcroL^ 6/iolov^ ^arvpay, 
 Kal 70 efiirpoadev roO ^ovXevrrjplov iT\r]pe<; t^v (^pov 
 pwv, Ka\ ovK clyvoodvre^ ore eyx^ipiBia exovre^ nrapi^aav. 
 /56. ol 8' diTTiyayov Tov dvBpa Bid t^? dyopd^, p^dXa fie- 
 ydXrj TT) cpcovf, BrjXodvra ola eiraaxe.. Aeyerai 8e eu 
 pijfjia Kal Tovro avrov • m elirev 6 Xdrvpo^, on 0^(1^^0170 
 el M crta)7rr]V6t6i., Iir^pe70 • '^Av Se atcoTT^, ovk dpa, ecj^v, 
 olficl^^ofiat ; Kal eire'i ye dTTodv-naKeiv dvayKa^dfievo^ to 
 Kilvetov eTTLe, to XecTrdiievov ecpaaav d7roK077a^lo-av7a 
 eWelu amdv Kpi7la 70V7 ecT7oy 7^ KaXcp. Kal jovto 
 fiev OVK dyvoQ>, 07C 7av7a diT0<^eiyfia7a ovk dii^Xoya- 
 Uelvo Be Kplvco 70v dvBpo<; dyaa70V, to toO eavd70v irape- 
 CTTT^^OTO? p.ri7e 70 cPpdmfMov /XT^Te to TracyuL^Be^ dTToXcTreLi^ 
 
 €K Trj? '^vx^'i- , ^ , 
 
 IV. Svpapevv'^ /^ei; Bh oi^TO)? direeavev ol Be 7pia- 
 K0V7a. w^ Kov vBv civ7ol, 7vpavvelv aSe^?, ir^poelirov p^ev 
 Toh efo) Tou Ka7aX6yov fiv elo-tevat e? to da7V, ^yov Be 
 U 7^v X^p/o)^, "iva av7ol Kal ol ^iXoi 7ok 70V7(ov dypov^ 
 ^XOLev. <i>evyov7cov Bl 69 toi. Ueipaid, Ka\ ev7edeev ttoX- 
 Xov, dyov7e,, eve7rXv<jap Kal Ta Meyapa Kal Ta9 Orj^a, 
 
 TCOV V7rovwpovv7(iiv. , 
 
 2. '£« Se TOVTOV 0pa,Tvi3ov\o<;, opm^eh €« Bv^^v w<! 
 
 ol Si rpia^ovra e/So-i^ou./ 6-c ToO ^<7Teo? <7hv re tok rpia- 
 Xa^« Kal cvv ToU mirei^i. Kal /^aV eint^epLat over,,?. 
 
76 Fall and Restoration of Athens, [Xen. 
 
 eirii h\ a(f)ifcovTO, ev6v<i fi€u Opacrvvo/juevoi tiv€<; twv vewv 
 irpoae^dkov irpo'i to ywpiov^ kul enrolrjaap fitv ovSev, Tpav 
 fiara Se Xa/Sui^re^ aTrr}X6ov. ] 3. ^ouXo/xevcou Be rcov rpcd- ^ 
 Kovra airoTt'LYL^eiv, o7rco<; efC7roX.Lopici]aet,av avrov^ airoKXei- 
 aavTE^ avTOL<; ra? e(poSov<; tcov eimrjheLcoi^, eTrtyLyveraL Trj<i 
 vvKTO<; %/'Ct)i^ 7ra/jL7r\r)drj<i kcll rf) vcrrepata • ot Se vc<popL€voL 
 aTrrjXdou et? to aarv, jMaXa av^vov<i tcop aK6UO(f)op(av viro 
 TCOV €K ^vXrjf; airo^aXovTe'^. 4. yiyvwGKOVTe^^ Se on kol 
 €K TCOV aypcov XeyXaTrjaoieVy et fjurj rt? (f)vXaK7] eaocTO, hia- 
 TrefjLTTovaiv et? Ta<i tcr^aria?, oaov irevTeKaiSeKa aTahia utto 
 ^uX7]<^, Tou? re AaKcoviKOv^ 7rX7]v oXtycov c^povpov^^ kul 
 TCOV LTTTrecov Bug <pvXd^. ovtol Be aTpaTOTreBeucra/juevoi, ev 
 '^copicp Xaaccp^ ecpvXaTTOv. 
 
 5. *0 8e ©paavl3ovXo<;, ^jBrj avvecXeyfievcov €? ttjv ^vX7)v 
 'jrepl e7TTaKoaLov<;, Xa/Scov avTuv<i, KaTa/SaLvec ttj^ vvkto^ • 
 dejxevo^i Be tu oTrXa caov Tpia rj TeTTapa aTuBia airo tcov 
 ^povpcov^ rjuv^iav el')(€v. 6. eirei Be tt^o? rjixepav eyiyveTo, 
 kclI rjBr} avlaTavTO, ottol eBeuTo e/caaTO';, cltto tcov ottXcov, 
 Kao oi nTrroKOfjbOi 'Yr]'^ovT€<i tov^ i7r7rov<; 'yjrocpov eiroLovv, ev 
 TouTcp avaXajBovTe^ ol irepi ©paav^ovXov ra orrXa^ Bpojiw 
 TrpoaeTTLTTTOV ' Kai eoTU jxev ou? avrcov KaTepaXov, ttuvtcl^ 
 06 TpeylrufMevot eoico^av e^ rj eiTTu aTaoia • kul aireicTeivav 
 TCOV fiev oitXltcov irXeov tj eLKoai kul eKUTov, tcov Be iiTTrecov 
 NiKoarpaTov re tov KaXov eTrifcaXovpievov, Kai aXXovi Be 
 Bvo, eTL KaTaXa^ovT€<; ev rat? evvaa, -^ 7, enrava'^coprj- 
 cravTe<; Be kiu TpoTracov aT7)aafjLevoL, crvcTKevacrajJuevoL oirXa 
 Te oaa eXa/Sov kul cTKevr}, aTrr)X6ov eiri ^uXrj'^. ot Be e^ 
 acjTeo<i Lirire'l'^ ^or]0ij(7avT€<; tcov fxev iroXepacov ovBeva €tc 
 elBov ' TrpocrfieivavTe^; Be eco? tou? veKpov^ dveiXovTO ol 
 irpoarjicovTe'i^ ave^^coprjaav e? to ucttv, 
 
 8. Ek Be TovTov ob TpuiKovTa, 0VK6TL vofiL^ovTGf; dcTcpaXr] 
 
Hell. 2, iv.] Thrasijhulus at Piraciis. 77 
 
 aj)[<jL TCL -Trpayfiara, €^ou\^6r]aav 'EXevalva e^L^it^aaaOai, 
 ^are elvau acf^iai KaTa(f)vyr]V, el Sei^aete. kuI irapayyeL- 
 I -Kavre^ toU 'L-mrevaiv, v,\6ov el? 'EXevolva Kpirla^ re kqI 
 ol aXXoL T^v rpLwcoi'^a • e^eraalu re 7rot^aavTe<: ev Toh 
 lirirevcTL, (^uaKOvre^ elhevav (^ovXeaOai iroaot ehu kul -rruar]^ 
 <^iAa/c^? 7rpo<Th£t]<TOiVTO, efceXevov a7roypa(j)eadai TraWa? • 
 Tov 8e d-Troypafd/jLeuov del hd t?"}? ttvXlBo^ em t/> OdXar- 
 Tav h^ieuai. eirl 3e tw alyia\a> rov^ fiev liTTrea^ evOev kuI 
 ^vOev KareaTTjaav, rlu 8' e^tdura de\ ol {jTrrjperaiJvvehovu. 
 67ret Bh TraWe? ^vveiXTj/jifxepoL yaau, Avalfiaxov rhv '[-nirap- 
 ^ov eKeXevaav dvayaydvra irapahovvai avrov^ roh evheKa. 
 9. Tr) 8' varepala eU to " ftihelov irapefcdXeaav rou? eu 
 T« KardXdycp ^ttX/t^? Ka\ rou? dXXov^ lirirea^. ^ dvaaja^ 
 hi KpirU ke^€V' 'HfieU, ecj^v, ^ ^^V^^?^ ou^ei^ ,yrov vf^lu 
 KaraaKevdl^ofiev ir^v -KoXi-reiav rj ripTiv avrol^. ^ Sel ovu VfxBs, 
 wairep Kal rt/xwi; fMeOe^ere, ovrco koI twv klMvcov fMerex^iv. 
 Twu ovv ^vveCXeyixevCiiv 'EXevaivtcov KaTaf7](j)iaTeov earcv, 
 tua ravrd vfilv koI Oapp^re Kal cf)o(3fia6e. Je/fa? 8e t: 
 Xcoplov, eU TouTO eiceXevae ^avepdv (pepeiv t^v ^-^^ov. 
 10. ol he AaKcovtfCol (j^povpol ev tw i^filaet rod ' fliheiov 
 T^coTrXiCTfievoi i^aav • riv h\ radra dpeard Kal t^v itoXlt^v 
 oaoL^ TO TrXeove/crelv pLOvov €/j,eXev. 
 
 'Ek he Todrov \al3wv 6 Qpaav^ovXo^ tou? dirl ^uX^?, 
 irepl xtX/ou<? ^hr, fi^vetXey/xeVou?, d^LKvelrat t^? vvkto^^ e? 
 Tov neipaid. ol he rpcdKovra, eirel rjaOovTO ravra, evOh^ 
 ei3oT]dovv ovv T€ 7oh AaKCOViKol^;, Kal adu roh iTrirevcTO 
 Kau roL^ dirXlrai^' eTreira ex^povv Kard r^v eh rov 
 neipaid dpLa^iJOV dva(f>tpov<Tav. 11. ol 8e aVo ^vX^l^^ 
 en p.ev eirex^LpWO'V pn] dvuevai adrov^ • eirei he p-eya^ o 
 Kd<Xo^ oyv 7roX\^<; (j^vXaK^^ IhdKet helaOac, oviray 7roXXoL<i^ 
 ovaL, avueaTreipadyaav eVt inv Mouvux^av. ol he U rov 
 
 
78 Fall and Restoration of Athens. [Xen. 
 
 aareo^ et? Tr)V ' iTTTToha/jietov ayopav eX^oi^re?, irpcoTOV fieu 
 ^vvera^avTO, ware ejJurXrjaat Trjv ohov rj (bepet Trpo? re to 
 hpou ttJ? M.ovvv^ia<; ' ApTe/jLLSo<; Kai to Revhiheiov ' koI 
 eyevovro j3ddo<; ovk eXarrov rj eirc 7r6VT7]K0VTa aairuhoiv. 
 ovT(i3 he avvreray/jievoc i'^oypouv avco. 12. ol he airo ^v- 
 X17? avTaveirXrjcrav fxev ttjv oSov^ ^a6o<; he ov ifkeov r) et? 
 heKa oirXlra^ eyevovro. erw^Orjaap fievroi, eir avrol^ 
 ireXro^opoi re Kai yjnXoi, a/covrLarac^ ein he TovTOi<; ol 
 irerpo^oXoi. ovtoi. jievTOL av^^voi, r^aav • Kat yap avroOeu 
 nrpoaeyivovTO. ev (h he Trpocrrjeaau ol evavTLOL, ©paau' 
 ^ovXo^ Tov<; fier avrov OeaOaL KeXevaa<i ra<; acrTTLhaf;, 
 KOL auTo? Oefxevo^i, ra 8' aXXa birXa e'^cov, Kara fieaov 
 crra?, eXe^ev • 
 
 13. ' Avhpe<^ iToXlraL^ tov^ fiev htha^aL, tov<; he avajivrj- 
 craL vfJLwv jSovXofiaL^ otl eiaL rcov Trpoatovrcov ol fiev to 
 he^Lov eyovTe<^, ov'^ vfiel*; 'i^fxepav TrefjLTrrrjv rpe^^rafievoL ehLco' 
 ^are • ol 8' eirl tov evwvujjbov €a')(^aT0L, ovtol hr) ol rpia- 
 Kovra, OL r)/LLa<; Kai TroXeo)? arreaTepovv ovhev ahLKovvTa<;y 
 KaL OLKLOiv e^i]Xavvov, KaL Tov<i ^LXraTOv; tcov tjfieTepcov 
 aTrecrrjfjLaLvovTo. aXXa vuv tol Trapayeyevr/VTaL, ov ovtoi 
 fiev ovTTOTe wovro, rj/bLel^; he aeL ev^o/xeda. 14. e^oi/re? 
 yap oirXa fiev evavrtoL avT0L<; KadeaTafxev ' ol he OeoL — otl 
 irore Kai heiTTVovvTe^; ^vveXa/jL^avo/neOa KaL KaOevhovre^ KaL 
 ayopa^ovTe^^ ol he KaL ov^ ottg)? ahLKOvvTe<;, aXX ovh CTrt- 
 hr)fjLovvTe<i ecpvyahevo/jieda — vvv <pavepa)<; tj/jllv avfifia' 
 '^ovcTL. KaL yap ev evhia yetfjbwva ttolovctlv^ OTav 'tjp.lv 
 avjKpepri • kul orav ey^^etpw/xei/, ttoXXcov ovtq)v tvavTLcov, 
 oXLyoL<^ ovcTL TpoTraia LaraadaL hihoaaL. 15. KaL vvv he 
 KeKOjJLLKaaiv rjfia^ et? ywpLov^ ev (o ovtol fxev ovre ^aXXeLV 
 ovre aKovTLQeiv virep tcov TrpoTeTayixevcov^ OLa to Trpo<^ 
 opdLov L€vaL, huvaLVT av ' r][xel<i he, es to KaTavTe<; Kac 
 
^ 
 
 Iell. 2, IV.] The Fight at Munychia. 79 
 
 ^opara aqaevre^i Kat ntcovna Kat Trerpoi;?, e^c^o/xeda re 
 %VTO)V, Kat 7roWov<i KaTarpaxTOfieu. 16. kui wero /lev av 
 TL<; Ber]aeLV toZ? je TrpcoroaraTaL^i e/c rov laov /xa^eaOai, • 
 vvu Be, av vfieL^, oyairep 7rpoar]KeL, 7rpodu/jLO)<; acfiujTe ni I3e\ri, 
 dfiapTrjaeTai /juev ov8et? o)v ye /xeaTTj ?; oSo^^ (^vXaTTOfievot 
 Be BpairerevaovaLV aec viro TaL<i aamaLV • wcrre e^earac 
 Oicnrep rv(j)Xov<i Kat tvttt€CV, ottov av ^ovXco/jueda^ fcai evaX- 
 "Kofjuevov^ avarpeireiv. 17. AXX , w avBpe^;^ ovrw '^prj 
 iroieiv^ OTTO)? hicaaro'^ rt? eavro) orvveLcrerat tt}? vlkti^ ultlco- 
 Taro? cov. avTrj yap ijpblv, av 6eo<; OeXr)^ vvv (iiroBoiaeL 
 Kat Trarpioa Kat olkov^ Kat eXevuepiav Kat Tt/Jta<; Kat 
 TratSa?, ot? etcrt^ Kat jvvatKa^, cj fMUKuptot Brjra^ 6t av 
 Tjfjtcov vtK7]cravre<; eTnBcocn ttjv iraawv t]Bto'T7]v rifiepav • ev- 
 oat/jbcov o€ Kat av rt? airouavrj • fjivrj^eiou yap ovo€t<^ ovtco 
 TrA-oycrto? (ov KaXov reu^erat. E^ap^co fiev ovv eyco, rjvtK 
 av Katpo<; jj, iratava • brav Be rov EvuaXiov TrapaKoXeaco- 
 fieVy Tore Traz/re? Ofiodv/JtaBov, avd oiv v/Sptadrj/JLev, rt/jtcopoj' 
 fieda Tov<; avBpa<^. 
 
 1§. TavTa B etTTCDV, Kat /jt6raaTpa(j)6i<^ Trpo? rov^i evav- 
 Ttov<i, rjcrv^^^tav el^e • Kat yap o /JLavrt^; irapriyyetXev avTol<; 
 fjLT) irporepov eirtrtOeaOat, irptv twv ac^erepcov r) Trecrot Tt<i vj 
 TpwOetrj ' EiretBav (Jtevrot rovro yevrjTat, ijyrjao/ie^ fxev, 
 €(f)r], r]/jte2<;' vtKT] Be r]/JLtv eaiat eirofjievq, e/iot ptevrot 6avnT0<;, 
 G>9 y epLot ooKet. JL9, Kat ovk e^jreuaaTo, aXX ewet aveXa- 
 ^ov ra OTrXa, avTO<^ Z^^^? oyairep viro fiotpa^ Ttvo<i ayo/^evo?, 
 €K7r7)Bricra<; irpwro'^^ e/jtireacov rot? iroXep.tot'^ airoOvriaKet • 
 Kat reOaTTTat ev rrj Bta^daet rov K7](f>taov * ot B aXXot 
 evtKcov Kat KareBtco^av fJte'^pt rov opaXov. aireQavov o 
 evravOa raw p.ev rptufcovra KptTta<; re Kat lTrirop.ay^o^ * 
 Twy B ev rietpaiet BeKa ap^ovrcov^ X.apptBii<i o TXavKwvo'^'' 
 TCt)v B aXXcjv irepl e/SBofi/jKovra. Kat ra ptev birXa eXa^ov, 
 
80 Fall and Restoration of Athens. [Xen. 
 
 rov<; Se yirodva^ ovSevo^ rwv iroXtrcov eaKvXevactv. CTrei 
 8e TovTo eyevero fcal tol'9 veicpovi vTroaTrovBov^ aTreS/So- 
 aav, irpoaiovre^ aXK7]\oL<^ ttoWoi SieXeyovTo, 
 
 20. KXeo/cpiTOf; 8e, o twv /juvarcov Krjpv^^ p,aX ev(f)(Dvof: 
 wv, KaraaicoTTT^adfjievo^ eXe^ev • Ap8pe<; iroXlrai^ re rjfiaf; 
 e^eXavvere ; ri diroKrelvai (SovXeaOe ; 7]fjL6l<; yap vpa<i 
 Kaicov ovhev ircoTrore €7roL7]aafjbev.^ /jL€T6(j')(rjKa/jL€v he vfilv kul 
 lepcop Tcou aefxvoTaTWV, Kai dvaiwv Kai eoprcav rcov KaXXi' 
 (TTcov, Kcu ^vy')(opevTaL Kai ^v/jL(f)0LT7]Tat yeyei'ij/jLeOa Kat 
 ^varpaTLOiTaL^ kul ttoXXu /jleO vjjbwv KeKivhvvevKapiev Kara 
 yrjv Kai Kara OaXarrap virep T179 KOivrj<^ afi(f)OTepcov rj/jbcov 
 acoT7]pLa^ T6 Kat eXeudepia^. (21, tt^o? Oecov m-arpuxop Kai 
 fi7]Tpa)cov, Kac ^vyyeveua^, Kat Krjhe(T7La<^^ Kat eraLpia^; (^ttclv- 
 Tcop yap TOVTCJP ttoXXol KOivcdVOVjJLev aXXrjXoc<^\ athovfievoi, 
 Kat 6eov<; kai avOpwirov^^ iravaaaOe d/iiapTavovT€<; e? rrjv 
 irarpcSa, Kai fxr] TretOeaOe to?? avoaicoTarot^; rpiaKOvra, 01 
 Ihiwv Kephewv hveKa oXiyov Selv 7rX6L0v<; aireKJovacnv AOrj- 
 vaccov 6V OKTCO pLTjacv, Tj iravre'^ UeXoirovvTqaioi SeKa errj 
 TToXe/jiovvTe^i. 22. e^ov B tj/mv ev €LpT]V7) 'TroXireveaOaCy 
 ovTOi Tov iravTcov aiay^baTOV re Kat yaXeirwrarov Kat uvo- 
 aiwraTOu Kai e'^OtaTOv Kat OeoL<s Kau av0pco7roi<; TroXe/uLop 
 rjpuv Trpo? aXXriXov^ irapeyovai.v. aXX ev ye /levTOL ctti- 
 (TTaarOe^ on Kai rcov vvv vcf) rjfifov airoOavovrwv ov jxovov 
 v/JLeu^, aXXa Kat rz/Ltet? eartv ov? TroXXa Karehafcpvcrafiep. 
 
 O fiev ToiavTa eXeyev. ol Se Xolttoi ap'^ovre^i, kol Bta 
 TO TOtavra TrpoaaKoueip, tov<^ pieO eavrcov uirriyayov €69 to 
 acTTV. 23. T^ S varepata ol fjuev rptaKOvra ttupv Si] 
 raTreivoL Kac eprfp^ot ^vveKadrjvro ev to) ^vveBpico ' rcov Be 
 TpLcr')(^iXi,cov birov eKaaroi rerayfjievoi rjaav, iravra'^ov Bte(j:>e' 
 povTo Trpo? aXX7]Xov<i. baoi puev yap eTreiroiriKeaav re 
 ^Laiorepov Kai e(f)o^ovvTo, evrdvco^ eXeyov to? ov yprj KaOv" 
 
Hell. 2, iv.] An Avmisuce. 81 
 
 'lihUaOac ToU Iv neipcnel' oaoi 8e lirio-revov ^i)l\v ^Slict]' 
 LeWfc, avTol re dveXor^lKovTO Kal roi? aWov^ khihaaKOV, 
 \^^ ovKev heoLVTO Tovroiv rwv KaK^v, koI roh TpiuKOvra 
 \ovfC €(j)aaav XP^"""^^ TreieeadaL, ouS' eVtrpeVeti/^ uTroXX^vaL 
 Tr> TToXti/. Kal TO reXevralov ifv(plcravTO keivov^ fieu 
 ^KaranravaaL, aXXov^ Se e^eV^ax • Kal elXovro BeKa, eva 
 
 24. Kal ol iJLev rpiaKOvra 'EXeualvdBe dTrrjXdov • oi be 
 hexa rwv Iv aarei, Kal fidXa rerapayf^evoyu Kal diridTovv 
 T(DV dXX-^Xoi^, (Tvu T069 lirTTcipxot^ iiTefxeXouTO. e^€Kcldev- 
 Eov Be Kal ol iTTTreZ? ev tco 'fliBelfp, ro6^ re 'lttttovj Kal t^9 
 acTTTiSa^i exovre^, Kal Bl dincTTiav kcj^cLBevou to jilu dcf 
 eairepa^ avv raZ? dairLat Kard Td TeixV- ^o Be irjm opOpou 
 avv Toh oTTTroL^, del <po(3o6fMevoL m IrreiaTreaoLev Tive^ 
 avToU T^v eK Tov Ueipatm. 25. Ol Bl ttoXXoI tb r,h^ 
 ^yre? Kal iravToBairol, 07r\a lirotoduTO, ol fiev ^vXiva, ol Be 
 olaviva, Kal raura eXevKOvvTO. Trplv Be i]p,epa^ BeKa yeve- 
 adat, TTLO-Td 8oVt€9 oiTLve^ ^v/iTroXefMvo-eiav, Kal el ^evot elev,^ 
 laoTeXeiav eaeaOai, e^yeaav iroXXol fiev ^vrXtrat, TroXXot 
 Be yvfMuf}Te<; { eylvovio Be aLrol^ Kal lirireh wael eiBBofnf]'^ 
 KovTa), irpovofjid^ Be iroiov^evoL, Kal XafifSdvovTe^ ^uXa Kal 
 oiT^pav, eKadevBov iraXiv ev necpatel 26. twv 8' eK tov 
 ddTeo^ dXXo<; fihv ovBeh avv ottXok; e^r)ei, ol Be liTTrel^^ 
 eaTLv oTe Kal XycrTd^ ^x^ipovvTO twv Ik tov Tleipatih^, Ka,t 
 rijv (fidXajya avTwv 'eKaKovpyovv. TrepteTvxov 5e Kal t^v 
 Al^cDvewv Ttalv, eh rou? avT^v dypov^ l-rrl tu liriT^Beia 
 iropevofievoL^ • Kal rourou? Aval/j^axo^i o Utt a pxo^ dire- 
 o^a^e, iToXXd \iTavevovTa^, Kal ttoW^v x«Xe7rw? c^epovToyv 
 liTTTewv. 27. dvTaireKTeivov Be Kal ol ev Ueipatel twv Itt- 
 irecov hir dypov Xa/3oWe9 KaXX[aTpaTov, <^u\^9 yleoi^r/So?- 
 Kal ydp ^Bt] fieya IcPpovovv, wcrre Kal Trpo? to re^xo? roO 
 
82 Fall and Restoration of Athens. [Xen. 
 
 aaTeo<; Trpoae/SaWov. El Be Kat tovto Bel eiirelv rov /nrj^ 
 yavoTTOLou rov ev tw aareL, 09, evret eyvco on Kara lov €tf ; 
 AvKeiov Bpo/xov fieWotev ra? firi-)(ava<; Trpoaayecv, ra ^€v<yr) 1 
 CKeXeuae iravra dfjua^taiovi XtOov^ ayeiv, kul KarajSaWeiv 
 07T0V €Kaaro(; ^ouXotro rov Bpofiov. &;? Se tovto e'Vct^ero, 
 TToWa et? €KaaTo<i tcov XlOcdv irpayfiaTa irapel've. 
 
 28. IlefjLTroPTCov Be Trpecr/Set? e? AaxeBaipLova, tcov fiev 
 TpiaKovTa e^ EXevalvof;^ tcov S ev KaToXoyw t^ aaTeo<^, 
 KUL ^OTjOeuv KeXevovTcov, co? a(^e<JTriK0T0^ tov Sifiov airo 
 AafcehaifJiovLcov^ AvaavBpo^, XoyLaap^evo^ otl olov re etij 
 Tw^u efCTToXiopicrjaai tov^ ev tco UeLpatel KaTa re yrjv koI 
 KaTu 6aXaTTav, eb twv eTnTrjSeccov aTroKXeoaOeirjaav, ^vve- 
 Trpa^ev exaTov re TuXavTa avTol<=; BaveLG6i]jJat, Kac avTov 
 fxev KaTa yrjv apfioaTqv, Ac/Svv Se tov a8eX(pov vavap'^ovv- 
 Ta eK7re/jL<p6rjvaL. 29. kul e^eX6cov ai^ro? /xev EXevalvaSe, 
 ^uveXeyeTo oirXiTa^ ttoXXov<^ TIeXoiTovv7)cnov<; • he vavap- 
 '^o<; KaTa OaXaTTav tcfivXaTTev, otto)? fir/Btv etaTrXeoi avTo2<; 
 TCOV eirtTrjSetcop' woTe Ta-^v TraXiv ev arropta rjaav ol ev 
 Ueipaiel^ at 8 ev tw aaTet iraXtv av pueya ecppovovv ein tco 
 AvaavBpo). ovtco Be TrpoywpovvTwv^ IIavaavia<; jSaai- 
 Xev^, (^6ovricra<^ AucrupSprp, ei KaTeipyaafxevo^ TavTa a/ia 
 jjuev evSoKifirio'oi^ cifia Be tS^a? TroniaoLTO Ta<; A6rjva<;, irei- 
 cra<; tcov Ecj>opcov r^et?, e^ayec cj^povpav. 30. (TvveiTTOVTO 
 Be Kat OL av/jL/iMa'^oL iravTe*; ttXtjv Bolcotcov KaL KopLvdicov. 
 ovTOL o eXeyov fiev^ otl ov vofiL^oLev evopneLv av cTTpa- 
 revo/iievoL eir AOrjvaLov^^ fxrjBev nrapaaTTOvBov iroLovvTa^' 
 eirpaTTov Be TavTa^ otl eyiyvcoaKov AaKeBaL/jbOVLOv; fiov- 
 Xofievovf; ti]v tcov AOijvalcov '^copav oLKelav Koi TTLCTTrjV 
 TroLTjaacrOaL. o Be IIavaavLa<; eaTpaTOTreBeucroTO fxev ev 
 TO) AXiireBcp KaXovfievcp Trpo'^ tm TleLpaLel, Be^cov c'^oiv 
 Kepaf;, AvaavBpo<; Be aw T0L<i fiLaOo^opoL^ to evcovvp,ov. 
 
Hell. 2, iv.] Fighting Renewed. 83 
 
 31. IJefMircov St 7rpea^eL<^ o Uavaavia^ 7rpo<? toi«; €V 
 IJetpacel, e/ceXevev aTn.euac eiTL ra eavTwv • evret S ov/c eirei' 
 6ovro^ irpoae^aXkev oaov airo /3oi]i; ti^e/cep^ ottco? /xtj hi}\o<; 
 eirj €V/J,€VT]<; avrol^ cop. eirei, h ovhev airo T179 7rpoa/3uXij^ 
 irpa^a^ aTrrjXde, ry varepaca., XajScov Twif fiev AaKeSai/xo- 
 viwv hvo fiopa^, rcxw he AOr^vatwu LTTireoiv rpet? (/jfXd?, 
 TraprjXdev em tov Kcocpou Xiixeva, aKoiru>v irrj eyaTrore/^^t- 
 (no's elr) 6 TleLpaiev^. 32. eiret Be ainovro^ avrov Trpoae- 
 6eov Tti^e?, Kac Trpay/nara avrcp irapeL-^ou^ a^^deaOet^; irap- 
 riyyetXe tou? /xeu tTrvrea? eXavveiv et? avrov^ evevTa<;, kuc 
 TOf? ra SeKa a(f) r//?/;? avi^eTreaOat ' crvv he rot? aXXoi<; 
 avTO<; e7rrjKoXovu€L. fcat, aireKTeivav jnev eyyv^ TpiaKovra 
 Tcou y^iXcDVy TOv<s h aXXov^ Karehico^av irpo^ to ev Ueipaiel 
 Oearpov. 33. e/cet he erv^^ov e^oirXc^ofjievob 01 re ireXra- 
 CTTat 7ravre<;, /cat oc oirXlrai rcov e/c TIeLpaiw<^. Kai oi p^ev 
 "^lXol evdu<i e/chpa/jLovre'i '^/coutl^ou., e^aXXov, ero^evov, 
 eacpeuhovwv • ol Be AaKehat/jLovLOL, eirei aurcov ttoXXol ert- 
 ipcocTKOvTo, puaXa 7rLe^op,evoL ave^coprjaav eiru iroha • ol h 
 ev TovTw TToXu pLaXXov eTre/cetvro. evravda Be aTTodfrja/cei 
 KatpcDi' re Kat QclSpa'^o^^ ap.<pa) TroXepjap-^o), kul AaKpaTr}<; 
 oXvp.TTLOviKri<^, KUL aXXoi OL reOap^puevot, AatceBaLpLovLWU 
 Trpo rwv TTvXwv ev KepapueLKOj. 34. opcov Be ravra 
 SpaGv^ovXo<^ KaL ol aXXoL oirXurat el3o7]6ovv^ KaL Ta-)(y 
 irapera^avTO irpo rwv dXXcov eir oktco. O Be TlavaavLa<^^ 
 fiaXa 7rtecr^6^9, Kai ava'^coprjaaf; oaov (rraBta rerrapa rj 
 irevre 7rpo<; Xo(f)ov nva, TraprjjyeiXe roL<; AaKeBaLpLOVLOi^; 
 Kai Tot? aXXoL<i ^vpLpia^oL<s em-^wpeLV 7rpo<; eavrov. eKei 
 he (7VVT a^apL€vo<; ^aOelav iravreXw^; rrjv (f)a\ajya^ rjyev ein 
 T0U9 A6r]vaLov<i. ol B et? yelpa<^ puev eBe^avro^ eireira Be 
 Oi puev e^ewaOrjcrav et? tov ev rat? AXaL<^ injXov, oi Be eve- 
 KXivav^ Kai aTTo6vr]aKovaiv avTwv co? TrevrrjKovTa kul eKUTov, 
 
84 Fall and Restoration of Athens. [Xen. 
 
 |35. O he TIavaavta<^ rpoiraiov <TTr}aa(ievo<^ dve'^cjpi^ae • 
 Kcu ouS ft)? o)p<yi^€To auTOt?, dWa \aOpa 7re/ji7rwv eScSacTKe^ 
 Tov<; ev Ueipaiel ota ')(^pr] Xeyoi^ra? TrpecrySet? irefJureLv irpo^ 
 eavTOv Kol tov<; Trapovra^ 'Ecpopov^. ol B eTreiOovro. 
 Sttarr] Be Kat Tov<i ev T(p acrrec, Kau eKeXeve irpo'^ a(f)a<i 
 nrpoGLevai ft)? TrXecarou^ avWeyo/nevovi;^ Xeyovra'^ on 
 ovBev Beovrat rot? ev tco TLeipaieL irokefxeiv^ aWa Bia^ 
 XvOevT€<; KOLvrj aficporepot AaKeBaLfjLoviOL<; cf)t\oL eivau. 
 36. riBew<^ ravra kol NavKkeuBa^; E(f)opo<; cov auvijKovev • 
 (oaTrep yap vo/jLL^erat aw ^aaCKei Bvo rcov E(f>opcov crvarpa- 
 reveadai^ kol Tore iraprjv outo<; t€ Kau aXXo?, a/jL(poTepot 
 TTj^ fiera HavaavLOu yv(t)/jbr)<; ovre^;, fxaWov rj t?}? /jiera 
 AvaavBpou. Bt.a ravra ovv Kau e? tt^v AaKeBac/iiova rrpo- 
 Ou/jico<; eirefMirov rovq r e/c IleipaLW^, e')(pvra<i ra<; tt^o? 
 AaKeoaLixovLOV^ <77rovoa<;, Kat rou<; airo rwv ev rco aarei 
 iBia)ra<;^ Kr](f)i(TO(f)(ovTa re kul MeXrjrov. 37. ETrei, fievroc 
 ovroi oiyovro e? AaKeBacpova, errefxTTGv Br] Kat oi airo rov 
 KOivov eK rov aareo^, Xeyovraf; ore avroi fxev TfapaBiBoaac 
 kclI rd retyr)^ a eyovcn^ Kau a(f)d<^ avrov^ AaKeBaLfiovLOL<^ 
 '^prjadat o ri /SovXovrat' a^iovv B e^aaav Kau rov<; ev net" 
 patei, el <^lXol (paalv elvai AaiceBaLfjiOViOL^^ rrapaBiBovat rov 
 re rietpaid kcll ri]v Movvvx^iav. 38. aKovaavre<; Be rravrcov 
 avrwv ol E(f)opot Kal ol e/CKXrjrot, e^e7re/ji-yjrav irevreKaiBeKa 
 avBpa<^ et<; ra? A6i]va<?^ kolL errera^av aw JJavaavia BiaX' 
 Xa^ai oTTTj Bwatvro KaXXtora. Ol Be BirjXXa^av, e(f> oyre 
 eLp7]V7)v fiev e')(eLv &)? tt^o? aWr/Xou?, amevai oe eirt ra 
 eavrcov eKaarov;, rrXr]v rwv rpid/covra, Kat r(ov evBeKa, kui 
 rwv ev r(o Tleipaiel ap^avrcov Be/ca • et Be rtve^i (f)o/3oovro 
 rcov e^ acrreo?, eBo^ev avro2<i rrjv ^ EXevalva KaroLKecv. 
 
 39. Tovrwv Be irepavOevrwv, IlavaavLas /nev BtrJKe ro 
 arparevpa • ol Bt e/c rov HeLpaL(x)<^^ dveXOovre^ aw roL^ 
 
Hell. 2, iv.] The Democracy Hcstored. 85 
 
 OTrXot? et? Trfv aKpoiroXcv, eOvcrav rr} 'Adrjva. eirec Se Kare- 
 ^rjaav ol aTparrjyoL, ev6a hi) o Opavaul3ov\o<i eXe^ev • 
 40. 'T/jLLV, e(f)r}, w tic rou uaT€o<; avBpe<;, avjij^ovXevo} e'yco 
 jvcDvai Vila's aurov^. fioKLara S' av jvoltjtc, et avaXoyt- 
 aatade, em tlvl vjjuv fjieya (ppovrjreov eanv, coare ?;/xajy 
 ap^etv eTTL-^eipelu. irorepov BcKaLOTepoc etrre ; aX.\' o /xey 
 5///Lto?, Trevearepo's vjxoiv cov, ovSep ttcottotc aveKa ')(^p7]/iaTcov 
 iz/xa? r)hLK7]a€v ' v/jlcI^ 8e, irXovaLcorepoi iravTWV ovTe^;^ 
 iroXXa Kav aia'^pa kve/ca Kephecov TreTTotrjKare. eirei Se 
 SiKaLoavi/7]<; ovBev vjjLlv 7rpo(Tr]K6t, crKeylraaOe ec apa e7r' 
 ai'Spela, vfilv fieya .(ppovrjreov. 41. nac tl<; av KaXXiwv 
 KpL(TL<i TovTOV yevoLTO, 7] &)? €7roX6fJLrj(Ta/Mev irpo^i aXXr^Xov^ ; 
 aXXa yvwfjii] (pacrjT av irpoe^eLV, du, e-^ovie^ Kav Tel)(^o<i kul 
 birXa Kav -^prjfMara Kat, ^VfJUfMa^ovi HeXoTrovv7)(TLOV<;^ vtto 
 Tcov ovBev TovTcov 6-^ovT(ov TTapeXvdrjTe ; aX\ Ittl Auke- 
 BatfjLovcoL<i By] oieaOe pueya (ppovrjreov eivai ; ttoj? ; ol ye, 
 coairep tou? BaKvovra^ Kwa^ KXoKp Briaavr6<; TrapaBcBoaaiv, 
 ovTO) KaKelvoi^viJia^i 7rapaBovTe<; ra> ■^BLK7]pLev(p tovtw Brj/irp, 
 OL-^ovTat aTTtovTe^; ; 42. ov jievTOi ye vfjLa<s, co avBp6<i, a^cco 
 eyco (t)V ofico/jLOKare irapa^rjvat ovBev^ aXXa kul tovto Trpo? 
 Tot9 aXXoL^ KaXoL'^ eiriBel^ai^ on Kaf, evopKOL fcao oglol ecrre. 
 Elttcov Be ravra Kat aXXa roiaura, Kat otl ovBev Beot' 
 TaparreaOat, aXXa rot? vopboi^ rol^ ap-^aioc^; '^prjadac, 
 aveorrrjae ttjv eKKXrjacav. 43. Kal rore fxev ap'^a^ Kara- 
 a-TTjaapievoL eTroXtrevovro * varepw Be '^(^povfp, aKouaavTe<i 
 ^evov<i paadovcjOaL rou? ev KXevalvi, arparevaa/jievoL irav 
 BTjfiel eTT avrov<;, tov<; fiev arpaTJiyov^ avTcov et? Xoyovi 
 eX6ovTa<i arrefcretvav, Tot? Be aXXoi'^ €i(T7repi'\lravTe<; rou<; 
 <f>iXov<; Kat, avayKai,ov<^, eTrecaav avvaXXayrjvaL • Kat, o/jlo' 
 aavTe<; opKov^, rj /jLtjv p,7] fivrjaiKaKrjcrecv, ere Kai vvv o^ov 
 Tc TToXcrevovTai, Kal rot? bpKOc<^ epi^pteveL o S?7/U,09. 
 
86 The Battle of Mantmea. [Xen, 
 
 III. THE BATTLE OF MANTINEA. 
 
 [Hellenica, VII.] ^ 
 
 JlTrapriarcov^ oirov jxev e/jueWov ev t€ laoTreSo) fiw^eLadat 
 KOi cuTTO Twv OLKtcov ^XTjOrjcreadai, ouk ecar^ei ravrr), ofS 
 OTTov ye /jLTjBei' irXeov /jLa'^^elaOac tcov oXtycov ttoWoi, ovT6<i' 
 evOa he TrXeoveKrelv av evofiL^e, tovto Xa^cov to -^coptov 
 fcare^uLve, koI ovk apt/Sacvev et? rrjv ttoXlv. 12. to ye 
 fjb7]v evrevdev yevofievov e^eari fiev to Oelov aiTiaaGai, 
 e^eaTL he Xeyeiv a)? toI'^ a7rovevor}fjLevoL<; ovhea av vTro- 
 cTTaLT]. enrei yap riyeiTO ^ Apyj,ZcipbO<^ ovhe eKaTov eywv 
 avSpa<^^ Kat hta^a<i oTrep ehoKei tl e'^etv KcoXv/jua, eiropeveTo 
 TTpo? opdtov eiTb Tou? avTLTTaXov^y evTavda hr) ol irvp 
 TTveovTe^, ol vevLKijKOTe^; tou? AaKehaLfjuovtov^;, oi Tcp iravTi 
 irXeove<; kcu irpoaeTi virephe^ua X'^pta e^j^oi^re?, ovk ehe^avTO 
 TOL'9 Trept Tov ' Ap'^iBafjLov, aXX eyKXivovac. 13. Kai oi 
 jjuev irpwTOL tcdv Eirafieivwvhov aiTo6v7]G kovct iv • eiret fiev- 
 Tot ayaXXofJuevoi tt) vIkt] ehcco^av ol evhoOev TroppcoTepco tov 
 Kaipov, ovtol av airodvi^aKOVcn ' TrepieyeypairTo yap^ «? 
 eoLKev, VTTo TOV Oelov p^e')(pL oaov tj vlkt) ehehoTO avTOL<;. 
 Koi 6 jxev hj) ^Ap^ihafio^i Tpoiraiov Te LcrTaTO evOa ewe/cpa- 
 T7](T€^ Koi Tov<^ evTavOa TreaovTa^ tcov iroXefMicov vTroairoV' 
 Sof? aTrehiBov. 
 
 tl4. *0 8' E7rafjbeLV(ovha<;^ Xoyi^o/iievo^ otl l3o7)6r](TOiev ol 
 ^ApKaBe<; et? tt^i^ AaKehatfiova, eKeLvoL^i fxev ovk e^ovXeTo 
 KaL TTctcTL AaKehaifiov L0L<; ofiov yevofx^voL^ fia')(ea6aL^ aXXco<i 
 Te KaL evTvyrjKocTL, tcov Be aTTOTeTV^rjKOTcov ' ttuXlv Be 
 TTopeu^et? ft)? eBvvaro ra^to-ra et? ttjv Teyeav^ TOf? fx(:V 
 OTrXixa? averravae^ tou? B tTTTrea? eTre/jbyjrev et? ttjv MavTL' 
 vecav, Be7]6eL<; avjcov TrpoaKapTeprjcTaL, KaL BLBaaKcov co? 
 
Hell. 7, V] The Atlieiiian Cavalry . 87 
 
 iravja fxev 6LK0<i e^fo elvai ra rwv Mavrivewv ^oaKij/jLara, 
 I TraWa? Be rou<; avOpdiirovi^ aWco? re Kau aurov avyKoixthrj^; 
 ova"r]<;. 15t Kac ol fxev (p-^ovro * ol h AdrjvaloL l7nT€c<i 
 6pfir]0evT€^ €^ E\6vcnvo<; eheiirvoiroiriaavjo fiev ev ladp^oy^ 
 hieXOovre^; he ra? KXe(Dva<; ervy^avov iTpoaiovTe<i et? rijv 
 MavTLvecav^ kol fcaraar paroTrehevaa/jLevoc 6vto<; rec^ov^ ev 
 ral<; oifctaL<;. eireu he SrjXoL rjcrav 7rpoaeXavvovTe<; ol iroXe- 
 fiLOL, eBeoPTO ol MauTLvel<i rcov Adrivaicov lirireaiv /3or)6rjaaty 
 et Tfc ovvaivTo • e^o) yap eivai Kau ra poaKrj/jiaTa izauTa kul 
 Tou? ep<yara<^^ ttoWov; Be kol iraiBa^ Kai yepanepov^ rcov 
 eXevdepcov aKovaavre^ Be raura ol AOrjvatoi e/c^oijOoucnVy 
 €TL ovre<i avapiaroL kul avroi Kai ol Lirirot. 10. evravOa 
 B>] TOUTCov av TTjv apeTi]V rt? ovk av ayaoOeLrj ; ol koI 
 TToXv irXeLOva'^ opcovT€<; tou? TroXefMLov^;, kul ev KopivOro 
 BvaTV)(i^fjiaTO<^ yeyevr^iievov rot? LirirevaLV^ ovBev rovrwv 
 eTreXoyccravTO, ovB' on. KaL QrjjSaLOL^ kul GerraXol^ rot? 
 KpaTL(noL<; iTTTrevaLV elvaL BoKovaiv efxeXXov /jLa-^eaOat, aXX 
 aLa-^vvofMevot, et irapovre'^ firjBev oxpeXrjcreLav tov<; av/x/id- 
 X^^^-, &>? elBov TaxiaTCL tov^ 7roXe/jLLOv<;^ auveppa^av, epcov' 
 Te? avacrooaaaOai rrjv irarpwav Bo^av. 17. KaL fxaxopL^voi 
 auTLOL fxev eyevovro ra e^co Travra awOrfvai tol<; Mavrtvev- 
 aiv. avTcov Be anreOavov avBpe<^ ayaOoL, kol aireKTeLvav Be 
 BrfXov OTL TOLovTov^ ' ouBev yap ovto) jSpa^y orrXov CKcire- 
 poL eL^ov (p ovK e^LKvovvro aXX7]Xcov. Kac tov<; /xev (PlXlov<; 
 veKpov^ ov 7rpor]KavTO, rwv Be TroXefiLcov r]V ob? vTroaTrov- 
 Bov^ aTreSoaav. 
 
 1§. 'OB av E7ra/iLeLvwvBa<;, — evOv/jLOv/jievof; otl oXiycov 
 fjLev rjfiepwv avayKi) ecroLTO airLevaL^ BLa ro e^ij/ceLv rr) arpa-- 
 reia rov ^poi'ov, 6t Be KaraXeL^^OL epri/xovi oh r]X6e aviifxa- 
 ^0?, eKeLVOL 7ro\Lop/C7jaoLVTO vtto rcov avTLiraXwv^ avro<; 06 
 TTj eavTov Bo^T] 'rravrairaaLV eaoLio XeXv/jLacr/jLevo^, rirrrj' 
 
88 The Battle of Mantinea. [Xen. 
 
 yu-ei^o? iiev ep Aa/ceoat/jLovc aw iroWcp oTrKiTiKO) vir oKljcov, 
 r]rTr]fi€vo<; 3e ev Mavrtveia LTTTTOfia^ta, aoTLO^; Se yeyepr}- 
 fjLei>o<;, Sia tj]v et? UeXoirovvriaov orparecav, rou avveard- 
 vat AaK€BaL/jL0VL0v<; Kai ApKaSa<; Kac A^aiov^ kol 'HXel' 
 Of? Kal AdrjvaLOv^i ' ware oufc eSoKec avro) hvvarov elvai 
 afia'^et irapeXdelv, XoyL^ofieua) brt, et fjuev vlkootj^ Tvavra 
 TavTa avaXvaoLTO • 6t Be airoOavoi^ KaXrjv ttjv TeX€VT7]V 
 rjyrjaaro eaeaOaL Treipcdfievw rrj TTaTptSc apx^^ UeXoirov- 
 vi]crov tcaTaXc7T€LV. 19. to puev ovv avrov roiavra Biapoel- 
 uOav ou TTavv jjlol hoicel dav/JiaaTOv elvai ' (jycXorc/jLcov yap 
 avhpwv ra TOLavra hiavorifjiaTa • to fxevToi to aTpuTevfia 
 irapecTKevaKevai (o<; irovov re firjoeua airoKaixveiv fMrjTe vv- 
 /CT09 iJir\Te 'i]/uL€pa<;, klvBvpov re /uLi^Sevo^ ai^iaTaaOai, airdvui 
 T6 Ta eTTLTiiBeca e^oz^Ta9 bfi(o<i TreiOeaOai eSeXeiv, TavTii 
 fioi BoKel OavfiacTTOTepa elvai. 20. Kat yap oTe to TeXev- 
 ralov irapriyyetXev avTol^s TrapaaKeva^eaOat &)? /zap^T/? eao' 
 fievT]^^ TrpoOvfzo)'^ /jtev eXevKOvvTO oi iTnrei^ tu Kpavr) KeXev- 
 ovTo<^ eKeivov, e7reypd(f)0VT0 Be Kai oi twv ApKaBcov orrXuTai 
 poTraXa, ax; Or]/3a2oL ovTe^;, Traz/re? Be ^kovcovto Kai Xoy)^a<i 
 Kai fMa^atpa'^, Kai eXafiirpwovTO Ta^ aa7rioa<i. 
 
 21. Eirel fjuevTOi ovto) 'TrapeaKevacr/mevovi e^7]yayev, 
 a^iov av KaTavorjcrai a eiroLTjae. TrpcoTOV [lev yap, (oairep 
 eiKo<s, (TvveTaTTeTO. tovto Be TrpaTTCOV, aacj^rjVL^eiv eBofcei 
 OTi et? /jba')(7)v irapecTKeva^eTO • eTrei ye firjv eTeTaKTO avTO) 
 TO aTpaTevfJia «? e/SovXeTO, ttjv fiev avvT0/uLC0TaT7)v 7rpo<; 
 Tou? 7roXefitov<i ovk rjye., 7rpo9 Be Ta 7rpo<; ecrrrepav oprj Kai 
 avTLTrepav tt}? Teyea<^ i^yeuTO • coaTe Bo^av irapelye toI<^ 
 iroXefXLOi'^ fMi] iT0ir](Tea6ai [la'^rfv eKeivrj tt} rjfjLepa. 22. Kai 
 yap Bj] CO? 7rpo<; Ta> opei eyeveTO, eirei e^eTadrj avTw rj 
 ipaXay^, vtto rot? vyjr7jXoi<^ eOeTO tcl oirXa, coaTe elfcdaOrf 
 (TTpaTOTreBeuo/jbeva), tovto Be Trotrjcra?, eXvae fxev tcov 
 
 n 
 
Hkll. 7, v.] Victory and Death of Epaminondas. 89 
 
 irXeLGTfov 7ro\6fii(ov rrjv ev TaL<; -y^rvyalfi irpo^ fia^ijif irapa- 
 GKevr]v^ eXvae Be rrjv ev rat^ avvTu^eaiv, eiret ye fiijv 
 IT a pay ay wv rovs em fC6pa)<; iropevofievou^ \u^nv^ et? fMercD- 
 TTOV^ La')(ypov eTrotTjaarv ro irept eavrou efipoXov^ Tore hi] 
 dvaXa/Selv TrapayyeiXa^; ra birXa iiyelro • ot B rjKoXovOovv. 
 01 he TToXe/XLOt «? eloov irapa Co^av eTTLovra^, ofSet? avroiv 
 I'javytav c'^ecu rjSuvaro^ aXX ol /juev eOeov et? Ta<; ra^ei^, ol 
 he TraperaTTOVTO^ ol he iirTrov^ e^aXcvouv^ a he 6(opaKa<^ 
 evehuovTO, 7ravTe<; he Treiao/xevoL^; tl fiaXXov rj Troniaovatv 
 ecoKeaav. 23. O he to arpaTev/xa avTLirpwpov oyairep 
 rpniprj irpoarjye^ vo/xc^cov, oTrrj e/x^aXcov hiaKc^eLe, hLa(f)Oe' 
 pecv oXov to t(jl>v evavTtwv aTpaTeu/xa • kul y(ip or] too /xev 
 if7'^vpoT(iT(p irapeaKevd^eTO aycovc^eadac^ to he aaOeveaTa- 
 Tov TToppco WTreaTTjaev, et3a)? otl ')]TTr]6ev uOvpLiav civ ira- 
 paa^oL Tol^ /ie6' eavTov, pco/jLTjv he rot? iroXeixiOi'^. kuo 
 firjv Tou? fTTTrea? ol /xev TroXe/jbLOL avT lit apeTa'^avTO ayairep 
 ottXltojv (paXayya ^u6o<i, ecbe^rj'^ KaL eprj/iov Tre^wv ci/xltt- 
 TTcov ' 24. h E7rapb€Lvci)vha<=; av KaL tov lttttckou €/j,3oXov 
 LO'^vpov e7roL7]aaTo, Kat apLLTTirov^ irei^ov<^ avveTa^ev aurots", 
 vojilKwv to lttttlkov eirel hia/coyjreLev, bXov to avTLTraXov 
 v€VLfC7]Kco<; eaeoOaL • pLuXa yap yaXeTvov evpelv tou? eOeXi]- 
 aovTa<^ fxeveLV^ eirebhav TLva<; (f)evyovTa<; TOiv eavTcov opcoaL • 
 KaL OTTO)? fxT] eTTL^orjdcoaLv ol ^ AOrjvaloL (itto tov evcovv/iou 
 KepaTO<s eiTL to e^ofxevov, KaTe(TT7]aev cttl yrjXo^wv tlvcov 
 evavTLOv^ avTOL<; KaL tTrvrea? KaL oTrX/ra?, (po/Sov f3ovXop.ei>o^ 
 KaL T0VT0L<^ irape'^ecv co?, et /SorjOrjaaLev, oirLaOev ovtol cttl- 
 K€LaoLVTO avTOL<;. T7]v fxev hr) avpL^oXriv ovtco^; enroLrjaaTO^ 
 KaL ovK e-^jrevaOr] tt}? cXtt/So? * KpaTriaa^ yap y Tvpoae^a- 
 \ev oXov eTTOLTjae (pevyeLV to tcov evavTLcov. 25. EireL ye 
 fxr}v €Kelvo<^ eTrecrev, ol XolttoI ovhe Tjj vlktj opOcD^ €tl ehvva- 
 oOrjaav ')(^pr]aa(7daL. dXXa (pvyovay'i /xev auToU t^v evav- 
 
90 Character of Socrates, [Xen. 
 
 rm? (f)d\ayjo<;^ ovheva direKTetvav ol oirXlrai, ovoe irporfk- 
 6ov €K Tov ')(wpLov €vda 7] av/J-ISoXr] eyevero • ^vyovTcov ^ 
 avTol^ KOi roiv tTTTrecou, direKreivav fxev ovB ol LTnrel^ Blo)- 
 Kovre^ 01)76 tTTTrea? ov6^ OTrA-Zra?, coairep Be i]TTWfjLevoi we^o- 
 ^rj/nevco^; Scci rCov (pevyovrcov 7ro\€fiio)v hteTTeaov. Kai jjuqv 
 ol a/jLLTTTrot Kal ol TreXraaral, avvvevLKr]KOT€<; T0t9 LTrirevaiv, 
 d(f)CKOVTo /.lev eTTL TOV evcoDVfiov, o)? KparovvTe<^^ e/cel B viro 
 T(t)v A67]vaiwv 01 TrXelaroi avrcov aTveOavov, 
 
 26. TovTcov Be irpa'^OevrcoVy Tovvavriov eyeyev7]T0 ov 
 €vofjLL<Tav Trai^re? avOpcoTroi eaeoOat. avv6Xr)Xv6vca<; yap 
 (Tj(€Bov d'7raar]<; Trjf; EXXaBo^;, Kat avriTeray/jLevajv^ ofSet? 
 r)V oaTL<i ovK (pero, et fi^XV ^crono, T0v<i jiev fcparrjaavTa^i 
 ap^eiv, TOf? Be KpaTr]6evTa<; v7rr]Koov(; eaeaOai * o Be Oeo<i 
 ovrco<; eirotijaev coare afxcporepoi fxev rpoTraiov to? vevLKTj- 
 K0Te<; earrjaavTO, tov<; Be Lara/jLevov<^ ovBerepoi ckcoXvov, 
 veKpov<; Be aficfyorepoL fxev co? vevL/cr/Kore^ viroaiTovBov'^ aire- 
 Boaav, a/j,(j)OTepoi Be &>? 7]TT7]/jLevoi vTroajrovBov^ aireXdiJL- 
 /3avov. 27. vei'LK7]K€pai Be <f)aaK0VTe<i eKcnepoi, ovre x^P^ 
 ovTe TToXei ovr upxV ovBerepot ovBev jrXeov e^ovTe^ ecfyavr]- 
 aav 1] TrpLv rrjv /jbux'rjv yeveaOai • aKpcaua Be fcai rapax?] 
 en irXeiwv /mera rrjv /jlux^v eyevero r) irpoaOev ev rfj ^EX- 
 XaBt. efio] fiev Br] fjiexpi' tovtov ypacpeaOco • rd Be fMerd 
 ravTU La(o<i dXXw /leXTqaei, 
 
 lY. CHARACTER OF SOCRATES. 
 
 [Memorabilia, I.] 
 
 le UoXXiiKLf; eOavfiaaa, tlctl ttotc Xdyoi<; A9rjvaLOV<; 
 €7reiaav ol ypa-^^apbevoi XwKparrjv^ w? d^co^ eirj Oavarov rrj 
 TToXeLo 1] fjuev yap ypa(pT] kut avTOv roiaBe rt? r)V ' — 
 
 \ 
 
Mem. 1, I.] His Piety. 91 
 
 AhiKel X CO K parrjf; ov<i fiev rj 7ro\t9 vofjLL^€i 
 Beov^ ov vo fjbi^div ^ krepa he Katva Bat/jiovca ela- 
 (^epwv ' ah i icel he kuc tou? v eov^ h La<pO e i pwv. 
 
 2. UpoiTov fJbev ovv, 0)9 ovk evo/jn^ev ob? ?/ ttoXc^ vofit^eL 
 ^eof?, TTotft) TTOT e')(^p7]aavT0 reK/jiTjpLw ; Ovcov re y(ip chare- 
 po^ rjv, TToWaKL^; fiev olkol^ TroXXa/ct? he eiru rwv kolvojv 
 T17? irokewi ^(o/jLcov, kul fiavTiKr] ^pwyu-eyo? ovic a(f)ai>r]<; y^v • 
 hteTeOpvXrjTO yup, co? (fyacrj ^coKparrj^i to haifiovcov eavTot 
 arj/iaiveiv • oOev hrj kuc fiaXtara [xot hoKOvaiv aviov avTui- 
 craaOai Katva hatfiovia €La(f)ep€LV. 3. he ovhev Kaivoie- 
 pov elaecpepe rcov aWcou^ oaou^ /xavrtKrjv vo/xi^ovre^;, olco- 
 vo2<; re '^pcovrai Kat (p7]ijLaL<; kul avfi/SoXoc; Kai OvataL^. 
 ovTOi re yap viroXafJu^avovaiv ov tou? opviOa^ ovhe rov^^ 
 aiTavTwvra<^ ethevai ra av/j-cpepovra rot? /JLavTevo/jLevotf;, 
 oKXa T0v<i oeov<i oca rovrcov avra (T7]fiacveiv, Ka/ceuvo^; ov 
 Tft)9 evojjiL^ev. 4. aX.X< ot fj^ev irXeloTOL (paatv viro re rcov 
 opviOwv Kai T(ov airavroiVTWV airoTpeireaOaL re nai rrporpe- 
 ireaOac * ^cofcparrj^; he wcrrrep eytyvwdKev ovro)<; eXeye • 
 TO haifioviov yap e<^rj arjjjiaLveLV. Kai 7roXXot<; rwv ^vvov- 
 rwv irporjyopeve ra fjuev rroielv, ra he fjbi] iroielv, co? rov 
 haifioviou TrpoarjjjLaivovro'^. Kai rol^ puev ireiOo/xevoi^; avrco 
 <Tvve(^epe^ rot? he /xrj rreiOopevoi^ /lerefieXe. »5, Kairov 
 ri<; OVK au OfioXoyr]aeiev avrov /SovXeaOai [jLr\r rjXiOiov 
 /xTjr aXa^ova (paiverrvai roi<; avvovcriv ; eooKei o av afi(po- 
 repa ravra, ei irpoayopevcov o)? utto Oeov (paivo/jueva elra 
 yjrevhofjbevof; e(f)aLvero. hrjXov ovv^ on ovk av rrpoeXeyev, ei 
 firj emarevev aXrjOevaeiv. ravra he ri? av aXXw Triarev- 
 aeiev r) dea> ; marevwv he Oeol^^ 'ttw'; ovk elvai Oeov:; 
 evo/jLi^ev ; 
 
 6. ^AXXa pLr]v errotet koI rahe Trpo^ rof? e7rirrjheiov<^. 
 ra fjiev yap avayKaca avye/SovXeve Kai Trparreiv, oj? evo- 
 
'I 
 
 92 Character of Socrates. [Xen. 
 
 fii^ev apiar av Trpa'^Or^vat ' irepu he twv aBrfKcov otto)? 
 aTTo^rjcroLro, iJbavr€Vcro[xevov<^ eireijurev ei TrotTjrea. 7. /cat, n^ 
 TOf? fjieWovTa<; olkov^ re Kat TroXei'^ Kokcof; oLKijaeip fxav- 
 TLKrj<; 6(^7] irpoahelaOai. tektovlkov jxev jap rj ')(a\icevTL- , 
 Kov 7] fyecapyLKOv rj avOpwrrwv ap')(^LKOV rj rwv roiovrcov 
 epycov e^eraaTLfcou rj Xoytcrrtfcoi^ rj olkovo/jllkov rj arparrj- 
 yLKOV fyeveaOaL^ nravra ra roiavra fiaOrj/xaTa Kai aiOpcvirov 
 yvwpLTj atperea evojjLt^ev euvai ' S. ra oe jxeyiGia rcov ev 
 Tovroi's ecfiij rof? 6eov<; eavTOL<; KaiaKebireaOai, wv ovStv 
 hijXov elvai to2<; avOpcoTToa. ovre yap tco Ka\(io<^ aypov 
 (buTeuaa/jieva) BrjXov oarL<^ KapircoaeraL • ovre Ta> KuXcof} 
 OLKtav oiKohofxrjaajJbevw BrjXov oart? OLKrjaec • ovre rw crTpa- 
 TTjytKO) BtjXov €l av/ji(j)€peL CTparrjyeiv ' ovre too ttoXltlkoj 
 hrjXov €L av/jL(f)ep€t t?7? TroXeco^ irpoarajeLV • ovre tco kqXtjv 
 yr][jLavTi^ tva ev^paivrjrai^ hrjXov et Bia ravrrjv avcaaerai • 
 ovre Tco BuvaTOv<; ev rfj iroXei, KrjheaTa<i Xa/Sovri, hrjXov ei 
 Bca TOVTov; areprjaerai r?}? iroXew^. 9. tov<s Be firjBev -• 
 T(i)v TOiovTwv owfjievov^ eivai oaifiovLOVy aKKa Travra tt^? 
 uv0p(O7rlv7}<; yvcofi')]^;, Sac/xopap €(f)7j • Bai/iovav Be nav Tovi 
 jxavTevojJbevov^ a tol^ avOpcoTroci eBcofcav oi Oeot jiaOovcn 
 BiaKpiveiv " olov, ei Tts eirepwrwrj Trorepov eirLarajxevov 
 rjvioy(elv eiTL ^6vyo<^ Xa/Selv Kpelrrov, tj fir) eTrtaTafjievov • rj 
 irorepov eirLarapbevov KV^epvav ein rrjv vavv KpeliTOv Xa- 
 /Selv, rj fjLTj eirtarafjievov ' rj a e^eartv api6/jir]cravTa<i y jube- 
 rprjaavra^ rj arriGavTa<^ eiZevat, tov<; tcl roiavra irapa rwv 
 Oewv irvvOavojievov'; aOe/jUTa Troielv -qyeiro. €<^rj Be Belv, 
 a fJLev fiaOovia'^ TTOieiv eBwKav oc 6eoL, jJbavOaveLV ' a Be /jltj 
 BrjXa TOL<; avOpcoTroL^ earl. rreipaaOat Bta fxavrLKrj^ rrapa 
 rcop Oecov rrvvdaveaOai • rov^ 6eov^ y^P> ^^^ ^^ waiv cXetp, 
 
 t 
 a-Tjjiaiveiv. 
 
 10. AXXa firjv eKetvo^ ye iiei fxev rju ev tco (^avepw' rrpcp 
 
Mem. 1, 1.] Fabe Philosophers. 93 
 
 S. 6Vov ^Xel.roc, ^eXKoc .uveaecBa.- «« e-^^7^ .Z^^^' -^ 
 4 ^oX^. T0« 8e ^o.Xo,.eVo« e?^. a«o.6.. 11. o.^e., 8. 
 ^^^ore ^..pdrov, oiSe. aaelSh oiSi a.oaw. ovre -.par- 
 „.T0, elSe.. ovre Xeyo^TO, fj^ovaev. ovhe yap -nep. t,,j 
 
 ruv 13. ieavH-'^i^ Si el M 4"^''^P''^ '^''"^ '"'"■';' "? 
 raOra o,^ hvvariv eVr.. J.^poixo., e^peJ. • e,r« «m ro^. 
 ^eV<.TO. <^po.oC.™, e^l ™ ^epl TO^TCO. XcT,«. 0. ra.ra 
 Zo^a^uv aXX^^oc,, ,l\Xa T0« ^a..o,.€.o.9 o^o.o,? 8«.«<r(?a. 
 ^pi, a\X»iXov9. 14. tS>v re yap ixatvop.ev^v rov, p^ev 
 olKe -ra huv^a hScivai, tov, Se .a\ ra M <^«^^P« </>°^;7 
 aeac- Kal Tol, piv ov8' ev o'^Xo, 8o«eJ. a.axpov e.va. X6- 
 ^a. ?i vro^el. ix.oO., tow 86 o^8' e^r^reo. «, a.0pa,^ov, 
 I:.a. 8o«eI. • .a\ tou, /.e. ovV kpi. oi'r. ^co/.o. o.r. aXXo 
 T«. e6/»v 0^86. T.pav, Tov, h\ Kal XWcv, .a. ^vXa Ta 
 ^vyivra Ka\ Br^pia <Te'/3.<.e<u • .&v re ^epUf,, ra,vja.ro,u 
 66ae<o, pep^p^vc^vro^u rol, pev So.elv tv povov to ov e.vac, 
 To2, Se a-wevpa to ^X^^o, • Kal toI, ,.ev a« K^ve^aOai ^av 
 ra, rok 86 ov86. Hv vroTe Kcwdvvac- Kal rol, pev navra 
 ^ly.eaeal re Kal arriXX^aOa.. rol, Ze ovr a. yeve.ea. 
 Lre oihlv aire arroXicda^. 15. 'EaKo^e. Se rrep. avro>u 
 
"■^^ Character of Socrates. [Xen. i 
 
 rove ,0Tchv ^a0„a,v, iavTol, r. ^ul T<i. !^XXa>v 6V« hu N 
 PovXa>.rac ^o.^e... o2r. .ai oI ra Bela ^nroivre, loai- 
 Kova^v,^ e^e^Sa. yvi>... ah a.dj.a., IWara yly,,rac, ,ro»'- 
 
 orov av aXXoo Sea,.ra. rS>. rocoir.. ; ^ .o,oO.<, ^e. oiZl, 
 0.S eX^.^0..... ap^el S' airol, y.^.„, ^<,V„, ^ ,^^ ^^^^ ._ 
 ™. e^a.™ y,y.era.; 16. ^epl ^l, ol. r&v .aira ^pa- 
 
 -M«._.a- r.a.Sp.^ a,^;„. ./ Wx.., „Voxi • . 
 W, a .0.. ^e. ..&™, ^^«Vo .aXoi, .a\ ajaBoi, eU, 
 
 S.. ^a.M..ro. .^.p ,o.ra>u „epl airoO ^apay.&,a. ,o.V 
 . , o/ioo-a?, ev a, tji, Kara Toy? I'd/^vi fiov- 
 
 JOXW g, . , g „Veao.W . aXXa ^.pl .xIZ 
 
 Z~ Trr : ^-'-f --^^ ^^ ^'^^^ -p« - «/! 
 
 «a*o. .„. 4>vXa^aaea, rok ^,0.oi,ra^l ,9 .ai .,i„ 
 ■^oXXot vo^ltovaw. oIto,. ni„ .,' •' -^ponop Oi 
 
 uei/ /9pn,.o ^'S^ ' ' ^wfcparr]^ d rjyecro iravra 
 
Mem. 4, VIII.] Character of Socrates. 95 
 
 aryr) /SovXevofjieva, iravTaxov 3e irapelvai, Km, <T7)^ialvetv 
 J ToZ? (IvepwTTOL^ irepl Twv avdpcDireicDV iravrcov. 
 
 20. Oavfid^o) ovv, oirco^ Trore lireiaer^aau ^' Aet^valoi 
 ^cofcpclrrjv -rrepl rou? Oeov^ M ao^^povelv, rov daefSh fM€u 
 ovSev TTore vrpo? tou? deov<; o^r elTToVxa ouVe Trpajai^ra • 
 TOLadra Be koI Xejovra Kal irpdrrovra irepl Oe^v, old rc<; 
 tip Kal Xeycov kol irpdrTCOv eh re Kav pofMl^ocro evae^e- 
 
 CTTaTO?. 
 
 [Book IV., ch. Tiii.] 
 
 -11. T^v Se ^(0icpdT7]V jiyvojcTfcovTCOV olo^ r)V, ol JpeTi7? 
 e^tefiei^oc irdure, hi Kal vvv hareXodac itcIvtcou f^dXcara 
 ■TTO^oGi^re? eKelvou, w, ^cpeXifi^rarov ^vra irpo<; dperr^^ ein- 
 f^eXecav. ep,ol fMev 8^, roLodro, ^v olov ey^ay Zu]yr,p,at,— 
 evaeph^ filv ol^ro)?, ^are ^^Iv 'dvev t^, t^v Oe^v jvo^p^v^ 
 ^otelv • hUaio^ 5e, o^crre jSxdTrreLV p^ev /xT^Se fxiKpov^ /xrySeVa, 
 ^<\>eXe'lv h\ rd ixeyiara rou? xP«/^^'^^«^^ ^^^^''f ' h'^P^'']^^ 
 Se, wo-re ixr^hliroTe irpoaipelaeat to rihiov dvrl rod^ /BeXrio- 
 vo, • cPpovifJLo, 36, Ure ^ Sia/iaprdveiU Kplvcov rd ^eXricD 
 Kal rd X^^P^> M^^' ^^^^^ irpoahelaeac, dXX' ^ avrdpKT^^ 
 ehai -rrpo^ Tr}V to6tcov yv^crtv, licavl^ 3e Kal Xdyrp elTveiu 
 re Kal hLopiaaadai rd roiavra, \Kavo<i Se Kal dXXov^ Sokl- 
 f^aav re Kal dp^aprdvovra, e^eXey^at, Kal irporpefaadai, 
 e-ri dper^v Kal KaXoKdyaOUv, — eB^Kec raodro, ebat, olo, 
 hv ek dpicrrd^ re dv^p Kal evBaip,oveararo<;. el Be ray M 
 dpiaKev ravra, irapafidXXcou to dXXov ^Oo, irpo, ravra, 
 
 f/ ' 
 
 ovrco Kptverco, 
 
PLATO. 
 
 I. SOCRATES BEFORE HIS JUDGES. 
 
 1. Ov TToWov y eveKa '^povou. (o avSp€<i AOrjvaloi, 
 opofia e^ere Kai aLTcav viro twv /SovXofievcov Trjv iroXiv 
 XoL^opelv^ 0)9 ^coKpuTT] wTTefCTovare^ avhpa ao(f)ov ' (f)r](TOvai, 
 ryap S77 fie aoipov eluat^ eu Kau /jlt) ei/xt, 01 /SovXofierot v/ilv 
 oveioiL,eiv. et ovv 7repie/ji€cvare oXijov y^povov^ wtto rov 
 avTO/jbdrov av vfuv touto eyeveio • opare yap Br] ti]v 7,Xt- , ; 
 KLav^ OTL TToppco TjOT] eoTL Tov pLov^ oavaTOv 06 eyjvi;. 1 
 \ey(o he tovto ov Trpo^ iravra'^ viia<i^ aWa 7rpo<; tov"; c/uov 
 Karay^rjc^Laafxevov^ Oavajov. 2. Xeyco Be kul roBe irpo^ 
 Toi;? avTov<^ tovtov<^ • La(o<; fie oieaue, co avcpe<^, ajropia 
 \oyo)V eaXwKevai tolovtwv ot9 av vfia^ eTreicra, eu ap.r)v 
 Belv cnravra nroielv kul \eyeiv coare airocpvyelv rtjv Blkijv. 
 TToXkov ye Bel. aW aTropia /xev eaXcoKa^ ov /xevrot Xoycou, 
 aXXa ToX/jL7]<i Kat avaLayvvrua<^ Kat tov eOeXeuv Xeyeiv irpo^ 
 v/j,a<i Totavra ol av vfitv r^Stcrr 7]V aKOveiv, Oprjvovvro^ re 
 fJLov Kat oBvpofievov Kat aXXa 7roLovvro<i kul XeyovTc; ttoXXo. 
 Kai ava^ia e/xov^ co? eyco (j)7j/j.t ' ota Br] kul eiOiaOe vfiel'^ 
 rcov aXXcov atcovetv. j 3. aXX ovTe rare ootiOtjv Betv eveKa 
 TOV KLvBvvov irpa^ai ovBev aveXevOepov, ovre vvv fioi [xera- 
 fMeXei 01/70)? airoXoyrjGajjLevufy aXXa ttoXv ixaXXov aipovfxui 
 CW06 aTToXoyrjaafjievof; redvavai 77 eKeivco<; ^rjv • ovre yap ev 
 OLfCT) ovr ev TroXepLO) ovr ejie ovr aXXov ovoeva dec tovto 
 fMTj'^avaadaL, otto)? aTrocpev^erac ttclv ttolcov OavaTov. Kai 
 yap ev Tal<^ fia'^ai'^ TroXXaKC^ BrjXov yiyveTai otl to ye 
 
 i 
 
Apol.] 
 
 Warnim to Ida Jadyes. 
 
 97 
 
 ^<;.axo.. kav T., .oX,.a ttS. uo.«. .a. X.^,.... *• «XX« 
 ^,) ov ToOx ^ X»^--. - -SP^'' ''"'"^'"'. "t"^""' "^ - 
 
 .„l .0. e,» M-. -^ /3P«S., A. K«^^ -P-^-'>': -» --: 
 £« iVxe,, ^^0 xoO 0«xxo.o,, x^, .«««.• -- ■"- 7» 
 
 .« ^X,0e/a, <i<^X,.o'x« ^ox^W'- «- "S""*"/ ''"' /I"" 
 ,' .<J „^,i^ax. Jm/..'.», «- oSxo. .avra ,e. xrou ..«, 
 
 fs. To 86 &h ^^^ra xoCto J7r.t?.^» ^/^^^ XF'J'^'^f '''^"'' ^ 
 iat.*-'^/^--' /^-- -' W ",^' ^8, ..xa.e«, e. « 
 
 ;er<x(ja. <^.^i 7«P' « -sp« "' ^'^^ "--^-T^' "'-'-'"r 
 
 i.l. ^'?«. ..;<^^9 ^exa xo. e^hv Bivarov ■.oXv xaX.7xa,x.- 
 pl, .;, Al\ ^ o'lav if.1 ^Txe^xoWe- vvv ^ap xo.xo «p7«- 
 aaae., o!o>e.o. ^^. ^^aXX^^.^a. xoO Ulo.a. eX^^Xo^"^ 
 Biov ■ xo 86 ip2v ^oXv Ivavrlov auo/3„'<r6x,u, a,, ey^^ <I>V>^'-- 
 6. TTXe/ov, e<xo.xa. i^^a, ol Ixeyxo-'T^, »"' ^5. e7» «-"" 
 ^0., .^^a. Se oC. ^.ea^eaOe ■ Kal x-^^^-repoc e.crac 
 i„ .e^repol «<x., «ai v^^el. l^iXXov aya.a.r^<^^re, « 
 ^.V olW^e, a^o«xe/.o.xe, a.0p»^ou,, 6^.<rx-,<x". xou 
 Liis/fe.. X..A ^M- ox. o^« op^^. &re, o.. ope.. 8- 
 
 .o«<x^e • ou yap -^' «-'' ^ «-«^^«^'' "."", """" ^" ^ 
 o."x. .aXh, aXX' Uivr, Ka\ KaXXl^rv ^a. paarV, M jov, 
 aXXov, .oXo^«., aXX' lauxo. ,rapa<r«.a?«. o^»^ -^a. 
 <i, ^e\T.<xxo,. raira ^^h oS. Of.lv xo« «axat,<#...a/^^-o.. 
 IxavTevaafjuevos airaWarrofiaLJ 
 

 98 Socrates before his Judges. [Plato 
 
 rov yeyov^ro, rovrovi ^piyi^aro,, iv J> ol ^p^ovre, a^yo.~^ 
 Xvavayov,Ti, Kal oiVo, ip^of^ai ol 'eXe6vra /.e U re0uavac. 
 aXXa fioi, 3, S.vhp€<;, ■wapap.elva-re roaoCrov ^povov ■ ovSh 
 yap Ka>\Cei hcaixvOoXoy^aai Trpo? aXk,]\ov<,, ewy e^earw 
 vp.lv yap i,, <f>lX0K olaw i-^,hel^at effiXco to vvvl fioc ^vp^. 
 ^e/Svco, rl ,roT6 voel 8. if,ol yip, & ^,Spe, 8«a<rTa/_ 
 vp-a,^ yap Sc^aara, KaX&v 6p0^, &„ ^aXoi-^v — davf^aacov 
 Ti yeyovev. ^ yap elo^Ovli ^o, p^avrm^, ^ roi haip^cvlov 
 ev^p.evT^ -Kpoadeu xpo.q> -rravrl ttAvv ttv^v^, Ael T/v, koI 
 Travv ein a/xiKpol^ e^avriovfievv. e'l re p^kXXocfu /.^ ^p^^, 
 7rp«f«.- vvv\ Si ^v^fie^r,^^ ^„,, ^Vep 6pa-r, ,al airol 
 ravrc a ye Sn ^ ohedr, "av re, .al vop^li^erav eV^ara .a.^l 
 uva, 9. ei.0, Se aire i^c6vre e'^dev oIko0,v ^vavre^Br, ro 
 rov deov <rvpuov, aire ^vUa iv'^^aivov IvravBol eTrl to 
 ScKaaryeov, oiV iv rm X6ym ovSap,oC /^XXovrl ri Ipelv ■ 
 Kaerotev iXXoc, Xdyo,, rroXXaxoi B^ fie In^^^e Xeyovra 
 fiera^u • vvv\ Se ovhufioi rrepl rairr,v rr,v rrpa^.y oir' iv 
 epya, oUevl oir' iv X6y<o r,vavrio>rai ^oi. 10. r[ olv - 
 a.™,, dva, h^oXa^^ivo> ; iy^ {,p.l^, ip^ . ^..Svv.rieo yip 
 1^0, TO ^vp.Pe^,i^o<; rovro ir^uffov yeyovivac, Kal oin: icff 
 OTTO,, j^e« hpeS>, (nroXap^ivo^^ev, laov oU^^eSa Ka.lv dva, 
 roreffvavm. ^iya f,oc r,Kp.^piov roirov yiyovev ■ oi ynp 
 e<T^^ o^a,, oiK ^^vavru^er, iv ^o. to elo^ffo, ar,p.elov. el /^^ | 
 Tt e/ieXXov eyw ayaffov -Trpa^ew. 
 
 ^ H. 'Evvo^a^i^ev hi Kal T^Se, i, ^oXX^ iX-^k i^rcv 
 ayaeov ajro el.ac. Soolv yip eirepiv iar, to redvivac ■ ' 
 
 V yap olov /.^Sev elvac, ^,g' atadv^rcv p^Seu/av ^^8e™, 
 exe.. TO. re0veira, f, Kari ri Xeyip.eva f^erafioXr^ re, 
 
 TTr". ""r- ""' '^^-«'?-^ ri ^v^r, roC rUov rov 
 ^vdevSe e« aXXov toVo.. 13. Kal etre ^.r,hep.la aUdr^ci, 
 
 \ 
 
^poL.] Death is a Gain, 00 
 
 h.v olixai', d Twa UXe^a^^^vov hU Ta<nr,v t,,v vvKra,^ ev j, 
 oiro) KareZapeev ilxjre M^' Smp ISeh, Kal tu? aX\a<, 
 ,v.Ta, re Kal ,'mpa, ra, toO ^^ov toO iav.ov avrc^apa- 
 eivra Tairr, rn vvktI Seot aKefdfievov ei-,re,v, TTcra, afiei- 
 vov Kal i^Sc'ov VMpa, Kal vmra, Tairr,, rij. vvktI, P^I3cco- 
 Kev ev T« iavTo'u /3/«, ol/xai av p.h Src JStajT,,./ rwa, aX\a 
 Tov p.iyav l3aacXea evapt-SMTOV, 'av ehpelv avjov ravra,^ 
 ^ph ra, iXXa, Vf^epa, Kal vvKra,. . 13. el «;. rocovrou o 
 edvard, 1<7T,, K^pSo, e'-ycye xJyco • Kal yap ovSev nXe.^v o 
 ■na, vpoVo? ^aivera, o'irco 8^ dvai h M'" '"^?- -E' ^ '''' 
 olov dnoSvM'^al hrcv 6 Odvaro, ivOUe eh dXXov roTrov. 
 -Kal iXv0V ^-^^ ^» XeyoVe^a, m dpa kel el<r,v d^avre, o, 
 reevei,re,, t/ t^ell^ov iyaOlv rovrov elr, Au, & a.Spe, hiKa- 
 c-rai ; 14. el ydp ns d^iK^p-em, eU "AcSov. a-rraXXayec', 
 TO^TO)./ Twv 4,a<TKivTa,v ZiKaa-Twv elvac, evp^aeL to.;? aXr,- 
 e^, Smaarh,, o'l-rrep Ka\ Xkyovrav 'eKel hiKdi:e,v, — M.Vo,? 
 T6 Ka\ 'Pahdi^avdv^ Kal AlaKo, Kal TpcTrrdXep.o'; Kai. aXXov 
 ' '6aoi ri,v np.teeo>v hUaioi eyevovTo eu tw eavr&v fic^,-— 
 ^pa <j>aiXv a. e'lv V d'Kohni^la ; ^ «3 'Op<^" ^vyyeveada, 
 Kal Movaalo> Kal 'Hcr,,o'S» Koi 'OpnpV ^'^^ '^'"^?' ""/'J 
 h^^an' &v i^&v ; 15. €7« ixev ydp -^oXXcU,, edeXa, re^m- 
 va., el ravr Icrlv dXriBn ' i^el e^ocye Kal airS, eavpaarv 
 hv etv V &^^rp^l3v airddc, OTro're ^.rvxo.A'' HaXapriSu Kac 
 Alavr^ T« TeXap.&vo, Kal el r., dxXo, r^v ^aXac.u Bca 
 ,pla^u &KOV redvv<eu, ivr.^apaffdXXovrc ja ^ e^^avrov 
 
 ^<iev ^po^ -' ^«^''>'»". "' h^ °''^»'' """ Z ? ."''■ 
 
 Kal S^ TO /xe7.<.T0., TO^, Uel e^erd^ovra Kac epev.a,vra 
 &^^ep To^9 IvTaida S^dyecv, rk air^v <ro^o? 6<rT.,/c« t.? 
 oiWa. p.ev 6Vt. 8' ov". : 16. ^,rl ^oVy 8 a. t«, o. a.Spe, 
 
100 Socrates before his Judges. [Plato 
 
 ZiKaaraL, Se^airo e^eracrat rov eirt, Tpoiav ayayovra rrjv 
 ttoXXtju arpariav, rj Ohvaaea, r) Scav(f)ov^ rj aWovi fj.vpl-^\ 
 OL19 au Tfc? enroL kul avopa<; fcai yvvautca^ ; ot? skel OiaAe- 
 yeadat fcac ^vvelvai Kai e^era^ecv a/jir]'^avov av euri evSac- 
 fiovLa^;. iravTO}^ ov Brjirov tovtov ye eveKa ol ifcel airo- 
 KTeLvovGi ' Tu T6 yap aXXa evoaifjiovearepoi etatp ol €K€i, 
 Tcoz/ evOaSe^ Kau rjBr) rov Xolttov '^povov aOavajot eicnv, 
 eoirep ye ra Xeyofieva aXrjOrj ecrnv. 
 
 17. AWcL Kau v/jLa<; %/o^, 00 avBpe<^ hiKaaTai, eveXnTiha^ 
 elvai 7rpo<; rov Oavarov, Kai ev n rovro StavoeloOai dXr]0e<;, 
 on ovK earcv avSpt dyaOut kukov ovhtv ovre t^covri ovre 
 reXevT7](TavTt, ov8e afxeXelrau vtto Oewv ra rovrov irpay' 
 ptara • ovSe ra efia viiv airo rov avrofjuarov yeyovev, aXXa 
 /jLoc hrjXov ean rovro, brt rjSr) reOvavai Km aTrrjXXa^OaL 
 irpayfjuarcov peXriov r)V puoL. oia rovro Kau e/jue ovoapiov 
 airerpe^jre ro crrj/jbeLOV, Kai, eycoye roa KaraY^rjcpLaa/xei^oLf; 
 p.ov Kai Tot9 Kar7)yopoL<; ov rravv j^aXeTraivay. Katrot ov 
 ravrr] ry '^iavoia Kare'\lr'r](f)L^ovro julov Kat Karrjyopovv^ aXX 
 oiGfjievoi ^Xairreiv • rovro avrol<; a^iov fjLe/jL(f)6a6aL 1 §. To- 
 aovhe /jbevroL avrwv Seo/Jtai • tou? utet? /xov, erreihav tj/Sj]- 
 acoat,, rtfJLcopricraaOe, co avSpe^, ravra ravra Xv7rovvre<^ 
 airep eyco ffta? eXvirovv, eav vfilv hoKwauv 7] ')^pr}fMar(op r) 
 aXXov rov irporepov eirifieXeicrdat 7] aperrj^, Kai eav SoKcoai 
 re ei,vac fiTjBev ovre<^, ovetSi^ere avrol<^^ oiairep eyo) vp^iv, on 
 OVK dTTLpeXovvrai 6)v Set, Kai ocovrac ri elvai ovre<^ oiSevo<; 
 a^iOL. Kai eav ravra iroirjre^ OLKata 7re7ropu(o<; eyco eaopuak 
 v<p vpoiv, avro<; re Kai oi VLel<^. 
 
 AXXa yap r]orj copa amevai^ epoi puev arrouavovp,ev(p, 
 vpiv 8e /3icoao/jLei'Oi<^ • oirorepoi he rjpLwv ep^ovrac eTrl afiec^ 
 vov irpayp.a, aB7]Xov rravrc rrXrjV r] rco 6eco» 
 
Fhaedo.] The Death of Socrates'.' 101 
 
 II. THE DEATH OF SOCRATES. 
 
 [Phaedo, I.-V.; LXIII. -LXVI.] 
 
 1. Ky^eic paT7]<; . Avro^, co ^aiZwv, Trapeyevov X&)- 
 Kparet eKelvrj rrj ijfxepa^ rj to (fxip/juaKou einev ev ro) hecriMOi' 
 Trjpiw, Tj aWov rov t]KOvaa<i ; 
 
 ^ auhayv . Avro<^, co E-^eKparef;. 
 
 it ovu otj eanv arra etirev o avrjp irpo rov uava- 
 rov ; Kai ttox; ereXevra ; ?ySe&}? yap av eyco uKovaatfjn,. 
 KaL yap ovre rcov itoXltcdv ^Xiaaicov OfSet? iravu n eirt- 
 y^copia^et ra vvv Adr]va^e^ ovre rt? ^evo<; acf)LKTac '^povov 
 av')(vov eKelOev, ba-n^ av rj/juv cra0e? rt ayyecXat olo<^ r 
 r)v irepL rovrcov^ ttXtju ye Srj on. (f)ap/j,aKOv ttlcov airoOavoi * 
 roiv he aXXcov ovSev ec^e (ppa^eti'. 
 
 2. $. OuSe ra rrepc tt}? Bcktj'; apa errvOeaOe ov rpo' 
 TTov eyevero ; 
 
 E. Nai, ravra fiev rjfitv rjyyeiXe ri<;, Kat edaufjia^ofjiev 
 ye on, rraXai yevofievr}^ avTr]<;, rroXXu) varepov (j^atverai, 
 arroOavcov. rt ovv rjv rovro^ o) ^athoav ; 
 
 $. Tv^T] Tt9 avTO)^ O) E^eKpare<^, avve/Sr) • erv^^^e yap 
 Tjj TTporepata rrj<; Slkij'^ ?; rrpyfiva eare/JL/jbevrj rov ttXocov, 
 et? ArjXov A6r]vaioL rre/jbTrovatv. 
 
 hi. 1 ovro oe or] ri eanv ; 
 ^. ^. Tovro ean ro rrXolov^ w? <f)ao'iv AOrjvaioi, ev 
 Q) Orjaev^ irore et? Kpr]rr)V rov^; Bl<; errra €K€Ivov<; (o^ero 
 aycou^ KUi eacoae re Kat avro<; eaoivr). rw ovv AiroKKoivi, 
 ev^avro, co? Xeyerat^ Tore, eu Gwueiev, e/caarov erov^ ueco- 
 puav arrd^etv et? ArjXov • rjv Sr] aet Kat vvv en e^ eKeivov 
 Kar eviavTOv rw Oeco rrepbrrovcFLV. eireihav ovv ap^covrac 
 rrj^ Oewpla'^., vofxo'^ eartv avrol<; ev ro) ')(pov(p tovtm Kada- 
 pevetv ri)v ttoXlv, Kat hrj/ioaia pbrfheva aiTOKnvvvvaL^ irpiv 
 
*' / 'c t f t c 
 
 r ' »cct. 
 
 lOjJ ; ; .; ''; ,''"Tfie \DeaiU of Socrates. [Plato 
 
 . . c « r/ r *,»« ' / ' • ' ( ' , • , ' '' 
 
 , ' , , r' , ,' , ' t' r ' ' ■ ' ' 
 
 ■V, 
 
 av et? ArjXov a<^LKr}Tat to irXolov Kat iraXiv Bevpo • rouro 
 h evbore ev ttoWo) '^povcp yuyveraL, biav Tvyjxxjiv av6ixOL\ 
 a7ro\a/3ovT€<; avrov^. ^PX^J ^ eaji Trj<; 6eo)pia<i, eireihav 6 
 i6pev<; Tou A7roW(ovo<; artyp^Tj ttjv Trpv/xvav rod ttXolov • 
 TOVTO S 6TV)^€v, codTTep Xe'yo), rjf Trpojepaia t?}? Slkt]'^ yeyo- 
 i/o?. Sia ravTa kul ttoA-u? ^.P^^^'^ eyevero tco XcoKpdiet 
 €V TU) heafjuwrVipLW. o fxera^v 7rj<; St/c?;? re Kai rov OavuTov. 
 
 4:0 E. Tl he Srj ra irept aviov tov Oavajov^ c5 ^aihwv ; 
 TLva Y]v ra Xe^devra Kac irpaxOevra^ Kat 7ive<i oi irapa- 
 yevo[xevoi twv eTnirj^eicov rw avSpt ; rj ov/c eioav ot ap^f^vre'^ 
 TTapelvai, aXX €pr]/jio<; ereXevra ^iXwv ; 
 
 $, Ov8a/jbco<; • aXXa Traprjaau nve^, Kat iroXXoi <ye. 
 
 E. Tavra Br] iravra TrpoOv/jirjdrjTi, co? aac^earaja ij/iuif 
 aTTayyetXai, et fir] rt<; (tol aayoXia Tvyyavei ovaa. 
 
 $. AXXa axoXa^o) ye, Kat TreipaaojUiaL v/.uv Sirjyrjaa- 
 o6ai ' Kat yap to fie/jLvrjadai ^coKpaTov<; Kat avTov XeyovTa 
 Kat aXXov aKOvovTa e/notye aet iravTOiv i)oiaTov, 
 
 E. AXXa fir]v, Oi ^atBwv, Kat tov<; aKovcro/jb€vov<; ye 
 TotovTov<; eTepovi e^ei? • aXXa iretpoi o)? av hvvrj uKptjSe- 
 
 aTUTa BteXdelv TravTa. 
 
 5. $. Kat fMTjv eycoye Oavpbacrta eiraOov Trapayevofie- 
 vo<;. ovTe yap w? OavuTO) irapovTa fie ai'Bpo<i e'TrtTijBetov 
 eXeo9 etarjet ' evhatfjicov yap /not dvrjp €(f)atveTo, co E^e- 
 KpaTe<;, Kat tov Tpoirov Kat toju Xoycov, co? aSeco? Kat yev- 
 vat(£)<^ ereXevTa, coaTe /not eKelvov iraptcrraaOai /nrjS' ei? 
 AiBov tovTa avev 6eta<^ fMOtpa^; tevat, aXXd KUKelae a^tKO- 
 fjtevov ev irpa^etv, etirep rt? TrcoiroTe Kat dXXo^;. hta hr) 
 TavTa ovhev iravv fxot eXeeivov etarjei^ a)? etKo^ av Bo^etev 
 elvat irapovTt irevOet ' ovTe av TjBovrj tw? ev (fytXocrocf^ta 
 ri/iwv ovTcov, wairep etwdet/uLev • Kat yap ot Xoyot toiovtoI 
 Ttve<i Yjaav ' aXX aTe^vax; aToirov tl fjbot 7ra6o<i iraprjv, Kai 
 
PhaedoJ Friends in the Prison. 103 
 
 Tt? mdr^^ Kpaat^ aTro re T779 ^iBovPj^ avjKeKpafi€vv6fiov 
 ; Kol a-nh T^9 Xi^ttt;?, 6uev^JiovfM€vqy ore avrUa Ueho^ e/ieWe 
 reXeurav. kuI iravre^ ol irapovre^ ax^^ou n ovt(d SteKet- 
 fieOa, 6tI ix'ev jeX^i^re^, evlore Bl haKpvovre^;, eU Be rifMcou 
 Kal 8Lacpep6urco<;, 'AiroWoBaypo, ' olaOa jap ttov top avBpa 
 Kcii Tov rporrov avrov. 
 «. E. ITw? yap ov ; 
 
 $ 'Eicelvo^ re tolvvv TTavTaTraartv ovr(0<; e^xe, Kac 
 auTO? eycoye eTerapay/J-rjv kol ol aWot. 
 
 E, "Etvxov Be, 0} ^acBcov, rive^ irapayevofievoL ; 
 ^. OuTO? T6 Si) 6 "AnroWoBwpo^ twv hiTiX(^>pi(ov TrapTiv, 
 Kal KpcTO^ovXo^, Kal 6 irar^p avrod [Kpircov'], kuI ere 
 'EpfMoyevv^ Kal 'ETnyevrj, Kal Alax^vV^ >^<^l ' AvriGe'ev7)<, • 
 ^v Be Kal KTrio-.TTTTO? 6 naiavteh^, Kal Mei>eS€uo<;, Kal 
 aWot rtvh r^v hirixo^pio^v • UXarwv Be, olfMat, rjaOeveL. 
 E. a'evoL Be nve^ Traprjaav ; 
 
 $. Nal, Xip^p^ia^ re ye er]^alo<; Kal Ke/3v^^ Kal ^ai- 
 BcovlBt]^, Kal MeyapoOev EvKXelBr]^ re Kal Tepflcov. 
 
 E. Ti Be ; ' AplariinTO^ Kal KXeop^^poro^ irapeye- 
 
 vovro ; 
 
 $. Ov B^'jra • ev Alylvrj yap eXeyovro eivai. 
 
 E. "AXXo^ Bt Tt? iraprjv ; 
 
 ^. 2'xeSoi/ n olfjiat rovrov^ 'jrapayeveaOai. 
 
 E. Ti ovv St] ; TtVe?, (^^9, r)aav ol X6yot ; 
 
 7, $. 'EycD aoL ef apxv^ rravra ireipaaofxai Biriyr^' 
 oaaeai. ae\ yap B^ Kal ra, -rrpUOev vf^epa, eyoOei^ev 
 ^OLrav, Kal ey^ Kal ol aXXot, irapa rov XcoKparv. crvX- 
 Xeyo^evoi 'dwdev eh ro BiKaari^piov, kv a> Kal v ^^V H^^ 
 vera • irX^aiov yap ^v rov BecTpLa^TTjplov. -rrepLe^evofMev ovu 
 ^K^arore, e'o)? ^voixOeh ^o Bea^icorvpcov, Bcarpi/Sovre, fier 
 ^XX^Xcv • dvec^^yero yap ov ^pcp ' e-rrecB^ Be apoLxOecv, 
 
104 The Death of Socrates. [Plato 
 
 i 
 
 €icrf)6i,/jL6v irapa rov 2,co/cpaT7j^ kul ra iroWa oirjixepevofjiev 
 /jL€t avTov. Kac Sr] Kat, rore Trpcol'atrepov ^vveXeyrj/xev. n^ 
 Tj] yap TrporepaLO, r] fie pa, iireiB)] e^rjXOopev e/c rod Sea/jLco- 
 TTjpiov €(77r€pa<;, eTrvdofxeOa on to ttXolov €k AifKov a<pLj' 
 puevov 6L7J. 7rap7)yy€L\apbev ovv aWrfKoi^ rj/cecv o)? irpwCai' 
 rara et? to etco^o?. . 8. Kat TjKOpLev^ Kac rjpiv e^eXOcov 6 
 ovpcopof;, oairep ecoouei viraKoveiv, eiTre irepip^eveLv Kai puj) 
 irpoTepov TraptevaL, eo)? av auro? KeXevarj • Xvovat yap., 
 €(f)r}, ol evSeKa ^coKparr) Kac nrapayyeXXovaiVy otto)? av 
 rySe TT) r)p.epa reXevTr^ar). ov iroXvv h ovv '^povov eirt- 
 aywv.^ r^ice Kac eKeXevev ^///-a? eiaievai. eiatovTe^ ovv Kare- 
 Xafx^avopev tov pev ^coKpari] aprt XeXvpuevov, rrjv he 
 aav6 LiriTrjv — yiyvwcrKeL<i yap — e^ovaav re ro TraiBiov 
 avrov KaL irapaKaOrjpuevrjv. co<; ovv elBev i]pa<^ r) Sav- 
 GcTTTrr], av€V(prjp.r]ae re Kat roiavr arra elirev, ola Srj eioj- 
 6aaiv ai yvvaiKe<i^ ore ' fl ^(OKpare<^^ vararov hi] oe rrpoae- 
 povai vvv OL eirirr^heioi, Kai av rovrov^. Kac 6 ^coKparrj^;, 
 ^Xe'\lra<; et? rov Kpcrcova, * fl Kpcroyv, ^4^Vi airayerco rL<^ 
 avrrjv ocKaSe. Kac eKetvrjv puev arrrfyov rcve^; rcov rov Kpc- 
 ra)vo<; jBowaav re Kac KOTTropcevrjv. 9. o ^e ^a)Kpar7]<;, 
 avaKa6t^opevo<i et9 rrjv kXcvtjv, cTVveKap'\^e re ro aKeXo<i 
 Kac e^erpcyjre ry %eipt, Kac rpc^a)v apa, il? aroTrov^ ^^It 
 oi avope<^, eocKe ri ecvac rovro, o KaXovacv oc avupcoirob 
 TjSv ' ft)9 6avpa(TCco<; rre^VKe 7rpo<; ro Sokovv evavrcov eivac^ 
 ro Xv7Tr)pov^ ra> apa pev avrco per] eOeXecv rrapayiyveoOac ro) 
 avOpwrrw^ eav Se rc<; Slcokt] ro erepov Kai Xapi/3av7], a'^ehov 
 re avayKa^eaOac Xapc^avecv Kac ro erepov, coairep eK /jLca<i 
 KOpv(l)rj<; o-vvrj/xpevco Sv bvre. Kac poc BoKec, €(f>7}, ec eve- 
 vorjaev avra Aiawrroq., fivOov av crvvOelvac, ft>9 o ^eo9 ^ov- 
 Xop€vo<; avra BcaXXa^ac TroXe/jCovvra, eTrecSr) ovk rjSvvaro, 
 ^vvrjyjrev et9 ravrov avroc<s ra<; Kopv<^a^, Kac Sea ravra w 
 
Phaedo.J Why he ivrote Pudry. 105 
 
 av TO 6T€pov TrapayevrjTaL, eTraKoXovOel varepov Kai to 
 erepov. Marrep ovv Kai avrcp fioi eotKev^ eiraioy] vtto tov 
 SecTfiov rju ev tcG aKeXet irporepov to aXyetvov, r]K6LV Brj 
 <f)aLV6Tac eira/coXouOovu to tiBu. 
 
 10. 'O ovu Ke^T]<; viroXa^oiv^ Nj) tov Aia^ w Xwfcpare^;^ 
 6^77, ev y eiroLrjaa'^ ava/jLvrjaa<; /jl6. Trepc yap iol tcov 
 7roLr//jLaTcoi> d)L> 7re'TT0i7)Ka<;^ evTeLva<; tou? tov AiacoTrov Xo~ 
 
 'VOU? KaC TO 61? TOl' ATTOXKCO irpOOLfJiiOV^ KQL aKKOL TLP6<; 
 
 fjL6 ijBrj rjpovTO ' UTap Kai Kvrjvo<^ Trpcorju^ o tl ttotc Biavo- 
 7)d€L<ij eTretZi] Sevpo r]Xde(;^ 67roi7]<Ta<; avTa, irpoTepov ovSev 
 TTWTTOTe iTon]cja<^. €L ovv TL GOL fieKei TOV e')(eiv e/xe £jv- 
 rjvat diroKpLvaaOai oTav /i€ avdc<i epcoTo, (^ev olSa yap oTt 
 epr]aeTai^^ enre tl ')(pri fie Xeyeiv. 11. Aeye tolvvv^ €(f}r), 
 avTQ), CO Kel3r]<=;, TaXrjOrj, otl ovfc eKeivco ^ovXofi€vo<i ov8e 
 T0t9 7roLi]/j.a(TLv avTov avTLr6^vo<; elvaL eiroLrjaa TavTa • 
 yoeLV yap co? ov paotov eLrj * a/iA. evvirvLWv tlvcov aTTOTretpo)- 
 fjLevo<; TL Xeyei, KaL a<poaLovfievo<; et apa ttoXXukl'; TavTrjv 
 Tr]v /jL0V(TLfcr)v /jiOL eiTLTaTTOL TTOLelv. Tjv yap Br) uTTa tol- 
 uBe ' TroXXaKL<; jjlol (poiTcov to avTO evvirvLOv ev tco TrapeX- 
 60VTL /3/co, aXXoT ev aXXrj o^lreL ^aivofxevov^ Ta avTa Be 
 Xeyov, ^ fl ^(OKpaTe^, ^4'Vy /jlovo-lktjv iroLei KaL epya^ov. 
 12. KaL eyco ev ye tco irpoaOev '^povw, birep eirparTov tov- 
 To vTreXa/jifSavov avTO fioL irapaKeXeveaOai Te KaL eiriKeXev- 
 €LV, cdGirep OL Tot? deovai BiaKeXevofxevoi • KaL €/jlol ovtco 
 to evvTTviov oirep eirpaTTOv tovto ewLKeXeveiv^ /jLovaLKrjv 
 TTOLelv, CO? (f)LXoao(f)La<; /xev ovcr7)<; /jLeyiaTT]<; fiova LKr}<^ , efiov 
 Be TOVTO 7rpaTT0VT0<^ ' vvv B eireLBrj tj Te Blkt] eyeveTO. KaL 
 Tj TOV 6eov eopTj] BieKcoXve /xe airoOvriaKeiv. eBo^e '^prjvaL^ 
 et apa 7roXXaKL<; /iol TrpoaTHTTOL to evvirvLov TauT7]i> ti]v 
 CTjfKoBr] /jLOvaiKTjv TToietv, pLT) uTTeLOyjcraL avTOj. aXXd Trnieiv. 
 aa<paXeaTepov yap elvai /ir) uTTLevaL irpiv ucpoaiojcraaOai, 
 
106 The Death of Socrates. [Plato 
 
 'Troi7]aavTa iroirnjiaTa, icai ireiOofxevov raJ evvirvlw. 13. ov- 
 TCt) 07] nrpwTov jmev et? rou Oeov eiroir^aa^ ov r)v 1) irapovaa ^ 
 6vaia • fiera Se tov Oeov, evvorjcra<i ore tov 7roi7]T7]v Seot,, 
 CLTrep fieWoL tto^t^tt^? elvau^ iroieuv /jlu6ou^ aX\ ov Xo'vous", 
 Kat auTo? ovK rj juvOoXoyiKO^, Sta ravra Brj ov^ irpoYetpov^i 
 €l')(ov Kat r)7naTaiJL7]v /jLv6ov<i roi;? AtacoTrov, tovtovs eiroU 
 ')](Ta — ot? irpcoTocf; everv^ov. ravra ovv^ c5 K€^7]<;^ Evtjvco 
 <^pa^e^ Kau eppwaOat, Kat av aw(f)povr], ejjbk Siwfcetv «? rd- 
 ')(iara. aireLfJn he, &)? eocK6, rrifxepov • KeXevovat yap 
 ^ AOrjvaloL. 
 
 I 14. KaL Zc/jLfii,a<;, Olov rrapaKeXevei^ €(p7], rovro^ w 
 ^(OKpare^^ Evrjvco ; iroWa yap TjSrj evrervyrfica tco dvhpi • 
 a-y^eoov ovv, e^ d)P eyco jjaOrj/jiaL, ouS' oirwanovv aoi ekwv 
 elvai rreLaerai. Tl Sac ; rj S 69 • ov (jaXoaoc^o^ Ev7]vo<i ; 
 EfjLOiye SoK€L, €^7] ^LfifiLaf;. EOeXriaeu roivvv^ €<j)7], KaX 
 Evrjvo^ Kat, 7ra<; bro) a^cco^ rovrov rov rrpdyixaro<^ fiere- 
 criv. OV fjuevroL y vaay^ pcaaerai avrov • ov yap cpaat 
 uefiirov elvai. 15. Kcii afia Xeycov ravra Kadrj/ce ra aK6- 
 Xrj ^aTTo T?7? K\ivr]<;~\ eiri rrjv yrjp^ kol Ka6e^o/uL6vo<^ ovTa}<i 
 rjoij ra Xoiira BieXeyero. rjpero ovv avrov 6 Ii.e^7}<^ • II(x)<; 
 rovro Xe'yet?, c5 "Xwicpare^. ro /jLT) Oepbirov elvai eavrov /Bca- 
 ^ecrdat, eOeXciv S av ro) diroOvriaKOvrt rov (f)LXoc70(f)ov eire- 
 c-dai ; Tl Be, co KefBr)^ ; ov/c aKTj/coare av re Kat ^t/x/um? 
 irept rcov rotovrcov, ^CXoXaw (Tvyyeyovore<; ; OvSev ye aa^ 
 ^0)9, o) ^(i)Kpare<^. ^AXXa /iirjv Kayo) ef dK07]<; rrepi avrwv 
 Xeyco • a /xev ovv rvy^avat aKr}K0(o<^, (f)6ovo<; onSfi? Xeyeiv. 
 /cat yap lctw^ Kai /xaXiara irpeireL, fieXXovra eKelae airohr)- 
 fieiv^ OiaaKOTrecv re kol jJbvOoXoyelv Trepl rrj^ d7roSr}/iita<; rrj<; 
 CKet,, TTouav nva avrrjv oiofxeOa elvai • ri yap av Tt? Kai 
 TTOLOL aXXo ev roj /^e^pc ifxlov Bvo-julcov %/9oVft) ; 
 
TiiAEDo.] Concerning his Burial lf)7 
 
 LlO. AWa TovTwv Sij kveKa 'y^pi] cov SL€\t]XvOa/jL€u, a> 
 ^L/x/JLta^ TTCiv TTOLelv^ wcTxe apeTrj<i kul (ppovrjaea)<; ev no ^l(o 
 fieraa'^elv * koKov yap to aOXov, Kau j) eXTrt? fieyaXT). 
 v/jL€l<i fiev ovv^ ^0^1 <w ^ifjL/jita re Kao K€/3r}<i kuc ol ciWoi, 
 6LaavuL<i 6V TLvi XP^^V ^K^^<^'^ot iropevaeaoe • e/xe oe vvv 
 rjhr] KoXel, (jyatr) au uvi]p rpayiKO'^^ i) eL/xap/jbevt], kuc a^^hov 
 ri ixot (opa rpaireaOai, irpo'^ to \ovrpov • hoK€L yap hi] /3t\- 
 TLOv ewat Xovaapuevov Trcetv to (papixaKOv, Kat fi7] irpay- 
 ^aTa rat? yvvat^i Trape^'^LV veKpov Xoveuv, 
 
 17. TavTa Si] etTToi^TO? avTou^ o KptTwv^ Eleu, €cf)r}, cu 
 ^(t)KpaT6<; ' TL he TovTOL<i T) efjboc eTTtcrreWet?, ?/ Trept to)u 
 TraiScov rj irept aXXov tov, 6 tl av aoi 7rocovvT€<; rj/jL€L<i; ev 
 n^aptTt fJiaXiaTa iroioljjbev ; Airep aec Xeyco, e(f)7]^ w J^pt- 
 Tcov^ ovSev KaiVOTepov * otl u/jlwv avTOiv eiriixeXovpievot, 
 Vfiec^, fcao ep-oc Kat roL<; ep.oc^ Kac vp^cv avT0L<; ev x^ipLTi 
 TroLTjaeTe cltt av TroLrJTe, kclv p,r) vvv op.oXoyj]<Tr}T€ • edv 
 8e vp.cbv fiev avTwv afjueXrJTe, Kat /it?/ 6eXr}Te, cocnrep KaT 
 oX^Vi Kara Ta vvv re eipr^p^eva Kai Ta ev tq) ep^irpoaOev 
 XpovM L^rjv, ovo eav nroXXa op,oKoyi]ar)Te ev tu> irapovTi Kac 
 O'(f)o8pa, ovSev irXeov TrotrjaeTe, 18. TavTa fiev tolvvv 
 7rpodup.7]d7](Top.e6a, €(j>7], ovTO) TTotelv ' OaTTTCOfjiev Se ere TLva 
 rpoTTov ; Oircof; av, ecf^rj, ^GvXrjaOe^ eavirep ye Xal3rjTe /xe, 
 Kai fjbrj efc(f)vy(0 vp,a<^. yeXaaa<^ Be ap,a rjav^Jly f^^^^ 7rpo<; 
 T^yLta? airo^Xey^a^^ elirev • Ov Treidoy, ec^rj, m avSpe<^. Kpc- 
 Tcova^ o)? eyoi eLp.L ol/to? o ^wKpaTrj^^ 6 vvvl 8iaXeyop.evo<i 
 Kac oiaTaTTCJv eicacTTOv tcov Xeyop,evcov, aXX oteTai p.e 
 CKCLVOV €LvaLy OV oy^6Tat oXtyov vaTepov veKpov, Kai epcoTa 
 Srj 7ra>9 p,e 6a7TT7]. otl Be eyco iraXat iroXvv Xoyov ire- 
 iroirjp.aL, co?, eTreibav irixo to <papp.aK0v, ovKeTL vp.LV Trapa- 
 fievco, aXX OLX^jcrojbLaL wtvlojv et? p^aKupwv oi] Tiva<j evoat- 
 ljL0VLa<i^ TavTa fioi Bokco avTO) aXXco^; Xeyecv, irapap^vdov 
 
108 The Death of Socrates, [Plato 
 
 fjLevo^ CLfxa fiev uyua?, afia B e/navrov. 19. ejyurjaaaOe 
 ovv fi€ TT^o? ApLTCova, €(f)r)^ TrjV evavnav e^^vnqv r] tjv ovto^ 
 Trpo^ TOf? SiKaara<; rjyyuaTo. ovto<; /jlcv jap r) fjLrjv irapa- 
 fjL6V€LV ' f/u-et? 8e rj /uurjv /jlj) TrapafieveLV ejjvriaacOe, eTvei' 
 hav airoOavcOy aWa oc^rjaeadac airiovra^ iva Kptrcov paov 
 <l>€pr), KUL /jlt] opojv fiov TO crw/jLa t] KaLofxevov rj KaropvTTo- 
 fjLevov ajavaKTy vrrep e/jiov ft)? Setva irua'^ouro^;^ /xrjBe Xeyjj 
 ev T7J ra(f)r]^ «? r) TrpoTideTat- ^coKparrj rj CKcfyepet "t] Karo^ 
 pvTTei,. €v yap cauL. f] o 09, Ct> apcare IVpLTwv^ ro fir) 
 /caXco? Xeyeiv ov fiovov ei^ avro tovto 7r\7]/jifj,e\€<;, aWa 
 fcac KaKov tl e/xTTotel rat? 'y^V'^al<^. aWa Oappelv re XP'^h 
 Kai <l>avai tov/iov aco/xa OairTeiv^ Kai OuTrreiv ouro)? ottoj? 
 ap aoi (f)LXov rj, Kai fxaXcara rjyTJ vo/jll/jlov elvai. 
 
 S80. 1 avT €L7ra)i> eKeivo<; jiev avLaraTO et? 0LK7]/jba tl co^ 
 \ovao/x€vo^, Kai KpuTwv eiTrero avro), ijfia^; 8 e/ceXeve 
 Trept/jLevetv. irepiepievofiev ovv 7rpo<; 7j/jLa<i avrov^ BtaXeyo- 
 jjLGvoi Trepi Twv eiprj/iiei'cov^ /cat avaaK07roupT6<;, tot6 8 av 
 TrepL Trj<^ ^vp<l)opa<^ SLe^covT6<;, bar) rjfjLLV yeyovvla enrj, are- 
 p^i^ft)? Tjyovfiei'OL Idairep Trarpo^ aTep7]6epT6<; Sta^etv opcfyavoc 
 Tov eireira (3lov. eireihrj Be eXovaaro, Kai, rjve'^OT] Trap 
 avTov ra iraiBia — Buo yap avro) fiet? apuKpoL r)aav, ei? 
 oe /xeya? — Kac at oiKetai yvvaiKe<^ u(pLKOvro^ eKeivai^ evav- 
 TLOv TOV KpiT(Dvo<; ^taXe^^f/? re koI €7n,areLXa<; arja 
 €/3ovXero, ra? u€V yvvatKa^ Kac ra TraiBca airievai e/ceXeu- 
 aev^ avTO<^ Be i-jKe Trap i"iixa<^. 
 
 2 fl . lial 7)1' tjBt) eyfyy? rjXiov BvajxCov ' y^povov yap tto- 
 Xvv OL€rpi'>p-ep evBov. eXOcov B eKaOe^ero XeXovfiepo^;, Kai ov 
 TToXX arra fxera Tavra BceXe'^f^Tj • Kat r)K€P rcop epBeKa 
 VTTTjpeTT)'^, Kat tTTw:; Trap avrop^ ' S2 ^a)KpaTe<;, e^?;, ov Kara- 
 yp<tiGop.ai aov OTrep a?\.Acop Karayiypoia-KQ), on fioi yaXe- 
 'Sraipovac Kat KarapcoVTai, eTveiBap avToa TraoayyeXXco 
 
 1 
 
PnAKDo] Th; Cup of Ilemhck. 109 
 
 TTtveiv TO (papfxaKOv, avay/ca^ovrcov twv up^ourcov, crj o 
 6'yct) Kat «A,A.&)? eyvwica ev rouro) tco ^porw yevvatoraTov 
 KOi irpaorarov Kat apiarov auhpa ovra ruiv TrcoTruTe Bevpo 
 aipCKO/jLevcoi' • kul or) Kat vvv ev olO on ovk €/j,ol yaXeirai- 
 P€i<s, yiyvoi(TK€L^ yap rov^ airLov^^ aXK eKeuvoi^;. vvu ovv^ 
 oiaOa yap a 7]Xdov uyyeWcov, %atpe re kul Tretpco co? paara 
 (pepeLV Ta avayKaca. Kat apua oaf<:pvcra<i pi€raaTpe<popievo<^ 
 a7rr)€i. ' 22. KaL 6 Sa)KpaT7j<i ava(3\e'^a<; Trpof; avrov^ lial 
 au, ecprj, 'y^aupe. Kau rip,eL<^ ravra wotrjaopev. Kat apa 7rpo<; 
 rj/jLa<i, /2? a(Tr€L0<^^ €<pVi o av6pcDiro<i • Kat irapa iravra /xot 
 TOP -^povov 7rpoar]€L, KaL SteXeyeio evtore, Kat rjv avhprov 
 Xft)0'T09, KaL vvv 0)9 y€vvaLQ)<; pue airoSaKpveL. aX\ aye 8r)^ 
 0) KpLTcov, irecdcopeda avicp^ KaL eveyKaro) tl<; to (pappaKOv^ 
 et TerptTTTaL • et Be pur), rpL^^aToy 6 av0pco7ro<;. 23. Kal 6 
 KpLTcov^ Aw olpLdL, €(f)rj^ cycoye w XwKpare^^ €tl tjXlov 
 eivat eiTL tol^ opeaL, Kat ovttw SeSvKevaL. Kal ap,a eyco olda 
 KaL aXXov^ ttuvv o-v/re TTtvovra^, eirethav TrapayyeXOrj av- 
 roL<i^ BeL7rv7]aavTa<i re kul Triovra'^ ev fiaXa. — aXXa pirjBev 
 eireLyov • ert yap ey^wpel. KaL 6 ^coKpaTr)<^, Elkotco<; y\ 
 €(f)r], CO ApLTCOv, cKeLvoL re ravra ttolovctlv, oy? av Xe'yet?, 
 OLOvraL yap KspBavelv ravra 7roii]aavre<;, KaL eycoye ravra 
 eLKorco<; ov iroLriaca • ovhev yap olpaL KepSaLveLV oXiyov 
 varepov ttlcov, aXXo ye tj yeXcora o^XijcreLv rrap epavro)^ 
 yXL^opevo'^ rov ^rjv, KaL <peLhopevo<^ ovhevo'^ erL evovro^. 
 aXX l6l, €(f)r}, ttlOov KaL /x?) aXXco^ iroLeL. 
 
 24. Kat 6 KpLrcDV a/rofcra? evevae ra> rraiBL TrXrjaiov 
 earcorL^ KaL o Trat? e^eXOcov, KaL av^^vov ')^povov SLarpLyjra^^ 
 r}Kev aycov rov /xeXXovra Bi8oV(U ro (pappaKov, ev kvXlkl 
 (pepovra rerpLfiiaevov ' locov oe o ZoiKparrj^; rov avupcoTrov, 
 Elev, ecpTj, o) /BeXrLare^ av yap rovrcov eiTLarv.fKov, rL ■)(pi] 
 iroLelv ; OvBev aXXo, ecpt], i] rrLovra irepLLevaL, eo)? av oov 
 
110 Tlie Death of Socrates. [Plato 
 
 ^dpo<^ 6V TOi^ aKeXecTL yevr/Tat, eTretra KaraKeiauat • Kat 
 ovTOi^ avTO TTOLrjaec. kul a/jua oope^e Tr]v KvXcKa to) ^w \ 
 KpuTec, \^^' fcal o? Xa/Scov, kol fxaXa CKecos, w ■£%€- 
 Kpare^^ ovhev rpeaa^, ovSe hia^Oetpa^ ovre rod '^pwfjuaro'i 
 ovT€ Tov irpoawTTov^ aXX cocnrep eicoOei, ravprjSov utto- 
 /SXe-x/ra? TT^o? TOP avOpcoirov, Tl \ey6c<;, €(f>7], rrepL rovSe rov 
 'jrofjuaro^ 7rpo<^ to airocnrelaai tlvl ; e^eariv, r} ov ; Toaov- 
 rov, €(p7], 0) XoiKpaTe<^, Tpi^o/uiev, oaov otofieOa fjuerptov elvai 
 TTtelv. Mavddvco, rj S' o<; • aW ev)(6a6al ye irov roU 
 6eol<^ e^earl re Kau 'Xprj, ttjv fieTOUKTjaLV Trjv evOevCe eicelae 
 6VTVY)] yeveaoat * a or] Kau eyco ev^o/juac re Kai yevoiro 
 ravTT] • Kol dfjia eiiroiv ravra, eTna'^ofiepo'; Kat fiaXa eu^e- 
 p(o<s Kac evKo\co<; e^eirce. 
 
 26. Kol TjfjLWV OL TToXXoi T€&)9 fjuev eirtecKw^i oloc re rjaav 
 Kareyeiv to purj haKpveiv • ft)9 ^e et^ofiev invovra re Kac 
 ireirwKoTa^ ovkctl^ aX\ efjLOV ye jSia Kat avrov uaraKTi, 
 ey^cDpec ra SaKpva, ware eyKaXvy^ajjievo'^ aireKXaiOV e/xavrov 
 ov yap Br] eKelvov ye, aXXa ttjv efiavrov jv^rjv, oiov avhpo<^ 
 eralpov e<TTepr]ixevo<^ eirjv. 6 Se KptTwv en irporepo^ 
 ejjLov, eireiZq ov^ olo^; t r]v Kare^etv ra BuKpva. e^avearr}. 
 ATToXXoBcopo^; Be Kat ev rw epbirpocrOev '^povw ovhev eirav- 
 ero BaKpvwv, Kat Br] Kat rare ava.^pv')(7](7aixevo<^ KXaicov 
 Kat ayavaKTcov ovoeva ovTiva ov KareKXaae tcov irapov- 
 rcDV^ irX-qv ye avrov ^WKparov^. eKelvov Se, Ola^ ^4^V-) 
 TTOietre, co uavfiaaiot. eyco fievrot ov^ rjKiara rovrov 
 eveKa ra? yvvalKa<^ aireirepL'^^a^ cva fiT] roiavra irXrjiJifie- 
 Xocev • KUL yap aKT]Koa, on ev ev(f)7]fiLa '^pr] reXevrav. 
 aXX 7j(TV')(^Lav re ayere Kai Kaprepelre. Kat 7]u€l<; ukov- 
 (Tavre<; r)a')(yv6r]iJLev re Kat, e7rea')(^o/jLev rov BaKpveiv. 
 [_^» O Be 7r€pteX6(i)v, erreiBr\ ol (BapvveaOai e(f)r} ra Ofce- 
 Xt]. KureKXiOrj vTTno'i • ovrw yap eKeXevev 6 dv6pciiiro<^ ' 
 
PiiAKDo.] The Death of Socrates. Ill 
 
 Kau a^xa e(paiTTO\ievo<^ (ivrov ovro^i o oov<i to (piipfiaKov, 
 hiaXiTTWv -^povov eirecTKOireL rov<; iroha^ kul ra aKeXr)^ 
 KaireiTa acpoSpa vrtecra? avrov rou rrroBa, j/pero ec aioOu- 
 
 VOLTO ' 6 S OUK 6<f)7J. KUL /JL€Ta TOVTO avOt^; TU? KV7l/ia<; • 
 
 teal eiravLcov ovrco^ t}fjuv avTOL<i eTreheLKVvro, on ^^vy^OiTo re 
 
 Koi TTTjyVVOCTO, KUL .aUTO? 7]7rT€TO, KttL ellTeV OTt, eireiBdV 
 
 7r/90? rrj KapBca yevqrat avro), rore ot^rjaerat. r/Sij ovu 
 ay^eSov TO avTov tjv ra irept to rjTpop -y^v^ofxeva, kui ek- 
 KaXv-^ajxevo^i, eveKeKokvTTTO ytip, elirev^ — b hi] TeXevTaiou 
 €(f)Oey^aTo, — '/2 KpLTcov^ ^^Vt '^^ AcrfcXrjTrLO) oc^eLXofiev 
 oXeKTpuGua • aX\ cnroBoTe Kau fjurj a/j.€X7]a7)T€. 28. AX\a 
 TaOra, ecfyrj^ eaTai, o KptTcov ' aXX opa, et tl aXXo Xeyei'^. 
 Tavra epofievou avrov ovoev en (iireKpivaTo, aXX oXiyov 
 '^povov SiaXLTTcov, €Kivi]67j T6 fcai avOpcDTTO^ e^EKaXvyjreu 
 avTov^ Kau b? tu ofM/jLara ecTTrjcrev • lBcov Se 6 KpLTWv ^vve- 
 Xa/Se TO aro/j^a t€ Kao tou? o(f)6aXfiov<;. 
 
 HSe 7] TeXevTTjy c5 E-^eicpare^^ tov eraipov 7]imv eyevero^ 
 avhpo<i^ co<i i]iJLei^ ^al[xev av^ tcov rore ojv eTreipaOrjpev apt- 
 
 (JTOV, Kai aXXcO^ (^pOVLIJiODTaTOV KClI BcKaLOTUTOV, 
 
HERODOTUS. 
 
 I. INVASION OF GREECE BY DARIUS. 
 
 1. Baaiki'C he Aapeiw a)<? e^rjyyeXdr) ^apSt^; d\ovaa<f 
 efMireTrprjadaL vtto re Adr]vatcop Kat Icovcov^ irpwra fiev 
 Xeyerai avrov, w? eirvOero ravra, Icovcov ovheva \oyov 
 TTOirjad/xevov, eipeaOac oiTLve^ elev oi Adrjvaioi, • fiera Be 
 TTuOofievov acrrjcrai to to^ov, Xa^ovra 8e kol eTnOevra 
 o'Caiov^ dvo) 69 Tov ovpavov arreivat, Kat, pnv e? rov rjepa 
 /SaWopra uTrelvy^fl Zeu, eKyeveaO au fioL AOrjval- 
 0U9 TLcraaOaL' ecTravra Be ravra Trpoaru^ai eve rwv 
 OepairovTwv, Benrvov irpoKeifjuevov avrcp, e? r^^? efcaarore 
 enrelv, Aecnrora^ fxefjiveo rcov A6r)vaicov. 
 
 2. Merd Be rovro aireireipdro o Aapelo<; rcov EWrjvwv^ 
 o Tt ev v6(p eyoiev^ Korepa TroXe/jLeeiv ecovro) r) irapaBLBovab 
 a(f)ea<; avrov<;. BceTrefjUTre tav Kr]pvKa<i, aX\ov<i aXXr) ra^a? 
 apd T7]v 'EXkdBa, KeXevcov aireecv jSacnXel' yrjv re kui, 
 vBcop. TovTov<; jiev Brj et? ttjv EXXaBa e7re/z.7re, aXXov<i Be 
 Kripvfca<; BceTrefiTre e« ra? ecovrov Baa/jiO<popov<; TroXta^ ra? 
 irapadaXaaatov;, KeXevcov vea<; re fiaKpa^ Kai iiriraywya 
 rrXola rroLeeaOai. 3. Ovrot re Br] irapeaKevatpvro ravra, 
 Kac rolai rjKovai e? rr]v EXXdBa icripv^L ttoXXol fxev rjrrei- 
 pcorewv eBoaav ra irpol'a^ero atrecov 6 TIepar]<;, rravre<s Be 
 VTjCTLcorai, e<? tou? aircKOiaro aLr7]aovre<i. oi re Br) aXXoi, 
 vr](Ti,(jL)rai BiBovai yrjv re kol vBwp Aapeto), Kat Br] Kat, 
 Aiyivrjrai. rroiriaaai Be acfic ravra i,6eco<; AOrjvaiOL eire- 
 /cearo, BoKeopre<i eirc (Kptai e^ovra<i tou? AlyLVTjraf; BeBco^ 
 
VI, 104.] Miltiades. 113 
 
 Kevai, 0)9 afxa tw Uepar) eiri <j<^ea<^ crrparevaivrat. Kav 
 aafiepoL Trpocpaaio^i eTreXa/Sovro, cf)oiTeovre<; re t? Tt/v 
 ^TTuprrjV KaTTjyopeov tcov AiytvrjTewv ra ireTroirifcoiev irpo- 
 ^oWe? TTyi' EXXuBa. 'Adrjvacocai fxev Btj 7roX€/io<i avpijTrro 
 irpo'i Ai'yLvriTa';. 
 
 4. 'O he Heparin to ecovrov eirotee^ uare avafiifivr]' 
 aKOUTO^ re atet rov 6epaiT0VT0<^ /xefivijaOac fiiv rwu AOrj- 
 vaccov, Kac YleLaLarparihewv irpoaKarrifjievwv kul Sca^aX- 
 XovTWv AOiivaiov^i a/xa Be ^ouXo/xepo^i o Aapelo<; ravTrj^ 
 eyofJLevo^ Trj^ '7rpo(f)aato<; Karaarpec^eaOaL ttJ? EXXaBo<^ 
 Tou? /LLT] Bovra^ avTU) '^r\v re Kac vBcop. MapBuviov fxev Bij 
 (f>Xavpo)<; Trpri^avra tm cttoXw TrapaXvec r/}? aTparr)yLr)<;^ 
 aXXov<i Be arpaTrjyov^ a7ro8e|'ttS urreaTeXXe ettl re Epe- 
 rpiav Koi A6r]va^.AaTLV re eovra MijBov yevo's^ Kac Apra- 
 <f)epuea rov Ap7a^epveo<^ TratBa^ aBe\(f)tBeou ecovrov • ev- 
 retXafjLevo<; Be uTreTrefiTre, e^ai^BparroBtaavra^ 'A6/ji'a^ koI 
 
 Eperpiav. ayayelv ecovro) ei? o^lnv ra avBpairoBa. 
 
 5. Xetpwaa/juevoi Be rrjv Eperpiav, kcu €ma')(ovre<; 
 oXLya<; ry/^epct?, eirXwov e<? ty)V AmKrjv, Karepyovre's re 
 TToXXoi^, KaL BoKtovre'^ ravra tou? A6r)vaiov<; rron^aeiv ra 
 KUL Tou? Eperpika^ eiroirjaav • Koi, rju yap 6 MapaOwv 
 eTTLTTjBecorarov ')((opLOV T17? ' ArTLKrj<; eviTTTrevaai, Kal dyyo- 
 raro) rrj'^ ^EperpLr)<;^ e? rovro o-(pL Kajrjyeero '/tttt/t;? 
 JJeiaiarparov. AOrjvauov Be ft)? eirvdovro ravra^ e/Sor'j- 
 veov KaL avroL e? rov MapaOwva. rjyov Be a^ea^ (Trparr}- 
 yoL Befca, rcov 6 BeKaro<; r}v MtXrcdBrj^;, rov rov rrarepa 
 Kificova rov ^rrjaayopew KareXa/Se (f)vyelv e^ ^ Adr)veo)V 
 TleLCTLarparov rov 'lirrroKpareof;. 6. ovro<; Br) o)V rdre 6 
 McXriaB7]<:; tjkcov eic rrj<; Xepaovriaov^ Kal e/CTre^euyo)? Bc- 
 rrXoov Oavarov, ear parriyee AOrjvaccov. afia fiev yap oc 
 'PotvLK€<; avTov OL emBiw^avre^ h'^XP^ IfMl3pov, rrepl rroX- 
 
I 
 
 114 Invasion of Greece hy Darfus. [Herod. 
 
 m 
 
 'Xqo tTTOtevvro Xa/Secu re /cal avayayelv Trapa ^aaiXla '^M 
 a/jta oe eKcpvyoura re toutov<;^ fcac uTrcKu/jbevov f? tijp ecou- n^ 
 Toy, hoK^ovra re eliac tu acorrjptr) r]hr)^ to evOevTev /xlv ol 
 e^upoL virohe^afievoL, Kao vtto StKaarijptoi^ avrou dyayovre'^, 
 eSico^av rvpavviho<^ Trj<; ev Xepaovi^aw. diro^vycov h\ /cal 
 TovTov<^y GT partly 0^ ohrco AOi^vaLwv uTreBe^dr], alpe6GL<i 
 
 VTTO TOV Br]/JbOV. 
 
 7, Kat Trpcora fiev, eovre^ eru ev tco acrrel', ol arpa-TT)- 
 yoL uTTOTre/jiTrovcn e? XTraprrju K7]pvKa ^eihiTTirihrjv, ^ AOrj^ 
 valov fxev avhpa^ aXkco<i 8e r^/uiepoBpo/jLov re fcai rovro fie- 
 \€TcovTa ' TO) Br] (^ft)? avTO<; re eXeye '^eiBcTrTriBrj'; kuI 
 
 A6rjvaL0Lcn aTrijyyeXke) Trepl to JJapOeviov oupo<; to virep 
 Teyerj'^ o JJav irepLTnTrrec. (Bwaavra Be Tovvopia rov ^et- 
 BtTTTrcBeco, TOV Uava Adrjvaloiai KeXevaat aTrayyelXat, 
 BiCTL ecovTov ovBepLLav eTTLfieXetav TTOLevvrai^ eovTo^ evvoov \ 
 
 AdyvacoLcn, kul TToWa')(r) yevo/xevov 7]Brj a^i '^prjaifiov, 
 TCI B ert Kol eoo/jievov. koI ravra fiev AdrjvaloL^ Kara- 
 aravTcov crcfytcrt ev rjBri rwv TrprjyjjLaTCJV, TnarevaavTef; elvat, 
 aKrjuea, copvaavro vtto tj) aKpoiroxi llavo<; ipov, kul avrov 
 ciTTO TavTr)<; T179 ayyeXtrj'^ BvairjaL eTreieijaL kul XajJuruBi 
 iXacTKOVTaL. §. Tore Be 7re/JL(j)6eL<i vtto tcov (JTpaTrjywv 
 ^eLBiTTTTLBr}'^ ovTo<^, oT€ iTep o'i €(f)r) Kat TOV Uava (^avrjvai^ 
 BevTepalo^ e/c tov ^ AOrjvalwv acrreo? rjv ev XirapTT], awiKo- 
 /iievo<; Be eirc tou9 op^ovTa^ eXeye ' ' fl Aa/ceBai/JLOvioL, A6r)- 
 vatoi vfiecov BeovTao a(f)Lat ^orjOrjaat, kul firj irepiLBelv 
 iToXiv ap-^aiOTarrjv ev Tolai EXXrjac BovXoavvr) TrepiTre-- 
 (Tovaav Trpo? avBpwv /SapiSdpcov • kol yap vvv Eperpia Te 
 rjvBpaiToBiarai,, kcll ttoXi Xoyificp rj 'EXXa<; yeyove aaOeve- 
 (TTeprj. O /iiev Br] a(f3i ra evreTaX/jieva dirriyyeXXe ' rolai' 
 oe eoBe puev porjOeeiv ^AOrjvaLocai, dBvvara Be o-(f)t r}v to 
 TrapavTLica iroteecv Tavra, ov ^ovXojxevoi.<jL Xveiv tov vojaov | 
 
VI., 108.] The Flatacans. 115 
 
 YjU '^/ap lara/xei^ov rov /jLtjuo^ etvuTrj, eLvaTrj Se ovic t^eXev- 
 ceaduL t<pacrav, /x/; ov 7rA.///9eo9 eoi>To<; rov kvkXov. ovrnt 
 fieu PUP Tiiv 7ravae\7]vov eixevov. 
 
 9. Tolao Be /SapfSapoLac KaT7}<yeeT0 ^iTrTnrj^ 6 Tleim- 
 crpaTOU e? top MapaOcoua, rfj^ iTapoi-)(OfJbeuri<^ vukto<; oy\riv 
 lBcdv €U rep vTTvcp 7017 jvBe ' eSoKee o iTTiruj's rrj /jbrjTpc rP} 
 icouTOV (TVvevvr}9rjuaL. avve/SaXeTO cou e/c rov opeipou, ku- 
 reXOcov e? ra^ Adr]va<; Kau avaacL)(Ta/i6vo<; ti]v api^/yt', reXeu- 
 TJ](J€LV €P rrj ecouTov <yqpaLo<^. €fc [xev Srj rrj^; o\lno^ ovve- 
 /JaXero ravra * 10. tot6 Be KaTr}>yeopi€vo<i^ tovto /xev ra 
 avSpuTToSa ra e^ EpeTpir)'^ wrre/Brjae e? rr]v vrjaov tjjv 
 Xrvpecov^ KoKeo fJLevrjv he AtyiXetav^ tovto Be KaTayoiJbeva^; 
 €? TOP MapaOcopa tu'^ vea<=; wpfJUL^e ofTO?, eK^aPTaq re e? 
 yvjp Tov^ l3apl3apov<^ Bteraaae. Kat oi TavTa BceTTOPTt 
 eirrfkOe irTapelp re Kac ^rj^at /ze^ot'O)? tj &)? eioOee^ ola Be ou 
 irpecr^VTeprp eoPTi tcop ohoPTcop ol 7r\evp€<; eaetovTO. tov- 
 TCDV COP eva tq)p oBoptcop eK^aWet vtto ^ltj^ ^^i^cl'^ ' eKire- 
 covTO^ Be e? tj]P -ylrufi/jLOP avrov^ eTTOieeTO ttoWtjp (TTrovBrjv 
 e^supecp. 6)9 oe ovk ecpacpeTo oi o obwp, apacTTepa^a^ eiire 
 TTpo^ Toy? irapaaTaTa<^ • H yrj rjBe ovk i^jjueTepj) eaTc, ovBe 
 [liP Bvvrjaopeda vTro-^etptrjp 7roir]aao6ai • okoctop Be tl [lot 
 fjiepo^; ixeTrjp, 6 oBcop [xeTeyei. IiT'm7]<; fxep Br] Tavrj] Tr]v 
 o^LP avpe^uXeTo e^eXojXvOepat. 
 
 11. AdrjpaLOLcn Be reTay/jbepoLcn ep Te/jbepel' HpaKKeo^ 
 eTTrjXOop ^07}6eopTe<; TIXaratee<i TrapBrjfjLet • Kac yap Kai 
 eBeBco/cecrap (T^ea<^ auTOU? rolat, ^Adrjpaiotai. ol UXaTaLee^;, 
 Kai TTovov^ VTrep avrcop oi AOrjpaloi, av'^P0v<^ tjdrj uvapau- 
 pearo • eBoaap Be ojBe. TTLe^opepoL viro Oij^accop oo UXa- 
 rateef; eBiBocrav 'jrpwTa TrapaTu^ovcTL KXeofiepeC re tm 
 Apa^apBpiBeco koI AaKeBacfjiOPtoicn a(f)€a<; avTou<;, ol Be ov 
 BeKo/juepoL eXeydv ocpL ruBe * 'Hfzel'^ jiep eKaaTepco re oiiceo- 
 
116 Invasion of Greece by Darius. [Herod. 
 
 1 
 
 lieVt Kav vjjuv TOir]he rt? f^LVOir av emicovpLr] '>^V')^pr] • 
 <p6aLr)T6 yap ai/ iroWaKi'^ e^ap^paTroScaOevTei; r] riva ^ 
 iTvdeaOai, rj/jLewv. GUfi^ovXevo/jLev Be vfilv hovvai vfiea<; 
 avroi)<; ^ AOijvaioLcn, TrXrjaiO'^copoiai, re avBpaat kul Tifjiw 
 peeiv eovcrc ov KaKOiai. ravra crvve^ovXevov ol AaKehai' 
 jiovLOL, ov Kara evvoiav ovtcd tojv UXaraiecov, co? jSovXo- 
 jievoL 7ov<i Adrjvatov^ ^X^^^ irovov^ avvearecoTa^ BoLcoroLa/,. 
 12. AaKeBai/jLoviot fiev vvv UXaraievcn ravra avve/SoU' 
 Xevov ' ol Se ovk '^Tnarrjaav, aXX AOrjvaiwv ipa iroLevv- 
 rcov rolac BvcoSeKa 6eolai, iKerai i^ofxevoi ein rov ^co/jl'ov 
 eSlBoaav a(j^ea<; avrov^. 6t]/3a2oL Be irvOo^evoL ravra 
 earparevovro eirl rov^ IIXaraLea<; ' ^AOrjvaioi Bt crept ejSor]' 
 Oeov. fieXXovrcov Be avvarrreiv /xaxv^i KopivOioc ov irepC' 
 elBov, iraparv^ovr€<; Be Kac KaraXXa^avr€<;, eTTLrpey^avrwv 
 a/uL(f)or€pcov^ ovptcrav rrjv ^^PV^ ^"^^ rocacBe, eav Sr)^ai- 
 ov<; Botcorcov rov<; /ht) jBovXofievov; e? Botcorov<; reXeeiv. 
 £3. KopivOioi /lev Br/ ravra dyvour e<^ airaXXacraovro • 'AOrj- 
 valotaL Be wmoixTi erreOriKavro BoicoroL, eTnOe/JievoL Be ecr- 
 acoOrjaav rrj fia'^rj. vrrep(3av7e^ Be oi A6r)vaiOi tou? ol 
 KopLvBiot e67]Kav TlXaratevai elvai ovpov<;, rovrov^ virep' 
 ^avre<; rov Aacairov avrov eiTon]Gavro ovpov Qrj^aLOLcri 
 77/30? UXaraiea^; elvai Kai 'Tata's. tBoaav fiev Br) ot TlXa- 
 raiee^ a(f)ea<; avrov<^ A6r}vatoicrt rporrco to) etprj/i^Kp, tjkov 
 Be Tore ev MapaOcova (3o7]6eovr€<^. 
 
 14. Tocat Be AOrjvatwv arparvyolai tjivovro Bi-^a at 
 yvcofiat' rcov fiev ovk eoivrwv av/ji^aXXeiv^ oXt<yov<; jap 
 eivat arpartr) rrj MriBo)v o-v/uLJSaXeLv, rcov Be Kat MtXrtuBeco 
 KeXevovKDV. to? Be Bf^a re ejtvovro^ Kat evtKa rj '^etpwv 
 rcov jvoy/jiecov^ evOavra (^tjv yap evBtKaro<; ylrijefytBoipopo^ o 
 Tro KvafKp Xay^oov AOrjvaicov iroXe/Jbap'^eetv^ ro iraXatov yap 
 Adr)vaiot ofjiO'^7](pov lov TroXe/jtap^ov eirotevvro rolat arpO' 
 
VI., 111. 1 The Polemarch Calllmachus. 117 
 
 TTiyolai^ rjv re rore 7To\€/jLap-y^o<^ KaWtfia-^o'^ 'A(f)L^uaLO<;) 
 TT/jo? TOVTOV eX6(ou Mi\,TL(iSr]<i eXeye rctSe ' 15. ^Ev aol 
 viiVy KaWifxaye, earu rj KaTaBouXcoo-ac A6i']va<^, t) eXevOe- 
 pa^ iron^aavra^ fjivjjfioavva Xtireadai, 69 tov airavTa avdpo)- 
 TTcov ^Lov^ ola ovSe ApfioSto^ re /cat ApiaToyetrcoi^ Xec- 
 TTovifC. vvv yap hq, e^ ov tyevovro AOrfvaloi, e? Kivhvvov 
 rj'covcri jJbeytaTov. fcat 7]v fiev ye vTroKv^coai rolai Mt'iBoiai, 
 BtSofcrai ra irelaoinaL jrapaSeBo/jbei^of, 'iTnrn] • rju he irepu- 
 yevi]Tai avrrj i] ttoX^?, olj] re ecrri irpwrr] to3v EXXrjvthwv 
 iroXicov yeveadai. ko)<; d>v 3// ravra ola re ecrrt yeueaOai, 
 Kai K(o<; 6? ere Ti rovroyv avT]Ket twv 7rp7]y/jLaT0)v to Kvpo<; 
 €^€LV, vifv ep-^ojjLat (ppaawv. rj/juecDV twv aTparrjycov, eovroiv 
 heica^ Bi'^a ywoviai at yvoipiaL^ twv pueu KeXevovrcov crvp^/Sa- 
 Xelv, ro)v he ov av/ji^aXelv. i]v pev vvv prj avpbjSiiXcDfiev, 
 eXTTopbal TLva aTacrtv p,eyaXr)v epLireaovaav SiaaecaeLv ra 
 A0r)vaLCOV (f)povrjpaTa Mcrre pL7j8t(jat ' rjv Se avpb^aXwpbev 
 Trpiv Ti Kai. aaOpov Adrjvatcov peTe^eTepoLcn eyyev^aOai^ 
 6e(ov Ta caa vepovTcov^ olot re eipuev TrepiyeveaOaL rr} avpb- 
 ^oXr). Tavra mv iravTa e? ere vvv Teivet Kat e/c aeo i^prr]- 
 rai ' r]v yap av yvwpr) ttj epbfi irpoaOf)^ ecTTt roi Trarpt? re 
 eXevOeprj Kat iroXi'^ irpcoTr) twv ev ttj ^EXXdSc, rjv 8e Tr]v 
 TWV aTToairevSovTwv ttjv av/jL(3oX7]V eXr}^ virap^eu toc rwi' 
 eyct) KaTeXe^a ayaOwv Ta evavTia. 10. Tavra Xeycoi^ o 
 MtXTLaBr}<i Trpocr/crarat rov KaXXcp.a'^ov. 7rpoayevop.ev7]<; 
 oe rov TToXepbap-^ov T17? yvwpr)<;, e/ceKvpwro crvp/SaXXeLV. 
 /jiera Be 01 arparrjyol rwv rj yvwpr] e(f)epe avp/SaXXecv, w? 
 eKuarov avrwv eyivero irpvravq'Cr] ttJ? 7]/j,€pT]<;, MlXtluBt] 
 irapeBiBoaav • Be BeKOpievo<; ov rl kw avp,l3oXr)v eTTOteero, 
 Trpiv ye orj avrov TrpvravijLrj eyevero. 
 
 l"?. fl<; Be €9 eKelvov ireptrjXOe^ evOavra Brj eraaaovro 
 coBe A6r)valoL co? avpb^aXiovre<;. rov piev Be^iov Kepeo<; 
 
118 Invasion of Greece hjj Darius. [Heuod. 
 
 rijeero 6 iroXejJiapyo^^ KaWLfxa'^o^ • o yap vo/jLO(; Tore ei^e 
 omay rolcn ' AOrjvaLOLai, tov TTo\efjiap')(ov ^x^^^ Ktpa^ to ^ 
 he^Lov. 7jy€oiJ,€vov Se tovjou, e^eS^KOVTO ft)<? 7jpi6fjitovTO al 
 (fivXal, IxPfjLevai oKXifKcov • Tekevraloi Be eTuaaovro, e^ov- 
 re? TO evwvvixov K€pa<i, ilXaTaL6€<;. airo ravrij^ yap acpL 
 T^9 fjbdxv^ -, Ovaia<; Adrjvaicov avayovrcov Kai iTavr]yvpia^ 
 Ta? ev rycTL TrepTaerrjpiac ycvofievaf;^ Karev^'^Tai o Krjpv^ 6 
 A6r]valo<;, ajxa re AOrjvaLOLat Xeycov yiveaOai ra ayaOa 
 KUL nXaraLevaL. rore Be, Tacraopbevwv tcov Adrjvaicov cv 
 rep MapaOwvL, eytvero TOLOvBe re • ro arparoireBov e^iaov- 
 fievov ra> M7]Blku> arpaT07r(:B(p^ ro /iiev avrov /neaov eyivero 
 tm ra^ta? oXtya^^ Kai ravrr) r)v aaOeveararov ro arparo- 
 rreBov, ro Be Kepa<; exarepov eppayro irXriOe'C. 1§. fl^ Be 
 o(f)L Bcererafcro^ Kat ra ac^ayia eyivero KoXa, evBavra a?? 
 a7rei6rjaav ou AOrjvaloL, Bpofxw cevro e? rov<; ^ap^apov^. 
 r]aav Be craBtOL ovk eXaaaoi>€<i ro /xerai^/^to^' avrcov rj 
 OKTO). oi Be Htpaai opeovre<^ Bpofio) e7novra<;, rrapecTKeva- 
 ^ovro «? Be^ofievoL' fiaviyv re rolai A6r]vaLoiai eTncpepou 
 Kai irayyy oXe6pi7]v, 6peovre<^ avrov; oXiyov<;, Kac rovrov^ 
 cpojjiw e7Tetyofievov(;^ ovre ittttov vwap^ovaT]'; acpc ovre ro- 
 ^evfiarcov. ravra fiev vvv oi ^ap/Sapot KarecKa^ov A6r]- 
 valot Be, erret re aOpoou rrpoaepn^av roLai ^apjBapoiait 
 ejjuaxpvro a^ico^ Xoyou. irpwrot fiev yap EXXtjvcov ivav- 
 rwv rcov iifiel^ iBfiev Bpofio) €9 7roXe/jLiov<; e^pv^^^TO, irpco- 
 roi Be avecrxovro eaOrjra re Mr)BtK7]v opeovr€<;, /cat, rov<i 
 avBpa^ ravrrjv ecrdrj/ievov; ' reft)? Be rjv rolai EXXrjcn Kai 
 ro ovvofia ro MriBcov cbojSo^ aKOvaai. 19. Ma^o/jievcov Be 
 ev ro) MapaOwvL xpovc; eyivero ttoXXo^. kol ro fiev fxe- 
 crov rov arparoireBov eviKcov oi /Sap^apot, rrj Tlepaai re 
 avrov Kai ZaKat erera^aro • Kara rovro fiev or] eviKcov oi 
 fiap^apot^ Kai. pi]^avre<; eBicoKou e? rrjv fieaoyaiav, ro Be 
 
VL, 117.] Battle of Marathon, 119 
 
 Kepa<i eKarepov evLKWv A6r]va2oL re Kat TIXaraLeeq. vikwv- 
 re? Se, to fiev rerpajjufjut^vov rwv ^apj^apoiv (pevyetv ewi/, 
 TOLcn Se TO /jbeaov pij^aac avrwv^ avvaynyovre'^ ra K^pea 
 a/j,(f)OT€pa, e/ma^ovTO Kac eviKWV AOrjvaloL. cj^evyovat Be 
 TolaL Ileparjat eiirovTO K0irT0vre<;, e<? b eTvi r-qv OaXaarrav 
 aiTLKOjjLevoi irvp re aureov Kat, eireKajjipavovTO rcou vewv. 
 20. Kal.rovTo /mev ev rovrw rco ttol'co o TroXe^ap^o? KaX' 
 \L/ia^o<; BcacpOciperat, aprjp yevo/jLeuo<; ayaOo^, airo 8" tdave 
 Tcov (TTparrjywv XTrjaiXeco^ o OpaauXeco • rouro Be Kvvl- 
 yeipo^ Evd>opL(ovo^^ epOaura eirLXa^oixevo<^ rcov acpXaarcov 
 veo<^ TTjV %etpa aTTOKoiret'^ ireXeKe'C Tmrrei, rovro Be aXXoc 
 ^A6r]vai(ov TToXXoL re kul ovvojJbaaTOL. 21. Etttu fieu Brj 
 rcov veoiv eireKparrjaav Tpoirw tolovto) AdijvaiOL, rrjat Be 
 XoLTrrjai ol ^ap/3apoc e^avaKpovaa/jievoL, Kac avaXa^ovre<^ 
 eK 'rrj<^ VJ]crov, ev rrj eXiiroVy ra e^ KperpL7)<^ avBparroBa, 
 rrepLeirXcoov Xovviov^ ^()vXo/jL€vol (f)dfjuac rou<i A6r]vaL0v<; 
 airiKOfievoi e? ro acrrv. amrj Be eaye ev AQr]vaioLcn e^ 
 
 AXKiiacwviBecov /uL7]'^ap7j<; avrov<; ravra eirLvorjOrjvaL • rov- 
 rov<^ yap, avvOefievov; rotai TleparjCTL^ avaBe^at acnrlBa 
 eovcTL rjBrj ev rrjat vrjuat. 22, ovroi jiev Br) TrepieirXcoov 
 SovvLOv, AOrjvaioi Be o)? ttoBcov et'^ov ra-y^icrra e^oijOeov 
 €? ro acrrv, Kai e(f)Or]aav re airiKOfJievoi Trplv rj rov<^ ^ap/Sa- 
 pov<; rjKetv, Kac earparoireBevaavro amyixevoi e^ 'HpaKXetov 
 rou ev Mapadcovt ev aXXw HpaKXeico rep ev Kvvoaapyel'. 
 OL Be ^apjSapoL ryai vrjval v7repaL(op7]6evre<; ^aXripov (^rov' 
 TO yap r]v einveiov rore rwv AOi^vaLWv^, vrrep rourov ava- 
 Kcoyevaavre^ Ta<^ vea^, aTrerrXwov oiricrco €9 rr/v Acnrjv. 
 
 23. Ev ravrrj rrj ev Mapa6(ovL yLt«%^ aTreOavov rdv 
 ^ap/Sapcov Kara e^aKLayLXL0V<i Kac rerpaKoaiov^i avBpa<i, 
 
 AurjvaLcov oe eKarov evevr]K0vra Kai duo. eireaov fiiv afM- 
 (porepcov rocrovroi • avvijveixe Be avroOi Ocov/xa yeveaOai 
 
120 March of Xerxes, [Herod, 
 
 TOiovhe ' ^AOijvalov avhpa Etti^tjXov tov Kovcf)a<yop€(o^ ev 
 ry avaTaai fxa'^oixevov re Kac avhpa ycvofievov a<ya6ov, rwv ^ 
 ofJbiJLaTcov areprjOfjvai, ovre ifkrj'yevTa ovhev rov crco/iaro? 
 0VT6 ^\7]6evTa, Kai to Xolttov Trj<^ ^orj^ BtareXteiv airo rov- 
 Tov Tov ypovov eovra rvcpXov. Xejetv 8e avrov r^Kovaa 
 Trepl TOV TTuOeof; roiovhe nva Xoyov, avhpa Oi ^OKeetv ottXl- 
 T?;!^ auTcarrjvat /xeyav, tov to yeveiov tyjv acTTTiha Traaav 
 CTKid^etv ' TO Be (f^aa/jba tovto ecovTOP /jl6v Trape^eXOelv^ tov 
 he eoiVTov TrapaaTaTrjv aTroKTelvaL. ravTa fiev Brj Etti^t]- 
 Xop eTTuOojJirjv Xeyeiv. 
 
 24. AaKehatfiovccov Be tjkov e? t<2? A6j]va<; 3io-^tXfOi 
 fiETu Tr]v TravaeXrjvov, e^oi^re? (TTTOvSjjv iroXXrjv KaTaXa^elv 
 ouTft), (OGTe TpiToioi €K ^7rapT7)<i eyevovTO ev tjj ^Attlkt], 
 vaTepoi Be aiTLKO/ievoc t?}? avfji^oXr]<;, i/jbetpovTo bfi(o<; dijij- 
 aaaOao rof? MtjBov^i • eX6ovTe<; Be 69 tov MapaOcova eOrjrj- 
 aavTO. fjbeTa Be, aiveovTe^ A0rjvaLOV<; fcat to epyop avTwv, 
 
 airaXXaaaovTO ottictco. 
 
 11. MARCH OF XERXES. — PREPARATIONS OF THE 
 
 GREEKS. 
 
 1. Eiret Be r) dyyeXirj ainiceTO Trept ttj^; /ia^?^? t?}? ev 
 MapaOcovi yevofiev7]<i Trapa /SaatXea Aapelov tov Tara- 
 (nreo<^, Kai irptv /juey aXco<^ Ke'^apaypLevov tolcfl A6r)vaL0L(Tt 
 Bid TTjV 6? Xaphi^i ea(3oX7]v, kul Brj Kac tot6 iroXXo) Te Bet'- 
 voTepa eiroiee, kul /jlolXXov copfir)TO (TTpaTeveaOai eirt Trjv 
 EXXaBa. KUL avTLKa fjuev eirrjyyeXXeTO 7refi7ro)V oyyeXou<f 
 KaTa TToXi^ eTotfia^etv cTTpaTtrjv, ttoXXq!) TrXeco eTTCToaacov 
 €Ka(TTOiaL 7) TTpoTepov Trapet'^ov, Kac vea<; Te Kai t7r7rov<^ 
 Kat atTOV icau irXola. tovtcov Be TreptayyeXXofMevcov^ ij 
 
VII., 22.] His vast Preparations. 121 
 
 AaLtj e8ope€TO eiTL rpca erea, KaraXeyofievcov re riov apl- 
 crojv o)? eTTfc rijv EWaSa arpaTevaoixevoiv^ kcll irapaaKava- 
 i^opueucdv. 5J. reTupTQi Se erel" AiyvTmoi vtto Kafi/3vcre(o 
 hovX(ii6evT6<^ aireaTTjaav airo Flepaecov. evdavra Bij koI 
 fjioXkov (opiJLriTO KUL eir a/jL(f)OT6pou<; arpareveaOac. XreX- 
 X0/J.6VOV Be Aapecou eir AtyvTrrov Kut, A6i]va<^y rwu TraiBcov 
 auTOu cFTaai's eyeveTO jxeyaXr] irepi tt]? //yeyCtoi^i?;?, o)? heeu 
 fxiv airoSe^avTa ^aaiXea Kara rov Tlepaeoiv vu/jLou ovtco 
 arpareveaOat. 'ATrohe^a<^ he ^aat.Xea UeparfaL Aapelo^ 
 ^ep^ea, cop/xrjro arpajeveadat. aXXa yap /juera ravra re 
 Kac Atyvirrov (iiroaraaLv rca varepcp erec irapacTKevaQop^e- 
 vov crvinjveL/ce auiov AapeuoVy ^aatXevaavTa ra rravra erea 
 e^ re /cat rptrj/coura, arroOavelv, ovBe ol e^eyevero ovre rov^ 
 aired re cor a<; AtyvTrrtov^ ovre A6i-jvaLov<; ri/xcoprjaaadaL. 
 aTTo6avovro<^ he Aapeuov i] /SaatXril'T] aveycoprjae e? rou 
 walha rov exetvou 'Btp^ea. 3. Kac He/of^;? . . evrt p,eu 
 reaaepa erea rrXripea irapapreero arparuiv re Kac ra irpoa- 
 (f)opa ry arpanr], TrefMTrro) he erel' avopevw earparrjXaree 
 X^i^P^ P'SyaXr) TrXrj^eo?. aroXcov yap rwv rjixel^ thfiev ttoX- 
 AW or] /jiey Lcrro<i ovro<^ eyevero. n yap ouk r\yaye €ac tt;? 
 AdiT]^ eOvo^ eiTL rijv EXXaha Hep^j]^ ; kolov he iTLVOfxevov 
 p,iv vhcop ovK eTTeXtrre, 7rX7]v rwv fxeyaXojv rrorapiiov ; ol 
 (lev yap i/ea? rrapec^ovro^ ol he e? ire^ov erera'^aro^ roiaL 
 he tTTTTo? TrpoaereraKro, rolat he lirTraycoya rrXoia aixa 
 arpareuo/jLevotcn, roiaL he e? tu? y€(f)vpa<; fiaKpa^ vea<^ 
 wape^eLV, rolcTL he alra re Kai vea<^. 4. KaL rovro /xev^ 
 o)? Trpoarrraicravrcov rcov irpwroiv TrepLirXwovrcov rrepi rov 
 Adcov, TTpoeroLfjua^ero e/c rpLcov erecov kov fiaXiara e? rov 
 A9o)v ' ev yap ^EXutovvrL rr]<i Xepaovrjaov cop/ieov rpLif- 
 Z^ee?, evOevrev he opiJceoiJievoi o)pvacrov vtto fiacrrtycov rravro^ 
 haTTol T^? arpaTcrj^, hiahoy^oL h ecpoLrcov ' copvaaov he Kai 
 
122 March of Xerxes. [Herod. 
 
 -m 
 
 
 ol irepl rov AOcov Karoi/crj/jLeuoL O yap AOco'^ eart ovpo<; 
 fieya re kol ovvofiaarov^ e? OaXaacrav KUTr^KOV, oLK7]/jiti>ov ^ 
 VTTO avOpoiiTwv. rfj he reXevra e? Tr)v rjiretpov to ovpo<i, 
 yepGovrjCToeLhe'; re Igti kol tcr^/U.09 «? hvcoSeKa araSicov, 
 TreSiov Be rovro kul koXcovoc ov /meyaXoc e/c 6aXaaar}<; 7rj<i 
 ^ AKavOiwv eiTL daXaaaav rrjv avitov Topoivr}^. 5. flpvcr- 
 crov he &)Se • hadajxevoL rov j^wpov ol /Sap^apoL Kara eOuea, 
 Kara ^avrju ttoXiv G')(Oivoreve<i iroiTjaafxevoi^ enreihr] ejwero 
 /SaOea rj hiwpv^^ ol fiev KarafTara ecrrecoTe? wpvaaov, ere- 
 poL he irapehLhoaav rov aLeL e^opvaaofievov yovv oXXolctl 
 KarvTTepde earecoaL eiri ^aOpwv, ol h av efcheKo/ievoL ere- 
 potaL, ew? aiTLKOvro €9 TOf? avwrarco, ovtol he e^ec^opeov 
 re kol e^e^aXXov. evdavra hrj XeLficov earL, Lva a(f)L ayopr] 
 re eylvero kol rrprjrripLov • <jIto<^ he (T(J)L ttoWc? 6(/)otTa eK 
 7^7? ^AaL7}<; aX7]X6o-/i€V0<^. 6. o)? /xev e/xe avpjSaXXofievov 
 evplaKeLV, pbey(iXo<^poavvr]^ eiveKev avro aep^7]<; cpvaaeiv 
 exeXeve, edeXcov re hvpa/xLv airoheLKvvaOaL kul /LiVTj/xoavva 
 \Lirea6aL * irapeov yap prjheva irovov Xa^ovra^ rov LaO/xov 
 Ta? vea(i hietpvaaL, opvcrcreLV eKeXeve hioopvx^a rrj OaXao-ajj, 
 €vpo<; tt>9 hvo rpLTipeaf; rrXweLv ofxov eXaarpevfJbeva<^. rolcri, 
 Be avroldL rovroLCL^ rolal rrep Kai to opvyfia, irpoo-ereraKro 
 Kol rov XrpvfJiova rrora/iov ^€v^avra<i ye(j)vpcoaaL. 
 
 7, Ev CO he OVTOL rov TrpoKei/iievov irovov epya^ovro, ev 
 rovro) 6 7refo9 aira^i avXXeXey/j.evo<; a/xa tte^f?; eiropevero 
 e? ^a'pSi?, eK KpiraWcov 6p/JL7j6eL<; rwv ev KaTTTrahoKLi] • 
 evOavra yap eLpr]To ovXXeyeaOaL rruvra rov Kar Tjireipov 
 peXXovra ap.a avro) aep^j] rropeveaOaL crrparov. uttlko- 
 IJievo<^ he €9 'XaphL'^^ irpcora /xev arreirepLTre KrjpvKa<; 69 r7]V 
 
 EXXaha aLrr\crovTa<^ yrjv re kul vhcop^ fcac rrpoepeovra^ 
 oelrrva fiaaLXel' rrapao Kevd^eLV. 
 
 8. M.eTa he raura irapeaKeva^ero cl)9 eXcov 69 A^vhov, 
 
VII., 36.] Bridge across the Hellespont. 123 
 
 OL he ev TOVTW rov K\\r]aiT0VT0v e^euyvvcrap €k t?)? ^ Aatrfi 
 €9 T7]V Evpo)7r7]v. €aTL Be T^9 XepaovT]aov t^<? eif ' EXXrja- 
 7roW<w, ^7}(TTov re itoXlo^; fxeTa^v kol MahvTOu, aKTrj 
 rprj-^ea e? Oakaaaav KarrjKovaa A/3v8(p Karavrcov. €<? 
 rauTTjv cov ti)v afCTJjv e^ A^vSov op/jLeo/jL€voc eyeipvpovv 
 Tolat TrpoaeiceeTO, ttjp pjev XevKoXivov ^oivLxef;, ttjv S ere- 
 prjv TTjV /Sv^Xcvrjv AiyvimoL. earc Be eirra araScoc e^ 
 
 Apuoov €9 TTJV uTravTLOv. KaL oi] e^evy/xevov rou iropov 
 e7riyevofjLevo<^ '^etficov iieya^i avve/co-y^e re evelva iravra kul 
 SteXvcre. 9. &}? 8' eTTvOero Heyo^?;?, Becva 7roLevfjLevo<;, rov 
 
 EXXr\G7rovTov eKeXevae TpLr}Koai,a<^ eirticeadaL puacriiyi ttXt)- 
 'ya?, KUL Karelvau e? to 7reXayo<; TreSecov ^evyo^. ijBr) Be 
 y'covaa, &)? Kat aTiyea<; a/xa Tourotat a'Tre7re[X'\\re ari^ov- 
 T<x? Tou EXXviaTToviov. evereXXero Bq oiv pa7rL^ovTa<i 
 XeyeLU I3ap0apa re kul aruadaXa ' * fl TTiKpov vBwp, BeaTro- 
 rrj^ rot Bcktjv einrLdcl rr]vBe, on fiiv iQBiKr)(Ta<; ovBev tt/jo? 
 eKeivou aBiKOv iraOoif. KaL ^aatXev^ fiev 'Bep^r)<^ Bia^Vjae' 
 rat, ere, tjv re av ye jBovXr] tjv re fir] • aoi Be Kara Blktjv 
 apa ovBeL<; avdpcoTrcov duel, &)<? eovrc BoXep^ re kul aXfivpu) 
 TTOTafiM. Tjjif re Bt] daXaacrav evereXXero rovrocac ^^/,ut- 
 ovp, KUL rwv eTrearecorwu rrj ^ev^t rov EXXr)a7rovrov airo- 
 rafielv ra'^ Ke^^aXw^. 10. Kat ot fiev raura eiroLeov, rolat 
 TrpocreKeero avrr) r] ayapu'^ rifxq, ra^ Be aXXoi ap-^tre/crove^ 
 e^evyvvaav. e^euyvuaav Be d>Be ' rrevrr^Kovrepovs Kat rpn]- 
 pea<^ avv6evre<i, — viro fiev rr)v Trpo? rov Ev^ecvov Flovrov 
 e^i]Kovra re kul rptyKoataf;, vtto Be rr)v erepiqv reaaepea- 
 Kaioeica Kat rpi.rfK0(Tta<i, rov fiev Tloif^ov e7rLicapcria<;, rov 
 06 EjXXrjaiTovrov Kara poov, iva (ivaxw^evrj rov rovov rcov 
 ottXcov, — crvvOevre^ Be ayKvpa'; KarrjKav 'rrepipi]K,ea^, ra<i 
 fiev Trpo? rov llovrou T779 er€p7]<i rcov avefi(ov etveKev rcov 
 eawOev eKTrveovrcov, tt)? Be e-^e/o?/? tt/^o? eajiept,'? le Kai, 
 
124 March of Xerxes, [Herod. 
 
 rov Alyalov evpov re koI votov eiveKev • Bie/cTrXoov Be viro- 
 (pavaiv KaTtXiTTov rwv TrevrTj/covrepcop Kat rpijjpewv rpiyoVy \ 
 fcW Kau e? Tov TlovTov e^rj 6 ^ovXofJievo^ irXweuv nrXoiotaL 
 Xeinolaiy koI etc tov TLovrov e^co. 11. ravra Be ttoltj- 
 (TavT€<^, Kareieivov ex J7]<i aTpe/3XovvT€<; ovotai ^vXivoiai ra 
 OTrXa, ovKejL %a)pt9 ifcarepa ra^avre^, aXXa Svo fiev XevKO- 
 xlvov hacrufievoL e? eKareprjv, reaaepa 8e twv /3vJ3Xlvcov. 
 ira'^vrr)^ fiev rjv rj aurr) Kau KaXXovT]^ Kara Xoyov Se 7]V 
 efju^pidearepa ra Xivea, tov raXavTov a Trrj^v^ elXKe. 
 eTrecSr) Be eye^vpwOrj 6 iropo^, Kopfiov; ^vXcov KaraTrpiaav- 
 re?, Kai 7roLr]aavTe'i L(70V<i Trj<; cr^eSi??? tq) evpel', Koa/iay 
 eTreTcdeaav KaTVirepde twv ottXcov tov tovov, 6evTe<i Be 
 €7re^rj<; evOavTa avTi<; erret^evyvvov. TTOLr}aavTe<s Be Tavra 
 vXrjv eire^oprjaav, Koafia) Be 6epTe<; kul t7]v v\7]v^ <yfjv 
 eTrec^oprjaav • KaTavu^avTe<; Be Kat ttjv yrji^^ (ppajfjuov ira- 
 petpvaav evOev kul evOev, Lva fjur) (^o^e-qTai tu viro^vyia 
 TTjv 6aXaaaav virepopwvTU kul at lttttol, 
 
 12. 'iTi? Be ra T6 Tcou yecfivpecou KaTeaKevacTTo kul to. 
 Trepl TOV AOcov, ol re ')^vtoo ire pi tu aTofiaTa Trj'i BLCi)pv^o<i 
 (oL T7J<i PVX^'^^ €LveK€v eiroLTjOrjo-av, iva /jlt) Trifjb'TrXrjTaL ra 
 CTOfiaTa TOV opfy/xaTO?), Kat avTJ) tf Btwpv^ 7ravTeXeo)<; 
 ireTrotTjfjLevr} rjjyeXXejo, evOavra ')(^et/.Leptaa<i^ afxa to) eapt 
 7rape<rKevaafjL€vo<; 6 arpaT0<^ etc twu XapBioov copfiaTO eXcov 
 €? AjBvBov. wppLTjiievw Be ol 6 r]\to^ eKXtircov ti]v €k tov 
 ovpavov eBprjv a(f)avr](; rjv^ ovt eirtve^eXodV eovTcov, ai6pt7]<^ 
 T6 TO, fjidXtcTTa, avTi rjp,epri<; re vv^ eyeveTO. cBovTt Be Kat 
 jjtaOovTt TovTO Tft) 'Sep^T) 67rt/xeXe9 eyeveTO, Kat etpeTO tov^ 
 Mayov<;^ to eOeXot Trpocpatvetv to (pacrfia. at Be ecfypa^ov, 
 0)9 EXXrjat TrpoBetKvvet o 6eo<^ eKXefyjrtv twv ttoXlcov, Xe- 
 yovTe<; 7]Xlov elvat EXXvvcov TrpoBeKTopa, aeXiqvrjv Be 
 atjiecov, Trvdofieuos Be Tavra 6 'Bep^T)^ iTept')(ap7]<^ ecov 
 
VII, 41.] Order of March from Sardls. 125 
 
 eiroLeero rt/v eXacnv. 13. ijyeouro 8e TrpCjroi /xev ol crKevo- 
 {popoc re KUL ra viroQuyia^ fxera oe tovjuu^ aiparo's ttui/- 
 Touov eOveoov avap,i^, ov hiaictKpLfievoL ' rp Be vTr6pT)/j,i<jee(i 
 rjaav, evOavra oLeXeXetTrro, koI ov avvepaayov ovtol (SaaL- 
 \e'L. TrpoTjyevvTO [lev 8rj tTTTroTat, -^iXcoi €k Uepacdiv -rrdv- 
 TCDV aTTokeXeyfJbevoi • //.era oe ai^fio^opob '^lX.lol^ kul ovtol 
 €i€ iravTwv airoXekeyijLevoL. ra? Xoj'^a'i kuto) e? r/yf y^/u 
 Tpey^avra • jiera he tpoL Nicracoi KaXev/xevot nriroL BeKU, 
 KeKoafiriiJievoL co<i KaXXtara. NcaaLOL Be KaXeovrau unrot 
 eTTL JovSe ' earc irehLov fieya rr}? Mr)BLKrj<i, ro) ovug/jlu eari 
 NlauLov. TOV<i (i)v Br} lttttov; tov^ /xeyaXoy? (pepet to rre- 
 Blov tovto. oTTiaOe Be tovtwv tcov Be^a cttttcou apfia zitovr 
 ipoi^ eTrerera/cTO, to litttoi fiev elXicov XevKOC o/ctq), oinaOe 
 Be rcdv iTTTTcov etTrero Tret^ij ■j]vlo-)(0'^ e^o/Ltei/o<? twv ^^aXivoji/ • 
 ovBeL<^ yap Bij em rovrou top Opovov avOpwTTwv ava/Saivei,. 
 tovtov Be oiriaOe avTO^ 'Bep^rj'i eir apiiaTO<^ lttttwu Nl- 
 aaccov • irapa/Se^jjfcee Be ol rivLO')(o<^^ rca ovvofMa i-jv Tlari' 
 pafi(f)7]<i, OTuveo) TraT? uvBpo<; Tlepaeo). 
 
 14. ^E^rjXaae fxev ovtq) eic XapBuov tiiep^r]^^ fiere/^/Sac- 
 veaice oe, o/co)? fiiv Xoyo<^ atpeot, etc rov apjiaTo^; e? ap/jLu- 
 fJLa^av, avTov Be OTriaOe af^ixo^opoi TTepaecov oi apiaTOc 
 re Kav yevvaioTaroi ')^lXlol, Kara vo/u-ov ra? Xoy^a^ e^oi'res", 
 fiera Be nriro^i aXXrj ')(^tXi7} €k Flepaecov uTroXeXey/xevT], 
 fiera Be rijv ittttov etc row Xolttwu TJepcrecov airoXeXeyiievoL 
 fjLvpLot. ovro^ Tre^o? jjP • Kai rovTwv '^lXiol fiev eiru rocac 
 BovpacTL avTL rwv cravpcort'ipcov poLa<^ el^ov '^pvaea^;^ kol 
 irepL^ avveKXrjLov rov<^ aXXov<;, ol Be eLva/cLa^LXioL euro^; 
 rovTcov eoi^re? apyvpea'^ poLci'^ ^^%oi/. €l)(^op Be ^pucrea? 
 poLa<; KaL ol et? rrjv yrjv rpuTTOvre'; ra? ^oyp^^a?, kul firjXa 
 OL ayyj,<Tra errofxevoL aep^rj. ro7(Tt Be fivpLOLcri, eirereraKTO 
 iTTTTo? Uepaecov pLvpLTj. fiera Be rr]v lttttov BLeXeXeLirro 
 
126 March of Xerxes. [Herod. 
 
 Kai ovo (jraoiov;, Km eireirev o Aot7ro<i ofJuXof; 7]L6 ava/XL^. 
 15. uTTCKO/jLeuov Be rov arparov eiri rov Xfcufiavhpov^ o?^ 
 7rp(OTo<; TTora/jiMv, eirei re etc XapoLoov opixrjOevre^ eire'^etprj- 
 aav TTj oSco, eireXtTre to peeOpov^ ou8 aire^^^prjae rf) arparir) 
 re Koi rolat KTrjveai TTLVofievo'^ ' eirc tovtov Bi] rov TTora/xov 
 €0? aTTiKero Bep^r)<i^ e? to Uptaixov Tlepyafiou dve/Si], tfjuepov 
 eyjjdv OrjrjaaaOai. 07]7]aa/jLevo<; Se, Kav TrvOo/nevo^; eKeivcov 
 eKacTTa, rrj AOr/vatT] rrj IXulBl eOuae ^ov'^ 'yi\ta<;^ %0""> Be 
 ol MayoL Toicrt rjpcocn e^yeavro. ravra Be Troirjaa/jbevoiaL 
 vuKro<i (f)6l3o(; e? to crparoTreBov eveireae. aiia rj/iepr) Be 
 erropevero evOevrev. 
 
 16. ETret B eyevovTO ev ^A^vBqj, rjdeXrjcre He/)^^? iBe- 
 aOai iravra tov arparov. Kai TrpoeTreiroiTjro yap ettl 
 KoXwvov e7rcr7]Be<; avroi ravTT) irpoe^eBprj XWov Xeuf^ov 
 (eiTOLTjaav Be A/SuBtjvol evreCXajjievov nrporepov ^aacXeo^Y 
 evOavra «? i^ero^ Karopcov eiri T779 rfiovo<^ edrjetro Kat rov 
 Tretpv Kai Ta? vea^;. Orjev/jbevo^ Be i/uLepOrj rcov vecov afiiX- 
 \av yivopbev7}v iBeoOat. eirei B eyevero re Kai eviKcov 
 ^0LVLKe<^ ^cBcovLOL, TjaOr) re rrj d/jLcXXr} Kai rfj arparij]. 
 /2? Be ct)pa iravra fiev rov EXXrjarrrovrov vtto rwv vecov 
 a7roK€Kpv/jL/uL6vov, TTaaa^i Be ra<i aKra<; Kai ra A^vBrjvcov 
 TreBia eTnirXea avOpwirwv, evOavra aep^rj^ ecovrov e/iaKa- 
 ptae, fiera Be rovro eBaicpvae. 1 7. /xaOoiv Be jjllv Apra- 
 ^avo<i o irarpw^ — 09 to nrpforov yv(t)fxr]v aireBe^aro eXev- 
 6ep(o<^, ov avfi/SovXevcov aep^r) arparevecrOaL eiru ri]v EX- 
 XaBa — oi'To? o)vi]p ^paa6€L^ 'EtpPea Bafcpucravra, eupero 
 raBe ' *n ^a(TiXev^ w? rroXXov aXXiiXcov fcey(opt.a/ubeva epyd- 
 aao vvv re Kat oXtycp Trporepov • fiafcapiaa^; yap aecovrov 
 BaKpvei^;. 6 Be eiire ' EarjXOe yap fie Xoytad/nevnv Karoi- 
 Kretpai^ 0)9 (3pa'yv<^ eirj 6 ira^ avOpwrrivo^^ ^io^, ei rovrcov 
 ye eovrcov roaovrcov ovBec'^ 69 eKaroarov ero<i rrepiearai. 
 
VII., 54.] Crossing the Hellespont 127 
 
 he ufiei/Sero Xeycov • Erepa rovrov irapa tiji/ ^otjv ire- 
 ^ovOafiev OLKrporepa, ev yap ovtco /3pa)(^el' jSuo ouSei? 
 OVTO) apdpci)7ro<i ecov evSau/jLcov TTecpvKCy ovre toutoju ovre 
 70)1/ aWcov, rep ov TrapaaTrjaerai, vroXXa/ct?, kul ovkl aira^^ 
 TeOvavai ^ovXeaOac /xaWop t] ^(d€lv. au re yap avficfiopal 
 irpoaTrLTTTOvaaL, Kau at vovaoL avvrapaaaovaac, kul ^pa^vi/ 
 eovra fiaKpov Bok€€Lv elvau iroievGL rov /3lou, ovtco 6 fitv 
 6apa7o<i, fio-^Oripri^ eovcrr]<; tt/? ^or]<;^ KaTa(f)vyrj aipeTwraTT) 
 Ta> av6pu>7r(p yeyove • o Se Oeo'^, yXvKuv y€vaa<; tov acayva, 
 <f>6ov6po<; eif avTct) evpLaicerai ecou. ^tp^rj^ Be u/jiet/SeTO 
 Xeycov • AprajSave, ^corrj^ jiev vvv uv6p(07r7]'i7](; rrepc, tov- 
 0"77? roLavr7]<; OLr]v irep gv OLaipeeaL etvai^ Travaco/xeua, /xijoe 
 KUKwv p.€/iveo}fie6a, j^^prjaia e^ovre^ irpiiyfiaTa ev yepat. 
 
 18. Kat ApT(ii3ai'oi> a7rocrTetA.a9 e? Xovaa^ hevrepa fie- 
 T67re/x-v|raTO ^ep^ir^ Tlepaeayv tov<; Bokl/j-cotutov*; • eirei Be 
 OL Trapyjaav, eXeye acpi TaBe ' '/2 Uepcrat, twuB eyw ufiewv 
 ^pr)l'^(ov auveXe^a, avBpa<; re yuveaOai ay aOov^^ Kat fii] 
 KaTaia')(yveLv ra irpoaQe epyaajieva Ueparjcn, eovra fjieyaXa 
 re Kai iroXXov a^ca, aXX et? re 6/caaT0<; Kat oi avfiTrapre^; 
 irpoOufjLLTjV e^cDfjLev • ^vvou yap rovro nracri ayaOov Girev' 
 oerac. rcovBe Be eiuetcev irpoaynpevo) av7e)(e(j6ai rov iroXe- 
 fiov €vrerafievo)<^ • &j<? yap eyw TrvvOavo/iai^ eir avBpa<; 
 arparevofietfa ayauov<^, rwv rjv Kpar7](jwixev, ov /ult] tz? ijp.Lu 
 aXXo<i arparo<=; avnarr] Kore avOpcoiTcov. vvv Be BLaSaivo)- 
 fiev^ eTrev^afievoi, rolat Oeolai ol TlepacBa yrjv XeXoy^acri. 
 
 19. Tavrr)v fjuev ri]v rj/jLeprju rrapeaKeva^ovro e? rr]v Bta- 
 ^aaiv, rr) Be varepatr] avep^evov rov tjXlov e6eXovre<i cBeadac 
 uvca^ovra, Ov/jLirj/jLara re iravrola eiro roiv ye(f)vp€cov Kara- 
 yc^ovre^ kol fivpalvrjai aropvvvre<; rr)v oBov. oj? B' eirave- 
 reXXe 6 rfXto^i^ airevBoiv eK ^pfcrer;? <j)LaXr)^ i:i€p^7]<; e? rtjv 
 OaXaaaav, ev-^^ero rrpo<i rov rjXcov /JL7]Be/jLtav ol avvrv^irjv 
 
128 March of Xerxes. [Heuoi 
 
 (D, 
 
 
 33. 
 
 roiavrrjv yevecrOai^ r/ jjiiv iravcrei Karaarpeyp^aaOac tt) 
 Evp(viT7]v, TTfjoTcpou 7] eiTL Tepfxaab Tolat €K6iP7]<; fyev7)rai 
 ev^apuevo^ he eae/SaXe rijv (pLuXrjv e^ top EWTjairovTOv ko 
 '^pvaeov KpTjTTjpa Kau Uepancov ^L(po(;, lov ciKtvaKTjv KaXe 
 ovcTL. ravja ov/c e^co arpeice(jd<^ hiaKplvai, ovre ei rep iiXtd 
 avaTi6eL<i KarPjfce e? to TreXayo^;, ovre et fxeTe/jieX7]a€ oi roi 
 EXXrjaTrouTOU fiaarcywaavTi Kai avrv tovtcov t7]v OaXaa- 
 aap eScopeero. 20. 12^ he tuvtu ol eTreTroiijro, hie^aLvoi 
 Kara puev rijv ereprjv TOip yecj^upecov rqv Trpo? rov Tlovrov c 
 Tre^o? re kuc ij ltttto's airaaa, Kara 8e ttjv irpo^ to Acyaloi 
 T6i vTTO^vyia Kat rj OepaTrrjl'r). i/yeovTo Be irpcoTa /lep ot 
 fivpLOL Uepaai^ 6(7T€<pavo)fif:voL TTavT€<^y pL€Ta he TovTov; ci f 
 av/jLp.LfCTO<i aTpaTO<i rravTOLOiv eOvewv. TavTrjv /xeu ti]i 
 Tj/jieprjv ovtol, ttj he vaiepatrj rrpwTOi puev oi re LTTTTOTaL Kai\ 
 01 Ta? Xoy')(^a^ kuto) TpdrrovTe<s • ecrTe(f)avo)PTO he kul ovtol ' 
 
 flETU he 01, T€ LTTTTOL OL LpOL KUL TO CCp/ia TO LpOV^ eTTL Sfi 
 
 avTo<; re 'Bep^r](; kul ol aLy^po(^opoL kul ol LinroTaL ol '^bXioLy 
 eiTL he TOVTOLGL uXXo^ (TTparo?. KUL aL vee<i apia avri- 
 yovTo e? TYjV cnrevavTcov. rjhrj he i-jKovaa kql vaTaTOv 
 hLa(3rjijaL ^aaLXea iravTcov. 21. Hep^?;? he eireL re hie/ST] 
 6? T^p EvpwTTTjp. eOrjeLTO TOP (jTpaTOP V7T0 pbacTTLywp hLa- 
 ^Baipopra. hLe/B?] he 6 aTpaTO'i avTov ev eTrra 7]p,epr}(TL kol 
 ep eiTTa evcfypovrjaL, eXLPv<ja<; ovhtpa '^popov. epOavTa Xe- 
 yeTaL, 'Bep^eco rjhr) hLa^e^rjKOTO's top EXXtjCTttoptop^ aphpa 
 CLTTCLP EXXrjauoPTLOP ' * fl Zev, tl h)] apBpL €Lho/jLei'G<i 
 TIepar) kul ovpopa apTL Zlio? Bep^ea Oepiepo^i, apuaTarop 
 TYjP EXXaha e6tXeL<; TTOLrjaaL^ aywp TraVra? ap6pco7rou<; ; 
 Kai yap apev tovtcop e^rjp tol rroLeeLP TavTa. 
 
 22. O he pavTLKO<; e^co top * EXX^ctttoptop TrXoicop irapa 
 yrjP eKOfiL^eTO, Ta epiiraXLV 7rpr]aa(op tov ire^ov. 'O he 
 AopL<jKo<i etJTL TTy? 0p7]l'Krj<; aLyLaXo<i re kul irehlop pLeya, 
 
IL, loo.j Nimihering the Forces. 120 
 
 \La Be avTov peeu 7roTa/jio<; fieya^ E(3po<;. eZo^e uv to* 
 ep^Tj %w/?09 elvai eTrLrijSeof; evhiara^ai re kcll e^aptO/xr}- 
 rat Tov arparov, kul eiroiee ravra. ra? /xev Sr) via^ ra? 
 Taaa<; aTrc/co/jieva^i e? ZloptaKov oi vavap-^ot, K6\evaavTo<i 
 Bep^eco 69 TOV atyiaXou tov irpoae-^^^ea AoplaKM eKo/jLiaav. 
 i3. Be ev tco Aopccr/co) tovtov tov '^povov tt]^ aTpaTiij^; 
 \jpLd/xov eiTOteeTO. ' Oaov p,ev vuv kicaaTOL irapel-^ov TrX-q- 
 9f09 apidjJLOv^ ovK e^cD elirai to aTpeKe<^ (ov yap XeycTat 
 npo^ ovBa/uLcov avOpoiirwv^, au/jL7ravTo<; Be tov aTpaTov tov 
 Tre^ov TO 7r\rj6o<; e(f>av7j ef3BofiT]KOVTa Kac eKaTov pLvpuiBe*^. 
 €^t]pLOfir]aav Be TovBe tov Tpoirov • GvvayayovTe<^ €9 eva 
 ^(fopov fxvpiaBa avdpcoTTcov^ Kat crvvva^avTe^ TavTrjv &)9 /ua- 
 kiaTa el-^ov, irepieypa^y^av e^wOev kvkXov, Treptypu-y^avTe^ 
 Be fcaL a7rei/T69 tol'9 fivpiov^, aL[jia(TLi]v Trepte^aXov KaTu tov 
 kvkXov^ l'Y'09 avi]Kovaav avopv €9 tov ofMcpaXov. Tavirjv 
 Be TTOLrjaavTe^;, aXXov<; eae^i/3a^ov 69 to TrepLOtKoBo/iiTjfievov, 
 U'e^pL ov iravTa'^ tovtw tw Tpoirco e^rjpiO/jLTjcrav. apiOfiJj- 
 u-avTe^; Be fcaTa eOvea BteTaaaov, 
 
 24. Hepf779 Se, eireu r]pL6iJbrfir) re kol BLeTa-^Or) 6 CTpa- 
 ro9, e7redv/Jir]cre avTo^ a(^ea^ Bie^eXa(7a<^ 6r]rjcraa6at. fieTu 
 Be eirotee TavTa, Kat, Bte^eXavvcov eirl apfxaTO<^ irapa t6vo<i 
 zv e/caaTov eirvvOaveTO, Kac aireypacpov ot ypafipLaTia-Tai, 
 :aJ9 6^ ea'^uTWV 69 eayoLTa aiziKeTO^ Kau Trj<; lttttov Kai tov 
 Tre^ov. 6)9 Be TavTa oi, eireiroirjTO, tcov vewv KaTeXKvaOei- 
 Tecov 69 OaXacraav, evOavTa 6 aep^rj^;, /jLeTefc^a<; etc tov ap- 
 uaT0<i 69 vea ^cBcovltjv, i^eTO viro crKrjvrj '^pvaerj Kai irape- 
 rrXwe irapa Ta<i 7rp(opa<i tcov vewv, erreipcoTcov re enacTa^ 
 o/jLolo)<; 0)9 Kat, tov Tre^ov, Kai a7roypa(j)o/jLevo<i. Ta9 ^e i^ea9 
 3t vavapyoi avayayovTe<i oaov re Tecraepa irXeupa airo tov 
 iiyiaXov aveKMy^^evov, Ta<^ 7rp(opa<; 69 yrjv TpeyjravTe^i iravref; 
 >jLeT(07rr]Bov, Kat, e^oTrXiaavTe^i tov^ eiri^aTa^i 0)9 69 iroXe' 
 
130 March of Xerxes, [Hekod. , 
 
 fi 
 
 fxov. o S ez^TO? Tcju Trpqypecop ttXcocov eOrjecTO kul tov '. 
 aiytaXov, '^i 
 
 25. Pt6p^f]<; Se e/c tov AopicrKov eiropevero eirt ti]v ^EX- ■ 
 XaSa, TOf? Be acet yivo/jLei/ov^ e/jLTToScop avGrpareveaOai 
 7]vuyKa^6» OL Be viroBeKoiievoL EWtjvcov tt/i' aTpaTtrjv koI 
 hei7rvi^ovTe<; ^ep^ea e? 'irav kukov aTTiKaro, ohrco ware ava- 
 aTttTot 6K Tcou oiKLcov eycvoPTo ' OKOV ye Saaioiac inrep raw 
 ev TT) rjTreipw ttoXicov twp cr^erepwv Be^a/mevoLcn rr]v 'Bep- 
 ^€0) arpaTcrjv Kai BetirvtaacrL, AvriTrarpof; o Opyeo<; apai- 
 pr)fi€vo<;^ Tcov aarcou avrfp hotctfio^ o/JLola rco fiaXtara, dire' 
 Se^e €9 TO Belirvov TerpaKoaia raXavra upyvptov rereXe- 
 afxeva. 26. evOa Stj MeyaKpeovro^ avhpo'^ A/SSrjpLreo) 
 eTTo? ev etprj/jLei'ov eyevero, 09 crvve^ovXevae A^hrjpLTrjcn 
 TravBrj/juec avTov<; Kai yvvatKa<; eX6dvTa<; e? ra aSerepa Ipa 
 i^eaOai LKera<i rwv Oecov^ TrapaLTeopLevov? Kau to Xolttop 
 a(f)i aTrajuLvvecp twp eirtovTcop kukcop tu 7jpLLaea, rcop re 7ra- 
 pOL')(^ofM€PO}p e'yeip a(j)i pLeyaXrjp '^apip, on PaauXev^; aep^rj^ 
 ov St9 eKLiarri^ i]pL€prj<; epopaae oItop aipeeaOai • 'Trape')(eLP 
 yap CLP A(BBr}pLT7)aL^ ei Kau apicTTOP TrpoeiprjTO ojiola tw 
 oeiTTPM irapaaKevd^etp, r] fir] vTrop,epeiP 'Eep^ea eTTLOpra, 
 r] KaTapbeLvaPTa<; KaKicTTa irapTcop apdpcoircop Bcarpi^Tjpai. 
 2 '7. Ot, fiep Sr) TTce^ofiepoL 6/ua)9 to emTaaaopiepop eneTe- 
 Xeop. aep^7)<i Be ck T779 AkuvOov ePTetXapuepo'; Tolai arpa- 
 TrjyoLcn top puvtckop GTpaTOP vTTOfiepeiP ep Sep pur), airrjKe 
 air ecovToO tu^ P6a<; iropeveaOat, [SeppbT] he Ty ep tm 
 ©epfiatfp KoXiTcp oiK7]pbeP7]y air r]^ fcal 6 koXtto^ ovto^ 
 Ti]v €TT(ovvpiL7)p e-^Ef^ TavTTj yap eTTVpOdpero avPTopbWTaTOP 
 euvai. 
 
 28. O piep Brj irepL Iliepcrjp BieTpi^e 7]/jLepa(; a-v^pd^;. ol 
 Oe 07) KTipvKe^; ol diroiTepb(^6ePTe<; €9 Tr]p 'EXXdha eirl yrj<; 
 aLTTjcTLP aiTLKaTO, OL fjuep K6IP0C, ol Be (j>ep0PTe<; yrjp re Kai 
 
yil, 139.] Demand of Earth and Water. 131 
 
 vBcop. Tcov Se hovrcdv ravra eyevovro otSe, OecrcraXoc, 
 AoXoire^, Aivirjve^., UeppaL(SuL, AoKpot, Mwyvrjre'^., MrfKiee^^ 
 * AyaiOL OL ^dcrJTac, Kau &7j/3aLOi, kuc ol uWol BocwTot irXijV 
 0€cnTi€(ou re Kac IIXaTatecou. eirt roviooat ol KX\r]ve<; 
 era/jLOV opKiov ot ra> ^apjBapw TroXefxov aeLpapuevoi. to he 
 opKiov wSe el^e • ' Oaoi, roi Uepar) ehocrav o-cpea^; avrovi 
 "EXXTjVE'i eoVre?, fjbr) dvayKaaOevre^, KaraaTavTcof a(f>c ev 
 TCOV TrprjyfMarcov^ toutov<; SefcaTevaat tco ev AeXcpOLcrc Oew. 
 TO fiev St] opKLOv coSe et^e tooctc EXXrjac. 29. e? oe 
 ^ A6i]va<; Kol XirdpTriv ov/c tt7re7re//,i/re aep^rj^; eirt yrj^ atTTj- 
 <TLV K7]pvKa<; TcovSe etveKev • irpoTepov Aapeiov Treyu.'v^a^'To? 
 eir avTo touto, ol puev avTwv tou? aLreovTa^ e? to /Sapa- 
 Opov, ol B 69 (f)p6ap eal3aXopT€<^, e/ceXevov <yrjv re Kac vScop 
 €K TOUTCov (f)€peLv TTapu /SaaLXea, tovtcov /nev etveKev ovk 
 €ire/jLylr€ aep^rj'^ tou? acTTjaovTa^;. o tl he Tolat A6r}vai' 
 otai Tavra irotriaacrL tov^ KrjpvKa^ o-vvr]vecKe aveOeXrjTov 
 yevecrdac, ovk e^co elTrat^ irXrjv otl (npewv r) X^PV '^^^ V 
 TTO/Vt? ehrfLOiOrj. aXXa touto ou hca tuvttjv ttjv ultltjv 
 BoKEQ) yeveo-Qac. 
 
 30. H he CTpaTrfXaaor) r) ^a(TLXeo<; ovvofia pLev et^y^e o)? 
 CTT Adrjva^ eXavveLy KUTieTO he e? iraaav ttjv 'EXXaha. 
 TTvvOavopevoL he TavTa Trpo ttoXXov^ oc EXXrjve^ ovk ev 
 opoLw TTavTe^ eTTOtevvTO • ol pbev yap avTwv SoWe? yrjv re 
 KaL vhcop TO) TIepcrr] ei^^ov 6apao<;^ ft)? ovhev iretcro/ievot. 
 a-)(^ap(, 7rpo<; tov ^ap/Sdpov • oi he ov hovTe^; ev heLpan fie- 
 yaXcp KaTecTTacrav, cite ovTe vewv eovcrecov ev ttj EXXahi, 
 apiOpov a^Lop.a'^oyv heKeaOuL tov eirtovTa^ ouTe ^ovXofievwv 
 T03V TToXXwv avTciTTTeaOat TOV TToXepov, p.T]hL^ovTQ)v he irpo- 
 OvjjLw^. 31. evOavTa avayKaLrj e^epyopac yvcjprjv airohe- 
 ^aadat e7n,<^6ovov jnev Trpo? tcov irXeovwv avOpwircov, o/uo)? 
 Se, Trj y epol (palveTat elvat aXrjOe<;, ovk eiTLa-)(r^a(i). ei 
 
132 Preparations of the Greeks. [Herod. 
 
 A67]va2oi KaTappwZr]aai>r6<; rov einovra klvZvvov e^ekLirov 
 T7]v acpereprjv, rj nai fjLJ) 6/c\i7rovT€<; aXka fi6LvavT6<i eSoaav^ 
 a(f)€a<; avrovs ^Bep^rj^ Kara rr)v OaXaacav ovhapLot av eirec- 
 pciivro avTL€v/iievoL iSaatXel'. eo roivvv Kara ttjv Oakaaaav 
 /jL7]86c<; rjVTCovro 'Bep^r), Kara ye av ttjv rjireipov roidSe eye- 
 V6TO ' €L Kat, iToWoL T6L')(^e(jov KiOodve^ 7]aav 6X7]\a/jL€V0L Blu 
 Tov lad/jLov TLeXoTTOvviqaLOLai, irpohoOevre^ av AaKeEai/xo- 
 VLOL VTTo Tcov (TVpL/xa^cDv ovK EKOVTCov^ aX}C viT uvayfcai7]<^^ 
 Kara ttoXl^ aXLaKOfievcov viro rov vavrtKOu arparov rov 
 /3ap/3apou, €fjbovvw6i]aav, /jiovvo)d€vre<; Be av Kat, airohe^d- 
 fjuevoi epya fieyaXa arrtOavov yevvaLw<^. 32. tj ravra av 
 eiraOov^ y irpo rov 6peovre<^ av Kau rovs aXXov^ EWr}va<f 
 IJi7)Si^ovra<^, OfioXoyiT) av e'^prjaavro rrpo^ aep^ea. koI 
 ohrw av eir apL<^6repa rj EX\a<; eyivero viro Uepaijai, 
 rr]v yap w<^eXir}v r7)v rwv reiykcov rcov Sea rov laBfiov 
 eXrjXafievcov ov hvvaiiai irvOeadaL r]7i<; av r]v^ /3a(TiA,to? 
 eiriKpareovro^ t?}? OaXaaarj^. vvv Be A6r)vacov<; av Ti<? 
 Xeycov acojrjpa^ yeveaOai rr]<; EXXaSo<i ovk av dfjuapravoi, 
 raXrjueo^; * ovrot yap em OKorepa rcov 7rpr)y/.iarwv erpa- 
 TTOvro^ ravra pe^eiv e/xeXXe. eXopbevoi he rrjv EXXdSa 
 rrepieivai eXevOcprjv, rovro to EXXtjvlkov irav ro Xoirrov^ 
 oaov fJbT) efirptae^ avroi ovroi tjaav oi e7reyecpavre<;, fcao 
 PaatXea fiera ye Oeov^ avwaapuevoi. ovBe a(^ea<^ '^prjarr]- 
 pia ^ojSepa eXOovra efc AeXc^oiv Kai €9 Beupba ^aXovra 
 eireiae eKXtirelv rrjV EXXaSa^ aXXa Kara^iecvavre'^ ave- 
 a^ovro rov einovra eiri rr)v ')(^(opr/V Be^aaOat. 
 
 33. Tleix^^ravre^ yap ol ^ AOrjvaloi e? AeXcpov^ 6eo- 
 TrpoTTOv^ '^prjCrrrjpia^eaOai rjaav erot/Jboi. Kat, acj^i Trotr]- 
 aaat, irepi ro ipov ra vofju^ofjueva, co? e? ro fxeyapov taeX- 
 6ovre<i L^ovro^ '^pa ?; Ilvdci], ry ovvopua tjv ApcarovUr], 
 TaBe • 
 
YlL, 141.] Delphic Oracles. 133 
 
 SI fieXeoL, Ti Kadrjau€ ; Xlttcov (f)€vy eayara yaL7]<; 
 Aoifiara Kat 7ro\io<i rpo'^oeiSeo^ ciKpa Kuprjva. 
 Oure yap rj Ke(f>aXr) fxeuet efiirehov^ ovre ro acoixa^ 
 OuT6 TToSe? vearoL^ out cov %e/De9, out€ tl fjLeaarj'^ 
 AeLirerai, aX\ al'SrjXa TreXet. Kara yap fjnv epecTrei, » 
 Uvp re Kau o^v<i ApT]<;, ^vpirjyevef! apfia Blcvkwp. 
 IloXXa Be KaXX airoXel Trvpyay/Jbara^ kov to gov olov • 
 TloXXovi S' aOavdrwv vr}ov<i fxaXepco irvpu Bwaet,, 
 01 TTOV vvv ISpcoTC peovfjuEVOL earrjKaac, 
 Aet/jLarc iraXXofievoL, Kara B aKpoTaroL<^ opo^otcrt, 10 
 
 Aljxa fieXav Ke^vrat, irpo'CBov KaKOTrjTO<; avdyKa<;. 
 AXX LTov e^ aBuTOLO, Ka/colf; B eirLKiBvare Ovfjbov. 
 
 34. Tavra aKovcravTe<^, ot twv AOrjvaLWV Oeoirpoiroi ctv/jl- 
 (f)op7} rrj fjLeyiaTT) e')(^peovTO. irpo^aXXovaL Be cr(f)ea<; avTou^ 
 viTo 70V KaKOv Tov Ke^pTjafjuepov, Tificoif 6 AvBpo^ovXov^ 
 rcov AeX(f)(ov avi^p BoKCfio^; ofjLola ray fiaXLaTa, avve^ovXeve 
 cr(f)L iKerripia^; Xa^ovai Bevrepa avrc^ eXOovra^; '^paadac 
 TO) '^pT](7T7]pla) CO? iK€ra<;. TreLdofievocat Be ravra rolao 
 AOrjvaLOLcri, Kat Xeyouai • * flpa^^ '^prjcrov r]fuv a/juecvov tl 
 irepL T77? irarplBo'^^ aLBea6eL<i ra? iK€TT}pLa<; TaaBe Ta^ tol 
 rjKo/iev (f)epovTe<i • rj ov tol airLfxev €k tov uBvtov, aXX 
 avTOv TTjBe fjLeveo/jL€u, ear hv kcll TeXevTricrcofjiev 35, Tavra 
 Be XeyovcTL rj 7rp6fMavrL'=i '^pa Bevrepa rciBe • 
 
 Ov Bvvarai UaXXa^ At OXvimttlov e^iXaaaaOaLy 
 Aiaaofievr) TroXXolaL XoyoL<; Kai ixi^tlBl rrvKvfj. 
 Sol Be roB avri^ eVo? epeco, aBufMavrL rreXaaaa^. 
 Toiv aXXwv yap dXLaKOfievwv^ baa K€Kpo7ro<; ovpo^ 
 Evro^ e^eL KevdfKov re KLdaLpQ)vo<; i^aOeoio, 6 
 
 Tel'^o^ TpLToyevel ^vXivov BlBoI evpvoira Zev<; 
 Movvov d7rdpdr)rov reXeOeLV, ro ere reKva r ovrjaei. 
 Mr}Be (TV y Lmrocrvv7)v re fiepetv KaL ire^ov lovra 
 TIoXXov air r^rreLpov arparov ^cru^o?, aXX vTroywpetv 
 
134 Preparations of the Greeks. [Heroi>.J 
 
 Nct)TOV I'mcrrp^'y^a'^ ' ert rot Kore Kavno^ ecrcrrj. 
 ^fl Oelrj Ha\afiL<;, aTToXet? Be av reKva fyvvaLKOiv 
 *'JB. iTov aKihva/jLevr]^ Arj/JbriTepos rj ovvLovarj<i. 
 
 36. Tavra (T<f)L r^iriwrepa ^yap rwv irpOTepcov Kai r]V kclI 
 eSoKee elvai, crvyypay^ap^evoi aTraWaaaovro e? ra? AOrjva*;. 
 CO? Be a7re\6ovTe<; ol OeoTrpoTTov a7rr]y<yeWov e? rov Brj/iov, 
 yvco/juai, kov aWac ttoWul eytvovro Bi^rj/jievcov to fiavrrfLov, 
 KCLL alBe avvecnrjKvlaL /jLoXiara • rcoi; Trpea^vrepcov eXeyop 
 fxere^erepoi BoKeeuv a(^t rov 6eov rrjv aKpoiroXiv '^prjaat 
 rrepieaeadaL ' rj yap aKpo7ro\L<i ro rraXaL rcop ^AOrjvewv 
 pVX^ €'JT€(f)paKro. 01 fiev Brj Kara rov (ppay/nov avve/SaX' 
 \ovro rovro ro ^vKlvov rel'^o'^ elvai ' oi B av eXeyov ra^ 
 j/ea? crrjfiaiveLV rov Oeov^ Kac ravTa<; TrapapreeaOai CKiXevov 
 ra aXXa airevra^;. rov<; cov Brj ra? i^ea? Xeyovra<; elvau ro 
 ^vXivov rel'^o<; eacpaXXe ra Bvo ra reXevrala prjOevra utto 
 rrj^ Tlvdlrj^^ 
 
 n 6et7j XaXafii<i^ a7r6Xe2<; Be av reKva yvvaiKwv 
 H TTov <TKtBva/juevr)<i ^rjfjLjjrepo^i rj avvtovar}^. 
 
 Kara ravra ra errea (TVve')(eovro ai yvcojjLai rcov (pafjuevcov 
 Ta9 V€a<: TO ^vXivov ret^o^ elvai. ol yap '^(pTja/jboXoyoi, 
 ravrr) ravra eXa/j^^avov, to? «/^0t ^aXafiiva Bel cr^ea? 
 eaacodrjvai vavfia'^trjv 7rapaaKevaaafjLevov<;. 
 
 37. * Hv Be rwv Tf? AOrjvatcov avrjp 69 Trpcorovf; vecoarl 
 Trapicov, ra> ovvo/na fiev r)v 0e/JLta-roKXe7)<;, rral^ Be NeoKX€o<; 
 eKaXeero. oi/to? (ovrjp ovk e(f)7) rrav opOw^ rov<i ')(^pr)(T jmoXo- 
 yov<^ avfi^aXXeadac, Xeycov roiaBe • et e? AOr]vai,ov<; e?^6 
 ro 67ro9 etprj/ievov eovrw<;^ ovk av ovrco /jliv BoKeeiv y7rlco<; 
 '^prjcrOrjvac, aXXa o)Be, * fl a-yerXvr] SaXa/M<i, avrl rov 12 
 6eL7) XaXajjbL^i, ec rrep ye efieXXov ol OLK7]rope<; a/jLcf)^ avrrj 
 reXevrrjaeiv. aXXa yap 69 tol'9 7roX€/j,iov<i ra> 6eu> elprjadat 
 
VIL, 145.] Counsel of Themistocles. 135 
 
 TO '^pr](TTriptov crvWa/Jb/SavovTi Kara ro opOov, aW ovk €<? 
 Ad7]vaLov<;. TrapaaKeva^eadat mv avTov<i w? vav/xayTjaoV' 
 ra<i avve/SovXeve, «? tovtov €ovTo<i tov ^vXivou reiyeof;. 
 TavTT] ©€fiiaTOK\eo<; a7ro(f)aLvo/j.evov, Adrjvalot ravra atpc 
 eyvcoaav aLperwrepa elvat [xaXkov rj ra tc^v y^prja fioXoydiv ^ 
 Lb ov/c ecov vavfJLa')(^L7]V apreeaOai, ro Be avfjuirav eivai ovhe 
 '^elpa<^ avraeLpeadac, aX\a eickiirovTa<^ '^(opr]v ti]v Attikjju 
 aWrjv TLva ocKi^etv. 38. Ereprj re ©e/jnaroKXel' jvco/jlt) 
 CfiTrpoaOe ravTrjf; e? Kaipov rjpccTTeuae, ore AOrjvaiocat 
 yevo/JLevcov '^prj/naTcov /jteyaXayv ev rco kolvoj^ ra €k rCdv 
 fieraXXwv acf)L TrpocrrjXOe twv utto Aavpeiov^ epLeXXov Xa^€' 
 aOai op-^Tjhov e/cacTo? heKa Bpa'^ixa'i. Tore ©e/xicTTOKXerj'; 
 aveyucoae AOr]vatou<^^ t>}9 Scatpecno'^ TavTr)<i iravaaiievovs^ 
 vea^ TOVTcov rwv '^prjjbLaTcov TTOiriaaaOaL 8i7)Kocna<; e? rou 
 TToXefiov^ TOV irpo's Aiyivr]Ta<^ Xeywv. ovto<; yap o 7roXefjLO<; 
 avcrTa<; eawcre rore tijv EXXaSa^ uvayKaaa'^ OaXaaaiov^ 
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 39. Ta fjuev Bq y^prjcrrripLa ravra rolai ^ AOrjvaiOLav eye- 
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136 The Pass of Thermopylae, [Hekod. 
 
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 heivoiv eTTCovTcov Ofioico^ Traat EW7]crc. 
 
 III. THE PASS OF THERMOPYLAE. 
 
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VII., 179.] DescripUon of the Pass. ]o7 
 
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138 The Pass of Thermopylae, [Hkrod. 
 
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Vli., 191.] The Help of Boreas. 139 
 
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140 The Pass of Thermopylae. [Herod. 
 
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VU., 200.] The TracJunian Plain. 141 
 
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142 The Pass of Thermopylae. [Herod. 
 
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 (f)vXa/{7J,^ vir AOrjvatcov re (ppovpeofievTj kul ALyLvrjrecov Kai 
 rcov €9 rov vavriKov arparov rax^^vrcov^ kuu a<f)L clt) heLvov 
 ovhev ' ov yap Oeov eivat r^ov errLovra errL rrjv EXXaha, 
 aXX avOpwrrov • elvaL he dvrjrcv ovheva ovhe eaeaOuL^ rca 
 KaKOv e^ (J-PXV^ yivofxevw ov avvepjlyOrj, rolaL he /aeyiaroiai, 
 avrcov /uueyLara' ocl)€LXeiv cov Kai rov eireXavi'Ovra, &)9 €ovra< 
 uvTjTov^ aiTo T'»79 ho^i]^ TTecrelv av. Ol he ravra rrvvOavo- 
 fMevoL ejBorfieov 69 ri]V Tpjry^va. 2®. TovrocaL rjaav piev 
 
VII., 206.] Leonldas and the Three Hundred. 143 
 
 VVV /cat aWoi arpaTTjyoi, Karii TroXLa^; eKuarwv * o Sc Bcov- 
 'i fia^o/jL^i'O'i /jLoXcaTa, kul iravro'i tov aTpaTeu/xaTO<i ijy^o- 
 fievo^, AaKehaLfJbovLO'i rju A€covLSr]<; 6 Ava^avhpiheQi ruv 
 AeovTO<i TOV EvpuKpariSea) tov Ava^dvhpov tov Evpv- 
 KpaTeo'^ TOV UoXvhciipov tov A\Ka/j,ep€o<i tov Tr]Xei<Xov 
 TOV Ap)(^eX€(D TOV HyrjacXecj tov Aopvaaov tov yleaj/3co- 
 T€&) TOV E^eaTpaTov tov Hycof; tov Evpvadeveo^; tov 
 ApicrToBr]ijLOV tov ' ApiaTOfia^ov tov KXeohaiov tov TXXov 
 TOV HpaKXeo^;, KTT^aa/jLevo^; ttjv /SaatXrjl'ijv ev ^TrapTrj e^ 
 a7rpo(TSoKr]TOV. 21. hi^dv yap oi eovTwv irpea^vTepwv 
 aheXf^ewvy KXeo/jLev€o<i re Kat, Acopceo^;, aireXrjXaTo Tr]<i <j)pov- 
 TiSo? irept T?5? /SaatXTjiT]^. aTro6avovTO<^ Se KX€Ofxev€o<; 
 airaiho^ epaeuo<^ yovov, Acopceo^ re ovketl €Ovto<;, aXXa 
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 ! ave/SuLve tj ^aaiXrjl'r], Kat Blotc irpoTepof; eyeyovee KXeo/jb- 
 ^poTOV fovTO<; yup 7]v u€(joTaTo<; Aua^avSpLSeo) Trat?), /cat 
 h)j Kac et^e KXeo/jLei>eo^ OvyaTepa. b? TOTe rjCe e? ©ep/io- 
 TTuXa?, eTTLXe^npLevo'i avhpa<^ re tou? /carecrTeajra? TpirjKo- 
 <jLov<s, K.ai Tolat ervy^^avov TralBe'i €oi'Te<i. 22, irapaXa^oiv 
 Se aiTLiceTo kuo Gr]^atcov tov^ e? tov apiO/jiou \oyiaa/jL6vo<; 
 ^LTTov, TU)v eaTpaTiiyee AeovTiahri<^ 6 Evpv/jia^ov. TOvSe 
 
 de 6LV6K6U TOUTOU? (TTTOvBriV eTTOCrjaaTO A€COPl87]<; /jL0VV0V<; 
 
 EXXr]vcov TrapaXa/Selv, otl a^ewv /Lte-yaXco? KaTrjyoprjTO 
 fMri^L^eLv. TTapeKoXee cjv e? tov iroXejiov, eOeXwv eihevau 
 eue (TV/jLTre/jiylrovcn etre kul airepeovo-t €k tov €f.i(f)aveo<; ttju 
 EWrjvcov av/jUfia')(^L7)v • ol Be aXXo(^poveovTe<; eirepuvov, 
 23. TovTov<; fxev tov? afi^L AecovLBijv Trpcorou? aireirepi^av 
 ^TTapTLrJTac, Lva toutou? opwvTe^; ol aXXot avfxiJLa'^oi aTpa- 
 TQvcovTai^ fjL7)Se Kol ovTOL /jirjhiacoat, tjv avTOv^ irvvOavwvTai 
 VTrep^aXXofxevov'^ • yLtera Se. Kapveta yap a(f)C rjv €/jL7Taocoi>^ 
 €/jLcX\ov 6pTuaavT€'i, KOL (fyvXaKw^ \L7rouT€<; ev tJ] ^TrapTj), 
 
1 
 
 144 The Pass of Thermopylae. [Herod. 
 
 KaTCL Tayo^ ^07]Qr\Geiv iravhrjixeL o)? oe Kau ov Xolitol rcov 
 (7Vfi/Jid')(^u)p evevcovTo Kau avroc hrepa roLavra TTOLriaeiv • yju > 
 yap fcara twvto 0Xvfjb7na<; rovroicTt rotcro TrprjjfiaaL av/j,- 
 ireaovaa. ovk wv 8o/<:eovT€<; Kara Tayo<; ohrco hiaKpiOr]- 
 aeaOac rov ev ©epfiOTrvXTjao iroXe^oVy eireiiiTov rov<i irpo- 
 Bpofiov<;. 
 
 24. OvTOL fiev St] ovrw StevevcovTO ironqaeiv * oi he ev 
 ©6p/JL07rvX7]aL ' EXXrjve'^, eTreiSr) TreXa? eyevero ttj^ eG(3oXrj<^ 
 IIeparj<;, KajappcoBeovre'^ e/SovXevovro nrepi airaXXayrj^;. 
 Tolai fjLtv vvv aXXocai TleXoiTovvr)cnoi<ji eBoKee, eXdovac e<? 
 Il€Xo'TTOvv7]aov ^ Tov laO/xov ey^eiv ev (jivXaKfj • AecovcSr]<; Se, 
 ^(OKecDv Kau AoKpwv irepLGirepyeovTwv tjj yvcofir) ravrrj, 
 avTov re fieveiv e'^ri^i^ero, Trefxireiv re ayyeXov<; 6? Ta<; 
 TToXca^ KeXevovTa<s acpt ein^orjOeeiv^ o)? eovrcov avrwv oXl" 
 ywv crrparov tov MtjScov aXe^aadat. 25. Tavra /SouXeuo- 
 fievcov (7(f)ecov^ eTrefXTre 'Bep^rj's KaracfKOTTOv vmrea, iheaOat 
 OKoaoL re eicrt Kat o ri iroieoLev. rjKijKoee Se^ ere ecov ev 
 ©eoraaXtr), a>9 rfXiafievrf eirj ravrT} arparcr) oXcyrj^ Kac rou? 
 7jy€fiova<^ &)? eiTjaav AaKeSai/jiovioi, re Kai AecovcBrj^; ecov 
 yevo<; ^Jf/oa/cXeiS?;?. g)? Se rrpoariXaae o LiT7rev<; 7rpo<; to 
 arparoTreSov, eOrjelro re Kat Karwpa rrav fxev ov ro crrpa- 
 roireSov * tou? yap eaco rerayfievov^ rov ret^eo^;, ro avop- 
 6(jjaavre<; el'^ov ev (f)vXaK7J[, ovk ola re rfv KanheaOai • o he 
 rov^ e^co efiavOave, rolac rrpo rov rev^eo<; ra birXa eKeero. 
 ervyov he rovrov rov y^povov AaKehaifioviot e^(o reray/ievot. 
 TOV? fiev hr] lopa yv/iva^ofievov^ rwv avSpwv, rof? Be t«? 
 KOfjia<; Krev/.^ofxevov;, ravra Br] 6rjeviievo<^ edcovfia^e^ Kai ro 
 7rX7]6o<; €/jLav6ave. fiaOcov Be iravra arpeKew^^ a7n]Xavve 
 OTTLdoy Kar rjav^Lrjv • ovre yap rL<; eBicoKe, aXoyLr]<; re Ckv- 
 prjae 7roXXrj<; • aireXOcov Be eXeye rrpo<; 'Bep^ea ra rrep 
 OTTcoTree iravra. 26. afcovcov Be P,ep^r]^ ovk 6t^e crvfx/Sa-' 
 
Vil, 210.] First AUack of the Medes. 145 
 
 \eo9at TO eoi/, on irapaaKevnt^oivTO <W9 (nroXevfjievoi re /col 
 ' aTToXeouTe^ Kara Bwci/jllv • aX\ avroj yeXola yap ^(paLuovjo 
 TTOieeLV, /jLeTeTre/jLyjraro ArjfjiaprjTOv tov Apcarayuo^;^ euvra ev 
 TU) arparoTreOfp. aTTiKOfJievov he /jllv eiptDra 'Eep^rji; eKaara 
 TOVTCOV. eOeXwv /juadetu to Trocev/ievov 7rpo<^ twv Aa/cehai/jLo- 
 VLCov. 6 he elire • HKovaa<; fieu fxev Koi TrpoTepov^ evT6 
 wpixWjjLev eirc ti]v EXXdoa, wepc tcov avSpcou tovtcov • 
 a/coua-a<; Be jeXcoTa fie eOev XejovTa ttj irep copcou eK/Sr]- 
 (TO/jLeva TrprjjfxaTa TavTa. efioi yap tj]v aXrjOeorjv aaKeeiv 
 avTta aev^ co /SaacXeu^ aywv iie<yiaTO<i eaTL. clkovctov Be 
 Kat vvv. 27. OL avBp€<; ovtol airiKaTai fia^eao/xevoL yfilu 
 irepL T^9 eaoBov^ Kat tuvtu 7rapaaKeva^(WTat. vofxo<i yap 
 <T<f)L ovTo) e^cov ecTTC ' eireau /xeXXcoai, KivBvveveLv tt) "yjrv^^Tj^ 
 Tore ra? KecpaXw; KoafxeovTai. eirtdTaao be, ei tovtovs Te 
 Kat TO vTrofievov ev XirapTr] KaTaoTpey^eai^ eaTL ovBeu aXXo 
 €6vo<; avBpoiTTCDv TO (76, jSaacXev, viroixeveet '^elpa^; avTaei- 
 pofxevov ' vvu yap tTjOO? ^aa-iXrjl'rjv Te fcaXXiaTtju tcov ev 
 EXXrjat 7rpoa(f)epeat, Kau avBpa<^ apcaTOv^. KapTa re Br] 
 UTTcaTa i^^p^T) ecjyaiveTo tu Xeyofieva elvac, kol BevTepa 
 CTrecpcDTa, ovTtva Tpoirov ToaovTOt eovTe^; tt) ecouTov aTpa- 
 Tir] fia-^eaovTai. o Be elire • '/2 ^aacXev^ e/xot, '^paaOac 
 to? avBpu y^evaTTj, rjv firj TavTa tol Tavrrj efc^p, tjj eyco 
 Xeyco. Tavia Xeycov ovk eirecOe tov aep^ea. 
 
 28. Teaaepa<i fiev Brj Trape^rjtce 7]fiepa<;, eXiri^cov auet 
 G<^ea^ a7roBpi](7ea6aL. Tre/HTTTT] Be, co? ovk anraXXaaaovTO, 
 aXXa OL ecf)aLvovTO avaLBeLtj re /cat a/3ouXtr) BLa-^peofxevoL 
 fieveLv, irefiireL eir avTov<^ MrjBou<; t€ kul KLaaLou<; du/ico- 
 6eL<i, evTeLXafjuevo^ <7<^eaq ^a)yprjcravTa<; ayeiv e? o-^lv ttjv 
 eoiUTOU. ft)? o eireireaov cpepo/jievoL e? roi;? HiXXrjva^ ol 
 
 MrjBoL, eWLTTTOV TTOXXOL ' ClXXoL B eTTeO-jfLCTaV KaL OVK aTTT]- 
 
 Xavvov, KULTrep [xey(iX(o<; iTpo<nrTaLOVTe<s. BrjXov B enoievv 
 
146 The Pass of Tliennopylae, [Herod. 
 
 TravTt T€0) Kat ovk TjKtara avra> ^acriXel', on iroWoi /lev 
 avOponroL elev, oXtyoL Be avBp€<;. eyLvero Be rj av/j./3oXr)^ 
 Be 7]/jLeprj(;. 20. eTre/re Se ol MrjBot rprj-^eco^ -TrepieliTov- 
 TO, evOavra ovroi fiev vTre^riCaav, ol Be Uepaac eK^e^d' 
 fievoc em'ilcrav, tov<; dOavarov; e/caXee /SaaLXev;, twv rjpx^ 
 *TSdpv7]<^, ft)9 Brj ovToC ye euTrerew? KaTepyaao/aeuoL. oj? 
 Be KOLL ovTOi (JVve\xiGyov Tolau EXXrjat,, ovBev irXeov e0e- 
 povTO Trj<; arparirj^ t?}? M.rjBiKrj'^^ aXXa ra avra^ are ev 
 arecvoTrdpa) re %copft) fj-ay^ofxevoi^ Kai Bovpaai /Spa'^^vrepoiai 
 ')(^pedfievoL rjirep ol ' EXXrjvei;, koI ovk e'^ovre^; iTXrfieC XPV' 
 oaadai. 
 
 SO. AaKeBatfxovtot Be e^iayovro a^LW<^ Xoyov, aXXa re 
 anroBeiKvvfJievoi ev ovk, eTTLara/nevoLat fiw^eadai e^eTriaru' 
 fjLevoL, KCLL OKO}^ evrpe^^eiav ra vwra, aXee? (pevyecTKov BrjOev • 
 ol Be ^dp^apoL opeovre^ <p€vyovra<; ^oy re Kac rraraycp 
 eirri'Caav^ ol B av KaraXafi^avofxevot virearpe(pov avriot 
 elvai rolcn /Sap^apoiaL^ pLeraarpecfyo/jLeifOi Be Kare^aXXov 
 rrXijOel' dvapi6/jLT]rov<; rcov Ilepaecov ' eTTLirrov Be Kat avrwv 
 Twv ^Traprirjrecov evOavra oXiyoi- errei Be ovBev eBvvearo 
 irapaXa/Se'iv ol IJepaat r?}? eaoBou^ TreipeofievoL Kac Kara 
 reXea Kac rravroLoy^ irpoa^aXXovre^;, airriXavvov oTriaco. y 
 31. 'Ep ravrr/at rrjai rrpoaoBoLcn tt}? //.ap^?;? Xeyeiai /3aat- 
 Xea drjevfjLevov rpl<i avaBpa/melv ck rod Opovov, Beiaavia 
 Trepl rr) arparirj. rore jxev ovrco '^ycoviaavro, rrj B vare- 
 paiT) ol f3dp(3apoi ovBev afiei.vov aeOXeov • are yap oXiycou 
 eovrwv, eXiriGavre^ a(f)ea<; KararerpcofiariaOac re Kac ovk 
 olov^ re eaeaOai en '^eipa^; avraeipaaOat^ crvve^aXXov. ol 
 Be EXXrjve^ Kara ra^L<^ re KaL Kara edvea KeKoafXTjiievoL 
 r)aav, KaL ev fxepe'C eKaaroL ef-ia^^ovro, irXiqv ^coKecov ' ovroL 
 Be €9 TO ovpo<; era'^Orjaav <^vX(i^ovre<; rrjv arparrov. ft)9 Be 
 ovBev evpcaKOV aXXotorepov ol IJepaaL rj rr} TrporepaiT] evfo- 
 
VII , 215.] Trcaclicry of Epliialtcs. 147 
 
 p(iiv, ain\Kavvov, 32. Airopeovro^ Se ^aaCKco^ o re Yp/J- 
 CTjrac T(p irapeoviL Trpiiyfiari, ^TTiaXr?/? o KupvSijfiov 
 dv7]p MrjXcev^ rjXOe oc e? Xoyov<;, &>? /xeyct re irapa fSaat- 
 Xeo? 8oK6(OV OKJeadau, €(f)paa6 re rrji; uTpairou rqv Slu tov 
 ovpeo<i (f)€pouaav e? ©6p/xo7rv\a<;, Kat SiecpOeipe toi;? tuutj) 
 v7ro/i€ivavTa(; KWiivcov. ixnepov Se Seiaa<:; AaKeSai/jLO- 
 VLOV^ €(f)vye e? QeaaaXirjv, Kat oi (^vyovrt, vtto rdv UuXa- 
 yopwv, Tcou Afi(f)CKTvovcou e? T7]v TlvXatrju avXX€yop,(:V(oi>, 
 apyvpiov €7r€K7]pv)(^6r}. -^povo) Be varepov^ KaryjXde yap 
 69 AvTLKvprjv^ aired ave vtto AdrjvaBeco^ avSpo^; Tprj^cviov, 
 6 8e A9rjvaBr]<^ ovto^ wTTtKrecve fxev ETTcaXrrjv Be aXXrjv 
 aiiL7]v, TTjv eyco ev toIctl oiriade Xoyoiai crrjfiavea)^ eTLfn'iOrj 
 fievTOL VTTO AaKeSatfjiovLcov ovSev kaaov. EmaXTri<^ fxev 
 ovTco varepov rovrcov aireOave. 33. Earn he kjepo^ Xeyo- 
 11 ii€vo<^ Xoyo<i, (W? Ov7]Tr)<i re o ^avayopeco avrfp KapvaTio<^ 
 Kai Kopu8aXo<i ^ AvTiKvpeu<^ even oi eLiravre^; irpo^ (BaaiXea 
 TovTov<i Tou? Xoyov<;, Kau irepiT^yrjcrafJLevoi to ovpo^ tolctl 
 Ilepcrrjcn^ ovhafia)<; epbouye iriaro^;. rovro fiev yap rwSe 
 '^prj orraO/jiaiaaadaL, on ou rwv EXXr]vcov TlvXayopot evre- 
 Ki\pv^av ovK eiTL OvrjTTj re Kac KopvBaXo) apyvpiov, aXX 
 eiTL ETrtaXTT} ro) Tpr]'^ivi(p^ ttoci/tq)? kov to arpeKea-raTOV 
 Trvdojjbevot, rovro Be <f)evyovra rov EmaXrrjv raurrjv rijv 
 atrLTjv oiBafjLev. eiBetrj fjuev yap av, koI ecov fir) MrjXiev^;, 
 ravrrjv Tr]V arpairov Ovr}rr)<;, et rr} ')((Dpr) rroXXa (o/jbLX7]/<u><i 
 €L7j • aXX rjmaXrri<; yap ecrrc o irepLrjyrjaa/jLevo'i ro ovpo<^ 
 Kara rr)v arparrov^ rovrov air tov ypacpco. 
 
 34. aep^r)^ Be, erret oi rjpeae ra vrrea'^ero o ErTULXrrj<^ 
 Karepyaaeadai,, avruKa 'Kepi')(a.p7]<; yevo/ievof; eireiirre TBup' 
 vea Kat, rcov ecrrparriyee TBapvr)<i. aypfiearo Be rrepl Xv- 
 ')(va)v a(f)a<; €k rov arparoireBov. ttjv Be arpairov ravrrjv 
 €^€vpov fJLev ol eiri'^wptoL Mi]Xt€e<^, e^evpovre^ Be ©eaaa- 
 
I 
 
 148 llie Pass of Thermopylae, [Herod. 
 
 \oi(Ti KaTr)'yii(javio evrt ^WKea^ rore ore oi ^ooKee^;^ <f)pa^av- 
 Te? rec^el' -tijv ecr/SoXrjv, rjaav ev aKeirrj rov TroXe/uLov • €fc ^ 
 re roaovBe /careStSeKTO eouaa ovhev %p'??crT7; MrjXtevat. 
 35. J5^%et Be coSe 7) arfjairo^ avTr) • ap')(eTaL /juev utto tov 
 AacoTTOv TTOTa/jbov TOV Bia tt}? Bcaacf^aryo^ peovro^ • ovvofia 
 oe Tco ovpeo tovtw Kai tt) aTpairo} tcovto Keerac, AvoiraLa* 
 reivei Se rj Avoiraia avTrj Kara pw^cv tov ovpeo^, Xrjyec Be 
 KaTa T€ ^AXtttjvov TToXiVy irpdJTTjv eovaav twv AoKptBwv 
 TTjOo? Tcov MyXitcov, Kat, KaTa WLeXafxirvyov re fcaXeo/jLevov 
 XlOov Kau KaTa KepKooTroiv eS^a?, ttj Kac to aTeivoTaTov 
 €(7Ti. 36. KaTa TavTTjv Brj Trjv aTpairov Kai ovto) e^ovaav 
 01 Uepaai, tov Ao-wttov Bia^avTe^^ erropevovTO iraaav Tr]v 
 vvKTa, ev Be^LT) fiev e^oi^re? ovpea ra OiTaicov, ev uptaTeprj 
 Be Ta TpTj-^Lvicov • ■^w? re Br] Bieipacve^ Kai eyevovTO ctt 
 aKpcoTTjpca) TOV oupeo<i, KaTa Be tovto tov ovpeo<; e<pvXaa-j 
 aoif^ «? Kat TrpoTepov /not BeBrjXcoTat, ^(OKecov '^tXioc ottXI- 
 Tat, pvofievot t6 ttjv aipeTeprjv '^(Dp7)v Kat (ppovpeovTe<; ti]v 
 uTpaiTov. 7] puev 'yap kutco ea/SoXi] €(f)vXa(TaeTO vtt' ojv 
 eiprjTai, ttjv Be Bia tov ovpeo^; aTpairov eOeXovTat ^wKee<; 
 vTroBe^afievoi AecoviBy €<pvXa(7aov. S7. EfiaOov Be cy(pea<; 
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 Gi TlepaaL to ovpo<; Trav iov Bpvcov eTriirXeov. rjv /nev Brj 
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 VTroKe')(y^ev(£>v viro toIgl TToai^ ava re eBpafiov ol ^co/cee? 
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 o)? Be elBov avBpa<^ euBvo/juevov^; oirXa, ev OtovfxaTi eyevovTo • 
 eXiTOfjievoi yap ovBev acja tpavrjaeaOao avT t^onv, tveKvprjcrav 
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 Ilepaa^ cd? €? /jLa^rjv. ot Be ^coKee'^, w? e^aXKovTO rolat 
 
VII., 220.] Some of the Greeks iviihdraio. 149 
 
 TO^evfiaai iroWoiai re kqu nrvKvouai^ oi^ovro <^evyovTe<i 
 CTTfc Tov oup6o<; Tov Kopv/xfSov, tTTLaTiLfjievoL (jl><^ fcTTfc a(f)ea<i 
 b)p/JLt)Or]aav dp^tjv, kul TrapeaKEvaBaro o)? aTroXeofievoi. 
 ovToi jxev Br] raura e(^poveov, ol Se d/jL(f)i ETriaXrea kcu 
 *Thapvea Tlepaai ^coKecov fiev ovhtva Xoyov eiroLevuTo, ol 
 be Karepaivov to oupo<i Kara ra^o?. 
 
 39. Tolat Se €V SepjjLOTrvXrjcn eovat KWnvwu TrpcvTou 
 jjbkv 6 ficivTi^ MeyicrTLr}<i, eaihwv e? la tpa, e^paae tov /utX- 
 \ovTa eaeadai d/jua rjoi a<^i OavaTov. eirv he Kai avTop.0- 
 XoL rjaav ol e^ayyetXavTe'; tcov Tlepaecov Tr]v Treptohov. 
 
 OUTOL fiev €TL VVICTO^ €arjfl7]VaV, TptTOL he OL rj/JLepoaKOTTOL 
 
 KaTaSpa/jLOVTe<; airo tcov a/cpcov, Tjhr) hia<^aivovar)f; rj/jLepij^;. . 
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 TeLvov. /Ltera he tovto hiaKptOevTe^, ol fiev airaXkaaaovTo 
 KOL hLaa Kehaa6tVT€<; KaTa ttoXl'^ e/caaTOL eTpairovTo, ol he 
 avTWV a^a Aecovthr) fieveLV avTOv TrapeaKevaharo. 40. \e- 
 yeTai he nat «? avTo^ a^ea^ aTreirefi-y^e Ae(ovLh7j<;, fir] 
 anoXcovTaL Krjhofievo^ ' avTco he KaL ^iraprLrjTewv toIcpl 
 irapeouaL ovk e^eiv euirpeTrew^ etcXLireLv ttjv Ta^tv, e? ttjv 
 rjXdov (pvXd^ovTe<; ap-)(riv. TavTj] kul fxaXXov ttj yvwfirj 
 TrXetcTTo? etfiL, Aecovthrjv, eireLTe ataOero tou? avfifia^ovf; 
 €0VTa<i aTrpoOvfiov^, kcll ovk e6eXovTa<; crvvhtaKLvhweveLv^ 
 KeXevaai cr^ea? airaXXaaaeaOaL, avTM he airievaL ov KaXw^ 
 e^eiv. fievovTL he avTov /c\eo<; fieya eXeiireTO, Kat r) Xirap- 
 T77? evhat/xovLT] ovk e^rjXeLcheTO. 48. eKe)(p7]crTo yap vtto 
 T>/? rLvOcr]'^ TolcTL ^7rapTLriT7](TL '^peofievoKTL irepL tov ttoXc- 
 fLov TOVTov avTLKa KaT «/3%a? eyetpofie'vov, ?7 AaKehaifiova 
 dvdaTaTov yeveaOaL vtto tcov /Sap^apcov, rj tov ^aaLXea 
 (T<f)€Q)v diroXeaOaL. TavTa he acpL ev e-rreaL e^afieTpoLat 
 "Xpa^ e^ovTa coSe • 
 
150 The Pass of Thermopylae. [Herod. 
 
 'T^lv ^\ CO ^7rapTr)(; oiKr]Top£<; evpvy^opoto, 
 ^H /jteya aarv epcKuBe^; vtt avSpaac Tl€poeChr)aL N 
 
 TlepOeTat, tj to fxev ov/ci^ u(f) HpaK\eo<i Be yeueOXr]^ : 
 
 UevOi^oet ^aaCKrj (^Olfxevov AaK6Sat/jioi'o<; ovpo^. \ 
 
 Ov yap Tov ravpcov a'^rjaet /lei^o? ovBe Xeovrcov 6 
 
 '' Avri^irjv ' Zrjvo^ yap e^et juLevo^ ' ovSe e (prjfxt j 
 
 ^-vrjaeaOaL, irplv rchvS' krepov Bta iravra BaarjTai. [ 
 
 Tavrd re Bt] emXeyopievov AewvtBrjv, Kat ^ovKofievov k\€o<; ' 
 Karadeadai fiovvcov ^Traprtrjrecov^ airoireiJ.'y^aL tov^ av/i/id- 
 voL"?, fiaXXov 7] yvcD/JLT) BieveL')(6evTa<; ourco aKocr/jLco'^ oi-^e' 
 crOai rov<^ oi')(ppLevov(;. 42. jxaprvpiov Be [loi Kat roBe t 
 ovfc ekayiGTov lovrov irepi yeyove • ov yap fiovvov rov^ \ 
 aXkov^^ aWd Kat tov fjLavTLV b? eiTreTO Ty arpaTir) Tavrr), 
 MeyLaTCTjV tov AKupvrjva, Xeyofievov elvai ra aveKaOev 
 diro M€\d/jb7roBo<;, tovtov tov euTravTa €k tcdv ipcov tu p.e\' I 
 XovTa a^c eK(3alveiv, ^avepo<i eaTi AecoviBr)'^ aTroTre/iiTrcov, ] 
 cva fiT] (TuvairokrjTai a(pL. o Be a7ro7r€/JL7ro/Jievo<; avro^ fxev 
 ovK direXelTreTO^ tov Be iralBa GvaTpaTevopLevov^ eoira oi 
 finvvoyevea^ aTreirepL-y^e. 43. Ot (lev vuv av/uL/ia')(^0L ol utto- i 
 ire/LiirofjievoL oiyovTO t€ a7novT€<i, fcai, eireidovTO AecoviBj) • 
 ©eoiriee^ Be kol ©r)/3aloL KarepLeivav fiovvot irapa AaKeBai- 
 fiovloiai. TovTcov Be Grj/Saloc /juev aeKovTe^ efievov, Kai ov 
 IBovXdfjuevoL (^KaTel')(^e yap a(j)ea<; Ae(oviB7]<; ev ofxrjpcov Xoyoy 
 TTOievfievof;^ • ©ea7rL€e<; Be eKovTe^ fxaXiaTa, 6l ovfc ecfyaaav 
 aTToXiirovTe^; AecoviBrjv fcai, tov<^ jxeT avTov aTraXXa^eadai, 
 dXXd KarafxeivavTe^ avvairedavov. earpaTJjyee Be avTwv 
 Arj/LLo<^iXo^ ALaBpofieco. 
 
 44. aep^r](; Be eirec 7]Xi,ov avaTeLXavTo<; aTrovBa*; e7roir\- 
 oaTO^ eiTLaywv '^povov e? ayop7]<; kov fjuaXtcTTa TrXr}6(£>pr]Vy 
 TrpoaoBov eTroieeTO • Kau yap eireaTaXTO e^ ETnaXTecD ovtco. 
 aiTo yap tov ovp€o<; rj KaTa^aai^; avvTO/jbcoTepr) re eaTi, fcai 
 
VIL, 225.] Death of the Three Hundred. 151 
 
 ^pa^vrepo'^ o ^wpo? ttoWov 7-)7rep y 7repto8o? re Kat avd- 
 /3aat'i. oi re 8r) ^ap^apot ol a/jL(pl aep^ea Trpoaj'fLaav • 
 KOL OL aji^i AecoviBrjv EXXr)V€<i^ w? ttjv eirl Oavarcp e^oSov 
 TTOLevjievoi, rjSrj ttoWo) ixaWov rj Kar ap')(a<; eTre^rfcaav e? 
 TO evpvrepov rov av'^€Vo<;. ro /xev yap epvfia rov t€i'^€o<; 
 i^vXaaaero, ol oe ava Ta<; Trporepa'^ 7]/jLepa<i v7r6^iovTe<; €? 
 ra areLPOTTopa €fia)(^ovTO. rore oe av/j,/jLLayovT€<; e^co tcov 
 oreLVwv, eirLinov irXr^Oe'C ttoWol rcov ^ap/Sapcov • biTLaOe 
 yup oL r]y€jjL0V6<i rwv reXewv €'^ovTe<; jxaarLya^ eppaiTL^ov 
 TTaina avSpa, aieL e? to irpocrco e7roTpvvovr€<;. 45. ttoWol 
 fxev Bt] eaeirLTTTov avrcov e? Tr)v Odkaaaav kul BL6(f)6eLpovTO, 
 ttoWq) B ert 7r\6i)t'e9 KareTrareovro ^cool vtt aWijXcou • rjv 
 Be \oyo<^ ouSet? rov anroWvixevov. are yap eirLara/xevot 
 rov fieWovra a(f)L eaeaOaL Oavarov €K tcov irepLLOvrwv to 
 oupa., aTreBeLKvvvTO pwjJLri^ oaov el^ov fxeyLcnov e? tou? 
 /3ap^apov<;, rrapa'^peoixevoi re Kat areovre^. Bovpara fiev 
 vvu TOLfTL TTKeoaL avTcov TTjVLKavTa ervyyave Karerjyora 
 7]8j], ol Be 70L<TL ^i(f)eaL BLepya^ovro tou? TIepcraf;. 46. Kai 
 AewvLOTj'^ re ev rovrw ray rrov(p TTLirreL, avrjp yevofievo^; apL- 
 O-T09, KUL erepoL fier avrov ovvo/jLaaroL ^7raprL7)recov, rwv 
 eyo) 0)9 avBpwv d^icov yepofjL6i>cov eTrvdofiTju ra ovvofxara • 
 €7rvdo/jLr]v Be kul diravrwv rwv rptrjKoaLcov. Kac Br) kuc 
 Uepaewv iTLirrovaL evOavra aXXoi re ttoXXol kul ovvo/xa- 
 (TTOL^ ev Be Br) kul Aapelov Bvo TralBe^, ^A^poKo/ii7)<; re kuc 
 T7repav6r)<;, e/c rrj<; Apravew Ovyarpo^ ^parayovvr)<; yeyo- 
 vor€<i AapeLW. 6 Be Apravr)<; Aapelov fiev rov /3aaLX€o<; 
 r)v aBeX<peo<;, Taraaireo^ Be rov 'ApaafMeo^; TraT?, b? kul 
 e^rSiSou? T-^y Ovyarepa AapeLcp rov ol/cov iravra rov ecovrov 
 eTreBcoKe, (U9 /jlovvov ol eovar)<; ravrr)<; reKVOv. 47. aep^ero 
 re Br) Bvo aBeXcfyeoL evOavra irLirrovaL fMa'^o/uLevoL vTrep rov 
 V€Kpov rov AewvLBeay • Flepaewv re kcll AaKeBaL/xovLcov coOl- 
 
152 The Pass of Thermopylae. [Herod. 
 
 <r/Ao? eyevero ttoXXo?, e? o tovtov re aperjj oi EWr)ve<i 
 v7r€^6Lpvaav, Kat erpeYavTo rov? evavriov^ TerpoKi<;. tovto 
 Se avv6aTr]K66 fi€^pc ov oi avv ^EiriokTrj nrapeyevovro. «? 
 ^e TOUTOf? rjfceiv eirvOovro ol EWrjve^;, evdemev rjhr] ere- 
 poiovTo ro veiKO^. 48. e? Te yap to gtelvov tt}^ oBov ave- 
 '^(copeov oTTLaco, Kau irapafiet'yp'afievoi to rel'^o';^ eX^oi^re? 
 L^ovTo eiTL rov KoXcovov 7ravT€<; aX.ee? ol aWoi TfKrjV Qrj- 
 ^atcov. 6 Se KoXcovo<; ecni ev ry eaoBo), okov vvv 6 Xl6ivo<; 
 Xecov kaTTjKe iirc AecovtSr]. ev rovro) cr(^ea<i ro) X^PV oXe- 
 ^Ofievov^ /jLaxciiprjcn^ rolac avrcov ervyx'^vov en irepieovGaL, 
 Kau %6pcrt Kau arofjLaat, Kare^^f^^^ ot /Sap^apoi /SaXXoz^re?, 
 OL fiev e^ evavTL7}<^ eTTLairofjbevoi kul to epu/ma tov re^^eo? 
 avy^c^aavre^;, ol Se 7repL€\6ovTe<; iravrodev irepLorTahov, 
 
 49. AaKedai/jLOVLCOv Be kul GeairLewv tolovtcov yevo^xe' 
 vcdv, 6fjLco<; XeyeTUL apLGTO'^ avrjp yeveaOaL XirapTLriTrj^i 
 AtrjveKr)'^, TOV ToBe (f)aaL eLirelv to €7ro<; TrpLV rj avfxixi^aL 
 (T(p€a<; TolaL MrjBoLaL ' Trvdofievov Trpo<; Tev twv Tprj-^i^vKDV 
 ft)?, eireav ol ^ap/SapoL aTTLeaxJL Ta TO^ev/xaTa, tov rjXLov vtio 
 TOV 'jrXriOeo^; twv ol'aTcov airoKpvTrTOVcrL, — ToaovTO tl ttXtj- 
 6o<; avTcov elvaL * tov Be ovfc eKirXayevTa tovtolcfl eLirelv, ev 
 aXoyLT) TTOLev/xevov to tcov M7]B(ov ttXt^^o?, &)? iravTa a(j)i 
 ayaOa 6 Tprj'x^vLO'; ^e2vo<^ ayyeXXoL, et aTrox-pvTTTOVTcov tcov 
 My]Bcov TOV ■i]XL0V, VTTO (TKLy eaoLTO Trpo<^ aVT0V<s tj fia^Vy f^(^^ 
 OVK ev rjXiw. 50. Tavra [lev KaL aXXa TOLOVTorpoira errea 
 ipaaL Atrjvefcea tov AaKeBacfioviOV XLTrecrOaL fivij/jLoauva. 
 fieTa Be tovtov apLaTevaaL XeyovTaL AaiceBaLfxovLOL Bvo 
 aBeX(f)€0L^ AXcf)€o^ Te KaL Mapcov ^OpaL(f)avTOV TratSe?. 
 Oeairiecov Be evBoKLfiee fxaXLOTa tco ovvofia rjv Atdvpafi^o^i 
 ApfiaTiBeco. 
 
 51. &a(f>OeLcn Be a(pL avTov TavTrj tj] irep eTreaov, Kat 
 roLCTL TTpoTepov TeXevTrjaacTv r) viro AeoyvlBeco a7ro7re/ji(p0ev- 
 Ta<^ oL^^adaL., eiriyeypaTrTaL ypafi^aTa XeyovTa TaBe • 
 
VII., 220.] The Spartan Dead. 153 
 
 Mvptacrtv TTore lySe rpcrjKoataL'i t/jLa)(^ovro 
 E/c TleXoTrovvaaov '^LXiaSef; r€Top6<i. 
 
 Tavra fi€v S/) rolai iraac eTTLyeypairTaij Tolac Se Xrrap' 
 Tir]T7]ai lSlt) ' 
 
 '/2 ^€Lv , ayyeWeLu AaKeSai/jLOVLOi^;, on rij^e 
 Kei/jieda tol<; Ketvcov pinxaai TreidcfievoL. 
 
 AafceSai/jLOuioicrt fiev Sr] tovto, tco Be /xavn roSe • 
 
 M.vrj(jLa ToSe Kkeivolo MeytarLa, ov rrrore MrjSoL 
 ^irep^eiov iroTajjiov Krelvav afiei-yjrdaevoL. 
 
 MaPTCo<^, 09 Tore Krjpa<; 67r6p')(^o/ieva<; aacpa etSo)? 
 OvK erXr] XirapTT]'^ r]ye/jLOva<; TrpokiTTeLV. 
 
 €7rLypa/jL/jLaac fiev vvv Kai crrrjXrjai^ e^co r} to toV jJLavjLO^ 
 eTTcypafi/jia, ^A/jL(f)LKTUove<i etcri a(f)€a<; oi eirncocr iir]aavTe<^^ 
 TO he TOV fiavTCo<; MeycaTLeco ^i/JicoviS7)<i o Aecturpeireo^ 
 eaiL KUTa ^eLvtrjv 6 e7rLypa^lra<^. 
 
 52. Avo he TovTcov tu>v TpcijKoaicov XeyeYai EvpvTov re 
 KaL AptaTOOrj/jLOV, irapeov clvtolctl a/jLcpoTepoiai Koivcp koyrp 
 ')(p7]aa/jbeuoh(7i, r) aTToacoOfjuai 6/jov e? ^7rapT7]v To)? fji^fieTt- 
 fievoL re rjcrav gk tov aTpaTorrehov vrro Aewvuhea}, kul /care- 
 Kearo ev AXirrjvolau o(f)Oa\/Mia)VT€(; t? to ea'^arov), rj eu ye 
 fiT] e^ovXovTO voaTTjaaiy airoOavelv afia Tolat aWoLac, 7ra- 
 peou cr(f)L TOVTWV Ta erepa iroieeLv^ ovk edeXrjcrat 6fioc})poi>€€LV 
 aWa ypcojuLT} htevec^^OevTa^;, Evpvrov fiev TrvOo/xevov t7}v twv 
 Uepaewv Treptohov, amqaavTa re ra brrXa koI evhvvra, 
 (xyeLv avTov KeXevaai tov ecXcoTa e? tou? fia')(^ofi£vov^ • 6«-ro? 
 oe avTov yyaye^ tov (lev ayayovTa ot^ecrczai cpevyovTa, tov 
 he ecnreaovTa e-? tov o/jllXov hiacfiOaprjvaL * ApcaTohij/jtov he 
 XeLTToylrv^eovTa XeL(j>6?ivai. 53. et fiev vvv tjv jiovvov 
 ApiaTohrj/iMov aXyjjcravTa aTTovoaTrjaat e? ^irapTrjv, ?; Kao 
 0/xov acpto)}' af.L(poTepcov tijV /co/jLLdiiv yevtcruac^ oofceeci' epioi,, 
 
154 The Pass of Thermopylae. [Herod. 
 
 OVK av <T(f)i, ^7rapTt7]Ta(; firjviv ovSe/jHav TrpocrOecrdac • vvvl 
 8e, Tov fieu avTwv airoXofJiivov, rov he ttJ? /jlcv avTrj<; e^oyLte- ^ 
 vov 7rpo(f)aaLO<i.f ov/c e^eXTjcra.yro? Be a7ro6v7]afceiVy avayKULw^^ 
 (T(f)L e'^eLV /jLTjVLcraL /neyaXco'^ AptaTohrj/jio). oi jxev vvv ovtco 
 a-coOrjvac Xeyovao Apco-ToSrjfiov e? ^iraprrjv, kol hta irpo- 
 (f)aatv TOLTjvSe' ol Be ayyeXov ire/xcpdevTa eic tov arparoTre- 
 Bov, e^eov avra> KaraXa^elv rrjv /jia^rjv yivo/xevijv, ovk eOe- 
 Xijcrac, aXX virofxeLvavra ev rrj oBo) irepiyeveaOai, tov Be 
 cvvdyyeXov avrov aTTLKOjuievov e? ttjv /jua^Tjv aTToOavelv. 
 54. a7rovoaT7]aa<^ Be e? AaKeBai^/xova 6 ApiaToBrjixo^ oveiB6<i 
 T€ el^e KaL aTLficrjv. Tracr')((t3V Be ToiaBe rjTi/jLCOTo • ovt€ ol 
 TTvp ovBeL<i evaxre XirapTLTjTecov ovTe BieXeyeTO, bveiBofi re 
 €t^€ Tpeora^i ApccTToBrjfiof; KaX€o/ievo<;. aXX^ 6 fiev ev 
 TT] ev TlXaratrja-L /utaxv civeXa/Se Traaav ttjv e7reveL')(^6eladv ol 
 alnrjv. AeyeTai Be Kai aXXov airoTTe^^OevTa ayyeXov e? 
 &€acraXi7)v tcov Tpcr)Koai(ov tovtcov ireptyeveaOac, tm ouvofia 
 elvuL n.avTLT7]v ' vodTTiaavTa Be tovtov e? ^TrapTrjv, d)9 »;t/- 
 ficoTo, aTTay^aaOai. 
 
 55, Ol Be Sri^aloL, Twv 6 AeovTLaBr)^; eaTpaTJjyee, 
 reo)? fiev ftera twv ^EXXr]Vcov eovTe':; efiw^ovTO vir avay- 
 KaL7}<; ej^ofjuevoL irpo^ T^y ^aaiXeo<; crTpaTirjv • co<; Be elBov 
 KarvirepTepa tcov TIepaecov yivopueva ra irpT^y/iiaTa, ovtco 
 Br] Twv (Tvv AewvlBrj ^EXXt^vcov eTreiyo/jbevcov eirc tov ko- 
 Xcovov, d7roa')(^ia6evTe<; tovtcov, p^etpa? re TrpoeTeivov Kat 
 rfiaav aaaov tcov ^apffdpcov, XeyovTe^ tov aXrjdeaTaTov 
 TCOV XdyooVt &)? Koi /jLrjBi^ovcn kclI yrjv re kul vBcop ev irpco- 
 TOLCTL eBocrav ^aaiXe't, vtto Be avayKaL7}<; e'^o/juevot, e? ©epfio- 
 TrvXa<; aTriKOtaTo, Kat, avacTLOC eiev tov Tpco/iiaTO^ tov yeyo- 
 voTo<; ^aaCke'C. coaTe TavTa XeyovTe^; irepceyivovTO • el^ov 
 yap KUL ©eaaaXov^; tcov Xoycov tovtcov fiapTvpa<i. 50. ov 
 fxevTOL Ta ye TravTa evrv'^rjaav • 009 yap avTov<; eXa^ov ol 
 
YIL, 238.] After the Battle. 155 
 
 ^apjSapot e\6ovTa<^^ rov<i fieu rtva<i Kat airetcreivav TrpooLuv- 
 ra?, Tou? Be irXevua^; avrcov, KeXeuaavrof; Hep^ew, eari.^uif 
 (TTLyiiaTa /SaacXrica, ap^ufjuevoi airo rou arparrj'yov Aeov^ 
 rcuSeco, rod rou iralha Evpvjjba'^ov '^puvo) /j,eT€7reiT€v ec^o- 
 vevaav UXaraiee^, crrparrjyricravTa avBpcou Orj^aiayu re- 
 rpaKoaicDV, kol a^ovia ro aarv to TlXaraiecov. 
 
 57. Ol fiev Bt] irept &6pfjL07TvXa<; EXXr]ve<i outco rjycovL- 
 aavTo ' 'Bep^r)<; Be /craXecra? Aijfiaprjrov etpcora ap^nfievo<i 
 evOevBe • ^rjfiapTjre, avTjp et? ay aOo<i. TeKfJuaipofxaL he rrj 
 aXrjOeLr) ' baa yap etTra?, airavra aire^r) ovray, vvv Be 
 fioi etTre, Koaoi Ttve<; euo-t ot Xolttol AatceBaifJioviOL, Kau rou- 
 Twv QicoaoL TOLovTOL Tu TToXefiLu, eoTe Kau aiTavTe<^, o B^ 
 elrre' ' fl jSaatXev, ttXtjOo^ fxev iravTwv rwv AaKeBaifiovLcov 
 iroXXov, Kau iroXie'^ iroXXai • to Be eOeXet^ eKfiaOelv, eiBr]' 
 (ret^. earl ev rrj AatceBatixovi ^iraprr], TroXi? avBpdv o/cra- 
 Kca'^iXccoi' /xaXiara ktj^ Kau ovrot iravre'^ eLcu OfxoLOi tqIcti 
 evOaBe fia^^^ecra/jLevotcn • ol ye fiev aXXoc AaKeBatfiovtot 
 rovToLCi fiev ov/c cpolot. ayaOoi Be. elrre tt^o? rav7a'Eep^r)<; • 
 ArjfjLaprjre^ rew rpoirw aTrovTjroTara rwv avBpoiv tovtwv 
 €7rcKpaTr](ro/jbev ; lOl e^ijyeo. ov yap e^et? avrwv ra? Bl' 
 
 e^oBov<^ rcou ^ovXev/jCarcov, ola ^aatXev; yevofievo^; 
 
 5S. Tavra etTra? 'Bep^7]<; Bce^rjle Bca rcov veKpwv • kol Aew- 
 vcBeco, a/CT/zcoco? on ^aatXev^; re rjv kol ar parrjyo^ AaKe- 
 BaLjjLovio)v, eKeXevcre arrorajMovra^ rrjv Ke^aXi]v dvaaravpo)- 
 oai. BrjXa fioc rroXXolao /xev kol aXXoicn reKfiTjpcoiat, ev 
 Be Kat ToyBe ov/c r]Kiara yeyove, ore ^acnXev^ *Bep^r)<; irav- 
 rcov Brj fJLaXtcrra avBpwv eOu/xwOrj ^wovrc AecoviBr) • ov yap 
 av Kore e«? rov veKpov ravra Trapevo/jirjae, errec rtixav fia- 
 Xicrra vofjLL^ovac rcov eyco olBa avd poarrcov Tlepaat avBpa<i 
 ayaOov^ ra rroXe/jLca. ol fxev Bq ravra eiroievv, rolav erre' 
 reraKro jroceeLv. 
 
I 
 
 156 The Fleet at Artemisium, [Herod. . 
 
 lY. ARTEMISIUM. — MARCH OF XERXES TO ATHENS.— 
 
 SALAMIS. — RETREAT OF XERXES TO ASIA. ^ 
 
 1. Ol he ' EWt^vcov e? rov vavrtKOV arparov Tcr^^ei/re? 
 rjaav olSe • AOrjvaloi fMeu vea<; Trape-^ofievoL eirra Kai eoKoat 
 KOL 6KaTov • VTTO Be apeTTj^ re kul 7rpo6v/jLir)^ TlXaraiee^, 
 cnretpoL ttJ? vavTiKri<; 60vt€<;^ <jvv€7r\7]povv rocai AOirjvaLOiai, 
 Ta? vea<; • KopLvOiOL Be reaaepaKovra vea<; irapei'^ovro, 
 Meyapee^i Be eLKoac. Kat XaX/ctSee? errXripovv eiKoai, AOr}- 
 vaLWV a(f)c 7rap€')(^oi>Tcov ra? z/ea? • AiyLvrjraL Be OKrwKai- 
 BeKa, XbKvodVLot Be BvcoBeKa^ AafceBaLjuovtoi Be BeKa, Eirt- 
 oavptoc oe oktco, £jpeTptee<s oe eTrra, 1 poiyiqviOL be irevre, 
 Xrvpee^; Be Bvo, Kai Keloi Bvo re vea<; Kat TrevrijKovrepov^ 
 Buo. AoKpoL Be acpt ol Oitovvtiol eire^orjOeov TrevrrjKov^ 
 repov^; e-^ovre^ eirra. 2. rjaav fiev cov ovtoi ol arparevo- 
 /Lievot eir AprefiLaLOV, etprjjai Be fiot Kav &)? to TrXrjOo^; 
 kfcaarot rcov vewv Trapet'^ovro. apiOp.o'^ Be rcov avWe'^Oei' 
 crecov vewv eir ^ApTepLcatov rjv, irape^ tcov TrevTrjKOvrepcov^ 
 fJLta Kai €l3BopL7]KovTa Kai Bi7)KoaLat. 70v Be arparrjyov rov 
 TO fjceyccTTOv Kparo'^ e^ovra TTapeL')(0VT0 ^TraprLrjraL, Evpv- 
 ^u'lBea Tov EvpvicKetBeco. ol yap avppa'^oL ovk e(j:)aaav, rjv 
 fjLT) o AaKcov 7jyefjiovev7]^ AdrjvaiotaL e\jrea6aL r]yeopLevoio-L, 
 aWa XvaeLV to fieWov eaeaOai aTpaTev/j,a. 3. eyeveio 
 yap KaT ap')(^a^ Xoyo<^^ irplv rj kul e? XiKe\L7)V ire/jLTrecv 
 em av/jLp.a')(^L7]v, co? to vavTiKov AOrjvaiOLcn ')(pea3v eLrj eTTi- 
 TpaireLv. avn^avTwv Be twv avp.fxa')(ci3v^ elicov ol AOrjvaloi, 
 fieya ireTTOLrjixevoL irepielvaL Ty]v EXXaBa^ Kai yvovT€<;, ei, 
 (TTaaiaaovaL Trepi T77? rjyefioviTjq, (o<; airoXeeTaL r) £\Xa9, 
 op6a voevvTe<i • (TTaaL<^ yap ep(f>vXo<; TroXepLOV opLOcfypoveoV' 
 To<; ToaovTM KaKLov e<TTL, barp iroXepo^ etpi^vTjf;. eTriaTa- 
 fxevoL cor avjo tovto, ovk avieTeivov^ aXK eiKov jJ^eypt, 
 
VUL, 5.] Themisiocles prevents a Retreat 157 
 
 oaou Kapra eBtovro avrcov, co? BitSe^av. ox; yap 8/; (oaa- 
 lievoL TOP IJcpaea, irepi tt}? e/ceivov yjSr} tou uyoiva tTrot^ 
 euvTO, Trpocpaacu tt^i^ TIavaavLeo) v^ptv Trpola-^^o/uievoi,, aTrec- 
 XovTO TTjv 7jyefjiovL7]i' TOf? AatcehaLp^ovLov^;. aWa ravTa 
 jiev varepov ejevero. 
 
 4. Tore he outol oi Kac eir Aprepaatov EX\r]V(ov airt' 
 Kop^evot, 0)9 elSov vta<; re 7roWa<i KaTa')(deLaa<^ e? ra? A(f)€- 
 ra?, KOi aTpaTcrj<; (nravra TrXea, eirei avrotai irapa Bo^av 
 Til TrpTjypaTa tcov l3ap/3apcou aire^aive rj o)? avroc Kare- 
 Bufceov, KaTappcoSrj<TavT6<i Bprjcrpov e^ovXevovro utto tov 
 AprepiaLov eaco e? Tr]v EXXaSa. yvovTe<s Se acpea^ ot 
 £f/3oee? ravra ^ovXevopevouf;^ eSeovTO Evpv^iaSeco Trpoa- 
 lieivau y^povov oXcyov, ear av avroc reicva re KaL rov^ 
 OLKeTa<; vireicOecovTaL. a)? Se ovic eiretOoVy pera^nure^ tov 
 ' Adifvaiodv (7TpaT7]jov Treldovat QepLaioicXea eirt ptaOco 
 Tpij]KovTa TaXapTOLat, ctt q) re KaTapeivavTe^i Trpo tyj^ 
 Eu/SoLT]'^ Tron](JovTai ttjV vavpa-)(^Lrjv. 5. 6 3e QepiGTO- 
 KXeT]<; T0U9 " EXX7]va<; eirtayelv coSe Troteet • Evpv(3iuBr) tov 
 TCOV TCOV 'yprjparcov peTaBiSol irevTe TaXavTa, w? Trap 
 ecDUTOv or]U€v OLOov<;. (y? oe ol ovio^ uveTreTreiaTO, — Aoei- 
 pavTO^ yap o Sl/cvrov, KopLvOicov aTpaTr}yo<;, twv Xolttolv 
 TjaTTatpe povvo<;, <pupevo<i airoirXwaeaOab re airo tou ApTe- 
 ptaLov KUL ov irapapeveecv, — tt/jo? Sq tovtov elire o ©ept- 
 CTOKXer)^ eTTOyLtocra? • Ov av ye rjpea<; a7roXet-v|r6t9, eireu tol 
 eyco pe^co hwpa BcDaco rj (3aatXev<^ av tol o Mr]S(ov Trepyjreie 
 aTToXoTTovTC TOU? (Jvppa'yov<^. TavTa re apua rjyopeve, kuv 
 Trepirei eirl ttjv vea Tr]v AheupavTOV TaXavTU apyvptuv 
 Tpta. ovTot Te hi] TrXrjyevjef; hcopotat avaTreTreicr fxevoL 
 Tjaav, Kal Tolat Ev^oevcn 6Ke')((ipL(TTo • avro'^ Te o Gefxt- 
 aTOKXerj^; eKephijve, eXuvOave he ra Xoiira eycov ' aXX rjirL- 
 GTeaTO ol pLeTaXal3ovTe<; tovtcov tcov 'y^prjpaTCOv, eic tcov 
 A67]vecdv eXOelv eirl t&) Xoyco tovtco Ta '^pripaTa, 
 
158 The Fleet at Artemisiiim. [Herod. 
 
 6. OvTW Br] Kare/jLetvdv re ev rrj Ev/Soir) fcac evav/jLu-^r)- 
 (Tau. iyevero Be (oBe • eireire Brj €<? Ta<i A(j)6Ta<; irept ^ 
 BelXrjv Trpcotrjv yivofievrjv airiKaro ot ^ap^apoc, 'Trvdo/ievot 
 fiev en Kal wpoTepov Trept to 'Apre/Jbicnov vavXo'^eetv vea<i 
 ' E\X7)viBa<; 6\lya<;, rore Be avrot, cBovTe^;, TrpoOujuiOL rjaav 
 €7ri,')(^eipeeLv, el kco<; eXoiev avra^, etc /xeu Br] tt}? avrlr]^ 
 TTpoairXcDeip ou kco a(f>L eBoKee, rcovBe eiveKev^ fir] k(d^ lBov 
 re? ol ' EXX7]ve<^ TrpoaTrXwovra^i e? (f)vyr]v opfirjaecav, <pev- 
 yovrd^ re evcppofrj KaraXa^oi • kul e/JueXXov Brj6ev eK^ev 
 ^eaOai^ eBee Be /x7]Be irvpcfyopov, ro) eKetvcov Xoyw, eKcpvyovra 
 ireptyeveaOaL. '7. vrpo? ravra cov ruBe e/jurj^aveovro * rwi/ 
 vewv (iTraaecov a7roKpcvav7e<i Bir]Koaia<;, TrepieTre/iTrov e^co' 
 Bev Xtccddov (w? av pn] ocpdecoai viro tcov TroXefiicov Trept' 
 7rXa)0vaaL Ev^ocav^ Kara re Ka<pT]pea kol 'Trept Tepatarov 
 e? Tov EvptTTOV, tva Brj TreptXa/Soiev, ot fxev lavrr] airtKopievot 
 'KOL (f)pu^ai>Te^ avTwv ttjv oirtaco <^epovaav oBov, a(f)el<; Be 
 eTrtairo/jLevot e^ evavTtr]<^. ravra ^ovXeuaa/jtevot, aTreTre/uLTrou 
 TCOV vecov ra? ra'^uetcraf;^ avrot ovk ev vom e'^ovTe<; Tavrr]<^ 
 TT]^ r]fjLep7)<; rolat ' EXXr]at e7n6r]aeaOat, ovBe Trporepov tj 
 TO a-vvdrjfjba a<f)t e/ieXXe (f)av7](Tea6at irapa tqjv TreptirXtDoV' 
 TCOV, ft)? TjKovTcov. TavTa<; fiev Brj irepteireixirov^ tcov Be 
 Xotirecov vecov ev rrjat Ac^erfjcit eirotevvro cipiOjjiov. 
 
 §. Ev Be TOVTco Tc3 "^povo)^ ev tco omot apiOfxov eirotevV' 
 TO TCOV vecov, — r]v ycip ev tco cTTparoireBco tovtco XkvXXltj^^ 
 ^KLCovato<;, Bvtt]^; tcov rore avOpcoircov aptcrro^, 09 Kat §v rfj 
 vciv7]yL7) TT) Kara to TIrfXtov yevopuevr) TroXXa ptev eacocre 
 TCOV ')(^p7]fMa7cov Tolat IJepaTjcTt, 'iroXXa Be Kat avTO^ rre- 
 ptel3aXeT0, — ovto<; 6 ^KvXXt7]<; ev voco fiev el'^e apa Kat 
 TTpoTepov avTOfioXr^aetv e? rou? ' EXX7]va<;, dXX ov ydp 
 ot irapeaye 0)9 rore. hrecp fiev Bi] Tpoirco to evOevrev 
 CTfc aTTtKero 69 tou9 EXXr}va<it ovk e^co elirat dTpeKe(0<i* 
 
V1II-, 10.] The Greeks atiacJc. 159 
 
 OcovfJLa^o) Be, €l to, Xeyoijueva ecrri aX'qOea. Xeyerac yap, 
 ct)9 e^ Acberecou Bv^ e? tjjv 6a\aaaaVy ov irporepov uve- 
 aye TrpLV rj (ZTrcKeTO eirl to Apreixiatov, arahiov; fia- 
 Xiard K7] Tovrov<; e? oyhoiKOvra hui ttJ? 6a\aao7]<=; Bce^eX' 
 6(DV. 9. Xeyerac fjueu vvv Kao aXXa ylrevSeai, CKeXa irepl 
 Tov dvSpo<^ TOVTOV, TCI he jiere^erepa aXrjOea. irepu fievroi, 
 TovTOv yvco/jLTj /JLOC aTToSeSex^o), ttXolw yu-ti/ airLKeadat eirc 
 TO ^ApTe/jLLatov. CO? Be airnceTO, avnica ea7]/jL7]ve rocac 
 urparriyolaL Tr\v re vavrjycrjv w? yevotro, Kat ra? TreptTrefi' 
 (f)deicra<i rcov vecov irepl Ev/Sotap. tovto Be uKovaavre^ ot 
 " KWrjve^i, Xoyov acfitcrt avToiac eBlBoaav. ttoXXcov Be Xe- 
 \9evTcov, evLKa rrjv rj/ieprjv eiceLvqv avrov pieivavTa<^ re Kat 
 a\jXia6evTa<^y IxeTtTreirev vvfcra fxearju Trayoei^ra? TropeveaOai, 
 Koi airavrav rrjcn 7repL7rXcoov(J7](TL rwu vewv. 10. Mera 
 Be TOUTO, C09 ovBel^ (7(pt eireTrXcoe, BeLXrjv o-yjrLi^v yLvojievrjv 
 T?79 rj/j,eprj<i (puXa^avre'^, avroL eiraveirXwov eiru tou? /?«p- 
 ^apov^, uTTOTTetpau aurcov TTOt'qcraaOat jSoyXopbevoi rrj<^ t6 
 jJid^rj^ Koi TOV BteKirXoov. opeovTe^ Be (T(f)ea<; ou re aXXou 
 (TTpaTiwTaL ol Hep^eco Kat ol aTparrjyoL eiriTrXwovTa^ vrjvaL 
 oXcyrjat, irdy^v <7(j)L /jLavcrjv eirevetKavTef;, avrjyov Kau avTot, 
 Ta^ vea<;, eXiriaavTe^ a^ea^; euTrereo)? atp7](jeiv, ouKora Kap- 
 Ta eXTTtaavTe'i • ra? /uei^ ye twv 'EXXtjvcov opeovTe<; oXiya<i 
 vea<;, ra? Be ecovrcov irXriOeC re TroXXairXria La<^ Kau afieLvov 
 7rXcoovaa<;, KaTa(f)povr}aavTe<^ raura, eKVKXovvro avTOu<; e? 
 fjLecrov. ocroL fJueu vvv tcov Icovcov rjaav evvoot tolctl E\- 
 X7)crt., deKOvie<^ Te earpaTevovTO, <Tvpi^opr\v re eiroievvTO 
 fi€yd\r)v, 6peovTe<; 'TrepLeyop.evov<; avTov^, Kat eTnaTafievoi. 
 ft)? ovBeL<^ avTwv aTrovoaTrjaev ' ovtco aaOevea crept ecpaivero 
 elvat TCL TCOV * EXXi^vcov Trpriy/jtaTa. baotat Be Kat r^Bofie' 
 votat riv TO ytvofievov, a/itXXav eTTOtevvTo, o/co)? avTo<; €Ka- 
 CTTO? TT^cuTO? vka Attcktjv iXcov Bcopa Trapa jSaacXeo^ Xafi' 
 
160 The Fleet at Artemisiim. [Herod. 
 
 ^erai, * A6r]vaio)v yap avTOcau Xojoi rjv 7rXet<7T09 ava to. 
 arpaTOTreSa. 
 
 11. Total Se"E\XrjaL w? e(T7]fji7]ve, irpoiTa /jl^v avTiTrpw- 
 pot Tolai PappapoLdL yevop^evoi 69 to fieaou ra^ irpypva^ 
 GWif^ayov • hevrepa Be a7jjjL7]vavT0^^ epyov ei^ovro, (:V 
 oXljo) irep airoXajxcjiOevTe'i Kat Kara (nofxa. evOavra rpcr]' 
 Kovra vta^ alpeovac twv (3ap^apo)v, Kat top Fopjov rov 
 XaXajXiVKOv /SacrtXeo? aheX<^eov ^iXaova 70v Xepcno^, Xojl- 
 fjLov eovra ev Ta> arpaTOTreSw avSpa. irpcoTO'^ Se KXXr^vodv 
 vea Twv 7roX€/jbi(OV etXe avrip AOrjvalo'^ AvfC0/jLriS7]<; AicT' 
 '^paiov, Kai TO apiarrilov eXa^e ol'to?. tou? S' ev ry vav- 
 p^aylrj ravrr] erepaX/ceco^ a^wvi^op^evov^ vv^ eireXOovcra 
 BteXvae. at fiev Bi] EXXr]ve<i eirc to ApTe/bnaLOv aire- 
 ttXcoou, ol Se ^ap^apoi €9 Ta9 A<^eTa^^ iroXXov Trapa ho^av 
 uycovcaafievoi. ev TavTr) Ty vav/xa'^CT) AvTuBcopo'; Atj/jlvlo^; 
 jjLOvvo^ Tcov (Tvv ^uaiXel' EXXrjvcov eovTcov avTopoXeei £9 
 Tov^' EXX7]va^, Kai oi Adrjvaloc Sea tovto to epyov eSocrav 
 avTcp ywpov ev XaXuplvi. 12. /29 Be evcj^povr) eyeyovee, 
 Tjv fjiev T77? odpr}^ pbecrov Oepo<?, eyiveTO Be vBwp re airXeTOv 
 Bta Traar]^ 7-^9 vvkto^^ Kai ^povTat aKXrjpat utto tou Ui-f 
 Xiou ' Oi Be veKpoi Kai ra vavrjyia e^ecpopeovTO e? Ta9 
 -4<^eTa9, Kai irepi re Ta9 irpwpa^ tcov vecov eiXeovTo^ Kai 
 €Tapacraov tov^ Tapo-ov; tcov KCOTiecov. oi oe (npaTicoTai 
 Oi TavTT) aKovovTe<; TavTa €9 (popov KaTtaTeaTO, eXTrtCpvTe^ 
 Trayyy uiroXeeaOai €9 ola KaKa rjKov • irptv yap tj Kai 
 avaiTvevaai a(j)ea<i eK re Trj^; vavrjyLT}^ Kai tov '^eificovo^i tov 
 yevofxevov kutu IlrjXiov, vTreXa^e vavfia'^iT] Kaprepr)^ eK Be 
 7579 vavpa'^^^iTjq op(3po^ Te Xa/3po<;, Kai peu/xaTa lo^vpa €9 
 OaXaaoav copfMrj/xeva^ (BpovTal Te aKXrjpal. 13. Kai toV' 
 TOioL /j,^v TOLavTT] vv^ cyiveTO' Tolai Be TayOelui avTcov 
 irepLirXcoeiv Ev/Boiav r] avTrj irep eovaa vv^ ttoXXov ^v en 
 
VIII, iG.] Wreck of the Per mm Fleet 161 
 
 aypLcorepTj^ roaovrw haw ev TreXayel' (f)€pc/j,ei'OLaL eTre'/TLTTJe, 
 Kol TO reA-o? a(f)t eyevero a-^apt • co? yap Sij irXodovat av 
 roiCTi '^etjioiv re /cat to vocop eireyLvero eovac Kara ra 
 KoiXa rrj^ EuI3ol7]<;^ (f^epofxevot tm Trveu/xarL^ Kau ov/c etSo- 
 re? rri ecpepovro, e^errtTrrov irpo^ ra? 7reTpa<;. eTroteero re 
 nrav viro rov 6eou, 6K(i)<; av e^iawOeLJ] to) EXXtj^lko) to 
 Tlepauicov^ /jurj^e 7roX\u> irXeov en]. outol jjuev vvv Trepi tu 
 
 KolXa T579 Ev^OLT]^ SL6<p6€LpOVTO. 
 
 14. Ol Se 6V A(j)€7r)aL ^ap/SapoL, w? a(f)t aa/iievoccri, 
 r;/z6/)?7 eTreXa/jbylre, aTpefxa'^ re el^ov ra? vea<;, kul o^t wrre- 
 "X^pcLTO Kaic(o<i TrprjcraovcTL rjau')(^c7]v ayecv ev rco Trapeovri. 
 TolcTL Be ^ EXXrjcn eTre/Scjdeov i^ee? rpet? Kat 7revTT]K0VTa 
 ArTLKac. avTUL re S/; cr^ea? eireppwcrav aTTLKOjJbevai, kul 
 aiLa ayyeXtrj eXOovaa co? tcov /SaplSapcov ol TrepiTrXcoovTef; 
 TTjv Ev/SoLav TTai^re? eurjaav BLe(f)6(ip/jL€vot, vtto tov yero/xe- 
 vov '^etfiwvo'^. (f)uXa^avT€^ hij ti]v aurrjv coprjv, 7rX(oovTe<i 
 eTreTTeaov vrjvai KcXiaaym, Tavra^ Be Bia^Geipavre^^, &>? 
 evcppovT] eyevero, aireTrXcoov OTTiaco erri to Apre/xiaiov. 
 
 15. TpcTT] Se r]/j,ep7}, Beivov tl iroLtjaa/JLCvoi ol arparrjyoi 
 T(ov /Sap^apcov vea<^ ovrco a(f)L o\cya<; 'KviMaLudaOai, kul to 
 aiTo aep^eo) SeL/xaLVOVTe^i, ovk ave/JLetvav en tou? EXX7]va<i 
 jjLd'^Tj'i ap^aL, aXXa TrapaKeXevcraiievoL Kara fxeaov 7]/jLepr]<i 
 avrjyov Ta<; vea<s. (JweTTLirTe he oycTTe Trjat avrrjat r]fiepr](7i 
 T619 vav/uLa-^iaf; -yLvecrOaL raura?, KaL ra? '7re^o/jLa')(^La<; Ta<; 
 ev Oep/jLOTTuXyaL. y]V he ira^ 6 ay(i3v toIctl KaTU OaXaaaav 
 TrepL TOV iLupLTrov^ cocTTrep tolctc ap.(pL AecovLoea T7]v ecrpo- 
 Xr)v (pvXaaaeLV. a fiev Sr) nrapefceXevovTO Ofcaf<i fxrj Traprj- 
 crovat €? TT)v 'EXXaBa tov<; ^apjSapov^, ol S ok(0<; to EX' 
 XrjvLKOV (TTpaTev/jLa SLa(f)deLpavTe<; tov iropov KpaTJjaovaL. 
 
 16. c»<? Be Ta^dfjuevoL ol ^ep^eco eireirXwov^ ol EXX7]ve<; 
 arp€fia<; el-^ov irpo<; tw AprefxtaLfp. ol Be ^ap^apoL fxrj' 
 
162 The Fleet at Artemidum, [Herod. 
 
 voeiS€<i 7rotr](TavT€<; rcov vewVy 6kvkX€vvto co? irepCkd^oLev 
 avTov<;, evOevrev ol ' EXXr}v6<i eTraverrXcoov re koI avi e- ^ 
 juiayuv. ev ravir] rfj vavfjia^cr) irapaifKridioi aWrfKoiat 
 eyevovro, o jap aep^eo) orparo^ vrro /jLeyuOeo'i T6 koI 
 TrXr^^eo? auTo? vir^ ecovTov einiTTe, Tapaaao/xepcov re rcov 
 vecov Kac irepLinTrTovaewv irepi, aXX7]\af; • oyLtco? fjueuTOL 
 avTeL-^e Kat ovk el/ce • Setvov yap '^prj/jia €7roL€vi>To vtto 
 vecov oXljcov e? (pvyrjp TpaireaOai. nroXXai fiev Srj twv 
 EXXtjvcdv v€e<; ^Le(^6etpov70^ ttoXXol he avhpe<^^ iroXXco 8' 
 en TrXevve^ i^ee? Te twv (3ap(3ap(ov kul avhpe^. ovrco he 
 aywvL^ofJbevoi SiecTTrjaav %ft)/)i9 efcarepoi. 
 
 17. Ilaprjv he o etc Tp7)'^ivo^ KaTadKonTO^* — r^v fiev 
 yap eir Apre/jLiaLM KaTaaK07ro<; IIoXva<;, yevo<i AvriKvpev^, 
 Tco irpoaeTeraKTO^ Kat el^e irXolov Karrjpef; eTol/iov, ei ira- 
 Xriaeie 6 vavriKO'^ G-rparo<^, GTjiJLaLveLV toktl ev ©epfxoirv- 
 Xijai, eovac • w? h avrco^ rjv A^pcovi')(0<^ o AvaiKXeo<i AOrj- 
 valo<^ Kat, vapa AecovLhi] ejoupio^ tolctl eir Apre/jnaccp eovai 
 ayyeXXeiv TpLrj/covrepw, VjV ri KaTaXa/jb/Savr) vecorepov top 
 Tre^ov ' — ovTO^ cov o A^pcovt^o<; aTTCKo/nevo'^ acf^L earjixaive 
 ra yeyovora irepu 'Aecovthea Kat rov arpaTOv avrov. oi he 
 CO? eirvOovTo ravra, ovKert e? ava^oXa^ eiroievvro rr]v airo- 
 ')(wpr)cnv, €KO/jLi^ovTO he o)? €Kaaro9 eTaj)(6r]crav, KoptvOioi 
 irpoiTOL^ vcrraTOL he Adrjvaloi. 18. AOrjvaLWv he vea<; ra? 
 apiaia irXo}ovaa<; eiTiXe^aiJbevo<^ ©ejJuaroKXer]'; eTropevero 
 Trepi ra irorifia vhara^ evra/xvcov ev rolai XiOolgl ypa/jL- 
 fiara, ra Icove^; e7reX6ovr€<; rrj varepaiT] t]fJLep7) ern ro 
 AprefjbKTLov eireXe^avro. ra he ypd/jL/jLara rdhe eXeye • 
 Jivope^ iwve<^^ ou iroieere oiKaia em rov^ irarepa^; cparevo- 
 fievoL Kat, rr]v EXXaha KarahovXovfJLevoL. aXXa fxaXicrra 
 fjbev Trpo? Tjfxewv yvveade * ei he vplv eart, rovro firj hvvarov 
 irotrjaat, vfxel<^ he en Kat vvv e/c rov fieaov tj/jliv e^eade 
 
f 
 
 Yin., 34.] Incursion into Pkocis, 1G3 
 
 Kol avTOL, KaL Twv Kapwv oteade ra av7a v^.2v Troteeiv • 
 eL Se /jLrjSerepov tovtwv olov re yiveaOai, aXA, vtt uvayKairj^; 
 fjLt^ovo<; Kare^ev^Oe rj coare airiaTaaOai^ v/jL€l<i he ev rro 
 €pyrp, eTreav avpL/xKryoj/jiev, edeXoKaKtere, fxe/juvrf/jiivoL otl 
 utt' 7]/iecov jeyovaTe, kul otl ap-)(r}6€v 7) eydpt] irpo^ rov 
 ^iiojSapov air vjiewv ij/jllu yeyove. ©€/j,LaTOK\er)<; he ravra 
 eypayjre, hoKeeuv ep.0L^ eir a/jL(f)OT€pa voecov, tva t] XaOoura 
 ra ypa/JL/jiara (BaaiXea I(iwa<^ iTou]ar) /xera/SaXetu Kai yeve- 
 oOat, Trpo'^ ecovTcov, rj eiretre avevec-^Or) Kat hLa/SXrjOp Trpo? 
 Hf,o^ea, amajov^ 7rotr}<Trj tou? lcova<i Kat tcou vav/xa'^iecov 
 
 V 5 / 
 
 19. Etc p,€v hi] rrj^ TpT]^tvn]<; e? rrjv Aoypiha €ae/3aXov 
 [ol ^dp/SapoiJ. T7]<i yap Awptho^i y^wprj^; irohecov crretz^o? 
 ravry KararetveL^ &)<? Tpn]KOVTa arahccou fxaXiara kyj evpo^;, 
 KeLfievo<^ /jLera^v T179 re M7)XLho<; kul tt}? ^co/rtSo? p^w^?/?, 
 t] irep TjV ro rraXatov Zipvo7ri<; • rj oe %ct)/977 avrr] ecrrt fxrjrpo' 
 TToXi? Acoptewv rwv ev TleXorrovvrio-cp. ravrrjv cof rr]v 
 Acoptha yrjv ovk ecnvavro €cr^aXoure<; oi /Bap/Sapoi • e/xrjSt- 
 ^uu re yap Kac oufc ehoKee ©ecraaXolai, 20. 'f2<; he ck ttJ? 
 Au)pcho<; e? rr)V ^coKiha ecre^aXov, aurov^ /uuev rov^ ^coK6a<; 
 ovx atpeovcn • ol fiev yap rcov ^coKecov e? ra a/cpa rov 
 TIapvrjcraov aveiSrjaav (^eari he Kai eTrirrjher) he^aadai opLiXov 
 rov Tlapv-qacov 11 Kopvcf)?), Kara NecDva rroXtv Keifxevrj ctt 
 eodvrrj^ • Tc6opta ovvojia avrfj, e? rr]v hrj avr]V€iKavio Kat 
 avroL av6^r)aav)' ot he rrXevve'^ avrwv e? rof? 0^oXa<; 
 AoKpou^ e^eKojjLLcravro^ €? A/jLcpicro-au rroXiv rrju virep rov 
 Kpicraiov rrehlov oLKeo/jLevrjv. ot he ^up/3apoL rqv ')(^(t)pT]v 
 rraaav eirehpafiov rqv ^coKcha • QeaaaXoL yap ovrco rjyov 
 rov arparov * OKOcra he tTreo-^oVt rravra eirecbXeyov Kai, 
 CKecpov^ KaL e? ra<i ttoXc; tvLture^; rrvp Kai e? ra ipa. 
 21. UapaTTorafMLOVf; he Trapafiet^o/jLevoc ol (Bap^aoai aiTL- 
 
164 Advance of X.erxes. [Herod. 
 
 KOVTO €9 Tlavotrea^. evOevrev Be tjStj BcaKpLvo/jLevrj rj arpa- 
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Vin., 39.] Prodigies at Delphi. 165 
 
 T6 ridCLV Oi pap,japoL v'jTLovre<; Kat uTrwpeov to ipof^ eu 
 TOUTCO o 7rpo(f)riTr]<^, rrp ovvofia rjv 'AKiiparo'^, opa irpo tov 
 VTjov birXa 'rrpoKeijJbeva eacodev eve rou fiejapov ^^evrfveiy- 
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 ol he l3apl3apoL erreiSr) eytvoVTO eTrecyofxevot. kutu to ipov 
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 tov vrjov ' TCI Se St) eirl tovtw SevTepa e7nyevop.eva kol 
 hiii iravTCDV (paa/jLUTcov a^ia Ocov/jLuaac /jLuXcaTa. 25. cTret, 
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 / . > ,\ //J VVfV 
 
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 ^vXuLKOv jxev Trap avTi]v tjjv oSov KaTVirepOe tov ipov tt}? 
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166 Advance of Xerxes, [Heeod. 
 
 ^apwv (pepo/juevot. tovtcdv jjuev vvv twv avSpcov ami) avro 
 Tov ipov airaWayj] jiuerai,. 
 
 27. 'O Be ' EWi'jvcov vavTiKO<; crTpaTO<; utto tov Aprejjn,- 
 aiov, Adr]vab(DV SerjOevrcov^ e? ^aXafiLva KaTid'yei ra? 
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 fiera Be tt}v ann^LV K,r]pvy\ia eTroirjaavTO, ' Adrjvaiwv rjj 
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 iravra vire^eKeero^ eirXcoov €9 to arpardireBov, 29. JETre* 
 
vni., 50.] The Master at Sakmis. 167 
 
 Be OL air AprejxiaLOu ev ^aXafxiva Karicyyov ra? i^e'a?, (tvv- 
 eppee Kao o Xoctto^ rrrvvOavo/jievo^ o rdv ' EWjjvcov vavTCKO<i 
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 airo TToXccov irXevvwv. vauap-yo<; pev vvv eirrjv wvto^ oa- 
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 rov ^ovXopevov, okov BoKeoi eTTLrrjBeuirarov eivau vavpa- 
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 TlXaraiecov focravTco<;, ?;/ce re 69 ra<^ A6r\va<i Kat iravra 
 eKelva iBrjiov. eveTvprjcre Be ©eaireiav re Kat, UXaratav, 
 irv9opevo<i ©vSaccov on ovk epbi]BL^ov, 
 
168 Advance of Xerxes. [Hkrod. 
 
 32, ^Atto Se T^? hia^daio^ rov 'EX\7]a7rovTOV^ evOev 
 7ropevea6aL rjp^avro ol jSap/Sapoi, eva avrov hiaTpi-^^avref; 
 fiTJva, ev rep Sie^aLvov e? T7;y EvpoiTrrjv^ ev TpiGL erepoiat 
 firjal eyevovTO ev ry 'Attlkt), KaWiaSeo) ap'^ovTO<; AOjj- 
 vaboiai. Kac aipeovcn eprjfjuou to aarv, Kai TLva<i oXijov; 
 evpicTKOvcn tcov AdTjvalcov ev to) tpco eovra^, ra/jiia'? re rov 
 Ipov KOLi irevTjTa'i avOpcoTrov^, di (fipa^ujuevoL T7]V aKpoiroKiv 
 6vp7]al re Kai ^uXocac rjfjLVvovro rou? einovTa^ • afia fxev 
 VTT aa6eveLrj<^ (3iOV ov/c e/c^wp-qaavre^ e<? XaXajjlva, irpo^; 
 8e avTol Sofceovre'^ e^evprjicevai to juavrrjlov, to rj TIvOltj 
 a(f)L e'^p7](7€, TO ^vXtvov Tet^o? avaXwrov ecreaOat, Kai 
 avTO St] 70VT0 elvai to Kpijacpvyerov Kara to /JbaPT7]iov, kul 
 ov Ta9 vea<;. 33. Ol Se TIepaav i^ojuevoL eTTU rov Karav- 
 TLov T?}? aKpo7roXto<; o^Oov, tov A6r]vaioi KaXeovai AprfCov 
 Trdyov, eTToXiopKeov rpoirov Toiovhe • o/^oj? aTVTrelov irepl 
 rov<i o'Carov^ 7repi6evTe<^ a-^euav, ero^euov e? to (ppay/ia. 
 evOavra AOrjvatcav ol TToXiopfceopLevoL b/xco<; y/jLvvovro^ kul- 
 irep e? ro ea'^arov KaKov aiTLjiievoL^ KaL tov <ppa'y/jiaT0<i 
 7rpoSeB(OKOTO<i. ovBe Xoyov^ rwv UeLcno-TparLBecov irpocr- 
 <f>6povT(ov TTepL 6fjLoXoyt7j<i eveheKOVTO, afivvo/jievoL Se aXXa 
 re avTefirj-^aveovTO, KaL ^rj kul irpocTLOVTCOV twv /SapjSapcov 
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 y^povov ovyyov anropLiqai eve')(eauaL, ov ovvafxevov crcpea? 
 eXelv. 34. '^povqy 5 efc twv airopcov ecpavij Bi] tl^ eaohn^ 
 rolaL ^apfBapoLai ' eSee yap Kara to OeoTrpomov iraaav 
 rr)v Attlktjv ttjv ev ttj rjireipw yevicrOaL vtto TIeparjaL. 
 e/jLTrpocrOe o)v irpo t?}? aKpo7roXLo<;, orrLaOe he rcov TrvXiwv 
 KaL T^9 avoZov, ttj Btj ovre tl<^ e^vXaaae ovr av rjXTncre 
 jXT] KOTe TL^ Kara Tama ava/SaLTj avOpcoircov, ravTTj ave^rj^ 
 aav TLve<? Kara to Lpov Trj<; KeKpo7ro<; 6vyaTpo<; 'AyXavpov, 
 KULTOL irep a7TOKpr]/jLvov eovTo<; tov '^wpov. G)9 8e elSov 
 
VIII., 56.] The Acropolis taken, 1G9 
 
 avTou<i (ivalD€pr}icoTa<i ol AurjvacoL eirt ttjv (iKpoiroXtv, ot, 
 fieu eppLineov e(DVTov<; Kara rov ref^(:0<; kutco fcal htecpOel' 
 popTo, ot, Se fc? TO /jityapou Karecfyevyou. tcov he FFepaecov 
 OL apa^el37]KOT6<i irpcoTop puev erpairouro irpo'i ra? 7ri/X.a9, 
 rauTa<; Be avoL^avT6<^ Tof? tK€Ta<i ecpovevoi/ • evret Be a<Pc 
 Trai^re? KaTearpcopro, to ipov av\.7]aavTe^ evtirpr^aav iraaav 
 Tiiv atcpoiroXtv. 35. X^^^ Be 7ravTeXeco<; Ta<; Adi'iva^, 
 Utp^i]^ uireTrefi-y^e e? ^ouaa ayyeXou Lirirea ApTa/3avq) 
 ayyeXeovia rrju Trapeovauv ocpt evirpTj^Lrjv. airo oe Trj<i 
 TTt^xp^to? Tov K7]pufco<; Bevreprj ij/uuepi], avyKaXecra^ A6r]' 
 vai(DV TOf? (pvyada<i^ ecovTcp oe eirofjutvov^^ eiceXeve TpoTro) 
 T(i a(f)6Tep(p dvaai ra ipa, ava^avra^ e? rqv uKpoiroXiv, — 
 euje Bij o}v oylfLv nva lBcov evvirvLov evereXXero ravra, ecre 
 KUL euOujjLLou OL eytveTO epLirp^aavTL to Lpov. ol Be (f)vyc.- 
 Be^ ro)v AOrjvaLOiv eiroLr^aav ra evreraXiieva. 36. roy 
 Be eLveKev iovtcov e7refjLvr,(j6T]v, (ppaaco. e<jTL ev rrj uKpo- 
 iroXi Taun) Epe')(6eo<^ rou yrjyeveo'^ Xeyofievov elvau vrjG<;^ 
 ev 7(p i^XaLTj re Kai OaXaaaa evL^ ra Xoyo<; Trap A6r]vaL(iiV 
 IIoa€LBtCL>i>a Te Kau AOrjvairjv epiaavra'^ irepL t^? p^copr;? 
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 cpo) KUTeXa^e eiJurp-qaOrjvai viro rcjv /Sap/Sapcov ' Bevreprj 
 Be ij/jtepr) airo T/y? efiTrptjaLo^;, AOrjvaiwv ol Oveiv utto (Baau- 
 Xeo? KeXevo/jLei>oL «? ave/Srjcrav e? to Lpou, copeov /SXaarov 
 eic Tov cTTeXe^eo? oaov re irrj-^valov uvaBeBpapLrjKora. ovtol 
 fiev vvv raina ecfypaaav. 
 
 37. Ol Be ev XaXapblvL EXXijve';, w? (7(pL e^rjyyeXOr] w? 
 ear^e ra irepL rrjv Adrjvecov uKpoiroXLv^ 69 roaovrov Oopv- 
 ^ov UTTLKOVTO. oxTTe evLOL Tcov aTpaTTjycov ovBe KvpcDOrjvai, 
 epbevov to TrpoKeifievov irprjypLa^ aXX e? re ra<; vea<; ecre- 
 TTLTTTov Kat LCTTLa aeLpovTO cl)<; aTTooeuaofievoL. TOLai re 
 vrroXeL'Wo/j.evoLaL aurcov e.vvpcodr] irpo rov laO^ov vav/xa- 
 
170 The Battle of Salamis, [Herod. 
 
 yeeiv. vv^ re eycvero, kclI ol BioXvOeure'^ etc tov ovveopiov 
 eaejSaivov €? ra? i^ea?. 3§. evOavra Br) Oe/jLLaroKXea 
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 o TV a(f>c euT) ^efBovKevfJb'evov. irvOo/jievos Be tt/oo? avrov co? 
 elrj BeSoy/jLevov avayecv ra? vea^ Trpo? rov ladfiov Kat Trpo 
 T?j^ UekoTTovvriaov vavjua-^eetv^ elire • Ou rot apa^ i^v aira- 
 elpoaai ra^ vea<s arro XaXa^lvo's, Trepc ovB6/jlc7j<^ en Trarpi- 
 Bo<; vavfxa')(r](jei'^. Kara yap iroki'^ eKaarot rpe-yp^ovTai, Kat 
 ovre cr(pta<; Evpvl3tdB7]<^ Kajeyeiv Bvi/r^aerai, ovje tl<; av- 
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 aTroXeeral re rj jEXXa? a/SovXirjai. aXX eu rt? eari fir}- 
 'X^avT]^ lOl kol TreLpco Bia')(eai ra ^e^ouXev/Jieva, 7]v kco<; Bwrj 
 avayvcjaac Evpv^tuBea fiera^ovXevaaaOaL oxne avrov 
 fievtetv. 39. Kcipra Br) ro) Oe/jLtaroKXel' ypeae rj vrroOr^KT)^ 
 Kai ovoev irpo<s ravra a/jLeL\jraijievo<; iqte eiri rr)u vea rT)v 
 Evpv^LciBeay. airiKoixevo^i Be e(f)7] eOeXeiv ol kolvov ri 
 'TTprjy/uLa avfifjU^at. o o avrov e? rr)v vea tKeXeve eapavra 
 Xeyecv, el tl eOtXot. evOavra 6 QefJuaroKXeT}'^ irapL^ofjuevo^ 
 OL KaraXeyeu eKecva re iravra ra rjKOvae M-vrjai^iXov^ 
 ecovrov Troteu/xez^o?, Kat aXXa rroXXa 7rpocrri6et<;, e? o ave- 
 yvcoae ')(^pr)i'(^(jL>v eK re r7J<; veo<; eK^rjvat avXXe^at re rov<; 
 crrpar7)yov<^ e? ro avveBptov. 40. /2? Be apa auveXe^dr]- 
 aaVy irpiv rj rov EvpvfStdBea rrpoOeivat rov Xoyov rcov 
 eiveKev avvT]yaye rov<; arparT)yov<s, rnroWo<i i]V o ^e/niaro- 
 /cXfTy? €v rolat Xoyotat ota Kcipra Beofievo^;. Xeyovro<i Be 
 avTov 6 KoptvOio<; crrparr)yo(; ABetfxavro<; o flKvrov elrre • 
 fl SepaaroKXee's^ ev rolat aywcrt ot rrpoe^avtarafievot 
 pam^ovrat. 6 Be a7roXvofievo<; e(f)7) • Ot Be ye eyKara- 
 Xetiropbevot ov crrec^avevvrat. 41. Tore fxev r)rrLxo<^ rrpo^ 
 rov KoptvOtov apbefy^aro^ 7rpo<; Be rov Evpv^taBea eXeye 
 exetvcov fiev ovKert ovBev roiv irporepov Xe)(6evr(ov, ty? 
 
 > 
 
VIII, 60.] Counsel of Themidoclcs. 171 
 
 eireav aTraeipaxji ano ^a\a/xtvo^ htahpy^aovTai * irapeov- 
 TOiv 'yap TCJi/ avfjL/ia'^cov ov/c ecpepe ol Koa/xov ovoeva kutt]- 
 yopeeiv • 6 Be aWov Xoyov ec^ero^ Xeycov raSe • Ev aot 
 vi'v t<rrl aciaaL ttjv 'EWaSa, tjv c/jloc ireiOrj vav/JLa^tr)v 
 avTOV /JL6VCOV TTOLeeaOai, firjSe 7r€t,dofjb€uo<; tovtcou tolctl 
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 Govrai OL l3apl3apoL, ovre irpo^rjo-ovrai, eKaarepco rrj'; ^ Ar- 
 rcKrj<;^ airiaai re ovBevL KoafKp • Meyapoiac re KepBaveofiev 
 rrepLeovGi Kai Aiyuvr} Kai ^aXafxlvi, ev rrj rj/jLLV Kac Xdytdv 
 eari, rcov e'^Opcov KarvrrepOe yeveaOai. oiKora fiev vvv 
 povXevofjuevoLai avOpoirroLau 0)9 ro eTTLirav edeXet yiveaOai' 
 fjbi} Be ocKora (^ovXevofxevoiaL ovk edeXet, ovBe 6 Oeo<; irpoa- 
 
172 The Battle of Salamis. [Herod. 
 
 ')((op^eLV irpo'^ Ta? av0pco7rr}La<; yva)/jLa<;. 44. Tavra Xe- 
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 e/celuov re Kal tol*? KopLvdcov<; ttoXXu re Koi ku/ccl 
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 yy fcao rr) OaXdarar). eBo^e Be a^i ev^acrdai Tolai, deolai, 
 
Vlll, 65.1 The Deities of Eleusis. 173 
 
 Kui eTTiKaXeaaaOai Tov<i AiaKLha<; avfi/ia^ov;. w? Be g<^i 
 eSo^e, KtiL ciroLevv ravra • ev^a/xevoc yup iraai rolac Oeolat, 
 auToOcU /jev 6k XaXafjuvo^; Auavra re /cat TtiXa/xajva CTreva- 
 \(:OVTo, em 8e Alukov Kau tou? aX\ou<; AiaKtha^ vea aire' 
 o-jeWov 69 AijLvav. 
 
 47. E<pri Se jdcrcato^ o 06nKvSeo<;, avijp A6i]vaio<i, (jivyii'^ 
 re Kai, Trapa MriSoiaL XuyL/jLO<^ yei^o/jL6vo<; tovjov tov xP^' 
 vov, eTretre eKeipero i) Attlki) ^oi pr) vtto tov Tre^ou gt pa- 
 rol) rov aep^eco eovaa eprjiio'^ A6r}vaL03v, rv^elv rore ecov 
 ap.a Arjfxapr]T(p ro) AaKeSatp^ovcfp ev rco ©pcaalm nrehiro^ 
 iSecv Be KoviopTov ywpeovTa utto 'E\ev(7Lvo<i co? ai'Spoju 
 fiaXiGra KT) Tpia/jLvptcov • uTroOcDvixa^eLV re cr(^ea? tov ko~ 
 vLoprov ojewv Kore eur] avOpoiTTwu, Kau TrpoKare (^(dvv,^ 
 uKOveiVy Kai oi (pacveaOao rrjv (pcout]^ etvai top /jLvariKOu 
 La/c^ov. elvat 8' ahar]pova rcov Lpcov tcov ev EXevalvt 
 ycvofM€V(ov TOV Arj/jLaprjTOv, 6ipea6ai re avTOV^ b rt to (pOey- 
 yofievov eur] tovto • 48. auTO? Be eiTrat • Ariixapr]Te, ouk 
 eaTL 0K(i)<; ov fieya tl glvo<^ eGrat tj] ^aGiXeo^ GrpaTirj. 
 raSe yap apihrfXa eprj/xou eovGT}^ Trj<; Attckt]';, otl Oelov to 
 (pdeyyofievov, airo EXevGLvo<^ lov e? TLpiwpii^v AdyjvaioiGC 
 T€ Kai TOLGL Gv/ifMa^oLGL. KUL TjV fiev ye KaTaaKTiy^rj e? 
 T7]V UeXoTTovvrjaov^ KtvBuvo<i avrcp re (BaGiXe'C Kai rrj Grpa- 
 TLT) TTj ev TT) rjTreipcp eGTat, r]v Be ern Ta<i vea<; TpairrjTai, 
 Ta? ev ^aXapovL, rov lavriKOv GTparuv KtvBvvevGet /Baat- 
 A,6U9 airo^aXecv. Trjv Be oprrjv Tavrrjv ayovac AdrjvaioL 
 ava iravTa erea tt) Mrjrpc Kai ttj Kovpr), kql avTcov re 6 
 fiovXo/jLevo<; Kat rcov aXXcov EXX7]vcov fj^vetrac, Kai tijv 
 <l)covrjv, Trj<; aKOvet<;^ ev rauTrj ttj opTrj LaK')(a^ovGL. 
 49, Trpo? ravTa eiirelv ArjfiaprjTov ' Xiya Te Kai firjBevk 
 aXX(p TOV Xoyov tovtov etTr?;?. 7]v yap toi e? ^aGiXea 
 avevef^dy Ta eirea ravra, aTTo/SaXeei^ t7]v fceipaXrjv, Kai g6 
 
174 The Battle of Sahmis. [Herod. 
 
 ovre eyco Bvp-qcro/jLai- pvaaaOai, our dWo<; avvpwnrwv cvSc 
 eU: aXX' e^' 7)Vu;\^09, Trepi Be arparirj'^ rrjaBe Oeolai fieXrj- 
 cet. Tou fjL6P Br) ravra Trapaiveetv, €/c Be tov Kopioprov 
 Kol ttJ? (^covrj^ >y€veadaL ve<po^, Kau /jueTapaicoOev (fiepeaOai, 
 eirl Xakafuvo^i eirl to arparoTreBov to tcov EWrivcov. 
 ovTO) Be avrov<i fiaOelv on to vavriKov to ^ep^ew airoXe- 
 eoOai ixeWoi. Tama fjuev Aiicaio^; 6 OeofcvBeo'; eXeye, 
 Ar}/jLap7}Tou T6 Kat aXXcov fxapivpcov Kara7rro/i€vo<;, 
 
 50. Ol Be e? rov aep^eco vavriKOv arparov ra'^Oevret;, 
 €7reiBr] Ik Tprjyjvo^ 6q7jcra/x€voi to Tpwjjba to AaKWVLKOV 
 BLe^7]aav e? tijv ^laTiaiav^ e7na')(^ovTe<i r^pbepa^ rpel^f eirXwov 
 Bt EvpLTTOv, Kat ev ereprjaL Tpial rj/jueprjaL eyevovro ev 
 ^aXripw. eireiBr) Be irapriyyeXXov avairXo^eiv, aprjyop 
 Tci? vea^ eVt ttjv XaXafiiva, Kat irapeKpiOrjaav BuarayOev- 
 Te? Kar rjav^^lriv. Tore fxev vvv ovk e^6)(^pr)ae a(f)c 7) 
 7jfiep7] vav/jia-^i7]v iroujaaaOai, vv^ yap eireyeveTO, oi Be 
 Trapeo-Kevii^ovTO 69 ttjv vaiepairjv. tov<^ Be EXXr]va<; ei^e 
 Seo? Te Kal (ippoyBir}, ovk rjKcara Be Tov<i airo IleXoTrovvr]- 
 <Tov. dppcoBeov Be, on, avrot /xev ev XaXapuvi Karrnievot, 
 virep yrj<i t^? AOvvaicov vav/ia^eeiv /uLeXXoieu, VLK7j6epT€<; 
 76 ev vijarp aiToXaix(f)6evTe<; TroXLopKTjaovTai,, arrevre'^ ttjv 
 e(i)VT(i}v a(j)uXaKTov. 51. Twv Be /SapjSapcov o Tre^O'i viro 
 TifV irapeovaav vvKra eiropeuejo em ttjv ile\o7Tovv7}(JOV 
 Kanoi Ta ovvara iravia ejULe/jLrj^avijTO, okco^ Kar rjireLpov 
 fii] ea/3dXoL€v ol /3uppapoi. co? yap eirvOovTO ra^iara 
 UeXoTTovvriaioL rou^ a/jL(f)t AecoviBea ev GepfjLOTTvXrjcri, rere- 
 XevTr)Kevat, avvBpa/JL6vTe<; eK tcov ttoXlcdv e? toi^ laOfiov 
 li^ovTO, Kat G(^L eirrjv arpaTrjyo^ KXe6p,^poTo<; o Ava^av- 
 BpiBeo), AecDViBeco Be a8eX,^eo9. t^o/jLevoL Be ev t<m laOfio) 
 Kat avy'^(oaavTe<^ ttjv ^KtpwvtBa oBov, fieTa tovto co? G^t 
 eBo^e ^ovXevojjLevota t, otKoBojieov Bta tov laOytov T€t^09* 
 
ViiL, 75.] Craft of Thcmistodes. 175 
 
 are he eovaecov fivpiuBajv iroWecov Kat '7ruvro<i dvSpo<; 
 epya^o/xei'ov^ y^vvero to epyov, Kat yap \l6oi koI itXlvOoi 
 Koi ^vXa Kat (jiopfiot ylraijifiov 7rX;/pee? eaecf^opeouTO, Kal 
 ekivvov ovheva ')(^povov oc ^oi^diidavje^ epya^op^evoi^ ovre 
 
 VUKTOf; 0VT6 1]fX€pi]<;. 
 
 52. Ol fiev B/j ev rep laOfxcp roiovrw irovw ovvecrraaav, 
 are irept rov Trat'TO? r)Br) Spo/JLOU 6eovT6<^, Kat Tijac vrjvac 
 ovK e/V-TTi ^01/769 e\\ap.y\readai • ol 3e ev XaXapuvi o/jLco^ 
 Tavra irvvvavoixevoi appwoeov, ovk outco irepu acpcac auroiau 
 heLiiaivovTe<^ &)? irepu ry TleXoTTOvviiaw. reu><^ p.€v 8/; av- 
 Tcou avi]p avSpL 7rapaaTa<i criyxi Xoyov eiroieero, dajvfia 
 iroLetpLevoi ti]v Evpu/SLuSeo) u^ovKltjv^ reXo? Se e^eppayrj 
 e? TO fieaou. avWoyoi; re hi] eyuvejo, Kai iroWa eXeyero 
 rrrepu tcov avTwv ' ol yuei/, &)? e? ttjv UeXoirowTjaov ^pewi^ 
 eirj aTToirXooeiv Kat irepu €/ceLP7]<; KLvBuveveiv, /jLijhe irpo 
 '^(oprj'^ hopiaXcoTov fi€i>ovTa<i fxa^eadat, AdrjuaLOt he kql 
 ALyLvrJTac KaL Meyapee^ avrou /jLepovTa<; ufivveaOaL. 
 53. EvOavra G6/jLLaT0KXerj<;, &>? eaaovro rr} yvco/xr) viro 
 Twv IleXoTrovvrjcncov, XaOcop e^ep-^erai €/c rov avvehpiou, 
 e^eXOojv he ire/jLireL e? to oTparoirehov to Mijhcov avhpa 
 TrXoLW, evT6cXafi6vo<; ra Xeyety 'y^peoiv, tco ovvofia puev rju 
 ^LKivvo'^, OLKeTT}^ he Kat TraLhaycoya r]V tcov ©6/jLLaTOKXeo<; 
 iraLhwv Tov hq vaTepov toutcov tcou Trprjy/nuTCOv OeuLaro- 
 KXe7]<i ©eaiTLea re eiroLrjcre, co? eTreheKovro ol ©ecrTTiee-? 
 nroXirfra^;, KaL ')(p7]/jLaaL oX^lov. b? tote ttXolw a7TLKo/j.euo<;, 
 eXeye irpo'^ tou? aTpaTi]yov<; tcdv ^apjSapayv TaSe • Eirepb- 
 yjre fie aTparr]yo<; 6 AOjjvaLwv Xudpr) rcov aXXcov EXXtjvcov 
 yrvy^avei yap (ppovecou ra /3a(TLXeo<; Kal l3ovX6/jLevo<; fxaX- 
 Xov ra vfierepa KarvrrepOe yLveadau rj ra rwv EXXr]vo3v 
 7rpr}y/jLara^ (ppaaovra otl ol EXXr)ve<; hpriapiov ^ouXevovrai 
 KaTappo:fhr)Kore<;' KaL vvv 7rape')(eL kuXXlcftov fyuea? epyov 
 
176 The Battle of Salamis, [Herod. 
 
 ciiravKDv e^epycicraaOac, ^]u /jlt) Trepuhrjre ZiahpavTa<; av-^ 
 Tou?. ovre 'yap aWijXoLac ofJiocppoveovai^ ovr en avrt- 
 crrrjaovTaL vplv, irpo^i e(DVTOV<; t€ acpea^; o-y^reaOe vavfxa- 
 "^eovra^ rov<i ra vfierepa (ppoveovra^; kul tou? fjurj. 54. o 
 fiev ravra cr(f)L a7]^r]i>a<i eKirohcov uTraWaaaero • rolai he 
 G)? TTLara eynero la ayyeXdevra^ rouro /xev e? tt;^' vrjcrlSa 
 rrjv WvTTaXeiav, puera^v XaXapLovo^ re /ceifievTjv kol Trj<i 
 r]7r€ipov, TToWov; rwv Hepaecov uTre^c^aaav, tovto he, 
 ewecBr] eyivovro pbeaat vvfcre^, avrjyov fxev to utt ea7repr}<; 
 Kepa^ KVK\ov/jL€voi TTpo^ T7jv ^aXapLiva, avr}yov he ol afxcfi, 
 TT^i* Keov re Kai ttjv Kvvoaovpav reray/jieuoi, Karel'^ou re 
 /Lte^pt Movvv^irj^ iravra rov iropOpLov rfjcn vrjvat. roivhe 
 Be etveKev avrjyov Ta<i vea<^, iva hr) roiai EWrjai firjhe 
 (^vyelv e^rj, aXX' a7roXapi(^6evTe<^ ev rrj XaXapuvL holev 
 iiGiv Tcov eiT ApjefiLaup aycovLapLUTcov. e? oe rrjv vrjatca 
 Tr]v WvrraXeiav KaXeopLevrjv aire^L^a^ov tcov TIepaeo)v 
 Tcovhe elve/cev, cl)<^, eireav yevrjTai vau/jba-^^LTj, evOavTa puaXi' 
 crra e^otaopLevcou tcov re avhpwv Kat tcov vavrjytcov (^ev yap 
 Br) TTopcp TJ79 vavp,a'^Lr)<i tt}? p.eXXov(77}<; eaeaOac cKeeTo i] 
 V'f](TO<;\ Iva TOVs fiev TrepiiTOLcoai, tov^ Be Btacf^Oeipcoat. \ 
 eTToievv Be criyr) TavTa, co? pur] TrvvOavoiaTO ol evavTioi. 
 Ol pL€v Of] Taiiia Trj<i vvkto<; ovBev a7roKOLpi7jd€VT6<i irapap- 
 
 TiOVTO. 
 
 55. Tcov Be ev ^aXapulvi cTTpaTijycov eyLveTo co6LapLo<; [ 
 Xoycov TToXXo?. yBecrav Be ovko) otl (j^ea? irepLe/cvKXeovjo 
 TTjaL vrjVdL OL l3ap^apot^ aXX coairep Trj<; r]jj.epr)<s oopeov 
 avTovi TeTaypLevoVi, eBoKeov KaTa '^coprjv elvai. avvecTTy' 
 KOTcov Be TCOV (TTpaTTjycov^ e^ ALyLvr}^ Bie^rj ApiaTeiBrj^ 6 
 AvGLpLa^ov, avr)p AOrjvalof; puev^ c^coctt paKLapLevo<; Be vtto 
 Tou Br]pLov, Tov eyco vevo/juLKa, irvvdavopLevo'^ avTov tov Tpo- 
 TTcr, apcaTov avBpa yeveaOaL ev AOrjvTjat kcll BLKaLOTwrov. 
 
VIII., 81.] Counsel of ArisUdcs. 177 
 
 ovTO<; winjfj aTa<^ e-m to avveSptov €^€'{a\€ero defitaTOKXed, 
 eovra fiev ecouTO) ov (^i\ov^ e^dpov Se ra /jLiiXtara • viro Be 
 fi€yad60<; twv irapeovrcov Katcwv XijOrjv eKeivov Troiev/Mepo^ 
 e^eKaXeeTO, edeXcov avTcp avfifXi^aL. irpoaicriKoee he ore 
 (Tirevooiev ol airo lLeKo7Toi'vi\aov ava'yeiv T(i<i pea<; ttoo? tov 
 ^laOfiov. 56. 0)9 he e^vjXOe ol 06/jLLaTOKXe7]<;^ eXeye Apt- 
 aT€Lhrj<i rahe • Il[iea<^ araatu^eLV ^pewr ecrrt, ev re rw 
 aXXo) Kaipa> Kat hrj kul ev TwSe, irepu tov OKoTepo'^ i]fiewv 
 irXeco ayada rrjv irarpiha epyaaerai. Xeyco he rot, on, 
 ifTOv ecTTL TToXXa re kuc oXtya Xeyeiv irepi airoirXoov tov 
 ei'Oevrev TleXoTrovvrjaLOLai. eyu) yap avToirrT]'^ tol Xeycti 
 •yei'o/xez^o?, ore vvv, ovh tjv eOeXwcn KoptvOiOi re Kat avT0<i 
 Evpvf^Lahr}<i^ olot re eaovrat eKTrXwcrat • Trepie)(^oiie6a yap 
 VTTO Tcou TToXe/itcov KU/cXcp. uXX ecreXOcov acpt Tavra ar]- 
 fjrfvov. 57. O h afJLeLJBeTO Toiaihe • KapTa re ^pT^crra 
 huaiceXeveaL Kai, ev TjyyetXa^. ra yap eyco eheofjL'r]v yeve- 
 aOai, avTb<; auroTTTT^? yevofievo<; rj/ceL';. caOt yap e^ e/xeo 
 ra TTOLevjuLeva vtto Miihcov. ehee yap. ore ovk eKovTe<; rjde- 
 Xov 69 p.a-^r)v KaTtaraaOaL oi EXX7]ve<^, a€K0VTa<; irapa- 
 <TTr]aaa6ai. av he eiret irep r)icei<^ '^prjara airayyeXXwv, 
 avTo<^ acf)c ayyeiXov. 7]v yap eyco avTa Xeyw, ho^a> irXa- 
 o-a<; Xeyecv, Kat ov ireiorw &)9 ov Trocevvrcov twv (3ap/3apcov 
 Tavra. a\Xa (j(f)t aripLrjVOV avro<? irapeXOcDV &)9 ^X^t. 
 erreav he ar}fMrjvrj<;, rjv fieu rreidcovTat, ravra hrj ra KaXXi- 
 era' r\v oe avrotat /jLT] mar a yevrjrac^ o/jLolov rjfjuv earac. 
 ov yap en htahprio-ovrai, ec irep Trepie-^oixeOa Travra-^oOev, 
 ft)9 (TV Xeyet<;. 58. Tavra eXeye irapeXOcov 6 ApicyreLhr]<i, 
 (pafievo^ 6^ Aiyivr}<^ re rjKew Kat /jLoyL<^ eKrrXooaab Xadcov 
 Tov^ eiropfxeovra^ • 7repLe')(^eaOac yap rrav to orparoirehov 
 TO 'EXXtjvlkov vtto tcov veoiv tcdv aep^eo) • TrapapreeaOac 
 76 avve/SovXeve &)9 aXe^7]aofiei'ov<;. Kat, 6 fxev ravra 
 
178 Battle of Salamis. [Herod. 
 
 etTra? fX€Te(Trr]fcee, rcov Se avri^ tytveTo \oycov afjL<pL(Ti3aai7j» 
 OL yap vrXev^'e? twv <jt parity oiv ovk eireiOovio ra e^ayyeX- 
 Oevra. 59. aTnareovrcov Se tovtcov, r)Ke rpLViprji; avSpcov 
 Tt^vlcov avTO/JLoXeovaa, t?}? »7/3%6 avrjp TIavabTio<; o ^coac' 
 fMeveo^y 7] irep Sr] ecfyepe ttjv aXrjOecrjv iraaav. Bia Se 7ovto 
 TO epyov €V€ypu(j)7]aav Trjviot ev AeXcfiOLac e? rov rpuroZa 
 ev rolat rov (3iip(3apov /careXovat. aw Be cou ravrr} rrj 
 vrfi TT) avTo/jLoXrjaaar) e<? ^aXafilva, Kat rrj irporepov eir 
 
 AprepLLCFLOV T7) AtJP^VLT)^ e^67rX7}pOVTO TO VaVTlKOV TolaL 
 
 EXXr)cn €? ra? oyScoKOVTa Kau TpirjKoaia^; vea<i. huo yap 
 hi] vecoi/ TOT€ KareSee 6? tov apiOpiov. 
 
 60. Tolai 3e EXXr)ai «? iriara Brj Ta XeyopLeva r]v twv 
 TrjVLWV pripara, TrapeaKeua^ovTO o)? vavjbLa'^riaouT6<;. 7)0)? 
 T6 St; hiecfjatve^ Kai 61 avXXoyov twv eTTiParecop rroLiqaapbe' 
 VOL, irporiyopeve ev e^ovTa puev eK iravrcov SepLL(JTOKXer]<^^ 
 ra 8e eirea rjv TravTa Kpeaao) Tolcn eaaoai avTLTiOtpLeva. 
 haa he ev avOpcoTTov (f)vcri, Kac KaTaaTaai eyycveTat, irapai- 
 veaa<i hr) tovtcov Ta Kpeaaco atpeeaOai, Kai kut airXe^a'^ tt^i/ 
 prjaiv, ea/Baiveiv etceXeve e? Ta<i vea<i. Kai ovtol /mev hr) 
 eaepaivov^ Kai r)fce rj air AtyLvri<^ Tpiripr]'^, rj Kara Tov<i 
 AiaKiha<^ aTrehrjpLTjae. evOavra avrjyov Ta<i vea<; aTratxa? ol 
 
 EXXr)ve<;. 61. avayopLtvoLat he a(f)t avTiKU eireKeaTo ol 
 ^ap^apoi. OL p,ev hi) aXXoL EXXrjve'i eiTL Trpvpvqv ave- 
 KpovovTO KaL (OKeXXov ra? veas^ ApLeivirj^ he HaXXrjvevi 
 avTjp A67}valo<i e^ava')(6eL'^ vtj'l ep^^aXXeL. avpirXaKeiar}^ 
 he T>79 1^609, Kai ov hvvap^evcov aTraXXayrjvat^ ovrco hi) ol 
 aXXoL ApeiVLT) l3o7]d€OVTe<; avvepiLayov. AdijvaloL puev 
 ovTCJ XeyovcFL t^? vavpa'^ir)<; yeveaOaL ttjv dp'^r]v ' ALyLirj- 
 TaL he Tijv KaTa tou<? AiaKlhaf; aiTohripbr]0-aaav e? Alyivav,^ 
 TavTTjv elvao ttjv ap^aaav. XeyeTaL he Kai Tuhe, co? (fyciapba 
 <j(f)L yuvaiKd ecpavT], cj^avelaav he hLaKeXevaaaOaL, wcrre kul 
 
VIIL, 87.] Exploit of Artemisia. 179 
 
 airav uKovaai to tcov EWtjvcov (nparoirehov, oveihicracTav 
 irporepov TuBe • fl Bac/JLouLoi^ f^^XP'' f^^^^^ ^^^ TrpvfivTjv 
 avaKpoveaOe ; 62. Kara fiev hi) A6rjvaLOV<i ereray^aro 
 ^OLVtKe<i i^ovTOL yap el^ov to Tryoo? E\€vcr2v6<: xe kul eanre- 
 pri<^ Kepa<;^, Kara Be AaKeBai/jLOViovs Jcoi^e? • outol B ^l^pv 
 TO 7r/309 rriv r/co re Kau tov Tletpacea. eOeXoKUKeov fievroL 
 avjwv Kara ra^ QefitaiOKkeo'^ evTo\a<; oXiyot,^ ot Be TrA-eure? 
 ou. e^o) /jL€V vvv (TV)(V(t)v ovvofiara rpLrjpdp'^cov Karake^au 
 Twv vea<; E\\r]VLBa<^ eXovrcov, ')(^pr]ao/xat Be avrolat ovBev 
 ir\i)v ©eofjL7]aTopo<^ re rov AvBpoBapbavTo'^ Kat ^vXukov 
 TOV lariacov, ^a/jucov afKporepojv. TovSe Be eiveKev p,€- 
 
 /JLVTJ/iaL TOVTCOV flOVVCOV^ OTL ©eo/jLT]aTQ)p fXev Bia TOVrO TO 
 
 epyov Safiov ervpavvevae KaTaarrjaavrcov tcov Uepaewv^ 
 ^v\aK0<i Be evepyer7)<^ ^aatXea aveypa(p7} Kac X^P'^ '^^ 
 eBcoprjOi] TToWrj. ol B evepyerai l3aaL\.eo<; opoaayyac Ka^ 
 XeovTac UepataTi,. 63. Tlepc fiev vvv toutou? outo) el^e, 
 TO Be Tr\r]6o<^ twv verov ev rfj XaXafjlvi etcepaX^ero, at fxev 
 VTT Adrjvatcov Bia(f)0€ipoijLevat^ ac Be utt' AiyLvrjrecov. are 
 yap TCOV fiev EX\,r)vcov aw koct/jlco vavjiaxeovrcov Kara 
 Ta^LV, Twv Be ^ap^apcov ov Teray/uLevcov en, ovre crvv voco 
 iroteovTcov ovBev, e/jLeWe tolovto a<pL avvoLcreaOac olov irep 
 aire^r}. KairoL rjaav ye Kau eyevovTO Tavrrjv Trjv rj/xeprju 
 fiaKpcp afjLeLvove<; avroc ecovrcov r] Trpo? Ev/3ot,7j^ Tra? Ti? 
 irpoOvjieojievo'^ Kau BeLfiaLvcov aep^ea, eBoKee Te efcaaro^; 
 ecovTov 67]r]aea6aL (BaaCKea. 64. Kara fjuev Br) tov^ aWov<i 
 ovfc e^ft) /LteTe^eTepou? etirelv arpeKecD^i (w? eKaarou tcov 
 ^ap^apcov 7] TCOV EXXrivcov rjycovL^ovro., Kara Be Apre/jLt- 
 aiTjv TaBe eyevero^ (iir cov evBoKL/jujcre fiaWov en irapa 
 ^aaCke'C' eireiBri yap e? Oopv^ov ttoXKov airiKero ra 
 ^acrtXeof; rrpriyfjuara, ev rovrco roj KaLpcp r] vr]v<; r) AprepL- 
 crtrj'^ eBtcoKero vrro veo^ ArnKrj<^ • Kai rj ovfc eypvcra Bia- 
 
180 Battle of Salamis. [IIerod. 
 
 ^vjelv, kfjLirpoaOs yap avrrj<=; rjcrav aXXat ve€<i (^tXiai^ r) Se -^ 
 avTYj^ Trpo? Twv TToXe/jbLcov fiaXLiira ervyyave. eovaa^ eBo^e 
 ol ToBe TTOtrjcrat, ro Kdl avvrjV€iK€ Troirja-aar) ' ZiCdKOfxevi] 
 yap viTO Try? ATTLfC7]<^, (f)epovcTa eve/3a\6 vrj'C (faXir) avBpcdv 
 re KaXvvBecov, Kau avrov eiriirXwovjO'^ rov KaXvvBecop 
 ^acnXeo<; Aaj^LaaiOvjiov. 65 ei fiev Kau to i/et/co? Trpo? 
 avTOv ejeyovee en irepi EXXijaTrovTOV eovrcav^ ov /jbeurot 
 eycoye e^o) enreiv^ ovre et eic irpovoLi]^ avra eirocTjae^ ovre 
 ei <TVU6Kvp7]fT6 Tj Tcov KoXvpSecov KiiTa Tv^rjv TTapaTTeaovaa 
 vr}v<^. CO? he evejSaXe re kol KaieZvae, evrv^LT] ^pT^crctyuei^T; 
 EiTrXoa e(OUTr]v ayaOa epyaaajo • 6 re yap t?}? ATrtKrj<i 
 veo^ rpiripapyo^i^ (o<; elSe fiiv ejn^aXXovaav vtj'l avhpwv 
 ^ap/Sdpcov, vo/xcaa^i rrjv vea T7]v ApTeiuLLai,r}<; rj EXXrjvtBa 
 elvai 7) avTOfioXeeiv e/c twv ^apjSapcov Kai avroiai afivveiv^ 
 aiTOCTTpey^a^ Trpo? aXXa<; erpuTrero. 66. tovto fiev rot- 
 ovTO avrf) avvqveiKe yeveaOau Siacpvyeiv re xac jxrj airo- 
 XeaQat • tovto Se avve^r] coare Kaicov epyaaajxevrjv airo 
 TOVTCOV avTr]v p^aXicrra evBoKt/jirjaat rrapa aep^rj. Xeyerac 
 yap ^acrtXea Otievfievov fiaOelv rrjv vea efi^aXovcrav^ Kat, 
 Sr] TLva elrrai rwv -Trapeovrcov ' Aeairora^ opa? Apre/u.Lair]v, 
 fy? ev aycovi^erai koX vea rcov rroXejiKDV Kartovae ; Kat 
 rov erretpeaOai el dXr]6ew<^ earl ^AprefjUatrj^; ro epyov, Kat 
 rov<; (bavat^ aa(f)e(o<; ro I'TTiarj/nov tt}? ^eo? eTnaraixevov^' 
 rr)v 6e Bia(f)6ape2(7av r)7riarearo elvai 7roXe/jit7]v. ra re 
 yap aXXa, ^? ebprjrai,^ avrj) avvi'veifce e? evrv^^crjv yevo- 
 fieva^ Kat ro rwv etc Trj<^ KaXvvhtKT]^ veo'^ iirjZeva arroaw- 
 
 Oevra Kariiyopov yevecrdac. Sep^rjv Be elrrai Xeyerat 
 '7rpo<^ ra (fipa^o/jieva • Ol /nev dpBp6<=; yeyovaai. /uloc yvvaiKe<i, 
 
 ai Se yvvalKe<^ dvhpe<^. ravra /xev 'Bep'^rjv (f>aal elrrai. 
 6'S'. Ev he Tco TTovw rovrw arro fxev eOave o arpar7)yo<i 
 
 Apia^Lyvr}<^ o Aa.peiov, 'Eep^eco ecov aheXcpeo^;, airo he 
 
VIIL, 9 O.J Xerxes views the Battle. ISl 
 
 aWoi TToWoi re Kai ovvojJbacrroL TIepaewv kul Mr]Scov koI 
 Toov aWcov (7V/Jbfia')((iiv^ oXljol he rLV€<i kul EWtjvcov. are 
 tynp veetv eTricrrafiepot, rotac al vte^ hiecpdeLpofro, koI jjlt) 
 ev '^eipcov vofiM arroWviJbevoi^ e? ri]v XaXajxlva hieveov. 
 rwv he j3ap^apQ)v oi iroWov ev rrj daXaaar) hte(f)6apr)aav, 
 veetv ovK eTr car afjuevoc. eireu he at irpcorai e? (f)vyiiv erpd- 
 'rrovro, evOavra at irXelarat hiecpOeipovro. ol yap orrtade 
 reray/juevoL, e? to rrpoaOe ryac vrjuac rrapLevai ireipodixevoi, 
 &)? aiTohe^o/jLevot rt kul avroc epyov (BaaCkt'C^ '7'/7^i a(pere- 
 prj(TL vrjvat, ^evyovarjcrt rrepLeinrrrov. 68. Eyevero he 
 Koi rohe ev ru) Oopv^w rovrco • rwv rcve^ ^oivlkwv, rwv al 
 ve6<; hteipdaparo^ eXOovre^; irapa ^aaiKea hie^aWov rov<i 
 I(ova<;^ (W9 he eKetvov^ airoXocaro at vee<;, q)9 rrpohovrcov^ 
 avvrjveiKe (ov ovrco coare Icovcov re rov<; arparrjyov^ jmri 
 aTToXeaOat, ^olvlkcov re rov<; hia^aXXovra<; Xaj3elv rocovhe 
 flier dov » eri, rovrav ravra Xeyovrcov eve^aXe vr)'C ArriKJ) 
 ^afjLO0pr)l'fci,r} vr}v<;. rj re hrj ArrcKT] Karehvero, Kat eiri- 
 ^epo/jLevrj ALyivairj vrjv^ Karehucre rcov 'Zafxotprj'iKwv rrjv 
 vea. are hrj eovre<; aKOvrtcrrat ol ^aixodprft/ce^ rov<; ein- 
 ^ara<i airo rr}<^ Karahvcraar]<; v€o<; ^aXXovre<; airripa^aVy 
 Kol erre^r)a'av re Kai eayov avrT\v, 69. ravra yevofieva 
 Tou? Ici)va<; eppuaaro • co? yap elhe cr(f)ea<; aep^7]<; epyov 
 fieya epyaaafxevov^y erpairero rrpo'^ rov<s ^OLVtKa<;^ ola 
 virepXvireojxevo'^ re Kai iravra^ atrcct)/jievo<^^ Kac a<pecov e/ce- 
 Xevcre ra<: KecpaXa'^ arrorafxeLV^ iva firj avrou icaKOL yevo- 
 fievoL rov<i a/ieivova^; hta/SaXXcocn. okco<; yap riva looi 
 'Eep^r]<i rwv ecovrov epyov rt airoheiKvvfJievov ev rr) vavfia- 
 X''Vy /car7}fjLevo<; viro rco ovpeX ru) avriov ^aXa/iLvo<;, ro 
 KaXeerai AuyaXeco^;, aveirvvOavero rov rrotTjaavra, Kai, ol 
 ypafifiartcrral aveypa^ov irarpoOev rov rpLr]pap-^ov KaL 
 rrjv ttoXlv. irpo^; Be rt KaL Trpoae/SuXero <^t\o9 ecov 
 
182 Battle of Salami's. [Herod. 
 
 'Aptapdiiv7]<i av7]p IlepaT]^ irapeayv tovtov tov ^oiviicritov n» 
 TraOeo^. 
 
 70, Ol jiev Br] 7rpo9 rov<; ^0LViKa<; erpaTrovro* rcov Be 
 jSap/Sdpcov €9 (j)vyi]v TpaTTOfxevojv Kat aKirXwovTwv irpo^ to 
 ^aXripov^ AljLvrJTaL vTToaravT€<; ev ro) 7rop6/j,a) epya airehe- 
 ^avjo Xdyov d^ta. ol [xev yap Adifvaloi ev tu) Oopv^o) 
 eKepdl'^ov ra? re dvTiaraixeva<i koI ra? (f)evyovaa<; rwv 
 vecov, ol Be AuyLvrfrai Td<; e/cTrXcuof era? • o/cco? Be rive's rovi 
 ^A6r]valov<^ Bia(f)uyoiev, (pepo/jLevoi eo^eTTiTrrov e<? tou? Atyt' 
 z^rjra?. "yi. Evdavra ovveKvpeov vee<; tj re Oe/jLcaTOKkfo'i 
 BbdnKOva-a vea, Kat tj IIoXvKpcTOV tov Kpiov avBpo<i Aiyivri' 
 reco V7]'C efi/SaXovaa XiBcovir], tj irep elXe rrjv 7rpo(f)v\aa' 
 crovaav eTrl XKidOw ttjv ALyivatrjv^ eir 97? eirXee Uvder]<^ 6 
 *Io")(^ev6ov, TOP ol UepaaL KaTaKOirevra aperrjf; eiveKev el^ov 
 £v Ty vrji efCTrayXeo/jievoi,. rov Brj irepcayovaa a/jca rocac 
 Tllp(T7)Gi rfKw V7)u<i r) ^lBcovlt}, cocrre Uvderjv ovt(o acoOrjvaL 
 e? Atytvav. o)<; Be eaelBe T^y vea tt^v Attlktiv o TIoXv- 
 KpiTO<^y eyvco to crr)fjL7]l'ov cBcov T779 (TTpaTr)ycBo<;, Kat ^a)a(i<s 
 rov OefjuiaTOfcXea eireKepTOfiTjae €? rcov Acycvr^recov rov 
 firjBicrfiov oveiBi^cov. ravra /nev vvv V7}'C ejuu/SaXcov IIoXv- 
 Kpcro^ aTreppc-^e e? ©eficcrroKXea • ol Be jSap^apoi^ rcov at 
 vee^ Trepteyevovro, (pevyovre<^ awiKOvro e? VaXrjpov vtto rov 
 TTS^ov crrpardv. 72. ^Ev Be rrj vav/jLa')(^i7) ravrrj rjKOvaav 
 'E\Xr\v(ov dptara Alyivrjrat,^ em Be Adrjvaloi^ avBpXov Be 
 IIoXvKptTo<i re 6 AlyLVT^rr)<; koX AOrjvaloL Ev/Jiev7)<; re o 
 AvayvpaaLO<; Kat Afietvtr)<; UaXXrjvev^, 09 Kat Apre/itatrjv 
 eireBiCd^e. et p.ev vvv e/xade ort ev ravrrj rrXcooc Apre- 
 fjttcrtr), ovK av eiravaaro rrporepov tj elXe fitv rj Kat avro<; 
 7]\co. rotcTt yap AOrjvaLwv rptripap')(ptcrL irapeKeKeXevaro^ 
 7rpo<; Be Kat aedXov CKeero /xvptat Bpay^jxaty 09 av fitv ^cotjv 
 kXr) ' Beivov yap rt eirotevvro yvvatKa eiri Ta9 A6r)va<; 
 
Virr., 95.J Story oj-the OoriiitJuans. 183 
 
 trrpareveauai. avrrj fjuev orj, o)? Trporepov etprjTat^ ote- 
 ^vye, rjcrav Be Kat oc aWoc, tcov al i/ee? Trepteyeyoveaav, eu 
 ru> ^akripcp. 
 
 "73. ^ASecfiavTov Be rov KopivOtov (TTparrjyov Xeyovai 
 
 Adr]va2oi avTCfca Kar ap')(^a<^, <w? crvve/jLLcryov at i^ee?, eK~ 
 irXayevra re koI vTrepSecaavra, ra Lcma aeipafievov olxe- 
 o6ac (f)evyovTa, cSoPTa<; Be tou? KopLv6i,ov<; rr)v arpaTrjyiBa 
 (fyevyoucrai', f£i(TavT(D<^ OL^eadai. &)? Be apa <j)€vyouTa<; 
 yivecOai rr)? SaXafiLvir}'^ Kara to tpov ^ AOrjvaLrj^; XfCLpaBo<ij 
 TrepLTTLTTreLV a^t KeXrjra Oecrj tto^tt^, rov ovre ireix'^avTa 
 <f)avrjvaL ovBeva, ovre rt rwv arro rrj<; (TTparirj<; etBoat 
 nrpoa^epeaOai roicn KopLvdtoiai. ryBe Be av^jBaWovrau 
 elvai Oelov to Trprjy/ia • tw? yap ayyov yeveaOau rcov vecov^ 
 Tou? airo rov ^eA-^ro? \eyeiv raoe • AdeLfiavre, av fiev 
 airocrrpeylra^ ra<^ vea^ 6? cpvyrjv (opfirja-at /cara7rpooov<; rov<i 
 
 EW7}va<? • OL Be Kat Br] vcKcoai, oaov avroL -qpwvro tTTLKpa- 
 rrjaac rwv eyOpoav. 74. Tavra Xeyovrcov^ ama-ieeiv yap 
 rov ABeifiavTov^ avTL'i raBe Xeyeiv, w? avrot oloi re elev 
 ayofievoL ofirjpoi airoOvrjcrKecv, r]v (ir) viKmvre^ <^aLvwvrat ot 
 
 EXXr]ve<;. ovrco Br) aiToarpe'^avra rrjv vea, avrov re kol 
 rov<^ aXXou^, err e^epyaa/jLevoiai eXOelv e? to arparoTreBov. 
 Tovrov^ fxev rofavrr) ^art^ e^et viro 'A6r]vai(t)v^ ov fievrot 
 avroi ye Koptvdioi o/xoXoyeovaL. aXX ev irpwroiai (T(pea<; 
 avrov^ rrj^ vaviia^Lri<^ vojil^ovcl yeveaOai^ fiaprvpeeL Be ct^l 
 KOI T) aXXrj 'EXXd<;. 'i^. ' ApLareiB7]<; Be 6 Avatfiaxov dvrjp 
 
 Adqvalo^;, rov kcll oXiyw n Trporepov rovrwv eTre/JbvqaOrjv 
 0)9 dvBpo^ apiGTOV^ ovTO^ ev ro) Oopv/Sro tovtw tm irept 
 2!aXa/iLva yevofievw raBe eiroiee' TrapaXa/Scov ttoXXovs rcov 
 OTrXireayv, ot Traparerd-^^^aro irapci rrjv aKrrjV rrj<; ^aXa/xt- 
 vtr)<! '^wprj^^ yevo^ eovre^i A6r]va2oLy 6? rrjv WvrraXcLav 
 VTjdOv CLTre^rjae aycov, ol tol>? Hepcra^ rov<; ev rrj vrjalBi 
 ravrr) fcare^nvevaav 7ravra<;. 
 
184 Retreat of Xerxes. [Herod. 
 
 ■760 '/2? Se T] vavfjua^lrj SteXeXyro, Kareipvaavre^ e? ty/V 
 XaXafJblva ol ' EXXrjve^ rwv vavr]yia)v oaa ravrr) eivy'^^ave 
 en eovra, erol/jiOL rjcrav e? aWrjv vav/jia^Lrjv, 6X7rL^ovT€<; 
 ttJctl 7repL6ovar](TL vrjvaL ere y^priaeaOat ^acrtXea. rcov Se 
 vav7]yLCi)v ttoXXo. viroXaficov av6ixo<i ^ecpvpo^i ecftepe tt/? 
 ATTLK7]<i €7rl Tfjv r)lova rrjv KoXeo (jLevrfv KcoXiaSa • coare 
 aTTOTrXrjcrai rov '^prjcrfiov tov re aXXov wavra rov irepu 
 TTj'^ vav/jba'^LT]^ ravTT]<; eiprj/jLevov Baiahi Kao Movcraicp, 
 KOI Sr/ Kol Kara 7 a vavrjyca ra ravrr) e^eveij^devra ro et- 
 prjfievov rroWolai ereai rrporepov rovrcov ev '^prjarfioj Avon,- 
 arparo) ^Adrjvatq) avBpL '^prja/ioXoyo), ro eXe\r]6€€ 7ravra<; 
 T0U9 ^ EXXr)va<;, 
 
 KcoXtaBe^i Be yvvaiKe^ eperjiolai, (^pv^ovai • 
 
 Tovro Be e/xcXXe a7reXa(Tavro<; ^aaiX€0<; eaeaOat. 
 
 77, He/of?;? Be, w? e/xaOe ro yey ovo^ 77a6o<^, Balaam fxi) 
 Ti<? r(ov Icovcou vTTodrjrai rolcn EXXrjat, r} avroL vorjacoori 
 rrXweiv 69 rov EXXr^crirovrov Xvaovre<; ra<; ye(f)vpa(;, koI 
 a7roXaiii(f)6ei<; ev rrj Evpcoirr} aTrdXeaOai KivByvevar), Bp-q- 
 a-fiov e/SovXeve • eOeXcov Be fxr) e7rcBr)Xo<; elvai fJb-qre rolai 
 ' EXXrjaL fir)r€ rolai ewvrov, e? rrjv ^aXa/xlva x^jjia errei- 
 paro Bia'^ovv, yavXovi re ^oiviKrjXov^ avveBee, tva avrt, re 
 (T')(eBiri<^ ecoac kcu ret^eo?, apreero re e? rroXe/iov, «? vav- 
 p.a-)(^Lr]v aXXrjv rroLTjaofxevo^. 6peovre<; Be fJiiv iravre'i ol 
 aXXoi ravra 7rpr]craovra, ev rjinarearo w? eK rravro^ voov 
 irapea Kevaarai jaevcov iroXefjurjaeiV • MapBovLov B ovBev 
 rovrfov eXavOave, &)<? fiaXiara efi'Treipov eovra tt}? eKetvov 
 Biavoirj^. 7H, Tavra re a/ia Aep^rf^; eirolee, Kai eTrefiTre 
 €9 Uepcra^ ayyeXeovra rrjV rrapeovaav cr^i (TVix(^opT]V, 
 Tovrmv Be rcov ayyeXcov eari ovBev 6 tl Oaaaov ira' 
 payiverai Ovrjrov eov • ovrco rolat, Uepo'rjcn e^evprjrai 
 
 ^ 
 
VIII., 108.] Tidings brought to Persia. 185 
 
 rouTO. \eyova-i yap^ co? oawv av rnjuepecov fj rj jraaa oSo^^ 
 ToaovTOL LTTTTOb T6 KaL avdpe<; oiearaaL^ Kaia ■ij/j.€pr]au]v 
 oSov eKuarrfV C7nT0<^ re Kau avr]p TeTay/jbevo<i^ rov^ ovre 
 1/406709, ovfc o/jL/3po<;, ov Kavjxa, ov vv^ epyec /xj] ou Kara- 
 vvaai Tov Trpotcetfjievov ecovro) Spo/jLov ti]v ra'^iaTrjv. 6 jjuev 
 Brj TrpcoTO^ Bpa/jicou irapahuhol ra evrerakfieva rep SevTeprp, 
 6 Be Sevrepo'^ ra> rpircp • to he evOevrev yjBt) kut aWov 
 Bce^ep^erai nrapaBiBopueva^ fcaruTrep EXXrjat i] XafXTraBq- 
 <f)optT], TT)!/ TU) Hc^atarcp einreXeovcn. rovro to SpapLrj/iLa 
 Twv iTTTTcov KoXeovat TIepaaL ayyapifi'ov. 79. H pueu Srj 
 Trpcorr} e? Xovcya ayyeXtrj aTrtKOfievrj^ aJ9 e^ot A6)]ua<; aep- 
 ^t;?, eTepyjre ovtco Br] rt ITepa-ecov TOf? v7ro\eL(f)6ei>Ta^, co? 
 ra? re oBov<; fivpaivrj Tracra? ecrropeaav, Kau eOvpaeov 6v' 
 fjLtrj/jLaTa^ Kai avrot rjaav ev OvairjaL re Kat evnadeLTjac • i] 
 Be Bevrepr) a^t ayyeXcrj eire^eXOovaa (Tvve-^ee ovtco, codTe 
 Toy? KiOcova^ KaTepprj^avTO TrauTe^^ ^orj re Kat, OLp^coyrj 
 e-^peovTo airXeTWy MapBoviov ev airirj TL6evTe<^. ov/c ovtco 
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VIII., 110.] Message of The^nistocles to the King. 187 
 
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188 Retreat of Xerxes, [Herod. 
 
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VIII, 118.] His Passage to Asia. 189 
 
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190 Retreat of Xerxes, [Herod. 
 
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 THUCYDIDES. 
 
 PYLUS AND SPHACTERIA. 
 
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 3. Kau 0)9 eyevovTO TrXeoyre? Kara rrjv AaKcovLfa]VY' Kai 
 eirvvOavovTO on at vrje'^ ev KepKvpa rjhr] eiau twv TleXo- 
 TTOvvrjaLcov, 6 pbev Evpv/juehcov kcll ^o(pOKXr]<? rjrreLyovro e? 
 Tr]v Kep/cvpav, 6 he Ar}iJLoa6evri<^ e? T7]v TIvXov irpQnov 
 eKeXeve a'^ovra^; avrov^ kol 7rpa^avTa<; a heu top irXovv 
 iroLelaOai • avrtXeyovTcov Se, Kara tv')(7}V 'yeificov eiriyevo' 
 fjLevo<^ KarrjveyKe ra? vav^ e? T7]v TivXov. 4. Kat o At)-] 
 p.oaOevr]'^ evOv^ tj^lov Tecyt^eadai to '^(opcov, — ewi tout^i 
 
IV., 6.] Fortifying of P/jlus. 19 
 
 o 
 
 f^ap ^vveirXevae, — Kai airec^aive ttoWtju eviroptav ^vXcov 
 T€ KttL Xidcov, Kac (f)va€i, Kaprepov ov, Kat eprj[iov avro 
 T€ Kat eiTL TToXv tt)? ^ct)pa? • avre^et yap arahlov^ fxd' 
 Xiara i] IIvXo<; Try? ^TTapT'r}<^ rerpaKoaLOV^, kcll eartv ev rrj 
 MeaarjVLa Tvore ovar) yrj, KoXovac Se avTi]v ol AaKeBat/no- 
 VLOL Kopvcpaaiov. ol Se 7roXXa<; ec^aaav elvai. aKpa<; ep-q- 
 fjLov<; rr}? Tl6XoiTOvv7]aoVy yv /SovXrjTat KaraXdfi^ai'wv rrjir 
 iroXtv hairavav. 5. co? he ovk eireiOev ovre rov<; arpari]- 
 tyov<^ ovre rov^ (T7paTL(OTa<;^ vcTTepov Kat roi? Ta^iapyoi^ 
 KCLVwaa<^, 7~iGV^at,€v viro aTrXota?, fJ^^XP^ avrol^i tol^ arpa- 
 Ticorat? axoXa^ovaiv opfjui) eireireae irepiOTaaiv eKreixtcrdi 
 TO ywpiov. Kai ey^eLpViaavre*; eipya^ovro, aiSripia fiev 
 Xidovpya OVK e^oi^re?, XoyaSrjv Be (f)epovTe<; Xidov^, kqi 
 ^vveTtdecrav w? eKaarov re ^vp.(3aLV0L * Kac rov tttjXov, et 
 irov Sent '^p-ijaOat, ayyecayu uTropia em rov vcotov e(f>epov, 
 €yKeKv<poTe<; re w? /jLaXtara fjieXXoL eTri/ieveiv, Kac rco %e^/?e 
 €9 ToviTtaco ^v/JLiTXeK0PTe<;, otto)? /jlt] aTTOTriTTTOL. 6. irnvTi 
 T€ rpoTTw rjTrecyovTo (f)6rjvat rov^ AaKehaipbOVLOV^i ra em- 
 fia^oiTara e^epyaaa/xevoL irpiv eirL/SoijOyjaat • to yap irXeov 
 Tov ^ft)p60u avTO Kuprepov uTn^p^^e^ Kai ovoev eoei ret^ou?. 
 OL Be eopT7]V riva erv^pv ayovre^, Kai ap,a irvvQavoixevoi 
 €v oXtycopia eiroiovvro^ co? brav e^eXdcocnv rj ov^ vTrofxe- 
 vovvra^ acf)a<; rj paBL(o<; XTjyp-ofievoL ^la • Kat tl Kac avTov<s 
 o GrpaTo<; en ev Tal<; A6rjvaL<i cov eTrea-^^v. T€i'^iaavT€<; 
 Be ol AdrjvaLOL rov ^wpioi; ra tt^o? 'qireipov Kai a fiaXiara 
 eSei ev r)fiepai(; e^, rov fxev ATj/jioaOevrjv /jiera vewv irevre 
 avrov (f)vXaKa KaraXeiirovcnv^ rai<i Be irXeioai vavai rov 69 
 rrjv KepKvpav irXovv Kai XiKeXiav rjireiyovro. 7, oi B ev 
 rrj ArriKrj ovre^ TleXoirovvria loi, «? errvOovro rrj<; UvXov 
 KareiXr]fx/iev7)<;, ave^oipovv Kara ra^o? ctt olkov, vo/jLi^ovr€<; 
 fiev ot AaKeBaijiovioi Kai ^ Aye's o ^aaiXev<i oiKeiov a^iai ro 
 
194 PyluB and SpJiacteria, [Thucyd. 
 
 nrept tj]v IJvXov • a/jua 8e Trpo) eo-^akovre^y Kat rov atrov 
 €TL '^Xcopov ovTo<^, eaiTavc^ov rpoc^rj^i roL<i TroXXot?, '^^eL/noyv 
 re ewLjevo/jLevo'^ fMei^cov irapa ttjv KadearTjKvlav Mpav 
 eTTtecre to crrpuTevfjua. cjcrre iroWa'^oOev ^uve/Sr) avayjj^- 
 prjaac re Oaacrov aurov; Kau l3pa'^vrarr]p fyeveaOai, rr}v 
 ea/SoXrju ravrrjv ' r]/ji€pa<; yap irevreKa^SeKa efieivav ev rrj 
 
 Am/crj. 
 
 8. Ava')(0}p7]aavra}V he rwv e/c rrj<^ ArrtKrj'^ HeXoToV" 
 V7]ai(0Vy oi Xirap-narai avroL fiev Kau ot eyjvrara ro)v 
 rrepiOLfcwv evdv<^ e^orjOovv eirc rrjv UvXov, rwv Se aXXcov 
 Aaicehaifiov iwv /SpaBurepa eytyvero 7] ec^oSo?, apn a<pLy/uLe- 
 vcov a(f> erepa^i arparLa<^. 'Trepn]yyeXXov he kul Kara rr)v 
 rLeXoTrovvrjcrov ^orjOelv on ra-^tara em UvXov, Kat eirt 
 rw^ ev rr) KepKvpa vav<i a(pcov ra<; e^rjfcoura erreiJi'^av^ ai 
 v'Trepeve')(6eio-aL rov AevKahtcov laOpiOv^ Kau Xadovcrao ra? 
 €P ZiiKwOw ArrtKa<i vav'^, acpLKvovvrai eirt UvXov iraprjv 
 he rjhr] kul o 'ttc^o^ <TTpaio<^. Ar}/ioaOepr}<; he, rrpocnrXeov- 
 rwv en rcov IleXoiTovvrjabodv, vTreKTrep-irei ^6acra<i hvo vav<} 
 ayyelXac Evpu/xehovn Kat rot? tv rai<i vavatv ev ZaKvuOcp 
 
 A6r]vaL0L<s irapelvai^ a)9 rov j^wpiov Ktvhvvevovro<;. kol al 
 fiev vrje<^ Kara ra^o? eirXeov Kara ra eirecrraXfjieva vtto 
 AriixoaOevov^ • 9. oi he Aa/cehac/jbovcot rrapecTKeva^ovro o)? 
 ra> rei^iaixan irpoajSaXovvre^ Kara re yrjv Kat Kara Oa- 
 Xacraav, eXm^ovre<^ pahbui<^ aiprjcreiv oLKohofir]/j,a hta ra^ecou 
 eipyaafievov, Kai avO pwrrwv oXtywv evovrcov. rrpoahe^O" 
 fievoL he Kau rrjv arro ZaKvvdov rwv ArrtKOiv vecov ^orf- } 
 Oeiav^ ev vo) el-^ov, rjv apa /jLT) rrporepov eXwcn^ kol rov<; j 
 eairXovs rov Xt/iievo<; efKppa^at, oirw'^ firj rj rol<i AOrjvaioi^ 
 e^opfJbtaaaOai 6? avrov. 10. tj yap vrjcrof; rj S(f)aKr7]pia 
 KaXovfjuevT} rov re Xifieva, rraparetvovaa Kau e'yyi;? eTrcKeL- 
 fJt'GVT}^ e^vpov iroiel Kau rovs eairXov^ arevov^, rfj fxev hvotv 
 
 
IV., 11.] Prcjmrations hj DcmosiJicncs. 195 
 
 veolv ZiaifKovv Kara to recy^bafia rwv AOtjvokov Kai ttjv 
 UvXov^ ry Be Trpo? Tr]V aWrjv rfireipov oktco r/ evvea • vKu)- 
 Srj<i re kuc arpi^rji; iraaa vtt eprj/jLia^; r)v, Kac /xeyedo^ irepl 
 TreureKatBe/ca o-raBLOv; /jbaXtaTa. tou? fxev ovv ecnrXov^ 
 Tat9 vavcTLV avriiTpwpoL'^ j3v^rjv Kkijaeiv e/xeWov • tijv Be 
 vr)aov ravrrjv (f)o(3ovfi€voL (jltj e^ avTi)<; top TroXefiov acfxat 
 nroLWVTaL, oir\LTa<^ Bie/StlSaaav €9 avrrjv Kai irapa rrjv 
 rjireipov aWov; era^av. 
 
 11. AT]fioadevr]<^ Be, opcov tov<; AaKeBai/iWinov<; fie\- 
 Xovra<; irpoa^aWeiv vavac re a/ma Kai vre^iw, Trapecr/cev- 
 a^€TO Kac auTO?, Kac ra? Tpci]pec'^ aiirep t/aav avro) airo 
 Tcov KaraXeccpdecacov ava<T7raaa<; vnro to Tec^ca/jca Trpoa- 
 ecTTavpcoaev, Kac TOf? vavTa^ e^ avrcov oyrrXcaei' aarrccn re 
 (pavXacf; Kac ocavcvac? rat? TroXXac^ • ov yap ijv orrXa ev 
 '^(opcw eprijuLO) iropcaaaOac^ aXXa Kac Tavra e/c XrjarpcKr)'^ 
 M.eaar)viwv rpcaKOVTopov Kac KeXrjT0<; eXa/Sov, ol eru^ov 
 Trapayevo/jcevoi. 12. OTrXcTac re rwv Meao-r/vccov tovtcdv 
 ft)? recraapaKovra eyevovro, ot? ey^prjro fiera r&v aXXwv, 
 T0U9 pbev ovv iroXXov^ rcov re uottXcov Kac wirXca fxevwv errc 
 TO, rerec^cafxeva /jcdXcara Kac e')(^vpa rev '^copcov tt^o? rrjv 
 rjirecpov era^e^ irpoecirwv a/iivvaaOac rov iretov, rjv irpoa- 
 piiXXr]' avro<; Be, airoXe^diievo^ €k Trdvrcov e^rjKOvra ottXc- 
 Ta? Kai ro^ora<; oXcyov<;, e-)(^wpec e^co rov recy^ov'^ em ri]v 
 OaXaaaav, y jiaXcara eKecvov<; TrpoaeBe^ero rrecpaaecv 
 airo/Sacvecv. 
 
 13. Ol Be AaKeBac/Jcovcoc, apavT€<;, rep re Kara yrjv ar pa- 
 ra) Trpoae^aXXou ro) rec^cafxarc Kac rac^ vavacv afxa, ov- 
 (Tat? reaaapaKOvra Kac rpccrcv ' vavap')(o<; oe avrwv eire- 
 irXec SpaavfjirfXcBa^ 6 KparrjacKXeov^;, Xiraprcary)'; • 
 Trpoae^aXXe Be yirep o Ar]/j.oaOevrj<^ wpoaeBe^^ero. Kac ot 
 fiep ^ Adr)valoc d/KporepcoOev^ €k re yr]<^ Kac €k OaXaaaijf;, 
 
196 Pyliis and Bpliacteria. [Thucyd. 
 
 r)[JivvovTO ' oi be Kar oXtya^ vav<; ol€\o/jL€voi, oiotl ovk rjv 
 wXeioac irpoaa'^elvy Kau ava7TavovT€<; ev rco fiepet, rou? 
 €7ri7r\ov<; eiroLovvTO, irpoOvfJuta re iraar) "^pcofievoi Kat 
 irapa/ceXeva/jioi), eu tto)? waafxevoi eXotev to ret^^cr/^a. 
 14. TTcivTcov Se (^avep(i>raTO<; BpaatSa<; eyevero. rpcrjpap- 
 ywv yap^ kol opwv rou '^copcov '^aXeTrov bvTo<; rou? rpt- 
 rjpdp'^ov^ Koi KV^€pvriTa<;^ 6l tttj Kat Sokoltj Zvvarov eivai 
 ayelv^ a7roKVOvvra<; Kac (f)vXacro-ofjL€vov(^ twv vewv /jlt) ^vv- 
 rpiyp-axTiv, e^oa Xeycov w? ov/c et/co? eorj, ^vXcov (^eihoixevov^, 
 Tov<; TToXepLLOV^ ev rrj X^P^ irepuSelv rel^o'^ 7re7roLr}fievov<^^ 
 aXXa Tct? re atperepa'^ vav<i /Sta^o/xei'ou? ttjv airo^aaiv 
 Karayvvvai CKeXevev^ Kac tol"? ^vfjufjiaxpy^ fJ^V aTroKvrjcrat 
 avTi jxeyaXwv evepyeaicov ra^ vav<; rol<; AaKeBaL/jLOvtoc<i ev 
 TO) TrapovTi eirthovvaL, 0KecXavTa<i Se Kat iravn rpoirco 
 a7ro^avra<;, rwv re avBpcov Kac rou ^(W^iou KpaTrjcrai,. 
 1'5. Kac 6 /jLep rov<i re aXXov<; roiavra eireaiTepx^v^ Kac tov 
 eavTov KV^epvrjTTjv avay/caaa^ ofceiXat rr]v vavu, e^oipet, ein 
 Tryi/ aiTopaupav ' Kac 7recpoofi€vo<; airopatveLV^ aveKoirr) viro 
 Tcov AdjjvaLcoVy /cat TpavfiaTLa6€L<i TroXXa eXeLiroy^v^'riore 
 re Kac ireaovro^ avrov €9 rr]v rrape^ecpeacav r] acr7ri<^ irepi' 
 eppvT) e? Tr)v OaXaacrav^ Kac e^epex^eccrr)'; avTrj<; e? rr/i/ yrjv, 
 OL Aurjvaioc aveXo/xevoc varepov Trpo<^ to rpoiraiov e^pfl' 
 aavTo b earrjaau rrj<; Trpocr/SoX?}? TavTr)<^. oc 8 aXXot 
 irpovdv/jLOVvTO fiep, aSvvaroc 8 rjaav airolSrjvac, rcov re ^w- 
 pccoi> yaX^'^^'^V^^ ^^^ '^^^ AOrjvaccov fievovrwv Kac ovoev 
 viroxj^povvToyv. 16. e? rovro re irepcecnri ?; tv^^. mcttg 
 A6rjvacov<^ fiev eK yrj<; re Kac raurrj^i AaKcovcKi]<; a/xvveadai 
 eKecvov^ eiTC7rXeovra<^^ AaKehacfiovcov^ Be €k vecov re Kac e? 
 TTju eavrwv rroXejxcav ovaav eir Adrjvacov; airo^acvecv 
 eiTL iroXv yap errocec rrj<i So^rj^; ev rw rore, roc<; fiev yrret- 
 p(Drac<; fiaXcara ecvac Kac ra Tre^a Kparcaroc<;, rot? oe 
 OaXatTdcoLf; t€ Kat rat? vavac irXelarov irpoex^tv. 
 
IV., 14.] Attack on the Spartan Fled. 197 
 
 17. Tav^rjv fxev ovv njv ri/xepav Kai rr}? v(TT€paia<; 
 fiepo^ TL irpoa^o\a<^ TroLrjcra/xevoL eTTerravvTo • Kat rrj rpLrrj 
 eirl ^vXa €<; /jL7])(^ava<i irapeireiJiy^rav rcou veoov TLua<; e? 
 AatvTjv, eX7rL^uvT€<i to Kara tov Xifieva ret^o? i;-v|ro9 /Ltei/ 
 eyetv, airo^aaews 3e ixuXiara ovar)<; eXetv fiTj-^avalf;. ev 
 TOVTQ) Se at €fc TTj'^ ZaKvvOov vrjef; rwv AOrjvaLwv irapa- 
 yLyvovrat, TrevTTjKovTa • Trpoae^orjOrjaav yap rcov re cf)pov- 
 pchwv 7LV6<; avTOL's Twv etc NaviTciKrov Kat Xtac T€aaape<;. 
 ft)? Be elSov 'n]V re r^ireipov ottXltwv •nepirrXewv ttju re 
 vfjaoVy ev re ro) Xt/jLevt ovaa<; rti? vav<; Kat ovk eKTrXeou- 
 aa^, a7roprjaavr€<^ birr] Kadop/jLicrcovrat, rore jiev 6? TIpw- 
 rijv rr]v vijaov, 7] ou rroXv arre^et, €pr]fiO'^ ovaa., eirXevaav 
 Kat rjvXtaavro, rfj 8 vcrrepata TrapaaKevaaafxevot w? errt 
 vavfiayiaif avrjjovro, rjv fjtev avreKirXeiv eOeXcoat acf^icrtv 
 e? rrjv evpvywplav^ et Be jjlt], (w? avrot eTreaTrXevaov/ievot. 
 Kut ol fiev ovre avravrfjovrOy ovre a Bteuo7]6r](jav^ (j)pa^at. 
 Tou? eairXovs^ erv^ov Trotrjcravre^;, r]av^a^ovTe<; B ev rrj 
 yrj rd^ re vav'^ eirXripovv Kat rrapecTKeva^opro, yv eoirXer) 
 rL<;, <y? ev rco Xtfievt ovrt ou a/jttKpM vaviia'^r\(Jovre<i. 
 18. ol B^ ^A6r)va?ot <yvovre<; KaO CKurepov rov earrXovv 
 oypfjtycrav eir avrov^, Kat ra<i fjtev 7r\€tov<; Kat fxerewpov^ 
 rjBr] rcov vecov Kal avrtirpcppov^ irpO(jrreaovre<^ e? ^v'yr]v 
 Karearrjaav^ Kat errtBtwKovre^; co? Bta l3pa'^eo<; erpwaav 
 fiev TToXXa?, irevre B* eXa^ov Kal fxtav rovrwv avroi<; uv- 
 Bpdatv raU Be Xotirat'^ ev rrj yr} Kara7re(f)evyvtat<i eve^aX- 
 Xov. at Be Kal irXrjpov/JLevat ert irplv avuyeaOat eKoirrovro. 
 Kat rtva^ Kal dvaBovfxevot Kevd<; elXKOv, rwv avBpwv e? c^v- 
 yrjv ajp/JLTj/jievcov. 19. a 6pct)vre<; ot AaKeBatfiovtot Kat 
 ireptaXyovvre^; ro) rrdOet., ort irep aurcov ot avBpet; aTreXa/n- 
 ^dvovro ev rrj vrjacp., 7rape^orj6ovv^ Kat e7rea/3atvovre<^ e? 
 TftV OdXaaaav ^vv rol<^ o7rXot<^ avOelXKov eirtXaix^avofjLevni 
 
198 Pyliis and Sphaderia. [Thucyd. 
 
 rwv vecov • Kac ev rovrtp KeKcoXvcrOai eSoKei hfcaaro*; o) /jlt) 
 TLVi Kat avTO<=; epyw iraprjv. eyevero re o 6opvl3o<i fxeyas;, 
 Kai avTTjWay/jbei'O'i 70v e/carepoyv rpoirov^ Trepc Ta<; vav<i, 
 ov T6 yap AaKehaijjbovLOL vtto 7rpo6u/Jica<; Km 6K7r\r]^€co<i^ 
 609 eiireiv^ aXKo ovhev rj etc yrjf; evav/jia'^ovv • ot re AOrj- 
 valoL KparovpTe^, Kat jSovXofjLevot, ry Trapovarj Tf^-?; w? errrt 
 TrXelcTTOv eire^eXOelv^ diro vecov eTre^o/jLU'^ovv. ttoXvv re 
 irovov irapaa'^ovTe'^ aWrj\oL<; kul Tpav/jbari(TavTe<^, Ste/cpc- 
 6r](7aVt Kat ov AaKeSat/jLovtoc ra? Keva<; vam TrXrjv r6)v to 
 irpcDTOv \ri<^6eiawv hieawaav. KaracTTavTe^; he eKarepoL 
 €9 TO arparoTreBov, ot fxev rpoTrolov re earrjaav Kac veKpov^ 
 aTreSocrav Kat vavayccov eKpajrjaav^ Kat rrjv vrjaov ev6v<i 
 irepteirXeov, Kat ev <f)v\aKy el^ov &)? rcov avSpcov aireCK7]fjb- 
 fxevwv ' ot 8 ev rrj rjiretpw UeXoirovvriaLOt Kat airo rravrcov 
 rjhrj l3el3or)67)KOTe<; e/ievov Kara ')(^copav eiri rrj HvXw. 
 
 20. E^ he Ti]v ^7rapT7]v «? rjyyeXOrj ra yeyevrjixeva 
 irept TlvXov^ eBo^ev avTo2<i, &>? eirt ^v/jL(f)opa fxeyaXi-j, ra 
 reXr} Kara^iivra^ e? to aTparoireBov ^ouXevetv, Trapa'^prj- 
 fia 6p(ovTa<;^ 6 rt av Boktj. Kat «? eiSov aSvvarov ov ti/ulo)- 
 pelv Tot? avBpaat^ Kat KtvBvvevetv ovk e^ovXovro rj vtto 
 Xt/jLov rt rraOelv avrovs t) vtto ttXtjOov^; ^tao6evra<^ Kparrj- 
 Orjvat, eSo^ev avrol<^y rrpa TOf? arparrjyou<; rcov AOrjvaLcov, 
 rjv eOeXwat^ a7rovBa<^ 7rotr]ara/jtevov<i ra irept IIuXov, arro- 
 aretXat e? Ta? A6r]va<^ rrpea^ef^ rrrepl fu/u/Sacrea)?, Ka\ 
 T0U9 avBpa<^ 0)9 rw^tcrra TretpaaOat KOjjLtaaaOat. 21. ^e- 
 ^afievwv he rcov arparijycov rov Xoyov, eyiyvovro arrovhat 
 rotatoe. AaKeoaipLovtov^ fiev ra<; vav<; ev at<i evau/jbii'^Tjaav 
 Kat ra<s ev rrj AaKcovtKj] iraaa^;, bcrat rjaav /jtaKpat, irapa- 
 hovvat KO/jLL(Tavra<} €9 IIvXov AOrjvatoi^ij Kat oirXa fjtr} eirt- 
 ^epetv ru) ref^tcr/xart firjre Kara yrjv fjirjre Kara OaXaaaav, 
 AOrjvatov; he rot<; ev rrj V7]a(p avhpaat crtrov ectv rov^ ev 
 
JV., 21.] Spartan Emhassy to Athens. 190 
 
 rri rjireipcp AaKehaifiovlov^ iK-jrefiTreiv raKrov kul ixeiiayixe- 
 vov, hvo xotvuca'; eKclartp 'Attlku^ d\<^lrwv Kal 8vo kotv- 
 Xa?^ olvov Kal fcpea^, OepdirovrL Be rovrcov i]p.[aea, lavra 
 6e 6p(ovr(ov rwv 'AOr^valcov, lairi^xireiv, Kal nrXolov firjSev 
 eaTrXecv XdOpa- (fivXdaaeiv hi Kal r^v vi]aov ' A9r]va[ov<;: 
 fivhev r^aaov, oaa fi^ d7ro/3alvovTa<;, Kal EirXa fi^ eiTL(f)e' 
 petv rd) IleXoTropvrjatfov arpara) ^r,T€ Kara yyv /x-qre Kard 
 edXaacrav, 22. 6' rt 8' hv rodrcDv Trapa/Salvcoacv iKdre- 
 poL Kal ^TLodv, rdre XeXdaOac Ta9 a7rovBd<i. eaTrelaOat Be 
 avrd^ p,expc ov liraveXewGLv ol e/c rwv ' AOr^vwv AaKehat- 
 fiovtcov irpeo/Set^' diroarelXaL Be avrov^ rpi-qpet 'AOrjvat- 
 ou? Kal TrdXiv KOfilaai. iXddvrcov Be, rd^; re airovBd^ 
 XeXvaOai. Tadra<;, Kal ra? mO? dnoBodpav 'AO-qvalov^^ 6fxola^ 
 olaairep av TTapaXd(3cDaLv. al p^lv a-rrovBal eirl rodroi<^ 
 eyevovro, Kal al v^e^ irapeBdOrjaav ovaai -rrepl i^riKOpra, 
 KaL OL TTpea/BeL^ direardXyaav. . . . 
 
 ' 23. 01 ftev ovv AaKeBaiiLovioi rocravTa elirov, vofit^ovre^; 
 Tou? 'Aerjvalov^ ev tc3 irplv xpdfcp (TttovBwv fiep eirLevpielv, 
 c7(f)(Dv Be evavTLovpievwv KcoXveaOai, BiBoiievr]^ Be elprjvrj^ 
 dafiefm Be^eoOal re Kal rou^ duBpa^ diroB^aeiv. ol Bk 
 ra^ fiev G'ttovBu^, exovTe<; rou^ dvBpa<; ev rrj J/rJcrw, rjBrj 
 a(t>caLv IvofxL^ov eroljuov^ elvai, oirdrav jSovXcovrai, Troiel- 
 aOat TT^o? auTov?, rou Be irXeovo^ copeyovro. 24. fidXiara 
 Be avTov^ evriye KXeaw 6 KXeacverov, dv^p Btj/naycoyo^i 
 KUT eKelvov rov xpdvov cov Kal tw irXrfiei irLeavwraro^; • 
 Kai eTretaev airoKpLvacOai w? xpV '^^ /j.ev oirXa Kal a(f)a<! 
 avTov^ rou^ ev rrj vrjao) TrapaBdvra^ irpwrov KOfiiadyjvac 
 AOrjva^e, eXOdvrcov Be, diroBovra^; AaKeBatfiovLOV^ Niaaiav 
 
 Koi /iT^ya? Kal Tpoi^ijva Kal 'Axatav, a ov iroXefiw 
 
 eXa^ov aXX diro rrj^ irporepa^ ^u/u^daeo)^, 'AO-qvalwv 
 ^vyxojprjadvTwv Kara ^VfjL<f)opd^ Kal ev rw rdre Beo/ievcov 
 
200 Pyliis and Sphacteria. [Thucyd. 
 
 TL fJbaXkov (TirovZwv^ — KOfxiaao-Oai rov^ avSpa<;^ Kac (tttov- 
 Ba<i 7roL7]craa6aL oTToaov av Soktj '^povov a/i(f)OTepoc<^. 
 25. oL Be irpo^ fxev riqv airo/cptcTLv ovBev avrecTTOv, ^vi>e- 
 Spov<; Be a^iaiv eiceXevov eXeaOai, oiTive'^ XeyovTe^ kcu 
 aKOvovTe<^ irepi e/caarov ^v/JL/BrjorovraL Kara i]av')(^Lav 6 n av 
 TreidcoaLv aWi^Xov^;. KXecov Be evravOa Brj ttoXu? eve/cecro, 
 Xeycov yiyvcoa/ceLV fjuev Kac nrporepov ovBev ev va> 6'^ovTa<; 
 BiKatov avTov<i, aa(f)e^ B elvai Kat vvv^ oiTLve<^ tw fxev 
 7rXr]6ei ouBev eOeXovatv etireLv, oXiyotf; Be avBpdat ^vveBpoL 
 /SovXovrai yuyveaOaL' aXXa ec re vjLe<; BtavoovvTaL^Xeyeiv 
 eKeXevaev arraaiv. 6pcoi>T€<; Be ot AaKeBatfiovLOL ovre 
 cr^Laiv otov re ov ev 7rX7]6et eiiretv^ eo re Kat viro t?}? ^t'/z- 
 <j)opa^ eBoK€L avTo2<; ^vy^wpelv^ fxr] e? toi;? ^Vfjb/Jbwy^ov^; Bca- 
 ^\7]6co(7iv eiirovre^ Kau ov rv^ovre^, ovre TOf? ^Adrjvaiov^ 
 eiTL /JLerpLOt^; 7roir]aovTa<i a irpovKaXovvro, aveywprjcrav eic 
 Ta)^' AOrjVwv airpaKTOi. 26. acf)LKOjjievcov Be avrcov, BteXv- 
 ovTo evOv^ at crirovBat at, nrept TIvXov, Kat, ra? vav^ oi 
 AaKeBatfjiovLoi aTryrovv, KaOairep ^vveKeiro • ol B AOtj- 
 valoL eyKXrujbara e'^ovre^; — eTnBpojUbr^v re Ta> Tef^^^bo-fxan 
 TrapaaTTovBov Kat aXXa ovk a^toXoya BoKOVvra elvai — ovk 
 aireSlBoaav, ta'^vpt^ofievoc on Br) etpTjro^ eav Kac otlovv 
 irapa^aOr}^ XeXvaOai Ta<i a7rovBa<^. oh Be AaKeBac/novLOi 
 avreXeyov re Kai, aBLKrjfjba einKaXeaavTe'^ to twv vecov, 
 aireX66vre^ 69 iroXejJLOV KaOidTavro. 27. Kau ra Trept 
 JJvXov vir afKJiOTepcov Kara KpaT0<; eTToXe/juelro, AOi^valoi 
 fxev Bvolv veolv evavrcatv aet rijv vrjaov irepLTrXeovre'^ t?;? 
 Yjijuepa^^ — tt)? Be vvkto<; Kat cnrao-ac irepLcop/jiovv, ttXtjv ra 
 TT^o? TO 7reXayo<^, oirore ave/xCs ecr) • Kac €k twv AOrjvwv 
 avToc^ ecKocTc vrje<; acpcKOVTO e<? r^yi^ (puXaKijv^ cjcrre ac Traaat 
 i^Bo/uirifcovra eyevovro, — rieXoTrovvrjacoc Be ev rfj rjiretpw 
 '.TOireBevofievoc Kac irpoa/doXa'i irocovfievoc ra> rec^ec. 
 
IV., 2 6. J Blockade of SjjJiaderia. 201 
 
 (TKOTTovvre^i Kaipov et rt? irapaireaoi cocrre Tov<i avbpa<i 
 
 acoaai. 
 
 2§. Ei> Be TT] IIvXw en eirokLopKovv Tov<i ev rrj vriaca 
 AaKehaLiJLOViov<^ ot AOrjvaLOt, Kau to ev rrj rjTreipfo drparo- 
 irehov Tcov TleXoTrovvqaLWV Kara '^copav e/xei/eu, e7rL7roi>o<i 
 S rjp Toa A67]vaiot<; 7] cf)v\afC7] aiTov re airopia koc vSa- 
 TO? • ov yap 7;f Kpi]Vij ore /mt] fita ev avrrj rrj uKpoiroXet, 
 TTJ^i UvXov^ KaL avTT} ou fiejaXr), uXXa hiafiwixevot rov 
 K(i'v\r)Ka OL TTAeiaroc eiri ry uaKaaar) eiTLVov olov euKOfi 
 vSoyp. arevo^oypia re ev oXljw aTpaToiTehevopLevoi<^ eyc- 
 yvero • kul twv vewv ovk e'^ovacov opfiov, at fiev otltov ev rrj 
 yrj rjpovvTO Ka-ra piepo^. au Be fierecopoc 6jpjj,ovv. 29. u6u- 
 fjLiav Te irXeKnTjv o ')(_povo<; irapei'^e irapa Xoycv emyLyvo- 
 fjLevo<;, ov<i wovro rj/iepcov oXtycov eK7roXiopKT]aecv, ev vrjaco 
 re epijfiT] Kai vSari, dXfivpaj '^pco/xevov^, amov he rjv ol 
 AaKeSaLfiOvioL^ 7rpoei7rovTe<; 69 rrjv vncyop ecrayeiv alrov re 
 rov /SovXo/jLevov aXrjXeapevov /cav olvov Kac et n aXXe 
 ^pcoua, olov av e? TroXcopKiav ^v/j^cpepy, ra^avre<; apyvpiov 
 ttoaXov, fcai rcov ElXcotcov ru> eaayayovri eXevQepiav vm- 
 a-^voviievoL. kol ecrrjyov aXXot re 7rapaKLvBuvevovTe<; /cat 
 pLaXiara ol EtXcoTe<s, a7raipov7e<; utto t?}? IIeXo7rovvr,aou 
 OTToOev rv^oiev^ Kac Kara7rXeovTe<; en vvkto<; e? ra Trpo? 
 TO 7reXayo<; tt}? vricrov. 30. fxaXiara he eriipovv uvefj-w 
 KaTa(pepea6ac • paov yap rrjv (f)vXaKr]V rcov rpuiqpwv eXav- 
 uavov, oirore rrvevpa eK irovrov eurj • airopov yap eyiyvero 
 ireptopfxelv, rol^ he a(l)eLhr](; 6 KarairXov; KaOeariiKeL • 
 eTTwKeXXov yap ra rrXoia rercp^rj/xeva '^prj/uiarajv, kqi. o(, 
 oirXlrai irepi, ra<i Kardpaei^ rrj^ vrjaov e(f>vXaaaov. oaot 
 he yaXrjvr) Kcvhweuaetav rjXtaKOvro, ecreveov he Kai Kara 
 rov Xt/xeva KoXv/x/Srjrac v^vhpoL^ KaXcohtoj ev acrKOL<; ecpeX- 
 Kovre<i /jirjKcova pep,eXircop.evr)v Kac Xlvov arrepixa KCKOfx- 
 
202 Pylm and Sphacteria. [Thucyd. 
 
 fievov ' (Of TO Trpcorov Xavuavovrcov^ cpvXaKaL varepov eye- 
 vovTO • iravTi re rpoirw eKurepoL ere^vcovTo, ol fjuev eaire/JL' 
 ireiv ra aLTia^ ol he fjur) \av6aveiv a(f)a<i, 
 
 31. Ef Se ral^ Adr]vai<^ irvvOavo^evoL irepi Trj<; arpa- 
 Tta?, OTL rdXaLTrcopeLTac Kat (tIto<; tol<; ev ry vriaw on 
 ecTTrXet, rjiropovv Kau eSeSocKeaav /jlt] a(f)cov '^ei/j.cov 'n]v <pv- 
 \aK7]v eTTikalBoi. Travrcov he ecpo^oupTO fiaXiara rov^ 
 AatcehaLfjLovLov^y on e^oi^ra? n ca'^vpov auTov<; evofii^ou 
 ovfcert a^iaiv em/^rjpvKeveadac • Kao /jLerefxeXovTo Ta<^ 
 aiTOvha^; ov he^afxevoL. 32. KXecou Be, yvov; avrwv rrjv 
 €9 avTov viro'^Lav irepu tt}? kwXv iJL'r)<^ tt}? ^vfi,8aa€0)<;^ ou 
 Ta\7]6rj e(f)7] Xeyeiv tou? e^ayyeWovra'^. nrapaivovvTcov 
 he rcov acpLj/iievwi', et fir) acf)Lcrt TnarevovcrL^ KaTaaK07rov<^ 
 Tiva<; ire/jLylrat, ifpeOrj KaTaaK07ro<^ avro<^ fiera Seoyevov^^ 
 viTo AOrjvaLwv ' Kac yvov^ on avayKaG6i]aerat rj ravra 
 Xeyetv ot? hte^aWev r) ravavna eiTrcov i^euS^;? (pavrjae- 
 a-Qai^ Traprfueo TOL<i A6r)vaL0L'i, opcov avrou^ Kat (opfirj/xe- 
 J/0U9 Tt TO irXeov rrj yvwar) arparevetv^ o)? '^prj KaraaKo- 
 irov^ fiev fjLT] irefjiTTeiv fxrjhe hiafieWeiv Katpov 7rapLevTa<^, 
 €L he BoKel avToh aXrjdrj eivat ra ayyeXXofxeva^ irXelv ein 
 rov^ avhpa<;. Kat e? NtKiav rov NcKrjpaTOV arpaTrjyov 
 ovra aTTeariiJLaivev^ e^6po<; cov koI emnfMcoPy pahiov elvai 
 nrapacTKevrj^ et avhpe<i elev ol arparTjyoL, irXevaavra'; Xa- 
 ^elv TOv<i ev rrj vrjaw, kul avro'^ y av^ et rjp'^ev, TroLrjaac 
 
 TOVTO. 
 
 33. O he Nlklu^;^ rcov re AdrjvaLcov tl viroOopv^iqaav- 
 rcov e? TOP KXecoua, 6 tl ov kcll vvv irXeeL et paZiov ye 
 avTco (paiveTaL^ kul afia opwv avTov eTTLTLjJLwvTa^ e/ceXevev 
 TjVTLva iSovXeraL hwafJULv XajSovTa to eirl a(f)a<; elvaL eiTL- 
 yeLpelv. o he to /jbei> TrpcoTov^ OLOfievo<i avTOV Xoyw [lovov 
 a<f)LevaL, erolfMO's rjv • yvov<; he Ttp ovtl irapahwaeiovTa^ ave- 
 
 ^ 
 
IV., 29.] Cleon appointed Commander. 20 
 
 Q 
 
 '^copec, Koi ovK e(f)7] avTO<^ aX\ eKelvov arparrjyelv^ Se8i&)9 
 rjSrjy Kai ov Kav OLo/jLevo<; ol avrov ro\/j,r]aai viro-^wpriaaL, 
 avOa Be o NiKca<; e/ceXeue, Kac e^iararo t^? evrt TIv\(o 
 ap')(rj<s, Kai fiaprvpa^ rov^ A6r]vaiov<; eiroielro. 34. ol he, 
 olov o'^\o<; <f)iXeL irouelv^ o<j(p /xaWov o KXetov virecpeuye 
 Tov ttXovv kuc e^ave'^copet ra ciprj/ieva, roaw eireKeKevovro 
 TO) NcKca TrapaSiBovac T'r]v ap'^rjv, kul eKetvcp enre^ooyv 
 nrXelv. wcrre ovk e^cov ottcd^ tcov etprjfxevcov en e^airaX- 
 Xayjj, v^LCTTarai rov ttXovv^ Kai TrapeXdcov ovre (^o^elaOat 
 €(f)r) AaKehaijjLovLov^, irXevceaOai re Xa^cov etc jiev rrj^ iro- 
 Xeo)? ovheva^ Ar}/jLVLOv<; Be /cat lyUySptou? tou? 7rapovra<;, 
 KUL TreXraaTci'^ ol r)aai> etc re Acvov ^€^0T]6r)K0Te(;^ Kau 
 aXXoOev ro^ora^ rerpafCoaLOVs ' ravra Be e^wv, ecprj, irpo*^ 
 Tot? ev TlvXw arparLcorai^, evro<; 'i]fLepcov eiKoatv r) a^ecv 
 AaKeBaifjLovcov<i ^covra^; 7] avrov diroKreve'lv. rot? Be AOtj- 
 vaioi<^ eveireae fiev re Kat yeXcoro<; rrj KovcpoXoyta avrov • 
 aaiJievoL<^ B 6/jL(o<; eyiyvero rol<; ao)cf)po(ji rcov avOpcoircov, 
 XoyL^o/jLevoL<; Bvolv ayaOolv rov erepov rev^eaOat, 7] KXeco- 
 vo<; arrdXXayrjaeaOai (b fJiaXXov rjXiTL^ov^, r] acjiaXelac 
 yvo)/jLr)<i AaiceBaifioviov^ (t^lgl '^eipwaaadat. 
 
 35. Kai TTuvra BiaTrpa^dfievo'^ ev rf) eKKX'qcna^ Kai 
 yjrT^cpLaafievcov A6r]vaL(cv avru> rov ttXovv^ tcov re ev UvXcp 
 arparrjywv eva TrpoaeXo/jbevo^;, ArjfjLoaOevrjv^ rrjv avaycoyrjv 
 Bia rd')(^ov<; eiroielro. rov Be Ar]/jLoa6ev7)v irpoaeXa/Se ttvv- 
 6av6fievo<; rrjv airo^acnv avrov e? rriv vrjcrov BtavoelaOac. 
 ol yap arpartcorai, KaK07radovvre<; rov ^wptou ry airopia, 
 Kol fiaXXov TToXLOpKovfxevoi 7] rroXiopKOvvre<i^ cop/xrjvro Bia- 
 KivBvvevaai. Kai avro) en pco/jbrjv Kai r) vr)ao<; efiTrprjaOecaa 
 irapea'^ev. rrporepov fiev yap avrrj'^ ova7]<; vA.(ooov^ erri 
 ro TToXv Kai drpi^ov^ Bid ri]v ael eprnjnav, e(j)o^eLro, Kai 
 7rpo<i rcov rroXefxicov rovro evo/jLL^e fxaXXov elvac • ttoXXq) 
 
204 Pylm and SjjJiacteria. [Thucyd. 
 
 fyap av arpaTonTehcp airo^avrt e^ a(j)avov<:; '^copcov Trpoa- 
 ^aWovra^ avTov<; ^Xdmeiv. 36. twv 8e arpaTtcoroyv 
 avajKaauevTcoi' out r7]v arevo'^copLav t?^? V7]<jov Tot? 6(7^^*- 
 Tot? TTpoaLcr^ovra'^ apcorroTroceladaL Sta irpocpvXaKrjf;, /cat 
 €fi7rp7](Tav70'i Tivo<i Kara fitfcpov Trj<; vX7)<; aicovro^, \j<:aL\ 
 aiTo TovTov TTvevfiaro'^ eTnyevoixeuov to iroXv aviT]^ eXaue 
 KaratcavOeu. outco Bt] roi;? re AatcehaipiovLov^: fJuaXkov 
 Kanhcov TrXetovs bvTa<; yvirovooiv Trporepov eXaaaoai. tov 
 alrop auTov<i ecrTre/xTretvj tt]^ re vrjaov evairo^aicdrepav ov- 
 aav, rore — w? €7r a^to)(^pe(ov rov^ AdrjvaLov^ fxaXXov 
 aTTOvBrjv iroielcFdaL — Tr]v eTTL'^eiprjcnv irapeaKeva^ero, 
 aTparidv re fieraire/jLTTcou e/c twv ejyv^ ^upLfia^cop, Kai ra 
 aXXa eroifia^cov. 
 
 S7. KXeoiv 8e, eiceivw re TrpoTre/x-vIra? ayyeXov (o^i i]^^^, 
 KUL e-^(ov arparcav rjv r)Tr\Garo^ a(^iKvelTaL €<? UvXov. kuu 
 afxa yevojievoL irepiTrovaL irpayrov e? ro ev rrj rjireupcp arpa- 
 TOTreSov Ki]pvKa^ irpoKaXov/jievoL ei, ^ovXotvro avev Ktvhvvov 
 TOv<i ev TTj vr]a(p avBpa<; a^iai ra re birXa kul cr^a? av- 
 rov<i KeXeveiv TrapaSovvaL, e<p o) (pvXafcy rrj ixerpua rrjpri- 
 aovrai, eco? av rt irepu rov TrXeoi^o? ^vfx^aOrj. ov irpoahe- 
 ^a/jLevcov Be avrcov^ pbtav jjuev i]ix€pav errea'^ov^ ttj 3 varepata 
 avrjyayovro jiiev vvk.to<^, eir oXiya^; vav^ rov<^ OTTAiTa? ttuv- 
 Ta<; eTrtySi^acrai^Te?, Trpo Be tt}? eo) oXiyov aire^aivov tt;? 
 V7]crov e/carepcoOev, e/c re rov TreXayov^ kul irpo'^ rov Xi[ie' 
 1^09, oKraKocnot fiaXtara ovre^ birXlrat, Kai eywpovv Bpofio) 
 eTTi ro irpcorov ^vXaKrrjpiov rrj<; vr}aov. 38. d)Be yap Bte- 
 rera^aro • ev ravrrj fiev rrj irpwrrj (pvXaKjj cd? rpcaKOvra 
 Tjaav oTrXlrat, fxecrov Be Kat o/xaXwrarov re koI ire pi ro 
 ifBcop OL rrXeiaroL avrcov Kat E7nraBa<; 6 ap^wv et^ev^ 
 fiepo<i oe It ov iroXv avro rova'^arov e(pvXaaGe rrj^i vrjaov 
 ro 7rpo<; nw TIvXov^ o tjv etc re OaXaaaij^; arroKprj/xvov Kat 
 
IV., 33.] 
 
 AtlaeJc on the Idand. 
 
 205 
 
 €/« T779 yr;? ijKicrra eirLfia'^ov * /cat 'y«/9 rt Kat epvfxa avruuc 
 r)V iraXaiOv XlOcov XoyaBrji^ 7r€7roL7)fievov^ o evojja^ov o(j>LaLV. 
 (OcbeXifiov av elvau^ et KaTaXa/i/Sai'oo ava^wp7]aL<i /Slulo- 
 Ttpa. 
 
 30. OvTCO fiev reTayfievoL -qaav. ol Be AOrjvaloL rof? 
 fiev irpoirov^ ^v\aKa<i^ ot? eireSpa/JLOv^ ev6u<i hia^Oeipovaiv 
 ev re rac<i evvau^ en, avaKap.pavovTa<i ra oirKa^ kul Ka- 
 66pTe<; TTiv airo^aaiv^ OLOfxevwv avTCov ra? vav<i Kara to 
 edo<i e? e(l)op/j,ou r?}? vvkto^ irXeiv. a/J.a Be erp yLypo/xei'r) 
 Kat 6 aXXo<; arparo<^ a7re,6aLi/ov^ e« fiep vewv e/SSo/jiriKovTa 
 
 Kol okuyw TrXeiovwv iravje's ttXtjv OaXafjawv, co? eKacnoL 
 
 > / 0/ ft ^ ~. ^j 
 
 e(TK€va(Tpevoi^ TO^orat re OKrafcoaioL Kat, ireXraaraL ouk 
 
 €Xaaaov<i lovjcov^ MeaarjvLoyi/ re 01 ^e/3o7)6r}KOTe<i^ Kat 
 
 aXXot baoc irepc TlvXov Karel^ov iTavTe<; irXr]v rwi/ ein rov 
 
 rei-^ov^ (fivXaKCOV. 40. Arjp.oaOei'OV'i Be Ta^avTO<; BiearTj' 
 
 cav Kara BtaKoatov<; re teat TrXetof?, eari, B j) eXaaaov<;, 
 
 Tcov yajptcov ra ixerewpoiaTa Xa/Sovre^;, ottco^; on irXeiarr} 
 
 aiTopla T) Tot? 7roX€fjLLOL<; Travra-^oOev KeKVfcXco/jievci'^, Kau 
 
 /jiT) e^&>crt Trpo? o n avnTa^wvjai^ aXX a/icpL^oXoL yiyvayv- 
 
 rat Tw irXifiei, el fiev rot? irpoaOev eiTLOiev^ viro twv kuto- 
 
 inv l3aXXo/jL€voi, el Be toI<; TrXay/oi?, viro to)v eKurepwdev 
 
 wapajeTaypievwv. 41. roiainy /J>ev yuw/jbr) Ar]/xoa6e- 
 
 VT)<; TO re Trpayrov ttiv airo^aaiv eTrevoei Kat ev too €py(p 
 
 era^eu • ol Be irepl rov EinraBav^ Kau oirep rjv nrXeiaTOV 
 
 TOiv ev rrj vr]a(p^ to? elBov to tg irpoyrov (^vXaKTr,pLov die' 
 
 <j>6ap/jievov, Kol aTparov a<^Laiv eiriovra, ^vvera^avTO kul 
 
 rol<; 6irXiTaL<^ rcov ^ ABrjvatwv eirrjeaav^ ^ovXo/xevoi e? ;;^et- 
 
 pa? eXdelv • e^ evavTia<; yap ovtol KaOearrjKeaav, ck irXa- 
 
 ylov B\ ol '^CXoi Koi Kara vcorov. rot<; fiev ovv oTrXiraL^; 
 
 ovK rjBvprjOrjaav rrpoafu^ai ovBe rrj acperepa e/xTreipia %p^- 
 
 aaadai • ol yap yjrcXol €Karepco6ev ^dXXopre'^ elpyov^ kul 
 
206 Pylus and Sphaderia. [Thucyd. 
 
 afxa 6K6LV0L ov/c avTeirrjecrav aW r,(Tv^a^ov • TOf ? Se 
 yjnXov^;, y ixakiara avTol<^ irpoadeovre^; TrpodKeoivro^ erpe- 
 TTOv ' Kai OL vTToar pe<^ovTe<^ rjfjuvvovTO^ avOpodiroi fcov(f)a)<i 
 T€ eaK6vaafjL6i>ot Kai, 7rpo\a/jL^avovT6<i paSLoy^ r?}? (f)vy7]^, 
 ywpLwv T6 '^aXeiroTTjTL KUi V7T0 Trj<; TTpLV eprj/jLia'i rpa- 
 y^ewv ovTcov^ ev oh ol AaKehaipiovLOL ov/c y^vauro Bca)K6cv 
 birXa e^ovre^;. 
 
 42. Xpovov fiev ovu riva oXcyov ourco irpo'i aXXr^Xov^ 
 rjKpo^oXLaavTO • tcov he Aa/ceSaL/j^ovicou ovk6tc o^e.(D<^ eireK- 
 Oelv f] TrpoaiTLiTTOiev BwajuLeucou^ <yvovTe<^ av7ov<; ol '^lXol 
 l3pahur6pov<i rjhrj ovra^ tm a/jbvuaadai,, . . . Kara<ppovr]- 
 (Tavre<; Kau €/jLl3o7]aavTe<; aOpooi coppuTjaap eir avTOV^, Kai 
 e^aXXov Xi9oL<i re Kau To^eu/jLaai, Kac a/covrcoci^ &)? eicacno'i 
 TO Trpo^ecpov el^ev. yei>o/jLep7]<; Se t?;? ^orj<; apa rjj eirfr- 
 hpofjirj^ gkitXtj^l'^ re eveTreaev avOpwiroi^ ariOeat roLavT7]<; 
 pa-^rj'^y Kai o Kovcopro^ Trj<; vXy^; vecoari KeKavp.evr]<; e^wpei 
 TToXv^ avco, aiTopov re r)v cSelv to irpo aurov viro twv 
 ro^evfjLaiwv Kat XlOwv utto ttoXXcov auOpoiircov puera rod 
 Kovioprov apua (pepopevcov. 43. to re epyov evTaiiOa ya- 
 XeiTov Tot<? AaK.ehaLpovLoi<^ KaQiGTaro • cure yap oi ifCXoi 
 eareyov ra ro^evpLara, Bopana re evairoKeKXaaro ^aXXo- 
 puevwv, el^ou re ovSev a(f)Laiv avrol'^ '^prjaaaOat, airoKeKXif' 
 pbevoi pev ry oy^eu rov irpoopav, viro he rrj^ pLet^ovo<; 0orj<; 
 Tcoi/ TToKepLCDV Tu ev avTOL^ irapayyeXXopueva ovk eauKOV- 
 ovre^, Kivhvvov re 'TravTa-)(o6ev TrepLearcbrof;, Kac ovk €'^ovt6<; 
 eXircha KaO 6 n '^prj apvvopevov^ GwOrjvaL. \ 
 
 44. TeXo<^ he, TpavpLarc^opevcov rjhr] ttoXXcov hia to aei 
 eu TO) avTO) avacrrpecpeauac, ^vyKXfjaavre^; e'^oprjcrav e<? to 
 ea'^arov epvpa T/y? vrjaou^ o ov ttoXv airet^ev, Kau tou? 
 envTwv (^vXaKa'^. &)? he evehoaav^ evravda rjhr] ttoXXo) en 
 TrXeovt f3o7] re6ap<jv^icore<^ oi -y^iXot GTreKecpro • kuc tcov < 
 
v., 37.] The Spartans taken in the Rear. 207 
 
 laKeBatfu^ovLcou oaoc fiev uTTO^co^oui/re? eyKareXafjiPavovTo 
 iTreOi/rjaKoi', ol Be rrroWot, hiacjivyovre^ e? to epyfia^ fMera 
 ■Qjv ravTi) (pvKaKCDV era^avro irapa irav, co? a/jLuvou/x€POL 
 jTrep ffv eiTiiJba')(ov. 45. Kat, ol Aurjvacoc eTTLaTro/jLepoL 
 TeploSop fiev avTcov Kac KVKkoxitv '^copcov lct'^vl ovk elyoi/, 
 TpoaLovT6<i Be €^ 6vavTia<; ojaaaOac eireipoivio. kcli ypo- 
 'ov /xev irokvv Kau rr;? r)/jL6pa<; to irXelarov TaXatiroypov- 
 levoL a/jL(f)or€poi utto re rrj<i /xa^?;? Kai, Bc-ylrov^ kcli rjXiov 
 ivreuyov, ireipwixevot ol fxev e^eXaaaaOac 6k rov fxerewpov, 
 'L Be /jLTj evBovvaL * paov B ol AatceBaLfJiovLOL rjiivvavjo r) ev 
 CO irptv, OVK ova7)<; <j(poiv T7]<i KVKXa^aeco^ e? ra irXayLa. 
 
 46. EweLBr] Be airepavTOV r]i>, TrpoaeXOcov o roov Mea- 
 '■r)VL(DV arpar7]yo<i KXecouL kul A7)pLoa6eveL, aXXw^ ecpij 
 roveiv G^a<^ • ei Be ^ovXovraL eavru) Bovvau twv to^otcov 
 tepo? TL Kat, 7a)v yjrLXcov, irepLLevaL Kara vcotov avTol<=; oBco 
 I av avT0<; evprj, BoKelv ^LuaaaOaL ttjv e^oBov. Xa^cov Be 
 \ yTTjaarOt eK rov a(l>avov<i op{ir]aa<;^ coaTe /xt] lBcIv €KeL- 
 Of?, Kara to aeL irapetKOv tov KpypLvcoBovi Trj<; vr]aov Trpo- 
 ^aLvwv, KaL r) ol AaKeBaLfxovLOL '^(opLOv lo-^vl irLaTevaavTe<i 
 VK e^vXaaaov^ '^(aXeTroi'i re Kac ^oXt? irepLeXOwv eXadev • 
 UL eiTL TOV pLeTecopov e^aTTLVT]'^ avac^aveL'^ Kara vcotov av- 
 [WV, Tov<; puev tco aBoKrjTO) e^eTrXrj^ev, tov<; Be a irpocreBe- 
 'OVTO LBovTa<i ttoXXq) /jlclXXov eTreppcoaev. 47. Kac ol 
 laKeBaLpLovLOL, ^aXXop.evoL re afKpoTepcoOev rjBrj, KaL yLyvo- 
 \evoi ev T(p avTM ^VfiTrrw/jLaTL Tw? fiLKpov /xeyaXw CLKuaaL) 
 10 ev GeppLo'TTvXaL';, — eKelvoL re yap ttj aTpaircp irepieX- 
 ^ovTcov Toiv Uepacov BLe^Odprjaav^ ovtol re apL(f>Ll3oXot 
 'Brj oi/re? ovKeTC avTel'^ov, aXXa ttoXXol^ tc oXlyoL fJLa')(6' 
 16V0L KaL aa6ev€La aco/jLarcov BLa tt]v aLToBeLav VTre^copovv, 
 UL OL AdrjualoL eKpuTOvv rjBr) rwv e<f)oBcov. 
 
 48. Tvov<; Be o KXecov KaL o ArjiJioa6evri<^ otl, cl KaL 
 
208 Pylus add Sphaderia. [Thucyi 
 
 oiroGovovv fiaWov evhcoaovai^ Sta(f)dapr}(TO/jicvov<i avrov 
 viTO Trj<i a(f)€T€pa^ arparia<i, eiravcrav t7}v ixa^rjv Kai rov 
 eavTcov airelp^av^ (3ovXo/jL6vol ayayetv avrov^ AOrjvaLOL 
 ^oivra^iy ei ircD'^ rov Krjpuy/jiaro'i aK0vaavT6<; eTTiKkaaOelev t 
 yvodfjirj \ra birXa '7TapaBovL>aL~\ Kau rjaarjOelev rov irapovic 
 Secvov. eKripv^av re ei /SovXolvto ra oirXa irapaZovvaL kc 
 a(f)a<i avTOv<^ AOifvaLOi'^, (oare /SovXevaac o tl av CKeivo, 
 BoKjj ' OL 8e uKQvaavTe'^ iraprjfcai' Ta<^ aa7nha<^ oc 7rXelaT( 
 KaL Ta9 '^€tpa<; aveaeccrau, SrjXouiJT6<; TrpoatecrOac ra kcki 
 pvyfieva. 49. /jiera Se ravrci,^ yevo/mevijf; T179 avaKCO'^yj 
 ^vvrfxOov ev Xoyov<; o re KXecov Kat Ar)/jLoa66]jr]<i, ki 
 €K6Lvcov 'Xtv<^wv q ^apaKo<;^ twv irporepov apyovTwv t(. 
 fjiev irpwTov jedvrjKOTO'^^ EttctuSov^ tov Se jxer avrou *Ii\ 
 TraypeTov e(f)7]pr]/jL€vou ev rot? v6KpoL<^ en ^covTO<i Keifxevt 
 w? Te6v6(bTO<^^ auTo? rpno^ €(pr]p7jfi€vo(; ap'^etv Kara vofio 
 €L TL eKelvoL iTaa-^oi€v. 50, eXeye Be ^TV<pcov kql 
 fier avTov brt ^vXovrai SLaKrjpvKevcraaOaL tt^o? tov^ 
 TT) rjiretpw AaKeBaLjjLoviov^ o tl '^pr] (Kpa^i Troielv. k 
 eKeivwv fjL€P ovSeva acf)6VT(ov, avTcov 8e twv ^ AOrjvau 
 KaXovvTcov €K T>5? r)7reipov Kr]pvKa<; koI yevofievcov e7rep\ 
 TTjcrecov 819 77 ''"p^?? o TeXevTolo^; Bta7rX€vcra<^ avTol<; a:\ 
 rcop 6K rr}? rjrreipov AaKehaLjJbovLCDV avrjp aTn]yyeLXev otl i 
 AaKehaL puovLO L fceXevova lv v fJLa<; avT ov<^ ire'- 
 v/jlcjv avTwv ^ovXevea 6 aL, fii^Sev aLay^pov tto'^ 
 ovvTa<;. 51. OL 8e kuO eavTov^ (BovXeva-afievoL, Ta otT' 
 TTapeooaav KaL acpaf; avTOu?. fcaL TauTrjv fjuev ttjv rjfjLep' 
 KaL Ti]v eiTLovaav vvKTa ev (pvXaKTj €l^ov avTOv<i ol At' 
 valoi ' TT) 8 vdTepaLa ol fiev AOrjvaloL TpoiraLOV crrrjtxr' 
 re? ev tt) vrjo-q) ToXXa BLeaKeva^ovTO (W9 69 ttXovv, Kai TV} 
 avBpa^ T0t9 TpLTjpapyoL^i BLeBlBoaav 69 <j)vXaKr)v, ol Be Jl> 
 KeBai/jLovLOL KTipvKa Tt tfi-\p-avTe<; Tov<i v€Kpov(; BLeKOfXLaavTi 
 
k 
 
 m 
 
 IV., 41.] Victory of the Athenians. 209 
 
 52. AireOavov S' ev rrj vr]crM koI ^Ci)vr6<; eXr'cpdrjaav 
 roaotSe • ecKoac fxev OTrXlrat Bte^rjaav Kat TerpaKoatoL ol 
 Trai^Tf? • TOVTCov ^covTe<; e/co/iLcyOrjaav oktco a7roheov7€<^ 
 jpcaKoaiOL^ OL oe aWot aireuavov. Kat ^TrapTtaTac rov- 
 T(iiV r]crav twv ^covtcov irepL euKoai Kat e/carov. Adtjvaiwv 
 Se ov TToWot Bc6(f)6apriaav ' 7] yap fiaxV of arahta r)v. 
 
 ;(|J y^povo<^ he ^v/jL7ra<; eyevcTo oaov oi avSp6<; ol ev rrj vriaoi 
 ... eTToXLopKijOijcrav, airo rrj<; vav [la-^^La^ I^^XP'' '^V^ ^^ '^V ^V^(o 
 J /i-ax^?, e/SSofiriKovra 7]/jLepaL Kat 8vo. tovtcov irepl etfcoaLP 
 tj/jLepa<;, ev al^ ol 'irpecr/3eL(; irepL rcov crTTOvhwv uTrrjecrav, 
 eaLTohoTovvTO, Ttt? Be aWa<; rot? ecnrXeouaL Xddpa BLerpe- 
 (f)ovTO. Kat Tjv <JtTO? ep Tjj VTjaw KaL aXXa (BpwfjLara 
 eyKaTeX7](f)6r} • o yap ap^cov ^^TrtraSa? epSeearepco^ e/caaro) 
 TrapeL-^ev rj Trpo? tt^i* e^ovatav. 
 
 53. Ol fiev Srj ' AdrjvaioL KaL ol TleXoirovvqa-ioi. ave-^cj- 
 prjaav to) arparw €K tt}? TIvXou eKarepoL eir olkov, kuI 
 Tov KXe&)i/o?, KaLirep ULavLcoBrj'^ ovcra, tj vTroa'^^eai^; a7re/3rj • 
 €VT0<; yap eLKOcnv rj/uLepcov rjyaye Tov<i avBpa<;^ coairep vire- 
 uTrj. nrapa yvco/iirjv re Bj] fJiaXtara rwv Kara rov TroXefiov 
 
 , TOVTO Tot? KXXr]<TLP eyevero • tou? y^p AaKeBaifiovLov<i 
 ovTe Xifio) ovT avayKT] ovBefjuLo, rj^touv ra birXa Trapa- 
 Bovvat, aXXa e'xovra<^ KaL fia'^oixevov'i w? eBvvavro airo- 
 
 . OvrjaKeLv. 54. airL(T70vvTe<i re {jlt] elvat rof? TrapaBovra^ 
 T069 reOvewaLV ofiOLOV^, Kac tlvo^ epofievov Trore varepov 
 rcov AOrjvatwv ^u/jLfia')/cov Bt a-^OrjBova eva tojv ck t?;? 
 vrjcrov aL^fxaXwrcDV €l ol reuvewre'^ avrcou KaXoL Kuyauoi, 
 uTreKpLvaTO avro), ttoXXov civ cl^lov elvat rov arpaKrov 
 [Xeywv rov OLcrrov^ cl rov<; dya6ov<; BLeytyvwaKe, BrjXwaLV 
 '7roLovfievo(; otl o evrvy^avcov roL<; re XlOol^ KaL ro^evfiacn 
 BLecjidetpero. 
 
 55. Kofitadevrcov Be rcov avBpcov, ol AOrjvaloL e/Sov- 
 
210 
 
 Pf/Ius and Sj)Jiactena, 
 
 [TnUCYD.ij 
 
 \evcrav Ze(Tfio1<^ jjcev avrov^ (f)v\aaaeLV fie-)(pL ov n ^v/jL', 
 (Scoaiv, Tjv 8 01 TlekoiTovvT^aioL irpo rovrov e? rrjv ji]!) 
 €(7^dW(0(TLV, e^ayayovre^i airoKretvai. T179 Se HvXov 
 ^vkaK7]v KarearrjcravTO, Kat 01 eK t^9 NavTra/crov Mea-- 
 crrjvLOL 0)9 e? irarpiha ravrrjv (^eart yap rj IIvXo<; t?}? Mea- 
 a7)viBo<^ TTore ov(Tr)<; 7^9) ireiJ^y^avre'; cr(f)cov avrcov tou? 
 eTTLTrjSetOTarouf;, eXrjX^ov re rr}v AaKcovLKrjv Kat TrXelaza 
 e^XaiTTOV^ 6/jLO<jiQ)voi, ovre^i, 56. 01 he AafceSai/jiovLOL, 
 afxadel^ ovt€<; ev Ta> irpiu ')(^pov(p XT^crreta? Kau tolovtov 
 TToXefjiov, Tcov re ElXwtcov avrofioXovvrcov^ Kat (fio^ov- 
 fievoL /jlt) Kat, evrt fjuaKporepov acj^iac rt vecoreptoOr) twv 
 Kara ttjv 'y^wpav^ ov paoL(o<; ecpepov, aXXa, Katirep ov 
 ^ovXofievoL evhr)XoL elvau rot? AOrjvaLOi'^^ eirpecr^evovjo 
 Trap avTov<i, Kat eTretpwvro rrjv re UvXov Kai tov<^ avSpa^ 
 KO/jLi^eaOat. 01 8e fiei^ovcov re oypeyovro, Kat 7roXXaKi<i 
 <f>otro}VTwv avTov<s air paKT0V<; aTreTrefjUTTov, tuvtu jxev ra 
 Trepl HvXov yevofjueva. 
 
1 I i > ) 3 > 
 
 NOTES'. 
 
 
 XENOPHON: ANABASIS. 
 
 The Expedition of Cyrus the Younger against his brother Arta- 
 xerxes to wrest from his possession the throne of Persia — the Ana- 
 basis — was made in the year 401 b, c. The march from Sardis began 
 in the spring, and about six months later a battle was fought at the 
 village of Cunaxa, some forty or fifty miles from Babylon. In this 
 battle Cyrus was killed in a hand-to-hand encounter with his brother; 
 and the G-reeks, though victorious over that part of the opposing force 
 which they had attacked, suffered virtual defeat in losing their leader. 
 They had marched more than 1800 miles from Ephesus to Cunaxa. 
 (See ii. 2. 6.) But this route, the only one with which they were 
 acquainted, was closed to them ; for the first part of it lay through 
 the desert of Arabia, in which, had they undertaken to return as they 
 came, they would have perished of hunger. They set out, therefore, 
 northward under the guidance of Ariaeus, who had been the com- 
 mander of the barbarian forces of Cyrus ; but subsequently they en- 
 tered into negotiations with the King which led to a treaty. By the 
 .terms of this treaty Tissaphernes, one of the King's four generals in 
 
 ■ 'the battle, was to lead them back in safety to Ionia. Beyond the 
 Tigris, however, Tissaphernes treacherously entrapped five of the 
 
 [ igenerals, four of whom were soon after put to death. Great dejection 
 Ifell in consequence upon the army; but recovering their courage, 
 especially under the exhortations of Xenophon, they elected new 
 generals, and began their retreat along the upper waters of the Tigris 
 and through the highlands of Armenia to the Greek colonies on the 
 Black Sea. This "Retreat of the Ten Thousand" from the river Zapa- 
 tas to Trapezus was one of incredible hardship, — a constant fight for 
 about 700 miles through an enemy's country in the winter-time. The 
 account of it by Xenophon contains by far the most vivid picture that 
 bas ever been given of the temper, discipline, and endurance of those 
 jitizen-soldiers who constituted the armies of Greece; and along 
 with that an authentic and most interesting account of the tribes of 
 
^ XENOPHON. 
 
 -Asiatic moantailr^eei's!, who lived just outside the circle of the ther^ 
 cjviUzed v^oFid.: ."Th^. Grreeks reached Trapezus, the modem Trebi 
 zond,, at the .end of the winter of 400 b. c, and after a month's halt 
 pioceeded, .^bjtjw^r'd. partly by land and partly by sea, to Chryso 
 polis on the Thracian Bosphorus opposite Byzantium, which they 
 reached in the summer. After passing over into Thrace and subse- 
 quently returning to Asia, in the spring of 399 b. c. they joined the 
 army of Thibron, and, as the "Ten Thousand," disappeared from 
 history. Consult more at length, on the events here described, Smith's 
 History of Greece, Chap. XXXVI., or the three excellent chapters of, 
 Grote, LXIX. - LXXI. The last constitute a good running commen-' 
 tary on the Anabasis. 
 
 Cyrus the Younger, the unfortunate leader of this expedition, was 
 the second of the four sons of Darius II., who was the grandson of 
 Xerxes I. In 407 b. c. he was made by his father satrap of Lydia, 
 Phrygia the Greater, and Cappadocia, and military commander {mpa- 
 voi) of the forces that mustered at Castolus {Anab. i. 1. 2). Hc; 
 could not have been at this time more than seventeen years of age at 
 most, for he was born after his father's accession to the throne. The 
 commission given him by Darius is found in Hell. i. 4. 3 : Ka\ Kupoj 
 (sc. aTTr]VTr](rev) , ap^cav ttclvtcov twv cTTt OakaTTrj koL trv/iTroXe/iT^o-coi' AoKe 
 OaiixovLOis, €7n(rTokT]u re e(f)ep€ rols Kara) nacri to ^aatXeiov a(ppdyi(rp.c 
 e^ovaav, iv i] ivrjv Koi raSe, KaraTre/iTTO) Kvpov Kapavov tu>v els KacrrcoXoi 
 ddpoi^ofievoiv. His high position made it possible for him to aid the 
 Lacedaemonians in the w^ar they were then waging with Athens j 
 And he did this, partly at the direction of his father, who had seni 
 with him large sums of money for this purpose, and partly from hii; 
 own desire. For there is evidence that even at this time he aspirec; 
 to the throne, and that foreseeing as possible what eventually tool 
 place, the succession of his brother, he was preparing to wrest th< 
 government from him by violence if need be. He became the warn 
 friend of Lysander ; and, on being summoned to his father's bedsidi 
 at Babylon in 405 b, c, he turned over to the Spartan admiral thi 
 money which he had in hand, and placed at his disposal his entir 
 personal revenue from the province of which he was satrap. Th 
 timely aid thus rendered to the Lacedaemonians did much to hastei 
 the end of the Peloponnesian War. As to the fact that funds wer 
 furnished by Cyrus, see Thucydides ii. 65 : Kvpto re (sc. avre^xov 
 vaTfpov jSaaiKfcos Traibi 7rpocry(vop.€ua>, os napcly^e -x^pripaTa UiKoTvowri 
 aiois €s TO vavTiKov. An account of him from this time until his deat 
 is given in the first book of the Anabasis. Consult further Smith' 
 Diet, of Biography and Mythology, s. v. Cyrus the Younger. 
 
 I 
 
ANABASIS 1. I. 3 
 
 Xenophon, the historian of the expedition, was an Athenian gentle- 
 man of culture, the pupil and friend of Socrates the philosopher. 
 Neither the date of his birth nor that of his death is known with cer- 
 tainty. It is generally believed, however, that he lived to be more 
 than ninety years of age. From a story that was current in antiquity 
 that he fought at Delium in 424 b. c, it has been concluded that at the 
 time of the expedition of Cyrus he must have been past forty ; but 
 judging from the internal evidence afforded by the Anabasis itself, he 
 could not have been at this time more than thirty. He himself relates 
 (^Anah. iii. 1) the circumstances under which he came to join the 
 army of Cyrus. His friend Proxenus was already with the Persian 
 prince, and invited Xenophon to come and join him at Sardis, promis- 
 ing to introduce him to Cyrus. Xenophon did this after consulting 
 the oracle at Delphi, and at the urgent solicitations of Cyrus he joined 
 the expedition. He does not appear, however, with any prominence 
 until after the murder of the generals, when his rare qualities became 
 known and he became the inspiration of the army. During their per- 
 ilous retreat northward to the sea, he always showed that high-born 
 courage and endurance that have since won the admiration of pos- 
 terity as they then gained him the complete confidence of his fellow- 
 soldiers. When in 399 b. c. the " Ten Thousand " became incorporated 
 with the forces of Thibron, Xenophon appears to have returned to 
 Athens, but in 396 b. c. he was again in Asia, and in 394 b. c. fought 
 at the battle of Coronea with the Spartans against the allies. Though 
 an Athenian, he was anti-demoeratical, and much more in sympathy 
 with the institutions of Sparta than with those of his native city. 
 He was now banished, and took up his residence in Scillus in Elis, 
 where in entertaining his friends, hunting, and writing, he is reported 
 to have lived a happy life. He was subsequently expelled from 
 Scillus by the Eleans and went to Corinth, where he died. Though 
 the decree of banishment against him was eventually repealed, there 
 is no evidence that he ever returned to Athens. Xenophon was a 
 prolific writer. His most celebrated works besides the Anabasis are 
 the Memorabilia (Memorials of Socrates) in 4 books, the Hellenica 
 (a continuation of the history of Tlmcydides) in 7 books, and the 
 Cyropedeia (an historical novel) in 8 books. His style is perspicuous 
 and unaffected. Consult also Smith's Diet, of Biography and My- 
 thology, s. V. Xenophon; and on the question of his age at the time of 
 the Anabasis, an interesting article by Professor Morris in the Pro- 
 ceedings of the American Philological Association for 1874. 
 
XENOPHON. 
 
 BOOK FIRST. 
 
 ^ 
 
 The Levying of an Army. — The March to the Neighborhood of 
 Babylon. — The Battle at Cunaxa and Death of Cyrus. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Synopsis : Darius, falling dangerously sick, summons to him his two sons, 
 Artaxerxes and Cyrus (1, 2). On the King's death the former sixcceeds to the 
 throne, and being persuaded by the satrap Tissaphernes that his brother is plot- 
 ting against him, he has him arrested. Cyrus, saved from death only by his 
 mother's entreaty, returns disgraced to his province and concerts measures against 
 the king (3, 4). He conciliates all who come to him, sees to his own native troops 
 (5), and secretly collects Greek mercenaries. A part of this army he enlists in 
 western Asia Minor, alleging as a reason that the Greek cities which have put 
 themselves under his protection are in danger from the machinations of Tissa- 
 phernes, and lays siege to Miletus (6-8). Other Greek mercenaries are enlisted 
 ill the Thracian Chersonesus (9), in Thessaly (10), and in Greece (11). 
 
 1. Aapciov, Darius II. or Notlios (vdOos, bastard), a natural son of Arta- 
 xerxes I., and a man of feeble character. He died late in 405 b. c., after 
 a reign of nineteen years. For the case, a predicate gen. of possession, see 
 G.* 169, 1. — Ilapvo-dTiSos, Parysatis, the half-sister, as well as wife, of 
 Darius, a woman of an intriguing and cruel disposition, and of great in- 
 fluence with her husband. — -yi-yvovTai, were horn. For this use of the 
 pres., see G. 200, N. 1. — 8i)o: there were other sons (thirteen children in 
 all), but these are the two now prominently in the mind of the writer. — 
 Trpeo-pvTepos . . . Kvpos, Artaxerxes {being) the older, Cyrus the younger. 
 These were Artaxerxes II., surnamed Mnemon ([xvinjxwv), on account of his 
 great memory, and Cyrus the YovMgcr, so named to distinguish him from 
 Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian empire. — if|o-9€V€i, ^oas sick, the 
 impf. to denote the continuance of the state (G. 200). The aor. T|o-e€'vr|<r€ 
 would mean fell sick (G. 200, N. 5 h). do-0€V€a) is a denominative verb 
 (G. 128,2 h ; 130, 2) from d-o-9€VT]S, iveak, and this from a- priv. (G. 131, 
 4 a) and crBcvos, strength. — vtroiimvi : peculiar in augment (G. 105, 1, N. 
 2). Give its derivation (G. 130, 4) and Latin equivalent. — tov, Aw (G. 
 141, N. 2). — TwiratSe : dual, but above, the pi. (G. 33, 1). For the case, see 
 G. 134, 2. — Trap-€ivai, to be by {him), i. e. at Babylon, where he died. 
 
 2. |X€v ... 86 : used to correlate the two sentences. See the lexicon, 
 and of. the case in § 1. jie'v is not to be translated. — o5v, now, is here con- 
 tinuative, not inferential. Of. igitur in Lat. — irapwv crv-yxavc, ivas, as it 
 happened, {already) there (G. 279, 4). — (xcTa-ire'iJL'ircTai, sends joi; sends af- 
 ter (G. 191, VI. 3, end), summons. — dirb tt]S dpx'Jjs, frorn his pravince. 
 
 * The references under G. are to the sections of Goodwin's Greek Grammar, revised 
 and enlarged edition. 
 
ANABASIS 1, r. 5 
 
 For the prep, diro, see G. 191, I. 2. — o-aTpdmiv : pred. ace. (O, 166). The 
 satrap was a viceroy, but with great discretiuiKU y powers. According to 
 Herod, (iii. 89), Darius I. divided the Persian empire into twenty satrapies. 
 — cirotT](r€, had made. The Greek was content simply to refer the action to 
 the past, without specifying the time as exactly as we do by the pi up. — 
 Kttl . . . 8^ . . . dire'Seilf, and (Be) he had also {Koi) appointed him, etc., a 
 transition from a relative to an independent clause ; not uncommon in Greek. 
 KOkL adds the new particular of the investn-'.ent of Cyrus with military au- 
 thority (the office of satrap was at f'rst chiefly a civil one) ; 8c' is the; con- 
 junctive word, and the word between the two is em})hatic. — irdvTcuv: 
 accent (G. 25, 3, N. 1). — 6<roi, ivlw, lit. {so many) as, the rel. of quantity or 
 inmiber (G. 87, 1). — els • . . dOpoitovrai, muster in the jtlain of Castdlas, 
 lit. gather themselves into, etc. For the prep, els, see G. 191, III. 1. d9poC- 
 Xfivrai is not the historical pres., but pres. to denote a standing fact, it is 
 derived from dSpdos, close toyetJier (G. 130, 6). The position of the plain 
 of Castolus, a large and level tract of land in which the troops were annu- 
 ally reviewed, is uncertain, though probably it was in Lydia. — • dvaPaivci, 
 Lvi^r\ : this change of tense from the historical pres. to the aor. is common. 
 Kote the chiastic arrangement (xicwrfjtds, crossing, named from the letter x.), 
 dvaPaCvEi Xapwv Tio-<ra<j)€'pvTiv, ^X"^ oTrXLras dvs'pT]. — 6 Kvpos : proper 
 name with the art. (G. 141, N. 1 a). — XaPtov : the part, denotes the atten- 
 dant circumstance (G. 277, 6). So 'iyjjiv following. — ws 4>iXov : Tissapher- 
 nes, at this time satrap of Caria, whom Cyrns had superseded on becoming 
 satrap himself, was in fact his enemy, and Cyrus had him accompany him, 
 probably because he feared to leave him behind. He })roved, however, a 
 dangerous companion. — Kal . . . 8€ : see above. — twv EXXi^vwv oTrXiras 
 TpiaKoo-iovs : a body-guard selected from the Greeks then in his service. 
 Cyrus knew well the superiority of the Greeks over the Pei'sians as soldiers. 
 The hoplite, lit. heavy-armed (foot) soldier (SirXov), was armed with shield, 
 helmet, breastplate, greaves, spear, and sword. Note the suffix tt]s, signify- 
 ing in denominatives 07ie tvho has to do loith (G. 129, 2 h). — dpxovra: 
 appos. (G. 137, N. 4), — nappdcriov : Parrhasia was a district of Arcadia 
 (in the Peloponnesus) about Mt. Lycaeus. 
 
 3. eTeXcvTTjcrc, had ended (his life), died. See note on eirou-rio-e in § 2. This 
 Mse of the aor. for the plup. is especially common after particles of time like 
 itrd, etc. Cf. the Lat. historical (aoristic) perf. with postquam. reXev- 
 Td« (G. 130, 1) is derived by successive steps from reXos : reXos, TeXea>, t€- 
 XevTiQ, TeXevrdft). — Kal KareVrTj . . . 'ApTa|€'p|T]s, and Artaxer^ccs had been 
 established in the kingdom, lit. settled into, and so ds with the ace. — 8ia- 
 PdXXci, falsely accuses. The current story, that Cyrus had planned to kill 
 Artaxerxes at the time of his coronation, Xenophon evidently believed to 
 be false. For the prep, irpds, see G. 191, VI. 6. — ws liriPovXevoi : opt. by 
 quot. after the idea of saying in 8iapdXXev (G. 243 ; 201, Rem.)- Give the 
 dir. form. — avrw: after the compound verb (G. 187). — 6 8€, but he (G. 143, 
 1, N. 2). — <rvXXa|xpdv€i : cf. comprehendere in Lat. — ws diroKrevwv, 7rifh 
 the avowed object of putting him to death (G. 277, 3, and n. 2 a). — t^aiT-qo-a- 
 
6 XENOPHON. 
 
 (A€VT] . . . irdXiv : note the difF. betAveen the Greek and English idioms. In 
 Eng., rescues (e^) him by entreaty and sends him off cujain ; but in Greek, 
 having rescued (G. 277, 1), lit. begged him off, sends him, etc. The use of 
 the part, is much more frequent in Greek than in Eng., and in translating 
 this fact must be constantly kept in mind. ■ — eirl ttjv o.pXf\v : for the jjrep. 
 itrC, see G. 191, VI. 2. 
 
 4. 6 Bi : cf. note on 6 84 in § 3. — a>s, as, when, rel. adv. of time. — 
 dirfjXGt: accent (G. 26, N. 1). — driixao-Otis : dTL(xd|w is derived (G. 130, 5) 
 from d-Tifios {without honor). Cf. ri^i\, tiw. — PovXeverai . . . Iksivov, 
 plans that he may never (G. 283, 2) in future be (G. 217) in the poicer of 
 (G. 191, VI. 2, 2, end) his brother, but if piossihle may be king (G. 223) in 
 his stead. For the accent of 8yvr|Tai, seeG. 122, 2, N.2. For the prej). dvri, 
 see G. 191, I. 1. — (xe'v : correl. to Be, § 5; his mother's support is con- 
 trasted with the steps taken by Cyrus himself to bring about the desired 
 end. — virTipxt, supported, followed by tlie dat. (G. 184, 2). virdpxw, to be 
 a foundation or beginning (dpxT|) : rd vTrdpxovxa, tchat one can depend on. 
 So fond Ntas Parysatis of Cyrus, who in energy and s[iirit probably resem- 
 bled her much more than did his brother, that she had endeavored before 
 the death of Darius to induce him to name Cyrus as his successor to the 
 throne, on the ground that he was the first son born after his own succes- 
 sion. It was on this ground, that he was the first son of the King, that 
 Xerxes I. obtained the sovereignty. — pao-tXevovra : the simple attributive 
 part. (G. 276, 1) modifying as an adj. the foil. noun. 
 
 5. dtfuKvciTo: common usage would require dtjiiKvoiro (G. 233, n. 1 : 
 Moods and Tenses, § 62, N. 1). — irapd Pao-iXe'tos, from the presence of the 
 King, is used with r<av as an adj., the noun dvSpes being omitted (G. 141, 
 N. 3). The whole expression is compressed and would read in full : 8o-tis 
 8' d<}>i!<V6iTO irapd PacriXecos twv irapa PaeriXet, k. t. X. For the prep, irapd, 
 see G. 191, VI. 4. — Pao-iXe'ws : PacriXevs, when used to desiguate the king 
 of Persia, commonly omits the art. — irdvras : ph, because of the distribu- 
 tive force of i)(rTis. — ovtw SiariBels . . • wcrre, so dis-posing {them) that, etc. 
 With Bia-TiG-qfii, cf. Lat. dispone. — avrw: case (G. 185). So aurw below 
 at the end. — dvox : result (G. 266, 1). — Kal ... 86 : tliis position of St, so 
 far from the beginning of the sent., is rare. — twv Pappdpwv: to give a 
 substantive a more emphatic position, it is often transferred, generally with 
 change- of case, from the dependent to the principal clause. E. g. 6p» rbv 
 &v8pa, 8<rTis Io-tiv, and in Eng., "See the learned Bellario how he writes." 
 So here, normally, we should have iTrejjtcXeiTO ws oi irap' lavrw pdp3apoi 
 iroXefitiv, K. T. X. For the case of papPdpwv as it stands, see G. 171, 2. — 
 iroXefxeiv: with iKavot (G. 261, 1). — ws €LT|o-av, 'iy^oi^v : object clause with 
 «s and the opt. (G. 217, N. 1). — evvoiKois ^X"''*^ • ^X" ^^^ ^^ adverb are 
 often joined in the sense of the verb to he and an adj., as KaXws '^x^i = ko-i 
 Xov lo-Tiv, it is well, lit. it has {itself) well, bene habet. For the forma- 
 tion and derivation of ev-voiKciis, see G. 74, 1 ; G. 129, 13 a. 
 
 6. T^v 86 . . . Pao-iX^a, and lie collected his (G. 141, n. 2) Greek force as 
 secretly as possible (lit. concealing himself, G. 277, 2, as most he was able), 
 
ANABASIS 1, I. 7 
 
 that he might catch the King as unjjrcjmred as possible. Cyrus knew that an 
 army of Greeks was his -jiily hope for wresting the throne from his hrother 
 with all the resources o( the empire at his couunand. C'f. i. 7. 3. — 'EX- 
 \t]vikt|v : a denom. in kos (G. 129, 13 a). 
 
 Page 2. — oTi a.irafim.o-niv6rarcv : '6rL or fa>s is very often prerix.ed in this 
 way to the suj)erhitive to strengthen it. (Cf. quam maxime.) In these 
 constructions there is in ellipsis of some form of Svlvaixai. Sometimes in 
 the case of the superlative with cus the vei'b is expressed, as in iii. 4. 48, ws 
 cSuvaro Tdx'-<yTa e-n-opjucTO. Cf. with this the simple tls riLxia-ra in i. 3. 14. 
 Cf. also with 6ti TrXeitrrovs, as many as jwssibic, in this section, (is dv Sv- 
 VTiTtti irXelo-Tovs in i. G. 3. — oircos Xdj3ot: purpose (G. 210). — caSe, iii tJtc 
 foUoioing m^anner. — ^roieiro : middle (G. 199, 2). — (ruXXo-yriv : IVom <ro\- 
 XeYO). — <}>vXaKds : antecedent attracted (G. 154). Normally T-jiv 4>vXaKwv 
 oirdcrwv (G. 153) d\i, r. t. X. The accent shows that <|)\)XaKtts is from 
 <j)vXaKT|, and not from c})vXa| (G. 25, 1). State the dilfereiice in meaning 
 of the two nouns, and for the suffix of (|)vXaKTi, .see G. 129, 1. — Iv rats 
 TrdX6<ri : for the prep, ev, see G. 191, II. 1. — 4>povpdpxots : (Jspovpc's, 
 watcher, guard (irpd and 6pda>),and Hpxa (G. 131, 1 k 3). — Xa|jLpdv€i.v, en- 
 list. — (is . . . iroXetrt, on the ground that Tissaphenies was jJlotting against 
 the cities (G. 278, 1). Compare (is diroKxtvcov in § 3. — Kal "ydp ... to 
 dpxa-tov, and (this teas a i^lausible reason), fur the cities of Ionia had origi- 
 nally (to dpxciiov, G. 160, 2) belonged to Tissaphcrncs (G. 169, 1). r\<r(x.v : 
 impf. used with to dpxo-tov of a time prior to the main action, dpxaios 
 is derived from dpx'Hj beginning (G. 129, 12 ; cf. 128, 2 b). — €K PacriXt'cos 
 8e8o|X€vai, having been given (G. 277, 6) him by [Ik to express the agent) the 
 King. For the prep. Ik, see G. 191, I. 3. — d4>€LO-TT|K€o-av : the perfect of 
 Vo-Tr|[j,i w^as originally cre-o-TT]-Ka, which with the € of the plup. (G. 101, 4) 
 prefixed would become €-(r£-o-TT]-K€iv. The <r was then transposed and be- 
 came *, and from this form by contraction came €L<rTT|Keiv. The form Io-tt)- 
 Kciv also occurs (G. 101, 4, N.). — MiXr,Tov : case (G. 191, I. 5). Cyrus 
 had not been invested by his father with the command of the Greek cities 
 of Ionia (Grote, Chap. LXIX.), but these remained, so far as they were sub- 
 ject to Persian control, under the charge of Tissaphernes. When, how- 
 ever, after the accession of Artaxerxes, trouble arose between Cyrus and 
 Tissaphernes, these Greek cities revolted to the former with the single ex- 
 ception of Miletus. See i. 9. 8, 9. This was greatly to the advantage of 
 Cyrus, as it kept his way open to the sea. See the map. 
 
 7. irpoaicrSdixevo?, having become aica'^i (or in Eng. more commonly, be- 
 coming aivare) beforehand. — Ta o.vt6. : distinguish carefully from the fol- 
 lowing TaOra (G. 79, 2). In the pi., because the Greek looked at the action 
 of revolting with reference to its parts ; but in Eng., this same thing. — 
 PovXevoixevovs (sc. Tivds) is in indirect discourse (G. 280). — dTroa-T-f^vai : 
 in app. to the preceding to, avTo, TaiJTa. — tovs jji^v . . . Tnv>:3 fe : relic of 
 the original demon, meaning of the art. (G. 143, 1). — aviroiv : 'la'-t. irf^n. 
 (G. 168). — vTToXapduv tovs <}>eii70VTas is subordinated to orvXXejas #ToXt~ 
 
8 XENOPHON. 
 
 opKei, wJi^n he had taken the fugitives under Ms protection, he collected an 
 army and laid siege, etc. vTroXaPwv Kal (mark the conjunction) trijXXc^c.s 
 liroXiopKEi would mean when he had taken, etc., and had collected, etc., he 
 laid siege, etc. — liroXiopKei : continued action. From irdXis and elp^yto, to 
 hem in. — Kal Kara "y-fiv Kal Kara GdXaTxav, both hy land and sea. For the 
 prep. Kara, see G. 191, \Y. 2. — tK^aXXw, to eject, banish; <j>ev'y<i), to flee, be 
 in banishment ; Karayoi, to lead back, restore from, banishment ; tKiriirTO), to 
 fall out, be banished. — Kal avT-r) . . . o-TpaTcvfia, and in this again he 
 had (G. 184, 4) another pretext for collecting (G. 262, 2) an army. aiiTT] in 
 agreement with the noun in the pred., since otherwise it woukl be toOto. 
 
 8. tjIlou . . . avTOv : he urged (d^iow, to think &|iov, to claim) on tlu 
 ground that he teas (G. 277, 2) a brother of his, etc. — 8o9f]vat : ohj. of 
 ^^bv (G. 260, 1), with iroXeis for its subj. — ol : the indir. reflex. (G. 144, 2). 
 Accented because it is emphatic (G. 28, N. 1). — ixpyjiiv : parallel in const, 
 to 8o0fivai, i. e. he thought it right rather that the cities should be given 
 to him than (he thought it right) that Tissaphernes should control them. 
 
 — avTciv: case (G. 171, 3). — o-vv£irpaTT€V . . . avrw, co-operated with him 
 in this, lit. did this with (o-iiv) him. Why is raOra in the pi. ? See note 
 on rd avrd in § 7. — irpos lavrov: used adj. (G. 141, N. 3). wpos of perso- 
 nal relation that is hostile (G. 191, VI. 6, 3 b). — «o-t€ "po-Qdvero : wo-re 
 with the ind. after a full stop (G. 237). Cf. wo-tc ctvai in § 5. — Ticr- 
 <ra4)€pvet . . . 8a7ravdv, but thought that he (avrdv, i. e. Cyrus) was incurring 
 expense (G. 260, 2) about his forces, because he was at war (G. 277, 2) loit.h 
 Tissaphernes (G. 186, N. 1). For the prep. d|xt}>i, see G. 191, VI. 1.— wo-t€ 
 . . . •jroXeixovvTtov, consequently he was not at all (oiiSe'v, G. 1 60, 2) displeased 
 at their being at war (G. 278, 1). — Kal -ydp, and (the more) because, in- 
 volving an ellipsis, as always. Cf. § 6. — diroTre'|JL7rw, to send what is due 
 (dird), remit. — «v : assimilation in case (G. 153). — krvyxo-viv 'ixav, had 
 previously, as it happened, possessed. Cf. Trapwv crv-yxO'Ve in § 2. For the 
 tense of eTij^xO'Vev, cf. TJo-av in § 6. Note throughout this sect, the use of 
 the impf. to express continuance. 
 
 9. Iv Xtppovno-o) : the Thracian Chersonesus (xc'po-os, later x^'pP°s, dry 
 land, as opposed to water, and vt]o-os, island ; Lat. peninsula). See map. 
 
 — *Apv8ov : case (G. 182, 2). — Tdv86 rbv rpd-n-ov, in the following (G. 148, 
 N. 1) manner (G. 160, 2), equal to wSe in § 6. — KXe'apxos : the general 
 most trusted by Cyrus. An account is given of him in ii. 6. 1-15. — Tj-yd- 
 o-Qt], came to admire (G. 200, N. 5 &), aor. of d^afjiai. — 8i8a)o-iv: change 
 to the historical pres. Cf. dvapaiv€i, dvept] in § 2 and N. — SapeiKovs : 
 the darics mentioned here were gold coins worth about $5.40. See note on 
 1. 7. 18. — yji^MQ-lov, gold money, more lit. a gold piece, der. from xP'^o'^s 
 with the suffix lo- (see G. 129, 8). — dird, by means of — (rvveXelev, liro- 
 X€p.ei : note the diff. in tense. — rots 0pa|l tois . • . oIkovo-i : position of 
 the attributive adj. phrase (G. 142, 2). Cf. ev Xeppovno-w rfj, k. t. X., 
 above. The ace. 'EXXtio-itovtov with reference to a preceding state of mo- 
 tion, as in the phrase els rdirov oIkoJ, to {go into and) dwell in a place. 
 For the prep, virc'p, see G. 191, IV. 3.— els, /or, of purpose (G. 191, III. 1 d). 
 
 ^ 
 
ANABASIS 1, I. 9 
 
 — tKOva-ai: to be translated by an adv. (G. 138, n. 7). — toOto . . . oTpd- 
 Tev|ia, and in this way again this army toas secretly su2)ported (G. 279, 4) 
 for him. 
 
 Page 3. — 10. ^e'vos : iu the sense often o^ gucsl-friend, a citizen of an- 
 otlier state with wliom one has a treaty of hospitality, used of both parties, 
 though commonly, as here, of the guest as contrasted with the host. The 
 word often means also simply stranger, and again, as below, hired soldir.r^ 
 mercenary. — tiiro: for this prep., here used to express agency, see G. 191, 
 VI, 7. — otKOt : used as adj. (G. 141, N. 3). For its accent, see G. 22, n. 1. — 
 avTi-o-Ta<ria)Twv, opponents, antagonists. o-TaoriwTT]s from o-rdtris, faction 
 (i^-<rTa-}iai), the suffix <ri- signifying action (see G. 129, 3). On the force 
 of the suffix Ttt-, cf. oirXiTas in § 2 and note. — alrei . . . (i.i<r0dv, asks him 
 for pay for (els) 2000 mercenaries {and) for three months (G. 167, 5). Some- 
 times rendered, asks him for about (els, cf. note on els, i. 2. 3) 2000 merce- 
 naries, etc., but it seems impossible that Cyrus should have been willing to 
 send off 4000 Greeks on so distant an expedition, when his whole aim w;i3 
 to gather Greek troops about him as rapidly as possible. On the other 
 band, it was an easy matter for him to furnish Aristippus the means for col- 
 lecting this number. — ws . . . dvTicrrao-twTwv, on tJie ground that (cf. the 
 use of tos with ciriPovXevovTos in § 6) in this way he luould get the better of 
 his opponents, ireps-'yevdiievos ixv (G. 277, 2) would, if expressed by a finite 
 mood, be irepi-ye'voLTo ixv (G. 211). The prot. to this apod, is contained in 
 oiiTw (G. 226, 1). — |JLT| : with the inf. (G. 283, 3). ■ — KaraXicrai, to end (sc. 
 his quarrel). — irplv dv orvfiPovXevo-TjTai, : irpiv with the subj. (G. 240, 1 
 and 2). 
 
 11. npo^tvov : the particular friend of Xenophon, at whose invitation 
 the latter took part in the expedition. An account is given of him in ii. 6. 
 16-20. — (OS PovXdjievos, ws Trap€x.dvTtov : the first «s shows that PowXd(i€- 
 vos, K. T. X., gives the cause assigned by Cyrus for his command to Proxenus, 
 the second ws shows that irapexdvTwv does the same for PovXdjievos, while 
 tos further on before iroX€|XT)o-a)v shows that this part, gives the purj)ose 
 declared by Cyrus for cKeXevcrcv, k. t. X. The further idea, implied in the 
 first and third cases, that the cause and the purpose were not the trite 
 gi'ounds of his action, is derived from the context and is not necessarily 
 implied by this use of ws. Neither is there any conditional force in the 
 part, with tos. Cf. with these three cases of a>s with the part., the places 
 where it occurs iu §§ 3, 6, and 10. — els, into tlie country of. — Ilio-tSas : 
 the Pisidians were a marauding race, occupying the western range of 
 Mt. Taurus. See map. — ^e'vovs . . . tovtovs, these (G. 137) also being guest- 
 friends (G. 136) of his. — Q-vv tois ^vya.o-\., with the aid of tlie exiles. Cf. 
 with this the simple dat. Ti<r(ra<|)6pv€i that precedes (G. 186, N. 1), and for 
 the prep, crw, see G. 191, II. 2. — As stated in the prefatory note, Cyrus, 
 jn coming down to the coast as satrap, had used all the means in his ])ower 
 to get the good-will of the Lacedaemonians. On the termination of the 
 Peloponnesian War in the spring of 404 b. c, many men whose lives had 
 been wholly spent under arms were left without employment. This made it 
 
10 XENOPHON. 
 
 the easier now for Cyrus to collect the army that he wished, an army of "^ 
 trained veterans that could be thoroughly depended upon in a dangerous 
 entei'prise. Some of those who accompanied him were, like Xenophon, men 
 of a superior grade, disheartened by the political condition of things that 
 followed the war, and drawn into this expedition by personal admiration for 
 the prince, or personal attachment to some of his officers. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Synopsis : Cyrus, being now ready to set out inland, assembles his troops at 
 Sardis, announcing, in order to conceal his real object, his intention of expelling 
 the Pisidians from their territory (1-4). The king, informed of the real facts 
 by Tissaphernes, makes ready to meet him. Cyrus sets out from Sardis and 
 marches through Lydia across the Maeander to Colossae in Phrygia, where he is 
 joined by Menon (5, 6). Thence he proceeds to Celaenae, a city which the his- 
 torian describes at some length, where he waits a month and is joined by the 
 rest of his Greek troops. He reviews and numbers these (7-9). Thence he 
 proceeds northwest tlirough Peltae to Kepa/xuiv dyopd (11), and then east to 
 KavffTpov iredlov, where Epyaxa, the wife of the king of Cilicia, meets him and 
 furnishes him money with which to pay his troops (11, 12). Thence southeast 
 to Thymbrium and Tyriaeuni, where he reviews his whole army (13-18), 
 Thence through Iconium into Lycaonia (19). From here Menon, accompanied 
 by Epyaxa, proceeds due south into Cilicia; Cyrus northeast to Dana (20). 
 After some delay caused by the king of Cilicia, Cyrus himself crosses the moun- 
 tains and enters Tarsi, which had been abandoned by the king (21-21). Menon 
 had reached this city five days before, having lost two companies in the passage 
 of the mountains (25). Syennesis the king finally obeys a summons from Cyrus, 
 and they seal their compact of friendship with gifts (26, 27). 
 
 1. liTii . . . dv«, but ivhen at length it seemed good (not simply it seemed^ 
 cf. note on i. 'S, 11) to Jiim to proceed (G. 202, with 1) inland. More than 
 a year had been spent in preparation, Hvot, vp, inland, from the coast. 
 So dva-paivw, dvd-pao-i9. — ttjv }j.^v . . . PouXd(xevos, he gave as his pretext 
 indeed {that he tvas going) because he icished. Note the voice of eiroieiTo 
 (G. 199, 2). p.€V implies the clause with 8e', which if expressed might be, 
 TT] 8' dXTjOtia €irl PacriXea cTropevsTO. On a>s PovXd[i€vos, cf. the note on 
 (OS povXdficvos in i. 1. 11. — iKPaXeiv Ik: prep. rej)eated, as often. — • 
 iravrd-Trao-tv : der. ? — ws lirl tovtovs, avowedly against these. — to pap- 
 (SapiKov: sc. o-TpdT£\jp,a. So with to 'EXXtivikov. Note the suffix kos 
 (G. 129, 13 a), and cf |€vikov, below. — evTav9a Kal -fJKetv, to come there 
 also, i. e. to Sardis, § 4. — XaPcvTi, tvith (G. 277, 6). — oo-ov . . . o-TpdTcu- 
 |ia, whatever troops he had. Cf oirdo-as ctx_e (j>vXaKds in i. 1. 6, with the 
 note, and 8 dyji o-TpdTctifJia, below. This attraction of the antecedent 
 (G. 154) is a common const, in Eng. also. — 'Apio-Tiinrcp : Aristippus did 
 not come in person, but sent Menon (i. 2. 6, and ii. 6. 28). — a-uvaXXa- 
 ■yevTi : cf for the meaning KaTaX€<rai in i. 1. 10. — d'7ro-7re}x.\|/ai : cf. note 
 on direirgjiire in i. 1. 8. — toO ^eviKov: sc. crTpaT€Tjp.aTos, and for the case 
 
ANABASIS 1, II. 11 
 
 see G. 171, 3. — XaPovra : so far removed from 'a^vCa, with whicli we should 
 expect it to agree (cf. XapdvTi and o-vvaWa-yevTL, above), that it takes the 
 case of the (unexpressed) subject of ■^Ktiv. See G. 138, n. 8 b {Dat.). — 
 'ir\r\v: sc. too-ovtwv (G. 191, I. 5) as antecedent to oiroo-oi (G. 87, 1). — 
 CLKPOiroXcis : show how aKpo-iroXis came to have the meaning of cifadd. 
 
 2. €KdX€o-€ : shortvowel of the stem retained (G. 109, 1, n. 2 //). — €kcX€vo-€, 
 urged. Note the chiastic arrangement, tKciXto-c 8€ tovs iroXiopKovvTas Kal 
 Tovs <j>u'yd8as CKt'Xeucre. — viro<rxoH^€Vos . • . oiKoZi, j^^'omising (see iiirio-xvt'o- 
 jjiai) them, if lie should successfully accomplish the objects (G. 152) /or which 
 he toas taking the field, not to stop until he should restore them to their homes 
 (oiKaSe, G. 61). Verbs of promising (G. 203, N. 2) may take the infinitive 
 either m indirect discourse (i. e. the future), or not in indirect discourse 
 (G. 202) as here. (The fut. irava-io-Qai here has only the authority of a 
 correction in one MS.) The dependent verbs, however, except eo-TpareiJCTo, 
 are constructed on the principles of indirect discourse (G. 248, 1), and we 
 might have had cav KaTairpd^T) and -irplv av KaTaYd^T), representing €av 
 KaTairpdlo and irplv &v KaraYdYw of the direct form. On the other hand, 
 €o-TpaT€vi€TO, for which, on the principles of indirect discourse, we might 
 have had either o-TpaT€voiTO or <rTpaT6ij£Tat (as representing o-TpaTgviop.au 
 of the direct form), is not included in the indirect discourse, but is con- 
 structed like an ordinary past verb (like those mentioned in G. 243, n. 2) ; 
 for a fuller explanation of this, see Moods and Tenses, § 77, 1, N. 2 ; § 74, 2, 
 N. 2 ; § 70, N. 2. — Trp6o-9€v irpLv : cf. i. 1. 10, and Moods and Tenses, § 67, 
 N. 4. — i^Sitos : adv. der. from tiSvs (G. 74, 1). 
 
 Page 4. — avTw: dat. of indir. obj. (G. 184, 2), — iraptia-av €ls, arrived 
 at, i. e. came to (els) Sardis and were by (irap-f^o-av) it. The army was en- 
 camped probably outside the city, so that els means simply to. Sardis was the 
 capital of Lydia and at this time the residence of Cyrus as satrap. See map. 
 
 3. TOVS CK Tojv iroXetuv: cf. twv irapd PaoriXews in i. 1. 5, and the x. — 
 els, to the number of, with numerals (G. 191, III. 1, c). This word and 
 d}j.<j)i, about (G. 191, VI. 1, 3), when used in this sense, are still prepositions 
 and take the numeral in the accus. Cf. ireXTao-Tal dp.<j>i tovs riaxiXiovs, 
 about two thousand (ace.) peltasfs (nom.) below in § 9, where dfx<j>L . . . 8lo-- 
 XtXiovs is an adj. phrase, ws and 5o-ov, on the other hand, are in this 
 sense adverbs and do not affect the case of the numeral thnt follows. — 
 -yvjiv^Tas : the accent determines the dec. to which the noun belongs, the 
 termination -as being long in the first dec. and short in the third (G. 22, 2). 
 The term -YVfjivTis, light-armed soldier (der. from -yviivos, with which cf. the 
 use of \{;iXo£ in iii. 3. 7), as opposed to hoplite, is generic, and comprehemls 
 the ireXTao-TTis, targeteer, to|ott|s, bowman, and <r^^Zovi\rr\%slinger. — ws, 
 about, see note on els, above. — MeYapevs: for the suffix see G. 129, 10. 
 — ■?iv: in agreement with the nearer subj. (G. 135, N. 1). — t«v o-TpaTevo- 
 jUvwv : pred. part. gen. (G. 169, 1). 
 
 4. ovTOL [jte'v : in contrast with those who joined him later (§ 6 and § 9). 
 Sentences in Greek begin in general, conti^ary to the practice in Eng. , with 
 a conjunction. The exceptions to tins principle in Xen. are mainly such 
 
12 XEl^OPHON. 
 
 sentences as begin with demonstratives or adverbs of place ; of. ovtoi jjl^v, 
 K. T. X., here, tovtov to cupos, k. t. X., in § 5, toOtov SiapcLs, k. t. X. and 
 cvravGa ^fietvev, k. t. X., in § 6, etc. Such sentences are called cases of 
 asyndeton (d-o-vv-Serov, Seca, to hind). — avrw: dat. of advantage (G. 184, 3). 
 — Ti<r<rac}>€pvT]s irope-ueTat, k. t. X.: he declares this himself in ii. 3. 19. — 
 Kara-vo'qo-as, remarking, seeing. — Tj-yTjo-djievos : der. from the same root as 
 d"y«. It has, like duco in Lat., the two general meanings of to lead and to 
 think. — ctvat : quoted inf. (G. 260, 2). — (xei^ova i] ws, too extensive to be^ 
 lit. greater than as {it would be, if), etc. — «§ before Pao-iXe'a, to, used only 
 with the ace. of a, person (G. 191, III. 2). — jSao-iXc'a: cf. note on PacriXe'cos 
 in i. 1. 6. — 'n • • • Taxio-Ttt, as rajndly as jJossible, lit. ?'?t tchat way (sc. 68(3, 
 G. 188, 1) he could most quickly. — lirircas : a denominative in €vs (G. 129, 
 2 a). 
 
 5. ■{JKOvo-e : with double obj. (G. 171, 2, n. 1). — ovs : antec. omitted 
 (G. 152). — wpiidTO : the march began in the spring of 401 B. c. — diro: 
 not l|, out of, because the army was not encamped within the city. — Std, 
 through (G. 191, IV. 1). — (rraGfiovs rpeis, three days' journey (G. 161). 
 The <rTa9|x6s was properly the halting Cto-Tap-ai) jj/act; (cf. Lat. sta-bulum), 
 and so the day's journey or 'inarch that preceded. — •n-apao-d'y'yas : ace. of 
 extent of space (G. 161). The jjarasang was a Persian measure e(|ual to 
 30 stadia (ii. 2. 6), or about a league (3^ statute miles). — €iKoori Kal 8vo : 
 note the conj. (G. 77, 2, n. 2). This made their rate of travel greater than 
 ordinary; according to vii. 8. 26, the average rate was 5g parasangs ])er 
 day. — MaiavSpov : position (G. 142, 2, N. 6). Give the Eng. der. See 
 map. — irXtSpa: the -plcthrum measured about 101 Eng. feet. — "ye'tjivpa . .. 
 Iirrd, and there was a pontomi-hridge over (it) made of seven boats (G. 188, 1). 
 
 6. Stands : relatively past (G. 204). Still we render loosely, crossing this, 
 etc. — oIkov|X€vt]v, inhabited, many of the cities of Asia being then, as now, 
 deserted, 2pT||iot. — evSaijiova, pros2}erous. Give its der. — fj|icpas : ace. 
 of extent of time (G. 161). — Me'vwv : the general sent by Aristipi)us. An 
 unfavorable account of him is given in ii. 6. 21 - 29. 
 
 7. IvTttvGa . . . -^iv, there Cyrus had (G. 184, 4) a palace. — Pao-iXtia : sc. 
 8w|xaTa. With the pi. used in this way of the separate buildings composing 
 the palace, cf. aedes in Lat. Distinguish this word from pao-tXeia and 
 pao-iXeia (both of the first dec.) respectively. — ^v : agreeing with the nearer 
 subj. (G. 135, 2, and n. 1). — irapdScio-os : a Persian word meaning prop- 
 erly a walled place. What is the Eng. der.?— Gr^picov : limiting irXripTis 
 (G. 180, 1 ; 172, 1). — dirb I'lrirov, on horseback, lit. from a horse, because 
 in hunting the attack upon the animal hunted proceeds from the horse. 
 Where this relation is not to be expressed, the phrase is l«j>' I'lrirov, as in iii. 
 4. 49, eirl toG Virirov ?\y€v, he led them on horseback. — ottotc PovXouto : a 
 cond. rel. sent, expressing a gen. supposition in past time (G. 233). — 8id 
 . . . TrapaSgio-ov, and through fMc middle (G. 142, 4, N. 4) of the park, etc. 
 — atiToi) : in the pred. pos. (G. 142, 4, N. 3 a). — Tri^^ai eltrtv Ik twv Pacri- 
 Xetwv : the more precise statement would be ev tols [SacriXeuois, but the gen. 
 is used with €K with reference to the subsequent flowing of the water out 
 from (under) the palace. 
 
 ^ 
 
ANABASIS 1, II. 13 
 
 Page 5.— 8. '4(m.: accent (G. 28, n. 1(1), end). —lirC, close upon, with 
 the dat. and a verb of rest. So vitto (next line), under, at tlui foot of. — Kal 
 ovTos, this also, i. e. the Marsya.s as well as the Maeander. — ciipiXXfi, 
 empties, intransitively. — -iroSoiv: pred. gen. of measure (G. 169, 3). — Xt- 
 ytrai . . . cxSeipai, Apollo is said to have Jlaijcd, etc., the pers. const, for 
 the impers., Xe-ytrat 'AiroXXwva cKStipai. The dir. form of the anecdote 
 would be €VTavi0a 'AttoXXwv e^e'Seipt . . . cKpc'ixao-c (G. 246, with note). 
 Mapo-vav : j\larsyas is said to have challenged Apollo to a musical contest, 
 on the terms that the vanquished should be at the mercy of the victor. 
 When Apollo gained the day, he punished Marsyas for his insolence by 
 hanging him to a tree and flaying him alive. (See Marsyas in a Class. 
 Diet.) — epi^ovxa (G. 277, 2), in a contest. — ot as indir. reflexive (G. 144, 
 2«) refers to Apollo. — ircpt : properly arow?ic? (G. 191, VI. 5). So in a de- 
 rived sense here, concerning, Lat. de. — (ro<j)ias, mtisical skill, lit. ivisdoni, 
 der. from o-o<}>6s (G. 129, 7). — Sepjia: note the snff. fiar-, signifying the 
 result of the action (G. 129, 4), and for the stem of. tK-Sctpai (Sep-), above. 
 Scipo) shows the same root that the Eng. word tear does. — iiOcv, vjhcnce, for 
 69i or ov, where (G. 87, 2). Cf. clclv €k twv PacriXciwv in § 7 and note. — 
 8td: with the ace. on account of (G. 191, IV. 1, 2). — Mapo-vas: pred. 
 nom. (G. 136). 
 
 9. TTJ fidxtl; ^^^ ^^^^ well-hioivn (t^) battle (G. 188, 1), that of Salamie, 
 480 B. c. For the suffix of l^dxil, see G. 129, 1. — XeYerai oiKo8op,fio-at: 
 cf. \iyerai cKSetpai in § 8 and the note. — To^dras KpfJTas : the Cretan 
 bowmen were celebrated in antic^uity. — 2o(}>atvcTOs : if this is the general 
 mentioned in § 3, the purpose for which he had been left behind must 
 remain in doubt. The numbers given in the preceding sections and the 
 sum total given here (at the end of the section) will not tally. — eleVacriv : 
 from ll-cTa^w, to examine thoroughly, iraXui, from Ireos, reaJ. — e^e'vovTO oi 
 crvixTravxes, the icholc together amounted to. — oirXiTai, 7reXTa(rrat : a case 
 of part, appos. (G. 137, n. 2). The second of these nouns is used generi- 
 cally for light-armed troops in general, including the yujivfiTcS (§ 3) and 
 the Toldrai (mentioned in this section). — dp.({>l revs 8io-xi-Xiovs : see note 
 on tls in § 3. 
 
 10. Up to tliis time the march has been southeast. Cyrus now turns 
 back and marches northwest as far as Kepa/xQu dyopd, probably with the 
 double object of increasing his supplies and getting on the main liigh-road 
 to the east. — ev als : sc. T||j.€paLs. — rd AuKata ^9v<r€, celebrated the Lycnca 
 with sacrifice, a festival in honor of Zevs Atncatos, so named from Mt. Ly- 
 caeus in Arcadia, rd AvKaia is a cogn. ace. (G. 159). Cf. the phrase 
 Tre'iiireiv BoT]8pd}iia, to celebrate the Boedromia by a procession. — -rjo-av : in 
 agreement with the pred. nom. (G. 135, N. 4). — {TTXc-y-yCSes : a sort of tiara, 
 made of gold, as here stated, and worn as an ornament for the head. — 
 Xpvcrai : der. from xp^o'os (G. 129, 14). — Kepap-wv: probably the gen. 
 of Kepafiot, the Ceramians, though this is uncertain. "With K€pa|xc3v d^opd 
 cf, the Eng. Newmarket. — Itrxdrriv irpds, the last bordering on, on the road to. 
 
 11. The rate at which Cyrus marched these three days was veiy rapid. 
 
14 XENOPHON. 
 
 His object probably was to meet Epyaxa before his troops became clamor- 
 ous for their pay. — Kavo-rpov irSCov, the name of a town (lit. j'^Zawt of 
 the Cayster), a compound noun like KcpajJLwv d-yopd, above, Cf. the Eng. 
 names of places, Dartmoor and Springfield. — axpeiXero, tliere was due. — 
 irXt'ov : used indeclinably for irXcovcov. — Ovpas, quarters, just as ktri rats 
 Pao-iXe'cos 9vpais in i. 9. 3 means at court. — 6 Be . . . 8it]Y€, hut he continu- 
 ally put them off with the hope (of getting their pay). — uvicofjievos : quoted 
 after 8t]Xos r\v (G. 280, N. 1). — irpos, i7i accordance with (G. 191, VI. 6 
 1 a). — Tov Kvpov rpoTTO-u : the article limits rpoTrov (G. 142, 1), — 'iyjiv- 
 Ttt, when able (G. 138, n. 8 h). 
 
 Page 6. — d-jr-riTovv, diro-SiSovat : note the force of the preposition. 
 But in § 12 simply 8»-Dvai, because Cyrus had in fact no claims on Epyaxa. 
 
 12. Syennesis is said to have pursued a double policy and to have en- 
 deavored to propitiate both Cyrus and Artaxerxes, determined to keep his 
 throne whichever of the two prevailed. The kings of Cilicia were at this 
 time tributary to Persia. On the Ionic gen. in 2v€vvecrios,seeG.53,l,N.3.— 
 Tov Pao-iXews: note the article. — cXcycto 8ovvai : the pers. const., but be- 
 low eXe'-ycTo o-vyYcve'crOat Kvpov. — oSv, at any rate, i. e. however he got 
 the money, he at any rate certainly had it to pay his troops with. Cf. oiv, 
 below, in §§ 22, 25. — o-Tparia: his Greek army. — <|)vXaKas: note the 
 accent, and cf. the note on <|>-uXaKds in i. 1. 6. 
 
 13. irapd : with the ace. because of the course of the water, after it haa 
 left the Kpi]VT], along by the road. Cf. m^'yal Ik twv ^aoriXdoiv in § 7 and 
 the note. — Kpr\vr] . . . KoXov\t.ivt], the so-called (G. 276, 1) spring of Midas, 
 lit. the sp)ring called {that) of Midas. — tov Sdrvpov : Midas, the prover- 
 bially wealthy king of Phrygia, is said to have caught the satyr Sileuus (the 
 early protector and constant companion of Bacchus) by making the foun- 
 tain here mentioned flow with wine, instead of Avater. Another form of 
 the stor}'- appears in the account of the "Gardens of Midas," placed by 
 Herodotus (viii. 158) in Macedonia, in which Silenus is said to have been 
 made prisoner by garlands of roses. — oivw . . . avTi(]v, by mixing wine in 
 it, lit. by mixing it with wine (the means, G. 188, 1). 
 
 14. Kvpov: genitive object of 8€T]6f]vat (G. 172, n. 1). The object inf. 
 liriSetlai (G. 260, 1) is in this case the ace. — PovXdp.evos : Cyrus was the 
 more willing to gratify her, since he saw the advantage of giving Syennesis fj 
 a vivid impression of the strength of his army. — tcSv 'EXXtjvwv Kal tc5v 
 PapPdpcDV : the article repeated, because the Greeks and barbarians are not 
 viewed as a single army, but as separate forces. 
 
 15. COS . . . ^o.yj\v, as their custom (was) for battle (sc. TaxOf^vai). vo- 
 jtos, regulation, custom-, law, from vi\i<>>, to distribute, portion out. — o-T7]vai, 
 to take their places, not to stand. — ^Kao-rov : sc. <npo.Tf\y6v. — lirl Terrd- 
 pwv, four deep. This made the front of the army very extended. — d\i. : in i 
 agreement with the nearer subj. (G. 135, N. 1). — to |A€v Ss^lov, k. t. X.: the 
 positions were respectively the right, the left, and the centre, named in the 
 order of danger and honor. Tlie right was the most honorable position, be- 
 cause a flank attack on this side left the soldier unprotected, the shield 
 
ANABASIS 1, II. ]5 
 
 being carried on tlie left arm. — €vww(xov: tZ and 6'vou.a, pvoporlv of good 
 name or omen. Hence Icff, used euphemistically lo avni.l the ill-omriied 
 word dpio-Tcpos, omens from the left bein^ unlucky with the fl recks. 
 
 IG. irpwTov (JLc'v : correlated by ttra St in the next line. For the com- 
 parison of irpwTos, see G. 73, 2. — Kar 'iXas . . . rd^eis, by (G. 191, IV. 2, 
 2 c) troops and companies, respectively of cavalry and infantry. — rd^is 
 (Ta7-<ris), properly a draving t(p, as of troojis, see G. 129, 3. — tovs 
 "EXX-qvas : f;overned by tOewpet, above. — irapeXavvwv : Cyrus rode by tlie 
 Greeks with Epyaxa rather than have them march by him, probal)ly because 
 in this way they presented a more solid and imposing front. — ^PH-a, chariot 
 (two-wheeled) ; djia^a, wagon ; dp|JL-d|ia|a, easy-carriage (four-wheeled), 
 for women and children. — x^'^'^o-- deiived from xuXkos (G. 129, 14). — 
 €KK«KaXvfj,p.€vas, nncovcrcd, a circumstantial part, of manner (G. 277, 2). 
 
 17. <rTTi<ras: first aoriat atid so transitive; for its relation to ire'fx^fas, 
 see note on viroXaPwv in i. 1. 7. — Tp6, before (G. 191, I. 4 a). — fi€'<rT]s : 
 of. (X€<rov in § 7 and note. — irpoPaXeo-0ai xd oirXa, to jjrcsent (throw before 
 themselves their') arms. — 8Xt]v tt)v ^aXayya, the phakmx i7i a body (G. 142, 
 4, N. 5). — 01 Bi, but they (G. 143, 1, N. 2). — eo-dXiri-yle : an impers. verb 
 (G. 134, N. 1 d). — tK Se . . . o-KT^vds, and they (sc. airCtv, G. 278, 1) after 
 this (G. 191, I. 3 b) advancing more and more rapidly icith a shout, of their 
 own accord the soldiers (G. 184, 4) began to run toward the camp. 
 
 Page T. — avTofiaTos, acting of ones ovm will (avrds and jidw, to desire 
 eagerly), Eng. aAitoniaton. — eirl rds crKT|vds: to give the barbarians the im- 
 pression that they intended an attack. In the next section the Greeks, it 
 is said, eirl rds o-K-qvds f)X6ov, dispersed to their oint trntf. 
 
 18. PappdpcDV : subjective gen. (G. 167, 2). With cpo^os, sc. fjv. — Kal 
 . . . T€ . . . Kttt : the first Kai connects the statement tliat precedes with the 
 double (t6 . . . Kai, both . . . and) one that follows. — oL Ik TfjS dyopas i^v- 
 yov, i. e. oi ev t.j d70pa Ik ttjs d^opas '4^vyov. Cf. § 3, a]ul i. 1. 5. — 
 XtnirpoTt^Ta : from XajxTrpos (see G. 129, 7). — tt)v rd^tv tov o-Toarcvfia- 
 Tos: position (G. 142, 2, n. 2, end). — tjo-0t] : see fjSofiai. — xbv . . . lS;ov, 
 seeing tlie terror loith which the Greeks inspired the barbarians (G. 141, n. 3). 
 
 19. TavTT]v . . . "EXXt^o-iv, this country he gave over to the Greeks to plun- 
 der (G. 265). It is at this point that Cyrus first gets out of his ow^n satrapy. 
 — TroXc'ixios: from irdXeixos (G. 129, 12). — «s o^a-av , on the ground that 
 it was (G. 277, n. 2). 
 
 20. TTjv Tttxto-TTjv 68dv, by the shortest road (G. 159, x. 5), peculiar use 
 of the cogn. ace. (G. 159) to include the road or way over which motion pro- 
 ceeds. — diroirtixirei, (ruve'ireiixj/ev : cf. note on dvaPo.ivei, dvept], i. 1. 2. — 
 trrpaTLwras : without the article, as if attracted into the rel. clause, ovs 
 o-Tpariwras, k. t. X. (G. 154). — avrdv, himself, i. e. Menon. — p,sTd : prop- 
 erly among (G. 191, VI. 3). Here in company v.ilh. — Adva : a nent. pi. 
 See map for the two routes into Cilicia hen; mentioned. — kv o: sc. yj^iivin, 
 and cf. €v ats in § 10. — <J>oiviKi<rTriv PaCT-tXctov, a wearer of the- royal pur- 
 ple (<}>otvi^), i. e. a nobleman of the highest rank. — Kal 'e'repov . . . Svvd- 
 o-Tt]v, and a certaiii other powerful man of his subordinates. In i. 8. 5 
 
16 XENOPHON. 
 
 Ariaeus is called tVapxcs (lit. subordinate commander). Give the Eng. 
 der. from 8vvd<rTT]s. — eiriPovXeueiv avrw : his charge was, ktri^ovkivova-iv 
 IfjLot (G. 260, 2). 
 
 21. T| tlorpoXTJ : tlie so-called IIvXaiTTis KiXiK^as. — dixa^-irds : give the 
 der. and cf. G. 131, 1. — djiTjxavos . . . o-TpaT€V|xaTu, hi^rraciicahle for an 
 army (G. 184, 3) to enter (261, 1). — d tis IkwXvcv, if there teas anybody to 
 oppose (lit. trying to prevent, G. 200, N. 2) them. — etvai tirl twv diKptov : not 
 with the intention of real opposition, hut to give color to his asserted al- 
 legiance to the king. — etvai : (pioted (G. 246). — 8ib, wherefore, i. e. 8id 6. 
 
 — vo-Tepata: sc. tip-epa. For the case, see G. 189. — on XcXoiircos c'l-n, 
 K. T. X.: the messenger's announcement continues to the end of the section. 
 He said, XeXoiirc, or XeXonrws eo-ri (see G. 118, 4), Svevvscns, k. t. X., 
 Syennesis has left the heights since (I'rrel) he learned, etc., and because (Kal 
 ^Ti) he heard, etc. The clause beginning Srt to Mc'vcjvcs is quoted after 
 fjc-GeTO (see on this form G. 247, with n. 2), f,v occurring whtre cI't] or k<nl 
 would be more regular (G. 243, N. 2). The order of the last of the sentence 
 is, Sti iiKOV€ (G. 247) Tajiuv (G. 42, 2) '^xovra (G. 280) rpt^pcis irepiTrXeov- 
 o-as. The rpiTiptis TrepnrXeoxo-as, being a much more important fact than 
 the TajjLtZv 'i^iovra, is put first, and seems to be the clause quoted after -fJKove, 
 but is not. 
 
 22. o5v, at any rate, i. e. whatever the reason was that Syennesis left the 
 heights. Cf. § 12. — cvSevbs kcjXvovtos, without hindrance, manner (G. 278, 
 1). — rds o-KT]vds, the camp, antecedent of the relative adverb ov, where. 
 
 Page 8. — e^vXaxTCv : cf. ^q-cv in i. 1. 6, krvfl^P-vtv in i. 1. 8. — oivep-q, 
 KaT€'Paiv€V : mark the change of tense. — l-irtpp-uTov : der. ? see G. 15, 2. — 8€V- 
 8pwv : with o-vp-irXcwv (G. 180, 1). — o-vix-rrXewv : Attic second dec. (G. 64). 
 
 — TToXv : agreement (G. 138, K. 1 a). — c|)ep€i : not the hist. pres. Cf. note 
 on dOpoi^ovrai, i. 1. 2. — opos (Mt. Taurus) 8' airb (i. e. to ireSiov) Trcpu'xet, 
 K. T. X.: see the map. 
 
 23. Tapo-ovs, Tarsi or Tarsus, the birthplace of St. Paul. — ■fjcrav: ir- 
 regular agreement (G. 135, 2). Cf. § 7. — p-ecrov: neut. of p-eVos used as a 
 noun, as in the i)hrase peVov T>€pas, midday. The following gen. is part. 
 (G. 167, 6). — 6vo[in, efipos : ace. of specification (G. 160, 1). — irXe'epwv: 
 limits TTOTajxos (G. 167, 5), not cfipos. 
 
 24. ol evoiKovvTcs : substantively (G. 276, 2). — els, kirl : with the ace. 
 in each case, because of the subsequent motion implied in lle'Xiirov, abaii- 
 doned the city for {and fled into) a stronghold up on the mountains. — ttK^v 
 ol . . . 'ixovri<i : sc. ovk lle'Xnrov. — oi irapd . . . oIkovvt€S : cf. tois vtrlp 
 'EXXTjo-TrcvTov o'lKoiio-i, i. 1. 9 and note. Those that remained did so for 
 purposes of trade with the army and fleet respectively. 
 
 25. irpoTepa . . . ddjiKcro, re'tched Tarsi five days (G. 188, 2) before 
 (G. 138, X. 7) Ciirus (G. 175, 1). For the comparison of irpoTepos, see 
 G. 73, 2. — €ls TO ireBiov : adjectively (G. 142, 1 x. & 2). — ol fit'v . . . oi 8c', 
 some . . . nihers (G. 143, 1). — dp-rrdtovTas ti, KaTaKO-n-fivai, had been cxd to 
 pieces {Vj. 260, 2) wMle committing some art of plunder (G. 159, N. 2). — 
 rb aXXo, tlui rest of (G. 142, 2, N. 3). — dra, then, taking up the two pre- 
 
ANABASIS 1, rir. 17 
 
 ceding participles. — oiv, liovxver that u^as. Cf. § 22. — eKarov : ordinarily 
 a single Xoxos naml)ered 100 men. 
 
 26. ot 8' d.\Xoi, i. e. of Menon's army. Emphatic position, as also he- 
 low, Kvpos 8^ l-rrcl, k. t. \. — tovs Tap<rovs : appositive (G. 137). — 8i^p- 
 irao-av: mark the force of the ])rep. — p.€T€7r€'|XTrfcTo irpos eaurov, summoned 
 repeatedly to himself. Cf. fJicTair€|j.Tr€Tai dirb rf^^ ^9yj\% i- 1. 2. — 6 8* o{5t€ 
 . . . oiixc . . . iideXe, hut he both declared that he had ntvrr before, etc., and 
 was then univiUing, etc. The Greek often says ovk '4<^r] IXOeiv, where we say 
 he said that he did not go, oI> <j>t)hi having the sense / denjj. Here oirrt . . . 
 i^r] . . . oijTi . . . ■{]9tX€, lit. h-e neither declared, (i. e. he denied) nor u-ished, 
 is perfectly regular, though it cannot be translated literally. In ovre . . . 
 i^r\ the direct discourse was f]X9ov (G. 246) ; in oiin . . . ■ijGeXc there is no 
 indirect discourse. — ovScvi (G. 283, 9) : the dat. follows els x^^po-s eXQav 
 (G. 186, X. 1), which implies union or approach, and commonly means to 
 come to a conflict with some one, and here properly to come into close rela- 
 tions with (or into the hands of) some one. See Lidd. and Scott, s. v. x*^Pi 
 II. d. — Uvai : sc. els x^^po-s. — irplv ^irtio-e, i'Xape (G. 240, 1). Note the 
 change of subject in ^XaPe. 
 
 27. Kvpos Sc: sc. 28a)Ke. — irapa PatriXet, at court, i. e. at the great 
 King's, the article being omitted. — XQvo-o-yJiXivov, with gold-studded bridle 
 (XaXivds). — dKtvdKT]v, a short stvord. 
 
 Page 9. — d4>ap'n-d^6cr9ai : one of the obj. of ^8wk€ supplied above (G. 260, 
 1). So diroXaiApdvcLv in the next line. — rd Se . . . diroXaixpdveiv, and {the 
 privilege of) taking back the slaves that had. been seized, if they (i. e. Syen- 
 nesis and the Cilicians) should fall in icith them, (i. e. the slaves) anyichere 
 (G. 223). The apodosis is the inf. (fut. in time) diroXafxpdveiv. In place of 
 ^v irov €VTvyxa.vwo-Lv we might have had et ttou kvrvy^avouv (G. 248, 1). 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Synopsis : A delay of 20 days at Tarsi is caused by the Greek soldiers, who 
 now suspect that they are being led against Artaxerxes and refuse to go fartlier. 
 Clearchus, who attempts to force his own troops forward, narrowly escapes being 
 stoned to death. Afterwards, seeming to yield to their wishes, he calls them to- 
 gether and after shediling many hypocritical tears (1-3) details the benefits he 
 has received at the hands of Cyrus, but nevertheless declares his intention to 
 desert him and accompany them wherever they may go (4-6). More than 2000 
 men desert Xenias and Pasion, and encamp witli Clearchus (7). Cyrus send.s 
 for Clearchus, who refuses to go but returns an encouraging message (8). Cle- 
 archus again assembles his soldiers, and in a cunningly constructed address 
 points out to them the difficulties which lie in the way of their withdrawal from 
 Cyrus (9-12). He is followed by several others (13), one of whom proposes a 
 plan at some length which another immediately proves to be nonsense, both act- 
 ing at the secret suggestion of Clearchus. They finally agree to send to Cynis 
 and ask his designs (14-19). Cj^rus answers that he wishes to march against 
 Abrocomas, and promises them half again as much pay as before, whereupon 
 they agree to follow him (20, 21). # 
 
18 XENOPHON. 
 
 1. ovK ?<|>a<rav U'vai, refused to go, said they would not go. Cf. i. 2. 26, 
 and note, and |XL<r0u)OTjvaL Zk ovk 'i^a.(ra.v, below. — tov irpdo-w, forivard, a 
 prose use of the gen. of place (G. 179, 2), like the adverbs in ov, as irov, 
 where, 6}Jiov, in the same i^lace, together, etc. — ■uTrwirrevov : cf. i. 1. 1. — 
 cirl TovTO), for this (G. 191, VI. 2, 2 a). — irpwros: he was the first to do 
 it ; irpcoTov would mean, he did this first, and something else afterwards. 
 irpwTov |X£v, on the other hand (correl. to elra Be below in § 2), means in the 
 first 'place. Cf. i. 2. 16. — e^id^ero: attempted auction (G. 200, n. 2). But 
 below the aor. ijplaTO, (actually) began to move forward. Clearchus is said 
 in ii. 6. 8 to have been a man of stern will. — ^'PaXXov, stoned, sc. rois Xi0ots 
 (■_>. 188, 1), as appears from KaTaTreTpwGfjvai in § 2. 
 
 2. [jLLKpdv, by a little, narrowly (G. 160, 2). — jjlt] : added to the inf. to 
 strengthen the neg. idea contained in k^i^vy^ (G. 283, 6). — KaTaTT-€Tp«9i]- 
 vat, being stoned to death (Kara). — ^-yvw, had come to know (cf. note on €T€- 
 XciuTrjjre, i. 1. 3), and so inrccived. — 6x1 8vvTjo-€Tai : quoted (G. 243 ; 280, 
 N. 3). — eK-KX'q<rLa (KaXew) : the Eng. der. ? — eSaKpve . , . Iottws, stood 
 (G. 124, 1) and wept a long time (G. 161). — roidSe: with ref. to what fol- 
 lows (G. 148, N. 1). 
 
 3. dvSpes a-Tpariwrai, fellow-soldiers, fivSpes prefixed as a term of resjiect, 
 as in the phrase of the courts, dv8p€s SiKao-Tat. Clearchus deals with the 
 dilTiculty with great skill. — pt^ 0av}ia^€T€ : pres. imperative in proliibition 
 (G. 254). — x°'^^'"''^s . . . irpd"y[xa<riv, am greatly distressed (c|>ep<«) intrans.) 
 on account of the present troubles (G. 188,1). irpd-y-jia is properly the thing 
 done (G. 129, 4). — |svos : cf. note on |='vos in i. 1. 10. — kyivero, be- 
 came, not was, cf. i. 1.9. — rd t€ . . . Kat, both honored in other lonys 
 (G. 160, 1) and in particular, etc. — oiis • . . ovk . . . ISairdvcov, which I 
 did not, when I had received them, lay up for myself (used reflexively) for 
 private use (or, more freely, did, not devote to my oion personal use), and (lit. 
 but) did not even squander in pleasure (Kard, tjSvs, irdcrxw), but expended 
 (impf.) on you. 
 
 4. vTre'p, for, in behalf of (G. 191, IV. 3, 1 b). — cTt|icopovp,T)v (so. o.v- 
 Tovs), took vengeance upon ox piunished {them). Tifiwpeiv = to avenge, rijiw- 
 peicr9ai (mid.) = to avenge one's self upon (some one). — d{|>aipei<r9at : double 
 obj. (G. 164, with N. 2). — I'va . . . kr.dvov, that, in c'se he should, have (we 
 might have had edv tl SsrjTat, G. 248, n. ; Mood>i and Tenses, § 55, 2) aiiy 
 (G. 172, N. 1) need {of me), I might aid (G. 216, 1) him in return for the 
 benefits I had received from him, i. e. dvTi toutwv «Sv (G. 153, vvith N. 1) cS 
 liraeov (G. 165, N. 1^) W kKdvov. 
 
 5. vjAHs: emphatic (G. 144, 1). So e^w, below. Cf. also the beginning 
 of § 6. — dvd^K-] : sc. eo-rt. — (fiiXtg, : an instrum.cntal dat. (G. 188, 1, N. 2). 
 — €l, lohether (G. 282, 4). — SiKaia : der. from 8ikt] (G. 129, 12). — oSv : 
 cf. note on olv, i. 2. 12. — <l> ti dv Zir\ (sc. irdo-xeiv) : a cond. rel. sent. 
 (G. 232, 3). — oiJTTOTe ov8eis : emphatic negation (G. 283, 9). — ws ciXdixTiy : 
 quoted without change of mood, (G. 243). Give the form of the verb in dir. 
 disc. — d-ya-yiiv, irpoBovs : for the relation of the two participles, see the 
 note on v-roXapd^v rois <j)€VYovTas in i. 1. 7, and cf. (rTTjcras . . • ire'mJ/as 
 , . . €KeX€vcr€ in i. 2. 17. 
 
ANABASIS 1, III. 19 
 
 Page 10. — 6. i\Loi : dat. of indir. obj. (G. 184, 2). — 6 tu . . . irtCo-o- 
 
 [ittt : lor the use of the moods, cf. § 5, above. — Kal . . . Kal . . . Ka£, equally 
 . . . and . . . and. — trvv vjJtuv, i. e. if I should remain with you, is the prot. 
 (G. 226, 1) to the following civ elvai, which Jstands by quot. (G. 246) for dv 
 cI'tjv. In the alternative sentence that follows, the prot. to dv etvat lies in 
 ¥pT]|ios wv, = €l . . . dr\v (G. 226, 1 ; 277, 4). The cond. rel. clause Sttov 
 &v (S, ubicunque ero, presents the supposed future case more vividly than 
 the more leguiar oirov €it]v would have done, — wherever I may be, for 
 vjhcrever I might be. See Moods and Tenses, § 63, 4, («)• The opt. with &v, 
 it should be remembered, is sometimes merely a softened expression for the 
 fat. indie. (G. 226, 2, N. 1). — Ttji-tos : der. from the same stem with tl[it| 
 (G. 129, 12). — {)|JLwv: gen. after an adj. of want (G. 180, 1). — ovk dv 
 l.tavbs elvai (= oiiK dv iKavbs ^i-r\v): dv (still belonging to ttvai) is rej)eated 
 after oDre before each of the dependent inhnitives (G. 212, 2). — a)4)6\f]o-ai, 
 dXe'^c(r0ai: inhnitives limiting ikuvos (G. 261, 1). — cLs ... ^X'T€, be of 
 this opinion, therefore, that I shall go, etc. ; or more lit. , to show the force 
 of the causal gen. abs, with d)s (G. 278, l"-^, end), since, therefore, I shall 
 {as I say, ws) go, etc., be of this mind. — oirr] dv Kal v|i€is : sc. I'-qre {Moods 
 and Tenses, § 42, 3, N. 2'^). 
 
 7. Tavra: with reference to what precedes (G. 148, N. 1). — ol' t€, the 
 art. receiving the accent from the following enclitic. — 6tl . . . iroptveo-Qai : 
 ex])lanatory of ravxa (G. 243). The direct discourse of ov <j>aiT] 'n-op€i»£cr0ai 
 would be oi; ^T\^y. iropeuecrGai, / deny that I am going (see note on i. 2. 26). 
 — ir\€iovs for TrXeuovcs (G. 72, 2, N. 1). — tcTTpaToireSevo-avTO : der. from 
 orxpaToireSov (G. 131, 1). — Note that irapd occurs in tlds section with 
 each of the three cases (G. 191, n. 1). 
 
 8. TovTois : dat. of cause (G. 188, 1). — o-TpariwTwv : gen. with adverb 
 (G. 182, 2, end). — avrw: indir. obj. (G. 184, 1). — '^Xe^e Gappeiv, bade him 
 not to be discouraged (G. 260, 1): Xcyod in this use is equivalent to KeXevw; 
 so etirov when used with the inf. (G. 260, 2, N. 1). — cos . . . Sc'ov, since this 
 matter ivould be settled (G. 278, 1^) in the right ivay (G. 139) ; ws (G. 277, 
 N. 2) shows that the participial sentence gives the ground on which Clc- 
 archus bade Cyrus to be encouraged. — [leTaTrefiirco-Gai, to continue to send 
 for {him). — avrbs • . • Uvai, but for himself (modifies subj. of Uvai, G. 138, 
 K. 8) lie said, he should not go. avros marks the opposition of the two per- 
 sons, the thought being: ^'You continue to send for me, but still I'll not 
 
 go." 
 
 9. fi€Td 8e ravra, after this (G. 191, VI. 3, 3 b). — 6*, i. e. re (G. 17, 1). 
 T«v . . . PovXcfjievov, any one of the rest (G. 168) that tcished (G. 276, 2). — 
 TOL Kvpov: TrpaYfAara omitted (G. 141, N. 4). — 8t]Xov : sc. itrrC. — ovtojs 
 • . . Ikcivov, i. e, his relations to us are in just (ircp in oicrTrep) the same posi- 
 tion as ours to him. — knd ye, since at any rate. — "np-iv : with the follow- 
 ing noun (G. 185). — |iio-0o-8ottis : compound noun expressing the agent 
 (G. 131, 1; 129, 2 J). 
 
 10. [it'vToi : used in sinister sense : " Though our relations are at an end, 
 he may, however, not be done with us." — Kal neTatrtiJLirop.ivov avrov^ though 
 
20 XENOPHON. 
 
 he continues to send, etc. (G. 277, n. IZ;). — to p,^v ^iyitrrov, chirfly (G. 160, 
 2) : tlie conel. follows in ^-jreira Kat. — alo-xwojievos, from shame. — c\|/€u- 
 o-|ji€vos : quoted after <rvvoi8a (G. 280, N. 2). — fX'^ . . . eTriOfj: obj. clause 
 (G. 218). — 8tKT]v (Sv . . . TjSiKfio-Oai, 2)icHishme7it fo7' those things (sc. tovtwv 
 limiting SCki^v, G. 153, N. 1) in which (c5v for &, cognate ace, G. 159, n. 2) 
 he thinks he has been wronged (G. 260, 2) hy me, — i. e. ^punishment for tJie 
 wrongs he thinks he has suffered from me. 
 
 11. Ipiol . . . KttGevSeiv, the time, therefore, does not seem to me to he (one) 
 for sleeping (G. 261, 1). 8ok€w in the sense simply of to seem takes the inf. 
 in indir. disc, (G. 246). In the sense of to seem good or best, as in the phrase 
 8oK€i dirte'vai, below, the accompanying inf. is not in indir. disc. In either 
 case it is the subj. (not obj.) of 8oK€ft). Cf. the uses of videor in Lat. — 
 T||i.wv avTcUv, ourselves (G. 80 ; 171, 2). — 5 ti xP'^ • ^^^ indir. question 
 (G. 149, 2'^). — CK TovTwv, oiext (G. 191, I. 3 b), expressing time (sequence) 
 with an implied idea of consequence, m consideration of, in consequence of, 
 the present circumstances. — '^ws fJL€vo|j,£v avrov, as long as, while, ive are 
 staying here (avrov, adv.). 'iots with the pres. ind. never can mean until. 
 — o-KeiTTcov etvai: in the dir. form (G. 246) crK€'irT€ov ka-Tl (G. 281, 2). — • 
 do-iJ>aX£'<rTaTa : superlative adv. (G. 75). — 6ttws [ievwjJtev : an obj. clause 
 after a verb of caring for with the subj. (G. 217, n. 1). But in the alterna- 
 tive sentence we have the reg. constr. (G. 217), Sttws dirtfjitv (G. 200, n. 3 b), 
 iJirws ^^o|X€V. Many editions have |JL€vov(Jiev for fie'vwjiev by conjecture. 
 
 Page 11. — &V€v, tuithout (G. 191, I. 5). — oiire . . . ov8€'v, neither gen- 
 eral (G. 167, 1) nor private is of any use. 
 
 12. 6 8* dvTjp . . . <J>iXos in, but tlie man (1. e. Cyrus) is a valuable (lit. 
 worth much, G. 178, i^.) friend, to whomsoever he is a friend (G. 233). — 
 €v0p6s, iroXe'ixLos, i. e. whomsoever he is at ivar with (kv TroXep-w), he comes 
 to hate as a personal enemy, so earnest is he. — vavTiKT|v : from vavTi^s, a 
 sailor, and that from va-us. Note the sufF. in each case, ikos, ttjs. — op-oicos: 
 with irdvTss, lohich we all alike. — 8okov|jl€v pot Ka9f]<r9ai : cf. 8ok€i in 
 § 11, and the note. — avrov : construe with Troppw, at a distance from him 
 (G. 182, 2). — oipa (sc. co-ti) : cf. § 11, above. 
 
 13. €K TOVTov, after this, upon this. — €k tov avrop-drov : cf. dirb tov 
 avTop,dTov, i. 2. 17. — Xs'^ovres, to say (G. 277, 3); in the next line Iiri8€t- 
 KvvvT€S, showing (G. 277, 3 and 6 ; Moods and Tenses, § 109, 5, last ex.). — 
 €Ke(vov, i. e. Clearchus. — cI't] : indir. question (G. 243). — d-iropia : give its 
 derivation. — |«V€iv, d-me'vai: with diropta (G. 261, 1). 
 
 14. els 81 8-^ tlTTc, but one in particular proposed. Both this man and 
 the one who answered him in § 16 doubtless spoke at the instigation of 
 Clearchus. — IXeVOai : with eiire, Avith which in the sense of propose or 
 com'mand the inf. is not in indirect disc. {Moods and Tenses, § 15, 2, N. 3). 
 Cf. § 8. The six following infinitives, beginning with d^opd^eo-Oai, have the 
 same construction Avith eXeVGat. The conditional sentences dependent on 
 these inf., el p.i?| povXerai and edv 8l8<S (bis), — being dependent clauses in 
 indirect discourse, — might have been each in the opt. (G. 248, 1), although 
 cl PovXoiTO would have been ambiguous. So ^irws p.'^ 4>0d<ra><ri might kayo 
 
 ^ 
 
ANABASIS 1, m. 21 
 
 been opt., like ws diroirXsoiev, above (G. 248, N.). — t) 8' d-yopo. . . . o-rpa- 
 TcufJittTi : thrown in parenthetically by the historian to show the absurdity 
 of the })roposition. — alreiv : with two aecs. (G. 164). — irXoia : transport- 
 vessels, boats. — lav |i.t) 8i8w : the verl) of the apod, is alreiv, which after 
 clirc, proposed, is tut. in ibrce. See G. 223. — <j)tXtas (sc. oiio-rjs) : pred. 
 adj. (G. 138. Rem.). — 6o-Tis dird^et: jmrpose (G. 236). — Jat^Sc, not even 
 ((I. 283, 2). — (ruvTdTTeo-9ai, d-yopdyeo-Gat, crucrKevd^eo-Qat : the three uses 
 of the mid. voice (G. 199, 1, 2, 3). — tt|v Tii.yJ.fny\v : adv. ace. (G. 160, 2), 
 
 — irpoKaTaX-qxI/oiAtvovs : sc. dtv8pas. Tlie part, expresses purpose (G. 277, 
 3). — Tu dKpa, i. e. of ]\It. Taurus, the pass by which they had entered 
 Cilicia. — oirws 4>0d(rwo-i, : purpose (G. 210). Note the three ways in which 
 purpose has been expressed in this section. — S-ircjs . . . KaraXaPovTes, might 
 not seize than first (G. 279, 4). — «v (the antec. is ol KtXiKes) is a jiart. f^en. 
 with iroXXovs, but a poss. gen. with xp^lH-o-Ta (G. 167, 1 and 6). — -h-oXXous 
 Kal iroXXd x.P'HP'CiTa, many men (as captives) axd much properiy. — 'iy^o^-iv 
 dvi]p'iraK6T£s = dvi^p-n-dKafiev koA ^^oM-ev : notice the sudden change to direct 
 discourse. — toctoOtov, so much only (^as follows). This refusal to take the 
 lead would embarrass them still more. 
 
 15. (OS |i€v . . . Xe^sTO), let no one speah of me as lil-ely to he general 01% 
 this occasion; the part, with tos after Xe-yeTw on the analogy of the constr. 
 explained in G. 280. See also Moods and Tenses, § 113, K. 10, {c). — 
 (TTpaTiryiav : cogn. ace. (G. 159). — jxr^SsLS : prohibition (G. 2.54). — €v-cpw, 
 see in the undertaking. — iroi-qTt'ov : sc. k<nl (G. 281). Since tovto is in 
 the neut. sing, the construction may be regarded either pers. or impers. at 
 pleasure. — tos ircio-ofxai : sc. ovtco Xe'-yere from the preceding (xr|8€LS Xe-ytTw. 
 
 — 8v dv '^Xt]o-0€ (G. 232, 3), quemcunque elegeritis. We might have had 
 to dy (G. 153), for which there is slight MS. authority. — fj 8uvaTbv |xd- 
 Xio-ra, to the best of my ability ; |xdXi(rTa belonging to Treicrop.ai, and r\, as 
 (G. 87, 2), to IcTTi understood with 8\JvaT6v. Cf. ws p-dXio-ra, ws Tdx^io-Ta, 
 <ind note on Sti dirapacrKcvoTaTov, i. 1. 6. — I'va elSfjTe : purpose (G. 216). 
 
 — 8ti Kal . . . dvGptGirwv, that I know how also to submit to authority as well 
 as any other man that lives ; |idXio-Ta dvGpwirwv, in the highest degree {best 
 of all men, G. 168), belongs to iTrLO-Tajiai, and is really superfluous to the 
 sense after ois tls Kal dXXos, {as urJl) as a.vy other man whatsoever (KaC 
 being emphatic). For the latter, ct ns Kal dXXos is more common (see 
 i. 4. 15). 
 
 16. €ii^]0£iav: from €v^0t<s, simple-minded, from eS and f|0os. ISTote the 
 suffix (G. 129, 7). — wo-irep . . . iroiovfjitvov, just as {ve might ask for 
 them, G. 277, n. 3), if Cyrus should make his cxpeditimi back again, i. e. 
 should give up his plana and return home, so as not to need the boats 
 longer. Kupov Troiotip.e'vou = cl Kiipos ttoiolto. — us eiJTjGes eiT], that it 
 was silly (G. 243), corresponding to r'i\v iv-t]Qiiav in the clause with [itv. 
 In the dependent clause <S Xvp.aivop.€0a there is a change to direct discourse 
 (otherwise we should have XvfjiaivovTai or XvfJ.aivoivTo, G. 247), which con- 
 tinues to the close of the speech in § 19. — irapd rovrov: in the place of 
 the simjAe tovtov. (Cf. the const, with alrctv in § 14). — w: dat. of dis- 
 
22 XENOPHON. 
 
 advantage (G. 184, 3). — irpa^is, i. e. irpa-y-cris (G. 129, 3), i. e. plan of 
 operations. 
 
 Page 12. — el irio-Teuo-oixev (G. 221, N.), if ice propose to trust; not 
 equivalent to €ttv TrwrTcyo-coixev, if we shall trust. — ti kwXvcl . . . Trporcara- 
 Xa|AJ3dv6tv (ironical) : the order is tI KtoXiJet (sc. T|fids) Kal KcXeveiv K. -rrpoK. 
 TO. d-Kpa Tijxiv; The meaning is, that if they propose to trust Cyrus's guide, 
 they might as well show still greater confidence in Cyrus himself, and tell 
 him to secure the heights for them ! 
 
 17. I7C0 : em[!hatic. — "ydp : the sect, states the grounds for the distrust 
 of Cyrus which the speaker would entertain under the conditions supposed. 
 
 — d 8otT] : eond. rel. clause (G. 232, 4); so also cS (G. 153) 8oit], following. 
 
 — p.Tj KaraSvoTT) : obj. clause after a verb oi fearing (G. 218); so p,T] d-yd-yr), 
 following. — aurais rais Tpirjpeo-i, triremes and all (G. 188, 5). The tri- 
 reme (xpeis, 'x^(a ; Lat. tri-remis) was a war-vessel with three banks of 
 oars. It is hardly possible that the TrXoia, transports for troops, here 
 mentioned, can be soberly called triremes; it is probable that airais 
 Tats TpiT|peo-i is added to KaraSuo-T] to heighten the absurdity, — ^^Jicct 
 and all,'' as we sometimes say "horse, foot, and dragoons" or "bag and 
 baggage." There is, however, some MS. authority for omitting avrais, 
 in which case rats TpiV}p€o-L will mean by his oion triremes. — ^o^oL^t\v : 
 a stronger word than oKvew, used to indicate a climax of feeling. — 60€v, 
 i. e. €K€itr€ 606V, to the place from which. — ov\ oiov re '^crrai, it will not be 
 jMSsible (G. 151, N. 4'*^). The antecedent of 69€v is obviously definite (note 
 the neg., G. 230). If he had wished to speak less vividl}^ he would have 
 said, 68£v ouk dv oIov re cI't]. — diriwv = el d'rrioip.t (G. 277, 4). — dKovros 
 Kl'oo-u, sc. ovtos : the adjs. Ikwv and dKwv are often used in this way with- 
 out tov, as if themselves participles. — XaQeiv . . . direXGiov, to get off without 
 his knoii'ing it (G. 279, 4). 
 
 18. dvSpas: subj. of epwrdv. The whole sentence from dvSpas to the 
 end of § 19 (except the parenth. ovrto . . . aTrioijiev) is the subj. of 8ok€i. — 
 oI'tivss, such as are (sc. elo-L). — ti . . . xP'no"0a'''> ichat (G. 149, 2^) use he 
 wishes to make of its (G. 188, 1, n. 2, entire). The same use of the eases 
 in ol'aTrep (for otavirep by assimilation, G. 153) . . . tois ^e'vois. — irpoVSev : 
 for the time referred to, cf. i. 1. 2. 
 
 19. TT]s TrpdcrOev, than the former o'ne, sc. irpdlecos (G. 175, 1). — edv 
 <}>aiv7iTai, d^iovv : note the not infrequent use of the inf. in a future sense 
 as the apod, of this class of cond. sentence (G. 223). A case just precedes 
 in § 18 in Idv r[^ '^TrecrSat, and another follows in 8 rt 8* dv Xe'-yT] dva-yyciXai 
 (G. 232, 3). — d^iovv, demand, i. e. the deputies (dv8pas) inentioned in 
 § 18. dva-yYeiXai has the same subj.; but PovXeveo-Gai has ■qp.ds expressed. 
 
 — ireioravTa: e. g. by means of greater pay. Cf. § 21. — irpbs <|>i.Xiay, in 
 frirndship. — liroixevoi, diriovres : these might be respectively el eirotiieOa, 
 el d-iTLoifJisv (G. 277, 4). — (jsLXoi, TrpoGvp-oL : pred. adjs. Give the der. of 
 Trp6-9v}JLos. — irpbs raiiTa, vnth respect to this (G. 191, VI, 6, 3 c). 
 
 20. ^'So^e TttiiTa, this vms approved. The ordinary beginning of an j^the- 
 nian decree was ravra ^8o|e xfj PovXfj Kal tw Stjiao), i. e. be it enacted by tJie 
 
ANABASIS 1, IV. 23 
 
 like other langiuii^'cs, often uses the i)res. of such verbs as / hear, I learn 
 I say, even whcMi their action is strictly iinished {Moods and lenses, § ]n, 
 1, N. 5). — €x0pov dvSpa: note; the dillerence between ex®P-'s 'in<l -n-oXcfiLcs 
 (see note on § 12, above). — ctvai, icas, as a matter of hearsay, while ovra 
 would have implied more responsibility for the fact on the part of tlie. 
 speaker (G. 280, with n. 3). — direxovTa . . . (rTa0[xovs, twelve stages q/f or 
 distant (dire'xovTa with 'AppoKojiav, G. 276, 1). — irpbs toOtov, to him, 
 with an implieil sense of against, which would he cxprcsseil projierly by 
 errl. — xpT]'^€iv €-Tri0€ivai : give the dir. form. — rjiJitis kti, k. t. X.: the quot. 
 here becomes direct. It should be noted with what remarkable ease the 
 Greek, contrary to the Eng. idiom, allows this trausition from the indirect 
 to the direct form. Cf. § 16. 
 
 21. aLpeToi: verbal from aipiu (G. 117, 3). — toW Be . . . ■f|v, hit they 
 had, etc. (G. 143, 1, N. 2; 184, 4). — ti7r-ox|;ia : the sufT. expresses action 
 (cf, G. 129, 3). — oTi dt7€i : quoted without change of mood after tois 8ir 
 virotjyCa TjV = virwTTTevov Se. But below, after i^KotJO-cv, with change of 
 mood, 6ti ^701 (G. 243). — irpbs PaonXca : as -rrpbs tovtov in § 20. — eSoKci ; 
 why ISoKei here, but 'i^oi^e. (aor.) in § 20 ? — Trpoo-airovcri uro-ec'v, ask ad- 
 ditional (irpos) ^Xi?/. — f,p,i-dXiov : der. ? — Swo-civ : note the tense (G. 203, 
 N. 2). — ov, i. e. TovTO-u ov, than that which, ov for 8 by attraction : cf. a 
 in § 17 and ol'aTrcp in § 18. The gen. goes with fijiidXiov, whi';h has the 
 force of a comparative, a half more (G. 17.5, 1, x. 1). — SapeiKov: see note 
 on i. 7. 18. — Tov [JiT]v6s, each month (G. 179, 1). — ev tw <|>avepai = <j)av€- 
 pidS (G. 139, 2). This implies that there was a secret understanding of the 
 real facts on the part of some. The soldiers accuse the generals of this in 
 i. 4. 12. — By the expedient here described Cyrus led the Greeks iiiJieteen 
 stages farther inland (in place of the twelve j)roposed in § 20) before an- 
 nouncing publicly his real purpose. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Synopsis : Cjtus proceeds to the river Psarus, thence to the river Pyramu?, 
 and finally reaches Issi upon the sea-coast, the last city in Cilicia (1). Here lie 
 remains three days, during whicli time his fleet arrives. He is also joined by 
 the Greek mercenaries who desert from Abrocomas (2, 3). Hence he proceeds 
 to the Gates of Cilicia and Syria. Abrocomas does not attempt to bar his pas- 
 sage, but retreats towards Babylon (4, 5). Cjtus advances through S}-ria, and 
 is deserted at Myriandrus by Xenias and Pasion. It is rumored that he will 
 pursue them (6, 7) ; but calling his Greek generals together, he annoimces that 
 he shall not do so. This decision pleases the Greeks, and they accompany him 
 with greater alacrity (8, 9). He crosses the Psarus and reaches the sources of 
 the Dardas, where he burns the palace of the SjTian governor (9, 10). At Tliap- 
 sacus on the Euphrates he announces the real object of his e:qjecUtiou (11). 
 
24 XENOPHON. 
 
 The troops refuse to go on without extra pay (12), which Cyrus agrees to give 
 them. Menoi), in the mean time, urges his troops to cross the Euplirates beiore 
 the others decide, and so win the favor of Cyrus by seeming most forward in his 
 service (13-15). They comply, and Cyrus expresses liis satisfaction (16). He 
 then crosses the Euphrates with the rest of his troops, and proceeds to the 
 Araxes, where he remains three days (17-19). 
 
 Page 13. — ^1. It is now the last of spring, and the army has been on 
 the march four months. The distance from Sardis tlms far travelled is 
 222 parasangs. Review on the map the route travelled up to Tarsi. — <rra~ 
 8tov : the connnon Greek standard of length, equal to 606f Eng. feet, some- 
 what less tlian a furlong. This was the length of the crrdSiov, or course for 
 foot-races, at Olympia, which measured exactly 600 Greek feet. The noun 
 is heterogeneous (G. 60, 2) : cf. o-TciStoi in § 4. — i(rx6.rr\v : without the 
 art., where we should use it. Cf. i. 2. 10. — eirl . . . otKo\JiX£VT]v, situated 
 (lit. beivg inhabited) close upon the sea. 
 
 2. Kvpo) : for the case cf. avrw in i. 2. 4, and note. The fleet is the one 
 already mentioned in i. 2. 21. — kir avrais, over them, but below in § 3 
 kirX Twv v€wv (lirt with the gen.), on hoard the shijjs. — vau-apx.os, admiral 
 (fci va-y- see G. 131, 1, N. ). — i\s(tlTo h* o.iTaLl<i, conducted them {G . 171, 3, 
 n).- — crepas, besides. So often dXXos. — eiroXiopKei, had been besieging ; so 
 o-vv€TroX€[X£L : the subj. of both of these verbs is a pronoun referring to 
 Tamos. Cf. for the tense erv-yxavev, i. 1. 8. — ore rjv, since it had been (G. 
 250). — avTov, i. e. Tissaphernes. 
 
 3. (ieTd,ir€p.irTos, sent for (G. 117, 3), equal to }ieTaTr€}i(}>G€Cs, and so fol- 
 lowed by viro Kvpov (G. 197, 1). Chirisophus was sent with these troops 
 from Sparta in return for the aid rendered the Lacedaemonians by Cyrus 
 dui'ing the Peloponnesian War. He became in the retreat senior comman- 
 der. — »v . . . Kvpov, the command of whom he (nov:) held binder Cijrus. — 
 (bpjxcvv, laij at anchor, from 8p|xos, a roadstead. The quai-ters of Cyrus, it 
 would ajqiear, were pitched close upon the sea. — oi Trap' ' A^poK6\ia : cf. 
 Toiv irapd PacriXe'cos in i. 1. 5, and note. For the gen. 'Aj3poK6p.a, see 
 G. 39, 3. This Doiic gen. in Attic is found chiefly in foreign projier names. 
 
 — jxiG-0o-(|)6poi : give its der. (G. 131, 1). 
 
 4. trvXas : the article omitted, the noun being used almost as a proper 
 name. The pass itself is here meant. — ^a-av SI Tavra, and these {gates) 
 consisted of: ravra, for axirai because of tcCx'H, ^^^'-^ ^crav for ^v (G. 135, 2) 
 because the two walls were in the writer's mind. — to ... to irpb Ttjs Ki- 
 Xiivias : position of the attrib. phrase (G. 142, 2). After ^crwGev, sc. tcixos. 
 
 — €iXe : not, of course, in person. — 8id [xeVov to-ut<ov : cf. 8id fiso-ov rr\<s 
 rcoki'jis, i. 2. 23, and note. — dtirav to \ii<rov, the entire distance betineen. — 
 TCLX^iv : poss. gen. (G. 167, 1). — fjo-av agrees with o-TaSioi (G. 135, N. 4). 
 
 — KaGi^KovTa: to be connected with tjv, r\v Ka0T|KovTa being equivalent to 
 KaGfjKe. — v-TipQev, i. c nverhanginrj the pa'S. — e:|)eio'TTjK€cray TrvXni, gates 
 had been set in each wall. Here -TrvXat has its proper meaning of gates, 
 large and double like those in a city wall. 
 
 ^ 
 
ANABASIS 1, IV. 25 
 
 5. ?V€Ka, on account of (G. 191, I. 5). Commonly placed after the word 
 it governs, or one of the moditiers of that word (as here). — d-rropi.pdo-ti.tv 
 irapeXOoicv : change of subj. Dift". between Pipdl^w and Pa^vw ? — tio-w Kal 
 y|«, i. e. on both sides of the Syrian wall, that he might attack A. both in 
 front and rear. The distance between the two walls was over a third of a 
 mile (three stades). — el <}>vXdTTOL€v : if the preceding optatives were sub- 
 junctives (G. 216, 2) this clause might be edv 4)vXdTT«(riv. 
 
 Page 14. — Sirep, just the thing which, referring to the clause just pre- 
 ceding. — 'ixovra, since he Imd (G, 277, 2). — ovra : quoted (G. 280). Cf. 
 dKov£i ttvat in i. 3. 20, and note. — a>s IXe-yero : probably personal, as he 
 was said. Cf. i. 2. 8, note. — p-vpidSas : Eng. dei-. ? 
 
 6. IftiropLov, mart, Lat. and Eng. emporium, from ^p-rropos (irepdo), 
 irc-pa, cf. iropeuo)), a traveller, incrchant, distinguisht-d from the KdirT]Xos 
 (cf. Ttt Kairi^Xcia, i. 2. 24) by his importing goods in person. — -^iv : we 
 might have had etrrt. Cf. dOpoi^ovrai in i. 1. 2, and note. — to yjiaplov : 
 the subject; the preilicate noun (here i\nr6piov) generally omits the artiile. 
 — avToGi: formed with the sutF. 0i (G. 61). — oXkosIs (properly) a s!iip 
 tliat is towed (^Xkw), vicrchantman. 
 
 7. McYapevs : a gentile noun (see G. 129, 10). — rd . . . ev0e'|i.€voi,, pat- 
 ting on hoard (G. 199, 3) their most valuable effects. — <Ls p.^v, k. t. X.: the 
 correl. clause with Se is omitted ; biit jxev implies that there was another 
 opinion in the camp. — cSokovv : personal; cf. note on 8ok6i, i. 3. 11. — 
 t}>tXoTi(XTj6cvT€S, since iJieij iccre jealous (G. 277, 2) : Sri . . . el'a Kvpos is 
 also causal (G. 250). — direXOovras : see i. 3. 7. • — ws diricvTas : purpose 
 (G. 277, 3; 200, N. 3 b). Cf. ws d-rroKTevwv, i. 1. 3. — Kal ov : sc. lovras 
 from the preceding dinovTas. - — 8ifjX0€ X'j-yos, a report went abroad. — Srt 
 8iiiKoi : quoted ((^1. 243). — TpiT|p£o-t : tlie means (G. 188, 1). — us StiXovs 
 . . . \T^^Qr\va.i, that they might be captured, because (in the opinion of ol p.ev, 
 0. 277, N. 2) ihny were cowards. — d aXoicroivro : fut. of dXio-Kojiat. For 
 the mood, G. 226, 4, x. 1 ; 248, 2. For ei aXucrovrai of the direct form, 
 see G. 223, N. 1. Cyrus had already shov»'n how severe he could be. Cf. 
 i. 2. 20. A striking general instance of this is given in i. 9. 13. 
 
 8. dXX' . . . eirucrrdorOwo-av, but, however, let them iccll (emphasized by 
 yi) know. — diroScSpdKacriv, diroiret^ev-yao-iv : the first means to escape by 
 stealth, like a runaway slave ; the second, to escape by rapid flight, so as not 
 to be caught. The clauses that follow make this distinction clear. — 8-irTi 
 ol'xovTai, in what direction (G. 87, 2) they are gone (G. 200, x. 3). — TpLT|- 
 peis, -rXotcv. cf. note on i. 3. 17. — wcrre IXctv : result (G. 266, 1). — ftd 
 Tovs Geors : note that the oath is neg. (G. 163). — ovS' . . . ovSeis : emphatic 
 neg. (G. 283, 9). — tuxs Av irap-n tis, as long as any one stays by me, gen- 
 eral suppos. in pres. time (G. 233). So eir6i.8av povX-qrai. — avrous : pi. 
 though referring to tIs. Cf. iravTas, i. 1. 5, and note. — KaKcos iroiJi, vud- 
 treat (G. 165, N. l^). — irepf, in respect to, to. — <J)povpovp.€va, guarded, i. e. 
 under the protection of the resident garrison. Though the modifier of both 
 T^Kva and ywvaiKas, <j>poijpoTjfjLeva is neut., since these are looki'd u])on as arti- 
 cles of property. For Tralles, see the map, Lydia, — tovtuv crrepiqo-ovTai : 
 
26 XENOPIION. 
 
 the passive (G. 197, 1) of the const, explained in G. 164, N. 2. — By this 
 i;nlooked-for clemency Cyrus got the good-will of the Greeks (cf. what 
 immediately follows) and lost little ; for though the generals deserted, their 
 troops remained, numbering some 5000 or 6000. 
 
 9. el' TLs . . . dvtlpao-Lv, if {there was) any one {'ivlio) loas even somewhat 
 'discourafjed in rcrjarcl to the exjyedUion. — ttiv apiTtyv, the magnaniriilty. 
 
 Page 15. — p.eTtt raura : mark the asyndeton. — ovra, which ivas 
 (G. 276, 1). — -TrXeGpov : pred. gen. of measure (G. 169, 3) after ovra modi- 
 fying TTOTajxov, th eSpos being an ace. of spec. (G. 160, 1); but below in 
 § 10 TO cSpos is the subj. of •fjv understood, irXeOpov having the same const, 
 that it has here. For still another const., see i. 2. 5. — Trpaewv, tame 
 (G. 70, N. 2). — lvd[AL^ov, elW: cf. t)V in § 6, and the note. For the two 
 aces, after Ivojxi^ov, see G. 166. — d8iK€iv: sc. nvd as subj. — Ilapvo-dTi- 
 8os . . . 8£8o|Ji£vai, belonged to Parysatis (G. 169, 1), having been given her 
 for girdle-money (cf. our "pin-money"). 
 
 10. Adp8aTos : the Dardas. See the map. Cyrus now gets into the 
 valley of the Euphrates, but does not cross this river until eight days later 
 at Thapsacus. — tjo-av : cf. for the number, i. 2. 23, and note. — da^avros : 
 note the tense. Belesys had probably fled on the approach of Cyrus, who 
 in consequence treated the country as that of an enemy. — avrbv €^t'Ko\|/€, 
 cut it off ; ^K-Koirirw means lit. to cut trees out of a wood. — KarcKavo-ev : 
 Kara-Kaito, to burn down (or, as we sometimes say, to burn up); but dva- 
 Kaiw, to kindle {kindle up), with reference to the direction of the flames. 
 
 11. Cyrus now openly declares the real object of the expedition, which 
 must have already been apparent to the Greeks for some time. Cf. i. 3. 20, 
 and i. 4. 5. They had continued on, however, intending at the Euphrates 
 to demand higher pay (§ 12), which Cyrus now agrees (§13) to give them. 
 — Sti ?(roiTo : note the tense and give the dir. form (G. 243). — els Pa^v- 
 Xcovtt: not at Babylon, but connect with t| 68bs ?o"oito directly. 
 
 12. 'iron]cravT€s €KK\T|o-iav : cf. o-vvTi"ya*Y€V eKKXr^criav in i. 3. 2. — exaXe- 
 iraivov : a denom. verb in atvo) (G. 130, 7) from x°'^^~os. This anger of 
 the soldiers was, doubtless, more or less feigned, to force from Cyrus the 
 greater pay. — orTpaTT]"yois : case (G. 184, 2). — avrovs . . . Kp-uTrretv : what 
 they said (speaking of them) was TrdXai ra.vT elSorcs KpvirTovo-t (G. 200, 
 N. 4), though they have known (G. 277, 5) this for a long time, they have 
 been keeping it secret (G. 246) ; or, if they addressed them directly, which is 
 more spirited, irdXai ravr' el8oT€s Kpinrnn. Eng. der. from KpvTTTO) ? — 
 ojK ^4)ao-av U'vai : cf. the same phrase i. 3. 1, and note. — tIs : Cyrus, of 
 course. — xpT|(iaTa : it was not an increase of their regular pay (p,io-06s) 
 that they demanded, b\;t a bounty. — wtnrep : sc. ^8a)K6, as he had given it. — 
 irpoT^pois : pred. to dvapd<rt (G. 138, 7) ; the vei'bal form would be ot dv^- 
 p-qcrav irporepoi. Cf. irporepa, i. 2. 25. The reference is to tlie 300 Greeks 
 who accompanied Cyrus to Babylon at the time of his father's death. — Kai 
 TttvTa, and that too, sc. liroLTjcre. — Iovtwv : sc. cKeivwv, referring to the oi 
 dvaPdvTcs. The part. Iovtwv is concessive (G. 277, 5), but KaXovvros cau- 
 sal (G. 277, 2) ; the latter is opposed to lirl (xaxiiv, not to Iovtwv. 
 
 > 
 
ANABASIS 1, IV. 27 
 
 13. vTT-cjTxeTo 8cGo-€iv : he might have used 8o\)vai or SiSovai (G. 203, 
 N. 2). — irevTC nvds : about .$90.00. The (ivd of lOO draeliiiias \\a.s -^^j of a 
 tak'ut ; the hitter was a weight of silver which at the present Any would 1>e 
 worth about $1080. — dp-yupiou : genitive of material ((1. 1G7, 4). — €7n',v 
 •IJkwo-l : cond. rel. clause (G. 232, 3). So ixe'xpi B.v KaTao-TT|crr, (G. 239, 2). 
 — Tov p.i<r9>v: a daric and a half a month (i. 3. 21). — tvTeXfj : jiredicate 
 adj. The der. of €V-t€Xt|s '! — to ttoXv, the greater jiart (G. 142, 2, N. 3 h). — 
 irpiv elvai, before it was (G. 274). This const, occurs again in § 14 (in 
 exactly the words used here) and in § 16. — iroTtpov . . . i^ : doubl.^ indir. 
 que.st. (G. 282, 5). — ov : accented at the end of the sentence (G. 29, N. 1), 
 The meaning of the word proclitic ? — t«v dtXXwv : case (G. 182, 2). — Give 
 the dir. form of all the quoted sentences in this and the preceding section. 
 
 Page 16. — 14. ireio-GfiTc : the aor. mid. of this verb is not used, but 
 the aor. pass, has the sense of the mid., obey. — oiSre . . . -rrcvTio-avTcs, with- 
 out either toil or danger (G. 277, 2). — twv diXXwv : with crTpaTiwTuJy, the 
 rest of tlce soldiers (G. 142, 2, n. 3). The gen. is in a sort of double const., 
 first with irXe'ov (G. 175, 1), and then with irpo-TiaTitreo-ee (G. 177). Ti)e 
 object is to emphasize the great advantage over the rest to be gained by 
 following his advice. 7rpoTi|xr^o-€o-96 is a mid. with pass, force. — tcvs"EX- 
 X-qvas : subj. of '^irco-Oai, Avhich in turn is the obj. of Sctrai. 
 
 15. \};r|<+>Lo-a;vTai, to vote, properly by depositing the white or black 
 pebble (v}/f(<{>os) in the urn, but in fact of much broader application : 
 ^fj<|>os, a icorn stone, j)ebble, from i}/dci>, to rub. — v\i.ii<s . . . hia^aCvuv, you, 
 (emphatic) will have credit of being the cause of it, since you wax tlie first 
 to cross (G. 262, 2 ; 171, 1). — vjjliv". . . diroStoo-ei. : Xo.p^v otSa (fut. cl'oro- 
 fict) is the Lat. gratiam habeo, \o.^\-v diroSLSwixi is gratiam refero. 
 Transl. Cyrus will feel his obligation to you and meet it. — eirio-TaTai : sc. 
 Xdpiv diro8L8ovai. — el' tls Kal dXXos : cf. the clause at the end of i. 3. 15. — 
 diTO-i}/Ti(|)icrwvTau, vote "JVo." — T0<5p.iraXiv, i. e. to ^ji-raXiv (G. 11). — a>s . . . 
 irciSojj.e'voig (G. 277, N. 2) because {as he ivill feel) you alone carried out his 
 wUhcs. — irio-TOTaTois \pr\a-iTa\.^ vnll treat you as most trustworthy : see 
 note on twv irio-Toiv, i. 5. 15. — \o\o,yic.<i : from Xox-a^os, as (rrparT^-yLa 
 from (rTpaT-T]-yds. — dXXov . . . Se'-qo-Ge (G. 232, 3), vihatever else you may 
 toant: &\kov (for dXXo) agrees with cutivos by inverted assimilation 
 (G. 153, X. 4); it may, however, be explained as a genitive after T€v^e<r0€ 
 (G. 171, 1), although Tu-yxo-vw generally takes the accus. when a gen. of 
 the source is added (G. 176, 1), as Kvpov here. 
 
 16. €Tr€i0ovTo, 8i£pr,o-av: note the diff. in tense. — SiaPep-r^KoTes, tliat 
 they had crossed (G. 280). — i\a-Qr] : see i. 2. 18. — PXoig, Glus, son of the 
 admiral Tamos, ii. 1, 3. — 'E-yw |i€v . . . p.eXrjo-€i : note the frequent expns- 
 sion of the pers. pron. in this section to emphasize the contrast. — 8ira>s 
 67ratvco-€T£ : this obj. clause (G. 217) is in fact here a gen. (G. 171, 2, N. 2). 
 
 17. €VTuxf]0-ai : from iv-rv^riS, fortunate (G. 130, 2). — eXe'-yero Trcp.\{/aL, 
 he was said to have sent, personal construction. — fifyaXoirpc-n-cis, with great 
 liberality, from fJLe-YaXo-Trpe-mjs (G. 74, 1 ; 131, 1). — to dXXo (tt. cTcvjxa 
 CLirav -. the order of crossing was : Menon's force, Cyrus and the barbarians. 
 
28 XENoriiON. 
 
 and then the rest of the Greek army. — dvwTcpo) : the comp. of the adverb^ii 
 dvw(G. 75, N.l). — T-av jiao-Toiv : piaorTds is om of the breasts, o-repvov (i. 8. ; 
 26) the breast, chest. \ 
 
 18. ol c^ . . . irXoiots : what the inhabitants of Thapsacus said, supply- i 
 ing the ellipses necessary to the const., Avas oyirwiroG' (oTj-TTw-iroTe) o'Stcs 6 
 iroTaixbs StaParbs (oiapatvw, G. 117, 3) €"ye'v€TO Trg^fj d jxt) vvv {excejit now, ; 
 emphasizing oiuircoiroTe), dXXd (SiaParbs e7€V€To) ttXoiois (G. 188, 1). Note i 
 the chancre of vvv to totc in passing from dir. to indir. disc. In the same ! 
 way the person of the quoted verbs is often changed. — d totc . . . 8i.aj5.5 : ; 
 a statement added by the historian. — KareKavo-ev : plup. in force. — Ivo. 
 
 . . . Siapf] : note the mood (G. 216, 2). — cSokci 8^ . . . patriXeuVovTi, it ap-. 
 2)cared accordinrjhj that it (i. e. the lowness of the river) was a divine inter- 
 vention (G. 139, 1), and that the river had plainly retired before Cyrus, \ 
 because {he icas) about to be king. The sentiment rather of the truculent: 
 Thapsaceni than of the historian. ' 
 
 19. eirtcriTLa-avTo : because they were about to cross the desert of Arabia, i 
 See the map. ; 
 
 CHAPTER V. i 
 
 Synopsis: Tlie march is continued through the desert of Arabia along the' 
 northern bank of the Euphrates (1). The liorsenien hunt the wild animals in: 
 Avhich the plain abounds (2, 3). The deserted city Corsote on the I'iver Masicas- 
 is reached (4). Tlience Cyrus marches thirteen days through the desert, and: 
 many of the beasts of burden perish from hunger (5). Grain failing, the sol-j 
 diers live upon flesh (6). Ouce during this time the wagons are stiick in the! 
 mud, and the Persian nobles assist the barbarians in getting them out (7, 8).: 
 Cju'us marches v/ith the greatest speed possible, hoping to find the King unpre-! 
 pared (9). The soldiers cross the Euphrates, on rafts made of skins, to Char-j 
 mande, where they purchase food and wine (10). Here a dispute arises betweeni 
 the troops of Clearchus and Menon, and Clearchus narrowly escapes being killedl 
 (11-1-1). Cj'rus conies up and succeeds in quelling the disturbance (15-17). 
 
 Page ly. — 1. T7]s 'ApciPias: occupied by roving tribes of Arabs,; 
 called by Strabo "Apa^es SKTjViTai (from o-ktjvt]). See map. — ^X**^> with', 
 (G. 277, 6). — lp"»]}xoys, desert. Eng. der. ? — totto), region. — ■fjv [xev . . * 
 6«lXaTTa, the ground /cas wholly a level plain, just like the sea : dTrav to be' 
 construed with ireStov, where we should expect rather dirao-a modifvinc 
 •yi]. Cf. iv. 4. 1. — dvi/iv0tov : cf. Tristia par vaonos horrent absinthia 
 campos. Ovid. Pont., iii. 1. 23. — diravra : plur. , though the preceding r 
 is sing., if there ivas anything else, etc., they were all, etc. Cf. Scrrts • • 
 irdvxas, i. 1. 5. — Sc'vSpov , . . Ivfjv, but there was no tree (empliatic) in it- 
 
 2. TrXettTTOi, very many. — ovoi d-yP'-o'- • Crosby cites Job xxxix. 5-8,i 
 — o-Tpo-«j9ot : the orpovGos was properl)^ a small bird of the sparrow kind 
 but 6 [Jus'-yas crrpovSos, tite ostrich. (Note the der. of the Eng. word ostrich. 
 TJ crrpovBos also (fern.) was used without ixe-ydXt] in the same sense. Cf 
 § 3, below. — €ir€i Siwkoi, '^o-rao-av (G. 124, 1) : for the opt. see G. 233 
 
ANABASIS 1, V. 29 
 
 So lird irXiio-id^ouv, Itroiovv. — ravTov : for to airo (G. 70, 2, X,, end). 
 
 Ka\ouK . . . 8La5€XoF''^voi, and it tvtts impossible to capture than, unless tlie 
 
 \ horsemen, takinrj their places at intervals, hunted (G. 225) thevi in succcs- 
 
 \ sion (8ia8€xopt€voi, sc. aWT^Xo-.s). — eXacjxLois : sc. Kpt'ao-i. 
 
 I 3. iroXu ^dp . . . \p(a[iivr], for it tvithdrcw to a great distance in its ^flight, 
 
 ' iLsing its feet in running (manner, G. 188, l),«?icZ its ivings (bij) raising 
 
 I tltcm like a sail. — &v (i. e. edv) dvio-TT], '4<m (G. 28, N. 1, end): general 
 
 supposition in present time (G. 225), — f,v resumes the narrative style. 
 
 4. irXeGptaiov : we might have had irXe'Spou (cf. i. 2. 23). — cpi'jiT] : not 
 
 \ uninJuibited as opposed to olKovjxe'vq (i. 2. G), but abandwted. — 6vo\ia 8' 
 
 avTTJ (sc. ia-rC) has Kopo-coTT] as prcd. nom., as if it were 6vcp.u^€Tai 8^ 
 
 (Ivriig.). For a different const, used to express the same thouglit, cf. i. i. 
 
 11. — irepieppeiTO : the pass, of a verb made trans, (the simple ptw, to Jlou\ 
 
 is intrans.) by the prep, in comp., as in Eng., was flowed about. — kukXw : 
 
 manner (G. 188, 1). — lirecriTio-avTo : Corsote thus appears to have been a 
 
 dejiot of supplies in the midst of the desert. 
 
 6. rivXas, i. e. rds BaPvXcovias, the j^ciss into Babj/hnia, on the north of 
 the Euphrates. See map. — vtto Xljxov, /rom ]iuvgrr{G. 191, VI. 7, 1 c). — 
 
 , dXXo, besides. — ovSl ovhiv (G. 283, 9). — 6votjs dXsVas, inill-stones. From 
 jthe ass, as a beast of burden, the term ovos came to have various derived 
 I meanings, as windlass in Her. vii. 36 (ovcio-i IvXivoicri), and here the upper 
 \mill-stone : dXeVas is a noun used adj., lit. grinders. — irapd rhv iroTa|xdv: 
 [why the ace? 
 
 1 Page 18. — 6. AvSig, : Cyrus the Great, after subduing the Lydians, 
 •iforbade them, at the suggestion of Croesus himself (Her. i. 155), the use 
 (of aims, and required them to teach their sons the arts of music and selling 
 jat retail. So they became a race of hucksters. — Kal irpiao-0ai . . . a-CyXuv : 
 •expressed in full this would be Kal irpiatrGat (jov (titov) oijk -^jv, d \ii\ . . . 
 iPap^apiKw (7rpia<r8ai ^v) Ti\v KairCQr^v, k. t. X. — dXtvpwv : gen. of mate- 
 [rial (G. 167, 4). — TexTuptuv a-CyXcav. gen. of price (G. 178). — 8vvaTai, is 
 \woiih, transitive. The sigJus was worth in our money about 22^ cts. — 
 i'Attikovs : in agreement with oPoXovs, though modifying also TjfjLiwpdXiov. 
 I — cx^pei, held, lit. had room (xwpav) for. The choenix was about a (juart, 
 |and tliis amount of meal or flour cost about 45 cents in the desert, or more 
 ithan fifty times as much as it cost at Athens about this time. (See 
 jBoeckh's Public Econ. of the Athen., Bl<. I. § 15.) — Kpe'a . . . 8i€7lyvovto, 
 the soldiers siibsisted therefore by eating (or simply on) flesh. 
 
 7. •?]v . . oiis, some of these marches, ^\v oxis being a past form of the 
 iconnnon 'ia-nv ot (G. 152, N. 2). In such irregular phrases the verb keeps 
 |a fixed form, without regard to the unexpressed subject. — ovs : cogn. ace. 
 !(G. 159) to "iiXavvcv. — p.aKpovs : ^jrecZ. adj. (G. 138, Rem.). — oirore Pov- 
 iXoiTo : cf. Iirel 8iwkoi in § 2, and note. — Kal 81] : adding a special fact, 
 
 t lawcJ once in particular. — rats djxd^ais 8vo-'rrop€UTov, hard{G. 131, 4 b)for 
 I ^Ae wagons (G. 184, 3) to get through. — o-Tparov : part. gen. with a verb 
 [(G. 170, 1). — oruv-€K-Pipd^€Lv, to aid in getting out. So two lines below 
 ■ '<rvv€-Trio-Tr€Co-ai, to aid. (o-vv) in hurrying on. 
 
30 XENOPHON. ^ I 
 
 8. wo-irep op^fj, jmf as if (sc. KcXevcov as protasis, G. 277, n. 3) in ange^ 
 (man;ier, G. 188, 1). — ©edo-ao-Gai : prop, to look upon ('.vith interest d 
 Avonder), while ISctv is to see in general. — iropcfjvpoOs : from 'irop(})vpa, th 
 2)i(rp'e fish, murex (cf. G, 129, 11). — I'evro, se/)t themselves, rushed. 
 wo-TTfip . . . viKTjS, just as oiie would run (i. e. iu a foot-race at the publj 
 games) to get the victory, -n-epl viK-qs implies the prot. (G. 226, 1), if I 
 should he running for (irepi, about, concerning, expressing the a,irn) victor^ 
 
 — ual . . . ■yT^XoejJOi', even (modifying the entire phrase that follows) daw 
 a very (udXa) steep hill. — ^xovtcS . . . dva|vp{8as, having on both the costl 
 tunics and colored trousers ichich they are in the habit of wearing : toijtoi 
 marks the dress as one generally known. — ^vioi : see note on rjv oils 
 § 7, and G. 152, n. 2. — el(r-'irr',8r,<rav els: cf. iK-PaXeiv Ik, i. 2. 1, an 
 note. — GdTTOV ^1 . = . w^TO, more quickly than (omit a>s, as, in Eng.) or 
 uiould have thought {it possible, if he had not seen it). For Av wero (s{ 
 oljiai) seeG. 226, 2 h. — fierecipovs sleKOjiio-av, i. e. lifted and carried out. 
 
 9. TO crvii-jrav, u^mn the whole, in general (G. 160, 2). — SfjXos . . . o-iro 
 8ft)V, Cyrus himself (as) showed that he was making haste (G. 280, n. 1 an 
 N. 4). — 68bv : ace. of extent of space (G. 161). — dva-yKaiov : from dvd^K 
 (G. 129, 12). — 5o-cp . . , Too-ovTfa), quanto . . . tanto, tlie . . . the (G. 181 
 2). — 5cra) . . . |j,axeicr9GL : tlie thought of Cyrus was, in the dir. form, 8o( 
 dv GdTTOV 'i\Q<j), TOJTOVTW . . . fiaxo5}Mti (G. 247). — dirapao-KfvoTe'po 
 pred. adj. — o-xoXc.ircpov : comparative adv. (G. 75) formed as if froi 
 o-xoXfj rather than o-xoXatos. See the lexicon. — o-uvaYeipto-Gai : in tl' 
 dir, form, 8o"a) dv o-xoXo-iT^pov ?X0uj, too-ovto) irXt'ov wva.^dpiroii Pao-iX; j 
 (rTpdT€t!p.a, the greater {will be tlie) army {that) is noiv collecting for t.^ \ 
 King, v/liere cruva-yeipeTai expresses an action in progress, but implies tl' i 
 future size of the army which is now collecting, and would, therefore, be' .i 
 natural apod, to oa-to dv ^XGt; (G. 232, 3 ; cf. 223). — Kal or-uviSeiv . . . o' 
 <ra, but, further (Kai), the attentive observer could see at a glance (o-uv-iSets ii 
 that the King's ernjnre was strong in its extent of territory and number <! i 
 inhabitants, etc. (njviSetv is first introduced as subj. of •?]V, it was possiV 
 to see, and the natural constr. would have been t^v dp^-i^v lo-x^pdv ovio-a. 
 But after tov vovv the writer's point of view changes, and the rest of t'l 
 sentence is constructed (by anacoluthoii) as if for o-vviSetv ■^jv the near; 
 equivalent S-qXr] -^jv had been used (G. 280, k. 1). — -irpoo-e'xeiv tov voi 
 animum advertere or animadvertere. — ttX-t^Gci, both extent and numk 
 takes the two gen. by zeugma (|c{iYp.a, joining). — 8i€o-7rdo-9ai : perf. • 
 8td Tttx^wv, ivith speed, lit. through quick {measures). — el . . . Ittoicito, i. 
 
 in case of a vigorous attack. 
 
 Pagc^ 19. — 10. irepav toO iroTaixov, across the river (G. 182, 2), i. e. > 
 its southern bank. — KaTa, over against, opposite. — Ip-qixous oTaGp-ous : "^ 
 § 1 and § 5, above. — ovofia 8s XappavSr] : see note on § 4, above. — i 
 t}>0ipas: Eng. der. ?— o-K€77dor;i,c,Ta, as coverings (G. 137, N. 4). — 8i4>0«'po 
 XopTou : double obj. (G. 172, 2). — o-vvio-Trojv : see crv-cnrdto (G. 16, 5, N. •- 
 
 — ws p.^ diTTgo-Gat : result (G. 266, n. 1). — est, diri : the one out of, t 
 other off of (G. 191, I. 2 and 3). — tovto . . . itXclo-tov, /or this {thing) i'' 
 very abundant in the country, tovto neuter, though referring to p-sXivrs. 
 
ANABASIS 1, V. 31 
 
 ) 
 
 11. a|i4)iX€|dvTa)v Ti, Jiaviiifj had some diftputc. — dSiKciv . . . M^vtovos 
 that Mciwiis auldicr (probabl}' one of two who began the (luarrcl) vas in 
 the icrong (G. 260, 2). Note the pert', force of dSiKeiv, to be dSiKos, to have 
 done vjroiuj {Moods and Tenses, § 10, 1, n. 4). — evc'PaXev : i)iobably on the 
 spot, with his own staff, after the Spartan fashion. Cf. ii. 3. 11. — kyjaXi- 
 -rraivov . . . KXeapx", took it hard (xaXe-rrds), and ivere exceedingly angry at 
 Clearchus (G. 184, 2). 
 
 12. Tip.€'pa: dat. of time (G. 189). — 8tdpao-iv: a crossing, first the act 
 (see G. 129, 3) and then, as here, the place. — ti'|V d^opdv, the marketing 
 (see § 10). — <ri)v . . . avrov, with few (G. 138, Rem.) about him, lit. with 
 those about him (being) few. — Trpo<r-'r]Xavv€, 8i-eXauvovTa (G. 280) : note 
 the force of the prepositions in conip. — irjo-t rfj d^tVT], hurls his axe at 
 
 thim, lit. sends {at him, sc. avrov, G. 171, 1) with his axe (G. 188, 1). — 
 iavTo{)(G. 171, 1). — Xi0fa): sc. Vtio-i. 
 
 13. KaTa4)evY€L : diff. in meaning from d'7ro-<|>eaj-yw, i. 4. 8? — avrov, 
 there, i. e. where they were. — rets d<nri8as . . . ©evras : the left knee was 
 slightly advanced, the shield set firmly in rest upon it, and the spear held 
 ill readiness for defence. Clearchus saw that he might be repulsed and 
 obliged to fall back upon his heavy-armed troops. — tovs iinrtas : not 
 mentioned in i. 2. 9. — ot -fjcrav avrai = oiis ctx^v. — ol ttXcio-toi : sc. fjo-av. 
 
 — eKTreirXfixGai, ivere thoroughly frightened (G. 202, 2, n. 2; 26(3, 1). — ol 
 \hifbut others, as if tovs (Jiev stood with Tpe'xetv. — ^o-rao-av, stood {still). 
 
 See G. 124, 1. — TtG irpaYnaTi : cause (G. 188, 1). 
 
 14. 'irvyji . . . irpoo-utov, hapjjcned to be coming on later (G. 279, 4). — ■ 
 avTw (G. 186). — €7rop.€'vT| : in the same construction as Trpoo-iwv. ^rvxe . . . 
 ottXitwv is parenthetic, and oiv resumes the narration. — tls to jic'o-ov, 
 
 ''tween. — 6.y(av : sc. ttjv rd^iv. 
 
 Page 20. — ^0€TO Ta 6irXa, halted under arms. TiSeo-Oai rd SirXa lit- 
 I rally means to ground arms, i. e. to stand with the spear and shield resting 
 on the ground. But it sometimes means to take up any military jwsition 
 or simply to apjjcar tinder arms (properly in military line), where the oi-igi- 
 nal meaning disappears. In § 17, below, Kara x^po-v ^0€Vto Ta SirXa means 
 tlicy moved back to their former places, i. e. to their quarters, where they had 
 been before the quarrel. It is probable that TiGco-Gai Ta iJirXa never means 
 to stack or p)ile arms. — avToi) . . . KaTaXevo-Grivat, tchen he (i. e. Clearchus) 
 had barely esccqyed, lit. had wanted little (G. 172, 1) of, being stoned to death. 
 
 — X^7oi: optative in a causal sentence (G. 250, N.). — avTov refers to Cle- 
 archus ; but the preceding use of avTov is strange, and Kriiger proposes to 
 omit it. Others have avTov here. — €k tov |xeo-ov, out from between (tJiem). 
 
 15. €V TovTw, during this time (sc. tw yjpovfo), meanwhile. — Kal Kvpos, 
 Cyrus also. — twv irwrTwv : part. gen. (G. 168). The trusty counsellors or 
 attendants of a Persian prince were called oi iricrrot. In the Persians of 
 Aeschylus, the twelve elders who form the chorus say of themselves (vs. 1) 
 TuSe . . . IIio-Td KaXeiTai (for KaXov|ie0a IltcrTot)- 
 
 16. IIpd|€V€: Proxenus now seemed more prominent than Menon. — 
 KaTaK€Kc\|/eo-0ai, sliall be instantly cut to pieces (G. 200, N. 9). — KaKws . . . 
 
32 XENOPHON. 
 
 €X0VT«v = Idv TO, TjfieTspa KttKws ^XTl (Gr- 226, 1). — tcUv irapd pao-iXet 6v- j 
 Twv, i. e. i\ ol irapd Pao-iX,£i ovres- j 
 
 17. ev eavTw kyivtro, came to himself, recovered his senses, Lat. ad sei 
 rediit. — Trav<rdp.£vot : sc. Tfjs p-dx^is. — Kara x^P^tv ^0€vto rd oirXa : see 
 
 note on § 14, above. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Synopsis : As the army advances, traces of the King's cavalry are observed. 
 Orontas, a Persian nobleman, turns traitor to Cyrus and offers to go forward 
 with a tlionsand horse and cut off the cavalry that is laying the country waste' 
 by lire, and to this Cyrus consents (1, 2). Orontas then writes to the King, 
 saying that he sludl desert to him with his commcind ; but liis messenger be- , 
 trays him and carries the letter to Cyrus, who arrests the traitor and summons ; 
 seven Persian noblemen and Clearchus to his tent to try him (3, 4). Clearchiis 
 afterwards relates how the trial was conducted (5). Cyras, he says, stated liow. 
 Orontas had on two previous occasions proved false to him, but had been again ' 
 received into favor, and then asked the prisoner if he had since received any. 
 injury from him. Orontas acknowledged that Cyrus had never been unjust to 
 him, and that he had no reason to expect further mercy (G-S). Cyrus then; 
 referred the case to those present, and Clearchus advised that tlie culprit shoidd 
 be put to death, in which opinion the others concurred. Orontas is led away to 
 the tent of Artapates, and is never seen again (9-11). 
 
 1. 'EvTcvOcv : from opposite Charmande. See map. — irpol'dvxwv (sc. av- 
 T(3v), as they advanced, but two lines below, Trpoiovres, keeping ahead (of 
 the army). — l<|)aiv«To, there ajjpeared continuously (G. 135, 2, and n. 1). 
 
 — a>S . . . I'lnrwv, of about 2000 horse (G. 169, 1). — ovtoi : to be referred; 
 to the iTrireis implied in Virirwv. — i'i ti dWo, i. e. whatever else (cf. i. 5. 1). ' 
 
 — yivii : dat. of respect (G. 188, 1, n. 1). But for PacriXei, see G. 184, 2 
 
 — rd TToXt'iJiia Xc'yop.evos, reckoned, in matters pertaining to tvar (G. 160, 1). f 
 ■ — Ilepo-wv : part. gen. (G. 168). — Kal irpotrSev, i^fcviously also. — iroXcfxij 
 eras, KaTaXXa7€ls U (G. 277, 6). 
 
 2. el avTw 8oit], k. t. X.: Orontas said, el lp.ol So^t)?, ^ KaTaKavoijxi (see 
 Kara-Kaivw) &v i] ?Xoi|xi,, k. t. X. (G. 245). — 8ti : in unusual pos. ; we 
 should expect rather 8ti el aiiTw, k. t. X. — &v : to be taken also with each j{ 
 of the following opts. (G. 212, 4). — tov Kaeiv emovras, from attacking 
 (emovras modifying the siibj. of Kty.&.v) and hurnioig (G. 26-3, 1). — ironj- 
 o-eiev . . . 8vva<r9ai, loould cause that they should never he able, etc. wore 
 would generally be omitted in this construction. — ravra: subj. of ISoKei. 
 
 3. -fjloi, 8vvT]Tai : change of mood in part (G. 247, n. 1). — ws dv Suvt]- 
 rai irXeto-Tovs (G. 232, 3) might have been simply a>s TrXeCcrrovs. See note 
 on i. 1. 6. — vTro-Se'x^crGai : for the force of viro in comp., cf. viro-XapwVi 
 i- 1- 7. — ev-fjv kv: cf. i. 2. 1, and 1. 5. 8. 
 
 Page 21. — TT]s irpdo-Gev : cf. i. 3. 19, and i. 4. 8. — 6 8e', but he (G. 143, 
 1, N. 2). 
 
 4. eTTTtt, seven of them, added to restrict tovs dpia-rovs. — 0€<r9a(, rdi 
 iSirXo, to stand under arms. Cf. 'iQero rd {JtrXa in i. 5. 14, and note. — 
 
ANABASIS 1, VI. 33 
 
 rpio-xiXfovs : the great number of men detailed (one quarter of the entire 
 Greek force) would seem to show apprehension on the i)art of Cyrus. 
 Orontas was a man of influence, and doubtless had many friends anion;; tlie 
 barbarians. It should be noticed, however, that some of the seven Persians 
 summoned to judge Orontas were his relatives (cf. oL <rvyyivils in § 10). 
 
 5. Kttl atiTw Kttl Tois dWots, not only to him (i. e. Cyrus) but also to the 
 rest (i. e. of the Persians) ; that is, it was generally known that Clearchus 
 was the most prominent man among the Greeks. — twv 'EXXtjvwv : ]):u-t. 
 gen. with p-aXwrra (G. 168), the thought being strengthened by irpo in 
 irpoTiiiT^O^vai, ivas honored befm^e {the rest). — t-^iv Kpio-iv ws l-ye'vero : for 
 ttS r\ Kpio-Ls e"ye'v£To, how t/ie trial was conducted. Cf. note on raiv Pappd- 
 p«v in i. 1. 5. — Kpicris (see G. 129, 3). — ov ydp diropp-j^Tcv fjv, i. e. cos 
 ^ Kpt<rts e"Yt"V€To. — tov Xo-yov, the conference (G. 171, 1). 
 
 6. (Tvv vji.LV povXevdjitvos, taking counsel icith you. — 8 ti . . . dvBpwTrwv, 
 whatever is just, etc., rel. clause, summed np emphat. in tovto. — Trpds, in 
 the sight of (G. 191, VI. 6, 1, a). — irpd^o) : subj., not fut. (G. 216, 2). — 
 TOVTovi : with an emphatic gesture (G. 83, N. 2). — €(jl6s : with the art. 
 (G. 147). — dvox: purpose (G. 26.5). — €|xoi : witli {ittt^koov (G. 18.5). — «s 
 i^r\ avTos, as he hiinself said (G. 145, 1). In such cases avrds is always 
 ailj. (= ipse), never substantive ; although in English we can often render 
 it (as here) by an emphatic he. Cyrus discredits the statement. Cyrus, 
 probably, in his capacity of military commander (Kapavos) of Westein Asia 
 Minor had put Orontas in charge of Sardis. "When, therefore, Artaxerxes 
 became King and Orontas renounced the authority of Cyrus, it was an easy 
 matter for him to take forcible and absolute possession of the city. — 
 Kttl e-yct) ciroiTjO-a, and I brought it about, dependent on eml, above. The 
 principal clause begins at ficrd ravra in § 7. — avrdv : not the obj. of 
 irpo(nroX€(iwv, which takes the dat. Cyrus began to say, c-yw avrbv {him, 
 emphat.) irpocnroXencov (manner) l7roiTj<ra tov irpbs cfJie TroXep-ov iravtracrOai 
 (avTov being subj. of -rravo-ao-Gai), but changed the constr. to an (ta-tco- 
 luOwn by inserting {Hxm Sd^ai tovtw (on which see note on § 2). — Se^idv 
 . . . ^8(rtKa : among the Persians a pledge of especial solemnity. 
 
 7. (JL€Td Taura, since that, i. e. the pledge given and received. Kotice 
 i the abrupt change of address from the council to Orontas. — ^o-riv . . . 
 ; ^Sijci^o-a, is (G. 28, x. 1, end) there any wrong which I have done you? — 
 
 oO^G. 29,N. 1): sc. ^o-ti (or €\!t]) ; or we may consider o{5 as a dii-ect quotation, 
 *'A'o"(G. 241, 2, n.), like ov8' . . . 8d|ai[ii, below, in § 8. — ripwra, went on 
 asking, but the aor. T|p«TT]cr€v in § 8 with reference to the single question, 
 asked. ■- OvKovv : expecting an affirm, answer (G. 282, 2). The diflf. be- 
 tween this word and oiJKovv ? See the lexicon. — ovZtv d8iKov[X£vos (G. 277, 
 5): see note on ti d8iKrj0€is in § 8. For dSiKovpicvos see the note on d8t- 
 K€iv, i. 5. 11. — KttKfcis eiroteisiG. 165, N. 1). — 5 ti 18-uvw, in irhat (G. 160, 1) 
 you were able. — ^4>-n, said " Yes." — 'dyvus, came to knoio, had ascertained, 
 gaw. — fierafiAciv o-oi : in the dir. form, (leTafieXei |xot (G. 184, 2, N. 1). — 
 Ofio-Xo-yeo) : der. ? 
 
 8. d8iKT]0££s (G. 277, 2), though pass., has rC as cogn. accus. (G. 159; 
 
34 XENOPHON. 
 
 197, 1, N. 2). So, below, ovS^v dSLK-riQeCs, and ov8^v ctSiKovjxevos in § 7. — 
 IttiPovXcvwv (G. 280, N. 1) : cf. 8t)Xos ^jv dviw|i€vos in i. 2. 11. 
 
 Page 22. — ovSev dSiKiriOcis: either a direct quotation, or an indirect ! 
 quotation with eiriPovXeTJwv . . . yiyovi understood. — ircpl Ijxe : cf. xtpl 
 Tj|xas, irepl €K€ivovs in i. 4. 8. — yi-^ivf\<rQai (G. 246). — 'H -ydp, (I confess) 
 for in truth, etc. — dv ^e'voio (G. 226, 2 b). — dSeXcjxo (G. 186). — «ti 
 (G. 241, 2, N.). 
 
 9. irpbs ravra, in vieiv of this, thereujjon. — irpwros, the first : what 
 would irpwTOV mean ? — d'7rd(|>Tivai : voice ? Distinguish from d'n'0£}>fjvai and 
 d'iro<f>ijvai. — '6 ri <roi 8ok€i : indir, quest, depending on the idea of declare , 
 in d'ird4>Tivai 'yv^p.'qv. — toijtov: expressed three times, contemptuously. — 
 lKTro8<3v iroicLo-Qai, to jnot out of the tvay. — a>s 8€'t), vi : final (G. 216). — ; 
 TjfJLiv, i. e. to you and me, said arrogantly. Why dat.? — to Kara toOtov ' 
 elvai, as far as this felloio is concerned (G. 268, N.). — tovs . . . tovtovs, 
 these (with a gesture) who are your friends of their oion free will, lit. these 
 your volunteer friends (eGeXovrds, noun, not eOeXovras). — ev iroieiv : cf. 
 KaKws €Troi€is in § 7. 
 
 10. ?<j>T], i. e. Clearchus, when the trial was over. — ^XaPov . . . *0p6v- , 
 rav, took Orontas by the girdle (G. 171, 1, N.). — lirl Gavdrw, as a sign that \ 
 he was capitally condemned, but, below, Itti 8dvaTOV, with a verb of motion, ; 
 to execution. — Kai, even. — ols irpoo-tTdxQrj, to whom it was appointed, so. ; 
 €|d-yetv. — Trpoo-eKvvovv, irpoo-eKvvTio-av : why a change of tense? irpotr- ; 
 €Kvvea) in application to Orientals means to prostrate ones self. — Kai-rrgp 
 €l8dT€s, although they Tcneiv (G. 277, n. 1 b). — 6701x0 : why opt.? •. 
 
 11. Q-KyyrrrovyjJiv: der. ? Der. of o-KiiirTpov ? — o^Jre ov8£ts : emphatic 
 neg. (G. 283, 9). So ov8e oijScCs, following. — dTrws (lioiv) dire'Oavev : perhaps ' 
 he was buried alive ; see Her. vii. 114, where the historian states that thisi 
 was a Persian custom. — €l8ws, from his own knov)ledge. — dXXoi dXX»s, 
 some in one way, others in another. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 i. 
 
 Synopsis : Cyrus proceeds through Babylonia, and at the end of the third ; 
 day's march reviews his troops (1). He receives information respecting the^ 
 King's army, and assembles his Greek officers for consultation (2). He exhorts' 
 them to display their zeal in his service (3), describes the manner of a Persian 
 onset, and promises to reward them magnificently in case of victory (4). Gau- 
 Iltes says there are doubts as to the sincerity of Cyrus and his ability to fulfil 
 his promises (5), whereupon the latter reviews the extent of country he hopes 
 to conquer and promises a crown to each Greek (6, 7). The Greeks are much' 
 encouraged by these assurances (8). Cyrus expresses a decided opinion that his; 
 brother will not refuse to engage with him (9). The Greeks and barbarians are; 
 numbered (10), and some accomit is given of the King's forces (11-13). Cyrns^ 
 advances a day's march further, and at midday comes to a deep trench dug by 
 the King, beyond which he succeeds in making his way (14-16). Tlie King 
 does not come to an engagement, and traces of his retreat are observed (17) 
 Cyrus rewards the soothsayer Silanus (18), and, concluding that the King i^"*' 
 given up the intention of fighting, proceeds with less caution (19, 20). 
 
ANABASIS 1, VII. 35 
 
 1. *EvT€{)0€v : probably from near Pylae (i. 5. 5). See i. 6. 1, and note. 
 
 |i^a-as vuKTas, midnujhiy pi. -svith refeivnce to the various watclics (4>vXaKaC) 
 into which the night was divided. — €8ok€i, h/i tJwurjht. See lexicon. Sok^cd. 
 
 — €ls . . . 'id, at daybreak (G. 42, 2, N. 1); tls with reference to the time 
 when the daw^n shall have been reached (G. 191, III. 1, h). — p.axov|Xfvov : 
 future (G. 277, 3). — Kc'ptos: form and case ? See G. 56, 2 ; 171, 3. — tov 
 €v&)Vv|iov, i. e. of the Greeks, who were next the river. Cyrus drew up 
 (SieTa^e, disjjosuit) his barbarian force (tovs eavrov) on the left of the en- 
 tire (ireek force. 
 
 2. Ti(Ji.€pa: ease (G. 186). — avTd-|AoXoi : avrds and fioX-, go; cf. ?|jlo\ov, 
 2 aorist of pXcio-Kw. See also G. 131, 1. 
 
 Page 23. — ttws Av . . . iroiotro, how (G. 282, 1) he should make the- 
 firjht, i. e. if there should be one (G. 226, 2&).— TrapTjvci . . . toiuSc, exhorted 
 and encouraged them as follows (G. 148, x. 1). 
 
 3. avGpwircjv : with uTropcov (G. 172, 1), not because in icant of barbarians. 
 He adds dvGpwirwv contpm]>tuously to Pappdpwv, but calls the Greeks dv- 
 8p€s. See note on § 4. — dfieivous Kal KpetTTOvs, braver and mightier (der. 
 from KpcLros). — 8id tovto : takes up vo\iitfav, because I thought, . . . on 
 this account. — Trpojr-e'XaPov : force of the prep.? — 8irws fe'o-co-Qc : sc. (Tko- 
 <ir€iT€ (G. 217, N. 4, ex.). — "^s . . . i'iS, which (G. 153) y<m possess (sec ktcl- 
 o|Jiai) and on account of which (G. 173, 1), etc. — I'cttc : see otSa. — €Xo£|xt]v 
 dv: prot. not expressed (G. 226, 2 b. — dv6' aiv . . . TrdvTwv, in 'preference to 
 all that (G. 154, n.) I have. The Persian government was an absolute 
 despotism, and regarded all in dependence upon the King as his slaves. In 
 i. 9. 29, Cyrus is called the SovXos of Artaxerxes. — -iroXXaTrXacriwv : a 
 Hjultiplicative in irXdo-ios, derived from ttoXtjs. Cf. 8i-Tr>dcrios, ticice (hii) 
 as many, etc. 
 
 4. Sirws . . . €l8fiT€ (see otSa) : not object clause, as above (STrcjs ^o-€o-6€), 
 but final (G. 216, 1). - — els olov . . . d-yoiva, into vjhat sort of a struggle you 
 are going ; indir. quest. (G. 282, 1). Cf. below, otovs Yvwcreo-Se dv6pwTrous. 
 
 — TO irXfjGos : sc. ka-rC. — lirCaa-iv (G. 200, N. 3 b).- — ravra, i. e. their num- 
 bers and outcry. — rclXXa . . . dvGpaJirovs, as to all else, I feel (lit. seem to 
 myself to be) even ashamed {when I think) ichat sort of men (dvOpwTrous with 
 emphasized contempt at the end of the sentence) you ivill find those in our 
 country are (G. 280). — i\^iv is the ethical dat. (G. 184, 3, n. 6). — vfitSv 
 81 . . . ■Yevo|xsvcov, but since you are (G. 277, 2) men (emphatic), and if you 
 shall prove yourselves (= kd.v yivr\u-Qi^ G. 277, 4) of good courage. With 
 dv8p«v and dv0pw7rovs here cf. what Herod, (vii. 210) says of the ]\Iedes at 
 Thermopylae, <)ti iroXXol p,^v dvBpwTroi d(v, oXi-yoi h\ dtvSpts. — vi|jl«v 
 Tov PovX6|i€vov, whoever of you (G. 168) shall loish (G. 276, 2). — tois oHkoi, 
 his friends at home (masc.) ; but, just folloAving, toov o'l'kol (neut.), things at 
 home. TOLS oI'koi is a dative of the agent with the verbal ^-qXwrds ; this is 
 the regular construction witli the verbal in -tc'os (G. 188, 3 and 4). 
 
 5. irio-rbs 8^ Kupw, in the confidence of Cyrus. It was probably at the 
 direction of Cyrus that Gaulites spoke. — Kal p,-?|v : lit. and in truth; free 
 Eng. , hut yet. — 8(.d . . . irpoo-idvTcs, on account of your being (G. 262, 1) 
 
I 
 
 36 XENOPHON. 
 
 at such {a critical point) of the danger that is apijroaching. kivSvvov limits 
 TOiovTO) (G. 168), but irpoo-io'vTOS is still causal (G. 277, 2), the thought j 
 being, yo2i promise, etc., because the danger is appiroaching. — B.v eii yivr\Ta.\. '. 
 Ti : a purposely vague ref. to his present undertaking. — jiefivi^o-co-Oai (tut. 
 perf.), serving as simple future to |JL€|Jiv"ri|JLai (G. 200, N. 6). — '^vioi Be : sc. 
 <})a<r£. — ovZ' d . . . Svvao-eai dv (G. 211), not even if, etc., would you he • 
 able (G. 246; 224). — [lep-vfjo : formed without connecting-vowel (cf. G. 118, 
 1. N.), [jL€|xvT]-i[XT|v, (jL€[j.v^p.T)v, jx€(j,VT]-io, (A6p.vfjo, ctc. The commou forms 
 
 |JL€[JLVU)|Jlir]V, |X€p,VWO, etc. 
 
 6. ia-Ti (G. 28, N. 1, end) irpbs |X€o-r]|j,PpLav, is (extends) towards the 
 south. f||xiv is a dat. of advantage (G. 184, 3). Derivation of |xecr-'r][jL|3pta ? 
 — fXEXpi ov, to the point at v:hich (down to where), neut. relative with prep. 
 (G. 191, I. 5) : in full \i-ixp*- tovtou tov Tdirov Iv to. — to, . . . Trdvra, 
 but all between these {limits) : cf. to fjte'o-ov tcov tclxwv in i. 4. 4. 
 
 7. TovTCDv : with l-yicpareis (G. 180, 1). — fiT^ ovk ^x.** 8 ti 8(3 (indirect 
 question, G. 244), thctt I shall not (G. 215, n. 1) know (lit. shall not have) 
 what to give ; the direct form for 5 ti 8w would be ti Soi ; tvhat shall I give? 
 (G. 256). So OVK i\bi o Ti eiTTw (or ti eiTro)), non habeo quod (or quid) 
 dicam. Here ovk J-'x" ^s nearly equivalent to dTropw, to be at a loss, and tlie 
 indirect question in S ti Soi, etc. is plain. But the analogy of the familiar 
 expression ovk iyj^a 8 ti 8», / have nothing to give (in v.-hich the interroga- 
 tive and relative constructions are sometimes hard to distinguish), gave 
 rise occasionally to the corresponding expression ^x*^ ^ ''''• ^^i ^ have some- 
 thing to give, in Avhich the relative character greatly preponderates ; and 
 here we have (below) ^x** tKavovs ots 8w, / have enough to give to, where the 
 construction is purely relative. See Moods and Tenses, § 65, 1, n. 3(a). — 
 &v eS ■yevT^Tat (sc. to, TrpaYfxaTa). — a-ri^avov : not, of course, as a badge 
 of sovereignty, but as a mark of distinguished military service, like the 
 medals and crosses of to-day. A crown was often bestowed in this way as 
 a reward of merit among the Greeks. 
 
 Page 24. — 8. T]o-av, i. e. the generals and captains. Cf. § 2. — o-<j>i- 
 o-iv : indirect reliexive (G. 144, 2). — IfjuriixirXas ti^v yv<.o|17]v, satisfying the 
 mind. 
 
 9. irapeKcXcvovTo . . . TdTT€o-0ai : had Cyrus followed this advice, the 
 whole course of Persian history might have been changed. — |Jtdx€(r0ai, 
 i.e. in person. — eavTwv: with dirio-Gsv (G. 182, 2). — "ydp : with ref. to 
 an unexpressed statement : (all this advice is unnecessary) or (there is no 
 real danger) for do you think, Cyrus, etc. We should say. What ! do you 
 think, etc. — Nt) Aia (G. 163), Yes, by Zeus {he loill fight), sc. p,ax€tTai. — 
 €[xbs d86X4>os, a brother of mine : 6 €|ji6s dSeXcfxJs would be my brother. — 
 TavTtt : with a gesture. 9|^ 
 
 10. cv TT) e|oTrXLo-La, uvder arms, in procinctu. — €Yev€T0, was found to 
 be. — do-7rls . . . T6TpaKoo-ia, 10,400 shield, just as we say "a thousand 
 horse." — The sum total here given cannot be made to tally with the num-| 
 bers previously given separately ; and it is unsatisfactory to speculate on the 
 causes of the discrepancy. 
 
 k 
 
ANABASIS 1, VII. 37 
 
 11. cxarbv Kal etKOO-i fjtvpidScs : probaLly overstnted. Ctosias, the King's 
 private physician (mentioned in i. 8. 26), gave the number as 400, OUO. — 
 &X\oi, besides. Cf. i. 5. 5. — aS, moreover. 
 
 12. Toii : with orTpaT€vi}xaTos. — dpxovTcs . . . T|Ye|i6vcs : notice Ka£ he- 
 fore both the last two titles, while the pr<;per names below have no conjunc- 
 tion. These are both common forms in (Jreek, while in English we g<'nf ■rail}'- 
 use and only before the last noun in such a series. — H-'^XIs: J'ft*-!" v(nip-f\a-i 
 (der. from vcrrepos) implying comparison (G. 175, 2). — T|p,€'pais (G. 188, 2). 
 
 13. 01 . . . Pao-iXt'ws, those ivho had deserted from the ranks o/(lit. out of) 
 the enemy from {flic side of) the great Kiwj, etc. tcSv iroXciJLLwv, at the end 
 of the section, depends on ol' (G. 168). The number of prepositional jdirases 
 in this short section is worthy of note. — Tavrd : distinguish carefully from 
 Tavra above. 
 
 14. <rwT£Ta"y|j.e'v({> tw o-TpaTevjiaTi : the nonn is a dat. of accompaniment 
 (G. 188, 5), and the part, expresses the attendant circumstance (G. 277, 6). 
 This force of the part, will be easily seen, if the idea of accompaniment is 
 dropped and the gen. abs. is substituted, crvvrera.y^i.ivov rov o-TpaTtv[jiaTos. 
 
 Page 25. — p,€'o-ov (G. 142, 4, >:. 4). — Td<})pos: the word in itself sig- 
 nifies an artificial ditch (cf. GdirTw, Td4)os), but this idea is emphasized by 
 6pvKTT|. — opvvuai : in ajtposition to Td<j>pos, where Ave should exi)ect rather 
 op-ymwv (G. 167, 5). Cf. iroSwv at the end of § 15. The 6p-yi;id, the length 
 of the outstretched arms (opc-yto, to stretch out), measured about a fathom 
 (6 feet) and was eqiral to four •rri^x.^is. 
 
 15. irapeTc-TaTo (G. 109, 6 and 4). — kiri, iqwn, over, to the length of. 
 — Tov Td\ov<i : see note on ii. 4. 12. The ditch was dug northward, 
 obliquely (not at right angles, like the wall) to the Euphrates, which here 
 runs about S, E. — Siwpvxes : sc. €l(ri. Derivation of 8i-&jpv| ? — peoucrai, 
 which fioio (G. 276, 1). — pe'ovcrai, irXet (G. 98, n. 1). — (rn-ayuiyo, : deri- 
 vation ? See also G. 131, 1. — StaXe^Trovcri, are distant (from one another), 
 lit. leave an interval. — iroTaiAov, Td<j>pov (G. 182, 2). — Why the ditch 
 had not been completed to the river is not stated. The most rea.sonable of 
 the many conjectures that have been made with reference to this is, that 
 Cyrus had surprised the King hy his rapid marching, and that the latter 
 had in consequence abandoned the work in alarm when almost completed. 
 
 16. irpocrcXavvovTa (G. 280). — irapTjXOe Kal c-ye'vovro : the point of view 
 shifts ; Cyrus being promhient as subject of irapfjXGe, and the whole army 
 as subject of €Y€vovto. 
 
 17. p.e'v : see rfj Se Tptrvj in § 20. — fjcrav : plural, perhaps, because two 
 kinds of tracks are mentioned. 
 
 18. 'AjippaKitornv: force of suffix? See G. 129, 1 0. — |xdvTiv : der. ? — 
 SapeiKoxis: the orraTTip AapeiKos, commonly called AapeiKos, Avas a Persian 
 gold coin, containing about 125.5 grains of gold. It would, therefore, now 
 
 !be worth about $5.40 in our gold ($1.00 having 23.22 grains). Here Cyrus 
 Ipays a bet of 10 talents (80,000 drachmas) Avith 3000 Darics, which shows 
 [that the Daric was worth 20 drachmas, or $3.60 in silver. The difference 
 ;in these two results comes from the change in the proportional values of 
 
> 
 
 38 XENOPHON. 
 
 gold and silver. In antiquity the proportion was about 10 : 1 ; now it is 
 about 16 : 1. As tlie Daric was a gold coin, of course the tbrmer value 
 (about $5.40) is the correct one. The Daric is commonly supposed to have 
 derived its name from Darius, the father of Xerxes. In the same way we 
 have Ncqjoleon, Louis d'or, etc., as names of coins. — Lir ex£ivT]s, i. e. be- 
 fore that {day). — 'on rfj . . . elirev : causal (G. 250). — Tj|i€pwv (G. 179, 1). 
 Cf. T||X€'pa, above (G. 189), and cttklQ^ov, § 14 (G. 161). — Ovk . . . jxaxei- 
 Tai, he 'Will not fight then at all (lit. Mreafter) ; see ovk ^ti in lexicon. — • 
 ov: ov rather than (jlt^ |xax€iTai (G. 219, 3, N.), because he is consciously 
 repeating the statement of Silanus (G. 223, n. 1). ~^ dX-qOguo-Tjs, sliall prove 
 to he sj)eaking the truth ; the future apodosis is in 8w<r€iv or Sovvai under- 
 stood with {)7rt<rx.vov|JLat. — 7rap7]X6ov : see note on i. 1. 3. 
 
 19. 6Ktt»X-u€; attempted action. — ^So^g: personal. — dTre-yvcaKc'vai tov 
 (Jidx€0"9ai, to have abandoned the idea of fighting (G. 262, 2; 174). — r-g 
 xKTTepaia : sc. Tj(iepa. — cao-re liropeijeTO (G. 237). — ■fip.cXiijievws : adverb 
 formed from the perfect passive participle of djxeXga). 
 
 20. Ka0Tiix€vos, 'i\(av: manner (G. 277, 2). — avrw: a dative of dis- 
 advantage, but o-TparitoTais, just below, one of advantage (G. 184, 3). 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Synopsis : Near the station where he intends to halt for breakfast, Cyrus is 
 met by Pategyas riding at full speed, who calls out that the King and his army 
 are approaching (1). Great confusion ensues (2), and Cyrus gives orders for all 
 to arm and fall into line (3). They begin to form as quickly as possible (4, 5), 
 and Cyrus stations himself at their centre (6, 7). The enemy approach slowly i 
 and in silence, prepared for battle (8-11). Cyrus calls to Clearchus to attack i 
 the centre where the King is, but he is unwilling to do so (12, 13). The King's j 
 army continues to advance, the Greek force being not yet completely in line. 
 Cyrus surveys both armies, and tells Xenophon, who rides up to him, to an-' 
 nounce tliat the sacrifices are favorable (14, 15). The watchword is passed along i 
 the ranks of the Greeks, and then they advance chanting the paean (16, 17). 
 They begin to move more and more rapidly, raising a shoiit to the God of War, I 
 at which the barbarians on the right of tlie King's army give Avay and take flights 
 (18-20). Cyrus is pleased at the sight, but does not join in the pursuit. He] 
 directs his attention towards the King, who is beyond his extreme left, and tlien,« f 
 in fear that he may be encircled, moves directly upon him, putting to rout theB | 
 troops in front (21 -24). He attacks the King in person and wounds him, butis|p 
 himself struck with a javelin and killed. Artapates dies upon his body (25-29). 
 
 1. Tiv (G. 134, N. 1 c). — d,7opdv irX'^Oouo-av, tlu time of full market, i. e. 
 from nine or ten o'clock in the morning until noon. Four parts of the davl 
 were designated, wpw (ii. 2. 1), d70pd 7rXT|6ov(ra, fi€<rov Tj|i€pas (§ 8), and] 
 BeiXri (§ 8). 
 
 Page 26. — o-Ta9|j.6s : here halting -place. Cf. note on oraGnovs, i- 2. 5. J 
 - — ^fieXXe, i. e. Cyrus. For ^fxeXXe KaraXvetv, expressing past intention,r 
 see G. 118, 6; Moods and Tenses, § 25, 2, n. 2. — KaraXuciv, to halt (i. e.i 
 
ANABASIS 1, VIII. 39 
 
 for breakfast), lit. to unyoke, to loose the horses, Cf. KaTa\ij<rofi£v i-mrcvs 
 Odyss. iv. 28 ; and KaroXijei irap' £(xot, he lodycs at my house. — Trpo-<}jaiveTttt 
 . . . KpoiTos, comes iiUo view in front, riding at the top of his speed (lit. up 
 to his might). — ISpovvri, tw I'lnra) (G. 188, 5), with his horse in a sv)eat : 
 the part, expresses aUeiulant circumstance (G. 277, 6). Cf, oniVTCTa-yae'vui 
 Tw o-TpaTcvfiaTt in i. 7, W, and note.— ws els P-o-xtiv, apparently for battle. 
 
 2. a-uTiKa : construe witii lirnrto-CLO-Gai ; put lirst for eni2)hasis, — Kal 
 irdvT€s 8e, and all too, i, e. Persians as well as Greeks (cf. i. 1. 2, and note). 
 
 — o-<|>io-iv (G. 144, 2). — €irnre<r€L(r0ai, i. e, the King (G. 260, 2). 
 
 3. Note in the lirst two lines the repeated use of the article as a pos- 
 sessive pronoun (G, 141, n, 2). — to, iraXTo,: each Persian horseman carried 
 two javelins into battle. Ci. i. 5. 15. 
 
 4. TO, Se^id Tov Ke'paTOs, tlce right (sc. p-eprj, parts) of the wing. K^pas 
 here must mean the right wing, to 'EXXt^vikov, of the entire force of Cyrus, 
 as opposed to the left wing where most of the barbarians stood (§ 5). This 
 distinction is plain in ev tw 8€|tco and kv tw evtovvp-u) (§ 5). But below, rh 
 evwvvjiov K€pas tov 'EXXtivikov means the left icing of this same Greek 
 division (or K€pas). — Trpds, in front of, near. — exop-evos, next to, lit. hold- 
 ing on to, sc. KXcdpxov (G. 199, N. 3; 171, 1). Cf. cxopevoi tovitwv in § 9. 
 
 5. tov PapPapiKOv : part. gen. with iinrcts (G. 168). — els: cf. i. 2. 3, 
 and note. — ^o-Tr^o-av, took their position. The Paplilagonian cavalry and 
 Greek peltasts were stationed here to support the hoplites under Clearchus 
 and follow up the advantage in case these slower troops should put the 
 enemy to rout. 
 
 6. Kvpos . . . wTrXto-pe'voi (sc. ^crTTio-av), i. e. stood armed. — Scrov, (so 
 much) as = about. Cf. note on ds in i. 2. 3. — Gcupa^L p^v avTol . . . Kv- 
 pov, (the men) themselves on their yart (p-cv) %oitli breastplates, cuissrs (thigh- 
 pieces), and helmets — all except Cyrus. The exception ref(>rs only to 
 Kpdv€o-i, as appears from the following Kvpos Se, k. t. X, oi 8' tirirci (in 
 § 7) corresponds to Gwpa^i pev avTot. Kvpov : case (G. 191, I. 5). — 
 \j/iXt)v . . . K6<})aXi^v, vjith his head unprotected (G. 138, Ptcm.). ' Ctesias (in 
 Plutarch, Artax. 11) says that Cyrus wore a tiara in place of a helmet. 
 
 7. Notice the derivation of irpo-peT-wiriSia and Trpo-o-TepviSia. — paxal- 
 pas : difference between the pdxciipa and |l4>os ? 
 
 8. Cf. the beginning of this section with that of § 1. — TjviKa . . . t-yt- 
 •yv€To, but when it began to be (lit. was becoming) afternoon. Cf. note on § 1, 
 The battle was fought between this time and dark. — €4>dvT], tliere was seen. 
 
 — Kovi-opTos: der. ? — Xpo^*? • • • """o^^j ^^<^ some time (G. 188, 2) later (the 
 dust op2)eared) just like a so7't of blackness in the j-ji'a^ii for a great distance 
 (IttI ttoXv). --- xaXKos Tis iio-TpaTrTe, here and tliere (tIs) tiieir bronze armoi 
 began to flash. 
 
 9. XevKo-9wpaK€S : probably of linen ; cf. XivoSwpr]^, II. ii. 539. 
 
 Page 27. — Ixopevoi tovtuv : cf. note on Ixopevos in § 4. — KaToL ^'0vt], 
 nation by nation (G. 191, i V. 2, 2 c). — '^Kao-Tov to ^9vos : in appos. to 
 ovToi, but attracting liropeveTO into an agreement with it : but these vserc all 
 proceeding (normally liropevovTo) nation by nation, each nation in the form 
 of a solid square. 
 
40 
 
 XENOPHON. 
 
 10. &p|JLaTa: sc. ^v. — KaXov|i6va: cf. note on KaXovpitvT] in i. 2. 13. — • 
 €K Twv d^ovojv: inserted into the projecting extremity of tlie axle and sta- 
 tionary. — els TrXd-ytov, sideways. — pXeirovra, 2^ointing. — a>s BiaKotmiv : 
 result (G. 266, n. 1). — oxo) (i. e, wxivi, G. 86). — evTvyx^'Voi.ev (G. 248, 2). 
 
 — f| 8e yvoi\n] rjv ws . . . cXwvTa (see kXavvoi), k. t. X., and they were de- 
 signed to drive, etc. ; the partic. are noinin., as if ■yvwp,T]v dyj=v had preceded, 
 and ws is used (G. 277, n. 2) as if the chariots themselves had the design. 
 The covinni, or scythe-chariots of the ancient Britons, are well known. 
 
 11. 8 [ic'vTOi, whai however, taken up in tovto, two lines below. — KaXe- 
 <ras . . ."EXXtjo-i : we might have had (cf. i. 7. 18) KaXeo-as TOvs"EXXT)vas 
 irapeKcXsveTo aiirois, but in Greek the obj. is regularly expressed but once. 
 
 — k^€vc^Qr^ TOVTO, in, this (G. IGO, 1) he was 'mistaken. — Kpav-yfj : manner: 
 so o-i-yf], T](rvxfi- — f'-'YTi '^s Lvvu-rov, ivith as little noise as 'possible ; in full 
 (ibs dwoTTov Tjv TrpocTLGvaL crL-yfj : see note on •^ SvvaTov p-dXicrTa in i. 3. 15. 
 
 — Iv to-o), iviih even step, sc. jBriixaTt : cf. 6|xaXws in § 14. 
 
 12. avTos, i. e. attended only by Pigres and the few others mentioned. 
 
 — fi-yeiv: obj. inf. not in indirect disc, following ipoa as it would iKe'Xcue 
 (G. 260, 1). —TO Tc3v iroX€}JLLtov (G. 142, 2). — 8ti dr\ : causal (G. 250, n.). 
 
 — k6,v (Kal dv) viKajxev (G. 223). The apod. •n^troayTfix, though a perf. in 
 form, refers vividly to the fut. (G. 200, N. 7), our whole work is (will he) 
 done. — TIH.IV (G. 197, 2i). 
 
 13. 6p«v TO [xe'o-ov g-ti(})os, though he saio the compact body at the centre 
 (o-Tt<f>os from o-TciPo), to tread), i. e. the 6000 cavalry mentioned in i. 7. 11. 
 dKovtov is also concessive (G. 277, 5). — Kvpov : gen. of source (G. 171, 2, 
 N. 1). The clause c|ft) 6vTa (G. 280) . . 
 
 — Tov euwvvjiov : with ^^w (G. 182, 2).— 
 irX-qGei, in nu'iiibers (G. 188, 1, N. 1). 
 the parenthesis, with emphatic repetition of 6 KXe'apxos- — p-T] kukXo>9€it], 
 that he might be encircled (der. from kvkXos ; cf. Eng. cycle). Why opt.? — 
 6ti ai^Tto . . . 'ixox. : he said ep-ol fxe'Xei (G. 184, 2, N. 1, the clause that fol- 
 lows being the object gen.) Sirws kuXcos ^XTl i^- 217, N. 1). — If Clearchus 
 had been less cautious and obeyed orders, the result of the battle might 
 have been very different. Plutarch (Artax. 8) says of Clearchus: 6 8* aii- 
 Tw [xeXeiv elirwy oirws '^^et KaXXio-xa, to irdv 8L€<})0€ipev. 
 
 14. TO papjBapiKov o-TpdTev[xa: the King's army. — 6p,aX<5s: cf. Iv iVw 
 in § 11, and note. — (rvveTaTTeTo . . . irpoo-iovTwv, tvas forming its line from 
 those still coming up. — ov Trdvu irpds, by no means near, at some distance 
 from. — irpbs avTw tw o-TpaT€vp.aTL means near the army itself, avria 
 strengthening the idea of nearness. — eKaT€p«o-€ (with diropXeirwv) : cf. 
 €KaT€pw0ev in § 13, and see G. 61. — KaTeGedTo, took a survey : opdw, to see 
 in general ; pXeTrw, to turn the eyes, look ; Ocdofxai, to gaze at. 
 
 15. ^€vo(|)cov : the first mention of Xenophon in the Anabasis. — »s 
 o-vvcvT-qcrai : purpose (G. 266, N. 1). — el' ti Trapa-yYe'XXoi, whether (G. 282, 
 4) he had any commands (G. 243). — eirio-TTio-as (sc. tov I'-ttttov), pulling up. 
 
 Page 28. — tepd, omens frotn inspecting the inioards of the victims; cr<{>d- 
 •yia, omens from tlie acts and movements of the victims. 
 
 . Pao-iXe'a constitutes the obj. ace. 
 
 — TOO-ovTov . . . (i^b) tjiv : parcntli. — 
 
 dXX* ojJLojs, but still, resuming after 
 
ANABASIS 1, VIII. 41 
 
 16. Xt'-ywy, wliile saying (G. 277, 1). — rts . . . dr\, wJuit tlic noise was 
 (G. 2-43) ; but two lines below, 6 ti eiT], k. t. \. (G. 149, 2'^). — 6 KXe'apxos: 
 Clearchus had ridden up in the mean time ; some MSS. have ^tvocfxiv. — 
 oTJV0T]fJLa, a thing agreed upon (o-vv-Tt9'i-|p.i), watchword. — iraptpx.€Tai : 
 what might have been tlie mood i Ct. irapaY^t'XXei and €ir|, below. — 
 SevTcpov : the watchword passed tirst down the line IVom man to man, and 
 then back again to make sure that it was understood. — Kal 8s, and lie, i. e. 
 Cyrus (G. 151, n. 3-). — tis Trapa-yYcXXet, i. e. lolto luas giving it out with- 
 out his approval. 
 
 ] 7. 'AXXa . . . ^o-To), well, I accept it (the password), and let it be this. 
 dXXd marks the op[)Osiiion Ixitween his present concession and preceding 
 surprise. — Kal ovkcti . . . d,XXt|X«v, i. e. the ttvo lines were now less than 
 three or four stades (G. 161) apart. — 8LeLx^eTT]v tw ^6iko.yyi (G. 33, 1 ; 78, 
 N. 2). — €iraidvi^ov, began, to sing the p)aean, as an omen of victory. — irpo- 
 ■^PXOVTO, began first (irpo), i. e. before the enemy. — avrioi (G. 138, N. 8 ; 
 185). 
 
 18. COS 8^ . . . (jxxXa'Y'Yos, but when, as they (sc. a-uTwv) jrroceeded, a part 
 (sc. jJte'pos with ti) of the pludanx (G. 168) surged forward (beyond the rest), 
 lit. billowed out (KV|Ji.a, a wave), etc. — 8pc(xa 0av, to go on the run, double 
 quick (dat. of manner). — oiovTrep . . . IXeXi^ono-i, just as they raise tlte war- 
 cry to Enyalius {Ares) : tXeXt^w, to shout eXcXeu. — Kal irdvres 8^ : cf. § 2 
 and note. — ({xj^ov . . . I'lnrois (G. 277, 6), thereby frightening (lit. causing 
 fright among) the horses (G. 184, 3). 
 
 19. irplv 8e . . . e|iKV6LO-0ai : lit. before an arroio reached, them, i. e. before 
 the Greeks got within bowshot of them (G. 274). — Karu, Kpdrcs : cf. dvd Kpd- 
 Tos in § 1. — 0€iv Spofiw : here involving the idea of confusion and disorder 
 (cf. § 18). 
 
 20. rd 8' dtpfiara, i. e. of the enemy. — fo. uev, rd 8c' : in partitive a})po- 
 sition to dpfxaxa (G. 137, x. 2). — T|vtdx<«>v (G. 180, 1) : derived from T|Vua, 
 a rein, and ^x"* — ^"n-el irpotSoiet', 8iL0-TavT0, stood apart {separated), wlien- 
 ever they saw them in front of them (G. 233). — 'icrn 8* 'qcttls : we should 
 expect rather -^jv 86 tls <5s. Cf. the expressions in G. 152, n. 2, and ^v oiis 
 in i. 5. 7, with note. — Kar€XT|<|)9T] iKTrXaycis, was caught (i. e. by not getting 
 out of the way of a chariot) in his consternation. — iirTroSpojAu) : derivation ? 
 — Kal . . . ?4>ao-av, and yet, in fact (Kal [livroi), they said that not even he 
 suffered any harm (ov8€'v, G. 159, N. 2). — ovSe . . . 8e : the negative expres- 
 sion corresponding to Kal . . . 8€'. Cf. i. 1. 2, and note. — o\58* ouSels ou- 
 Be'v: emphatic negation (G. 283, 9). So just preceding ov8€v ovBi. — tIs, 
 probably, a single man. 
 
 21. opuv, ivhen he saw. — viKcovras, 8iwK0VTas : pred. participles in in- 
 direct discourse (G. 280). — to KaO' a-Oxo-us : sc. irXf,0os or cTTpdTcujia, — 
 ■flSoixevos, although he was pleased. — ov8' ois (G. 29, N.l), not even tJien (un- 
 der these circumstances). — cliiX^T? ^'^^^^ ^^^ ^'^» tempted {kijar^ui). — cruvcoTrti- 
 pafxc'vrjV : cf. note on eKK€KaXi»p.}xevas in i. 2. 16 : (nreipdo'iai, to be coiled up, 
 from oTTctpa (cf. Eng. spiral). — iroiria-fi, would do, might have been iroiifj- 
 <roi (G. 243). — fj8€i auTov otl ^X""-? ^"''^-cwj him that lie had, i. e. knew that 
 
42 XENOPHON. 
 
 he had. Cf. i. 6. 5, and note. The thought could be expressed also in this ^ 
 way, fj8€i avTov %.yjiVTo., but not avrov ^x^iv (G. 2S0, and n. 3), 
 
 Page 29. — 22. to aiirwv (G. 142, 2; 167, 1). — riYovvrai, command, 
 i. e. they always hold this position in commanding their armies. — ovtw, 
 thus, takes up tlie idea of [litrov '<i\ovres to avroiv, and is itself further de- 
 fined by ^iv ij ... €KaT€'pa)6€v, thus, viz. if ])art of their force is on cither side 
 of them : oiJTw has besides a conditional force on alo-9dv€o-0ai dtv. — Iv 
 do-<|>aX€o-TdTa) : sc. Toirw. — €lvai (G. 260, 2) is apod, to the general cond. 
 '^v % (G. 225). —T| lorxtis avTwv (G. 142, 4, x. 3). — d \9i\lo\.iv . . . &v 
 alo-edveo-eat (G. 246 ; 247, N. 3): cf. also G. 226,3; 211.— T||Aio-€i xpovw: 
 more commonly Iv r\\Li(r&. xpovto (G. 189, n. 2). 
 
 23. 8tj TOTe . . . ojxws, i. e. the King accordingly (Stj) on this occasion held 
 (G. 277, 5) the centre, but still, etc. — Ik tov dvTiov (sc. [lepovs), from the 
 opposite side. — auToO : with cfxirpocrGcv (G. 182, 2). — lireKafnrTev . . . kvxXw- 
 oriv, wheeled round (lit. against), as if to encircle them. By this movement 
 the King's left, from being at right angles to the river, came to face it. — 
 ktjkXwo-iv (G. 129,3). 
 
 24. p.^ KaTaKo\}/T) (G. 216, 2 ; 201, Eem.). — IXavva dvTios, advances 
 against him (G. 138, N. 7). — tovs £|aKio-xiXtot)S : identical with tovs trph 
 pacriXews TCTaYfAt'vovs, but expressed to emphasize the contrast between the 
 two forces, 600 on one side, 6,000 on the otlier. — avTos tt] lavTov x^'^P^? 
 himself with his own hand. 
 
 25. TpoTTTJ, the i!?t?^w//?r/of an enemy, rout (G. 129, 1). — els to Sicokciv, 
 in pursuit (G. 262, 1).— ttXtiv : here a conj. Cf. its use as a prep, in i. 2. 1. 
 — o-xeSbv . . . KaXo-ujXfcvoi, chief.]) his so-called (cf. note on i. 2. 13) table- 
 companiions. 
 
 26. TO dfJL<|>' Ikcivov o-Ti4)os : the King's ojAOTpdire^oi, probably, in turn, 
 who, now that the 6,000 had fled, formed a crowd (o-tl£})os) about him for 
 his protection. — TjveVxeTo : double augm. (G. 105, 1, N. 3). — Kal ldo-8ai 
 . . . <f>'!icri, and he says that he himself healed (he said lto{jLT]v, G. 203, N. 1) the 
 \oound. The present infinitive can be used for the imperfect only Avhen 
 something in the sentence or in the context makes it plain that this 
 is the case : here (as often) the well-known time of the event makes the 
 meaning plain. (See examples in Moods and Tenses, § 15, 3.) We should 
 expect here a relative sentence. The conjecture has been made, os Kal 
 ldo-8ai, K. T. X., %vho says also, etc. 
 
 27. aiJTov, i. e. Cyrus. — viro tov 6<{)0aX|xov, under the eye (implying 
 motion towards the eye). — [xaxofievoi . . . iKaTc'pov : the construction begun 
 by these subjects is not finished, except so far as it is partially resumed in 
 Klipos 84 ; but it breaks suddenly off in the indirect quest, ottoo-oi . . . dirl- 
 0vr]o-Kov. — dTTe'SvTio-Kov refers to several being killed at different times, 
 whereas dirtGave is used of Cyrus alone. — KTT]o-tas Xe'-yei : we should say, 
 this I leave for Ctesias to tell . — ?k€ivto, lay dead, jacebant. 
 
 28. 6 irio-TOTaros Gepdirwv, the attendant most in his confidence. — TreirTO)- 
 KOTtt : quoted after etSe (G. 280). — ircpnreo-ttv avTw : lit. to have fallen 
 about him. (G. 187), i. e. so as to embrace him. Cf. Q. Curtius, viii. 11. 16: 
 super amici corpus procubuiL. 
 
ANABASIS 1, IX. 43 
 
 29. Kttl . . . Kijpw : construe in the Greek order. — l'ir\.a-^a^a\. aurbv 
 (Artapntes) Kvpw (G. 187), to slay him over Cyrus, i. e. as a sacrifice. See 
 €irL<r<}>d^a) in lexicon. — lavrbv e7rio-<j)d|aa9at : strongly reflexive, slew him,' 
 self by his oivn hand, lavrov being added to the verb aln^ady in tlie mid. 
 Note the force of crirao-dfitvov (G. 199, 3). — e^votav, iricrTOTTiTa : substan- 
 tives formed with sutlixes expressing quality (G. 129, 7). 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 BiograjJhical Sketch of Cyrus. 
 
 Synopsis : Cyrus is agreed to have been the most worthy to reign of all Per- 
 sians since Cyrus the Great (1). When a boy he excelled all others (2). The 
 sons of Persian nobles are educated at the King's palace, and early learn to gov- 
 ern and obey (3, 4). Here Cyrus was remarkable for Ids modesty and obedience, 
 as well as his love of horses and for learning warhke exercises (5). When 
 older, he was fond of the chase (6). While satrap, he was careful to keep his 
 promises (7); and cities, individuals, and even enemies had the greatest con- 
 fidence in him (8). In his warfare with Tissaphernes all the cities, except Mi- 
 letus, put themselves under his protection ; and the inhabitants of Miletus feared 
 him, because he showed by deeds and words that he would not desert the exiles 
 whom they had banished (9, 10). He was always anxious to outdo those who 
 did him either a kindness or an injury (11). A great number confided to 
 his charge their property, cities, and persons (12). He was unsparing in liis 
 punishment of the criminal and unjust (13); but paid honor to warlike talents 
 and bravery (14, 15), and rewarded those who loved justice (16). Foreign gen- 
 erals in his employ foimd it profitable to serve him well (17), for diligence was 
 never unrewarded (18). Skilful and just managers of his lands were never de- 
 prived of their earnings (19). He was successful in attaching friends to him- 
 self, and ready to assist them in their own purposes (20, 21). He received and 
 gave many presents, surpassed his friends in kind attentions, and v.'as univer- 
 sally beloved (22-28): in proof of this no one deserted from lum to the King 
 (29). His virtues and his quickness in discerning the trustworthy are proved 
 by the fact that, when he died, all his most intimate friends, except Ariaeus, 
 fell fighting in his belialf (30, 31). 
 
 Page 30. — 1. (Acv: without correlative. — oiiTcos : what would wSe 
 mean? — dvfip <ov, a man (G. 137) lolio ivas, etc. — Iltpo-djv yfvo^ivfjiv 
 (G. 168): the Persians meant are those of the royal line born (^evofitvajv) 
 after the time of (fitTd, G. 191, VI. 3, 3 h) Cyrus the Great. — pao-uXiKw- 
 TttTos: note the suffix iko- (see G. 129, 13). — irapd : with the gen. of the 
 agent in yjlace of inrd (G. 197, 1, n. 1). — twv Soko-uvtcov Yeve'crGai, tliose who 
 are reputed to have become (yevia-Qai, G. 260, 2). — €V ireipa Kvpov, i. e. 
 intimately acquainted ivith Cyrus. 
 
 2. irpcoTOv p.€V : correl. to eTrel Sc in § 6, which marks the second period 
 in his life, and to eTrtl 8e' in § 7, which marks the third. — 'in irats o:v, 
 while (G. 277, 1) still a boy. — eiraiSevero ; derivation and suffix? See 
 G. 130, 4. 
 
44 
 
 XENOPHON. 
 
 3. €7rl . . . 0vpats: as we say, at court. — <r(«)(j>po(rvvT)v, self -control, der. \| 
 from (r«-<|)pa)v (trtSs, o-wos, and <}>pT|v) with the sufF. orvva- (see G. 129, 7). 
 
 — KaTap,deoL &v (G. 226, 2 b). — a'wrxpbv . . . ta-ri (G. 28, N. 1 , end) : for 
 the construction cf. fjv ISeiv . . . dvGpacrrovs in § 13, below, and ovk -^v \a- 
 p€iv in i. 5. 2. — oiSev o^Jre . . . oiire (G. 283, 9). 
 
 4. 06«vTai Kal aKovovcri, they see some (sc. Tivds) honored and hear of 
 them (G. 280). — €ii9t)s iraiSes 6vt€S (G. 277, N. 1), in their very boyhood. — • 
 |iav0dvovo-Lv dpx^i'V, learn how to rule (G. 280, N. 3). 
 
 5. aloTjfjLove'o-TaTos : put tirst for emphasis, dis})lacing fiev : otherwise 
 the order would be TrpaJrov (lev al8T]|jLov€(rTaTos. — ISokci etvai, had the 
 reinitation of being. — rois t€ . . . TreiOeo-Gai,, and of being more obedient to his 
 elders than (inerc) even those inferior to himself in rank. — <j)tXnnTdTaTos 
 (G. 136, N. 3 a) with cSokci etvai, but yjpr\crQo.\. with cSokci alone. — ^icptvov: 
 they (i. e. men in general) judged him, etc. — ^p-ywv : with the two super, 
 at the end of the sect. (G. 180, 2). — dKovricrecos : force of the suff. cris? — 
 Give the derivation at length of al8T|p,a)v, t|X!.kiwtt)s, •0'Jto8€T)S, 4)iXnnros, 
 To^iKTJ, dKovTio-is, <piXop,a0-qs, and [XfiXex'qpds. 
 
 6. T|XtKLa (G, 184, 2). — p,evToi, moreover. So below at the end. — liri- 
 <j>epop.e'vT)v, that rushed ui)on him (G. 276, 1) : dpKTos is epicene (G. 33, 2, 
 N. 2). — OVK ^Tp£o-€v, was 7iot afraid of, did not shrink from. Cf. xpt'ca, 
 Tpe'iio), tremo, tremble. — o-ujiTreo-wv : the idea is that of grapjyling, not of 
 falling to the ground, loith the bear. — rd |X€v: cogn. ace. (G. 159, N. 2), 
 suffered somewhat, received some wounds. Often a different word takes the 
 place of the article in one part of the correlation 6 jj.Iv ... 6 Be (G. 143, 1), 
 as here reXos Se (G. 160, 2). — ttoXXols : dat. of the agent with the verbal 
 adj. [laKapio-Tov (from }i€Kapt^w, jidxap). 
 
 7. KaT€ireiX(J>9T) : why Kard ? — (raTpdin^s, as satrap. See, with ref. to 
 the facts here mentioned, i. 1. 2, and the prefatory note. — (rTpaTT]"ybs 8^ 
 Ktti : cf. with ref. to pos. Kal o-TpaTTTybv 8s in i. 1. 2. — els : dat. of indir. 
 obj. after Ka0T]K€i (G. 184, 2). — Trp«Tov|J.ev : weakly correlated by 8c' in § 11. 
 
 — lirs'Scilev avrbv 6ti, k. t. X., he shoived himself that he made, etc., em- 
 phatic attraction. Cf. note on twv PapPdpwv, i. 1. 5. — on . . . iroioiro, 
 that he made it of the greatest importance, regarded it most important ; the 
 direct form of the sent, being irepl irXeio-Tov iroiovfxai, tdv tw o-irctcrwixat 
 (G. 225) Kal . . . o-vv0<5(jLai Kal . . . {cn-do-xwfiat ti, jjltjScv \}/€i)8€o-0ai (G. 247). 
 
 — Tta) : what other form was possible ? See G. 84. — o-irev8ojjiai of making 
 a treaty (by libations) ; (7-vvTi0£(xat of entering into an agreement ; vTrio-xve- 
 ojiai oi promising in the common sense. 
 
 8. Kal ^dp, and {proof is cd ha-nd) for. — o-treio-anevov, temporal. — jjit]- 
 8^v dv iraGeiv, in direct form ov8ev dv irdGoLjAi (G. 211; 226, 2&):for the 
 change of neg. see G. 242, 4. 
 
 Page 31. — 9. roiyopovv, therefore. — cKovo-ai (G. 138, N. 7).— MiXt^o-lwv; 
 we should expect MiX^^tov. — oStol 86 . . . avrdv : a proof, drawn from an 
 enemy, that Cyrus was to be trusted. — Trpot(r0at, to abandon (see 7rpotT||xi). 
 
 10. Kal "ydp . . . 'i\(.ytv, for he both (Kal . . . Kai in correlation) showed 
 repeatedly by what he did, and declared rcpecdedly, or, more freely, showed 
 
ANABASIS 1, IX. 45 
 
 repeatedly both hy word and deed. — irpooiTo (G. 127, III., n. 1). — ixirc^ is 
 once for all ; but irore, once on a time (§ (>), some time, ever. — odS' d . . . 
 "YcvoivTo, not even if they should become still feiver, i. e. should be cut down 
 in numbers by their misfortunes. — 6ti . . . 7rpd|€iav : in direct form ovk &v 
 iroT€ irpooi^-xyv, eiret . . . e"y€vd|iT]v, ou8' €i . . . ^e'voivro . . . irpd^eiav (G, 247, 
 N. 2 and n. 3). 
 
 11. <})av6pbs 8' ^v Kai ircipwuevos, hit it was obvious also that he strove 
 (G. 280, N. 1). — €1 iroLi^o-€i6v : prot. to Tr€ipw(ievos. The fact made evident 
 (i. e. the direct di.scour.se) is Idv ris . . . TroiT|crT|, Tretpcop-ai (G. 225). For 
 the two accusatives after iroirjo-ttcv, see G. 1G5. For the ])arallel con.struc- 
 tion at the end of the section, see G. 165, N. 1, and cf. § 10. — €^€'<j)€pov, 
 reported. — a>s €vx<^ito : quoted (G. 243) after ivxhv c^e'c^epov, which in- 
 volves the idea oi saying. They said, euxerai (i. e. he sometimes pravs) ^fiv 
 itrr &v viKa (G. 239, 2 ; 232, 3) ; the future apod, to '4(rr dv viKa is ^iiv. 
 For the change by quot. of the subj. viKa to the opt., see G. 247. — vikcot] 
 dX€^6}i,€vos, should outdo in rcturniuii like for like. 
 
 12. Kal -ydp oSv ; as in § 8. — 8tj : with the .superlative, ju.st as p,€"yto"Tos 
 8i] means the very greatest. The phrase evt 7€ dv8pi also (dv8pL, of course, 
 is grammatically in app. to avrw) logically modiiies the superl. ; the num- 
 ber, i. e., was the very greatest in view, at least (76), of the fact that it was 
 a single man (evl dv8pO that was in question. — t(3v €(j)' TjfJiwv, of the men 
 of our time, part. gen. with aurw, but affected also by the superlative irXei- 
 o-Toi, as if it had been said he was trusted most of all the men of our day. 
 For this meaning of cTri, see G. 191, VI. 2, lb. — irpoe'crOai, to intrust. 
 Cf. § 9. ^ ^ 
 
 13. ov (xev (= y.^v) Z^ oxlhi, nor yet now in truth. — d4)€i8e<rTaTa irdv- 
 T£ov, most uns2K(ringly of all. — ?\v iBiiv , it tvas possible to see, you might see. 
 — TToSojv, xeipwv, 6<j>0aX|x<iv : why gen.? — {i-r^Scv d8i.KoiivTi, if in no respect 
 (G. 159, N. 2) a wrong-doer (G. 277, 4). — '6 ri TrpoxwpoiT], whatever it teas 
 to his advantage (G. 233) to have (sc. ^X^iv). For i^GeXev (which might have 
 been eGcXoi), see G. 233, N. 1. 
 
 14. p,£VTOL, however. — wixoXo-yi^TO, he had been (and so was) acknowl- 
 edged., pers. const, (cf. § 20). — -^jv avroi irdXejios : princi]\^l sentence Avhere 
 we should expect a dependent one, such as ovtos trork atJTa) iroXejiov ; for 
 irpwTov fi€v, notwithstanding its position, goes with dtp^ovTas lircict and is 
 correlated by 'i-niircx.. — Kal aurds, even in person. — eOeXovras: cf. €KoOo-at 
 in § 9, and note, and efieXovrds in i. 6. 9, and note. — i^s KaT£o-Tp€'c|>€TO 
 Xwpas (G. 154, N.). 
 
 15. «o-T€ . . . etvai, so that (in his dominions) the good ajypcared (G. 266, 1) 
 most prosperous, and the bad were deemed ft to be their slaves : cfiaivco-Oai. 
 would regularly either stand within the clause with |X€V or else belong 
 to both subjects. — oI'oito : for the mood cf. irpoxwpo^T] in § 13. — alcrSi]- 
 a-io-Qai: quoted (G. 260, 2). 
 
 16. "y€ \i^v, certainly at least, adding a case in the general testimony to 
 the high character of Cyrus that could not be controverted ; more simply, 
 moreover. — els 8i.caioo-vvi]v (see G. 129, 7 and 12): with t-.ri8c£Kvv(r6at, 
 
46 XENOPHON. 
 
 to distinguish liimsclf for ujorightness. — el "ye'voiTO, liroieiTo (G. 225). — ^ 
 PovXofifvos : quoted. Cf. <|)av€pbs tiv Trcipwjicvos in § 11. — inpi iravTog 
 liroieiTO : cf. irtpl irXeLo-xov ttoioito in § 7. — tovtotjs : pi. because of tlie , 
 distributive force of tIs to which it refers. — €k tov olSikov, by injustice '. 
 (G. 139, 2). ; 
 
 Page 32. — 17. SiKdlois, ivith fidelity. — Siexeipi^^TO, ivere managed, \\t. 
 were had in hand. — Kal . . . Ixp'HO-aTo, and he secured tlie services of (G. 200, i 
 N. 5 h)an army worthy of the name, justo exercitu. — ^7rXeuo-av: coining ' 
 as mercenaries across the sea. — eirel ^■yvtoo-av, heca^ise they judged it, etc. 
 (G. 250). — TTCiOapxeiv (G. 131, 2 a). — rb Kara |if]va KcpSos is in the same 
 construction as ireLOapxeiv, the subject of elvai, wliich miglit have been to 
 irciG. (G. 259 and n.). For Kara fifjva, monthly, see G. 191, IV. 2, 2 c. 
 
 18. d Tis "ye ti: one proclitic, three enclitics. The proclitic takes the 
 accent of tIs ; for the accent of the enclitics, see G. 28, n. 2. — tis ye, OAiy > 
 one (emphatically), no matter how insignificant. — tI : with vTTTjpcTTJcreiev, 
 did him (G. 184, 2) any (G. 159, N. 2) good service. With xiTn^perT^oreiev 
 cf. 76VOITO in § 16, and the ref., and also opioT] in § 19. — ovScvl . . . irpoGv- 
 lAiav, he never let his (lit. any one's, G. 184, 3) zeal (see G. 129, 7) go un- 
 rewarded. — tcpaTio-Tot %r\: cf. irXcio-Tot Sij in § 12, and note. — virrjpeTai, 
 sujjporters. — Kuptp . . . -yevecrSai, Cyrus was said to have had, lit. were said 
 
 to have been {become) to Cyrus (poss. dat., G. 184, 4). 
 
 19. Tivd ovTa, that any one was (G. 280). So the two participles that 
 follow. — o'lKovofibv, manager, Eng. eco-nomist. Note the derivation. — 
 ex TOV SiKttiov, according to justice, or we may freely transl. Seivbv . . . 8t- 
 KaCou, a skiful and just manager. — -i^s ^PX^"- is part of the conditional rela- 
 tive sentence (= €'i tlvos ^px^O ^ii^l follows the construction of opior\. See 
 Moods and Tenses, § 64, N. 2. — X"P°-s (Gr. 154). — ovSe'va dv . . . dc}>-€iX€To, 
 he would never deprive (G. 206) him (lit. any one) of (his territory, sc. yja^icv, 
 and see G. 164). The &v belongs equally to irpocreSiSov (G. 212, 4). This 
 aorist with &v, since it expresses a customary action, is a natural apodosis 
 to €L opwT). See again G. 225, and Moods and Tenses, § 51, Rem. — lireiTaTo 
 (see irdojiai, to acquire) : cf. the use of the perf. and plup. of KTdo|xai. — 
 a€, moreover. — Kvpov (G. 164). — ov <|)0ovtov €<^aiv€To dXXd Tr€Lpw|Agvos, it 
 was clear that he did not envy, but strove, etc. (G. 280). 
 
 20. <j)iXovs : emphasized by position and the following particles ; obj. of 
 0€paTr€U£iv. — oo-ovs iroii]0-aiTO (G. 233) : the apodosis is Ocpaireveiv (not 
 7€V€'o-6ai). This use of the optative, as also the corresponding one in con- 
 ditional clauses not relative (G. 225), occurs repeatedly in this chapter and 
 should be watched for. — ovTas: cf. ovTa in § 19. — tscavovs o-vvep^ovs ^ ti 
 TVYx^voi, comjMent co-workers in whatever he chanced, etc. — ^ 8 ti rvyyjoi.- 
 vot (= c'll Ti ru^Yxdvoi) : see note on iqs dpxoi in § 19. - — povXd|ievos: cf. 
 irapcov in i. 1. 2, and note. — irpos, by (G. 191, VI. 6, 1 b, end). — KpaTL- 
 o-TOs Zv\: cf. § 12 and § 18. — "yeveVOai : in the dir. form l^evcTO (G. 260, 2). 
 
 21. avTo TovTo ouirep ?veKa, k. t. X., he tried to secure for his friends that 
 very object for which he thought that he needed friends himself, — viz. that he 
 inight have co-workers, — he tried (7 say) also on his own part to be a most 
 
ANABASIS 1, IX. 47 
 
 vigorous co-worJcer witJt Ms friends, etc. avrb tovto would naturally have 
 been tbe object of some verb like irpaTreiv after lirei, dro, Ijut loi- tliis .simplo 
 avTo ToiJTo irpdTTeiv the amplitied expression oruvep-ybs . . . tlvai . . . tuiSv- 
 jjLoCvTa was substituted, to express the same idea more fully. Cf. d . . . ko.1- 
 ovo-iv in iii. 5. 5. — tovtou : emphatic (G. 152). — 6tov (i. e. ovtlvos, 0. 84) 
 is not gen. by assimilation, but gen. independently (G. 171, 2). — etriOu- 
 jjLoCvTa : quoted after alcrGdvoiTO (G. 280). 
 
 22. otfJtai : by syneoi)e for oiofxai. The word is here parenthetic, like 
 our / think. — els "ye wv dv-rjp : ef. kvL -ye dv8pt in § 12, and note. — 8id ttoX- 
 Xd, for- 'many reasons. — 8i-e8i8ov, dis-tribu'ed. — Kal 6tou : sc. irpos and 
 the indef. antecedent of 8tov. — 8edfi6vov : how is the part, to be construed ? 
 
 23. Kdo-|Jtov : in app. to 6cra (G. 137, N. 4). — ^ . . . ^, eillicr . . . or. — 
 us els ir6Xe}xov: the us marks the pur[)ose for which the objects were sent 
 (els iToXejiov) as subjectively conceived by the sender. Cf. a>s €is y-^X^v in 
 i. 8. 1, and ws els kvkXuotiv in i. 8. 23. — KaXX-wTrLo-}i6v : der. ? — Ka£, more- 
 over, with the following sentence as a whole. — Xe'-yeiv: an imperfect infini- 
 tive with ^<j>ao-av (G. 203, N. 1) : they said ^e-yc, he used to say. Cf. cXe'- 
 X0T]o-av -yevecrGai in § 18. — 8vvaiT0 (G. 245) ; vo|xt^ot (G. 243). Cyrus 
 said 0TJi< dv 8uva{|XT]v . . . <j)iXovs 8e . . . vo^iloi. 
 
 24. Kai TO [lev . . . Troiovvra, and his surpassinrj (G. 259, N.) his friends 
 in conferring great (with emphasis) benefits, etc. xd jxt^dXa is cognate aco. 
 with eS iroiovvra, bencfiiing (G. 159, n. 2). — eirLp-eXeia: dative of respect 
 (G. 188, 1, N. 1). — c})LXwv (G. 175, 2). 
 
 Page 33. — tw irpoQ-up.eio-Oat : parallel in construction to rfj eirijieXeia 
 (G. 262, 2). — ravra takes up to Trepieivat, k. t, X. 
 
 25. ol'vov (G. 167, 4). — tijji.!,-8€6is (Sew, to luant). — oi'irw 8-1*1 iroXXoC XP^- 
 vov, not for a long time (G. 179, 1), lit. not as yet now within a long time. 
 — Sti . . . eTTiTvxoi represents lire'Tvxov, k. t. X., in the words of Cyrus 
 (G. 243) ; but the next .sentence gives the actual words of the messenger, 
 who in delivering the gift would say : Kvpos oiJirw Zr\ iroXXov . . . erreVvxev • 
 tovtov olv o-oi '^ireixxl/e, k. t. X. Cf. the last half of § 26, tovtois ijo-eT] Kv- 
 pos- povXexai, k. t. X. — cKmeiv, to drink it up (lit. oat): cf. Germ, aus- 
 trinken. — a-vv ots (G. 153, N. 1). 
 
 26. Tifx^PpwTovs : der. ? — T]p.i<rea, JwJvcs (G. 139, 1). — em-XeYeiv, to say 
 in addition (to presenting the gifts), to add. — tovtwv ^eiJO-acrQai., to take a 
 taste of (note the force of the aorist) these (G. 171, 2). 
 
 27. €8iJvaTO : there is some MS. authority for 8b'vaiTo. See G. 233, 
 N. 1, and Moods and Tenses, § 62, N. 1. — 8ia-'rr€|Jt'Tr«v : force of 8id ?— «s 
 }ii\ d-ywo-iv : subj. of purpose after a secondaiy tense (G. 216, 2). The stu- 
 dent will note that a clause of negative purpose can be introd. either by the 
 simple fjiTJ, or by (jlt] preceded by I'va, a>s, Sttws, the meaning in both cases 
 being simply tMt not, lest. Cf. the examples under G. 216, 1. 
 
 28. irXeio-Toi, very many. — jjieXXoLev 6\j/eo-0a,i : see i. 8. 1, and note. — 
 coTTovSaio-Xo-yeiTO, he engaged in earnest conversation (with them), a denom. 
 verb(G. 130, 2) der. from (nro\j8aios and Xe'-yw, and o-7rov8aios from o-itouSti, 
 o-irevJSu) (G. 129, 12). — tos hr(KoLv^ oi)sTi|xa (niia imXic.) , that lie might slvu- 
 
48 XENOPHON. 
 
 (G. 216, 1) tvliom he honored (G. 248, n., end). The purpose in his own 
 mind was, tbs StjXw (subj.) ovs ti|1(S (indie). — k% cov a.Kovui, from what I 
 hear : cf. ascovei in i. 3. 20, and note. — 'EXXtivwv, Pappdpwv : with ovSe'va. 
 
 29. TOVTov, ToSc : difi'. of use ? — 8ovXo-u ovtos, though he was a slave. 
 Cf. i. 7. 3. — 'TTXr]v : conj. Cf. i. 8. 25. — Kal ovtos . . . evpe : the order is, 
 Kai OVTOS Si] rayy evpe avTov ov w^to, k. t. \. Cf. i. 6. 3. For ol, see 
 G. 144, 2. — (jjiXaiTcpov : for the more common ^iXrepov (G. 73, 1, 10). — 
 vrr avTOv : the King. — dYaiTwjAcvoL : d"yaTrdw is properly to show by out- 
 ward signs that one regards ; <j)i-Xe'w (§ 28, end), on the other hand, is used 
 of the love of friends. — rvyx^vnv av is quoted after vojii'^ovTcS (G. 246) : 
 the j)rotasis lies in ovt6s = el iir\<ra.v (G. 226, 1). 
 
 30. TO avTw 7€v6}j.€vov, tvhat ha-pjieoied to him, sc. co-tl : T€-<|xi^piov is 
 pred. — Toiis . . . (BefJaiovs : the article is expressed but once, because the 
 writer is speaking of a single class of persons possessing all the qualities 
 mentioned, those ivho ivere faithful, well-disposed, and constant. 
 
 31. o-uv-Tpdire^oi : cf. op-oTpdire^oi in i. 8. 25. — vTre'p, over, in hehalf of 
 (G. 191, IV. 3, 1 h). — TCTa^ixeVos : what use of the part.? Explain the 
 use also of ireirTWKOTa in the next line. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 StnopsIo : The head and right hand of Cyrus are cut off ; the King falls upon 
 his camp, and tho troops of Ariaeus flee (1). The camp is pillaged, except 
 where a few of the Greeks, who liave been left on guard, make a successful 
 stand (2, 3). Both armies proceed as if victorious, the Greeks pursuing, the 
 Persians plundering (4) ; but when they discover one another's movements, the 
 King collects his forces, and Clearchus consults with Proxenus (5). Tlie King 
 is seen approaching ; but instead of making an attack upon the rear of the Greek 
 army, as is expected, he leads off his troops to the left (6), joined by Tissaphcr- 
 nes, who has charged through the Greek lines (7, 8). The Greeks fall back upon 
 the river (9). The King draws up his troops opposite, but is again put to flight 
 (10, 11). His cavalry rally uj)on a hill, but on the approach of the Greeks aban- 
 don this also (12, 13). Clearchus sends a scout upon the hill to report their 
 movements (14), wlio brings back word that they are flying at the top of their 
 speed (15). The Greeks abandon tlie pursuit, and wonder at the absence of 
 Cyrus (16). They resolve to return to their camp (17); but finding this plun- 
 dered, they encamp siqjperless for the night (18, 19). 
 
 Page 34:. — 1. The narrative is resumed from Chap. viii. — diroTciiveTai 
 . . . Se^id : a Persian custom. In iii. 1. 17 it is stated that the head and 
 hand of Cyrus were exposed to view ftxed on a stake. — diroTe'ixveTat, 8iw- 
 K«v, elo-7riirT€i : note and explain the number and agreement of these words. 
 — KvpcLov : an adj. in place of the more common poss. gen. Kvpov. — o-Tpa- 
 ToircSov : merely the place where they had halted in the hurry of the un- 
 expected engagement (i. 8. 1 sq.). — ol [ACTa 'Apiaiov, Ariaeus and those 
 with him, like the phrase oi d|x<f>l Ticrcra^e'pvriv, iii. 5. 1 : (JL€Td 'Aptaiou 
 xm\}[\iMi participa,tlon (G. 191, VI. 3, 1), but o-uv awTcu above implies accoiu- 
 
 ^ 
 
ANABASIS 1, X. 49 
 
 panimcnl (G. 191, II. 2). — ?v0ev copfiT^vTo : on the mornin;:^ of the hattle. It 
 will be remernbertHl that the battle was fought on the afternoon of the third 
 day (i. 7. 20) after the midnight review mentioned in i. 7. 1, and that this 
 review was held on the night after the third day's mai-ch from Pylae. Cf. 
 note on IvtcvGcv, i. 7. 1. — TtTxapcs . . . 68ov, and the distance was said to 
 he four parasangs, lit. there loere said to he four parasangs of the road. 
 
 2. iroXXd : pred., to a great amount. — t^v 4>a)Kai8a . . , dv<xi, the Pho- 
 caean woiium, tlie concubine (G. 137) of Cyrus, icho teas said (tv,v . . . Xf^o- 
 fi.«'vT]v = 1^ . . . kkiyero : G. 276, 2 ; 137) to be, etc. Athenaeiis says ihat 
 she was first named Milto, and afterwards Aspasia. Fhoeaea was a city of 
 Ionia. See the map, — Xap,{3dv£i : with pacriXevs, above. 
 
 3. T| v€«T€pa, the younger (of the two). — "yvp.vT|, lightly clad, without her 
 mantle. — t«v 'EXXtjvwv : sc. nvas (a rare omission). — Iv tois {rK€vo(j)opoLs 
 (nent.), i. e. among the baggage. — BirXa ?x°^'''^s, under arms, standing 
 guard (G. 279, 4). — Kal dvTiTax6ivT€S (sc. outci). — ol h\ Kal avrwv, and 
 some also of their ozvn nuviber : ol Se is correl. to iroXXo-iis p.€v. C"f. note on 
 TO, fte'v in i. 9. 6. — evrbs a-uTuv, ivithin their lines. — e-ye'vovro : plural from 
 the influence of dvGpwTrot. 
 
 4. dXXT|XcDv : why gen. ? — oi"EXXT]ves : the main body. — ol fxe'v : refer- 
 ring chiastically (see note on dvaPatvci . . . dve'pT] in i. 1. 2) to of EXXT|ves. 
 — «S irdvTas vtK(3vT€S, thinking that they iccre victorious over all {(}. 277, 
 N. 2), but below, (is . • . vlkc«>vt€s, thinking that now they v:ere all victorious. 
 
 5. This entire section consists of four clauses arranged chiastically, 
 1) referring chiefly to the Greeks, 2) chiefly to the King, 3) to the King, 
 and 4) again to the Greeks. — cit] : why opt. ? — TL<ro-&(})e'pvous : stationed 
 at the King's extreme left (i. 8. 9), he had charged through the right of the 
 Greeks and joined the King in the camp of Cyrus in the rear v§ 7). — 
 VIKW6V, ol'xovTtti: one verb changed to the opt. by quot., the other not; for 
 which see Moods and Tenses, § 70, 2, Eem. 1, end. Cf. also G, 247, N. 1. — 
 •n-Xrio-iaiTaTos : comparative how formed ? (G. 71, N. 2). — ire'iiirciev, l'oi€v : 
 in the direct cpiestions, ire'fjnrwp.ev, l'w|Aev; (G. 256 ; 244). For el . . . ii, 
 introducing the double indirect question, see G. 282, 5. 
 
 6. 8f]Xos ^v Trpo<rtwv: cf. SfjXos tjv dvitofievos in i. 2. 11, and note. — 
 (OS ISoKei oTTwrBev, i. e. apparently from their rear. — o-rpaAevTes, fftcing 
 about. It will be remembered that the two forces were somewhat more 
 than three miles apart (§ 4). — -n-apeo-KeudtovTo . . . 8t^d|i€voi, prepared 
 themselves icith a vieio to his advancing in this tcay (i. e. o-mo-Ocv) and to 
 their receiving {Mm .so): ws (G. 277, n. 2) belongs not only to 8€|6|xevoi 
 (part, of purpose), but also to irpoo-iovTos (part, of cause). irpoo-iovTos (sc. 
 avTov) is the genitive abs. ; Se^dp-evoi modifies ol "EXXt]V€S. See, further. 
 Moods and Tenses, § 111. —r\Z\. irapfiX0€v, k. t. X.: cf. i. 8. 23. The aor. 
 is a pluperfect in force. Cf. i. 1. 2. — dirti-yaYev, marched back. 
 
 Page 35, — 7. StT^Xao-e . . . TreXracrTds, charged alovg (irapd) the river 
 into (Kara) the Greek peltasts and through them. — SieXavvuv 86, and as he 
 drove through them. For the force stationed at the extreme right of Cyrus 
 when the battle began, see i. 8. 5. — ^iraiov: probably with their swords. 
 
50 XENOPHON. 
 
 — avTovs: the cavalry of Tissaphemes. — *A|i<j>nroXi'rr]s, of AmjjhipoUs, 
 an important Greek city on the Strymon in Thrace. — eXe'-yeTO . . . -yeveo-Sat, 
 was said to have proved himself (G. 260, 2) sagacious {to have shown his wis- 
 dom) by pursuing this course of tactics. 
 
 8. o5v, at any rate. Cf. i. 2. 12. — «s . . . airTjXXdyt], after he had 
 come q2f (note the force of the tense) with the worst of it, lit. having less. — 
 
 — TO TuJv 'EXXtjvwv (G. 142, 2). — iijxov irdXiv iTropgvovxo, proceedjed hack 
 together. 
 
 9. TO €vwvv}jLov : the historian has the position of the Greeks when the 
 battle began in mind, their right then resting on the river. They had now 
 faced about (o-Tpa<|)€VT€S, § 6). — |xt| irpoo-d'yoiev, KaraKovj/etav : why opt. ? 
 
 — dvaTrTvo-o-eiv to Ke'pas : lit. to fold baxk the icing. The object was to 
 bring their line parallel to the river. At present they are at right angles to 
 it. For the const, of cSokci dvairTvo-o-eiv, cf. i. 3. 11, and note, and with 
 dvaiTT-uo-o-tiv, to fold back, cf. irepiirTvo-o-eiv, to fold about, enfold, above. 
 
 10. ipovXevovTo: before the Greeks had even begun to change their 
 position, while they were as yet simply planning it, the King was already 
 executing relatively the same manceuvre, with the intention of presenting 
 his front to the river. This shows that the apprc-hension of the Greeks, 
 mentioned in § 9, ^Seicrav . . . KaraKoij/stav, was well grounded. It is not 
 implied by k^ovk^vovro that the Greeks did not subseijuently effect their 
 change of position. — Kal 8t| . . . o-uvijsi, the King in truth also, changing 
 his line of battle to the same form (i. e. Tois"EXXTioriv), stationed it opjjosite, 
 just as ai first he had met them for battle. — ovxas, irapaTcTa-YiAe'vors : what 
 use of the participles ? — aSOts : see the description of the first charge of 
 the Greeks in i. 8. 17 sq. — to irpoo-Oev ; adverbial accusative (G. 160, 2). 
 Cf. TO irpaJTOv, above. 
 
 11. €K irXeiovos, ichen at a greater distance from them.. — Itt-cSlwkov : note 
 the force of the preposition. — kw|xt]s tlvos : possibly Cunaxa (Kov'va^a), 
 the village near which, as Plutarch says, the battle was fought. 
 
 12. dveo~rpd<|)T)o-av, rallied. — ire^oi (without article), predicate, sc. 6vt€S. 
 The const, changes at twv 8e iirirewv, where we should expect iirireis Se, «v 
 6 Xd({>os, K. t. X. — t«v . . . eveTrXT|x9r| : the passive of the construction ex- 
 plained in G. 172, 2. — to iroiovjievov : to "yiyvoixevov is more common in 
 this sense. — |itj "YfYVvoo-Keiv : sc. rovs ' EXXr-vas. — derov . . . dvareTajie'vov, 
 (probably) a kind of (Tivd) golden eagle, with icings extended, perched 07i a 
 bar of wood (and raised) upon a lance. TreXxr], whicli commonly means 
 a shield or target, is also used for 8opv or \6y\i\ ; and IttI |uXov may refer to 
 a horizontal piece of wood on which the eagle was perched. So ItI |-uXou 
 Ka8eij8€Ls, roost like afoivl, Aristoph. Nub. 1-431. The ^vXov with the eagle 
 was then raised on the point of a lance (lul -ireXTT]). In tlie Cyrop. vii. 1. 4, 
 the Persian standard is called derbs )(^p-uo-o{is eirl Sopaxos jxaKpov dvareTa- 
 |i6vos. Curtius, iiL 3. 16, calls it auream aquilam pinnas extendenti 
 similem. 
 
 13. ivravQa: for IvTavGot, just as we use here or there in the sense of 
 hither or thither. — dXXoi dXXoOev, so77ie from one part (of the hill), others 
 
 \ 
 
ANABASIS 2, i. 51 
 
 from another, or, as we slionld say, some in one direction, others in another. 
 
 — Twv l-n-irewv : witli €\|/iXoi)TO, ivas cleared of the horsemen. Cf. twv i'Tt- 
 ireW evcTrXrio-OTi in § 12. — reXos : cf. i. 9. 6. 
 
 14. v-jt' aviTov, a^ the foot of it. — Kar-iSovxas: note the prepo.sition. 
 Page 36. — ti to-rtv : in what other mood might the verb have been ? 
 
 What case of the same sort is there in the next section ? 
 
 15. orxeSov . . . riv, i. e. and about this time. 
 
 16. 0€'p.€vot TOL 'ottXo. : see note on i. 5. 14. — <j)aivoiTo, irapetT] : optative 
 in a causal sentence (G. 250, n. ). — TtSv-qKora: cf. ircTrTtoKoxa in i. 8. 28. 
 
 — SLtoKovra ol'x€(r9ai, had gone (G. 246) in pursuit (G. 279, 4, n.). — 
 KaTaXi]i|/op.cvdv ti irpocX-qXaKe'vat, had inishcd on (give the direct form) to 
 take possession of (G. 277, 3) something. 
 
 17. €1 &701VT0 i] diriotev : cf. cL irtji-n-oiev 9i I'oiev in § 5, and note. — 
 BopTTT^o-Tov, siq^pcr-timc (although they went sup2)erlcss, § 19) : derived I'rom 
 86pirov, which in Homer is the common name for the afternoon or evening 
 meal, Lat. coena, the chief meal of the day. In the primitive Homeric 
 times there were two regular meals, &pio-Tov, an early meal, breakfast, and 
 Sopirov, a late meal, supijcr. Either could be called Sttirvov, which in Attic 
 Greek meant the cliief meal of the day, and as this came late in the after- 
 noon, Setirvov took the place of the older name SopTrov. Cf. d.-Sctirvoi in 
 § 19. Tlie Attic ixpia-rov was a midday meal, lunch, or dinner. 
 
 18. 8iT]pira(r|X£'va (G. 279, 1). — €i ti . . . fjv, whatever there was to eat or 
 drink (ttotov, verbal adjective from ir(v«). — |j.€<rTds : yiredicate adjective, 
 sc. ovo-as, {that had been) full (G. 204, n. 1). tois dfj.d|as and the toCto 
 that is to be understood as the antecedent of the clause ei ti . . . fjv are, 
 along Avith Ta irXeio-Ta, objects of KaTaXa[ipdvov<ri. — el Xdpoi (G. 248, N.). 
 
 — ufia^ai : predicate to fjo-av, avTai being the subject. — Kal TavTas . . . 
 SiTip-rrao-av : this is partly a repetition of what has already been expressed 
 in SiTipirao-fie'va. — totc : see § 2. 
 
 19. dSenrvoi -^jo-av • -^jo-av dvdpi<rTOt : what is such an arrangement of 
 the parts of a sentence called ] Note also the case that follows, KaTaXvcrat 
 Ti> (TTpdTevjjLa, Pao-iXevs ItpdvT]. Cf., concerning the fact stated in irplv ^dp 
 . . . l<j)dvTi, i. 8. 1, and note. — ^iv : correlative to 8e in ii. 1. 2. 
 
 BOOK SECOND. 
 
 Negotiations avith the King. — Conclusion of a Treaty. — Begin- 
 ning OF THE March Homeward. — Treacherous Seizure of the 
 Five Generals. — Their Characters. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Synopsis : The preceding Book is reviewed in outline (1). At daybreak the 
 generals meet and express sm-prise that Cyrus neither appears himself nor sends 
 
52 . ■ XENOPHON. 
 
 them orders. Tliey resolve to march forward and meet him (2) ; but just at sun. 
 rise messengers bring word that he is dead, and that Ariaeus proposes to set out 
 on the next day'for Ionia (3). The Greeks are afflicted at the death of Cyrus, 
 but, accepting the facts, send Avord to Ariaeus that they will make him king (4). 
 Chirisophus and Menon go back with tlie messengers (5). Clearchus awaits their 
 return, and the troops slaughter the beasts of burden for food (6). Heralds ar- 
 rive from the King (7), who announce that he commands the Greeks to give up 
 their arms and sue at his gates for favor (8). Clearchus, replying briefly, leaves 
 the rest to answer while he returns to conclude a sacrifice (9). Various replies 
 are made, some threatening, otliers conciliatory (10-14). Clearclius returns 
 and shrewdly asks the advice of Phallnus, one of the lieralds and himself a 
 Greek, hoping that he will advise them not to surrender (15-18). But he rei^lies 
 that they have no chance for life except from the King's mercy (19). Clearchus 
 contemptuously replies that they will keep their arms (20). Phalinus then in- 
 forn)s them that the King will consider that a truce exists between himself and 
 tliem, as long as they remain wliere they are ; but otherwise, war (21). Clearclius 
 bids lum report that this is a satisfactory arrangement (22), but refuses to give 
 any intimation of his intentions (23). 
 
 1. The first section of Book 11. , and the similar introductions prefixed 
 to most of the following books, are generally supposed to be the work of an 
 editor who divided the Anabasis into books. — cos ... lorTpaTe-ucTO : the 
 first of five indirect questions, subjects of SeSriXcoTai. — oSv : to introduce 
 the recapitulation. — Kvpw: dative of advantage (G. 184, 3), not of the 
 agent. — €KoiHT|9T)(rav : Koifidw, to put to sleep, is akin to K€i|JLai. — to. 
 wdvTa, at all 2'>oints (G. 160, 2). Why is the subject of viKav omitted ? 
 (G. 134, 3). — viKav : their thought was, viK«|xev, we have conquered {are 
 victorious), a pres. with an ap])roac]i to the signif. of the perf. (3Ioocls and 
 Tenses, § 10, N. 4). — ?}JtTrpo(r0€v (G. 141, n. 3). — Xo-yw, narrative, 1. e. in 
 Book 1. 
 
 2. &p.a Se Tv^ T|fjtc'pa : cf. i. 7. 2, and reference. For Se, see note on [liv 
 in i. 10. 19 : the editor above-mentioned (note on § 1) probably used the 
 [liv at the beginning of § 1 without noticing the preceding sentence. 
 
 Page 37. — on Trejjnroi, <{>aivoiTO : cf. the opt. in i. 10. 16, and note. — 
 <rr| jiavoiivTa : what does the part, express? — els to irpdo-Oev : cf. i. 10. 5. 
 — 'i(as o-v[i[xi^€tav : optative in a dependent clause by quotation (G. 248, 3). 
 What other mood might w^e have had, and why ? What would then be 
 added to ^ws ? 
 
 3. €v 6p|Jif| ovTCDV, wJien they (sc. avrwv and cf. i. 2. 17) wei^e on the point 
 of starting. — tiXiw: the names of the heavenly bodies, like proper names, 
 may omit the article. Cf. rjXios in i. 10. 15. — IIpoKXfis : of the tliird dec. 
 (G. 52, 2, N. 3). — TtvQpavtas : a town and district in Mysia. — "ye-yovws, 
 descended from,. — Aa[iapa,Tou, Damardtus, a Spartan king, deposed in 
 491 B. c, who settled in southwestern Mysia. See a diet, of biography. — 
 rXovs: mentioned in i. 4. 16. He had now gone over to Artaxerxes. For 
 Tamos see i. 2. 21, and note. — tcOvt^kcv might have been TeOvTjKoi (G. 243): 
 cf. the optatives that follow, cI'tj, Xcyoi, ^aiT]. — o-TaBjiw: cf. i. 10. 1. — 
 
ANABASIS 2, i. 53 
 
 50€V = e| ov. — Ti[i€pav (G. 161). — tripL[ulveiiv fi.v . . . pieXXoiev : in the 
 dir. form (G. 24.7), irtpip^tvaiixi dv avTovs, d fxe'XXoucriv fJKetv ((r. 'J27, 1). 
 
 — TT) fiXXt], 071 the next da;/. — dirie'vai (G. 200, N. ob) ^air\ : cf. with Xt'voi 
 5ti, k. t. X., above, and see G. 2(3U, N. 1. — tirl 'Iwvtas, i/i ^/tc direction of 
 Ionia (G. 191, VI. 2, 1 a). 
 
 4. aKovo-avTes oi orTpaT-rj-yol Kal ot dXXoi "EXXt]V€S Trvv0av6p.€voi : 
 chiastic. — ' AXXct ; often begins a speech opposed to one tliat precedes. 
 Cf. i. 7. 6. — w(})€X€ . . . ^f]v, loould that Cyras were living (G. 251, 2, n. 1). 
 How else might the thought have been expressed ? — viKwfjiev : cf. tlic note 
 on § 1, and cf. also § 8, § 9, and § 11. — cl p,Ti ^Qin, eiropevojitOa &v : the 
 prot. referring to the past, the apod, to the i)resent (G. 222). — KaGLciv, see 
 KaQi^w (G. 110, II. N. 1 c). — T£ov VLKwvTwv : predicate genitive of possession 
 (G. 169, 1). — TO &px€tv : subject infinitive with the art. (G. 259, n.). 
 
 5. TttvTa: W'hy did the Greeks use the plural, and why do we translate 
 by the singular ? — tovs dY^e'Xovs : Procles and Glus, § 3. — Kal -ydp : cf. 
 i. 1. 6, and note. 
 
 6. oi p,€'v : asyndeton. See note on i. 2. 4, and cf. i. 2. 25. — 8ira)s, as, 
 = ws- — ^liXois, for fuel (G. 137, N. 4). — (xiKpbv . . . ov, going forward a 
 short distance (G. \QV) frorti the main body, to where, etc. — oIo-tois, arrows, 
 dei'ived from the root that appears in ol'<rw, the future of (|>ep(i>. Lit. then 
 olo-Tos is that which is borne or shot. — fivd-yKa^ov: had cov^Jelled: cf. 
 €TroiT](r€ in i. 1. 2, with note, and cTroXiopKei, <rvv€TroX€p,€i in i. 4. 2. — toi»s 
 avTojJLoXovvTas : cf. 1. 10. 6. — <|>€p€or0aL ^pTjjjioi, left to be carried away, 
 i. e. for fuel (G. 265). See Moods and Teiises, § 97, n. 1, end. — Kpe'a : ob- 
 ject of both partici2:)le and verb. 
 
 Page 38. — 7. Kal ^hr\ . . . d-yopdv : cf. i. 8. 1, and note. — ot |X€V ilX- 
 Xoi : in apposition to KT^pvKcs. We should expect els 8' avrwv 4»aXivos 
 "EXXtiv to follow. — pdppapoi: predicate to Svtcs to be supplied. — lvTip.cos 
 ^X'^v, to be in honor. Cf. note on cvvoikws 'ixo^-iv, i. 1. 5. — ciricrTTifiwv : 
 deiivation ? — twv dfJi4>l Td^eis = twv raKTiKcov. For the case, see G. 182, 2. 
 
 — 6TrXo-p,axtav, the art of fighting in heavy armor (G. 131, 1). 
 
 8. 8ti . . . d7a0dv : what changes of mood are possible in this sentence ? 
 (G. 247) : Xe'vovo-iv has the force of an historical tense (G.201, Rem.).— 
 viK»v : what use of the part.? Cf. also note on vtKdv in § 1. — irapaSdv- 
 Tas : for the relation of this part, to the following lovras €vp£o-K€o-0aL, cf. 
 note on v-iroXaPwv in i. 1. 7. — €voL<rK€or0ai . . . d7a0dv, to seek to get what- 
 ever (lit. if any) favor they could (G. 223). 
 
 9. Paplws, with anger. — 8[jlws : Clearchus, though himself angiy, never- 
 theless, etc. — €1't) : why opt. ? — ?<f)T], continued he. — 8 ti : cogn. ace. to 
 d-TTOKpivao-Oai to be supplied Avith ^X^tc. — fj|a), icill return. Cf., as to 
 meaning, eX0dvT£s in § 1. — {{-n-ws . . . e^T|pT]p,€va, that he might sec the en- 
 trails {after they had been) taken out. — 0udfji£vos : why middle ? 
 
 10. irp6o-6€v ^ irapaSoiev : irpdo-Oev -1^ (where irpiv might have been used) 
 with the opt. (G. 240, with N. ; 232, 4). There is no change of mood in 
 quoting what Cleanor said (G. 245 ; 247, N. 3). — 0avp.dta), should like to 
 know. — TTOTcpa . . . ^•. double indirect question (G. 282, 5). — ds KpaxcSv : 
 
54 XENOPHON. 
 
 force of ws ? — i] os • • . Swpa, o?' as gifts (G. 137, n. 4) on the alleged (ws) 
 ground of friendship, as if he had said ws <|)lXos wv. — t£ . . . IXOovra, v:hy 
 should he ask for them and {why should he) not (ov, not |it|) covie and take 
 them ? — ireicras, by ^Jc?-s«<asio?i, opp. to cos Kparoiv. — rL 'io-rox . . . X^P^~ 
 (Ttovrai : cf. i. 7. 8, ti . . . KpaT^qo-wo-iv. 
 
 11. irpbs TttOra, in reply to this. — avrw: with avTiiroiciTai (G. 186, 
 N. 1). — ^(TTiv : why accented ? — a-pxfjs : causal genitive (G. 173, 1, n. 2). 
 
 — eavTov : pred. gen. of poss. (G. 169, 1). — 1^^<^X\ ''"11 X^P?- • ^^- H^c'o'O'" tcv 
 irapaSeto-ou in i. 2. 7, and note. — ovBi : the ov goes with 8i)vai<r0€ dtv, the 
 8e' (even) with cl . . . {)(jliv. — irapexot : sc. cLTroKTetvai. 
 
 12. €1 |XT), except, after a neg. Cf. i, 4. 18 ; i. 5. 6. — ^x°vt€S = d <^\o\-- 
 jji€v (G. 226, 1). — &v : with xp^lo-Gat (G. 246). So the dv that follows 
 belongs to o-TepT|0-f]vai, and Trapa8ovT€s = el Trapa8otp,€v. 
 
 Page 30. — p-TJ : the neg. with the imperative is always \ii\ (G. 283, 2). 
 
 — irapaSwcretv : sc. i^|xds as subject, which would have been expressed if 
 TJjxiv had not preceded. 
 
 13. 'AWd . . . dxapio-Ttt : ironical. On *AXXd, see § 4. When Phalinus 
 calls him a "philosopher," he means to stigmatize his remarks about dpexTJ 
 and d-yaOd as unpractical. The literal meaning of <j)iX6-o-o<f>os ? — wv, that 
 ymc are (G. 280). — irepiyivia-Qai dv, could (under any circumstances) prove 
 superior [G. 246; 226, 2 &). — 8wd(X€«s : case (G. 175, 2). 
 
 14. ^t^ao-av : Xenophon writes as if he had not himself been present. 
 
 — Xe'YeLV : cf Xc'-ysiv in i. 9. 23, and note. — viro-|xaXaK!.^o[JLe'vo\)s, losing 
 courage somewhat (vird). The underlying word is p,aXaKos, soft. For iitto, 
 see G. 191, VI. 7, end. — xl (G. 188, 1, n. 2) : cf. i. 3. 18, ^and note. — 
 o-u-yKaTao-Tpe'tj/aivT dv : serving loosely as an apodosis to the first protasis 
 also, €'iT€ Ge'Xoi, but belonging more fitly to the second. 
 
 15. cl, whether (G.. 282, 4). — d-iroKeKpuJievoi etev : periphrastic perfect 
 (G. 118, 1). Why opt. ? — OvToi: in partitive appos. to the phrase dXXos 
 dXXa (G. 137, n. 2). — dXXos dXXa, some one thing, others another, lit. an- 
 other other things. Cf. dXXoi dXXtos in i. 6. 11, and dXXoi dXXoOev in i. 10. 
 13, and the notes. — Xe'-yeis, mean, intend. 
 
 16. The sparring that follows to the end of the chapter shows much 
 Greek humor. — do-p,€vos (G. 138, N. 7). — oljxai. . . . TrdvTss, and all the 
 rest also, I think. otp.ai is parenthetic and does not affect the construction, 
 
 — Tjp.€is : sc. "EXXt|V€'s €o-(i€v. — 'Trpd"Y}xao-i : cf. i. 1. 11. 
 
 17. 6 Ti : the antecedent of this word is a cogn. ace. to o-ufiPovXevcrov, 
 give lis whatever advice, etc. — ^ireira: to be how construed ? — Xe^dp-cvov 
 (by conjecture for dvaXc-ydp-evov), 8ti <l>aXiv6s, k. t. X.: when rcjmrfed. as 
 follows, viz. '■^Phalinus once,'' etc. (G. 241, 2, Note). — <rv[jtPovXex)op,€'vois 
 KTWi^ovkivo-iv : why a diff'erence in voice ? The same distinction above. — 
 Td8€, the following advice (G. 148, n. 1), would be followed by the actual 
 advice, if the report should ever be made in Greece. What sort of an accu- 
 sative is rdSe ? — 8ti dvd^KT] (sc. lorri), tJiat it is inevitable. 
 
 18. {nr-Tj-yeTo, craftily (vird) suggested this. — €V€Xiri8€s : declined lik* 
 IXiris (G. Q'o, N. 3). — {iiro-o-Tpe'il/as, turning adroitly, avoiding the trap. — ■ 
 irapd T^jv Sd^av avrov, contrary to what he had exp)ccted{Gr. 191, YI. 4, 3 c?). 
 
ANABASIS 2, ir. o5 
 
 19. €1 . . . eoTi, if you have one chance in fen thousand [G. 77, 2, n. 3*^). 
 
 — (TwGfivai: limits IXirts, to be supplied with fila tis (O. 261, 1). In the 
 senoiul line below, the noun (rwTTjpias is used in tlie same sense. — dKovros : 
 used almost like o. participle. Cf. i. 3. 17, and note. 
 
 Page 40. — 20. irpbg ravra : cf. § 11. — *A\Xd: cf. § 4, and note. — 
 Tavra : cf. with rdSe in the next line (G. 148, K. 1). Cf. also § 21, be- 
 ginning. — Tijiets: emphatic, opposing what the Greeks thought to what the 
 King had demanded (§ 8). — dvai : sc. Ti|ids as subj. — irXcuovos (G. 178, 
 N.), — ^x.ov'^^S : a second protasis (G. 226, 1) to dv ttvai, which is quoted 
 (G. 246) : see note on ^x.ovt€S and irapaSovres in § 12. 
 
 21. avTov : adv. — on . . . €LT]crav, tluit there was (not ivould be) a truce, 
 etc., the direct form being (ie'voucri (partic, sc. vjjttv, = ^v \Livr\Tt) <nrov- 
 8ai da-iv, there is a truce for ijou (i. e. for you to depend on), if you remain 
 ((t. 223). See § 22, "Hv (j,ivw}i.€V. Cf. below, o-irovSat elo-iv alter picvciTe. — 
 clVaTe : imperative of the first aor. eiTra, not of the second aor. tVrcov. See 
 the lexicon, and the Appendix to G. , s. v. eliirov. — Trorepa . . . ii : cf. § 10. 
 
 — cos . . . d-yyeXco, shall I announce from you that there is tear? lit. assum- 
 ing that there is ivar, shall I announce it from you? (G. 280, N. 4, ex.). 
 
 22. ravrd : not raira. — direp : sc. 8oK€t. — d-n-eKptvaTO : note the as}' n- 
 deton. — o-TrovSai : sc. clcriv (see note on § 21). 
 
 23. 6 Tt Tronf)<rot (indirect quest.): the fut. opt. is never used except as 
 the representative of the fut. indicative in indirect discourse (G. 203, n. 3). 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Synopsis : Phalinus departs ; and Chirisophus and a messenger return from 
 Ariaeus, who refuses to be made king, and again tells the Greeks that lie shall 
 set out early next morning (1). Clearchus declines to say whether they will join 
 him or not (2). At sunset he tells the generals and captains that the sacrifices 
 were extremely favorable for joining Ariaeus (3), and gives directions how tliey 
 shall proceed (4). From this time on, Clearchus assimies virtual command (5). 
 Computation of distances (6). Miltocythes deserts to the King (7). The Greeks 
 join Ariaeus about midnight, and give and receive pledges of good faith (8, 9). 
 Ariaeus shows that it Avill not do for them to return as they came (10, 11), and 
 adds that at first they must make their marches as long as possible (12). At 
 daybreak tliey begin their march northward (13). In the afternoon they think 
 they see the enemy's cavalry (14) ; but scouts bring back word that what they 
 see are only beasts of burden, and it is concluderl that the King is encamping 
 near by (15). Clearchus nevertheless advances straight on, and encamps in cer- 
 tain villages (16). In the darkness and confusion the Greeks make much noise 
 and frighten the enemy (17), of whom, on the next day, no traces are to be seen 
 (IS). During the night the Greeks also suffer a panic (19). Clearchus by a 
 stratagem siicceeds in quieting them, and at daybreak they again fall mto line 
 (20, 21). 
 
 1. avTOv irapd 'Apiaico : cf. avrov lirl tov iroTafiov in iv. 3. 28. Glus 
 also remained: cf. ii. 1. 3, 5. -- ^t-yov, ^a.\.T\ : the first takes a clause with 
 
56 XENOPHON. 
 
 8ti, the second the inf. (G. 260, n. 1). — PeXrtovs, of higher rank. — ovs 
 ovK dv dvao-x.€'<r0ai : for ot ovk &v dvacrxoivTo, a lel. clause with the inf. by 
 assimilation (G. 260, 2, N. 2). — avxov Pao-iXevovros : pred. part, after a 
 verb of enduring (G. 279, 1). Tor the case see G. 171, 2. Cf. further 
 Moods and Tenses, § 112, 2, n. 2. — dXX' el, k. t. X.: a change to the direct 
 discourse. — "fiST], immediately. — cl 8c \ii\, other-wise, i. e. if you do not 
 come, = Idv h\ ^-^ -fJKTjTe. See § 2. In such alternatives, el h\ p.-q is reg- 
 ularly used in the second clause, even when a subjunctive or an affirmative 
 verb would be required if the ellipsis were supplied. See Moods and 
 Tenses, § 52, 1, n. 2. — avros (G. 138, N. 8), himsef, adj. pron. emphasiz- 
 ing the omitted subj. of dirie'vai, which is fut. in force (G. 200, N. 3 b). 
 
 2. ovTw : with ref, to what follows as well as to what precedes. — xp'fj 
 iroietv : sc. T||xds, referring to both Greeks and barbarians. — wcnrcp Xe'Y€T€ : 
 understand before this XP''1 'HH'O'S 'HKeiv tx^s vvktos. — el Se [jlt| : see note on 
 cl 8^ |iT| in § 1. — irpdTT€T€ is more animated than xpif| i)|ids irpdrTetv would 
 have been. — oirotdv ti: tI adds to the indefiniteness of oiroiov, whatsoever. 
 
 — ov8e', i. e. not even to the friendly barbarians, just as before he had sent 
 Phalinus off without satisfying him (ii. 1. 23, end). 
 
 3. U'vat : purpose (G. 265). Construe with ovk e-yi-yveTO, did not result 
 {favorably) for going. This phrase is interpreted by KaXd ^v at the end of 
 the section. — dpa, as it seerns. — kv fi€<ra>, between. Cf, i. 7. 6, and note. 
 
 — vavo-L-TTopos (G. 131, 1, N.). 
 
 Page 4:1. ■ — ov p,ev Zi\, nor yet indeed. — -ye : force ? — olov re : sc. ecrrCv, 
 is it 2)ossiblc (G. 151, N. 4^). — ^o-nv : accent ? 
 
 4. SeiTTveiv : explanatory of wSe iroLctv. The infinitive const, changes to 
 the imperative in o-vo-K€vd^€<r8€, k. t. X. Cf. irpaTTere in § 2, and note. 
 
 — <rT]fJLTjVT) : cf. lara.Xiny^e in i. 2. 17, and note. — a>s dvairaiieo-GaL (with 
 o-T] fxTivT)), sJiall give the signal for going to rest (G. 266, n. 1). — to Sevrc- 
 pov : cogn. ace. to <rr|(XTivT^ to be supplied. — dvariQeo-Ge: mid. (G. 199, 3). 
 
 — Iirl Tw TpiTtp, at the third signal. — tw T|"yov|xeva), tJie van (neut.) = tois 
 T|"yov|icvoLs. — irpds, towards : note that the genitive follows (G.191, VI. 6, 
 1 a), — rd dirXa = tovs oirXiTas. Cf. dorirts in i. 7. 1 0. 
 
 5. TO XoLirdv : adv. (G. 160, 2). — Set : sc. <j>pov€LV. 
 
 6. This entire section is thought by many to be an interpolation. — 
 dpiOfJLos rr\s 68ov, amount of the way, distance. — tt]? 'Itovias, in Ionia 
 (G. 167, 6). — lidxtis, scene of the battle, battle-feld. So below. — eXe'-yovTO 
 ttvai, there were said to be, it was said that there were. 
 
 7. cirel o-k6tos e^eveTo, when it became darJc (G. 134, N. 1 c). Cf. TjfJLt'pa 
 €7^vcTo in § 13, and 6^\ ^v in § 16. — €ls,a>s : cf. note on els in i. 2. 3. 
 
 8. Tots dXXois : dative (G. 184, 3) after Ti^eiTO in place of the genitive 
 (G. 171, 3). — KttTd Ta TrapT^-yyeXfie'va, in accordance with hvi previous in- 
 structions. For these see § 4. — irapd 'Apiaiov : Avhy ace. ? — [xeVas vvKTas : 
 cf. note on i. 7. 1. — ev ... SirXa, halting under arms in line of battle. 
 Cf i. 5. 14, and note. Ge'jjievoi modifies the following nominatives, the 
 officers being said to halt when they order their men to do so. — ot KpaTi- 
 o-Toi, the highest in rank. Cf. PcXtiovs in § 1, — n-i^Te . . . t^, not only not 
 
 ^; 
 
ANABASIS 2, ii. 57 
 
 . . . h^it also : the correlatives are merely re . . . t€. — irpoSwo-tiv, ^crto-Qai 
 f|YTi<r€<r0ai : quoted {G. 202, 3 a). — irpoor-wfiocrav, swore besides (G. 191, Vl. 
 6, end). 
 
 9. €15 do-iri8a, i. e. the blood was caught in the hollow of a shield. — ol 
 "EXXiives, ot pdpPapoi : subjects of b>p.o(rav. 
 
 10. eird 8^ TO, -irio-Ta kyivero, hut xchen the pledges had been given (aor. 
 with force of plup.); with the pledge here given (an oath and offering) cf. 
 ii. 3, 28, where the pledge is an oath and the giving and taking of the right 
 hand, and iv. 8. 7, where it is an oath and the exchange of spears. 
 
 Page 4:2. — TroTcpov ...■$]: how used ? — -fjvirep : sc. 686v, and for the 
 construction of this accu.sative with •S^XOop.cv, cf. note on 68dv in i. 2. 20. 
 
 11. aTTiovTcs : prot. = cl dirfoip.ev (G. 226, 1). — iravTeXws, uftrrhi, dcr. 
 from irav-TeXris (rtXos). — vtto Xijioii ; cf. i. 5. 5, and note. — virdpx€<' 'HK'tv, 
 tve liave to depend on: for the meaning of virdpxo), cf. note on i. 1. 4. — 
 ovSev Twv €iriTr|8eiwv, nothing in the way of provisions. — eTrraKai'SeKa •ydp : 
 ■ydp is doubly related, introducing not only a ground for TravTtXws . . . diro- 
 Xoip.€0a, but also one of the causes of virdpxti. • • . €'7rtTr,8€iajv. — o-Ta0p.wv : 
 the <rTa0p,ds is here looked upon as a period of time. Cf. for tlie case TiiiepaJv 
 in i. 7. 18. — e-yyvrdrw: adj. (G. 141, N. 3 ; 142, 2). — ^v0a, there — v\>v 
 8' €"irivoovp.€v, i. e. I and those with me. vvv Se corresponds to i^v p.€v -f^X- 
 0o|X€v, and t«v 8' . . . dTropT|crofx.€V to p.aKpoT€pav [le'v. — fiUKpoTcpav : so. 
 oScv ; cf. note on ilvircp in § 10. — l-iriTi^Sttwv : why genitive i 
 
 12. TTopEVTcov : sc. eo-xt (G. 281, 2). — o-Ta0p,ot)s: cognate ace. to iropeu- 
 Tcov, we must make our first marches, lit. march our first nvircJtcs. — ws 
 . . . fxaKpoTdrovs, as long as ]}ossible. Cf. note on i. 1. 6, and ws -rrXcio-Tcv 
 just below. (laKpOTaTous is predicate (cf. G. 142, 3). — diroo-iracrOwfjLev : 
 explain the accent and mood. — <rTpaT€ijp,aTos : why genitive? — ^-ira^: cf. 
 note on i. 9. 10. — 8vo : here indeclinable (G. 77, 1, N. 1). — Tuxepwv : gen. 
 of measure (G. 167, 3). — a.ir6(r\b)\iev: why subj.? — ovkc'ti \ii\ SvvTjrau: 
 emphatic fut. affirmation (G. 257). — o-TpaT€t»fi.aTt : dat. of accompaniment 
 (G. 188, 5), equiv. to edv 'iyy\ oXCyov o-TpdT€up,a, corresp. to iroXvv 8' ^x"V 
 
 (below) =edv ^XTl* — criraviet: fut. of cnravi'^w (G. 110, II. N. 1 c). — ^-ywye 
 is expressed for emphasis, and further emphasized by yi and by its position. 
 
 13. 'Hv 8vva|Ac'vT], amounted to, meant : ovZev dXXo 8uva|JL€'vT] stands like 
 a pred. adjective after ^jv, the expression differing little from eSvvaro. — 
 OTTpaTT^'yta, plan of operations. — dTro8pdvai ^ d'n-o<j>v"y6iv : cf. i. 4. 8, and 
 note. — Tov TJXiov, tjXio) : cf. note on -qXiw in ii. 1.3. — tovto : cf. k^iva-Qr] 
 TovTo in i. 8. 11, and note. 
 
 14. ?Ti 86, hut furthermore. — 8€iXtiv : cf. note on i. 8. 1, — twv 'EXXtj- 
 Vwv : depends on the omitted (indefinite) antecedent of ol' (G. 152). — ot p.T*| 
 ^Tvxov: a conditional relative clause (G. 232, 1 ; 231, end). 
 
 15. €lo-tv, vejiotTo : partial change of mood in quotation. Cf. note on 
 i. 10. 5. — lo-TpaToireSeveTo : irnpf. (not plup.), was encamping. — Kal -ydp 
 Ka£ : an unusual connection of particles, and {they were sure of this) for 
 smoke also, etc. 
 
 16. aTreipTiKoras, were weary, as pf. of aTr-a-yoptvo), to renounce, give up. 
 
58 XENOPHON. 
 
 grow weartj : the perf. dir-siptiKa, to have grown (and so to he) weary. Cf. 
 i. 5. 3. — ov . . . dir€K\iv€, he did not, limvever, even (8e in ovhi) t^irn aside, 
 much less retreat. 
 
 Page 43. — €vi6ir«pov, straight on, an uncommon word. — els : with ref. 
 to the 2:)revious marching into the villages. — Kal . . . |iJXa, even the very 
 timbers in {from) the houses (G. 191, n. 6). Cf. toiis Ik t«v iroXewv in i. 2. 
 3, and note. 
 
 17. i)|j,«s : notwithstanding the villages had been pillaged. — Tpoiro) rivi, 
 after a fashion. — o-Koraioi, in darkness (G. 138, N. 7). — irvy\avov : sc. 
 avXi^d|j.€VOL. — ojo-Tc oLKoiieiv, wo-Te '^<|)vyov : in the second case the result is 
 stated as an independent fact, rather than merely as a result (G. 266, 1 ; 237) 
 
 18. Kal Pao-iXeiJS, even the King, and not only ol €k twv (rKTjvwiJtdTwv 
 <})€VYovT€s. — ols (G. 153, with n. 1). 
 
 19. Tois "E\Xiq<ri : after the compound verb (G. 187). — clov: mascu- 
 line accusative, subject of yiyvio-Qai, q^ualem par est fieri. 
 
 20. TWV t6t€: sc. KTjpvKoiv. Homer says (Iliad v. 786) that Stentor (cf. 
 Eng. ste7itorian), the "brazen-voiced," was able to shout as loud as fifty 
 other men together. — toOtov : taking up ToXp.l8t]v. — to. S-rrXa : in a 
 Greek camp the arms (heavy shields and spears) were generally stacked in 
 one place. — 8ti XtjvJ/€tcu : cf. i. 6. 2, and note. — 8s &v |xi]vvo-t], XTJ\{/6Tai : 
 conditional relative sentence referring vividly to the future (G. 232, 3). — 
 rdXavTov dp-yvplov: cf. i. 7. 18. 
 
 21. €ls rd^iv rd SirXa Tt0€o-9ai, to get under arms in (lit. into) line of 
 battle. Cf. i. 5. 14, and note. — 'H'^'ep ^^X^^j J'-''^^ ^^ ^^^'^V 'W'cre (or stood). — 
 "h K-^XT) i' ^- ^^^^ battle of Cunaxa. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Synopsis : At sunrise the King sends heralds to propose a truce (1). Clear- 
 chus arranges the army so as to present the most formidable appearance, and, 
 coming forward (2, 3), asks what they want (4). He directs them to tell the 
 King that they must fight first, as the Greeks have liad no breakfast (5). The 
 heralds depart, but soon return with word that, if the truce (which is to be gen- 
 eral) should be concluded, the Greeks will be furnished provisions (6, 7). Cle- 
 archus thinks best to conclude the truce, and commands the heralds to lead the 
 way (8, 9). They come upon ditches and canals, over which they are obliged to 
 construct bridges (IC). Clearchus punishes those who loiter, and himself takes 
 part in the work (11), so that the older men also give their assistance (12). 
 Clearchns suspects that the King has flooded the plain with a pm^pose (13). 
 They arriv^e at certain villages where they procure provisions (14-16). They 
 remain here three days, and Tissaphernes comes to confer with them (17), and 
 says that he has asked the King to allow him to lead them back to Greece (18, 
 19), but that the King wishes to know why they took the field against him (20). 
 Clearchus explains how they were drawn into the expedition (21, 22), but says 
 that now, however, they wish simply to return (23). Tissaphernes reports this 
 to the King (21), and on the third day returns saying that the King consents to 
 his leading them home in safety (2,5). He swears on his part to do this faithfully 
 
ANABASIS 2, in. 59 
 
 and to furnish provisions ; and the Greeks swear to do no liarm to the country 
 on their way (26-28). Tissaphernes then goes back to tlie King, prunilsing to 
 return after completing his preparations (29). 
 
 1. "O . . . ^7pa\|/a: in 11. 2. 18. — rolSe, from what follows (G. 188, 1 ; 
 148, N, 1). — Tre'ji-irwv: sc. KT|pvKas (cf. ii. 1. 7). 
 
 2. Tovs 7f po4'v\aKas, tlic jjickcLs. — €J^t|tovv : diff'. in use between this 
 ■word and alrtw on the one hand and epwrdo) on the other ? — tv\mv, eirt- 
 o-KOTTwv : cdasslfy these partlc. — ctire, told. Cf. ^Xe-ye Gappeiv in i. 3. 8, and 
 note. — ^XP^ ^^ <rx.o\tt<rT) : on the principle of indirect discourse we might 
 luive &xpi crx^oXdcretc (G. 248, 3). 
 
 3. Kareo-T-qcre, had dnucii tip. — «<rT€ . . . irvKvi^v, so thcU it should be 
 (G. 266, 2) well arranged to be seen (G. 261, 2) cvcrjivhcre as a compact line 
 (i. e. to have this appearance in all parts). 
 
 Page 4:4:. — (JLT|8e'va : why not ouSt'va ? — etvai : in the same construction 
 with the preceding ^x^*"^- — ''"^j '^^' '• ^^^^ ^^^^ "^^ ^^ correlative to the Kai be- 
 fore Tois &XX01S ; the second, to the Kci£ before €v€i8«<rTdTovs. — tguto,, i. e. 
 irpoeXSeiv, K. t. X. 
 
 4. irpos, in front of (G. 191, VI. 6). — i]koi«v, had come, the direct form 
 is -fJKoiiev (G. 200, n. 3) dvSpes oiTives e(rdji£9a (G. 247, x. 1). See Moods 
 and Tenses, § 74, 1, x. 1, 
 
 5. fio-x-qs : genitive of want (G. 172, 1). — 6 toXixt^ctov, the man that will 
 da,re (G. 276, 2), subj. of the preceding ttmv. — [i.'] iroplo-as = elv ^^ iro- 
 pio-T) (G. 226, 1). — Notice ipurrov at both beginning and end of the last 
 sentence. 
 
 6. &: the antecedent is the preceding sentence, -^kov Ta.\<). — SoKotev, 
 ■f^Koitv: the direct discourse would show the person of each verb: clxdra 
 8oK6iT€ . . . Kttl ^KO(JL€V . . . ot d|ov<riv <!v9€V ^|eT€. — ot . . . eTTiTTJSeta, who 
 would conduct them (the purpose for which the guides were brought), if 
 there should be a truce, to a place (sc. excio-e) from which they would get (tlie 
 object in view) provisions. For this use of the fut. ind. witli relative wonls 
 (here ot and ^v9sv) to express purpose or object, see G. 236, with x. 3. For 
 the partial change of mood in the quoted sentence <)ti . . . liriTT^Seia, see 
 note on 8ti . . . PacriXei in § 4. 
 
 7. €L . . . cLTTioOo-iv, xchethcv he was maJcing a, truce merely (avxois) for 
 the men (as they were) coming and going, i. e. for the King's envoys. Tlie 
 direct question was o-TrevScfioA ...•$]... ^o-ovrai. — -tois dXXois (G. 1S4, 3 
 or 4). — Sia-y^cXOfj : why subjunctive ? Force of Slu. ? 
 
 8. (X€Tao-T7io-d}j,evos, had them retire, and, etc. (G. 191, VI. 3, en<l). — 
 ISoKa TToisro-Sai : cf. ISoKei iropcvecrOai in i. 2. 1, and note.— KaG' Tjcruxiav, 
 i. e. without being harassed by the enemy. Force of the suffix in tjcruxla l 
 — Iiri, after, in order to get, involving the idea of purpose, but below, in 
 § 9 at the end, irpos in the sense simply of to. 
 
 9. 8iaTpi^j/« (sc. xpovov). — diroSd^T) : why subj.? For the force of dird, 
 cf. dTo-v|fr;<j)t(r«vTai in i. 4. 15, and note. — icaipo's, proper time, whereas 
 Xpdvos is time in general. 
 
60 XENOPHON. 
 
 10. oi fjiev : correlated by KXe'apxos |jl€vtoi. — Td<f)pois: cf. for tlie case, 
 ols, i. 8. 1. — avXcoo-iv, canals. — a>s fir) SvvacrQai, so that they were not able, 
 «s with the inf. to express result (G. 266, N. 1). Cf. i. 5. 10, and note. — | 
 ciroioOvTo : sc. •Y€{|>i;pas. — fio-av eKireirTtoKOTes : periphrastic pluperfect (G, 
 118, 4), which makes the idea of bei7ig on the ground more prominent than 
 that of falling. 
 
 Page 45. — 11. KXeapxov . . . lireo-TaTci : lit. to learn Clear chus well, ' 
 hoio he covimanded. Cf. note on twv Pappdpwv, i. 1. 5, and also i. 6. 5. — 
 TO 86pv, his Sjpear, but in the next line j3aKTT]piav, a staff or stick, without 
 the art., because the staff was no part of his regular e(xuipment as a soldier. , 
 Give the stem from which PaKrrjpia is derived, — el Sokoit) : why opt.? — 
 Tov lTriTT]8eiov : sc. irateiv (G. 261, 1). — ^Traitrev &v: an iterative aorist i 
 (G. 206). For the use of the stick in Spartan military discipline, see i. 5. • 
 11, and note. — avrbs irpoortXdjxPavtv, took hold himself. — p.-^ ov (G. 283, 
 7) : the \}.i] negatives the following inf. regularly ; the ov (here very irreg- ; 
 ular) strengthens the neg. idea undeilying aiirxyvi^v eivai, were ashamed, < 
 vjere un-tvillijig {Moods and Tenses, § 95, 2, N. 1, Rem.). 
 
 12. irpcs : cf. i. 9. 20. It is doubtful whether we sliould read avrov or 
 a\5T6. MSS. avTov. — oi . . . "ye^ovoTes here must mean those that were thirty \ 
 years old and less, which would regularly be oi els TpidKovra ?tt] (as in : 
 vii. 3. 46). For the case of ^ttj, see G. 161. — o-irov8d^ovTa, in cai'ncst. ' 
 
 — irpoo-eXdfJiPavov : cf. § 11. 
 
 13. vTTOTmiuv : cf. i. 1. 1, and note. — [iy\ : in the direct form ow 
 (G. 242, 4). — dpSeiv: with ol'a (sc. roiavTr]), on the principle of G. 261, 1 : 
 it teas not the proper season for icatering, etc. Cf. Moods and Tenses, § 93, , 
 1, N. 1. — •f]8'i], foithvnth, at the rerij stai't. — els, with reference to, for. — ' 
 TovTov^veKa: taking up t'va Trpo<j>aivotTO. Cf. G. 215, Rem. — d<j)eLK£'vai : , 
 see d(|)CT|p,i. 
 
 14. 80€v : cf. ii. 1. 3, and note, and below, § 16. As an adverb o6£V \ 
 goes with Xap.pdv6iv ; as a relative it introduces the sentence. — dire'Sec^av 
 Xap,pdveLv, gaA-c them notice to take. — otvos (}>oivikwv, palm loine. Cf. i. 5. 
 10. — o^os . . . avTcov, a sour (cf. o^vs) drink made from the same hy boiling 
 (2xl/ft), to boil). 
 
 15. avTttl ai pdXavoi, the dates themselves (opposed to the wine, etc.), in 
 partitive appos. (G. 137, n. 2). — tois olKe'rais : with dire'KeivTO (G. 184, 3). 
 oIk£'tt]s, from oIkos (G. 129, 2 6), properly a house-servant. — dire'KeivTO, 
 were set apart; equiv. to pass, of direTiOeo-av, below. — KdXXovs ; gen. of 
 cause (G. 173, 1). — iqXe'KTpov : abridged for TiXe'xTpov 6\{/etos. Cf. the simi- 
 lar case exjjlained in G. 186, n. 2. — rds 8e rivas, but some (rivds) others. 
 
 — Tpa^T^p-ttTa, for sweetmeats, to be eaten at dessert (G. 137, N. 4). — Kal 
 ■fjv . . . T|8i) p.€v, and these (the rpa^TifiaTa, G. 135, 2) were a palatable thing 
 (G. 138, N. 2 c) also at a symposium (ttotov, not ttotov). — Kecj>aX-aXYts : 
 derivation ? See G. 131, 1. 
 
 16. TOV €Y-Kc'4)aXov, the crown (lit. brain), a large terminal cabbage-like 
 growth at the top of the stem of the palm-tree. — l8i6TTiTa, peculiar-ity 
 (see G. 129, 7). ~i\Zovr^<s, flavor. Cf. t|8v, above. — e^aipeGeiti : why opt.? 
 
 — 8Xos, entirely (G. 138, x. 7) : we sometimes say, it aXl dried up. 
 
ANABASIS 2, in. 01 
 
 17. 6 . . . d8£X4>os: note the position of the genitivos (O. 142, 1). — 
 yuvaiKos: byname Statlra. — aurois : case (G. 186). Cf. 'EWdSi in the 
 next section. 
 
 18. "yeiTtov : predicate nom. to oIkw (G. 136 ; cf. 137, N. 4). — oUw : see 
 Ecllen. iii. 2. 12, Kaota, ^vQairep 6 Ti.(ro-a<|)epvoiJS oTkos. 
 
 Page 4:6. — ttcXXci Kx\i.-{wa.vfx. (i. e. Kal dji.), rnxtny dlj/iculties, lit. many 
 and inextricable {slraus, G. lil, n. 4): d(iT|xciva = tv ots oilScjita p-tixo-vti. 
 
 — €vpt^|j.a, a irlccc of good fortune; from evpio-Kw (evp-, G. 129, 4). — 
 €1 8vvaip.T]v : we might liave had edv 8vivwp.ai (G. 248, 2 ; 226, 4, N. 1), as 
 the context implies, I thought it would be a cvp-qp-a, — olp.at . . . ^x^'-^j f^'"' 
 I think it would not he a thankless labor for me (G. 246). For dxa-pLo-Tws 
 &v ?x^iv, cf. note on i. 1. 5, end. — irpbs vi|x«v : as if a passive liad precciled 
 in place of dxa-pLO"Ta)s ^X^iv. 
 
 19. cTTio-TpaTeiJovTa : quoted after I'l-yyeiXa (G. 280). For the fact men- 
 tioned, see i. 2. 4. — Kal p.6vos, k. t. X. : cf. i. 10. 7 and 8. — <rvv ToiorSe : 
 with a gesture. — avrw : the King. 
 
 20. po-jX€vo-€o-0ai : what other tenses might be used ? (G. 203, x. 2). — 
 cv-irpaKTorepov : verbal adj. (G. 117, 3) in the comparative. The subj. of 
 tvTTpaKTOTtpov 1^ is Siairpdlao-Gai understood, the 8iairpd|a(r6ai expressed 
 being the object of 8uvwp.ai. 
 
 21. jitrao-TavTcs : second aor. Cf. (i€TacrTr,(rd|X6vos in § 8. — KXe'apxos 
 8* ^Xe-yev, i. e. C/earchus was their spokesman. — ws PaonXei iroXcpTio-ovTes, 
 with the intention of warring with the King (G. 186, N. 1). When, as here, 
 the subject of the leading verb is also the speaker (cf. G. 277, N. 2), «s 
 simply emphasizes the cause ov j)urpose denoted by the participle. 
 
 22. The speaker is referring in this section, probably, to the agreement en- 
 tered into at Thapsacus, i. 4. 11 -13. — Oeovs, dvGpw-rrovs : objects of r^<r\iv- 
 0T]|iev (G. 158, N. 2). The infinitive irpoSovvai is a second obj. of the same 
 
 I verb (G. 260, 1). — irapt'xovTts (sc. avru), ivhen we had offered (G. 204, N. 1). 
 
 — €() iroieiv : purpose (G. 265 ; 165, N. 1). 
 
 23. kTrd: here, since; above, in § 22, when. — Pao-iXei . . . dpx^is : cf. 
 ii. 1. 11. — TT|v x^po-v KaKcSs iroietv : cf. i. 4. 8, and note. Cf. below, f|p.ds 
 efi irotwv. — €1 TLs . . . X-uTToiT], i. e. if no one should molest us : tIs is like 
 
 j French on and German ma?i, with no exact English equivalent. — dSixovv- 
 Ta: sc. Tivd, and cf. PouXe\)op.€vovs in i. 1. 7. — T|fxds . . . virapxu, shall 
 
 , take the first step also (xai) in doing us good (G. 279, 1), Kal ti iroiwv em- 
 phatically opposed to dSiKovvTtt. — cS iroiovvres (G. 277, 2). 
 
 Page 47. — 24. "fJKto : mood ? — at . . . p-evovrcov, let the truce continue. 
 
 — d-yopdv iTapiJc,o\Liv, will provide a market, i. e. an opportunity for tha 
 ; t Greeks to buy provisions. 
 
 25. €15 : cf. €15 'iut, i. 7. 1, and note. — SiaTreirpa-yfJievos (cf. 8iairpd|ao-6at 
 in § 20) : with SoGfjvai as its object. — 8o0f]vai avrw : cf. the corresponding 
 active Sovvai €p.oi in § 18. — Katircp : with the; following concessive part. 
 (G. 277, N. 1 6).— d^iov pao-iXei, befitting the King (G. 185 ; 184, 2). Cf. 
 G. 178, N. 
 
 26. riXos: cf. i. 10. 13. — tropi^w. sc. f.pias. The inf. is quoted after 
 
62 XENOPHON. 
 
 the idea of promisiJig in iriorTcl (G. 202, 3 a). So dirdleiv. — Strov 8' &v \i.i\ : 
 why not ou ? 
 
 27. TTopevo-co-Bai, e'^eiv : both quoted after 6[i6<rai. Cf. the two future ' 
 infinitives in ^ 26. — ws Sid 4>i-XLas (so. xcipas;, as (you would go) through 
 a friendly country. 
 
 28. raOra ^8o^€ : of. note on i. 3. 20. — wjiocrav . . . ^Socrav : cf. note on 
 irio-Td in ii. 2. 10. 
 
 29. ws pa<ri\ea : cf. i. 2. 4. — Siairpdlwiiai, shall have accomjilished, 
 with future perfect force {Moods and Tenses, § 20, K. 1). — d Seojiai : sc. 
 Siairpdlao-Sat. — ws dird^wv Kal dtrtwv (G. 200, N. 3 6): cf. note ou ws iro- ! 
 XejiTJcrovTes iu § 21. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. i 
 
 Synopsis ; The Greeks and Ariaeus remain encamped near each other for 
 more than twenty days, di\ring which time the barbarians receive visits from 
 their i'riends (1). Tlie Greeks groAv uneasy and ask their generals why they 
 remain, and express their susj^icions of the King's intentions (2-4). Clearchus 
 answers that it will not do to go away, as that would break the truce and they , 
 would be left without provisions, guide, or friends (5); that, moreover, the Eu- ; 
 phrates bars their way, and that they have no cavalry (6). He declares his faith • 
 in the King's oath (7). Tissaphernes and Orontas arrive with their armies (8). v 
 The Greeks proceed with Tissaphernes as guide (9), but are suspicious of the '• 
 Persians, and march apart from them. Slistrust increases on both sides, and ! 
 they sometimes come to blows (10, 11). They arrive at tlie wall of Media (12), ! 
 and from thence a march of two days brings tliem to the Tigris. Tlie Greeks | 
 encamp near Sitace, and the barliarians ci'oss the river (13, 14). After supper ! 
 a man brings a warning from Ariaeus to the Greeks to beware of a night- i 
 attack, and to guard the bridge over the Tigris (15-17). Clearchus is greatly 
 alarmed (18) ; but the story is observed to be inconsistent (19, 20), and after 
 qiiestioning the messenger it is concluded that he has been sent with an ulterior 
 object (21, 22). Nevertheless, a guard is sent to the bridge (2-3). At daybreak "■( 
 the Greeks cross the bridge (24), and proceed in four days to the river Physcus. 
 Near Opis they are met by an illegitimate brotlier of the King, who views them _ 
 as they pass, and is amazed at their number (25, 26). They proceed through || 
 Media, jjlundering the villages of Parysatis (27), and along the riglit bank of the 
 Tigris, procuring provisions from Caenae, a city across the river (28). 
 
 l! 
 
 1. el'KOcriv : sc. -fjnepas. — ol fiWoi dva-yKaioi, his other relatives : dvaY- 
 Kaics (fiom dvd-yKT], see G. 129, 12) is the Lat. necessarius. — Se^ids, as- 
 surances, ])h-dged by the person who brought them with the right hand. — ^id 
 p.'fl . . . cvTcis, that the King tcould hear tlicm no ill-will (p.vT]<ri-KaKii<r€iv: 
 [jii|xvTi<rKco, stem ixva-, and KaK^s). Tlu- inT. is quoted after 8e^ids; cf. irap^- 
 |€tv in ii. 3. 26. — lirLo-TpaTeias : gen. of cause (G. 173, 1). — twv irapoixo- jHIi 
 p.€va/V, of v:hat v:.as past (G. 200, N. 3). H \ 
 
 2. 01 ircpl 'Apiatov, Ariaeus and those xvith him (G. 141, N. 3). Cf. oiHfij 
 d|Jt4>t Tt<rora<|)€'pvr^v, iii. 5. 1. — ^v8t|Xol . . . vovv, evidently j^aid less regard^\^ 
 to the Greeks. For irpo(r£x.ovT£s, cf. dviw}ji£vos in i. 2. 11, and note. fli)|. 
 
ANABASIS 2, iv. (33 
 
 Page 48. — 3. V\ may introduce the second part of an alternativo 
 question (G. 2S2, 5), even when the former part is only implied (liere ttotc^ 
 pov duVXcos ^X^**)- ^'- ^^^^ ^^^^ °^ ^^ ^'^ ^'^^- — irtp^ iravTos iron^o-aiTO : cf. 
 irepl irXeio-Tov iroiouTo in i. 9. 7, and note. — -^ : subj. of purpose (G. 216). 
 The opt. referring to the future lias the force of a primary tense (Moods and 
 Tenses, §34, 2). — <rTpaT€V€iv : dependent on <|)6pos (G. 261, 1, with N. 1). 
 We mi^ht have had ot dXXoi "E. <|)oPwvTai . . . o-TpaTevetv. — vird-YeTai ; 
 cf. ii. 1. 18. — Sieo-TrctpGai : see Suao-ircLpw and G.* 2tJ2, 1. — ctXiorSTJ : of. 
 8iairpd^a)p.ai, ii. 3. 29. — ouk . . . rip-iv, it is not jwssible tluit he will not 
 cUtc'x/c us, lit. there is not how (introducing the indir. quest.) Jte will noty 
 etc. (G. 283, 8). . 
 
 4. ^ . . . h.TroTii\Lt^(.\.^ is cither trenching or loalling off some point. Cf. 
 the use of tI in i. 10. 16. — too-qiSc, so few : accent (G. 27, 4). — cirl . . , 
 ovTov, at his very doors. 
 
 5. IttI iroXc'fJLcp = iroXenT^o-ovTes. — ^ireiTa, moreover, introducing irpwrov 
 pic'v, a{i0is Se, etc. — oOev, {a place) from, which. — eiri<riTiovp.e9a : purpose 
 (G. 236). — ^fia and €v9vs (G. 277, x. 1) both qualify d(|)€(rTr,^€t, which 
 is a future perfect (G. 110, IV. c, N. 2; 200, N. 9). Cf. below, XeXctx^erai. 
 — 6vT€s : sc. 4>LXot. 
 
 6. iroTafjLos: emphatic, as if he had said, hid as to rivers, I don't knovj 
 whether (el), etc.— SiaParcos : the verbal in -tc'os used personally (G. 281, 
 1). — ov p.€v 8t] : cf. i. 9. 13, and note. — &v, i. e. edv. — ov . . . e'wriv : im- 
 plying also, 710?' ivill there he. — twv 8e . . . &^ioi, whereas the enemy s 
 horse are very numerous (lit. the most, compared with those of other na- 
 
 I tions) and very efficient. — vikcovtcs = el viKcojiev; but riTTwuevcov, to which 
 
 <rw0T]vai is apod., = Idv "»]TT(6|ie0a, or perhaps el T]TTWfj.€0a (see Moods and 
 
 Tenses, § 54, 2 &). — oldv re : sc. eo-xiv. 
 
 [ 7. <r\j[Jt}iaxa,, helps. — 8 rt, on ichat account (G. 160, 2; 149, 2^). — 
 
 avTov : repeating Pao-iXe'a. — 0£ovs : cf. 0€Oi5s in ii. 3. 22, and G. 158, x. 2. 
 
 } Page -49. — 8. ws dTriwv (G. 277, x. 2) : here the writer and the subj. 
 
 1 of the leading verb are not the same person (cf. note on ws iroXefi-tjo-ovres 
 
 I in ii. 3. 21, and ii. 3. 29), so that diriwv expresses the intention professed 
 
 I by Tissaphernes. There is nothing in the use of cos to indicate the histo- 
 
 j rian's opinion as to the honesty of this profession. See note on ws Pot]0t]- 
 
 ! o-«v in § 25. — els oIkov = o'lKaSe : see note on oIkcU in ii. 3. 18. Besides 
 
 j Caria he now had the satrapy of Cyras. — ^y^, i. e. Orontas. Cf. iii. 4. 13. 
 
 ' — eirl Ydfio), in marriage, a,s his vjife. 
 
 10. avTol ... €\(apovv, 2}rocecded [themselves] by themseJves. —^ ia-Tparo- 
 I ireSevovTo : the Greeks and barbarians. — aio-rrep TroXefiiovs (sc. <|)uXaTTo- 
 j jievoi), just as (if they were guarding against) enemies (G. 277, n. 3). 
 
 11. Toi) avTOv : sc. toitov, and cf. i. 8. 14. — irXiryds eve'reivov : cf. i. 5. 
 '11. 
 
 12. retxos : mentioned in i. 7. 15. If we suppose that the southern part 
 I of this wall, which reached from the Tigris to the Euphrates, was in ruins, 
 
 it is easy to account, first, for Xenophon's not describing it in i. 7. 15, but 
 here ; and, secondly, for the King's digging the ditch for the purpose, on 
 
64 XENOPHON. 
 
 ^ 
 
 that assumption, of completing the line of defence furnished by the north- 
 ern part of the wall. In the retreat Tissaphernes led the Greeks westward 
 on the southern side of the ditch, in order that they should not see the rich 
 plain of Babylonia, and so brought them outside of the wall again, which 
 they now i^ss tcithm (irap-qXGov) on their way to the Tigris, — ■fjv wkoSo- 
 \ir][i4vov = wKoSojJtiiTO (G. 118, 4). — Keijitvats, lying; we say laid. — 
 Tro8c5v: why gen.? — [ifiKos 8' IXc-yero, hut in length, it was said, etc. 
 
 13. TT|v 8' . . . eirTa, and the other (by its having been) bridged over (means, , 
 G. 277, 2) v-ith seven boats. See note on § 24. — ■?](rav aTro : cf. cl<rlv €k in 
 i. 2. 7. — woTTcp : sc. KaTaT€Tp,T|VTai. 
 
 14. St'vSpcov : with TrapdScio-os (G. 167, 4). If it went with Satrcos it 
 would be SevSpois (cf. iv. 7. 6). — oi Se pdpPapoi : sc. eo-KT|VT](rav. 
 
 Page 50, — 15. 'iTV\ov . . . 6vt€s, happened to be loalking. — 7rp6 t«v 
 8irX«v : cf. note on ii. 2. 20. — ovk 6^t|T€i, did not ask for, ask to sec. — Ka\ 
 TttvTa «v : cf. i. 4. 12, and note. 
 
 16. 6ti: introducing direct discourse. Cf. i. 6. 8, end, and note. — 
 "E*€}x\|/€ : agreement (G. 135, n. 1). — tticttoi : cf. note on i. 5. 15. — fffj 
 tiriewvTai (G. 216). 
 
 17. ws 8iavo€rTai, since T. intends, etc.; but in the next line ws, in order 
 that. — Tf]s Siwpvxos : the second of the two mentioned in § 13 ; over this 
 there was only a pontoon bridge, \vhich could be destroyed easily. 
 
 19. v€avicrKos Tis : conjectured to have been Xeno2)hon himself. — ovk 
 ciKoXovOa, inconsistent. — to tc Iiri6i^cr€<r0ai Kal Xvo-eiv, i. e. the tv:o stories 
 of an intention to attack, and. at the same time to destroy the bridge : we ; 
 should expect to also before Xvo-civ. For the unusual fut. inf. see G. 202, \ 
 8 5; also Moods and Tenses, § 27, N. 2 b. — vikcLv: sc. avTous as subject. — 
 Ti Set . . . 7€'<})vpav : why need they destroy the bridge ? im])lying what good 
 will it do them, etc.? It is thus a proper apod, to the future prot. Idv . . .; 
 viKwori (G. 223). — dv (i. e. edv) «o-iv, 'iypi^iv &v : a subj. in the prot. ' 
 (G. 223), with an opt. with dv in the apod. (G. 224), the latter belonging to; 
 an implied prot. in the opt., such as, ifiue should vmh to escape (G. 227, l;i 
 Moods and Tenses, § 54, 1 a^). The ov in ovSe, not even, modifies ^xoi-l^^v 
 dv, the meaning being, even if there are (shall be) many bridges, we should^ 
 not knoiv, etc. Cf. for this meaning of ovk 'ixut, i. 7. 7, and note ; and see' 
 also ovx '^|ov<riv in § 20. 
 
 22. inroirc'ixTl/ciav, had sent with a false message (viro) : the dir. form waS) 
 {nreircfiil/av (G. 243). — ?V0€V jte'v, ^v0ev 8€', on this side, on that. — iroXXT]Sj 
 . . . €vdvTtov, since it was extensive and fertile, and since there were men in it] 
 to work it. 
 
 Page 51. — ei tls PovXoito : might have been cdv tis PovXT]Tai (G. 248, 
 N.). 
 
 23. em [levToi . . . {)}iws, yet they nevertheless, etc., i. e. notwithstanding 
 that they now knew the man's statements were false. Cf. ii. 2. 17. — 
 diTTjYYeXXov, i. e. the next morning. 
 
 24. l^cv-yixevT^v : the Greek could say 'C^evyvvvai ■Y€<|>vpav (G. 159), to builo 
 (lit. join) a bridge, or Jfuyvvvai iroTajidv (or SuiSpv^a), to bridge a river (oi' 
 
ANABASIS 2, v. 65 
 
 channel) ; for the latter sec § 13. — «s . . . 'rre(})\)Xa7|jL«va)s, as guardcdh/ as 
 possible: supply tjv with oldv rt (= Svvarov). — t«v irapd Ti.cro-a<|>€'pvous 
 'EX.: of. Twv irapd Pa<riX€«s, i. 1. 5, and note. — SiaPaivovTwv (sc. aviTwv; : 
 we should expect the dat. after €Trt0Ti(r€<r9ai, rather than the gt-n. absolute. 
 In the same way SiaPaivovrcuv occurs in the next line, notwithstanding 
 the following avrots. — o-koitwv : participle. — SiaPaivoiev : in the direct 
 form SiaPaivouori (G. 2-43), to see whetJicr they were crossinfj. — wx^€to d-rrc- 
 Xavvwv, icciit riding o/f (G. 279, 4, n.) ; wx^to, lit. icas ojF (G. 200, N. 3;. 
 
 25. irXcOpov : cf. irXe'Gpwv, i. 2. 23. — wkcito : cf. olKov|xevT|v, i. 4. 1. — 
 r\ 6vo\ia "^niris : cf. i. 5. 4, and note. — irpos tjv : why accusative ? — «s 
 poT]6T|o-a)v (G. 277, N. 2) : ws shows only that the partic. gives the purpose 
 whiih is professed by the subject (6 d8€X<j)ds). See note on «s diriwv in § 8, 
 and on ws ttoXsixtio-ovtcs in ii. 3. 21. Cf. also i. 1. 11, and note. 
 
 26. €ls 8vo, two nbixast (G. 191, 111. 1 c). They marched by in cohimn. 
 — dXXore . . . €<|)icrTd}Ji€vos, haltin.rj now and then. — to TiYo-up.€vov (object) : 
 cf. ii. 2. 4, and note. — lirio-TTjcreie : why opt.? — lmcrTa<rLv : force of the 
 suffix o-is '': — eKTreirX-fixfiat : see note on i. 5. 13. 
 
 27. Kvpcp eire-yYcXov, insulting Cyrus (G. 184, 2) besides (k-rri), i. e. besides 
 gratifying the Greeks. Cf. lin-Xe-yeiv, i. 9. 26. — Siapirdo-ai . . . lircTpeil/e : 
 cf. i. 2. 19, and note. — irX'^v dvSpairoSwv, i. e. except that the men in thcni 
 were not to be made slaves. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Synopsis : Tliey arrive at the river Zapatas, and Clearchus sends a messenger 
 
 to Tissaphernes and requests an interview (1, 2). When tliey meet, Clearchus 
 
 expresses his hope that they shall be able to dispel the mutual distrust of the 
 
 Greeks and barbarians (3, 4) ; mentions cases where great evil has been done 
 
 ! through misunderstanding (5, 6) ; refers to their oaths and the vengeance of 
 
 [ the Gods should they break them (7); details the facts which render it neces- 
 
 j sary for the Greeks to retain the friendship of the Persians (8-12), and the ad- 
 
 I vantages to the barbarians of an alliance with his Greek army (13, 14); and 
 
 ) finally he asks to know who has excited the suspicions against them (1.5). 
 
 i Tissaphernes assures Clearchus that the Greeks have no cause for distru.st (16), 
 
 ! showing how completely they are in the power of the Persians (17-19), and how 
 
 I unnecessary it would be for the latter to resort to perjury if they wished to 
 
 t destroy their former enemies (20, 21). He expresses great personal friendshi}) 
 
 for the Greeks, and hints at an especial service they may do for him (22, 23). 
 
 Clearchus believes him sincere, and when he promises to disclose the names of 
 
 those who have sought to create distrust between them, if Clearchus with the 
 
 rest of the generals will come to him, the Greek general consents (24-26). The 
 
 next day he returns to camp and states what has been agreed upon, and, though 
 
 opposed by some of the sohliers, finally persuades five of the generals and twenty 
 
 captains to accompany him (27-30). The generals are Invited to enter the tent 
 
 of Tissaphernes, and not long after they are seized and those without murdered 
 
 (31, 32). Nicarchus alone escapes, and flees terrilily wounded to the Greeks 
 
 (33), who run to arms (34). Ariaeus with 300 Persians approaches the camp, 
 
 and calls for some general or captain (35, 36). Cleanor, Sophaenetus, and Xeu- 
 
(jQ XENOPHON. 
 
 opnon come forward (37). Ariaens tells them that Clearchus, having violated 
 tlie truce, is dead, but that Proxenus and Menon are in great hoiior, and that 
 the King demands their arms (3S). In answer Cleanor reproaches him for his i 
 treachery, and XenoiDhon skilfully asks that Proxenns and Menon may be sent : 
 to the Greeks to advise them (39-41). The barbarians leave without making 
 answer (42). 
 
 Pago 52. — 1. tiiroxl/iai, feelings of distrust. — (|)av€pd, pred. to £<|)atv£- 
 
 TO, is specially opposed to vTro\j/tai. 
 
 2. TLo-o-a4)€pvet : cf. tovto) in i. 1. 9. — e'l SvvatTO, k. t. X. (G. 248, 2), i 
 in case he could in any way sto2), etc. The apod., suggested by iravo-ai, 
 would be Iva Travo-€ie or the like. See Moods and Tenses, § 53, N. 2, for 
 further details of this important construction. — irplv 7€ve'<r9ai (G. 274). — : 
 kpovvra. (G. 277, 3). 
 
 3. Tio-ora<|)epVT] : a heteroclite voc. (G. 60, 1 h). — d8iKT^<r€tv : cf. ixvqcri- , 
 KaKijo-fiLv in ii. 4. 1, and note. — <})uXaTTop.€vov tiP-oLsj d'^c, on your guard ' 
 against us (G. 280). — tcs iroXcp-tovs, as (you would be against) an enemy. 
 
 4. Oil S^vajiai oiirt : we should expect oiire 8ijva|iai to correspond to kr^ia . 
 T€ olSa. See note on p,T^T€ . . . t€ in ii. 2. 8. — Trcipujifvov (G. 280). — 8ti i 
 . . . ou8e'v, that we on our ixtrt do not even think of any such thing (G. 280, ' 
 N. 3). — els Xo-yovs o-oi eXGeiv, to have an interview with you (G. 186, N. 1, '> 
 end). — €l 8vva£}xe0a (G. 248, N.). Cf. § 2. — dXXr;Xwv (G. 174). 
 
 5. Ik, in consequence of. — ot . . . Iiroti^crav: we should expect c{so,8-n8€v- 
 Tas . . . PovXoftcvovs . . . iroiT^o-avras (G. 280), but such an accumulation ] 
 of participles would be harsh. — (|)9d(rai : sc. iroitfo-ai'Te's ti (G. 279, 4). — ; 
 [xeXXovras, intending, transitively. — a-6, i. e. v:hat is more. 
 
 6. d7V(ojxo<rvvas, misunderstandings (G. 129, 7). 
 
 7. irptoTov . . . [liyioTTOv, for first and chiefly. Cf. i. 3. 10. The correl. 
 of |A€'v is 8€ in § 8. — 0£<Sv (G. 167, 3), oaths (suborn) by the Gods, as vre say ] 
 dp.vvvai 0€OTJS. — ilvai (G. 263, 1). — rovnav, i. e. twv Gcciov 8pK<ov (G. 171, 
 2). — irapT]p.€XT]Kws (G. 280, N. 2) : cf. l\|/€uo-[X€Vos, i. 3. 10, and note. — 
 Tov Qi^v TToXciiov, the Gods' v:ar (G. 167, 2). — awo, with, by the aid of. — 
 ^ivyuiv, fljiing ; but diro<|>i5-ybi &v, could make his escape. For dirocfjij-yoi 
 and diroSoaLT], cf. 1. 4. 8, and note. 
 
 Page 53. — S-jtcos . . . diroo-TaiT], hoiv he could retire to a strong ^;/ace, 
 i. e. to a place that would prove really l\vp6v against the Gods. For the 
 three apod, with prot. implied, seeG. 226, 2 6. — irdvTi] iravra : cf. -iravrajv 
 •jrdvTa in i. 9. 2, and the iravTaxfi irdvTcov following. — Otois (G. 185 ; 1S4, 
 2). With this section compare Psalm cxxxix. 7-12. 
 
 8. Trepi fji€v 8i] : |i€'v is repeated from irpuTov \iiv in § 7. — irap* oiis (i- e. 
 Toiis 0€ovs) . . . KaT€0€fX€9a, in lohose hands w.e have deposited the friendship 
 which toe have compacted. — twv 8' dv0pa)7rivcov, but of human things (G. 168). 
 — Iv TO) irapovTi, in the present crisis. 
 
 9. irdo-a 686s, every road ; but following, irdcra tj 686s, all the icay. — 
 auTTis : with ovSev. — (^oPepwraTov (G. 138, x. 2 c). 
 
 10. dXXo Tt (sc. TToiorjxtv) dv -1^: dXXo ti ^ or the simple dXXo ti is, 
 
ANABASIS 2, v. 67 
 
 equivalent in aslcing a question to ov or apa ou, Lat. nonne (G. 282, 3). — 
 fv-epyirr]v, hcnc-f actor (.sulf. ra-). — ^cpeSpov, afresh ojJponcnt, a successor in 
 the contest, prop, of an odd combatant in the public games, who remained 
 without an adversary when the others had been paired by lot, and sat by {k-nt 
 and ^8pa) ready to engage (of course at a great advantage) with any athlete 
 who should beat his adversary. — ravra repeats the indirect (piestiun. 
 
 11. Twv TOT£ (G. 141, N. 3"^). — 8v pou'XotTo (G. 247; 233) might be 8v 
 Av pouX-qrau — 'i\ovTa^ o-w^ovra, ovcrav (G. 280). — fl • . • exp^JTo, v:hich 
 Cyrus found hosfi/e. — Taurrjv : repeating tt|v . . . SvvajxLv witli emphasis. 
 
 12. rovTOiv . . . ovTtov, bat since this is so. — 8o-tis oj PouXexai : lesult 
 (G. 237, X.). — dXXd (jitjv begins the sent, as if the parenthesis epto , . . 
 etvai were to be followed t)}^ a sentence like Kal T|[xeis v|JLds iroXXd a)(})cXeiv 
 8vvT](ro[X€9a. (Kriiger.) This is really said in otlier words in § 13 and § 14. 
 
 13. oijs vo|ii^(«) dv Trapao-xetv, whom I think I could render (Trapdcrx^otjit 
 dv) : cf. i. 3. 6. So iravo-ai dv (G. 134, 3). — ev-ox.XovVTa, (Usfurbiny, lit. 
 croivding (oxXcs) -upon (G. 279, 1). — ols : with Te6-u;.xa)}j.€'vovs, incensed 
 (G. 184, 2). — KoXd<rat<r0€ : doubtful emendation for KoXdcrccrSc, made on 
 ace. of dv (G. 208, 2). — rfjs • . . o-oo-t^s — '''^ ^li • • • oi5(rr|. 
 
 14. a»s fic'-yio-Tos (sc. <}>iXos), the very greatest : cf. note on 6ti aTrapa- 
 <rK€v6raTov, i. 1. 6. 
 
 Page 54. — ?X(ov {nrrpeVas = el ^xo"-?; k. t. X. : additional protasis to 
 both dv €1't]s and dv dvao-Tp€'<f>oio. — Tf|9 x^^P'-^os : with eveKO. — - ijv dv 
 i\pnLiv : x^P'-v ^X^ i^ exactly the Lat. gi'atiam habao : cf. note on i. 4. 15. 
 
 15. ooTw Gaufxac-Tdv, so surjjrising. — rouvojia xis: a mingling of two 
 constructions, vfiia-r dv ttKOvcraifjii tis, k. t. X., and Toiivop-d tlvos Scttis, 
 K. T. X. Rehdantz, however, explains the words : / would gladhj heir by 
 name, who is so skilled, etc. — aTrrii>.d^Qi], replied, a form found oniy here. 
 It reminds us of dircip.^Lpo|X€V02 and dusipsTO in Homer. 
 
 16. *AXXd : cf. ii. 1. 4, and note. — TJ8o[xai aKO-i'wv : cf. tjo-9t] ISwv, i. 2. 
 18. — dKcvwv a-ov Xo-yous (G. 171, 2, N. 1). — -j'i-yvjjo-kwv, since you knoto. 
 
 — |Aoi 8oKeis must be transl. impei's., it seems to nie, in order to bring in 
 KttKovovs dv elvai, that you would be evil-minded, in Eng. — «§ dv p.d97]S 
 (G. 216, N. 2). 
 
 17. €1 €povXdp,e0a, supposing it was our ivish, i. e. when we made the 
 treaty (G. 221); to this the apod, is diropeiv (= d-rropovfjiev) quoted aftiT 
 8oKov|jL€y. Cf. diropeiv dv in § 18, and note. — Iv ■^y by means of which. — 
 dvT.irc,<rv€iv : with KtvSwos (G. 261, 1); sc. eKi] dv. 
 
 18. €TrLTt0t<r8ai : with eirtTi^Se^wv. — diropeiv dv(= d-n-opotaev dv) : cf. 
 note on § 16, and uTropetv in § 17, and note. — roa-avra : witli a gesture. 
 
 — ovra, though they are. — vfitv 'ovro. -n-opevrea, must be crossed by you, 
 quoted after opdre (G. 280) : direct form, viitv iropevrea eo-rtv (G. 281, 1). 
 Cf. with the active of this const., '6^r\ iropeojeorOai, the note on 686v in i. 2. 
 20. — Ta(XL€U6cr6ai, to parcel out, like a steward (rap-las), and so to have by 
 themselves, to ocal vrith at once, etc. ; sc. toctovtovs, antec. of oiroo-ois. 
 
 19. 6.W6., still. — 8v i<aTaxayo-avT€s (causal). — o'j8' el, not even if : the 
 ov goes with dv 8vvaio-8€ ; the 8e' {even), with the conditional clause. 
 
68 XENOPHON. 
 
 20. ^xo^'''*s: conditional (note in the next line (i-qSe'va) = el 'iy^o^iev. 
 For el (ixo\t.iv i^iKoC^L^Qa dv, see G. 227, 1. — ^irttxa : cf. tlxa in i. 2. 25, 
 and note. — irws fiv . . . dv e|€Xoijj,€0a (G. 212, 2). — irpds (G. 191, VI. 6, 
 la). 
 
 21. Travrdiraari . . . karri, hut it is characteristic of {belongs to, G. 169, 1) 
 those altogether loithout resources. 
 
 Page 55. — Kal tovtcov, and that too. — otrives €0€'\ou(rt : used as if 
 ftiropoi eloriv, K. t. X. preceded ; we should expect simply eOc'Xeiv, to he will- 
 ing. Cf. ii. 6. 6. 
 
 22. l|ov, when it was possible, ace. absolute (G. 278, 2). — ovk . . . ^\Qo- 
 p,€v, did we not 2}roceed to do it ? — ^pws, earnest desire : sc. ka-rl. — tovtou 
 refers to ouk . . . i]X9o[i€v. — to . . . Icrxvpov : the whole infin. clause stands 
 as an object ace. after the verbal idea in ^pws : trans, my desire that I vtay 
 secure the confidence of the Greeks (cf. note on i. 7. 4, end), and with that 
 mercenary forc^ (G. 154) with which (G. 188, 5) C. made his expedition . . . 
 ivith this (tovtw) / may return to the coast, etc. |Jiio-9o8oortas and evep- 
 •yeo-tas (see G. 129, 3) are accusatives. 
 
 23. oora : with xpilo-ip.ot (G. 160, 1). — ka-ri, are by anticipation, and so 
 for 'ia-io-Qi. — to, |iev . . . eliras, some you also have mentioned. — ridpav : a 
 steeple-shaped head-dress of distinguished Persians, worn upright (ope-riv) 
 only by the King ; when worn by others, the point was bent forward. — t7']v 
 8' . . . '4yoi (sc. 6p0TJv) : as it was the outward sign of royalty to wear the 
 tiara upright on tlie head, so wearing it up>right in the heart means aspiring 
 to royal dignity, i. e. bearing the royal symbol in the heart, though not on 
 the head. T. thus intimates his intention to revolt from the King by the 
 aid of the Greeks, in order to blind Clearchus to his real plans. 
 
 24. ctirev (i. e. Clearchus) : repeated in ^<|>t]. — ovkovv, therefore, in ques- 
 tions implies an affirm, answer, and is generally to be rendered by not then. 
 — ToiovTwv vTrap)(ovTc«)v, tvhen such grounds exist. — iraOeiv (G. 261, 1). 
 
 25. oi . . . Xoxa"yoL : in app. to the subj. of PovXetrOe. — eXSeiv €v tw €|x- 
 <|>av€i, i. e. so that it shall be aj)parent to both armies that we trust one an- 
 other. Cf. Iv Tw ())av6pw in i. 3. 21. 
 
 26. <roi (accented) is emphatic. — aS, m turn. — i50€v, from ichat quarter. 
 
 27. CK, after, in consequence of. Germ, in Folge. Cf. i. 3. 11. — S-iiXds t 
 ^v cidfX£vos : cf. i. 2. 11. — irdvv (JuXikcos 8iaK€i(r0ai, that he was on very 
 friendly terms with. — iK(Keva-i (subj. Ti<ro-.) : sc. U'vai. — ot B.v iKiyxQoi- 
 <ri : the verb might have been in what other mood ? Could cKeXeuag have 
 been so changed ? See G. 247, with N. 2.— 8iapdXXovT€s (G. 280). — twv 
 'EXXi]vcov : with oX. — ot . . . avrovs : cf. 8v . . . avrov in i. 9. 29 : avrovs is 
 added for eiuphasis. u 
 
 28. avToi, i. e. Clearchus. — gircos . . . -p (G. 216, 2). * * 
 Page 56» — 29. ^x^''^ '^'^^ yv<a\i.riv, to he devoted. — tovs irapaXvirovvTas, 
 
 trouhlcsome rivals (note the prep.). — p,^ U'vai, ^■t\Z\ irio-Tevciv (G. 260, 1): ; , 
 the underlying idea is that of a command, not that of a statement of fact. m 
 
 30. 'wrxvpcos Kar^xeivev, insisted strenuoiisly. — tfrn 8i€Trpd|avT0 (G. 239, 
 1). — MS €is ttYopdv, i. e. without arras. 
 
 I 
 
ANABASIS 2, vi. 09 
 
 32. dird, at. — oi ?v8ov, ot ?|a> (G. 141, N. Z% — <5tivi iravras : cf. i. 
 1. 5, and note. 
 
 33. iinraortav : force of the sufF.? — ^|x<}>€yvoow (G. 105, 1, N. 3). — els 
 T^v ■yao-Ttpa : the accusative with reference to the motion of the weapon. 
 
 36. ct Tis . . . Xo\a*yds, i. e. tchatevcr general or captain there vas {(\. 248, 
 1), direct cl' tIs €<rTiv, suggests the subject of irpoo-eXGciv. — dira-yyeiXwo-i : 
 why subjunctive ? 
 
 37. Twv 'EW-ijvwv : depending on the proper names. — <rTpaTT]7ol yXv, 
 o-uv avTois Sc : the first two are contrasted, as generals, with Xeiiopiion. — 
 gevo<f)a)v : cf. iii. 1. 4 sq. — toL irepi, the fate of. 
 
 Page 57. — 38. 'i<nr\<Ta.v els €Tn]KOov, got ivithin hearing distance. — 
 €TriopKc3v, Xv«v (G. 280). — 'iyju. tt)v 81kt]v, liris received his deserts. — avrov 
 (G. 142, 4, N. 3). — diraiTei (G. 164). — lavrov (G. 169, 1). — elvai : sc. ra 
 iirXa. — SovXov : cf. i. 7. 3, and note. 
 
 39. ^Xe-ye Z\ KXedvwp : cf ii. 3. 21. — 'Opxo|i€vios, of Orchomenus, a city 
 of Boeotia, famous in the ancient legends of tlic ^linyae. — oi dXXoi : in 
 app. to v[Liis understood, you others. Cf § 25. — Oeovs, dvOpiJirovs : cf. ii. 
 3. 22, and note. — ol'nves diroXajXcKare, ^pxfo'Ge : causal (G. 238). — Ti|iLv : 
 with 6|i6o-avT€s ; cf. ols, below. — tovs auroijs (sc. rifj-iv), the same that we 
 should : the position of ifi|iiv expressed forbids its being taken with tous 
 avTOvs. — c}>iXovs Kal exOpoiJS (G. 137, n. 4). — vojiieiv (G. 110, II. n. 1 c). 
 — Toiis dXXovs T|p,ds, the rest of us. 
 
 40. -ydp, (we are not that)/o?'. — liriPovXeucov : cf. i. 6. 8. 
 
 41. e-iri TovTois, upon this. — el . . . '^Xve (G. 221). — Upo^evos, Me'vwv: 
 in emphatic position before eireiirep : we should I'ender, hut as to P. and J/., 
 since indeed tliey are, etc. — evep-ye'rai : force of the suflBjc ? 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Biographical SketcJies of the Five Generals. 
 
 Stjtopsis : Of the five generals, who after their seizure are taken to Babylon 
 ami beheaded, Clearchus was the most prominent ; a man well qualified for war 
 arid fond of it (1). He fought during the Peloponuesiau War against the Athe- 
 nians, and at its close undertook an expedition to Thrace (2). When ordered to 
 return by the Ephors, he disobeyed (3) and was condemned to death. Being 
 now an exile, he w^ent to Cyrus and received from him 10,000 darics (4), with 
 which he collected an army and plundered the Thracians until sunmioned to 
 Asia (5). Sunmiary of the evidence that he was fond of war (6) and fitted for 
 it {1). As evidence that he was fitted for command, notwithstanding his gloomy 
 and harsh. disposition, he was skilful in providing supplies for his army and an 
 excellent disciplinarian (8-10). In time of danger his soldiers willingly obeyed 
 him, but left him, when the peril was over, for a general of less harsh disposi- 
 tion (11, 12). No one was personally attached to him, but his troops Avere ex- 
 cellent soldiers (13, 14). He was about fifty years of age when he died (15). — 
 Froxenus was ambitious from boyhood (16). He joined Cyrus, hoping to gain 
 wealth, influence, and a great name (17), but was unwilling to acquire any of 
 
70 XENOPHON. 
 
 these by unjust means (18). He was able to command well-disposed men, but 
 could not inspire ordinary soldiers with fear or respect ; he was thirty years 
 old when he died (19, 20). — Meuon was avaricious, stooping to perjury, false- 
 hood, and deceit to gain his ends (21, 22). He respected and spared an enemy 
 because he was dangerous, but ridiculed and plundei'ed his friends (23, 24). 
 He respected perjury and injustice, but looked upon the pious and truthful as 
 fools (25). He took ju-ide in deceit and ridicule of friends (26), and sought to be 
 honored and courted by showing his power and willingness to do wrong (27). Even 
 in extreme youth he was notoriously licentious (28). He was not put to death 
 with the others, but died like a malefactor, after being tortured alive for a whole 
 year (29). — Agias and Socrates were both courageous in war and faithful to 
 their friends ; and at the time of their death each was thirty-five years old (30). 
 
 1. [X£v: cf. pe'v in i. 10. 19, and note. — ovtcd, so, as above described. — 
 Tas KctpaXcts (Gr, 197,1, N. 2, last ex. ): the corresp, active constr. would be 
 avTots diTOTe'p-vo-ucri ras K€4>aXds. — ets : in app. to (part of) crrpaTTi-Yoi. — 
 [liv: correl. to Se in § 16. — 6[xoXoYOv}JL€va)s Ik TrdvTwv, as loas arjrecd by 
 (cf. Ik in i. 1. 6) all. — a^rov (G. 182, 1 ; 180, 1). — 86|as 7€V€<r0ai, i. e. 
 who appeared to have been (lit. to have become or to have shown himself). — ■. 
 Cf. with this section i. 9. 1. 
 
 2. TToXcpos : the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B. c). 
 Page 58. — tovs "EXX-qvas : the Greek colonists in the Thracian Cherso- 
 
 nesns. — Siairpa^dfjievos irapd tcov k^opiav, having secured {his object) from 
 the Ephors. — ws '7roXe|ji,'^o-o)v : cf. i. 1. 11, and note, 
 
 3. |i£Ta-'yv6vTes irws, changing their mind for some reason. — ^<j)-opoi 
 (overseers), Ephors. — 'IcGfiov : of Corinth. — ojx^to irXeW : cf. oix^'''^ o-'"'*" 
 Xavvwv in ii. 4. 24, and note. 
 
 4. l9avaT(o0T], loas condemned to death (G. 130, 3) : cf. Gdvaros, 0vT|arK(i). 
 — T€X(5v, magistrates, the ^4>opoi. — dXXr] : no such arguments (Xd-yois) are 
 given in the Anabasis. Cf. i. 1. 9, and i. 3. 3, 4. — SapeiKovs : cf. note on 
 i. 7. 18. 
 
 5. pa6vp,iav, a life of ease (pa8ios and 0-u|x6s). — dTrb . . . xP'HH^drwv : cf. 
 i. 1. 9. — dirb TovTov, from this time on. — ^4>€p€ Kal T)-yc, plundered, or 2nl- 
 lagcd : <|)€'pw properly of objects that can be carried off, d-yo) of cattle ; Lat. 
 ferre et agere. — iroXep-wv SieYc'vcTo, went on ivarring (G. 279, 1). 
 
 6. (j)LXo-TroXe'p,ou (G. 131, 1): cf. iroX€|J,iKds (W. 55, 1, 2, a) in § 7. — 
 6(rTis aipetrai : cf. oI'tiv€s lOIXovo-i in ii. 5. 21, and note. — l^ov : cf. ii. 5. 
 22. — cXa-yJ)vr\, pXap-r] (see G. 129, 1). — alpeiTai, chooses. — wo-re iroXt- 
 |i€iv, i. e. provided that he may be (lahnring) in war (G. 266, 2). — els irat- 
 BiKd, upon a favorite. — Sairavdv, to make outlays. 
 
 7. TaiJTT], herein, in these regards. — Tijiepas k&I vvktos, by day or night 
 (indifferently, G. 179, 1). — Hyav: like the two adjectives, with fjv, ready 
 to lead. — Travraxo-O irdvTes : cf. ii. 5. 7, and note. 
 
 8. ws Suvarbv . . . e^x^v, so far as was possible tvith (i. e. for a man of) 
 si-ieh a temper as he certainly (Kai) had. — «s . . . &XXos : cf. i. 3. 15, and 
 note. — ofTws 'i\o\. (G. 217, N. 1). — airw (G. 184, 3, N. 6). — lixiroifjo-at 
 TOis Trapoiioriv, to inspire in those present {f lie feeling). — «s trntrriov eiTj = 'i 
 ws Se'ot avTovs TeiOeo-Oai, that they must obey (G. 243 ; 281, 2). 
 
 ^ 
 
ANABASIS 2, vi. 71 
 
 9. Ik tov . . . ctvat, hy being severe (G. 2G2, 1 ; 138, N. 8).— opav (see G. 
 261, -i).— d)s(G. 266, 2, N. 1). 
 
 Page 50. — i<rQ' i)T€, sometimes, lit. there is when : cf. cv£otc just i)re- 
 coding (G, 152, n. 2), and the note on ^v . . . oiis in i. 5. 7. — yvu\Lr\, on 
 principle, systanatically : note Ktxi before "Yva|XT). — aKoXdo-Tou, undiscijiUncd. 
 
 — o"TpaT€UfAaTos . . • o4>€Xos : cf. i. 3. 11. 
 
 10. \€'y€i,v avTov ^4)a(rav: Xen. states the facts not on his own autliovity. 
 Cf. i. 9. 23. — TOV dpxovxa, his commander. — cl p,€'\Xoi, if he vrrc eitlier 
 to, etc. (G. 247) : the dir. form would be 8ci <|)oPei(r0ai ... el [xcXXei, k. t. X. 
 
 — (JjuXttKus : wh}' ace. ? — d-irpocpao-LO-Tws (•irpd-<{>a(rts), boldly, prompitly, 
 lit. vjithout making excuses. 
 
 11. TO o-TV7v6v, the sternness, gloom. (G. 139, 2) : cf. to xa^eirov and tJ> 
 eirtx^pi, below. — (jjaiSpov : [ired. to c|)a^v£0-9ai. — kv tois TrpoortiTroLS (poetic 
 plural) : connect with to (ttvyvov. — €ppto|ic'vov, something strong or vigor- 
 ous ; like vigor. 
 
 12. Stg -ye'voLVTO (G. 233). — irpbs &XXov dpxop.e'vovs dirifc'va!., i. e. to go 
 away into tlie service of another. — Sickclvto, were disposed. The active is 
 expressed by 8iaTL9T]fjLi, (i. 1. 5). 
 
 13. Kal -yAp o{iv : cf. i. 9. 8. — TeTa-yixe'voi . . . K<i.ri.)(ja'^(vo\. (sc. 'n-apcivai 
 ovTw). — o-fpoSpa . . . expTJTO (G. 98, N. 2), he found exceedingly obedient, 
 i. e. these yielded him imjjlicit obedience. 
 
 15. ov ndXa l6eXeiv : as we say, did not like very much. — d|x<{>L Td • cf. 
 the note on els in i. 2. 3. 
 
 16. eiiOus (G. 277, n. 1). — Fop-yia : the brilliant rhetorician of Leontini 
 in Sicily, vvho lived about 485-380 b. c. His fee (dp^vpiov) was 100 minae 
 (about $1,800). 
 
 17. IttcI o-uve-ytveTO avTw, after lie had been his ptipil : o-uvetvai tlvi often 
 means to be one's 2>'>'^pil or disciple. — <{>iXos . . . irpwTOLs, rohile he was Cii 
 friendly terms with tliose of highest rank. — €U€pY€Twv : cf. dXc^dpievos in 
 i. 9. 11. — t{)€TO KTT|o-£o-8at, expectrd to get (G. 246). 
 
 18. liriBvjjLwv (G. 277, 5). — ^vStjXov . . . ctx^v, he moreover made this 
 also evident. 
 
 Page 60. — T(S 8i!<aia> Kal KaXio : cf. to o-tvyvov in § 11, and note. 
 The principle of G. 139, 2, is illustrated often in this chapter. 
 
 19. KaXwv Kd^aScSv : as we should say, ^'gentlemen." See Lidd. and 
 Scott, s. V. KaXo-Kd^aGos. — cXZ'2 ko.vTov, respect for hi vxself (Q. 167, 3). — 
 OTpaTtaTais (G. 187, end; 184, 1). Cf. § 8. — trrpaTiwTas : cf. GeotJs in 
 ii. 5. 39, and note. — 4)o^ov|xevos : what use of the part.? See G. 280, N. 1, 
 and cf. 8f]Xos 'qv €7ri6\)|xc5v in § 21, and o-TepYwv 4>av€pbs tjv and ^vStiXos 
 iylyv^To l7ri(3ovX£i5cjv in § 23. See also i. 2. 11, and note. 
 
 20. irpbs TO . . . SoKcCv, for being, and having the reputation of being, fit 
 to govern (G. 262, 1). This const, occurs several times below. dpxiKov 
 modifies Tivd understood, the subject of the infinitives. — eiraiveiv {bis) : 
 subject of dpK€iv (G. 259). — ItcSv (G. 169, 3). 
 
 21. jie'-ytoTov : adverbially with 8vvap.^vois, the most powerful. — dSiKoiv ; 
 cf. for the tense the note on i. 5. 11. So dSiKovvTa in § 20. — y.^ 8i8o^ 
 EiKT^v, might not 'pay the penalty : cf. ^x*"- "^^"^ 8(kt]v, ii. 5. 38. 
 
72 XENOPHON. 
 
 • 22. «iSv (G. 152). —Tw ^XiGfo) (G. 186). Cf. note on § 18, above (at the 
 end). 
 
 23. TovTcp, taking np the relative clause, is to be connected in construc- 
 tion with liriPovXcvwv. — ^v8t]Xos iyiyviro : how different from ^v8t[]Xos ^v 
 and ^vStjXos Ive'veTo ? — ovSevds (G. 177). — tc5v o-dvovtwv, his associates: 
 connect with KaraYcXaiv ; SieXe'^cTo would require the dative (G. 186). 
 
 24. jjtovos . . . ov, he thought that he alone (G. 138, N. 8) understood that 
 it luas (G. 280) easiest. 
 
 26. d-ydXXcTai liri : below, with •f|7dXXeT0, we have the simple dative of 
 cause), Tw 8vvacr9ai, k. t. X. (G. 262, 2). For the formation of the three 
 nouns after eirC, expressing quality, see G. 129, 7. — \{/€v8t] : from \J/€v8t|s, 
 not \|/€v8os. 
 
 Pao-e 61, — Twv diraiSevTwv : partitive; cf. twv (rTpaT€vo|JL€v<ov, i. 2. 3, 
 and note. — SiapdXXcov tovs irpcoTovs, h)j slandering those tvho tcere already 
 first (in their friendship). — tovtovs : takes up the relative clause. 
 
 27. TO... irape'xeo-Gai (G. 199, 2): obj. of e)j.r])(^ava,TO. An obj. clause 
 with Sttws would be more common (G. 217). — Ik : cf. § 9. — tjIioij, expected. 
 
 — £Tiri86iKvii}JLcvos (G. 277, 2). — Bti 8-ovaiTo Kal eOe'Xoi dtv: in direct form 
 8vva|xai Kal tG-'Xoifii &v. — evep-yco-iav 8€ KareXe-ycv, and he accounted it 
 against {the jjerson) an act of kindness (G. 129, 3). 
 
 28. TO. 8t| d4)avTi ^leo-Tt tj/evSccrOai, i. e. there is room for false statements, 
 it is trite, about doubtful matters (G. 159). — Td8€, the following. — irapd 
 'ApicrTiirira) : with «v ; cf. for the facts stated i. 1. 10, and i. 2. 6, and 
 note. — |€vwv (G. 171, 3). — '{j8€to, i. e. Ariaeus. 
 
 29. ovK dirc'Gave : to be connected with the genitive absol. above, which 
 expresses time (G. 277, 1). — K€(j>aXds : cf. § 1, and note. — ^<Sv . . . kviav- 
 Tov, after being tortured alive for a year. 
 
 30. Note the interchange of the dual and plural in this section (G. 3S, 1). 
 
 — Kal TovTO) : emphatic repetition of the subject in the form of a pronoun. 
 
 — avToiJS is irregularly inserted before €|X€|i<J>€to, as this verb cannot govern 
 the gen. tovtwv, which by its position would naturally be the object of both 
 the clauses with oihre. — ^tt] dirb "ycveds, years from birth, years of age. 
 
 The third and fourth books of the Anahasis give an account of the 
 retreat of the Greeks, after the loss of their commanders at the river 
 Zapatas, through a savage and mountainous country inhabited only 
 by barbarians, until they beheld the welcome sight of the sea and 
 reached Trapezus, a friendly Greek city on the Euxine. The three 
 remaining books continue the narrative of the return of the Greeks 
 from the arrival at Trapezus until the union of the Greek force with 
 the army of Thibron in Asia Minor in the spring of 399 b. c. From 
 the beginning of the third book, Xenophon himself becomes an 
 important person in the councils of the Greeks. 
 
 ^ 
 
HELLENICA 2, ii. 73 
 
 IIELLENICA. 
 
 [Book II.] 
 
 The Peloponnesian War lasted twenty-seven years, from b. c. 431 
 to 404, of which the first twenty are included in the narrative of Thu- 
 cydides, and the remainder in the Hellenica of Xenophon. It arose 
 from the fear and jealousy felt by Sparta and other Greek states at 
 the power and glory of the Athenian Empire, aided by the uneasi- 
 ness of the subject aUies of Athens herself under what they believed 
 to be an oppressive rule. Since the formation of the confederacy of 
 Delos in 477 b. c. — which was a defensive union of voluntary allies 
 under Athens as presiding city, made to secure the Aegean against 
 the possibility of another Persian invasion, — the maritime power of 
 Athens had steadily increased, and the smaller states had gradually 
 been changed from independent allies to subjects of an imperial city. 
 This change is well explained in Chapters XLIV. and XLV. of Grote's 
 History of Greece. The splendor of Athens reached its height under 
 Pericles, the most illustrious of her statesmen (who died in 429 b. c.) ; 
 and her Dorian neighbors in Sparta, Corinth, Megara, and Thebes 
 were now ready to combine for her destruction. In 432 b. c. the dis- 
 putes between Corinth and Athens about the Corinthian colonies of 
 Corcyra and Potidaea gave a plausible pretext for war, and war was 
 at once declared. But, as Thucydides tells us, the war arose chiefly 
 from the alarm felt by Sparta at the extent of the Athenian power, 
 and her dread of its further increase. The war began in the spring 
 of 431 B. c. ; and it ended in the spring of 404 b. c. with the surrender 
 of Athens, which is described in the first extract from the Hellenica. 
 The power of Athens had been seriously crippled by the disastrous 
 expedition to Syracuse (b. c. 415-413); it was finally broken by the 
 destruction of the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami, as related in the 
 chapter immediately preceding the narrative here given. 
 
 Aegospotami, or Goat's River, was a station on the European side 
 of the Hellespont, opposite the Asiatic town of Lampsacus, which 
 had just been captured by Lysander, the Spartan commander. 
 It was " an open beach, without harbor, without good anchorage, 
 without either houses or inhabitants or supplies"; and was chosen 
 by the Athenian commander, merely to compel Lysander to an 
 engagement. Each morning the fleet would cross the strait in Une 
 of battle, but the Spartan forces kept close under shelter of their port. 
 Each day it withdrew to its anchorage, followed only by a few scout- 
 boats to watch the disembarking ; and then the men would stray on 
 
74 XENOPHON. 
 
 shore for provisions, as far as Sestos, a few miles below. For five 
 days the same scene was repeated. In vain Alcibiades, then living in 
 exile near by, warned the generals of the exposed condition of their 
 fleet, and urged that they should at least faU back to the safe and 
 friendly harbor of Sestos ; he was dismissed with the taunt that they 
 were now in command, not he. " At length, on the fifth day, Lysan- 
 der ordered the scout-ships, which he sent forth to watch the Athe- 
 nians on their return, to hoist a bright shield as a signal as soon as 
 they should see the ships at their anchorage, and the crews ashore in 
 quest of their meal." The moment he beheld this welcome signal, 
 he gave orders to his entire fleet to row across the strait as swiftly 
 as possible, while the land forces marched along the strand in case 
 of need. The fleet was taken by complete surprise. A squadron of 
 twelve vessels under Conon, with the sacred ship called Paralos, 
 escaped. All the remainder, nearly one hundred and seventy in 
 number, were captured on the shore, defenceless, and seemingly with- 
 out the least attempt on the part of any one to resist. This sweeping 
 victory was won without the loss of a ship, almost without the loss 
 of a man. Of more than thirty thousand prisoners, all the Athenians, 
 some three or four thousand, were put to death. It had been charged 
 against them that they had resolved, if victorious, to cut off" the right 
 hands of all their prisoners ; and one of their generals, Philocles, had 
 put to death the captured crews of two ships, allies of the Lacedae- 
 monians, by hurling them headlong from a precipice. Charges like 
 these, at the end of a long and obstinate war, account for the vindic- 
 tive and bitter temper of the conquerors. (See Grote, Ch. LXY.) 
 
 The battle at Aegospotami was fought in September, b. c, 405. 
 Byzantium surrendered directly after ; Lysander permitting its garri- 
 son, with other Athenians found there or elsewhere, to sail to Athens, 
 "but nowhere else," says Xenophon, "for he knew that the more 
 there were gathered in the city and Piraeus, the sooner they would 
 be brought to straits by famine." 
 
 II. 3. JlapaXov : the Paralos {''Seaboard") and the Salaminia were 
 two sacred vessels maintained by Athens, and used in the service of the 
 government. They carried deputations to the sacred festivals, and em- 
 bassies ; and were sometimes used to bring state criminals to Athens, as in 
 the case of Alcibiades in 415 b. c. — vvktos (G. 179, 1). — t| |vn<j)opd 
 ( = o-t)}JL<}>opd,), the disaster to the fleet at Aegospotami : ^vv is often used 
 for crviv in the older Attic. — IIcipaKSs, the Piraeus was the principal port 
 of Athens ; it was fortiiied, and connected with the city (&a-'rv) which was 
 four and a half miles distant by the two long walls of Pericles. (See the 
 plan at the end of the volume. ) — 6 ^rcpos . . . irapa'y'YeXXwv : we should 
 expect the gen. absol., but the nominative is in apposition with the 
 
 ^ 
 
HELLENICA 2, ii. 75 
 
 nominative implied in the vertal noun oljito-yT] (as if uij.'.coj^cv had been 
 used). 
 
 Page 62. — trevQovvns, agi-eeing with the suhject implied in ovSefs, as 
 
 if it had been, all iccre sleepless. — ireiorea-Gai, Ihal t/cey were to sujjcr 
 (G. 246). — ola eiroii^o-av : see G. 247 (last example) and N. 2. — Mt]- 
 Xiovs : JMelos, a Spartan colony, had been subjugated by Athens in 41 G b. c. ; 
 the men of military age were put to death, and the women and childien 
 were enslaved. 
 
 4. ^8o|€, they voted, lit. it iJlcased them : the expression is the same which 
 was used in the Athenian decrees, ?8o^€ tt) poijXfj Kal tw 8t||xc}). — atroxunrai 
 (v. dirox.wvvvp.i), to block iJie chatDiel. — irepl ravra, thus employed. 
 
 5. vav(riv (G. 188, 5). — KaTco-KeudcraTo, esfablt'^hed, i. e, in the fonn of 
 ** an oligarchy of ten native citizens, chosen from among his most tlaring 
 and unscrupulous partisans, to govern in conjunction with the Lacedaemo- 
 nian haniiost." — to, kirX Qp<jj<r\s, often without X«pia, a couunon expres- 
 sion for the coast of Thrace. 
 
 6. d4>€i(rTT|K€i, had (already) revolted. — 'AQr\vai<av (gen. governed by 
 diro- in d<j>€urT'^K€t, G. 193), frovi the Athenians. — or<j>a7as . . . ttois^- 
 «ravT€s, having made a massacre of the aristocrats : this massacre took plaice 
 eight years before, but was recent enough to forbid the Samiaus to hope 
 for mercy. 
 
 7. A€Ke'X€iav : a post in Attica, whence Agis, the Spartan king, was now 
 threatening the city. — 6ti : understand Xe-yovrds rivas, or d-y-yeXXovTcis 
 after ?ir€fi.\|/€. — irpocnrXci (G. 243). — tov crtpou, t/ie other of the two kings, 
 Agis being one. 
 
 8. Iv TTJ *AKa8T][jtia tw KaXovp.eva> yv^i.vacrC(a, the common reading, would 
 he an unusual expression for in the gymnasium called the Academy. Per- 
 haps we may insert a comma after 'AKa8T](xia, and take the following words 
 in ap})Osition with 'AKaSTjixia, wt tlie Aatdemy, viz. in tJie gymnasium thus 
 named. Many scholars consider the last three words as an interpolation. 
 The Academy (i. e. the grove of the hero Academus) wa.s northwest of tlie 
 city, on the Sacred Way leading to Eleusis. It was afterwards made 
 famous by Plato, who used it as his place of instruction ; and its name is 
 thus a familiar word in all modern lano-uages. 
 
 9. Al-^\.va.v : in the first year of the Peloponnosian war (431 b. c. ), the 
 Athenians expelled the Aeginetaus with tlieir families from their island, 
 and the Spartans allowed them to settle in Thyrea. — dir€8«K6 implies that 
 Lysander restored Aegina to its former inhabitants. — Sorovs €8vvaTo irXd- 
 cTTOvs, the greatest number which he ivas able (to collect), like ms irKda-rovs 
 or 8ti irXcLo-Tovs. — as aUrois, likev-ise, adv. of 6 avros, the same. — Mtj- 
 Xfois : see note on § 3 above. — tt^s avrwv, sc. Xwpas (G. 141, N. 4). — 
 irpbs TOV Ilcipaifi., he came to the Piraeus and ayiclwred there. 
 
 10. Tt XP"*^) iroiilv (G. 243). 
 
76 XENOPHON. 
 
 Page 63. — tJvrojv (G. 277, 2.) — o-wTTjpfav tov \ii\ iraOctv, security 
 against suffering, the ^■{\ strengtliening the negative idea (of prevention) 
 implied in crwTTjpiav (G. 263, 1). — d . . . [iiKpoiroXiTas, ^ohat tliey had not 
 done for punishment, hut had done unjustly (tjSikovv) through insolence to 
 men of the small states : d is direct object of €TroLT|(rav and cognate object 
 of •qSiKovv. — ou8* eirl |iiq, more emphatic than €ir* ovStp-to. — ckcivois, the 
 Lacedaemonians. 
 
 11. drijiovs CTririiiovs iroii^o-avTes : they passed a vote of amnesty, 
 restoring to fall civic rights all who had forfeited any of those rights 
 (i. e. who had become dTi|xoi) either as public debtors or by sentence of the 
 law. After this vote, the citizens met in the acropolis and pledged them- 
 selves to harmony. — diroGvTio-KovTtiiv (G. 277, 5.) — ^xovtcs, keeping. — 
 €7rl TovTois, on these conditions. 
 
 12. etvai, sc. 'i^f\. — Kvpios auros (G. 136, N. 3ft): avrds is adjective 
 pronoun, himself [li5, 1). 
 
 13. irKr^a-iov ttjs AaKoviK^qs : as Sellasia is generally said to be in La- 
 conia, irX-qo-tov should perhaps be omitted here. — ota, sc. Toiavra. — av- 
 ToGev, instantly. — cl Seovrai (G. 247). — ti, at all. — koXXiov (G. 75). 
 
 14. -qKOV (G. 200, N. 3). — €V€ir€<r€, v. ejiiriirTw. — ^ws dv ir^nircoo-iv, 
 
 while they should be sending (G. 247 ; 202, 1) : iias ttcixttoicv might have 
 been used. 
 
 15. AaKcSaifiovCois, dat. with dpj\vr\v Trot€t<r0ai (G. 186, N. 1), — 1<|>* 
 ots irpocKaXovvTO, on the terms which they offered (G. 153, n. 1). — cKarc- 
 pov, i. e. each of the two long walls leading to the Piraeus ; see note on 
 § 20, below. — (i.-?) €|6ivai depends on the verbal force of \j/i]<j)tcrjj.tt 
 (G. 261, 1, N.). 
 
 16. 61 PouXovrai, if they wished (G. 247) : the direct form of the sen- 
 tence following 8ti would be, d jBovXecrGc jxe 7r€[i\j/at, fjlw clSws iroTcpov 
 dvT£Xovo-t, &c. — AaK€8ai|xovtovs is by anticipation object of clSws, in- 
 stead of being subj. nominative of c.vTi\ova-i. — ^ connects PovXo{ievoi 
 (G. 277, 2) to Tri<m(a% 'iviKtx. (in order to secure good faith). 
 
 Page 64. — 8 ti tis \iyoi, whatever any one might piTopose (G. 248). — 
 6ftoXo7^o-av (G. 202, 3, n.). 
 
 17. T€cos, for some time. — Ka.ri\o\. and KeXevot are instances of the rare 
 imperfect optative, representing Kareixe and cKeXeve of the direct discourse, 
 which would regularly be retained in sucli cases (G. 243, N. 1). — ctvai, 
 sc. 'i^r\. — Kvlpi09 (G. 136, N. 3 a). — tSv cpwrwro, of what he (Lysander) 
 was asked {G. 153, N. 1), the direct form being «v €pa)T(S|xai (indie). — 
 8€i<aTos avTcs, a common expression for one of ten, generally applied to the 
 principal person in the number mentioned. 
 
 18. d-y^cXoOvTa (G. 277, 3) 6ri direKpCvaiTo, to inform them tJmt Tie had 
 replied, <tc. (the message was dircKpCvaTO AvcravSpos, &c.). 
 
 19. ktrX tCvi \6yuf, in what capacity. — koXciv iKcXeuov, gave orders to 
 
HELLENICA 2. ill. 77 
 
 summon them. — \l^ <nr^v8£<r0ai, [urging] to mafce no terms. — c^atp^tv, 
 sc. TT|v iroXiv. 
 
 20. ovK ^<f>a(rav . . . dv8pa'7ro8i€iv, refused to \said tlieij would nnt\ en- 
 slave, <i:c. It is said that, wlien a Theban delegate advocated the destruc- 
 tion of Athens, a Spartan replied, that he would not put out one of the 
 eyes of Greece, and leave her kmpo^QaX^ov. The same argument was used 
 at Athens in favor of helping Sparta, after the battle of Leuctra, in 
 371 B, c. — cLvSpairoSLetv (G. 110, 11. N. 1 e). — cttoiovvto, offered to make 
 (G. 200, N. 2). —€(})* (S .. . ^irto-eai (G. 267). — ra fiaKpa rd\-t\ : probably 
 only the two long walls leading to the Piraeus are meant ; as the third or 
 Phaleric wall, leading to the old port of Phalerum, was now of less account, 
 since the Piraeus had been strongly fortified and connected with the city 
 by two walls. — KaOt'vras (v. KaOLTjjxi), restoring. — tov avrdv, kc, lit, 
 regarding as foe and friend the same with the Lacedaemonians. 
 
 21. p.-?) -fJKOicv, lest they might have come (G. 200, N. 3 ; 202, 2). — ou 
 ^dp 'in kviXutpv. p,£V£iv, for there was no longer room [yut^a.) for delay. 
 
 22. €<!>* 0I9 . . . iroioiVTO, the terms on which (they said) the L. offered to 
 make peace ; itoloivto representing irotoiivTat of the direct form (G. 248, 4): 
 see liroiovvTo in § 20, above. 
 
 Page 65. — vir' avXrjTptSwv, to tlie music of flide-girls. 
 
 III. 1. Tw liriovTt ^T€i, the year beginning at midsummer 404 b. c, 
 the first year of the ninety-fourth Olympiad. — 8v . . . ov< ovoixd^oucru, whom 
 the Athenians do not name, i. e. among the dpxovTes €Trwvvp,oi : the first of 
 the nine Archons gave his name to the yeai-, whence he was called the 
 Eponymits. — dvapxto-v : the word dvapxta Avas entered in the public 
 records for this year instead of the name of Pythodorus. — There are 
 strong reasons for believing all of § 1, except tw 8' Ittiovti <irei, to be an 
 interpolation ; it will be seen that the other words break the construction 
 of the sentence, which becomes gi'ammatical only by taking tw . . . 'ini 
 with 28o|€ in § 2. 
 
 2. ^8o|€ Tw 8TJp.a>, the peo^jle voted: see note on IT. 4, above. — ot . . . 
 |vyypd\j/ov(rt (G. 236, N. 3), 2vho were to compile, «£-c. : see note on § 11, 
 below. 
 
 The omitted sections (4-10) refer to matters in Thessaly and S>Tacusft 
 (under the tyrant Dionysius), to the surrender of Samos to Lysander, and 
 to Lysander's return to Sparta. 
 
 11. €<f>* (St€ |uyypd\l/at (G. 267), equivalent to ot Ivyypdvj/oucri in § 2. — 
 iro\iT€vo-oivTO is an indirect statement (G. 248, 4) of the idea of the Athe- 
 nians in choosing the Thirty : in § 2 the indicative of the direct fonn is 
 retained. For the middle voice, see G, 199, N. 1. — del ^[leXXov, they can- 
 tinually delayed. 
 
 12. ^"VTas and ovras (G. 246 ; 280). — ^apets, odioiis. — <yv:9\yov 6a- 
 vdrov, arraigned capitally (G. 178, last example). — avrtiv (G. 173, 2, N. ). 
 
78 
 
 XENOPHON. 
 
 \l 
 
 Page 66. — J)<roi ^vv^iSccrav . . . 6'vt€S (G. 280, N. 2). 
 
 13. oirwg dv e^eii] . . . oirws |3ovXoivto, how they might get the power to treat 
 the city as they jyleascd ; indirect question, representing irois dv e|eiT] irj|iiv rfj 
 irdXsi xp^frOf-"- o*^"? poijXoifieOa (G. 245 ; 247, n. 3). The first 6t7(os is 
 an indirect interrogative (like irws) ; the second is relative (G. 232, 4). — 
 <|)povpovs <r4)i<ri ^vp,T.-pa|at eX0€iv, to help bring it about that guards should 
 come to tliem, i. e, to aid in having guards sent tliem : cr<})io-i refers to the 
 Thirty (G. 144, 2). — ^cos ... KaTao-Tif|(raivTO (G. 239, 2; 248, 3). — 
 0pc\}/€iv (G. 17, 2, N. ; 203, N. 2). — Compare avrois iri^^^r^vfxx. with 
 o-<jjioriv €X0€iv above : as Avo-avSpos is subject of |vve7rpa^£v, o-^io-iv would 
 have been incorrect here. 
 
 14. <os . . . irpaTToicv (G. 248, N. ) : the idea of the Thirty was a»s iravra 
 ciratvf) d dv •jrpdTTw|X€y (or d irpdrTojAcv), tliat he may praise everything 
 which we may do (or everything lohich we do). — t»v <})po^•pwv, depending 
 on the omitted antecedent of oiis. — -fJKio-Ta . . . dve'xEcrOai, representing 
 ■fJKio-Ta . . . dvex^vTai, they [are men who] least endure being thrust out 
 (unless dv is omitted by accident before dv-t'xeo-Gai, or unless dv in the 
 next clause affects dvexeo-Gat also). — irXeio-Tous dv . . . Xa|ipdv€iv, icoidd 
 get most adherents (G. 211) : the protasis is expressed in cirixetpoiiVTas, 
 = el eTTixsipoiev (G. 226, 1). 
 
 15. €irl TO . . . diroKT€LV€LV (G. 262, 1). — drc . . . 4>v7«v, inasmuch as 
 he had been exiled (G. 277, n. 2) : tjjtv'yetv often means to be exiled ; hence 
 vTTo Toii 8tj|iov follows, as if the verb were passive (G. 197, 1). — d tis 
 eTLp,dTO . . . €lp"Ytt^€TO, in case one was honored, d;c. depends as protasis on 
 avTeKOTTTC Xe^cov, and not on dr\ : if it belonged to the indirect discourse 
 after Sti, we should expect Ti|iWTO or TijxdTai, kc. 
 
 16. oIkcCcos IxpTjTO, treated as a friend. — on ovk lyx<apovc\f that it was 
 not ijossible (lit. there loas no room). — |xt] ovvi ckttoSwv iroi€to-0at, not to lyut 
 out of the way (G. 283, 7) :- when we should have (affirmatively) €YX*^P«^ 
 fff) TovTO TToiciv, wc may have (negatively) ovk e-yx^P*'- K-"^ °^ tovto iroi- 
 gtv. — ■^TTov Tt belongs to ein|jLeX€io-9ai. — wo-ircp Tupavvi8os, as a tyranny : 
 the meaning is, if you think that our large nmnbcr 2J'>^<^ve7ifs our government 
 from being in spirit a tyranny (projierly a rule of one), andfroin requiring 
 the same vigilance as a tyranny, you are a fool. 
 
 17. SfiXoi, evidently (G. 138, N. 7 ; 280, n. 1). — |uvioTdii6VOi, banding 
 together (in a threatening way). 
 
 Page 6'?. — cl ^-q . . . XtjvL'oito, . . . ^o-oito, representing A ^i\ » , . Xi^- 
 t|/CTai (G. 223, n. 1), oZvvv.tov ^crrai (G. 202, 4). —tis, they (by the 
 English idiom) ; for we should say unless we take for el p.'^ tis Xiit|/eTai in 
 the direct form. 
 
 18. o~uppv€ii]o-av, V. o-uppca>. — KaTaXe^ovoT,, register them in the list 
 (KaToXo^os, catalogue) mentioned in § 20. — tous |i€9e|ovTas Srj, who {a& 
 they said) were to take part in the o.dminisbration (G. 277, 3) : we might 
 ha\e had ot jiefit'lovo-i (see § 2, above). 
 
HELLENICA 2, in. 79 
 
 19. KOivcdvovs iroii^o-a(r9ttt belongs at once with PovXop.'vous and with 
 TpitrXtX-tous, tJiat, wialiiiuj to make tlie best of the citizens jxiriucrs, tluji made 
 three thousand of tliem partners. — to before irpoiTov belongs to iroiTio-ao-Bat, 
 which is the subject of Sokoit] : we shoukl ex[)ect another inlinitive after 
 itrivrd 8€, but after the new verb opw the construction chfvnges to that of 
 the participle (G. 280). — wo-Tr€p . . . elvai, as if this number (three thou- 
 sand) must needs he honorable men : '(i\iiv dvd^KTiv nvd iroiciv ti is to be 
 under some necessity of doing something (G. 261,1, n. 1). For the accusa- 
 tive absolute see G. 278, 2, n ; for oio-irep, G. 277, N. 3. — olov re dr] is 
 irregularly added, by an entire change in the form of the sentence, as if cl 
 ^Xoi had been used after wo-ircp in the preceding clause, instead of the con- 
 ditional participle ^yovra (G. 277, 4). Here oldv t€ 6v would have been 
 the regular form after oio-irep (without el), as if it were jJossible; ctrj rep- 
 resenting cl . . . ia-rCv in the words of Theramenes, as hoKoii] (above) 
 represents Bokci. — ywia-Qai has Tivds understood as its subject, and is fol- 
 lowed by o-TTOuSaCovs and irovripoiis in the predicate. — KaTa<rKeval^o|i£vovs 
 is added, by a sort of apposition, to explain irpaTTOvras. — TJTTova twv 
 dpxo|J.€va)v, weaker tlucn its subjects. 
 
 20. 01 8* elerao-iv, &c. The meaning of this obscure description seems 
 to be as follows. The Thirty held a general review of all the citizens 
 capable of bearing arms ; but while the Three Thousand were reviewed 
 together in the market-place, the other citizens were scattered over the city 
 in small detachments (dWwv dXXaxov). Then, while the ordinary citizens 
 were dismissed for dinner or some other purpose (dircXTjXvGeo-av), leaving 
 their arms stacked at the places of review, a general call to arms was sud- 
 denly sounded (KcXciio-avTcs eirl rd SirXa) ; on which the Spartan garrison 
 (<j)povpoi) and those citizens who understood the plot rushed and seized the 
 arms of the unsuspecting citizens before the latter could return and secure 
 them. — €Keivoi, those who were ?|&) tov KaroXo-yov. — kv t« vau», in the 
 temple, i. e. the Parthenon. 
 
 21. MS l|ov, since {as they thought) it was in their power (G. 277, N. 2). 
 — 6 Ti PovXoivTO (G. 248). — Ttcv |jl€toik«v, resident foreigners, living at 
 Athens chiefly for purposes of trade, without political rights ; as many of 
 them were rich, they were selected as victims. Lysias (in Eratosth. § 2) 
 says that the Thirty seized ten p.€ToiKoi in this way, including two poor 
 men in the number lest the purity of their motives should be suspected. — 
 diroo-TiiJLTJvao-Qai, to confiscate (properly to pmt a seal ujjon). 
 
 During this reign of terror, the orator Lysias was aiTCsted by order of the 
 Thirty while he was entertaining friends at dinner ; but he escaped from 
 custody and fled to Megara. His brother Polemarchus, however, was 
 arrested in tlie street by Eratosthenes, one of the tyrants, and was put to 
 death without trial, and \\-ithout so much as hearing the oflence with which 
 he was charged. The house of Polemarchus was plundered, even the 
 golden ear-rings were torn from the ears of his wife, and his family were 
 dependent on the charity of friends for the means of giving him a decent 
 
80 XENOPHON. || 
 
 "burial. Lysias describes these terrible scenes in his oration against Eratos- 
 thenes, whom he afterwards prosecuted for the murder of Polemarchus. i 
 
 22. fJvTtva PovXoiTO (G. 248, 1) : this use of the optative must not be 
 
 confounded with that seen in irap' <av Xa)xpdvoiev, below (G. 233). — <})d- 
 
 (TKOVTas, while we declare. 
 
 I 
 Page 68, — \ir\Siv (G. 283, 4). — tw iravrt, in every way. ^ 
 
 23. €(jnro8wv t<3 Troteiv (G. 262, 2 ; 185). — I8iq, . . . &XXos trph^ ilXXov, 
 
 privately ; one to this man, one to tluxt. 
 
 24. TrXc'ovas toO Kaipov, more than is fitting (lit. seasonable). — (leGi- 
 trravrai, are changing. — tois . . . |X€9i(rTd<ri, those wlw are changing (the 
 government). — 8id to . . . civat, because the city is; 8id rb . . . T60pd<j)6ai., 
 
 because the people have been reared (G. 202, 2). « 
 
 25. Tois ol'ois Tip.iv, to such as we (G. 153, n. 5), — ot PeXxurroi, the 
 
 aristocracy {the better class), opposed to the 8fi|xos, the mass of the people. 
 
 26. cdv alo-0av«)X60a (G. 225). — ^^©8^ TroiovpeOa, put out of our way. 
 
 27. OLS 8vvaTC,i, by whatever means he can. — tos 8^ raSra dXT]0TJ, and (as 
 a proof) that this is true. See § 33, below. — ■i^v KaravofjTc (G. 223) ; but 
 Srav Po-uX«p€0a (G. 233). — €i eYC-yvwo-Ke, if he had this opinion (G. 221), i 
 has two apodoses, ■fjv and cvopt^ero dv. The latter has its main protasis I 
 implied in 8iKaia)s, if he were justly estimated, to which it conforms (G. 222). j 
 See G. 227, 1 ; and Hoods and Tenses, § 54, 1 («). | 
 
 Page 69. — 28. tot) 8'<]pov, of the democracy. — tois ... els ^pds, on those 
 who were first brought before us (for judgment), follows eTriTiGe'vai (G. 187). — • ' 
 avTw dp£(rK€i, by anacoluthon, where tois 7i"yvop.€'vois dpeo-Kexai would be i 
 expected. — Iv tw d(r({>aXei, in safety (G. 139, 2). 
 
 29. go-o) . . . <f>avepov, by as much as what is secret is harder to guard 
 against than what is open. — ?x^''°v {^- ^X^P^s)' '''^ore hostile. — o^t€ to-irci- 
 o-aTO oijT* lirio-Teuo-e, gnomic aorists (G. 205, 2 ; see N. 1) : the subjunc- 
 tive XanPdvwo-i (G. 233) depends on these aorists, as they are primary 
 tenses (G. 201, end). — tov Xomto'O, /or the future (G. 179, 1). j 
 
 30. dvapvi](r<i) (v. dvap-ip-vijo-Kw) here takes two accusatives (G. 164) ; 
 this verb may also take the accusative and the genitive (G. 171, 2, N. 3). 
 KttTa TOV Traxcpa, i. e. as his father had been. — tovs TtxpaKotriovs, the 
 oligarchy of the Four Hundred was established in Athens in 411 b. c. ; it 
 lasted only four months. See Grote, Chap. LXII. — dvTtiraXov ti t-q 
 oXi^apxia, a party hostile to the oligarchy. 
 
 31. Ko0opvos, a high buskin, worn by tra.gic actors : see the cut in 
 Smith's Diet, of Antiq. s. v. Cothurnus. — dTropXeirci, it is adapted to both 
 feet, as the man who is said to resemble it has an eye to both sides. — 
 dvSpa TOV d|iov ^f]v, the man (who is) fit to live (G. 142, 2). — ov . . . ^vv- 
 ovras : ov belongs to etvai, and irpod^ckv depends on 8€ivdv. — ?ws £v tls 
 o{)pov KaTa<rTW(riv, until they get into fair sailing (G. 239, 2 ; 233). — 
 €Tr€i8dv Ti dvTiK6»j/i] : we should expect the optative, by assimilation to 
 
HELLENICA 2, in. 81 
 
 irX^oicv (G. 235), and we must translate it like one. See Greek Moods and 
 Tenses, § 34, 1 (6). 
 
 32. Si^irov, 710 doubt. — irXcioTois . . . diroXcuXe'vat, you are in part to 
 hlame tlutt very many who vxre uii tJie side of oligarchy have jJerisJicd at the 
 hands of the people : airios tivi tlvos means tJie catise of something to some 
 (me; and atTios may take the simple iniinitive (G. 261, 1) as here, or the 
 infinitive \di\\ tov (G. 262, 2). 
 
 Page "70. — dveXeVGat (v. dvaipew), to take up or recover. — vavjiax^a, 
 
 the sea-light at Arginusae, b. c. 406, in which the Athenian fleet was vic- 
 torious, but sailed away leaving, besides the slain, more than a thousand 
 perishing upon the wrecks : the commanders were afterwards brought to 
 trial before the people, and six of them sentenced to death, for this neglect ; 
 but tlie trial was hasty and informal, and their execution was regarded by 
 many as a public crime. — direKTeivev avrovs, caused their death : Thera- 
 menes, who was one of the commanders, joined in the accusation of the 
 others. 
 
 33. TOV •jrX€ov€KT€iv, gain; tov koXov, honor. — tovtov, gen. after ^d- 
 catrOat, v. <j>€i8o|JLat (G. 171, 2). — T|p.ds ravro, the same to us (G. 165). 
 
 34. KoXXicTTT] : Critias, who was a very able man, a kinsman of Plato 
 and a friend of Socrates, wrote a treatise on the excellence of the Spartan 
 constitution. — dvrl . . . irtiGeo-Sai, instead of yielding to the majority. — 
 Tots •irpaTTop.evois, tJie acts of the government. — dv before ol'co-Oe belongs 
 to d^KoSfivat (G. 211). — iroXXoiis . . . ti|xiv, icould make many of those ulvo 
 hold views (Yi"yvwo-KovT«v) hostile to you haughty. — t«v ^|«, the political 
 exiles, those who afterwards restored the democracy. 
 
 35. d-iroKTeivat (G. 203). — ovk ^pxov Kar* ckcCvuv Xo-yov, i. e. my 
 
 charge against the7ii did not begin the controversy. — TrpocrTax0€v, ichen it 
 was ordered (G. 278, 2). — diroXo7ovi|i£vos, alleging in defence. — oviSc, not 
 even. — ^^ 8ti, iiot to say, much less. — ^8o|a . . . Xc y^iv, was acknowledged 
 to have spoken (seemed to speak) reasonably. 
 
 Page 71. — irpoeftcvoi, v. irpoC-r]|jLi. — d'rroXeo'dai (G. 265). — dTroirXc- 
 ovTss wxovTO, sailed away (G. 279, 4, N. ). 
 
 36. •7rapav€vop,T]K€vai, has acted unlawfully (1. e. in accusing me) ; for 
 which some editors suggest the milder irapavevoiiKevai, has erred in judg- 
 ment. — -ircveo-ras, serfs (like the Laconian Helots) : the charge of exciting 
 a democratic revolt would be particularly galling to a proud aristocrat like 
 Critias. 
 
 37. «v, sc. Ik€ivwv, depending on [xiiSe'v. — jjitiS^v . . . "ye'voiTO, mxiy noth- 
 ing of the kind be done here* — vfxds, obj. of Travo-ai, depose you (see § 43, 
 below). — SiKaiov ctvai explains raZt, the obj. of op-oXcyw. — €l Karavoii- 
 o-€T6, see last note on § 31. 
 
 38. (lexp*- • • • KaTao-TT]vat, U7itil you were established in tlie. viagistracy 
 iPovkiiav) : p-cXP*- ToO belongs also to diroScix^'nvat and {nrd-yeo-Gat ; but 
 with vird'y€o-0ai, fxexpt must be translated while. — Nnoipdrov, son of the 
 famous Nicias, who fell in Sicily B. c. 413. 
 
82 XENOPHON. 
 
 40. virdiTTcos 6^oi€v, ivoulcl he suspicious (G. 202, 4). — ?Ka<rTOv, see 
 § 21. — TovTtuv diroXojat'vwv (G. 226, 1) represents the protasis to fe'<roivTo: 
 ill the direct form, edv oiiroi dTroXwvrat, iroX€|xioi ^crovrat. 
 
 Page 'J'2. — 41. irapTjpovvTO, took away (see § 20, above). — ^wos . . . 
 «(J>€X€iv, in appos. with tovtov ?v€Ka (G. 215, Rem.). — |at]S€v, in nothing. 
 
 — e^Tiv "yap, k,Q.., for if they had wanted that, they might have left no one 
 (G. 222, N. 2) by distressing [the city] with famine a little longer {'in) : 
 TTiia-avras agrees with the understood .suhj. of Xiireiv (G. 138, N. 8 b). 
 
 42. ovK av ISoKei jioi, again, I did 'not approve. — to dvTiTroXov, tJie op- 
 position, of which the head-quarters were with the exiles. — ovtcus, in this 
 way, referring to the following protasis. — cl . . . Trpoo-yevTio-oivTO . . . <j)a- 
 v>'j<roivTo : (Jt€v and Be show that el belongs to both verbs. In the direct 
 form the protasis would have the fut. indie. (G. 223, N. 1). 
 
 44. d e-yo) Xe'-yto and d outoi irpdrToucriv are subj. of ■y^Yveo-Oai. — &v 
 belongs to PovXetrOai (G. 211). — ovtoi, i. e. the Thirty, represented by 
 Critias. — aurovs, i. e. the exiles. — xa^eirbv . . . Xwpas, that they think it 
 icould be hard to get even a footing amjivhere in the country : rj-yeio-Oai, like 
 vo}JLt^€iv, depends on oI|i.ai (avroiis) ; and xaXcTrbv dv etvat (= x<i^€irbv dv 
 f]v) depends on Tj-ycio-Oai. 
 
 45. olos, [such a one] as, with infin. (G. 261). — d, sc. lK€iva (G. 160). 
 
 Page 'J'3. — TcrpaKoo-iftjv, see § 30, above. — Trdo-T) iroXircCa, any form 
 of government (G. 184, 2). 
 
 46. cKeivoi ov8ev dvt€o-av, they (the Spartans) relaxed nothing of their 
 hostility. — ol 6.^^\ kc the party of the oligarchy (G. 141, N. 3). — 
 ^pvpia: this was a fort on the mole (x^H-^) which commanded the entrance 
 of the harbor of Piraeus, built under pretence of defending the city from a 
 hostile fleet, but really to introduce a Lacedaemonian force to uphold the 
 tyranny of the Four Hundred. — v^' avrois iroiTJc-acrOat, make subject to 
 tJiemselves. 
 
 47. diroKaXet, nicknames. — ws ireipwiievov, because (as he says) I try. 
 
 — tL ttots, what in the tcorld ? 
 
 48. ov Tpdo-Qcv . . . irpiv, not . . . until. — Kal ot 8ouXoi . . . H€tc'xoi€V, 
 until even the slaves, and those who for poverty would sell the state for a 
 drachma, should receive a drachma, i. e. have a seat in the Senate, the pay 
 of a senator being a drachma (17 cts.) a day. Or the passage may mean 
 simpl}'-, until all who would sell the state for a drachma should have an 
 opportunity to do so, i. e. should have a drachma offered them. — ctvai dv 
 represents dy\ dv, and uplv . . . ficrexoiev stands like a conditional relative 
 sentence (G. 240, 1, third example). — ol . f . dv diroSdfxevoi (G. 211) is 
 equivalent to €K€ivot oi . . . dv d-jroSoivTO. — c-y-yeveo-Gai dv ( = t-yYc'voiTO 
 dv), could arise or be formed. — els to . . . Tvpavvei(r9ai, lit. into the [con- 
 dition of] being under the tyrminy of a, few. — to |X£ vtoi . . . iroXiTeiav, 
 hut with the help of the jJowerful, both by horses and by shields, to aid tJie 
 governmeiit (I say) by tliese means; all this is the subject of ctvai, if the 
 
HELLENICA 2, III. 83 
 
 text is correct. But 8ta tovtwv is thus a mere repetition of what precedes, 
 and the words have probably been corrupted in copying. 
 
 49. cav . . . cXe-yx^" • • • irpdrTwy . . . ireiroiTiKws, if I am {sliall be) con- 
 victed of doing . . . or of having done (G. 2S0) : the apodosis 8iKaC«s dv 
 airo0VT|<rK€iv, that I should justly die, has another protasis iniplit;d in 
 iraSiiv (= €1 irdeoLiit) ; see note on § 27, above. — ttrxaTwrara (double 
 superlative), cxtremcst. 
 
 50. 8t|\ti . . . eTTiGopvPifjo-ao-a, let it he seen tJiat it applauded vnth favor 
 (G. 280, N. 1). 
 
 Page 74. — cl €irtTp£'\|/€t : some MSS. have eiriTpeil/ot, corresponding to 
 d'Tro(j)€ti^oi,TO (see G. 247, N. 1). — ov Picuxdv, intolerable. — tows . . . 'i\ov- 
 Tas, the young men mentioned in § 23. — 4>av£p<ii)s ttj ^ovXt] (G. 185). — 
 8pv(|)dKTois, tlie railing, which separated the Senate from the spectators. 
 
 51. irpooTaTou . . . ol'ov 8€i, that it is the duty of a leader ivlw is what he 
 ought to be (for toloutov otov ctvai 8ei). — ds &v . . . p.-^ ciriTpcTrr], not to 2^er- 
 mit : irregular for to . . . \i.i\ ciriTpeireiv. — ot8€, the young men above 
 mentioned. — twv Svtwv, dep. on (x-riSe'va. — Kvpiovs Oavarovv, competent to 
 put to death. — |vv8oKoiiv, since it is agreed on (G. 278, 2). 
 
 52. 'Eo-Tiav : the altar of Hestia ( Vesta), the Goddess of the Household, 
 ** the senatorial hearth, the altar and sanctuary in the midst of the Senate 
 house." — ciri Kpiria, in the poicer of Critias. 
 
 53. {i|xwv, obj. of 0au|Jtd|co (G. 171, 2). — Kal ravra "YiYvwo-KOvres, and 
 that too, wJien you know. — ovSe'v (G. 160, 2). — to vjiciiv €Kd(rTOv, tluit of 
 any one of you. 
 
 54. Tovis ^vScKtt, the Eleven, who had charge of prisons and executions. 
 — Iirl Tov 0T]pa}ifcVTiv, to seize Theramenes. — cKeivoi, nom. \\4thout verb. 
 
 Page "75. — ov Set, to tlie proper place, with dira-ya-yovTcs. — rd Ik tov- 
 Twv, what follows from this, i. e. execution. 
 
 65. TO ^|j-7rpoo-0€v, the S2)ace in front. 
 
 56. 8T]XoiivTa ota ^irao-x^, proclaiming aloud the treatment he was s%ifer- 
 ing. — ouK . . . oljxw^o(jLai, shall I not suffer ? The word, as used by Saty- 
 rus, meant that he would suffer for it if he did not keep quiet. — to Xciird- 
 |fccvov, i. e. the last few drops of hemlock. — diroKOTxaPio-avTa, jerking out : 
 the KOTTaPos was a sort of toast, in which the guest flung out a few drops 
 of wine, at the same time calling the name of his beloved ; the sound of 
 the wine, as it struck the mark aimed at, was accepted as an omen, or sign 
 of favor. — cKeivo tov dvSpds, this quality of the man. — to belongs to diro- 
 Xiireiv, in appos. with ckcivo. 
 
 "The scene just described," says Mr. Grote, "is one of the most strik- 
 ing and tragical in ancient history. The atrocious injustice by which 
 I Theramenes perished, as well as the courage and self-possession which he 
 displayed in the moment of danger, and his cheerfulness even in the prison, 
 not inferior to that of Socrates three years afterwards, naturally enlist tiiC 
 waimost pyinpathies in his favor. But ... he was a selfish, cunning, 
 
Si XENOPHON. 
 
 and faithless man ; ready to enter into conspiracies, yet never foreseeing 
 their consequences ; and breaking faitli to the ruin of colleagues "whom he 
 had lirst encouraged, when he found them more consistent and thorough- 
 going in crhue than himself." 
 
 IV. 1. irpoiiTTov fx^ da-Uvai, i. e. excluded or expelled from the city. — 
 f]7ov, arrested: it was said that as many as fifteen hundred prisoners suf- 
 fered death. Among the banished were the most eminent intellectual 
 teachers, native or foreign, Socrates being hardly spared. — (|>cvy6vtwv, 
 genitive absolute. — eve'irX-qorav (v. cfiTriirX-qjAi), i. e. the Thirty caused 
 Megara, &c. to be filled with the fugitives ({iiroxwpovivTwv). 
 
 2. (OS (Tvv, with about. — #vXt|v, Phyle, a frontier fortress among the 
 hills, on the road to Thebes, about fifteen miles from Athens. 
 
 Page KQ, — 3. TTis vvKTos Kai rr\ vxTrepata, during tlie night (G. 179, 1) 
 and on tJie next day (G. 189). — vtro, [taken] by. 
 
 4. X€T]\aTT|o-oi€V, would forage (i. e. those in Phyle). — (|>vXds : the 
 Attic army Avas mustered according to the ten tribes. 
 
 5. <ruv€iX€"y|X€'vwv (v. crvXXcYw), as there were gathered, gen. abs. "with 
 ircpl lirraKoo-iovs. 
 
 6. dvicTTavTO, i. e. the forces of the Thirty. — Sirot, to [the post] where 
 (after dvio-ravTo, which implies motion), i. e. each to his own work. — 
 SirXwv, encampment. — 'ifnx. |X€v ovs, some (G. 152, n. 2). 
 
 Page '3"y. — 8. Iv rots iirirevo-i, under guard of tlie cavalry. — TroVoi 
 div, i. e. the people of Eleusis. — irpocrSeiqo'oivTO (G. 243), how much ad- j 
 ditional garrison they would need (i. e. in consequence of the seizure of | 
 Phyle). — Tov del €|iovTa, every one as he went out. — |vv€iXt][a|X€'voi ! 
 (v. o-vXXauPdvco), seized. A similar visit and seizure of prisoners was 
 made at Salamis. — tois ^vSeKa, i. e. for execution. 
 
 9. 'fiiSetov : not the Odeum of Pericles, but the older building near the 
 Ilissus, once used as a theatre. — tovs dXXous, those not mentioned in 
 § 4 and § 6. — Tavrd t||iiv, the same with us (G. 159, N. 2 ; 186, N. 2). 
 
 10. 60-ois . . 2|X€X€v, to such cts cared only for gain. The number thus put 
 to death, says Lysias, was about three hundred. — k^or\Qovv, went to tlieir 
 relief (i. e. that of their party in Piraeus). — ^ircixa, i. e. on approaching 
 the Piraeus. — dvat}>c'po-uo-av, leading up, i. e. to the high ground. 
 
 11. yA\ dvievai avrovs, not to let them come up, i. e. upon any of the high 
 land of the peninsula. — kvkXos, the whole circidt of the fortifications which 
 surrounded the Piraeus. The name Piraeus was given to the whole penin- 
 sula with its three harbors ; this included Munychia, which Avas the high 
 hill on the east side of the peninsula, directly overlooking the smallest of | 
 the three harbors, the little bay of Munychia. The town of Piraeus occu- 
 pied part of the larger lower hill south of the great harbor (the har- 
 bor called Piraeus), and extended across the isthmus along the shore, and i|i 
 over the low land west and northwest of MunA'chia, to the place at which j 
 the two long walls from Athens joined the fortifications of the Piraeus. In 
 
hellf:nica 2, iv. 85 
 
 this northern part of the town of Piraeus was the market-place named for 
 Hippodamus of Miletus, who was employed by Fericlus to lay out the new 
 town of Piraeus. Hippodamus astonished the Athenians by his broatl 
 straight streets, crossing each other at right angles. One of these was the 
 street here mentioned, leading from the great square (the ctYopd) up tho 
 hill of Munychia ; on which hill stood the temple of Artemis iMunychia 
 and that of the Thracian Artemis (Bendis), [On many maps the relative 
 I)Ositions of Munychia and Piraeus are reversed, and Phalerum is wrongly 
 made one of the three harbors of the peninsula of Piraeus. ] 
 
 Page 78. — e-ye'vovro . . . d<nri8wv, tJiey formed [a body] not less than 
 fifty shields in depth. — dvw, upioards, to Munychia. 
 
 12. dvTaveirX-qo-av, i. e. Thrasybulus and his men filled the upper part 
 of the same street to oppose them. — lir' avrois, behind tliem. — auT69ev, 
 froin that quarter. — Iv w, while. — GeVGai, to rest the shield on the gi'ound. 
 
 — (TTos, taking his stand (not standiiuj) : see G. 200, N. 5 b. 
 
 13. €10-1 Twv irpo<ridvTft)v, &c., there are among those who are advanHng 
 against us (G. 169, 1), first, those on the right, whom, d'C. — Tjpe'pav ire'ji- 
 irTr\v,four days ago (G. 161, x. ). See Anab. 4, V. 2i. — direo-TjixatvovTo, 
 nuirkcd for death: this word usually means to put a seal on pro2)erty taken 
 for confiscation (see above, II. 21, with note). — ou, wliere, explained in 
 the next section, 
 
 14. ^xovT€s . . . KaQe'oTafxey, vm stand in front of them, with arms in our 
 hands. — on . . . ^uveXajjLpavd}ifc6a, because ive were seized while dining, <L'C. 
 
 — 01 8c Kttl, some of u^ also. — ovy Sircos dSiKovvres, not only wlien we were 
 guilty of no wro^ig : lit. not to speak of our being guilty of any wrong : in 
 full ou Xe'lo) Bttcos (= a>s) dSiKovvTcs e(j)\)-ya8eud|xe0a. — xeijioiva, &c,, see 
 §§ 3 and 6 (above). 
 
 Page 79. — 15. €|i|d|X€0a, v. 6|iKV€0|xai : it governs the gen. by G. 
 171, 1. 
 
 16. wero dv ns, one might suppose (G. 226, 2). — duapTrjo-cTai, xvill 
 miss : the object avrtov (antec. of wv, § 238) is understood. — SpaTrerev- 
 o-ovo-iv, will skulk, a word used in contempt of fugitive slaves. — IvaXXo- 
 |i€vovs, leaping or rushing upon them, agrees with TJ|ids, the omitted sub- 
 ject of dvarpeireiv, instead of agreeing with iq|jLiv understood after k%kfr-rox 
 (G. 138, N. 8). 
 
 17. '^Kao-Tos Tis . . . cov, each man shall be conscious to himself of being 
 the main cause of victory (G. 217). — avxTj, slie, viz. vCkt]. — ols da-C, to 
 those who have them (G. 153, N. 1). — thjiwv, gen. part, after oi. — emSojcri 
 (G. 232, 3), V. l(|>opdcd. — jjivrjjxeiou . . . Tev^erai, for none so rich, wlio shall 
 win so fair a sepulchre : the construction is idiomatic ; understand ovtw 
 before KaXov. — 'EvvdXiov, the God of battles, a name of Ares (or Mars). — 
 dv9' <ov vjSpio-G-qjJiev, in requital of the insults ive have borne: the active 
 construction would be, ravra Tjfjids vPpf^ctv (G. 150, n. 4 ; 153, N. 1). 
 
86 XENOPHON. 
 
 N 
 
 18. 6 jxdvTis : fhe article is used because the projyhct or diviner had hig 
 official place in the host. — eireiSdv . . . Sokci, the words of the diviner. 
 
 19. Tt'OaTTTai, lies hurled. — twv SeKa, chiefs of the force established by 
 the Thirty. — Xap|xi8i]s : he was an uncle of Plato, from whom one of 
 Plato's dialogues is named. — iroXXot, many [of both parties]. 
 
 Page §0. — 20. 6 t«v (jlvcttwv K^ipvl, the herald of the [Eleusinian] 
 mysteries, belonging to one of the ancient priestly families. {See jEumol- 
 pidae in Smith's Diet, of Antiquities). — KaTao-i(o'jrT](rdp,€vos, having pro- 
 claiiyied silence. — ^vYxop^vrai, cojnjjanions in the choral dance. 
 
 21. irpos, in the name of. — oXiyov Seiv, almost (G. 268). — direKT^va- 
 o-iv, V. diroKTtivo). — |JLTi<riv, v. jjliqv. — 8eKa ^ttj, the last ten years of the 
 Peloponnesian war, the Decelean war. 
 
 22. Tcov diroOavdvTwv, part. gen. after ^o-tiv ou's. — dXXd Kal . . . Karc- 
 8a;{pi)o-a[X€v, some of them we too greatly lamented. — ol Xoiiroi, tlie survivors 
 of the Thirty. 
 
 23. |vv€Kd0t]VTo, V. <rv7Kd0T]fjiat. — SieAepovro, disputed, wrangled. — 
 ^laidrepov (sc. tov irpoo-iiiKovTos), unusually or unduly violent. 
 
 Page §1. — Tois TpidKOvra, dat. after ireLOeo-Gat. — to t{K(.vto.Iov, final- 
 ly (G. 160, 2). — 6Keivous KaTairavcrat, to depose them (the Thirty). 
 
 24. 'EXevo-ivdSe (G. 61), see § 8, above. — t«v kv do-rei, those in the 
 city (gen. following €Tr€|i€XovTo). — ItjxiSevov, they patrolled. — to |Jt^v d4»* 
 lorirepas (G. 161), after dark. — to Sk Trpbs opGpov, hut towards mornin^y 
 an exception to the preceding statement. 
 
 25. otTivcs, [to] ivhoever : understand an antecedent dative after ^(r€- , 
 o-0at, depending on irio-Ta Sovtcs, giving pledges that all who, d;c. should \ 
 have equal rights. The direct discourse would be [irdo-iv] o^tivcs dv ^vfi,- I 
 •iroX€|X'<i(rft)o-i, Kal cdv ^€V0t ucriv, IcroTeXcta ^ccTai. 
 
 Many exiles came to their aid, others sent money or arms, — the orator 
 Lysias sending two hundred shields and two thousand drachmas in money, 
 and hiring, besides, 300 fresh soldiers ; there was one loan of five talents 
 in money (.$5,400), afterwards repaid by the people, 
 
 26. '4(mv 6t€, at times. — Xtjo-Tas ex^^povvTo, roughly handled foragers. 
 
 — Al^oDveW, men froin Aexone, a town (or deme) on the coast of Attica. 
 
 — iroXXcSv iirTrewv, i. e. many of the men under Lysimachus. 
 
 27. T«v iinrecDV, possessive gen. (sc. 6vTa) after KaXXiCTpaTOv. 
 
 Page 82. — el 8^ ... Set cltreiv, if I may he permitted to speak : the} 
 apodosis (epcS, / will speak) is omitted. — tov fXT^xo-voiroiov depends onfj 
 TovTo. — KaTa TOV Ik Avkciov Zp6[iov, over the race-course leading from the 
 Lyceum. The Lyceum was a gymnasium just outside of the city walls onj 
 the east ; and it was used in the next century by Aristotle as his place ofj 
 instniction, as the Academy was used by Plato (see note on II. 8, above). 
 
HELLENICA 2, iv. 87 
 
 For this reason the word is a familiar one in modem lancni^.^Jf's. tliou.!]jh in 
 a so7newhat dilierent meaning. — 6ttov PouXoito (G. 2i6). — tov 8p6nov, 
 partitive gen. after 6irov. — irpd^naTa, trouble. 
 
 28. 8ti . . . cI't], that it teas jjossible (not would be) : the direct discourse 
 was otdv T€ toTtv . . . edv diroKXcio-Owo-iv (G. 223). — avrois, the oligarchy 
 at Atliens. 
 
 29. \i-iya. €<j>pdvow lirl tw Avo-dvSpw, were highly elated with hopes of 
 Ly Sander. — irpo\wpovvTO)v (sc. twv Trpa-yfiaTwy), when matters were thics 
 goiny on. — el ... cv8oKip,T|(roi . . . ttoitio-oito (G. 248, 2 ; 226, 4, x. 1). 
 irtto-as, by consent of. — 4>povpdv (in its Spartan sense), an armed force. 
 
 Ly Sander's selfish policy had already disgusted the general feeling of the 
 Greeks ; and a party in Sparta, jealous of his authority, were resolved that 
 he should not plant his o\\'n creatures a second time as rulers of Athens. 
 On his arrival at Athens, Pausanias was beset with prayers for protection 
 and redress by those who had suffered from the tyranny of the oligarchs, 
 which strongly inclined him to make terms with the patriot party. 
 
 30. 8x1 e-yi-yvwo-Kov, because they were of o'pinion : they suspected that 
 Pausanias meant to make Attica a separate province of Sparta (olKciav Ka^ 
 TTio-T-qv). — 'AXi-n-f'Sw, the low land near Piraeus. 
 
 Page 83. — 31. cirl rd lavrwv, to their homes. — 8crov dirb Pofjs ?v€K€v, 
 
 only for appearance' sake (lit. as far as shouting went, im2)lying with no real 
 purpose). One preposition is superfluous, and the simpler 8o-ov dirb Po-fis 
 is found in later Greek. — SfjXos . . . olv (G. 280, N. 1). — K(uc})bv Xip-e'va, 
 the still harbor, probably the small cove west of the principal harbor of 
 Piraeus. — tttj cvairoxeixiorTos, i. e. where was the best line for blockading 
 the Piraeus (i. e. on the side towards Athens). 
 
 32. Ivivras (v. evtT]}ii), at full speed, used intransitively. — tovs . . , 
 ■fJPi^S, i. e. those who had been ten years of the military age ; referring to 
 the civic k^v^\.{x., which began in the eighteenth year. 
 
 33. eirl iroSa, backward (without turning). — ot T€9a|JL}x.evoi (v. OdirTw) 
 ^v KtpafictKw, i. e. whose graves are in the Ccramicus. The outer Cerami- 
 cus is described by Thucydides as "the most beautiful suburb" of Athens. 
 It was northwest of the citj', and the road to the Academy (see note on 
 II. § 8, above) passed through it. On this road (as on the Roman Via 
 Appia) were many monuments of illustrious men, especially of such as had 
 fallen in battle. 
 
 34. eirl oktw, eight deep. — l^€wor0T|<rav, v. €|c«)0€«. — Iv rats 'AXats : 
 
 this must refer to the marshy district at the junction of Piraeus with the 
 mainland, not to either of the Attic demes called 'AXaC. 
 
 Page 84:. — 35. ov8' «s, not even under these circumstances: «s for 
 ovTws is rare in Attic prose (G. 29, n. ). — ota is object of Xe'-yovras, which 
 belongs to irpeo-peis. — SiCo^t], divided (by making discord). "It seems 
 plain that this is not a correct account. Pausanias did not create this dis- 
 
88 XENOPHON. 
 
 cord, but found it already existing, and had to choose which of the parties 
 he would adopt. The peace-i)arty was ah-eady ujipermost in Athens, and 
 it was both easiest, and most for the Lacedaemonian interest, to follow the 
 course he did." Grote. 
 
 36. vo|j,i^€Tai, it is according to [Spartan] custom. — Tf]s "yvwixtis 6vt€S 
 
 being of tlte opinion. 
 
 37. dirb Tov koivov, i. e. Uiose representing the government, the Ten 
 (§§ 23, 24), the first embassy being sent by Pausanias, — xpf](r0ai S ti 
 PovXovrat, to deal with as they pleased (G. 248). — d|Lovv, thought fit. 
 
 38. ^X^iv (G. 267). — dtrie'vai, &c., i. e. no man should be molested for 
 past acts, except the Thirty, &c. 
 
 39. StfjKe (v. 8itTj}ji.i), disbanded. 
 
 Page 85. — 40. ck tov fio-Teos &v8p€s, i. e. those Avho had fought against 
 Thrasybulus. — "yvwvat vjids aiirovs, to come to knoiv yourselves. — IttI tivi 
 . . . <}>povT]T£'ov . . . oio-xe, on what ground you have a right to be [so) pre- 
 suming, as, d'C. — 8iKaioo-vvT]s ov8ev {i|xtv irpocnrlKei, i. e. you have no claim 
 on the score of justice. 
 
 41. i] a>s, than tlie manner in ivMch. — ol -yc would naturally be the sub- 
 ject of ol'xovTai, but it is disregarded after the clause oio-irep . . . irapa- 
 SiSdacTLv, and KdK€ivot is introduced [hj anacoluthon) after ovtw. The sub- 
 ject of Trapa8i8oao-!,v is Tive's understood. — dTrtcvres (G. 279, 4, n.). 
 
 42. ^ dvSpes : here he addresses his own followers, who had just taken 
 the oath in the Acropolis. — ov . . . d|t(5 . . . irapapfivai ovSiv, I adjure you 
 not to violate any part of the oath which you have taken (»v oiiSev = ovZlv 
 k-Aziviav d). Ovk d|i(3 sometimes means I ask some one not to do something 
 (like q{) <|)7]ixi, I deny) : here ov8ev (not {it]8£v) merely repeats the negative 
 idea expressed in ov . . . d|t(3. — Iin8et|ai depends on d|ia) (without ov). 
 
 43. dpxds, magistrates [aiUhorities) : the chief Archon then chosen, the 
 Eponymus of the year 403 - 402, was Euclides, whose year is a famous era 
 in Athenian history. — tovs ev 'EXevo-ivt : see § 24, above. — fj ji'^v, a 
 formula often prefixed to an oath. — p.-?) ^vr\frivi(x.Kr\a-&.v, not to remember 
 evil, i. e. they declared an amnesty (a- and (jLviio-Tts). A part of the oath 
 was as follows : Kai ov |xvTio-iKaKir|o-w t«v iroXtTcSv ov8€Vi, irX-^iv twv rpid- 
 Kovxa Kttl TWV ^v8€Ka. — 6fj.ov TToXiTevovTai, they conduct the government in 
 harmony, i. e. the oligarchical party and the democracy. 
 
 After these events, Athens was still left comparatively weak, dis- 
 abled by the loss of her fortifications and of the long walls connect- 
 ing the city with the port, until the great naval victory of Conon at 
 Cnidus (b. c. 394) enabled him to rebuild the walls, and restore to the 
 city something of its ancient glory and strength. 
 
 >l 
 
 % 
 
 ii 
 
HELLENICA 7, V. 89 
 
 [Book VII] 
 
 The peace of Antalcidas (n. c. 387) had left Sparta still supreme 
 in Greece. But a few years later (b. c. 379) the patriot party in 
 Thebes, by a fortunate surprise, expelled the Spartan garrison, and 
 made the city independent. Under Epaminonda.s her one great gen- 
 eral and statesman, Thebes rapidly rose to power ; and for nearly ten 
 years after the great victory of Leuctra (b. c. 371) she held the first 
 rank among the Grecian states. In 369 b. c. Epaminondas invaded 
 the Peloponnesus, and established Arcadia as an independent power, 
 with a strong military frontier against Sparta. It was to secure this 
 that the second invasion was made, resulting in the battle of ^lanti- 
 nea, which closed the long period of the domestic wars of indepen- 
 dent Greece. The battle of Mantinea was fought in 362 b. c. 
 
 Mantinea was a town about forty miles north of Sparta, and the 
 head-quarters of the Peloponnesian army. Tegea was about ten miles 
 farther south. Epaminondas had made a rapid march upon Sparta, 
 and had actually entered the outskirts of the city, which was without 
 walls : and, says Xenophon, " had not a Cretan providentially (deia 
 TivL fj-olpa) come and told Agesilaus that the army was at hand, he 
 would liave taken the city, all defenceless, like a nest of young birds. 
 But Agesilaus was warned, and beforehand in the city ; and the Spar- 
 tans, though very few, held their ground in good order." At this 
 point the narrative begins. 
 
 V. 11. Page 86. — lirei l-ye'vcTO, after he Juid entered, dr. — ravTr], 
 antecedent of Sirov. — pXTj9T|(r€(r0at, to be hit with missiles. — ov8' 6irov . . . 
 TToXXoi 6vT€S, nor where theij (the Thehans) being many loould have no ad- 
 vantage in battle over the small number (of the enemy). — toOto XaPwv . . . 
 KaTe'Paive, &c., i. e. he took possession of this place (and held it until he was 
 driven from it, as is described in § 12), and descended to the low land, icith- 
 ont going up (farther) into the city. Sparta was built on a line of hills 
 along the right bank of the Eurotas. Epaminondas must have ascended 
 these hills to enter even the outskirts of the city ; and he was obliged to 
 descend to the bank of the river to take the road to Tegea and Mantinea. 
 
 12. ri) evxevGcv 7€vd}i€vov, what ensued, accusative (G. 160, 1) for the 
 regular genitive (G. 173, 2) : cvrevGev refers to yjaplov XaPuv, not to Kwri- 
 Paive. — iiifrri, ive may. — tois dirovevoT] [le'vois (G. 187), tJie desperate 
 (lit. tliose tcho have lost all thought, i. e. for hfe). — 'ApxiSafios, son of the 
 great king Agesilaus. — 8ir€p . . . KwXv}jLa, i. e. difficult ground. — -irOp 
 irvt'ovTts refers to the excitement of the Thebans on actually entering 
 Sparta. 
 
 13. irepie-ylYpairro, a limit had been set (lit. a line had been draivn). — 
 avTois, the Spartans (see beginning of § 12). 
 
90 
 
 XENOPHON. 
 
 1 
 
 14. ol 'ApKdScs, i. e. the Peloponnesian aratiy at Man tinea. — dXXcos t« ^ 
 Kat, especially. — ivTvxr\K6a-i, victorious, in the conflict just narrated. — 
 Tcov Be, &c., while they (the Thebans) had failed (G, 143, 1, N. 2). — Sc-qdels 
 avTciv, urging them. 
 
 Page Sy. — eiKos, sc. eVrj or k<nLv. — ^^w, abroad, exposed. 
 
 15. kic, 'EXevo-ivos : they had accordingly marched between fifty and 
 sixty miles the first day ; and after passing the night at the Isthmus, they 
 had come nearly forty miles without food that day (dvdpto-Toi). — krvy- 
 Xavov irpoo-idvTes, i. e. they hairpened to arrive just as the Thebans were 
 coming up from Sparta, 
 
 16. aS, as well, i. e. as that of the Spartans. — 8vo-ruxTi|i.aTOs : the 
 Corinthians were at peace with Thebes, and probably inflicted some annoy- 
 ance on this hostile troop. — ws elSov : the Thebans were within a mile of 
 the town. — o-vveppa|av (v. crvppTJ'yvvjjii and <rvppdo'<rft)). — cp«vT€S, eager. 
 
 17. al'Tiot . . . (rtoGijvai, it was through them, that tlie Mantineans saved 
 all their out-door possessions. — &v8p€S ayaQol : among them was Gryllus, 
 son of Xenojjhon, who was represented in a picture made at the time in the 
 act of killing the Theban commander ; hence the story that in the battle 
 which followed he slew Epaminondas with his own hand. — SfiXov 8ti 
 (sc. ducKTeivav), manifestly, is parenthetical, as usual. — ov irpoTJKavTO 
 (v. TrpoiT^ixi, G. 110, III. 1, N. 1). did riot leave unburied. — -fjv oils (G. 152, 
 N. 2), some, imperfect of (-(mv ol. 
 
 18. 'Eirap.sivwvSas would naturally be subject of some verb meaning 
 thought : but after the long participial sentence, the construction changes 
 to C'.a-Ti otiK ISoKei avrtS. — €t 8^ KaTa\et\j/oi ois •?jX0€ . . . iroXiopKTJo-oivTo : 
 the direct discourse would be d KaTaX€L\|;<o ots rjXQov (G. 247 Avith N. 2) 
 . . . T7oXiopKT^(rovTai. — ^o-oito X€Xv|xao-|X£VOS represents ^(rofxai XeXvixao-ue- 
 vos, I sJmll have ruined, periphrastic fut. pcrf. mid. of Xv|xaivt«) (G. 109, 6, 
 N.); the fut. perf.act. is generally formed thus (G. 118, 3). — 8d|Ti(G. 184. 2). 
 
 Page 8§. — Tov o-vvfo-Tdvai, of the alUance (betAveen those mentioned). 
 
 — ouK . . . SxjvaTov : as if he had come with any other object than fighting. 
 
 — dvaXvo-oiTO, would make good (properly, undo, cancel, hence, restore to the 
 former condition) : see G. 199, 2. — ireipcDp.eVo) (sc. lavroi), after KaXi^v. 
 
 19. ft>s . . . dTTOKdfivetv, so as to shrink from no labor (G. 266, n. 1). 
 
 20. ws . . . €o-o[X€vqs, because, as he said, there was to be a battle (G. 277, 
 N. 2 ; 278). — 6Tr£7pd<j>ovTO . . . poiraXa, probably, painted the figure of a 
 club (as the amis of Thebes, in memory of Hercules as a Theban hero) on 
 their shields, thus identifying themselves with the Thebans (cos ©TiPatoi 
 ovT€s). There is equally good authority for reading pa-iraXa ^x^vres, which 
 would imply a sneer at the Arcadian "heaA^-infantry," armed only with 
 clubs (see Grote's note), and lTr€'ypd(|>ovTO Avould then seem to mean, the'g 
 inscribed tlieir shields (?) as if they were Thebans, i. e. with the letter 0, 
 
HELLENIC A 7, v. 91 
 
 21. T'^v o-i>VTO|ia)TdTT]v (sc. 68dv), tlie directest way. — to. irpbs tonrtpav 
 SpT], the hills on the west are that part of the range of Maenulus which fuct^s 
 Tegea. The great eastern phiin of Arcadia, which is two thousand feet 
 above the sea and surrounded by high mountains, may be comp)ared in its 
 shape to an hour-glass, its two parts — the pUiin of Maiitinea and the j)lain 
 of Tegea — being separated by a narrow passage about a mile wi(U\ Wlien 
 Epaniinondas marched Avitli the greater part of his army iVum 'i'cgca (see 
 § 14), instead of taking the direct road to Mantinea (ten miles distant), he 
 turned to the left, approaching the hills which enclose the 2>lain of Tegea 
 on the northwest. 
 
 22. TTpos T(3 6p£i . . . virb tois v\j/T]Xots refer to the part of Maenalus 
 which was near the narrow pass leading into the valley of Mantinea, 
 
 Page 89. — cirl Kc'pcos, in column. — to ^p,po\ov, the attacking column : 
 tfiPoXov commonly means the pointed beak with which a ship makes an 
 attack (see § 23). This attack was made from the Theban left wing. — 
 irtio-ofjieVois (sc. rio-iv), men likely to suffer. 
 
 23. dvTiirpwpov, "hows on." — t« lo-xvpoTaTO), i. e. the Thebans and 
 other Boeotians, under Epaniinondas himself. — to do-0€V€'o-TaTov, i. e. the 
 Argives. — oJcnrcp . . . pdQos, i. e. "only with the ordinary depth of a 
 phalanx of lioi)lites (four, six, or perhaps eight deep)." Grote. — ire^wv 
 dfiiirirwv, infantry mixed ivith the cavalry, light-araied, and running beside 
 the horses. 
 
 24. vcviK-qKws ?(r€o-0at, fut. perf. (see note on § 18, above, and G. 118, 
 3), — l7r€i8dv . . . opcao-i (G. 232, 3) refers to the fut. €0€\r^<rovTas as 
 its apodosis : it might have been opt. (G. 248). — to €Xo|jl€Vov, t]ic next 
 adjacent part of the army. — «s . . . eiriKcio-oivTO (G. 202, 4) depends as 
 indirect discourse on (f>dpov ; fear that these ivould attack them, for the 
 coumion construction, fear lest they might attack, ^o^ov jj.-^ eTriKe'oLVTo, 
 See Greek Moods and Tenses, § 46, n. 6(a). — el {3oTf]0r>crc.i€v represents 
 Idv poTjOT^cwo-iv of the direct discourse (G. 247). — o-uixpoX-qv, tlie attack. 
 
 Page 90. — 25. ^vyovrtov avTois, having taken flight for tliem 
 (G. 184, 3), i. e. when they had put them to flight. — Sie'irecrov, &c., tlicy 
 slipped through tlie retreating enemy in their terror. — cirl tov cvwvvfiov, 
 i. e. of the enemy. 
 
 "The calculations of Epaminondas w'ere completely realized. Tho 
 irresistible charge, both of infantry and cavalry, made by himself with hia 
 left wing, not only defeated the troops immediately o[)Y)osed, but caused 
 the enemy's whole army to take flight. It was under these victorioua 
 circumstances, and while he was pressing on the retiring enemy at the head 
 of his Thelian columu of infantry, that he received a mortal wound with a 
 ejiear in the breast." Grote. 
 
 26. TovvavT^ov ov, the opposite of tohat (G. 153, x. 2). 
 
 27. ovSev irXe'ov : the cam2)aign of Mantinea, however, secured the 
 
92 XENOPHON. 
 
 independence of the Arcadian allies of Thebes, and of the anti-Spartan 
 frontier, including Messene. 
 
 The death of Epaminondas — one of the purest of patriot^!, and the 
 most eminent military genius of Greece — was soon followed (361 -360 
 B. c.) by that of Agesilaus, the last of the kings who maintained the 
 ancient glory of Sparta. In the next year (360-359 b. c.) Philip of 
 Macedon ascended the throne, and the whole course of G-reek history 
 was suddenly changed. The struggles for supremacy among the 
 Greek states gave way to a long and hopeless struggle for indepen- 
 dence, which ended in the fatal battle of Chaeronea (338 b. c.) and 
 the subjugation of Greece to Macedonia. 
 
 ^ 
 
 MEMORABILIA. 
 
 The trial and death of Socrates took place in the year b. c. 399. 
 At this time Xenophon was still absent, on the expedition recorded 
 in the " Anabasis." Soon after his return to Athens, while his grief 
 and indignation were still fresh, he wrote that interesting defence of 
 his master's reputation, and illustration of his manner of teaching, 
 given in the "Memorabilia" (Memorials). In this work he begins 
 with a full and distinct denial of the charges made at the trial, fol- 
 lowed by personal anecdotes of Socrates and specimens of his con- 
 versation. Xenophon is chiefly anxious to prove that he Avas a good 
 citizen, in religious belief as well as in way of life ; while the later 
 accounts given by Plato in his dialogues show him much more clearly 
 as an original and independent thinker. Both agree in testifying the 
 highest veneration and the warmest personal regard. 
 
 Socrates was about seventy years old when brought to trial. He 
 had served the state as a soldier in several campaigns in the Pelo- 
 ponnesian war ; and he once saved the life of Alcibiades — one ac- 
 count says, of Xenophon also — in battle. He also served as pre- 
 siding officer in the public assembly when the generals who had been 
 victorious at Arginusae (406 b. c.) were put on trial on the charge of 
 neglecting the shipwrecked and the dead after the battle ; and the 
 cool determination of the old philosopher was never better shown 
 than by his stern refusal to put the question of condemnation to the 
 people in an illegal form. (See note on § 18, below.) He had also 
 incurred the hate and distrust of the Thirty Tyrants by resisting their 
 tyranny; and the revolution under Thrasybulus saved his life from 
 their resentment. 
 
MEMORABILIA 1, r. 9;', 
 
 The general ieeiing against Socrates was part of the conservative 
 reaction alter the democracy was restored. Twenty years belbre this 
 time Aristophanes had ridiculed him in the " Clouds," as one of the 
 contemptible but dangerous innovators in morals and belief; and the 
 prejudice then so pointedly expressed seems to have been felt at the 
 time of his trial. For at least a quarter of a century he had been in 
 the habit of discussing with all sorts and conditions of men, iu streets 
 and public walks or at private entertainments, in a manner very- 
 pointed and free, on any question of opinion or practice that might come 
 up. In particular, he was unsparing in forcing his antagonists to 
 push their conclusions to absurd lengths, and driving them into a cor- 
 ner by his sharp questions. In this way he made some jealous and 
 bitter enemies. Besides, he had been intimate with several men after- 
 wards declared to be public enemies, — particularly Alcibiades, the 
 most dangerous of politicians, and Critias, chief of the Thirty Tyrants. 
 The formal charge against him was, that he did not acknowledge or 
 worship the Gods whom the city worshipped, but introduced new 
 divinities of his own; and that he corrupted the youth of Athens. 
 Each of these counts is distinctly met and replied to in this defence, 
 which gives us the most clear and interesting portrait that has beea 
 left us of any of the remarkable men of antiquity. The portion here 
 given is the first chapter of the first book, with the closing paragraph 
 of the work. 
 
 1. 1. Tio-t Xo-yois, hy what reasonings (G. H9, 2). — ol ypoAfoj^ivoiy 
 those iclto made the charge. The middle -^pa^^frQay. in Attic comniouly 
 means to indict. The accusers of Socrates were Meletus, a poet of poor 
 reputation ; Anytus, a wealthy tradesman, who resented the influence of 
 Socrates to draw his son from his own trade of tanner ; and Lycon, a pop- 
 ular orator and demagogue. Meletus is said to have been put to death, 
 and the others banished, a few years later, when the people repented of 
 their judgment. — tj 7pa(J>i^, the hill of indictment. — rfj iroXci (G. 184, 3). 
 
 Page 91. — oi's . . . vofxt^ci, not regarding as Gods tlwse wlwtn tJie city so 
 regards. See note on Anab. 4, II. 23. 
 
 2. (OS €VO[xi^€V depends on the verbal noun T€K[XT]p{a>. — jiavriKfj, divina- 
 tion. — 8i€Tc9pv\T]TO, it was notorious. — to 8aL|xovi.ov, the divinity : the 
 daemon of Socrates, as he believed, manifested itself by signs or indica- 
 tions, never urging him to any act, but constantly warning him against 
 things ^\Tong or dangerous. — 606V Srj, on which very ground, indeed. 
 
 3. T(5v dXXwv, than others [do]. — (}>Ti|jLais, omens from words ; oTj(ip6- 
 XoiS) from signs or accidents ; Ovcriais, from sacrifices. 
 
 4. ^-uvovTwy, associates. — cos, on the ground that (G. 277, N. 2). — tois 
 . . . (rvv6jj>€pe, to those persuaded hy him, it wets an advantage: |i,f| (G. 283, 
 4). — |X€Te'}i£X€, rejpented (G. 184, 2, x. 1). 
 
94 XENOPHON. 
 
 5. ISoKCi dtv, he would have, seemed, supply ctvai. The imperfects here 
 and in the next sentence refer to past time (G. 222). — elra, then, after all 
 this. — TttvTa, i. e. as to the future. 
 
 6. dWd iJL'^v, hut moreover. — toSc, the following (see G. 148, n. 1). — 
 TOL dvaYKaia, things which Tnust he done, opposed to to, dSt^Xa in the next 
 clause. — Kal irpdrTciv : the force of Kai would be j)lainer here if ovtws 
 preceded, as he believed, <hc., so also to do them. 
 
 Page 92. — dpio-r dv TrpaxS^lvai = dpio-r dv irpaxOcfri (G. 211). — 
 (Jttws diropTjo-oiTo, indirect question for irws diroPrjo-eTai ; — €l iroit]T€a 
 (sc. eo-Ttv or c'lt]), whether they (i. e. rd d8T]Xa) ivere to he done (G. 281, 1). 
 
 7. irpoo-Seto-Oai, needed besides. — tcktovikov, &c. (pred. after 7€V€cr0ai), 
 capable of building, d:c. — dvGpwirwv, gen. after dpyiKov, able to govern men 
 (G. 180, 1). — irdvTa . . . ji,a0T)p,aTa repeats the preceding idea, tcsctovikov 
 . . . -yeve'o-Gai. — Kal dvQpwirov yvia^r^ aipcTg'a elvai, could be grasped even by 
 the mind of vian, i. e. by man's mind Avithout divine help. The clause 
 T€KToviKbv |Ji.€V, &c. refcrs to the mere acq^tisition of these arts, as opposed 
 to rd 8^ (jLt'-yioTTa t<3v Iv tovtois, which follows. 
 
 8. KaTaXeiiretrOai, reserved. — <*v ovh\v etvai (for el'i] or Icrxi), by assimi- 
 lation to KaTaX€iir€(r0ai (G. 260, 2, N. 2). — tw . . . Xapovrt, to him who 
 has gained poioerful connections by m,arriage in the state. — el . . . oTepif|<r€- 
 rai, i. e. whether he will not be banished for being thus connected, in 
 case of political troubles. 
 
 9. 8aip,ovdv : notice the play upon this word and Saijxoviov. — iiavreuo- 
 (JI.6V0VS . . . 8iaKpiv€iv, who seek by divination [to know] ivhat the Gods have 
 granted to men to understand by learning. — oiov, for example. — e7rt^€u"yos, 
 i. e. for taking charge of a team. — t^v vavv, his ship. — d ^^co-tiv . . . elSt- 
 vai, what may be knoivn by counting, d'C. — ois (G. 152). — «(riv (G. 247 
 and 233). — tK^(a, p>ro2ntious (G. 64). 
 
 Page 93. — 10. TrcpiTraTovs, porches or public lualks. — irX-qGovo-qs (170- 
 pds, at the time of full market, towards noon (G. 179, 1). — ^Xc^e ws to 
 TToXv, he was generally talking. 
 
 11. SwKpdrovs, gen. after both etSev and -f^Kovo-cv, by zeugma, taking the 
 case required by i^KOvcrev. — tt]s t<3v irdvTtov <})vt(r£ws, about the nature of 
 the universe. — (Jttojs . . • ^X^''? hoiv what sojjhists call the World (lit. Order) 
 is constituted. The sophists were professional teachers of rhetoric, philos- 
 ophy, &c., whom it was the special delight of Socrates to convict of igno- 
 rance in what they assumed to teach. — dvaYKais, necessary laws. — jitopaf- 
 vovras (G. 280). 
 
 12. irpwTov |xev : this corresponds to Io-koitcl St in § 15. — avrtov to-KO- 
 iret, he used to inqtcire, in regard to them, <L'c. : avriav is a possessive gen. 
 (G, 167, 1), depending on the following clause as on a substantive; 
 cf. o-KOirciv avTwv rdSe, to examine this in (or about) theyn. In § 15 we 
 have co-KOTTgi irtpl avTwv. — iroTepa . . ,^ (G. 282, 5). — irapevTcs (v. iro- 
 piT][j,t), neglecting. 
 
MEMORABILIA 1, i. 95 
 
 13. iQa.v[i.aX,i cl, ?ie wondered that (G. 228), not lie tmndcrcd v^hcther. 
 On the principle of indirect discourse we miglit have had el dr\ here 
 (G. 248, examples under 2). — tovs [leYio-ra <|)povovvTa9 IttL, those v-ho take 
 most pride, in. — So^d^eiv depends on 'i^r[ implied in €9avip.a^€ : see, how- 
 ever, § 8, above. — rots fiatvofie'vois . . . 8iaKei(r9ai, i. e. tlit-ir relation to 
 each other is like that of madmen (G. 186). 
 
 14. T«v . . . p.aivo}ie'va>v tovs jac'v, /or of madmen, some, d'C. (G. 14.'), 1 ). 
 
 — ov8' . . . ctvai, not to seem disgraceful, etc., even in public. — onouv, 
 anj/thing ivJuitever : a relative becomes an indefinite by the addition of -ovv. 
 
 — €|tTT]T€ov etvai (= I^Uvai Seiv), tJiat they ought to come out (G. 281, 2). 
 
 — TO, Tuxovra, lahich thcij may clutnce to find, i. e. accidental. — twv t€ . . . 
 |i«pt|ivtovTcov, part. gen. (corresponding to tcDv tc |i,aivo(Jkeva>v, above) 
 depending on Tois p-tv and rots Se, which is twice repeated. — ^v (lovov to 
 6v etvat, tJiat all Being (to 6v) is hut one. — dTreipa, pred. after ctvai, 
 referring to to 6v, i. e. tliat Being has countless forms. — oiuSev dv ttotc 
 KivrjGfjvai, tluit iiothing could tender any circumstances (iroTc) be moved (or 
 move) : the direct form would be ovSev dv ttotc KiVT]0eiT] (G. 211). This 
 refers to the paradox of Zeno the Eleatic (460 b. c), which attempted to 
 show the impossibility of motion. — yiyvio-Qai t€ Kal diroWvo-Bai, referring 
 to the doctrine that all things are generated (or created) and are (in time) 
 destroyed, as opposed to the doctrine that there can be neither generation 
 nor decay in the universe. — oiir . . . diroXeVQai, = oiir &v y^voito . . . 
 oir (dv) diroXoiTo (G. 212, 4). Socrates compares these opposing doc- 
 trines of the physical philosophers with the difierent oijinions held by dif- 
 ferent madmen on the matters mentioned in the beginning of the section. 
 
 Page 94. — 15. dpa introduces a direct question (G. 282, 2) : a second 
 part of the same question is introduced by V\. In the former part, the lead- 
 ing clause is ot . . . vo\iCt,ov(riv. — iroiTJo-eiv '6 ti dv p.d9w(rtv, thcd they are 
 to practise (do) wluitever they have learnt ; but iroiTJo-etv dve'fious, &c., that 
 they are to create winds, &c. — i^, how (as indir. interrogative). 
 
 16. ToiaCTa, i. e. as above. — d is object of both tlSoTas and aYvoovvTas, 
 as is shown by the position of |iev and Se. — SiKaiws dv KeKXfjo-Gai ( = kc- 
 K\T]|ievoi dv dfv), would justly be called (G. 211, and 200, x. 6). 
 
 17. el |i-?| TovTwv ev£0vfiTJ0Ti<rav, tlutt tliey paid no regard to these 
 (G. 171, 2). See § 13 above. 
 
 18. PouXetio-as, chosen senator (G. 200, N. 5 &), equivalent to PouXevri^s 
 ■yevoftevos. The Senate ((BovXti) of Five Hundred was chosen annually by 
 lot, and contained fifty members from each of the ten Attic tribes. Each 
 set of fifty were called Prytanes (irpvTaveis) during a tenth part of the year 
 (called TrpvTttveia) ; and it was then their duty to remain through the 
 whole day in the Tholos (or Rotunda, near the Senate House), where their 
 meals were provided them at the public expense. Every morning they 
 chose one of their o\\n number to be the EpukUes, or President of the day, 
 who (besides other duties) presided at any meeting of either the Senate or 
 
96 PLATO. 
 
 the Assembly of the people which was held on that day. The Assembly 
 met regularly on four days in each prytany ; on other days, except holi- 
 days, the Senate met.* It thus appears how Socrates, by being chosen 
 senator for the year, happened to be the presiding officer in the Assembly 
 (eiricrTdTTjs ev tw Stjiaco -ycvofitvos) on the day in question. It was the 
 memorable day (in 40(J b. g. ) when the generals who had gained the naval 
 battle of Arginusae were tried and condemned by the Athenian Assembly 
 acting as a court. (See Grote, Chap. LXIV. ; and note on Hell. 2, 111. 
 32, above. ) — ^v . . . PovXevo-eiv : one of the clauses in the senatorial oath 
 was Kara tovs vo|jiovs PovXev<ra>, / ivill act as a senator in accordance with 
 the laws. — [Aua \|/T|(|)a), by a single vote : the illegality against which Socra- 
 tes protested was chiefly (if not wholly) that of condemning several per- 
 sons by one decree. When Socrates refused to bring the illegal proposi- 
 tion (which had already passed the Senate) before the Assembly (eTn\}/T]- 
 <|>i(rai), it seems that the other Prytanes interfered and appointed some 
 less scrupulous member of their body to act as president. — irepl irXeiovos, 
 of greater account. 
 
 19. ovx ov rpoTTOV, not, however, as (G. 160, 2, and 154). 
 
 Page 05, — 20. Totavra . . . old ns &.v . . . dr\, such, that any one say- 
 ing and doing tlicm would he, dx. : &v belongs to both cI'tj and vo|jli^oito 
 (G. 212, 4), and \iy<av Kal irpaTTwv contains the protasis, = el Xiyoi Kal 
 T-pdTTOi (G. 226, 1), 
 
 IV. Chap. VIII. — 11. 2co:<pdTT)v . . . olos t)v, accus. of anticipation : 
 cf. Mark i. 24, ol8d trs tis €i, "/ know thee who thou art." — ot dperfjs 
 €<}5i€fAevoi is limited by twv yiyvoio-Kovrtov. — iroGouvTes (G. 279, 2, N. ). — 
 ws ovTa (G. 277, N. 2). — i\ioi, dat. after eSoKet (in the tenth line below). 
 — ovTws is understood with SiKaios, e"yKpaTT|s, &c. — TrapapdXXcov . . . 
 KpLvexft), let him compare the character of some other man with these (i. e. the 
 qualities just mentioned) and then (ovtws) judge. 
 
 ^ 
 
 PLATO. — 1. Apology. 
 
 The " Apology " of Plato probably contains very nearly the actual 
 defence spoken by Socrates before his judges. It is not a formal re- 
 ply to the indictment, but a protest against the falsehood of the charge 
 
 * In the following century, in the time of Demosthenes, we find a different 
 system, by which the Epistates chose by lot nine senators daily, one from each 
 of the tribes except his own, who were called vpoedpoi and presided (as a boardj 
 in both Senate and Assembly. 
 
APOLOGY. 97 
 
 in general.* Socrates claims that, so far from being a disbeliever in 
 the Gods, he was fullilling an express divine commission in instructing 
 his fellow-citizens ; nay, if his life should be spared on condition of 
 refraining, he could not so disobey the command of the divinity. The 
 Delphic oracle had pronounced that there was no wiser man than he. 
 Astonished at this, he had tried to satisfy himself what it meant; 
 until he learned that his wisdom consisted in knowing his own igno- 
 rance, and in the wish to learn. He had never professed to be a 
 teacher; he had no part in the opinion of such natural philosophers 
 as Anaxagoras ; he had never received pay for his teaching, Hke the 
 " Sophists " ; he had done the duties of a good soldier and citizen, in 
 the face of danger and public prejudice ; he could have had no motive 
 
 — as he shows in a brief dialogue with his principal accuser, Meletus 
 
 — to mislead or injure any of the young men who came under liis in- 
 fluence. These are the main points of this celebrated Defence, which 
 he closes by distinctly, even haughtily, refusing any appeal to the 
 compassion of his judges to violate their oath requiring an honest 
 verdict, for this would be practical atlieism ; and by " leaving it to 
 them and to Grod to judge concerning him, as should be best both for 
 him and them." 
 
 The Defence, thus far, occupies about three fourths of the "Apol- 
 ogy." When it was closed, Socrates was declared guilty by a ma- 
 jority of about 60 out of 501 votes. The penalty proposed by his 
 prosecutors was death. But, in the class of trials to which this be- 
 longed, the defendant was called on to propose a penalty for himself, 
 the court appearing to be bound by custom, if not by law, to choose 
 between the penalties thus proposed. If Socrates had now proposed 
 a sentence which the court had been likely to accept, his life would 
 doubtless have been spared. Instead of this, he first proposed a pub- 
 lic maintenance in the Prytaneum, — the city hall, where the hospi- 
 talities of the state were given to foreign ambassadors and other pub- 
 lic guests, and where certain private citizens, as a reward for special 
 services, were allowed to take their meals at the public table, — the 
 highest civil honor which could be paid. He next declared that a 
 life spent in exile, or under restraint of free speech, would be more 
 intolerable than death ; and finally proposed, as a money fine, one 
 mina (about seventeen dollars), which, at his friends' suggestion, he 
 increased to thirty minae. Upon this, the vote of the court was again 
 taken, and the death penalty was decreed by a majority which (ac- 
 
 * The genuine indictment is given by Xenophou in the first section of the 
 Memorabilia. See page 91. 
 
98 PLATO. 
 
 M 
 
 cording to one account) was larger by eighty votes, than that by 
 which he was found guilty at first. 
 
 The portion of the Apology here given contains the last words of 
 Socrates before his judges, spoken after the sentence of death had 
 been pronounced. 
 
 Page 90. — 1. ov . . . xpovov, for the sake of no long tinu, since Socra- 
 tes was now an old man. — ws . . . dTreKTOvare, indirect discourse after the 
 idea of saying implied in 6vo(xa '^^€Te Kal alriav. — dirb tcv avTOfidrov, of 
 itself. — irdppw tov pCov, advanced in life (G. 168) : his age is said to be 
 advanced, and near death. — c|xov . . . Gdvarov (G. 173, 2, n. ). 
 
 2. aTTopia . . . ToiovTttfV, have been condemned through lack of such words, 
 <i'c. — TToWov yi Set, not at all. — tov eOeXeiv, one of the genitives depend- 
 ing on diropLO,. — aKoveiv {G. 261, 2). — Bpt^vovvros, &c. (G. 277, 6): 
 these words explain Xe'-yeiv, &c. 
 
 3. TOT£, then, in making my defence. — dveXcrOcpov, slavish (unworthy 
 of a freeman). — diroXo^'qo-afi.evtp (G. 277, 2 ; 184, 2, N. 1). — CKCivtos, so, 
 i. 6. by an unworthy defence. — 6ir<os dTro<j>eii|€Tai (G, 217). — irdv iroicoVf 
 by any and every means. — d<})€is (G. 277, 2). 
 
 Page 9 '5'. — 4. [i.i\ ov ^ (G. 218, n. 2). — Trovqi^tav, sc. €K(j)v'y€iv. — 
 GdTTOv . . . 6ei, basertess runs faster than death. — dr* oiv, as being (G. 277, 
 N. 2). — virb TOV Ppa8vT€pov k6.\(av, I have been {was) overtaken by the 
 slower (Death). — 6<}>X«v, convicted (v. 6<|>XicrKdv<D) : lit. failing in a suit, 
 and so condemned to pay the debt or penalty ; here, death (Gavdrov). We 
 find 6ij>Xetv ^Tiiiiav, to incur a ■penalty ; 6<{>X£tv xp''lH''°''''°'> ^^ incur a fine- 
 (as w<{>X€ xiXias 8pax|Ji-ds, in the former part of the defence) ; 6«|>X€iv kXo- \ 
 •nr\s 8iKT]v (also 6<})X£iv kXotttis), to be convicted on a charge of theft ; o^jXeiv 
 'y€X«Ta, aicrx(>vT]v, to incur laughter, disgrace ; o^Xilv p-topiav, to incur the 
 charge of folly : so a)4*M'^°''"°5 \i.oxQy\pCav, below. — tw Ti(JLT|}AaTt, the sen- 
 tence (the result of t^jxtio-is, which is the act of settling the amount or kind 
 of penalty). — ovtco orxeiv, to come out thus. — (xcTptws, well enough. 
 
 5. xP'n°"H''4*S''l^°'''> ^0 utter tny oracle. — Stuv jxeXXwo-iv dTro0av€i<r6ai 
 (G. 202, 3, N. ), depending on x.P'no"P'««^Sovoriv, where we should expect 
 a phrase meaning simply at the point of death, explaining 6VTO.v9a. — ol'av 
 (sc. Ti|j.wpiav) is cognate accus. after dircKTovaTc, such punishment as you 
 have inflicted in condemning me to death. — tov SiSovai (G. 262, 2). — to 
 Be, but the fact (G. 143, 1, n. 2). 
 
 6. d-TTOKTeivovTes (G. 138, N. 8). —tov ovctSitetv (G. 263, 1).— vpv 
 (G. 184, 2). — oi . . . oiJTC . . . oiJTc (G. 283, 9). — 5irws ^o-Tat (G. 217). 
 
 Page 98. — 7. Iv w . . . d-yovo-i, while the officers are busy. — ot, ichither, 
 i. 8. to the prison. — 8ia[xv9oXo7f]o-at, to have a talk ; opposed to the formal 
 judicial arguments which had preceded. — ti iroTe voti, wliat it means. 
 
 8, SiKtto-Tai : his address befoi'e had been " Athenians " ; to those who 
 voted justly he now speaks as " Judges." — elwOvta (v. ?0«), accustomed. — 
 TOV 8aiiiov£ov : Socrates believed that there was a divine voice within him 
 
 il 
 
APOLOGY. 99 
 
 (8ai(i.dviov Ti), which often warned him not to do certain thinp;s, hut never 
 urged him to any positive act. — irdw cirl o-jiiKpois, in very Utile thinijs. 
 — el' Ti (jL€XXoi(ii (G. 225). — ol-r^OeCT] &v tis, one V)i(/ht think. — Kal voftC- 
 Jcrai, and (what) is gcneralhj thought, & (iis nom.) being understood. 
 
 9. XiyovTO. fiCTtt^v (G. 277, N. 1). 
 
 10. Ktv8vv€V€t . . . "yeYovcvai, seems likcbj to he (lit. iruns a risk ofheinrj). 
 Plato uses Kiv8vv€va> nearly in the sense of Sokc'w, so that the infin. after it 
 stands in indirect discourse (G. 203), as here. — ovk ?o-0' ottws, it is not 
 {jyossiblc) that, d:c. 
 
 11. Svoiv Gdrepov, one of tico things. — olov |xt]8^v etvai, (such) as to he 
 nothing (i. e. like annihilation). — to, \€Yo|X€va, tlie common saying. 
 
 Page 99. — 12. p,T|8* ovap fjn]8€v, not even any dream. — cirei8dv . . . 
 
 6p^ depends on IcttL understood with v-irvos (G. 233). For the whole sen- 
 tence, see G. 227, 1. — e-yw "yap dv oip,at : the force of dv ialls upon evpeiv, 
 several lines below, where it is twice repeated (G. 212, 2) : oljiai, is also 
 repeated after the long protasis, and 8€ot is repeated before o-K€\}/d|xevov. — 
 The sentence reads, / think, if one were obliged to select that night in which 
 he slept so soundly as to have no drcavi at all, and, comparing with that 
 night the other nights and days of his life, were obliged to exa.viine and say 
 how many days and nights in his life lie had lived better tluxn that night, 
 (I think) not only any private 7;e?'son, but tJie great King would himself find 
 these easy to count (i. e. very few), compared with his other days and nights. 
 The conditional sentence (without otfiai) would be : el 8€'oi riva . . . eliretv, 
 eiipoi dv. [i'?| 8ti is elliptical for ^^ \€7(d|1€v 8ti {let us not say thai, etc.), 
 not to speak of, i. e. not merely ; it is often used, as here, where 8ti forms 
 no ])art of the construction of the sentence, and where the origin of the 
 expression was probably not thought of. 
 
 13. otiSev irXeiwv, no longer. — cl 8' aO, hut if, on the other Imnd. — •lov 
 d'iro8T]|i,f]0"aL, like a migration. 
 
 14. "At8ov (sc. ScSfjia), tlie (realm) of Death, or Hades. For the proper 
 names which follow, see a classical dictionary ; Triptolemus was not usually 
 counted one of the judges in Hades, and Socrates probably follows some 
 local Attic myth. — e-ye'vovTo, 2^'^oved themselves. — eirl iroo-w, at what 
 price ? 
 
 15. 'i\io\.yi Kal avTw, to myself also. — oirore evrvyoifii, when I should 
 meet (G. 232, 4), like e'i ttotc cvTv^oifii. — Sid Kpio-tv dStKov, in consequence 
 of an unjust jitdgment : referring to the contest for the armor of Achilles 
 between Odysseus and Ajax, after which the defeated Ajax killeil himself ; 
 this is the subject of the Ajax of Sophocles. — clerd^ovTa : Socrates de- 
 lights in the thought that he can go on examining and cross-(|uestioning 
 and exposing false pretensions to wisdom in Hades, as he had done in 
 Athens. 
 
 Page 100. — 16. tov . . . d-ya-ycvra, i. e. Agamemnon. — i^ Sfo-uf-ov, 
 f, — dXXovs [ivpiovs (as the sentence might be written) : instead of con- 
 
100 PLATO. 
 
 tinning the question hy adding other names, he changes the form of the 
 sentence, and adds, one might mention ten tltonsand others, d'C. — ots is tlie 
 object of elerd^eiv only by zeugma. — d(ji,T)xavov €v8ai|xov£as, a vast amount 
 ofjo)/. — oi cKeu, i. e. those who dwell below. — toijtou ^veKa, i. e. especially 
 Tov c-|€Td^€iv, for which Socrates implies that he is to suffer death. 
 
 17. oO'tc . . . T€X€VTT)<ravTi, either during life (pres. ) or after death 
 (aor.). — cWb tov atiTOjxaTou, of its own accord, i. e. htj chance. — din]\Xdx0ai 
 irpayjAdTcov, to be free (lit. to have been freed, G. 202, 2) from troubles. — 
 TO o-r]}jL€iov, tlie divine sign, the same as to 8ai[i6viov. — tcis KaTTj-ydpots 
 (G. 1S4, 2). — olofxsvoi pXdTTTetv, thinking that they loere doing me an in- 
 jury (G. 203). — TovTO avTOLS p.£[JLt{)€o-0ai : tovto is cognate ace; for <xv- 
 Tots, see G. 184, 2. p,c'fxd>o}i,ai sometimes takes the simple object-accusative. 
 
 18. Seofiat (G.172, x.l). — Tip,copiqo-ao-6€, take your vengeance 07i. — rdro, 
 TavTa \-uTrovvT€S, vexing them in this same way { G. 159, x. 4) . — edv . . . 6vt€s, 
 if they think themselves to be something when they are nothing. — ovetSC^cTc 
 atiTois (G. 184, 2). — <av Set, sc. eiriixeXcto-Sai. — ovSevos : compare this use 
 of ovSiv in a causal sentence with (ATjSev 6vt€s in the conditional sentence 
 above (see G. 283, 1 and 2), — SiKaia TreirovGws t'o-ojiai, / shall have been 
 justly treated (G. 98, 2, N.). — avTos t€ Kal ot tiUis, both myself and my 
 sons ; a])position, as if the latter were included in €yw. — tupa diric'vai, time 
 to depart (G. 261, 1, n. ). 
 
 The circumstances of the imprisonment of Socrates, and the occa- 
 sion of the long delay in the execution of his sentence, are given in 
 the extract from the " Pliaedo " which follows. 
 
 ^; 
 
 2. Phaedo. 
 
 During his thirty days' confinement, Socrates was freely visited by 
 his friends in prison. As the time of his execution drew near, tliey 
 were anxious for his escape ; and one of them, Crito, a man of wealth, 
 and near his own age, had prepared a plan of rescue, with the con- 
 nivance of the friendly jailer. Socrates, however, refused to avoid 
 his fate, on the ground that the highest duty of a citizen, especially 
 in a free state, is absolute obedience to the laws, accepting his sen- 
 tence as the voice of the State itself, — which he sets forth in the 
 brief dialogue called " Crito." On the morning of the day of execu- 
 tion, several of his friends gathered in his prison, — among them 
 Phaedo, who afterwards tells his friend Echecrates and others the oc- 
 currences of the day in the Dialogue bearing his name. Much the 
 largest part of it is taken up with discussing the views of Socrates 
 on the nature and immortality of the soul. The portion here given 
 
PHAEDO. 101 
 
 is the introductory narrative, and the condusion, (-ontf^ininfr that story 
 of his last hours, "which," says Cicero, "I ot'ttia veMV\<^iL|i'tears.'y< 
 
 The dialo<i;ue between Phaedo and Echecrates is supposed to tbke 
 place at Phlius in Peloponnesus, the home "of , EV;he6ratL'3.' ° •". ' s > 
 
 Page 101. — 1. ^ . . . i]Koucras; or did yoii hear it from some mte 
 elsel — aviTos : Phaedo was a citizen of Elis, a disciple of Socrates, iind 
 afterwards the head of a philosophical school in his native place. — twv 
 TToXiTwv ^Xia<ria)v ovScts, no one of the citizens — Pldiasians : the pusi- 
 tii)ii of ^AiacLwy shows that it is not a mere adjective. — CTrixwpid^et 
 'AGTJva^c, ever goes to Athens to live at all (irdvu ti). 
 
 2. 6VTg}xp,€VT|, V. (rT€(})«, Wreathed with laurel, which was sacred to 
 Apollo. — Trsp,TroTJcri., seiid in stiite, i. e. every year. — Oeupia, a sacred 
 
 embassy. 
 
 3. Tovs Sis ^'irra tKcfvovs, the ivell-Jcnoicn fourteen, i. e. the seven virgins 
 and seven youths whom the Athenians were obliged to send once in nine 
 years to Minos of Crete, to be devoured by the Minotaur in the Labyrinth. 
 The sacred trireme, the Delias, which carried the dei)utation to Delos, was 
 believed to be the same vessel which carried Theseus to Crete. For the 
 account of th'3 voyage of Theseus, the death of the Minotaur, and the 
 escape of Tlieseus with the victims by the help of Ariadne, sec a classical 
 dictionary under Theseus, and Plutarch's Life of Theseus, § 15. — cl o-w- 
 6cuv . . . diral^iv (G. 247). — Kai vvv In : "the custom was continued," 
 sa3-s Plutarch, "to the time of Demetrius Plialereus," i. e. till about 
 
 ^ C. 300. — eireiSdv &p|wvTaL (G. 233). — jniSeva . . . irplv dv (G. 240). 
 
 Page 102. — -vyjjiv\.v d-iroXaPovres, hapj)en to hinder them (G. 279, 4): 
 compare ^t-jx^v . , . -i-r/ovos (below), happened to Imve been done (perf.). 
 
 4. TO fi6|xvfi(r9ai, to co'>Mnemorate, i. e. in conversation, as he explains it 
 in avTov (sc. e|x^) Xeyovra Kal dXXa axovovra. — rotovTovs Ixcpovs, others 
 of tlie same mind (with yourself). — a>s dv SvivT] (G. 232, 3) aKpiPeVraTa, 
 as accnratdii as you, can : by omitting dv Svvtj, we have the usual form a>s 
 aKpiPeo-Tara (see cos <rac}>€o-TaTa, above). 
 
 5. 9avp,d<ria ^iraOov, / vjas marvellously affected. — ^Xeos clo-pti, did pihj 
 enter [aiy mind]. — tov rpcirov Kal Toiv \6y<av, causal gen. after £v8atp,wv 
 (G. 173, 1). — ws ( = 5ti outws), i. e. he died so fearlessly, <tc. (G. 238). — 
 ajcrre . . . irapio-Tao-Gai, so that it came into my mind, that he, d:c. — U'vat 
 and irpd^eiv are both futures after irapio-TacrQai (G. 203). — dveu Qci'as noi- 
 pas, i. e. uncared for by the Gods. — e'lKos irapovri ire'vOtt, natural to one 
 present at suffering. — tjSovtj, sc. €l<rY]€i. — ws . • . dvTtov, i. e. from tlie 
 thought that ive were engaged in philoso2)hical discussion (G. 277, x. 2). — 
 roLovToC Tives, on some such subject (i. e. as philosophy). — drtx^os, abso- 
 lutely or simply. 
 
 * Cuius morti illacrimari soleo, Platonem legen?. Nat. Deor. IIL 33. 
 
102 PLATO. 
 
 Page 1C^3» — lv0vpi.cijfi.evfl), agreeing with ^o\>, when I reflected, — o's* 
 ;p.e'y'. . . evi'OTc hiyiit> ooieHimc, and at another: notice the accent of ore (not 
 .6vc) Avheil it has this sens^'; x— ' AiroXXoSwpos : he was a man of melancholy 
 ,and eseitjiMfe T.empcr, 'Si;)metimes called the Fanatic. Among those present 
 at <th^-dea'th oi' Soei'ates are Antisthenes, the founder of the Cynics, and 
 Enclides, the fovinder of the Megaric school. The absence of Aristippus, the 
 founder of the Cyrenaics, is remarked. Plato excuses his own absence, § 6. 
 
 6. Al-yCvTi, in Aegina (G. 190, n.). — cr)(€'8ov rt . . . -rapa^cveo-Gai, i. e, 1 
 think these are abotd all tvho (lit. about these) made ^ij) the company (G. 246). 
 
 7. ?«s dvoix^eiT] (G. 239, 2) : see lireiS-q a.vo\.y^d-r\, below. 
 
 Page 104. — 8. cIttc irepiixe'vciv (G. 260, 2, n. 1), he hade us ivait (?<j>t] 
 irepijAevetv would mean he said he was waiting). — '^ws dv . . . KcXevo-T), dentil 
 he should himself give us orders : '^tos . . . KcXcvo-ew might have been used 
 after the past tense (G. 248). — Xvovo-i : from this it appears that Socrates 
 had been kept chained, — irapa-yYeXXovo-iv, thcij are giving him dArections. 
 ■ — Sirws &v (G. 216, 1, N. 2). — elo-iovres, as tve entered. — ^av9t7nrT], the 
 well-known termagant wife of Socrates. — dv€v<|>Tjp,T]or€, uttered cries of 
 lamevtation, such as were held to be of bad omen : the word is taken, as 
 similar words often were, in the opposite of its proper sense. Tlius the left, 
 which was ill-omened, was called eiiwvvfiov, good-omened. — 5ti before a 
 direct quotation (G. 241, 1). — twv tov KpCrcovos, of Critds attendants. 
 
 9. a»s . . . €tvai, ho'W curiously it is related to what seems its opiiosite. — 
 Tw . , . Trapa'yt*yv€cr0ai, that they will not come to a man together : tw be- 
 longs also to dva-yKcl^eo-Bai (G. 262, 2). — (rwri[X}iev« (v. o-vvaTrTw), i. e. 
 attached to one head. — 8u' cvre, 7chile they arc two. — p,i)6ov dv (rwOcivai 
 (= [JLU0OV dv o-wv€9T]Ke), ivould have composed a fable (G. 211). 
 
 Page 105. — <S dv 'n-apa7€'vrjTai (G. 233). — wcnrep . . . ^oik€V, as then 
 I too believe (i. e. 1, as Aesop would have done). — vtio tov 8e<r(xov, on 
 account of the chain. ■ — -f^Keiv <{)a£v€Tai, ap2)ears to have come : 4>a.LV0|j,at 
 generally takes the participle. 
 
 10. dva|.ivn(ros : for the peculiar use of the aorist partic, see G. 204, n. 2. 
 • — ivrdvas (roves), versifying. — to . . . ir^ooi^\.ov,\hQ proemium (orhj'mn 
 used at the beginning of a festival) in honor of A 'polio : the Homeric Hymn 
 to Apollo is an example of such a poem. — Kal dXXoi . . . Eutivos, not only 
 had certain others previmisly asked, me, but also Euenns, cC'C. — on 8LavoT|- 
 0615, with what intention. — o-oi jieXct toO t'xeiv (G. 184, 2, N. 1). — k^k is 
 subject of 'i\iK.y. 
 
 11. dvTiT€Xvos, rival. — tI Xe'yei, (to see) icl},at tliey meant. — d(})oo-Lov- 
 fjievos . . . iroietv, clearing my cotiscience in case they (the dreams) should, per- 
 clwnce command me to compose music of this kind (G. 248, 2). ■ — dXXoT' ev 
 &XXti 6\|/ei, at different times in different shaj^es. 
 
 12. avTo, it, i. e. the vision, subject of irapaKeXeieo-Oai (to urge one to 
 the act) and liriKtXeveiv (to cheer one in the act). — to is 8e'ouo-i, runners in 
 a race. — Kal ejjtol . . . ^trtKeXcveiv : supply vir€Xdp.pavov from the jn-eceding 
 
 N 
 
o 
 
 PHAEDO. 10,' 
 
 clause : k\ioC follows lirf.KcXetieiv. — ws . . . o{5o-r]s (O. 277, N. 2) : this con- 
 tains the ground on which fJte vision nv^^vA Socrates. — ixe-yiorT'i]? p.ov(riKfis, 
 the highest-form of music, i. e. music in its with; (Ireek sense, inciutling all 
 literatuie and accomplishments. — tovto irpaTTOVTOs, vutkitui this ([diilos- 
 o|iliy) my business: cf. Lat, hoc agere and aliud agere. — irplv d<:}>ocriwcra- 
 or6ai, before iperforming my piotis dutij, = (Jo-ia iroifjo-ai : irpCv lien^ takes 
 the infinitive, when it might have taken the subjunctive or optative as de- 
 pending on a negative sentence (G. 240, 2). 
 
 Page 100. — iroLTJo-avTa and Tr€i06p.£vov denote the means. 
 
 13. [ivGovs dXX' ou \6yovs, fables, but not [mere] narratives : here |iv9os 
 has its special sense of fables, and XoYot its wider sense of narratives, while 
 above (§ 10) Aesop's fables are called by Cebes by the more general name 
 of Xd"yoi. — oiiK fj (sc. e-yco) represents the same in the direct discourse 
 (G. 243, N. 1 ). — ToiiTovs €7roiT|<ra, I put these into verse. — ots Trpwrois €v^- 
 rvxov, the first which I came iqjon (for tovs Trpwrovs ols €V€tuxov), added 
 as further explanation of tovtovs, to which the principal relative clause oiis 
 . . . Alcrw-TTOv also belongs. — ravra tj'PO't^j ^^ €ppco(r9ai, tell him this, and 
 also (bid him) farewell. 
 
 14. otov is exclamatory (G. 155). — Ikwv ctvai, a peculiar phrase in 
 which etvai seems superfluous, meaning ivillinghj (G. 268, n. ). — Sto) . . . 
 (i€T«rTLv, who worthily shares in this thing (philosophy). — pido-exai avrov, 
 i. e. by committing suicide : the first part of the following discussion (here 
 omitted) refers to suicide, against which the authority of Philolaus (a cele- 
 hrated Pythagorean) is quoted, 
 
 15. ei|xa Xe'Ywv (G. 277, N. 1). — rbp,^ 0€fJLLTbv elvai (G. 262, 2) difiers 
 very slightly in meaning from ov Geixirbv elvai in indirect discourse : it 
 means its not being right. In the following clause, eSe'Xeiv dv (= €0€Xot 
 dv) depends directly on Xc'y€is : that the philosopher should he willing 
 (G. 226, 2) to follow, dx. — {ivOoXo-yetv, to talk (familiarly) : see Apology, 
 §7, 
 
 Here follows the celebrated dialogue on Immortalit}'-, ending with 
 a striking parable, or myth, which sets forth the Greek imagery of 
 the judgments of the futm-e world, where ^' they who are sufficiently 
 purified by philosophy live without the body forevermore, and come 
 into dwellings fairer than these, which it were not not easy to de- 
 scribe, nor is there time enough at present." 
 
 Page 107. — 16. tovtcov, &c. referring to the discourse just ended. — 
 KttXbv ^dp TO deXov, for noble is the reward. — ^o.(.y\ &v dv?ip rpa-yiKos, 
 i. e. as a tragedian icould cypress it. — Xouo-dnevov, offer bathing. — Xow- 
 €tv depends on the verbal idea in irpd-yjAara, as we often say, to take the 
 trouble ts do a thing. 
 
 17. ctev, ^cell then (lit. let this he as it is, G. 251, 1). — Imo-TeXXeis is 
 appropriately used of the last commands of one about to die. — 6 ti &v . . . 
 
104 
 
 PLATO. 
 
 TTOioifiev, i. e. icMch we slioulcl esjiecinlly gratify you hy doing : iiv belongs 
 to iroLoiixev. - — otiStv Kaivorepov, in Englisli, simply = nofliing new. — 
 ■u[JL(Iov avTcov l-n-iixeXovfjievoi = luv . . . kiri^ikr^a-Qt, corresponding to Idv 8^ 
 vfiajv ficv aviTwv djxeXfjTe, below (G. 226, 1) : in the latter clause jJLe'v is 
 irregnlar, and is omitted in many IMSS. — ov5' Idv op-oXo-yqcri^Te, not even 
 if you assent, d'c. — irXeov iroiciv = to profit. 
 
 18. oTTcos dv PoTjXT](r0€, as you 'plen.se (G. 232, 3). — Ipwra . . . GdiTTT], 
 Tie asks hoiv he shall bury me : the subjunctive here represents tlie interroga- 
 tive subjunctive ir<Ss SdirTw; (G. 256) of the direct question, as it is seen 
 above in OdirTtofjiev, &c. (G. 244). — dXXws Xe-y^^v : dXXws is here equiva- 
 lent to |xdTT)v, idly, or without meaning. 
 
 Page 10§. — 19. €7"yiL»T|v (G. 159, n. 4). — ovtos . . . irapafA€V€tv, for 
 
 he [gave surety in court] that I %oould remain, i. e. would not escape : ■?) 
 |i,if|v is especially used in oaths and other solemn statements. — olxTjcrt' 
 o-0ai diriovTa (G. 203, K. 2) represents olyi^o-onaL diricov of the direct dis- 
 course (G. 279, 4, N.). — ws . . . StoKpttTT], that it is Socrates that he lays 
 out for burial. — ^ 8' os (G. 151, n. 3). — to . . . Xe'^eiv, &c. to speak 
 wrongly is not merely a mistake as regards the act itself — Kal Odirrciv 
 (sc. xp'r\) ovTCDs, &c. and [you must] bury it in such a way as slmll he, <Scc. 
 (G. 232, 3). 
 
 20. dvicTTttTO els ol'KT][.id ti, arose [and went] into a room. — So-t] (sc. i\ 
 |v|jL(j;opd) . . . e'lrj, i. e. how heavy [a calamity] had befallen us: indirect 
 question. — dTcyvws . . . <rTepif]6evT€s, exactly as [we should liave done] if 
 %m had been bereft of a father (G. 277, N. 3 : 226, 1). — o'lKeiai, of tlit 
 family. 
 
 21. Sircp dXXwv KaraYL-yvwo-Kw, {the fault) which I find ^cith others 
 (G. 173, 2, K. ). — cTreiSdy irapaY-yeXXw (G. 233), referring to different cases. 
 
 Page 1®0. — dXX' Ikclvols, sc. tois alxLOis. 
 
 22. el rerpiTTrai, if it is mixed. The hemlock was first bruised in a 
 mortar ; lience the use of TptPco. — 6 dvGpwTros (at end), i. e. a servant. 
 
 23. irivovTas, sc. to <f dpp-o-Kov (G. 280). — lireiSdv irapciyyeKQ^, after the 
 order has been given them, depends directly on the following participles, 
 SciTVTjcravTas, &c., but indirectly on irivovTas, which is frequentative. — 
 ovSsv . . . 64>X'qo-€iv, that I gain nothing except [this] that I shall make my- 
 self ridiculous in my oivn estimation : see note on Apol. § 4. — <|)€L5op-€vos 
 . . . €vdvTos, sjmring when nothing is left. Hesiod (Works and Days, 367) 
 says, 8€iXt| 8' cvl 7rv9|JLevi <|>€i8fc), which Seneca thus translates : Sera par si- 
 monia, in findo est ; 7 is a sorry thrift at the bottom of the cup, i. e. when 
 only the dregs are left. 
 
 Page 110. — 24. ^cus dv . . . 'yevriTat, until a heaviness shall be felt (G, 
 239, 2). — Kal ovTcos avTo ironrjo-ci, and then it [the poison] ivill do its own 
 work: awo is nominative (G. 145, 1). 
 
 25. Kal 8s (G. 151, N. 3).— tov xrw^o-tos (G. 170, 1). — Tarp-q86v, 
 fixedly. — irpbs tJ* diroo-ireio-at, as regards pouring a libation from it. — 
 
 \ 
 
HERODOTUS. 105 
 
 ■ymVOai, after €i5x€o-0ai (0. 203, N. 2). — ^^voito (G. 251, l).—lnia-\6- 
 (levos (v. eire'xw), kuldiny it (to his lips). 
 
 26. tJ) fJL"^ 8aKpv€iv (O. 2(i3, 2). — ep-ov 76 Pta Ka\ avxov, guc7i in sj)ile of 
 myself. — otov = on toiovtov (G. 2o8). — co-TcprpLe'vos €'it|v (G. 248 ; cf. 
 250, Note). — dvappuxilo*d}X€vos, sohbhig aloud. — oviSeva ovriva. ov (G. 1 fi.'i, 
 N. 4), every one. — KarcKXao-e, irierced to the heart (lit. broke). — iv ii^-r\- 
 [iia, here in a negative sense, when no sounds of evil omen are heard : a 
 common proclamation of silence before a religious ceremony was tv^r^^lo. 
 ^o-Tft). The saying ev cv<|>7]p.ta XP'H TeXeurdv is called Pythagorean. — tow 
 8aKpv€LV : after CTre'crxofi^v we might have had tov fx.'^i SaKpveiv without 
 change of meaning (G. 2G3, 1). 
 
 Page 111. — 27. ovtos 6 8ovs, this man [of whom I spoke] who had given, 
 d-c. — SiaXtTTwv xP'^'vov, from time to tiiue : see note on the same expres- 
 sion in § 28. — eVavicov, going upicards. — 8ti \\fv\oiTO, that he was becom- 
 ing cold. — avTos TJiTTCTo, he felt of himself. — roxe olxiyri.ra.i, tJien he slumld 
 be gone (in direct discourse olxTfio"c}j.ai), one of the phrases used by thi 
 Greeks to avoid the mention of death. — 'Ao-KXTjirtoi dXeKxpvova : those 
 wlio recovered from sickness often sacrificed a cock Lo Acscnkqjius. Socrates 
 sui^ldenly remembers a neglected sacrifice ; or, possibly, he asks Crito to make 
 an otiering in gratitude for his release from life. — |xt| d)x£X'qo-TjT€ (G. 25 4>. 
 
 28. oXi-yov SiaXiTTwv, after a little 'ichile : the same ])hrase is general 
 (= at intervals) as used above, because there it is joined with the imper- 
 fect Sico-Koiret. — Kttl 8s, i. e. Socrates. — ^o-tt|o-€v is active, and the meaning 
 is, his eyes became fixed. — ^uve'Xape, closed. — t»v t6t€ . . . dpio-rov, the 
 best of his time wliom we knew. 
 
 HERODOTUS. 
 
 The chief events of the great Persian Wars are the capture of Eu- 
 boea and the battle of Marathon, b. c. 490 ; the defence of Thermo- 
 pylae and the sea-fights at Artemisium and Salamis, b. c. 480 ; and the 
 battles of Plataea and Mycale in the following year. The narrative 
 of these events makes the most interesting and important part of the 
 History composed by Herodotus in the generation immediately fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 Herodotus was born at Halicarnassus, one of the Doric cities on 
 the western coast of Asia Minor, about the year 484 b. c. In his 
 manhood lie travelled extensively in Asia, Egypt, and Greece, a keen, 
 intelligent, and accurate observer. His history is one of the earliest, 
 and is much the most curious and interesting, of our sources of knowh 
 
106 HERODOTUS. 
 
 edge as to the countries, people, customs, history, local politics, and 
 family traditions of the century before his own day. It is in nine 
 Books, named for the nine Muses. It is full of illustrations of the re- 
 ligious beliefs, omens, oracles, customs, and feelings of the time. The 
 conflict between Asia and Europe appears in Herodotus as part of a 
 great drama, in which the Argonautic expedition and the Trojan war 
 had been successive acts, which was watched at every point and 
 guided by the manifest direction of the Gods ; while in the earlier 
 parts of his History he is constantly tracing proofs of that divine 
 judgment, which humbles the pride and punishes the crimes of men. 
 
 Asia Minor, with the Greek colonies on its western coast, had been 
 added to the Persian dominions by Cyrus the Great, who conquered 
 Croesus, king of Lydia, b. c. 546. About the year b. c, 500, the Ionic 
 cities, with Miletus at their head, revolted against the Persian rule ; 
 and, with the help of allies from Greece, especially the Athenians, 
 captured and burned the Lydian capital, Sardis. The war continued 
 about six years, and ended in a complete Persian victory. The Ionic 
 city of Miletus was captured and reduced to slavery, to the pas- 
 sionate grief of its generous allies in Athens. But the attention of 
 the Persians had been drawn to the free states and islands towards 
 the west, and these hostilities led the way to their two formidable in- 
 vasions. Meanwhile the tyrant Hippias, son of Pisistratus, had been 
 driven from Athens (b.c. 510), and had taken refuge at the Persian 
 court. He was now a feeble old man ; but his hate of the Athe- 
 nians and desire of revenge made him eager to serve the invader, 
 whom he accompanied himself to the plain of Marathon. 
 
 Although Herodotus was a Dorian by birth, he wrote his History 
 in Ionic Greek. His intercourse with the Ionic cities in his imme- 
 diate neighborhood must have made him familiar with their speech, 
 even if we reject the account given by Suidas of his long residence 
 as an exile in the Ionic island of Samos. But he probably chose the 
 Ionic dialect chiefly because it had been used by the historians or an- 
 nalists who preceded him. The dialect of Herodotus is known as the 
 New Ionic, which, where it differs from the Attic, is very similar to the 
 Old Ionic of Homer. Its general peculiarities should be learnt by the 
 beginner from the grammar.* Others will be seen in the Lexicon ; 
 as the use of k for tt in kchs, okcos, Kore, &c., for ttSSs, oirois, Trdre, &c., 
 and the interchange of aspirates in ivOavra, ivOevrcv, KiBoiv, for iv- 
 Tuvda, evTciiBevy ;j(iT&)y. The chief peculiarity in syntax is the use of 
 
 * See G. Introduction, pp. 1 and 2 ; §§ 30 ; 39 ; 44 ; 59 ; 67, Note 1 ; 70 ; 
 Notes to 76-86; §§119; 120; 126; Notes to 127; see also §§140, Note 4; 
 148, Note 4. Much of tlie detail in the notes can be learnt by practice while 
 reading. 
 
 N 
 
HERODOTUS. 107 
 
 rhe forms oftho article bef^inninj]fwith r as rolativp pronouns (G. 140 
 N. 4), whicli must be kept constantly in mind. 
 
 The story of the Persian Wars is begun in the sixth book of He- 
 rodotus, and is continued in the three followinjj^ books. The extrac-ls 
 here given include the battle of Marathon and the battles of Ther- 
 mopylae, Artemisium, and Salamis, and end with the retreat of Xerxos 
 to Asia after his defeat at Salamis. They begin with VI. 48, to which 
 7. 105 is prefixed by way of introduction. 
 
 I. 
 
 Page 112. — 1. pao-iXe'i, uncontracted form for jSacriXet (G. .53, 3). — 
 ws, ^ohcn. — 2dp8rs = SdpScis (G. 53, 1, n. 3), accus. phn-al. — 'Iwvwv . . . 
 ■iroiT]crdfJL€vov, making no account of the lonians. — jjL€Td Be, hut uftencanls 
 (G. 191, X. 2). — TTvOojJievov, like tos eirv0€TO above. — cl'pecrQai, used to ask, 
 iiii[)erfect infinitive (G. 203, N. 1). — aTreivat for d(|)e£vai (v. d(f>LT]|xi : 
 G. 17, 1, N.), let firj. — jiiv for avrov (G. 79, 1, N. 4), i. e. the arrow. — 
 pdXXovra, as he let it Jiij (G. 204). — cK^eyeVGai, infinitive for optative in 
 a wish (G. 270), he it granted. — Trpo(rTd|ai depends on Xc'-ycrat (third line). 
 — €S Tpfs, thrice. — eKdo-Tore, i. e. every day at supper. — |xe'(xv€o (lor jic'p.- 
 VT](ro), as if from a present (i€|xvo|iai : the form (xejivT) is found in Homer. 
 
 2. |i€Td 8^ TovTO : Darius had sent an army and a fleet in 492 b. c, un- 
 der his son-in-law Mardonius, to subdue Eretria and Athens, reducing the 
 Greek populations on the way. Some, including the Macedonians, were 
 subdued by the army; but as the fleet beat about Mount Athos, "there 
 fell on them a north wind, great and ungovernable, which treated them 
 very roughly, dashing many of the ships against Athos ; three hundred of 
 them are said to have perished, and more than twenty thousand men. 
 And as this sea about Athos is most full of monsters, inany were seized and 
 devo;.red by them, and some were crushed against the rocks ; and some 
 could not swim and so Avere lost ; and some j)erished with cold. So then 
 fared that fleet." (Hdt. VI. 44.) After some successes in the south of 
 Thrace, Mardonius returned to Asia. — 6 ti 'i\o\.(v, indirect (piestion. — 
 KOT€pa = iroTcpov. — IwvTw = lavTw. — <r<j)€as avroiis = lawTovs- — wv 
 = o\)v, therefore. — dXXovs dXXrj rd^as, i. e. ordering them to different 
 places. — '7rdXi.as = 'irdX€is (G. 53, 1, N. 3). — vc'as [laKpds, ships of xcar^ 
 naves longas. 
 
 3. TO, Trpoio-X€TO aiTeW, ichat he put forward as his demand. — €s tovs 
 diriKoCaTO = els oi)s d4>iKouvTO (G. 233). — Kai Sf| Kai, lit. and moreover 
 also, an emphatic formula very connnon in Hdt. Here it stands for the 
 usual Kai in the expression &XXot re . . . Kai. — <r^i = a-^ia-i (G. 79, 1, 
 N. 2), used like avxots in Attic (G. 144, 2.) — circKeaTo (G. 127, VI. s.). 
 IttI <r<j>io-i ^xovras, aiming a Mow at tJiem (as English, ^'Jiave at them"). 
 
 Page 113. — tos . . . oTpaTevwvTai, so as to join the Persians in march- 
 ing upon them. The jealousy thus roused threatened a war Avhich would 
 
108 HERODOTUS. 
 
 S 
 have divided and weakened Greece : it was composed in season, and the 
 
 men of Aegina fought bravely against tlie Persians at Salamis and Phitaea. 
 
 — TO, ireiroiTiKOiev, ivhat [as the Atiienians said] they had do/w (G. 248, 4, 
 last ex.). — trvvfjiTTo : the active form o-vvd-n-TeLv irdXejiov (cf. o-wdirrcLV 
 ixax^iv in § 12, to join battle), means, to engage in war. The hostility be- 
 tween Aegina and Athens is traced by Herodotus to the following circum- 
 stance : In time of famine, the Epidaurians had brought two statues of 
 sacred olive-wood from Athens, paying therefor a yearly service at the 
 shrine of Erechtheus. After these had for many years been effectual to 
 avert the barrenness of the land, they were stolen by Aeginetans, colo- 
 nists of Epidaurus, and the tribute ceased. The Athenians then sent to 
 demand it at Aegina ; but, while they were attempting to drag away the 
 sacred statues, a violent storm burst forth, with an earthquake, so that 
 their whole expedition, struck with frenzy, fell upon one another and 
 perished, except one man who fled to tell the tale. 
 
 4. ftJo-Tc is used with the participle by Hdt. in the same sense as &tc in 
 Attic (G. 277, N. 2 J); not in the sense of cos. — neio-io-TpariSewv, i, e. Hip- 
 pias and his household. Pisistratus, the father of Hippias, became tyrant 
 at Athens B. c. 560. Hippias was expelled and the democracy restored 
 B, c. 510, twenty years before the battle of Marathon. — irpoo-KarT] (xevtov 
 = irpocKaOiiixevwv. — ravTTjs . . . 7rpo9dcrtos, adhering to this 2)urpose. — 
 'EXXdcos, partitive genitive with tcvs jxi^ Sovras. — <j)Xavpws irprilavTa, 
 cf. KaKws irpdrreiv (G. 165, N. 2). — irapaXviet, "relieves.'" ■ — d7ro8e^as 
 = diTo8£L|as, having a2jpointed. — Adriv, ' ApTa4>€pv£a, in apposition with 
 CTpaT-q-yovs. 
 
 Here follows the expedition of the fleet against the Grecian islands, and 
 the capture of Eretria, in Euboea, the inhabitants of which were colonized 
 by Darius eastward of the Persian Gulf. 
 
 5. Is T^v 'Attiki^v : Eretria was opposite the northern point of Attica, 
 across the strait, which is here about Ave miles wide. — Karep-yovTes = Ka9- 
 €ip70VT€s, hemming in the Athenians greatly : the word is doubtful. — 
 8o;'C£ovT€s . . . rd, expecting to do the same by the Athenians, as, d-c. (G. 165). 
 
 — Kal . . . -ydp : here the separate force of these particles can be seen, aiid 
 . . . for. Generally, however, Kal -ydp means simply for surely (more em- 
 phatic than 7dp alone), the original ellipsis of a clause with Kai being for- 
 gotten. — 6 MapaGwv : "the plain of Marathon is about six miles from 
 north to south, and of varying A\ddth, having the eastern declivities of 
 Pentelicus on the west, and the sea oil the east." Felton. It is about 
 twenty miles northeast from Athens, and fifteen southeast from Eretria. — 
 IvtirirsGo-at, i. e. for cavalry Tnovements. — KaTTj-yeero = KaGri-yciTO. — <r<})C 
 (G. 171, 3, N.). — SeKtt, i. e. one from each Attic tribe. — ScKaros, one of 
 ten {not tenth). — rov, whose. — KareXaPe, it befell: its subject is ^vydv, 
 which means properly to get banished (aorist), while ^i.vyi\.v is to be in exile: 
 ^iv-^ia is of course transitive, lit. to flee from, hence Ileia-io-TpaTov. 
 
HERODOTUS. 109 
 
 6. iJKwv Ik Tf)s X€p(rov<i<rov : this refers to the Thracian Cliersonesna 
 (on the west side of the Hellespont), where Miltiad(;s had been several 
 years governor or "despot." Hence Byron's familiar lines, 
 
 "The tyrant of the Chersonese," &c. 
 
 His uncle, Miltiades, the so-called olKKrriqs {ov founder of the Chersonese), 
 had led the first Athenian colony to this region during the rei^n of Pisis- 
 tratus. Miltiades the younger, according to Herodotus, had advis(Hl 
 breaking down the bridge on the Danube, and leaving Darius to perish in 
 his campaign against the Scythians (about 516 b. c.) : hence the king's 
 enmity against him, and attempt to seize him, described below. 
 
 Page 114. — ircpl iroXXov lirotevvTO, made great efforts. — to evQeuTev, 
 thfreiqwn. — 'uiro8e|d}i.€vot, watching for his return: the simple I8€^dfn]v in 
 Ionic Greek, as in Attic, belongs to 8e'xo[xai : but in compounds care must 
 be taken to avoid confusion with this and similar Ionic forms (as eStxGrjv) 
 belonging to 8eiKvv|Jii. — dircSexGr], was appointed. 
 
 7. TouTo fJLcXeTwvTa, i. e. this was his profession. — tw = tS, dative after 
 irepnriirTei, /a^Z6' in with (G. 187). — Pwcravra (v. |3odw), calling. — Ildva, 
 subject of Ke\evo-ai, Avliich de2)ends on '(kiye understood : Pan was the Pe- 
 lasgic (i. e. aboriginal) deity, whose chief seat of worship was the Pelasgic 
 district of Arcadia. — dira*Y7€iXat, to carry this message (implying to ask). 
 • — SioTi ( = 8id Ti) . . . 7roi€i)vTai, ivhg they paid no reverence to him. — rd 
 hi is used before In as if rd (ie'v stood before iroWaxil. — Karao-TdvTwv 
 , . . irpT]"YfidTtov, when their affairs were now restored to good condition. — 
 «tvai : the subjc^ct is ravra after irwrTgiio-avTes. — ipov, shrine : this was a 
 grotto below the Acropolis, with a descent of 47 steps. — KL-rrOf in conse- 
 quence of. — XaiiirdSt, a torch-race. 
 
 8. 8€VT€paios, tvithin tioo days: the distance is about 140 miles. — ircpiirc- 
 o-oOo-av (like •n-epinrco-eiv), aorist participle without time (G. 279, 3). — 
 irpos, at the hands of. — irdXi, dative of difference (G. 188, 2) : G^reece is 
 become j^oorer by one notable city. — ?a8€, v. dv8dva), — dS-ivara fjv, it was 
 impossible, a common expression for d8iJvaTov •fjv (G. 135, 2). 
 
 Page 115. — i(rTa|X€vov tou p,Tjv6s : the lunar month was divided into 
 three parts, called io-Td}i€vos, p.e(rwv, <}>0tv«v. — dvarq — tvdxTj, ninth. It 
 is supposed that in this particular month occurred tlie Carneia, the great 
 Dorian festival in honor of Apollo, lasting from the seventh to the fifteenth 
 (i. e. till the full moon), during which no Dorian might bear arms. It 
 occurred generally in August, but this year early in September. — p.f| ov 
 (G. 283, 7, Rem.) . . . tov kvkXov, ivhile the moon's disk was not yet full. 
 
 9. oT>v€uvTi0T]vat TTJ [I'qTpi : this he understood to mean, that he should 
 sleep in the grave in his native land. — 7T]paids, in his old age. — KareX- 
 fiiiv (G. 138, N. 8). 
 
 10. TOVTO p.€v . . . TOVTO Zi (G. 148, X. 4). — dire'pT]<r€, put ashore. — 
 Kara-yofievas, brought to land : the corresponding dvd-yeo-Gai is to put to sea, 
 — 01, to him, dative following €Trf,X0i=. — CMDee for elwOei, v. ^0«. — ola 
 
110 HERODOTUS. 
 
 (G. 277, N. 2&)with IdvTi, since Tie was. — irpeo-pWptp, rather old. — l^i- 
 \T]\vQha.i, had come to ixiss (lit. had come out). 
 
 11. €v T€}jL€V6i 'HpaKX-t'os, 1. 6. ill Maiatlion. — XIXaToie'es, tlie city of 
 Plataea was about twenty-five miles northwest from Athens, in the terri- 
 tory of Boeotia. — dvapaipearo, for dv]^pt]VTO, v. dvatpe'w, had undertaken 
 (G. 119, 3). — «Kao-T€p«, too far off (to be of any use to you). 
 
 Page 116. — Toii\^€ . . . \|;vxpTJ, such a service would prove to he cold, 
 i. e. too weak to be of use. — ^Q(iiy\r^ . . . r\\ii(av, for you ttiight he enslaved 
 onany times before any of us would hear (G. 279, 2) : -jrvSeVBai here follows 
 <j)0ait]T€ i] from the force of irptv implied in the verb (G. 274, N. ); a rare 
 construction. — Ti|iwp€€tv ov KaKoicri, no cowards to help. — o-uveo-TewraSi 
 V. crvvto-TT^fJLi, coming in collision. — Boi«toio-i : especially Thebaus, who 
 would object to the proposed union of Plataea and Athens. 
 
 12. ovK TiTTicTTt^o-av, i. e. they followed their advice. — ttoiciIvtcov is 
 temporal. — tTriTpexj/dvTtov d|X(|>oT£'pwv, both sides choosing them umjnrcs. — 
 oiJpitrav for oapio-av, v. 6pi^«. — Idv . . . reXeeiv, that the Thcbans should 
 leave at liberty (edv) those of the Boeotians who were unwilling to belong to 
 tlie Boeotian league, which was under the exclusive control of Thebes. 
 
 13. lireOiiKavTO (G. 110, III. 1, N. 1). — €<r(rw0Ti<rav (for t\o-(t-, v. -qo-- 
 a-do|j,ai), were defeated. — Toi)S . . . oiipous, tlie boundaries which, dec: tovs 
 is relative. 
 
 14. kylvovTO 8^X0-) were divided. — rdv (lev, &c., one part voting not to 
 engage. — oXi^ovs, too few. — twv Se, &c., the other, including Miltiades, 
 urging it. — cviKa t| xeipwv, the more timid was likely to 2}revail (imper- 
 fect). — Kvdfio) Xaxwv, elected by lot (lit. by the bean). The i^olemarch was 
 the third in rank of the nine archons, and he was originally (as his name 
 denotes) a military commander. Soon after the Persian Wars, however, 
 his duties were confined to the management of the affairs of foreigners resi- 
 dent at Athens, and military matters were left to the board of ten generals 
 
 ((TXpaTTIYOL). 
 
 Page liy. — 15. ov8e, &c., not even Harmodius and Aristogiton, who 
 delivered Athens by slaying Hipparchus, the son of Pisistratus and brother 
 of Hippias, who w\as then tyrant : they Avere ft'om the same deme with Cal- 
 limachus (Aphidnae). — Se'SoKxa!, rd TrettrovTai, it is already determined 
 what they shall suffer : i. e. the tyranny of the Pisistratidae will be restored 
 and the democracy abolished, — Trepi-yevTjTai, shall get the victory. — ol'-n t4 
 eo-Ti (G. 151, N. 4). — dvT]K€i €S o-e, has come up to you [for decision]. — 
 ^XTTOfxai, / anticipate. — o-rdo-tv, commotion or civil conflict. — wotc p-T)- 
 8io-ai, so tluit they will favor the Persians, 1. e. prove traitors to the na- 
 tional cause : in this verb p.i]8i'^a), and often elsewhere, the Persians are 
 incorrectly called Medes by the Greek writers. — irpiv rt . . . lYYeveVGai, 
 before there come anything rotten (cowardly or corrujjt) into one and another 
 of the Athenians. — Gewv . . . v€|xdvT<uv, if the Gods judge justly. — •Fjv '^Xtj, 
 if you prefer (v. atpe'co). — tcUv . . . d-yaGwv (for wv . . . d7a0d>v), by attrac- 
 tion and assimilation (G. 154, n.) for tmv d"ya0»v (G. 181, N.) d KaWXe^ou 
 
HKKODOTUS. Ill 
 
 I 16. (JL€TcL 8e (G. 191, N. 2). — irpuTavT]tT] tt^s Tui/pr^S, cnmTn/ivd for the 
 day, which i)a«sod in rototion tlirougli the whole buind of ten giMiemls : as 
 one general belonged to each tribe, it is likely that the same order was fol- 
 lowed here as in the ordinary succession of the tribes in the irpirravtia 
 I which Avas determined annually by lot (see note on § 17, below, and on 
 I Xen. Mem. § 18). — SeKofxevos = Stxopevos. — ou . . . kw = ov . . . irw, 
 not yet. — irpiv, until (G. 240, 1). 
 
 Page 11§. — 17. to't€, &c.: the right wing was the po.st of honor, as 
 
 being most perilous, that side being unprotected by the shield ; it was 
 
 , anciently assigned to the king. — ws i\{^\.^^iovTO, in order, as thrij were 
 
 I numbered; see note on § 16, above. — d-rrb ravTi^s . . . <r<j)i fidx^s, from 
 
 their fighting in this battle: for cr^i (the Plataeans) see G. 184, 3, N. 4. — 
 
 r Ovo-ias . . . 7ivo}i€vas, when the Athenians celebrate the sacrifices and festi- 
 
 \ vals lohich take place every four years: this refers especially to the greater 
 
 Panathenaic festival. — Xiyoiv is parenthetical, and "yfveo-Gai dejjends on 
 
 KaT€vxfTai (G. 203, N. 2). — l^io-ovjxfcvov, extended to equal length. — cttI 
 
 I rd^ias oXi-yas, bid afexo ranks deep. 
 
 18. «s 8€ <r<}>i SitTe'raKTo, impersonal (see G. 188, 3, second ex.) — direC- 
 0Tj<rav (v. d(|>{T](xt), ivere alloioed to advance (lit. let go or sent forth) "like 
 racers in the course" (Stein). — |iaviT]v . . . 6'7r€'4>epov, they imputed mad- 
 ness: in fact, only the admirable training of the Athenians saved them 
 from being thrown into disorder, by which they must have perished. — 
 tirirov (fern.), cavalry. — dve'orxovTO ope'ovrts, endured, to behold. — ra.vTr\v 
 4or8T]p.evovs, wearing it (a peculiar word: G. 164; 197, 1, N. 2). — Ttws, 
 till then. — <f>oPos aKovo-at (G. 261, 2, N.), 
 
 19. (iaxc|JL£v«v, genitive absolute denoting time, ichile they fought. — 
 TO n€(rov (G. 160, 1), at the centre, like Kara tovto cvikwv just below. — 
 T^, where. — 2dKat : the.se were Scythian boAvmen, serving probably as 
 mariners in the fleet, and efficient in land service. — eTerdxaTo — rera- 
 Y(i€'voi fjcrav. — pii^avTes, breaking through. 
 
 Page 119. — 'i<t)v, they suffered, for el'wv. — to is . . . pT||a<ri, dative 
 after €|jLdxovTO. — <j)€V'yo\)o-i, in tlicir fiight. — Ilcpo-rjo-t (G. 186, N. 1). 
 
 20. dirb 8' ^0av€, the verb is dircGave, the prepositions being separated 
 by tmesis (G. 191, n. 3). — ■yevdiievos, having proved himself — K.vv(yi\.- 
 pos, a brother of the poet Aeschylus : he was attempting to climb into the 
 ship by the stern-works (d<}>Xdo-Ta)v). — tt|v X^'^P^ i^- 1^7, 1, N. 2). 
 
 21. c|avaKpovo-d|J.€VOi, backing water. — d-rriKoixevoi (G. 279, 4). — airi-q, 
 &c., an accusation became current {'ifr\i.) tluit they planned this hy con- 
 trivance of the Alcmaeonidae : this was a powerful family in Athens, at 
 feud with Miltiades, — the same to which, in the next generation, Pericles 
 "belonged. — dvaSe'^ai do-n-t8a, displayed a shield (G. 203) : this depends 
 on the idea of saying in cXtvt\. This shield, " discernible from its polished 
 surface afar off, was seen held aloft upon some high point of Attica, — per- 
 haps on the summit of Mount Pentelicus. ... A little less (uiickncss on 
 
112 HERODOTUS. 
 
 \ 
 
 the part of ^filtiades in deciphering the trea.sona"ble signal and giving the 
 instant order of march, — a little less energj' on the part of the Athenian 
 cicLzens in superadding a fatiguing march to a no less fatiguing combat, — 
 and the Persians, \viih. the partisans of Hippias, might have ueen found in 
 possession of Athens. . . . Nothing could have rescued her, except that 
 decisive and iustantaneotis attack -which Miltiades so emphatically urged." 
 Grote. 
 
 22. iro5«v (G. 168, N. 3), genitive following Tdxtcrra, i. e. at the top of 
 their spee^l. — ?<j)0T]o-av diriKdnevot (G. 279, 4). — irplv 'r^ -fJKav (G. 274, N.). 
 — Kvvo<rdp"y6i, a grove and g}TQnasium, eastward of the city, like the Acad- 
 emy (see note on Xen. Hellen. ii 2. 8). — irn-epatwpiiesvTes, lying off (lit. 
 above) : in the same way the Greeks sjKjke of a vessel leaving the shore by 
 dvdY£(r9ai, and of one approaching the shore by Karo^y^a-Qai. Compare the 
 active expression ve'as dvaKux^vtravTes, keeping the ships at anchor^ just be- 
 low. — 4>aXT|pov, the old port of Athens (see map, and note on Xen. HelL 
 p. 42) : at this time the Piraeus had not been fortified. 
 
 23. <rwT]V€iKe, v. (rv|x4>€p(i>, it hefell. 
 
 Page 120. — TrXT)"ye'vTa, struck with sword or pike ; pX't]6€VTa, hit with 
 arrow or javelin. — o-Kid^civ (G. 260, 2, n. 2). 
 
 24. tyjovTi'i . . . ovTft), r/uiking such hnste to reach Athens in time for the 
 battle. — TpiTttioi, Oil the third Jxi.y from Sparta (i. e. two days after leav- 
 ing Sparta). Plato says that they arrived the day after the battle. — 
 67iT|(ra(r0ai (v. Gedojiai). 
 
 After the victory at Marathon, ^Miltiades procured an armament of sev- 
 enty ships under his own command, for secret service, — which proved to 
 be an attack on Paros, to revenge, says Herodotus, a private quarrel. He 
 returned unsuccessful, and was impeached of treason by Xantliippus, father 
 of Pericles. The penalty of death was commuted for a fine of fifty talents ; 
 and before this was paid, he died of a wound or bniise received in his 
 escape from Paros. Meanwliile, the Greeks were left in security and peace, 
 and the next invasion, under Xerxes, was delayed for a peiiod of ten 
 years. 
 
 The date of the battle of Marathon, according to the most satisfao- 
 tory calcuIaLions, is September 12, b. c. 490. The account of the battle i 
 in Herodotus, although it is the best that we have, is very far from satis- P 
 factory. We have no detailed description of the movements, no ac- 
 count of the feelin? in Athens either before or after the victorv, no 
 statement (even on conjecture', of the numbers engaged on either 
 side. This silence on some points probably arose from the fact that '% 
 the invasion of Xerxes was the chief object of interest in his history, I 
 and the invasion of Darius was looked upon chiefly as introductory ' 
 to this. But on other points, especially as to the numbers, we may 
 safely presume that he is silent simply because he had no authentic ' 
 
 I 
 
HERODOTUS. 113 
 
 information. He is very minute in giving the numbers of the slain, 
 one of which at least (that of the one hundred and ninety-two Athe- 
 nian?) he could have known from inscriptions. As to the number? 
 of the Persians, hardly a gness can be made : they are variously stated 
 by later historians from 600,000 to 110,000, which last is the esti- 
 mate of Comehus Xepos. The same historian gives the number of 
 Greeks as 10.000, including 9,000 Athenians and 1,000 Plataeans. 
 Others give 10.000 Athenians and 1,000 Plataeans. If this estimate 
 included only the heavy armed, and the usual addition is made for 
 light armed, we shall make the whole Greek force consist of 20,000 
 or 22.000 men. (See Rawlinson, Appendix to Book VI.) 
 
 Herodotus does not mention cavalry in the battle, although he states 
 that the field of Marathon was selected by the Persians because it 
 was excellent for cavalry movements (fpnnreZaai). We may suppose 
 the cavalry to have been absent foraging on the day of the battle, 
 which the Persians were not expecting (as Rawlinson suggests) ; or it 
 may not yet have been landed, for some reason not given. At all 
 events, no account is given of its re-embarkation, which would have 
 been difficult after the defeat. 
 By the view given in Blakesley's " Excursus,"' the landing at Mara- 
 I thon was meant only for a lodgement. The region near held many par- 
 f tisans of Hippias, who were also formidable in the city ; and if their 
 expected movement had taken place, the Persians- might have landed 
 ..eir cavalry, destroyed the httle army of the Greeks, and occupied 
 the country at their leisure. This plan was foiled by the generalship 
 of Miitiades, who, after the two armies had held each other several 
 days in check, suddenly extended his wings, and struck his blow so 
 promptly that the Persians were beaten by sheer surprise. They 
 even drove the Athenian centre in rout, as Herodotus says, into 
 the interior (fM^aoyaiav) ; the wings, alone, had fled in "panic'' flight, 
 and perished in the marshes on the flanks, — the service rendered, at 
 this crisis, by the god Pan. On the whole, the main force must have 
 €ome off with small loss and in good order, the greatness of the vic- 
 lory being exaggerated by the patriotic pride of the Greeks. Their 
 ships lay moored, stem to the shore, and were easily got off, only 
 BBTen of the whole fleet being taken or sunk. The battle was won, 
 not by the mere superior valor of the Greeks, but by the .skill and 
 energy of their commander, who for many days kept his little army 
 fe from attack, in a well-chosen position, and fought when a longer 
 ielay might have been fatal ; for the Persians were expecting a'dem- 
 •nstration from the disloyal faction in Athens, which was prevented 
 Duly by the promptness and completeness ol' his victory. 
 
114 HEKODOTUa 
 
 II. 
 
 Page 120. — 1. Kexapa-yfie'vov, exasinraUd, lit. sharply cut: the same 
 verb (xapdo-oro)) from which our own word character is derived. — 8€iv6- 
 T€pa eiroCee, comparative of 8eivd Trotctv, to take (a tiling) ill, aegre ferre. 
 
 Page 121. — eSoveero, was kept in commotion ( " din "). — «s . . . crpa- 
 T£uo-o|i€v&)v, sUice tliey were to attack Greece : this phi-ase gives the reason 
 
 of dpiCTTWV. 
 
 2. T€TdpTa> ?T€i, i. e. probably in the summer of b. c. 487. — Ka[iPv- 
 cco) : Cambyses, son and successor of Cyrus the Great, had made Egypt 
 a Persian province in 525 b. o. — |j,dXXov wpjxi^TO, was the more eager (lit. 
 had been the more impelled). — {rT€XXo|JL€vov, about proceeding, i. e. getting 
 ready his (ttoXos. — 7rai8cov : the dispute was between Xerxes and Arta- 
 bazanes. Xerxes, though the younger, was son of Atossa, daughter of Cy. 
 rus the Great, the queen of Darius. Through her he inherited his own 
 claim of sovereignty, and she Avas now all-powerful at the Persian court. 
 He had, besides, the claim of having been " born in the purxde," after Da- 
 rius came to the throne, — Artabazanes being son of a former wife. — t|Y€- 
 IxoviTjs, jirecedencc as to the succession. — ws 8«i depends on the idea of 
 dcvianding vaguely implied in o-rdo-is eyiivi.ro. — ovtco refers back to diro- 
 Ss'lavra : the meaning is, that after nominating a successor he should so set 
 forth, i. e. he should not set forth until he had done this. — Trapa(rK€va^o- 
 (icvov agrees with Aapeiov, which is subject of diroGaveiv. — o-vvi]V€iKe, it 
 happened. 
 
 3. Kttl S^'pl"ns • Herodotus represents that Xerxes was at first indifferent 
 to the expedition against Greece, but was urged to it by Mardonius (after- } 
 wards slain at Plataea), who hoped to become satrap of Greece. In a royal 
 council held after Egypt was subdued, Xerxes declared his intention to 
 make the invasion by way of the Hellespont, and was supported by ]\[ar- 
 donius, but dissuaded by his uncle Artabanus, his wisest counsellor, — 
 who, however, yielded to the teri'or of a vision, which "threatened to burn 
 out his eyes with hot irons " for his opposition to the will of destiny. He 
 now "openly favored the expedition ; and so Xerxes gathered together his 
 host, ransacking every corner of tlie continent." — eiri reo-o-gpa ^rea, four 
 fall years, coimting from the reduction of Eg3'pt in b. c. 4^5. — 6.vo)i.ivi^ 
 (v. dvw), advancing, i. e. in the course of the year. — X^'P^ H-^^^iXt) TrXriGios, 
 with a mighty {hand of) force: with this use of X€ip cf. Laiin manus. — 
 <rTdXwv : this refers to the expedition of Darius against the Scytliians, the 
 great Scythian invasion of Media, the war of Troy, and the conquest of 
 Thrace and Northern Greece, still earlier, by the Mysians and Teucrians ; 
 " yet not all these," says Herodotus, " nor all others wliich have ever been, 
 were worthy to be compared with this single one." — ol fie'v, &c., i. e. the 
 several nations and districts subject to Xerxes. — cs TTtXpv kTer6.\a.T0, had 
 orders for foot soldiers : rh ire^dv means foot soldiers when opposed to 
 
 
 i 
 
HERODOTUS. IX5 
 
 cavalry, but land force (in general) v.hcn o]>pose(l to a naval arnianicnt. 
 
 tmros (iem. ), cavalry, " /wrse." — a|xa (G. 1^77, n. 1). — -yc^jvpas, see be- 
 low,^ 10. 
 
 4. TOVTO [liv (G. 148, N. 4), here with no correlative toOto St. — ws im- 
 plies that -Trpoo-TrTaio-tivTwv ^^ives the reason of Xerxes for digging tli'.- canal 
 through AUios (G. 277, n. 2) : for irpo<rirTaio-dvTwv, see note on 1. § 2. — 
 'irpo£Toi}ia^€TO (impersonal), preparations locre made in advance. — ck rpidiv 
 ercW, from a time three years back. — 'EXatovvxi, Elaeris, at the extreme 
 soutlnvest point of the Cliersoneus, was the base of the naval operations ;.t 
 Athos ; the military head-quarters were at Sestos, about eiglitecn mi!fs 
 above. — oipixeov is from opjjiea), wliile 6p|j,£0(ji6vot is an Ionic form (= opaw- 
 (j.€voi) from opjAow. — vtto \ia.<rrCyoiv, i. e. driven to their work by scourges. 
 See below, § 21 ; and Hi. § 44, where Hdt. describes the Persians r.t 
 Thermopylae as driven into the battle by scourges. — TravroSairof, various 
 detachments. — SidSoxoi, in relays. 
 
 Page 122. — .5. o-xoivoTcve's, a straight line (as if by a stretched cord). 
 — ^afle'a (for PaGeia) : at the greatest depth, the canal would be aljout sixty 
 feet below the surface. — pdOpcov, stagings : the Phoenicians, according to 
 Herodotus, were the only ones skilful enough in engineering to avoid tlio 
 caving in of the banks by beginning the excavation with double the widtli 
 required at the bottom. — irpiiTTipiov, Ion. for Trpdrifipiov, a market, a2)lace 
 for selling, from irpa- (stem of iriirpdcrKw). — dXT]X€o-(j.evos (v. dXc'w), ready 
 ground. 
 
 6. «s . . . cvpio-Kctv, so far as I can find out (G. 268): in fact, it was not 
 a very difficult work, and was highly politic, especially in case Greece 
 should be subjugated. The canal, which has been traced, "is about a mile 
 and a quarter long, and twenty-five yards across ; it has been much filled 
 up with mud and rushes." — -rrapedv (G. 278, 2), when it loas in his power. 
 
 ■ — 8i,€ipv<rat, to haul across, an operation easily performed with the light 
 vessels of the ancients. — iHpos ws . . . irXwciv, of [such] ividth tluit tico tri- 
 remes could pass through (G. 266, N. 1). — €Xao-Tpev(i€vas (for cXavvo^ie- 
 vas), driven by oars. — ^ev^avTas yi^vpaa-ai, simply to bridge tlie river: 
 the Greeks .said iroraiibv ^tv^ai (,§ 8) and TroTafibv yz^vpiacrai, and Hdt. 
 has even 'Y£<}>vpas t,€vyvv<av, 
 
 7. KpirdXXtDv, the frontier town of Cappadocia. — ^fjv t€ Kal v8o)p, see 
 below, § 28. — Sciirva, see below, § 25. 
 
 Page 123. — 8. 01 Si: those who had charge of the work (see TOicn 
 irpocreKe'tTO below). — l^ivyvv<rav, toere (in the mean time) building. — Ti\v 
 ji€V . . . r-i\v Si : understand yi<\>vpav from iyz^vpovv above. — Pv^Xi'viiv, 
 
 of papyrus: this plant was used by the Egyptians for ropes as well as for 
 paper. — '4(rri . . . oprdSiot (G. 1.3.5, N. .5). 
 
 9. €iriK€<r0ai fido-Ti-yi. (= fiacTi'Yuio-ai), fo scourge, here takes irXtiYO-S ''^s a 
 cognate accusative (G. 159), fo strike the stream- three hundred blovs with a 
 lash. Understand rivds as subject of both cTriKc'crGai, (v. €<|>iKV€onai) and 
 Kareivat (v. Ka0LTj[xi). — iroTajJuu : the current, about three miles an hour, 
 gives the Hellespont the aspect of a river. 
 
116 HERODOTUS. 
 
 10. Tas 8^, the bridges. — v-rro, tender, as a support. — II-^koitcI tc Kct\ 
 TpiiiKoo-tas : the upper bridge may have been made stronger (of three hun- 
 dred and sixty vessels) to resist the greater force of the stream ; or it may 
 have been at a broader part of the channel, which is here about a mile 
 wide, (See Grote's note.) — tov p-ev . . . Kara poov, at right angles tvUh 
 the Pontics, and in the line of the current of the Hellespont (to diminish 
 the resistance). — I'va dvaKwxevT], that it [this arrangement of vessels] 
 might case (i. e. by lifting) the strain on the tackle: dvaKa)x.€va) (kindred to 
 dveyo)) means to hold up, with the idea of relieving or keeping quiet (see 
 dvaKwx€v<ravTes rds vs'as, keeping tlie ships off the coast, in I. § 22) : so 
 dvai««x'^ means a trmce. It is hard to see why (according to the common 
 interpretation, that the force of the stream might keep up the tension of the 
 cables, i. e. keep them taut) there should be any anxiety to provide for tlie 
 tension of cables which were stretched over a strait a mile wide, and rested 
 on vessels in a stream running three miles an hour ! — o-vvOevTcs is re- 
 peated after the long parenthesis. — tqs fiev . . . rv\s Irep-qs, [they cast] those 
 (cl-yKvpas) of [the ships forming] one bridge towards the Pontus. — €l'v€K6v, 
 to guard against. — ^o-wOev, i. e. from the Euxine. — ttjs Be Ire'pTjs, i. e, the 
 anchors of the other bridge. — irpos lo-rrep-qs, sc. KaTT]Kav. — €<5pov, votov ; 
 these were southeast and south winds, both blowing more or less up stream. 
 
 Page 124* — SieKirXoov : the small craft (irXoia Xeirrd) would pass in 
 and out underneath the cables. 
 
 11. x^P'-s cKdrcpa, i. e. the flaxen cables and those of papyrus. — €iXk€, 
 weiglied: if the talent here meant is the Euboean, or old Attic, a cubit 
 (eighteen inches) weighed nearly eighty pounds. — twv ottXwv tov tovou, 
 the stretching of the cables, i. e. the cables, as they were stretched across the 
 strait. — iirelivyvvov, joined them above, either by ropes or by strips of wood. 
 
 12. \vToi, breakwaters. — p'nX^'HS, suif: the tide in this sea being very 
 slight. — 6 TJXios : no eclipse of the sun, visible at Sardis, took place in 
 B. c. 480, if the latest astronomical calculations can be trusted ; the story 
 here told may belong to the departure from Susa in the preceding year, 
 when there was such an eclipse. The date of the invasion of Xerxes 
 (b. c. 480) is too well established to admit of doubt. — €Triv€<}>€X»v covtwv, 
 genitive absolute : the indicative would be €'n-ive4>6Xd co-tiv, it is cloudy 
 (G. 135, 2 ). — alGpiTjs (noun), in fair weather, is genitive of time 
 (G. 179, 1). — TO 40€'Xoi (= t£ lOe'Xoi), to being relative used interroga- 
 tively (G. 282, 1). — irpoSeKTopa, verbal of irpoSeLKVvjJtt, that which desig- 
 nates or for eshoivs. 
 
 Page 125. — 13. dvani|, i. e. not divided into separate bodies, as they 
 marched according to cities or provinces. — SieXeXeiirTO, impersonal. — 
 oStoi, these, Avho marched in advance. — irpor^'yevvTO, i. e. led the part of 
 the army which accompanied the king ; opposed to ouroi, — Karsa Tpe\}/avT€S, 
 this was a mark of respect to the king, who followed them. — dpp.a Aids : 
 by Zeus Hdt. means the chief God of the Persians, Auramazda or Ormuzd. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
HERODOTUS. 117 
 
 14. X070S, dioice or fancy. — Kara vojjlov, i. e. with point upward. — 
 oStos, the ten thousand just mentioned, — poids, 2Jomeijramtt€S, probaldy 
 as sacred emblems. — dvTi <raupt)TT)p«v, iii the place of jyoiata at tlic lower 
 end. — ol . . . Tpd'TTovTcs (Ion. lor Tpe'irovTcs, present), Uiosc iv/u) pi'cccdcd 
 
 the Nisaean horses (§ V6). 
 
 Page 126, — 15. 2Kd|iavSpov, the Scrtmandcr of the Iliad: here a 
 shalloAV brook, in a bed about two hundred feet bro;id ; in the dry season 
 only three feet deep. — peeSpov (G. 160, 1). — ov8' dirc'xpiio'e . . . irtvd- 
 (jiEVos, and did not have ivater sufficient for tlic army to drink (lit. did not 
 suffice when drunk, dbc). — ws diriKCTO repeats the genitive absolute olttiko- 
 (ievov after the long relative clause. 
 
 16. **0n this transit from Asia into Europe, Herodotus dwells with 
 peculiar emphasis ; and well he might do so, since when we consider the 
 bridges, the invading number, the unmeasured hopes succeeded by no less 
 unmeasured calamity, it will appear not only to have been the most im- 
 posing event of his century, but to rank among the most imposing events 
 of all history." Grote. — Kal . . . 7dp are here to be separated, and — as 
 {for) a scat had been erected for him Jiere, cfcc. (See note on 1. § 5, above.) 
 — €0T]etTO = €0£a,To. — wpa — ecopa, imperfect of opdu. 
 
 17. <avf\p = o dvf\p. — ^paa-Qds, perceiving (see Lexicon). — ws . . . cl 
 irepieVrat, the direct, exclamation would be, ircis . • . ecrrlv, el irepieo-Tai ; 
 
 hoio short is the ivhole of mans life, if no on^ . . . is to be alive, d-c. 
 (G. 221, N.). 
 
 Page 127. — the second ovtw qualifies evSatjAcov. — tw (G. 237, N.). — 
 ■yXvKvv Y€vo-as tov alwva, after giving [man] a taste of the sioectness of life, 
 lit. a taste of life as (being) siveet. — <\>Qov6p6s, jealous, i. e. lest man should 
 vie with him in blessedness. 
 
 18. Twv8' kyu) vjxecov XPl^t^^j loanting this (G. 148, N. 1) of you: so 
 Stojiat occasionally takes two genitives, instead of the common construc- 
 tion (G. 172, N. 1). — |vvbv . . . (TTreviSeTai, for this which ice are seeking is 
 for the good of all in common: the construction being tovto -yo-p <nrev8€Tat 
 (])assive) [ov] d7a0bv Trdo-i ^uvdv : the adjective %vv6s — koivos. — tvTera- 
 jilvws, vigoroiLsly (adverb formed from participle of Ivtcivw). — t«v ( = wv) 
 for Kttl TOTjTcov. — ovi p,TJ Tis . . . dvTKrTfj (2 aorist), an emphatic future ex- 
 pression (G. 257). — \iK6'^xa.a-\. (v. Xa-yxdvw), have in cliarge (as if as- 
 signed by lot) : cf. Latin sortiti sunt. 
 
 19. TOV -fjXiov, the Sun, under the name of Mithra, was one of the chief 
 objects of worship in the Persian religion. 
 
 Page 128. — rj jxiv iravo-et (G. 236). — irpdrcpov ^^ . , . ^cvTirai, = irp\v 
 dv . . . -ylvT^Tat (G. 240, N. ). — dKivdKi^v, a short, straight-pointed sword, 
 or dirk. — |iao-Ti7cocravTi (G. 277, 2). 
 
 20. l-rrl 8^ avTos H^'p|iis, i. e. after the chariot. — dvTJvovTO, put off 
 form the shore. 
 
118 HERODOTUS. 
 
 21. €i8o|i6VOS, likening thyself ; Oep.€vos, taking to thyself. — €|f]v . . . 
 iroi€6iv (G. 222, N. 2). 
 
 22. Tov 'EXXi^o-irovTov, accusative governed by the phrase 'i%<a ttXwwv, as 
 if it were a coiiipound verb like eKXeiiretv, which takes the accusative. — 
 •w^-xYTcnav to, ^fiiraXiv toO ire^ov, taking the opjjosite direction from the land 
 force {lit. doing the op2}ositc), i. e. sailing southwest towards the Aegean, 
 while the army marched northeast into Thrace. — Aopio-Kov : this was a 
 strong Persian fortress, which had been held since the invasion of Scythia 
 by Darius. (See note on I. § 6.) 
 
 Page 129. — 23. irXifiGeos dpiGixov, number of ]jeo2ile. — tov ire^ov, of 
 
 the foot-soldiers (as we know from Hdt. VII. 184, where the cavalry are 
 estimated at 80,000 in addition to this number. — to 7rXf]0os : by this 
 reckoning, 1,700,000 men, a very uncertain estimate, as the nimibers 
 might easily be exaggerated in the loose way of counting. Ctesias makes 
 800,000, and Aelian 700,000 ; but "we may well believe," says Mr. Grote, 
 "that the numbers of Xerxes were greater than were ever assembled in 
 ancient times, or perhaps at any known epoch of history." — <rvvva|av- 
 T€s To.vTt\v, i. e. T'fiv (ivptdSa. Compare Karavd^avTes T'fjv yt^v in § 11, 
 above. — vx|/os (G. 160, 1). 
 
 24. 8i€^eXdo-as (G. 138, N. 8) ^y\i\<ratr^(x.\., to see them in review (G. 204, 
 N. 2). — K-^Td, afterwards. — d'7r€'-Ypa<j>ov oi "ypap-ixaTio-Tat : these lists, it 
 has been thought, may have fallen into the hands of the Greeks, and been 
 the authority for the account of Hdt. (see Rawlinson). — 6(rov t€ reo-o-apa, 
 about four ; ri being used by Hdt. after 8(ros, as it is even in Attic Greek 
 after otos, able (G. 151, N. 4). — dv€Kwx€vov (v. kv(x.K(ayjLV(a). See I. § 22. 
 
 Page 130* — IvTos, between, governs both irpwpewv and aiYiaXov. 
 
 25. Tovs . . • Ip.'n'oSwv, whoever came in his way. — €s irdv KaKov, into all 
 sorts of distress. — dvao-Taroi e-y^vovTo, lost house a.nd home. — 6kov ( = 8irov), 
 at which time. — 0a(rbi<ri . . . dirc'Se^e (v. diroSeLKWfjti), rendered an account 
 to the Thasians for 400 talents s/5C7i^ (about $400,000). Compare aTroSei- 
 Kvvvai Xd-yov. — dpaipT)|xevos (v, aipeo)), appointed (to manage the business). 
 
 Herodotus adds: "As soon as the herald's message came, the people 
 would distribute their stores of grain, and proceed to grind wheat and 
 barley-flour for many months' supply ; then buy up and fatten the finest 
 cattle ; feed poultry and waterfowl in pens and coops for the service of the 
 army ; and provide gold and silver drinking-cups and bowls. These things 
 for the king's table only ; for the others, food alone. "When the anny 
 arrived, a tent stood ready spread, in which Xerxes took his rest, while the 
 troops remained in the open air. When dinner-time came, great was the 
 toil of the entertainers ; and after spending the night well fed, the army 
 next day tore down the tent, and carried off all it held, leaving nothing." 
 
 26. ^iros e5 €lpT)p,€vov, a saying well expressed, a hon mot. — Kal to Xoi- 
 irdv, also for the future (as they had done in the present case). — irape'xeiv 
 dv, = iropcixev dv (G. 211) j depends on the idea of saying implied in 
 
 ^ 
 
HERODOTUS. 119 
 
 crvv£-?ov\:-uo-e : for it would have subjected them to the nltrrn/itive, &e. — 
 • — KaKuo-Ta, &;c., bif tlie worst fate that ever be/ell men. (G. 168.) 
 
 27. vfiofie'veiv, to wait (for him). — uirfiK€ (v. d4>tri|ii), sent off. — 0'pn^ 
 8^ TTj . . . olKtjfic'vr), and [I mean] Therma which w niltuited, d:c. 
 
 The account of the march of Xerxes from Doriscus (§ 25) to Acanthus 
 (§ 27), wliich is chiefly descriptive, is here omitted. Acanthus is y.ist 
 northwest of the Isthmus of Mount Athos, through which the canal (§4) 
 had been dug by order of Xerxes. Here therefore, as is stated in § 27, the 
 king separated from his fleet, sending it through the canal and round the 
 two western capes of Chalcidice to the head of the Gulf of Therma. The 
 only account given by Herodotus of the passage of the fleet through the 
 canal is in the words (VII. 122), oiGle'irXwo-c ttjv Stwpvx^c, ri\v iv tu» "A0a> 
 •y6vo|xevT]v. The fleet remained at Therma until its (k'parture for the coast 
 of Thessaly (p. 137, § 5). 
 
 Meanwhile Xerxes marched wdth his army across Chalcidice, from Acan- 
 thus to Therma. On the way (according to Hdt. VII. 125) the camels 
 which carried the provisions were attacked by lions (?). On reaching 
 Therma, they encamped on tlie shore of the Gulf, the camp extending 
 from Therma to the mouth of the Haliacmon on the western coast. South 
 of this river and north of Mount Olympus was Pieria, celebrated as the 
 birthplace and the home of the nine Muses. In this region Xerxes 
 remained (§ 28), until he began his march of eleven or twelve days to 
 Thermopylae (p. 140, § 13). 
 
 28. KTipuKes: see p. 122, § 7. — Keivoi (= Kevot), empty-handed. 
 
 Page 131. — ^TttfAov opKiov: cf. Latin ferire foedus. — Karao-ravTcov 
 €§, having come into (i. e. being in) a good condition. — o-(j>t (G. 184, 3, x. 4). 
 — 8€KaT£i)crai (causal) depends on 6pKiov tl^e, as if it were they took an 
 oath to, cC-c. (G. 271). 
 
 29. Aapeiov irc'^xl/avros : see p. 112, § 2. — oi [le'v, the Athenians. — 
 TO pdpaGpov, the pit : this was a deep hole at Athens, like a well, into 
 which the dead bodies of executed criminals (and sometimes even living 
 criminals) were cast, iron hooks in the sides tearing the body to pieces 
 as it fell Miltiades is snid to have counselled this act, wishing to com- 
 mit the city to inexpiable hostility against Persia. — o-vvt|V6ik€ (v. o-vji- 
 <}>lpa)) -y^vfo-Oai, chanced to befall. — dveBeX-qTov, lit. unicclcome, belongs 
 to 5 Ti. — In later times it w'as believed that the misfortunes of Miltiades 
 were the retribution of this impiety. In Sparta, the wrath of the heio 
 Talthybius, herald of Agamemnon, fell upon the state, and would not be 
 ap])eased until two noble Spartans had offered themselves in expiation, and 
 surrendered themselves to the Persians ; Xerxes, however, generously 
 spared their lives. But their sons, when proceeding as Spartan envoys to 
 Persia, during the Peloponnesian War, were captured by the Athenians 
 and put to death. Then at length, sixty years after it was committed, 
 the crime against the ambassadors of Darius was atoned. 
 
 30. KaricTo, was sent f/rth. — oihlv ireio-oiwvot &X°f ^) likely to suffer 
 no harm.. 
 
120 
 
 HERODOTUS. 
 
 31. I^ep-yofiai, I am constrained. Herodotus is writing some fifty years 
 after the Persian wars, when Athens was unpopular in consequence of the 
 extent of her empire. 
 
 Page 133. — lireipuvTO avTievfievoi, tvotild have attemjytcd opposition: 
 in Hdt. Tr€ipdop.aL takes the participle like the verbs mentioned in G. 279, 
 4, N. — f|VTto{iTo and l-yi-yvcro both refer to past time, like eireipcSvTO &.v 
 above (G. 222). — el Kal iroWaL, i. e. no unaiter how tnany. — KiOwves 
 (Ionic for x^Toives), an unusual expression for walls: Hdt. once calls a 
 wall a GwpT]! (1. 181), and Demades the orator uses ecr0T]Ta tt]s ircXews in 
 the same sense. (Kriiger. ) Compare the English curtain of a fortress. — 
 €Xt]Xqp,€voi 8ia, extended across. — irpoSoGe'vTes &v . . . ejj.ovvw6T](rav : &v 
 belongs to the verb [not to the participle). So below, in [xovvwOevTcs dv 
 . . . dtre'Oavov : in § 32, opeovrcs fi.v . . . &v cxp'HO-avTo, we find &v repeated 
 on account of the length of the sentence, as it might have been in the 
 two other cases. (See G. 212, 2 ; and also Greek Moods and Tenses, § 42, 
 3, Note 1). 
 
 32. irpb Tov, beforehand (G. 143, 2). — Pao-iXc'os liriKpaTcovTos, prot- 
 asis to ■fjv &v, = el pacriXeus lireKparee (G. 226, 1). — ixv tis Xe-ywv : dv 
 belongs to djAaprdvoi. : see last note on § 31, above. — toOto to 'EXXt]vikov 
 (accusative after e"y£ipavTes) — toiitovs tows "EXXTjvas. 
 
 Page 133. — 33. The oracles are in hexameter verse (G. 295, 4), and 
 the language is generally an imitation of the Homeric ; the constructions 
 are often confused, as would be expected from the fact that the verses 
 were (or purported to be) spoken under the inspiration of the moment. 
 (1.) jjjcvY* is addressed to the whole people represented by the messengers, 
 as if it were but one person. — go-xara "yai-qs, to the ends of the earth 
 (G, 162). (2.) 8a)|i,aTa and KdpT]va are governed by XiircSv. — rpoxoei- 
 bsos refers to the walls of Athens, which made an irregular circuit around 
 the Acropolis or citadel. (3.) ^jiireSov (as adverb), firm, in its jylace. 
 (4.) }ie'<r<rt]s (for |jLeo-T]s), sc. irdXews. (5.) Kara belongs to epeiTrei (G. 191, 
 N. 3). (6.) SupiTj-yeve's, i. e. Assyrian: the Persians, who were high- 
 landers, having learned the use of chariots from the Assyrians of the plain. 
 — 8iwK«v, driving : in the Persians of Aeschjdus (vs. 83), Xerxes is said 
 to come 2vpiov dpfJia Siwkwv. (7.) d-TroXei, so. 'Apiqs. (8.) LSpwrt peox'i- 
 (J.SV01, dripping icith sicca f, in their tenor. (9.) Kara belongs to Ke'xuTai : 
 the meaning seems to be that blood falls in showers from the temple roofs, 
 in which case the dative 6p6(|>ot<ri must be explained as in certain Homeric 
 constructions (G. 184, 3, n. 1-4). But Karaxew generally takes the da- 
 tive in Homer (as the genitive in Attic) in the sense shower down upon, 
 which does not suit the present passage as Avell, but perhaps is correct. — 
 (10. ) irpoiSdv, foreboding, as if the blood were itself terrified. (11. ) trov, 
 apparently addressed to tvio messengers ; but the plural follows immedi- 
 ately. — eiriKiSvaTe, &c., deluge your souls with woes (perfundite animum 
 mails, Stein) ; or (as Liddell and Scott translate), spread a brave spirit 
 
 ^ 
 
HERODOTUS. 121 
 
 over your ills: the former suits the context better: k£8vt]hi is kindred to 
 <rK£8dvvv|xi, scatter. 
 
 34. €Xp€ovTO, felt themselves in. — irpopcLXXovo-t o-<|)f as avrovs, abandon- 
 ing themselves to despair (dat. after <rvve|3ov\€V€). — iKt-nipias (pdpSovs), 
 the siqypliant olive-branclces. — cXGovras agrees with the omitted subject of 
 •XpdaGat, instead of taking the case of o-<j>t (G. 138, n. 8). — <3va^ {-= <a 
 &va|) : for the special sense of the title &va| in Homer, see Gladstone's 
 Juvejitics Mundi, p. 152, according to whom it corresponds nearest with 
 the partly religious and partly feudal term Lord. — Jcrr' dv t€X£vttjo-w|1€v 
 (G. 239, 2). 
 
 35. \iyov<ri (dative), as they spoke. (2.) Xi(r(rop.€VT] (G. 277, 5). (3.) 
 dSdfiavTt TTtXdo-o-as (sc. olvto), viaking it like (i. e. Jirm as) adanutnt. 
 (4.) oSpos may be either for 6pos, mount, hill, or for 8pos, huuiulary : it 
 may mean, therefore, either the Acropolis of Athens or the bounds of At- 
 tica. Cecrops is one of the early (mythical) kings of Athens, in wliose 
 rt*ign (says Hdt.) the peojde were called KexpoirtSai. (5.) KiOaipoivos, 
 the boundary of Attica towards Delphi (see maj*). (6.) tcixos |ij\Lvoy, 
 this is the celebrated 2(;oafZe?t lyaZZ of the oracle. (8.) jicveiv, infinitive for 
 imperative. 
 
 Page 134.. — (10. ) ?ti . . . ^<r<rT|, yet a day shall come (vvri) when thou 
 shalt meet him. (12.) Kawlinson translates 
 
 " Wiieii men scatter the seed, or when they gather the harvest." 
 
 36. <ruv€(rTr]Kmai, opposed, like wrestlers who stand together in the ring. 
 — pT]Xw, palisade : there were a few who clung to this inter[)retation, and 
 perished on the sacred hill (see IV. § 34). — Kara tov <})pa'y[JLbv . . . ctvai, 
 teas (used) with reference to, ikc. — tovto, this expression. — o-vvex^ovro, 
 were confounded (con-fusi). 
 
 37. 0e|ii(rTOKX€T]s, a Greek of the Greeks, able, keen-witted, patriotic, 
 and unscrupulous : the man wiio by his single counsel proved the deliverer 
 of Greece. — cl . . . covtws, if the saying had really been uttered u'ith refer- 
 ence to the AtJienians [dyjz . . . elpTifjievov — el'pT]TO : Stein). — ovk dv . . . 
 XpTlo"0fivat = ouK dv kxpr^<^Qv^ (G. 211). — jjlIv 8ok€€iv, (he said) tliat Joe 
 believed. — tju 0£w, by tJie God (G. 188, 3). 
 
 Page 135. — <rv\Xa}JLpdvovTt Kara to opGdv, to one jud{/ing righlli/ 
 (G. 184, 5) : Themistocles may probably have devised the oracle, as well 
 as the interpretation, wishing to impress the deepest terror at the real dan- 
 ger, so as to overcome the timid clinging to the city, and persuade the 
 people to accept the only chance of safety. — tovtov, this, refers to iropa- 
 <rK€vd5«(r0ai . . . va-unaXT|<rovTas : i. e. the ships (here implied) were the 
 wooden wall of the oracle. — ^-yvoxrav, decided (G. 200, s. 5 b): a-^i belongs 
 to aipcTwTcpa. — TO (rv\nrav clvai (G. 268, N. ), i7i short. 
 
 38. Is Kttipbv r\pi<mvcr€, prevailed {proved to be best) seasonably. — t«v 
 dirb Aavpetov (G. 191, N. 6) belongs to jieToXXwv. — opxilSov, in shares, 
 to each male citizen. If Hdt. is right (V. 97) is estimating the Athenian 
 
122 HERODOTUS. 
 
 citizens at thirty thousand, the sum must have been fifty talents (about ^ 
 fifty thousand dollars). — 8eKa Spaxixds, about two dollars. — xprifjidTwv, 
 genitive of price. — SiriKoo-tas : as Athens had only tAvo hundred ships at 
 Salamis, and must have had a fleet before this resolution of Themlstochs 
 (Miltiades sailed to Paros just after the battle of Marathon -witli seventy 
 ships), and as fifty talents are an incredibly small sum for building two 
 hundred ships of war, we must understand Hdt. to mean that this money 
 was used (with other sums from the treasury) in building the fleet of two 
 hundred ships which fought at Salamis. Plutarch (Them. IV.) says the 
 money from the mines was used in building one hundred ships. — tov -irpbs 
 Ai-yivTJTas : see above, I. § 3. The Aeginetans at this time had the finest 
 navy in Greece, and they -were called OaXao-o-OKparopes, rulers of the sea, 
 during the ten years from 490 to 480 B. o. Plutarch says of them at this 
 time, KaT€txov ol Al-yivfiTai TrXriBei vewv t^v 0a\a<r<rav. — Is to, for what 
 (for the purpose /or which). — -ks Se'ov, nearly equivalent to Is Kaipov, 
 seasoTuihly. — rotcrt Pov\ofievoio-i (G. 186). 
 
 39. Is TwvTo, into one place, probably the Isthmus of Corinth, after- 
 wards the place of meeting of various councils of war (see below, III. § 1). 
 — cr<j>C<riv, to each other, as reflexive in sense of reciprocal (G. 146, N. 3 ; 
 144, 2). — irpcwTov . . . irdvTwv, first of all things: according to Plutarch, 
 Themistocles proposed this general reconciliation. — lYK€KpT]p.€voi (which 
 is an emendation for IykcxP'HF^'voi), from l-yKepdvvuiii : the wars are said to 
 have been mixed uj) or concocted. See irdXefxos o-vvT]'TrTO above, I. § 3. 
 
 Page 136. — irp-rjYjJLdTwv, objective genitive. — <j)povTJ(ravT49 tt kws tv 
 Te YevoiTo, &c. : the sense is, they resolved to send these spies and mes- 
 sengers, having formed a ivise jjIcui (((jpovqcravTCs) in case the Orcek race 
 should in cmy ivcty become united, <tc. The apodosis to el . . . "yevoiro . . . 
 •irpT|cr(roi€v is suppressed (G. 226, N. ), being implied in the context: i. e. 
 their plan loould succeed (or the like) in case of union. See Hdt. VI. 52 : 
 PovXo|icvr|v el' kws d(Ji.£})dT€poi "yevoiaro pao-iX^es, wishing that both might in 
 some way become kings, lit. having a wish (which would be realized) in case 
 both should in some way become kings. (See Greek Moods and Tenses, § 53, 
 N. 2). — (OS . . . Ittiovtcdv gives the ground on which the Greeks acted 
 (G. 277, N. 2). 
 
 In the narrative which follows, the spies sent to Persia are taken and 
 brought before Xerxes, who "gave orders to his guard to take them round 
 the camp, and show them all the footmen and all the horse, letting them 
 gaze at everything to their heart's content ; then, when they were satisfied, 
 to send them away unharmed to whatever country they desired," — think- 
 ing he was thus surest to terrify the Greeks from all thought of resistance. 
 Argos jealously refused the alliance, unless she should have equal command 
 with Sparta, claiming that the supreme authority was justly hers, by riglit 
 of descent from Agamemnon. She was even charged with having in\dted 
 the Persians to the invasion of Greece, Gelo (whose exploits in Sicily are 
 told at length) refused his aid, unless he should be put in supreme com- 
 
HERODOTUS. 123 
 
 maud, - to wiiich the Greeks retorted that they came "to a>k for an army, 
 and not a general" ; so Gelo stood ready to submit if the I'criiaiis were 
 victorious. He afterwards claimed, however, that he would have helped 
 the Greeks hut for the emharrassment of a war with llamilcar of Carthage, 
 Coicyra promised lielp, hut kept back her fleet (under pretence of iiead 
 winds) till the crisis was past. The Cretans refused to assist, having 
 once suffered calamity from Minos (who had perished in his j)ursuit of Dae- 
 dalus) for the aid given by Idomeneus in the Trojan war. And the Thea- 
 salians submitted, reluctantly, to overwhelming force. 
 
 III. 
 
 Page 136. — 1. "Ta ( = l3)> ^''^^^<^ (""^ what region). — iv oI'okti xcipoi- 
 cri, on what sort of ground. — ka-^oKi\v, i. e. from Thessaly into Central 
 Greece. — tt]s €S ©to-o-aXCav, i. e. the pass of Tempe, at the mouth of the 
 Peneius. Herodotus gives three reasons why the pass of Thermopylae was 
 preferred : the second (Kal ^la), that it was single, refers to the Persians 
 having entered Thessaly by another route, and not by Tempe as was ex- 
 pected ; and to justify the choice on this ground, he mentions the igno- 
 rance of the Greeks as to the mountain pass, tt|V drpairov, by which 
 Thermopylae was finally turned. — 'Io-TiaiiiTt8os, the territory of Histiaea 
 (afterwards Oreus) in the north of Euboea. (For the bearing of these 
 places, see a map of Greece. ) This position was chosen to prevent the Per- 
 sian fleet from taking the flank or rear of their force at Thermopylae. 
 
 2. TOvTo (16V, TO *ApT€|Ai(riov, first, as to Arteivisium : tovto p.€V cor- 
 responds to T| 8^ aS . . . ^o-oSos (i. e. tlie pass of Thermopylae) below. — 
 4k . . . 0pT]iKtcTj, after (coming from) the Thracian sea. — o-vvd"y€Tai (sc. to 
 'rre'Xa-yos) es . • . tov irdpov, it (the sea) contracts into the strait, d-c. — €k tou 
 <rT€ivov 8eK€Tai, i. e. after jessing tlie strait, the shore (of) Artemisium in 
 Eiihoea (possessive genitive) comes next: Se.-.cTai is used like €K8ex€Tai and 
 {nroSexcTci (§ 3), excipit. — TijiiirXeOpov, about 50 feet. The line of the 
 coast is now much farther from the hill, owing to the deposits made by the 
 river. Kawlinson says : " The pass is now sei)cirated from the sea through- 
 out its entire extent by a tract of marshy ground, a mile or two in width." 
 — TO o-TCLvoTttTov T-f^s X"P^5 TT^s dXXT]s, the iiarroivest part of tJic v:hoh 
 pass : tt)s &XXt]s is used as Thucydides si)eaks of the Peloponnesian war as 
 a^ioXcYwTaTov twv Trpo-ye'yevTip.evwv, lit. tlic most notable of tJoosc vJuch had 
 preceded it ; and as we often beat a thing called "the most perfect of all 
 others." See map of Thermoi>ylae at the end of the volume. 
 
 Page 137. — 3. to irpbs eo-ircpTis (G. 160, 2), towards the west: in 
 fact, more nearly towards the south ; Hdt. thought of the coast as lying 
 from north to south. — yy^r^av^, caldrmis : of these there are two, en- 
 closed in masonry. The hot springs of Thermopylae are salt, and of the 
 
12-1: HERODOTUS. 
 
 temperature of 100° Fahr. — 'HpaKXeos : it was said that these springs 
 were created miraculously that Hercules might have a warm bath after one 
 of his labors. — ttjv AloXioa, tlic Aeolian land, the more ancient name of 
 Thessaly. This irruption of The.ssalians from Epirus is one of the earliest 
 movements mentioned in the traditions of the race afterwards called Hel- 
 lenic. Thucydides (I. 12) speaks of the migration of Boeotians from Ame 
 in Thessaly into the land afterwards called Boeotia, a result of this Thes- 
 salian migration ; and he assigns the sixtieth year after the capture of Troy 
 as its date. — lirf]Kav, conducted (by trenches). — cos ti,v : Homer and Hdt. 
 sometimes used (os £Lv and Sirws &v with the optative, as all writers do with 
 the subjunctive, without affecting the sense (G. 216, 1, N. 2). Here the &v 
 belongs to the particle, not to the verb (G. 207, 2) ; in Attic Greek, such 
 an dv would belong to the verb and form an apodosis. 
 
 4. €V IIiepiT) : see note on II. § 27, above. — 8iaXv3evT€s €K tov 'Io-Ojaov, 
 
 hrcaking up [at, and departing] from the Isthnms. 
 
 Page 13§. — 5. I0ii SKidGov (G. 182, 2). — Tpoi^iivtii : this ship was 
 captured by the Persians, who (as Hdt. adds) "took the handsomest man 
 on board, and sacrificed him at the ship's prow," reckoning it a good omen, 
 
 — the more so as the man's name was Leon. The two other triremes were 
 taken ; but the crew of the Athenian ship escaped. On hearing of this ad- 
 vance of the Persian fleet, the Greeks left their anchorage at Artemisium, 
 and retreated to Chalcis on the western coast of Euboea. 
 
 6. irepl TO tp\i.a, iqmn the reef : this still lies in the mid-channel. — 
 KOjXLO-av'fts, having brought it (the column) for this ]Hirpose. — KaOapov, 
 removed, i. e. by being made haruiless. — ^vBcKa T||jL€pas : see note on 
 II, § 27, above. — iravtifiepov irXwovrts : the distance is about 100 miles. 
 
 — Tf)s Ma-yv^crC-qs X^pris, possessive genitive with the following accusa- 
 tives. — cTTparos, the whole armament (army and navy). 
 
 In the estimate which follows (VII. 184-187, here omitted), Herodotus 
 makes the whole Persian armament, including army and navy, before the 
 battle of Thermoiiylae and before the storm, to consist of 2,641,610 men. 
 To the number of 1,700,000 foot-soldiers counted in the review at Doriscus 
 (see above, II, § 23), he now adds 80,000 for the cavalry, 517,610 for the 
 crews and marines of the fleet, 20,000 for Arabs with camels and Libyans 
 with chariots, and lastly 324,000 for the land and sea forces furnished by 
 the Thracians, ilacedonians, and Thessalians, whom Xerxes had pressed 
 into his service since he entered Europe (see II. § 25). This immense 
 total of 2,641,610 Herodotus propo:,es to double, to include all the non- 
 combatants (attendants, crews of corn- vessels, and camp-followers), giving 
 a grand total for the entire host of 5,283,220 I Rawlinson, on various 
 grounds, reduces the estimates for the military force to about 1,500,000, 
 taking no account of the still greater exaggerations in the number of non- 
 combatants. "Of all these myriads," says Herodotus, "there was not 
 one who for beauty and stature better deserved to hold this vast power 
 than Xerxes himself." 
 
HKRODOTUS. 125 
 
 7. irp«JKpo(r<rai- . . . veas, they lay at anclior, arranged alternatdi/ (or 
 in a quincunx), heading scarcard, and eight rows deep. The sclioliii on 
 II. XIV. 3o explain irpoKpoo-o-as (sc. vfjas) ^pvo-av us follows : dXX-qv irpb 
 dXXirjs irapaWTiXws dviCS-Kvcrav KXi(xaKT]8dv, i. e. Ihei/ drew t/icm up in 
 parnllel rows like steps ; Aiistarchiis adds, that this would give the ai>pear- 
 aiice of a tJieatre, Kpdoro-ai "yap at KXip,aK€s. This means the seats of the 
 Greek theatre, which wave steps like those of a modern circus ; and we may 
 refer KXip.aKT)8dv ( = TrpoKpooro-ai) to 
 
 the general api)earance of the ships ooooooooo 
 from the sea, which, if they were ar- oooooooo 
 
 IP i\-i.i£ ooooooo 
 
 ranged ^ror example) as in the ngure, 
 
 mi<dit suggest the idea of a cuneus ^ 
 
 . , 1 • ^^ -o ^ ^ O O O O O 
 
 m the theatre, especially it the shore o o o o 
 
 were curved, and if the inner rows 
 
 of ships were drawn up (as here) on a sloping beach. In II. 125, Hdt. 
 says that the steps on the outside of the pyramids of Egypt were sometimes 
 called Kpoo-trai. We may, however, refer KXinaK-qSdv to the irreg- o 
 iilar lines in which the ships were arranged from front to rear (as in *-* 
 
 the second figure). For another explanation, opposed to that of 
 Aristarchus, see Liddell and Scott, s. v. irpoKpooorot. — oiirw (sc. q 
 «p|i£Ov). — ^€(rcLcn]s, hciving become seething (i. e. before the storm o 
 
 burst). — aTTTjXiwTTjs (d-rrd--qXios), properly an east icind, here (east- o 
 northeast, referring to the 'EXXi^o-irovTias. — roio-i . . . fipjiov, viho ° 
 
 tccrc so anchored (as to allow it) : for oiirw dyj. 6p}j.ov (impersonal), q 
 
 see G. 168, N. 3. — ol hi (G. 234; 227, 2), these. — a.va.a-Ko.a-a.v- o 
 T€s (G, 279, 4). — ixerapo-ias, at sea. — 'iXa^i (sc. 6 xei-H-wv). — 'Iirvotis, 
 Ovens: see below. — rov xa\i(avo<s xpr\\ia, tJie matter of the storm, a com- 
 mon expression for the storm : cf. vos \pr\\i-o. |i€"ya, a huge wild boar 
 (Hdt. I. 36). 
 
 Most writers place Sepias, the rocky headland on which the Persian fleet 
 ■was wrecked, near the southeastern point of JMagnesia, or even (as Grote) 
 beyond that point upon the southern coast. For the following account of 
 the topography we are indebted to Professor Sophocles, who was born on 
 the coast of Magnesia, and who has known the whole shore as a boy and 
 studied it as a scholar : — 
 
 The east-northeast wind, the 'EXXT^o-irovTCas of the ancients, is still the 
 terror of navigators on the " harborless coast of Pelioii" (Euri[). Alcest. 595). 
 But it is dreaded chiefly north of Cape ISTekhori ; a vessel overtaken by the 
 wind south of this point can easily enter the channel between Thessaly and 
 Euboea. The rocky headland directly east of the highest point of Pelion 
 agrees best with the accounts of Sepias. Between this and the probable 
 site of Casthanaia (four miles below) are two beaches, separated by a point 
 of rocks. North of Sepias is another small beach, beyond which are .several 
 caves in the steep cliffs (Iv n-qXio)), which are probably the 'Iirvol or 
 Ovens. On these three beaches the fleet must have been drawn up, and 
 here the disaster must have occurred. 
 
126 
 
 HERODOTUS. 
 
 Page 139. — 8. 'ftpdQviav: Orithyia, daughter of the Attic king 
 Erechtlieus, was said to have been carried off by Boreas (the northeast 
 wind), as she was picking flowers on the banks of the Ilissus. The story 
 is pleasantly told in the beginning of Plato's Phaedrus. — wpji-qrai, has gone 
 forth or spread. — irtpVAOtov : see above, I. § 4, and note on 1. § 2. 
 
 9. \4yov(ri 8ta<j)9apTivai is understood with ovk cXdo-trovas. — YH^X*" 
 ovTi, bemg a landholder ("y^oxos or -yaiTJoxos)- — Kai tovtov, him too (as 
 well as other men), object of Xvirtvcra. — <rv}i<|)op-?| . . . iraiSotJxjvos, a ca- 
 lamity afflicting him by the death of a child (or children) : this seems to 
 imply that he was accidentally the cause of his child's (or children's) 
 death. 
 
 10. ovK cirfjv &pi0[ios, the7X was no reckoning. — KaraeiSovTcs "^i-^ax^ 
 
 singhig incantations by enchanters : *ydT](ri is suspected by many recent edi- 
 tors. — dv4\uo belongs to both participles. — ©en, Thetis, the sea-goddess, 
 mother of Achilles. It was said that the place at which Thetis was seized 
 by Peleus was called Sepias, because she there changed herself into a cuttle- 
 fish (o-qiria) to escape her lover. 
 
 Page 140* — 11. oirio-o) xiirci-yovTO : see note on § 5, above, — lirwvv- 
 \t.ii\v . . . vo|xi^ovT€s, kecjnng up the name, i. e. continuing to invoke Posei- 
 don with this title of Saviour. 
 
 12. T-fjv fiKp-qv : the southeast cape of Thessaly, often mistaken for Se- 
 pias itself. — lOe'av (sc. oSdv), straight. — <}>£povTa, leading (Pagasae being 
 at the head of the bay, the Gulf of Volo). — evr* . . . ^irXeov, i. e. on the 
 Argonautic expedition, to Kwas being the famous Golden Fleece. — 'A<f>€- 
 Tai, Jjjhetae, or place of departure, from dc{)ir,(jLt (through d<|>€TOs) in its 
 neuter sense seen in d^r\<reiv, to set sail. 
 
 13. iTop?v9€is : see note on II. § 27, above. — Is M-rjXicas, i. e. into thej 
 land of the Malians, at the head of the Gulf of Malis, in whose territory 
 was the outer end of the pass of Thermojiylae. — to peeOpov (G. 160, 1) 
 belongs to direxpTjo-e : see note on II. § 15, above. 
 
 Page 141. — o-3tos is not antecedent to 6o-tis, but repeats the idea of 
 the relative clause for emphasis. 
 
 14. dp.Trft)Tis T€ Kal pTjXi'H, ^f>b andfloio of the tide, which is seldom suf- 
 ficient to be noticed in the Mediterranean. — IdvTt (G. 184, 5). — Pot]06-j 
 ovTa, as an aid: the future is more common in this sense (G. 277, 3). — 
 Kaio|i€v<{), when he burnt himself o\\ Mount Oeta. — d'n-o<}>avf]vai (G. 203). 
 
 15. KttT* d, at lohich = where, referring to TavTTj (where if would have] 
 been more regular). — 8io"xiXia . . . wXeGpa, 22,000 plethra, i. e. in sur-j 
 face : the irXiGpov is a long measure of 100 (Greek) feet in length, or a 
 square measure of 10,000 square feet ; the Trachinian plain, therefore,! 
 must have contained nearly 8 square miles. 
 
 16. 'Ao-«irov, not to be confounded with the Boeotian Asopus (see above, 
 1. § 13). 
 
 ^i 
 
 11 
 
HERODOTUS. lL>7 
 
 Page 142. — 'A|X(})iKTi)0(ri, i. e. for the Amphictyonic Council, which 
 met twice in each year, once at Theniioitylae and once at Dt-lplji. The 
 •word 'Ap.(|)iKTiiov€s (the same as d|i<|>iKTiov€s) originally meant 7u:iafihi>rs, 
 and shows the origin of tliis aiul other similar assemblies. The hero 
 Amphictyon, whose temjde is here mentioned, was piohahly invented to 
 connect the fonndation of this famous council with the Greek mythology. 
 
 17. 0£p}io-irvXo.t, from the hot .springs. — ^ep6vro)v (like txovTwvjnst 
 hefore it), extendimj : see note on § 12, above. — to eirl ... Tjirtipov 
 (Ct. 160), as rcrjards wluit was on this continent (Greece) : see above, § 3. 
 
 18. Too-ovTot |Ji€v, i. e. the 2120 jnst mentioned. 
 
 19. TJKoiev represents -flKoixev of the direct discourse (G. 200, N. 3). — 
 ov ^dp Oeov dva.\. : the indirect discourse changes here from the optativi* to 
 the infinitive (G. 246). — tw (= <S) . . . cruv£{iLx9Ti : this aorist, being in 
 a dependent clause, could not be changed to the optative (G. 247, n. 2). 
 — 6ij>€LXtiv . . . irco-eiv dv, ought to fall : dv may belong to ocjieiXetv 
 ( = 6t|)€^Xoi dv), it icould he his due to fall ; or it may belong to irco-ctv 
 (ircoroi dv), it is his due that he shonld fall (if he should test his fortune). 
 In the former case it is very irregular in its position ; in the latter, in its 
 construction. (See Greek Moods and Tenses, § 42, 2, N. ; § 41, N. 4. ) 
 
 Page 143. — 20. Hdt. honors Leonidas, the king of Sparta who he- 
 longed to the elder branch of the royal family, by giving his genealogy 
 through the line of Spartan kings up to Aristodemus, the great-great- 
 gi-andson of Hercules, one of the semi-fabulous Heraclidae who led the Do- 
 rian invasion of Peloponnesus. The twin sons of Aristodemus — Emys- 
 thenes and Procles — founded the two lines of Spartan kings. (See 
 Smith's larger History of Greece, Chap. IV.) 
 
 21. ^po-evos "yovov (G. 180, 1,N. 2): Leonidas hecame king in 491 B. o. — 
 dyjt, i. e. in marriage. — tovs KaTeo-TecSras, the establisJicd number of 300, 
 this being the regular body-guard of a Spartan king ; Leonidas, however, 
 knowing the desperate nature of the present undertaking, instead of taking 
 youths, as usual, now took only those who had sons living, tliat no family 
 might become extinct. 
 
 o 
 
 22. Kanryop-qTo, impersonal (G. 134, N. 2), it had been charged against 
 them, jjLTjSi^eiv being the subject. — ctre <ru}i7r€ fxv}/ovo-i : the future optative 
 might be used (G. 243). — dXXo<})pov€'ovT€s, reluctantly, or leaning to the 
 other side. 
 
 23. Ivo. . . . oTpareticovTai (G. 216, 2) ; subj. on the principle of indi- 
 rect discourse. — fJtilSe, a.nd not, sc. tCva : and that these too might not join 
 the Persians in case they should learn, d'c. (G. 248). — vTrepPaXXofic'vovs, 
 backicard, putting off. — Kcbveia, the same festival vvhich kept the Spar- 
 tans from Marathon : see note ou I. § 8. — oprdo-ayTts, after keeping t/ie 
 festival. 
 
128 HERODOTUS. 
 
 ^ 
 Page 144. — IvevcovTO (v. voiia). — ws Se Kal . . . Kal avTol Irspa toi- 
 avra, pleonastic. — (rv\nrtarov(ra (like an adjective with ^v), coincideoU: 
 the 01yni})ic festival occurred every fourth year on the first full moon 
 after the summer solstice, about a month before the Spartan Cameia, 
 
 24. IXOoOcrt (G. 138, N. 8). — •jrepio-'irtpxgdvTcov, being tnuch incensed: 
 the word is very doubtful, and most ])robably a mistake for ircpicrTrcpx^Oev- 
 T«v (see Liddell and Scott). — dXs^ao-dai depends on oXC-ytov, too few. 
 
 25. oKocroi . . . TToUoiev (G. 243) : the direct questions would be irdo-oi 
 €l<rCv; and Ti T70ioi;(riv ; — roiis T|"y€p,dvas (G. 160, 1), hy anticipation, in- 
 stead of being subject of eiTjO-av. — 'HpaKXei8T]s : see above, § 20. — irdv 
 jicv ov, not the whole, in antithesis to 6 8e tovs ^|co. — aXo-ytils . • . ttoXXtjs, 
 i. 6. very little, notice loas taken of him. — o-n-wirte (v. opdw). 
 
 Page 14:5. — 26. dXXoL . . . ^dp, hut . . . since. — Ai][JLdpT]Tov : Dema* 
 ratiis was king of Sparta in the younger or Proclid line, but was declared 
 illegitimate and succeeded on the throne (491 b. c.) by the next heir, Leo- 
 tychides ; soon after which he left his country to join the Persians. He 
 proved the most sagacious counsellor of Xerxes, but was almost always 
 overruled by the jealousy of the Persian court-officers. — "yeXwrd (xe ?0ev, 
 you made fun of me. — oc^oiv ^i->{\.<rr6s eo-ri, it is my utmost endeavor. 
 
 27. vd|xos, (here) custom. — ovt« 'ixmv, of this nature. — too-ovtoi, so 
 few. — XPO'''"^^''' {^- 269). 
 
 28. irapclfiKe (v. TrapeliTjp.t), let pass. — (}>€pd[xcvoi, imjMuously. — 
 lirea-TJio-av, cctme u}) to succeed them (Itti-). — Kaiirep (G. 277, n. 1 h). 
 
 Page 146. — ttoXXoI jx€v dvOpwrroi, oXi-yoi 8* &v^pis, many people, but 
 few men. 
 
 29. rpTix/cos irepieiTrovTO, 7cere rotighly handled: ircpiciTeiv = to folloio 
 round, to tend, to treat, d'C. — lK8e|dfi.€voi, succeeding : see note on § 2, 
 above. — dOavdrovs, Immortals : this body of 10,000 picked Persians were 
 so called because the vacancies in their ranks were immediately filled, so 
 that the number always remained the same (Hdt. VII. So). — Karep^ao-d- 
 |X€voi, sc. TOvs"EXXT]vas. — ov8ev irXe'ov l^ipovro, gained no more: see be- 
 low, § 32, |X€"ya ti o'i'o-€o-0ai. 
 
 30. dXXa Tc . . . KaC, showing, both in other ways, and especially [in 
 this]. — €|€7ria-Td|X€voi, used (like an infinitive) with diroSeiKyvfievoi, show- 
 ing that they thoroughly {k^-) understood how to fight, cC-c. (G. 2S0). — 8k«s 
 €VTp€\|f€iav (G. 233). — <j)ev7€(rKov (G. 119, 10). — 8fi9€v implies that the 
 flight was a pretence. — dv belongs to {nr€'G-Tpe4>ov in the iterative con- 
 struction (G. 206), not in apodosis. — KaTaXa[JLJ3avdp.£voi, iclien they wer^ 
 overtaken (in their pretended flight), — clvai (G. 265). — ISuvearo (G. 126, 
 5 ; 119, 3), imperfect for eSvvavro. 
 
 31. dvaSpafAttv, lea-pt. "With the grave Orientals, nothing could so 
 completely indicate an all-engrossing feeling of fear or horror as a gesture 
 of this kind." Blakesley. — KaTaT€Tp«(jLaTio-6ai, indirect discourse with 
 
HEUODOrUS. 129 
 
 i<r€<rQai after eXirCo-avros. — t^v drpaTrov, the secret pafJi mentioned abovo 
 in § 1. — evwpwv (v. cvopdw). 
 
 Page 147, --32. 6 n . . . irpi^i^fxaTi (O. 244 ; 188, 1, n. 2). — 8i€- 
 4>0€ip£, brought destruction vpon. — IluXa^opwv, a portion of the delegates 
 to the ATiiphictyonic council were so called. The meeting of the council 
 wa.s called IlvXaia from IliiXai (see note on § IG, above), even when it 
 met at Delphi. 
 
 33. XlvXa-yopoi : there is also a form UuXa-yopai. — ttclvtws kov . . . 
 iruOdfievoL, having certninly gained the most accitratc knowledge. Many 
 Dames were current of persons said to have betrayed the pass to Xerxes ; 
 probably it may have been made known by more than one, in a region wliero 
 many favored the invasion, and many iruDre were in terror of the invader. 
 
 — TovTO 8€, and secondly. — el . . . a>p,tXT]Ka)s cI't], if he, should have lutd 
 much to do ivith the region, i. e. as a consequence of having luid much to do 
 with it (G. 202, 2) : for the force of the rare perfect optative, see Greelc 
 Moods and Tenses, § 18, 1, with Note. 
 
 34. -fipeo-e (v. dp cVkco). — twv eo-TpaTT^'yK (see note on § 20). — copp-earo 
 (G. 119, 3), for wppr|VTO. — irepl Xux.vwv d4>ds, about lamplight. 
 
 Page 148. — t6t€ (see note on § 3, above). — iv o-kcttt) tov iroXep-ou, 
 sheltered from the loar (G. 167, 3). — €K . . . xp'HfT'q, at so remote a jjcriod 
 (see G. 191, N. 6) had it (the path) been shoicii by tlic Malians (G. 188, 3) 
 to be a pernicious thing : ovZlv yjp-r\(Trr\ (commonly ovSev xp-qo-ipos), of no 
 good, is a euphemism for bad : these words are sometimes understood to refer 
 to the pass of Thermopylae itself (eo-poXi^v), and to mean that tlie Malians 
 had so long ago shown the jmss to be useless. 
 
 35. MeXdnirvYov : this was an epithet of Hercules, implying manli- 
 ness and strength. — KepKWTrwv : these Cercopes were droll, mischievous 
 dwarfs, who appear often in the stories of Hercules, sometimes amusing and 
 sometimes tormenting the hero. In the local legend of Thermopylae, they 
 appear as footpads lurking about the pass (hence their seats, ?8pas, at the 
 narrowest place), wdiere they steal the arms of Hercules while he is sleep- 
 ing. Hercules seizes two of them and ties them to a pole, which he throws 
 over his shoulders and walks away with them. They have been warned by 
 their mother to beware of the McXapirvyos ; and on seeing this character- 
 istic of Hercules as they are swinging behind him, they make such sport 
 of him that finally he too begins to laugh at their jokes and releases them. 
 A bas-relief taken from a temple at Selinus in Sicily represents Herrules 
 carrying the two Cercopes on his shoulders. The stone called MeXdpiru-yos 
 probably had some imnglnary resemblance to the sleeping Hercules. 
 
 36. TO, Olraitiiv : the mountain (usually called Callidromus) over which 
 the path led forms a part of the Thessalian range of Oeta : the words iy 
 8£|iT] refer to the march southward and eastward after crossing the Asopus. 
 
 — pv6p,evoi, keeping guard (as protectors). — 4>povp€ovTes, guarding (as 
 sentinels). — t| Karw eo-poXri (G. 141, N. 3), i. e. Thermopylae itself. — 
 im-o8€|d|JLevoi, having pledged themselves (or given a promise) to Leonidas. 
 
130 HERODOTUS. 
 
 ^ 
 
 37. dvaPeSrjKOTas (G. 280). — wSe, as follovs, belongs to 'i^iaQov. — 
 iveSvvov . . . €v8uo;x€'vcvs (G. 199, K. 1) : as they were putting on their 
 own armor, the middle is more exact. — oL j3dppapct is subject of cYe'vovTO. 
 
 — 4)av-rja-€(rOai (G. 203, N. 2). 
 
 38. p.'j . . . ^(U)o-t, lest tJicy might prove to he (G. 218 ; 21G, 2). 
 
 Page 149. — 4)ev(YovT€s (G. 279, 4, n.). — OipX'h^, originalhj, i. e. on 
 purpose to attack them. — irapea-KevdSaro (G. 108, 4, I.). — ot 8c' refers to 
 Ils'po-ai, the subject of the j)receding clause : this is not an Attic usage 
 (G. 143, 1). 
 
 39. TiOL (G. 55, N. 1). — cTT^, besides (G. 191, N. 2). — oStol, the diviner 
 and the deserters. — oiSk ^wv, forbade. 
 
 40. ovK ^x^tv (G. 203, N. 1), depends on Xiyertxi, "hy a change of con- 
 struction (G. 260, 2, N. 1). — opx^iv : see § 38, above ; 6j^xi\v may often 
 be translated at all, like Latin omnino. — ttj yviii\i.v^ TrXelo-Tos eljit, I am 
 most strongly inclined to the opinion: so ttoXtjs cIjai (see Liddell and Scott). 
 
 — KeXcvo-ai (G. 203) depends on the phrase rfj 7vw[xt| irXtio-Tos €l|xl. — 
 avTjS, intensive. — ^X^i-v (G. 203, N. 1). — IXeiireTO, awaited. — ovk €|r,X€t- 
 <f)eTo, remained undiminished. 
 
 41. 76y€cr0ai . . . aTroXe'crOai : we should expect these to be in the future, 
 on the principle of indirect discourse (G. 203) ; but verbs signifying to give 
 an oracle are exceptional, probably because they imply a command. (See 
 Greek Moods and Tenses, § 23, 1, n. 2). — " The notion which gave rise to 
 this oracle seems to be the one, that in a dire extremity the anger of the 
 deity was only to be propitiated by a most costly offering." Blakesley. 
 It was related that Leonidas, before he left Sparta, gave instructions to his 
 wife Gorgo for her conduct in widowhood ; and that "funeral games were 
 performed, as over him, in his presence." 
 
 Page 150. — (2.) n€p<rei8?]cri, descendants of Perseus : Herod. (VII. 61) 
 says that the Persians received their name from Perses, son of the Greek 
 hero Perseus ; a mere device to unite the two similar names. — (3.) to |ji^v 
 ovkI . . . hi J not this, but, (Lc. — (4.) o§pos (— Spos, boundary), Sjmrta's 
 hounds. — (5.) tov (G. 140), him, i. e. the invading Persian. — (7.) ?t€- 
 pov, 07ie or the other. — 8ia-8do-rjTat (v. 8aT€0(xai or 8aiofj.ai). — diroire'p.vl/ai 
 and ol'xe(r9aL depend on rfj YvcGjii] irXeta-rds €l[J-i in § 40, being i)artly a 
 repetition of KcXsOo-ai, &c. in that passage. All from (jlevovti 84 (§ 40) 
 through the oracle is a sort of parenthesis. 
 
 42. rd dv£Ka66v, by descent. — ovk direXeCircTO, remained not behind, 
 1. e. did not scjx'rate himself from, the army. Kriiger. 
 
 ,43. 0T]Paiot dcKovTcs : as unwilling hostages, they could have been of 
 little service ; it is probable tliat this is the representation made afterwards 
 by the Thebans, to reconcile themselves with the Persian conqueror. (See 
 §55.) Their politics were at this time "essentially double-faced and || 
 equivocal." Grote. A later orator, confounding Thespians and Plataeans, ;T 
 says of the latter, that one half the adult citizens perished in the pass, '' 
 
HERODOTUS. 131 
 
 and the remainder fought in the A thenian fleet at Artemisinm and Salamis. 
 — ouK '4(^c.<rav, said that they would not, <L'C. — diroXnrbvTts {(}. 138, N, 8). 
 
 44. €s cYopfis . . . 'ir\i]Qu)pj]v, until about fall-inarkcl time, \. e. the last 
 part of the t'oreiioon, before jxe(n]}i,ppia. 
 
 Page 151. — Xwpos, here = space to be passed over. — rh ji^v yap 
 ^<J)vXdo-(r€To refers to the fight of tlie two preceding days. 
 
 45. TToWoi refers to the Persians : but the subject changes suihlenly at 
 &T€ ■ydp. — Tov d,7roX\vjX6vov, the dying. — pt6|XT]s Hcrov ilxov ^iyitrrov, 
 their utmost strength ; hke «s jie-yio-xov expanded into (is (ur 6(rov) t8v- 
 vuvTo fie'-yiCT-Tov. — irapaxpe ^V^^^*- i^^- "^^^^ o-wfxatriv), making their lives 
 of no value. — dreovTes, reckless. — Karvi\yoTa. (v. KaT-d'yvvjiL). — ol 8e, 
 referring to tois irXe'oo-i, not Attic (see note on § 38, above). 
 
 46. Y^op-^vos, having proved himself (not having been). — rd ovvoiiara : 
 the names of the 300 couhl still be read on a column in Sparta in the time 
 of Pausanius, 600 years afterwards. — oIkov, his estate. — ws covo-tjs gives 
 the reason of Artanes liimself. 
 
 Page 152. — tovtov vire^eipvo-av, rescued his body. The bones of 
 Leonidas were carried to Sparta forty years later, according to Pausanias ; 
 when the column just mentioned was erected. — tovto (rvv€(mi^K€€, this 
 kind of battle contimied. 
 
 48. irX-fiv ©TqPaiwv : see below, § 55. — Xe'wv, with reference to the 
 name A€«vi8t]s. — toio-l . . . irepicoOerai, such of them, as hajjpened still to 
 have them (p-dxaipai) left. — Kal x^po"^ ^al o-TOfiao-i, as Ave say "tooth and 
 nail," but of course with no comic idea. — e'^ €vavTiT]s, in jfront. — irepi- 
 trraSov (adv. from stem of ircpiio-TTijii), so as to surround them. 
 
 49. irplv •$] (G. 274, x. ). — too-oOto . . . ctvai depends on 'i^r\ implied 
 in what precedes. — tov hi, but lie, irregularly inserted, as if the sentence 
 had not been introduced by the relative tov, to which iru0dp.€vov belongs. 
 — a>s dY^e'XXot depends on the past tense eliretv (G. 203 ; 201, N. 2). — cl 
 . . . 2o-oiTO represents el ?o-Tat in the direct form (G. 221, n.), if it was to 
 he (not if it slwuld be). 
 
 51. avTou Tavrfj ttj ircp ^irso-ov, there (i. e. at Thermopylae), on the spot 
 where they fell. — a-^L refers to the Spartans and Thespians. — T-pdrepov 
 4^ . . . ol'X€o-9ai, like irplv ■}] in § 49 : the subject of otx^trGai is tous o-vp,- 
 Hdxo^s understood, which is also implied (in the genitive) after tols irpd- 
 Tcpov TgXevT'^crao-i. — ciriYeYpairTai. : this verb ajiplies especially to in- 
 scriptions, properly called eTrt'ypdfxjiaTa (see below, after the inscriptions). 
 
 Page 153. — IleXoirovvdo-ou : the Doric form, with d for t] (G. 30, 1). 
 
 In the preceding verse, TaSe and TpidKoo-tais are sometimes substituted (on 
 conjecture) for the Ionic forms of the 3ISS., Avhich can hardly be correct. — 
 XiXidSes T€Top€s: the number who fought (ep.dxovTo), altliough Herodotus 
 elsewhere speaks as if 4,000 fell (VIII. 25). The inscription refers only to 
 those from Peloponnesus, who (according to § 18) amounted to 3,100. But 
 
132 HERODOTUS. 
 
 later writers speak of 700 or 1,000 Lacedaemonians besides the 300 Spartans-, 
 and these must be iududed, although Herodotus makes no mention of 
 them. The whole question of the numbers at Thermopylae is much dis- 
 puted. The stern simplicity of the second inscription has made it 
 especially famous. — 6.y>{ik\i.\.v is used for the imperative (G. 269). — In 
 the third inscription, McYioTid is Doric genitive (G. 39) ; and ovk ^tXt] 
 = scorned (Rawlinson). — i^(a ^, except. — 2i.|jlwvi8t]s : Simonides, the great 
 lyric poet of Ceos, was often considered the author of all three epigrams. 
 His still more famous ode on the heroes of Thermopylae (or perhaps only a 
 fragment) is preserved by Diodorus : — 
 
 TcDv kv Qepfj^oTuXuLS davbvrwv 
 
 €VKXeT}i fxev a tijxO', KoXbs 5* 6 ttot^-oj, 
 
 /Sw/ios 8' 6 Td(pos, wpb yowv 8^ fivdaris, 6 5' oIktos ^iraipos. 
 
 'EvTd(pLov 8e TOLodrov ovt cvpws 
 
 Olid' 6 irauSafxarcop dfiavpujaei. xpovos, dv8pQ)v dyadQv. 
 
 'O 5^ aaKos olKerav evSo^ictu 
 
 EXXdSos eiXero ' fiaprvpel 8i Aecovidas 
 
 6 "SiirdpTas ^aaiXeds, dperds ix^av XeXotTTwj 
 
 Kbaiiov divabv re kX^os. 
 
 ** Of those who at Thermopylae were slain, 
 Glorious the doom, and beautiful the lot ; 
 Their tomb an altar : men from tears refrain, 
 To honor them ; and praise, but mourn them not. 
 Such sepulchre nor drear decay 
 
 Nor all-destroying time shall waste ; this right have they. 
 Within their grave the home-bred glory 
 Of Greece was laid ; this witness gives 
 Leonidas the Spartan, in whose story 
 A wreath of famous virtue ever lives." 
 
 Translated hy Sterling. 
 
 52. irapcov = irapov (G. 278, 2), — }i.€[i€Ti|X€vot (see |icOiT]p.i in Cat. of 
 Verbs). — ovk cOeXfjo-ai depends on Xe'-ycTai in the first line. — tov €^ft>Ta, 
 
 his Helot servant : each Spartan soldier was entitled to be accompanied by 
 seven Helots, and probably many of these fell in the first battles at Ther- 
 mopylae, uumentioned by the historian (see, however, VIII. 25). — Xeiiro- 
 ^\iovTa., (here) faint-liearted. 
 
 53. €1 . . . -^v, if it had been the case. — ko|jli8^v, returti : see ko^lC- 
 
 Page 154. — irpoa-Qia-Qai &v (= irpoop^OcTO dv) depends on XlYenu 
 in § 62. — irpo<j>d(n.os (G. 171, 1). 
 
 I 
 
HERODOTUS. 133 
 
 54. i\rC\uaTo, he was disgraced, as the perft;ct r]rC\ib)ra\, niP.ins hf is dis- 
 graced. — Iv n\aTaif]<ri, i. e. at Plataea, in the tullowiug year (47y B. c). 
 — dvcXa^c, Jie made up for. — i-mvuxBtltrav (v. iiri^ipu). 
 
 55. «s . . . |JLT]8i5ovcrt . . . diriKOiaTo (G. 243). 
 
 Page 155. — 56. -irXcvvas = irX^ovas. — <rx6vTa . . . nXarai^wv : this 
 attack of the Tliebans on Plataea was the first hostile act committed in the 
 Peloponnesian War (431 b. c). 
 
 57. tt) dXt]0€iT|, truthfulness. — tols 8i€|68ous, ^Hlie ins and oiits." — 
 ola PacriXeus "ycvonevos, since you were once tlieir king. (See note on § 26, 
 above.) The counsel of Demaratus (here omitted) was that Xerxes should 
 occui>y with part of his fleet the island of Cythei-a, off the south coast of 
 Laconia, which M'ould draw off the Spartans from tlie defence of the Isth- 
 mus, and put all Greece in his power. This wise counsel was overruled by 
 the Persian Achaemenes. It was followed afterwards by the Athenians, 
 in the Peloponnesian War. 
 
 58. diroTajiovTas, sc. nvas. — 8f]Xa . . . -ycYOvc (G. 135, 2). — Tutv 
 (= »v) . . . dv0p«irwv (G. 154, Note). 
 
 IV. 
 
 Page 156. — 1. vavriKov (rrpaTov : the return of the Greek fleet from 
 the Euripus to its position at Artemisium has been mentioned in III. § 11. 
 After describing the battle of Thermopylae in the Seventh Book, Herodotus 
 begins the Eighth Book with the sea-fight at Artemisium, which took place 
 on the same three days with the battles at Thermopylae (see below, § 15). 
 — nXaraicfS : see I. §§ 11-13. — irevriiKovTcpous : these were vessels of 
 the older style Avith fifty oars, all in one row ; while the triremes, the more 
 modern ships of war with three banks of oars, were specially called vrjcs, 
 sometimes vfjes fJiaKpai. 
 
 2. Iir' 'ApTCfiio-Lcv (G. 191, N. 6). — f,"y€nov€UT], he commander-in-chief. 
 
 3. €S 2iK€XiT]v : see II. § 39. — el o-racrido-ovo-i, a>s diroXe'cTai (G. 223, 
 N. 1 ; 247). — Too-ovTtp . . . go-w (G. 188, 2). 
 
 Page 157* — p-^XP'' • • • ^Scovto, so long as they (the Athenians) xcerc in 
 extreme need of them (the Peloponnesian allies) : p.^xpi 8(rov here = 8(rov 
 Xpovov. The desertion of these allies, all of whom acknowledged the head- 
 ship of Sparta, would have "withdrawn 113 ships. — Trcpl rfis kKilvov, i. e. 
 to liberate the Greeks in Asia Minor and the islands : this refers to the be- 
 ginning of the Confederacy of Delos (about 477 b. c. ). See notes, p. 31. 
 
 4. *A<|>€Tds : see III. § 12, above. — irapd 8d|av . . . i^ «s KareSoKcov, 
 pleonastic for otherwise than as they expected, irapd 8d|av being more em- 
 phatic than the simple Irepus. — 8pTi(r|idv, a retreat, which would have 
 betrayed the force at Thermopylae to destruction, besides leaving Euboea 
 
134 HERODOTUS. 
 
 unprotected against the Persian fleet. — Trpoir-fieivat . . . yoovov, to wait a 
 little lonyer. — ©ejiio-TOKXea : Herodotus is writin;,' after Tlieinistocles had 
 died in exile, when even his disinterested. acts were liable to be suspected 
 of corruption. But whatever we may think of his personal motives, we 
 may easily believe that he used money furnished by the richer Euboeans in 
 the way described in § 5. — iir' ta . . . TrotTJcrovTai (G. 236, N. 2 and 3). 
 
 5. €iri(r\€iv (G, 265). — ■}]o-7raip€, struggled, i. e. resisted. — aTroXiTovTi 
 represents el diroXiirois, as protasis to iT£'|x\j/ei€ &v (G. 226, 1). — fjirio-TeaTO, 
 
 imperfect, supi^osed (G. 126, 5 ; 119, 3): cf. ISwearo above, III. § 30. 
 
 Page 158. — 6. e'i kws ^Xoiev (G. 226, 4, N. 1), in case they should capture 
 them, i. e. to capture them if they could. — KaraXdpoi, should close in almit 
 them (and save them), — an unusual meaning. — Kal '^jxeXXov SfjOev . . . 
 iT6pLY€V€o-0ai, and they were likely {as the Persians thought, Sr^Gey) to make their 
 escape (i. e. if their flight was not hindered) ; whereas (Se), according to their 
 (the Persians') talk, not even a torch-hearer ivas to come off alive. The torch- 
 bearer in an army or fleet kept alive the sacred iire which was brought 
 from home, and his person was held sacred. His fall, therefore, im])lied 
 the utter annihilation of the Avhole army- It was a conmion saying that 
 "]iot even a torch-bearer escaped" {ovh\ iruptjxjpos IX6i(j>0T]), imj^lying 
 litter destruction. 
 
 7. irpbs Tavra wv : this corresponds to Ik ficv tt]s olvtit^s in § 6, taking 
 the jjlace of a clause with hi. — ws &v (G. 216, 1, n, 2). — oi (xe'v, i. e. 
 those who sailed round Euboea ; (r<j)€is Se, and they, i. e. the main force ; 
 both in apposition with the subject of irepiXdpotcv. — c| evavriT]?, in front, 
 like CK TT]s dvTLTjS in § 6. — rds raxGetcras, i. e. the two hundred. 
 
 8. avTos irepisPdXeTO, gof for himself — dXX' ou "ydp ol irape'a^e ws tot€, 
 htit [had not done so], for he had never had [such] an opportunity as then. — 
 2ti, at length. 
 
 Page 159* — Is o-yScuKovTa : a swim of about nine miles! This is 
 matched by another later story, that, during the storm at Sepias, the same 
 man with the help of his daughter (also a diver) destroyed many Persian 
 ships by diving doAvn and loosening their anchors. 
 
 9. d-TToSeSexOw, v. dTroS£tKvu(xi (G. 202, 2, N. 1). — ws "yevoiTO, that it 
 had taken place (G. 243). 
 
 10. iTreveiKavres, ascribing or imputing. — K(iroii)povr\(ravTes TavT<x,i 
 rpsolved on this; KaTa<j>pov£iv has this rare sense only in Ionic Greek. — Is 
 fieVov implies that they hoped to get the Greeks into the circle which they; 
 were about to make. — liricrTdixcvoi, feeling sure. — dirovoo-T'^icrei, would re- 
 turn safe. — i]So|xe'voiori fjv (G. 184, 3, n. 6). — Skcos . . . Xdjixj/CTai depends 
 on the idea of striving in djxiXXav IttoicCvto (G. 217). 
 
 Page 160* — 11. a>s Io-tIiijli^vc, when the signal was given (G. 134, N. 1, d) 
 — Is tJ) p,co-ov : the sterns were brought together as the prows were turnet 
 toward the enemy on every side. — 'ipyov ^Xxovro, held to the work. — Kari 
 
HERODOTUS. I'^j 
 
 /rr6\ia, heal- to beak. — SaXafiivfwv : the Salaniis in Cyprus is meant ; but 
 €V iIa\ajj,LVi below refers to the island near Athens. 
 
 12. [leVov 0€'pos, inidsummer : rr\s uipiis is partitive genitive. Tlic b.itflcs 
 of Theruiopylae and Arteniisiuin took place in July, 480 n. c. — KaTicrxta- 
 TO, imperfect, = KaOJo-ravTO. — cXiru'^ovres, (tpprehending. — 4s ola = 8ti 
 €S TOkavra, causal relative (G. 238). — pev|JtaTa lo-xvpd, stuullen torrents. 
 
 Page 161. — 13. Skws dv (G. 216, 1, x. 2). - ra KotXo, the IIoHou:$ 
 of Euboea are probably on the southwest side, opposite Attica. 
 
 14. cirePciGeov, came as reinforcement : these 53 ships, added to tho.se 
 mentioned in § 1, raised the Athenian fleet to the full number of 200. — 
 T^v avT^v wpTiv, Me same time of day (see § 9, above). 
 
 15. <r<f)i \v|iaLVc<r0ai, shoa/d harass them (G. 184, 2). — rb arrb H*'p^€», 
 what Xerxes mi(/ht do. — ol \i.(v refers to the Greeks both at Therniopylao 
 and at Arteniisium ; ot Be to the Persians at both places : irdpov refers to 
 the passage by sea and that by land. — okws KpaTTjcrova-i (G. 217, N. 2). 
 
 Page 162. — 16. irapairX'^o-ioi, equalli/ matched, not in numbers, but 
 as is explained in the next sentence. — avxbs vtt' ewurov ^irnrTc : a Corin- 
 thian speaker in Thucyd. I. 69 speaks of the annaraent of Xerxes as avrbv 
 TTtpl aviTu <r<J>a\6VTa. — Tpdireo-Gai (Ionic present passive), in apposition 
 with xpT]}xa. 
 
 17. TraXT|<r€i€, should suffer: cf. ^v rt KaTaXa|x(3dvTj (G. 248). — <ry\- 
 jjiaiysiv depends on Trpoo-€T€TaKTO and also on ctoljxov. — cs dvaPoXds, ivith 
 delay. The fleet had suffered so severely in the engagements, — half of 
 the Athenian ships being disabled, — that it had already determined to 
 withilraw ; and, by advice of Themistocles, the Greeks were slaughtering 
 the cattle of the Euboeans for their own supplies. 
 
 18. irepl rd iroTLfia tiSara, i. e. on the northern shore of Euboea, where 
 the Persians would land for drinking-water. — lirl tovs irarcpas ; Atti<a 
 was called the parent city of the Tonians in Asia Minor. — [idXicrra p.€v, 
 best of all. — ex tov (ie'orov tijxiv ^^€cr0e (G. 184, 3, N. 6), i. e. be neutral. 
 
 Page 163. - Kai avrot, opposed to twv Kapwv. — i?i ^X^P'H • • • y^yovi : 
 i. e. in the assistance given by Athens in the Ionic revolt. — pacrtXe'a, ob- 
 ject of XaGovTtt. — €7r€tT€ dvevei-xGf] : Herodotus occasionally omits &v in 
 this construction, contrary to the usage in Attic prose (G. 234 ; 223, N. 2). 
 — SiapX-qOf] (sc. rd "Ypd}X(jtttTa), should be misrepresented (G. 248, N.). 
 
 In the interval which follows, Xerxes is said to have brought the soldiera 
 of his fleet to Thermopylae, that they might view the Grecian dead, — con- 
 cealing the trenches where 20,000 of his own dead lay buried, — "tnily a 
 laughable device," says Herodotus, "which deceived nobody ; on one side 
 a thousand men lying about the field [as if these were all the Persians had 
 lost], and on the other four thousand crowded together into one spot." He 
 is also related to have asked of some Arcadian deserters what the Greeks 
 were doing. "Holding the Olympic games," was the reply, and "seeing 
 
136 HERODOTUS. 
 
 wrestling and chariot-races." **And for what prize?" lie asked. "An 
 olive-wreath to the winner," Upon which a Persian officer exclaimed, 
 "What men are these against whom we are brought out to fight? — men 
 who contend with one another for honor, and not for gain ! " At this time, 
 too, the Thessalians (who had an old border-feud with the Phocians) sent 
 a messenger into Phocis, offering, for a ransom of fifty talents, to save the 
 district from being ravaged by the Persians : to which the Phocians replied, 
 that they were free as the Thessalians to make friends with the Medes, if 
 they chose ; but they would never of their own will be traitors to the lib- 
 erties of Greece. This heroic answer greatly endeared them in later times 
 to the Athenians ; but the opinion of Herodotus was, that their ancient 
 hate would have led them to choose the side opposite to the Thessalians, 
 whichever that had been. 
 
 19. €s T'fjv AtoptSa : it is strange that Herodotus represents the whole 
 army of Xerxes as marching into Boeotia by the road which leads through 
 Doris and Central Phocis by the valley of the Cephissus, — a road which, 
 by crossing a mountain ridge, avoided the pass of Thermopylae altogether. 
 Stein remarks, that probably a part of the army at least passed through 
 Thermopylae and took the upper road, which appears from the names of 
 towns on that route which were burned by the Persians. This road also 
 would be the only one practicable for the cavalry. — iroSccov, footlet or spur 
 (see Lexicon). — -fj irep refers to Doris. — ix'qTpdiroXis, i. e. the starting- 
 place of the Dorian emigration : the earlier home of the race was in Thes- 
 saly. — ovK €8oK€6, i. e. the Thessalians advised against it. 
 
 20. r\ Kopv^)"/!, the name Tithorea was given to one of the summits in the 
 mass of mountains called Parnassus : the place here mentioned was proba- 
 bly a natural fortress described by Plutarch (Sull. 15), below the highest 
 peak of Tithorea ; the present Velitza. — Kara NeWa, at (or above) Neon. 
 — K€i|X€VTi iir ktavrris, lying by itself, i. e. a solitary peak. — dvT]V€iKavTo, 
 understand their possessions. 
 
 21. napairoTafJLious, " Riverside," a town and people of the same name 
 on the Cephissus. ' 
 
 Page 164. — tcLs 8^ iroXis . . . ?{r«^ov, were protecting their cities, i. e. 
 when the Persians entered Boeotia. 
 
 23. €1't€ . . . KaTopv|ft)<ri, (G. 244) : the direct question being KaTopt)|c»»- 
 |JL€V ; shall we bury them ? (G. 256). — avros before ctvai is adjective (G. 138, 
 i^, 8). — irepL (G. 191, N. 4). — irepTiv, i. e. across the Gulf of Corinth. — 
 KcopvKiov dvTpov, the Corycian cave, sacred to Pan and the nymphs, was 
 high above Delphi, in the side of one of the heights of Parnassus. It is 
 described as about 300 feet deep, 40 feet high, and abounding in stalac- 
 tites. 
 
 Page 165. — 24. airwpcov, were in sight of. — IIpovTjtTis, a title of the 
 Delphian Athena (Attic Ilpovafa), who was so called because her temple 
 stood on the way leading to the great temple of Apollo, being thus before 
 
 ^ 
 
HEliODOTUS. 137 
 
 the temple (irpb vaov). — Sict irdvrcDV, above all: Sii has occasionally (in 
 
 Herodotus as in the poets, not in Attic writers) a iiieauing ol" prteinintnce, 
 of going through or hegond. 
 
 25. 8vo Kopv^di (G. 138, N. 6), great masses of rock detached from the 
 moimtain and thrown down, probably, by the defenders : many such frag- 
 ments are now to be seen in the pass. — I0i) BoKarCtv (G. 182, 2). — H^t^" 
 vas ^ Kara dvGpwirwv <^ia-iv, qfviore than hiunan slat art' : ^yovras cannot be 
 correct here unless there is some error in the preceding words. 
 
 26. TOWS and Svo belong to -fjptoas. — rfjs KaorToXt-qs, the famous foun- 
 tain of Castalia, which Hows from the cleft between the two lofty peaks, 
 the ^aiSpidScs, which overhang Deljdu. One of these peaks was called 
 Hyarapeia. These two peaks above Delphi have caused the idea that the 
 chief peak of Parnassus, Lycoreia, has a double crest. 
 
 Page 166. — 27. to iroiiiTeov = 8 iroiiiTcov, as indirect question. — 
 lirl Toto-t KaTT|Kov(ri (v. Ka0-ifiKa)) irpTJ-yfiao-L, on the circumstances that had 
 arisen (or come in), like the Attic to. KaGcorTwra. — tc5v . . ovSe'v, nothing of 
 the kind. — ol Se, the Athenians : see note on III. § 38, above. — diricvat 
 (v. d<|)iT]fii) depends irregularly on cirwBdvovTO, which takes the participle 
 TdX^'ovTas regularly (G. 280). 
 
 28. *A0T]vaitJv tt) tis SvvaTat <ru^€iv, for 'A0T]vaLwv Tivd ttj (= r\) 8ij- 
 l/aTai tru^tiv. — Is Tpoi^Tjva : Troezen, on the Argolic coast, was a sea- 
 faring place, sacred to Poseidon, and inhabited by an Ionic people kindred 
 to the Athenians. It deserves to be remembered to the honor of the Troe- 
 zenians, that they received the Athenian exiles "with eager good-will," 
 and "passed a vote that they should be maintained at the public charge 
 by a daily payment of two obols to every one, and leave be given to tlie 
 children to gather fruit where they pleased, and schoolmasters paid to in- 
 struct them." (Plutarch, Them. 10.) — tw xp"n<mip£o), that with reference 
 to the "wooden walls." — tv tw ipJi, in the temple of Athena Polias, which 
 formed part of the Erechtheum on the Acropolis of Athens. Here was pre- 
 served the olive-wood statue of the Goddess, which was believed to have 
 fallen from heaven, and which w^as decorated with the costly pepUis at the 
 great Panathenaic festival. — cos covti, i. e. to the serpent as actuallg exist- 
 ing, implying some doubt of his reality on the historian's part. — cTrinT|via, 
 monthly food-offerings. — «s . . . diroXeXonruii^s : it was a commoN ancient 
 belief, that a city could not be taken or destroyed unless first forsaken by 
 its divinity. Thus the Romans had a formula for summoning forth the 
 Gods of the cities they were about to attack ; while the true name of Rome 
 and that of its tutelar divinity w-ere said to be kejrt as a mystery, lest they 
 should become known to an enemy who might thus disarm the city of its 
 protector. (See Macrobius, Sat. III. 9.) 
 
 Page 167. — 30. irpoGe'vTos (for the more common Xo-yov irpoG^vros), 
 having given notice, the usual formula for opening a debate. — t«v ( = civ) 
 Xwpetov, by attraction for (Jkov xcopeojv tcov €YKpaT€€S elcrC, in which of the 
 places they were themselves masters of — ciriXe'YovTcs, as if 'iXv^ov or (hfV(ii<ray 
 
138 HERODOTUS. 
 
 had preceded. — tva, where. — irpbs Se tw 'I<r9fi(p, supply Idvres from the 
 clause with (xe'v. 
 
 31. tJKeiv, had (already) come (G. 200, N. 3) ; but irvpiroXe'eo-Gai (regular 
 present), was barniny: so wiili ijk£ and eSr^iov below. 
 
 Page 16S. — 32. Tpi<rl ixro-t : it was now September, b. c. 480, on the 
 20th of which the battle of iSalaniis was fought. — dpxovros, being Archon, 
 i. e. Eponymus for the year : see note on Xen. Hell. 2, III. 1. — to dla-rv, 
 the city proper, all within the circuit of the walls. — rap-ias, stewards, having 
 charge of the temple-treasures. 
 
 33. 'ApiQiov iraYov, the Areopagus, or Mars' Hill. — ^kws . . . &^&.ay 
 (G. 233). — IveSeKovTO, did they entertain them, i. e. the proposals of the 
 exiled family of Pisistratus. 
 
 34. €K Tuiv d-rropcov : diropa is used like diropiat. — ^ixTrpoo-Ge : the north 
 
 side of the Acropolis is still sometimes called the front ; the gateway and 
 the only entrance are on the west side. — ■f^Xiricrt has here so much force 
 of apprehension that it takes |jlt| and the optative like €<|)oPti0t] (G. 218) : 
 for i^XiTicre dv, see G. 226, 2. — ipbv . . . 'A-yXaupou : the Aglaurium, 
 a sanctuary which commemorated the place where Aglaurus, daughter of 
 Cecrops, was said to have thrown herself from the Acropolis. 
 
 Page 169. — irpbs rds irvXas, the gates of the temijle, in the precincts 
 of which they had ascended. 
 
 35. 'Aprapdvo) : an uncle of Xerxes, who had been left in chief authority 
 at the Persian capital, although he had attempted to dissuade Xerxes from 
 his expedition against Greece. 
 
 36. 'YT]'y€veos, born of the Earth: see II. II. 548, tc'kc %\ ^eiScapos dpovpa. 
 The temple of Erechtheus was one of the three temples united in the build- 
 ing commonly called the Erechtheum ; a second was the temple of Athena 
 Polias (see note on § 28, above) ; the third was the Pandroseum, which 
 contained the sacred olive-tree planted by Athena, and the salt spring 
 (9dXao-cra) made by the stroke of Poseidon's trident. These were i:)roofs 
 (jjLapTiipta) offered by the rival deities in their famous contest for the pos- 
 session of Athens, which was represented by Phidias in the group of statues 
 on the western pediment of the Parthenon. — 8orov t€, about, like ws with 
 words denoting number or size : the t€ is a poetic addition (not Attic) 
 allowed by Herodotus (G. 151, N. 4). 
 
 37. Kup<o9f)vai depends on ^fievov, Avhich sometimes takes the infinitive 
 in the sense of loaiting for something to be done. — irp^-yjJia, subject of dis- 
 cussion (see § 30, above). 
 
 Page 1^0. — Kal ol' (G. 151, n. 3). 
 
 38. irepi ovSejxifjs . . . vav|xaxT|<r€is, i. e. you will no longer have any coun- 
 try to fight for (for ov . . . oCSiai^s, see G. 283, 9). — p-T] oy (G. 283, 7). — 
 dva'yvwo-ai, to prevail upon : this meaning of dya-yi-yvwo-Kw is not found ill 
 Attic. 
 
 M 
 
HERODOTUS. 139 
 
 39. o~-|.i}jLi^ai, commuiiicare. — kavrov irowvjtevos, making (or rcprrs( nt- 
 ing) tliem us his own. 
 
 40- T«v €lv€K€v (relative), = totjtcov wv, &c. : tovtwv depentliii;,' on 
 Xo-yov. — TToXXds, frequent or urgent ; i. e. he had much to smj. — d7roXu<J- 
 |X€vo?, m his deftnce, sese purgans. — ol e^yKttToXeiTroiJLtvoi, they who do not 
 enter the lists. 
 
 F?«^e 171. — 41, dva^cv^-ps, break up, moi'e off; lit. yoke up, used ])rop- 
 erly of moving by hind. — dvaireTrTajx^vw, open (as a bird wiili its win;^ 
 spread), in contrast with the narrow waters at Salainis. — Is r6 (relative), 
 suppJy avaynv or some similar verb. — Papvre'pas (if correct) must nicun 
 heavier in movement, not larger. — or<j>€as, the Persians. — KivSuvevio-ets . . . 
 'EXX^St : compare KivSweiiittv ttj ^uxtJj iii ^^I- 27. 
 
 42, Toa-aBe, the following (G. 148, N. 1). — irpbs TjfJLtwv, ^br our advantage. 
 
 — €S TT|v (G. 191, N. 6). — Iv avToio-i (as above), i. e. in what I propose. 
 
 — (jievwv = •i^v |A€vr,s (G. 226, 1). 
 
 43, r-cpicovo-t : of. irept-ytvcTai in § 42. — Xoyiov refers to the oracle, 
 II. § 35. - -oiKora is object of PovXevop-evoio-i, and is also understood as 
 subject of e^e'Xei, which here is used like ({>iX€k = solet. — PovXevojuvoioru 
 before ouk ePe'Xei is dat. commodi, i. e. for their sake. 
 
 Page 1 y^r — irpocrxcope'eiv . . . 7vwp.as, conform (go over) to human ideas. 
 
 44, Tip [L-!} erri (G. 238) : jirj shows that there is a conditional as well 
 as a causal force in the relative clause. — l7ri;|/T]<j>{^€i,v dirgXi dvSpC, to put a 
 question to vote for (i. e. on the motion of) a maji without a country. — ovrta 
 <ru]JLj3dX>.€o-9aL, th-°.n (i. e. afer declaring his country) to join in pro})Osing 
 opinions. — Iwvtoict-, to himself and his fellow-citizens. — 'ia-T ixv, so long us : 
 the sul)junctive in the direct discourse depends on Icrrl (here changed to 
 €1't]), which has a future (as well as present) sense ; the idea being, we can 
 certainly be said to have *i country, so long as we have 200 ships to show. 
 
 45, €'Tr€(rTpa)JLji€va (v. l-n-icrTpc'^xu), pressing, emphatic. — cl p.€V6€is Kal 
 ^(rtai : the apodosis is suppressed, it icill be ivell. — to irdv . . . 4)€povo-t, 
 i. e. loith them rests the ivhole fortune of war. — o'lKCTas, (liere) our hous( holds. 
 
 — Stpiv, a town near Sybari? i'^ Southern Italy. — Kal . . . avTT|v, and 
 which (G. 156) : a relative is seldo>ii repeated in a new case, but a personal 
 or demonstrative takes its place. 
 
 46, SoKc'eiv, used absolutel}/ (O. 268). — n^ ... diroXiirwon (G, 218 •. 
 216, 2). — ovKe'ri belongs to d|id|iaxoc> — oi irepl SoXajiiva (G. 141, N, b): 
 dKpoPoXi(rdp.evoi, afer skirmishing. 
 
 Page 173. — AittKiSas : among th-> descendants of Aeacus were Pelea* 
 and his son Achilles. It is not to be supposed that the ship was sent fof 
 images of these heroes ; but it was beliere^ that ihey would come in per- 
 son, though unseen, to help the Greeks. 
 
 47, ATifiapTJTO) : see note on III, § 57, — Opiatrio) irrSi o, %etweou i^arne? 
 and Eleusis. — Srewv kotc dr\, indirect question, like 'c n elS (below). —■ 
 irpoKaxe (= irpoKa tc), suddenly, all at once. — Hk^ov, the soug sung bj* 
 
140 HERODOTUS. 
 
 the procession of the initiated ((ivo^ai or )i,e)jLVT](iEvoi) as they marched 
 along the Sacred Way from Athens to the temple at Eleusis at the annual 
 festival of Demeter : the name comes from the frequent recurrence of the 
 verse "laKx") w "laKxe, in which Dionysus (or Bacchus) was invoked un- 
 der the name of lacchus. 
 
 48. awTos belongs to the omitted subject of ctirai (see G. 138, N. 8): 
 2(J)T| is still understood. — €pT|p,ov eovo-tis, causal. — MT|Tpl Kal ttj Kovpr], 
 to Demeter {the Earth-mother or Ceres) and Core {the Daughter, Proserpine or 
 Persephone ; Koprj, Ionic Kovpr]). — [iveirai, is initiated: the term proba- 
 bly refers to the candidates for initiation having theii" eyes closed or cov- 
 ered. TT|V <}>covi^v (G, 159). 
 
 Page 174. — 49. oviS^ ets, ne unus quidem, more emphatic than the 
 simple ovScLS. — ck tov Kovtoprov, after the dust. — Iti SaXajiivos, towards 
 Salamis ; but lirl to o-TpaTdircSov, into the camp. — KaTairTonevos, calling to 
 witness ; properly used of clinging to the image of a God who is invoked. 
 
 50. O-T^o-diievoi : see note after § 18, above. — ^a.\i\pia, the old port of 
 Athens ; see map, and note on Xen. Hell. ii. 4, 11. 
 
 Herodotus now describes a discussion (here omitted), in which an im- 
 mediate attack on the Greek fleet at Salamis was urged by all the Persian 
 commanders except Artemisia, the queen of Halicarnassus. She advised 
 distracting the Greeks by threatening various parts of their coast with 
 attack. But her counsel seemed timid and slow, and was overi-uled by the 
 majority, whom Xerxes followed. Herodotus also remarks, that the army 
 and navy of Xerxes, when they reached Attica, were as numerous as they 
 had been before the storm at Sepias and the battles at Artemisium and 
 Thermopylae, the losses being made up by accessions from the Greeks. 
 This, however, may well be questioned. 
 
 The movement mentioned in the words Lvv\->{ov tcls v^as lirl r^v SaXa- 
 (itva, seems to have consisted in sailing across to some position southeast 
 of Salamis, from which an attack could be made the next day on the Athe- 
 nian fleet, which was lying in the Bay of Salamis (on the east side of the 
 island). — 8x1 .. . fteXXoiev (G. 250, n.). 
 
 51. CTTopcveTO, began its march. — <rv7Xw(ravT€S, having destroyed (dug 
 away) : the road along the shore from Megara to Corinth is here artificially 
 made on the steep side of the Scironian clifl" (SKipwviSes), and it is still 
 rendered impassable by an ordinary rain-storm. This is the place at which 
 the robber Sciron kicked travellers into the sea, until he was himself served 
 in the same way by Theseus, (He has resumed his old business in later 
 years, and a new Theseus is sadly needed there. ) 
 
 Page lYd. — (|>op|iol xj/dp-fJiov irX'/jpccs, gabions. 
 
 52. ir€pl TOV iravTos SpdjJiov 0€ovt€S, running a race for the whole, i. e. 
 having everything at stake. — ctv^p dvSpl irapacrrds, each man with his neigh- 
 bor. — Tc'Xos (G. 160, 2). — lieppd-yri, the excitement broke out (like a 
 storm). — ol jAc'v, as if iroXXol ^Xc-yov preceded ; to this corresponds 'AGij- 
 
 N 
 
HERODOTUS. 141 
 
 vatoi 8€, &c. — d}ivvso-0ai depends on some word like KO^ivovrts nndcr- 
 fitood with ' Afl-qvaioi, kc. 
 
 53. \a0«v, secretly. — cireSeKovro iroXi^Tas : after the ^ncat losses sus- 
 tained at Thermopylae and later at I'latai-a, Tlicsiiiae wius <)l)li-,n-d to admit 
 new citizens. This Sicinnus was an Asiatic hy Itirth, and i»i(.liablv spoke 
 Persian. — XdOpx) = XdOpa (G. 182, 2). — ^povitav xd ^o.(T\.\io<i, favoring 
 the King's cause. — irap€'x.€i, affords you an opportunity. 
 
 Page 176. — tripdZ^ri. SiaSpdvras, allow to escape : notice the tense of 
 the participle (G. 279, 3). — irpbs lavrovs, against each other (G. 146, N. 3). 
 
 The first object of Themistocles was certainly to make a retreat of the 
 Greek fleet impossible, as he believed that thus only could the progress of 
 Xerxes be checked. He also wished to divert the attentioii of the Persian 
 commanders from their original plan of attack to an entirely new one of 
 cutting off" a retreat, thus making them careless at the critical moment, 
 and perhaps inducing them to divide their fleet. It can hardly be doubted, 
 however, that here — as in his later stratagem (§ 85) — he had a crafty 
 scheme for "laying up treasure" {LiroQ i\Kr\v jieXXcav iroiTio-eorOai., §84) 
 with the King, in case the Greek cause should fail or he himself (as actual- 
 ly happened) should be driven to seek the protection of Persia. 
 
 54. TOVTo Zi, secondly. — dvf)*yov . . . 2aXa|iiva, they brought their west 
 wing up to Salamis, sailing round the island (or surroundiiig the island, i. e. 
 with ships stationed at important points). This refers to the ships which 
 formed the west wing as they were stationed the evening before the battle 
 (see note on § 50). — oi d|i4>L . . . Kvvd(roupav TCTa-yfilvoi, those who had 
 been stationed about Ceos and Cynosura : it is now generally agreed that this 
 Cynosura nmst be some point of Salamis, and not the Cynosura of the bay 
 of Marathon, The word (lit. dog's tail) means simply a long point of land, 
 and the eastern point of Salamis suits the description better than any other. 
 Ceos must be some place or point in the immediate neighborhood. — Karti- 
 Xov . . . iropGpdv : the ships just mentioned, which were lying off Cynosura 
 at nightfall, now advanced and blockaded the channel between Salamis 
 and the peninsula of Piraeus (in which is Munychia). — dircPt'Pa^ov twv 
 Iltpo-ctov (cf. iroXXovis toJv Ilcpare'wv, above), .sc. rivdg (G. 170, 1). — «$ 
 . . . €|oio-op,€vwv, because [they thought) both the men and the wrecks tvould be 
 especially likely to be brought ashore here. — kv irdpu, &c., i. e. in the passage 
 where the battle was to be fought. 
 
 The description of Herodotus, thus interpreted, agrees in all essential 
 points with that of Aeschylus. The gi-eat tragedian, who had fought in the 
 Athenian ranks of Marathon, Avas also in the battle of Salamis. It is to be 
 assumed that no account of the position of the Persian fleet on that event- 
 ful morning can be correct, which does not agree with his description in 
 the "Persians." This tragedy, exhibited in Athens in 472 b. c, contains 
 a graphic account of the battle, which a messenger, just arrived at tlie 
 Persian court from Salamis, narrates to Queen Atossa, the mother of 
 
142 HERODOTUS. 
 
 Xerxes. The three principal points mentioned by Herodotus in § 54 ara 
 prominent in Aeschylus. The landing of Persian troops on Psyttaleia, and 
 their slaughter, are made a most hnportant part of the story (see note 
 on § 75). The stratagem of Themistocles is mentioned as the chief cause 
 of the Persian defeat. In consequence of this, Xerxes first orders a triple 
 line of ships "to guard the passage out and the roaring straits" (i. e. tlie 
 southern entrance of the straits of Salamis) ; then "others ("to guard," or 
 *' to sail") in a circle round the isle of Ajax" (i. e. Salamis). The former 
 are the ships described by Herodotus as holding "all the channel as far as 
 Munychia"; the latter must be "the west wing," which the Persians 
 bring round to Salamis (kvkXov}j.€voi). This last is made clearer by the state- 
 ment of Diodorus, that Xerxes sent round the Egyptian ships to blockade 
 the passage between the northwest point of Salamis and the mainland of 
 Megara. This is the movement to which Aristides refers in § 58. We 
 may suppose that other ships were placed at other points around Salamis, 
 where they would be of service if the Greeks made their expected attempt 
 to escape by night. Aeschylus then describes the disappointment of the 
 Persians when no signs of flight appeared ; and their consternation, at 
 break of day, when, as the sun rose, they heard the solemn paean — the 
 war-cry of the Greeks — and the blast of the trumpet echo from the hills 
 of Salamis. He represents the attack as begun by a Greek ship. The bat- 
 tle seems to have been fought chiefly within the straits, so that the Persian 
 right extended towards Eleusis, and their left towards Piraeus (§ 62). The 
 Persians probably advanced in line from the open sea into the nanows, 
 where they were soon thrown into confusion from want of room. Aeschy- 
 lus speaks of the stream (p€vp.a) of the Persian fleet, which probably refers to 
 their mode of entering the straits. The Persians were so soon thrown into 
 confusion, that the flght must have rapidly lost its regularity, and probably 
 no systematic plan of the Greek commander was carried out. This explains 
 the confused accounts which we have of the progress of the battle, as to 
 which Herodotus (§ 64) confesses himself unable to give details. 
 
 The battle of Salamis was fought on the 20th of September, 480 b. c. 
 
 55. (Tuvco-TiiKOTwv, hi conflict (see note on II. § 36, above). — 'Apio-rei- 
 
 8t]s : Aristides, who had been one of the generals at Marathon, was ban- 
 ished from Athens by ostracism (see Diet, of Antiquities) in 482 b. c. ; but 
 his sentence had been revoked since the invasion of Xerxes had begun, on 
 the motion of Themistocles, his bitter enemy and rival. Eecalled too late 
 to return to Athens, he thus joined the Athenians in their camp at Salamis 
 the night before the eventful battle, bringing news of the movement of the 
 Persians which was most welcome to Themistocles. 
 
 Page 177. — 56. ircpl tov, &c., on the question, Sfc. — I'o-ov l<rTi, it is all 
 one. — neXoirovvtio-ioio-i is to be joined Avith diroTrXoov. 
 
 57. e| efJte'o, at my instigation. — irapao-xiqo-ao-Qai, to bring them over, i. e. 
 to my opinion. — ws ov ttouuvtwv . . . ravra, because {as they will say) the 
 barbarians are not really doing this (G. 277, N. 2). 
 
 ^ 
 
HERODOTUS. 143 
 
 58. i\Kiiv Kal cKirXwo-ai, indirect discourse for -f^Kw Kal (^t'lrXoxra. — 
 Tovs eiropfieovTas shows that tlie sea brtut'cu Salaiiii.s ami Ai'xiiia \va.s 
 occui)ied during the night by part of the Persian ileet (see note on ^ 54). 
 
 Page lyS. — eireCSovTo here takes the accusative, as in II. § 34. 
 
 59. €S rhv rplTToSa : this tripod was erected after the battle of Plataoa. 
 A portion of the pedestal, 16 feet high, is now in Constantinople ; and tlie 
 names of the states which "overthrew the Barbarian " (including tin; Teni- 
 aus) are still to be read in the Doric inscription. (See Kawlin.son's Heroil- 
 otus, IV. p. 395.) — T1Q A-quvtT] : see § 11, above. — KartStc, supply xb 
 vavTiKc5v. 
 
 60. TtSv Tr[vC(av is adnominal genitive with pTjuara where we should ex- 
 pect vTTo and the genitive with X67d|i€va. — Kal ot (G. 151, N. 3) . . . ttoit]- 
 o-dp.£voi, used irregularly for the genitive absolute, as if other syieakers be- 
 sides Themistocles were to be mentioned in apposition. — tVipar^wv, 
 viarines, fighting men on a ship, as opposed to sailors and rowers : ciripciT-qs 
 originally means any one who embarks (iTri^aivei) ; see below, § 89. — 
 Trpoti-ydpt-ue €5 'dy^ovra €k -irdvTwv, i. e. 7nade the best speech of all. — ra 8i 
 ^Tr€a . . . dvTiTiQg'fisva, and his words throughout contrasted things nobhr with 
 things baser. — 6o-a refers to tovtwv. — KaTa<rTd.jri, constitution. — Kara- 
 irXe^as, having brought to an end. — TpiT|pT|s : see § 46, above. — dvfJYov, got 
 under loay, i. e. began to advance : in the next line, the middle is used in the 
 same way, without vc'as. 
 
 61. cirexeaTO, were dose- upon them. — ^irl irpvp.vT|v dvaKpov€<r9at (also 
 without €iri) is to back water: the statement is, that most of tlie ships at 
 first backed water and were on the point of running ashore on the island 
 behind them. — e|avax0£is, advancing fiom the line. Ameinias is said to 
 have been a brother of Aeschylus ; another brother, Cynegcirus, fell at 
 Marathon (I. § 20). — <j)avei(rav agrees with yuvaixa implied in the pre- 
 ceding accusative. 
 
 Page 179. — dvaKpov€o-e€ (G. 200, n. 7). 
 
 62. Kara, opposed to. — irpbs lo-irep-ris and irpbs T-fjV v[u> here are north- 
 west and southeast ; Eleusis and the Piraeus giving the general direction 
 of the Persian line. — 0€|xio-tokXcos cvToXds ; see § 18, above. — xp-rjc-o- 
 fjtat . . . ov8ev (G. 188, 1, N. 2). — €V€p7eTT]s dv€7pd<})T] : "Recording the 
 name is repeatedly spoken of in the inscriptions of Assyria and Babylonia 
 as the highest object of man's ambition. See Esther vi. 1." (Rawlinson.) 
 
 63. T»v v€(ov, i. e. Persian, as tovtovs refers to certain Persians. ^ 
 ?jieXX€ . . . (TUvoio-ecrOai, the result was bound to lie such, Si'c. — 7i<rav Kal £76- 
 vovTo, were and proved themselves. — avrol lavrwv, compared with themselves 
 (i. e. at other times) : the comparative here takes two constructions, a 
 genitive and a clause with ij, the former being inserted merely for 
 emphasis. 
 
 64. 'fi^.n^eripovs, individuals. — 'ApT€fiia-CT]v : as Artrmi^^ia was queen 
 
144 HERODOTUS. 
 
 of Halicamassus, the birthplace of Herodotus, he makes more special men- 
 tion of lier. (See also note on § 50, above.) — Kal -fj : see below. 
 
 Page ISO* — ^ix-rrpoo-Oe ^ap : the clause introduced by -ydp ends with 
 iova-a, after which ^8o^e ol, it pleased her, irregularly takes the place of a 
 personal verb belonging to Kal ij. — irpos . . . {idXioTa, close upon. — rb Kal 
 o-uvi^v€iK€, which succeeded too: see § 66, below. — <{>£povo-a, bearing down. 
 
 — dvSpwv T€ . . . KaC : this implies that the ship was not only (re) manned 
 by Calyndians, but also (Kai) bore the king (?) of Calynda (a Carian town) : 
 eirnrXwovTos is genitive absolute. 
 
 65. €l [xlv KttC TL . . . iyeyovte, even if we admit that she had had some 
 quarrel with him, still, ^c. — jievTOi is used like Be in apodosis (G. 227, 2). 
 
 — irapairccrovcra : Herodotus used (rvYKvpew (as well as oru|Jt7riTrTa)) with 
 the participle, like rvyxcivw in Attic (G. 279, 4). 
 
 66. dirb toutwv, by what she had done (not especially KaK(5v). — Kal t6v 
 (G. 143, 2) : so Kal tovs. — <j>dvai, assented (imperfect). — ciricrTafievovs, 
 recognizing; but Tjirio-TeaTO, believed (wrongly). — avrrj <rvvi\vf\.Ki, proved 
 fortunate for her (Kriiger), as in § 64, above; 7€v6|ieva being causal: but 
 <rvvTJveiK€ may perhaps be taken with -yevdjAeva, happened to result fortunate- 
 ly, like o-vvcxvp-qo-e in § 65 (we have, however, <rvvir|V€tK€ Y€V€<r0ai in § 66). 
 
 — Kal TO . . . ■yevco-Oai, and especially the circumstance, that, Sec, referring to 
 rd T€ dXXa. — ye>{6vcifr\. ji,oi (G. 184, 3, N. 6). 
 
 67. dirb 8^ (sc. 20avov) = dTre'Gavov. 
 
 Page 18B.. — iv xcipwv vop-o), in the hand-to-hand conflict. — diroSeldiJicvoi 
 here belongs to diroSetKvvjxi, as diroSe^djievoi in II. § 17 : see note on 
 I. § 6. 
 
 68. «s . . . diT-oXoCaTo (G. 122, 2), i. e. that the collision was not acci- 
 dental. — «s TTpoSovTCDV, sc. Tcov 'Itovwv, becausc (tts the Phoenicians charged, 
 ft)S) they had been traitors : the genitive absolute is more emphatic than the 
 simpler ws irpoSovras would have been. — roiovSe, as folloivs. — KareSvitTo 
 . . . KaT€8wa-6 : notice the difference in the voice and the tense. — rv,s 
 KaraSvo-do-Tis vsds, the ship which hud sunk them. — 2o-xov, took possession 
 (not had or held). 
 
 69. €K€\€V(r€, sc. Tivds as subject of diroTafJLeiv. — avroC refers to the 
 Phoenicians generally, who were to be taught a lesson. — 8kus . . . l'8oi, 
 whenever he saw (G. 233). — vird, at the foot of: the eminence on which 
 Xerxes sat during the battle is low compared with the higher mountain of 
 which it is a projection. — TrarpoGev, i. e. adding his father's name to his 
 own, in the Athenian style. — irpoo-gPoXeTo . . . irdOeos, i. e, he contributed 
 somewhat (ti) to this disaster of the Phoenicians (G. 170). — <J>iXos c«v, 
 
 sc. T01S"I«0"1. 
 
 Page 182. — 70. ^v T<3 irop0p,«, between Psyttaleia and the Piraeus. 
 The battle was fought between Salamis and the mainland, so that this 
 remote position of the Aeginetans could still be called m the channel: henca 
 €Kir\w6vTo>v and eKirXwovo'as. 
 
 M 
 
HERODOTUS. 145 
 
 71. 8ic&K0V<ra v^a, (sc, iroXtp.iTjv). — Tf\v irpo4)\jXa<r<rov<rav lirl SkiciOui : 
 see note on III. § 5. — KaTaKOirtvra, had/i/ vmmilfd, viU up. — Tf|s (nparr]- 
 yiSos, the flag-ship (of Tlieniistocles). — ts tov }j.t]8io-)x6v rel'ti-s to i[m 
 charges made against the Aeginetans before the battle of Maraihou : see 
 I, § 3. — viTro, to the protection of. 
 
 72. "fJKOvo-av dptcrra, gained the greatest ghry : c5 (or KaKuls) oxoutiv 
 - bene (or male) audire. — ' ApT€\i.i<rCi\v : see § 65, and note on § 61. — 
 Trporepov ^i cIXe = irplv d\i, Injure he had captured, priusquam cepisset 
 ((I. 240, 1 ; 232, 2). —^ after juv = or. — 8s Slv I^Xtj, |to anybody] who 
 should take her alii-e (G. 248). — y^vaiKa : so DeniosthiMies afterwards 
 resented the Athenians' fear of the later queen Artemisia of Caiia (tlie 
 builder of the Maitsoleiim), calling her pdpPapov dvOpwirov, Kal ravra yv- 
 vaiKtt, a barbarian, and a woman at that. 
 
 Page 183. — rjo-av 8^ . . . 4>aXT|pw repeats the statement of the last 
 sentence in § 71, after the digression. 
 
 73. ws 8^ . . . ■ylv6<r0at, and ichen they came, Sfc. (G. 260, 2, N. 2). — 
 ipj)v 'A0T]vaiT]S SKipdSos : this was ])robably on the soutliern point of 
 Salaniis. — o<5t€ ti. . . . €1860*1 for ov8£v tc . . . el8d(ri. — TjpciivTo (v. dpdo- 
 |iai), prayed. 
 
 74. oiol T€, ready. — ktr* €|€p"ya<r|Ji€voio-i, after all was over. — ov hcvtoi, 
 tc. : Herodotus, who evidently disbelieved this story, (as Rawlinson re- 
 marks) "recorded it more on account of its poetic character than from ill- 
 will towards Corinth." 
 
 75. KaT6<|>6v£V(rav : this is represented by the messenger in the Persians 
 of Aeschylus as taking place after the battle, and as the worst disaster of 
 the day. The Persian here slain are called "the finest, the bravest, the 
 noblest, and the first in the King's confidence." (See § 54, above.) 
 
 Page 1S4. — 76. KwXidSa : this was on the Attic coast, a little more 
 than two miles southeast of Phalerum. — d'iroTr\i]cr(ii, to fulfil, govems rbv 
 XpTia-jxov, which is explained by tov t€ dXXov . . . Movo-aiw, and irregular- 
 ly by TO dpr\Y.ivov, &c.: for the latter we should expect tov KaTo. tc, vauT|- 
 -yia . . . €lpT]|JLevov. — eXeXriGec, had escaped the notice of — <j)pv^ouo-i in the 
 oracle must mean shall roast (i. e. cook) with the wood of the oars which 
 shall drift ashore. The ^ISS. have <J)pi|ovo-i, which might mean shall 
 shudder at the sight of oars (?). The following words, direXdo-avros Pao-i- 
 Xe'os, favor the common emendation <|>pv^ovo-i. 
 
 77. X^f^a 8iaxovv, to bnild a mole or dam from the Attic shore to Sala- 
 mis. He also (tc) began a bridge of boats, and pretended to be preparing 
 for another sea-fight, while he was really planning a retreat (8pTio-fjidv). — 
 «K iravTos vdov, in real earnest. — iroXejiifio-tiv is irregular after irapco-Kcva- 
 o-Ttti (G. 202, 3 . 
 
 78. iropa-YCYVCTai, travels (lit. comes in, arrives). — outw, with such skill. 
 Page 185. — oo-«v Av ^ (G. 225). — \l^ oi (G. 283, 7 ; 263, 1, N.). — 
 
146 HERODOTUS. 
 
 KttT* £LXXov, hy om after another, a strange expression (perhaps a mistake) for 
 KttT* diXXov Kttl dWov. — Xa[jnra8Ti<|)opLTi, torch-race, like Xaixirds (1. § 7). 
 
 80. MapSoviov : see below, § 86. — -n-eipeoixtvov, in attempt, i. e. so far 
 as he could, belongs to the subject of iroie'eiv. — 6S too-ovto c-ytveTo, thus far 
 did matters advance. — cos Tdyeos eiye (G. 168, N. 3). — 8ia<j>vXa|ovi{ras . . . 
 Pao-iXei, to guard the bridges for the King's passage (G. 265). — Zwo-Tfjpos : 
 Zoster is a promontory of Attica about half-way between the Piraeus and 
 Sunium. — c'lrl ttoXXov, to a great distance. 
 
 Page 1§6. — 81. i^XTri^ov, they supposed, followed by ctvai in indirect 
 discourse (G. 203). 
 
 82. el Xij(rov<ru . . . tovt* Slv . . , ipyd<raivro : the direct form would 
 have the same tenses and moods (G. 227, 1). — tjo-vx^iiv \i.^ ^X^i-v, to avoid 
 keeping quiet. — d-yovri }jl€v = tdv [ilv &yr\ (G. 226, 1). — oiire . . . 'ia-rai, 
 neither can anything succeed. — kojjliSi^, return. — tov cirereov aUl Kapirov, 
 the harvest of each successive year. — aXKd belongs to carcov etvat (sc. i^r]). 
 — is S ^X9tj, until he comes, without &v (G. 232, 3 ; 234). 
 
 83. [xerapaXtiv, tunung, i. e. from the others to the Athenians. — opfiea- 
 TO, were eager (set out). — Kal eirl <r<J)€a)v avTwv PaXXojxcvot, even taking it 
 upon themselves, i. e. on their own responsibility. — uXXoi = oi dtXXoi. 
 
 Page 18f . — iroXXoio-i, 7nany occasions. — dvaXa|xpdv€iv, retrieve. — 
 eup7]\i.a, good luck or godsend : the idea is, that the rescue of ourselves and 
 of Greece is a piece of special good fortune. 
 
 84. KaraPdXXcov rd dYaXfAara : the Persian religion, like the Jewish, 
 was uncompromisingly hostile to idols (iconoclastic). A Persian therefore 
 might commit acts with no sacrilegious intent which would be gross im- 
 piety in the eyes of a Greek. — dTrtpacTTLYajo-e : see II. § 9, above. — 
 dXX* . . . 7dp, but, smce. — €Vi|X€Xr]0f]vai (G. 270), let us care for: we should 
 expect Set here. — Ka£ tis (G. 150, N.). '-dTro0T|Ktiv : see note on § 53. — 
 rd" ircp iyivero : Themistocles took refuge in Persia after the death of 
 Xerxes, when he claimed the favor of the King on the gi'ound of the ser- 
 vices rendered to the Persian cause at this time, confessing and boasting 
 that his action had been treacherous to the Greeks. It may be doubted 
 whether he deceived the Greeks, or the Persians, or both. Grote remarks : 
 "There existed in the mind of this eminent man an almost unparalleled 
 combination of splendid patriotism, long-sighted cunning, and selfish 
 rapacity. . . . Moreover, a clever man tainted with such constant giiilt 
 might naturally calculate on being one day detected and punished, even if 
 the Greeks proved successful." 
 
 85. 8i€paXX€, deceived them. — Connect a-iyav rd (= d) ivirdXaro. 
 
 Page 188. — dir^irXwov 6ir£<r« : after this, Themistocles sent threaten- 
 ing messages to many of the Greek islanders, by which he extorted large 
 sums of money, which laid the foundation of his great wealth of 80 or 100 
 talents. At Andros he demanded payment in the name of " those mighty 
 Gods of Athens, Persuasion and Necessity " ; but the Andrians refused in 
 
 ^ 
 
HERODOTUS. 147 
 
 the name of their "two unprofitable Gods, who never desert their island, 
 Poverty and Helplessness," and submitted to a siege, in which tht-y balllcd 
 all the efforts of the Athenians, 
 
 86. ^8o^€ with irpoTre'iirl/at (G. 202) means it seemed good; but with clvai 
 (G. 203) it means it seemed, and so with the following infinitive. — ovk 
 ?4>7]> i- e. said that he would not. — TpiTJKOVTa nupidSas : this is tlie aniiy 
 which remained in Greece during the winter, and was defeated at Plataca 
 in the following year (479 b. c). 
 
 87. ovStv [xepos, i. e. no important part, compared with the host with 
 which he entered. — ol Se (G. 227, 2). 
 
 Page 1S9. — tva . . . -y^voiTO eXavvtov, wherever he happened to come in 
 his march, depends on the frequentative force of e-n-tTcio-crwv (G. 233). — 
 fip{ia Tou Aios : see note on II. § 13, above. — aniXa^i, receive back: so 
 dTToStSajjii means give back or repay. — ve[io|i€'vas, as thry were in pasture, 
 refers to the eight white mares (called simply I'ttttoi XeuKoC in II. 13) 
 which drew the sacred chariot : compare the poetic use of d(|>' liirirwv, k,c., 
 refen-ing to the chariot. 
 
 88. TTJcri vr\v<TC : see §§ 80 and 96. — efAirnrXdiievoi, gorging themselves. 
 
 89. Hhi, as follows, after XeYOjAevos ; not 6Si Xoyos (without 6) : this is 
 probably a specimen of the tales current in Greece which were invented to 
 malign the servile temper of the Asiatics, — \ii}iaivi<rQai (sc. rhv Pa(rt- 
 X«a), was suffering from the storm. — wm = &t€ (G. 277, N. 2). — eiripa- 
 Tc'tov, here probably simply passengei's : see note on § 60. 
 
 90. KT]8dp.€vos (G, 280), — oIkc = ^oikc 
 
 Page 190. — dirocrwOfivai, was brought safe. — tos 8^ €KpT]vat (G. 260, 2, 
 
 N. 2). 
 
 91. oi'rc diXXws 0^6 TO . . . irdOos, neither in other points, nor as to this 
 which [is said to have] happened to the Persians. — dvTi|oov p."?) ouk &v ttolt]- 
 <rat TOiov86, opposed to the idea that he would have done something like this : [li] 
 is used because of the negative idea of dvTi^oos (G. 283, 6), while ov is 
 added because of ovk ^yw (G. 283, 7.) — tous p.^v KaraPipdo-ai (sc. dv) is 
 added (by apposition) to explain iroifjo-ai dv ; but okws ovk dv . . . t'^e- 
 PaXe reverts to the construction which Troi7](rat dv represents {lTrolr\<ri dv). 
 
 92. Tpairojitvoi, after the fruitless siege of Andros : see note on § 85, -— 
 €7ev€To dv8pids, a statue was made. 
 
 93. T<3 "yevonevw, to him who had shown himself. — 8i€v^|xovto, gai^e their 
 votes ; lit. distributed among themselves, because all voted for some of those 
 present. 
 
 Page 191* — 8€vTepa (adverb), in the second place. — (rvvi^iirnrrov, hap- 
 pened {fell out) to agree : see § 30, — ^fJUjvvoiivTo, had but one vote apiece. 
 
 94. oKpCTwv, in active sense : Kniger, however, interprets it unjudged, 
 with their merits undecided. — dpio-TT|ia (i€v : we must understand dvSpa- 
 "YaSiTis or some such word ; Plutarch says (Them, XVII.), EvpvPidS-Q ^Iv 
 
148 THUCYDIDES. 
 
 dv8p€iac, €.K€fvtp (i. e, Themistocles) Zl a-o^Cas dpumiov ^Socav. (Stein 
 will even insert the Vv^ord in the text. ) — iirire'es : the 300 knights were 
 the regular body-guard of a Spartan king when he went into battle ; Leoni- 
 das, however, chose a special band of 300 to accompany him to Thermo- 
 pylae (see note on III, § 21). 
 
 95. ws . . . ^x*''' depends on the idea of saying in eve^Kce. — TijioST^fjios : 
 we must suppose this man to have been a native of Belbina, a little island 
 near Sunium, and to have been made an Attic citizen and enrolled in the 
 deme of Aphidnae. Plato and many other writers tell the same story of a 
 Seriphian, without making him a citizen of Athens. — €»v, if I were, = d 
 fjv (Gr. 222 ; 226, 1), and if thou wert. — 'A0T]vaios must here mean horn in 
 Athens. 
 
 96. vavriKos, sc. orrpaTos. — 6 ^ep^ew TrepiYcvofJievos, unless 6 is insert- 
 ed before the participle, will mean which remained to {belonging to) Xerxes. 
 — irpo<r€ni|€, arrived at. — KvfAT), in Aeolis, on the coast of Asia Minor. 
 
 In the following spring, the army of Mardonius re-entered Central 
 Greece, and again occupied Athens ; the Athenians, as before, retreat- 
 ed to Salamis. At the great battle of Plataea, in v^hich the Greeks 
 were commanded by the Spartan Pausanias, Mardonius was defeated 
 and slain, and his army nearly annihilated. This disaster, with the 
 defeat in the sea-fight at Mycale, on the same day, was the final act 
 of the Persian wars in Greece, 
 
 ^ 
 
 THUCYDIDES. 
 
 Thucydides is by universal consent acknowledged to be the first of 
 Greek historians. The conscientious care with which he collected 
 and sifted his materials, the calm unprejudiced spirit in which he 
 judged both eyents and persons, the clear conception which he formed 
 of the tendencies of his age, and of the secret springs of political ac- 
 tion, and the acuteness displayed in the philosophic observations with 
 which (unfortunately too seldom) he accompanied his narrative, have 
 rarely been equalled and never surpassed. His sole work is the His- 
 tory of the Peloponnesian War, in eight books, which includes the 
 period from the beginning of the war in 431 b. c. to the middle of 
 411 B. c, where it breaks off suddenly. Xenophon finished the his- 
 tory of the war, and continued the narrative to the battle of Manti- 
 nea (in 362 b. c), in his Hellenica, a work which makes the greatness 
 of Thucydides conspicuous by striking contrast. 
 
 Little is known of the life of Thucydides : in the first sentence of 
 
TIIUCYDIDES. 140 
 
 his history he calls himself '' an Athenian," and states that ho began to 
 write his account of the Peloponnesian War at the very bej^iiining 
 of the struggle, foreseeing its magnitude and the importance of the 
 prize at stake. He elsewhere tells us that he continued his labors 
 until after the end of the war in 404 b. c. (See page 117.) 
 
 The passage here given is taken from the fourtli book. It contains 
 the account of the fortification of the Messenian Pylus in 4'J."> u. c. 
 by the Athenians under Demosthenes (the same general who twelve 
 years later fell a victim in the disastrous Sicilian expedition), the at- 
 tempt of the Spartans to dislodge them, the blockade of the Lace- 
 daemonian force in the little island of Sphacteria, the appointment of 
 Cleon to the chief command, and the final surrender of 2'J2 Lacedae- 
 monians, including 120 real Spartans, — such a prize as had never be- 
 fore fallen into an enemy's hands. The account is especially enliv- 
 ened by the brilliant and amusing episode of Cleon, the leather-dresser 
 and politician, the great popular leader of the day at Athens, who 
 complained bitterly (and probably with reason) of want of energy in 
 the siege of Sphacteria, saying it would be easy to take the island 
 '' if the generals were men," and he would have done it himself if he 
 had been general. Nicias resigned his office of general, and nominated 
 Cleon as his successor. The latter accepted unwillingly, and only in 
 consequence of the clamor of the people; but he did it with the 
 cliaracteristic boast, that within twenty days he would either briug 
 home the Lacedaemonians as prisoners or leave them dead on the 
 island. This promise he actually performed to the letter, and the 
 Spartan prisoners were brought back as Cleon's prize. Thus the at- 
 tempt of Cleon's enemies to make nim ridiculous and to ruin him 
 ended in giving him still greater glory and wider influence. 
 
 The present extract begins with the second chapter of the fourth 
 book, and ends with the forty-first. About one third of the whole 
 passage, as it stands in Thucydides, is here omitted. 
 
 Page 192. — 1. tov T]pos, i. e. the spring of 425 b. c. — -qyiZro Bi, kc, 
 a form of words often used by Thucydides in describing the Peloponnesian 
 mvasions of Attica, of which this was the fifth. — tcLs • . . vavs, i. e. the 
 .shii)S mentioned at the end of Book III. In the preceding winter Athens 
 had voted to send 40 ships to Sicily, and had chosen three coninianders, 
 one of whom, Pythodorus, went immediately ; — whence the two otlu-rs 
 are called here tovs •O-iroXoiTrovs. 
 
 2. ii[ia TTcipaTrXeovTas, as they coasted along (G. 277, X. 1). Corcyra 
 (Corfu) lay on the route by which the Athenians usually sailed to Sicily, 
 following the coast as far as possible. — <}>v'Yd8a)v : these were of the ex- 
 pelled oligarchial party, restored and sustained by the Spartans : they had 
 already (b. c. 427) provoked a bloody and desperate revolution in Corcyra. — ■ 
 
150 THUCYDIDES. 
 
 avToorc, i. e. to Corcyra. — Kal Xi|xov Svtos, &c. : here Kai connects Ti[t.<apoi 
 and vo(xi^ovT€s, while ovtos is causal. — KaTacrxT|o-€iv to, Trpayp-aTa, that 
 they should gam the mastery. — t^ 'AKapvavuas, Demosthenes had commanded 
 an army in Acarnania the year before. — avrw 8eTj9evTi, at his oivn request. 
 
 3. 6"y€vovTO . . . Kara ttjv A., arrived off the coast of Laconia. — fjirci- 
 YOVTO, wished to press on (G. 200, N. 2). 
 
 4. T||Cov, called upon them, asked them. 
 
 Page 193. — c^nropiav, sc. o{i<rav (G. 280). — IttX ttoXv tt^s X^P^-Sj i- ©• 
 
 a large extent of the country: kirX ttoXv is used as a neuter noun and one of 
 the subjects of 6v (see § 16). — o-raStovs, i. e. about 46 miles. — Trore 
 ov(rr\ (G. 204, N. 1). — T'fjv irdXiv 8a7ravdv, to put the state to expense. 
 
 5. v<mpov . . . Koivw(ras, impljdng that he communicated his plan to 
 them without success. — vtto aTrXoias, i. e. detained by the storm which 
 brought them into Pylus. — Trcpio-rda-iv, coming round, or setting to luork 
 (Arnold), agreeing with o-TpaTtwrais. — \oya.hr\v, picking the stones, an ad- 
 verb of manlier. — cos . . . ^vp-Paivot, as each piece happened to fit (G. 233). 
 
 ■ — Tn]\dv, mortar. — 67K€Kv<J)6t€s (sc. ovtcos) tos, stooping [in such a way] 
 that, as a final clause ; or <os (xeWot may be taken like tos . . . ^vji-Paivoi, 
 above (G. 233). — Sirws \i.^ aTroTrt-n-TOt (G. 216). 
 
 6. TO, 4Tn\ia,\(aTaTa, the paiis most exposed to attack. — €|€pYciordfjLsvot 
 (G. 279, 4). — avTo, of itself, naturally. — eiroio-OvTO, sc. to irpd'yfJLa. — cos 
 . . . ovx v-irojxcvovvTas o-<}>ds, accusative absolute (G. 278, 2, n.; 277, n. 2), 
 in the belief that they (the Athenians) icould not withstand them (o-<{)ds, Spar- 
 tans). — XT]\j/6|Ji€vot agrees with the subject of eiroiowTO, and is therefore 
 not in the accusative absolute. — iv rats 'ABifjvais, in Attica, all of which 
 was politically a part of Athens : see, below, iv tyj 'Attiktj. 
 
 7. a»s . . . KaT€LXT]fx}Ji^vt]s, we should expect the ace. (G. 280) ; but the 
 genitive is occasionally used, as this case generally follows irvvBdvoiAau 
 (G. 171, 2). — OIK610V or4>i<ri (sc. ctvai), as we say, it came home to them. 
 
 Page 194. — ^^7rpa> cVpaXovres refers to the invasion of Attica. — xei- 
 jtwv, bad weather. 
 
 8. oi kyyvraTOL t(3v irepiofKwv, i. e, those who were nearest to the city 
 of Sparta. The perioeci were descendants of the old Achaean population 
 of Laconia, which had been subjugated by the Dorian invasion ; they 
 formed an intermediate class between the Dorian aristocracy (ot Sirapxid- 
 Ttti avToi) and the Helots (who were slaves). — v-Kipivex^^lfroiX., carried 
 over the isthmus by machines. A canal had been cut through this Leuca- 
 dian isthmus about two centuries before, but it had since been choked by 
 sand so as to be imjiassable. — Trends here means land force, as it o]:)posed to 
 naval forces : see note on Herod. II. § 23. — •jrpoo-irXedvTtov (temporal). — 
 <j>0d(ras, hastily. — d^-yeiXat (G. 265). 
 
 9. Kai connects clp-yacrjAtvov and cvovtcov, as both contain reasons for 
 €Xiri?ovT€S . . . aLpr|cr€iv. — •i^v ... ^Xaxrt might have been el . . . ^Xoiev 
 (G. 248). — €s avTdv (G. 191, n. 6). 
 
 ^ 
 
TIIUCYDIDES. 151 
 
 10. Z^aKT-ripCa, tlie long island now called Splinr/ia, which nearly close* 
 the eutrauce to the great bay of Navarino. The channels on huth sides, how- 
 ever, arc now much wider than they were in 425 B. c. See plan of I'ylus. 
 — TT] \i.lv . . . TT] 8e', on one side (i. e. the northern), (md on the other. 
 
 Page 105. — oKTw t] e'vve'a, sc. vavo-l SLctTrXovv, i. e, eight or nine ships 
 could sail through the channel abreast. — dvTiirpupois, with their j)ruu-t 
 facing (any one entering the bay). 
 
 11. T«v KaTaX6i(|>0€L<rtSv : of the five ships left him (§6) two hail been 
 sent to summon Eiuvmedon (§8). — irpoo-eo-Tavpcoo-c, he built a ttto<i(ide 
 (to defend them) in addition to the protection ationlcd by the fort. — Trapa- 
 •ytvdnevot (G. 279, 2). 
 
 12. i^v Trpoo-pdWTi, sc. 6 ir^os (G. 248). — cvcetvovs, i. e. the Lacedae- 
 monians. 
 
 13. dipavT€s : Thucydides often \ises al'pw intransitively (perhaps with 
 va€s or o-toXov understood) of makimj a movement with a fleet or an army. 
 
 Page 196. — ot Ss . . . cttoiovvto : the meaning is, that they made 
 divisions, each containing few ships ; and made their attacks with single 
 divisions, alloAnng the others to rest in the mean time. — €V (lepti, in turn, 
 belongs equally to dvairavovTcs and to the following words. — c'l irws . • . 
 '^Xoiev, in case theij should succeed in capturing the fort, ^c. (G. 226, 4, x. 1). 
 
 14. €Y€'v€TO, made himself (not was). — o-\eiv, like irpoa-<r\iiv above, to 
 effect a landing. — diroKvoOvTas follows opwv (G. 280). — tmv Vi2v (sc. n- 
 vds) belongs to ^v8ittTpLT|7wcriv. — ^vXwv, (mere) timbers, — <j>€i8ofi€vovs 
 belongs to the omiited subject of irgpuSetv. — irtironifievovs (G. 279, 3). — 
 OKCtXavras belongs to tovs I^K-H^cLxovs, which is subject of Kparf^o-ai as well 
 as of diTOKvfio-ai. 
 
 15. Toicvra and iroXXd (G. 159, x. 2). — irapcleipco-ia was applied to 
 those parts of the ship (either at the bow or the stern ) which were beyond 
 the seats of the rowers, ^gw r-qs elpeo-tas. - — TrepieppvT^ (v. irepippcw), slipped 
 from around (his arm). — irpoo-poXfjs depends on 8, being attracted from 
 the antecedent clause where it would depend on Tpoiratov. — twv 'AOt]- 
 vaiwv . . . {nroxcupotivTcov (G, 277, 2), connected b}' Kal with the causal 
 dative \o.\eK6r-r\r\.. 
 
 16. Kttl Tavrqs, and that too, as often Kal ravra. — eirl iroXv t-t^s 8d^T]s 
 is nearly equivalent to iroXv jxepos rfjs 86|t]s, €irl iroXv being used almost 
 like a substantive (see § 4). The meaning is, it made at that time much of 
 the glory of the one (the Spartans) that they were peculiarly an inland people, 
 ^r., and of the others (the Athenians) that they were maritime, 6fc. — tv T<i 
 Tore (G. 141, X. 3). Tiireipwrais, predicate after €tvat (G. 138, x. 8) ; so 
 6aXa(r(rtois, sc. etvai. 
 
 Page 197, — 17. irap-c'irtiixl/av, setU along (the coast). — 'Ao-ivtiv, 
 on the Messenian Gulf. — eXiri^ovxcs • . • p-Tixavaus : the principal iilea Is in 
 IXiri^ovTcs . . . IXeiv (G. 203, X. 2), while v.j'os (x€v ^xeiv interrupts the main 
 construction, depending loosely on the idea of thinking implied in tXTr^l^ovTes 
 
152 THUCYDIDES. 
 
 (G. 203), — hoping, although the wall icas high, still to take it by their engines, 
 since it was particularly easy to land (€it€l8ti dirojEao-is (idXio-Ta fiv). — ottt) 
 Ka0op}ii<r«vTai (G. 244, last ex.). — ^v [xev . . . eGeXwo-i, sc. ot AaKeSatjidvLot 
 (G. 247) ; an apodosis like «s vavpaxifjcrovTes, to have a sea-fight, is to be 
 supplied from ws €ir\ va-u|jiaxiav. — el 8e |xtj, otherwise ; see Greek Moods 
 and Tenses, § 52, 1, N. 2 : the full sentence would be ^^v Z\ |X"?| cOeXoxri. — 
 a»s avTol eireo'irXevtro-ujJievoi, with the intention of themselves sailing in against 
 them (G. 277, N. 2). — Kal ot p-e'v, i. e. the Lacedaemonians. — d 8icvoii- 
 0T]o-av : see § 9. — 4)pd|ai, in apposition with the antecedent of &. — oirre 
 . . . '^Tvxov 7ron^(ravT€S (G. 279, 4), nor did they happen to do. 
 
 18. yvovTis, pei'ceiving, i. e. that the entrances were open. — iKctTcpov : 
 see § 10. — Kal jierewpous • • • avrnrpcopovs, both already afloat and with 
 prows pointing towards them. — ots Sid Ppaxe'os, as (was likely) at so short a 
 distance, belongs to what follows. — irpoxrav, disabled, seldom used of 
 ships. — auTois dv8pd(riv (G. 188, 5, N. ). — eV t^ y^, where we should 
 expect €s TTjv -y^jv ; by a mixture of two expressions, ev ttj -yfj ovcrais and 
 €S T-^v yi]V KaraiTi^evyviaiS' Kriiger remarks that this use of cv for es is 
 found in Attic Greek only with the perfect. — irXT]pov}JL€vat, i. e. as tJiey were 
 taking their crews on board. — dva8ov[i€vot, making fixst to them (G. 98, N. 1). 
 
 19. lirecrjSatyovTes, see lirto-irXe-uo-ovixevoi in § 17, above. 
 
 Page 198. — twv vewv, genitive after eirLXaixpavojAevoi (G. 171, 1), in- 
 stead of accusative after dvGeiXKOv. — ev rovna. . . irapf,v (for ^v totjtu) tu» 
 ^p-ytp . . . (S Tivi |xi?j Kal atiTos irapfjv), each man believed that there had been 
 slow progress in any work in which he had not been personally present : kckoj- 
 X€o-9ai represents the impersonal KCKwXvTai, there has been a hindrance, of 
 the direct discourse ; for w |it| tivi irap-Jiv, see G. 232, 1. — dvTT]XXa'y|JLe'vos, 
 mutually changed. — irepl xds va€s belongs to kyivero GdpvPos. — ws eliretv 
 (G. 268). — dXXo ovShv V\, i. e. they were doing nothing else than. — a>s ^irl 
 irXeicTTov, as far as possible. — iTepLeTrXeov, they sailed round the island, in 
 token of defiance. — Kal dirb Trdvxwv, i. e. from all, as well as from the few 
 mentioned in § 8. 
 
 20. ra. TeX-q, the magistrates, used like al dpy^ij fl^^ authorities : it takes 
 masculine participles (G. 138, n. i). — ws eirl ori)}j.(})opa p-e-ydX?], upon what 
 they acknowledged (ws) to be a great calamity. — irapaypfifJLa, on the spot, be- 
 longs to opwvras ; and 6 tl dv 8oktj to povXevctv. — d8iJvaTov 6v {G. 280). 
 — iraOeiv and KpaTTjQfjvai depend on Kiv8vvev€iv. — iraGeiv ti is a common 
 euphemism for 6av€iv. — rd -jrepl IItjXov is used as if cnreLo-ajJie'vous pre- 
 ceded, having made a truce for the neighborhood of Pyhis ; like cnrcvSeo-Gai 
 dvalpetriv tois vcKpois, to make a truce for the removal of the dead (Thue3'd. 
 III. 24). 
 
 21. AaKeSaifiovtovs . . . irapaSovvai (G. 271). — SirXa ciri<})€p€LV, like 
 irdXe|xov €'7rL(f>cp€iv. 
 
 Page 199*. — o-itov TaKrbv Kal [i€|xaY}j.evov, meal (lit. grain) in a fixed 
 quantity and ready -kneaded : a Xo^'V'-l was about a quart, and a kotvXt] 
 about half a pint. — Kpeas, a piece of meat, of course limited in size. — ^(.^6.- 
 
 ^ 
 
THUCYDIDES. 153 
 
 irovTCS are Helots. — opwvTwv tcov 'A0T|vaiu)v, under the insprrtion of the 
 Athenians. — Bcra ji-q d-rroPaCvovTas, so Jar iw (they can) without Uindimj. 
 
 22. 8 Tt 8* dv . . . irapaPatvwo-iv Kal orioiiv, and u-hatevrr of thrsr trrms 
 either parti/ shall transgi'ess, even in anij par'icnldr, = •{^v ti . . . irapaPalvwo-iv 
 {G. 232, 3). — XtXiicrGai, shall {at once and beyond question) he void (G. 202, 
 2, N. 2).^o-ir€i<r0ai atirdsi that it (the treaty) shall be considered as havinrf 
 been made. — fxexpi' ov, until, takes the subjunctive or optative like the snnple 
 |i€Xpi (G. 239, 2) : for &v omitted, see G. 239,2, x.l.—oi Ik twv 'A.^r\v!iv, 
 lit. the ambassadors from Athens, by prolepsis (irp6X.T]\|/is, anticipation). — 
 IXGovTwv (sc. T«v irpeVpcwv), on their return. — XcXvcrGai, perfect (as above), 
 shall be {finally) void; while diroSovvai is the aorist infinitive in its ordi- 
 nary use (G. 202), shall return. — ojjtotas ol'ao-irep refers to the condition of 
 the ships. — irapaXdpojo-Lv refers to the future (G. 232, 3), its apodo.sis 
 being found in diroSoTJvai,. — eirl toutois, on these terms. 
 
 Four chapters here omitted contain the speech of the Spartan embassy in 
 the Athenian assembly. "Their proposition was in substance a very sim- 
 ple one, — Give up to us the men in the island, and accept, iu exchange for 
 this favor, peace, with the alliance of Sparta." Grote. 
 
 23. Too-avra (G. 148, N. 1) refers to the speech here omitted. — €iri0w- 
 ficiv, Ka)Xv€(r9ai, Se'^ctrGai, and diroSwo-civ represent in the direct di.scourse 
 lireQv\iovv, ckcoXvovto (G. 203, N. 1), Bi^ovrai, and diroScicrouonv. — <r<j)a>v, 
 the Spartans (G. 144, 2). — 8i8o(j,€'vt]s, ofered (G. 200, N. 2). — rds o-irov- 
 8j.s . . . iroieitrGai irpbs (xirovs, that they now had the treaty in their ou-n 
 power, to negotiate it with them (the Spartans) whenever they might please. — 
 Itoi|xos is here declined with two terminations (G. 63, n). — Troiei<r0ai is 
 middle, and has <nrov8ds understood as its object. 
 
 24. Tovs €V VT|(ra) is subject of KojiicrGTivai : SirXa and <r<})ds avrovs are 
 objects of TrapaSovras. — IXGovtwv, see § 22, above. — AaKtSaip-ovtovs, 
 subject of KO}JLLo-acr9ai, recover. — dirb . . . |v|xj3d(r€ft»s, i. e. by the Thirty 
 Years' Truce, made iu 445 B. c, by which Athens gave up all her rights in 
 Peloponnesus. (See Thucyd. I. 115; Grote, Vol. V. Chap. 4.5.) — Kara 
 ^vjJLcjjopds, in consequence of defeats. — 8£0|xeva>v . . . (nTov8<ov, beiny tlien 
 someivhat more in need of a truce: for Tt, see G. 160, 2. 
 
 Page 200. — 25. |vv€'8povs, i. e. a committee. — cri^ia-iv (G. 144, 2), 
 i. e. for the Spartans. — ol'rives . • . ^v|xPT|o-ovTai (G. 236, n. 3). — iroXvs 
 lv€K€iTO, was vehement against them (G. 138, X. 7). — ■yi-yvwcrKeiv . . . irpdrf- 
 pov, imperfect infinitive (G. 203, x. 1). — ^yovras . . • avrous (G. 280). — 
 o^Irives, causal relative (G. 238). — cl 8LavoovvTat (G. 24S, 1). — ti belongs 
 to |v'YX"P^'^v (G. 159), to make any concession. — ov Tvyovrts, not having 
 gained [their object]. — ironfio-ovTas, like 6v, depends on opuvrts. 
 
 26. Icrxvpi^oixevoi, maintaining stoutly (lo-xvpcos). — XeXvcrOai, used as iu 
 § 22. — d8tKTip,a, as an act of injustice, follows rh twv vewv. 
 
 27. rd ircpl nvXov l'n-oX€|X6LTO, passive for ra -irepl rhv IIvXov iroXc- 
 jxsiv, to carry on the war about Pylus (G. 198). — o'iT6ri . . . eti], belongs oidy 
 
154 . THUCYDIDES. 
 
 to the preceding clause, except, in case of a wind, Spc. (G. 233). — ipSo}!,'^- 
 xovra, see § 17. 
 
 Page 1201. — €l' Tis irapaTre'crot (sc. Kaipos), in case one should occuf 
 (G. 226, 4, N. 1), not an indirect question. — (atrn . . . o-«o-ai, connected 
 with Kaipdv. 
 
 28. 6ti (i,'f| |i.(a, except one; here (Jti was originally the relative 8 ti, 
 and the ellipsis was 6 ti p,-i^ rjv p.ta {none which was not one). — oiov eiKc-s 
 vScop, such water as was to he expected (i. e. on the coast, lirl rfj 6aXdcr<rr] ) . 
 
 — at jJL€v . . . wpp,ovv, i. e. some of the ships came near the shore for the 
 crews to take their meals, while others were anchored at some distance 
 from the shore. 
 
 29. oiis, causal, = cird o.vrov% (G. 238). — T|p.€pwv (G. 179, 1). — ev 
 v^oTU), sc. ovrag. — al'riov fjv (G. Vdb, N. 4). — tov PouX6|X€vov, quemvis, 
 subject of e<rd*y€iv. — dXtiXeo-jxe'vov, v. dXe'w (G. 102). — Ta^avTcs, &c., 
 having fixed [its price] at a large sum, i. e. offering a high price fi)r it. — ^ eca- 
 ■yaYovyt, past to the future idea of giving implied in x)iri(rxvoi)}JL£vot. — ttjs 
 vifio-ov, partitive genitive. 
 
 30. CT-Zipovv dv€p.{{) KaTa<j>€p€<r0ai, they watched [for a chance] to he car- 
 ried in hy the wind : opposed to 6crot Be . . . T|Xt(rKOVTO. The intermediate 
 words explain dvejiw KaTa<J>€p€(r0ai. — rots Be, as if rots y-iv (referring to 
 the Athenians) had preceded diropov. — drj>€L8T|s, reckless, without regard lu 
 risk : the following clause with -ydp gives the reason of their recklessness. 
 
 — T€Ti|jni}i€va xp^iH-o-TCDV, rated in money, i. e. since it was understood that 
 a certain sum would be paid for them if they were injured (G. 142, 3). — 
 oi oTrXirai, i, e. of the besieged. — e<})uXaorcrov, were watching (for them). — 
 Kara tov Xip.€'va, i. e. on the side of the great harbor. — KaXcuStw, hy a cord, 
 diminutive of KdXtos. — \i-f\K(av a, poppy -seed, which mixed with honey was 
 taken to relieve hunger. — Xtvov (r-jrep jxa, flax-seed. 
 
 Page 202* — <r({>ds (G. 144, 2) is the object of XavOdveiv, to which tovs 
 eo-TreixirovTas or to €o-Trc(nr€iv is understood as subject. 
 
 31. T'fiv <})vXaKi?|v cTriXdPoi, might come upon their hlockade. — ^yovTas Tt 
 Icxvpov, having some strong ground of confidence. — 8e|d|Ji€voi (G. 277, 2). 
 
 32. KtoXufJiT]?, see § 24. — TavTa ots Sie'PaXXev = TavTa IkcIvois ov's 
 
 (G. 1.53, N. 1). — for the case of elirtov and il/evS-^s, see G. 138, N. 8. — 
 4>avifio-€(r0at may depend on dvaYKao-0ir|o-€Tai, in the exceptional construc- 
 tion noticed in G. 202, 3 (see Greek Moods and Tenses, § 27, n. 2, a) ; or 
 it may depend on -yvovs irregularly, and by a change of construction. — 
 Kttl ctfpp.T]|i£vovs . . . 7vw|XT), cvcn somewhat more inclined in mind. — dTrco-q- 
 |xaiv£v, he alluded. — ^aSiov ctvai depends on the idea of saying implied 
 either in dTr€<r'<][iaiv€v or in ciriTificiiv. — irapao-Kevf], ivith a (proper) force. 
 
 — €1 &v8pes €t€v, if the generals were men, representing cl &v8pes €l<rtv of the 
 direct form (like el fi-^ irio-Tevov<ri and el 8ok€i above) ; not the same with 
 el dv8p€S '?io-av. — awds "y' &v . . . irotfjo-ai tovto, he would have done thi& 
 himself, if he had been in command. See G. 211 and 222 (Troifjcrat dv = 
 Vot-qca dv). — avT^s is adjective (G. 145, 1) ; for its case see G. 138, N. 8. 
 
 ^ 
 
TIIUCYDIDES. IT) 5 
 
 33. €s rhv KXiiava, against Cleon. — 8 ti oi . . . irX^ti, [uskint,'] m% hf: 
 did not sail, even as things stood. — el 4>atv€Tai, {'/"// ayprtind, mij^ht have 
 been el ^aivoiro, like el . . . elev in § 32. — to eirl o-4>ds tlvai, so far as thfy 
 (the generals) loere concerned (G. 268, N. ). — d4)i€vai, ri'signfd. — -irapa- 
 Saa-dovra. (desiderative of irapaStSajpi), wished to transfer it [the com- 
 mand]. 
 
 Page 203. — ovk '4^r] . . . trTpaTrryetv (G. 138, N. 8). — ovk Slv o\.6\Lt- 
 vos • . . To\p.Tio-ai, here ToX(ifj<rai dv = ToX|JLT|<r€i€v &v (G. 211) : compare 
 iroif](rai dv in § 32. 
 
 34. e|av€Xwpei (transitive), sought to escape from ivhat he had said. — ovk 
 '4x<av Sirws . . . l^airaXXa'yf], indirect question for ttws elairaXXa-yw ; (G. 241), 
 not knowing how he should longer evade, Spc. — oiin 4)oPeicr0ai . . . irXtucreo-Oaf 
 Te XaPwv, kc. represents oiin <^o^ov\Lai . . . irX€iJcro|j.ai re Xa^wv, &c., of 
 tlie direct form ; so below, ravra ^X"^ ^ ^C" . . . i] avrov diroKTevw. For 
 XaP^v and 'ix<av see G. 138, N. 8. — 'dK re A'lvov, from Atnos, on the co:x.st 
 of Thrace ; this re would naturally stand after ireXTao-rds. — ^a-av ^i^0T\- 
 Ot^KOTes, periphrastic pluperfect (G. 118, 4). — avrov, on the sjjot. — 
 do-p.^vois e'-yt'yveTO, were pleased with what had happened, lit. it happened to 
 them pleased (G. 184, 3, N. 6). — tov ere'pov, one or the other (of two). — 
 diraXXa-yiio-eo-Gat depends (in sense) on Xo-yi^o|jLe'vois, being in aj)position 
 with Tev^co-6at. — yjixpd>(To.a-Qa.K would regularly stand in the same con- 
 struction (i. e. in the future), but it depends on the idea of hoping implied 
 in the preceding words (see G. 203, n. 2) : tran.slate 't\ o-<})aXeio-i . . . x«i- 
 pwo-ao-Oai, or, if they should be disappointed in this calculation (i. e. in getting 
 rid of Cleon), [liojjing] to get the Lacedaemonians into their hands. — o-4>a- 
 Xeio-i = el <r^aX€t|X€V (G. 226, 1). 
 
 35. Siairpd^afjievos and irpooreXofJievos belong to KXe'tov understood. — 
 irpoo--eXd}i€VOs, taking, in addition to himself; so '7rpo<r-€'XaP€. — wpji7]VT0, 
 were eager. — p«p,T]v . . . irape'o-xtv, also the burning of the island gace him 
 encouragement. — o-TpaTOire'Sw follows irpoo-pdXX.ovTas. — pXairxeiv &v de- 
 pends on evojJLi^e, to be supplied from the preceding clause. 
 
 Page 204. — 36. rots eo-xaToisirpoo-io-xovTaslG. 138, N, 8) : the Athe- 
 nians were oblioed to land on the edge of the island to take their meals. — 8id 
 irpo4>vXaKfjS, under guard (lit. an outpost). — Kara fiiKpbv tt)9 vXt^s, a sumh 
 extent of the forest: cf. exl iroXv, § 4, above, and note. — ^XaBe KaraKavBtv 
 (G. 279, 2) : for [Kat] see below. — €Xd<ro-oo-i,/or a less number than thry 
 pretended : virovowv (with Trporepov) is imperfect participle (G. 204, N. 1). 
 — TT|v T€ vT^o-ov . . . oSo-ttv : this clause is transferred from its usual place 
 after iroieio-Gat by Classen, on Kriiger's suggestion : Kai above is enclosed 
 in brackets by Classen. Without these changes the passage is hardly 
 intelligible. — d^idxpcwv . . . iroieto-9ai, i. e. a thing which deseiTed greater 
 pains on the part of the Athenians. 
 
 37. «s ij^wv (G. 280, N. 4). — &|ia -yevdiievoi = |vveX0dvT€S. — <r4)io-i, 
 the Athenians. — KeXeveiv irapaSovvai depends on irpoKaXovtxevoi, but is 
 also understood with PovXotvro : summoning them, iftheij wished, to command. 
 
156 THUCYDIDES. 
 
 (fr. — €4>* Vj ^'^ condition that (G. 236, n. 2) : r'r\pi\u-ovTa\., as passive. — 
 |vp,pa0fj : the active would be crvjiPaiveiv ti, to make some agreement (G. 159, 
 N. 2). See §§ 55, 56. — wktos, i. e. before daybreak, included in ttj 
 {i(rT€paia. — oXt-yov belongs to irpb ttis toi. — rfjs vtjo-ov, partitive genitive 
 after iKareptoGcv, which implies that they landed y5-07/i both sides. 
 
 38. wSe, as follows. — 8L€T€T.dxa.To(G.118, 5, N.). — Kal ojiaXcoTardv t€ 
 Kal ircpl TO v8«p, and what was at the same time (re) most level and near the 
 u-ater. — avro To^o-xaTov, the very farthest [corner] of the island, explained 
 by TO irpbs ttjv HvXov. 
 
 Page 205. — Xi9wv (G. 167, 4). — XoycLStiv: see § 5. — €l . . . KaTa- 
 Xap,pdvoi, i. e. if they should be driven to a forced retreat ; jSiaioTc'pa : the 
 comparative implies greater compulsion than they then had reason to ex- 
 pect. 
 
 39. ots €Tre'8pa|xov (G. 187), see Spofxcp, end of § 37 : emTpexw in this 
 sense may take the accusative. — XaBovTes t'^jv a.-rro^aa-iv, not being pei-ceived 
 in their landing (G. 160, 1) : although this belongs to 'A0T]vai:ot, it is 
 connected by Kat to the other descriptive clause ^v tc Tais evvats '^Tt, 
 which refers to <{>vXaKa9. — avTwv refers to <j)vXaKas : the participial clause 
 is more prominent in the genitive absolute than if the jiarticiple agi-eed 
 vdth its noun. — cs ^tjjopjxov : see § 27. — dfia Be 'i(o (G. 186). —QaXa- 
 \d(av : these were the rowers of the lowest bench of a trireme, those of the 
 upper and middle benches being called GpaviTai and ^D-yiTai. — us ^Kao-TOi 
 (sc. '^TDXov), in various ivays. — KaTcixov (neuter), wei'e stationed. 
 
 40. Si^o-TVjo-av, divided themselves — irpbs B ti dvTid^covTai, indirect 
 question (G. 244). — d|J.(jjtpoXoi, ])roperly, in a position in which they 
 \\(-w attacked on every side (TrayTayoSev PaXXd[JL€voi) ; here perhaps simply 
 in perplexity, not knowing which way to turn: see § 47, below. — CKaTCpwOtv : 
 on either side. 
 
 41. 01 irepi (G. 141, x. 3). — Sirep •fjv TrXeto-TOv = to frXeioTTOv, or ot 
 irXctoTTOi, the greater part. — e| IvavTias, in front of them, opposed to €k 
 n-XaYLOv, on the sides. — ovtoi, i. e. oi b-irXiTai, called ckclvoi below. 
 
 Page 206. — irpoo-KeoiVTO (G. 233; see 127, VI.). — Kal ol', and they 
 (G. 151, N. 3). — irpoXaHLpdvovTes tt^s <^v7fis, getting the start in fight (lit. 
 securing beforehand a part of their fight), like TrpoXap-Pdveiv Tf]s bSoii 
 (G. 170), — TpaxeW ovtcov, sc. twv x^^pLaJV, expressing the cause of irpo- 
 KaTaXa|xpdvovT6S, and connected by KaC to the causal dative xa^eiroT-qTi. 
 - — oirXa, i. e. the heavy arms of oTrXiTat. 
 
 42. irpoo-iriirToiev, sc. ot \|/iXoi (G. 233). — ovtos (G. 280). — tw d|j.v- 
 vto-9ai, in their defence. — vcwo-tI K€Kav}i€vns, see § 36. — Ix^pct iroXvs 
 &v<a, rose thick. — to irpb avTOv, what was before him, avrov referring to Ttvd 
 understood as subject of ISeiv. 
 
 43. TTiXot, cuirasses of fit (Liddell and Scott), or perhaps "stuffed cloth- 
 ing of wool or felt " (Grote). — ^o-t€70v, ivere proof against : trriyta (cf. Latin 
 itego) means to keep out what is outside (as applied to a ship which does 7ici 
 
 ^ 
 
THUCYDIDES. 157 
 
 kak), or to hold a liquid without leaking. — Pa\Xo|x€va)v, mhen tliPi/ {{he 
 Lacedaemonians) were hit. — ovSev . . . •xp-f]<ra(rQai, compare rt toutois 
 Xpil(ro(iaL ; (G. 188, 1, N. 2). — toO irpoopav ((i. 20*2, 2): rfj 6»|/tt nd.ls 
 little to the meaning of irpoopdv, to look foncard with the. sif/hf. — kivSvvov 
 T€ . . . Kttl ovK ^xovTts, tliese two clauses denote the circuinslancf-s of what 
 precedes (G. 277, 6). — Ka0' 6 ri . . . o-w0fivai, indirect ([uestion depend- 
 ing on eXirtStt ; the idea being, they were in despair when they thought 
 how they could defend themselves and be saved. 
 
 44. ava(rTp€<j>eo-0at (like Latin versari), to more about in a lAac.o ; som^- 
 times simply to be. — ^vyKX-rjo-avrts, closinr/ their ranks, funning a clone 
 body. — IviSoa-av, gave way, retired. — iroXXw (G. 188, 2). 
 
 Page S07. — irapu. irdv, sc. toO epTjjxaTos. — "fl'Tep ^jv cirtjiaxov refer.s 
 to irapa irdv, as if this were an adverb like iravraxin' 
 
 45. X'^P^o^ '^o'X^'-j owinr/ to the strength of the place. — ireoioSov aurcov Kal 
 KtJKXtocTLv ovK €l\ov = TTepiie'vai avToiis Kal KVKXovcrOat ovk elx.ov : with tlui 
 verbal nouns ^X" bas the same force as with tlu^ infinitive. For avrcov, sco 
 G. 167, 3. — c| evavTias, in front, i. e. directly upon them — coo-acrGai., like 
 IgeXdo-acrGai below.- — <r(^(»v ttjs KUKXuxretos, like avrcov kvkXwotlv above. — 
 es rd -irXd-yLa, the act of surrounding, kvkXwo-is, implies an attack upon the 
 sides (G. 191, n. 6). 
 
 46. dire'pavTov "^v, it (the business) was endless. — ^({)t], &c. : the direct 
 discoiirse would be : dXXtos (m vain) irovoviiev ti(1£is • el Se PovXecrSs ep-ol 
 8ovvai . . . pi^pos Tt, irepiie'vai (G. 265) . . . 68c3 ^ dv avrbs tvpco, jokw 
 pi,dora<r0ai. (/ have a mind to force) T-i\v fe't|)oSov. When Sokw lias this 
 meaning, the dependent infinitive does not stand in iinlircct discourse 
 (G. 202 and 203). — Kara vwtov avrois, in their rear (G. 184, 3, x. 4). — 
 Kara to ae\ irapeiKov . . . VT](rov, i. e. wherever he could Jind a place which 
 offered a foothold on the steep cliffs of the island ; dei being used as in 6 dii 
 PacriXcvs, whoever was king. — rrepiikBuv ^Xa0tv, he got round unobserved 
 (G. 279, 4). — ToiJS H^'v, the Lacedaemonians; to-us Be, his friends. — tw 
 d8oKT|Ta), by the unexpected act, or by the unexpectedness of the act (G. 139, 2). 
 
 47. "yL-YvofJievoi . . . ^vfxiTTwjxaTi, falling into the same mischance : (rv\i- 
 irT<ii\La. (rare in classic Greek) means properly the coincidence of one thing 
 with another (whence our symptom) ; then accident, mischance. — ws {Iko,- 
 o-at (G. 268). — r<x> Iv 0€p[i,OTriiXa,is, sc. Ivfi-irTcojiaTi, depending on rui av- 
 Tw (G. 186). — ovTol, re corresponds to cKeivot t€, and the following words 
 (through {)-n-£)(_copovv) belong to it, leaving ot Aa»ceEai.}x-.vioi. without a 
 verb. — TToXXoLS re . . . K-al d<r0cveta crcjp,dTwv gives two n-asons for 
 hire^otpovv, and 8id Ti]v <riTo8e{av gives the reason for aa-Qivda. 
 
 48. -yvovs (G. § 138, N. 2, b) would regularly have been -yvovTcs : see 
 ^iravo-av. (G. 135, N. 1.) 
 
 Page 208. — 8ti . . . 8ia(|>0apTi<rop,€Vovs : after -yvovs we might have 
 either Sti 8ia<}>0apTiorovTai (-o-olvto) or 8ta<|)0api]o-op,€vovs without 8ti 
 (G. 280) ; a mixture of constructions like this in so simple a sentence prob- 
 ably comes from mere carelessness. — d itcds IrriKXaa-QiUv (G. 226, 4, n. 1 ; 
 
158 THUCYDIDES. 
 
 248, 2), in case they should he hroken in spirit: if [to, SirXa TrapaSovvai] is 
 not an interpolation here (as it seems to be), it must depend on the idea 
 of compulsion or persuasion implied in the preceding words. — tov Seivov 
 (G. 175, 2), — irapaSouvat may depend on 6KT)pv|av or on PovXoivto (or 
 on both) : either they proclaimed (to them) to, surrender, ^c, if they wished ; 
 or they proclaimed (to them), if they wished to swrender, S^c, to do so. — 
 «(rT€ PovXcvo-ai, on condition that (G. 266, 2) they (the Athenians) should 
 determine. — 6 ri . . . Soktj (G. 232, 3). — irapfiKav . . . dvto-ewrav, lowered 
 their shields and waved their hands, to signify assent. — Trpocrleo-Gai, assent to 
 (lit. admit) : the participial construction common with 8t]\6ci) (G. 280) is 
 not used here, as the expression 8t]Xovvt6s Trpoo-icjievoi would be awkward. 
 
 49. €K€tva)v, the Lacedaemonians. — e<})T)pT|(X€'vov, chosen as successor 
 (liri-). — el . . . irdtrxoiev, /« case anything should happen to those (the other 
 two). 
 
 50. SiaKt^pvKsucrao-Oai, to send heralds over (8ia-), implying to ask; on 
 which idea 5 ti . . . iroieiv depends. — fcxeivcov . . . d4>€'vTwv, the Athenians 
 not letting any one of them (the Lacedaemonians) go on this errand. — dTrT|-y- 
 ■yeiXcv 6x1 (G. 241, 1, end) : the quotation is here direct, and 8ti is not to 
 be translated. — |it]8€v alo-vpbv 'iTO\.ovvrcL% provided ye do nothing disgraceful. 
 
 51. 8i€K0}xi(ravT0, earned their dead over (Cia-) to the mainland. 
 
 Page 209. — 52. oktw, genitive with diroSeovTcs (G. 77, 2). — S-rrap- 
 
 Tidrai : of the 292 prisoners, about 120 were full-blooded Spartan citizens, 
 some of them of the first families in Sparta ; the others were Lacedaemo- 
 nian perioeci (see note on §8). — ov o-raSta, not a regular hand-to-hand 
 battle, pugna stataria. — iv als . . . dirrjeo-av, while the amhassadois went 
 away ; but the emendation dirfjo-av, were absent, is generally accepted here. 
 — XdGpa, as described in § 30. — evSeeo-rtpcos . . . €^ov<riav, i. e. more spar- 
 ingly than the state of his supplies required. 
 
 53. dTTept], was fulfilled (lit. came out). — <5.'<r7r€p vire'o-Tr], as he undertook 
 to do : see § 34. — |idXio-Ta qualifies irapd -yvcojxT^v. — I'jiiovv . . . irapa- 
 So-Ovai, i. e. they did not think it possible for the Lacedaemonians to sur- 
 render their arms (lit. they did not expect the Lacedaemonians to surrender, 
 ^x.). — diroOvi^o-Ke'.v, sc. tj|Iovv. 
 
 54. p.T! elvat (G. 283, 6). — Kai tlvos . . . tc5v gv|x|j.dxwv : Thucydides 
 seems to wish to relieve the Athenian citizens from the chaige. — 8i' d\0 ,- 
 8ova, to annoy him. — A . . . Kd"ya9oi : the question was asked in a way 
 which implied that those who were not killed were not KaXoi •Ao.yo.QoL — 
 €tvai dv = ^\v dv. — Tov drpaKTOv, the shaft, us<ed both for a spindle and 
 for an arrow ; the words Xe'Ywv tov oIcttov imply that drpaKTOs was not 
 the common Attic name for arrow. — 6 kvTvyyJi.viav . . . XiGois, he who hap- 
 pened to he struck by (lit. he who met with) stones, Sfc. 
 
 Page 210. — 55. fxeypt ov xi ^vp-Pwo-iv (G. 239, n. 1), until they should 
 have come to some (xi) agreement: see § 37 (ff-u[ji.pa0f]). — e^&^a-yovxes 
 
THUCYDIDES. 150 
 
 (G. 138, X. 8). — ws Is trarpCBa TavTT)v, for cs TavTT]v (is €s iraTp^Sa, to Ix? 
 joined with ir^H\|/avTes. These " Messcnians of >.'aui.a<tu.s " win- scttk-d 
 in this place (in Ozolian Locris, north of the Corintliian Gulf) by the 
 Athenians, who took them under their protection after the surn-nder of 
 Ithome (in Messenia) in 455 B. C. (For tlie revolt of the Helots and the 
 long siege of Ithome, see Grote, Chap. XLV.) — o{5o-tis, shown hyiror^ to 
 he imperfect (G. 204, n. 1), which ivas a part,^'c. See § 4, above; and 
 d]Aa06is 6vT€s, below. — 6|i6c})cavoi, of the same (Greek) dialect. 
 
 56. (x^ . . . Tt v€wT€pi(r9f], lest some revolution of still greater marjnitude 
 should be stirred up for them in the country : this represents an active con- 
 struction v€a)T€pi^eiv Ti Twv Kara ri\v yupav, to revolutionize some of tlie 
 affairs in the conntri/. For <r<j>io-i, see G. 184, 3, N. 4. — ?v8t]X.oi elvat : 
 a participle is understood, to be supplied from ov paSiws ^<j)€pov ((J. 280, 
 N, 1). — KOfii^eo-Sai, to recover. — <J)oitwvtwv, genitive aV)solute with a ])ro- 
 noun to be sup|)lied from avrovs. See note on § 39, above. — dirpdiKTovs, 
 active, — ovSev irpdlavTas. 
 
 In the year after the taking of Sphacteria (b. c. 424), the historian 
 Thucydides was appointed to a command in Thrace, where he had a 
 family estate in a district rich in gold mines. While he was in com- 
 mand, Amphipolis was suddenly attacked by the Spartan Brasidae. 
 Thucydides was summoned to bring aid ; but Brasidas entered Am- 
 phipolis a few hours before Thucydides with his fleet sailed into the 
 mouth of the Strymon, at Eion, about three miles below Amphipolis. 
 For this misfortune or fault the historian was banished from Athens. 
 Ills exile (of " twenty years," as he says) he spent in regions vnider 
 the Spartan rule, chiefly in Peloponnesus, gathering the materials of 
 his history. His death took place about b. c. 401, when he was near 
 the age of seventy. 
 
N 
 
 INDEX 
 
 TO THE SYNTAX OF GOODWIN'S ELEMENTARY GREEK GRAMMAR, WITH 
 PARALLEL REFERENCES TO HADLEY'S AND CROSBY'S GRAMMARS. 
 
 Goodwin. 
 
 Hadley. 
 
 Crosby, 
 
 1871. 
 
 Goodwin. 
 
 Hadley. 
 
 Crosby, 1871 
 
 § 133 
 
 485 
 
 57 s 
 
 
 § 157, 
 
 1 
 
 539 
 
 400 
 
 134 
 
 485 
 
 400, 571, 666 s 
 
 
 2 
 
 543 
 
 484 
 
 135, 1 
 
 497 
 
 568 
 
 
 158 
 
 
 544 
 
 472 
 
 2 
 
 515 
 
 569 
 
 
 159 
 
 
 547 
 
 477 s 
 
 3 
 
 514 
 
 493 s 
 
 
 160, 
 
 1 
 
 549 
 
 481 
 
 136 
 
 540 
 
 59 a, 
 
 393 b 
 
 
 2 
 
 552 
 
 483 
 
 137 
 
 499 
 
 393 s 
 
 
 161 
 
 
 550 
 
 482 
 
 N. 1 
 
 675 
 
 394 c 
 
 
 162 
 
 
 551 
 
 472 g 
 
 2 
 
 500 
 
 393 d 
 
 
 163 
 
 
 545 
 
 476 d 
 
 3 
 
 501 
 
 396 
 
 
 164 
 
 
 553 
 
 480 c 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 394 b 
 
 
 165 
 
 
 553 
 
 480 b 
 
 138 
 
 498 
 
 504, 493 s 
 
 166 
 
 
 556 
 
 480 a 
 
 139, 1 
 
 493 
 
 506 
 
 
 167 
 
 
 558 
 
 435 s 
 
 2 
 
 495 
 
 507 
 
 
 168 
 
 
 559 
 
 415 3 
 
 140 
 
 524 
 
 516 s 
 
 
 169 
 
 
 570 
 
 421 3 
 
 141 
 
 525 
 
 520 s 
 
 
 170 
 
 
 574 
 
 423 s 
 
 N. 1 
 
 530 
 
 522 s 
 
 
 171, 
 
 1 
 
 576 
 
 424 s 
 
 2 
 
 527 
 
 530 e 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 432 
 
 3 
 
 492 
 
 526 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 407 
 
 4 
 
 509 
 
 527 3 
 
 
 172 
 
 
 575 
 
 414 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 527 
 
 
 173, 
 
 1 
 
 577 
 
 429 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 664 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 431c 
 
 142, 1 
 
 538 
 
 523, 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 429 f 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 523, 2, 
 
 3 
 
 174 
 
 
 579 
 
 404 3 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 523 b 
 
 
 175 
 
 
 585 
 
 408 
 
 4 
 
 538 
 
 524 
 
 
 176 
 
 
 582 
 
 412 
 
 143 
 
 525 
 
 518 s 
 
 
 177 
 
 
 583 
 
 699 
 
 144, 1 
 
 667 
 
 536 
 
 
 178 
 
 
 578 
 
 431 
 
 2 
 
 668 
 
 539 
 
 
 179 
 
 
 591 
 
 433 
 
 145 
 
 669 
 
 540 s 
 
 
 180 
 
 
 587 
 
 444 
 
 146 
 
 670 
 
 537 
 
 
 181 
 
 
 587 
 
 437 b 
 
 147 
 
 675 
 
 538 
 
 
 182 
 
 
 588 
 
 445 
 
 148 
 
 678 
 
 542 s 
 
 
 183 
 
 
 790 
 
 675 
 
 149 
 
 682 
 
 564 
 
 
 184 
 
 
 594 
 
 452 s 
 
 150 
 
 683 
 
 548 
 
 
 185 
 
 
 595 
 
 452 s 
 
 151 
 
 503 
 
 549 s 
 
 
 186 
 
 
 603 
 
 449 3 
 
 152 
 
 510 
 
 551 
 
 
 187 
 
 
 605 
 
 699 
 
 N. 1 
 
 811 
 
 551 f 
 
 
 188, 
 
 1 
 
 606 
 
 466 s 
 
 2 
 
 812 
 
 559 a 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 610 
 
 468 
 
 153 
 
 818 
 
 554 s 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 600 
 
 461 
 
 154 
 
 817 
 
 551 s 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 600 
 
 458 
 
 155 
 
 815 
 
 564 b 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 604 
 
 465 3 
 
 156 
 
 808 
 
 562 
 
 
 189 
 
 
 613 
 
 469 a 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Goodwin . 
 
 Hadley. 
 
 Crosby, 1871. 
 
 Goodwin. 
 
 Iladley. 
 
 Crooby, 1871 
 
 § 190 
 
 
 612 
 
 469 b 
 
 § 236 
 
 
 710 f, 8.35 
 
 a 642 
 
 191 
 
 
 614 
 
 688 s 
 
 237 
 
 
 771, 875 f 
 
 671 d 
 
 192 
 
 
 620 
 
 688 a 
 
 238 
 
 
 822 
 
 5")S ri 
 
 193 
 
 
 614 
 
 699 
 
 239 
 
 
 75,5, 758 
 
 641 d 
 
 194 
 
 
 — 
 
 685 8 
 
 240 
 
 
 771 
 
 703 d 
 
 195 
 
 
 684 
 
 577 
 
 241 
 
 
 733 s 
 
 62 k 
 
 196 
 
 
 693 
 
 30 a 
 
 242 
 
 
 735, 783 
 
 643 e 
 
 197 
 
 
 693 
 
 586 s 
 
 243 
 
 
 735 s 
 
 643 j; 
 
 198 
 
 
 694 b 
 
 586 
 
 244 
 
 
 737 
 
 647 
 
 199 
 
 
 687 
 
 578 s 
 
 245 
 
 
 735 c, 736 
 
 a 646 
 
 200 
 
 
 695 
 
 590 s 
 
 246 
 
 
 714, 783 
 
 659 s 
 
 N. 
 
 1 
 
 699 
 
 609 
 
 247 
 
 
 738 
 
 643 s 
 
 
 2 
 
 702 
 
 594 
 
 248 
 
 
 729, 731 
 
 643 e 
 
 
 3 
 
 698 
 
 612 
 
 249 
 
 
 863 b 
 
 701 i 
 
 
 4 
 
 699 
 
 604 
 
 250 
 
 
 869,677,7 
 
 31 701 j 
 
 638 
 
 
 5 
 
 701 
 
 591s 
 
 251 
 
 
 721, 8.34 
 
 
 6 
 
 712 
 
 268 
 
 252 
 
 
 723, 755 
 
 655 s 
 
 
 7 
 
 — 
 
 609 s 
 
 253 
 
 
 720 a, 833 
 
 628 a 
 
 
 8 
 
 — 
 
 597 
 
 254 
 
 
 720 b, 723 
 
 a 628 c 
 
 
 9 
 
 — 
 
 601 
 
 255 
 
 
 720 e 
 
 617 b 
 
 201 
 
 
 696 
 
 — 
 
 256 
 
 
 720 c 
 
 647 
 
 202 
 
 
 720 
 
 590 s 
 
 257 
 
 
 845 
 
 627 
 
 203 
 
 
 733 
 
 643 s, 659 s 
 
 258 
 
 
 763 
 
 663 3 
 
 204 
 
 
 788 
 
 660 
 
 259 
 
 
 763, 778 
 
 663 a 
 
 205, 
 
 1 
 
 697 
 
 602 
 
 260 
 
 
 764 
 
 663 d 
 
 
 2 
 
 707 
 
 606 
 
 261 
 
 
 767 
 
 663 (1, e 
 
 206 
 
 
 746 
 
 616 
 
 262 
 
 
 780-82 
 
 663 f 
 
 207 
 
 
 744 
 
 618 
 
 263 
 
 
 580, 764 
 
 664, 713 
 
 208 
 
 
 745 
 
 620 
 
 264 
 
 
 778 
 
 522 d 
 
 209 
 
 
 747 
 
 619 
 
 265 
 
 
 765 
 
 664 
 
 210 
 
 
 748 
 
 618 
 
 266 
 
 
 770 
 
 671 
 
 211 
 
 
 783 
 
 658 a 
 
 267 
 
 
 813 
 
 671 
 
 212 
 
 
 757 
 
 621 s 
 
 268 
 
 
 772 
 
 66.5, 671 < 
 
 -213 
 
 
 719 
 
 613 s 
 
 269 
 
 
 784 
 
 670 
 
 214 
 
 
 727 
 
 623 
 
 270 
 
 
 508 b 
 
 670 
 
 215 
 
 
 739 
 
 624 s 
 
 271 
 
 
 id. 
 
 670 a 
 
 216 
 
 
 739 
 
 624 p, 650 
 
 272 
 
 
 779, 541 
 
 670 b 
 
 217 
 
 
 756 
 
 624 b 
 
 273 
 
 
 508 b 
 
 669 
 
 218 
 
 
 743 
 
 624 s, 650 
 
 274 
 
 
 769 
 
 703 d 
 
 219 
 
 
 732 
 
 631 s 
 
 275 
 
 
 785 
 
 673 
 
 220 
 
 
 745 
 
 631 s 
 
 276, 
 
 1 
 
 785 
 
 678 
 
 221 
 
 
 744 
 
 631 a 
 
 
 2 
 
 786 
 
 678 
 
 222 
 
 
 746 
 
 631b 
 
 277 
 
 
 788 
 
 674 
 
 223 
 
 
 747 
 
 631 c 
 
 278 
 
 
 790 
 
 675 
 
 224 
 
 
 748 
 
 631 d 
 
 279 
 
 
 796 
 
 677 
 
 225 
 
 
 729 b, 749 
 
 a 634 
 
 280 
 
 
 803 
 
 659, 677 
 
 226 
 
 
 751,722,7 
 
 83 635 s 
 
 281 
 
 
 804 
 
 682, 3 
 
 227 
 
 
 750 
 
 649 s 
 
 282 
 
 
 824 
 
 687 
 
 228 
 
 
 830 
 
 639 
 
 283, 
 
 1 
 
 832 
 
 686 b 
 
 229 
 
 
 755 
 
 549 
 
 
 2 
 
 833 
 
 686 a 
 
 230 
 
 
 755 
 
 640 
 
 
 3 
 
 837 
 
 686 c 
 
 231 
 
 
 757 
 
 641 
 
 
 4 
 
 835 
 
 686 d 
 
 232 
 
 
 761, 757 s 
 
 641 
 
 
 5 
 
 840 
 
 686 e 
 
 233 
 
 
 758 
 
 641 
 
 
 6 
 
 838 
 
 713 d 
 
 234 
 
 
 759, 738 
 
 641 
 
 
 7 
 
 846 
 
 713 f 
 
 235 
 
 
 760 d 
 
 649 
 
 
 8 
 
 843 
 
 713 a, j 
 
SOME OF THE IMPORTANT DATES UF GEEEK HISTORY. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Legislation of Solon 
 
 Tyranny of Pisistratus and his Sons . 
 Conquest of Asia Minor by Cyrus .... 
 Hippias, son of Pisistratus, expelled . 
 Democratic Constitution of Clistlienes 
 
 Ionic Revolt in Asia Minor 
 
 Defeat of the Revolt : Miletus taken 
 First Persian Invasion : Battle of Marathon 
 Invasion of Xerxes : Thermopylae and Artemisium (July), 
 Salamis (September) .... 
 
 Battles of Plataea and Mycale 
 
 Athens fortified by Themistocles .... 
 
 Confederacy of Delos ...... 
 
 Cimon banished : Ascendency of Pericles . 
 Thirty Years' Truce between Athens and Sparta 
 Peloponnesian War 
 
 Death of Pericles ...... 
 
 Seditions at Corcyra ..... 
 
 Pylus and Sphacteria ..... 
 
 Peace of Nicias (Truce for Fifty Years) 
 
 Sicilian Expedition ...... 
 
 Revolution at Athens : Oligarchy of 400 
 
 Sea-Fight at Arginusae ..... 
 
 Battle of Aegospotami ..... 
 
 Capture of Athens : Thirty Tyrants . 
 Athenian Democracy restored .... 
 
 Retreat of the Ten Thousand 
 
 Death of Socrates ...... 
 
 Battle of Leuctra : Spartans defeated by Epaminondas 
 Battle of Mantinea : Death of Epaminondas 
 Accession of Philip of Macedon .... 
 
 Phocian or Sacred War ..... 
 
 Amphissean Sacred War ...... 
 
 Battle of Chaeronea : Death of Isocrates 
 Death of Philip : Accession of Alexander 
 Campaign of Alexander : Conquest of Persia . 
 
 Death of Alexander 
 
 Death of Demosthenes 
 
 B. c. 594 
 
 560-510 
 
 . 546 
 
 510 
 
 . 507 
 
 500 
 
 . 494 
 
 490 
 
 480 
 . 479 
 
 478 
 (about) 477 
 
 461 
 . 445 
 431-404 
 . 429 
 
 427 
 . 425 
 
 421 
 415-413 
 
 411 
 . 406 
 
 405 
 . 404 
 
 403 
 . 400 
 
 399 
 . 371 
 
 362 
 
 . 360 
 
 357-346 
 
 . 339 
 
 338 
 
 . 336 
 
 334-330 
 
 . 323 
 
 322 
 
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