THE RAY SOCIETY. INSTITUTED MDCCCXLIV. > This volume is issued to the Subscribers to the BAY SOCIETY for the Year 1865. LONDON: MDCCCLXV. THE BRITISH HEMIPTERA. VOL. I. HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA. BY JOHN WILLIAM DOUGLAS, AND JOHN SCOTT. LONDON: PUBLISHED FOB THE BAY SOCIETY BY ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192, PICCADILLY. MDCCCLXT. J. K. 4.DLAKD, PttlNTEB. BAJliHOLOMEW CLOSI. PKEFACE, THE object of the present volume is to furnish British entomo- logists with descriptions of the indigenous Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Hitherto only a few species have "been described or figured by British authors, and to the consequent difficulty of naming their captures may probably be attributed the indifference with which this order of insects has been regarded by British collectors. The collections are few and imperfect, and either only in part or incor- rectly named, the national collection in the British Museum being no exception. On the Continent, on the contrary, the order has received great attention from eminent authors, and we have had to refer to their works for information ; the latest, and those to which we are most indebted, being by Fieber and Flor. Fieber' s * Europaischen Hemiptera,' published in 1861, con- taining descriptions of all the European species, is the condensed result of a lifetime of observation, and will ever remain a monu- ment of methodised labour and the genius of the author. "We fear, nevertheless, that the exigencies of the "Analytic Method" adopted have often led the author to exaggerate the importance of specific differences, and to create unnecessary genera. From some of his conclusions in this respect we have been compelled to dissent, and frequently, where we have adopted his genera, it has been rather from an intense dislike to add to the overburdened nomenclature by making new generic names for combinations of his genera, than from the conviction that they are necessary divisions. On the other hand, V1 PREFACE. it may be that the discovery of many new and allied species would show that his prescience had, in some instances, seized upon the requisite generic characters. Flor's Ehynchoten Livlands,' published in 1860, is worked out in a masterly manner and with a philosophic conception, but from a different point of view to Fieber's work. Having more limited materials to deal with, the author has given more full and me- thodical descriptions ; he has aimed at making as few genera as possible, and has, consequently, placed generic value so high that he has had to employ sub-genera, a device which, to say the least, is very cumbrous. To Flor belongs the credit of applying to the purpose of classification throughout the order the characters afforded by the structure of the abdomen, especially of the " genital segments." The materials for the present work have been collected by us in the southern counties, chiefly in the vicinity of London, during four or five years of almost undivided attention to the order, and we are also indebted to the liberality of a few friends for species from a distance. When Hemiptera shall be collected over a larger area, with the assiduity devoted to Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, there cannot fail to be a large addition to the number of our known species. The plan of the work is, first, the separation into Divisions and Subdivisions (pp. 10, 11). The Subdivisions are assorted into Sec- tions, and these again into Families, comprising the leading points of the genera therein denoted (pp. 11 50). Then follow the Genera and Species (pp. 51 617) ; the Section and Family to which they belong being indicated by the heading of the pages. All the descriptions (with the very few exceptions mentioned in loco) have been made from actual specimens. The synonymy has been ren- dered as full as is consistent with accuracy, the preference always given to the oldest name, and doubtful citations and references to mere lists omitted. The localities given are those of which we are certain, but many of the species doubtless exist elsewhere. The PREFACE. vii terms " common," " rare," &c., have reference chiefly to the southern counties of England. The time of appearance is given where it is known. The list of "Reputed British Species" contains the names of such as have been quoted as indigenous by various authors, but of which we have seen no authentic examples. Some of the species may possibly hereafter prove to be British, but the names of others appear to have been introduced in error. Our best thanks are given to Dr. Eieber for the invaluable assistance he has rendered in the determination of doubtful species, and for the great courtesy and readiness with which he has devoted much time and trouble to the difficult points submitted to him. We also express our obligations and return thanks to all those gentlemen who have assisted us by the loan of books and the loan and gift of specimens, for without their help this work could not have been accomplished. We shall be rewarded for our labour if we find that it induces collectors to acquire and study the neglected British Hemiptera. The plates illustrating the general structure and the genera have been engraved by Mr. E. W. Robinson, in his usual artistic style, and require no commendation. We hope hereafter to produce a volume on the British Hemip- tera-Homoptera. LEE; June 23rd, 1865. EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS USED. Ahrens, Faun. Ins. Eur. Ahrens, Fauna Insectorum Europse. Am. et Serv., Hem. Amyot et Sermlle, Hemipteres. Bdrens, Berl. Ent. Zeits. Baremprung, in Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift. Bohem. Gott. Ins. Fauna. Boheman, Gottland's Insecta Fauna, in Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Hundlingar.' Nya Svenska, or Vet. Akad. Forh. Boheman, Nya Svenska Hemiptera, in Oefversigt af Kongl. Yetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar. Blanch., Hist. Nat. Blanchard, Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Burm., Handb. Burmeister, Handbuch der Entomologie. Bur., Ent. Trans. Burr ell, in the Entomological Transactions. Coqb., 111. Coquebert, Illustrata Iconographica Insectorum. Costa, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. A. Costa, in Annales de la Societe entomologique de France. Atti. Costa, Atti del Reale institute d'incorrag. alle Sc. nat. di Napoli. Cent. Costa, Cimicum Regni Neapolitani Centurise. Corr. Zool. Costa, Correspondenza Zoologica. Curt., B. E. Curtis, British Entomology. Ent. Mag. Curtis, in Entomological Magazine. Trans. Ent. Soc. Curtis, in Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. Dahlb., Vet. Akad. Handl. Dahlbom, in Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar. Dall., Cat. Hem. Dallas, Catalogue of Hemiptera in the British Museum. Trans. Ent. Soc. Dallas, in Transactions of the entomological Society of London. De G., Mem. De Geer, Memoires pour servir a 1'histoire des Insectes. Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit. A. Dohrn, in Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Don., Brit. Ins. Donovan, British Insects. Doug, fy Scott, Ent. Aim. Douglas and Scott, in the Entomologists' Annual. X EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS USED. Fab., E. S. Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica. Mantiss. Fabricius, Mantissa Insectorum. Sp. Ins. Fabricius, Species Insectorum. ,, S. R. Fabricius, Systema Rhyngotorum. Fall., Mon. Cim. Fallen, Monographia Cimicum. Hem. Suec. Fallen, Hemiptera Suecica. Fieb., Weit. Beitr. Fieber, in Weitenweber Beitrage zu Nat. und Heilkunde. Ent. Mon. Fieber, Entomologische Monographien. Europ. Hem. Fieber, Europaischen Hemiptera. Gen. Hydroc. Fieber, Genera Hydrocoridum. Rhyn. Fieber, Rhyncotographien. Spec. Coris. Fieber, Species Corisarum. Syn. Coris. Fieber, Synopse der europ. Arten Corisa, in Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou. "Wien. Ent. Monats. Fieber, in Wiener entomologische Monatsschrift. Flor, Rhyn. Liv. Flor, Rhynchoten Livlands. Fuss, Mitth. d. Ver. Herm. Fuss, Mittheilungen der Verein zu Hermannstadt. Geoffr. Ins. Geoffrey, K L., Histoire des Insectes. Germ., Zeits. Germans Zeitschrift fiir Entomologie. Eaun. Ins. Eur,, or F. E. Germar and Ahrens, Fauna Insectorum Europse. Reis. Dalm. Germar, Reise in Dalmatien. Gorski, Kv&l.Gorski, Analecta ad entomograpbiam provinciarum Imperil Russici. Guer. Ic. Guerin Mneville, Icones du Regne animal de Cuvier. Hahn, Icon. Hahn, Icones ad monographiam Cimicum. Wanz. Hahn, Wanzeninsecten. Halid., N. Hist. Rzv.Haliday, in the Natural History Review. Harris, Exp. Eng. Ins. Harris, Exposition of English Insects. H. Schf., Nom. Ent. Herrich-Schajfer, Nomenclator Entomologicus. Pariz F. G. Herrich - Schaffer's continuation of Panzer's Fauna Germanica. Wanz. Herrich'Schaffer's continuation of Hahn's Wanzeninsecten. Jenyns, An. N. H. Jenyns, in Annals of Natural History. Kirschb., Caps. Kirschbaum, Rhynchoten der Gegend von Wiesbaden. Kolen., Mel. Ent. Kolenati, Meletemata Entomologica. Kust. t Stett. Ent. Zeit. Kiister, in Stettiner eutomologische Zeitung. Lam., Hist. Nat. Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Lap., Hem. Laporte, Essai d'une classification systematique de 1'ordre Hemipteres. Lot., Gen. Latreille, Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. Hi&t.Latreille, Histoire naturelle des Crustacea et Insectes. EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS USED. xi L. Duf., Rech. Leon Duf our, Recherches sur les Hemipteres. Leach, Trans. Lin. Soc. Leach, in Transactions of the Linnean Society. Le P. et Serv., Enc. Le Pelletier et Serville, Encyclopedic Methodique. Lin., F. S. Linne, Fauna Suecica. S. N. Linne, Systema Naturae. Mdrkel, Germ. Zeits. Market, in Germar's Zeitschrift. Meyer, Caps. Meyer Dur, Verzeichniss der Schweizer Rhynchoten, Capsini. Stett. Ent. Zeit. Meyer Dur, in Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Muls., An. Soc. Lin. Mulsant, in Annales de la Societe' Linne*enne de Lyon. Newm., Ent. Mag. Newman, in Entomological Magazine. Olw., Enc. Olivier, in Encyclopedic Methodique. Panz., F. G. Panzer, Fauna Germanica. Perris, An. Soc. Lin. Perris, in Annales de la Societe* Linneenne de Lyons. Ramb., Faun. And. Rambur, Fauna Andalusiae. Rossi, F. E. Rossi, Fauna Etrusca. Schell,, Geschl. Schellenberg, Helvetisches Wanzengeschlect. Say, Amer. Ent. Say, American Entomology. Sahib., Geoc. Fen. Sahlberg, Geocorisa Fennica. SchilL, Arb. u. Verand. Schilling, in Arbeiten und Veranderungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft fur vaterlandische Cultur. Beitr. Schilling, Beitrage zur Entomologie. Scholtz, Arb. u. Verand. Scholtz, in Arbeiten uud Veranderungen der schles. Gesellschaft fiir vaterl. Cultur. Schrk., Enum. Ins. Aust. Schrank, Enumeratio Insectorum Austrise indige- norum. F. B. Schrank, Fauna Boica. Schum., Beitr. Schummel, in Beitrage zur Entomologie besonders in Bezug auf Schlesien. Scop., Ent. Cam. Scopoli, Entomologica Carniolica. Scott, Ent. Ann. Scott, in the Entomologists' Annual. Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. France. Signoret, in Annales de la Socie'te' entomolo- gique de France. Spin., Hem. Spinola, Essai sur les insectes Hemipteres. Stal t Vet. Akad. Forh. Slat, in Oefversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. Stein, Berl. Ent. Zeits. Stein, Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift. Tillers, L. E. Fillers, Linnsei Entomologia. Walleng., Oefv. Wallengren, in Oefversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akade- miens Forhandlingar. Xll EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS USED. Westw,, AU. Soc. Ent. France. Westwood, in Annales de la Societe entomolo- gique de France. Int. Mod. Classif. Westwood, Introduction to the Modern Classifi- cation of Insects. Mag. Nat. Hist. Westwood, in the Magazine of Natural History. White, Mag. Nat. Hist. A. White, in the Magazine of Natural History. Wolff, Ic. Cim. Wolff, Icones Cimicum. Zett., Act. Holm. Zetterstedt, Acta Holmise. Faun. Ins. Lap. Zetterstedt, Fauna Insectorum Lapponica. Ins. Lap. Zetterstedt, Insecta Lapponica. $ Male. ? Female. INTRODUCTION. STEUCTTTEE. IN the insects composing the Sub-order Heteroptera the body consists normally of 13 segments, of which the 1st is the Head; the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th are united to form the Thorax ; and the remaining 9 are joined together to form the Abdomen. In the latter portion some of the segments often become so amalgamated with or covered by others as not to be distinguishable. The following concise account of the principal parts of the external anatomy is given in explanation of the terms used in the descriptions of the insects ; for the minute and internal anatomy and the physiology, which do not come within the scope of this book, we must refer to the works of Kirby and Spence, Leon-Dufour, Burmeister, Amyot and Serville, Kolenati, Fieber, Flor, &c. The Head. On the upper surface of the head the portion before the eyes is the Face, and the posterior portion is the Crown. The Face is divided by two longitudinal lines (sometimes deeply im- pressed) into three parts or lobes, which vary in their relative pro- portions ; sometimes the Crown is distinctly produced in front over the face, and this prolongation is the Clypeus. On the crown are 2 simple Ocelli (sometimes wanting). On the side-margins of the head are 2 immovable, compound Eyes. Before the eyes, sometimes 1 * INTRODUCTION. on the lower surface of the head, are inserted 2 Antenncs of 3, 4, or 5 joints. The under side of the head is the Gula, the sides, ante- riorly, are the Cheeks (gence). In front of the head beneath is inserted the exterior suctorial mouth called the Rostrum ; it is an extension of the laliwn, consisting of 3 or 4 joints ; the sides are curved upwards, and are united at the edges to form a sheath ; at the base, on the upper side, the labrum is more or less produced, and closely appressed. Inside lie the representatives of the mandibles and maxillae, in the form of 4 setae ; the maxillary and labial palpi are obsolete. The junction of the rostrum with the head is more or less flexible, and so permits the extension of the organ when in use, or its retraction under the body when in repose. The Thorax. Of the three thoracic segments the 1st is the Prothorax, of which the upper side is developed into the large plate adjoining the head, called the Pronotum. The lower side, to which is attached the 1st pair of legs, is the Prosternum. The 2nd segment is the MesotJiorax : the upper side is the Mesonotum, de- veloped posteriorly into the triangular plate which lies between the elytra, or sometimes covers them, called the Scutellum ; to the lower side, or Mesosternum, is attached the second pair of legs ; and to the sides are attached the Elytra. The 3rd segment is the Metathorax ; the upper side or Metanotum is very short , the lower side (Meta- sterntm) is longer, and bears the 3rd pair of legs ; here also, on each side, anteriorly, near the coxa, is the orifice of the internal sac, con- taining the matter which gives to so many of the Hemiptera their disagreeable odour. To the sides of this segment are attached the Wings. The under side of the 3 thoracic segments, taken together, is called the Sternum. The prolongation of the middle of the posterior margin of the segments of the sternum is the Xyphus. The Elytra or wing-covers (Hemielytra of authors) are usually of two different textures, the basal part being of a firm or leathery con- sistence, and the apical part delicate and membranous. Each elytron, taken as a whole, has its base, anterior (or outer), inner, and posterior margins, its surface being the disk, and the relative parts of each subdivision of the elytron, have the same appellations. The basal INTRODUCTION. 3 portion is composed of 2 pieces joined together at their sides ; one narrow, adjoining the Scutellum, is distinguished as the Clavus ; the other, broad, as the Corium. In 2 sections (Gapsina and Anthocorind) the Corium is prolonged into a triangular piece (Cuneus), which is at once joined to and separated from the Corium by a flexible suture. The junction of the Corium and Clavus is the Claval suture, and the junction of the Corium and Membrane is the Membrane-suture. The apical portion of the elytron is the Membrane, the inner portion of which on one elytron overlaps the corresponding portion on the other elytron when the insect is in repose. Both Corium and Membrane are furnished with nerves.* In the Corium are at least 2 principal longitudinal nerves, and sometimes 1 within the anterior margin separates a narrow portion, forming the Embolium. In the Membrane the number and position of the nerves vary greatly, often even in closely allied genera. In some cases the nerves become obsolete, sometimes the Membrane is wholly or partly wanting, and, more rarely, the Clavus or Corium is but partially developed. The Wings are of a delicate membranous structure, furnished with nerves, and fold up under the Elytra when in repose. In some cases the Wings are not developed. The Legs differ much in the several Sections, with respect to length, breadth, and form ; but they are always composed of 5 parts articulated together the basal piece or Coxa, the Fulcrum, the Thigh, the Tibia, and the Tarsus. The latter consists at most of 3 joints, the terminal one being furnished with 1 or 2 claws, between which are often 2 small membranous appendages or Pulvilli. The Abdomen. Flor, in his Ehynchoten Livlands ' has laid much stress on the structure of the abdomen as affording characters for classification, describing it with great detail, and we cannot do better than transfer the following portion of his description to our pages. * Called also veins, nervures and ribs, by various authors. None of these terms are correct, in the sense in which they are used in the anatomy of tiie higher animals, but as Flor well observes, no one thinks in their application to insects, of their primitive meaning. 4 INTRODUCTION. " The abdomen of the EJiyncJiota, in its greatest development, con- sists of nine segments placed one after another, of which only the first 6 are proper abdominal segments, the last 3 (of which the 1st and 2nd are often entirely wanting) differ in form, more or less, from the others and subserve the functions of the sexual organs. In every ease, therefore, for the sake of analogy, I call only the first six, Ab- dominal-segments, and the following ones, Genital-segments. In the male in some families (Anthocoridce, Capsina,) we find, apparently, seven abdominal segments, as the first genital segment retains entirely the form of an abdominal segment. In the female of the Lygceoda, some of the Coreoda (Coreus, Pseudophlceus, Syromastes), and Aradus, the 6th abdominal segment on the underside participates in the sexual functions, in like manner as the following genital seg- ments ; thus in the middle it is sometimes entire, sometimes cleft almost up to the anterior margin, in such a manner that the edges of the cleft touch or overlap each other. Often in the female, mostly in those instances where the ovipositor is largely developed, the last 3 abdominal segments (in the Lyg&odce the fourth and fifth) are broadly raised up and in the middle concealed under the foregoing segments, so that they can only be distinguished at the sides. In the male on the contrary the last 3 abdominal segments, in the middle, on the underside, are not hidden under the foregoing segments, but are visible. In counting the abdominal segments, we must observe, that viewed from beneath (in $ and ) it is generally, nearly, or quite im- possible to see the first of them, since it is shorter than the other segments, and partly concealed, the front being covered by the posterior margin of the metasternum and the hinder coxae, and the hinder side anchylosed with the second segment. Nevertheless, in such cases, when the wings are removed, the separateness of the segment is always clearly perceptible on the upper side, so that we can count six abdominal segments on the upper side and only five beneath. Consequently in the male there are all the six abdominal segments, and in the female always the first five at least, and mostly also the sixth, exclusive of the genital segments. "Following the abdominal are the genital segments, in their INTRODUCTION. 5 greatest development three in number. On the upper side they are either invisible, or at most one or two (and then always the last one or two) can be seen ; generally also on the underside only one or two are visible. In form they are sometimes very like the last abdominal segment, (occasionally the first genital segment is exactly similar as in the before-mentioned Families, Capsina, AntJiocorida, &c.), and they then appear as half or entire segments ; but sometimes they are very dissimilar, and then they appear as distinct plates, but only visible on the underside." The lateral margin of the abdominal segments is much developed in several sections, and forms a flat, reflexed or vertical border to the abdomen which is called the Connexivum. The Stigmata, or apertures by which air is admitted into the body, are situated below the margins on each side of the under surface of the body, viz., 1 between the pro- and mesosternum, 1 between the meso- and metasternum, and 1 on each of the 6 abdominal segments. There is also often a pair on the 2nd genital segment in the 2, or on the 1st genital segment in the $ , where it assumes the form of an abdominal segment. In Nepa the stigmata are wanting on all the segments except the last. NATURAL HISTORY. It is probably in consequence of the fact that the Hemiptera- Heteroptera are in all stages of their existence active and suctorial, and the consequent difficulty of supplying them, in confinement, with fresh, appropriate food, that but few observations upon their natural history have been made or recorded. There is a gradual de- velopment of the creature after it leaves the egg, not only in size but in the perfection of its organs. The larva resembles the imago and is said to cast its skin 3 times before it reaches the pupa state ; then the insect is still more like the imago, but some of its parts, such as the ocelli, wings and claws are either rudimentary, or are barely in- dicated, and only become perfected after the last moult. But o INTRODUCTION. whether each species casts its skin the same number of times ; how long the individuals of each species remain as larva, pupa, or imago ; what species have more than 1 brood in a year, and what constitutes the food of each species, are matters that, in the great majority of instances, remain to be determined. There is therefore a wide field for research in the natural history of this sub- order of insects. COLLECTING. The perfect insects are chiefly to be found during the summer ; but some (mostly those which hybernate) may be taken in autumn, winter, and spring : many species are very local. In summer some inhabit trees, bushes, or herbaceous plants, feeding on their sap or on other insects ; these may be captured by beating the branches over a large net or umbrella, or by sweeping with the sweeping net. Many species are to be found on the ground under the leaves or about the stems of various plants, especially in sandy places, each species being usually attached to a particular kind of plant. A few species live under the bark of dead trees and timber. Some species are attached to the margins of ponds and rivers, and to the sea-shore ; some live in water, or glide along its surface, requiring the water net for their capture. As a general rule the instruments of capture used by the Coleopterist will be those wanted by the Hemipterist. Many species are very active, both with their legs and wings, and must be secured directly they are in the net. After trying several methods of doing this, we have found the following to be the best. Take a glass phial about three inches long and having a wide mouth ; into this put a cork, through the centre of which fit a large quill, in such a manner that one end of it, cut off straight, projects a little beyond the cork inside the phial, the other end, cut obliquely and fitted with a wooden stopper, projecting 1 \ inch on the outside. Into the phial put quickly a single young laurel leaf cut previously into fine shreds, on the top of these place tightly a piece of unsized paper (that imported with tea is the best) and then fill up the bottle INTRODUCTION. 7 loosely with 2 or 3 pieces of the same kind of paper, taking care that the paper touches the glass all round. The hydrocyanic acid from the laurel renders the insects motionless immediately, the paper absorbs any excess of moisture and remains damp, and the insects lie unhurt among its folds, but they should be set out within a day or two. The insects, being for the most part of delicate and fragile structure, should never be touched by the fingers; the greater number will pass readily through the quill when it is placed above them, or the cork may be withdrawn and the mouth of the phial placed over those of large size. The advantage of not touching with the hand will also be found in the case of those species that give out a disagreeable odour ; this odour, we may remark by the way, disap- pears after death. In the autumn, winter, and spring Hemiptera may be found about the roots of plants, in tufts of grass, and in moss, among dead leaves and the debris of hay ricks and corn-stacks, and in field rubbish. These may be brought home in the collecting-bottle among paper without laurel ; and may be killed like Coleoptera by being plunged into hot (not boiling) water. PEESEEVING. The best method of preserving Hemiptera is to fix them on stout card by means of gum tragacanth reduced to the consistence of paste by means either of dilute acetic acid, or of water in which a little oxalic acid or corrosive sublimate has been dissolved. Turn the insects out of the phial onto a piece of white blotting paper, sort them into species, lay the specimens on their backs, if requisite put out their legs and antennas with a camel's hair brush, and then turn them over. Cut the card into strips wider than the length of the insects, pin one strip to a piece of thin cork and cover rather thickly with the gum as much space as will suffice for one insect, lift the specimen by means of a wetted brush on to the gummed card, and place its legs and antennae quickly into their natural position, taking care not INTRODUCTION. to force them, and to lift the antennae from the base. The whole under surface of the insect including the legs and antenna should rest upon the card, for if it do not, some parts will soon get broken off. The insects should be arranged side by side, $ and 9, and an example of each sex exhibited with the under side turned up. The specimens may be afterwards separated by cutting through the card with sharp scissors, or they may remain together ; but in any case the card should be marked on the under side with the locality and date of capture. Care should be taken to preserve the specimens from the attacks of mites, which are especially fond of them whilst drying, often devouring the antennae in a single night : a piece of camphor kept in the drying box will accomplish this. Not till the insects are quite dry should they be placed in the cabinet, and if they then become greasy, they may be restored to their beauty by immersion in benzine. BRITISH HEMIPTERA. Order.-HEMIPTERA, Lin., zett. Rhyngota, Fab. Rhynchota, Iturm., Flor, Fieb. Sub-Order 1.-HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA, Lat. Hemiptera-Frontirostria, Zett. Rhynchota-Frontirostria, Flor. Rhynchota-Heteroptera, Fieb. Heteroptera, Westw. Wings 4, the anterior pair posteriorly overlapping each other, the basal portion coriaceous, the apical (sometimes wanting) membranous ; posterior wings (sometimes want- ing) membranous. Antennae 3 to 5-jornted. Mouth suctorial, consisting of a rostrum of from 3 to 4 joints, containing within it 4 setae, and inserted at the an- terior and inferior portion of the head. Metamorphosis incomplete. Div. 1, GYMNOCERATA. 2. -CRYPTOCERATA. 10 HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA. Sub-Order 2,-HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA, Lat* Hemiptera-Gulserostria, Zett. Rhynchota-Gulserostria, Flor. Rhynchota-Homoptera, Fieb. Homoptera, McLeay, Westw. Cicadaria, Fieb. Wings 4 (sometimes wanting), all membranous, the anterior pair not overlapping each other. Antenna generally short, and setiform. Mouth suctorial (rarely wanting), consisting of a rostrum of 3 or 4 joints, containing within it 4 setas, and inserted at the posterior and inferior portion of the head. Metamorphosis incomplete. Sub-Order L HEMIPTERA HETEROPTERA, Lat. Div. 1. GYMNOCERATA, Fieb., Flor. Cimex, Lin. Cimicides, Fall., Zett., Lat. Geocorisse, Lat., Am. et Serv. Geocores, Burm. Aurocorisa, Westw. Antennae 3 4-jointed, mostly inserted on the upper side of the head, or 5-jointed when inserted on the under side. Legs pedestrial, cursorial, or saltatorial, not natatorial. Sub-Div. 1. GEODROMICA, Fieb., Flor. Geocores, Auct. Elytra formed of several pieces joined together, or reticulated. Claws inserted at the end of the last joint of the tarsi. * Not included in this volume. SCUTATINA. 11 Sub.-Div. 2. HYDUODROMICA, Fieb., Flor. Amphibicorisse, Lat., Duf. Elytra formed of one piece. Legs formed for running or leaping on the surface of water. Claws inserted before the end of the last joint of the tarsi (except in the genus Limnobates) . Div. 2. CRYPTOCERATA, Fieb., Flor. Hydrocorides and Naucorides, Fall. Hydrocorisa, Lat., Zett., Westw. Antenna? 3 4-jointed, very short, and concealed in cavities be- neath the eyes. Legs natatorial. Sub-Div. 1. LITORALIA, Fieb. Ocelli 2. Hostrum 4-jointed. Antennso 4-jointed, simple. Tarsi 3-jointed. (Wanting in Britain.) Sub-Div. 2. AQUATILIA, Fieb. Ocelli 0. Antennae 3 4-jointed, simple, or with a side process on the middle joint. Tarsi 1 3-jointed, differing on 2 or 3 pairs of legs. ^ Div. 1. GYMNOCERATA. Sub-Div. 1. GEODROMICA. SECTION I. SCUTATINA. Scutati, Burm. Scutata, Datt., Flor. Longiscuti, Am. et Serv. Scutelleridse, Westw. Cydnidse, Tetyra3, Macropeltidse, Fieb. Structure robust, convex. Head more or less deflected ; lateral margins sharply defined. Rostrum 4-jointed, base in a channel on the under side of the head; Idbrum long, narrow, transversely wrinkled. Antennae 3 5-jointed (in British species always 5- * SCUTATINA. jointed), inserted on a tubercle below the margin of the head, and which is rarely visible from above ; first, fourth, and fifth joints more or less distinctly petiolated. Ocelli 2, seldom wanting. Prono- tum large, quadrangular or hexagonal.* In the menibrane of the elytra mostly more than five nerves. Tarsi 2 3-jointed ; between the two claws on the last joint two membranous lobes or pulvilli. Abdomen. In both sexes the six abdominal segments are always visible, and none of them take the form of genital segments. On the under side the posterior margin of each segment is more or less concave, the sixth being still more cut out, roundly or somewhat squarely, for the re- ception of the genital segments. Genital segments. In the < , as a rule, only the third segment is visible; it is usually convex, channeled, and rounded posteriorly ; or it has only a slight depression ; or there is a wide opening, with strong processes. In the $, on the upper side, the third segment is visible, more rarely the posterior margin of the second. On the under side the first segment appears as two triangular plates, with their inner margins shut close together ; the second segment appears as two small, triangular plates, whose inner angles are distant from each other ; the third segment as two triangular or irregularly oblong .plates, which lie behind the first plate and go up between the first and second, either touching each other on their inner angles or sides or lying wide apart ; the other plates sometimes visible in the centre belong to the anal or genital organs. FAMILY 1. CYDNID^E. Head small, short, rounded. Rostrum reaching to the middle COXSB, rostral channel short. Antenna short or moderate. Eyes small, not prominent. Pronotwni quadrangular, transverse. Scu- tellum triangular, long, the apex depressed. Prosternum with a rostral channel. Mesosternum with a slight keel. Legs strong; tibicB with strong spines in rows ; tarsi trimerous. Abdomen. Genital segments : in the $ the plates of the first are not ridged at their junction in the centre, and the parallel inner margins of the triangular plates of the third segment do not meet. Gen. 1, Sehirus. * These and other terms indicative of form are only approximative, none of the figures being mathematically regular. In the hexagonal form of pronotum the part adjoining the head is the anterior margin ; joined to this are the diver- gent sides; from the lower end of these proceed the convergent hinder sides, the sixth side being formed by the posterior margin. SCUTATINA. 13 FAMILY 2. ODONTOSCELIDJE. Head broad, short, rounded. Rostrum reaching to the second or third pair of coxae ; rostral channel narrow in front, oval behind. Antenna short. Eyes small, subreniform, or moderate and rounded. Pronotum quadrangular, transverse, or nearly 6- sided. Scutellum as long or nearly as long as the abdomen, and nearly as broad. Prosternum with a deep rostral channel, which is/ sometimes con- tinued on the meso- and metasternum, and recurved, forming a channel for the antennae when at rest. Legs short, strong ; tibiae with fine, short spines ; tarsi trimerous. Abdomen, Genital segments as in the Family Cydnidae, except that in the ?, the junction of the plates of the first segment is ridged. Gen. 1, Corimelcena. In the $ the angles of the first and second segments meet, and the plates of the third segment press close together, closing the anal aperture. Gen. 2, Odontoscelis. FAMILY 3. SCIOCOR1DJE. Head semi-ovate, broad, flat, the sides thin. Rostrum long, slender, wide beyond the base ; rostral channel a little produced on the sides. Antennae rather short, slender. Eyes small, rounded, prominent. Pronotum quadrangular, transverse, the sides produced, foliaceous. Scutellum more than half the length of the abdomen, broad at the base ; apex narrower, but broadly rounded. Sternum with a rostral channel. Legs short, strong ; tibiae with the outer side flat, the margins dentate ; tarsi trimerous. Abdomen. Connexwum broad, horizontal. Genital segments : in the the single segment is convex, with an oblique ridge at the sides ; in the $, as in the Family Pentatomida, with this difference, that the plates of the third segment are very small and short, are far removed from each other, and do not reach the posterior margin of the second segment. Gen. 1, Sciocoris. FAMILY 4 EURYGASTRID^E. Head triangular, rounded in front, broad, convex. Rostrum reaching to the third pair of coxae ; rostral channel hindwardly very wide, with the sides produced. Antennae very slender. Eyes small, triangular. Pronotum very convex, hexagonal ; hinder sides short, hinder angles 14 SCUTATENA. much rounded. Scutellum convex, as long as the abdomen and nearly as broad, the sides parallel, the end broadly rounded. Ster- num witH& deep rostral channel: Prosternum in front divided and produced on each side of the rostrum into a rounded, recurved plate, which projects beyond the head, forming a channel for the antennae when at rest. Legs short, strong; tibia angulated, the upper margins dentate ; tarsi trimerous. Abdomen. Connexivum broad, rounded. Genital segments: in the $ the single segment, beneath, is oblique and somewhat concave ; in the 9 the segments are like those in the genus Acanthosoma, i. lort neck ; antenniferous processes broad, the end straight. An- t ~nncB : fourth joint longest. Pronotum sub-hexagonal, twice as broad a 3 long. Scutellum broad, rounded behind, almost semicircular. Elytra : Corium very short, merging into the membrane, which is ery broad, with 1 basal cell and 1 nerve. Abdomen. Connexivum very broad, horizontal, the margin rounded ; Genital segments rounded behind, not foliaceous. Gen. 1, Aneurus. FAMILY 2. ARADID^E. Flat, granulated all over. Head with a short neck ; antennife- rous processes long, acutely pointed. Antennae mostly thick, the length of the joints varying, the 3rd longest, the 4th conical at the end. Eyes large, prominent. Rostrum longer than the head, in a narrow channel. Pronotum transverse, 6-sided, side margins foli- aceous, posterior margin produced over the base of the elytra; disk with 4 keels. Scutellum long, triangular, concave. Elytra : Clavus very narrow ; Corium abbreviated internally, the anterior margin wide and projecting at the base ; nerves strong, forming 2 cells ; Membrane with 4 nerves, forming three cells. Abdomen beneath, with a fine linear, longitudinal channel ; Connexwum broad, horizontal, foliaceous, the margin dentate ; the last Genital sec, posteriorly, with a broad, bi-lobed, foliaceous margin. Gen. 1, Aradus. CAPSINA. 27 SECTION $.C3P8INA. Astemmites, p., Lap. Capsini, Burnt., Kolen. Bicelluli, Am. et Serv. Capsidae, Westw. Capsina, Flor. Phytocoridse, Fieb. Structure soft, fragile. Head with the Clypeus developed. Antennce 4-jointed, mostly setiform or filiform, often very long, in- serted for the most part between and before the eyes. Ocelli 0.* Rostrum 4-jointed, free. Elytra: Corium with a Cuneus ; Membrane with two closed cells at its base, more rarely with only one, otherwise without nerves. Tarsi trimerous. Abdomen. In the $ there are apparently seven abdominal segments, but the seventh is the first genital segment, which has entirely the form of an abdominal segment. In the 9, on the underside, the six abdominal seg- ments have their posterior margin either straight or the last two or three raised and retracted in the middle, the sixth often so much that it is only visible on the sides ; usually the posterior margin of the last, or, when the middle of it cannot be seen, then of the penultimate segment, has a short, triangular process, overlying the base of the ovipositor, but this is some- times wanting. The genital segments are formed alike in all the genera. In the $ the first of the two, as before stated, has entirely the form of the preceding abdominal segment; the second, or true genital segment, is large, visible above and beneath, somewhat "convex beneath, gradually tapering to the apex, with an opening above for the anus and genital organs. In the $ the second and third segments are visible above and beneath, annular, and formed like the preceding abdominal segments, but on the underside cleft in the middle throughout their length, the margins of the cleft being parallel to each other. The second segment beneath has its posterior margin straight or a little concave, anteriorly widely extended, the angles which lie on the cleft rounded ; the third segment * Kolenati, in his ' Meletemata Entomologica,' fasc. ii, p. 95, says, " Ocelli minimi ;" and adds, " Sub microscopic pro corporibus opacis construct ocelli pone et retro oculos conspici possunt. Ocelli in Capsinis numquam nigri a me visi ; semper enim pellucidi, hinc in capite pallido difficillimi visu. Faeilius conspiciendi in lamella epicranii a reliquis capitis partibus separata." 28 CAPSINA. narrowed posteriorly. In the cleft of the second and third segments lies the first segment, composed of two very narrow, long plates, of which the inner margins are close together, covering the ovipositor throughout its length, reaching from its base to the end of the third segment, where they are more visible than between the margins of the cleft of the second segment. The long, strong, ovipositor, when at rest, is entirely shut in and concealed by the plates of the first segment, whence it is protruded for the fulfilment of its functions. Div. 1, Unicelluli. Membrane with one cell. Div. 2, Bicelluli. Membrane with two cells. Div, 1.-UNICELLTTLI, FAMILY 1. BRYOCORIDJE. Short-oval. Head short, vertical in front ; Crown flattish- convex ; Clypeus convex. Antenna slender, as long as or longer than the body ; third and fourth joints filiform, both together longer than the second. Eyes mote or less prominent. Rostrum short, reaching to the first or third pair of coxae. Pronotum trapezoidal, with two callosities in front. Elytra sometimes with cuneus and membrane wanting; Corium very convex, when developed less convex. Gen. 1, Bryocoris ; 2, MJonalocoris. Div. 2,-BICELLTJLI. FAMILY 2. PITHANIDJE. Li near- elongate. Head large, vertical in front, viewed from the side snbglobose ; Crown flat, horizontal ; Clypeus prominent, very convex. Antenna shorter than the body ; first joint short, stout ; second slightly clavate ; third and fourth filiform. Eyes prominent, spheroidal. Rostrum long, almost reaching to the first- abdominal segment, third and fourth joints somewhat fusiform. Pronotum, in developed examples, long- trapezoidal, constricted in front ; in undeveloped examples cylindrical, constricted at each end, with two large callosities in front. Scutellum triangular, wider at the base in developed examples than in undeveloped ones. Elytra : sometimes with the cuneus and membrane wanting, and the Corium very short, barely covering the first abdominal segment ; when de- veloped, the elytra cover the abdomen. Gen. 1, Pithanus. CAPSJNA. FAMILY 3. MIRID^E. Linear-elongate, more or less parallel. Head horizontal ; viewed from the side almost a parallelogram ; Clypeus triangular ; apex sometimes reflexed ; or, Crown horizontal ; Clypeus very convex, overhanging the face. Antennce variable in length ; first joint stout, longer than or as long as the head ; second not so stout as the first, and considerably longer ; third and fourth somewhat filiform, both together longer or shorter than the second. Rostrum variable in length, sometimes reaching to the second, or third pair of coxce, sometimes to the second abdominal segment. Pronotum trape- zoidal, sometimes with two callosities in front ; sides margined, sometimes reflexed. Elytra sometimes with the cuneus and mem- brane almost wanting, or with the membrane imperfectly developed ; in the latter case the cuneus is carried round the apex of the former and the outer cell is very long ; when developed the cuneus is long, narrow, triangular. Thighs sometimes toothed beneath. Gen. 1, Mir is ; 2, Acetropis ; 3, Lopomorpha. FAMILY 4. PHYTOCORID^E. Longish oval ; sides more or less parallel. Head viewed from the side quadrate, or almost a parallelogram ; Crown flattish ; Clypeus convex. Antennas as long as or longer than the body ; first joint long, stout, as long as half the head and the pronotum ; second, third, and fourth almost filiform. Eyes more or less prominent. Rostrum long, reaching to beyond the third pair of coxce, sometimes to the middle of the abdomen. Pronotum short, trapezoidal, with a collar in front, behind which are generally two callosities. Elytra longer than the abdomen ; Corium flattish convex. Gen. 1, Miridius ; 2, Phytocoris. FAMILY 5. DERJEOCORID^E. Longish oval or elongate ; sometimes broad, sides parallel. Head generally vertical in front ; Crown more or less convex ; Clypeus convex, sometimes rounded at the apex and overhanging the face. Antennas shorter or longer than the body ; sometimes stout ; third and fourth joints sometimes thickened, seldom shorter than the 30 CAPSINA. second. Eyes prominent. Rostrum reaching to the second pair of coxce, sometimes to the second or third abdominal segment. Prono- ttm trapezoidal, with a collar, sometimes margined behind the latter. Elytra longer than the abdomen ; Corium convex or flattish convex. Gen. 1, Derceocoris ; 2, Pantilius. FAMILY 6. LITOSOMID^. Somewhat elongate, slightly elliptic. Head almost vertical in front; Crown flattish; Clypeus convex; Face, central lobe convex, projecting beyond the clypeus. Antennae shorter than the body ; first joint stout, about as long as the head ; second gradually thickened to the apex ; third and fourth filiform, together shorter than the second. Eyes somewhat prominent. Rostrum reaching to the second or third pair of coxce ; first joint stout. Pronotum short trapeziform. Elytra longer than the abdomen; Corium flattish, Gen. \,Litosoma. FAMILY 7 PHYLIDJE. Elongate, narrow, sometimes delicate, sides almQpt parallel. Head vertical in front or much deflected from behind the eyes to the apex of the face ; with or without a transverse keel behind the eyes ; Crown convex, deflected or almost flat ; Clypeus convex. Antennas slender, as long as or longer than the body ; first joint stout, longer or shorter than the head. Eyes large, prominent. Rostrum reaching to or beyond the third pair of coxce. Pronotum generally campanu- late, sometimes trapeziform ; with or without two almost obsolete callosities in front. Elytra sometimes with cuneus and membrane wanting ; Corium very convex ; when the elytra are developed, less convex or flat. Gen. 1, jtEtorhinus ; 2, Sphyracephalus ; 3, Byrsoptera ; 4, PJiylus. FAMILY 8. CAMA&ONOTIDJE. Elongate, somewhat narrow. Head long, triangular, very con- siderably deflected from the hinder margin to the apex, with a distinct transverse keel almost in a line with the hinder margins of the eyes ; Clypeus slightly convex. Antennce shorter than the body ; first joint somewhat stout, about half as long as the head ; second CAPSINA. 31 long, slightly thickened to the apex ; third and fourth filiform. Eyes large, prominent ; hinder margin slightly projecting beyond the transverse keel. Rostrum reaching to beyond the third pair of COXCB ; first joint stout. Pronotum longish trapeziform, without callosities in front. Elytra widened from beyond the middle to the cuneus ; Corium convex, somewhat embracing the abdomen, and elevated towards the junction with the cuneus and membranej which are very much deflected and flat. Legs : third pair of tibice thickened in the middle, somewhat bent and flattened on the sides. Gen. 1, Camaro- notus. FAMILY 9. GLOBICEPIDJE. Elongate, narrow, parallel. Head vertical in front ; Crown flattish convex, in the undeveloped 9 very convex, and considerably raised above the upper margin of the eyes. Antennae shorter than the body ; second joint thickened towards the apex, in the much more so than in the ^ ; third and fourth filiform. Eyes large, prominent. Rostrum reaching to the second pair of COXCB. Pronotum longish trapeziform, constricted in front, with two large callosities behind the constriction. Elytra sometimes with cuneus and membrane im- perfectly developed ; Corium less convex in developed than in unde- veloped examples. Gen. 1, Gloliceps. FAMILY 10. IDOLOCORID^E. Short or elongate, narrow, parallel ; sometimes slightly oval and very delicate. Head viewed from above sometimes pentagonal and deflected in front, or vertical in front, transversely oval, and generally produced into a neck behind the eyes ; Crown more or less convex ; Clypeus sometimes overhanging the face. Antennae slender, of variable length, shorter than or as long as the body ; second joint generally more or less clavate ; third and fourth filiform. Eyes large or small, more or less prominent, the hinder margin sometimes resting on the anterior margin of the pronotum. Rostrum sometimes free, generally reach- ing to the second or third pair of coxce, sometimes to the second abdominal segment ; first joint of variable length. Pronotum longish trapeziform, or longish campanulate, with a more or less broad collar in front, behind which are two callosities, sometimes almost obsolete. 32 CAPSINA. Elytra sometimes with cuneus and membrane wanting ; Corium con- vex ; when developed, the Gorium somewhat flat. *- * Abdomen sometimes very much narrowed at the base. Geu. 1, Cyllo- coris ; 2, Systellonotus ; 3, Campyloneura ; 4, Idolocoris ; 5, Macrolophm ; 6, Malacocoris. FAMILY 11. ONCOTYLID^E. Elongate, somewhat parallel, sometimes suboval. Head almost vertical in front, or very much deflected ; Crown flattish, sometimes convex ; Clypeus more or less convex ; Face, central lobe sometimes prominent. Antennae sometimes as long as the body, generally shorter ; second joint clavate or thickened to the apex ; third and fourth filiform. Eyes prominent. Rostrum sometimes stout, reaching to the third pair of COX Hydrometra. 42 LIMNOBATINA. FAMILY 2. VELIID^E. Stout, oval, broadest across the pronotum ; usually apterous. Head short, 5- sided, convex, vertical in front ; Face short. An- tenncB 5 or 6-jointed, the third (or third and fifth) minute. Eyes large, close to the pronotum. Ocelli 2 or 0. Rostrum 3-jointed, lying on the sternum. Pronotum 5-sided, short, subrhomboidal ; scutellar process triangular. Elytra flat; nerves strong, forming 4 6 closed cells. Sternum not so wide as the pronotum ; sheaths of the second and third pairs of coxes oblique or vertical, each pair nearly the same distance apart transversely. Legs not very long ; first pair shortest, second pair slightly longest ; tibia thin ; tarsi trimerous, or 2-jointed on the first pair, on second and third pairs the second joint longer or shorter than the first. Abdomen very convex beneath ; Connexivum broad, reflexed, on the sixth segment produced posteriorly or rounded. Gen. 1, Velia ; 2, Microvelia. SECTION 2.LIMNOBATINA. Limnobatidse, Fieb. Structure hard. Form elongate, very narrow and sublinear. Head very long, subcylindrical, widened to the front behind the face, which is very short. Antennas very long, filiform, 4-jointed. Eyes large, hemispherical, deeply inserted near the middle of the sides of the head. Ocelli 0. Rostrum 3-jointed. Thorax very long : Pro- notum and Mesonotvm united into one piece, produced posteriorly ;* Metanotum depressed, as long as the pro- and mesonotum together ; Elytra very narrow, rarely as long as the abdomen, generally only as long as the metanotum. Sternum : coxal sheaths progressively longer and more prominent -at the sides ; first pair vertical, second and third pairs hindwardly oblique. Legs thin, filiform ; first and second pairs subequal, third pair longest ; tarsi long, cylindrical, on all legs subequal, the last joint with two fine, short claws inserted at the end. Abdomen in both sexes with six abdominal segments visible; Con- nexwum not produced posteriorly ; Genital segments extending beyond the sixth abdominal segment. * As in the foregoing section, for the sake of brevity, and for want of a better term, we call this plate " pronoium" APHELOCHIRINA. 43 FAMILY 1. LIMNOBATID^E. Head horizontal, as long as the thorax, widest on the anterior margin of the clypeus ; Face very short, narrow, deflected ; cheek- plates long, projecting. Antennae inserted at the end of the widened front of the head ; first joint stoutest and shortest ; third longest. Thorax much wider than the head. Abdomen flat above, convex beneath ; Connexivum reflexed, narrow in the $ broad in the ?, gradually diminished from the middle to the base and apex, not produced into a point posteriorly ; Genital segments in $ quad- rangular, in short, obtuse ; in both sexes terminating with a small superior incurved spine. Gen. 1, Limnobaies. Div. 2.-CRYPTOCERATA.* Sub-I)iv. 1. LITORALIA. Contains only the Genus Pelogonm, Latr., which is wanting in Britain. Sub-Div. 2. AQUATILIA. SECTION I. APHELOCHIRINA. Acanthiidee, p., Westiv. Aphelochiree, Fieb. Head (including the eyes) triangular, deeply set in the pronotum ; Face on the same plane as the Crown. Antennae 4-jointed, simple. Eyes posterior, oblique. Rostrum 3-jointed, very long, aculeate; Labrum triangular. Pronotum broad, transverse ; posterior margin longer than the breadth of the abdomen. Elytra coriaceous through- out ; Embolium triangular. Prosternum concave at the sides. Legs : first pair raptorial, inserted anteriorly on the disk of the pro- sternum ; GOXCB large, long; thighs compressed, first pair broadest and shortest ; tarsi all 2-jointed, and with two claws. Abdomen broad, oval, the margins serrate. * Page 11. 44 NAUCORINA. FAMILY L APHELOCHIRID^E. Oval, depressed. Antennas : the four joints progressively longer. Rostrum reaching to the second abdominal segment, resting on the sternum; second joint very long. Pronotum subtrapezoidal ; anterior margin very roundly concave, anterior angles produced exterior to the eyes, hinder angles projecting. Elytra (rarely developed) in repose leaving a broad lateral portion of the abdomen uncovered ; Membrane nerveless. Sternum : Prosternum concave at the sides ; Mesosternum short, with a middle keel ; Metasternum depressed, tri- angular, sides raised. Legs : thighs, third pair longest, simple ; tibitff, third pair compressed, subtrigona^e, ciliated ; tarsi, first and second pairs stoutest, about one third the length of the tibiae ; third pair slender, rather shorter than the tibiae ; claws long, slender. Abdomen beneath ; the posterior margin of the segments except the last angularly cut out, the last roundly for the reception of the wide genital segments, which project a little beyond the acute points ; the posterior margin, in the middle, with two small points. Gen. 1, Aphelocheirus. SECTION 2. NAUCORINA. Nepidse, p., Leach; Westw. Nepini, p., Burm. Naucorides, Am. et Serv. Naucoridse, Meb. Naucoridea, Flor. Head short, transverse; Face very 'short, vertical. Antenna 4-jointed, stout, simple ; inserted on the under side of the head, and lying in a cavity beneath each eye. Eyes posterior, very large, tri- angular. Hostrum 3-jointed, free, short, thick, conical, nearly ver- tical; Labrum large, triangular. Pronotum transverse, subtrape- zoidal, wider than the head. Scutellum large, triangular. Elytra pergamentous throughout ; Clavus broad ; Embolium broad, dis- tinct, nearly half the length of the corium ; Membrane indistinctly separated from the corium,* nerveless. Wings laid in two longitu- * The distinction clearlv seen on the under side. NEPINA. 45 dinal folds. Sternum, especially the prosternum, concave. Legs very stout ; first pair raptorial, the coxce inserted near the ante- rior angles of the prosternum ; the tliigJis greatly dilated, with a groove beneath for the reception of the tibiae when at rest; the tibice falcate ; the tarsi monomerous, very short, unarticulated, without claws : second and third pairs ; thighs compressed, grooved beneath ; tibiae angulated, furnished with long, stout spines, and long cilise on the inner side ; tarsi long, 2-jointed, articulated, ciliated on the inner side, the last joint with two claws. Stigmata of the abdomen very small and indistinct. FAMILY. 1 . NAUCORID^E. Broad-oval. Head posteriorly straight, somewhat deeply inserted in the pronotum ; anteriorly rounded, the eyes within the line of the circumference. Antennae : third joint longest. Pronotum : anterior margin somewhat squarely cut out, the anterior angles projecting exterior to the base of the eyes. Elytra broad ; Glavus and Corium each with one nerve. Sternum : the plates disconnected, and over- lapping ; those of the metasternum raised over the third pair of COXCB. Abdomen depressed, dilated, thin, and serrate at the margins. Con- nexivum narrow. Genital segments short, covered beneath with long hairs. Gen. 1, Naucoris. SECTION . NEPINA. Notonectides, p., Leach. Nepidse, p., Westw. Nepini, p., Burm. Nepides, Am. et Serv. Nepae, Fieb. Nepina, Flor. Long, cylindrical; or long-oval, very flat, and thin. Head small, short, deeply set in the pronotum. Antenna beneath the head, short, 3-jointed, the second joint laterally produced. Eyes large, posterior, prominent. Rostrum 3-jointed, free, short, stout; Labrum very small, triangular. Pronotwn long and narrow, widened posteriorly, or broad- subtrapeziform. Elytra shorter than, or as 46 NEPINA. long as, the abdomen ; Emlolium indistinct ; Corium long, posterior margin oblique; Membrane filled with reticulated nerves. Wings ample, with four strong nerves, the three anterior ones forming two long, closed cells ; from the nerves proceed many transverse, delicate nervures. Sternum convex, deeply excavated beneath the coxae. Legs: first pair raptorial; the coxa very long, inserted at the anterior angles of the prosternum; thighs dilated, grooved beneath for the reception of the tibia3 ; tibice curved : second and third pairs of legs simple ; tarsi all monomerous, united to the tibiae ; first pair without claws, second and third pairs with two long claws. Abdomen without stigmata at the sides, the end furnished with two long filaments, which, united and projected above the surface of the water, form a passage for the air to two spiracles placed at the sides of the anus ; Connexivum moderate, reflexed. FAMILY l.RANATRID^E. Long, cylindrical. Antenna: second joint as long as the first, with a short, stout, oblique lateral process ; third fusiform, stout, not incumbent on the second, and reaching beyond its process. Eyes large, prominent. Rostrum porrected ; first joint greatly contracted at the base. Pronotmn very long, narrowest in the middle, most widened posteriorly ; posterior margin angularly excised. Scutellum rhomboidal. Elytra laid sloping to the sides, shorter than the abdomen ; Corium long, posterior margin oblique ; Membrane dis- tinct, short, finely reticulated. Sternum : Prosternum with a longi- tudinal channel on each side of a thin middle keel ; posterior mar- gin, at the sides, oblique ; Mesosternum trapeziform, convex ; Meta- sternum in the middle, raised, oval, posteriorly produced into a xyphus. Legs long, slender: first pair; coxa cylindrical, about two thirds the length of the tibiae ; thighs slightly dilated as far as the groove, linear and curved outwards thence to the apex ; the groove narrow, anterior, extending rather more than one third the length of the thigh, terminated by a large spine ; tibice thin, curved ; tarsi long, curved : second and third pairs longer than the first, cylin- drical; coxce short, stout; tarsi very long, slender; claws thin, divergent. Abdomen beneath, trigonal ; the posterior margin of all the segments straight. Connexivum comparatively broad, projecting, reflexed. Genital NEPINA, 47 segments after the same type as Nepidce, but the last segment is posteriorly obtuse. Gen. 1, Ranatra. FAMILY 2. NEPIDJ2. Long-oval, flat, thin. Antennae : second joint produced laterally at the end into a long falcate process ; third nearly as long as, and incumbent on, the second. Eyes moderate, reniform, prominent. Rostrum almost vertical, conical. Pronotum broad-trapeziform : the first two thirds with longitudinal callosities, the last third flat, incrassated at the sides ; posterior margin slightly concave. Scu- tellum large, triangular. Elytra flat, as long as the abdomen, reti- culated throughout ; Embolium long, parallel, indistinct on the upper side ; Membrane indistinctly separated from the Corium. Sternum : Prosternum posteriorly retuse, xyphus rounded ; Meso- and Meta- sternum transverse. Legs : first pair ; coxce stout, not half the length of the thighs ; thighs incrassated, suddenly smaller towards the apex ; the groove wide ; tibiae curved ; tarsi digitate : second and third pairs longest, simple ; C^XCB subglobose ; tarsi long and slender; claws thin. Abdomen beneath, with a depressed middle keel ; the first and second segments anchylosed, so that there appear to be but five abdominal seg- ments ; the posterior margin of each concave above, angularly excised beneath, except the last. Genital segments in $ and $ outwardly of the same form. Above, in the middle of the last abdominal segment, lies a small, triangular, pointed plate, which (according to Elor) is the only visible part of the third genital segment, the rest of its development being under the second segment for nearly its whole length ; the second seg- ment, large, subtriangular, cleft up the middle, but not parted, projects far beyond the points of the last abdominal segment, and forms the apex of the abdomen, a spinose point lying on each side of the terminal fila- ments ; beneath, this segment appears as two long, narrow, triangular lateral plates, grooved on their inner margins, the space between them filled by a long, triangular, convex plate, whose side margins fit into the groove of the side plates ; the first segment and the generative organs are covered by the second segment. Gen. 1, Nepa. 48 NOTONECTINA. SECTION 4 NOTONECTINA. Notonectides, p., Leach ; Am. et Serv. Notonectici, p., Hurm. Notonectidse, p., Westw. Notonectidea, Notonectae et Plese, Fieb. Notonectica, Flor* Posteriorly, laterally compressed; longitudinally convex. Head large, transverse, convex, rounded in front ; Crown and Face not separated. Antennae 4-jointed. Eyes large, triangular, posterior. Rostrum free, 3 or 4-jointed. Elytra corneous or pergamentous throughout ; Embolium linear, oblique or horizontal ; Membrane ample and saddle-formed, or wanting. Legs : first pair inserted on the posterior margin of the prosternum ; tarsi 2 or 3-jointed. These insects swim with their backs downwards, and move rapidly by means of their long hind legs. FAMILY 1 . NOTONECTID^E. Long-oval. Head large, with the eyes almost reniform, curved under. Antennte : first joint short, stout ; second long, very stout ; third in length subequal, narrower, cultrate, with long capitate hairs; fourth very short, conical. Eyes approximate. Rostrum 4-jointed. Pronotum hexagonal, subtrapeziform, Scutellum large. Elytra pergamentous ; Embolium long, linear, horizontal ; Mem- brane indistinctly separated from the corium, gradually thinner, folded longitudinally; apex deeply notched. Legs subequal; an- terior tiUcB dilated ; posterior pair longest, and with their tarsi long ciliated ; tarsi all 2 -jointed. Abdomen with a ciliated middle keel. Gen. 1, Notonecta. FAMILY 2. PLEID^E. Ovate, broadest in front, very convex longitudinally, the abdomen laterally compressed and angulated. Head broad, curved under. Antennae : first and second joints very short ; third long, broad- fusiform ; fourth small, clavate, inserted obliquely below the apex of CORIXINA. 49 the third. Eyes remote, slightly prominent. Rostrum 3-jointed, short, obtuse ; the first joint nearly covered by the labrum and cheek- plates. Pronotum convex, transverse, obscurely hexagonal. Elytra corneous ; Corium, the posterior margin of each elytron meeting each other in a straight longitudinal line ; Embolium linear, placed ob- liquely on the anterior angles ; Membrane wanting. Sternum visible horizontally only as the edges of thin plates between the deeply inserted coxa3, laterally as triangular plates. Legs all formed alike ; coxce large ; fulcra, third pair angulated ; thighs gradually smaller to the apex ; tarsi trimerous. Gren. 1, Plea. SECTION $. CORIXINA. Notonectici, p., Burm. Notonectidae, p., Westw. Corisides, Am. et Serv. Corisoidae, Fieb. Corisidea, Fieb., Flor. Corisse, Fieb. Head scutellate, greatly curved under, so that the apex rests between the anterior COXSB, the posterior margin overlying the pro- notum. AntenncB simple, 3 or 4-jointed, inserted under the margins of the head. Eyes large, remote. Rostrum short, unarticulated, concealed ; labrum triangular, transversely wrinkled ; labium smooth, covered by the labrum. JPronotum transverse triangular. Scutelluin 0, or short, triangular. Elytra pergamentous throughout ; Embo- liuin long, linear ; Clavus broad, triangular ; Membrane indistinctly separated from the corium ; nerveless except one fine, long inner nerve. Wings ample, very delicate. Sternum with Scapulce, Pleurce, and sometimes Parapleurce ; Prosternum anteriorly bilobed ; Meta- sternum produced into a triangular xyphus. Legs : each pair of dif- ferent form ; first pair inserted posteriorly on the prosternum, stout, short ; the tarsi monomerous, broad, cultrate, differing in the sexes, pectinated, with strong hairs beneath, and one small setaceous, apical claw; second pair, the thighs longest, simple, tarsi 1 or 2-jointed, with two long claws ; third pair, tarsi long, dilated, 2-jointed, long-ciliated, and with one apical claw. 4 50 CORIXINA. Abdomen flat above, convex beneath : Connexwum at first narrow, gra- dually widened posteriorly, much reflexed, the end projecting. In the $ the last four segments have irregular, unsymmetrical margins ; in the they are regular and parallel, the posterior margin of the 6th concave above, produced triangularly with sinuate sides beneath. Genital seg- ments : The visible parts consist, in the , of two short, contiguous, tri- angular plates, not extending laterally the whole breadth of the last abdominal segment ; beyond these extend two long, broad, flat, oval, side pieces, touching each other posteriorly, reflexed in the same degree as the connexivum, projecting as a continuation of it, and forming the apex of the body : these plates are equally visible on the underside and occupy the whole space beyond the abdominal segments, except that in the middle, close to the base, a small triangle juts through between them. In the $ the visible parts are formed as in the 9 , except that the side plates are not so regular, and the posterior separation is rarely in the middle. The rest of the genital segments and the generative organs are concealed by the plates mentioned. - \ FAMILY 1. CORIXIDJE. Oblong, subparallel, convex above. Head transverse, convex, triangular, liindwardly pointed, sides sinuate, seen from above (including the eyes) lunate. Antennae 4-jointed; first and second joints stout, cylindrical; third stout, clavate, as long as the first and second together ; fourth subulate. Pronotum transverse, triangular, pointed hindwardly. Scutellum 0. Metasternum furnished with parapleurce ; the pleurce with a distinct sutural junction. Tarsi, first and second pairs monomerous. Gen. 1, Corixa; 2, Cymatia. FAMILY 2. SIGARID^E. Elliptic, depressed. Head triangular, sides subangulated ; seen from above obtusely triangular. Antenna 3-jointed; first and second joints subcylin- drical ; third, oblong, concave. Pronotum transverse, triangular, pointed anteriorly. Scutellum short triangular. Metasternum with- out parapleurse; the pleurae without suture. Tarsi, second pair 2-jointed. Gen. 1, Sigara. SCUTATINA. 51 Div. 1.-GYMNOCEKATA. Sub-Div. 1. GEODROMICA. SECTION I. SCUTATINA* FAMILY 1. CYDNHLE. Genus 1. SEHIRUS, Am. et Serv. Elliptic, more or less convex. Head short, widest just before the eje&l~Face rounded in front, concave through the sides being recurved ; central lobe shorter than the side lobes, which join and enclose it, but leaving a notch in front. Antenncs : the tubercle generally near the eyes, the joints after the 1st gradually thicker to the 4th ; the 2nd and 3rd vary- in relative length. Eyes small, rounded, projecting only a little beyond the margins of the head. Ocelli small, distant. Rostrum reaching to the middle or hinder COXSB, base in a short channel ; 1st and 4th joints shorter, 2nd and 3rd of about equal length. Thorax. Pronotum transverse, subquadrangular, or subtrape- zoidal, anterior angles much rounded ; anteriorly deflected, with the margin very concave ; sides marginate ; hinder margin a little rounded, more so at the posterior angles. Scutellum large, triangular, at its base not so broad as the abdomen, and reaching beyond the inner posterior angle of the corium, a little constricted just before the rounded apex, which is suddenly deflected. Elytra : Membrane with 5 or 6 irregular, transparent nerves, which join together on the disk, and form irregular cells. Sternum : Prosternum with a more or less deep rostral channel, and on each side a deep, transverse channel ; Mesosternum with a slight, central keel. Legs strong ; hinder tibia longest, all the tibiae with very strong spines placed in rows ; tarsi, 2nd joint very small. Abdomen convex beneath ; Connexivmn narrow. * Page 11. 52 SCUTATINA. Species 1. SEHIRUS BICOLOR. CIMEX BICOLOR, Lin. F. S. 250, 936 (1761) ; S. N. i, 722, 55 (1767); Scop.? Ent. Cam. 122, 357 (1763); De G. Mem. iii, 268, 12 (1773) ; Fab. E. S. iv, 121, 161 (1794) ; S. E,. 176, 109 (1803) ; Don. Brit. Ins. ix, 21, pi. 297 (1800) ; Wolff, Ic. dim. 63, t. 7, fig. 60 (1801) ; Panz. F. G. 32, 11. NUBiLOSA, Harris, Exp. Eng. Ins. 90, pi. 26, fig. 8 (1776). CYDNUS BICOLOR, Fall. Mon. Cim. 53, 2 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 19, 2 (1829) ; Hahn, Wauz. i, 192, t. 31, fig. 99 (1831) ; Zelt. Faun. Ins. Lap. i, 461, 1 (1832) ; Ins. Lap. 258, 1 (1840); ra.Handb. ii, 374, 1 (1835); Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 63, 191 (1846) ; Flor, Rhjn. Liv. 1, 157, 3 (1860). PENTATOMA BICOLOR, Le P. et Serv. Enc. x, 58,25 (1825). TRITOMEGAS Am. et Serv. Hem. 98, 1 (1843) ; Sahib. Geoc. Fenn. 21, ] (1848). SEHIRUS Fieb. Europ. Hem. 368, 7 (1861). Black, shining, finely punctured; a spot on the anterior lateral margin of the pronotum, a larger dentate one on the base, and another similar one at the apex of the anterior margin of the corium, white, the upper side of the tibice also white. Head subtrapeziform ; Crown convex, with few punctures ; Face, side lobes widely recurved; anterior margin with a wide but shallow notch. Antenna black, pilose ; 2nd joint half the length of the 3rd; 3rd, 4th, and 5th in length subequal. Eyes rounded rather prominent. Ocelli small, reddish. Rostrum black, reaching a little beyond the middle coxaB ; 2nd and 3rd joints of equal length ; rostral channel shallow. Thorax. Pronotum transverse, anteriorly and posteriorly de- flected ; the sides gradually convergent and rounded to the front ; anterior margin very concave, lateral margins delicately reflexed, posterior margin slightly rounded. Across the centre of the disk is a shallow transverse furrow, deeper at the ends, which do not reach the sides ; before and adjoining this furrow is a transverse unpunc- tured space, narrow in the middle and widened at each end an- teriorly ; from the anterior angles a large white spot extends about CYDNID^E. 53 half way down the sides ; hinder angles raised, sometimes posteriorly with a small white spot. The punctures are not so contiguous as on the scutellum, but in the central furrow they form slight wrinkles. Scutellum; the extreme deflected apex punctureless. Elytra : Corium ; anterior margin reflexed ; at the base a large, white, irregular, dentate patch, each end of which extends to the clavus ; at the posterior outer angle a similar smaller patch extends half across the corium ; posterior margin sinuate ; Membrane whitish or fuscous. Sternum : Prosternum coarsely, Meso- and Metasternum moderately but sparsely, punctured. Legs black ; tibiae on the out- side, except at the base and apex, white ; tarsi black. Abdomen, beneath, very delicately and sparsely punctured ; Con- nexivum rather wide, alternately black and white. Length, 2| 3f lines. Not uncommon round London in sandy places, among grass and herbage, in the spring. Species 2. SEHIRUS DUBIUS. CIMEX DUBIUS, Scop. Eut. Cam. 121, 355 (1763); Wolff, Ic. Cim. 64 t, 7, fig. 6] (1801). ALBOMARGINATUS, Schrk. Enum. Ins. Aust. 531, 275 (1781). ALBOMARGINELLUS, Fab. E. S. iv, 123, 167 (1794) ; S. R. 178, 120 (1803). CYDNUS ALBOMARGINATUS, Fall.? Hem. Suec. 19, 4 (1829); Ramb. Eaun. And. ii, 111, 2 (1842). DUBIUS, Hahn, Wanz. i, 191, t. 31, fig. 98 (1831) ; Curt. B. E. ii, 74 (1826); Flor, Rbyn. Liv. i, 160, 5 (1860). ALBOMARGINELLUS, Surm. Handb. ii, 374, 2 (1835); Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 64, 192 (1845). SEHIRUS Am. et Serv. Hem. 97, 2 (1843); Sahib. Geoc. Een. 21, 2 (1848). DUBIUS, Fieb. Europ. Hem. 368, 5 (1861). Blue-black, with a violet tinge, shining, finely punctured, the lateral margins of ihepronotum and the anterior margin of the elytra narrowly yellowish. Head broad, short, trapeziform before the eyes ; Crown rather con- vex, with few punctures ; Face ; side lobes widely recurved ; the an- terior margin almost without a notch. Antennae black or piceous, 54 SCUTATINA. pilose; 2nd and 3rd joints in length subequal, larger than the 1st ; 4th and 5th subequal in length and breadth, but longer and thicker than the 2nd and 3rd. Eyes rounded, rather prominent. Ocelli very small, red. Rostrum piceous, reaching to the middle coxae, 3rd joint larger than the 2nd ; the rostral channel shallow. Thorax. Pronotum transverse, quadrangular, gradually rounded to the front, slightly convex, anteriorly and posteriorly deflected ; anterior margin very concave : lateral margins narrowly incrassated, yellowish ; posterior margin gradually rounded. Across the centre of the disk is a shallow, transverse furrow, each end (which does not extend to the side) being much deeper ; before and adjoining this furrow is a transverse, smooth, unpunctured space, narrow in the middle, wider at the ends, extending almost to the anterior angles of the pronotum. Scutellum: the sides of the apex incrassated and, with the deflected portion, unpunctured. Elytra: Corium ; the punctures closer than those on the pronotum and scutellum ; the anterior margin incrassated, slightly reflexed, yellowish ; posterior margin slightly sinuate ; Membrane fuscous. Sternum finely punc- tured : Prosternum ; the rostral channel shallow. Legs and tarsi black. Abdomen beneath very convex, delicately punctured ; Connexivum spotted with yellowish. Length, 2 3 lines. Uncommon. Pangbourne (Wollaston) ; Portland {Dale). Species 3. SEHIRUS BIGUTTATUS. CIMEX BIGUTTATUS, Lin. F. S. 250, 935 (1761) ; S. N. i, 722, 54 (1767) ; Scop. Ent. Cam. 122, 356 (1763) ; Fab. E. S. iv, 122, 164 (1794); S. R. 178, 116 (1803); Panz. E. G. 32, 13. CYDNUS Fall. Mon. Cim. 53, 3 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 19, 3 (1829) ; Hahn, Wanz. i, 169, t. 26, fig. 88 (1831) ; Zett. Faun. Ins. Lap. 1, 461, 2 (1832) ; Ins. Lap. 258, 2 (1840) ; Burm. Handb. ii, 374, 3 (1835) ; Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 65, 193 (1846) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 162, 6 (1860). TRITOMEGAS Am. et Serv. Hem. 98, 2 (1843) ; Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 22, 2 (1848). SEHIRUS Fieb. Europ. Hem. 367, 4 (1861). CYDNID.E. 55 Black, slightly convex, shining, deeply punctured ; the entire exterior margin (except of the head), and a spot on the corium, yel- lowish. Head small, coarsely punctured ; Crown rather convex, front de- pressed ; Face ; side lobes much rounded in front, yet leaving the anterior notch very 'wide ; anterior margin a little reflexed. An- tenna : 2nd joint a little shorter than the 3rd ; 5th fusiform, a little longer than the 4th, and as long as the 2nd and 3rd together. Eyes small, not prominent. Ocelli very small, black. Rostrum brown, reaching to the middle COXJE ; 3rd joint as long or longer than the 2nd. ; Thorax. Pronotwn gradually narrower to the front, slightly con- vex and anteriorly and posteriorly deflected ; anterior margin very concave ; lateral margins incrassated, yellowish ; posterior margin straight, but rounded abruptly towards the lateral margins. Across the centre of the disk a deep, wide, transverse furrow, which does not extend to the sides ; before and adjoining this furrow a transverse unpunctured space. The punctures are not close together, and are finer on the posterior portion of the disk. Scutellwn: punctures equally fine throughout ; apex concave, almost unpunctured. Elytra : Clavus and Corium with punctures similar to those on the scutel- lum ; nerves smooth. Corium ; the anterior margin incrassated, whitish ; in the centre a somewhat oval, whitish, unpunctured spot ; posterior margin straight ; Memlrane deep brown. Sternum coarsely punctured, with 3 transverse channels, the fore and hinder ones deepest ; Prosternum with a shallow rostral channel. Legs black ; tarsi piceous. Abdomen beneath very finely punctured; Connevivum narrow yellowish. Length, 3 lines. Not common round London ; spring and autumn. Species 4. SEHIRUS MORIO. CIMEX MORIO, Lin. F. S. 250, 932 (1761) ; S. N. 1, 722, 51 (1767) ; Fab. E. S. iv, 124, 171 (1794) ; Wolf, Ic. Cim. 67, t. 7, Gg. 64 (1801). 56 SCUTATINA. CYDNUS MOIUO, Fab. S. E. 184, 3 (1803) ; Paw. F. G. 32, 15 ; Fall. Mon. Cim. 52, 1 (1807); Hem. Suec. 18, 1 (1829); Ilahn, Wanz. 1, 263, t. 25, fig. 84 (C. ni- grita) (1831); Burm. Handb. ii, 375, 6 (1835); Eamb. F. And. ii, 112, 3 (1842) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 159, 4(1860). PENTATOMA Lep. et Serv. Enc. x, 58 (1825). SBHIRUS Am. et Serv. Hem. 96, 1 (1843); Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 20, 1 (1848) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 367, 2 (1861). Black, slightly convex, shining, finely punctured. Head broad, almost semicircular before the eyes ; the Crown convex, lightly punctured, the front coarsely punctured. Antenna : 1st joint short, piceous ; 2nd dark yellow ; 3rd black, about the same length as the 2nd; 4th and 5th black, in length subequal, but longer than the 3rd ; the extreme tip of the 3rd and 4th, and the petiole of the 4th and 5th yellowish. Eyes prominent, somewhat pointed. Ocelli large, red. Rostrum brown or piceous, scarcely reaching to the middle coxa3, 2nd joint the longest. Thorax. Pronotum : lateral margins finely reflexed ; hinder angles raised ; on the disk, at a short distance from the anterior margin, a broad, transverse, unpunctured space, in form somewhat quadrangu- lar, but with the anterior angles prolonged towards the anterior angles of the pronotum ; the punctures are sharper, deeper, and wider apart than those on the head. Scutellum very slightly con- vex, the deflected apex slightly concave and almost punctureless. Elytra : Corium ; the anterior margin reflexed ; posterior margin slightly sinuate; Membrane fuscous brown, clearer at the base, or all whitish brown. Sternum coarsely punctured ; 3 transverse femoral channels, the anterior and posterior being the deepest ; Prosternum ; the rostral channel shallow, widened in front, the sides terminating in a short, blunt process. Legs : tibice piceous, tarsi paler. Abdomen very convex beneath, very minutely punctured. Length, 2| 3i lines. Not common in the London district ; taken in spring and autumn. fipecies 5. SEHIRUS ALBOMARGINATUS. CIMEX ALBOMARGINATUS, Fab. E. S. iv, 123, 168 (1794) ; S. 11. 179, 121 (1803); Pauz. F. G. 33, 20; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 65, t. 7, fig. 62 (1801). CYDNID.E. 57 CYDNUS ALBOMAKGINATUS, Hahn, Wanz. i, 167, t. 26, 6g. 86 (1831); Burm. Handb. ii, 375, 4 (1835); Eamb. Faun. And. ii, 111, 2 (184-2) ; Schitt. Arb. and Verand. 183, 33 (1844) ; Kolen, Mel. Ent. iv, 66, 194 (1846) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 156, 2 (1860). SEHIRUS Am. et Serv. Hem. 97, 4 (1843). GNATHOCONUS - Fieb. Europ. Hem. 366, 1 (1861). Black, very convex above and beneath, shining ; above very deeply but finely punctured ; the lateral margins of the pronotum and elytra yellowish white. Head very much deflected, nearly vertical, almost quadrate, rather longer than broad ; Face ; the anterior margin deeply notched ; the margin of the side lobes and the apex of the short, narrow, central lobe slightly reflexed. Antennce : basal tubercle small, nearer to the rostrum than the eyes ; 1st and 2nd joints in length subequal, each larger than the 3rd ; the 1st joint is piceous, the 2nd yellowish, the rest black, with the apex narrowly piceous. Eyes small, rather prominent. Ocelli small, black. Rostrum piceous, the base paler, reaching to the 2nd pair of coxaa. Thorax. Pronotum : the lateral margins yellowish white, very deli- cately reflexed ; disk, towards each side with a slight fovea. Scutellum; the apex almost punctureless, above the deflexion concave. Elytra : Corium with the punctures deeper, wider apart, and more in rows than on the scutellum ; anterior margin yellowish white ; posterior margin straight : Membrane transparent, whitish. Sternum deeply, coarsely punctured, with three transverse channels, of which that on the prosternum is deepest ; Prosternum with a wide rostral channel. Legs black ; hinder tibiae with finer spines than on the other tibi ; tarsi piceous. Abdomen beneath very convex, shining, smooth. Length, 2 2i lines. Common in the London district, at the roots of grass, on dry banks, in spring and autumn. 58 SCUTAT[NA. FAMILY 2. ODONTOSCELID^E. Genus 1. CORIMEL^NA, White. (Mag. Nat. Hist, iii, 24 (1839). Oval, very convex above. Head much deflected, almost vertical, very broad, short, rounded in front, margin slightly reflexed, central lobe of the face scarcely so long as the side lobes. Antennae : tubercle very small, inserted half way between the eye and the rostrum, and pointing directly inwards; 1st, 3rd, and 4th joints in length subequal; 2nd much shorter ; 5th a trifle longer than the 4th, fusiform ; the 4th and 5th thicker than the others. Eyes rather pointed and prominent. Ocelli small, distant, inserted close to the eyes. Rostrum reaching to the 2nd pair of coxae, base in a shallow oval channel ; 1st joint shortest, 2nd and 3rd of equal length, and longer than the 4th. Tlwrax: Pronotum transverse, almost hexagonal, very convex, hinder angles much raised, within them, depressed ; anterior margin straight as far as the sides of the head, then suddenly produced and deflected behind the eyes ; sides much rounded, margins delicately reflexed; hinder and posterior angles rounded; posterior margin nearly straight. Scutellum neither so long nor so wide as the abdomen, the sides sinuate, being constricted close to the base. Elytra straight, the uncovered portion of the corium alone coria- ceous, the rest membranous ; Membrane with the (? 5) nerves scarcely perceptible. Prosternum divided in the centre, the plates raised over the rostrum and base of the head, forming a channel for the reception of the antennae; on each side a deep, transverse channel. Legs short, strong ; tibia outwardly channeled, the edges finely spined ; tarsi, 2nd joint shortest, 3rd longest. Abdomen convex above and beneath ; Connexwum narrow. Species 1 CORIMEL^ENA SCARAB^EOIDES. CIMEX SCAKABJSOIDES, Lin. S. N. 1, 716, 4 (1767) ; 'Fab. E. S. iv, 89, 37 (1794) ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 4, t. i, fig. 4 (1800). THYREOCOKIS Schrk. F. Boic. ii, 69, 1096 (1801) ; Hahn, Wanz. ii, 47, t. 45, fig. 141 (1834); Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 9, 128 (1846). ODONTOSCELID^E. 59 TETYBA SCARABJSOIDES, Fab. S. R. 143, 70 (1803) ; Fall. Mon. Cim. 42, 3 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 16, 6 (1829). ODONTOSCELIS Burn. Handb. ii, 385, i (1835) ; Germ. Zeits. i, 38, 3 (1839) ; H. Schf. Wanz. v, 34 (1839). CORIMEL.ENA White, Mag. Nat. Hist, iii, 24 (1839); Fieb. Europ. Hem. 365 (1861). COREOMELAS Am. et Serv. Hem. 68, i (1843) ; Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 17, 1 (1848) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 150 (1860). Black, metallic-shining, thickly punctured above and beneath. Head: Antennce and also the tubercle piceous. Eyes piceous. Ocelli black. Rostrum light brown. Thorax. Elytra; Membrane whitish. Wings whitish. Tarsi piceous. Abdomen with extremely fine punctures. Length, \\ If lines. Scarce. Purley Downs, near Croydon, in spring, under fallen leaves; near Gloucester (W. V. Guise); Mickleham (E. C.Rye); on the sand-hills near Burnham (W. Wilson Saunders). Genus 2. ODONTOSCELIS, Lap. Elliptic, broad, very convex. Head very much deflected, very broad, convex, rounded to the front; Face; side lobes as long as the middle lobe. Antenna inserted half way between the eye and the rostrum in a direct line, 1st, 4th, and 5th joints in length and breadth subequal, 2nd shorter, 3rd two thirds the length of the 2nd, the 5th fusiform. Eyes small, subreniform. Ocelli small, distant. Rostrum reaching to the 3rd pair of coxae, the base in a deep channel, of which the sides are much produced ; 2nd joint longest, 3rd joint rather longer than the 4th, but shorter than the 1st. Thorax. Pronolum quadrangular, transverse, convex ; anteriorly wider than the head and eyes, anterior angles obtusely produced ; lateral margins rounded in front, near the hinder angle with a notch ; hinder angles broadly rounded ; posterior margin straight. Scutellum very convex, as long as the abdomen and nearly as wide, leaving only a small portion at the side thereof and of the base of the corium visible. Elytra : the uncovered portion of the corium alone coriaceous, the rest membranous; Membrane with 5 long 60 SCUTATINA. nerves. Sternum : Prosternum with a deep rostral channel, of which the end in front is widened and the raised margin extended to the base of the antennse, forming a channel for their reception ; Meso- and Metasternum with the rostral channel shallower; Pro- and Mesosternum with a deep transverse channel. Legs, short, strong ; thighs compressed ; tibia with short, fine spines ; on the outer side a channel, deepest in the first pair ; tarsi, 2nd joint short ; all the joints hairy beneath. Abdomen convex above and beneath ; Connexivum moderate. Species 1. ODONTOSCELIS FULIGINOSUS. CIMEX FULIGINOSUS, Linn. S. N. i, 716, 8 (1767); Fab. E. S. iv, 90, 42 (1794); Wolff, Ic. Cim. 50, t. 5, fig. 47 (1801). LITURA, Fab. E. S. iv, 90, 43 (1794). TETYRA FULIGINOSA, Fab. S. R. 139, 50 (1803); Panz. F. G. 112, 14; Fall. MOD. Cim. 42, 2 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 15, 5 (1829) ; Curt. B. E. xv, fig. 685 (1838). LITURA, Fab. S. R. 139, 51 (1803). SCUTELLERA FULIGINOSA, Lat. Gen. iii, 114, 4 (1807) ; Lam. Hist. Nat. iii, 491, 3 (1816); Schill. Arb. u. Verancl. 160 (184-3). TETYRA CARBONARIA, Zett, Act, Holm. 70, 19 (1819); Fall. Hem. Suec. 13, 3 (1829). ODONTOSCELIS FULIGINOSUS, Lap. Hem. 74 (1832) ; Burnt. Handb. ii, 385, 3 (1835); H. Sch. Norn. Ent. i, 53 & 88 (1835) ; Am. et Serv. Hem. 69, 1 (1843); Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 5, 122 (1846) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 152 (1860) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 378, 2 (1861). URSOCORIS FULIGINOSA et LITURA, Hahn, Wanz. ii, 49 & 50, t. 46, fig. 142 & 143 (1834). ARCTOCORIS Germ. Zeits. i. 47, 1, (1839). Fusco-luteous, black-pnnctured, slightly shining, covered with very short, depressed pile, the circumference with strong, projecting, yellow hairs. Underside pitchy black, finely pilose, punctured. Head black above and beneath. Antenna black or piceous. Ocelli very small, red. Rostrum luteous, the last two joints piceous. ODONTOSCELID^E. 61 Thorax. Pronotum black in front, more or less luteous behind, on the posterior half a central fine, lighter, longitudinal line, and sometimes on each side of this another similar, but ill defined; sides coarsely punctured ; broadly incrassated, the incrassated portion widest in front, bounded inwardly by a deep, narrow, longitudinal, bent channel, in the middle of which is a deep fovea ; on the anterior third of the disk two transverse, lobate, scarcely raised, black spaces, of which the apex does not reach the centre, and the base rests upon the longitudinal channel. Scutellum luteous, more or less variegated with small black marks, the punctures wider apart than on the pronotum, the base usually black, towards the sides with a deep fovea ; in the centre a narrow, pale luteous line extends nearly the whole length, wider before its termination, and then bordered on each side with a short, thick, black line ; half way between the cen- tral line and the side, a thick, black line extends from the base to beyond the middle, ceasing abruptly ; this line is generally bordered with pale luteous, but it is sometimes broken into two or three pieces ; sometimes the ground colour of the scutellum is luteous almost without markings, at other times a piceous shade prevails. Elytra : the small uncovered portion of the corium piceous or luteo- piceous. Sternum black, finely punctured. Legs : Goxce luteous ; thighs and t'ibice piceous or black ; tarsi piceous. Abdomen piceous, darker at the sides ; Gonnexivum alternately black and luteous. Underside pitchy-black, punctured, shining, finely haired ; the segments drawn up in the centre ; in the $ , on the 4th and 5th, on each side of the middle, two, conjoined, trans- verse, large, oval, dull spots with transverse lines of golden hairs. Length, 3 3| lines. Deal. FAMILY 3. SCIOCORID^E. Genus 1. Sciocoms, Fall. Egg-oval, slightly convex above, more convex beneath. Head almost flat, semi-ovate ; Face ; central lobe narrow, shorter than the side lobes which meet in front of it ; anterior margin with a scarcely perceptible notch. Antenna rather short, slender ; tu- bercle small, pointed ; 1st joint stout, short ; 2nd long ; 3rd varies 62 SCUTATINA. in length ; 4th and 5th of equal length, each longer than the 2nd. Eyes small, rounded, prominent. Ocelli small, distant. Rostrum reaching to the 3rd pair of coxae, very wide beyond the base ; 2nd joint long, 3rd and 4th very short, of equal length ; the sides of the rostral channel a little produced and rounded in front. Thorax. Pronotwn transverse, subquadrangular, very slightly convex, in front wider than the head, straight behind the head, but with the anterior angles suddenly produced and then cut off straight behind the eyes ; sides produced into a thin plate, almost straight, but gradually narrower, and rounded towards the obtuse anterior angles ; posterior margin nearly straight, but towards the hinder angles broadly rounded, the angles themselves acute ; posteriorly the disk is raised, especially within the hinder angles. Scutellum half the length of the abdomen, slightly convex, subtriangular, at the base much narrower than the abdomen, apex broadly rounded ; in the centre an indistinct keel. Elytra : Coriwn ; all the margins rounded ; Membrane with 5 long nerves. Sternum with a shallow rostral channel and 2 deep transverse channels for the fore and middle thighs. Legs short, strong ; tilice, outer side flat, the margins den- tate; tarsi strong, 1st and 3rd joints of equal length, 2nd very short. Abdomen convex beneath; Connexivum very broad, not covered by the elytra. Species 1. SCIOCORIS TERREUS. CIMEX TERREUS, Schrk. Faun. Boic. sp. 1109 (1801). UMBRINUS, Wolff, Ic. Cim. 142, 1. 14, fig. 136 (1804) ; Panz. F. G. 93, 15. CYDNUS Fall. Mon. Cim. 54, 5 (1807). SCIOCORIS Fall. Hem. Suec. 21, 1 (1829) ; Hahn, Wanz. 1, 195, t. 31, fig. 100 (1831) ; H. Sch. Norn. Ent. 1, 55 & 91 (1835); Burm. Handb. ii, 373, 5 (1835); Ramb. Faun. And. ii, 120, 4 (1842); Am. et Serv. Hem. 120, 1 (1843); Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 23, 1 (1848) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 358, ,10 (1861). UMBRINA, Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 111, 1 (1860). TERREUS, Fieb. Europ. Hem. 361, 18 (1861). Dull, pale luteous, more or less shaded with brown, thickly covered with fine black punctures. SCIOCORHLE. 63 Head brown, margin delicately reflexed; Crown with a pale luteous central keel, which joins the base of the central lobe of the face ; on each side of the keel darker brown, interrupted by a pale curved line ; Face ; central lobe raised, pale luteous, darker at the sides. Underside strongly and thickly black-punctured, especially in front. Antenna : 3rd joint two thirds the length of the 2nd ; 1st piceous ; 2nd dark yellowish ; 3rd and 4th piceous, with the base and tip dark yellowish ; 5th piceous, the petiole pale. JEyes black, moderate, projecting as far as the outer angle of the pronotum. Ocelli red, shining. JRostrum luteous, the last two joints black. Thorax. Pronotum with dark clouds of brown, sometimes hind- wardly clearer ; sides broadly pale luteous, margins delicately re- flexed ; in the centre a very slight tranverse, waved line, behind which the disk is a little depressed ; within the hinder angles a dis- tinct callus. Scutellum almost as long as the corium, the sides gradually receding to the broadly rounded apex ; the centre raised into a low, broad keel, exterior to which, on each side, is a depres- sion; at the base, near the sides, two whitish, shining, slightly raised spots, outwardly and inwardly shaded with brown ; the inner shade extends to the centre of the base, but is interrupted by a faint yellowish line running diagonally to the keel. Elytra: Corium; the nerves raised ; towards the centre two or three small black spots ; Membrane brown, with darker nerves. Sternum : centre and sides broadly black ; prosternum strongly black-punctured. Legs luteous ; thighs beneath, with brown punctures, which tend to form 2 or 3 irregular bands; tibia; spines black; tarsi piceous, the 1st joint paler. Abdomen beneath convex, strongly, distantly brown-punctured, rufo-luteous, centre paler, faintly bordered with rufous; on each side of the centre, but distant from it, a broad, irregularly denned, black band, gradually narrower to, and ending on the 6th segment ; within the limits of this band the 1st and 2nd segments are quite black (the posterior margins excepted) ; on the middle of the 6th segment a large subquadrangular, black spot, which does not reach to the end of the longitudinal band ; or the under side is piceous, with central and lateral luteous lines ; Stigmata black, with a pearly- white spot and a brown shade attached to its inner side ; Connexivum above and beneath alternately broadly brown and luteous. Length, 2^3 lines. Not common. Sand-hills at Deal, in spring and autumn. 64 SCUTATINA. FAMILY 4 EURYG ASTRIDE. Genus 1. EURYG ASTER, Lap. Broad, oval, convex. Head deflected, broad, convex, triangular, rounded in front, the central lobe of the face not elevated. Antennce slender, gradually thicker from the base upwards, inserted near the eyes ; 1st joint short ; 2nd curved ; 2nd and 4th longer than the 1st ; 3rd shorter ; 5th longest, subfusiform. Eyes; the portion which is above the lateral margin of the head, triangular, convex. Ocelli very small, distant. Rostrum reaching to the 3rd pair of coxae ; the base in a channel, narrow in front and very wide and oval behind, where also the sides are produced ; 2nd joint the longest. Thorax. Pronotum very convex, hexagonal, wider than long, anteriorly narrow, posteriorly very wide ; anterior margin rather longer than the width of the head, concave between the eyes and nearly straight behind them ; lateral margins nearly straight or rounded, delicately reflexed; hinder and posterior angles much rounded ; posterior margin straight, with a short furrow from within the hinder angles. Scutellum convex, with the base more raised, as long as the abdomen, but not so wide, leaving a broad portion of the elytra and abdomen uncovered ; sides straight, posteriorly broadly rounded ; the disk in the centre with a short keel. Elytra : anterior margin nearly straight; Gorium; the uncovered portion coriaceous, widest at its base, gradually narrower till it meets the scutellum at the end of the straight part of its margin ; the covered portion mem- branous ; Membrane with many (15 20) long nerves. Sternum : Prosternum divided in the centre and produced on each side of the rostral channel into a thin plate, which is rounded off and raised at the sides and in front, forming, with the base of the head, a channel in which the antenna lie when at rest. Legs short, strong ; thighs flattened; tibia (especially the 1st pair) angulated, the margins raised and set with very short spines or teeth ; tarsi hairy beneath ; the 2nd joint shortest. Abdomen ovate, rather convex beneath ; the segments shorter in the centre than at the sides, their posterior margins very concave, and that of the last segment deeply cut out for the reception of the EURYGASTRID.E. 65 genital segments, which fill the entire space so formed. Of the Genital segments beneath ; in the $ only one is visible, the surface is varied with slight elevations, the posterior margin concave in the centre, and thence sinuate to the sides : in the 3 segments are seen, the first 2 forming transverse, narrow, overlapping plates, of which the posterior margin in the centre is slightly notched, and thence rounded to the sides ; the third, on the posterior margin, is in the centre sharply notched, and thence continued nearly straight to the points of the last abdominal segment. Connexivum hori- zontal, much rounded and widened posteriorly, and not covered by the elytra or scutellum. Species 1. EURYGASTER MAURUS. CIMEX MAURUS, Lin. F. S. 246, 913 (1761); Scop. Ent. Cam. 120, 352 (1763) ; Lin. S. N. 1, 716, 5 (1767) ; Rossi, F. B. ii, 227, 1290 (1790); Fab. E. S. iv, 87, 30 (1794); Wolff, Ic. Cim. 135, t. 13, fig. 129 a, b, c, d (1804). THYREOCORIS AUSTRIACA, Schrank, F. B. ii, 68, L095 (1801). TETYRA MAURA et PICTA, Fab. S. R. 136, 36 & 38 (1803). Fall. Mon. Cim. 41, 1 (1807); Hem. Suec. 12, 2 (1829); Burm. Handb. ii, 390, 3 (1835); H. Schf. Norn. Ent. i, 53 & 89 (1835); Germ. Zeits. i, 73, 3 (1839) ; Eamb. Faun. And. ii, 100, 5 (1842). SCUTELLERA MAURA, L. Duf. Rech. Hem. 26 (1833). BELLOCORIS PICTUS, Hahn, Wanz. ii, 45, t. 45, fig, 140 (1834). ODONTOTARSUS MAURUS et PICTUS, Spin. Hem. 363, 4 & 5 (1837). EURYGASTER Am. et Serv. Hem. 53, 2 (1843); Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 15, 1 (1848) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 85, 1 (1860) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 1, 370, 3 (1861). MAURA, Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 10, 129 (1846). Varies in colour from fulvous brown without markings to luteous with stripes and shades of brown ; smooth, slightly shining. Head deeply punctured above and beneath, central lobe of the face as long as the side lobes, narrowed in front. Antenna yel- lowish-red, 4th joint piceous towards the tip, 5th piceous or black, 4th and 5th with very short hairs. Rostrum luteous, the last 2 joints piceous or black. Thorax. Pronotum deeply punctured like the head ; sides nearly 5 66 SCUTATINA. straight to the hinder angle ; on the first third of the disk an indis- tinct transverse sinuated line; in the centre a faint longitudinal line. Scutellum at the base crenate-punctate, the rest with finer punctures than the pronotum ; close to and touching the pronotum are two distant, small, ovate, whitish, shining nodules ; the central keel very short and ill defined. Elytra : the uncovered portion punctured like the scutellum. Sternum : Prosternum black-punc- tured, especially towards the sides ; Meso- and Metasternum finer and more sparsely punctured. Legs luteous or reddish ; thighs beneath with black punctures in rows ; tibiae with a row of connected black punctures on the inner side ; tarsi concolorous with the tibiae, claws and pulvilli rather darker. Abdomen above black, smooth ; beneath luteo-ferrugineous, deli- cately black punctured; Connexivum horizontal, the upper side deflected, alternately broadly black and fulvous, coarsely punctured. length, 4 5 lines. In the lighter-coloured examples the head and pronotum are tra- versed longitudinally by dark-brown stripes ; of these, on the pro- notum, one on each side of the pale central line is the more conspi- cuous: the scutellum is also more or less clouded with brown, leaving three clear subovate patches ; the largest of these reaches from the apex nearly half the length upwards, the others are placed above this, but -more towards the sides. Scopoli ('Ent. Carn.', p. 120), remarks that in all the varieties the colouring of the insect beneath is always the same. " Subtus autem in omnibus hisce meis varietatibus color unus et idem, nempe ferrugineus, punctis fuscis ubique variegatus." According to Leon Dufour this species is common in France upon the ears of wheat, which it pierces 'and sucks while they are in a green state. Folkestone, July to September. Species 2. EURYGASTER HOTTENTOTTUS. CIMEX HOTTENTOTTA, Fad. E. S. iv, 87, 31 (1794) ; Panz. F. G. 11], 7. THYREOCOIUS CUCULLATA, Schrk. F B. ii, 68, 1094- (1801). TETYRA HOTTENTOTTA, Fab. S. R. 136, 37 (1803) ; Bvrm. Handb. ii, 390, 2 (1835); H. Schf. Norn. Ent. 1, 53 (1835) ; Germ. Zeits. 1, 73, 2 (1839) ; Ramb. Faun. And. ii, 101, 6 (1842). EURYCASTRID^E. TETYRA NIGRA, Fab. S. R. 136, 39 (1803). CIMEX MAURUS, Wolff, Ic. Cim. 135, t. 13, fig. 129 b (1804). EURYGASTER HoTTENTOTTUS, Lap. Hem. 69 (1832). BELLOCORIS MAURUS, Hahn, Wanz. ii, 44, t. 45, fig. 139 (1834). EURYGASTER HOTTENTOTTUS, Am. et Serv. Hem. 53, 1 (1843) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 369, 2 (1861). HOTTENTOTA, Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 12, 131 (1846). Very broad throughout, slightly shining. Varies in colour from brown-ochreous to black, finely punctured all over, still finer on the scutellum, the punctures either concolorous or black. Head wide ; Face ; the central lobe not so long as the side lobes, which meet in front and enclose it. Thorax. Pronotum; the sides gently rounded, at the hinder angles very much rounded ; on the 1st third of the disk a delicate transverse line which does not reach the sides, before this line and towards its ends are usually two, nearly smooth, angulated spaces : in some specimens these latter characters are not present. Scut ellum ; the raised basal portion crenate-punctate ; behind this is the central keel, broad and dwarf, but distinct, ending at about f rds of the length of the scutellum, the disk sloping thence roof- like (not convex) to the sides. Abdomen. Connexivum rather strongly punctured. Length, 6 lines. Bare : a single specimen, captured casually by Mr. Ernest Adams, is of the brown-ochreous type ; the antennae yellow, with the 4th joint piceous towards the apex, and the 5th joint black, except the base, which is narrowly yellow ; the base of the pronotum is narrowly black, the colour curving upwards at the junction of the hinder and posterior margins, widening and forming two broad, out-curving bands, which suddenly stop before they reach the centre of the disk ; exterior to these, within each hinder angle, is a distinct black spot ; there is a similar spot on the base of the Corium, and on its sides two black lines. Connexivtim with indistinct dark spots. This species is at once distinguished from E. maurus by its greater size, and by the central lobe of the face not reaching the anterior margin. 68 SCUTATINA. FAMILY 5. Genus 1. J^LIA, Fab. Head triangular, elongated, curved, thick. Antennae slender, flat- tened ; tubercles small, appressed, inserted near, but anterior to each eye, pointing obliquely inwards. Eyes round, small, but rather prominent. Ocelli very small, distant. Rostrum long, slender, 2nd joint the longest, 3rd and 4th of about equal length, shorter than the first ; rostral channel deep, wide in front, the sides much produced. Thorax. Pronotum hexagonal, convex, hinder sides short, much rounded. Scutellum more than half the length of the abdomen, but not nearly so wide, sides slightly sinuate, end rounded. Elytra: Corium with the posterior margin rounded ; Membrane with 7 long nerves. Sternum with a rostral channel ; Prosternum on each side with a shallow transverse channel ; the anterior margin is divided in the centre, and produced into 2 thin plates over the base of the head, forming a channel for the antennse when at rest. Legs mode- rate ; thighs compressed ; tibia outwardly flattened, the margins reflexed ; tarsi ; 1st joint longer and stouter than the 3rd ; 2nd joint shortest. Abdomen ovate, convex beneath ; Connexivum horizontal, narrow, a little wider on the 6th segment. The genital segments in the $ are not visible on the upper side, but in the ? they project beyond the last abdominal segment, the posterior margin of the last being nearly straight. Species 1. ^ELIA ACUMINATA. CIMEX ACUMINATUS, Lin. F. S. 251, 939 (1761); S. N. 1, 723, 59 (1767). -ZEuA ACUMINATA, Curt. B. E. xv, pi. 704 (1838). NEGLECTA, Vail. Cat. Hem. 1, 223, 3 (1851). PALLIDA, Kust. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 13, 394, 4 (1852) ; Ffar, Rhyn. Liv. i, 121, 2 (1860) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 352, 5 (1861). Elliptic, narrow and pointed in front, flavous or ochreous, with a green tinge, thickly and finely black-punctured, and down the centre of the insect a black stripe, gradually widening as far as . E. 69 the base of the pronotum, and then converging to a point at the end of the scutellum, a strong, raised, yellow line being in the centre of the black stripe. Head. Face ; central lobe yellow, hindwardly a little raised, the apex pointed, depressed ; side lobes convex, much longer than the central lobe, meeting together and enclosing it ; apex of each rounded, leaving a small notch between them ; sides at first almost parallel, then perceptibly constricted, afterwards widened out and slightly sinuate, the margins closely black-punctured. In the middle of the head is a black, punctured stripe, beginning in a point at the apex, gradually widening almost as far as the base of the central lobe, and then continued with straight sides to the base of the head ; in the middle of this stripe, dividing it into two, is first the central yellow lobe, and then a line of the same width and colour continued from its base to the base of the head. Antennae red, the base yellowish, apex brown ; 1st and 2nd joints short, subequal ; 3rd nearly twice as long as the 2nd ; 4th and 5th subequal, each a little longer than the 3rd, and much thicker. Eyes black, rounded. Ocelli red. Ros- trum reaching to the 3rd pair of COXBB ; rostral channel at first wide, oval, with the sides thick, then constricted and shallow, but suddenly raised into thin plates, which end abruptly at the base of the head ; viewed sideways across the constricted part, a portion of the sides appears to have been roundly cut out. Thorax. Pronotum ; anteriorly straight, as wide as the head and eyes; sides long, nearly straight, a little constricted in the middle ; margins incrassated, yellowish, posteriorly obtusely dentate ; hinder sides rounded, deflected; posterior margin straight. Down the centre of the disk, in continuation of the stripe on the head, is a broad, black, punctured stripe, gradually wider to the posterior margin, and hindwardly fainter in colour, divided down the centre by a smooth, raised, yellow line, and boifnded on the sides by a slighter yellow line ; within the lateral margin a narrower, black, punctured stripe, lying posteriorly in a groove, on the outer side of which, within the hinder angles, the disk is much raised ; the space between the central and lateral black stripes is of the luteous ground colour, with concolorous finer punctures and indications of lines. Scutellum ; at the basal angles a very short black line ; in the centre a broad black-punctured stripe, gradually decreasing in width and colour to the apex, where it ends in a point ; in the centre of the 70 SCUTATINA. stripe is a smooth, raised yellow line, which decreases with it in width ; and on each side is the indication of a smooth line ; the rest of the scutellum is of the luteous ground colour, with concolorous punctures finer than those in the stripe. Elytra : Corium luteous or ochreous, with a greenish tinge, the anterior margin concolor- ously punctured as far inwards as the first nerve, which is strong, smooth, raised, and yellow ; within this black-punctured, finer than on the pronotum ; Membrane transparent. Wings transparent, the base of the nervures black. Sternum luteous, finely punctured ; Prosternum ; the plates of the divided segment produced anteriorly ; reflexed and rounded off to behind the eyes. Legs yellow; thighs beneath, delicately brown-punctured, with two contiguous black dots beyond the middle ; tibice with very fine short hairs, the first pair finely brown-punctured ; tarsi yellow, the margins of the joints beneath and the claws brown. Abdomen above, black, with a yellow line in the middle of the 6th segment ; Connexivum yellow. Underside luteous, with concolorous fine punctures and 4 series of very fine black punctures, fainter on the 5th and 6th segments ; stigmata black. Length, 3-^ 4 lines. Local. Darenth Wood, June ; Weybridge, amongst grass, August. Genus 2. ^ELIOIDES, A. Dohrn. Sub-elliptic, narrowed in front. Head deflected and curved, especially in front, broad, subtrian- gular; Face; apex rounded, notched in the centre; sides much rounded, slightly sinuate; side lobes outwardly raised, inwardly depressed, meeting beyond and enclosing the central lobe, which is narrow, yet well defined, but at its fine apex depressed. Antennae; each inserted on a stout tubercle rising near but anterior to each eye, and pointing forward, with its outer side produced into a short, blunt spine ; 1st joint short ; 2nd and 3rd slender, 3rd as long as the first, 2nd ^-rd longer; 4th and 5th stout, 4th as long as the 2nd, 5th longest, fusiform. Eyes small, prominent, inner and posterior sides straight, outwardly rounded. Ocelli small, distant. Rostrum reach- ing beyond the 2nd pair of coxae ; 1st joint short, 2nd very long, 3rd short, wide and flat, 4th longer than the 3rd ; the base lies in a JELUDJE. 71 short, oval channel, the sides of which are much produced and rounded. Thorax. Pronotum almost hexagonal, convex ; hindwardly, espe- cially within the hinder angles, much raised ; in front nearly straight, wider than the head, anterior angles produced into a small tooth ; sides widely divergent, lateral margin wide, incrassated, posteriorly ending abruptly ; hinder and posterior angles much rounded ; pos- terior margin, opposite the scutellum, straight. Scutellum frds the length of the abdomen, subtriangular, base not so wide as the abdo- men, sides slightly sinuate, apex broadly rounded. Elytra : Corium ; posterior margin rounded ; Membrane with 5 nerves. Sternum ; Prosternum ; rostral channel very wide, the plate on each side much produced, raised, and rounded off ; transverse channel deep ; Meso- sternum ; the rostral channel wide and shallow. Legs short, stout ; thighs compressed ; tibia outwardly flattened, slightly hairy ; tarsi strongly hairy beneath, 1st joint longer aifd stouter than the 3rd, 2nd shortest. Abdomen semi-elliptic, convex beneath ; Connexivum moderate, of equal breadth throughout, horizontal. Species 1. J^LIOIDES INFLEXA. CYDNUS INFLEXUS, Wolf, Ic. Cim. 188, t. ]8, fig. 182 (1811). CIMEX PERLATUS, Fall. Hem. Suec. 32, 18 (1829). EYSARCORIS INFLEXUS, Hahn, "Wanz. ii, 129, t. 70, fig. 210 (1834). ^BLIA INFLEXA, Ramb. Eaun. And. ii, 106, 2 (1842) ; Am. et Serv. Hem. 134, 2 (1843) ; Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 29, 39 (1848) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 124, 3 (1860). PENTATONIA INFLEXUM, H. Schf. Norn. Ent. i, 55 & 92 (1835) ; Wanz. vii, 93 (1844). Sciocoms INFLEXUS, Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 31, 153 (1846). PENTATOMA INFLEXA, Gorski, Anal. 76, 42 (1852). LINEOLATA, Muls. An. Soc. Lin. 84 (1852). ^LIOIDES INFLEXA, Dohrn y Stett. Ent. Zeit. 21, 101 (1860). PLATYSOLEN INFLEXUS, Fieb. Europ. Hem. 334, 3 (1861). Luteous, shining, thickly and finely black-punctured. Head piceous or bronzed, lighter at the sides, coarsely punctured ; on the Crown a yellow line mostly extending to the central lobe of iheface, at each side of this line another shorter and finer. Antenna; 72 SCUTATINA. tubercle yellow, the spine piceous ; the first 3 joints yellow, the 4th and 5th black. Eyes piceous, hindwardly yellow. Ocelli reddish. Rostrum luteous, the labrum darker, last joint piceous ; the curved margin of the rostral channel yellow. Underside of the head rugosely black-punctured. Thorax. Pronotum ; in the centre a longitudinal, fine, yellow line ; from this on the anterior 3rd a many-sinuated, faint, transverse line extends to the lateral margins ; close to this anteriorly are two longish, narrow, irregular smooth spaces. Scutellum with a fine pale line down the centre, at the extremity of which is a dark spot, the base often shaded with brown, on the outer margins a very narrow black spot, joined to which is a pale -yellow, shining, comma-shaped spot. Elytra : Corium punctured like the scutellum and pronotum ; membrane piceous or fuscous. Sternum pale luteous, sparsely black- punctured, more thickly at the sides and in front ; rostral channel black. Legs : coxce and thighs pale luteous, the latter with brown punctures in longitudinal rows, two or three punctures towards the apex larger and darker than the rest ; tibiae darker towards the tip ; tarsi luteous, 3rd joint piceous. Length, 2^ 3 lines. Local. Dartford Brent ; Weybridge ; in July and August. FAMILY 6. PODOPID^E. Genus 1, PODOPS, Lap. Elliptic, convex; pronotum armed at the anterior angles; eyes prominent. ^ Head subquadrangular, widest behind the eyes ; Face rounded in front, central lobe scarcely so long as the side lobes, leaving an apical notch. Antenna short ; the tubercles at the base of the eyes, the outer side produced into a short, obtuse, curved spine ; 1st joint stout, 2nd slender, shorter ; 3rd and 4th stouter than the 2nd, in length subequal, nearly as long as the 1st ; 5th longest and stoutest, fusi- form ; Eyes semi-oval, very prominent, not touching the pronotum. Ocelli prominent, distant. Rostrum reaching to the 3rd pair of coxae, slender, basal joint in a channel the sides of which are much produced. Thorax. Pronotum convex, hexagonal, anterior margin longer than the width of the head, a little concave, with a stout process at each PODOPID^E. 73 anterior angle, sides straight, margins broadly reflexed, terminat- ing posteriorly in a tooth ; hinder angles rounded ; hinder sides de- flected ; posterior margin straight ; disk in front, raised into a short, central, longitudinal keel, on each side of which is a furrow ex- tending to the anterior angle, on the inner side of the process. Scutellum nearly as long as the abdomen, but not so wide ; convex, subquadrangular, rounded behind, sides slightly sinuate. Elytra: Corium ; the portion uncovered by the scutellum alone coriaceous, the rest membranous ; Membrane with 5 long nerves. Sternum without rostral channel ; Prosternum on each side with a transverse channel. Legs short, stout ; tibia with short hairs, 1st pair angu- lated ; tarsi hairy beneath, 2nd joint very small. Abdomen convex above and beneath ; Connexivum narrow, the sides posteriorly not covered by scutellum or elytra. Species 1. PODOPS INTJNCTUS. CIMEX INUNCTTJS, Fad. E. S. iv, 90. 45 (1794) ; Panz. F. G. 36, 24 ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 5, t. 1, fig. 5 (1800). TETYRA INTJNCTA et TANGIRA, Fab. S. R. 139, 53 & 138, 49 (1803). TANGIRA, Fall. Hem. Suec. 16, 7 (1829). - PODOPS INUNCTUS, Lap. Hem. 72 (1832) ; Burnt. Handb. ii, 387, 2 (1835) ; Spin. Hem. 372, 1 (1837) ; Germ. Zeits. i, 63,1 (1839); Am. et Serv. H^m. 57, 1 (1843); Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 78 (1860) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 350 (1861). TETYRA JNUNCTA, H. Sch. Norn. Ent. i, 53 & 89 (1835). PODOPS TANGIRTJS, Germ. Zeits. i, 66, 6 (1839). ? SICULTJS, Costa. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x, 301, 12, pi. 6, fig. 8 (1841). Dull, dark luteous, thickly black-punctate, smooth. Head black, rugosely punctured, central lobe elevated into a keel, margin of side lobes rounded and reflexed. Underside black, rugosely punctured. Antenna black, subpilose ; 1st joint piceous, the base and tip of all the joints (except the tip of the 5th) narrowly luteous. Eyes and ocelli black. Rostrum luteous ; terminal joint black. Thorax. Pronotum dark luteous, thickly and deeply black-punc- tured, the punctures in irregular, transverse, sinuous rows ; the process at the anterior angles securiform ; posterior to the frontal furrow, a transverse, slightly raised, sinuous line ; before this line, by 74 SCUTATINA. the proximity of the punctures, the disk is black. Scutellum dark luteous, black-punctured ; the punctures, except at the base, finer than on the pronotum, base raised in a triangular form, the apex of which is extended down the centre ; close to the pronotum 3 equidistant white, shining, nodules ; one central, the others close to the basal angles, which are black and depressed. Elytra : the uncovered portion of the Ooritm dark luteous, black-punctured like the scutellum. Sternum black, rugosely punctured. Legs and coxce pale luteous ; thighs beneath with 2 large band-like brown spots, one being beyond the middle, the other at the tip ; tibice ; 1st pair on the inside with a black line the whole length ; 2nd pair on the inside with a black spot at the base and a brown shade at the tip ; tarsi light brown, third joint black. Abdomen above black ; beneath ferruginous, lightly black-punc- tured ; Connexivum luteous, black -punctured. Length, 2| 3 lines. Not uncommon in sandy places among the roots of grass in spring and autumn. Near London; Folkestone; Deal; Holm Bush, Sussex (Wol- laston) . FAMILY 7. PENT ATOM ID JE. Genus 1. EYSARCORIS, Halm. Short, stout, broad-oval, pointed in front, convex. Head much deflected, quadrangular, thick ; Crown slightly convex ; Face ; central lobe broad, reaching the anterior margin, which is widely notched ; side lobes a trifle longer than the central lobe, at the apex rounded. Antenna : tubercles short, stout, inserted ob- liquely anterior to the eyes, the apex outwardly produced into a short, blunt spine; 2nd and 4th joints in length subequal, longer than the 3rd ; 5th longest and broadest, fusiform. Eyes moderate prominent, 3-sided, outwardly rounded. Ocelli distant. Rostrum rising at the anterior margin of the head, reaching to the 2nd seg- ment of the abdomen, 2nd joint longest, 1st and 3rd joints widened ; rostral channel short, sides produced and rounded before and behind. Thorax. Pronotzm convex, short, hexagonal, posteriorly very broad, the side and hinder margins converging into a more or less PENTATOMIDJE. 75 obtuse and projecting point, of which the sides are much rounded ; front a little wider than the head, concave, anterior angles cut off straight ; sides more or less sinuate ; posterior angles rounded, pos- terior margin, as far as the base of the scutellum, straight ; the disk hindwardly at the broadest part much raised, before and behind this much deflected. Scutellum convex, more than half as long as the abdomen, but not so broad, sides much sinuate, apex broadly rounded. Elytra : Corium ; anterior margin sinuate ; posterior margin rounded ; Membrane with 5 long nerves. Sternum without transverse channels ; rostral channel very slight. Legs moderate ; tibia finely haired ; tarsi ; 1st joint as long as the 3rd, 2nd short. Abdomen short, semi-elliptic, very convex beneath. Species 1. EYSARCORIS MELANOCEPHALUS. CIMEX MELANOCEPHALUS, Fab. E. S. 12, 176 (1794); Wolff, Ic. Cim. fig. 134 (1811) ; Pane. E. G. 26, 24. CTDNTJS Fab. S. R. 187, 14 (1803). EYSARCORIS Hahn, Wanz. ii, 66, t. 70, fig. 211 (1834). EUSARCORIS Fieb. Europ. Hem. 332, 1 (1861). Shining, whitish clouded with brown, punctured ; pronotum in front with two large, subquadrate, coppery-black patches, and a large triangular patch of the same colour at the base of the scu- tellum. Head coppery-black, rugosely punctate. Antennas : 1st and 2nd joints luteous ; 3rd more or less piceous ; 4th and 5th black, the base narrowly luteous. jEyes brown. Ocelli small, red. Rostrum luteous ; labrum and 3rd and 4th joints brown. Thorax. Pronotum; sides nearly straight, at the broadest part of the disk a little produced, hinder angles much rounded ; lateral margins yellowish, delicately bordered with black, at the anterior angles a very minute tooth ; disk across the centre whitish, in front a large subquadrate patch at each side, separated by a small trian- gular space of the ground colour; hinder portion shaded with brown. Scutellum whitish, shaded with brown, base with a large, trian- gular, coppery-black patch. Elytra: Corium whitish shaded with brown ; Membrane brown. Sternum strongly punctured, coppery- black, with a white patch on each side of the centre. Legs pale yellow ; thighs with a few, scattered brown punctures, two large 76 SCUTATINA. coppery-black spots beyond the middle and towards the under side, and two small spots at the apex, one above, the other beneath $ tibice, at their insertion, with two black dots above and one beneath; tarsi luteous ; 1st and 2nd joints at the tip, and the 3rd wholly, piceous. Abdomen convex, above black, beneath coppery-black, punctured finer than the sternum ; Connexivum moderate, of equal breadth throughout ; above and beneath black, with marginal, triangular yel- low spots. Length, 3 lines. Darenth "Wood, Kent, by sweeping, in June. Species 2. EYSARCORIS ^NEUS. CIMEX CENSUS, Scop. Ent. Cam. 122, 358 (1763). FTJCATUS, Rossi, F. E. 13, 11 (1790). PERLATUS, Fab. E. S. iv, 125, 177 (1794) ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 68, t. 7, fig. 65 (1801) ; Vail. Hon. Cim. 50. 18 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 32, 18 (1829). CYDNUS Fab. S. R. 187, 15 (1803). EYSARCORIS PERLATUS, Hahn, Wanz. ii, 67, t. 51, fig. 155 (1834). PENTATOMA PERLATUM, H. Schf. Waiiz. vii, 93 (1844). EYSARCORIS JENEUM, Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 32, 156 (1846). EUSARCORIS JENEUS. Fieb. Europ. Hem. 332, 2 (1861). Shining, whittsh shaded with dusky or brown, punctured ; pronotum in front, with two large subquadrate coppery-black patches ; scutellum with a large white nodule at each basal angle. Head coppery -black, rugosely punctured; Crown with a central whitish line. Antenna : first 3 joints luteous, with a brown line beneath ; 4th black, the base luteous ; 5th black. Eyes brown. Ocelli small, brown. Rostrum luteous ; labrum and 3rd and 4th joints brown. Thorax. Pronotum ; sides sinuate, especially towards the poste- rior angles, which are much produced, forming an obtuse point projecting beyond the base of the elytra ; lateral margins whitish, in front a little widened, anterior angles sharp, but not toothed ; disk in front with two large, subquadrate, coppery-black patches, of which the inner angle is bordered by a strong white line, the tri- angular space between the patches and the centre of the disk whitish, posterior and lateral portions of the disk dusky. Scutellwn PENTATOMID.E. 77 whitish, shaded with dusky; in the centre an interrupted, faint whitish line ; at each basal angle a large, ovate, oblique, shining white nodule. Elytra : Gorium whitish, shaded with brown ; Mem- brane brownish. Sternum strongly punctured, luteous, the sides more or less black. Legs pale yellow; thighs with black-brown punctures in rows, and beyond the middle with a large sub-annular black spot; tibiae more or less black-punctured in rows, and two larger spots on the outer side near the base ; tarsi piceous, the base of each joint paler. Abdomen above black, beneath finely punctured, coppery-black, laterally with a regular, broad yellowish band, and more centrally on the posterior segments with an irregular broad yellowish band; stigmata black ; Connexivum above, externally yellow, with narrow black interruptions ; internally black ; beneath yellow with narrow black intervals. Length, 2| 3 lines. Scarce. New Forest (Eev. T. A. Marshall). Genus 2. PENTATOMA, Latr. Oval, subtriangular in front. Head elongate; Face widened before the eyes, then gradually narrower and rounded to the apex; side lobes wide, central lobe narrow. Antennae moderate or slender. Eyes moderate. Ocelli small. Hostrum 4-jointed, slender, reaching at least to the 2nd pair of COXSB, 2nd joint longest ; rostral channel shallow, sides a little produced in front. Thorax. Pronotum very broad, subconvex, hexangular, hinder angles rounded, or sometimes much produced. Scutellum at least JT the length of the abdomen, subtriangular, base convex, sides sinuate, being constricted beyond the middle. Elytra generally not covering the connexivum ; Corium, outer margin rounded, pos- terior margin straight or rounded; Membrane with 7 9 nerves. Sternum: Prosternum ; on each side a transverse channel; Meso- sternum with a slight keel. Legs moderate ; tibia outwardly with the margins reflexed, forming a long channel; tarsi; 1st and 3rd joints in length subequal, or the 1st longest, 2nd short. Abdomen, above subconvex, beneath convex ; Connexivum generally recurved. 78 SCUTATINA. Species 1. PENTATOMA NIGRTCORNE. CIMEX NIGRICORNIS, Fab. E. S. iv. 94, 59 (1794) ; S. R. 157, 8 (1803) ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 138, t. 14, fig. 132 (1804) ; Fall. Mon. Cim. 47,"9 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 27, 9 (1829); Burm. Handb. ii, 369, 15 (1835); Ramb. E. And. ii, 124, 11 (1842). . ERYNGII, Germ. Reis. Dalm. 283, 479 ; F. Ins. Eur. 2, 21 (1813). PENTATOMA NIGRICORNIS et ERYNGII, Hahn, Wanz. ii, 58 & 59, t. 48, fig. 147 & 148 (1834). NIGRICORNE et VARiuM, H. Sclif. Norn. Ent. i, 56 & 93 (1835). _ H. Schf. Wanz. vii, 95 (1844) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 138,6 (]860). CARFOCORIS NIGRICORNIS et ERYNGII, Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 46, 170, & 47, 171 (1846). MORMIDEA Sahib. Geoc. Een. 30, 1 (1848) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 335, 3 (1861). PENTATOMA MELANOCERA, Muls. An. Soc. Lin. 90 (1852). Very variable in colour and size. Greenish, ochreous-brown, brown-red, or red with more or less black streaks or spots. Finely punctured. Antennae black, 1st joint reddish. Hinder angles of the pronotum produced into a prominent, broad, ob- tuse, up-curving point, of which the apex is broadly black. Membrane smoke-brown. Legs yellowish or reddish. Ochreous brown. Head deflected, long, very slightly convex ; Crown on each side with two fine, black lines ; Face ; outer margins of the side lobes nearly straight, black, at the tip rounded, inner margin straight ; central lobe as long as the side lobes. Antennae rather short ; tubercles yellowish, at the apex outwardly a fine short spine ; 1st joint not reaching the end of the head ; 2nd |rd longer than the 1st; 3rd subequal ; 4th and 5th subequal, longer than the 2nd. Eyes brown. Ocelli distant. Rostrum luteous, with a central dark line, tip black. Thorax. Pronotum in front deflected at the same angle as the head ; anterior margin in the centre straight, anterior angles much produced, cut off obliquely behind the eyes, outwardly acute ; sides PENTATOMID^E. 79 widely divergent, sinuate, yellow, margins reflexed ; hinder angles very prominent, forming a broad, angular, obtuse, up-curving black point ; hinder sides narrowly yellow, gently rounded into the straight posterior margin. On the 1st third of the disk are two irregular, transverse, smooth spaces, with a few black punctures in their centre ; from the anterior angles, within the yellow sides, is a broad, black- punctured streak ; black punctures are also, but less thickly, spread within the yellow sides to and within the black hinder angles ; on the central portion of the disk the punctures are not black. Scutellum crenate-punctate, the punctures black, and stronger than those on the pronotum ; apex paler than the base. Elytra : Corium paler and finer black-punctured than the pronotum ; anterior and posterior margins a little rounded; Membrane with 7 nerves, smoke-brown, with a dark cloud at the inner basal angle and within the anterior margin. Sternum yellowish, finely punctured. Legs: thighs pale yellowish ; beneath very finely haired, delicately black-punctured, and with a fine, longitudinal, central black line, and a black spot at the apex ; tibia pinky ; tarsi pinky ; 1st joint longer and stouter than the 3rd ; 3rd black at the sides. Abdomen, above black ; Connexivum black and red alternately. Underside finely punctured, yellowish -brown, sides paler. Length, 5^ 6 lines. Eare. Two specimens taken casually by Mr. J. J. Eeading, in Devonshire, and one in the same county by Mr. Saunders. Flor (' Ehyn. Liv.,' p. 142) gives Pentatoma fuscispinum, Bohem., as a closely allied but distinct species, and remarks that " it is easy to be distinguished by the difference in the form of the pronotum. With us as yet I have found no transition from one to the other." Tet, after pointing out the differences, he concludes his remarks by saying, that " the intermediate forms ( Uebergangsformen) are to be considered as bastards, and not varieties." Fieber, however, in his remarks on Tier's work in the ' Wiener Entomol. Monatsschrift,' 18G3, says without any doubt that P. fuscispinum is synonymous with P. nigricorne. Cimex lunula, Fab., and Carpocoris bilunulata, Kolen., are quoted by authors as synonymous of Cimex varius, Fab., but they are all probably, varieties of P. nigricorne, Fab. 80 SCUTATINA. Species 2. PENTATOMA BACCARUM. CIMEX BACCARUM, Lin. F. S. 928 (1761) ; S. N. 1, 721, 45 (1767). - VBBBASCI, De G. Mem. iii, 257, 4, pi. 14, fig. 5 (1773). BACCARUM Fab. E. S. iv, 117, 144 (1794) ; S. K 172, 92 (1803) ; Pom. F. G. 33, 20 ; Wolff, Ic. dim. 60, t. 6, fig. 57 (1801) ; Fall. MOD. Cim. 48, 13 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 29, 13 (1826) ; Zctt. Faun. Ins. Lap. i, 464, 5 (1828) ; Ins. Lap. 260, 6 (1840) ; Burm. Handb. ii, 369, 13 (1835) ; Eamb. F. And. 124, 10 (1842). PENTATOMA BACCAEUM, LeP.etSen. Enc. x, 57, 20 (1825); Hah*, Wanz. ii, 63, t. 50, fig. 152 (1834) ; Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 26, 1 (1848) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 137, 5 (1860). CARPOCORIS Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 53, 181 (1846). MORMIDEA Fieb. Europ. Hem. 335, 1 (1861). Distinctly hairy. Luteous, ochreous, or with a purple tinge, deeply black-punctured. Apex of scutellum broadly yellow. Antennae and connexivum alternately black and yellow. Legs luteous, finely black-punctured. Underside luteous or rufo- luteous, with black punctures in longitudinal series. Head rugose, black-punctured: Face; sides straight, apical margin reflexed, central lobe raised, well denned, not so long as the side lobes, leaving an apical notch. Antennce : tubercle at the top produced outwardly into a distinct blunt spine ; 1st and 3rd joints in length subequal, each not half the length of the 2nd ; 4th as long as the 2nd ; 5th not so long as the 4th. The tubercle and 1st joint yellow ; 2nd black, the base broadly yellow, except a fine black line continued down the inner side ; 3rd and 4th black, base and apex yellow; 5th black, the base alone yellow. Eyes brown. Ocelli brown. Thorax. Pronotum subconvex ; anterior margin concave, anterior angles produced, cut off obliquely behind the eyes, outwardly not acute ; sides widely divergent, margins broadly reflexed ; hinder angles rounded, not produced ; hinder sides short, straight, deflected ; posterior margin slightly concave ; disk with round, deep punctures, and a lateral fovea; in front flattened, deflected; sides rugose, some- times black; posteriorly convex, and raised within the hinder angles. PENTATOMID/E. 81 Scutellum ; apex narrow, rounded, broadly yellowish, the punctures in the centre of the base distant. Elytra : Corium ; anterior and posterior margins slightly rounded ; disk finer punctured than the pronotum ; across the base a black patch ; Membrane brownish, transparent, with 8 nerves shaded on each side with a darker tint ; at the inner basal angle a black spot, and a larger, distinct one beyond. Wings diaphanous, with a greenish shade ; from the an- terior margin, opposite the spot on the membrane, a crescent- formed, dark cloud extends across to the fold. Legs ochreous, finely black-punctured, and with long hairs ; on the thighs beneath, beyond the middle, one or two black spots larger than the rest, and a black spot within the apex ; tibiae beneath, with a black spot at the base, the inner side of the apex also black ; tarsi hairy, 1st joint except the base, and the 3rd joint, black ; 2nd and base of the 1st, yellow. Abdomen above subconvex, black ; Connexivum black, with a large subquadrate, yellow spot in the middle of each segment. Underside rufo-luteous, with 4 longitudinal series of black punctures, more or less distinct. Length, 4 5^- lines. Common in autumn. Species 3. PENTATOMA JUNIPERINUM. CIMEX JUNIPERINTJS, Lin. F. S. 249, 930 (1761) ; S. K. 1, 722, 48 (1767) ; De G. Mem. iii, 231 & 253, i, pi. 13, fig. 1, 2 (1773) ; Fab. E. S. iv, 109, 113 (1794) ; S. K 167, 60 (1803); Panz. E. G. 33, 14; JTolf f Ic. Cim. 54, t. 6, fig. 51 (1801); Fall. Mon. Cim. 47, 12 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 28, 11 (1829); Zett. P. Ins. Lap. i, 465, 7 (1828); Ins. Lap. 260, 7 (1840). PENTATOMA JUNIPERINA, Hahn, Wauz. ii, 61, t. 49, fig. 150 (1834) ; Am. etServ. Hem. 132, 5 (1843); Sahib. Geoc. Ten. 26, 3 (1848). JUNIPERINUM, H. Sch. Norn. Ent. i, 56, 92 (1835) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 132, 2 (1860). CAUPOCORIS JUNIPERINA, Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 50, 175 (1846). PENTATOMA JUNIPERI, Fieb. Europ. Hem. 336, 3 (1861). Deep green above and beneath, slightly shining, very finely punc- tured ; sides of the pronotwm, base of the anterior margin of the 6 82 SCUTATINA. elytra, apex of the scutellum, and the outer side of the con- nexivum, yellow ; antenna and legs black. Head subconvex ; Face in front with a small notch ; central lobe nearly as long as the side lobes. Antennae : tubercle short, outwardly produced into a short, blunt spine ; 1st joint short ; 2nd three times as long as the 1st ; 3rd f rds the length of the 2nd ; 4th and 5th in length subequal, nearly as long as the 2nd. Rostrum reaching beyond the 3rd pair of coxae, black. Thorax. Pronotum; anterior margin straight in the centre, an- terior angles produced, cut off obliquely behind the eyes, exteriorly acute ; sides widely divergent, a little rounded ; margins reflexed, yellow ; hinder angles obtuse, not produced ; hinder sides deflected, nearly straight ; posterior margin straight ; disk in front flattened and deflected, with two smooth, irregular, transverse spaces on the first third ; posteriorly convex and raised within the hinder angles almost into a nodule. Scutellum on a level with the pronotum ; base with a subtriangular, black, slightly raised patch across the entire breadth ; disk subcrenate-punctate, apex distinctly greenish- yellow. Elytra : Clavus and outer side of the Corium coarser punc- tured than the disk, base of the anterior margin of the latter yellow ; Membrane dusky, transparent, with 8 nerves. Sternum finely punc- tured. Legs black, or greenish-black, with very short hairs ; hinder tibiae slightly curved. Abdomen, above black ; Connexivum yellow, inwardly black. Under- side finely punctured. Length, 5 5|- lines. On juniper bushes. Eare. Sanderstead Downs (A. Hay ward) ; Mickleham Downs (T. Ingall). Species 4. PENTATOMA VERNALE. CIMEX VERNALIS, Wolf, Ic. Cim. 141, 135, 1. 14, fig. 135 (1800) ; Panz. F. G. 113, 6 ; Jail. Hem. Suec. i, 30, 14 (1829) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 339, 1 (1861). PENTATOMA VERNALE, Hahn, Wanz. if$*4, t. 50, fig. 153 (1834) ; H. Schf. Norn. -Ent. i, 56 (1835) ; Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 26, 2 (1848) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 135, 4 (1860). CARPOCORIS Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 52, 179 (1845). PENTATOMID^E. 83 Luteous-brown, thickly and finely black-punctured ; antenna pinky- red; 4th joint with a broad black ring; 5th except the base, black ; abdomen above black ; underside pale luteous, with dark, longi- tudinal punctured streaks ; legs luteous, finely black-punctured. Head flat ; Face in front without a notch, rounded ; central lobe short, in front depressed, enclosed by the side lobes. Antennae : tubercle very short, apex rounded ; 1st joint more than half the length of the 2nd ; 2nd and 3rd in length subequal ; 4th and 5th subequal, each longer and stouter than the 3rd. Eyes rather small, prominent, concolorous with the head. Ocelli distant. Rostrum reaching to the 3rd pair of coxae, luteous. Thorax. Pronotum in front deflected ; anterior margin slightly concave, cut off obliquely behind the eyes ; sides widely diverging, slightly sinuate, margins yellow, reflexed ; hinder angles prominent, broadly rounded ; hinder sides rounded into the straight posterior margin. Scutellurn punctured like the pronotum ; apex luteous, narrowly rounded. Elytra : Corium punctured finer than the pro- notum and scutellum; anterior and posterior margins a little rounded ; membrane with 7 nerves, luteous, or luteous-brown, with a dark cloud at the inner basal angle. Sternum luteous, finely black- punctured. Legs luteous or reddish, very finely black-punctured ; tarsi concolorous. Abdomen, above black ; Connexivum black with yellow intervals. Underside pale luteous, with longitudinal wavy bands or streaks of black punctures ; stigmata black. Length, 3| 4J- lines. Bare. One specimen taken casually, locality unknown ; and one specimen in the collection of Mr. G-. E. Crotch. Species 5. PENTATOMA DISSIMILE. CIMEX PRASINUS, De G. Mem. iii, 266, 9 (1773); Wolf, Ic. Cim. 52, t. 6, fig. 49 (1801); Fall. Mon. Cim. 47, 11 (1807); Hem. Suec. 28, 10 (1829). DISSIMILIS, Fad. E. S. iv, 109, 112 (1794) ; S. R. 167, 59 (1803); Panz. E, G. 33, 13 ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 53, t. 6, fig. 50 (1801) ;' Burm. Handb. ii, 370, 17 (1835); Fieb. Europ. Hem. 339, 4 (1861). PENTATOMA JUNIPEEINA, Le P. et Sen. Enc. x, 57, 19 (1825). PRASINUM, Halm, Wanz. ii, 60, pi. 49, fig. 149 (1834), 84 SCUTATINA. CARPOCORIS PKASINA et DISSIMILIS, Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 43, 173, & 49, 174 (1846). PENTATOMA DISSIMILIS, Am. et Serv. Hem. 131, 4 (1843). Deep green, strongly black-punctured, slightly shining, beneath luteous, greenish or reddish, legs greenish, tarsi reddish-brown. Head flat ; Face in front with a small, narrow notch ; central lobe pointed, not quite so long as the side lobes. Antenna inserted on a short tubercle, the top of which is outwardly produced into a short, blunt spine ; 1st joint shorter than the head ; 2nd twice the length of the 1st; 3rd and 4th each progressively a little longer; 5th per- ceptibly longer than the 4th ; the first 3 joints greenish, 4th reddish- brown, 5th reddish-brown at the base, the remainder piceous. Eyes greenish, the centre brown. Ocelli brown. Rostrum reaching be- yond the 3rd pair of coxae, greenish, the tip black. Thorax. Pronotum ; anterior margin concave, anterior angles pro- duced and cut off obliquely behind the eyes, exteriorly pointed ; sides nearly straight, widely divergent ; margins slightly reflexed, sometimes yellowish ; hinder angles prominent, broadly rounded ; hinder sides a littte rounded ; posterior margin straight. Scutellum punctured like the pronotum; base convex; posteriorly a slight, wide depression at each side ; apex gradually rounded, pale green. Elytra punctured rather finer than the pronotum and scutellum ; Corium ; posterior margin straight ; Membrane smoke-brown, with a fuscous cloud at the inner basal angle. Sternum pale greenish, slightly punctured. Legs green ; thigJis paler ; tarsi reddish-brown, claws black. Abdomen, above black, beneath greenish or reddish, with shallow punctures ; Connexivum green, thickly and finely black-punctured, the margin and the edges of the segments narrowly yellow. Length, 5^ 6 lines. Common on many kinds of trees, in summer. Genus 3. STRACHIA, Halm. Head wide, flat, (with the eyes) subtrapezoidal ; Face; sides before the eyes sinuate, lateral margins incrassated, reflexed ; apex rounded, with a central small notch; central lobe short, pointed. Antenna moderate ; tubercles short, inserted obliquely anterior to the eyes ; 1st joint short, stout; 2nd, 4th, and 5th in length subequal; PENTATOMID.E. 85 3rd shorter ; 4th and 5th stoutest. Eostrum reaching to the 2nd pair of coxae; basal joint very broad, long; 2nd joint long; 3rd and 4th short ; rostral channel shallow, sides a little produced in front. Thorax. Pronotum subconvex, subtrapezoidal ; anterior margin very concave, renexed ; anterior angles cut off straight, exteriorly produced into a very small, obtuse tooth ; lateral margins straight, renexed ; hinder angles raised, obtuse ; posterior margin rounded ; on the first third of the disk a transverse raised smooth line. Sou- tellum more than half the length of the abdomen, at the base convex, sides sinuate, apex small. Elytra : Gorium ; anterior margin rounded, renexed; posterior margin slightly concave or sinuate; Membrane with 6 long nerves. Sternum : Prosternum ; on each side a trans- verse channel ; Mesosternimi with a slight keel. Legs : tibice on the upper side with a channel the whole length; tarsi; 1st joint nearly as long as the 2nd and 3rd together ; 2nd short. Abdomen beneath convex ; Connescivum moderate. Species 1. STRACHIA ORNATA. CIMEX OJINATUS, Lin. E. S. 251, 937 (1761) ; S. N. 1, 723, 56 (1767); Scop. Ent. Cam. 123, 361 (1766) ; Fab. E. S. iv, 117, 144 (1794) ; S. H. 172, 93 (1803) ; Panz. E. G. 33, 21 ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 15, t. 2, fig. 15 (1800) ; Fall. Mon. Cim. 49, 15 (1807); Hem. Suec. 30,15 (1829); Burm. Handb. ii, 368, 12 (1835) ; Ramb. Faun. And. ii, 118, 1 (1842). DOMINULUS, Scop. Ent. Cam. 124, 362 (1766). FESTIVUS, Lin. S. N. ii, 723, 57 (1767) ; Fab. E. S. iv, 118, 151 (1794); S. R. 173, 95 (1803); Panz. E. G. 6,19; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 61, t. 6, fig. 58 (1801). STRACHIA FESTIVA, Hahn, Wanz. 1, 181, t. 29, fig. 93 (1831). PENTATOMA ORNATA, L. Duf. Rech. 30, 6 (1833). EURYDEMA HERBACEUM et PICTUM, H. Schf. Panz. E. G. 115, 12 & 116, 12 & 13 (1835). STRACHIA ORNATA, HERBACEA et PICTA, Hahn, Wanz. iii, 12, 13 & 14, t. 77, fig. 238240 (1835). EURYDEMA ORNATA, Am. et Serv. Hera. 126, 1 (1843); Sahib. Geoc. Een. 24, 1 (1848). EURYDEMA ORNATUM, FESTIVUM, DECORATUM, HERBACEUM, LHESGICUM, ARMENIACUM et PICTUM, Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 25 29, 144151 (1846). EURYDEMA ORNATUM, Flor, Rbyn. Liv. i, 144, 1 (1860). STUACHIA FESTIVA et ORNATA, Fieb. Europ. Hem. 342, 1 & 2 (1861). 86 SCUTATINA. Elliptic, glossy red; 6 spots on the pronotum, a large triangular spot at the base of the scutellum, the clavus, the inner portion of the corlum and a posterior spot, black ; membrane and wings black. Beneath red, with 3 rows of large black spots. Head black, the reflexed margin red. Antenna, Eyes and Ocelli black. Thorax. Pronotum finely and widely punctured, red, with 6 black spots, of which two long, narrow, transverse, are anterior to the raised, transverse line, and four are posterior to it, in a transverse row, the two middle ones being the larger. Scutellum finely, widely crenate-punctuate, subconvex ; apex unpunctured, rather elongated to an obtuse point ; at the base a large black spot, subtriangular, the sides being rounded ; before the apex, on each side, a small narrow black spot, appearing like an encroachment of that colour from the corium. Elytra : Clavus black, strongly punctured ; Corium ; disk finer and closer punctured than the scutellum and pronotum, out- wardly stronger punctured ; red, with the inner portion broadly black as far as the posterior angle, there ending abruptly ; at the outer side of this black patch is a large triangular interruption of the ground colour ; beneath the posterior margin of the black patch the disk is raised transversely, and posterior to this is a black spot ; Membrane black. Wings black. Sternum ; slightly punctured, stronger in the channel of the prosternum ; red, the middle, and a large spot at the side of each segment, black. Legs black. Abdomen, above red, with a black spot on the last two segments ; beneath red with three rows of large black spots, the central spots quadrangular, the lateral ones oval ; Connexivum red. Length, 4^ 5 lines. Not common. Frequents the flowers of ITmbelliferce. A single specimen taken at Lee. Species 2 STRACHIA OLERACEA. CIMEX OLERACEUS, Lin. F. S. 550, 934 (1761); S. N. 1, 722, 53 (1767); De G. Mem. iii, 266, 10, pi. 15, fig. 22 & 23 (1773) ; Fab. E. S. iv, 121, 162 (1794); S. K. 177, 112 (1803) ; Panz. F. G. 32, 12 ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 16, t. 2, fig. 16 (1800) ; Fall. Mon. Cim. 49, 16 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 31, 16 (1829) ; Zett. F. Ins. Lap. i, 465, 8 (1828); Ins. Lap. 260, 8 (1840); Burm. Handb. ii, 368, 11 (1835). PENTATOMIDvE. 87 STKACHIA OLERACEA, Hahn, Wanz. i, 182, t. 29, fig. 94 (1831) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 345, 9 (1861). EURYDEMA OLERACEUM, H. Schf. Norn. Ent. 1, 55 (1835) ; Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 22, 141 (1846); Flor> Rhyn. Liv. i, 146, 2 (1860). OLERACEA, Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 25, 2 (1848). Elliptic, blue-green, finely punctured ; sides of the head %&& pronotum, anterior margin of the corium, a broad central line on the pro- notum, apex of the scutellum, and a contiguous large spot on each elytron, yellow, white or red. Head. The reflexed margin straw-yellow; Antenna, Eyes and Ocelli, black. Thorax. Pronotum ; anterior margin in the centre, lateral margins, and a broad, hindwardly diverging line down the centre of the disk straw-yellow ; the raised smooth line on the anterior por- tion of the disk is widened laterally, and before and behind it the punctures are closer and deeper, elsewhere they are distant and dis- posed in transverse rows. Scutellum crenate-punctate ; apex a short, obtuse point, almost rounded, unpunctured, broadly straw- yellow ; sometimes also the sides of the base are more or less yellow. Elytra : Corium much finer and closer punctured than the pronotum and corium ; anterior margin and a large transverse spot in a line with the apex of the scutellum, straw-yellow; Membrane black-brown. Sternum slightly punctured, stronger in the channel of the Pro- sternum ; black or with yellow spots. Legs ; thighs entirely black or with the base more or less ; the tip narrowly, and a half-ring beneath, yellow ; tibiae black, with a central yellow ring ; tarsi black. Abdomen black above ; beneath black or yellow, with 3 rows of large black spots, one central and one on each side. The lighter markings on the upper side and legs vary from white to red ; the colours on the underside vary from black to yellow, with spots of various form and size, so that no two specimens are exactly alike in colouring. Length, 3 3| lines. Not rare, but local. Isle of Wight (E. Lewis) ; Cambridge, July (F. Bond). 88 SCUTATINA. FAMILY 8. ASOPIDJE. Genus 1. ZICRONA, Am. et Serv. Head small, subquadrangular, forwardly narrowed ; front straight ; side lobes inwardly raised, apex outwardly rounded; central lobe as long as the side lobes, strongly denned ; posterior half raised, anterior half depressed ; Crown a little convex. Antennce moderate, inserted on short stout tubercles before the eyes ; 1st joint short ; 2nd a little longer than either the 3rd, 4th, or 5th, which in length are subequal. Eyes moderate, prominent. Ocelli small, distant. Rostrum reaching beyond the 2nd pair of coxae, stout ; basal joint broad ; rostral channel very short and shallow. Thorax. Pronotum a little convex, hexagonal, almost trapezoidal, the binder sides being short and much deflected ; anterior margin deeply concave, angles acute ; sides nearly straight ; hinder angles raised, obtuse ; posterior margin straight. Scutellum sub triangular, about half as long as the abdomen ; sides sinuate, beyond the middle nearly straight and parallel ; apex broadly rounded. Elytra : Corimn posteriorily deflected ; anterior and posterior margins rounded ; Mem- brane with 6 or 7 long nerves. Sternum : Prosternwm on each side with deep, transverse channel; Mesosternum with a slight keel. Legs : fore tibice beneath, with a fine, acute spine ; tarsi strong ; 1st joint as long as the other two, 2nd short. Abdomen, beneath convex ; Connexivum moderate, recurved. Species 1. ZICRONA CCERULEA. CIMEX CODKTJLEUS, Lin. P. S. 250, 933 (1761) ; S. N. 1, 722, 50 (1767) ; De G. Mem. iii, 268, 11 (1773) ; Rossi, P. E. ii, 237, 1314 (1790); Fab. E. S. iv, 123, 166 (1794); S. R. 178, 119 (1803); Schrk. P. B. ii, 76, iv (1801) ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 18, t. 2, fig. 18 (1800) ; Panz. 1\ G. 32, 14 ; Fall. Mon. Cim. 50, 17 (1807) ; Hem. Suec. 32, 17 (1826). PEHTATOMA CCERULEUM, Curt. B. E. i, 20 (1824) ; Hah*, Wanz. ii, 65, t. 56, fig. 154 (1834) ; II. Schf. Norn. Ent.i, 56 & 92 (1835). ASOPID^. 89 ASOPUS C(ERULEUS, Burm. Handb. ii, 378, 1 (1835) ; H. Schf. Wanz. vii, 112 (1844) ; Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 37. 162 (1846). ZICRONA CCERULEA et iLLUSTRis, Am. et Serv. Hem. 86, 1 & 87, 2 (1843) ; Sahib. Geoc. Pen. 19, 2 (1848) j Fieb. Europ. Hem. 346 (1861). ASOPUS (ZICRONA) COERULETJS, Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 90, 1 (1860). Elliptic, pointed in front, entirely glossy blue-green or violet, very finely punctured. Head. Antennce black. Eyes and Ocelli piceous. Thorax. Pronotum within the anterior margin depressed and strongly punctate ; the punctures stronger than on the scutellum and corium ; on the first third two lobate, slightly raised, nearly unpunctured spaces ; behind these a slight transverse depression ; Scutellum crenate-punctate. Mytra : Corium within the anterior margin, and .the Clavus, more strongly punctate ; Membrane dark brown ; Legs black, with a greenish gloss. Abdomen, above, at the base, brown. Length, 2J to 3^ lines. Not very common in the London district ; taken flying in woods, in the spring. In moss in winter, Mickleham (Dr. Power). Not rare at Scarborough among heather, in April, May, and October, and in the larva state in September (T t Wilkinson). Genus 2. JALLA, Hahn. Head flattened, quadrangular ; Face widened before the eyes and then constricted; apex sinuate; end of side lobes rounded; central lobe narrow, nearly as long as the side lobes. Antenna slender ; 1st joint stout, very short ; 2nd 3| times longer than the 1st ; 3rd |rds as long as the 2nd ; 4th a little longer than the 3rd ; 5th a little longer than the 4th. Eyes moderate ; Ocelli small, a little wider apart from each other than from the eyes. Rostrum very stout, reaching beyond the 2nd pair of coxae ; 1st joint very broad ; 2nd joint longest : 3rd and 4th of equal length ; rostral channel very short. Thorax Pronotum hexagonal, hindwardly convex ; front as wide as the head and eyes ; anterior margin very concave, angles acute ; 90 SCUTATINA. sides slightly rounded, margins incrassated ; hinder angles obtuse ; hinder sides sinuate ; posterior margin a little longer than the scutellum is wide, nearly straight, posterior angles deflected, acute. Scutellum more than \ the length of the abdomen, subtriangular ; base convex ; sides deflected, sinuate, beyond the middle parallel ; apex broad, rounded. Elytra : Corium ; anterior and posterior mar- gins rounded ; Membrane with 7 long nerves. Sternum ; on each side a wide transverse oblique channel across the pro- and meso- sternum ; Mesosternum with a slight central keel in a shallow, narrow channel. Legs : thighs ; 1st pair beneath with a large spine beyond the middle ; tibiae widened at the apex on the upper side, with the margins reflexed, forming a narrow channel ; beneath, beyond the middle, with a small, acute spine ; tarsi ; 1st joint as long as the 2nd and 3rd together ; 2nd short. Abdomen semi-elliptic ; convex beneath ; Connexivum moderate. Species 1. JALLA DUMOSA. CIMEX DUMOSA, Lin. E. S. 249,929(1761); S. N.I, 721, 46 (1767); Fab. E. S. iv, 111, 121 (1794) ; S. R. 168, 71 (1803) ; Pane, E. G. 33, 18 ; Fall. Mon. Cim. 47, 10 (1807); Hem. Suec. 28, 12 (1826). JALLA DUMOSA, Hahn, Wanz. i, 101, t. 16, fig. 54, 55 (1831) ; Am. ct Serv. Hem. 86, 1 (1843) ; Kolen. Mel. Ent. iv, 36, 161 (1846) ; Fieb. Europ. Hem. 347, 2 (1861). PENTATOMA DUMOSUM, H. Schf. Norn. Ent. 1, 53 (1835). ASOPUS DUMOSUS, Burm. Handb. ii, 378, 3 (1835) ; H. Schf. Wanz. vii, 113 (1844). Elliptic, pointed in front, slightly shining; above fusco-luteous, black- punctured ; sides of the pronotum, centre of, and two basal spots on, the scutellum, margin of the elytra and abdomen, and a ring on each of the tibite, vermilion ; underside black. Head black, finely punctured; Face; central lobe vermilion, which colour is also continued in a line over the Crown. Antenna black, base of the 3rd joint red. Eyes black. Ocelli red. Eostrum deep piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ; the broad incrassated lateral margins ver- milion ; anterior half of the disk black, in front and within the lateral margins thickly punctured ; in the centre a broad longitudinal line, on ASOPID^. 91 each side of this 3 or 4 raised yellow spots, forming parallel lines, which before their extremity give off a waved yellow line curving to the hinder angles ; the portion of the disk posterior to this dull luteous, with deep, distinct punctures, the intervals smooth. Scutellum rather strongly punctured; sides posteriorly luteous ; apex reddish; in the centre a smooth vermilion line extending fths of the length, broad at the base, gradually narrower, and ending in a fine point ; at each side of the base and at some distance from the lateral margins a large suboval, smooth, pale-vermilion spot. Elytra fusco-luteous, very finely black -punctured ; anterior margin at the base vermilion ; Membrane light brown. Sternum strongly punctured. Legs black ; tibiae with a broad vermilion ring on the upper half. Abdomen, above smooth, black ; beneath strongly punctured ; Connexivum black, externally with red spots, the extreme margin vermilion. The is larger and the colours lighter than the $ . Length, 5^ 6 lines. Two specimens taken by Mr. H. J. Harding, and one by Mr. Ernest Adams, but they have no note of the locality. Genus 3. RHACOGNATHUS, Fieb. Head flattened, quadrangular ; Face, wider just before the eyes ; apex of the side lobes rounded ; central lobe narrow, pointed, shorter than the side lobes, leaving a narrow notch. Antennae slender; tubercles short, inserted before the eyes ; 1st joint short ; 2nd more than double the length of the 1st ; 3rd scarcely so long as the 2nd ; 4th and 5th subequal, each longer than the 2nd. Eyes moderate. Ocelli small, a little nearer to the eyes than to each other. 'Rostrum stout, reaching to the 2nd pair of coxae ; 1st and 3rd joints very broad ; rostral channel short and shallow. Thorax. Pronotum convex, hexagonal ; in front as wide as the head and eyes ; anterior margin very concave, anterior angles cut off obliquely, exteriorly produced into a small tooth; sides a little concave, widely divergent, the 1st half finely serrate, hindwardly produced into an obtuse point ; hinder sides short, nearly straight ; posterior margin a little longer than the width of the scutellum, straight, its angles acute. Scutellum half the length of the abdomen, subtriangular, sides sinuate, beyond the middle almost parallel, apex 92 SCUTATINA. broad, rounded. Elytra: Corium ; anterior and posterior margins a little rounded; Memlrane with 7 nerves. Sternum; on each side an oblique, transverse channel across the pro- and mesosternum ; Mesosternum with a slight keel. Legs : tibia outwardly flat, the fore pair widened at the end, the outer margins reflexed; on the underside a fine, acute spine ; tarsi hairy beneath ; 1st joint broad, as long as 2nd and 3rd together. Abdomen semi-elliptic, convex beneath; Connexivum broad, ex- tending beyond the elytra. Species 1. RHACOGNATHUS PUNCTATUS. CIMEX PUNCTATUS, Lin. S. N. i, 720; 34 (1767) ; De G. Mem. iii, 269, 14(1773); Fab. E. S. iv, 95, 62 (1794); 8. R. 157, 12 (1803) ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 179, t. 18, fig. 173(1811); Fall. Won. Cim. 45, 6 (1807); Hem. Suec. 25, 6 (1826) ; Zett. Ins. Lap. 1, 259, 5 (1840). EYSARCOHIS PUNCTATUS, Hahn, "VVanz. ii, 69, t. 51, fig. 157 (1834). PENTATOMA PUNCTATUM, H. Sch. Nom. Ent. i, 56 & 93 (1835). ASOPUS PUNCTATUS, Burm. Handb. ii, 378, 2 (1835) ; H. Schf. Wanz. vii, 112 (1844). ASOPUS (ZICRONA) PUNCTATUS, Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 91, 2 (1860). UHACOGNATHUS PUNCTATUS, Fieb. Europ. Hem. 347. Luteous, more or less obscured with fine black punctures, sometimes altogether dark, with a greenish tinge ; beneath luteous, black- punctured, or black. Head bronzy or black ; Face; central lobe a little raised at the base and depressed in front. Antenna black, the extremities of the 2nd and 3rd joints narrowly .yellow. Eyes brown. Ocelli red. Rostrum piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ; in the centre a narrow, longitudinal, yellow line ; in pale examples the front and sides black, the lateral margins yellow. Scutellum ; base rather convex, outer margin depressed; just within the basal angles a deep fovea ; down the centre a slight indication of a keel. Sternum luteous, black-punctured, the sides black. Legs: coxae yellow; thighs black above, yellow at the base and beneath ; tibiae black, with a broad yellow ring in the centre ; tarsi black. ASOPID^E. 93 Abdomen, above blue-black, beneath luteous, thickly black-punc- tured, or entirely black ; Connexivum black, with yellow spots. Length, 4 4J lines. Not common. Spring and autumn. Haslemere (Barrett} ; Holm- bush (Fenri) ; Shirley, Surrey (E. C. Eye). Genus 4. ASOPUS, Burm. Head flattened, quadrangular ; Face wider just before the eyes ; side lobes recurved, apex rounded, central lobe shorter, leaving a wide, deep notch in front. Antenna in length moderate, slender, each inserted on a very short tubercle before the eyes ; 1st joint half the length of the head ; 2nd a trifle longer than the 4th ; 2nd and 5th shorter than the 4th, subequai. Eyes large, prominent. Ocelli small, a little wider apart than distant from the eyes. Rostrum arising in front of the head, reaching to the hinder coxae, thick, very wide at the base, 2nd joint longest ; rostral channel very short and shallow, hardly perceptible. Thorax. Pronotum hexagonal, broader than long, in front as wide as the head and eyes ; anterior margin very concave, anterior angles much produced, cut off obliquely and exteriorly produced into a small tooth ; sides, in front, strongly serrate, very sinuate, and spreading out into a large, broad, rounded, projecting, and up-curving process ; hinder angles rounded ; hinder sides long, nearly straight ; posterior margin longer than the breadth of the scutellum, straight across the scutellum, but beyond a little produced posteriorly over the clavus ; posterior angles acute ; disk hindwardly on a level with the scutellum, forwardly deflected at the same angle as the head. Scutellum about half as long as the abdomen, triangular ; base convex, sides sinuate, apex narrowly rounded. Elytra : Corium ; anterior margin rounded, posterior margin straight ; Membrane with 8 nerves. Sternum: Prosternum; on each side a transverse channel ; Mesosternum with a slight keel forwardly widened. Legs: tibiae outwardly flat, margins slightly reflexed, forming a narrow, linear channel ; anterior pair, inwardly, beyond the middle with a short spine ; tarsi strong, 1st joint a trifle longer than the 3rd, 2nd shorter and thinner. Abdomen semi-elliptic, not very convex ; beneath, in the centre of the 2nd segment, a short blunt spine pointing forwards ; Connexivum broad, extending beyond the elytra. 94 SCUTATINA. Species 1. ASOPUS LURIDUS. CIMEX LURIDUS, Fab. S. E. 701, 25 (1775) ; E. S. iv, 91, 67 (1794) ; S. E. 157, 6 (1803) ; Panz. F. G. 92, 9 ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 136, 130, 1. 13, fig. 130 (1804) ; Fall. Mon. Cim. 46, 8 (1807); Hem. Suec. 26, 8 (1826). ARMA LURIDA, Hakn, Wanz. i, 97, 1. 15, fig. 53 (1831). PENTATOMA LURIDUM, H. Sch. Norn. Ent. i, 56 & 92 (1835). ASOPUS LURIDUS, Burm. Handb. ii, 379, 4 (1835) ; H. Schf. Wanz. vii, 114 (1844); Fieb. Europ. Hem. 348 (1861). ARMA LURIDUM, Kolen. Mel. Eat. iv, 40, 164 (1846). ASOPUS (PoDisus) LURIDUS, Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 95, 5 (1860.) Luteous, thickly black-punctured, slightly shining, bronzy or metallic blue-black on the head and sides of the pronotum ; beneath luteous, with two distant, longitudinal rows of black spots, and (in the $) having a large spot on the 6th segment of the abdomen. Head bronzy or blue-black ; Crown with two smooth lines reaching to the base of the central lobe; Face; central lobe posteriorly a little raised. Antenna black, basal joint beneath luteous, with a central black line, apical half of the 4th joint orange. Eyes piceous. Ocelli red. Rostrum luteous. Thorax. Pronotum ; the punctures in short series ; sides broadly metallic, blue-black; the serrated lateral margins yellow; in the centre of the disk two large, but slight, depressions, bordered in front by a short, raised, smooth line. Scutellum punctate-crenate, more or less clouded with black, composed of contiguous punctures, the extreme basal angles depressed, black. Elytra : Corium ; finer punctured in the centre than at the sides ; posteriorly, adjoining the outer nerve, a small smooth space. Sternum finely black-punctured ; on each side of the yellow mesosternal keel a quadrate smooth space. Legs finely haired, rufo-luteous, thickly piceous- or black-spotted ; beneath, beyond the middle, a larger black spot ; tarsi black, 2nd joint and base of the 1st rufous. Abdomen, above black, beneath luteous, with two distant rows of black spots, one of the spots being at the anterior edge of each segment, and (in the ?) a larger central black spot on the anterior ASOPID^E. 95 edge of the 6th segment ; Connexivum, above black, with narrow, orange interruptions ; beneath yellow with black spots. Length, 5 \ lines. Not common. August and September, on trees in damp places. Genus 5. PICROMERUS, Am. et Serv. Head flattened, quadrangular; Face; scarcely widened before the eyes ; apex straight, without a notch, outwardly rounded ; central lobe as long as the side lobes, not pointed. Antennae long, fine, compressed, inserted on short tubercles before the eyes ; 1st joint very short ; 2nd long; 3rd, 4th and 5th in length subequal, each scarcely so long as the 2nd. Eyes large, prominent. Ocelli small, distant. Rostrum stout, reaching beyond the 3rd pair of coxsa ; basal joint very broad ; rostral channel very short and shallow. Thorax. Pronotum broader than long, hexagonal, in front as wide as the head and eyes ; anterior margin concave ; anterior angles much produced and cut off obliquely, externally produced into a small tooth ; sides, in front finely serrate, very sinuate, widely divergent, forming a broad, acute, projecting and upcurving spine ; hinder sides long, sinuate ; posterior margin longer than the scutellum is wide, straight across the scutellum, but beyond a little produced posteriorly and depressed upon the clavus ; posterior angles acute ; disk for- wardly deflected at the same angle as the head, posteriorly on a level with the base of the scutellum. Scutellum % as long as the abdomen, triangular; base convex; sides sinuate; apex narrow, rounded. Elytra : Corium ; anterior margin rounded, posterior margin straight ; Mem- brane with 8 or 9 long nerves. Sternum with a side channel extending obliquely across the pro- and mesosternum; Mesosternum with a slight keel, anteriorly widened. Legs finely haired, anterior thighs and tibicB beneath, beyond the middle, with a small spine ; all the tibice outwardly flat, the margin reflexed and forming a narrow, linear channel; tarsi hairy beneath, 1st joint as long as the 2nd and 3rd together. Abdomen semi-elliptic, convex beneath, in the centre of the 2nd segment a short, obtuse process, pointing forwards ; Connexivum broad, recurved, extending beyond the elytra. 96 SCUTATINA. Species 1. PICROMERUS BID ENS. CIMEX BIDENS, Lin. S. N. i, 718, 23 (1767); De G. Mem. iii, 259, pi. 13, fig. 9 (1773) ; Rossi, F. Etr. ii, 230, 1297 (1790) ; Fab. E. S. iv, 93, 54 (1794); S. R. 155, 2 (1803) ; Panz. F. G. 26, 22 ; Wolff, Ic. Cim. 7, t. 1, fig. 7 (1800); JW/. Mon. Cim. 43, 1 (1807); Hem. Suec. 22, 1 (1826) ; Zett. Ins. Lap. i, 259, 1 (1840). ARMY Hahn, Wanz. i, 92, t. 15, fig. 51 (1831); Kolen. Mel. Ent. ivr, 39, 163 (1846). PENTATOMA BIDENS, H. Sch. Norn. Eat. i, 56 & 92 (1835). ASOPUS Burnt. Handb. ii, 379, 6 (1835) ; H. Schf. Wanz. vii, 113 (1844). PICROMERUS Am. et Serv. Hem. 84, 1 (1843) ; Sahib. Geoc. Fen. 18, 1 (1848); Fieb. Europ. Hem. 349, 1 (1861). ASOPUS (PICROMERUS) BIDENS, Flor, Rhyn. Liv. i, 92, 3 (1860). Luteous, thickly black-punctured, often so much as to appear entirely piceous, slightly shining ; head bronzy : underside rufous or piceous. Head bronzy ; Crown with two central, nearly unpunctured lines reaching to the base of the central lobe ; Face ; central lobe pos- teriorly a little raised. Antenna red, tip of the 5th joint piceous or black. Eyes piceous. Ocelli red. Rostrum luteous. Thorax. Pronotum ; sides and spines pitchy-black, the serrated lateral margin yellow ; on the anterior third of the disk two large, subangular, nearly unpunctured spaces, on their posterior margin a small, smooth, orange spot. Scutellum crenate-punctate, clouded with piceous ; extreme basal angle depressed, black, within this raised into a small, smooth, yellow spot ; apex narrowly orange. Elytra ; Corium less and more finely punctured than the pronotum ; Membrane dark brown, nervures strong. Sternum luteous, black- punctured; on each side of the yellow mesosternal keel a large, usually black, quadrate spot ; on the anterior edge of the metasternum a large, lobate, raised, yellow spot. Legs rufous, with a pink tinge ; thighs finely brown-punctate ; tibia, towards the centre yellow ; tarsi ; 1st and 2nd joints pinky red, 3rd piceous. Abdomen, above piceous-black ; beneath rufous or piceous, finely RAPHIGASTRID/E. 97 punctate ; Stigmata small, beneath each a short, sinuate, impressed line ; Connexivum punctate, blue-black interrupted with orange. Length, 5 6 lines. Common in August and September, on trees and bushes. FAMILY 9. RAPHIGASTRIDJE. Genus 1. TROPICORIS, Halm. Head elongate, nearly flat ; Face widest just before the eyes, then gradually a little narrower to the end, which is rounded ; margin of side lobes delicately reflexed ; central lobe scarcely so long as the side lobes, which sometimes meet and enclose its fine point. Antenna long, slender ; the last two joints thickest ; 1st joint not so long as the head ; 2nd a little longer than the first ; 3rd much longer than the 2nd ; 4th not so long as the third ; 5th fusiform, rather shorter than the 4th, but longer than the 2nd ; 4th and 5th in thickness subequal. Eyes large, prominent. Ocelli large, distant. Rostrum arising at anterior margin, reaching to the 2nd joint of the abdomen ; base broad, the remainder narrow, 3rd joint longest ; rostral channel shallow, the sides anteriorly ending in a tooth ; the margin of the head in front, beneath, with a channel extending to the eyes, Thorax. Pronotum hexagonal, much broader than long ; front as wide as the head and eyes ; anterior margin concave ; anterior angles produced and cut off obliquely behind the eyes, exteriorly produced into a small tooth ; sides anteriorly very finely serrate, then very sinuate, widely and nearly at a right angle divergent, spreading out into a large, broad, projecting and up-curving process, which on the anterior side is broadly rounded, but posteriorly the apex is produced into a short tooth ; hinder sides long, sinuate ; posterior margin across the scutellum straight; disk in front flat, deflected at the same angle as the head, hindwardly on a level with the scutellum. Scutellum \ as long as the abdomen, triangular ; base convex ; sides sinuate ; apex narrowly rounded. Elytra: Corium ; anterior margin sinuate, posterior margin straight ; Membrane with 6 long nerves. Sternum: Prosternum ; on each side a transverse channel; Meso- sternum with a central longitudinal keel, hindwardly widened. Legs : tibi