A. ' '/,* /'/V.''--/ /f/1 I /- / 1 , Ex Libris C. K/OGDEN ' fc / THE WORKS CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE. THE WORKS CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE: SOME ACCOUNT OF THE AUTHOR, AND NOTES, REV. ALEXANDER DICE. A NEW EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED LONDON: GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS, BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL. NEW YORK: 9, LAFAYETTE PLACE. THE OLD DRAMATISTS AND THE OLD POETS. THE OLD DRAMATISTS. SHAKSPEARE. With Remarks on his Life and Writings by THOMAS CAMPBELL ; and Portrait, Vignette, Illustrations, and Index. WYCHERLEY, CONGREVE, VANBRUGH, AND FAR- QUHAR. With Biographical and Critical Notices by LEIGH HUNT ; and Portrait and Vignette. MASSINGER AND FORD. With an Introduction by HART- LEY COLERIDGE ; and Portrait and Vignette. BEN JONSON. With a Memoir by WILLIAM GIFFORD ; and Portrait and Vignette. BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. With Introduction by GEORGE DARLEY; and Portrait and Vignettes. In Two Vols. JOHN WEBSTER. With Life and Notes by the Rev. ALEX- ANDER DYCE. MARLOWE. With a Memoir and Notes by the Rev. ALEXANDER DYCE ; and Portrait and Vignette. GREENE AND PEELE'S DRAMATIC WORKS. Edited by the Rev. ALEXANDER DYCE. THE OLD POETS. SPENSER. With selected Notes, Life by the Rev. H. J. TODD, M.A. ; Portrait Vignette, and Glossary Index. CHAUCER. With Notes and Glossary by TVRWHITT ; and Portrait and Vignette. DRYDEN. "With Notes by the Revs. JOSEPH and JOHN WARTON ; and Portrait and Vignette. POPE. Including the Translations. With Notes and Life by Rev. H. F. GARY, A.M. ; and Portrait. y.V TO JOHN FORSTER, ESQ., AUTHOR OF THE LIFE OP GOLDSMITH, ETC. $$8 Wolamt is insnibtb, AS A SLIGHT RETURN FOR MANY KINDNESSES, BY HIS SINCERE FRIEND, THE EDITOR. [I860.] PREFACE TO THE EDITION OF 1850 (IN THREE VOLUMES). THE present edition of Marlowe's Works is not a reprint of that put forth by the same publisher in 1826, but exhibits a new text formed on a collation of the early copies. I had no concern in the edition of 1826, which, nevertheless, has been frequently cited as mine ; and when I charac- terize it as abounding with the grossest errors, I cannot offend its editor, who has been long deceased. Several years ago, an edition of Marlowe's Works was projected by Mr. J. P. Collier ; but, on learning that I had commenced the present one, he abandoned his design, and kindly transferred to me some curious documents which he had intended to use himself, and which I have inserted in their proper places : nor, conscious as I am that there has been inexcusable delay in bringing out the present edition, ought I to be dissatisfied that Mr. Collier should have since printed a considerable portion of those papers in the Prolegomena to his Shakespeare. I have also to return my thanks to Mr. Collier for furnishing me with all the entries concerning Marlowe's pieces which he had met with while preparing for the press his Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company. My best acknowledgments are due to the Rev. Dr. Bandinel, Librarian of the Bodleian, Oxford, both for the information which he communicated to me by letter, and for the many courtesies which I experienced from him when I had occasion to inspect Malone's collection of English poetry, now added to the Bodleian treasures. By the ready services of the Rev. H. 0. Coxe, of the same noble establishment, I have profited more than once. To the Rev. J. C. Robertson, Vicar of Beakesbourne, who spared neither PREFACE TO THE EDITION OF 1850. time nor trouble in aiding my inquiries about Marlowe in his native city, I feel myself greatly indebted ; and to the Rev. W. S. H. Braham, Rector of St. George's, Canterbury, I am not without obligations. Having reason to believe that Marlowe had been educated at the King's School, Canterbury, I requested the Hon. D. Finch, Auditor, to examine, certain old Treasurer's Accounts, which, I was told, were preserved in the Cathedral, and were likely to determine the point. With this request Mr. Finch complied; and informed me that Marlowe was mentioned in those Accounts, as one of the Bang's Scholars who had received the usual stipend during such and such years. But there his civilities ended. It was in vain that I continued asking him, as a particular favour, either to permit me to make the necessary extracts from those Accounts, or to allow a clerk to make them for me ; in Mr. Finch's opinion, my solicitations were unreasonable. Several months after, a gentleman, whose influence is powerful at Canterbury, was induced (through the medium of a mutual friend) to exert himself in my behalf ; and, in consequence of his kind interposition, the extracts from the Accounts were at last forwarded to me, accompanied with a special notice that " ten and sixpence " must be sent, in return, to Mr. Finch. The task of tracing Marlowe's course at Cambridge was voluntarily undertaken for me by the Rev. George Skinner, of Jesus College ; and he performed it with a zeal for which I feel truly grateful. To the Rev. John Mitford, to W. J. Thorns, Esq., and to W. H. Black, Esq., I have to offer my thanks for various and not unimportant assistance. The first edition of Marlowe's Hero and Leander was lent to me by the late Mr. Miller of Craigentinny. ALEX. DYCE. CONTENTS. PAOE PREFACE TO THE EDITION OF 1850 vii SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS . . xi THE FIRST PART OF TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT. , ... 5 THE SECOND PART OF TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT . . 39 THE TRAGICAL HISTORY OF DOCTOR FAUSTUS FROM THE QUARTO OF 1604 .... 75 THE TRAGICAL HISTORY OF DOCTOR FAUSTUS FEOM THE QUARTO OF 1616 103 BALLAD OF FAUSTUS ..... 136 THE JEW OF MALTA .... 139 EDWARD THE SECOND ....... 179 THE MASSACRE AT PARIS ... . ...... 223 THE TRAGEDY OF DIDO, QUEEN OF CARTHAGE 247 HERO AND LEANDER ... ........ 275 OVID'S ELEGIES .... 311 EPIGRAMS BY J. D. . . . . 351 IGNOTO ,366 CONTENTS. PAGI THE FIRST BOOK OF LUCAN 367 THE PASSIONATE SHEPHERD TO HIS LOVE 381 FRAGMENT 382 DIALOGUE IN VERSE 382 IN OBITUM R. MANWOOD 384 APPENDIX I. THE ATHEIST'S TRAGEDIE 387 APPENDIX II. NOTE CONCERNING MARLOWE'S OPINIONS . . .389 APPENDIX III. PORTIONS OF GAGER'S DIDO 391 APPENDIX IV. SPECIMENS OF FETOWE'S CONTINUATION OF HERO . 398 . 408 SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. WHEN the latest biographer of Marlowe set out with a declaration that "the time of this writers birth cannot be ascertained," * he rather hastily assumed the impossibility of discovering it. Christopher Marlowe, the son of John Marlowe, shoemaker, t was born at Canterbury in February 1563-4, and baptized there in the Church of St. George the Martyr on the 26th of that month. J * Lives of English Dramatists, i. 49. (Lardner's Cyclop.) f " Marlowe a shooe makers sonne of Cant." MS. Note, in a very old hand, on the margin of a copy of Beard's Theatre of God's Judgments, 1598, which, when I saw it, belonged to the late Mr. B. H. Bright. "His [Marlowe's] father was a shoemaker in Canterburie." MS. Note in a copy of Hero and Leander, ed. 1629, now in the possession of Mr. J. P. Collier. See also the last stanza but four of the ballad called The Atheist's Tragedie, Appendix I. to this volume. J 1563-4, " The 26 th day of ffebruary was christened Christofer the sonne of John Marlow." Register of St. George the Martyr, Canterbury. The following entries are found in the same Register ; which, though very old, is only a transcript ; and the scribe was unable to decypher the Christian names in the fourth, seventh, and eighth entries : 1548, " The 28 th day of December was christened Marget the daughter of John Marlow." 1562, " The xxi" of May was christened Mary the daughter of John Marlowe." 1565, " The [date illegible] day of December was christened Margarit the daughter of John Marlowe. " 1568, " The last day of October was christened [sic\ the sonne of John Marlow." 1569, " The 20 th day of August was christened John the sonne of John Marlow." 1566, " The 10 th day of December was buried Simon the sonne of Thomas Marlow." 1567, " The 5 th day of November was buried [sic] the sonne of John Marlow." 1568, " The 28 th day of August was buried [sic] the daughter of John Marlow." 1570, " The 7 th day of August was buried Thomas y e sonne of John Marlow." 1604, " John Marloe clarke of St. Maries was buried y e 26 th of January." Qy. does the last entry refer to the elder or to the younger John Marlowe (see the fifth entry) ? It is possible that, while our poet's father followed the business of a shoemaker (which, according to the stanza of the ballad referred to in the preceding note, he continued to do till his death), he also held the situation of " clarke of St. Maries." So unsettled was the orthography of the time, that our author's name (as will be seen) was written in ten different ways, Mario, Marloe, Marlow, Marlowe, Marley, Marly, Marlye, Marlen, Marlin, Marlyn ! xii SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. Our poet's history has hitherto been a blank up to the period of his graduating at Cambridge ; but that deficiency is now in some sort supplied by the following particulars. The King's School at Canterbury was founded by Henry the Eighth for a Master, an Usher, and fifty Scholars between the ages of nine and fifteen, the Scholars having each a stipend of four pounds per annum, and retaining their Scholarships for five years. To enable some of the more deserving Scholars, on completing their education at this establishment, to proceed to one of the Universities, several benefactions were made at various times. The earliest which I find recorded is that of Archbishop Parker. In 1569 he founded two Scholarships, each of the value of 3. 6s. 8d., in Corpus Christi alias Benet College, Cambridge, to maintain, during the space of two hundred years, two Scholars, natives of Kent, and educated at the King's School, who were to be called Canterbury Scholars, and to be entitled to all the advantages enjoyed by the other Scholars in the college. Archbishop Whitgift having renewed this foundation, it is now perpetual.* That the King's School may henceforth claim the honour of having contributed to the instruction of Marlowe is proved by a document which I obtained with great difficulty, t an extract from " the Treasurer's Accounts " concerning the " Stipend, sive Salar. L a puerorum studen. Grammatic.," for the year ending at the Feast of St. Michael, 21st Eliz. It commences with " Idem denar. per dictum Thesaur. de exit, officii sui hoc anno solut. quinquaginta pueris studen. Grammatic. pro salariis suis ad s. iiij u pro quolibet eorum per annum," and contains four notices of the usual sum having been paid "Xrofero Marley," "in primo termino hujus anni," "in secundo termino hujus anni," " in tercio tennino hujus anni," and " in ultimo termino hujus anni." If I may depend upon the information which I received together with the extract just quoted, Marlowe did not continue at the King's School the full period which its statutes allowed him to remain. J At the proper age Marlowe was removed to Cambridge ; and, as Benet was the college of which he became a member, I at first concluded that he had been elected to one of the Parker Scholarships already mentioned ; but a careful examination of the records both of the University and of Benet, which has recently been made at my request, leaves, I am told, very little doubt that he did not obtain a Scholarship. * For other particulars concerning the King's School, see Hasted's Hist, of Kent, iv. 683 son t See Preface. "Marlowe's name," I am informed, "does not occur in [the Accounts for] 1575, 1576, 1577, nor : the intervening Accounts are wanting." (It could not occur in the Accounts for 1581). The present Master of the King's School observes to me " that no special patronage was required for Marlowe's election as a Scholar ; any boy of good ability may at any time get into the School." The only mention of him in the Books of Corpus (Benet) Coll. is an entry of his admission in 30 ; and there he is called " Marlin," without the Christian name. My correspondent at Cambridge observes; "the University books enter both the Christian name and the surname in all cases; the Benet Books only in the case of Scholars. It therefore seems nearly certain that Marlowe was not SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. He was matriculated as Pensioner of Benet College, 17th March, 1580-1.* He took the degree of A.B. in 1583, and that of A.M. in 1587.t If Marlowe did not benefit by the Parker foundation, we are at a loss to know how he was enabled to meet the expenses of the University : that his father could have furnished him with the requisite sums, is altogether improbable ; and we are driven to conjecture that Marlowe owed his maintenance at college either to some wealthier relative, or to some patron whose favour he had won by early indications of genius. Among the Kentish gentry there was no one more likely to have lent him a helping hand than Sir Roger Manwood,J Chief Baron of the Exchequer, who had his principal mansion at St. Stephen's near Canterbury, and was much distinguished for his munificence. Indeed, it would seem that on some occasion or other Marlowe was indebted to the bounty either of that excellent man, or of his son Peter (afterwards Sir Peter) Manwood, who was bo j h learned himself and an encourager of the learned ; for, unless the Latin verses in p. 384 of the present volume are wrongly assigned to our poet, which there is no reason to suppose, a tribute of respect to the memory of Sir Roger Manwood was among his latest compositions. It is plain that Marlowe was educated with a view to one of the learned professions. Most probably he was intended for the Church ; nor is it unlikely that, having begun, even during his academic course, to entertain those sceptical opinions for which he was afterwards so notorious, he abandoned all thoughts of taking a, Foundation Scholar. He may perhaps have held some bye-scholarship or exhibition." The same obliging informant has since communicated to me the remark of a gentleman belonging to Corpus, that "Scholars were entered with a ' pomp and circumstance' not found in the notice of 'Marlin.'" * " 17 Mar. 1580 Chrof. Marlen Pensioner." Cambridge Matriculation- Book. t " Xr<5f. Marlyn 1583 A.B." " Chr : Marley 1587 A.M." Cambridge Grace-Book. + Sir Roger Manwood, the son of a draper, was born at Sandwich in 1525. He applied himself to the study of the law, and appears to have become early eminent in his profession. He was made a Serjeant, 23d April, 1567, a Justice of the Common-Pleas, 14th Octr. 1572; and he was both knighted and appointed Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 17th Novr. 1578. He founded and endowed a free-school at Sandwich, and was a very liberal benefactor to the parish and church of St. Stephen s alias Hackington, where (in the neighbourhood of Canterbury) he mostly resided. Sir Roger was twice married : by his first wife he had three sons and two daughters ; by his second wife no issue. He died 14th Deer. 1592, and was buried in the parish-church of St. Stephen's, which contains a splendid monument to his memory. See Hist, of Sandwich, pp. 245-248, by Boys (who erroneously states that Sir Roger was author of the well-known treatise on Forest Laws : it was written by John Manwood). The monument above-mentioned was erected by Sir Roger himself shortly before his decease. This fact was curiously confirmed some years ago when the monument was undergoing repairs : the person who was at work on it told the present rector of St. Stephen's that some letters and figures in the last line of the inscription (those that record the date of Sir Roger's death) were not cut by thf same hand which had cut the rest. The Register of St. Stephen's states that Sir Roger was buried 16th December. Peter Manwood, the eldest and only surviving son of Sir Roger, was created a Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of James the First. He served several times in Parliament for Sandwich ; and died in 1625. His eldest daughter became the wife of Sir Thomas Walsingham, knight, who (as will after- wards be shown) was on terms of intimacy with Marlowe. See Boys's Hist, of Sandioich, pp. 249, 250. rir SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. orders. Be that as it may, his predilection for the drama was decided : before 1587 it seems certain that he had produced Tamburlaine the Great ; and eventually he joined the crowd of literary adventurers in the metropolis with a determination to rely on his genius alone for a subsistence. At one time Marlowe unquestionably "fretted his hour upon the stage." According to Phillips, whose account is followed by Wood * and Tanner,t he " rose from an actor to be a maker of plays ; " J and in a very curious ballad, which was composed while some of his contemporaries were still alive, we are told that he performed at the Curtain in Shore-ditch ; " He had alsoe a player beene Upon the Curtaine-stage, But brake his leg in one lewd scene When in his early age." But is the assertion of Phillips, that Marlowe was first an actor and afterwards a dramatist, to be received as the exact truth ? I think not ; for, without taking into consideration the flagrant inaccuracies of Phillips's work, there are circumstances in the history of Marlowe which seem strongly to contradict it. Nor do the words of the ballad, "When in his early age," necessarily confirm the statement of Phillips. In the stanza just cited, the ballad-monger (who found " age " an obvious rhyme to " stage ") meant, I conceive, no more than this, -that Marlowe's histrionic feats took place soon after he had formed a permanent connection with the London theatres for the sake of a livelihood ; and, as far as I can judge, such really was the case. We have seen that Marlowe took the degree of A.M. in 1587 ; and there is every reason to believe that he was then known as a successful dramatist : but if he had been also known as one who had exhibited himself on the London boards in the capacity of a regular actor (and as such the ballad-monger evidently describes him), I am by no means sure that, in those days, the University of Cambridge would have granted the degree.]) On this point, however, I would not urge my opinion with any * Alh. Oxon. ii. 7, ed. Bliss. t Biblioth. Bi-it. p. 512. ^ Theat. Poet. (Modern Poets), p. 24, ed. 1675. Warton says that Marlowe was "often applauded, both by Queen Elizabeth and King James the First, as a judicious player" (Hist, of Engl. Poet. iii. 433, ed. 4to.) ; yet he presently adds that Marlowe "died rather before the year 1593" (p. 437), which was "rather before " King James ascended the throne of England. TJie Atheisfs Tragedie ; see Appendix I. to this volume. The date of the ballad may be inferred from the second stanza, 1 ' A truer storie nere was told, As some alive can showe," &c. || Even the composing of plays for a London theatre by a member of the University was a proceeding very unlikely to meet with approbation from the Dons of Cambridge. They most probably held in supreme contempt all modern dramas which were not academic, which were not written to be acted in a college-hall when some royal or dignified personage honoured the University with a visit. SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. positiveness : new materials for Marlowe's biography may hereafter come to light, and prove that I am mistaken. For the same person to unite in himself the actor and the dramatist was very common, both at that time and at a later period. Marlowe may have performed on more than one stage, though we can trace him only to the Curtain ; and we may gather from the terms of the ballad (" He had alsoe a player beene .... But brake his leg," &c.) that, the accident which there befell him having occasioned incurable lameness, he was for ever disabled as an actor. The tragedy of Tamburlaine the Great, in Two Parts (the Second Part, it appeal's, having been brought upon the stage soon after the First*), may be confidently assigned to Marlowe, though the old editions have omitted the author's name. It is his earliest drama, at least the earliest of his plays which we possess. From Nash's Epistle "To the Gentlemen Students of both Universities," t prefixed to Greene's M^enapJion, 1587, and from Greene's Address "To the Gentlemen Readers," J prefixed to his Perimedes the Blacke-Smith, 1588, Mr. Collier concludes, and, it would seem, justly, "that Marlowe was our first poet who used blank- verse in dramatic compositions performed in public theatres, that Tamburlaine was the play in which the successful experiment was made, and that it was acted anterior to 1587." On the authority of a rather obscure passage in The Black Boole, 1604, Malone had conjectured that Tamburlaine was written either wholly or in part by Nash : || but to that conjecture Mr. Collier, besides adducing a line from a sonnet by Gabriel Harvey, in which Marlowe, then just deceased, is spoken of under the * See Prologue to the Sec. Part. 1" In which Nash ridicules the then recent introduction of blank-verse on the public stage, aud seems to allude to Marlowe in contemptuous terms. J In which Greene expressly mentions Marlowe's tragedy ; " daring God out of heauen with that atheist Tamburlan, or blaspheming with the mad preest of the sonne." Mr. Collier thinks that Marlowe also wrote the play in which " the Priest of the Sun" was a leading character. Hist, of Enyl. Dram. Poet. iii. 112. Compare too the Prologue to the First Part of Tam- burlaine ; " From jigging veins of rhyming mother-wits, And such conceits as clownage keeps in pay, We'll lead you to the stately tent of war," &c. Mr. Collier informs us. that, before the appearance of Tamburlaine, writers for the regular theatres had confined themselves to the use of prose or rhyme ; and that all the English tragedies in blank verse which preceded Tamburlaine were performed either at court or before private societies. Warton incidentally observes that Tambiirlaine was " represented before the year 1588." Hist, of Enyl. Poet. iv. 11, ed. 4to. II Shakespeare (by Boswell), iii. 357. The passage in The Black Book is, "the spindle-shank spiders went stalking over his [Nash's] head as if they bad been conning of Tamburlaine " (see Middleton's Works, v. 526, ed. Dyce) ; and it means, I have no doubt, that the spiders stalked with the tragic gait of an actor practising the part of Tamburlaine : compare the 2d line of the quotation from Hall in p. xvii. SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. appellation of "Tamberlaine,"* has opposed the explicit testimony of Henslowe's Diary, "Pd unto Thomas Dickers [Dekker], the 20 of Desembr 1597 fyve shellenges for a prolog to Marloes Tamberlen" t I may add, that the rhymer who has turned the history of Marlowe into a ballad, describes him in one place as " blaspheming Tanibolin" ^ This tragedy, which was entered in the Stationers' Books, 14th August, 1590, and printed during the same year, has not come down to us in its original fulness ; and probably we have no cause to lament the curtailments which it suffered from the publisher of the first edition. " I have purposely," he says, " omitted and left out some fond and frivolous gestures, digressing, and, in my poor opinion, far unmeet for the matter, which I thought might seem more tedious unto the wise than any way else to be regarded, though haply they have been of some vain-conceited fondlings greatly gaped at, what tune they were shewed upon the stage in their graced deformities : nevertheless now to be mixtured in print with such matter of worth, it would prove a great disgrace to so honourable and stately a history." || By the words, "fond and frivolous gestures," we are to understand those of the "clown," who very frequently figured, with more or less prominence, even in the most serious dramas of the time. The introduction of such buffooneries into tragedy IT is censured by Hall towards the conclusion of a passage which, as it mentions " the Turkish Tamberlaine," would seem to be partly levelled at Marlowe :** " One higher-pitch' d doth set his soaring thought On crowned kings that Fortune hath low brought, Or some vpreared high-aspiring swaine, As it might be the Turldsh Tamberlaine. Then weeneth he his base drink-drowned spright Rapt to the three-fold loft of heauen hight, Si D 3 **' ^ ' ^ Tamberlaine vonte afes ^ dye." A New Letter of Notable Contents, 1593, (IT t f^'t'n 1 ' 6d ' Shake ' Soc '~ As another proof that Tamburlaine is by Marlowe, Mr. Collier t.ojngl. Drc n. Poet. iii. 114) adduces Heywood's Prologue to our author's Jew of Malta : but iothing to the purpose; see note||, p. 142 of the present volume. Notwithstanding ontin* f v l he C ntrary> Mr> Hallam ( Introd - to the Lit ' of Europe, ii. 169, ed. 1843) still Jtjnues to regard Nash as Marlowe's coadjutor in Tamburlaine. ee Appendix L to the present volume. P. 4 of the present volume. 'the n Proa 7 muc * " ot * dd \ *??**? "^^" and "Coviello," into deep tragedies. "I have i I'f T ^ ** ^ '* Bol Dia ' ^ W uld -ever\ave taken, had 1701, 170170368" ed. 1745 dead when (in 1597) the -^ from SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. When lie conceiues vpon his fained stage The stalking steps of his greate personage, Graced with huf-cap termes and thundring threats, That his poore hearers' hayre quite vpright sets. Now, least such frightfull showes of Fortune's fall And bloudy tyrants' rage should chance apall The dead-stroke audience, midst the silent rout Comes leaping in a selfe-misformed lout, And laughes, and grins, and frames his mimikface, And iustles straight into the prince's place : Then doth the theatre eccho all aloud With gladsome noyse of that applauding crowd : A goodly hoch-poch, when vile russettings Are matched] with monarchs and with mightie Icings I" * But Hall's taste was more refined and classical than that of his age ; and the success of Tamburlaine, in which the celebrated Alleyn represented the hero,t was adequate to the most sanguine expectations which its author could have formed. Nor did it cease to be popular when no longer a novelty : the Scythian conqueror, gorgeous in his " copper -laced coat and crimson velvet breeches," J riding in a chariot drawn by harnessed monarchs, and threatening destruction to the very- powers of heaven,|| was for many years a highly attractive personage to the play- * Hall's Virgid. Lib. i. Sat. iii., ed. 1602. t See Heywood's Prol. to our author's Jew of Malta, p. 142 of the present volume. J "Item, Tamberlynes cotte, with coper lace," " Item, Tamberlanes breches of crymson veil vet." Appendix to Henslowe's Diary, pp. 274-5, ed. Shake. Soc. We find ibid. p. 273, " Tamberlyne brydell" (i. e. the bridle for the captive kings). "Enter Tamburlaine, drawn in his chariot by the Kings of Trebizon and Soria, with bits in their mouths, we's version may be borne with perfect resignation. It is to be presumed that Tamburlaine had not been long before the public, when Marlowe produced his Faustus* The date of the first edition of the prose-romance which supplied the materials for this play, is, I believe, doubtful ; but " A ballad of the life and death of Doctor Faustus the great cungerer" was licensed to be printed 28th February, 1588-9; and, as ballads were frequently founded on favourite dramas, it is most likely that the ditty just mentioned was derived from our author's play. A stanza in Rowlands's Knave of Clubs, not only informs us that Alleyn acted the chief part in this tragedy, but also describes his costume ; "The gull gets on a surplis, With a crosse upon his brest, Like Allen playing Faustus, In that manner was he drest." f The success of Faustus was complete. Henslowe has sundry entries^ concerning it ; none, however, earlier than 30th Sept. 1594, at which date Marlowe was dead, and the play, there is every reason to believe, had been several years on the prompter's list. Henslowe has also two important memoranda regarding the " additions" which were made to it, when, in consequence of having been repeatedly performed, it had somewhat palled upon the audience ; "Pd unto Thomas Dickers [Dekker], the 20 of Desembr 1597, for adycyons to Fostus twentie shellinges." "Lent unto the companye, the 22 of novmbr 1602, to paye unto W m Birde and Samwell Rowley for ther adicyones in Docter Fostes, the some of .... iiij u ". Faustus was entered in the Stationers' Books 7th January 1 600-1. || The earliest edition yet discovered is the quarto of 1604; which never having been Raptus Helena, Hefen's Rape, by the Athenian duke Theseus'." Surely, Warton could not mean, that the book entered to Jones in 1595 was perhaps Marlowe's version of Coluthus ; for Coluthus relates the rape of Helen by Paris, not by Theseus. * Mr. Collier observes that " Marlowe's Faustus, in all probability, was written very soon after bis Tamburlaine the Great, as in 1588 'a ballad of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus' (which in the language of that time might mean either the play or a metrical composition founded upon its chief incidents) was licensed to be printed." Hut. of Engl. Dram. Poet. iii. 126. As we find that the play was entered in the Stationers' Books in 1601, the " ballad of Faustus " must mean the story of Faustus in verse, perhaps, that ballad which I have reprinted in the present volume, p. 136. Mr. Collier, in a note on Henslowe's Diary, p. 42, ed. Shake. Soc., states that "the old Romance of Faustus, on which the play is founded, was first entered on the Stationers' books in 1588 :" qy. does he mean the old ballad of Faustus ? t P. 22. ed. Percy Soc. (reprint of ed. 1611). An inventory of Alleyn's theatrical apparel includes "Faustus Jerkin, his cloke." Collier's Mem. of Alleyn, p. 20. Diary, pp. 4291, ed. Shake. Soc. Ibid. pp. 71, 228. Among the stage-properties of the Lord Admiral's men (Ibid. p. 273) we find "j dragon iafostes." II I make this statement on the authority of the MS. notes by Malone in his copies of 4tos 1604 and 1631 (now in the Bodleian Library). SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. xxi examined either by Marlowe's editors or (what is more remarkable) by the excellent historian of the stage, Mr. Collier, they all remained ignorant how very materially it differs from the later editions. The next quarto, that of 1616 (reprinted in 1624 and hi 1631), besides a text altered more or less from the commencement to the end, contains some characters and scenes which are entirely new : but, as the present volume includes both the edition of 1604 and that of 1616, a more particular account of their variations is unnecessary here. We have seen that "additions" were made to Faustus in 1597, and again in 1602, at the first of which dates Marlowe had been several years deceased; and a question arises, is the quarto of 1604 wholly from our author's pen, or is it, as the quarto of 1616 indisputably is, an alteration of the tragedy by other hands? Malone believed that the quarto of 1604 was "Marlowe's original play;"* but a passage in a speech of the Horse- courser proves him to have been mistaken. The words are these ; " Mass, Doctor Lopus was never such a doctor :" t now, Marlowe died in 1593 ; and the said Doctor Lopez did not start into notoriety till the following year, during which he suffered death at Tyburn for his treasonable practices. | I at first entertained no doubt that the (somewhat mutilated and corrupted) quarto of 1604 presented Faustus with those comparatively unimportant "additions" for which Dekker was paid twenty shillings in 1597 ; and that the quarto of 1616 exhibited that alteration of the play which was made by the combined ingenuity of Bird and Rowley in 1602. But I have recently felt less confident on this subject, having found that the anonymous comedy The Taming of a Shrew, which was entered in the Stationers' Books and printed in 1594, contains a seeming imitation of a line in Faustus, a line which occurs only in the quarto of 1616 (reprinted in 1624 and 1631), and which belongs to a scene that, as the merest novice in criticism will at once perceive, was not the composition of Marlowe. If the line in question was really imitated by the author * MS. Note in his copy of 4to 1604. In his copy of 4to 1631 he has written ; "The reason why Rowley and Bird's additions did not appear in the edition of 1604, was, that they were retained for the use of the theatre." (Malone, it would seem, was not then aware that Dekker had made additions to Faustus in 1597.) Mr. Collier says, "We may conclude that the additions last made [to Faustus by Bird and Rowley] were very considerable ; and with them probably the piece was printed in 1604." Hist, of Engl. Dram. Poet. in. 126 : but when Mr. Collier made this remark, he was unacquainted with the quarto of 1604, as is proved by his quoting, throughout his valuable work, the text of the later Faustus. t P. 96, sec. col. J He was executed in June 1594 : see Stowe's Annales, p. 768, ed. 1615. It is, " Or hew'd this flesh and bones as small as sand." P. 126, first col. The probable imitation of it is, " And hew'd thee smaller than the Libian sandes." The resemblance between these two lines might have been considered as purely accidental, did not The xxii SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. of The Taming of a Shrew, we must conclude that, earlier than 1597, Faustus had received " additions" concerning which the annals of the stage are silent ; nor must we attempt to assign to their respective authors those two rifacimenti of the tragedy which are preserved in the quartos of 1604 and 1616. A fifth quarto of Faustus was printed in 1663, With New Additions, as it is now Acted. With several New Scenes, together vrith the Actors Names [L e. the names of the Dram. Pers.], the new matter* occupying much less space than the title-page would lead us to imagine, and evidently supplied by some poetaster of the lowest grade. The repeated alterations and editions of this tragedy seem to justify the assertion of Phillips, that " of all that Marlowe hath written to the stage, his Dr. Faustus hath made the greatest noise, with its devils and such like tragical sport."t The well-known fact, that our early dramatists usually borrowed their fables from novels or " histories," to which they often servilely adhered, has not been considered any derogation from their merits. Yet the latest biographer of Marlowe dismisses Faustus as " unworthy of his reputation," chiefly because it " closely follows a popular romance of the same name."| Certain it is that Marlowe has "closely followed" the prose History of Doctor Faustus; but it is equally certain that he was not indebted to that History for the poetry and the passion which he has infused into his play, for those thoughts of surpassing beauty and grandeur with which it abounds, and for that fearful display of mental agony at the close, compared to which all attempts of the kind by preceding English dramatists are " poor indeed." In the opinion of Hazlitt, " Faustus, though an imperfect and unequal performance, is Marlowe's greatest work." Mr. Hallam remarks; "There is an awful melancholy about Marlowe's Mephistophiles, perhaps more impressive than the malignant mirth of that fiend in the renowned work of Goethe. But the fair form of Margaret is wanting."|| In the comic scenes of Faustus (which are nearly all derived from the prose History) we have buffoonery of the worst description ; and it is difficult not to believe that Marlowe is answerable for at least a portion of them, when we recollect that he had inserted similar scenes hi the original copy of his Tairibwrlaine. Taming of a Shrew contain various passages almost transcribed from Tamburlaine and Faustus : see much more on this subject, p. li. of the present essay. Mr. Collier is mistaken when he states that in 4to. 1663 " a scene at Rome is transferred to Constantinople, and another interpolated from The Rich Jew of Malta." Hist, of Engl. Dram. Poet. iii. 126. There is no scene at Constantinople, nor any interpolation from the Jew of Malta; but there is a scene at Babylon, during which the Sultan questions one of his Bashaws concerning the taking of Malta, and is informed how they had won the town by means of the Jew. Perhaps it is hardly worth mentioning that Marlowe's Faustus was " made into a Farce, with the Humours of Harlequin and Scaramouch,'" by the celebrated actor Mountfort, who was so basely assassinated in 1692. t Theat. Poet. (Modern Poets), p. 25, ed. 1675. Lives of English Dramatists, i. 58 (Lardner's Cyclop.). Lectures on Dram. Lit. p. 63, ed. 1840. II Introd. to the Lit. of Europe, iL 171, ed. 1843. SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. xxiii In what year Marlowe produced The Jew of Malta we are unable to determine. The words in the Prologue, "now the Guise is dead," are evidence that it was composed after 23rd Dec. 1588 ; and Mr. Collier thinks that it was probably written about 1589 or 1590.* Barabas was originally performed by Alleyn;t and the aspect of the Jew was rendered as grotesque and hideous as possible by means of a false nose. In Rowley's Search for Money, 1609, a person is described as having "his visage (or vizard) like the artificial! Jewe of Maltae's nose ;" + and a speech in the play itself, " 0, brave, master ! I worship your nose for this," is a proof that Marlowe intended his hero to be distinguished by the magnitude of that feature. It would seem, indeed, that on our early stage Jews were always furnished with an extra quantity of nose : it was thought that a race so universally hated could hardly be made to appear too ugly. The great popularity of this tragedy is evinced by Henslowe's Diary, where we find numerous notices concerning it, the earliest dated 26th February 1591-2, the latest 21st June 1596 ; and again, a notice of its revival 19th May 1601.|| Though entered in the Stationers' Books 17th May 1594,1T it remained in manuscript till 1633, when, after having been acted at court and at the Cock-pit with prologues and epilogues by Heywood, it was published under the auspices of the same dramatist. The character of Barabas, upon which the interest of the tragedy entirely depends, is delineated with no ordinary power, and possesses a strong individuality. Unfor- tunately, however, it is a good deal overcharged ; but I suspect that, in this instance at least, Marlowe violated the truth of nature, not so much from his love of exaggeration, as in consequence of having borrowed all the atrocities of the play from some now-unknown novel, whose author was willing to flatter the prejudices of his readers by attributing almost impossible wickedness to a son of Israel " The first two acts of The Jew of Malta" observes Mr. Hallam, " are more vigorously conceived, both as to character and circumstance, than any other Elizabethan play, except those * Hist, of Engl. Dram. Poet. iii. 135. t See pp. 141, 142. J P. 19, ed. Percy Soc. P. 157, sec. col. || Pp. 21 74, 187, ed. Shake. Soc. We also find (Ibid. p. 274) in an inventory of the stage- properties of the Lord Admiral's men, " j caudenn for the Jewe," L e. the caldron into which Barabas falls. H On the preceding day was entered "a ballad" on the same subject, derived, we may presume, from the tragedy. Sir John Harington has the following couplet in an epigram written perhaps as early as 1592 ; " Was ever Jew of Malta or of Millain Then [Than] this most damned Jew more Jewish villain ? " Of a devout usurer Epigrams, B. iii. Ep. 16, ed. folio. In his Cutter of Coleman-street (an alteration of his Guardian), Cowley makes one of the characters say, " But I'm the very Jew of Malta, if she did not use me since that worse than I'd use a rotten apple." Act ii. sc. 3 [se. 1], xxiv SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. of Shakespeare : " * but the latter part is in every respect so inferior, that we rise from a perusal of the whole with a feeling akin to disappointment. If the dialogue has little poetry, it has often great force of expression. That Shakespeare was well acquainted with this tragedy cannot be doubted ; but that he caught from it more than a few trifling hints for The Merchant of Venice will be allowed by no one who has carefully compared the character of Barabas with that of Shy lock, f An alteration of The Jeto of Malta was brought out at Drury-lane Theatre in 1818, when Kean was in the zenith of his fame, and, owing to his exertions in Barabas, it was very favourably received. Warton incidentally mentions that Marlowe's Edward the Second was " written in the year 1590 ;"J and, for all we know, he may have made the assertion on sufficient grounds, though he has neglected to specify them. Mr. Collier, who regards it (and, no doubt, rightly) as one of our author's latest pieces, has not attempted to fix its date. It was entered in the Stationers' Books 6th July 1593, and first printed in 1598. From that heaviness, which prevails more or less in all " chronicle histories " anterior to those of Shakespeare, this tragedy is not quite free ; its crowded incidents do not always follow each other without confusion ; and it has few of those " rap tures," for which Marlowe is eulogized by one of his contemporaries. But, taken as a whole, it is the most perfect of his plays ; there is no overdoing of character, no turgidity of language. On the two scenes which give the chief interest to this drama Lamb remarks; "the reluctant pangs of abdicating royalty in Edward furnished hints which Shakespeare scarce improved in his Richard the Second ; and the death-scene of Marlowe's king moves pity and terror beyond any scene ancient or modern with which I am acquainted." || The excellence of both scenes is indis- putable ; but a more fastidious critic than Lamb might perhaps justly object to such an exhibition of physical suffering as the latter scene affords. The Massacre at Paris was, we are sure, composed after August 2nd, 1589, when Henry the Third, with whose death it terminates, expired in consequence of the wound he had received from Jaques Clement the preceding day. IF On the * Introd. to the Lit. of Europe, ii. 170, ed. 1843. t See a considerable number of what have been called the " parallel passages" of these two plays in the Appendix to Waldron's edition, and very ingenious continuation, of Jonson's Sad Shepherd, p. 209. Hist. ofEngl. Poet. iii. 438, ed. 4to. See the lines by Drayton quoted in p. liii of this memoir. II Spec. ofEngl. Dram. Poets, p. 28, ed. 1808. " The Jew of Malta contains, in its original prologue, spoken by Machiavel, an allusion to The Massacre at Paris, which had preceded it." Hist. ofEngl. Dram. Poet. iii. 135. But when Mr. Collier made this remark, he had n>t yet seen Henslowe's MSS. : and as to the words in question, " now the Guise is dead," they only shew that The Jew of Malta was written after the death of the Duke of Guise. SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. xxv entry in Henslowe's Diary, " Ed at the tragedej of the guyes [Guise] 30 [January 1593*] iij s . . . . iiij 8 ," Mr. Collier observes, " In all probability Marlowe's Massacre at Paris. This entry is valuable, supposing it to apply to Marlowe's tragedy, because it ascertains the day it was first acted, Henslowe having placed ne [i. e. new] in the margin. It was perhaps Marlowe's last play, as he was killed about six months afterwards." Henslowe has several later entries concerning the performance of the same piece (which he also designates The Massacre) but probably, when he notices " the Guise " under the year 1598, f he refers to a revival of the tragedy with additions and alterations. It appears that in the play as originally written, the character of Guise was supported by Alleyn.^; The Massacre at Paris was printed without date (perhaps about 1595 or 1596), either from a copy taken down, during representation, by some unskilful and ignorant short-hand-writer, or from a very imperfect transcript which had belonged to one of the theatres. It would be rash to decide on the merits of a play which we possess only with a text both cruelly mutilated and abounding in corruptions ; I strongly suspect, however, that The Massacre at Paris, even in its pristine state, was the very worst of Marlowe's dramas. We must now turn from his works to the personal history of Marlowe. It is not to be doubted that by this time he had become acquainted with most of those who, like himself, were dramatists by profession ; and there can be little doubt too that beyond their circle (which, of course, included the actors) he had formed few intimacies. Though the demand for theatrical novelties was then incessant, plays were scarcely recognized as literature, and the dramatists were regarded as men who held a rather low rank in society : the authors of pieces which had delighted thousands were generally looked down upon by the grave substantial citizens, and seldom presumed to approach the mansions of the aristocracy but as clients in humble attendance on the bounty of their patrons. Unfortunately, the discredit which attached to dramatic writing as an occupation was greatly increased by the habits of those who pursued it : a few excepted, they were improvident, * It is quite manifest, both from what precedes and what follows in the Diary, that Henslowe (who was an egregious blunderer) ought to have written here "1592," i. e. 1592-3 (see Diary, p. 30, ed. Shake. Soc.) ; and with that date the entry has been given by Malone, Shakespeare, by Boswell, iii. 299, as well as by Mr. Collier, Hist, of Engl. Dram. Poet. iii. 132. "f* " Lent W m Birde, alias Borne, the 27 of novembr [1598], to bye a payer of sylke stockens, to playe the Gwisse in^xx 8 ." " Lent unto W m Borne, the 19 of novembr, 1598, upon a longe taney clocke of clothe, the some of xij", wc h hesayd yt was to Imbrader his hatte for the Gwisselxij 8 ." Diary, pp. 110, 113., ed. Shake. Soc. At a later date Webster wrote a drama (now lost) which was called The Guise, and which is more likely to have been an original work than one founded upon Marlowe's tragedy. + In an inventory of theatrical apparel belonging to Alleyn is "hose [i. e. breeches] .... for the Guises." Collier's Mem. of Alleyn, p. 21. See note *, p. 239. nvi SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. unprincipled, and dissolute, nonr rioting in taverns and " ordinaries " on the profits of a successful play, and now lurking in the haunts of poverty * till the completion of another drama had enabled them to resume their revels. At a somewhat later period, indeed, a decided improvement appears to have taken place in the morals of our dramatic writers : and it is by no means improbable that the high respectability of character which was maintained by Shakespeare and Jonson may have operated very beneficially, in the way of example, on the play-wrights around them. But among those of superior station there was at least one person with whom Marlowe lived on terms of intimacy : the publisher of his posthumous fragment, Hero and Leander, was induced to dedicate it "to the right worshipful Sir Thomas Walsingham, knight,"t because he had " bestowed upon the author many kind favours, entertaining the parts of reckoning and worth which he found hi him with good countenance and liberal a/ection"^. Nor is this the only proof extant that Sir Thomas Walsingham cultivated a familiarity with the dramatists of his day ; for to him, as to his " long-loved and honourable friend" Chapman has inscribed by a sonnet the comedy of Al Foole$, 1605. Among the play-wrights of the time, Robert Greene was far from the meanest in the estimation of his contemporaries. The ill-will which he appears to have borne to Marlowe [| when the latter first rose into public favour, had most probably passed away long before the period at which we are now arrived ; and we may conclude that they eventually kept up a friendly intercourse with each other, undisturbed by any expression of uneasiness on the part of Greene at Marlowe's acknowledged preemi- nence. The wretched Greene, reduced to utter beggary, and abandoned by the companions of his festive hours, expired at the house of a poor shoemaker near Dowgate on the 3rd of September 1592 ;1T and soon after his decease, his Gfroatsworth of Wit bought with a million of Repentance was given to the public by Henry Chettle, one of the minor dramatic and miscellaneous writers of the day. The following " Address," which occurs towards the conclusion of that tract, has been frequently * The author of The Atheists Tragedie has not failed to notice such vicissitudes of fortune in Marlowe's case ; " A poet was he of repute, And wrote full many a playe, Now strutting in a silken sute, Then begging by the way." See Appendix L to this volume. t Sir Thomas Walsingham, knight, of Chesilhurst in Kent. He married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Peter Manwood, Knight of the Bath (see ante, note , p. xiii), and died in 1 630, aged 69. See Thorpe's Registrum Roffense, p. 933, and Hasted's Hist, of Kent, L 99. See p. 277. This poetical dedication is found, I believe, iu only a single copy of the pl*y. II See ante, note , p. xv. II For various other particulars, see the Account of Greene, &c., p. Ixxii. sqq., prefixed to his Dram. Worlct, tc., ed. Dyce. SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WHITINGS. xxvii reprinted : but it is a document which must not be omitted in any biography of Marlowe : " To those Gentlemen his quondam acquaintance, that spend their wits in making playes, K. G. wisheth. a better exercise, and wisedome to preuent his extremities. "If wofull experience may mooue you, gentlemen, to beware, or vnheard-of wretchednes intreat you to take heed, I doubt not but you will look backe with sorrow on your time past, and endeuour with repentance to spend that which, is to come. Wonder not (for with thee will I first beginne),, thou famous gracer of tragedians [i. e. Marlowe], that Green, who hath said with thee, like the foole in his heart, ' There is no God,' should now giue glorie vnto his greatnesse ; for penetrating is his power, his hand lyes heauy vpon me, he hath spoken vnto me with a voyce of thunder, and I haue felt * he is a God that can punish enemies. Why should thy excellent wit, his gift, be so blinded that thou shouldest giue no glory to the giuer ? Is it pestilent Machiuilian policie that thou hast studied ] peevisht follie ! what are his rules but meere confused mockeries, able to extirpate in small time the generation of mankinde 1 for if sic volo, sic iubeo, holde in those that are able to commaund, and if it be lawfull fas et nefas, to doo any thing that is beneficiall, onely tyrants should possesse the earth, and they, striuing to exceed in tiranny, should ech to other be a slaughterman, till, the mightyest outlining all, one stroke were left for Death, that in one age mans life should end. The brocher J of this dyabolicall atheisme is dead, and in his life had neuer the felicitie he aymed at, but, as he beganne in craft, liued in feare, and ended in dispaire. Quam inscrutabilia stint Dei judicia I This murderer of many brethren had his conscience seared like Cayne ; this betrayer of him that gaue his life for him inherited the portion of Judas ; this apostata perished as ill as Julian : and wilt thou, my friend, be his disciple ? Looke vnto mee, by him perswaded to that libertie, and thou shalt finde it an infernall bondage. I know the least of my demerits merit this miserable death ; but wilfull striuing against knowne truth exceedeth all the terrors of my soule. Deferre not (with mee) till this last point of extremitie ; for little knowest thou how in the end thou shalt be visited. " With thee I ioyne young luuenall [L e. Lodge], that byting satyrist, that lastly * felt] Olded. "left." t peevish] Old ed. "punish" (the compositor's eye having perhaps caught that word from the preceding sentence). J brocher] Old ed. "Brother." "Probably Francis Kett, A. M., of Winmondham in Norfolk, whc was bred at Benet College in Cambridge, and was chosen fellow 1573. In February 1589 he was burnt at Norwich for holding detestable opinions against Christ." MS. Note by Malone. lastly] Qy. "lately" ? Lodge's talent as a satirist may be seen in hiaFigfor Afomus, 1595. The " comedie" which he composed in conjunction with Greene, is A Looking Glossefor London and England (reprinted in Greene's Dram. Works, &c., ed. Dyce). Malone observes : "Dr. Farmer is of opinion that the second person addressed by Greene is not Lodge, but Nashe, who is often called Juvenal by the writers of that time ; but that he was not meant, is decisively proved by the extract from Chettle's xxviii SOME ACCOUNT OF MAELOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. with mce together writ a comedie. Sweet boy, might I aduise thee, be aduised, and get not many enemies by bitter words : inueigh against vaine men, for thou canst doo it, no man better, no man so well ; thou hast a libertie to" reprooue all and name none ; for one being spoken to, all are offended, none beeing blamed, no man is iniuried. Stop shallow water still running, it will rage ; tread on a worme, and it will turne ; then blame not schollers who are vexed with sharpe and bitter lines, if they reprooue thy too much liberty of reproofe. " And thou [i. e. Peele] no lesse deseruing then the other two, in some things rarer, in nothing inferiour, driuen (as myselfe) to extreame shifts, a little haue I to say to thee ; and, were it not an idolatrous oath, I would sweare by sweet S. George thou art vnworthy better hap, sith thou dependest on so meane a stay. Base-minded men all three of you, if by my misery yee bee not warned ; for vnto none of you (like me) sought those burs to cleaue ; those puppits, I meane, that speake from our mouths, those anticks garnisht in our colours. Is it not strange that I to whorne they all haue bin beholding, is it not like that you to whom they all haue bin beholding, shall, were yee in that case that I am now, be both of them at once forsaken ? Yes, trust them not ; for there is an vpstart crow * [i. e. Shakespeare] beautified with our feathers, that, with his Tygres heart wrapt in a players hyde, supposes hee is as well able to bombast out a blanke-verse as the best of you ; and, beeing an absolute Johannes-fac-totum, is in his owne conceyt the onely Shake-scene in a countrey. Oh, that I might intreat your rare wittes to bee imployed in more profitable courses, and let these apes imitate your past excellence, and neuer more acquaynte them with your admyred inuentions ! I knowe the best husband of you all will neuer prooue an vsurer, and the kindest of them all will neuer prooue a kinde nurse : yet, whilst you may, seeke you better maisters ; for it is pitty men of such rare wits should bee subiect to the pleasures of such rude groomes. " In this I might insert two more that both haue writte against these buckram gentlemen : but let their owne worke serue to witnesse against theyr owne wicked- nesse, if they perseuer to maintaine any more such peasants. For other new commers, I leaue them to the mercie of these painted monsters, who, I doubt not, will driue the best-minded to despise them : for the rest, it skills not though they make a least at them. " But now returne I again to you three, knowing my miserie is to you no newes ; and let me heartilie intreate you to be warned by my harmes. Delight not, as I haue done, in irreligious oaths, for from the blasphemers house a curse shall not depart. pamphlet [see p. xxx. of this Memoir] ; for he [Chettle] never would bave laboured to vindicate Nashe from being the writer of the Groatsworth of Wit, if any part of it had been professedly addressed to him. Besides, Lodge had written a play in conjunction with Greene, called A Looking-Glass for London and England, and was author of some satirical pieces ; but we do not know that Nashe and Greene had ever written in conjunction." Life of Shakespeare, p. 307, ed. 1821. This allusion to Shakespeare will be particularly noticed in a later part of the present memoir. SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. xxix Despise drunkennes, which wasteth the wit, and maketh* men all equall vnto beasts. Flie lust, as the deathsman of the soule, and defile not the temple of the Holy Ghost. Abhorre those epicures whose loose life hath made religion loathsome to your eares ; and when they sooth you with tearms of mastership, remember Rotert Greene, whome they haue often so flattered, perishes now for want of comfort. Remember, gentlemen, your lines are like so many light t tapers that are with care deliuered to all of you to maintaine : these with wind-puft wrath may be extinguished, with j drunkennesse put out, with || negligence let fall ; for mans time of itself e is not so short but it is more shortened by sinne. The fire of my life ^T is now at the last snuffe, and the want of wherewith to sustaine it, there is no substance for life to feed on. Trust not, then, I beseech yee, left to such weake stayes ; for they are as changeable in minde as in many attires. Well, my hand is tyred, and I am forst to leaue where I would beginne ; for a whole booke cannot contain then* wrongs, which I am forst to knit vp hi some few lines of words." ** Both Marlowe and Shakespeare having taken offence at the above " Address," their complaints were noticed by Chettle, the editor of the tract, in a public statement which he prefixed to his Kind-Harts Dreame, &c, and which, if satisfactory to Shake- speare, was little calculated to soothe the displeasure of Marlowe. " About three moneths since," says Chettle, " died M. Robert Greene, leauing many papers in sundry booke-sellers hands ; among other, his Groatsworth of Wit, in which a letter written to diuers play-makers is offensiuely by one or two of them taken ; and because on the dead they cannot be auenged, they wilfully forge in their conceites a liuing author ; and after tossing it two [to] and fro, no remedy, but it must light on me. How I haue all the tune of my conuersing in printing ft hindred the bitter inueying against schollers, it hath been very well knowne, and how in that I dealt I can sufficiently prooue. With neither of them that take offence was I acquainted, and with one of them [i. e. Marlowe] I care not if I neuer be : the other [i. e. Shakespeare], whome at that time I did not so much spare as since I wish I had, for that as I haue moderated the heate of liuing writers, and might haue vsde my owne discretion (especially in such a case) the author beeing dead, that I did not, I am as sory as if the originall fault had beene my fault, because myselfe haue scene his demeanor no lesse ciuill than he exclent in the qualitie he professes ; besides, diuers of worship haue reported his vprightnes of dealing which argues his honesty, and his facetious grace in writting that aprooues his art. For the first, whose learning I reuerence, and, at the perusing of Greenes booke, stroke out what then in conscience I thought he in some displeasure writ, or, had it beene true, yet to publish it was intollerable, him I would wish to vse maketh] Old ed. "making." f light] i.e. lit lighted. J with] Old ed. "which." put] Olded. "puts." || with] Old ed. "which." life] Olded. "light." Something seems to have dropt out from this sentence. * I quote from ed. 1617. +t Chettle was originally a printer. xxx SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. me no worse than I deserue. I had onely in the copy this share ; it was il written, as sometime Greenes hand was none of the best ; licensd it must be, ere it could beo printed, which could neuer be if it might not be read : to be breife, I writ it ouer, and, as neare as I could, followed the copy, onely in that letter I put something out, but in the whole booke not a worde hi ; for I protest it was all Greenes, not mine, nor Maister Nashes, as some vniustly haue affirmed." * That it should have been attributed to Nash seems strange enough : but we have his own testimony, in addition to Chettle's, that such was the case. " Other newes," he says, " I am aduertised of, that a scald triuiall lying pamphlet, cald Greens Groats-ivorth of Wit, is giuen out to be of my doing. God neuer haue care of my soule, but vtterly renounce me, if the least word or sillible in it proceeded from my pen, or if I were any way priuie to the writing or printing of it."t " Possibly," observes Mr. Collier, " one of the ' lying ' portions of it, in the opinion of Nash ? was that in which an attack was made upon Shakespeare," J a remark which somewhat surprises me. Nothing can be plainer than that Greene wrote the passage in question with a perfect knowledge that those whom he addressed, viz. Marlowe, Lodge, and Peele, were no less jealous of the "Shake-scene" than himself, and that they would relish the sneering allusion to one who had given evidence of possessing a dramatic power which in its full development might reduce the whole band of earlier play-wrights to comparative insignificance. There is, therefore, no likelihood that Nash, the com- panion of Greene, Marlowe, Lodge, and Peele, and he too a writer for the stage, would have beheld the bright dawn of Shakespeare's genius with feelings more liberal than theirs. But, however he may have felt towards Shakespeare, I cannot doubt that when he mentioned the Groatsworth of Wit in the terms above cited, he was thinking only of the probable consequences of such a publication to himself : he was vexed and irritated because its disclosures concerning men with whom he was well known to have associated, the dead Greene, and the still-living Marlowe, had a strong tendency to injure his own character ; and he boldly pronounced it to be a " lying pamphlet," in the hope of shaking its credit with the world. That Greene's exhortation, "to be warned by his harms," had no effect on * "To the Gentlemen Readers," before Kind-Harts Dreame, &c. n. d. Mr. Collier remarks, " We have some doubts of the authenticity of the ' Groatsworth of Wit' as a work by Greene." Life of Shakespeare, p. cxxxi. I cannot think these doubts welt founded. The only important part of the tract, the Address to the play-wrights, has an earnestness which is scarcely consistent with forgery ; and Chettle, though an indigent, appears to have been a respectable man. Besides, the Groatsworth of Wit, from beginning to end, closely resembles in style the other prose-works of Greene. t " A priuate Epistle to the Printer," prefixed to the sec. ed. of Pierce PennUesse his Supplication to the Diuell, 1592 (I quote from ed. 1595). J Introd. to Nash's Pierce Penniless^ Supp. &c. p. xvii, ed. Shake. Soc. After Greene's death, Nash was anxious to persuade the public that no great intimacy had subsisted between them ; but he was obliged to allow that he had been Greene's companion "at that fatall banquet of Rhenish wine and pickled hearing," of which Greene surfeited and died : see Nash's Strange Newes, &c., 1592, Sigs. E 4, H, L 4. SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. xxxi Marlowe, is but too certain. Greene had not been a year in the grave, when Marlowe perished by a violent death in the very prime of manhood. This cata- strophe occurred at Deptford ; where, in the burial-register of the parish-church of St. Nicholas, may still be read the entry, " Christopher Marlow, slaine by ffrancis Archer, the 1 of June, 1593."* In Beard's Theatre of God's Judgements, 1597, we have the following account. " Not inferior to any of the former in atheisme and impietie, and equal to al in maner of punishment, was one of our own nation, of fresh and late memorie, called Marlin [in the margin Marlow], by profession a scholler, brought vp from his youth in the Vniuersitie of Cambridge, but by practise a play- maker and a poet of scurrilitie, who by giuing too large a swing to his owne wit, and suffering his lust to haue the full reines, fell (not without just desert) to that out- rage and extremitie, that hee denied God and his sonne Christ, and not onely in word blasphemed the Trinitie, but also (as it is credibly reported) wrote bookes against it, affirming our Sauiour to be but a deceiuer, and Moses to be but a coniurer and seducer of the people, and the holy Bible to bee but vaine and idle stories, and all religion but a deuice of policie. But see what a hooke the Lord put in the nostrils of this barking dogge ! So it fell out, that as he purposed to stab one, whom he ought a grudge vnto, with his dagger, the other party perceiuing so auoyded the stroke, that, withall catching hold of his wrest, hee stabbed his owne dagger into his owne head, in such sort that, notwithstanding all the meanes of surgerie that could bee wrought, hee shortly after died thereof; the manner of his death being so terrible (for hee euen cursed and blasphemed to his last gaspe, and together with his breath an oath flew out of his mouth), that it was not only a manifest signe of Gods judgement, but also an horrible and fearefull terror to all that beheld him. But herein did the justice of God most notably appeare, in that hee compelled his owne hand, which had written those blasphemies, to bee the instru- ment to punish him, and that in his braine which had deuised the same."t Meres, in his Palladis Tamia, &c., 1598, after referring to the passage of Beard just quoted, goes on to say, " As the poet Lycophron was shot to death by a certain riual of his, so Christopher Marlow was stabd to death by a bawdy seruingman, a riuall of his in his lewde loue."J The story is told somewhat differently by Vaughan in The Golden * This entry (which, not without much trouble, I found in the tattered register) was first given to the public by a writer in a periodical work called The British, Stage (No. for January 1821). t P. 149, ed. 1631. J Fol. 286. This account of Meres is wrought up by poor Dermody as follows : 1 ' Who, led by sweet Simplicity aside From pageants that we gaze at to deride, Has not, while wilder'd in the bow'ry grove, Oft sigh'd, ' Come, live with me and be my love ' ? Yet, oh ! be love transform'd to deadly hate, As freezes memory at Marlow's fate : xxxii SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. Crroue, &c., 1600 : " Not inferiour to these was one Christopher Marlow, by profession a play-maker, who, as it is reported, about 14 yeres agoe wrote a booke against the Trinitie. But see the effects of Gods justice ! It so hapned that at Detford, a litle village about three miles distant from London, as he meant to stab with his ponyard one named Ingram [Archer ?], that had inuited him thither to a feast and was then playing at tables, hee [Archer ?] quickly perceyuing it, so auoyded the thrust, that withall drawing out his dagger for his defence, hee stabd this Marlow into the eye, in such sort that, his braynes comming out at the daggers point, hee shortly after dyed. Thus did God, the true executioner of diuine iustice, worke the ende of impious atheists."* The author of The Returne from Pemasws, an academic drama which, though acted before the death of Queen Elizabeth, was not printed till 1606, has these striking lines concerning our poet ; "Marlowe was happy in his buskinf'd] Muse, Alas, vnhappy in his life and end ! Pitty it is, that wit so ill should dwell, Wit lent from heauen, but vices sent from hell. Our theater hath lost, Pluto hath got, A tragick penman for a driery plot." + In The Thunderbolt of Gods wrath against hard-hearted and sti/e-necked sinners, &c., 1618, Rudierde closely adheres to the narrative of Beard, mixing up with it, however, the erroneous statement that Marlowe was killed "in a streete in London."J Wood, it is evident, derived his information wholly from Beard and Disastrous bard ! by too much passion warm'd, His fervid breast a menial beauty charm'd ; Nor, vers'd in arts deceitful woman knows, Saw he the prospect of his future woes. Vain the soft plaint, the sordid breast to fire With warmth refin'd or elegant desire ; Vain his melodious magic, to impart Affections foreign to th' unfeeling heart ; In guardless ecstacy's delicious glow, He sinks beneath a vassal murd'rer's blow. O'er his dread fate my kindred spirit stands Smit with commutual wound, and Pity wrings her hands. Ah ! had some genial ray of bounty shone On talents that but lack'd its aid alone, Had some soft pennon of protection spread Its eider plumage o'er that hapless head, What emanations of the beauteous mind Had deck'd thy works, the marvel of mankind ; Snatch'd from low-thoughted Care thy stooping soul, And plac'd thee radiant on Fame's deathless roll ; Where still anneal'd, thy own unequall'd strain Shall crown'd by sensibility remain !'' The Pursuit of Patronage, The Harp of Erin, vol. i. 49. Sig. C 4, ed. 1608. t Sig. B 2. J P. 29. SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. Meres, when, not without a touch of his own quaintness, he related the circumstances of our author's death.* To the above authorities, I subjoin the MS. Notes of an unknown writer in a copy of Marlowe's Hero and Leander, ed. 1629.t "Feb. 10, 1640. Mr. [here two words in cipher], that Marloe was an atheist, and wrot a booke against [here two words in cipher], how that it was all one mans making, and would haue printed it, but it would not be suffred to be printed. Hee was a rare scholar, and made excellent verses in Latine. Hee died aged about 30." " Marloe was an acquaintance of Mr. [here a name in cipher] of Douer, whom hee made become an atheist ; so that he was faine to make a recantation vppon this text, ' The foole hath said in his heart there is no God.' " " This [here the name, as before, in cipher] learned all Marloe by heart." "Marloe was stabd with a dagger, and dyed swearing." In addition to the various charges of impiety brought against Marlowe in the preceding passages, the reader will find in Appendix ii. to the present volume that " Note " of his " damnable opinions " which, just before the poet's death, was given in, as grounds for a judicial process, by a person named Bame, and which Bitson exultingly drew forth from the Harleian MSS.| in answer to Warton's assertion that Marlowe had no systematic disbelief of religion, and that the Puritans had construed his slight scepticism into absolute atheism. How far the poet's freethinking was really carried, I do not pretend to determine. I certainly feel that probability is outraged hi several of the statements of Bame, who appears to have had a quarrel with Marlowe, and who, it must not be forgotten, was afterwards hanged at Tyburn; and I can readily believe that the Puritans would not stick at misrepresentation in speaking of a man whose writings had so greatly contributed to exalt the stage : but when I see that the author of The Returm from Pernassus, whom no one will suspect of fanaticism, has painted the * See Aih. Oxon, ii. 7, ed. Bliss. Compare too the ballad called The Atheists Tragedie, Appendix I. to this volume. A couplet in Marston's Satires, 1598, has been supposed, without much reason, to point at Marlowe's death ; " 'Tis loose-leg'd Lais, that same common drab, For whom good Tubrio tooke the mortall stab." Sat. ii. p. 145, ed. 1764. Mr. Collier thinks that in the Epistle to the Reader, prefixed to the Second Part of T. B.'s translation of The French Academic, there is an allusion to Marlowe : -vide Poet. Decam. ii. 271, sqq. I do not think so. ( In the possession of Mr. Collier. J It is among the papers of Lord Keeper Puckering. The writer of a critique on my first edition of Marlowe's Works, 1850, most strangely supposes that this "Note" was not given in as grounds for a judicial process, but "was only required by the master of the Kevels to enable him to deter- mine whether Marlowe should be allowed, either as author or actor, to form part of any company performing under the Queen's sanction." Fraser's Magazine for February, 1853, p. 233. Vide Warton's Hist, of Engl. Poet. iii. 437, ed. 4to., and Ritson's Observations on that work, p. 40. e xxxiv SOME ACCOUNT OF MAKLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. character of Marlowe in the darkest colours, while at the same time he bestows a high encomium on his genius ; and, above all, -when I remember that, before either Bame or the Puritans had come forward as his accusers, the dying Greene * had borne unequivocal testimony against him to the very same effect, it is not easy for me to resist the conviction that Marlowe's impiety was more confirmed and daring than Warton and others have been willing to allow. It was only to be expected that among the surviving friends of Marlowe there would be some who would mention him t in terms altogether different from those employed by the writers last quoted ; and accordingly we find that in the Prologue to The Honour of the Garter, which was published very shortly after Marlowe's death, he is apostrophised by Peele in the language of enthusiastic admiration ; 1 ' Unhappy in thine end, Marley, the Muses' darling for thy verse, Fit to write passions for the souls below, If any wretched souls in passion speak." J When Nash republished his Christ's Tears over Jerusalem in 1594, he prefixed to it an Epistle in which he renews his attack on Gabriel Harvey, and " vindicates," among others, "poor deceased Kit Marlowe :" this I state on the authority of Mr. Collier, the only copy of that edition which I have seen being imperfect and wanting the passage about Marlowe. The same writer, in his final and best attack on Gabriel Harvey, Haue with you to Sa/ron-walden, &c, 1596, has recorded a "saying" of Marlowe concerning Richard Harvey, the younger brother of Gabriel; "Kit Marloe was wont to say, that he was an asse, good for nothing but to preach of the Iron Age."|| The reader, I presume, will not think so highly of this bon-mot as JSTash appears to have done : but it at least contains the truth ; for Richard Harvey has fairly "written himself down an ass" in his Astrological Discourse, which, to the infinite dismay of many persons as silly as the author, announced that a very fatal conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter was to happen on the 28th of April, 1583. In a M.S. poem called The Newe MetamorpJwsis, or a Feaste of Fancie, &c, by J. M., 1600, (unknown to me, except through the medium of a recent work,)1T our poet is spoken of as " Jcynde Kit Marloe," an epithet which, however impious his tenets, or however * Be it remembered too that the more offensive part of what Greene had written concerning Marlowe, was omitted by Chettle when he revised the Groat s-wortk of Wit : see ante, p. xxix. Hartley Coleridge, treating of old dramas founded on deeply tragic incidents in English domestic fe which had recently occurred, observes; "It is a wonder that the assassination of Marlowe was never dramatized." Introd. to the Works of Massinger and Ford, p. xiii. Surely, it is no wonder that the dramatists of those days did not endeavour to give additional publicity to the melancholy and disgraceful fat of one who had been the most eminent among them. Peele's Works, ii. 222, ed. Dyce, 1829. Introd. to Nash's Pierce Penniless 1 s Swppl. &c., p. xxix, ed. Shake. Soc. H Sig. N 3. 1 Halliwell's Life of Shakespeare, p. 190, ed. Svo. SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. XXXV loose his morals, he may have fully merited. And here let me observe with respect to " Kit," that it is not to be considered as a fond and familiar appellation bestowed on Marlowe in consequence of any endearing qualities which he may have possessed . fur Heywood, after declaring that " Our moderne poets to that passe are driuen, Those names are eurtal'd which they first had giuen ; And, as we wisht to haue their memories drown.' d, We scarcely can afford them halfe their sound," adduces fourteen instances of such abbreviations of the Christian name, among which is the following ; " Mario, renown'd for his rare art and wit, Could ne're attaine beyond the name of Kit, Although his Hero and Leander did Merit addition rather."* Neither painting nor engraving has preserved the features of Marlowe ; nor does any passage in the writings of his contemporaries enable us to form the slightest idea of his personal appearance. I now resume the enumeration of .his works. Bishop Tanner, speaking of the tragedy of Dido, says, " Hanc perfecit et edidit Tho. Nash, Lond. 1594, 4 to."; and he presently adds, "Petowius in praefatione ad secundam partem Herois et Leandri multa in Marlovii commendationem adfert ; hoc etiani facit Tho. Nash in Carmine elegiaco tragoedice Didonis prsefixo in obitum Christoph. Marlovii, ubi quatiior ejus tragosdiarum mentionem facit, nee. non et alterius De Duce Guisio."^ Warton, too, observes, " His [Marlowe's] tragedy of Dido Queen of Carthage was completed and published by his friend Thomas Nashe in, 1594;" subjoining in a note, "Nashe, in his Elegy prefixed to Marlowe's Dido, mentions five of his plays." | As the Elegy by Nash is not in any of the few copies of Dido which are at present known, it would seem to be lost irretrievably ; but that it once existed is unquestionable. Malone, who applied to Warton for farther particulars on this subject has left the following MS. note in his copy of the play. "He [Warton] informed me by letter that a copy of this play was in Osborne'a Catalogue in the year 1754 ; that he then saw it in his shop (together with several of Mr. Oldys's books that Osborne had purchased), and that the elegy in question, ' on Marlowe's untimely death,' was inserted immediately after the title-page ; that it mentioned a play of Marlowe's entitled The Duke of Cfuise,\\ and four others, but whether particularly by name he could not recollect. Unluckily he did not purchase this rare piece, and it is now God knows where."1T Mr. Collier, who seems to be * The Hierarchic of the blessed Angells, 1635, p. 206. f Biblioth. Brit. p. 512. t Hist, of Engl. Poet. iii. 435, ed. 4to. Now in the Bodleian Library. II i. e. The Massacre at Paris. fi Tel it would almost seem that Malone had as little faith in honest Tom "Warton's veracity as Ritson himself had ; for presently, after citing Tanner, he writes ; "I suspect Mr. Warton had no c 2 xxxvi SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. unacquainted with what Tanner and Warton have stated concerning Dido, regards it as a drama undoubtedly written by Marlowe and Nash in conjunction ; and moreover is of opinion that their respective shares may be easily distinguished, those of Nash being more monotonous in versification and less poetical than those of Marlowe.* For my own part, since I find Tanner's statement so circumstantially confirmed by Warton, I consider myself bound to believe, till some positive evidence be produced to the contrary, that Dido was completed for the stage by Nash after the decease of Marlowe. As to any marked difference of versification which would enable us to determine exactly what parts of the play are by Marlowe and what by Nash,t I must confess that it is not quite so perceptible to me as to Mr. Collier ; nor do I think that we are warranted in assigning to the latter poet all the less brilliant passages, since we know that Marlowe, though often soaring to a height which Nash could not have reached, yet frequently sinks to the level of a very ordinary writer. In short, I cannot but suspect that Nash's contributions to Dido were comparatively small The date of its original representation has not been ascertained : it was acted by the Children of the Chapel ; J and (as already noticed) was first printed in 1594. Previous to the appearance of this tragedy, several dramas on the story of Dido had been attempted in England. John Bightwise, master of St. Paul's School, London, "made the Tragedy of Dido out of Virgil, and acted the same with the scholars of his school, before Cardinal Wolsey, with great applause :" || it would other authority than this for saying that this play was left imperfect by Marlowe, and completed and published by Nash." * See Hist, of Engl. Dram. Poet. iii. 225. At p. 138 Mr. Collier remarks that "Marlowe and Nash were not acquainted with each other in 1587," but at p. 221, that Dido was " apparently written previous to 1590." t Mr. Collier particularly gives to Nash the description of the fall of Troy, a description which I should rather say is Marlowe's, its splendid extravagance being above the powers of Nash. It is doubtful, as Mr. Collier observes, whether the following entry in Henslowe's Diary refers to some alteration and revival of Marlowe's Dido, or to some new piece on the same subject (for Henslowe afterwards mentions a play called ^Eneas' Revenge); " Layd owte for coper lace for the littell boye, for a valle [veil ?] for the boye, ) . , ageanste the playe of Dido and Eneus, the 3 of Jenewary 1597 . . . j p. 117, ed. Shake. Soc. Among the stage-properties of the Lord Admiral's men we find " j tome of Dido," and among their stage-dresses " Dides robe." Ibid. pp. 273, 276. For Marlowe's Dido "a tomb" was not wanted. In an inventory of Alleyn's theatrical wardrobe is "Pryams hose in Dido" (Collier's Mem. of Alleyn, p. 21) : qy. were the said hose [i. e. breeches] used for the statue of Priam in Marlowe's tragedy (see the first scene of act ii. p. 255) ? It is at least certain that Priam could not possibly be a character in any play on the story of Dido. Warton, Hist, of Engl. Poet. iii. 435, ed. 4to., notices "the interlude of Dido and Eneas at Chester," which, he says, "I have before mentioned :" but I cannot find the earlier mention of it. II Wood's Ath. Oxon. i. 35, ed. Bliss. See too Tanner's JSiblioth. p. 632, where, however, the notice of this play is taken from Wood. Warton, Hist, of Engl. Poet. ii. 434, ed. 4to., states that it was written by Rightwise and in Latin ; but he afterwards, iii. 84, wrongly assigns it to Edward Haliwell, and says " it may be doubted whether this drama was in English." A mistake of Harwood SOME ACCOUNT OF MARLOWE AND HIS WRITINGS. xxxvii seem to have been a Latin composition. In 1564, "a tragedie named Dido, in hexametre verse, without anie chorus,"* written by Edward Haliwell, was played before Queen Elizabeth in King's- College chapel, Cambridge : and in 1583 a Latin Dido was represented for the amusement of Prince Alasco in Christ-Church hall, Oxford. The author of the last-mentioned piece has hitherto been unknown : but I can now state that it was composed by Dr. William Gager, whose Latin plays were greatly admired even beyond the precincts of the university ; and large fragments of it, which I have recovered from his own manuscript, may be read in an appendix to the present volume, t Much of Marlowe's play is necessarily derived from Virgil ; J and, as those portions of the jEneid that relate to Dido are in a high degree truthful and passionate, the compariso'n which we are forced to make between them and the English tragedy is so unfavourable to the latter, that we are in some danger of estimating it below its real worth. But, though Marlowe's portrait of Dido be nearly as inferior to Virgil's as Hogarth's Sigismonda is to Correggio's, and though the other characters of the play have little force or variety, our author must yet be allowed the praise of having engrafted on the Roman fable some well-imagined circumstances, and of having given to many passages, which are wholly unborrowed, such richness of colouring and such beauty of expression as the genuine poet only can bestow. Nash, whose name has occurred more than once in this memoir, and whose partnership in Dido has just been mentioned, survived the publication of that tragedy for several years. If his /Summer's last Will and Testament, 1600, was not put forth by himself, his Lenten Stuffe, 1599, must be regarded as the piece with which he closed his literary career. In 1601 he was certainly deceased. His talents as a writer were very considerable and various ; but his strength is chiefly displayed in his prose-invectives, which, whatever be their offences against good taste and perhaps against good feeling, are scarcely to be paralleled for bitterness, of concerning Rightwise's Dido has perplexed Mr. Hallam, Introd. to the Lit. of 'Europe, i. 433, ed. 1843. * Nichols's Prog, of Elizabeth, i. 186, ed. 1823. It "was written by Edward Haliwell, fellow of King's College, as appears from Hatcher's account of the provosts, fellows, &c. of that society. Bodl. MSS. Rawlinson, B. 274." Note by Bliss in Wood's Ath. Oxon., i. 35. See also Tanner'f Biblioth. p. 372. Warton, Hist, of Enyl. Poet. ii. 383, ed. 4to., supposes it to have been an English play t See Appendix III. (Gager's MS. was lent me by the late Mr. T. Rodd the bookseller.) Th comedy Rivales, with which Prince Alasco had been entertained on the preceding night, was also bj Gager ; see Wood's Ath. Oxon. ii. 87, ed. Bliss. Of Gager's plays two only, I believe, have been printed, Ulysses Redux, 1591, and Meleager, 1592. Meres mentions "Doctor Gager of Oxforde," as one Persian lords. CE.VEUS, HENAPHON, TAMBURLAINE, a Scythian shepherd. TECHELLES, ) , USCMCASANE,; ^followers. BAJAZETH, emperor of the Turks. KING OF FEZ. KING OF MOROCCO. KING OF ARGIER. KINO OF ARABIA. SOLD AX OF EGYPT. GOVERNOR OF DAMASCUS. AGYDAS, ) . MAGNETES, { Median lords. CAPOLIN, an Egyptian. PHILEMUS, Bassoes, Lords, Citizens, Moors, Soldiers, aad Attendants. ZENOCRATE, daughter to the Soldan of Egypt. ANIPPE, lier maid. ZABIN-A, wife to BAJAZETH. EBEA, her maid. Virgins of Damascus. THE FIKST PAET OF TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT. ACT I. SCENE I. Enter HVCETES, COSROE, MEANDER, TUERIDAMAS, OBTVGIUS, CEXEUS, MENAPHON, with others. Myc. Brother Cosroe, I find myself agriev'd ; Yet insufficient to express the same, For it requires a great and thundering speech : Good brother, tell the cause unto my lords ; I know you have a better wit than I. Cos. Unhappy Persia, that in fonner age Hast been the seat of mighty conquerors, That, in their prowess and their policies, Have triumph'd over Afric,* and the bounds Of Europe where the sun dares scarce appear For freezing meteors and congealed cold, Now to be rul'd and govem'd by a man At whose birth-day Cynthia with Saturn join'd, And Jove, the Sun, and Mercury denied To shed their f influence in his fickle brain ! Now Turks and Tartars shake their swords at thee, Meaning to mangle all thy provinces. Myc. Brother, I see your meaning well enough, And through J your planets I perceive you think I am not wise enough to bo a king : But I refer me to my noblemen, That know my wit, and can be witnesses. I might command you to be slain for this, Meander, might I not ] Mean. Not for so small a fault, my sovereign lord. Myc. I mean it not, but yet I know I might. Yet live ; yea, live ; Mycetes wills it so. Meander, thou, my faithful counsellor, * Afrir] So the Svo. The 4to " Affrica." 1 their] Old ads. " his." J through] So the 4to. The Svo " thorough." Declare the cause of my conceived grief, Which is, God knows, about that Tamburlaine, That, like a fox in midst of harvest-time, Doth prey upon my flocks of passengers ; And, as I hear, doth mean to pull my plumes : Therefore 'tis good and meet for to be wise. Mean. Oft have I heard your majesty complain Of Tamburlaine, that sturdy Scythian thief, That robs your merchants of Persepolis Trading by land unto the Western Isles, And in your confines with his lawless train Daily commits incivil * outrages, Hoping (misled by dreaming prophecies) To reign in Asia, and with barbarous arms To make himself the monarch of the East : But, ere he march in Asia, or display His vagrant ensign hi the Persian fields, Your grace hath taken order by Theridamas, Charg'd with a thousand horse, to apprehend And bring him captive to your highness" throne. Myc. Full true thou speak'st, and like thyself, my lord, Whom I may term a Damon for thy love : Therefore 'tis best, if so it like you all, To send my thousand horse incontinent f To apprehend that paltry Scythian. How like you this, my honourable lords ? Is it not a kingly resolution ? Cos. It cannot, choose, because it comes from you. Myc. Then hear thy charge, valiant Theridamas, The chiefest J captain of Mycetes' host, * incivil] i.e. barbarous. So tire Sre. The 4to "vn- ciuUl." f incontinent] i. e. forthwith, immediately. J chiefest] So the Svo. The 4to "chiefe." 8 THE FIRST PART OF ACT I. The hope of Persia, and the very legs Whereon our state doth lean as on a staff, That holds us up and foils our neighbour foes : Thou shalt be leader of this thousand horse, Whose foaming gall with rage and high disdain Have sworn the death of wicked Tamburlaine. Go frowning forth ; but come thou smiling home, As did Sir Paris with the Grecian dame : Return with speed ; time passeth swift away ; Our life is frail, and we may die to-day. Ther. Before the moon renew her borrow'd light, Doubt not, my lord and gracious sovereign, But Tamburlaine and that Tartarian rout * Shall either perish by our warlike hands, Or plead for mercy at your highness' feet. Myc. Go, stout Theridamas ; thy words are swords, And with thy looks thou conquerest all thy foes. I long to see thee back return from thence, That I may view these milk-white steeds of mine All loaden with the heads of killed men, And, from their knees even to their hoofs below, Besmear'd with blood that makes a dainty show. Ther. Then now, my lord, I humbly take my leave. Myc. Theridamas, farewell ten thousand times. [Exit THERIDAMAS. Ah, Menaphon, why stay'st thou thus behind, When other men press t forward for renown ? Go, Menaphon, go into Scythia, And foot by foot follow Theridamas. Cos. Nay, pray you,! let him stay ; a greater [task] Fits Menaphon than warring with a thief : Create him pro-rex of all Africa, That he may win the Babylonians' hearts, Which will revolt from Persian government, Unless they have a wiser king than you. Myc. Unless they have a wiser king than you ! These are his words ; Meander, set them down. Cos. And add this to them, that all Asia Lament to see the folly of their king. Myc. Well, here I swear by this my royal seat Cos. You may do well to kiss it, then. Myc. Emboss'd with silk as best beseems my state, To be reveng'd for these contemptuous words ! 0, where is duty and allegiance now ? * rout] i. e. crew. t prett] So the 8vo. The 4to " prease." t you] So the 8vo. Omitted in the 4to. f all] So the 4to. Omitted in the Svo. Fled to the Caspian or the Ocean main ? What shall I call thee ! brother ? no, a foe ; Monster of nature, shame unto thy stock, That dar'st presume thy sovereign for to mock ! Meander, come : I am abus'd, Meander. [Exeunt all except COSROE and MENAPHOW. Men. How now, my lord ! what, mated * and amaz'd To hear the king thus threaten like himself ! Cos. Ah, Menaphon, I pass not t for his threats ! The plot is laid by Persian noblemen And captains of the Median garrisons To crown me emperor of Asia : But this it is that doth excruciate The very substance of my vexed soul, To see our neighbours, that were wont to quake And tremble at the Persian monarch's name, Now sit and laugh our regiment to scorn ; And that which might resolve me into tears, Men from the farthest equinoctial line Have swarm'd in troops into the Eastern India, Lading their ships II with gold and precious stones, And made their spoils from all our provinces. Men. This should entreat your highness to rejoice, Since Fortune gives you opportunity To gain the title of a conqueror By curing of this maimed empery. Afric and Europe bordering on your land, And continent to your dominions, How easily may you, with a mighty host, Pass II into Gnecia, as did Cyrus once, And cause them to withdraw their forces home, Lest you ** subdue the pride of Christendom ! [Trumpet tcithin. Cos. But, Menaphon, what means this trumpet's sound ? Men. Behold, my lord, Ortygius and the rest Bringing the crown to make you emperor ! Re-enter ORTYGIUS and CENEUS, ft wfc/i others, bearing a crown. Orty. Msignificent and mighty prince Cosroe, We, in the name of other Persian states JJ And commons of this mighty monarchy, Present thee with th' imperial diadem. * mated] i. e. confounded, t paft not] i. e. care not. t regiment] i. e. rule, government. refolve] i.e. dissolve. So the 8vo. The 4to "di- solue." || tkips] So the 4to. The Svo " shipi>e." IT Pa.it] So the Svo. The 4to "Hast." ** you] So the Svo. The 4to " they." ft Ceneus] Here both the old eds. "Conerua." JJ states] i. e. noblemen, persons of rank. SCENE II. TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT. 9 Gen. The warlike soldiers and the gentlemen, That heretofore have fill'd Persepolis With Afric captains taken in the field, Whose ransom made them march in coats of gold, With costly jewels hanging at their ears, And shining stones upon their lofty crests, Now living idle in the walled towns, Wanting both pay and martial discipline, Begin in troops to threaten civil war, And openly exclaim against their * king : Therefore, to stay all sudden mutinies, We will invest your highness emperor ; Whereat the soldiers will conceive more joy Than did the Macedonians at the spoil Of great Darius and his wealthy host. Cos. Well, since I see the state of Persia droop And languish in my brother's government, I willingly receive th' imperial crown, And vow to wear it for my country's good, In spite of them shall malice my estate. Orty. And, in assurance of desir'd success, We here do crown thee monarch of the East Emperor of Asia and Persia ; + Great lord of Media and Armenia ; Duke of Africa and Albania, Mesopotamia and of Parthia, East India and the late-discover'd isles ; Chief lord of all the wide vast Euxine Sea, And of the ever-raging t Caspian Lake. All. Long live Cosroe, mighty emperor ! Cos. And Jove may || never let me longer live Thau I may seek to gratify your love, And cause the soldiers that thus honour me To triumph over many provinces ! By whose desires of discipline in arms I doubt not shortly but to reign sole king, And with the army of Theridamas (Whither we presently will fly, my lords,) To rest secure against my brother's force. Orty. We knew,^I my lord, before we brought the crown, Intending your investion so near The residence of your despised brother, The lords** would not be too exasperate their] So the 8vo. The 4 to "the." f and Persia] So the Svo. The 4to "and of Persi'i." % ever-raging} So the Svo. The 4to "riuer raging." ALL] So the 4to. Omitted iu the Svo. |J And Jove may, &c.] i. e. And may Jove, &c. This collocation of words is sometimes found in later writers : so in the Prologue to Fletcher's Woman's Prize, " Which this may prove !" If lcnew\ So the Svo. The 4to "knowe." ** lords] So the 4 to. The Svo "Lord." To injury* or suppress your worthy title ; Or, if they would, there are in readiness Ten thousand horse to carry you from hence, In spite of all suspected enemies. Cos. I know it well, my lord, and thank you all. Orty. Sound up the trumpets, then. [Trumpets sounded. Att.\ God save the king 1 [Exeunt. SCENE II. URLArxE leading ZENOCRATE, TECHELLES, USUH- CASANE, AoYrAS, MAGUEIES, Lords, and Soldiers loaden uith treasure. Tamb. Come, lady, let not this appal your thoughts ; The jewels and the treasure we have ta'en Shall be reserv'd, and you in better state Than if you were arriv'd in Syria, Even hi the circle of your father's arms, The mighty Soldan of JEgyptia. Zeno. Ah, shepherd, pity my distressed plight ! (If, as thou seem'st, thou art so mean a man,) And seek not to enrich thy followers By lawless "rapine from a silly maid, Who, travelling J with these Median lords To Memphis, from my uncle's country of Media, Where, all my youth, I have been governed, Have pass'd the army of the mighty Turk, Bearing his privy-signet and his hand To safe-conduct us thorough Africa. Mag. And, since we have arriv'd in Scythia, Besides rich presents from the puissant Cham, We have his highness' letters to command Aid and assistance, if we stand in need. Tamb. But now you see these letters and com- mands Are countermanded by a greater man ; And through my provinces you must expect Letters of conduct from my mightiness, If you. intend to keep your treasure safe. But, since I love to live at liberty, * injury] This verb frequently occurs in our early writers. "Then haue you iniuried mauie." Lyly's Alexander and Campaspe, sig. D 4, ed. 1591. It would seem to have fallen into disuse soon after the commence- ment of the 17th century : in He'ywood's Woman killed with kindntes, 1607, we find, "You injury that good man, and wrong me too." Sig. F 2. but in ed. 1617 "injury" is altered to " iniure." f ALL] So the 4to. Omitted iu the Svo. t Who, travelling, "thebasnestt of." SCENE IT. TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT. 29 To raze and scatter thy inglorious crew Of Scythians and slavish Persians. [Exeunt. SCENE IV. A banquet set owl; and to it come TAMBURLAINE all in tcarlet, ZKNOCRATE, THERIDAMAS, TECHELLES, USUM- CASANE, BAJAZETH drawn in his cage, ZABINA, and others. Tamb. Now hang our bloody colours by Damascus, Reflexing hues of blood upon their heads, While they walk quivering on their city-walls, Half-dead for fear before they feel my wrath. Then let us freely banquet, and carouse Full bowls of wine unto the god of war, That means to fill your helmets full of gold, And make Damascus' spoils as rich to you As was to Jason Colchos' golden fleece. And now, Bajazeth, hast thou any stomach ] Baj. Ay, such a stomach, cruel Tamburlaine, as I could willingly feed upon thy blood-raw heart. Tamb. Nay, thine own is easier to come by : pluck out that ; and 'twill serve thee and thy wife. Well, Zenocrate, Techelles, and the rest, fall to your victuals. Baj. Fall to, and never may your meat digest ! Ye Furies, that can mask * invisible, Dive to the bottom of Avernus' pool, And in your hands bring hellish poison up, And squeeze it in the cup of Tamburlaine ! Or, winged snakes of Lerna, cast your stings, And leave your venoms in this tyrant's dish 1 Zab. And may this banquet prove as ominous As Progne's to th' adulterous Thracian king That fed upon the substance of his child ! Zeno. My lord,t how can you suffer these Outrageous curses by these slaves of yours 1 Tamb. To let them see, divine Zenocrate, I glory in the curses of my foes, Having the power from the empyreal heaven To turn them all upon their proper heads. Tech. I pray you, give them leave, madam; this speech is a goodly refreshing for them.J Ther. But, if his highness would let them be fed, it would do them more good. * mask] SotheSvo. The 4to "walke." t My lord, &o. ] Something has dropt out : qy. " tamely suffer"! J a goodly refreshing for them] So the 8vo. The 4to " a good refreshing to them." Tamb. Sirrah, why fall you not to ? are you so daintily brought up, you cannot eat your own flesh? Baj. First, legions of devils shall tear thee in pieces. Usum. Villain, knowest thou to whom thou speakest ? Tamb. 0, let him alone. Here ; * eat, sir ; take it from t my sword's point, or I'll thrust it to thy heart. [BAJAZETH takes the food, and stamps upon it. Ther. He stamps it under his feet, my lord. Tamb. Take it up, villain, and eat it j or I will make thee slice J the brawns of thy arms into carbonadoes and eat them. Usum. Nay, 'twere better he killed his wife, and then she shall be sure not to be starved, and he be provided for a month's victual before- hand. Tamb. Here is my dagger : despatch her while she is fat; for, if she live but a while longer, she will fall into a consumption with fretting, and then she will not be worth the eating. Ther. Dost thou think that Mahomet will suffer this? Tech. 'Tis like he will, when he cannot letli it. Tamb. Go to ; fall to your meat. What, not a bit ! Belike he hath not been watered to-day : give him some drink. [They (jive BAJAZETH water to drink, and he flings it on the ground. Fast, and welcome, sir, while TI hunger make you eat. How now, Zenocrate ! doth not the Turk and his wife make a goodly show at a banquet ? Zeno. Yes, my lord. Ther. Methinka 'tis a great deal better than a consort ** of music. Tamb. Yet music would do well to cheer up Zenocrate. Pray thee, tell why art thou so sad? if thou wilt have a song, the Turk shall strain his voice : but why ia it? Zeno. My lord, to see my father's town besieg'd, The country wasted where myself was born, How can it but afflict my very soul ? If any love remain in you, my lord, Or if my love unto your majesty May merit favour at your highness' hands, * Here] So the 8vo. The 4to "there." t it from] So the 8vo. The 4to "it vpfrom." t slice] So the 8vo. The 4to " fleece." will fall] So the 8vo. The 4to " will not fall." || let] i. e. hinder. T while] i. e. until. ** consort] i. e. baud. 30 THE FIRST PART OF ACT IV. Then raise your siege from fair Damascus' walls, And with my father take a friendly truce. Tamb. Zenocrate, were Egypt Jove's own land, Yet would I with my sword make Jove to stoop. I will confute those blind geographers That make a triple region in the world, Excluding regions which I mean to trace, And with this pen * reduce them to a map, Calling the provinces, cities, and towns, After my name and thine, Zenocrate : Here at Damascus will I make the point That shall begin the perpendicular : And wouldst thou have me buy thy father's love With such a loss? tell me, Zenocrate. Zeno. Honour still wait on happy Tamburlaiue ! Yet give me leave to plead for him, my lord. Tamb. Content thyself: his person shall be safe, And all the friends of fair Zenocrate, If with their lives they will be pleas'd to yield, Or may be forc'd to make me emperor ; For Egypt and Arabia must be mine. Feed, you slave; thou mayst think thyself happy to be fed from my trencher. Baj. My empty stomach, full of idle heat, Draws bloody humours from my feeble parts, Preserving life by hastening + cruel death. My veins are pale ; my smews hard and dry ; My joints beuumb'd ; unless I eat, I die. Zab. Eat, Bajazeth ; let us live in spite of them, looking some happy power will pity and en- large us. Tamb. Here, Turk; wilt thou have a clean trencher ) Baj. Ay, tyrant, and more meat. Tamb. Soft, sir ! you must be dieted ; too much eating will make you surfeit. Ther. So it would, my lord, 'specially having BO small a walk and so little exercise. [A second course i brought in ofcroma. * pen] i. o. his sword. t hastening] So the 4to. The 8vo "hasting." J 'specially] Sothe 8vo. The 4to" especially." Tamb. Theridamas, Techelles, and Casaue, here are the cates you desire to finger, are they not 1 Ther. Ay, my lord : but none save kings must feed with these. Tech. 'Tis enough for us to see them, and for Tamburlaine only to enjoy them. Tamb. Well; here is now to the Soldan of Egypt, the King of Arabia, and the Governor of Damascus. Now, take these three crowns, and pledge me, my contributory kings. I crown you here, Theridamas, king of Argier ; Techelles, king of Fez ; and Usumcasane, king of Morocco *. How say you to this, Turk 1 these are not your contributory kings. Baj. Nor shall they long be thine, I warrant j them. Tamb. Kings of Argier, Morocco, and of Fez, You that have march'd with happy Tamburlaine As far as from the frozen plage t of heaven Unto the watery Morning's ruddy bower, And thence by land unto the torrid zone, Deserve these titles I endow you with By valour + and by magnanimity. Your births shall be no blemish to your fame ; For virtue is the fount whence honour springs, And they are worthy she investeth kings. Ther. And, since your highness hath so well vouchsaf'd, If wo deserve them not with higher meeds Than erst our states and actions have retain'd, Take them away again, and make us slaves. Tamb. Well said, Theridamas : when holy Fates Shall stablish me in strong JSgyptia, We mean to travel to th' antarctic pole, Conquering the people underneath our feet, And be renowm'd |) as never emperors were. Zenocrate, I will not crown thee yet, Until with greater honours I be grac'd. [Exeunt. * Morocco] Here and in the next speech the old eds. hav ^ " Morocua " and " Moroccus :" but see note J, p. 22. t plage] i. e. region. Old eds. "place." t valour] Old eds. " value." again] So the Svo. Omitted in the 4to. || renowm'd] See note H, p. 11. So the 8vo. The 4to "renowu'd." SCKXE I. TAMBUKLAINE THE GREAT. Si ACT Y. SCENE I. Enter ike GOVERNOR OF DAMASCUS* with three or four Citizens, and four Virgins with branches of laurel in their hands. Gov. Still doth this man, or rather god of war, Batter our walls and beat our turrets down ; And to resist with longer stubbornness, Or hope of rescue from the Soldan'a power, Were but to bring our wilful overthrow, And make us desperate of our threaten'd lives. We see his tents have now been altered "With terrors to the last and cruel'st hue ; His coal-black colours, every where advanc'd, Threaten our city with a general spoil ; And, if we should with common rites of arms Offer our safeties to his clemency, I fear the custom proper to his sword, Which he observes as parcel of his fame, Intending so to terrify the world, By any innovation or remorse t Will never be dispens'd with till our deaths. Therefore, for these our harmless virgins' sakcs, J Whose honours and whose lives rely on him, Let us have hope that their unspotted prayers, Their blubber'd cheeks, and hearty humble moans, Will melt his fury into some remorse, And use us like a loving conqueror.|| First Virg t If humble suits or imprecations (Utter'd with tears of wretchedness and blood Shed from the heads and hearts of all our sex, Some made your wives, and some your children,) Might have entreated your obdurate breasts To entertain some care H of our securities Whiles only danger beat upon our walls, These more than dangerous warrants of our death Had never been erected as they be, Nor you depend on such weak helps ** as we. * Damascus] Both the old eds. here "Damasco:" but in many other places they agree in reading " Damascus." t remorse'] i. e. pity. J takes] So the 8vo. The 4to. " sake." blubber'd'] That this word formerly conveyed no ludicrous idea, appears from many passages of our early writers. || And use us like a loving conqueror] " i. e. And tbat he will use us like, &c." Ed. 1826. T care] Sothe4to. TheSvo "cares." ** helps] So the 8vo. The 4to "help." Gov. Well, lovely virgins, think our country's care, Our love of honour, loath to be enthrall'd To foreign powers and rough imperious yokes, Would not with too much cowardice or * fear, Before all hope of rescue were denied, Submit yourselves and us to servitude. Therefore, in that your safeties and our own, Your honours, liberties, and lives were weigh'd In equal care and balance with our own, Endure as we the malice of our stars, The wrath of Tamburlaine and power t of wars ; Or be the means the overweighing heavens Have kept to qualify these hot extremes, And bring us pardon in your cheerful looks. Sec. Virg. Then here, before the Majesty of Heaven And holy patrons of .^Egyptia, With knees and hearts submissive we entreat Grace to our words and pity to our looks, That this device may prove propitious, And through the eyes and ears of Tamburlaine Convey events of mercy to his heart ; Grant that these signs of victory we yield May bind the temples of his conquering head, To hide the folded furrows of his brows, And shadow his displeased countenance With happy looks of ruth and lenity. Leave us, my lord, and loving countrymen : What simple virgins may persuade, we will. Gov. Farewell, sweet virgins, on whose safe return Depends our city, liberty, and lives. [Exeunt all except the Virgins. Enter TAMBTTRLAIHE, all in black and very melancholy, TECHELLES, TIIERIDAMAS, USTTMCASAHE, with jt&ers. Tamb. What, are the turtles fray'd out of their nests? Alas, poor fools, must you be first shall feel The sworn destruction of Damascus ? They knew J my custom ; could they not as well Have sent ye out when first my milk-white flags, Through which sweet Mercy threw her gentle beams, * or] So the 8vo. The 4to " for." t power] So the 8vo. The 4to "powers." J knew] So the 8vo. The 4to "know." THE FIRST PART OF ACT v. Reflexed * them on their t disdainful eyes, As J now when fury and incensed hate Flings slaughtering terror from my coal-black tents, And tells for truth submission || comes too late? First Vir. Most happy king and emperor of the earth, Image of honour and nobility, For whom the powers divine have made the world, And on whose throne the holy Graces sit ; In whose sweet person is compris'd the sum Of Nature's skill and heavenly majesty ; Pity our plights ! 0, pity poor Damascus ! Pity old age, within whose silver hairs Honour and reverence evermore have reign'd ! Pity the marriage-bed, where many a lord, In prime and glory of his loving joy, Embraceth now with tears of ruth and If blood The jealous body of his fearful wife, Whose cheeks and hearts, so punish'd with conceit,** To think thy puissant never-stayed arm Will part their bodies, and prevent their souls From heavens of comfort yet their age might bear, Now wax all pale and wither'd to the death, As well for grief our ruthless governor Hath -rt thus refus'd the mercy of thy hand, (Whose sceptre angels kiss and Furies dread,) As for their liberties, their loves, or lives ! 0, then, for these, and such as we ourselves, For us, for infants, and for all our bloods, That never nourish'd JJ thought against thy rule, I Pity, 0, pity, sacred emperor, The prostrate service of this wretched town ; And take in sign thereof this gilded wreath, Whereto each man of rule hath given his hand, And wish'd, as worthy subjects, happy means To be investers of thy royal brows Even with the true Egyptian diadem ! amb. Virgins, in vain you labour to prevent That which mine honour swears shall be per- form'd. Behold my sword ; what see you at the point ] * Sefltxid] Old eds. "Reflexing." t their] Old eds. "your." t At} So the 8vo. The 4to "And." tents] So the Svo. The 4to " tent." H submission] Old eds. "submissions." | of ruth and] So the Svo. The 4to "and ruth of." ** conceit] i, e. fancy, imagination, it Bath] So the 4to. The Svo "Haue." tt tunirisJi'd] So the Svo. The 4to " nourish." with'd] So the 8vo. The 4to " wish." First Virg. Nothing but fear and fatal steel, my lord. Tamb. Your fearful minds ar thick and misty, then, For there sits Death; there sits imperious* Death, Keeping his circuit by the slicing edge. But I am pleas'd you shall not see him there ; He now is seated on my horsemen's spears, And on their points his fleshless body feeds. Techelles, straight go charge a few of them To charge these dames, and shew my servant Death, Sitting in scarlet on their armed spears. Virgins. 0, pity us ! Tamb. Away with them, I say, and shew them Death! [The Virgins are taken out by TECHELLES and otliert. I will not spare these proud Egyptians, Nor change my martial observations For all the wealth of Gihon's golden waves, Or for the love of Venus, would she leave The angry god of arms and lie with me. They have refus'd the offer of their lives, And' know my customs are as peremptory As wrathful planets, death, or destiny. Re-enter TECHELLES. What, have your horsemen shown the virgins Death! Tech. They have, my lord, and on Damascus' walls Have hoisted up their slaughter'd carcasses. Tamb. A sight as baneful to their souls, I think, As are Thessalian drugs or mithridate : But go, my lords, put the rest to the sword. [Exeunt all except TAMBURLAINE. Ah, fair Zenocrate ! divine Zenocrate ! Fair is too foul an epithet for thee, That in thy passion f for thy country's love, And fear to see thy kingly father's harm, With hair dishevell'd wip'st thy watery cheeks ; And, like to Flora in her morning's pride, Shaking her silver tresses in the air, Rain'st on the earth resolved J pearl in showers, And sprinklest sapphires on thy shining face, Where Beauty, mother to the Muses, sits, And comments volumes with her ivory pen, Taking instructions from thy flowing eyes ; Eyes, when that Ebena steps to heaven, * imperious] So the Svo. The4to " iinprecious." t passion] i. e. sorrow. J resolved] i. e. dissolved. Eyes, when that Ebena steps to heaven, &c.] Either the transcriber or the printer has made sad work with this passage ; nor am I able to suggest any probable emen- dation. SCENE II. TAMBUKLA1NE THE GREAT. 33 In silence of thy solemn evening's walk, Making the mantle of the richest night, The moon, the planets, and the meteors, light ; There angels in their crystal armours fight * A doubtful battle with my tempted thoughts For Egypt's freedom and the Soldan's life, His life that so consumes Zenocrate; Whose sorrows lay more siege unto my soul Than all my army to Damascus' walls ; And neither Persia's t sovereign nor the Turk Troubled my senses with conceit of foil So much by much as doth Zenocrate. What is beauty, saith my sufferings, then ? If all the pens that ever poets held Had fed the feeling of their masters' thoughts, And every sweetness that inspir'd their hearts, Their minds, and muses on admired themes; If all the heavenly quintessence they still From their immortal flowers of poesy, Wherein, as in a mirror, we perceive The highest reaches of a human wit; If these had made one poem's period, And all combin'd in beauty's worthiness, Yet should there hover in their restless heads One thought, one grace, one wonder, at the least, Which into words no virtue can digest. But how unseemly is it for my sex, My discipline of arms and chivalry, My nature, and the terror of my name, To harbour thoughts effeminate and faint ! Save only that in beauty's just applause, With whose instinct the soul of man is touch'd ; And every warrior that is rapt with love Of fame, of valour, and of victory, Must needs Have beauty beat on his conceits : I thus conceiving, and subduing both, * fight] So the 8vo. The 4to " fights." t Persia'*] Old eds. "Perseans," and "Persians." J stilt] i. e. distil. I thus conceiving, and subduing both, Tliat which hath itoop'd the thitfest of the gods, Even from the fiery-spangled veil of heaven. To fed the lovely warmth of shepherds' flames, And mask in cottages of strowid reeds, &c.] i. . I thus feeling, and also subduing, the power of Beauty, which has drawn down the chiefest of the gods even from, &.c. The 8vo has, " / thus conceiuing and subduing both . That which hath stopt the tempest of the Gods, Euenfrom the fiery spangled vaileof heauen, Tofeelt the lonely warmth of shepheards flames, And martch in cottages of strowed weeds," &c. The 4 to has, " / thus eoncieuing and subduing both, That which hath stopt the tempest of the Gods, Euen from tht spangled firie vaile of heauen, That which hath stoop'd the chiefest of the gods, Even from the fiery -spangled veil of heaven, To feel the lovely warmth of shepherds' flames, And mask in cottages of strowed reeds, Shall give the world to note, for all my birth, That virtue solely is the sum of glory, And fashions men with true nobility. Who 's within there ? Enter Attendants. Hath Bajazeth been fed to-day ? Attend* Ay, my lord. Tamb. Bring him forth ; and let us know if the town be ransacked. [Exeunt Attendants. Enter TEOHELLES, THERIDAMAS, USUMCASANE, and others. Tech. The town is ours, my lord, and fresh supply Of conquest and of spoil is offer'd us. Tamb. That 's well, Techelles. What 's the news ? Tech. The Soldan and the Arabian king to- gether March on us with t such eager violence As if there were no way but one with us. Tamb. No more there is not, I warrant thee, Techelles. Attendants bring in BAJAZETH in his cage, followed by ZABINA. Exeunt Attendants. Ther. We know the victory is ours, my lord ; To feele the louely warmth of Shepheardes flames, And march in coatches of strowed weedes," &c. The alterations which I have made in this corrupted passage are supported by the following lines of the play ; " See now, ye slaves, my children stoop your pride [i. e. make your pride to stoop], And lead your bodies sheep-Hke to the sword." Part Second, act iv. sc. 1. " Tht chiefest god, first mover of that sphere ", &c. Part First, act iv. sc. 2. " Jove sometime maiked in a shepherd's weed", &c. Part First, act i. sc. 2. Perhaps in the third line of the present passage "fiery- tpangled" should be " fire-yspangled." Attend.'] Old eds. " An. "(a misprint probablyX which the modern editors understand as " Anippe" (the wait- ing-maid of Zenocrate). t March on us with] So the 4to. The 8vo " Martcht on with vs with." I As if there were no way but one with us] I. e. as if we were to lose our lives. This phrase, which is common in our early writers, was not obsolete in Dryden's time : " for, if he heard the malicious trumpeter proclaiming his name before his betters, he knew there was but one way with him." Preface to All for Love. 34 THE FIRST PART OF ACT V. But let us save the reverend Soldan's life For f-.ir Zenocrate that so laments his state. Tamb. That will we chiefly see unto, Theri- damas, For sweet Zenocrate, whose worthiness Deserves a conquest over every heart. And now, my footstool, if I lose the field, You hope of liberty and restitution 1 Here let him stay, my masters, from the tents^ Till we have made us ready for the field. Pray for us, Bajazeth ; we are going. [Exeunt all except BAJAZETH and ZABINA. J5aj. Go, never to return with victory ! Millions of men encompass thee about, And gore thy body with as many wounds ! Sharp forked arrows light upon thy horse ! Furies from the black Cocytus' lake, Break up the earth, and with their fire-brands Enforce thee run upon the baneful pikes ! Vollies of shot pierce through thy charmed skin, And every bullet dipt in poison'd drugs ! Or roaring cannons sever all thy joints, Making thee mount as high as eagles soar ! Zdb. Let all the swords and lances in the field Stick in his breast as in their proper rooms ! At every pore * let blood come dropping forth, That lingering pains may massacre his heart, And madness send his damned EOU! to hell ! Baj. Ah, fair Zabina ! we may curse his power, The heavens may frown, the earth for auger quake ; But such a star hath influence int his sword As rules the skies and countermands the gods More than Cimmerian Styx or Destiny : And then shall we in this detested guise, With shame, with hunger, and with horror stay,J Griping our bowels with retorqued thoughts, And have no hope to end our ecstasies. Zab. Then is there left no Mahomet, no God, No fiend, no fortune, nor no hope of end To our infamous, monstrous slaveries. Gape, earth, and let the fiends infernal view A || hell as hopeless and as full of fear As are the blasted banks of Erebus, Where shaking ghosts with ever-howling groans Hover about the ugly ferryman, pore] So the Svo. The 4to " dore." t in] i. e. on. t stay] Oldeds. "aie"and "aye." rctorqutd] i. e. bent back in reflections on onr former happiness. So the Svo. The 4to " retortued." IM] Oldeds. "As." To get a passage to Elysium ! * [slaves ! Why should we live? 0, wretches, beggars, Why live we, Bajazeth, and build up nests So high within the region of the air, By living long in this oppression, That all the world will see and laugh to scorn The former triumphs of our mightiness In this obscure infernal servitude ? Baj. life, more loathsome to my vexed thoughts t Than noisome parbreak J of the Stygian snakes, Which fills the nooks of hell with standing air, Infecting all the ghosts with cureless griefs ! dreary engines of my loathed sight, That see my crown, my honour, and my name Thrust under yoke and thraldom of a thief, Why feed ye still on day's accursed beams, And sink not quite into my tortur'd soul 1 You see my wife, my queen, and emperess, Brought up and propped by the hand of Fame, Queen of fifteen contributory queens, Now thrown to rooms of black abjection, Smeared with blots of basest drudgery, And villainessll to shame, disdain, and misery. Accursed Bajazeth, whose words of ruth,H That would with pity cheer Zabiua's heart, And make our souls resolve** in ceaseless tears, Sharp hunger bites upon and gripes the root From whence the issues of my thoughts do break ! poor Zabina ! my queen, my queen ! Fetch me some water for my burning breast, To cool and comfort me with longer date, That, in the shorten'd sequel of my life, 1 may pour forth my soul into thine arms With words of love, whose moaning intercourse Hath hitherto been stay'd with wrath and hate Of our expressless banu'dft inflictions. Zab. Sweet Bajazeth, I will prolong thy life As long as any blood or spark of breath Can quench or cool the torments of my grief. [Exit. Baj. Now, Bajazeth, abridge thy^baneful days, And beat theJJ brains out of thy conquer'd head, Since other means are all forbidden me, That may be ministers of my decay. * Elytium] Old eds. " Elisian." t thoughts] So the Svo. The 4to " thought." t parbreak] i. e. vomit. Objection] Oldeds. "objection." || villainess] i. e. servant, slave, T ruth] So the 8vo. The 4to "truth." retolve] i. e. dissolve. ft bann'd] i. e. cursed. U the] So the 4to. The Svo "thy." SCESE II. TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT. 35 highest lamp of ever-living* Jove, Accursed day, infected with my griefs, Hide now thy stained face in endless night, And shut the windows of the lightsome heavens ! Let ugly Darkness with her rusty coach, Engirt with tempests, wrapt in pitchy clouds. Smother the earth with never-fkdiiig mists, And let her horses from their nostrils breathe Rebellious winds and dreadful thunder-claps, That in this terror Tamburlaine may live, And my pin'd soul, resolv'd in liquid air, May still excruciate his tormented thought^ ! Then let the stony dart of senseless cold Pierce through the centre of my wither'd heart, And make a passage for my loathed life ! [He brains himself against the cage. Re-enter ZABINA. Zo2). What do mine eyes behold! my husband dead ! His skull all riven in twain ! his brains dash'd out, The brains of Bnjazeth, my lord and sovereign ! Bajazeth, my husband and my lord ! Bajazeth ! Turk ! emperor ! Give him his liquor 1 ? not I. Bring milk and fire, and my blood I bring him again. Tear me in pieces give t me the sword with a ball of wild-fire upon it. Down with him ! down with him ! Go to my child ; away, away, away ! ah, save that infant ! save him, save him ! I, even I, speak to lier.J The sun was down streamers white, red, black Here, here, here ! Fling the meat in his face Tamburlaine, Tamburlaine ! Let the soldiers be buried. Hell, death, Tamburlaifle, hell ! Make ready my coach, || my chair, my jewels. I come, I come, I come ! ^f [Site runs against the cage, and brains, herself. Enter ZENOCRATE with ANIPPE. Zeno. Wretched Zenocrate ! that liv'st to see Damascus' walls dy'd with Egyptians' ** blood, * ever-living] So the 8vo. The 4to. " euerlasting." t give] So the 4to. The Svo " and giue." I her] Must mean Zeuocrate, whom Zabina fancies her- self to be addressing. Let the soldiers be buried. Hell, death, Tamburlaine] So the Svo. Omitted in the 4to. (Where the modern editors got their reading, "Let the soldiers be cursed," I know not.) . || Moke ready my coach'] Shakespeare seems to have re- membered this passage when he made Ophelia say, " Come, my coach," &c. Hamlet, act iv. sc. 5. IT I come, I come, I come} So the Svo. The 4to " / come, 1 come." ** Egyptians'] So the 4to. The Svo " Egiptiau.' Thy father's subjects and thy countrymen ; The* streets strow'd with dissever'd joints of men, And wounded bodies gasping yet for life; But most accurs'd, to see the sun-bright troop Of heavenly virgins and unspotted maids . (Whose looks might make the angry god of arms To break his sword and mildly treat of love) On horsemen's lances to be hoisted up, And guiltlessly endure a cruel death ; For every fell and stout Tartarian steed, That stamp'd on others with their thundering hoofs, [spears, When all their riders charg'd their quivering Began to check the ground and rein themselves, Gazing upon the beauty of their looks. Ah, Tamburlaine, wert thou the cause of this, That term'st Zenocrate thy dearest love 1 ? Whose lives were dearer to Zenocrate Than her own life, or aught save thine own love. But see, another bloody spectacle ! Ah, wretched eyes, the enemies of my heart, How are ye glutted with these grievous objects, And tell my soul more tales of bleeding ruth ! See, see, Anippe, if they breathe or no. Anip. No breath, nor sense, nor motion, in them both : Ah, madam, this their slavery hath euforc'd, And ruthless cruelty of Tamburlaine ! Zeno. Earth, cast up fountains from thyt entrails, And wet thy cheeks for their untimely deaths ; Shake with their weight in sign of fear and grief! Blush, heaven, that gave them honour at their birth, And let them die a death so barbarous ! Those that are proud of fickle empery And place their chiefest good in earthly pomp, Behold the Turk and his great emperess ! Ah, Tamburlaine my love, sweet Tamburlaine, That fight'st for sceptres and for slippery crowns, Behold the Turk and his great emperess ! Thou that, in conduct of thy happy stars, Sleep'st every night with conquest on thy brows, And yet wouldst shun the wavering turns of war,J In fear and feeling of the like distress Behold the Turk and his gi-eat emperess ! Ah, mighty Jove and holy Mahomet, Pardon my love ! 0, pardon his contempt Of earthly fortune and respect of pity; And let not conquest, ruthlessly pursu'd, The] Old eds. "Thy." t thy] So the 8vo. The 4to " thine." J war] So the Svo. The 4to "warrefl." DJ 36 THE FIRST PART OF ACT V. Be equally against his life incens'd In this great Turk and hapless emperess ! And pardon me that was not mov'd with ruth To see them live so long in misery ! Ah, what may chance to thee, Zenocrate ? Anip. Madam, content yourself, and be re- solv'd Your love hath Fortune so at his command, That she shall stay, and turn her wheel no more, As long as life maintains his mighty arm That fights for honour to adorn your head. Zeno. What other heavy news now brings Philemus ? Phil. Madam, your father, and the Arabian king, The first affecter of your excellence, Come * now, as Turnus 'gainst ^Eneas did, Armed t with lance into the ^Egyptian fields, Ready for battle 'gainst my lord the king. Zeno. Now shame and duty, love and fear present A thousand sorrows to my martyr'd soul. Whom should I wish the fatal victory, When my poor pleasures are divided thus, And rack'd by duty from my cursed heart ? My father and my first-betrothed love Must fight against my life and present love ; Wherein the change I use condemns my faith, And makes my deeds infamous through the world : But, as the gods, to end the Trojans' toil, Prevented Turnus of Lavinia, And fatally enrich'd Eneas' love, So, for a final* issue to my griefs, To pacify my country and my love, Must Tamburlaine by their resistless powers, With virtue of a gentle victory, Conclude a league of honour to my hope ; Then, as the powers divine have pre-ordain'd, With happy safety of my father's life Send like defence of fair Arabia. [They sound to the battle within; and TAMBURLAINE enjoys the victory : after which, the Kwo or ARABIA enters wounded. K. of Ar. What cursed power guides the mur- dering hands Of this infamous tyrant's soldiers, That no escape may save their enemies, * Cone] Oldeds. "Comes "and "Comep." t Armed] So the 8vo. The 4to " Armes." J final} So the 4to. The 8vo "small." King of Arabia\ i. e. Alcidamus ; see p. 10, L 9, sec. col. Nor fortune keep themselves from victory ] Lie down, Arabia, wounded to the death, And let Zenocrate's fair eyes behold, That, as for her thou bear'st these wretched arms, Even so for her thou diest in these arms, Leaving thy * blood for witness of thy love. Zeno. Too dear a witness for such love, my lord ! Behold Zenocrate, the cursed object Whose fortunes never mastered her griefs ; Behold her wounded in conceit t for thee, As much as thy fair body is for me ! K. of Ar. Then shall I die with full contented heart, Having beheld divine Zenocrate, Whose sight with joy would take away my life As now it bringeth sweetness to my wound, If I had not been wounded as I am. Ah, that the deadly panga I suffer now Would lend an hour's licence to my tongue, To make discourse of some sweet accidents Have chanc'd thy merits in this worthless bond- age, And that I might be privy to the state Of thy deserv'd contentment and thy love ! But, making now a virtue of thy sight, To drive all sorrow from my fainting soul, Since death denies me further cause of joy, Depriv'd of care, my heart with comfort dies, Since thy desired hand shall close mine eyes. [Diet. Re-enter TAJIBURLAINE, leading the SOLDAN ; TECHELLES, THERJDAMAS, USUMCASANE, with others. Tamb. Come, happy father of Zenocrate, A title higher than thy Soldan's name. Though my right hand havej thus enthralled thee, Thy princely daughter here shall set thee free ; She that hath calm'd the fury of my sword, Which had ere this been bath'd in streams of blood As vast and deep as Euphrates or Nile. Zeno. sight thrice- welcome to my joyful soul, To see the king, my father, issue safe From dangerous battle of my conquering lore ! Sold. Well met, my only dear Zenocrate, Though with the loss of Egypt and my crown ! * thy] So the 4to. The Svo "my." t conceit] i. e. fancy, imagination. J have] So the Svo. The 4to "hath." Euphrates] So our old poets invariably, I believe, ao- centuate this word. SCENE II. TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT. Tamb. 'Twas I, my lord, that gat the victory; And therefore grieve not at your overthrow, Since I shall render all into your hands, And add more strength to your dominions Than ever yet confirmed th' Egyptian crown. The god of war resigns his room to me, Meaning to make me general of the world : Jove, viewing me in arms, looks pale and wan, Fearing my power should* pull him from his throne : Where'er I come the Fatal Sisters sweat,t And grisly Death, by running to and fro, To do their ceaseless homage to my sword : And here in Afric, where it seldom rains, Since I arriv'd with my triumphant host, Have swelling clouds, drawn from wide-gaping wounds, Been oft resolv'd in bloody purple showers, A meteor that might terrify the earth, And make it quake at every drop it drinks : Millions || of souls sit on the banks of Styx, Waiting the back-return of Charon's boat ; Hell and Elysium II swarm with ghosts of men That I have sent from sundry foughten fields To spread my fame through hell and up to heaven : And see, my lord, a sight of strange import, Emperors and kings lie breathless at my feet ; The Turk and his great empress, as it seems, Left to themselves while we were at the fight, Have desperately despatch'd their slavish lives : With them Arabia, too, hath left his life : All sights of power to grace my victory ; And such are objects fit for Tamburlaine, Wherein, as in a mirror, may be seen His honour, that consists in shedding blood When men presume to manage arms with him. Sold. Mighty hath God and Mahomet made thy hand, Renowmed** Tamburlaine, to whom all kings Of'force must yield their crowns and emperies ; And I am pleas'd with this my overthrow, If, as beseems a person of thy state, Thou hast with honour us'd Zeiiocrate. * ihould} So the Svo. The4to "shall." t imat] So the Svo. The 4to "sweare." } vide-gaping] Old eds. "w ide gasping." resolv'd] i.e. dissolved. || Million*] So the Svo. The 4to "Million." t Elysiwn\ Old eds. " ElUian." Renowmhl] See note ||, p. 11. So the Svo. The 4to ' Renowned." Tamb. Her state and person want no pomp, you see; And for all blot of foul inchastity, I record * heaven, her heavenly self is clear : Then let me find no further time + to grace Her princely temples with the Persian crown ; But here these kings that on. my fortunes wait, And have been crown'd for proved worthiness Even by this hand that shall establish them, Shall now, adjoining all their hands with mine, Invest her here the J Queen of Persia. What saith the noble Soldan, and Zenocrate? Sold. I yield with thanks and protestations Of endless honour to thee for her love. Tamb. Then doubt I not but fair Zenocrate Will soon consent to satisfy us both. Zeno. Else H should I much forget myself, my lord. Ther. Then let us set the crown upon her head, That long hath linger'd for so high a seat Tech. My hand is ready to perform the deed ; For now her marriage-time shall work us rest. Usum. And here's the crown, my lord; help set it on.*!! Tamb. Then sit thou down, divine Zenocrate ; And here we crown thee Queen of Persia, And all the kingdoms and dominions That late the power of Tamburlaine subdu'd. As Juno, when the giants were suppress'd, That darted mountains at her brother Jove, So looks my love, shadowing in her brows Triumphs and trophies for my victories ; Or as Latona's daughter, bent to arms, Adding more courage to my conquering mind. To gratify the[e], sweet Zenocrate, Egyptians, Moors, and men of Asia, From Barbary unto the Western India, Shall pay a yearly tribute to thy sire ; And from the bounds of Afric to the banks Of Ganges shall his mighty arm extend. And now, my lords and loving followers, That purchas'd kingdoms by your martial deeds, Cast off your armour, put on scarlet robes, * record] L e. take to witness. t no further time\ i. e. no more distant time. J the] So the 8vo. The 4to " my." i / not] So the Svo. The 4to " net 1." || Else] So the 4to. The Svo "Then." H on} So the 4to. Omitted in the Svo. 38 TAMBUKLAINE THE GREAT. ACT V. Mount up your royal places of estate, Environed with troops of noblemen, And there make laws to rule your provinces : Hang up your weapons on Alcides* postfs] ; For Tamburlaine takes truce with all the world. Thy first-betrothed love, Arabia, Shall we with honour, as beseems,* entomb With this great Turk and his fair emperess. at betems] So tho 4to. The Svo " as best beseenus." Then, after all these solemn exequies, We will our rites * of marriage solemnize. [Exeunt. * We will our ritet, &c.] Old eds. " We will our cele- brated rites," &c. "The word 'celebrated ' occurs in both the old editions, but may well be dispensed with as re- gards both the sense and measure." Ed. 1826. " I think this word got into the text from either the author or printer, who was perhaps the editor, doubting whether to use 'solemnize' or 'celebrate;' and it slipt from the margin, where it was probably placed, into the verse itself." /. M. in Gent. Mag. for Jan. 1841. THE SECOND PART OF TAMBURLAINE THE GRE4T. ITit Second Fart of Taniburlaine the Great. Concerning the old eds., sec the prefatory matter to Tht Ftret Part. THE PROLOGUE. THE general welcomes Tamburlaine receiv'd, When he arrived last upon the* stage, Have made our poet pen his Second Part, \Vhere Death cuts off the progress of his pomp, And murderous Fates throw all his triumphs t down. But what became of fair Zenocrate, And with how many cities' sacrifice He celebrated her sad J funeral, Himself in presence shall unfold at large. the] So the 4to. The Svo " our." f triumpte] So the Svo. The 4to " triumph," t tad] Old eds. " said." DRAMATIS PEBSOKE. TAMBURLAINE, king of Persia. CALYPHAS, \ AMYRAS, I his sons. CELEBINUS, J THERIDAMAS, king of Argier. TECHELLES, king of Fez. USUMCASANE, king of Morocco. ORCANES, king of Natolia. , KINO op TREBIZON. KINO OF SORIA. KINO OF JERUSALEM. KINO OF AMASIA. GAZELLUS, viceroy of Byron. URIBASSA. SKJISMUND, King of Hungary. FRKDERICK, \ BALDWIN, ) "M'd* of Buda and Bohemia. CALLAPINE, son to BAJAZETH, and prisoner to TAMBURLAIKE. ALMEDA, his keej>cr. GOVERNOR OF BABYLON. CAPTAIN OF BALSERA. His SON. ANOTHER CAPTAIN. MAXIMUS, PERDICAS, Physicians, Lords, Citizens, Messengers, Soldiers, and Attendants. ZENOCRATE, wife to TAMBURLAINE. OLYMPIA, wife to the CAPTAIN OF BALSERA. Turkish Concubines. THE SECOND PAET OF ACT I. SCENE I. Enter ORCANES king of Natolia, GAZELLUS viceroy of Byron, URIBASSA*, and tltar train, with drums and trumpets. Ore. Egregious viceroys of these eastern parts, Plac'd by the issue of great Bajazeth, And sacred lord, the mighty Callapine, Who lives in Egypt prisoner to that slave Which kept his father in an iron cage, Now have we march'd from fair Natolia Two hundred leagues, and on Danubius' banks Our warlike host, in complete armour, rest, Where Sigismund, the king of Hungary, Should meet our person to conclude a truce : What ! shall we parle with the Christian ? Or cross the stream, and meet him in the fielc' Gaz. King of Natolia, let us treat of peace : We all are glutted with the Christians' blood, And have a greater foe to fight against, Proud Tamburlaine, that now in Asia, Near Guyron'shead, doth set his conquering feet, And means to fire Turkey as he goes : 'Gainst him, my lord, you must address your power. Uri. Besides, King Sigismund hath brought from Christendom More than his camp of stout Hungarians, Sclavonians, Almains, Rutters,t Muffs, and Danes, That with the halberd, lance, and murdering axe, Will hazard that we might with surety hold. * Uribassa] In this scene, but only here, the old eds. have "Upibassa." f Alnai-iu, Rutters] Ruilers are properly German troopers (niter, reuttr). In the third speech after the present oue this line is repeated verbatim : but ill the first scene of our author's Fauslus we have, "Like Almain rutteri with their horsemen's staves." Ore* Though from the shortest northern parallel, Vast Grantland, compass'd with the Frozen Sea, (Inhabited with tall and sturdy men, Giants as big as hugy "j* Polypheme,) Millions of soldiers cut the + arctic line, Bringing the strength of Europe to these arms, Our Turkey blades shall glide through all their throats, And make this champion mead a bloody fen : Danubius' stream, that runs to Trebizon, Shall carry, wrapt within his scarlet waves, As martial presents to our friends at home, The slaughter'd bodies of these Christians : The Terrene || main, wherein Danubius falls, Shall by this battle be the bloody sea : The wandering sailors of proud Italy Shall meet those Christians, fleeting with the tide, Beating in heaps against their argosies, And make fair Europe, mounted on her bull, Trapp'd with the wealth and riches of the world. Alight, and wear a woful mourning weed. Gaz. Yet, stout Orcanes, pro-rex of the world, Since Tamburlaiue hath muster'd all his men, Marching from Cairo If northward, with his camp, To Alexandria and the frontier towns, Meaning to make a conquest of our land, * Ore.} Omitted in the old eds. f hugy] i. e. huge. J cut the] So tho Svo. The4to "out of." champion] i. e. champaign. 11 Terrene} i. e. Mediterranean (but the Danube falls in to the Black Sea.) U Cairo} Old eds. " Cairon : " but they are not con- sistent in the spelling of this name ; afterwards (p. 45, sec. col.) they have "Carlo." 44 THE SECOND PART OF ACT T. 'Tis requisite to parle for a peace With Sigismund, the king of Hungary, And save our forces for the hot assaults Proud Tamburlaine intends Natolia. Ore. Viceroy of Byron, wisely hast thou said. My realm, the centre of our empery. Once lost, all Turkey would be overthrown ; And for that cause the Christians shall have peace. Sclavonians, Almains, Rutters, Muffs, and Danes, Fear * not Orcanes, but great Tamburlaiue ; Nor he, but Fortune that hath made him great We have revolted Grecians, Albanese, Sicilians, Jews, Arabians, Turks, and Moors, Natolians, Sorians,t black J Egyptians, Illyrians, Thracians, and Bithynians, Enough to swallow forceless Sigismund, Yet scarce enough t' encounter Tamburlaine. He brings a world of people to the field, From Scythia to the oriental plage || Of India, where raging Lantchidol Beats ou the regions with his boisterous blows, That never seaman yet discovered. All Asia is in arms with Tamburlaiue, Even from the midst of fiery Cancer's tropic To Amazonia under Capricorn ; And thence, as far as Archipelago, All Afric is in arms with Tamburlaine : Therefore, viceroy, U the Christians must have peace. Ftar] i. e. frighten. t Sorians] Sothe4to. Here the 8vo has "Syrians"; hut elsewhere in this See. Part of the play it agrees with the 4to in having "Sonant," and "Soria " (which occurs repeatedly, the King of Soria being one of the charac- ters). Compare Jonson's Fox, act iv. sc. 1 ; " whether a ship, Newly arriv'd from Soria, or from Any suspected part of all the Levant, Bo guilty of the plague," &c. on which passage Whalley remarks ; " The city Tyre, from whence the whole country had its name, was anciently called Zur or Zor ; since the Arabs erected their empire in the East, it has been again called Sor, and is at this day known by no other name in those parts. Hence the Italians formed their Soria." I black] So the 8vo. The 4to "and black." I Egyptian*, lUyriam, Thraciant, and Bithyniant] So the 8vo (except that by a misprint it gives " Illiciaus " ). The 4to has, " Egyptian*, Fred. And we from Europe to the same intent Illiriant, Thraciant, and Bithyniant " ; a line which belongs to a later part of the scene (see next col.) being unaccountably inserted here. II plagt\ i. e. region. So the 8vo. The 4to "Place." ^ viceroy] So the 8vo. The 4to " Vice-royes." Enter SIGISMUND, FREDKIUOK, BALDWIN, and their train, vrifh drum! oml trumpet!. Rig. Orcanes, (as our legates promis'd thoe,) We, with our peers, have cross'd Danubius' stream, To treat of friendly peace or deadly war. Take which thou wilt ; for, as the Romans us'd, I here present thee with a naked sword : Wilt thou have war, then shake this blade at me ; If peace, restore it to my hands again, And I will sheathe it, to confirm the same. Ore. Stay, Sigismund : forgett'st thou I am he That with the cannon shook Vienna-walls, And made it dance upon the continent, As when the massy substance of the earth Quiver[s] about the axle-tree of heaven ? Forgett'st thou that I sent a shower of darts, Mingled with powder'd shot and feather'd steel, So thick upon the blink-ey'd burghers' heads, That thou thyself, then County Palatine, The King of Boheme,* and the Austric Duke, Sent heralds out, which basely on their knees, In all your names, desir'd a truce of me? Forgett'st thou that, to have me raise my siege, Waggons of gold were set before my tent, Stampt with the princely fowl that in her wings Carries the fearful thunderbolts of Jove ? How canst thou think of this, and offer war] Sig. Vienna was besieg'd, and I was there, Then County Palatine, but now a king, And what we did was in extremity But now, Orcanes, view my royal host, That hides these plains, and seems as vast and wide As doth the desert of Arabia To those that stand on Bagdet's t lofty tower, Or as the ocean to the traveller That rests upon the snowy Appenines ; And tell me whether I should stoop so low, Or treat of peace with the Natolian king. Qaz. Kings of Natolia and of Hungary, We came from Turkey to confirm a league, And not to dare each other to the field. A friendly parle might become you both. Fred. And we from Europe, to the same intent ; Which if your general refuse or scorn, * Boheme] i. e. Bohemia. t Bagdft's] So tho 8vo in act v. sc. 1. Here it has "Badgeths " : the 4to " Baieths." t parti] So the 8vo. Here the 4to "parley," but be- fore, repeatedly, "parle." Fred. And we from Europe, to the tame intent] So tho Svo. The 4to, which gives this line in an earlier part of the scene (see note f , preceding col.), omits it here. SCENE IT. TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT. 45 Our tents are pitch'd, our men stand * in array, Ready to charge you ere you stir your feet. Ore. So prest { are we : but yet, if Sigismund Speak as a friend, and stand not upon terras, Here is his sword ; let peace be ratified On these conditions specified before, Drawn with advice of our ambassadors. Sig. Then here I sheathe it, and give thee my hand, Never to draw it out, or t manage arms Against thyself or thy confederates, But, whilst I live, will be at truce with thee. Ore. But, Sigismund, confirm it with an oath, And swear in sight of heaven and by thy Christ. Sig. By Him that made the world and sav'd my soul, The Son of God and issue of a maid, Sweet Jesus Christ, I solemnly protest And vow to keep this peace inviolable ! Ore. By sacred Mahomet, the friend of God, Whose holy Alcoran remains with us, Whose glorious body, when he left the world, Clos'd in a coffin mounted up the air, And hung on stately Mecca's temple-roof, I swear to keep this truce inviolable ! Of whose conditions and our solemn oaths, Sign'd with our hands, each shall retain a scroll, As memorable witness of our league. Now, Sigismund, if any Christian king Encroach upon the confines of thy realm, Send word, Orcanes of Natolia Confirm'd || this league beyond Danubius' stream, And they will, trembling, sound a quick retreat ; So am I fear'd among all nations. Sig. If any heathen potentate or king Invade Natolia, Sigismund will send A hundred thousand horse train'd to the war, And back'd by Tf stout lanciers of Germany, The strength and sinews of the imperial seat. Ore. I thank thee, Sigismund ; but, when I war, All Asia Minor, Africa, and Greece, Follow my standard and my thundering drums. Come, let us go and banquet in our tents : I will despatch chief of my army hence To fair Natolia and to Trebizon, To stay my coming 'gainst proud Tamburlaine : Friend Sigismund, and peers of Hungary, * ttand] So theSvo. The 4to "are." t prest] i. e. ready. { or] So the Svo. The 4to "and." condition!] So the 4to. The Svo "condition." li Confirm'd] So the 4to. The Svo "Confirme." I by] So the Svo. The 4to " with." Come, banquet and carouse with us a while, And then depart we to our territories. [Exeunt. SCENE II. Enter CALLAPINE, and ALMEDA Jiis keeper. Call. Sweet Almeda, pity the ruthful plight Of Callapine, the son of Bajazeth, Born to be monarch of the western world, Yet here detain'd by cruel Tamburlaine. Aim. My lord, I pity it, and with my heart Wish your release ; but he whose wrath is death, My sovereign lord, renowmed* Tamburlaine, Forbids you further liberty than this. Call. Ah, were I now but half so eloquent To paint in words what I '11 perform in deeds, I know thou wouldst depart from hence with me ! A Im. Not for all Afric : therefore move me not. Call. Yet hear me speak, my gentle Almeda. Aim. No speech to that end, by your favour, sir. Call. By Cairo t runs Aim. No talk of running, I tell you, sir. Call. A little further, gentle Almeda. Aim. Well, sir, what of this? Call. By Cairo runs to Alexandria-bay Darotes' stream J, wherein at anchor lies A Turkish galley of my royal fleet, Waiting my coming to the river-side, Hoping by some means I shall be releas'd ; Which, when I come aboard, will hoist up sail, And soon put forth into the Terrene || sea, Where, H 'twixt the isles of Cyprus and of Crete, We quickly may in Turkish seas arrive. Then shalt thou see a hundred kings and more, Upon their knees, all bid me welcome home. Amongst so many crowns of burnish'd gold, Choose which thou wilt, all are at thy command : A thousand galleys, mann'd with Christian slaves, I freely give thee, which shall cut the Straits, And bring arrnadoes, from ** the coasts of Spain, * renowmed] See note ||, p. 11. (Here the old eds. agree.) t Cairo] Old eds. " Cario." See note H, p. 43. J stream] Old eds. "streames." | at] So the 4to. TheSvo "an." || Terrene] i. e. Mediterranean. ^T Where] Altered by the modern editors to " Whence," au alteration made by one of them also in a speech at p. 48, sec. col., which may be compared with the present one, " Therefore I took my course to Manico, Where, unresisted, I remov'd my camp ; And, by the coast," &c. from] So the 4to. The Svo " to." 40 THE SECOND PART OF ACT I. Fraughted with gold of rich America : The Grecian virgins shall attend on thee, Skilful in music and in amorous lays, As fair as was Pygmalion's ivory gir 1 Or lovely 16 metamorphosed : With naked negroes shall thy coach be drawn, And, as thou rid'st in triumph through the streets, The pavement underneath thy chariot-wheels With Turkey-carpets shall be covered, And cloth of arras hung about the walls, Fit objects for thy princely eye to pierce : A hundred bassoes, cloth'd in crimson silk, Shall ride before thee on Barbarian steeds ; And, when thou goest, a golden canopy Euchas'd with precious stones, which shine as bright As that fair veil that covers all the world, When Phoebus, leaping from his hemisphere, Descendeth downward to th' Antipodes : And more than this, for all I cannot tell. A Int. How far hence lies the galley, say you ? Call. Sweet Almeda, scarce half a league from hence. Aim. But need * we not be spied going aboard ? Call. Betwixt the hollow hanging of a hill, And crooked bending of a craggy rock, The sails wrapt up, the mast and tackliogs down, She lies so close that none can find her out. Aim. I like that well : but, tell me, my lord, if I should let you go, would you be as good as your word? shall I be made a king for my labour ? Call. As I am Callapine the emperor, And by the hand of Mahomet I swear, Thou shalt be crown 'd a king, and be my mate ! Aim. Then here I swear, as I am Almeda, Your keeper under Tamburlaine the Great, (For that 's the style and title I have yet,) Although he sent a thousand armed men To intercept this haughty enterprize, Yet would I venture to conduct your grace, And die before I brought you back again ! Call. Thanks, gentle Almeda: then let us haste, Lest time be past, and lingering letf us both. Aim. When you will, my lord : I am ready. Call. Even straight : and farewell, cursed Tamburlaine ! Now go I to revenge my father's death. [Sxeuttf. * need} i. e. must t Iff] i. e. hinder. SCENE III. Enter TAMBURI.AINE, ZENOCRATE, and thrir three long, CALYPHAS, AMYRAS, and CELEBINUS, with drums and trumpets. Tamb. Now, bright Zenocrate, the world's fair eye, Whose beams illuminate the lamps of heaven, Whose cheerful looks do clear the cloudy air, And clothe it in a crystal livery, Now rest thee here on fair Larissa-plains, Where Egypt and the Turkish empire part Between thy sons, that shall be emperors, And every one commander of a world. Zeno. Sweet Tamburlaine, when wilt thou leave these arms, And save thy sacred person free from scathe, And dangerous chances of the wrathful war ? Tamb. When heaven shall cease to move on both the poles, And when the ground, whereon rny soldiers march, Shall rise aloft and touch the horned moon ; And not before, my sweet Zenocrate. Sit up, and rest thee like a lovely queen. So ; now she sits in pomp and majesty, When these, my sons, more precious in mine eyes Than all the wealthy kingdoms I subdu'd, Plac'd by her side, look on their mother's face. But yet methinks their looks are amorous, Not martial as the sons of Tamburlaine : Water and air, being symboliz'd in one, Argue their want of courage and of wit ; Their hair as white as milk, and soft as down, (Which should be like the quills of porcupines, As black as jet, and hard as iron or steel,) Bewrays they are too dainty for the wars ; Their fingers made to quaver on a lute, Their arms to hang about a lady's neck, Their legs to dance and caper in the air, Would make me think them bastards, not my sous, But that 1 know they issu'd from thy womb, That never look'd on man but Tamburlaine. Zeno. My gracious lord, they have their mother's looks, But, when they list, their conquering father's heart. This lovely boy, the youngest of the three, Not long ago bestrid a Scythian steed, Trotting the ring, and tilting at a glove, Which when he tainted * with his slender rod, * tainted} i. e. touched, struck lightly ; see Richard- son's Diet, in v. SCEXE III. TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT. He rein'd him straiglit, arid made Lim so curvet As I cried out for fear he should have fain. Tamb. Well done, my boy ! thou shalt have shield and lance, Armour of proof, horse, helm, and curtle-axe, And I will teach thee how to charge thy foe, And harmless run among the deadly pikes. If thou wilt love the wars and follow me, Thou shatt be made a king and reign with me, Keeping in iron cages emperors. If thou exceed thy elder brothers' worth, And shine in complete virtue more than they, Thou shalt be king before them, and thy seed Shall issue crowned from their mother's womb. Cel. Yes, father ; you shall see me, if I live, Have under me as many kings as you, And march with such a multitude of men As all the world shall * tremble at their view. Tamb. These words assure me, boy, thou art my son. When I am old and cannot manage arms, Be thou the scourge and terror of the world. Amy. Why may not I, my lord, as well as he, Be term'd the scourge and terror of "h the world ? Tamb. Be all a scourge and terror to J the world, Or else you are not sons of Tamburlaine. Caly. But, while my brothers follow arms, my lord, Let me accompany my gracious mother : They are enough to conquer all the world, And you have won enough for me to keep. Tamb. Bastardly boy, sprung from some coward's loins, And not the issue of great Tamburlaine ! Of all the provinces I have subdu'd Thou shalt not have a foot, unless thou bear A mind courageous and invincible ; For he shall wear the crown of Persia Whose head hath deepest scars, whose breast most wounds, Which, being wrotb, sends lightning from his eyes, And in the furrows of his frowning browa Harbours revenge, war, death, and cruelty ; For in a field, whose superficies || * shall'] So the 8vo. The 4to " should." t of] So the 8vo. The 4to "to." t to] So the Svo. The 4to "of." sprung] So the Svo. The 4to "sprong". See note} d. 14. || superficies] Old eds. "superfluities." (In act iii. sc. 4, we have, " the concave superficies Of Jove's vast palace.") Is cover'd with a liquid purple veil, And sprinkled with the brains of slaughter'd men, My royal chair of state shall be advanc'd ; And he that means to place himself therein, Must armed wade up to the chin in blood. Zeno. My lord, such speeches to our princely sons Dismay their minds before they come to prove The wounding troubles angry war affords. Cel. No, madam, these are speeches fit for us ; For, if his chair were in a sea of blood, I would prepare a ship and sail to it, Ere I would lose the title of a king. Amy. And I would strive to swim through* pools of blood, Or make a bridge of murder'd carcasses, f Whose arches should be fram'd with bones of Turks, Ere I would lose the title of a king. Tamb. Well, lovely boys, ye shall be emperors both, Stretching your conquering arms from east to west : And, sirrah, if you mean to wear a crown, When we J shall meet the Turkish deputy And all his viceroys, snatch it from his head, And cleave his pericranion with thy sword. Caly. If any man will hold him, I will strike, And cleave him to the channel with my sword. Tamb. Hold him, and cleave him too, or I '11 cleave thee ; For we will march against them presently. Theridamas, Techelles, and Casane Promis'd to meet me on Larissa-plains, With hosts a-piece against this Turkish crew ; For I have sworn by sacred Mahomet To make it parcel of my empery. The trumpets sound ; Zenocrate, they come. Enter THERIDAMAS, and hit train, with drums and trumpets. Welcome, Theridamas, king of Argier. Ther. My lord, the great and mighty Tambur- laine, Arch-monarch of the world, I offer here My crown, myself, and all the power I have, In all affection at thy kingly feet. Tamb. Thanks, good Theridamas. through] So the 4to. The Svo "thorow." f carcasser] So the Svo. The4to "carkasse." J we] So the Svo. The 4to "yon (you)." channel] i. e. collar, neck, collar-bone. 48 THE SECOND PART OF ACT I. Ther. Under my colours march ten thousand Greeks, And of Argier and Afric's frontier towns Twice twenty thousand valiant men-at-arms; All which have sworn to sack Natolia. Five hundred brigandines are under sail, Meet for your service on the sea, my lord, That, launching from Argier to Tripoly, Will quickly ride before Natolia, And batter down the castles on the shore. Tamb. Well said, Argier ! receive thy erown again. Enter USUMCASANE and TECHELLES. Kings of Morocco* and of Fez, welcome. Usum. Magnificent and peerless Tamburlaine, I and my neighbour king of Fez have brought, To aid thee in this Turkish expedition, A hundred thousand expert soldiers ; From Azamor to Tunis near the sea Is Barbary unpeopled for thy sake, And all the men in armour under me, Which with my crown I gladly offer thee. Tamb. Thanks, king of Morocco : take your crown again. [god, Tech. And, mighty Tamburlaine, our earthly Whose looks make this inferior world to quako, I here present thee with the crown of Fez, And with an host of Moors train'd to the war,+ Whose coal-black faces make their foes retire, And quake for fear, as if infernal J Jove, Meaning to aid thee in these || Turkish arms, Should pierce the black circumference of hell, With ugly Furies bearing fiery flags, And millions of his strong H tormenting spirits : From strong Tesella unto Biledull All Barbary is unpeopled for thy sake. Tamb. Thanks, king of Fez : take here thy crown again. Your presence, loving friends and fellow-kings, Makes me to surfeit in conceiving joy : If all the crystal gates of Jove's high court Were open'd wide, and I might enter in To see the state and majesty of heaven, It could not more delight me than your sight. Now will we banquet on these plains a while, And after march to Turkey with our camp, * Morocco] The old eds. here, and in the next speech, " Morocus " ; but sec note t, p. 22. t war] So the 8vo. The 4to " warres." t if infernal] So theSvo. The 4to " if the infernall." S thee] Old eds. "them." I! tkete] So the 4to. The 8vo "this." H ttrong] A mistake, occasioned by the word " ttrong" in the next line. In number more than are the drops that fall When Boreas rents a thousand swelling clouds ; And proud Orcanes of Natolia With all his viceroys shall be so afraid, That, though the stones, as at Deucalion's flood, Were turn'd to men, he should be overcome. Such lavish will I make of Turkish blood, That Jove shall send his winged messenger To bid me sheathe my sword and leave the field ; The sun, unable to sustain the sight, Shall hide his head in Thetis' watery lap, And leave his steeds to fair Bootes' * charge ; For half the world shall perish in this fight. But now, my friends, let me examine ye ; How have ye spent your absent time from ilie ? Usum. My lord, our men of Barbary have march'd Four hundred miles with armour on their backs, And lain in leaguerf fifteen months and more ; For, since we left you at the Soldan's court, We have subdu'd the southern Guallatia, And all the land unto the coast of Spain ; We kept the narrow Strait of Jubalter, + And made Canaria call us kings and lords : Yet never did they recreate themselves, Or cease one day from war and hot alarms ; And therefore let them rest a while, my lord. Tamb. They shall, Casane, and 'tis time, i'fai'h. Tech. And I have march'd along the river >'ile To Machda, where the mighty Christian priest, Call'd John the Great, sits in a milk-white robe, Whose triple mitre I did take by force, And made him swear obedience to my crown. From thence unto Cazates did I march, Where Amazonians met me in the field, With whom, being women, I vouchsaf d a league, And with my power did march to Zanzibar, The western part of Afric, where I view'd The Ethiopian sea, rivers and lakes, But neither man nor child in all the land : Therefore I took my course to Manico, Where, || unresisted, I remov'd my camp ; And, by the coast of Byather.lf at last BUotet'] So the 4to. The Svo "Boetes." t leaguer] i. e. camp. J Jubalie'r] Here the old eds. have "Gibraltar"; but in the First Part of this play they have " JvbaUir" : see p. 25, first col. the mighty Christian Priett, CalVd John the Great] Concerning the fabulous personage, Prester John, see Nares's Glott. in v. || Where] See note % p. 45. If Jiyather] The editor of 1820 printed "Biafar": but it is very doubtful if Marlowe wrote the names of place* correctly. SCENE I. TAMBURIAINE THE GREAT. 49 I came to Cubar, where the negroes dwell, And, conquering that, made haste to Nubia. There, having sack'd Borno, the kingly seat, I took the king and led him bound in chains Unto Damascus,* where I stay'd before. Tamb. Well done, Techelles ! What saith Theridamas ? Ther. I left the confines and the bounds of Afric, And madef a voyage into Europe, Where, by the river Tyras, I subdu'd Stoka, Podolia, and Codemia ; Then cross'd the sea and came to Oblia, And Nigra Silva, where the devils dance, Which, in despite of them, I set on fire. From thence I cross'd the gulf call'd by the name Mare Majore of the inhabitants. Yet shall my soldiers make no period Until Natolia kneel before your feet. Tamb. Then will we triumph, banquet and carouse ; Cooks shall have pensions to provide us cates, And glut us with the dainties of the world ; Lachryma Christi and Calabrian wines Shall common soldiers drink in quaffing bowls, Ay, liquid gold, when we have conquer'd him,* Mingled with coral and with orient t pearl. Come, let us banquet and carouse the whiles. [Exeunt. ACT II. SCENE I. Enter SIOISMUKD, FREDERICK, and BALDWIN, tcith their train. Sig. Now say, my lords of Buda and Bohemia, What motion is it that inflames your thoughts, And stirs your valours to such sudden arms ? Fred. Your majesty remembers, I am sure, What cruel slaughter of our Christian bloods These heathenish Turks and pagans lately made Betwixt the city Zula and Danubiue ; How through the midst of Varna and Bulgaria, And almost to the very walls of Rome, They have, not long since, massacred our camp. It resteth now, then, that your majesty Take all advantages of time and power, And work revenge upon these infidels. Your highness knows, for Tamburlaine's repair, That strikes a terror to all Turkish hearts, Natolia hath dismiss'd the greatest part Of all his army, pitch'd against our power Betwixt Cutheia and Orminius' mount, And sent them marching up to Belgasar, Acantha, Antioch, and Csesarea, To aid the kings of SoriaJ and Jerusalem. Now, then, my lord, advantage take thereof, And issue suddenly upon the rest ; * Damascus] Here the old eds. "Damasco." See note*, p. 31. f And made, &c.] A word dropt out from this line. J Soria] See note t, p. 44. thereof] So the 8vo. The 4to "heereof." That, in the fortune of their overthrow, We may discourage all the pagan troop That dare attempt to war with Christians. Sig. But calls not, then, your grace to me- mory The league we lately made with King Orcanes, Confirm'd by oath and articles of peace, And calling Christ for record of our truths ? This should be treachery and violence Against the grace of our profession. Bald. No whit, my lord; for with such in- fidels, In whom no faith nor true religion rests, We are not bound to those accomplishments The holy laws of Christendom enjoin; But, as the faith which they profanely plight Is not by necessary policy To be esteem'd assurance for ourselves, So that we vow J to them should not infringe Our liberty of arms and victory. * Sig. Though I confess the oaths they undertake Breed little strength to our security, Yet those infirmities that thus defame Their faiths, their honours, and religion, || Should not give us presumption to the like. * him] i. e. the king of Natolia. t orient] Old ed3. "orientall" and "oriental." Both in our author's Faustus and in his Jew of Malta we have "orient pearl." t that we vow] i. e. that which we vow. So the 8vo. The 4to "what we vow." Neither of the modern editors understanding the passage, they printed " we that vow." faiths] So the Svo. The 4to "fame." II and religion} Old eds. " and their religion.'" 60 THE SECOND PART OF ACT II. Our faiths are sound, and must be consummate,* Religious, righteous, and inviolate. Fred. Assure your grace, 'tis superstition To stand so strictly on dispensive faith ; And, should we lose the opportunity That God hath given to vengo our Christians' death, And scourge their foul blasphemous paganism, As fell to Saul, to Balaam, and the rest, That would not kill and curse at God's com- mand, So surely will the vengeance of the Highest, And jealous anger of his fearful arm, Be pour'd with rigour on our sinful heads, If we neglect this + offer'd victory. Sig. Then arm, my lords, and issue suddenly, Giving commandment to our general host, "With expedition to assail the pagan, And take the victory our God hath given. \ExemA. SCENE IL Enter OBCANES, GAZELLUS, and UHIBASSA, with their train. Ore. Gazellus, Uribassa, and the rest, Now will we march from proud Orruinius* mount To fair Natolia, where our neighbour kings Expect our power and our royal presence, T' encounter with the cruel Tamburlaine, That nigh Larissa sways a mighty host, And with the thunder of his martial J tools Makes earthquakes in the hearts of men and heaven. Gaz. And now dome we to make his sinews shake With greater power than erst his pride hath felt. An hundred kings, by scores, will bid him arms, And hundred thousands subjects to each score : Which, if a shower of wounding thunderbolts Should break out of the bowels of the clouds, And fall as thick as hail upon our heads, In partial aid of that proud Scythian, Yet should our courages and steeled crests, * consummate] Old eds. "consinuate." The modem editors print "continuate," a word which occurs in Shakespeare's Timon of Athens, act i. sc. 1., but which the metre determines to be inadmissible in the present passage. The Revd. J. Mitford proposes " continent," in the sense of restraining from violence. t this] So the 8vo. The 4to " the." t martial] So the 4to. The 8vo " material!." And numbers, more than infinite, of men, Be able to withstand and conquer him. Uri. Methinks I see how glad the Christian king Is made for joy of our* admitted truce, That could not but before be terrified Withf unacquainted power of our host. Enter a Messenger. Mess. Arm, dread sovereign, and my noble lords ! The treacherous army of the Christians, Taking advantage of your slender power, Comes marching on us, and determines straight To bid us battle for our dearest lives. Ore. Traitors, villains, damned Christians ! Have I not here the articles of peace And solemn covenants we have both confirm'd, He by his Christ, and I by Mahomet ? Gaz. Hell and confusion light upon their heads, That with such treason seek our overthrow, And care so little for their prophet Christ ! Ore. Can there be such deceit in Christians, Or treason in the fleshly heart of man, Whose shape is figure of the highest God ? Then, if there be a Christ, as Christians say, But in their deeds deny him for their Christ, If he be son to everliving Jove, And hath the power of his outstretched arm, If he be jccilous of his name and honour As is our holy prophet Mahomet, Take here these papers as our sacrifice And witness of thy servant's J perjury ! [He tears to pieces the articles of peace. Open, thou shining veil of Cynthia, And make a passage from th* empyreal heaven, That he that sits on high and never sleeps, Nor in one place is circumscriptible, But every where fills every continent With strange infusion of his sacred vigour, May, in his endless power and purity, Behold and venge this traitor's perjury ! Thou, Christ, that art esteem 'd omnipotent, If thou wilt prove thyself a perfect God, Worthy the worship of all faithful hearts, Be now reveng'd upon this traitor's soul, And make the power I have left behind (Too little to defend our guiltless lives) Sufficient to discomfit and confound * our] So the 4to. The 8vo "your." t With] So the 4to. The 8vo "Which." t thy servant's'] He means Sigismund. So a few lines after, " this traitor's perjury." discomfit] Old eda. "discomfort." (Compare tne first line of the next scene.) SCEXE IV. TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT. 51 The trustless force of those false Christians ! To arms, my lords ! * on Christ still let us cry : If there be Christ, we shall have victory. [Exeunt. SCENE IIL Alarms of battle within. Enter SIGISUUND wounded. Sig. Discomfited is all the Christianf host, And God hath thunder'd vengeance from on high, For my accurs'd and hateful perjury. just and dreadful punisher of sin, Let the dishonour of the pains I feel In this my mortal well-deserved wound End all my penance in my sudden death ! And let this death, wherein to sin I die, Conceive a second life in endless mercy ! [Dies. Enter ORCANES, GAZELLUS, UKIBASSA, with ethers. Ore. Now lie the Christians bathing in their bloods, And Christ or Mahomet hath been my friend. Gaz. See, here the perjur'd traitor Hungary, Bloody and breathless for his villany ! Ore. Now shall his barbarous body be a prey To beasts and fowls, and all the winds shall breathe, Through shady leaves of every senseless tree, Murmurs and hisses for his heinous sin. Now scalds his soul in the Tartarian streams, And feeds upon the baneful tree of hell, That Zoacum, J that fruit of bitterness, That in the midst of fire is ingraffd, Yet fiourisheth, as Flora in her pride, With apples like the heads of damned fiends. The devils there, in chains of quenchless flame, Shall lead his soul, through Orcus' burning gulf, From pain to pain, whose change shall never end. What say'st thou yet, Gazellus, to his foil, Which we referr'd to justice of his Christ And to his power, which here appears as full As rays of Cynthia to the clearest sight 1 Gaz. 'Tis but the fortune of the wars, my lord, Whose power is often prov'd a miracle. Ore. Yet hi my thoughts shall Christ be honoured, * lords} So the Svo. The 4to " lord." t Christian] So the Svo. The4to "Christians." J Zoacum] "Or Zakkum. The description of this tree is taken from a fable iu the Koran, chap. 37." Ed. 1826. Not doing Mahomet an* injury, Whose power had share in this our victory ; And, since this miscreant hath disgrac'd his faith, And died a traitor both to heaven and earth, We will both watch and ward shall keep his trunkf Amidst these plains for fowls to prey upon. Go, Uribassa, givej it straight in charge. Uri. I will, my lord. {Exit. Ore. And now, Gazellus, let us haste and meet Our army, and our brother[s] of Jerusalem, Of Soria, Trebizon, and Amasia, And happily, with full Natolian bowls Of Greekish wine, now let us celebrate Our happy conquest and his angry fate. [Exeunt. SCENE IV. The arras is drawn, and ZENOCKATE it discovered lying in herbfd of stale ; TAMBURLAINE sitting by her; three Physicians about her bed, tempering potions ; her three sons, CALYPHAS, AMYBAS, and CELEBJNTJS; THERI- DAMAS, TECHELLES, and USUMCASASE. Tamb. Black is the beauty of the brightest day ; The golden ball of heaven's eternal fire, That danc'd with glory on the silver waves, Now wants the fuel that inflam'd his beams ; And all with faintness, and for foul disgrace, He binds his temples with a frowning cloud, Ready to darken earth with endless night. Zeuocrate, that gave him light and life, Whose eyes shot fire from their)) ivory brows,H And temper'd every soul with lively heat, Now by the malice of the angry skies, Whose jealousy admits no second mate, Draws in the comfort of her latest breath, All dazzled with the hellish mists of death. Now walk the angels on the walls of heaven, As sentinels to warn th' immortal souls To entertain divine Zenocrate : Apollo, Cynthia, and the ceaseless lamps That gently look'd upon this** loathsome earth, * an] So the 8vo. The 4to " any.'' t We will both watch and ward shall keep his trunk] i. c. We will that both watch, &o. So the 4to. The Svo Las " and keepe." J Uribassa, give] So the Svo. The 4to " Vribatta, and giue." Sorio] See note t, P- 44. || their] So the 4to. Not in the Svo. IT brows] Old eds. "bowers." * this] So the Svo. The 4to " the." Si 52 THE SECOND PART OF ACT II. Shine downwards now no more, but deck the Leavens To entertain divine Zenocrate : The crystal springs, whose taste illuminates Refined eyes with an eternal sight, Like tried silver run through Paradise To entertain divine Zenocrate : The cherubins and holy seraphins, That sing and play before the King of Kings, Use all their voices and their instruments To entertain divine Zenocrate ; And, in this sweet and curious harmony, The god that tunes this music to our souls Holds out his hand in highest majesty To entertain divine Zeuocrate. Then let some holy trance convey my thoughts Up to the palace of th' empyreal heaven, That this my life may be as short to me As are the days of sweet Zenocrate. Physicians, will no* physic do her good ? Firtt Phys. My lord, your majesty shall soon perceive, An if she pass this fit, the worst is past. Tamb. Tell me, how fares my fair Zeuocrate ? Zeno. I fare, my lord, as other empresses, That, when this frail andf transitory flesh Hath suck'd the measure of that vital air That feeds the body with his dated health, Wane with enforc'd and necessary change. Tumi. May never such a change transform my love, In whose sweet being I repose my life ! Whose heavenly presence, beautified with health, Gives light to Phoebus and the fixed stars ; Whose absence makes J the sun and moon as dark As when, oppos'd in one diameter, Their spheres are mounted on the serpent's head, Or else descended to his winding train. Live still, my love, and so conserve my life, Or, dying, be the author of my death, Zeno. Live still, my lord ; 0, let my sovereign live ! And sooner let the fiery element Dissolve, and make your kingdom in the sky, Than this base earth should shroud your majesty ; For, should I but suspect your death by mine, The comfort of my future happiness, And hope to meet your highness in the heavens, no] So the 4 to. TheSvo "not." \ and} So the 4to. The 8vo " a." t mcJcei] So the 4to. The 8vo "make." $ author] So the 4to. The Svo "anchor." Turn'd to despair, would break my wretched breast, And fury would confound my present rest. But let me die, my love ; yes,* let me die ; With love and patience let your true love die : Your grief and fury hurts my second life. Yet let me kiss my lord before I die, And let me die with kissing of my lord. But, since my life is lengthen'd yet a while, Let me take leave of these my loving sons, And of my lords, whose true nobility Have merited my latest memory. Sweet sons, farewell ! in death resemble me, And in your lives your father's excellence. t Some music, and my fit will cease, my lord. [ They call/or music. Tamb. Proud fury, and intolerable fit, That dares torment the body of my love, And scourge the scourge of the immortal Qod ! Now are those spheres, where Cupid us'd to sit, Wounding the world with wonder and with love, Sadly supplied with pale and ghastly death, Whose darts do pierce the centre of my soul. Her sacred beauty hath enchanted heaven ; And, had she liv'd before the siege of Troy, Helen, whose beauty eummon'd Greece to arms, And drew a thousand ships to Teuedos, Had not been nam'd in Homer's Iliads, Her name had been in every line he wrote ; Or, had those wanton poets, for whose birth Old Rome was proud, but gaz'd a while on her, Nor Lesbia nor Corinna had been nam'd, Zenocrate had been the argument Of every epigram or elegy. [The music soundt ZKKOCRATE diet. What, is she dead 1 Techelles, draw thy sword, And wound the earth, that it may cleave in twain, And we descend into th' infernal vaults, To hale the Fatal Sisters by the hair, And throw them in the triple moat of hell, For taking hence my fair Zenocrate. Casane and Theridamas, to arms ! Raise cavalierosj higher than the clouds, And with the cannon break the frame of heaven ; Batter the shining palace of the sun, And shiver all the starry firmament, For amorous Jove hath snatch'd my love from hence, Meaning to make her stately queen of heaven. What god soever holds thee in his arms, * yet] Old eds. " yet." t excellence] So the 4to. The Svo " excellency." t cavalierot] i. e. mounds, or elevations of earth, to lodge cannon. SCENE I. Giving thee nectar and ambrosia, Behold me here, divine Zenocrate, Raving, impatient, desperate, and mad, Breaking my steeled lance, with which I burst The rusty beams of Janus' temple-doors, Letting out Death and tyrannizing War, To march with me under this bloody flag ! And, if thou pitiest Tamburlaine the Great, Come down from heaven, and live with me again ! Ther. Ah, good my lord, be patient ! she is dead, And all this raging cannot make her live. If words might serve, our voice hath rent the air ; If tears, our eyes have water'd all the earth ; If grief, our murder' d hearts have strain'd forth blood : Nothing prevails,* for she is dead, my lord. Tamb. For she is dead / thy words do pierce my soul : Ah, sweet Theridamas, say so no more ! Though she be dead, yet let me think she lives, And feed my mind that dies for want of her. Where'er her soul be, thou [To the body] shalt stay with me, Embalm'd with cassia, ambergris, and myrrh, Not lapt in lead, but in a sheet of gold, And, till I die, thou shalt not be interr'd. Then in as rich a tomb as Mausolus'* We both will rest, and have onef epitaph Writ in as many several languages As I have conquer'd kingdoms with my sword. This cursed town will I consume with fire, Because this place bereft me of my love ; The houses, burnt, will look as if they mourn'd ; And here will I set up her stature,^ And march about it with my mourning camp, Drooping and pining for Zenocrate. [The art-OS it drawn. ACT III. SCENE I. Enter the KINGS or TREBIZON and SORIA f, one bringing a tword and the other a tceptre; next, OHCANES Icing of Katolia, and the KING OF JERUSALEM with the impe- rial crown , after, CALLAPINE ; and, after him, other Lords and ALMEDA. ORCANES and the KING OF JERUSALEM crown CALLAPIXE, and the others give him the sceptre. Ore. Callapinus Cyricelibes, otherwise Cybelius, son and successive heir to the late mighty emperor Bajazeth, by the aid of God and his friend Mahomet, Emperor of Natolia, Jerusalem, Trebizon, Soria, Amasia,Thracia, Ilyria, Carmauia, and all the hundred and thirty kingdoms late contributory to his mighty father, long live Callapinus, Emperor of Turkey ! Call. Thrice-worthy kings, of Natolia and the rest, I will requite your royal gratitudes With all the benefits my empire yields ; And, were the sinews of th' imperial seat So knit and strengthen'd as when Bajazeth, My royal lord and father, fill'd the throne, Whose cursed fate + hath so dismeruber'd it, Then should you see this thief of Scythia, This proud usurping king of Persia, * prevails] i.e. avails. t Soria] See note f, p. 44. J fate] So the Svo. The 4to " fates." Do us such honour and supremacy, Bearing the vengeance of our father's wrongs, As all the world should blot his dignities Out of the book of base-born infamies. And now I doubt not but your royal cares Have so provided for this cursed foe, That, since the heir of mighty Bajazeth (An emperor so honour'd for his virtues) Revives the spirits of all || true Turkish hearts, In grievous memory of his father's shame, We shall not need to nourish any doubt, But that proud Fortune, who hath follow'd long The martial sword of mighty Tamburlaine, Will now retain her old inconstancy, And raise our honours H to as high a pitch, In this our strong and fortunate encounter ; For so hath heaven provided my escape From all the cruelty my soul sustain'd, By this my friendly keeper's happy means, That Jove, surcharg'd with pity of our wrongs, * Matisolus'] Wrong quantity. t one] So the Svo (" on "). The 4to "our." I itature] See note , p. 27.- So the Svo. The 4to " statue." Here the metre would be assisted by reading "statua," which is frequently found in our early writers: see my Remarks on Mr. Collier's and Mr. Knight's edition* of Shakespeare, p. 186. his] Oldeds. "our." || all] So the Svo. Omitted in the 4to. ff honours] So the Svo. The4to "honour." 64 THE SECOND PART OF ACT III. Will pour it down in showers on our heads, Scourging the pride of cursed Tamburlaine. Ore. I have a hundred thousand men in arms ; Some that, in conquest* of the perjur'd Christian, Being a handful to a mighty host, Think them in number yet sufficient To drink the river Nile or Euphrates, And for their power enow to win the world. K. of Jer. And I as many from Jerusalem, Juda?a,t Gaza, and Sclavonia'sJ bounds, That on mount Sinai, with their ensigns spread, Look like the parti-colour'd clouds of heaven That shew fair weather to the neighbour morn. K. of Treb. And I as many bring from Trebizon, Chio, Famastro, and Amasia, All bordering on the Mare-Major-sea, Riso, Sancina, and the bordering towns That touch the end of famous Euphrates, Whose courages are kindled with the flames The cursed Scythian sets on all their towns, And vow to burn the villain's cruel heart. K. of Sor. From Soria with seventy thousand strong, Ta'en from Aleppo, Soldino, Tripoly, And so unto my city of Damascus, || I march to meet and aid my neighbour kings ; All which will join against this Tamburlaine, And bring him captive to your highness' feet. Ore. Our battle, then, in martial manner pitch' d, According to our ancient use, shall bear The figure of the semicircled moon, Whose horns shall sprinkle through the tainted air The poison'd brains of this proud Scythian. Call. Well, then, my noble lords, for this my friend That freed me from the bondage of my foe, I think it requisite and honourable To keep my promise and to make him king, That is a gentleman, I know, at least. Aim. That's no matter, If sir, for being a king; or Tamburlaine came up of nothing. K. of Jer. Your majesty may choose some 'pointed time, Performing all your promise to the full ; 'Tis naught for your majesty to give a kingdom. * id conquest] So the 4to. The 8vo " in the conquest." t Judaea} So the 8vo. The 4to " Juda." t Sclavonics] Old eds. "Scaloniaus" and "Sclauo- nians." S Soria] See note t, p. 44. II Damascus] Here the old eds. "Damasco." See note *, p. 31. H Thai's no matter, &c.] So previously (p. 4C, first coL) Almeda speaks in prose, " I like that well," Ac. Call. Then will I shortly keep my promise, Almeda. Aim. Why, I thank your majesty. [Exeunt. SGENE II. j? *nds to FAUSTCS. WAGNER, servant to FAUSTUS. Clown. ROBIN. RALPH. Vintner. Horse-courser. A Knight. An Old Man. Scholars, Friars, and Attendants, DUCHESS OF VANHOLT LUCIFER. BELZEBUB. MEPHISTOPHILIS. Good Angel. Evil Angel. The Seven Deadly Shis. Devils. Spirits in the shapes of ALEXANDEB THE GREAT, of his Paramour and of HELEN. Chorus. THE TRAGICAL HISTORY OF DOCTOR FAUSTUS FROM THE QUARTO OF 1604. Enter Chorua. Chorus. Not marching now in fields of Thrasy- mene, Where Mars did mate* the Carthaginians; Nor sporting in the dalliance of love, In courts of kings where state is overturn' d ; Nor in the pomp of proud audacious deeds, Intends our Muse to vaunt t herj heavenly verse : Only this, gentlemen, we must perform The form of Faustus' fortunes, good or bad : To patient judgments we appeal our plaud, And speak for Faustus in his infancy. Now is he born, his parents base of stock, In Germany, within a town call'd Rhodes : Of riper years, to Wertenberg he went, Whereas his kinsmen chiefly brought him up. So soon he profits in divinity, The fruitful plot of scholarism grac'd, That shortly he was grac'd with doctor's name, Excelling all whose sweet delight disputes In heavenly matters of theology ; Till swoln with cunning, II of a self-conceit, His waxen wings did mount above his reach, And, melting, heavens conspir'd his overthrow ; For, falling to a devilish exercise, And glutted nowH with learning's golden gifts, He surfeits upon cursed necromancy ; Nothing so sweet as magic is to him, Which he prefers before his chiefest bliss : And this the man that in his study sits. [Exit. * male] i. e. confound, defeat. t vaunt] So the later 4tos. 2to 1604 "daunt." t her] All the 4tos " his." Whereas] i. e. where. || cunning] i. e. knowledge. Tf now] So the later 4tos. 2to 1604 " more.'- FAUSTUS discovered in his study.* Faust. Settle thy studies, Faustus, and begin To sound the depth of that thou wilt profess : Having commenc'd, be a divine in shew, Yet level at the end of every art, And live and die in Aristotle's works. Sweet Analytics, 'tis thou-f- hast ravish'd me ! Bene disscrere est finis logices. Is, to dispute well, logic's chiefest end ? Affords this art no greater miracle ? Then read no more; thou hast attain'd thatj end : A greater subject fitteth Faustus' wit : Bid Economy farewell, and || Galen come, Seeing, Ubi desinit philosophus, ibi incipit medi- cus: Be a physician, Faustus ; heap up gold, And be eterniz'd for some wondrous cure : Summum bonum medicinae sanitas, The end of physic is our body's health. Why, Faustus, hast thou not attain'd that end ? Is not thy common talk found aphorisms 1 Are not thy bills hung up as monuments, Whereby whole cities have escap'd the plague, And thousand desperate maladies been eas'd 1 Yet art thou still but Faustus, and a man. * Faustus discovered in his study"] Most probably, the Chorus, before going out, drew a curtain, and discovered Faustus sitting. In B. Barnes's Divils Charter, 1607, we find; "Seen. Vltima. Alexander unbraced betwixt two Car- dinally in his study looking vpon a, booke, whilst a groome draweth the Curtaine." Sig. L 3. t Analytics, 'tis thou, &c.] Qy. "Analytic"? (but such phraseology was not uncommon). t that] So the later 4tos.2to 1604 "the" (the printer having mistaken "y 1 " for "y e "). Economy] So the later 4tos (with various spelling). 2to 1604 " Oncaymwon." || and] So the later 4tos. Not in 4to 1604. 80 THE TRAGICAL HISTORY OF DOCTOR FAUSTUS. Couldst * them make men t to live eternally, Or, being dead, raise them to life again, Then this profession were to be esteem'd. Physic, farewell ! Where is Justinian ? [Reads. Si una eademque res legatur duobus, alter rem, alter valorem rei,