LBABY, 
 
 Bookseller, 
 */i & Walnut 
 
 riiilada. 
 
 ' 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 DAVID F. WATKINS.

 
 TRIAL 
 
 OF 
 
 ANTICHRIST, 
 
 OTHERWISE THE 
 
 MAX? OF SIN, 
 
 FOE 
 
 HIGH TREASON 
 AGAINST THE SOJV OF GOD. 
 
 TRIED AT 
 
 THE SESSIONS HOUSE OF TRUTH, 
 
 3E70RE TH6 RIGHT HON. DIVINE REVELATION, LORD CHIEF JUSTICE 01. 
 
 HIS MAJESTY'S COURT OF merry; THE HON. JUSTICE REASON 
 
 OF SAU> COURT; AND THE HON. JUSTICE HISTORY, 
 
 ONE OF THE JUSTICES OF HIS MAJESTY'S 
 
 COURT OF INFORMATION. 
 
 TAKEN IN SHORT-HAND, 
 
 BY THE REV. IV. I* S. G. 
 
 A Friend to St. Peter; Professor of Stenography; and Author 
 
 of" Four Dialogues between the Apostle St. Peter and 
 
 His Holiness the Pope of Rome," &c. &c. 
 
 FROM THE SECOND DUBLIN EDITION. 
 
 t PITTSBURGH: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY ROBERT WILSON. 
 
 2?. 4- M. Maclean, printers. 
 
 ^dldt^^ 
 
 ^&wW*^* 
 
 1830.
 
 iwr 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 TO THE SECOND DUBLIN EDITION. 
 
 THE first Edition of this work having been 
 for some time out of print, at the request of a 
 number of very respectable protestant gentle- 
 men it is republished. 
 
 The Author feels grateful for the great en- 
 couragement he has received, as it proves that 
 there are in Ireland many who yet respect the 
 Protestant Faith. To such, he cannot douht 
 but that this new edition of the TRIAL OF ANTI- 
 CHRIST will prove acceptable. From one County 
 only, upwards of 1000 copies have been 
 ordered. 
 
 He has now added some events of our own 
 times and country, transactions in the rebellions 
 of 1798, 1803, and some proceedings of the 
 Roman Catholic Boafcd, to its being SUPPRESSED 
 by Proclamation, including extracts from Dr. 
 Dromgoole's speech, &c. 
 
 It may be necessary to notice the plan pur- 
 sued. The Pope is charged with High Treason 
 against the King of Heaven, for .usurping his
 
 IV PREFACE. 
 
 Supremacy, dignified Titles, Power, &c. The 
 Indictment goes as far back as the year 606, 
 when he first was acknowledged as the Univer- 
 sal Bishop: and some of the principal circum- 
 stances in history from that time to the present 
 are brought forward to support the charge. The 
 form of a State Trial is almost if not altogether 
 constantly attended to, and such legal phrases 
 used, as to keep up the idea of a Court of Jus- 
 tice. The Pope being acknowledged by Ca- 
 tholics as the Head of the Church, and supposed 
 always to exist, he is arraigned as such by 
 various names; so that when one dies it is only 
 supposed that he changes his name. The wit- 
 nesses of course, are always considered to be 
 alive, and the Martyrs who were burnt to ashes 
 or otherwise put to death, are supposed to be 
 delivered. It is designed to be an abridgment 
 of ecclesiastical history, for upwards of twelve 
 hundred years, and to confirm the testimony of 
 scripture. 
 
 A FRIEND TO ST. PETER.
 
 The Proceedings of a Special Commission, held 
 at the Sessions House of TRUTH; in order to 
 the TRIAL of ANTICHRIST, for High Treason 
 against His Most Sacred Majesty. KING of 
 HEAVEN and EARTH. 
 
 THE Court being opened? the Commission of 
 Oyer and Terminer, under the Great Seal of 
 Heaven was read, when a Bill being found by the 
 Grand Jury, the Prisoner,, after manifesting con- 
 siderable reluctance, was brought to the Bar. 
 
 , 
 
 CLERK OP THE CROWN. 
 
 * ANTICHRIST, alias MAN OP SIN, alias Ro 
 
 * MAN PONTIFF, hold up your right hand. You 
 4 stand indicted, for that you. not having the 
 4 fear of God before your eyes, but being moved 
 
 * and seduced by the devil, did associate with 
 
 * other false traitors against our Sovereign Lord, 
 4 the present and everlasting King, your supreme 
 
 * and undoubted lord, not considering the duty 
 
 1*
 
 4 of your allegiance, but wholly withdrawing, the 
 4 peace and common tranquillity of his kingdom 
 4 to disturb; and our Sovereign Lord the King 
 4 from his royal state^ title, power, to depose and 
 4 deprive, and our Sovereign Lord the King to 
 4 death put. 
 
 4 You the said ANTICHRIST, and so forth, with 
 4 other false traitors, did usurp authority contra- 
 4 ry to every act and statute of our Sovereign 
 4 Lord the King. And, in the year of our Sove- 
 4 reign Lord six hundred and six, hi the City of 
 4 Rome in Italy * did erect your Throne in oppo- 
 4 sition to the Throne iji Heaven. And in far- 
 4 therance of yt>ur most evil intentions, and 
 4 treasonable imaginations, as such false traitor 
 4 feloniously and maliciotisly did conspire, and 
 4 combine together with other false traitors, par- 
 4 ticularly with that monster of wickedness, 
 4 PHOCAS, who murdered his master, the Emperor 
 4 MAURITIUS, and his family, consisting of six 
 4 sons and two daughters: In return for the favor 
 4 and countenance he received from you, he 
 4 conferred on you the title of UNIVERSAL 
 4 BISHOP, and you were then known by the 
 6 name of POPE Be;trFA.cfi III. 
 
 4 And afterwards* at the said City of Rome, in 
 4 further pursuance of the said Treason and Re- 
 4 bellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, being lifted up 
 4 with pride by the Prince of Darkness, did, in 
 4 order to gratify your ambition and promote
 
 * rebellion, add sundry other high and dignified 
 4 titles, in open defiance to the Crown, Dignity, 
 4 and Honor of our Sovereign Lord the King; 
 4 such as Christ's Vicegerent, His Holiness, 
 4 Prince over all Nations and Kingdoms, King 
 4 of Kings, and Lord of Lords, the Lord God the 
 4 rope, and so forth, so that sitting in the tem- 
 4 pie of God you did proclaim to the world that 
 4 you held your throne on Earth, not simply as 
 4 a man, but as true God! 
 
 4 And in furtherance of your most treason- 
 4 able and rebellious designs, you the said ANTI- 
 4 CHRIST, did, from time to time, wickedly, 
 4 falsely, and maliciously, associate with other 
 4 false traitors, and with force of arms, make 
 4 and levy war, with intent our Sovereign Lord 
 4 the King of, and from his royal state to depose 
 4 and deprive, and to kill and put to death; 
 4 and as such false traitor feloniously and mahV 
 4 ciously did conspire and combine with other 
 4 false traitors to raise and levy cruel insurrec- 
 tions, rebellions, and war within his king- 
 4 dom; did collect together arms, ammunition, 
 4 gun-powder, and shot, for the purposes of said 
 4 rebellions, and to levy war within his kingdom. 
 4 And for many years, in many countries, in 
 4 many nations, with jforce and arms, falsely 
 4 and traitorously did use, and procure to be 
 4 used, many hundred thousand pikes, and sun- 
 4 dry other arms, and did procure an immense 
 * quantity of gun-powder, with racks, gibbets,
 
 8 
 
 4 fire, swords, red-hot pincers, thumb-screws, 
 ' whips, cords, and various other instruments 
 4 of torture, (which for cruelty and diabolical 
 4 ingenuity, could scarcely be equalled in all the 
 
 * dark regions of infernal spirits,) for the pur- 
 4 pose of carrying on said insurrections and 
 4 rebellions within his Kingdom, and therewith 
 
 * cruel slaughters made among the faithful 
 'subjects of our Lord the King within his 
 
 * kingdom. 
 
 4 And in furtherance of said treasonable de- 
 4 signs, you the said ANTICHRIST, did asso- 
 4 ciate with, and cause yourself to be pro- 
 
 * claimed the head, and did become the ring- 
 
 * leader of a certain society, called the Roman 
 4 Catholic and Apostolic Church; and for the 
 4 purpose of supporting your tyrannical and 
 ' usurped authority in direct opposition to every 
 4 diyine law of our Sovereign Lord the King, 
 4 you did confer on other false traitors, in said 
 4 society, divers and numerous honors and titles, 
 4 such as Cardinals, Pope's Nuncios, Apostolic 
 4 Vicars, Pope's Legates, Archbishops, Holy Fa- 
 4 thers of Inquisitions, Inquisitor Generals, Pre- 
 4 lates, Monks, Hermits, Jesuits,Augustine Monks, 
 4 Benedictine Monks, Dominican Friars, Fran- 
 
 * ciscan Friars, Mendicant Friars, Jansenists, 
 ' Molinists, Abbots, Abbesses, Priests, Canons, 
 4 Carmelites, Nuns, &c. &c. All of those said 
 
 * traitors have been engaged, and most of them 
 4 deeply concerned in many Treasons, Rebel-
 
 4 lions and Murders, committed by you at vari- 
 ' ous times. 
 
 4 And in further pursuance of said treason- 
 'able designs, you the said ANTICHRIST, in 
 4 order to draw others into rebellion and trea- 
 1 son, did forge and counterfeit, and did cause 
 ' to be forged and counterfeited, the name, 
 ' hand-writing and seal of our Sovereign Lord 
 ' the King, with intent wickedly, feloniously, 
 4 and maliciously to deceive the World, and 
 4 force obedience to yourself. For which pur- 
 i pose you caused it to be proclaimed that you 
 ' were appointed by divine authority to be the 
 ' Head of the Church and CHRIST'S Vicar on 
 ' earth, and that by the positive Mandate, and 
 
 * Decree of our Sovereign Lord the King, given 
 
 * under his hand and seal, at JERUSALEM in Ju- 
 4 dea, in Asia. 
 
 4 And in furtherance of said treason and re- 
 4 bellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, wilfully, 
 4 wickedly, and maliciously, did forge and coun- 
 4 terfeit, and cause to be forged and counter- 
 4 feited, the hand-writing of one of his Most 
 4 Sacred Majesty's loyal and confidential ser- 
 4 vants, namely the Apostle PETER, from whom 
 4 you have presumed to declare, you received 
 4 your authority to commit treason, rebellion, 
 4 and murder, with every other crime, in the 
 4 name of the Holy and Righteous God of Hea- 
 4 ven and Earth, our Sovereign Lord and King,
 
 10 
 
 * and your Supreme and undoubted Lord. And 
 
 * you propagated and caused to be propagated 
 
 * designedly, and wickedly and falsely, that in 
 4 order to delegate you with princely power, and 
 
 * unheard of tyranny, the said Apostle PETER 
 ' came to the City of Rome, as PRINCE of the 
 
 * APOSTLES, and invested you with all your titles 
 4 and power to govern the Church of Christ in 
 4 the Universal World. 
 
 4 And afterwards at sundry times, and at the 
 4 said City of Rome, in further pursuance of 
 4 said treason and rebellion, you, the said 
 4 ANTICHRIST did feloniously write, and cause 
 4 to be written, several rebellious manifestoes or 
 4 proclamations, termed Pope*s Bulls; to sup- 
 4 port your unlawful Supremacy, to give indul- 
 4 gences to sin, and commission to violate every 
 4 law of GOD, to pardon treason, to give liberty 
 4 to souls in misery, giving encouragement 
 4 to subjects to rebel against their lawful Sove- 
 4 reign, to hurl Kings and Princes from their 
 4 thrones, and to encourage ^murder, treason, 
 4 rebellion, rapine and blood, with every detest- 
 *able crime, that can be named by human 
 4 tongue. And for this purpose, did make open 
 
 * publication of the same as being the Manifes- 
 4 toes or Proclamations termed BULLS OF His 
 4 HOLINESS THE POPE OF ROME, VICAR OF CHRIST; 
 
 * PRINCE OVER ALL NATIONS AND KINGDOMS, &c. 
 4 &c. And did circulate the same among dif- 
 
 * ferent nations and people, for the purpose of
 
 11 
 
 4 inciting and encouraging them to enter into 
 6 rebellion against our Sovereign Lord the King, 
 4 within his kingdom. 
 
 4 And in furtherance of your most evil inten- 
 1 tions, and treasonable imaginations, as such 
 4 false traitor, you, the said ANTICHRIST, feloni- 
 
 * onsly and maliciously did conspire and com- 
 
 * bine, together with other false traitors, to cx- 
 4 cite all nations on earth to repair to your pre- 
 4 tended consecrated standard in open rebellion 
 4 against our Sovereign Lord the King. 
 
 ' And for the purpose of further promoting 
 4 your treason and rebellion, you did from time 
 4 to time change your title; commanding yonr- 
 4 self to be called by various names, insomuch 
 4 that from the day you first usurped that of 
 4 Universal Bishop, by the name of BONIFACE III. 
 
 * to that on which you arrived at the highest 
 4 pitch of Papal grandeur under that of GREGO- 
 4 RY VII. you assumed no less than one hundred 
 4 and fourteen appellations. And from that 
 4 date, to the present, you have continued to 
 4 change your name, for the vile purpose of al- 
 
 * luring others into your awful rebellion and 
 4 treason against the King of kings and Lord of 
 
 * lords, and his Imperial Crown and Dignity. 
 
 4 And in further pursuance of said treason 
 4 and rebellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, did 
 4 openly and publicly, in the year of our Lord
 
 12 
 
 * 751, presume to depose Kings and establish 
 
 * yourself as a temporal Prince. You therefore 
 4 did by the name of Pope ZACHARY I. dethrone 
 4 CHILDERIC III. King of France, and invest with 
 4 royalty the usurper PEPIN in his place. From 
 
 * this period you carried two swords, to signify 
 
 * both your temporal and spiritual power and 
 4 assumed more and more authority; you as 
 4 CHRIST'S Vicegerent claimed the same power, 
 
 * as would belong to CHRIST alone had he been 
 4 personally on earth, reigning on his throne. 
 1 You even used to be called GOD on Earth, and 
 
 * most of the Princes of Europe submitted to 
 
 * your rebellious arms and usurped Supremacy. 
 4 You also brought Emperors and Kings to kiss 
 ' your feet, to receive their crowns from your 
 4 hands, and Princes dreaded your displeasure 
 4 more than they would a thunderbolt from hea- 
 
 * ven. If you were pleased to excommunicate 
 4 a King, all his subjects were by you declared 
 4 to be free from their allegiance and obliged, to 
 4 renounce it on pain of your displeasure; and 
 4 not only so but any man might kill him. 
 
 * Further, you arrogated the power of damning 
 4 the souls of men, and persuaded the people 
 ' (whom you had deluded into your rebellion) to 
 ' believe, that you possessed that ability, so that 
 
 * whoever died under your excommunication 
 
 * was considered by them as eternally lost. 
 
 * And in furtherance of your most wicked 
 4 and traitorous designs, you, the said ANTI-
 
 13 
 
 * CHRIST, not having the fear of GOD before 
 1 your eyes, but being moved and seduced by 
 4 the instigation of the great promoter, and 
 4 your co-operator in rebellion, the Devil, did, 
 4 with force of arms, by craft, subtlety and su- 
 1 perstition, falsely, wickedly and traitorously, 
 4 compass, imagine and intend our said Lord 
 4 the King, then and there your supreme, true 
 4 and lawful Lord, of and from the royal state, 
 4 crown, title, power and government of his 
 4 Imperial Realm, to depose and wholly deprive, 
 4 and to death and destruction bring, did levy 
 4 and make war for several centuries to support 
 4 your usurped authority, and to overthrow and 
 4 destroy the government and constitution of the 
 4 kingdom of our Lord, to establish your tyran- 
 4 nical and despotic decrees, laws, and canons, 
 4 to the certain destruction of all who are drawn 
 4 by you into your treasons and die in a state of 
 4 rebellion against our Sovereign Lord the King. 
 
 4 And in further prosecution of said wicked 
 4 designs as aforesaid, you the said ANTICHRIST 
 4 did (after you dethroned CHILDERIC, King of 
 4 France) depose, and deprive and excommuni- 
 ' cate a number of Princes, contrary to every 
 4 law and statute of our Sovereign Lord the 
 4 King made in that case and provided. Du- 
 4 ring the time you went by the name of Pope 
 4 INNOCENT III. at the commencement of the 
 4 thirteenth century, when the Empire of Ger- 
 4 many was disputed between Philip, duke of 
 2
 
 14 
 
 * Suabia, and Otho IV. you first espoused the 
 
 * cause of Otho, and thundered out your ex- 
 ' communications against Philip, and upon the 
 
 * death of the latter, in the year 1209, you 
 1 placed the Imperial Diadem upon the head of 
 4 his adversary, who not being disposed to bow 
 Sufficiently to your ambitious desire, in his 
 4 turn felt your malice and resentment. You 
 
 * therefore declared him unworthy of the Em- 
 4 pire, and anathematized and deposed him in 
 4 the year 1212, and raised his pupil Frederic 
 4 II. to the throne and dignity in his place. 
 
 ; You also excommunicated and deposed John 
 4 King of England, and absolved all his subjects 
 4 from their oaths of allegiance, when you pro- 
 4 claimed the kingdom under an interdict, shut 
 4 up all the places of public worship for three 
 4 years, declared the throne of England vacant, 
 4 and requested the King of France to execute 
 4 your sentence and undertake the conquest of 
 4 Britain: till John was compelled to pay large 
 4 sums of money for both England and Ireland, 
 4 to do homage before your legate at Dover, and 
 4 receive his crown from his hands, as a special 
 4 favor from you, (as his Holiness the Pope and 
 4 Prince of the Apostles,) after it was detained 
 4 five days. 
 
 4 When you were called by the name of Pope 
 4 CONSTANTLY, in the year 712, you also deprived 
 4 Philipicus Bardanes, Emperor of the Greeks*
 
 15 
 
 * By the name of GREGORY I. and II. you ex~ 
 
 * communicated Leo the Isaurian Emperor. 
 
 1 In the year 1076, by the name of GREGORY 
 
 * VII. you deposed Henry IV. Emperor. 
 
 4 By the name of CELESTINE III. you excom- 
 4 municated Henry VI. Emperor. 
 
 4 By the same name you excommunicated 
 4 Leopold Duke of Austria. 
 
 ' By the same name you excommunicated 
 
 * Alphonso X. King of Galicia and Leon. 
 
 4 By the name of Innocent III. you deprived 
 
 * Philip Augustus, King of France. 
 
 4 In the year 1245, by the names of GREGORY 
 4 IX. and Innocent IV. you deposed Frederic II. 
 4 Emperor. 
 
 4 In the year 1303, by the name of BONIFAGE 
 4 VIII. you deprived Philip the Fair, King of 
 4 France. 
 
 4 In the year 1512, by the name of JULIU* II. 
 ' you deprived Louis XII. King of France. 
 
 4 In the year 1538, by the name of PAUL III. 
 
 * you deprived Henry VIII. King of England. 
 
 4 In the year 1570, by the name of Pius V. 
 4 you deprived Elizabeth Queen of England. 
 
 4 By the name of PAUL IV. you issued out 
 'your edict in the year 1563, to order Joan, 
 
 * Queen of Navarre, to appear before your 
 4 tribunal at Rome, to answer for the crime of 
 
 * rejecting your authority. In the year 1589, 
 
 * by the name of SIXTUS V. you delivered a fa- 
 
 * mous (or rather an infamous) oration, applaud- 
 *jng the murder of Henry III, King of France,
 
 16 
 
 4 by a Jacobine Friar, as both admirable and 
 1 meritorious. 
 
 4 By the name of URBAN II. you prohibited 
 4 Bishops and Priests from promising allegiance 
 ' to Kings and Princes. 
 
 4 By the name of MARTIN V. you forced the 
 4 Emperor Sigismund to violate his covenant 
 4 and promise, and made that diabolical decree, 
 4 that Faith must not be kept with heretics. 
 
 4 By the name of CLEMENT IX- you presumed 
 4 to deprive James I. King of England of his 
 4 right to the crown, even before he ascended 
 4 the throne, and afterwards attempted to 
 4 destroy both him and his parliament by gun- 
 4 powder. 
 
 4 By the name of CLEMENT XI. you declared 
 4 the treaty of Charles VI. Emperor to be null mid 
 4 void, (so far as it did not appear to the interest 
 4 of your government) although repeatedly con- 
 4 firmed by oath, and 
 
 4 By the name of GREGORY VII. you not only 
 - 4 dethroned Basilius, King of Poland, but you 
 4 did by an express and imperious edict prohibit 
 4 the nobles of Poland from electing a new king 
 4 without your consent, contrary to the divine 
 4 law of our Sovereign Lord the King. 
 
 4 And in furtherance of your most evil and 
 4 traitorous designs, you, the said ANTICHRIST 
 4 did, for the purpose of promoting rebellion and 
 4 insurrection, wilfully and knowingly adhere to 
 4 and confederate with some of the most noto- 
 4 rious and violent enemies of our Sovereign
 
 1ft 
 
 4 Lord the King. And as such false traitor, did 
 4 feloniously and maliciously hold such commu- 
 4 nication with the aforesaid rebels, with intent 
 *to alter and overthrow the constitution of the 
 
 * kingdom of our Lord; and our Sovereign 
 
 * Lord the King from his royal state, titles and 
 
 * power, to depose and deprive, and our Sove- 
 4 reign Lord the King to death put. You, the 
 4 said ANTICHRIST, with other false traitors, did 
 4 in several countries erect and establish most 
 4 awful, dreadful, and diabolical courts for the 
 4 trial and punishment of all those who refused to 
 
 * own your unlawful authority. To these Courts 
 4 or tribunals you gave the name of Holy Office 
 4 of Inquisitions, where every cruelty that devils 
 4 could invent was employed by your commis- 
 4 sion. You also appointed to superintend these 
 
 * works and mansions of darkness, such false 
 4 traitors as were zealously attached to your 
 4 treasonable designs, and did confer on them 
 4 the title of Holy Fathers of Inquisition, Holy 
 
 * Inquisitors, &e. 
 
 4 An4 in furtherance of said treason and re- 
 4 bellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, with ofier 
 4 false traitors, did presume to declare that you 
 4 had by divine right, power to introduce into the 
 4 highest seat of dignity in heaven, some of the 
 4 most notorious rebels against our Sovereign 
 4 Lord and King. You did therefore (what you 
 4 call) canonize a considerable number of such 
 
 * false traitors as Saints in heaven, both men 
 
 2*
 
 18 
 
 * and women, for the purpose of promoting your 
 
 * awful rebellion, by withdrawing the allegiance 
 
 * and affections of thousands from our lawful 
 
 * Sovereign, by venerating and adoring those 
 4 creatures of your own forming, and thus pro- 
 4 moting rebellion and treason in all the world 
 
 * to the utmost of your power. 
 
 * And in further prosecution of said wicked 
 4 designs as aforesaid, you the said ANTICHRIST 
 
 * did wilfully and maliciously, by open procla- 
 
 * mation, give encouragement to the most detest- 
 4 able Murderers, Traitors, Robbers, and Vil- 
 4 lains, that could be collected together on earth: 
 4 And did for such murderers and rebels appoint 
 4 several places, called Holy Places of Refuge, 
 4 where every infamous character lived in safety 
 4 . by your orders, in defiance of every divine 
 4 and human law, for the purpose of promoting 
 4 rebellion and treason against our Sovereign 
 4 Lord the King. 
 
 4 And further to promote treason and rebel- 
 4 lion, as such false traitor, you the said ANTI- 
 4 CHRIST did, wickedly and feloniously, with 
 'ottier false traitors, proclaim the presumed 
 4 power, to grant to those who were rich enough 
 4 to purchase them, Indulgences, which admin- 
 
 * istered remission of all sins, however enormous 
 'in their nature they might be. You did there- 
 4 fore, especially in Germany, in the year of our 
 4 Lord, 1517, (when you were known by the
 
 19 
 
 * name of Pope LEO X.) employ several persons 
 4 connected with you to circulate and sell the 
 'said Indulgences for money; particularly a 
 
 * Dominican Friar, and false traitor, known by 
 4 the name of JOHN TETZEL, who in describing 
 'the efficacy of these rebellious Indulgences, 
 4 among other enormities, said that even had any 
 4 one deflowered the mother of God,he had from you 
 4 wherewithal to efface his guilt. And he also 
 4 boasted that he had saved more souls from hell 
 4 by these Indulgences, than St. Peter had convert- 
 4 ed to Christianity by his preaching. 
 
 4 You likewise commissioned other false trai- 
 4 tors to plead in the defence of said rebellious 
 4 acts, when they were opposed by one who 
 4 rejected your authority. And one CAJETAN, a 
 4 rebel in your employ, did declare in support of 
 4 your usurped power, that one drop of Chris? s 
 4 blood, being sufficient to redeem the whole human 
 4 race, the remaining quantity that was shed in the 
 4 garden and on the cross, was left as a legacy to 
 4 the church, to be a treasure from whence Indul- 
 4 gences were to be drawn and administered by the 
 4 Roman Pontiff', or you the said ANTICHRIST. 
 4 And of these and other awful expressions you 
 4 were the author when you were called Pope 
 4 CLEMENT VII. 
 
 4 And in furtherance of said treason and 
 4 rebellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, with 
 4 other false traitors, did wickedly, wilfully,
 
 20 
 
 * and maliciously, murder and cause to be mur- 
 
 * deredmany hundred thousand subjects of our 
 
 * Sovereign Lord the King, who refused to own 
 
 * your assumed supremacy. To enumerate all 
 
 * the said murders would be a task impossible 
 4 for men, if not for angels, to perform: But you 
 4 did, by various instruments put to death up- 
 
 * wards of a million of the people called WAL- 
 
 * DENSES and ALBIGENSES, whom you persecuted 
 
 * with fire and sword for several centuries. And 
 4 you also burnt many very faithful preachers 
 4 of the kingdom of our Lord. And you did 
 4 on the 24th day of August, 1572, and fewfol- 
 4 lowing days, cause to be murdered at Paris in 
 4 France, 70,000 persons, who were massacred 
 4 by one of your agents called CHARLES IX. 
 4 and who in a few years murdered 300,000!! 
 4 Witliin thirty years, were killed in France 39 
 4 Princes, 148 Counts, 224 Barons, 147,518 
 4 Gentlemen, and 760,000 persons of inferior 
 4 rank in life, but whose blood equally called 
 4 for justice. 
 
 4 And you did in England, during the short 
 4 reign of the ever to be execrated Queen MARY, 
 
 * burn 1 Archbishop, 4 Bishops, 21 Preachers, 
 4 8 Gentlemen, 84 Artificers y 100 Husband- 
 4 men and Laborers, 26 Wives, 20 Widows, 
 4 9 unmarried Women, 2 Boys, and 2 Infants. 
 4 And in Ireland also you did in the year 1641, 
 4 cause to be murdered 40,000 persons. And 
 4 in Scotland, in Holland, in Germany, in Spain, 
 4 in Italy, in Portugal, in Poland, in Hungary,
 
 21 
 
 4 in Bohemia, and other countries in Europe, and 
 ' in South- America, innumerable multitudes have 
 4 been slaughtered by your rebellious arms, for 
 4 the vile purpose of promoting said insurrec- 
 4 tions and treasons within the kingdom of our 
 4 Sovereign Lord the Everlasting King: And 
 4 for the purposes of your treasonable imagin- 
 4 ations as aforesaid, our said Lord the King 
 4 from the royal state, title, honor, power, im- 
 4 perial crown and government of his realm to 
 4 depose and deprive, contrary to the duty of 
 4 your allegiance, against the peace of our So- 
 4 vereign Lord the King, his crown and dignity, 
 4 and against the form of the statute in that 
 4 case made and provided." 
 
 CLERK OF THE CROWN. How sayest thou 
 Antichrist? Art thou Guilty of that treason 
 whereof thou standest Indicted, and for which 
 thou hast now been arraigned? or Not Guilty? 
 
 ANTICHRIST. (After remaining silent for some 
 time,) I do not consider myself accountable to 
 any^Court. 
 
 LORD CHIEF JUSTICE. Whatever opinion 
 you may entertain respecting your treasonable 
 authority; it will not be owned here. You have 
 heard the Indictment read, and the course is, 
 you must plead Guilty or Not Guilty. It is the 
 law and the common case of all men in your 
 situation. Are you Guilty or Not Guilty? 
 
 ANT. Shall I not be allowed to produce such
 
 22 
 
 authority as almost all Christian countries have 
 admitted? Some of the most eminent Catholic 
 writers have proved my power over all law 
 and 
 
 COURT. You must hold, and plead Guilty 
 or not Guilty. You shall have the liberty that 
 any subject can have, or can challenge. No man 
 standing at the bar, in the condition you are, 
 must make any other answer to the Indictment 
 than Guilty, or not Guilty. Your answer must 
 be plain and direct, either Guilty or not Guilty. 
 
 ANT. Will you permit me to give you my 
 answer in my own words? 
 
 LORD CHIEF JUSTICE. There is no answer 
 but what the law directs. You shall be heard 
 when you put yourself upon your trial. 
 
 ANT. I request some time to consider of it, 
 for I have been very unexpectedly called 
 upon. 
 
 COURT. You have been allowed several cen- 
 turies to take this case into consideration. You 
 must follow the direction of the Court, Guilty or 
 Not Guilty. 
 
 ANT. Shall I be heard, my Lord? 
 
 COURT. Yes, upon your trial. You must 
 keep to the course of the law; either Guilty or 
 Not Guilty. There is but one of these pleas to 
 be made. You trouble the Court. 
 
 CLERK. How sayest thou Antichrist? Art 
 thou Guilty, or not Guilty? 
 
 ANT. My condition differs from others, I am 
 now -
 
 23 
 
 CLERK. Are you Guilty, or Not Guilty? 
 
 ANT. I am speaking. I have known the 
 time when none dare 
 
 COURT. There are but three things to be con- 
 sidered. Either you must say Guilty, which is 
 Confession, and then there remains no more but 
 Judgment, or Not Guilty, and then you shall be 
 heard; or Judgment will pass for your standing 
 mute; which is the same as if you had confessed. 
 
 ANT. Will you refuse to give me any satis- 
 faction? 
 
 CLERK. Are you Guilty, or Not Guilty? 
 
 COURT. You have been long acquainted 
 with the proceedings of earthly courts- Did you 
 ever allow any prisoner brought before your 
 tribunal, the indulgence the Court has now 
 granted you? 
 
 ANT. This is a special case. 
 
 COURT. The law allows nothing now, but to 
 plead Guilty, or Not Guilty. You must plead to 
 your Indictment. If it be treason it cannot be 
 justified; if it be justifiable, it is not treason. 
 Therefore plead Guilty, or Not Guilty. 
 
 ANT. Who could suppose that I would plead 
 Guilty? 
 
 CLERK. You plead Not Guilty. Is this your 
 plea? 
 
 ANT. I do not acknowledge the Indictment 
 to be legal. I never called myself by the name 
 of Antichrist. I am not the person. 
 
 CLERK. You have been long known by that 
 name. You are the persin charged with trea-
 
 24 
 
 son. It would take many hours to read all the 
 names you have been known by in the world. 
 You are the person, and by one, or other of the 
 names in the Indictment, you have for centuries 
 committed all the crimes laid to your charge. 
 But the Court cannot be thus interrupted. Are 
 you Guilty, or Not Guilty? 
 
 ANT. I am not Antichrist. 
 
 CLERK. Are you Guilty, or Not Guilty? 
 
 ANT. I do not plead Guilty. 
 
 CLERK. Then you plead Not Guilty. Is this 
 your plea? 
 
 ANT. Yes. 
 
 CLERK. How will you be tried? 
 
 ANT. I will be tried by the laws and Cardinals 
 of the Holy Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 LORD CHIEF JUSTICE. I must inform you, if 
 you do not put yourself in this case according 
 to law, what you have said amounts to nothing. 
 
 CLERK. How will you be tried? 
 
 ANT. According to the ordinary course. 
 
 CLERK. Whether by God or the Country? 
 You must speak the words. 
 
 COURT. We have given you a great deal 
 more liberty than is usually granted. It is the 
 course and proceeding of law, if you will be 
 tried you must put yourself upon God and 
 the Country. 
 
 ANT. If I must say the words, I will say 
 what you tell me. I will be tried by God and 
 the Country. 
 
 CLERK. God sena you a good deliverance.
 
 25 
 
 COURT. You, the prisoner at the bar: if you 
 desire pen, ink and paper, you shall have them; 
 and if you will challenge any of the Jury, you 
 may when they come to be sworn, and that be- 
 fore they are sworn. 
 
 Mr. Timothy Telltruth being called was desired 
 to look on the prisoner at the bar, and lay his 
 hand upon the book, when the prisoner said, / 
 utterly abhor his name, he is well known to be one 
 of the greatest enemies to my government. 
 
 Mr. Jacobus Investigation, Mark Mercy, Gi- 
 deon Grace, Titus Truth, Francis Faithfulness, 
 Luke Love, Peter Peace, Jonah Joy, Matthew 
 Meekness, Henry Holiness, and Venerable Virtue, 
 being called were severally excepted against by 
 the prisoner. 
 
 COURT. Antichrist, you know the law. 
 You must say, I challenge him. 
 
 ANT. I shall, sir. 
 
 Sir Simon Sincerity, was next called and chal- 
 lenged. 
 
 Mr. Christopher Compassion, being called, the 
 prisoner said, may I ask of what quality he is? 
 
 COURT. No Sir. You are to challenge him, 
 or not challenge him. 
 
 ANT. T challenge him. 
 
 Philip Purity, Obadiah Obedience, and Grace 
 Goodness, being called were also challenged. 
 (Here the people appeared to smile.) 
 
 ANT. My Lord I must make use of my. li- 
 berty in the case. 
 
 COURT. God forbid it should be otherwise, 
 3
 
 Reuben Righfeousness, and Virtuous Vigttan&B? 
 were called and challenged. 
 
 COURT. Antichrist you know how many 
 to challange. If you go beyond the number T 
 
 [the danger. 
 ANT. Will you tell me what it is? I know 
 nothing about trial by Jury. All the prisoners 
 that came before me had a very different triaL 
 
 COURT. You say very true, but God forbid 
 but you should know. You may challenge 
 thirty-five peremptorily, but no more unless 
 you can shew just cause. 
 
 Sir William Worthy, was next called, and 
 challenged. 
 
 Tifu* Tenderness, called*. 
 
 ANT. I do not know him. 
 
 TEND. Nor I you Sir; I never lived in your 
 city or dominions, 
 
 He was then desired to look on the prisoner 
 and lay his hand on the book. His oath was- 
 then read to him* viz. ' You shall well and 
 4 truly try, and true deliverance make between 
 4 our sovereign Lord' the King, and the prisoner 
 * at the bar, whom you shall have in charge, ac- 
 4 cording to your evidence: So help you God." 
 Sworn. 
 
 Benjamin Blameless, Absalom Amiable, and 
 Luke Love good, were challenged. 
 
 Don Pedro Italy, was next called, when the 
 prisoner said, Don Pedro Italy is his iiamelT 
 Let him be sworn. Sworn. 
 
 Uriah Uprightness. Challenged.
 
 27 
 
 ISenhor Paulo Portugal was next called. 
 ANT. I like his name, let him be sworn* 
 
 Elias Equity. Challenged. 
 
 Divine Light. Challenged. 
 
 Divine Life. Challenged. 
 
 ANT. Lest I may run into any Hazard, in 
 making use of the liberty granted by the law in 
 this case, and not having numbered the persons 
 challenged; I desire that your officer may ac- 
 quaint me with the number. 
 
 COURT. You shall know it. 
 
 Christian Charity, was next called and chal- 
 lenged, but the prisoner said immediately after, 
 Let him be sworn. 
 COURT. No, No. 
 
 ANT. I have no objection to his name. He 
 .may be sworn 
 
 COURT. When he is chaflenged it cannot 
 be recalled. 
 
 Senhor Dominic Spam, was aiext called. 
 
 ANT. Let him be sworn. He has known 
 me a long time. Sworn. 
 
 Hosea Honesty and Faithful Witness, being 
 called, were challenged. 
 
 COURT. You have now challenged thirty. 
 
 ANT. I wish the names to be read to me, 
 -to see if it be so? 
 
 COURT. When you come to thirty-five, you 
 shall have the names read. 
 
 Vital Godliness and Experimental Religion-, 
 were next called and both challenged-
 
 28 
 
 Mons. Most Christian France. Sworn. 
 
 Corvinus Hungary. Sworn. 
 
 Gospel Holiness, Scripture Morality, and Apos- 
 tolic Testimony, being called, were challenged. 
 
 COURT. Now read the names to him. 
 
 They \vere read. In all thirty-five. 
 
 Van Erasmzis Holland. Sworn. 
 
 Gustavus Sweden. Sworn. 
 
 George England. Sworn. 
 
 Andrew Scotland. Sworn. 
 
 Patrick Ireland. Sworn. 
 
 Augustus Germany. Sworn. 
 
 Then they who were admitted, were called 
 over, viz. Titus Tenderness, Don Pedro Italy, 
 Senhor Paulo Portugal, Senhor Dominic Spain, 
 Monsieur Most Christian France, Corvinus 
 Hungary, Van Erasmus Holland, Gustavus 
 Sweden, George England, Andrew Scotland, 
 Patrick Ireland, and Augustus Germany. 
 Proclamation was then made, 
 
 * If any man can inform my lord the King's 
 ' Justice, the King's Sergeant or the King's 
 4 Attorney, before this Inquest be taken, let 
 4 them come forth, and they shall be heard, for 
 4 now the prisoner stands at the Bar upon his de- 
 * liverance. And all those bound by recognizance 
 4 to appear let them come forth, and give their 
 4 evidence, or else to forfeit their recognizance.' 
 
 A considerable number of witnesses were then 
 called. 
 
 CLERK. Look upon the Prisoner at the bar, 
 you that are sworn. You shall understand,
 
 that the Prisoner at the bar stands indicted by 
 the name of Antichrist, &c. late of the City 
 of Rome in Italy > Clerk; for that he, together, 
 &c. (here the indictment was read) upon which 
 indictment he hath been arraigned, and there- 
 unto hath pleaded Not Guilty; and for his trial 
 hath put himself upon God and the Country, 
 which Country you are. Now your charge is 
 to inquire, whether he be Guilty of the High 
 Treason in manner and fornvas he stands indict- 
 ed or Not Guilty. If you find that he is Guil- 
 ty, you shall inquire what Goods and Chattels 
 he had at the time of committing the Treason, 
 or any time since. If you find that he is 
 Not Guilty, you shalj inquire whether he did 
 fly for it; if you find that he fled for it, you 
 shall inquire of his Goods and Chattels as if you 
 had found him Guilty. If you find that he 
 is Not Guilty, nor that he did fly, you shall 
 say so and no more. t And take heed to your 
 evidence. 
 
 The Right Hon. FAITHFUL INVESTIGATION, 
 His Majesty's Attorney General, then addressed 
 the Court and Jury. 
 
 My Lords, and Gentlemen of the Jury, 
 It is my duty to state to you in as concise a 
 manner as I can, the nature of the charges pre- 
 ferred against the prisoner at the bar, and the 
 evidences that shall be produced in support of 
 those charges. Gentlemen of the Jury, you on 
 your part are to decide upon the evidences; it 
 3*
 
 30 
 
 ia for you to draw such conclusions as you may 
 by the evidences be warranted to do. 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen of the Jury, I con- 
 sider my self highly honored in being one of the 
 instruments in bringing before you, this day in- 
 to judgment, one who not only has been guilty of 
 the blackest treason and rebellion, but, who has 
 been for many centuries the plague and curse 
 of nations. The highest crimes of which a sub- 
 ject can be guilty^ attended with various ag- 
 gravating circumstances, are charged against 
 the Prisoner at the bar, who was the leader and 
 original mover of many insurrections and rebel- 
 lions which have deluged the earth with human 
 blood, and brought many whom he had seduced 
 to condign punishment, both here and in the 
 eternal world. It will appear in evidence, that 
 the persons who were principally connected 
 with, and who received their authority from 
 the prisoner, wei those that were concerned 
 in the rebellions .01*606, and of every succeeding 
 century, in Italy , Germany, France, Spain, Portu- 
 gal, Holland, Sweden, England, Wales, Scotland, 
 Ireland, and most of the Nations of Europe. 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen of the Jury, it is 
 not possible that any mortal being, in the space 
 of one hundred years, could state a tenth part of 
 the treasons and murders which the prisoner at 
 the bar has committed. The most youthful and 
 able council would grow grey-headed in the 
 court, while barely citing the acts done by him 
 only during the space of half a century. The
 
 31 
 
 Court it self could not contain half the rebel pro- 
 clamations, or Pope's Bulls which he has pub- 
 lished to the world, the design of which will 
 evidently appear to be, the subversion of his 
 Majesty's Government, and the promotion of 
 rebellion in all the earth. 
 
 And in order to effect his treasonable designs 
 he imbrued his hands in the blood of thousands 
 of his fellow creatures; crimes that do not, that 
 cannot admit of the smallest extenuation. The 
 Prisoner at the bar stands charged with commit- 
 ting several overt acts of High Treason by which 
 he has manifested the wickedness and traitorous 
 imaginations of his heart. I shall briefly state a 
 few of the overt acts, and if you believe the evi- 
 dence you will be convinced, Gentlemen of the 
 Jury, it is your duty to find" the prisoner Guilty. 
 
 There are several counts in this indictment. 
 That of compassing and imagining the death of 
 the King. Of usurping his Sovereign Power. 
 Adhering to the King's enemies. Counterfeit- 
 ing the King's great seal of Heaven. Levying 
 war against the King. Deposing several Em- 
 perors and Kings. Abolishing the laws of our 
 beloved Sovereign and substituting his own. 
 Offering rewards to encourage rebellion. The 
 murder of many hundred thousand subjects of 
 our Lord the King. And others stated in the 
 indictment now read. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Jury, the overt act of le- 
 vying war, is a compassing and imagining the 
 death of the King, although it may not be car-
 
 32 
 
 "'ried into effect. I shall not make many obser- 
 vations upon it, as it must be comprehended 
 by any sensible man, for in the language 
 of the law, the levying war is held to be the 
 compassing and imagining the death of the King, 
 although it may not immediately be carried into 
 execution, yet, it may ultimately attach to his 
 person. And conspiracy, by force of arms, to 
 alter the laws, the constitution, or the govern- 
 ment of our Lord's kingdom, leads to the ge- 
 neral destruction of the king, although it doth 
 not to the life of his Majesty. Thus those who 
 have been acknowledged as the subjects of our 
 Severeign, by lifting up their rebellious arms 
 against his government, are said to Crucify or 
 Kill him again, and to bring him to open shame. 
 The intention to alter by force of arms the con- 
 stitution of his kingdom, is one of the overt 
 acts laid in the indictment, as a means to com- 
 pass the death of the King. 
 
 I shall proceed to lay the evidences before 
 you, in support of the charges laid in the in- 
 dictment. I shall briefly mention the evidences 
 and the facts, and the circumstances, that I am 
 instructed to say, they will prove; and it is for 
 you, Gentlemen of the Jury, to judge what in- 
 ferences and conclusions you may draw; I state 
 the nature of the evidences that will be pro- 
 duced, merely for the purpose of your under- 
 standing more satisfactorily the nature of the 
 testimony the witnesses may give; and your 
 verdict will be according to those evidences,
 
 33 
 
 and according to the credit you may give them, 
 of which you are the constitutional judges. 
 
 We shall produce witnesses to prove, that 
 the prisoner at the bar, lived at Rome in the 
 year of our Lord 606; and that he did usurp 
 the title of Universal Bishop, and was known 
 by the name of Pope Boniface III. That he con- 
 tinued to change and alter his name from time 
 to time. That he did arrogate to himself the 
 government of our Lord the King. That he 
 did associate with other false traitors. That he 
 did levy war against our Sovereign. That he 
 did issue out many thousand rebellious procla- 
 mations. That he did with fire and sword put 
 many of his Majesty's loyal subjects to death, 
 in a manner enough to make human nature 
 shudder. That he did counterfeit the hand- 
 writing of our beloved Lord. That he did de- 
 pose Emperors and Kings. That he did abo- 
 lish the laws and constitution of the kingdom of 
 God. And that he did commit treason and re- 
 bellion in every age of the world, from the time 
 he first usurped his treasonable authority. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Jury, we might follow the 
 Prisoner at the bar. from name to name and from 
 century to century, to the present period, and 
 glance at a small share of his history, and there- 
 by give a comparative view of his tragical cruel- 
 ties. But your time is precious, we shall there- 
 fore let the witnesses speak, and doubt not but 
 to prove, that the prisoner is one of the greatest 
 culprits ever brought to the bar. We shall now
 
 34 
 
 call the evidences and shew by them, that the 
 Prisoner at the bar is guilty of the charges laid 
 against him in the indictment. It is for you to 
 decide upon the guilt or innocence of the Pris- 
 oner, as you on your oath, shall be of opinion 
 is agreeable to the case. If the charge is not 
 supported you will of course acquit him. 
 
 Mr. Historical Truth, being called and sworn, 
 was examined by the Attorney General. 
 
 QUEST. Have you been acquainted with 
 Antichrist, the Prisoner at the bar? 
 
 ANSW. Yes. I have known him. for many 
 centuries. He has often employed my pen. 
 
 Q. Where did he live when you knew him? 
 
 A. At the City of Rome in Italy. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect at what period you first 
 became acquainted with him? 
 
 A. I knew him before he claimed the title of 
 Universal Bishop, but from the time he usurped 
 it I have taken particular notice of him. 
 
 Q. In what year did he first assume that title? 
 and what name did he then go by? 
 
 A. In the year of our Lord 606. He was 
 then known by the name of Pope Boniface III. 
 
 Q. Are you acquainted with any circumstan- 
 ces that contribute to the establishment of the 
 Prisoner by that title? 
 
 A. I am. 
 
 Q. Will you briefly state them to the court? 
 
 A. Yes, I recollect well, that for a long time 
 there was much dispute between the Prisoner at 
 the bar, and another person, who went by the
 
 35 
 
 name of the Bishop of Constantinople, about who 
 should have the title and power connected with 
 it, as head of the Church. The Emperor of 
 Rome, Mauritius, with all his family, consisting 
 of six sons and two daughters, being murdered by 
 Phocas, who usurped the Roman Government, 
 and who being sanctioned by the Prisoner, he in 
 return conferred on him the title of Universal 
 Bishop. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect on what pretext the Pri- 
 soner at the bar founded his claim to this title? 
 
 A. On a supposition that the Apostle Peter 
 had been at Rome to found the Church of Rome, 
 as Mother and Mistress of all Churches. And 
 that our Lord the King had delegated him with 
 power to invest his successors with the title of 
 Vicar of Christ, &c. 
 
 Q. Was it from ignorance or wickedness, do 
 you suppose, that the prisoner was first led to 
 arrogate his supremacy. 
 
 A. I do believe that it proceeded from wick- 
 edness. For it never could proceed from ignor- 
 ance as his predecessor Gi egory, w r ho was Bish- 
 op of Rome, had openly declared to the know- 
 ledge of the Prisoner, " That whosoever calls 
 himself, or desires by others to be called Univer- 
 sal Bishop, " is a forerunner of Antichrist." He 
 also knows that he never had been owned by that 
 title before Phocas granted it to him, and he 
 also well knows now that he was not universally 
 acknowledged after his usurpation.
 
 36 
 
 Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble, Counsel 
 for the Prisoner. 
 
 Q. You say that you have been long acquaint- 
 ed with the prisoner, were you intimately ac- 
 quainted with him? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. On your oath, do you or do you not 
 believe, that wiien the Prisoner at the bar first 
 claimed his title, that it never was his intention 
 to aim at further power? 
 
 A. It is probable, that he might not have in- 
 tended to have carried his rebellious arms so far 
 at first, but he soon convinced the world what 
 he would do when he obtained the power. 
 
 Q. Did he not style himself Servant of Ser- 
 vants? 
 
 A. He did, but acted as King of Kings and 
 Lord of Lords. 
 
 PhocaS) the Emperor, examined by the Solicitor 
 General. 
 
 This witness being a prisoner, was brought 
 into the court attended by two of the keepers 
 of the black gulf, and made a most awful and 
 terrific appearence. 
 
 Q. Are you Phocas the Roman Emperor? 
 
 A. Yes. My name is Phocas, and I am call- 
 ed Emperor of Rome. 
 
 Q. Did you know the Prisoner at the bar, 
 at Rome? 
 
 A. Alas I did, to my sorrow.
 
 J 
 
 37 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the court, what you 
 know of the prisoner, during your residence 
 at Rome? 
 
 A. I am compelled to do it by the constrain- 
 ing hand of justice. I look forward with ter- 
 ror, to that great and tremendous day, when 
 the Judge of the world, will constrain me to 
 make a more public declaration. When I 
 came to the throne, which I obtained by means 
 the reflection of which adds to my misery, the 
 prisoner at the bar, then Bishop of Rome, so 
 insinuated himself into my favor, that I read- 
 ily granted his request, and by an edict estab- 
 lished him by the title of Universal Bishop. I 
 was led to this measure by my ignorance of 
 the real motives of the prisoner and of true 
 religion. And as I detested the Bishop of 
 Constantinople, and stood in need of the pri- 
 soner's influence, I sanctioned his claim. 
 
 Q. He was therefore principally by you 
 established in his supremacy? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Cardinal Baronions examined by Mr. Impar- 
 tiality. 
 
 Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar? 
 
 A. Yes. I am intimately acquainted with 
 him, as thousands know by my writings. 
 
 Q. Of what religion are you? 
 
 A. I am a rigid Roman Catholic, and have 
 long acted by the prisoner's authority. 
 
 Q. Are you acquainted with the way and 
 4
 
 manner in which the prisoner first obtained 
 the title of Universal Bishop? 
 
 A. I wrote and published to the world, that 
 Phocas the Emperor, after he had murdered 
 Mauritius and family, and usurped the govern- 
 ment established Boniface III. Pope of Rome, 
 by the title of Universal Bishop. Anastasius 
 and Paul Deacon wrote nearly the same, and 
 many have confirmed the testimony I have 
 given.* 
 
 The Clerk of the Crown then read the follow- 
 ing extracts^ which had the prisoner's signature 
 to them. 
 
 " Christ made Peter the chief, that from him 
 as from a certain head he might diffuse, as it 
 were, his gifts into the whole body; for that 
 having taken him in CONSORTIUM INDIVIDU^E 
 TRINITATIS, into the Partnership of the UNDIVI- 
 DED TRINITY; he would have him called that 
 which the Lord himself was saying, thou art 
 Peter, and upon this Rock I will build my 
 church."t 
 
 Signed, BONIFACE VIII. 
 
 ** Peter saith St. Bernard, walking upon the* 
 waters as Christ did, declared himself the only 
 Vicar of Christ: which should be Ruler, not 
 over one people, but over all. For many wa- 
 ters are many people. And from hence he 
 
 See Anastasius, " De ritas Pontificum." Paul Diacon, " De 
 wbus gestis Longobard." lib. 4. cap. 34. In Mauratorii "Scrip- 
 tor, rerum Italicar." torn. i. p. 46. 
 
 tSexti DecreU L. 1, Tit 6. cap. 17.
 
 deduceth the like authority and jurisdiction, to 
 his Successor the Bishop of Rome." Note oa 
 Matt. 14: 29. Rhemist's New Test, published 
 by the Pope's authority. 
 
 Mr. Historical Truth was then further exam- 
 ined by the Attorney General. 
 
 Q. Are you acquainted with the prisoner's 
 hand-writing? 
 
 A. Perfectly so. 
 
 Q. Do you believe that this is the hand- wri- 
 ting of the prisoner at the bar? 
 
 (The papers were then delivered to him.) 
 
 A. I do believe it is: he never disowned it. 
 Many thousand copies have been published 
 4>y his orders. 
 
 Q. Did you ever know the prisoner to make 
 similar declarations in support of his suprema- 
 cy? 
 
 A. Yes. If I should relate all that I have 
 taken notes of, none in this court could sur- 
 vive half the time it would take to read them. 
 
 Q. Is the prisoner owned as Lord and So- 
 vereign by those who act under him, called 
 Bishops or Priests? 
 
 A. Such take an oath at their consecratipn 
 (so called) that they will from that time for- 
 ward be faithful to St. Peter, and to the Holy 
 Roman Church, and to their Lord the Pope, 
 and his successors canonically entered; to 
 help them to defend and keep the Papacy, and 
 4he rules of the Fathers. And they not only 
 swear to be faithful, but also to,,be obedient*
 
 40 
 
 ' 
 
 And not only to endeavor to preserve and de- 
 fend the Rights, Honors, Privileges, and Au- 
 thorities of the Pope, but to increase and ad- 
 vance them, and to the utmost of their power 
 to cause the Pope's commands to be observed 
 by others as well as themselves. The first part 
 of the oath I have alluded to was framed when 
 the prisoner called himself by the name of 
 Pope Gregory VII.* but several additions have 
 since been made. 
 
 Q. When the prisoner was known by that 
 name, did he not give more evident proof of 
 his rebellious authority, than ever had been 
 known before? 
 
 A. He did. When he was known by the 
 name of Hildebrand, or, as he was often call- 
 ed, Hellbrand, on account of his tyrannical 
 disposition,*he planned the most traitorous de- 
 signs, which he afterwards brought into effect, 
 though not to the extent of his ambitious views. 
 By the name of Gregory VII. he became out- 
 rageous, and impiously attempted to subjugate 
 to his jurisdiction, the Emperors, Kings and 
 Princes of the earth, and to render their do- 
 minions tributary to him at Rome. Such in- 
 famous behavior has frequently been called by 
 his deluded followers his pious and apostolic 
 exploits. His government was one continued 
 scene of tumult and slaughter. 
 
 I need only refer to his own epistles, signed 
 by this name, to prove more of his traitorous 
 
 *See Decretal, L. 2. Tit. 24. C. 4.
 
 conduct than it would be proper for me now 
 to trouble the court with. I shall briefly state, 
 that he drew up an oath for the King or Em- 
 peror of the Romans, from whom he demand- 
 ed a profession of subjection and allegiance.* 
 It is a well known fact, that France, deceived 
 by the subtlety of the prisoner, contributed 
 more than all other nations to the establish^ 
 ment of his dignity and dominions. Yet he 
 pretended that this kingdom was tributary to 
 him, and commanded his legates to demand 
 yearly, in the most solemn manner, the pay- 
 ment of that tribute. He wrote an insolent 
 letter to Philip I. King of France, to whom 
 he recommended an humble and obliging car- 
 riage, from the consideration that both his 
 kingdom and his soul were under his domin- 
 ion, who had the power to bind and loose him 
 both in heaven and earth! Nothing escaped 
 his all-grasping ambition; he pretended that 
 Saxony was a feudal tenure, held in subjection 
 to him, to whom it had been formerly yielded 
 by Charlemagne, as a pious offering to St. Pe- 
 ter. He also extended his pretensions to the 
 kingdoms of Spain and England, and other 
 countries; and had his success been equal to 
 tfhe extent of his insolent views, all the king- 
 Tioms of Europe would have been tributary to 
 the prisoner^ on the pretext of his being the 
 Vicar of Christ, and Prince over all nations 
 and kingdoms. 
 
 *See Book ix. of Ms Epistles, Epist 3 
 4*
 
 42 
 
 Q. Did he not in the exercise of his rebel- 
 lious authority, depose kings and princes when 
 cafled by this name? 
 
 A. He deposed, and treated in the most 
 shameful manner, the Emperor Henry IV. 
 And he dethroned Basilaus II. king of Poland, 
 with all the circumstances of infamy that he 
 could invent. After pulling him from his 
 throne, he dissolved the oath of allegiance 
 which his subjects had taken, and by an ex- 
 press and imperious edict prohibited the nobles 
 to elect a new king without his approbation. 
 Demetrius Suinimez, Duke of Croatia and 
 Dalmatia, was raised by the prisoner to the 
 rank and prerogatives of royalty, in the year 
 1076, and solemnly proclaimed king by his 
 legate at Salona, upon conditions that he 
 should pay an annual tribute of two hundred 
 pieces of gold to him as to St. Peter, at every 
 Easter. 
 
 Q. Did he not call himself by a variety of 
 high and imperious titles? 
 
 A. Yes: he not only assumed the appella- 
 tion of Universal Bishop, but also of Sovereign 
 Pontiff, Christ's Vicar, Prince of the Apostles, 
 God on earth, Lord God the Pope, His Holi- 
 ness, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, Prinoij 
 over all Nations and Kingdoms, the MOST 
 Holy and Most Blessed, Master of the Uni- 
 versal World, Father of Kings, Light of the 
 World, Most High and Sovereign Bishop, Arc.* 
 
 * See Council of Siena, printed at Paris 1612. Pius V. bull to 
 Queen Elizabeth. Newton on the Prophecies, vol. ii. p. 366. 
 Mosh. Eccl. Hist. Edwards 1 Hist. Redemption, &c.
 
 43 
 
 And he has frequently declared that his 
 power extended to things Terrestrial, Celestial 
 and Infernal. He also presumed to qualify 
 and invest with the same ability, the different 
 orders of Priests who acted under his rebelli- 
 ous government. 
 
 Q. Has not the prisoner at the bar claimed 
 adoration from the very creatures who elected 
 him? 
 
 A. He has; when he was occasionally elect- 
 ed he was clothed with (what are called) the 
 Pontifical Robes, crowned and placed upon 
 the altar. The Cardinals then kiss his feet^ 
 and this impious ceremony is called Adoration. 
 They first elect, and then they worship him. 
 When the prisoner was known by the name 
 of Pope Martin V. on the medals of him then 
 coined, two are represented crowning the 
 Pope, and tw r o kneeling before him, with this 
 inscription, " Quern creant adorant" whom 
 they create they adore.* When he was elect- 
 ed by this name, the Emperor Sigismund kneel- 
 ed down before the whole Council of Constance, 
 kissed his feet, and worshipped him. It is a 
 fact universally known, that deluded by the 
 ifices of the prisoner, several emperors and 
 ings have thought it an honor to kiss his toe, 
 
 ing misled by his assumed titles of Vicar of 
 Christ, &c. 
 
 *Bonanni Numismat. 'Pontific. Romanor. Daubuz, p. 381. 
 Mosh. Abr. Eccl. Hist. 2 vol. p. 352. Dub. Edit
 
 44 
 
 
 
 Cross-examined by Mr. Eguivocator. 
 
 Q. You say that the prisoner at the bar was 
 elected by the Cardinals who adored him? 
 
 A. I do say that he was so elected; and 
 that they did adore him. 
 
 Q. Did you not say before, that he usurped 
 the title, and engaged Phocas the Emperor to 
 establish him in his government? 
 
 A. I did, and I assert the same now. The 
 prisoner first obtained his supremacy in the 
 way before stated to the court; but afterwards 
 procured himself to be elected and crowned by 
 those who were deeply interested in the estab- 
 lishment of hi^authority. He was therefore 
 often elected by different means. And as often 
 as he changed his name some ceremony took 
 place. 
 
 Q. Then you say, that the ceremony or 
 mode of his election, which you have stated, 
 has existed among a variety of others, but you 
 cannot say when this form was in practice? 
 You have heard some report about it, and you 
 have no objection on your oath to assert it! 
 
 A. I can not only declare on my oath, that 
 this mode of election has been adopted, but I 
 have the prisoner's own hand- writing to prove 
 it. In the year of our Lord 1179, he asseni|j. 
 bled a Council at Rome, called The thir9 
 Council of the Lateran. He then, by the name 
 of Pope Alexander III. decreed, " That in or- 
 " der to put an end to the confusion and dis- 
 " sentions which so often accompanied the
 
 45 
 
 " election of the Roman Pontiff, the right of 
 " election should not only be vested in the Car- 
 " dinals alone; but also, that the person in 
 " whose favor two thirds of the College of Car- 
 
 ^ 
 
 " dinals voted, shall be considered as the law- 
 " ful, and duly elected Pontiff." This decree 
 alone is sufficient to prove, that before the year 
 1179, other forms of election did exist, and 
 that they were frequently accompanied with 
 confusion and disorder. And I believe that 
 the prisoner himself will not contradict what 
 I say, when I assert that this law was made by 
 him, and is yet in force. 
 
 The decree being shown to the prisoner, he 
 acknowledged that it looked like one which he 
 had framed at Rome. 
 
 Here the Clerk of the Court read the follow- 
 ing paper, written and published by the priso- 
 ner, by the name of Pope Innocent III.* 
 
 " We may according to the fulness of our 
 " power, dispose of the law, and dispense 
 "above the law. (From an Epistle.) Those 
 " whom the Bishop of Rome doth separate, it 
 " is not a man that separateth them but GOD! 
 "For the Pope holdeth place on earth, not 
 " simply of a man, but of TRUE GOD! That 
 " HE hath celestial governments, and therefore 
 " may change the nature of things, applying 
 " the substance of the one to the other, of no- 
 " thing can create something, and a decree that 
 " is void, he can make it in force; for in mat- 
 
 * 1 Book of Gregory, 9 Decret C, 3,
 
 46 
 
 ** ters that he will have come to pass, his will 
 " is his reason: and no man questioneth him, 
 " Wherefore do you that? For he can dispense 
 *' above the law, and of injustice, can make 
 "justice" 
 
 Cardinal Bellarmine, Sworn. 
 
 Q. Are you the BeUaimine that wrote what 
 is called the Fifteen Marks of the True Church, 
 to prove the Church of Rome the only true 
 Church, &c.? 
 
 A. I am. 
 
 Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar? 
 
 A. Yes, I am intimately acquainted with him. 
 
 Q. Are you not a Roman Catholic by pro- 
 fession? 
 
 A. I am. 
 
 Q. Did you not write and publish several 
 books to vindicate his authority? 
 
 A. I did. 
 
 Q. Did you publish in your 4th book de 
 Pontiff, as follows: " In good sense and judg- 
 ** ment, Christ hath given to Peter, (and con- 
 " sequently to the Pope) the power of making 
 " that to be sin, which is no sin, and that which 
 * 4 is no sin to be sin?" 
 
 A. Let me see the copy. 
 
 It was shewn to him. 
 
 Q. Do you acknowledge it to be your own 
 writing and publishing? 
 
 A. I do acknowledge it. 
 
 Q. Did you publish this book, with others, 
 by the prisoner's authority?
 
 47 
 
 A. I did. I acted by his commission, and 
 was supported by his government. 
 
 A number of Emperors, Kings and Princes 
 were now called as witnesses, who were either 
 excommunicated, deposed, dethroned, or as- 
 sassinated by the prisoner. Some appeared 
 also who were otherwise treated. And perhaps 
 a greater number of crowned heads never ap- 
 peared in any Court before. 
 
 Philipicus Bardanes, Emperor of the Greeks, 
 Sworn. 
 
 Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar. 
 
 A. I do. He lived at Rome when I knew 
 him. 
 
 Q Did he ever presume to usurp any autho- 
 rity, as the Vicar of Christ? 
 
 A. He did; within a little better than a cen- 
 tury, after he first obtained the title of Univer- 
 sal Bishop, he excommunicated and condemn- 
 ed me. 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the court, the pretext 
 assigned by the prisoner for his conduct to 
 you? 
 
 A. I ordered a picture, which represented 
 the VI. General Council to be pulled down 
 from its place, in the Church called St. Sophia 
 in Constantinople. And as I perceived the 
 people fast verging to the worship of images, 
 I sent to Rome a mandate, to remove all ima- 
 ges of that nature from places of worship. 
 The prisoner, who then went by the name of
 
 48 
 
 t*- 
 
 Constantine the Universal Bishop, immediate- 
 ly opposed my decree, ordered six pictures of 
 Councils to be placed up in the porch of St. 
 Peter's, assembled a Council at Rome, and 
 condemned me as an Apostate. Tumults 
 and insurrections followed as the consequence, 
 which the year following deprived me of the 
 Imperial Throne. 
 
 Q. Was the prisoner at the time he con- 
 demned you, established as a temporal Prince 
 at Rome? 
 
 A. No, he was not. But from the time he 
 obtained his supremacy, he always appeared 
 to be aspiring after it. He was subject to me 
 as his Emperor. 
 
 Emperor Leo, the Isaurian, Sworn. 
 
 Q. Did you not profess to be a great enemy 
 to the worship of images. 
 
 A. I did. What the Emperor Bardanes be- 
 gun I resolutely carried on. 
 
 Q. Did the prisoner at the bar ever pre- 
 sume to counteract your edicts, and exercise 
 authority over you, as the Vicar of Christ? 
 
 A. He did. I issued out an edict in the year 
 726, to forbid the worshipping of images, and 
 also to remove them all, except that of Christ's 
 Crucifixion, from all places of worship. The 
 prisoner then opposed me in the most out- 
 rageous manner. He passed a sentence of Ex- 
 communication against me and declared me 
 unworthy of the Christian name. No sooner
 
 49 
 
 was this formidable sentence made public, 
 than the Roman and other Italian Princes, 
 subject to me, violated their allegiance, and 
 rising in arms, either massacred or banished 
 all my deputies or ollicers. 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the Court some of 
 the effects that followed? 
 
 A. When I first proclaimed my decree, a 
 number of my subjects, who were deluded by 
 the Priests and Monks, who acted for him, 
 rose in rebellion in the islands of Archipo- 
 lago, ravaged a part of Asia, and afterwards 
 reached Italy. The prisoner (who was the 
 author and ringleader of these civil commo- 
 tions and insurrections,) had ordered me to re- 
 voke .my edict against images, and upon my 
 refusing, his anathemas followed. However, 
 being exasperated by these violent proceedings 
 of this haughty Pontiff, I resolved to make 
 him and his Italian rebels feel my displeasure; 
 but I failed in the attempt. More irritated 
 than discouraged by this disappointment, I 
 assembled a Council at Constantinople, order- 
 ed all images to be burnt, and inflicted a 
 variety of punishments upon such as were at- 
 tached to that idolatrous worship. The de- 
 luded followers of the prisoner, being sup- 
 ported by him, continued to rebel. And at 
 last it ended, after much blood being spilt, in 
 the Italian provinces being torn from the 
 Greek Empire.
 
 50 
 
 Q. What name did the prisoner go by when 
 
 B knew him? 
 
 A. He wa then known by the name of 
 Constantino, afterwards he assumed that of 
 Gregory I. and Gregory D. 
 
 Emperor Constantino sworn. 
 
 Q. In what year did you succeed to the Im- 
 perial Throne? 
 
 A. In the year of our Lord 741. I am the 
 sen of Leo, who resigned his sceptre to me, 
 
 Q. Are you acquainted with the conduct 
 manifested by the prisoner at the bar to your 
 father, and did he presume to treat you in 
 me same manner? 
 
 A. I recollect his base conduct to my father- 
 He was excommunicated; all his subjects in 
 Italy were absobred from the obligations of 
 the oath of allegiance which they had taken, 
 and prohibited from paying tribute to. or 
 ving him any marks of submission and 
 obedience. I followed my father's steps, and 
 in , a Council assembled at Constantinople, in 
 tijp year 754, condemned both the worship, 
 and use of images. I met with the same 
 treatment from the prisoner as my father did, 
 while I indeavored to the utmost of my pow- 
 er, to extirpate idolatry from my dominions. 
 
 Q. Did the prisoner excommunicate YOU by 
 the same name he did your father. 
 
 A. His ecclesiastical interdict was sent
 
 51 
 
 forth, first by the name of Gregory EL. And 
 afterwards Gregory HI. 
 
 Emperor Leo IV. 
 
 Q. Look at the prisoner at the bar. Do 
 you know him, and by what name do you 
 know him? 
 
 A. I do know him. He lived at Rome, 
 and was known by the name of Pope Adrian. 
 
 Q. In what year were you declared Em- 
 peror? 
 
 A. In the year 755. 
 
 Q. Did you continue long on the Imperial 
 Throne? 
 
 A. No. Only about tlireo years. Tm>ee 
 Emperors Trho preceded me had zealously 
 opposed image worship, and I followed their 
 example. But a cup of poison, administered 
 by the impious council of my perfidious and 
 profligate wife, Irene, rendered me incapable 
 of performing the functions of royalty. The 
 prisoner and my wife Jjerceiving me disquali- 
 fied to govern the Empire, as I was consid- 
 ered dead; they entered into an affiance, "to 
 abrogate all the imperial laws against idolatry. 
 They summoned a council at Nice in Bithy- 
 nia, restored the worship of images, and de- 
 nounced severe punishments against such its 
 maintained that God was the only object of 
 religious worship. The other enormities of 
 the flagitious Irene, and her deserved jfate, I 
 need not state to the Court.
 
 52 
 
 Childcric, King of France, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar, under 
 pretext that he was Christ's Vicar, depose you 
 and place another person on your throne? 
 
 A. He did. In the year 751, when he 
 called himself Pope Zachary I., Vicar of 
 Christ, &c. 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the Court some of the 
 leading particulars of that transaction? 
 
 A. In the year I before noticed, one Pepin 
 who was mayor, aspired to the throne, and in 
 an assembly by him collected, proposed the 
 design of dethroning his sovereign. It was 
 then agreed, that the Roman Pontiff should 
 be first consulted, and accordingly an am- 
 bassador was sent by Pepin to Rome, with 
 the following question: "Whether the divine 
 " law, did not permit a valiant and warlike 
 " people to dethrone a pusillanimous and in- 
 " dolent monarch, who was incapable of dis- 
 " charging any of the functions of royalty, 
 " and to substitute in his place, one more 
 " worthy to rule, and who had already render- 
 " ed most important services to the state?"* 
 The prisoner then decreed Pepin to be King 
 of France, and as soon as the decision of the 
 Pope was published in France, I was stript 
 of royalty, Pepin ascended the throne, and 
 was anointed by his Legate at Soissons. 
 Soon after this the prisoner assumed the title 
 
 *See ' Bossuet Defens. declaralionis Cleri Gallicani, 1 Part I, 
 p. 225, &c, Mosh. Eccl. Hist.
 
 of Pope Stephen II. when he came into France 
 to solicit assistance to fight against the Lom- 
 bards. He then dissolved the obligation of the 
 oath of allegiance, that Pepin had sworn to 
 me, and which he had riolated by his usur- 
 pation. And to render his crown pretendedly 
 sacred, he anointed him a second time, with 
 his wife and two sons. Pepin in return, 
 fought for the prisoner with a numerous army 
 against the Lombards, and in the year fol- 
 io wing established him as a temporal prince. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect hi what year the pri- 
 soner came into France and anointed Pepin? 
 
 A. In the year 754. 
 
 Q. Then he never was properly established 
 as a temporal Prince till the year of our Lord 
 755: And he obtained both his spiritual and 
 temporal authority, it appears, by usurpers 
 like himself? 
 
 A. He never was owned as a temporal 
 Prince till the year 755, and after that he car- 
 ried two swords, to signify both his terrestrial 
 and celestial power, which he had blended 
 together. 
 
 Henry IV. Emperor, sworn. 
 
 Q. Have you any knowledge of the prison^ 
 er at the bar? 
 
 A. I have. I have reason to Icnow him; 
 and so have many thousands. When I knew 
 him he was called Pope Gregory VII. 
 5*
 
 54 
 
 Q. What authority did he arrogate over 
 you as Christ's Vicegerent on Earth? 
 
 A. He claimed the power of appointing all 
 persons to ecclesiastical dignities, while my 
 subjects were to support them within my em- 
 pire, at a very heavy expense. From a pre- 
 vailing custom Emperors and Kings had long 
 considered themselves empowered to act inde- 
 pendently in this case, and appoint whom they 
 thought proper. I refused to give up my right 
 as Emperor and he persisted in the most inso- 
 lent manner to demand my submission. Had 
 the German Princes seconded my claim, it is 
 more than probable, he would have been com- 
 pelled to desist from his demands. But as 
 nearly all Germany were then his devoted 
 slaves, and civil discord divided the Empire, 
 the imperious Pontiff ordered me to repair to 
 Rome immediately, and clear myself of various 
 crimes laid to my charge. 
 
 T absolutely refused to obey his summons, 
 but assembled a Council of German Bishops at 
 Worms. Before this Council the prisoner 
 was charged justly, with several flagitious 
 practices, deposed from his Pontificate, of 
 which he was declared unworthy. He no 
 sooner received information of what was done 
 at Worms, but with all the violence possible, 
 he thundered out his Anathemas on my head, 
 to exclude me from the Throne, and absolve 
 all my subjects from their oath of allegiance to 
 me, as their lawful sovereign. This he did m
 
 55 
 
 the name of the Vicar of Christ and Prince 
 over all Nations, and no terms are sufficient to 
 express the complicated scenes of misery that 
 arose through the war which then took place, 
 between the Civil and Ecclesiastical powers. 
 
 The Suabian chiefs, with Duke Rodolph at 
 their head, then revolted from me; and the 
 Saxon Princes followed their example. These 
 united Powers were requested by the prisoner 
 to elect a new Emperor; and accordingly they 
 met at Tribur in the year 1076, to take coun- 
 cil together. The result of this meeting was, 
 the case being referred to the prisoner, he was 
 to be invited to a Congress at Augsburgh. To 
 various rigorous conditions imposed on me 
 they added, that I must forfeit the Kingdom, if 
 within the space of a year I was not restored 
 to the bosom of the Church, and delivered from 
 the Anathemas that lay on my head. 
 
 When things came to this extremity, and 
 grew worse and worse every day, I was ad- 
 vised to go into Italy and implore in person, 
 the clemency of the Roman Pontiff. I yielded 
 to the ignominious counsel, passed the Alps 
 amidst the rigor of a severe winter, and arri- 
 ved in the month of February, 1077. Imme- 
 diately I repaired to the fortress of Canusium, 
 where the prisoner, as the pretended sancti- 
 monious Vicar of Christ, at that time resided, 
 with a young woman named Matilda, Countess 
 of Tuscany, and the most powerful patroness 
 of bis church. At the entrance of this fortress
 
 56 
 
 I stood three days in the open air, without the 
 least regard paid by the prisoner to my situa- 
 tion. My feet were bare, my head uncovered, 
 and my only raiment was a wretched piece of 
 coarse woollen cloth, which was thrown over 
 my body to cover my nakedness. 
 
 On the fourth day I was admitted into the 
 presence of the lordly Pontiff, who with much 
 difficulty granted me absolution, but he refused 
 to restore me to the throne till the congress met. 
 After this my eyes being enlightened to disco- 
 ver much of his wickedness, I opposed him 
 with force of arms to the utmost of my power. 
 I therefore was, by him excommunicated a se- 
 cond time, and Rodolph was declared lawful 
 Emperor. My arms however were yet victo- 
 rious; I slew Rodolph in battle and took the 
 Pope prisoner. But being betrayed by my 
 own son, I was compelled to resign my crown. 
 
 Basilaus II. King of Poland, sworn. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect the prisoner at the bar? 
 
 A. I do very well. 
 
 Q. What name do you know him by? 
 
 A. By the name of Pope Gregory VII. 
 
 Q. Did he ever presume to usurp authority 
 over you in Poland? 
 
 A. He did. I was legally elected to the 
 throne by the Nobles of Poland, and as regu- 
 larly crowned. But some time after, through 
 the death of one of his Bishops, the prisoner 
 not only excommunicated me with all the cir-
 
 57 
 
 cumstances of infamy that he could invent, but 
 also hurled me from the throne, dissolved the 
 oath of allegiance which my subjects had ta- 
 ken, and by an express and imperious edict, 
 prohibited the Nobles and Clergy of Poland 
 from electing a new King without his con- 
 sent.* 
 
 Leopold, Duke of Austria, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar excom- 
 municate and anathematize you, claiming that 
 authority as Christ's Vicegerent on earth? 
 
 A. He did; he assumed the same power 
 over me as over all princes, arrogating to 
 himself this authority as the Vicar of Christ. 
 
 Q. What name did he go by when you 
 knew him? 
 
 A. By the name of Pope Celestine HI. he 
 went by that name, almost at the close of the 
 twelfth century. 
 
 Henry VI. Emperor, sworn. 
 
 Q. Were you not excommunicated and con- 
 demned by the prisoner, at the same time with 
 Leopold, Duke of Austria? 
 
 A. I was. The prisoner at the bar had sent 
 Richard I. King of England, to fight for him 
 in the Holy Land. But on his returning home, 
 Leopold and I seized and made him prisoner, 
 The consequence was, that we were both ex- 
 communicated together. 
 
 See DlugoBsi, Hist. Polon. torn, 1. p, 995,
 
 58 
 
 Q. Did he do it in the name of the Vicar of 
 Christ? 
 A. He did. 
 
 Atphonso X. King of Galicia and Leon, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar excom- 
 municate and anathematize you, by the name 
 of Pope Celestine III? 
 
 A. He [did; it was on account of a marri- 
 age, into which I had entered. 
 
 John, King of England, sworn. 
 
 Q. Of what religion are you? 
 
 A. I have long professed the Roman Catho- 
 lic religion, though I have differed much from 
 the prisoner on account of his base conduct 
 towards me. 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the Court what you 
 know of the prisoner's assumed authority 
 over you, as the Vicar of Christ, &c.? 
 
 A. When I knew the prisoner he went by 
 the name of Pope Innocent III. At that time 
 he ordered the Monks of Canterbury to choose 
 one Stephen Langton, a cardinal, to be Arch- 
 bishop, after a regular election had been made 
 by the Convent and confirmed by me. I ob- 
 jected to his being received, and wrote to the 
 prisoner, informing him of the consequences, 
 in case he persisted in his demand. He then 
 sent orders to some of his Bishops to lay the 
 kingdom under an interdict, unless I received 
 Langton. Such was my ignorance of real
 
 religion and the deluded -state of Europe, that 
 I was unwilling to break off entirely ray con- 
 nexion with him. I therefore agreed to con- 
 firm the election made at Rome, but not ma- 
 king such concessions as the prisoner de- 
 manded, the interdict was proclaimed, all the 
 places of worship were shut up for three years, 
 and the dead buried in the highways, with- 
 out the ordinary rites of interment. 
 
 This not producing the desired effect, he 
 denounced a sentence of excommunication 
 against me in the year 1208. This was fol- 
 lowed about three years after, by another 
 Bull, absolving all my subjects from their oath 
 of allegiance, and ordering all persons to 
 avoid me on pain of the same displeasure. But 
 in the year 1212, he assembled a Council of 
 his Cardinals and Prelates, deposed me, and 
 declared the throne of England vacant, 
 He then wrote to the King of France to under- 
 take the conquest of Britain, and unite it to his 
 for ever. At the same time he sent out anoth- 
 er Bull, exhorting all Christian Princes to 
 second the expedition, promising all who did, 
 the same Indulgence he had granted for fight- 
 ing against the infidels. 
 
 The French Monarch obeyed the prisoner, 
 and collected a large army for the invasion, 
 while I did all I could to repel it. But when 
 at Dover, I met his artful legate, he so terrifi- 
 ed me, by the report he gave me of the 
 strength of the French army, and the disaf-
 
 60 
 
 fection of my own, that I agreed to a shameful 
 submission, and resigned my crown to the 
 legate. I then took an oath of obedience, 
 and delivered up my kingdom to the Papal 
 jurisdiction. I was also obliged to promise, 
 for myself and heirs, to pay an annual sum 
 of seven hundred marks for England, and 
 three hundred marks for Ireland, and that in 
 case any of my successors should refuse to own 
 the Pope's supremacy over England, or should 
 object to pay the submission then required, 
 they should forfeit their right to the British 
 crown. In doing homage to the Pope, before 
 his representative, the legate, I presented a 
 large sum of money, which he trampled, with 
 all the arrogance possible, under his feet, as a 
 mark of my dependence; but not satisfied with 
 this, he retained my crown and sceptre five 
 days, and then gave them to me, as a special 
 gift from the prisoner, then called his Holiness 
 Sie Pope of Rome. 
 
 Cross-examined by Mr. Jesuit. 
 
 Q. Did you not publicly declare, when you 
 signed the conditions on which you received 
 the crown, that you had neither been compell- 
 ed to this measure, by fear or by force, but 
 that it was your own voluntary act, done by 
 the advice of the Barons of the Kingdom? 
 
 A. I acknowledge I did sign such a declara- 
 tion, but my long resistance proves it was 
 never my voluntary act. The Barons also
 
 61 
 
 despised me for what I did. But such was the 
 confused state of things in England, that I 
 was glad to sign any thing. 
 
 Philip, Duke of Sudbia, sworn. 
 
 Q. Was there riot a dispute between you 
 and Otho IV. respecting the right to the Em- 
 pire of Germany? And did not the prisoner at 
 the bar interfere on this occasion, arrogating 
 to himself authority, as Vicar of Christ, and 
 Sovereign of the World? 
 
 A. There was such a dispute, and the pris- 
 oner did presume to settle the same as Vicar 
 of Christ on Earth. He therefore thundered 
 out his excommunications against me, and 
 espoused the cause of Otho. 
 
 Q. What name did he go by then? 
 
 A. Pope Innocent III. 
 
 Otho IV. Emperor, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did the prisoner at the bar justify your 
 claim and establish you as an Emperor of 
 Germany, in opposition to Philip? 
 
 A. Yes. He sanctioned my claim and 
 supported it, till the death of Philip, which 
 happened in the year 1209, after which he 
 excommunicated and deposed me and placed 
 on the imperial throne, Frederic II. my pupil, 
 in the year 1212. The prisoner then went by 
 the name of Pope Innocent III. 
 6
 
 ear 
 
 PhiKp Augustus, King of France, sworn* 
 
 Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar, 
 and by what najfue was he called when you 
 knew him? 
 
 A. I knew him well. He went by the 
 name of Pope Innocent III. 
 
 Q. Were you not anathematized and ex- 
 communicated by him? 
 
 A. I was, for a divorce from Ingerburg, a 
 %tg ^_ Princess of Denmark*- 
 
 Frederic II. Emperor, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did you not take a very active part in 
 the wars in Palestine, known by the name of 
 tile Crusades? 
 
 A. Yes. I had the command of an army 
 given to me by the prisoner at the bar, when 
 he went by the name of Pope Gregory IX. I 
 set-- out en the expedition, in the year 1228* 
 and was crowned King of Jerusalem. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner excommunicate 
 you, under the pretext of disobedience to his 
 authority as Vicar of Christ? 
 
 A. He did, by different names. First, 
 when he assumed the title of Pope Gregory 
 IX. because I delayed to go on his expedition; 
 which bull was drawn up in the most indecent 
 and outrageous language. But I was so de- 
 voted to the service of the prisoner, that I 
 set out, and arrived with a large army in the 
 Holy Land, in the year 1228. But how 
 great was my surprise when I heard, that
 
 63 
 
 after my departure, this pretended Vicar of 
 Christ, had made war against me in Apulia, 
 and was using his utmost efforts to arm all the 
 European powers to join him. As soon as I 
 heard of these perfidious and violent pro- 
 ceedings, T returned to Europe in the year- 
 1229, defeated the Papal army and retook the 
 places I had lost in Sicily and Italy. After 
 this I was induced to make peace with the 
 prisoner, and he gave me public absolution. 
 
 This peace, however, was but of a short 
 duration; for it was not possible that I coukl 
 long bear the insolent proceedings, and the 
 Imperious temper of this headstrong pontiff. 
 I broke therefore all alliance with him and 
 was no longer considered friendly to his am- 
 bitious authority. This with other steps, 
 that were equally provoking to his avarice and 
 ambition, drew the thunders of the Vatican 
 anew upon my head, in the year 1239. He 
 therefore excommunicated me publicly, with 
 all the circumstances of severity that vindictive 
 xage could invent and I was charged with the 
 most flagitious crimes and impious blasphe- 
 mies, by the outrageous pontiff. He then 
 sent a copy of this terrible accusation to all 
 the courts of Europe, while my victorious 
 arms maintained my ground and reduced him 
 to the greatest straits. 
 
 To get rid of these difficulties, under 
 which the prisoner labored through his am- 
 iiition { he convened in ihe year 1240, a general
 
 council at Rome, with a view to depose me 
 by the unanimous suffrages of his Cardinals 
 and Prelates, that were to compose that 
 assembly. But I disconcerted that audacious 
 project by defeating, in the year 1241, a 
 Genoese fleet; on board of which the greatest 
 part of these Prelates were embarked. I com- 
 mitted to confinement these reverend Fathers, 
 seized all their treasures, w r hich disappoint- 
 ment, attended with others, so dejected the 
 prisoner, that he changed his name to that of 
 Celestine IV. 
 
 He had scarcely assumed this new title, 
 before he claimed another, that of Pope Inno- 
 cent IV. but although he had altered his ap- 
 pellation, his arrogance and fury remained the 
 same. However, by this new name, he pro- 
 posed terms of peace, but they were too im- 
 perious and extravagant, not to be rejected 
 with indignation. The prisoner, not thinking 
 his person safe in any part of Italy, set out 
 for Genoa, and afterwards for Lyons, in the 
 year 1244. Here he assembled a council 
 the following year, when he deposed me, and 
 declared the imperial throne vacant. 
 
 This unjust and insolent measure was re- 
 garded with such veneration, and looked upon 
 as so weighty by the German Princes, who 
 were blinded and seduced by the superstition 
 of the times, that they proceeded instantly to 
 a new election. Henry, Landgrave of Thu- 
 ringia, was therefore first elected, and after
 
 his death William, Count of Holland, to 'the 
 head of the Empire. Far from being dejected 
 by these cruel vicissitudes, I continued to 
 carry on the war in Italy, and oppose the pri- 
 soner to the utmost of my power, until a vio- 
 lent dysentery disabled me from taking the 
 command of the army, on the 13th of Decem- 
 ber, 1250, in Apulia. 
 
 Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble. 
 
 Q. You say, that Innocent IV. proposed 
 conditions of peace, that were too imperious 
 for you to submit to? Do you know what they 
 were? 
 
 A. Yes, I certainly do, very well. 
 
 Q. What were they? 
 
 A. The preliminary conditions were, First, 
 That I should give up entirely to the Church, 
 the inheritance which was left to it by Matil- 
 da: And Secondly, That I should oblige my- 
 self to submit to whatever terms the Pope, or 
 prisoner at the bar, should think fit to propose, 
 as conditions of peace. 
 
 Philip, King of France^ sworn* 
 Q. What name did the prisoner at the bar 
 assume when you knew him? 
 
 A. Several. I knew him when he was called 
 Pope Boniface VIII. Pope Benedict XL and 
 Pope Clement V. 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the court what you 
 knew of him in France, during your reign? 
 
 6*
 
 66 
 
 A. About the beginning of the fourteenth 
 century, when the prisoner was known by the 
 title of Pope Boniface VIII. he sent me one of 
 the haughtiest letters imaginable, in which he 
 asserted that I, with all other Kings and 
 Princes whatever, were obliged by a divine 
 command, to submit to the authority of the 
 Pope, in all political and civil matters, as well 
 as religious. I answered him in terms expres- 
 sive of contempt. He rejoined with more ar- 
 rogance than ever, and in that famous bull, 
 Unam Sanctam, which he puplished at this 
 time, he asserted, that Christ Jesus had grant- 
 ed a two-fold power to the Church, or the 
 -spiritual and temporal sword to him. And 
 also, that he had subjected the whole human 
 race to his authority, as Roman Pontiff, and 
 that whoever dared to disbelieve it, were to be 
 deemed heretics, and stood excluded from all 
 possibility of salvation.* And he maintained, 
 in express terms, that the Universal Church 
 was under his dominions; and that Princes 
 and Lay-patrons, Councils and Chapters, had 
 no more power in spiritual things than what 
 they derived from him as Vicar of Christ. 
 
 I then assembled together the Peers of 
 France, in the year 1303. And although se- 
 veral Princes had failed in the attempt to check 
 his ambition, I resolved to try. I ordered 
 William de Nogaret, a celebrated lawyer, to 
 
 This Bull is yet extant in the Corpus Juris Canon. Extrava- 
 g&ns Com. Lib. i. tit. De majoritate et obedientio.
 
 67 
 
 draw up accusations against him, publicly 
 charging him with heresies, simony, and many 
 vices, demanding a Council to depose such an 
 execrable Pope. Immediately after this he 
 excommunicated me and all my adherents. 
 
 Far from being terrified by any papal thun- 
 der, I again assembled the states of the king- 
 dom, to sit hi judgment upon him. After 
 which I sent William de J^ogaret, the lawyer, 
 to seize him and bring him a prisoner to Ly- 
 ons. Boniface, who then lived in perfect se- 
 curity at Anagni, was taken agreeable to 
 order, by this resolute man; but being rescued 
 by the inhabitants, he soon changed his name, 
 through the illness, occasioned by the rage 
 into which the lawyer had thrown him. 
 
 Empetor Sigismond, sworn. 
 
 Q. Do you not profess the Roman Cath- 
 olic Religion? 
 
 A. I have long professed to be a Roman 
 Catholic, and I confess I have been so deluded, 
 that I have even worshipped the prisoner at 
 the bar. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect attending a rebellious 
 convention, called the Council of Constance, 
 convened by the prisoner? 
 
 A. I do. It was at Constance, was open- 
 ed in the year 1414, and sat about three years 
 and a half. . 
 
 Q. Do you know the reason assigned for 
 calling this Council?
 
 68 
 
 A. I do. It was to heal the divisions 
 which had long rent the church. But there 
 were others. 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the court, some of 
 the principal disorders that were then thought 
 to require a remedy? 
 
 A. I Will. When I came to the imperial 
 throne, I found the Church called after the 
 name of the prisoner, divided into two great 
 factions, and was governed by two who pro- 
 fessed to be the Pontiff and Vicar of Christ. 
 The prisoner, then at Rome, went by the name 
 of Pope Boniface IX. and the other who resi- 
 ded at Avignon by that of Pope Benedict XIII. 
 Soon after this, the prisoner assumed a new 
 title, that of Pope Innocent VII. and in 
 about two years after another, and was called 
 Pope Gregory XII. Benedict being besieged 
 in Avignon, by the King of France, escaped 
 first to Catalonia and afterwards to Perpignan, 
 but did not relinquish his pretensions to the 
 Popedom. 
 
 A plan of reconciliation was however form- 
 ed and the two contending Pontiffs bound 
 themselves, each by an oath, to make a vol- 
 untary renunciation of the papal chair, if ne- 
 cessary for the peace and welfare of the 
 church. This agreement they violated in the 
 most scandalous manner. Eight or nine Car- 
 dinals deserted Benedict, on account of his 
 place of residence, and united themselves to 
 the others who espoused the claim of the pris-
 
 69 
 
 oner, when they agreed to assemble a council 
 in Pisa, on the 25th of March, 1409. This as- 
 sembly accordingly met, on the 5th of June, 
 pronounced a heavy sentence of condemnation 
 on both their names, for being guilty of her- 
 esy, perjury and various other crimes. They 
 also declared them unworthy of the smallest 
 honor or respect. 
 
 But however strange it may appear to the 
 Court, they proceeded to elect the prisoner, 
 by a new title known in the papal list, by the 
 name of Pope Alexander V. which so far from 
 promoting peace in the Empire, divided the 
 people into three divisions and hurled all Eu- 
 rope into confusion. The King of France 
 and several other Princes labored with me 
 to restore tranquillity; I requested the prisoner 
 to call a council, who having in about a year, 
 assumed the appellation of Pope John XIII. 
 he consented, and accordingly issued out his 
 summons to meet at Constance in the month 
 of November, 1414- 
 
 Before the meeting of this council, there were 
 great commotions in several parts of Europe, 
 but more especially in Bohemia, about re- 
 ligion. There was one John Huss, once a 
 Priest under the prisoner, and Professor of 
 Divinity in the University of Prague, who 
 preached with great freedon against the su- 
 premacy, government, vices and wickedness 
 of the prisoner and his Clergy, against whom
 
 70 
 
 he manifested the firmest opposition. He 
 was a man of the highest reputation for the 
 purity of his doctrine and life, so that no other 
 charge could be brought to oppose him but 
 his opposition to the prisoner's authority. 
 The Archbishop of Prague and the Clergy in 
 general were so greatly incensed, that they 
 brought an accusation against him before the 
 prisoner and he was excommunicated in the 
 year 1410. 
 
 Huss, however, continued to preach in the 
 same manner and many embracing his doc- 
 trine, he was ordered to repair to the Council 
 at Constance, to answer to the charges 
 brought against him. I knew well that his 
 appearance would be attended with danger 
 to his person, as I was confident that he had 
 many enemies to encounter with. I there- 
 fore granted him a safe conduct to Constance, 
 security while he continued there and every 
 protection on his return, on his consenting to 
 attend; all of which I promised in the most 
 solemn manner. He obeyed the summons 
 and vindicated his conduct before the Council 
 in a manner that greatly surprised his adver- 
 saries. But, he was declared to be an heretic, 
 was cast into prison, and condemned to be 
 burnt. I pleaded my solemn promise to se- 
 cure him from injury, but it was over-ruled: 
 when, to satisfy my guilty conscience, and 
 remove every impediment out of the way in
 
 71 
 
 future, a law was framed, that Faith must not 
 be kept with heretics* He was therefore burnt 
 on the 6th of July, 1415. 
 
 Q. Was there not another also condemned 
 by the same Council and burnt at the same 
 place? 
 
 A. Yes. His name was Jerome of Prague, 
 John Huss's companion and friend, who ac- 
 companied him to Constance, with the design 
 of supporting his persecuted friend. He was 
 burnt on the 30th of May following. 
 
 Q. Did you violate your oath, because that 
 Council, or rebellious Convention, formed that 
 infamous decree, in the name of the Vicar of 
 Christ? 
 
 A. I confess I was awfully deluded. I 
 knew nothing of the laws and statutes of the 
 Sovereign of heaven. They were hid by his 
 Priests from me. Could I only have seen 
 the consequences that followed, it is more than 
 probable I should never have violated my 
 promise, as a civil war was kindled, and the 
 Bohemians revolting, maintained and defended 
 their opinions, by arms as well as arguments. 
 
 Q. As you were present at that council, or 
 disaffected assembly, will you relate to the 
 court what you know of the reasons why the 
 prisoner changed his name during the time the 
 council sat? 
 
 A. When he yielded to my entreaty, as I 
 before noticed,' he summoned the council, by 
 
 *Council of Constance, Sess. xix.
 
 72 
 
 the name of Pope John XXIII. but after the 
 assembly met, they decreed, that the names 
 of Benedict XII. Gregory XII. and John 
 XXIII. should be branded with infamy and 
 contempt, especially the one by which the 
 council was collected, for having among 
 other things laid to his charge, maintained 
 openly and obstinately, that the souls of men 
 die as the souls of beasts; and that there 
 is neither heaven nor hell.* It was then 
 agreed that the prisoner should be elected by 
 a new and better title, which was done accor- 
 dingly, and he assumed that of Pope Martin 
 V. Vicar of Christ and prince of the Apostles. 
 And I confess that being deluded by him I 
 kneeled down, kissed his feet and worshipped 
 him. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect his sending ambassa- 
 dors to Constantinople by this name, with 
 some particular instructions? 
 
 A. I do. 
 
 Q. Do you know the prisoner's hand wri- 
 ting? 
 
 A. I do. - 
 
 Q. Did you ever see this paper before? (A 
 paper was produced to this witness.) 
 
 A. I have; it was written by the prisoner, 
 by the name of Pope Martin V. 
 
 The paper was then read, it was the instruc- 
 tions of the ambassadors sent to Constantino- 
 ple: the beginning of which will shew the 
 
 *See Council of Constance, Sess. xi.
 
 73 
 
 the impiety and leave no doubt on the mind? 
 of any, if he had usurped the dignity arid 
 titles of our beloved Sovereign or not. It 
 was as follows: 
 
 "The MOST HOLY and MOST BLESSED, who 
 " hath the Heavenly Empire, who is LORD on 
 " earth, the MASTER or THE UNIVERSAL WORLD, 
 " the FATHER OP KINGS, the LIGHT OF THE 
 " WORLD, the MOST HIGH AND SOVEREIGN 
 " BISHOP, MARTIN, by divine providence com- 
 " mandeth unto Master Anthony Mason," &c. 
 
 Here the people appeared filled with indig- 
 nation, and were so irritated, that the court 
 could not proceed for several minutes. And 
 it is probable, the prisoner would have been 
 dragged from the dock, and have become the 
 object of the vindictive rage of the populace, 
 but for the Lord Chief Justice, who after 
 obtaining silence observed, that however 
 hideous and numerous the offences of the 
 prisoner might be, it was just that he should 
 have a fair and legal trial. 
 
 Mr. Historical Truth again called. 
 
 Q. Do you know the hand- writing of the 
 prisoner by the name of Pope Martin V. 
 
 A. I am well acquainted with it. 
 
 Q. Is this his writing? (Here it was shown 
 him.) 
 
 A. It is. 
 
 Q. (From a Juror.) Did you ever see it 
 printed? 
 
 7
 
 74 
 
 A. I have. It is inserted in the Council o 
 Siena, held a little after, and was printed in 
 s, in- the year 1612- 
 
 Louis XII. Kino; of France, sworn* 
 
 B ~ *> t 
 
 Q. Look at the prisoner at the bar. Have 
 you been acquainted with him? 
 
 A. I have been acquainted with him. He 
 lived at Rome when I knew him and was call- 
 ed Pope Julius II. Vicar of Christ and Prince 
 of the Apostles. 
 
 Q,. Did he not by this name assume a mili- 
 tary appearance, and look more like a Warri- 
 or tj^an a Priest? 
 
 A. He did. His delight was in carnage 
 and blood. 
 
 Q* Was it to support his usurped authority 
 lie became a warrior? 
 
 A. The reason he appeared as a military 
 Pontiff, was not only to support what power 
 and authority he had unjustly acquired, but 
 to extend his territories and government over 
 all nations and kingdoms, agreeable to his 
 title, Prince over all Nations and Kingdoms, 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the Court, what you 
 recollect of his character and conduct, as the 
 pretended Vicegerent of Christ. 
 
 A. When I first became acquainted with 
 him I understood that it was common for him 
 every few years if not weeks, to assume a 
 new title. He therefore had been known by 
 a prodigious number of names before he went
 
 75 
 
 by that of Julius II. By this name he was 
 guilty of the most odious vices too detestable 
 to be named, but which he committed without 
 the least limitation or restraint. To his truly 
 horrid list of vices, I must add, the most sav- 
 age ferocity, audacious arrogance and the 
 most extravagant passion for war. He there- 
 fore lived in camps, amidst the din of arms, 
 and was ever ambitious for that fame which 
 is acquired from battles won and cities laid 
 desolate. 
 
 The prisoner had kept a standing army, to 
 fight his battles, from the year 1054, when 
 he was known by the name of Pope Leo JX- 
 and often laid towns and villages in ruins, and 
 deluged nations in human gore. 
 
 By the name of Julius, he entered on his 
 military enterprise by declaring war against 
 the Venitians, and being strengthened by the 
 Emperor, in alliance with me, he afterwards 
 laid siege to Fcrara* After this he turned his 
 arms against France, and engaged the Veni- 
 tians, Spaniards and Swiss to support him in 
 this campaign. In short the whole time he 
 went by this name, was one continual scene 
 of military tumult, nor did he allow Europe 
 to enjoy a moment's tranquillity. 
 
 Q. Did you not endeavor to check his 
 military career and set bounds to his ambition 
 after the alliance was broken between you 
 ;and him? 
 
 A. I did. For although I had been deluded
 
 into his religious opinions, and was consider- 
 ed a Roman Catholic, yet provoked by this 
 arrogant Pontiff I resolved to turn my arms 
 against him, and if possible overthrow the 
 power of Rome. That my design might be 
 clearly understood, I ordered a medal to be 
 struck with a menacing . inscription, repre- 
 senting Rome by the title X>f Babylon on the 
 coin. 
 
 Several Cardinals also, encouraged by the 
 protection of the Emperor Maximilian I. and 
 rne, assembled a council at Pisa in the year 
 1511, with the design of setting bounds to 
 the prisoner, so formidable by this warlike 
 name. He on the other hand, gave orders 
 for a council to meet in the palace-of the Later- 
 an in the year 1512, in which the decrees of 
 the Council of Pisa were condemned and an- 
 nulled, in the most injurious and insulting 
 terms. He likewise prepared to proclaim his 
 ^usurped power as the Vicar of Christ, and 
 thunder out the most dire and tremendous 
 anathemas on my head, but which he had 
 scarcely accomplished before he was compell- 
 ed to change this audacious name, in the midst 
 of his ambitious and vindictive career.* 
 
 Henry VIII. King of England, sworn. 
 Q Are you the same King Henry that re- 
 ceived from the prisoner the title of Defender 
 of the Faith? 
 
 * See Father Paul's Hist. Council Trent, P. 3. Mosh. EC. Hist,
 
 A. I am. 
 
 Q. How came he to bestow on you that 
 title? 
 
 A. At the time I owned his supremacy in 
 England, I wrote a book against Luther and 
 the Reformation in Germany. This I pub- 
 lished in the year 1521 with intent to defend 
 the power and government of the Roman 
 Pontiff. He then in return gave me the title, 
 which has been used from that day. 
 
 Q. Did he not after this, anathematize, ex- 
 communicate and deprive you for rejecting 
 his supremacy in England. 
 
 A. He did. Being instructed in the prin- 
 ciples of popery, I constantly looked to the 
 prisoner's absolving power and unlimited in-_ 
 dulgences. In the year 1533, I published a 
 divorce with Queen Catharine, and married 
 Anna Boleyn, without his consent: not but he 
 would have granted my request, however 
 criminal in its nature, but for fear of displeas- 
 ing the Emperor of Germany, to whom Catha- 
 rine was aunt. The prisoner then gave 
 judgment against me, not for doing what I 
 did, but for doing it without his authority as 
 Vicar of Christ. 
 
 This proved the cause of my separation 
 from him, for in the beginning of the year 
 1534, I issued out an edict, rejecting his 
 supremacy, forbidding any of my subjects to 
 carry any money to Rome, or pay the Peter's 
 pence, (a common tax laid on countries that 
 7*
 
 78 
 
 acknowledge the Roman Pontiff's authority.) 
 I soon after chased out of England, all the 
 collectors of this tax, and otherwise injured 
 the coffers of the prisoner at the bar. 
 
 Q. What name did the prisoner go by 
 then? 
 
 A. By the name of pope Clement VII. Af- 
 terwards Pope Paul III. By this name he 
 issued out his thunderbolt of excommunication, 
 to deprive me of the kingdom, all my subjects 
 of whatever they possessed, and to anathema- 
 tize all my adherents. He also commanded 
 all my subjects to deny me obedience, stran- 
 gers to take up arms against me and my 
 people, promising all who did, our property 
 for a prey, and our persons for slaves. 
 
 Q. In what year was this Bull issued. 
 
 A. On the 17th of December, in the year 
 1538. 
 
 Joan, Queen of Navarre, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar presume 
 to arrogate authority over you as Vicar of 
 Christ on earth? 
 
 A. He did. During the sitting of the 
 Council of Trent, he frequently designed to 
 accuse me as a favorer of heretics, but as he 
 met with some opposition from the Emperor's 
 Ambassadors in the case of Queen Elizabeth 
 of England, he omitted to bring the cause into 
 the Council: but in the year 1563, he caused 
 a citation to be affixed on the gate of St.
 
 79 
 
 Peter's Church in Rome, and other public 
 places against me. Ordered me within six 
 months to appear before his tribunal, to de- 
 fend myself, and shew cause why I should not 
 be deprived of all my dignities, states and do* 
 minions: my marriage made void, and my 
 children illegitimate. And also incurred other 
 penalties, declared by the canon against here- 
 tics. He was then called Pope Pius IV. I 
 did not obey his orders, the King of France 
 protected me.* 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen of England, sworn 
 
 Q. Are you not Queen of England. 
 
 A. I am. I was crowned Queen after the 
 death of my cruel half-sister Mary, in the 
 year 1558. 
 
 Q. Did the prisoner at the bar exercise 
 any authority over you as the pretended Vicar 
 of Christ? 
 
 A. He did. I had seen so much of the 
 tyranny and cruel conduct of the prisoner 
 during the reign of Mary, that I could not 
 but detest both his name and government. 
 However, my sister's ambassador being yet 
 at Rome, he was ordered to make it known 
 that I had ascended to the throne. 
 
 The prisoner, tnen called Pope Paul IV. 
 according to his usual arrogance, declared 
 that England was held in fee to the Apostolic 
 See of Rome, and I could not succeed, as he 
 
 Council of Trent, p, 794.
 
 80 
 
 had by the name of Clement VII. and Paul III. 
 declared me illegitimate. He also asserted, 
 that it was great boldness in me to assume 
 the government of England without his con- 
 sent; but said that as he was always desirous 
 to shew a fatherly affection, if I would re- 
 nounce my pretensions, and leave it entirely 
 to him, he would do all he could for me with 
 honor to the Apostolic See. 
 
 I treated his pretended fatherly affection 
 with that contempt it merited. The Parlia- 
 ment met. All the laws made by Mary in 
 favor of the Popish religion were abolished. 
 The prisoner's Supremacy denied, Images 
 taken out of the churches and the revenues 
 arising from monasteries under the power of 
 Rome, forfeited to the nation. I was then 
 considered a heretic, yet such was his dis- 
 sembling conduct, that in the year 1560, he 
 invited me and my Bishops to attend the 
 Council of Trent. This he did when he was 
 called by the name of Pope Pius IV.* 
 
 After this he grew outrageous, and would 
 have proceeded against me in this Council, in 
 the year 1563, but was prevented by the am- 
 bassadors of the Emperor. However he issued 
 out his Bull to anathematize and excommuni- 
 cate me and to deprive me of my Crown, 
 Dominions and Title, and to absolve all my 
 subjects from their allegiance. He also 
 
 *See Council of Trent p. 436- 
 
 -
 
 pretended to raise Ireland to an Independent 
 Kingdom, and many other things highly preju- 
 dicial to the British Nation. He issued out 
 his Bulls in the name of Vicar of Christ, Prince 
 over all Nations and kingdoms, and arroga- 
 ted authority both in heaven and earth. 
 
 Q. Did he change his name again, after he 
 had assumed that of Pope Pius IV? 
 
 A. Yes, several times. His Bull to deprive 
 me, was signed by the name of Pope Pius V. 
 and afterwards by that of Pope Gregory XIII. 
 
 Henry III. King of France, sworn. 
 
 Q. Are you Henry HI. sovereign of France, 
 who was assassinated by one of the prisoner's 
 emissaries called a Monk? 
 
 A. I am. The Monk's name was Clement. 
 
 Q. When did you ascend the throne of 
 France? 
 
 A. On the death of my brother, who is 
 known in history by the name of the sanguin- 
 ary Charles IX. I had previous to my ascen~ 
 sion to the crown of France, been chosen King 
 of Poland, but hearing of my brother's death, 
 I with difficulty escaped to France, and quietly 
 took possession of the throne, by the name 
 of Henry III. 
 
 Q. Were you not King, when what was 
 called the Holy League was formed by several 
 princes under the government of the prisoner, 
 to attempt to annihilate the people called Hu- 
 gonots from off the face of the earth, and at
 
 82 
 
 (he head of whom was that noted agent of the 
 prisoner, who spilt rivers of human blood, the 
 Duke of Guise?* 
 
 A. I was. I remember the league called 
 the Holy League, and recollect the infamous 
 conduct of the Duke of Guise. 
 
 Q. Were you supposed to favor the Hugo- 
 nots or Protestants, in opposition to the orders 
 of the prisoner, and the league of the princes? 
 
 A. Yes,* and the consequence was, one 
 Clement, a Monk, under the authority of the 
 prisoner, assassinated me in the year 1589; 
 and the common report throughout Europe 
 was, that I died of the wound. 
 
 Q. Do you believe that what this priest did 
 was by the order of, and with the prisoner's 
 approbation? 
 
 A. I do believe itj for when he was known 
 by the title of Pope Sixtus V. he delivered a 
 famous oration, in which he applauded this 
 act of the Monk, as both admirable and me- 
 ritorious.^ 
 
 Henry TV. King of France, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did you succeed Henry III. to the throne 
 of France? 
 
 * Historians inform us, that in the civil wars on account of 
 religion, above 1,000,000 of lives were lost, 150,000,000 livres 
 spent; and 9 cities, 400 villages, 2000 churches, 2000 monaste- 
 ries, and 10,000 houses were burnt or otherwise destroyed. Vide 
 Guth. Geog. Franco. 
 
 t See Spirit of Popery, chap. viii. and Sir R. Steele'a Rom, 
 EocL Hist. No. III. IV,
 
 83 
 
 A. I did. 
 
 Q. Did the prisoner at the bar manifest 
 considerable opposition to you, after you came 
 to the throne? 
 
 A. He did. I professed to be an enemy to 
 his government, and he viewed me as a heretic. 
 The consequence was, I had to wade through 
 innumerable difficulties, and was often driven 
 with my little court to the greatest distress for 
 the common necessaries of life. The prisoner 
 wished one of the Cardinals to be proclaimed 
 King, and the princes in league with him, 
 (through my being considered a Hugonot,) 
 appeared ready to obey his mandate. I there- 
 fore had to dispute every inch of ground with 
 their combined forces, but at last was estab- 
 lished on the throne. 
 
 Q. Were you not compelled to own the 
 authority of the prisoner, and profess to be a 
 Roman Catholic? 
 
 A. I was. I had experienced such a variety 
 of successful and unsuccessful events, and had 
 so many enemies to encounter with that I was 
 led into this measure from what was recom- 
 mended to me as prudent, my religion being 
 the only obstacle in the way of the enjoyment 
 of the crown of France in peace. Thus de- 
 luded. I went publicly to mass, and with great 
 difficulty obtained absolution from the prison- 
 er. This however produced wonders among 
 the people; all France submitted to my scep- 
 tre, and I had only Spain to contend with,
 
 84 
 
 which was soon silenced by my victorious 
 army. 
 
 Q. Was it not supposed afterwards that 
 your profession of attachment to the prisoner's 
 government was not sincere, and that you 
 relapsed again into heresy? 
 
 A. It was. Having re-established tranquil- 
 lity among my people, I caused an edict to be 
 proclaimed, to secure my old friends the Pro- 
 testants the free exercise of their religion, 
 which decree is known as the Edict of Nantes. 
 The prisoner was much offended at this, and 
 afterwards I was assassinated in the streets 
 of Paris, by one of his domestic servants, one 
 Ravilliac, a Friar, in the year 1610. A corpse 
 was interred which all France was given to 
 understand was mine, and from the .report of 
 this, the prisoner supposed I was really dead. 
 
 James I. King of England, sworn. 
 
 Q. Have you any knowledge of the prisoner 
 at the bar as Pope of Rome? 
 
 A. Ijhave. 
 
 Q. By what name was he called when you 
 knew him? 
 
 A. By several; but when he was called 
 Pope Clement IX. I took the most notice of 
 him. 
 
 Q. Did he not publish a Bull against you 
 previous to your being crowned King of Eng- 
 land, with intent to deprive you of your right 
 to the throne?
 
 85 
 
 A. He did. He well knew that when I 
 came to the throne, I would never allow 
 Popery to be encouraged in England, and that 
 I would oppose his rebellious arms when I 
 was established. He therefore issued out a 
 Bull to exclude me from my right to the crown, 
 and commanded all the English Romanists to 
 do their utmost to keep out the Scottish her- 
 etic, as he called me: And that I might not 
 in any wise be admitted to the kingdom* of 
 England, unless I would be reconciled to his 
 supremacy, receive my crown from his hands, 
 and conform myself and all my subjects to the 
 Popish religion.* 
 
 Q. Did he publish this Bull or rebellious 
 proclamation in the presumed title of Vicar of 
 Christ, and Prince over all Nations? 
 
 A. He did. He always acted in that cha- 
 racter before and after I came to the throne. 
 The generality, if not all of his Bulls, are 
 issued forth in direct conformity to and with 
 the injunctions and decisions of his conven- 
 tions of rebels, called General Councils, of 
 which the prisoner is chairman. 
 
 Q. When did you begin your reign in Eng- 
 land? 
 
 A. In the month of March, in 'the year of 
 our Lord 1603. But his Bull was published 
 full two years before. 
 
 Q. Was there not a scheme laid by a con- 
 
 *Carte's Ormond, vol. i. p. 33. 
 8
 
 86 
 
 giderable number of traitors belonging to the 
 society that is headed by the prisoner, to des- 
 troy you and both houses of Parliament by 
 gunpowder, soon after you came to the 
 throne? 
 
 A. There was. It will long be remembered 
 by Protestants, and is known in history as the 
 Gunpowder Plot. 
 
 I had ordered both houses of Parliament to 
 assemble on the 5th of November, in the year 
 1605. The Queen also and Prince of Wales 
 were expected to be present, and I, agreeable 
 to my duty to deliver a speech from the throne. 
 Under the Parliament house was a vault, into 
 which they had conveyed thirty-six barrels of 
 gunpowder, which were carefully concealed 
 under faggots and piles of wood. This horrid 
 conspiracy was kept a secret for near eighteen 
 months, the conspirators being all sworn with 
 what ie called a sacramental oath. However, 
 the kind providence of our most gracious So- 
 vereign defeated their dark, diabolical designs, 
 in such a visible manner, as to make it evident 
 that the Lord reigned. 
 
 About ten days before the long wished for 
 meeting of Parliament, I received notice of the 
 malicious plot, but search was purposely delay- 
 ed till the night immediately preceding the 
 assembly. A magistrate then with proper 
 officers entered the vault, and found there one 
 Guy Fa.wkes, who had just finished all his 
 horrid preparations, with matches and every
 
 87 
 
 thing proper in his pocket to set fire to the 
 train. He was immediately seized, when his 
 countenance betrayed the savage disposi- 
 tion of his heart. He afterwards regretted' 
 that he had lost the opportunity of destroying 
 so many heretics and made a full discovery. 
 He with a number of other conspirators 
 were executed in different parts of England, 
 among whom was a particular emissary of the 
 prisoner, one Garnet, a Jesuit; and so delu- 
 ded were other rebels who survived him, that 
 they fancied miracles wrought by his blood, 
 and in Spain he is considered a martyr. I 
 have very briefly related their destructive plot, 
 and the merciful deliverance of Almighty God. 
 But, from which, it must evidently appear, 
 that the prisoner's orders were obeyed by 
 such as were connected with him in England, 
 and that agreeable to his Bull, they did their 
 utmost to deprive me of my throne, when they 
 planned the destruction of my person, family, 
 and Protestant Parliament. 
 
 Cross-Examined by Counsellor Quibble. 
 Q. Are you sure, that the prisoner at the 
 bar was concerned in this plot, or that it was 
 a popish plot? 
 
 A. I am certain that he was the ringleader 
 of the conspirators, and that Roman Catholics 
 only were concerned in it. 
 
 Q. You know that reports are very contra- 
 dictory respecting the manner of its being
 
 88 
 
 discovered. Some say that a Roman Catho- 
 lic peer, (Lord Mounteagle) received a letter 
 desiring him to shift off his attendance in 
 parliament, and who not being able to explain 
 its contents brought it to you. Others that 
 Henry TV. King of France communicated it 
 to you, and many deny that the prisoner knew 
 any thing of it. Can you tell by what chan- 
 nel you received the information? 
 
 A. The channel through which I received 
 the intelligence cannot invalidate the fact. 
 The prisoner published his orders to the Ro- 
 man Catholics in England, and commanded 
 them to do their utmost to deprive me. What 
 was done was agreeable to his orders. They 
 who did it were all his own servants, and 
 before their execution they confessed their 
 guilt. 
 
 C/iarles VI. Emperor of Germany, sworn. 
 
 Q. Look at the prisoner at the bar. Have 
 you any knowledge of him? 
 
 A. I have. I recollect him by the name of 
 Pope Clement XI. and several other titles. 
 
 Q. Did he ever presume as the Vicar of 
 Christ, to make void and of no effect, any co- 
 venants or treaties which you made as Empe- 
 ror of Germany? 
 
 A. He did. 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the Court what treaty 
 he declared null and void, which you had con- 
 firmed? 
 
 A. After much human blood had been spih
 
 on the continent to support the prisoners 
 thority, I executed the treaty of Alt' Radstadt, 
 and thereby confirmed certain privileges to 
 some of my Protestant subjects. And I also 
 entered into alliance with the Protestant princes 
 of the Empire. After which, the prisoner sent 
 a letter to me bearing date the 4th day of 
 June, 1712, wherein he wrote as follows, which 
 I will repeat. 
 
 " We by these presents denounce to your 
 " Majesty, and at the same time, by the au- 
 " thority committed to us by the Most Omrii- 
 ** potent God, declare the above mentioned co- 
 " venants of the treaty of Alt' Radstadt, and 
 " every thing contained in it, which are any 
 " wise obstructive of, or hurtful to, or which 
 " may be said, esteemed, pretended, or under- 
 " stood to occasion, or to bring, or to have 
 " brought the least prejudice to, or any ways to 
 " hurt, or to have hurt the Catholic faith, di- 
 " vine worship, the salvation of souls, the au- 
 " thority, jurisdiction, or any rites of the 
 " Church whatsoever, together with all and sin- 
 " gular matters which have followed or may 
 '* at any time hereafter follow from them, to 
 " be, and to have been, and perpetually to re- 
 " main hereafter, dcjure, null, void, invalid, un- 
 " just, reprobated, and evacuated of all foree 
 " from the beginning; and that no person is 
 " bound to the observation of them, or any of 
 " them, although the same have been repeatedly 
 " ratified or secured bu an oath; and that they 
 
 8*
 
 90 
 
 u neither could nor ought to have been, nor 
 " can, nor ought to be observed by any person 
 44 whatsoever." * 
 
 All the Princes being examined, the Attor- 
 ney General stated to the Court, that although 
 he had detained them a considerable time hi the 
 examination of so many Emperors and Sove- 
 reigns as witnesses on this important occa- 
 sion, yet the case was too momentous not to 
 demand the fullest investigation. And though 
 he now considered the overt act, of deposing 
 of Princes in the name of Christ's Vicar fully 
 proved, yet he was compelled to trouble the 
 Court a little longer on this subject, while one 
 or two other witnesses were examined, whose 
 testimony he considered to be too weighty to 
 pass by. 
 
 Mr. Hibernia Catholic, sworn. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect any thing respecting 
 an oath of allegiance, that was in contempla- 
 tion in the Irish Parliament, to be taken by 
 you and Irish Catholics, that required your 
 detestation of that dangerous and abominable 
 decree of the Council of Constance, which de- 
 clares, that Faith is not to be kept with heretics; 
 and that Princes deprived by the Pope, may 
 be deposed or murdered by their subjects? 
 
 A. Yes, I do. It was in the year 1768. 
 
 Q. Did the prisoner allow you to declare 
 
 * See Dr. Daigenan's Speech in the Imperial Parliament on the 
 Catholic Question, 1805.
 
 91 
 
 your abhorrence of these pernicious principles, 
 in swearing allegiance to your King? 
 
 A. No, he would not. The Pope's Legate, 
 then at Brussels, wrote to us in the following 
 manner: " That the abhorrence and detesta- 
 " tion of the doctrine, that faith is not to be 
 " kept with heretics, and that Princes deprived 
 " by the Pope may be deposed or murdered 
 " by their subjects, as expressed in that pro- 
 " posed oath, are absolutely intolerable, as he 
 " states, those doctrines are defended and con- 
 u tended for by most catholic nations, and the 
 "Holy See has frequently followed them in 
 " practice. On the whole, he states, that as 
 " the oath is in its whole extent unlawful, so 
 " in its nature, it is invalid, null, and of no 
 '* effect, in so much as that it can by no means 
 " bind or oblige the conscience."* 
 
 Q. Did he presume to promise you what he 
 calls indulgences, for your disobedience to his 
 commands as Christ's Vicegerent on earth? 
 
 " Yes. In a prayer book I commonly use, 
 called Catholic Piety, you may see as follows: 
 " Pope Clement XIV. the 5th day of April, 
 " 1772, granted an Indulgence of seven years 
 " and seven quarantines, to all the Catholics 
 " of this kingdom, as often as they devoutly 
 " repeat the Acts of Contrition, or Faith, Hope, 
 " and Charity: the daily practice of which is 
 " most earnestly recommended to the faithful, 
 " as an excellent form of prayer. This INDUL- 
 
 *Dr. Duigenan's Speech.
 
 92 
 
 M GENCE may be applied to the relief of souls in 
 " Purgatory." 
 
 Mr. Historical Truth being further examin- 
 ed, confirmed the several testimonies given. 
 
 Q. As your knowledge of the prisoner is 
 more general than that of any individual wit- 
 ness yet examined, have you taken notice of 
 any other circumstances not related, respect- 
 ing his assuming power over Kings and Prin- 
 ces, as the Vicar of Christ, &c? 
 
 A. I have. I have taken notice of several 
 Emperors and Princes whom he has deposed, 
 whose names are not particularly mentioned 
 in the indictment. He has ever acted, as far 
 as circumstances would permit, on this perni- 
 cious and tyrannical maxim, which he has 
 carefully and constantly inculcated, " That the 
 Bishop of Rome is the supreme Lord of the 
 Universe, and that neither Princes nor Bish- 
 ops, Civil Governors, or Ecclesiastical Rulers, 
 have any lawful power in church or state, but 
 what they derive from him." He therefore 
 distributed crowns and nations to the subjects 
 of his pleasure, and not only usurped the des- 
 potic government of his church, but also 
 claimed the empire of the world, and thought 
 of nothing less than subjecting all the Kings 
 and Princes of the earth to his lordly sceptre. 
 
 When called Pope Innocent III. he disposed 
 in Asia and Europe of crowns with the most 
 wanton ambition. In Asia he gave a king to 
 the Armenians. In Europe, in the year 1204,
 
 93 
 
 he conferred the regal dignity on Primisldus, 
 Duke of Bohemia, and the same year sent an 
 extraordinary Legate to invest Johanicius, 
 Duke of Burgaria and Walachia, with the en- 
 signs and honors of royalty, while with his 
 own hands he crowned Peter II. of Arragon, 
 who had rendered his dominions subject and 
 tributary to his government. He gave a rare 
 specimen of Papal presumption, under the title 
 of Pope Alexander VI. when he divided South 
 America between the Spaniards and Portu- 
 guese. It is truly astonishing how many 
 princes were duped by him. Henry II. king 
 of England, submitted to be whipped by- 
 monks at Beckett's tomb, by order of the pri- 
 soner. Many examples I might give of his 
 pretensions to universal dominion, which Eu- 
 rope beheld with astonishment, and to its 
 eternal reproach, with the ignominious silence 
 of a blind passive obedience. 
 
 Q. Has the prisoner any regular articles of 
 allegiance or faith, to which he requires the 
 subscription of those who acknowledge him as 
 Vicar of Christ? 
 
 A. He has. The present are such as were 
 made when he was called Pope Pius IV. part 
 of which is as follows: " I do acknowledge the 
 " Holy Catholic and Apostolic Roman Church, 
 " to be the Mother and Mistress of all Church- 
 " es, and I do promise and swear obedience to 
 " the Bishop of Rome, the successor of St
 
 94 
 
 " Peter, the Prince of the Apostles, and Vicar 
 " of Jesus Christ." 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the court what you 
 know of the assumed power of such as are 
 connected w r ith, and who receive their autho- 
 rity from him, as Christ's Vicegerent on earth, 
 as Cardinals, Priests, &c.? 
 
 A. I took notes of what several of them 
 have published to the world, and I recollect 
 that Peter de Besse, a priest, wrote a book, 
 which he called The Royal Priesthood, and 
 that in the second chapter he thus speaks: " St. 
 " Peter addeth, that all Priests are Kings, in 
 " token whereof they w r ear the crown." And 
 in the third chapter he says, " The Priesthood 
 " and the Godhead are in some things to be 
 " paralleled, and are almost of equal great- 
 u ness, since they have equal power." Again 
 he adds, " Seeing that the Priesthood walketh 
 
 ' O 
 
 " hand in hand with the Godhead, and that 
 "Priests are Gods, it goes far beyond the 
 u kingly power, and priests are far above 
 " kings." And he then calls them " masters of 
 " kings, surpassing as much in dignity the 
 * royal office, as the soul surpasses the 
 " body!" 
 
 He then declares, what he had taken from 
 the writings of Cardinal Baronius, " Incredi- 
 " ble things, but yet true, that the power of 
 " the priests is so great and their excellency 
 ** so noble, that heaven depends upon them."
 
 95 
 
 In the same place, comparing priests with 
 Joshua, he saith, "Joshua stopped but the sun, 
 " but these stay Christ, being in heaven in the 
 " midst of an altar. The creature obeyed the 
 " first, but the Creator obeys the last, the sun 
 " the one, and God the other, as often as they 
 " pronounce the sacred words." On the whole 
 he concludes, that " Whatever God is in hea- 
 " ven, the priest is the same on earth." 
 
 Q. Did this priest publish this to the world 
 as the sentiments of an individual, or was it 
 generally understood, that priests in general 
 have this authority delegated to them by the 
 prisoner at the bar? 
 
 A. Priests derive all their power from him, 
 and act by his commission. As a proof that 
 the sentiments I have delivered from this one, 
 are such as are received by men of this de- 
 scription, when this book was published in 
 Paris, the approbation of the Faculty of Divi- 
 nity was given to the whole, and prefixed in 
 the front of the book. This body of men act 
 in conjunction with the prisoner. 
 
 Q. (From a Juror.) Did you ever hear 
 others speak in like manner? 
 
 A. Yes. I have heard many declare as 
 bad, if not worse. 
 
 Q. Did any of them write the same? 
 
 A. They did. Gabriel Biel, another Priest, 
 said, that "the Angels, citizens of heaven, 
 " dare not aspire to the authority of the Priest- 
 " hood:" and again, " Passing by the bands of -
 
 ** Angels, let us come to the Queen of heaven 
 ** and Lady of the world. The same through 
 " the plenitude of Grace she goes beyond all 
 " creatures, yet she yields to the Hierarchs 
 e ' of the Church in the execution of the myste- 
 "ry committed unto them." And again he 
 gays, t; Christ is incarnate and made flesh in 
 " the hands of the priests, as in the Virgin's 
 " womb, and that priests do create their Crea- 
 " tor, and have power over the body of 
 " Christ."* 
 
 Antichrist. (To the last witness.) You 
 have omitted to produce the authority, on 
 which Father de Besse, declared the power 
 of priests. You should have noticed that he 
 produced a portion from the New Testament, 
 and founded his power on the Act Matt. xvi. 
 18. 
 
 Witness, Historical Truth. It is true, I did 
 see a reference to that Act, but I think that if 
 it should be read, it would, if possible, make 
 bad worse. 
 
 Antichrist. Let the act be read. 
 
 Lord Chief Justice. It shall be read. 
 
 The Clerk of the Crown then read the sta- 
 tute. Matt. xvi. 18. " And I say also unto 
 " thee, that thou art Peter, and upon this rock 
 " I will build my church; and the gates of hell 
 " shall not prevail against it." 
 
 Lord Chief Justice. What is there in this 
 statute, to authorize either you, or your priests 
 
 *See his 4th Lesson in the Canon of the Mass.
 
 97 
 
 to assume your power, and commit rebellion 
 against our Sovereign? 
 
 Antichrist. Christ said these words to St. 
 Peter and St. Peter gave this power to me at 
 Rome. I do not consider it rebellion, when 
 I have such authority to act upon. 
 
 Lord Chief Justice. What an awful delu- 
 sion you must lie under! To suppose, that 
 our Sovereign Lord the King, should com- 
 mission Peter to empower you to establish 
 your throne, in open rebellion against his 
 crown and dignity! I hope you don't wish to 
 say that Peter is a traitor? He is too well 
 known in this court to be suspected of rebel- 
 lion. We shall be able to prove that he never 
 gave you any commission or authority. 
 
 Antichrist. If he was present he would con- 
 fess, that what I say is true. 
 
 Court. He is in court; and we have no ob- 
 jection to his being the next witness called. 
 
 Simon Peter, the Apostle, was then called, 
 who quick as vivid lightning appeared. It 
 was truly gratifying to see this witness, with 
 so much of heaven in his countenance, while 
 the court and large concourse of people 
 assembled, were wonderfully delighted. He 
 was examined by the Attorney General. 
 
 Q. Are you the Apostle Peter, servant of 
 the Most High God? 
 
 A. I am; and by the grace of God I am 
 what I am. To my Sovereign Lord I am 
 indebted for the honor of my employment, 
 9
 
 Q. As we have frequently been told by the 
 prisoner, that you have some knowledge of 
 him and that you gave him his authority, we 
 have taken the liberty to call on you to satisfy 
 the court on this subject, believing you will 
 confirm the high opinion they entertain of 
 you. LooE at the prisoner at the bar. Do 
 you recollect ever having seen him before? 
 
 A. No, I do not know him. I never saw 
 him before in my life. 
 
 Ant. Don't you recollect seeing me at 
 Rome? 
 
 Peter. No. I could never see you at Romej 
 for I never was there. 
 
 Ant. Do not you recollect, that you sat in 
 St. Peter's Chair at Rome, as Prince of the 
 Apostles? 
 
 Peter. No. I know nothing of Rome; nor 
 have I the smallest knowledge of you. I am 
 really a stranger to* your very language; I do 
 not understand what you mean either by St. 
 Peters Chair or Prince of the Apostles. 
 
 Att. Gen. The Apostle Peter will please to 
 notice, that the prisoner, wiien he established 
 his throne at Rome, presumed to declare, that 
 you received orders from our Lord the King,. 
 to invest him with power over all the world; 
 he therefore styled you Prince of the Apostles* 
 and said, that you sat in his chair as such. 
 And he presumes to be your successor, the 
 Yicar of Christ, &c. 
 
 Pet. I am totally unacquainted with him
 
 99 
 
 and his government. I never had any such 
 power given to me by my Lord; and as I never 
 received it, he never could obtain it from me, 
 
 Anl. Do you remember the time when 
 Jesus Christ said to you, ^*On this rock I 
 will build my church;" and when he gave you 
 the keys of the kingdom of heaven? 
 
 Pet. I do very well; but what has that to 
 do in the present case? What my Lord said 
 to me is one thing, and what you profess 
 another. 
 
 Ant. 1 can produce a number of Holy 
 Fathers who have said that you were at Rome, 
 and that you was the first Pope. 
 
 Pet. All that is possible. But can you 
 prove from the word of my God, from either 
 of my Epistles, or from any of the writings of 
 the Apostles or Evangelists, that I ever was 
 at Rome? But whether I was there or not, 
 I am certain that my Lord never commission- 
 ed me to give you any sanction. 
 
 Ant. If the blessed Apostle St. Paul was 
 here, he would convince you of your mistake. 
 
 The apostle Paul was next called and sworn. 
 There was a striking likeness between him 
 and the Apostle Peter. 
 
 Q. Was you ever at Rome in Italy? 
 
 A. I was. I knew Rome well. My Lord 
 and Sovereign told me that I should testify of 
 -him there, and after a perilous voyage I landed 
 safe. Though but a prisoner, I was suffered 
 ;to dwell two whole years in my own hired
 
 100 
 
 house, preaching the glorious gospel of the 
 grace of God; I wrote several of my Epistles 
 to the different churches from Rome and one 
 Epistle to a church of Christ there, and the 
 last Epistle I ever wrote I wrote there.* 
 
 Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar? 
 He has resided a long time at Rome, and pro- 
 fesses to be intimately acquainted with you? 
 
 A. If he is intimately acquainted with me, 
 I have no knowledge of it. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect ever seing the Apostle 
 Peter at Rome? 
 
 A. I never saw him at Rome when I was 
 there. Had my brother Apostle been there, 
 as I wrote so many Epistles from that place, 
 I should have had frequent opportunities of 
 mentioning my fellow-laborer. But though I 
 named many, I took no notice of him. From 
 Rome I wrote to the churches of the Gala- 
 tians, to the Ephesians, Phiftppians, and Colos- 
 sians, and also to Timothy and Philemon; 
 without ever once mentioning him, or sending 
 any salutation from him. 
 
 It must evidently appear that he was not 
 there when I wrote my Epistle to the Colos- 
 sians; for mentioning Tychicus, Onesimus, 
 Aristarchus, Marcus, and Justus, I added, 
 " These alone, my fellow-workers unto the 
 kingdom of God.t Peter was not there when 
 I wrote my second Epistle to Timothy; for I 
 
 Acts xxiii. 11. Acts xxviii. 16 and 28, 30, 31. 
 tCol. iv. 11.
 
 101 
 
 said, " At first answer no man stood with me, 
 but all forsook me."* Nor was he there at the 
 time of my departure; for I wrote to Timothy, 
 that all the brethren did salute him, and named 
 Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, and Claudia, but not 
 Peter.f Now as when I wrote from Rome, I 
 sent no salutations from him; so in writing to 
 Rome, though I saluted so many, he was not 
 among the number.^ Those, therefore, who 
 wish to make it appear that he was there, must 
 suppose that we lived there on very unfriendly 
 terms. 
 
 Ant. Were not St. Peter and you both con- 
 fined together in one prison? Several of the 
 Fathers have proved it. Even many Protest- 
 ants say that you were at Rome. 
 
 Paul. What I have said is sufficient to 
 answer all that the Fathers or others have 
 said. I have no doubt but they have said it; 
 but I am sure they have not proved it. How- 
 ever you have without doubt lived at Rome, 
 though I never saw you personally there: but 
 from the description my Lord gave me of the 
 man of sin, and his awful character, I must 
 conclude that, thou art the man. I therefore 
 warned the people of your approach, in several 
 of my Epistles. 
 
 Court. (To the Apostle Paul.) Did the 
 Apostle Peter claim any supremacy over any 
 of his fellow Apostles, or over you? 
 
 Paul. No. When I disputed with him, I 
 
 *Tim.iv. 16. tTim. iv. 21. JRom. xvi. 3. 15. 
 
 9*
 
 102 
 
 evidenced that no such notion was entertained 
 by me. 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear of his being called 
 Prince of the Apostles, Vicar of Christ, His 
 Holiness the Pope, Prince over all Nations, 
 God on Earth, &c.? 
 
 A. Surely no. The Apostle Peter was better 
 taught of our Lord, than to presume to arro- 
 gate such titles, and offer such indignity to 
 the Lord of heaven. 
 
 Q. Did he ever adorn himself in pontifical 
 vestments of the greatest splendor, and wear 
 a mitre or tripple crown, bedecked with dia- 
 monds, sapphires, emeralds, chrysolites, jas- 
 pers, and all manner of precious stones; such 
 as the prisoner now wears? 
 
 A. No. I never saw a greater contrast, 
 than that between a disciple of Jesus and the 
 prisoner in every respect!! 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear of a College of 
 Cardinals being established, while you was in 
 Judea or Rome? 
 
 A. Never. I am quite a stranger to the 
 name. 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear of the Apostle Peter 
 collecting annually from all nations he could, 
 a tax called Peter's Pence? 
 
 A. Never. 
 
 The passage was now cleared to make 
 room for a considerable number of other wit- 
 nesses, chiefly martyrs, who made a most 
 brilliant and magnificent appearance. Sev-
 
 103 
 
 eral witnesses examined were withdrawn on 
 this occasion, as the contrast was so very 
 striking, that what filled the court with plea- 
 sure, struck some of them with additional ter- 
 ror. The prisoner himself also appeared for 
 the first time to change countenance, though 
 but little, as he evidently was completely 
 hardened through the deceitmlness of sin. 
 Most in court supposed that the witnesses 
 came from the celestial city in Upper Salem. 
 They appeared intimately acquainted with the 
 two Apostles, and their interview was peculi- 
 arly gratifying to the whole court. The 
 Apostles joined the martyred witnesses, and 
 Mr. Historical Truth stood near them, being 
 a very essential witness. 
 
 Peter de Bruis, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did you not once act under the prison- 
 er's authority? 
 
 A. I did. But when it pleased our Most 
 Gracious Sovereign to shew me my error, and 
 grant me pardon, I rejected his authority, and 
 swore allegiance to our Sovereign Lord the 
 King. This I did while I lived in France, in 
 the twelfth century. Afterwards it pleased 
 our Sovereign to engage me in his service. I 
 therefore preached for several years in France 
 what my Lord had taught me from his word. I 
 preached the fulness and freeness of our King's 
 grace, in opposition to the prisoner's theatri- 
 cal mass, merits of good works, prayers for
 
 104 
 
 the dead, and venerating crosses and images* 
 Q. Did the prisoner usurp authority over 
 you, to oppose the doctrines revealed in tlie 
 Scriptures? 
 
 A. He did. He presumed authority as the 
 Vicegerent of Christ, to burn or destroy aD 
 those who rejected his government. I there- 
 fore, with one Henry, who preached the same 
 truth, were seized by the prisoner's orders, 
 and condemned as two heretics and traitors to 
 his kingdom. Henry, that he called my dis- 
 ciple, was imprisoned for mortal life, and I 
 burnt in a fire, till he concluded I was dead. 
 I suppose he never expected, after reporting 
 I was consumed to ashes, that I was alive, and 
 should appear a living witness against him 
 this day. 
 
 Arnold of Brescia, Preacher, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did you live at the city of Rome, where 
 the prisoner has resided for many years? 
 
 A. I did. I recollect seeing him there. 
 
 Q. Did you not reject decidedly his au- 
 thority? 
 
 A. I did. I publicly declared the danger of 
 all such as lived and died in his government, 
 in rebellion against our Sovereign Lord and 
 Everlasting King. 
 
 Q. What were the consequences that fol- 
 lowed? 
 
 A. I was dragged to his bar at Rome, con- 
 demned as a heretic, and publicly burnt in the
 
 105 
 
 year 1155, as was supposed to death, because 
 some ashes, said to be mine, that were found 
 in- the fire after my deliverance, were cast in- 
 to the Tiber; but my King took me to live 
 with him in his own country. 
 
 Alba Gerald, the Waldeme, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did you and about thirty more come 
 into England, as persecuted Waldenses, about 
 the year of our Lord 1 160? 
 
 A. I did; and about that number came 
 with me, to escape, if possible, the rage and 
 cruelty of the prisoner at the bar. Previous 
 to my coming to England, I lived with a con- 
 siderable number in the Valleys of Piedmont, 
 who had long refused to submit to own the 
 papal power. He then, by every instrument 
 of destruction in his power, either slaughtered 
 or scattered these people, and I with my com- 
 panions were driven from place to place on 
 the continent, till we embarked for England. 
 
 Q. Did the prisoner pursue you to Eng- 
 land? 
 
 A. He did. After I came there, I labored 
 to bring some back from their rebellious ways 
 to the obedience of the laws of Jesus. The 
 consequence was, I with those who came with 
 me were taken to prison, by order of King 
 Henry II. who then acted as agent for the 
 prisoner. We were all brought before an 
 assembly of his Bishops at Oxford, when 
 being asked who we were? I answered, " We
 
 106 
 
 are Christians, that hold the doctrines of the 
 Apostles." After further examination, we refu- 
 sed to own the Pope's Supremacy, or to obey 
 his laws. We were then declared heretics, and 
 condemned as such to be punished. We were 
 then burnt with hot irons in the forehead, as 
 heretics, and whipt through the streets of Ox- 
 ford; but were enabled to rejoice for being 
 
 accounted worthy to suffer for our King's 
 
 & 
 sake. 
 
 There being no law then in England, to 
 burn heretics to death, the prisoner comman- 
 ded, that none should presume to receive us 
 into their houses or grant us the smallest 
 comfort of life, so that we might perish with 
 hunger, and cold, as enemies to his govern- 
 ment. This they considered as carried into 
 effect, but our beloved Sovereign only removed 
 us to a more delightful country. 
 
 Mr. Historical Truth, again examined. 
 
 Q. Are you acquainted with the prisoner's 
 conduct to the people called Waldenses? 
 
 A. I am; and so is Europe. They have 
 been distinguished by various appellations. 
 The first name they were called by was Val- 
 lenses; so saith one of the oldest writers of 
 their lives, Ebrard of Bethun, who wrote in 
 the year 1212. "They call themselves Val- 
 lenses, because they abide in the valley of 
 tears," alluding to their situation in Valleys of 
 Piedmont. They were also called Albigenses,
 
 107 
 
 from Alba, a City in the southern part of 
 France, where a great number resided. They 
 were afterwards denominated Valdenses or 
 Waldenses, from one Peter Valdo or Waldo, 
 an opulent citizen of Lyons, and one of the 
 most active of these people. And from Lyons, 
 its ancient name being Leona, they were called 
 Leonists. 
 
 From all that remains of their writings, and 
 the testimony even of their most violent ene- 
 mies, it will appear that they maintained the 
 following principles: That, the Holy Scriptures 
 is the only rule of faith and practice Christ 
 Jesus the only Sovereign Head and Lawgiver 
 of his church Salvation by Christ alone 
 The Pope Antichrist The Church of Rome, 
 the Whore of Babylon Masses, impious 
 Purgatory, an invention of men Monkery, a 
 stinking carcass Invoking of dead Saints, 
 idolatry The host, an idol; and so many or- 
 ders of the Roman Clergy, so many marks of 
 the beast." 
 
 In the beginning of the thirteenth century, 
 they had spread so far, and were so fast in- 
 creasing every day, the prisoner thought prop- 
 er to exert his utmost efforts to suppress them. 
 For this purpose war, or what he called a holy 
 crusade, was proclaimed against them and the 
 office of Inquisition erected; the one to subdue 
 their bodies, and the other to enslave their 
 souls. It is enough to make the blood run 
 cold to hear of the horrid murders and devast-
 
 108 
 
 ations of this time, and of the number of these 
 poor people, who were sacrificed to the blind 
 fury and malice of the prisoner. It is compu- 
 ted that in France alone there were slain a 
 million of these people, and yet, this was in- 
 adequate to satisfy his infernal desire. 
 
 I will just notice the testimony of Thuanus, 
 a priest under the prisoner's government, and 
 who is considered an historian of repute. He 
 says, " Against the Waldenses, when exqui- 
 " site punishments availed little, and the evil 
 " was exasperated by the remedy which had 
 " been unseasonably applied, and their rium- 
 " ber increased daily; at length complete ar- 
 " mies were raised; and a war of no less 
 " weight than what our people had before 
 " waged against the Saracens, was decreed 
 " against them: the event of which was, that 
 " they were rather slain, put to flight, spoiled 
 " every where of their goods and dignities, and 
 " dispersed here and there, than that convin- 
 " ced of their error they repented. So that 
 " they fled into Provence and the neighboring 
 " Alps of the French territory, and found 
 " shelter for their lives and doctrine in those 
 "places. Part withdrew to Calabria, part 
 " passed into Germany, and fixed their abode 
 " among the Bohemians, and in Poland and 
 " Livonia. Others, turning to the west, ob- 
 " tained refuge in Britain."* 
 
 In these wars, when the rebels under the 
 
 * Thuanus in Praef. ad Henry IV.
 
 109 
 
 command of the prisoner took the city of 
 Beziers, they put to the sword, above 60,000 
 persons, among whom were many of their 
 own profession, the Pope's Legate crying out, 
 " Kill them all, for the Lord knoweth them 
 that are his!"* 
 
 Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble. 
 
 Q. Do you not recollect the many abomin- 
 able heresies and vices the Waldenses were 
 charged with? 
 
 A. What they were charged with by those 
 who were totally unacquainted with them, 
 I do not consider worth notice. The prison- 
 er always pretended to find all guilty of heresy 
 who were enemies to his authority; but to 
 prove my statement to be just, I will produce 
 three of the most respectable Roman Catholic 
 authors, who have written in defence of the 
 prisoner at the bar. The first I name is Rei- 
 nerius Sacco, whose testimony is the most 
 remarkable, as he was of the order of the 
 Dominicans, and Inquisitor General about the 
 year 1254. . 
 
 This cruel Inquisitor, who exerted such a 
 furious zeal for the destruction of the Wal- 
 denses, lived about eighty years after Valdo 
 of Lyons, and must therefore be supposed, 
 from his horrid employment, to know their 
 real character. He said, " Among all the 
 
 * Pet Hist. Alb. c. 17, &c. 
 
 10
 
 HO 
 
 " sects which still are, or have been, there b 
 " not any more pernicious to the church than 
 " that of the Leonists. And this for three 
 " reasons: the first is, because it is older, for 
 " some say that it hath endured from the time 
 " of Pope Sylvester; others, from the time of 
 u the Apostles. The second, because it is 
 " more general, for there is scarce any country 
 " where this sect is not. The third, because 
 "when all other sects begat horror in the 
 " hearers, by the outrageousness of their 
 " blasphemies against God, this sect of the 
 " Leonists hath a great shew of piety; because 
 " they, live justly before men, and believe all 
 " things rightly concerning God, and all the 
 " articles contained in the Creed; only they 
 " blaspheme the Church of Rome, and the 
 *' Clergy, whom the multitude of the laity is 
 " easy to believe." 
 
 The credit of Thuanus, as an historian, has 
 been always admitted by those under the go- 
 vernment of the prisoner, and he was wise 
 enough to distinguish between their real opin- 
 ions and those falsely imputed to them. He 
 gave this account of them: " Peter Valdo, a 
 ** w.ealthy citizen of Lyons, about the year 
 ". 1170, gave name to the Valdenses. He (as 
 44 Guy Perpignon, Bishop of Elna, in Rous- 
 44 sillon ? . who exercised the office of Inquisitor 
 " against the Valdenses, hath left testified i 
 " writing) leaving his house and goods, devo- 
 " ted himself wholly to the profession of the
 
 Ill 
 
 u Gospel, and took care to have the writings 
 " of the Prophets and Apostles translated into 
 ' the vulgar tongue. ; When in a little time 
 
 o o 
 
 " he had many followers, he sent them forth, 
 " as his disciples, into all parts, to propagate 
 " the Gospel." " Their fixed opinions were 
 *' said to be these: that the church of Rome, 
 * 4 because she hath renounced the true faith of 
 " Christ, is the Whore of Babylon; and that 
 " barren tree which Christ himself hath cursed 
 " and commanded to be rooted up; therefore, 
 " we must by ho means obey the Pope, and 
 *' the Bishops who cherish his errors. That 
 '< the monastic life is the sink of the church, 
 " and an hellish institution; its vows are vain, 
 44 and subservient only to the filthy love of 
 " boys; the orders of the presbytery are the 
 " marks of the great Beast, which is mention- 
 " ed in the Apocalypse; the fire of purgatory, 
 44 the sacrifice of the mass, the feasts of tfe 
 " dedications of churches, the worship of the 
 44 saints, and the propitiation for the dead, are 
 44 inventions of Satan. To these, the principal 
 " and certain heads of their doctrine, others 
 44 were feigned and added, concerning marri- 
 44 age, the resurrection, the state of the soul 
 " after death, and concerning meats." 
 
 I shall now repeat the testimony of Meze- 
 ray, the celebrated historiographer of France, 
 which, though short, is full to the purpose. 
 He said, " they had almost the same opinions 
 "as those who are now called Calvinists."
 
 If, therefore, any of the Roman Catholic 
 writers had known the crimes of these per- 
 secuted people, surely they would have reveal- 
 ed them. 
 
 Q. From the Court. Did not the prisoner, 
 through the instrumentality of such as acted 
 by his authority, circulate a variety of false 
 reports to excite princes to destroy them, on 
 account of their unnatural and shocking 
 
 J2 O 
 
 figure? 
 
 A. Yes. So extravagant were some in at- 
 tempting to describe their persons to Philip, 
 Duke of Savoy, that he was induced to exam- 
 ine into the truth of the reports, principally 
 with a view of gratifying his sight, by wit- 
 nessing such extraordinary monstrous beings. 
 He therefore ordered some of their children to 
 be brought from the valleys to satisfy himself, 
 whether they were not born with black throats, 
 shaggy manes, and four rows of teeth, as 
 described.* 
 
 The Clerk of the Crown then read extracts 
 from three rebel Proclamations, or Pope's 
 Bulls, published by order of the prisoner. 
 
 " On pain of anathema, let no man presume 
 " to land, or exercise traffic with them." Can- 
 on of the Council of Lateran. Pope Alexan- 
 der III. 
 
 On pain of the same curse. "No man 
 " should presume to receive or assist them, no 
 " not so much as to hold any communion with 
 
 * Modern Universal History, vol. 34, p. 485.
 
 113 
 
 ** them, in selling, or buying, that, being de- 
 " prived of the comforts of humanity, they 
 44 may be compelled to repent of the error of 
 44 their ways." Synod of Tours in France. 
 Pope Alexander III. 
 
 In like manner, " Permit not the heretics to 
 44 have houses in your districts, or enter into 
 44 contracts, or carry on commerce, or enjoy 
 44 the comforts of humanity with Christians." 
 Bull of Pope Martin V. after the Council of 
 Constance. 
 
 Walter Lollard, sworn. 
 
 Q. Were you a preacher of the Gospel in 
 Germany, about the year of our Lord 1315? 
 
 A. Yes. According to the abilities the Lord 
 was pleased to give me, I preached the glori- 
 ous gospel of the ever-blessed God. 
 
 Q. Have you been acquainted with the 
 prisoner at the bar? 
 
 A. I have. I knew him when I preached 
 the gospel in Germany, and I testified against 
 him there, as I was convinced he was Anti- 
 christ, the enemy of my Lord's person and 
 government. I therefore rejected his traitor- 
 ous authority, and the superstitious ceremonies 
 of his rebellious society: But the consequence 
 was, I was taken by his order, underwent an 
 examination before several of his. agents, and 
 was condemned as an heretic to be burnt to 
 death. He therefore consigned me to the 
 
 10*
 
 114 
 
 flames, in the year 1322, and according to 
 report I was consumed to ashes. 
 
 John Wickliff, sworn. 
 
 Q. Are you a native of England? 
 
 A. I am. I was once a priest under the 
 prisoner's authority, was called professor of 
 divinity at Oxford, and afterwards rector of 
 Lutterworth. In the year of our Lord 1360, 
 a number of Mendicant Friars, who were de- 
 legated by the prisoner to support his govern- 
 ment, came into England. Their scandalous 
 embassy I despised. I defended the statutes 
 and privileges of the University of Oxford 
 against all the orders of the Mendicants, and 
 
 O I 
 
 threw out some reproofs against the Pope, 
 their principal patron. After this, in the 
 year 1367, I was deprived of the wardenship 
 in the University, by the Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury, who substituted a monk in my place; 
 and the sentence of the Archbishop was con- 
 firmed by the prisoner, under the name of Pope 
 Urban V. 
 
 From this time I discovered more of his 
 treason and rebellion, than I ever did before. 
 I threw off all restraint, and not only attacked 
 the monks, and their scandalous irregularities, 
 but the Pontiff himself as the ringleader in re- 
 bellion. Soon after this I translated the Scrip- 
 tures into the English language, and exhorted 
 the people to study the Word of God, and not 
 obey the prisoner's orders when opposed to it.
 
 115 
 
 In the ^year ;1377, he having .assumed the 
 name of Pope Gregory XI. the Archbishop 
 was ordered to call a. Council in London, to 
 sit in judgment on ( me, but though the danger 
 was considered great, I escaped by the inter- 
 est of the Duke of Lancaster. 
 
 The prisoner having been compelled by one 
 Mr. Death, .whom he could never deceive, to 
 relinquish the name of Gregory XI. , a great 
 schism commenced about the next title ihe 
 should assume. This withdrew his attention 
 from me for some time, but afterwards he 
 proceeded against me. with great vehemence 
 in two councils held at London and Oxford, 
 in the year 1383. The event was, that of 
 twenty-three opinions, for.which I was prose- 
 clited by the Monks, ten were condemned as 
 heresies, and thirteen as, errors. However I 
 returned in safety to Lutterworth, and .fell into 
 a comfortable sleep in peace, in the year 1387. 
 The prisoner having been given to understand 
 that I was dead, and as it .had pleased the 
 Lord to bless the Gospel to a great number, 
 to whom I had preached it, he was so exas- 
 perated, that in a council at Constance, in ;the 
 year 1415, a decree, was made to condemn 
 my memory and opinions, and to dig up some 
 bones, which were thought to be mine, to be 
 publicly burnt, which was accordingly done. 
 
 Q. Was there not a great number of per- 
 sons either hanged, suffocated or burnt in 
 England, who were called your followers, and
 
 116 
 
 who went by the name of Lollards or Wick- 
 liffites? 
 
 A. Yes. Even prisons, fields and pits, in 
 the metropolis of London, have been called 
 after the name, on account of the horrid 
 scenes exhibited there. 
 
 William Sawtre, sworn. 
 
 Q. Were you not once parish priest of St. 
 Osyth, in London? 
 
 A. I was till it pleased God to convince me 
 of my rebellion, and enable me to forsake and 
 detest the usurped authority of the prisoner. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner persuade that de- 
 luded Prince Henry IV. to make an act of 
 parliament to burn all who are called 
 heretics? 
 
 A. He did. After Henry IV. had usurped 
 the throne, in compliance with the prisoner's 
 orders, he passed an act for the burning of 
 heretics. This was in the year 1401. He 
 was the first Prince in England, who passed 
 such an act. One of the principal reasons 
 that he assigned for this act was, the great 
 increase of Lollards or Wickliffites. The 
 bishops were by this act empowerd to try all 
 who were supposed to reject the prisoner, and 
 to burn them at their discretion 
 
 Q. What followed in England after the 
 passing of that law? 
 
 A. Fires were lighted in various parts of 
 the country, and many were cruelly burnt. It
 
 117 
 
 was previous to the passing of this act, that 
 I had been given to see the error of Popery, 
 and acknowledge the sceptre of King Jesus. 
 I was therefore immediately apprehended and 
 brought before the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 and condemned to be burnt as a heretic. The 
 king then directed a writ to the lord mayor 
 and sheriffs to take me to the stake, which 
 they did, and I had the honor of being the 
 first that fire was kindled round for heresy in 
 England. 
 
 Thomas Badly, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did you live in the reign of Henry IV.? 
 
 A. I did. I lived in London when William 
 Sawtre was burnt alive, and supposed to be 
 burnt to death. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner attempt to murder 
 you? 
 
 A. He did. He ordered me to be secured 
 in prison, after which I was condemned as an 
 heretic, taken to Smithfield, chained to a 
 stake, and fire kindled round me. Henry, 
 Prince of Wales being present, perceiving me 
 shew some sensible signs of torture, ordered 
 the fire to be removed, promised me a pardon 
 and a pension for life, if I would turn Roman 
 Catholic. But having come to myself, I was 
 enabled resolutely to reject his offer, choosing 
 rather to die with a good, than live with an 
 evil conscience, a traitor to my King. The 
 fire was then rekindled, and continued to burn
 
 some ashes were discovered, when all con- 
 cluded that they were mine and that of course 
 I must have been burnt to death. 
 
 Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, sworn. 
 
 Q. Are you the Nobleman who was perse- 
 cuted in England, in the reign Of King Henry 
 V. on the charge of being the principal patron 
 and abettor of the people called Lollards? 
 
 A. I am. I considered them as loyal to our 
 Sovereign, and I could not bear the idea that 
 my Lord and King should be opposed by the 
 Prisoner under the pretext of being his pecu- 
 liar favorite. 
 
 Q. Did the prisoner attempt to put you to 
 death? 
 
 A. He did. By his orders I was appre- 
 hended and committed to prison by a noted 
 rebel in connexion with him, known by the 
 name of the Archbishop of Canterbury. On 
 my examination, I freely declared my total 
 disapprobation of the prisoner. I affirmed, 
 that " the Pope was Antichrist and the head 
 "of the Roman Catholic body. That his 
 " Bishops were the members, and his Friars 
 " the hinder parts of his antichristian society" 
 The wicked Archbishop, my judge, then pro- 
 ceeded to pass sentence of condemnation 
 against me for heresy, when I addressed him 
 in these words: " Though you judge my 
 " body, which is but a wretched thing, yet I 
 " am sure yoti can do me no harm as to my
 
 us 
 
 " soul He who created it will, of liis. infinite 
 " mercy and promise finally save it, I have no 
 " manner of doubt. As to the articles before 
 " rehearsed, I will stand to them to my very 
 " death, by the GRACE of my eternal God." 
 I; was condemned to die, but the day before 
 my execution was to have taken place, I made 
 my escape from the tower, and continued in 
 Wales for about four years. After which 
 being seized by the prisoner's emissaries, and 
 having been outlawed, they delivered me over 
 to death as a heretic and traitor. I was then 
 taken to the place of execution, and suspended 
 by the waist with an iron chain. In this man- 
 ner I was hung as a traitor, and cruelly burnt 
 as an heretic, amidst the execrations of my 
 savage tormentors, till my King delivered me 
 out of their hands, 
 
 (The chain was produced in court.) 
 
 John Huss, sworn. 
 
 (This witness confirmed the testimony of 
 the Emperor Sigismond, which, as it is noticed 
 before, is omitted here. There was, however, 
 a remarkable expression he uttered while burn- 
 ing, which the Emperor omitted. It was his 
 answer to the last question, which is here set 
 down.) 
 
 Q. Did you not address yourself, when at 
 the fire, to some of the popish clergy who 
 were present, and make use of some expres- 
 sions that were thought remarkable?
 
 
 120 
 
 A. I did speak to them after the fire was 
 kindled. I said among other words, " Ye 
 " shall answer for this an hundred years hence, 
 " both before God and me." And also, " You 
 " roast a Goose now, but a swan shall arise, 
 " whom you shall not be able to burn as you 
 " do the poor weak Goosed These expres- 
 sions w r ere then remarked, and a century after- 
 wards were thought very remarkable, because 
 Huss, in the Bohemian language, signifies a 
 Goose, as Luther does a Swan; and just an 
 hundred years after, Luther appeared, and 
 gave the prisoner a deeper wound than he 
 ever received before, yet he could not burn 
 Luther. 
 
 Jerome of Prague, sworn. 
 
 This witness also confirmed the testimony 
 of the Emperor Sigismond, which is here omit- 
 ted, and only the latter part of his examina- 
 tion recorded. 
 
 Q. When you were brought before the 
 Council of Constance, what examination did 
 you undergo? 
 
 A. I was not allowed a hearing. They ex>- 
 claimed on all sides, " Away with him, bum 
 him, burn him." 
 
 Q. Did they proceed to burn you immedi- 
 ately? 
 
 A. No, I was confined full ten months in a 
 
 loathsome prison, and such was my weakness 
 
 that one day I was persuaded to recant; but
 
 121 
 
 when taken before the Council I revoked my 
 recantation and opposed the authority of the 
 prisoner as far as I was able. I was then con- 
 demned as a relapsed heretic to be burnt to 
 death. Immediately they dressed me in a 
 paper cap, ornamented with flaming devils; 
 and led me to the place of execution. When 
 the cap was placed upon my head, I said 
 " The Lord Jesus Christ, when he suffered 
 " death for me, a miserable sinner, wore upon 
 " his head a crown of thorns, and I, for his 
 " sake, will cheerfully wear this cap." When 
 I was bound to the stake, the executioner 
 went behind me to kindle the fire, when I 
 was so strengthened by my Lord, that I said 
 to him, " Come here, and kindle it before my 
 " eyes, for I had not come hither if T had been 
 " afraid of it." The fire was now kindled and 
 the flames surrounded me, while my soul was 
 filled with such heavenly courage, that great- 
 ly astonished the beholders. My sovereign 
 Lord the King now appeared in sight, and 
 by a special celestial guard I was rescued 
 out of their hands. The last words they 
 heard me speak were, " In these flames, O 
 " Christ, I offer up my soul to thee;" and be- 
 cause I disappeared out of their sight, they 
 spread the report that they saw me burnt to 
 death. This was in the year 1416, on the 
 30th day of May. 
 
 Jeronimo Savonerola, sworn. 
 Q. Have you not been employed by our 
 11
 
 King to preach the gospel in Italy since you 
 were a Dominican Friar? 
 
 A. I have endeavored to proclaim the glo- 
 ry and freeness of our King's grace to my 
 benighted countrymen, and to the glory of 
 his name my labors were blessed with suc- 
 cess. 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the court, what you 
 know of the prisoner during your residence in 
 Italy? 
 
 A. I will. When I knew him, he as usual 
 continued to change his name at different 
 times. But when I took notice of him, he 
 called himself by the name of Alexander VI. 
 The life and actions of the prisoner by this 
 name, evidently shewed, that he was a Nero 
 indeed. The crimes that his most deluded 
 followers have imputed to him, clearly prove 
 that he was destitute of every virtuous prin- 
 ciple, regardless of decency, and hardened 
 against the very feeling of shame. There is 
 upon record, a list of undoubted facts, which 
 for their number and atrocity, are sufficient 
 to render him by the name of Alexander VI. 
 odious and detestable, even to such as have 
 but the smallest tincture of humanity. 
 
 It is well known that the prisoner always 
 made profession of sanctity, even when his 
 conduct was the most infamous. He there- 
 fore claimed the title of His Holiness* while 
 living in all manner of wickedness. And al- 
 though he declared that the office of his priest-
 
 123 
 
 hood was too sacred to admit either himself 
 or any priest to have a lawful wife, he, with 
 diem in general, were living in fornication 
 and adultery. He therefore, to my own knoAv- 
 ledge, only during the time he went by the 
 name of Alexander VI. had, by one concubine, 
 with whom he lived several years, four illegit- 
 imate sons, among whom was the infamous 
 Ca>sar Borgia, who followed his father in eve- 
 ry wickedness and abomination. A daughter, 
 named Lucrecia, was likewise among the 
 number of his spurious offspring. And his 
 only aim was to load them with riches and 
 honor, in contempt of every obstacle which 
 the demands of justice and the dictates of 
 reason laid in his way. 
 
 Thus he went on in his profligate career, 
 until the year 1503, when he took, by a pro- 
 vidential mistake, some poison, which he and 
 his wicked son had prepared for others, who 
 were obstacles in the way of their ambition. 
 The poison had so much effect, that it disabled 
 him, by this name, from pursuing this course, 
 when his old antagonist, Mr. Death, con- 
 strained him to assume a new title. During 
 my residence in Italy, I preached against the 
 luxury, avarice, and debauchery of the Roman 
 clergy in general, and of the tyranny and 
 wickedness in particular, of the prisoner and 
 his son, Caesar. I also wrote a book, entitled 
 " The Lamentations of the Spouse of Christ, 
 " against false Apostles; or an Exhortation to
 
 124 
 
 " the Faithful, that they would pray unto the 
 " Lord for the Renovation of his Church." 
 The prisoner then excommunicated and im- 
 prisoned me, and, after being most cruelly 
 tortured, I was chained to a stake and burnt, 
 on the 23d May, 1498, in the 46th year of 
 my age. I have not seen the prisoner from 
 that day to this, when I see him at the bar. 
 
 Roger Acton, John Beverly, and John Brown, 
 
 sworn. 
 
 These witnesses testified that they, together 
 with others, rejected the prisoner's authority, 
 during the time they lived in London. That 
 they frequently met in a field, called St. 
 Giles's Field, in the night, for prayer and so- 
 cial worship. That in the year 1413, on one 
 night they were seized by his order, and in 
 the said field were all (in number 36) hanged 
 by the neck, and fires kindled under them, 
 with intent to destroy them as heretics and 
 traitors. 
 
 Martin Luther, sworn. 
 
 When this witness appeared, the people 
 were very anxious to be gratified with a 
 sight of the old Reformer. The prisoner, how- 
 ever, did not seem to enjoy any satisfaction in 
 ^viewing him upon the green cloth; on the 
 contrary, he hung down his head, gave him a 
 malicious look, and appeared much con- 
 fused.
 
 Q. Where were you born? 
 
 A. I was born in Isleben, in Saxony, on 
 the 10th of November, in the year of our 
 Lord 1483. 
 
 Q. Look at the prisoner. Do you know him? 
 
 A. I do; and I believe he recollects rrie. 
 When I knew him at Rome, he went by the 
 names of Pope Alexander VI, Pius III, Ju- 
 lius II, Leo XI, Adrian VI, Clement VII, and 
 Paul III. 
 
 Q. Were you not once, one of his priests? 
 
 A. I was, I was called a monk of the order 
 of St. Augustine, and Professor of Divinity at 
 Wittemberg. But though I was his deluded 
 slave, yet I was never so happy in his service 
 as others appeared to be. I shall long remem- 
 ber, that when I was at Rome, how awfully 
 devoted I was to his despotic laws, although 
 I derived no solid satisfaction in my own 
 breast, for my obedience to them. There is" 
 at Rome, placed in one of the churches, a 
 (pretended very holy and celebrated) staircase, 
 consisting of twenty-eight steps of marble, 
 said to be taken from the house of Pontius Pi* 
 late, and which Christ is reported to have 
 ascended and descended several times. These 
 steps can only be ascended kneeling; and so 
 blinded was I and thousands by the prisoner, 
 that to crawl up these steps was thought' to 
 be one of the most meritorious actions that 
 could be performed. 
 
 At the bottom of these steps are frequently 
 11*
 
 126 
 
 seen, ten or twelve carriages of the first peo- 
 ple of Rome, waiting to perform this duty.* 
 Up and down these very stairs have I often 
 crept, but without that pleasure which igno- 
 rant devotees find in this ridiculous ceremony. 
 For although I was then unacquainted with 
 our beloved Sovereign, yet some words that 
 I had read of his, seemed continually resound- 
 ing in my ears, which led me to be dissatisfied 
 with what I did. The words were, " The 
 just shall live by faith." 
 
 Previous to the year 1517, the Lord was 
 pleased to enlighten my eyes to discover the 
 lawful government of our Lord the King, by 
 the reading of his own word. But being sur- 
 rounded by biggotry and superstition, and re- 
 taining too much of my former ignorance, I 
 scarcely knew how to disentangle myself from 
 his service. However in the same year an 
 pportunity offered to unfold, as far as I then 
 discovered, my views of the truth. 
 
 The prisoner had now set up the money 
 making trade of selling pardons and indul- 
 gences, and had published a catalogue of his 
 wares .t These were distributed by his agents, 
 with every possible addition, to excite the at- 
 tention and pick the pockets of such as were 
 duped by him. One John Tetzel, a Domini- 
 can Friar, had been chosen, on account of 
 
 *Vide Sketch of a Tour on the Continent, in 1786 and 7, by 
 J. E. Smith, M. D. vol. ii. p. 37. 
 
 t Vide Ta Cenceller Rom.
 
 127 
 
 his uncommon impudence, by Albert, Arch- 
 bishop of Mentz and Magdeburg, to preach 
 and proclaim in Germany these infamous 
 indulgences, and to promise the pardon of all 
 sins, however enormous, to all who were rich 
 enough to purchase them. This frontless 
 Monk executed his iniquitous commission with 
 matchless insolence, indecency and fraud. 
 
 Unable to smother my indignation at the 
 insult offered to my lawful Sovereign, King 
 Jesus, I raised my voice against this most 
 abominable traffic, and on the 30th September, 
 in the year 1517, did publicly at Wittemburg, 
 in ninety-nine propositions, condemn the whole 
 as diametrically opposite to the laws and sta- 
 tutes of Christ Jesus. Many in Germany had 
 long groaned under the iron sceptre of the 
 prisoner, and grievously murmured against 
 the extortions of his tax-gatherers, who daily 
 put in practice various stratagems to fleece 
 the rich and grind the face of the poor. Many 
 of these gladly received the declaration of the 
 all-sufficiency of Jesus and his atoning blood, 
 and consequently despised the pardons and 
 indulgences offered for sale by Tetzel and the 
 Dominicans. 
 
 The alarm of controversy was now sound- 
 ed, and Tetzel himself immediately appeared 
 against me, and pretended to refute what I 
 had declared, in two discourses he delivered 
 when he was made Doctor of Divinity. In 
 the following year two famous Dominicans,
 
 Sylvester De Prierro and Hoolgstart, rose up 
 against me, and attacked me at Cologn, with 
 the utmost violence. Their example was 
 followed by another named Eckius, a celebra- 
 ted professor of Divinity at Ingolstadt. and 
 one of the most zealous supporters of the Do- 
 minican order. I was enabled to stand my 
 ground against their united efforts, and the more 
 I disputed with them, the more I was convin- 
 ced that truth was on my side. At first the 
 prisoner, then called Leo X. seemed to view 
 the controversy with total indifference, as he 
 thought that a poor insignificant Monk was 
 not worth his notice. 
 
 At length the Emperor informed him of 
 what was likely to follow my labors in Ger- 
 many, when he summoned me to appear before 
 his tribunal at Rome. But the Elector of 
 Saxony, Frederic the Wise, pretending that my 
 cause belonged to a German Tribunal, this 
 summons was superseded. I was ordered to 
 justify my conduct before one of his Cardinals, 
 named Cajetan, who was at that time Legate 
 at the Diet of Augsburg. This man was my 
 decided enemy, a friend of Tetzel, and a Do- 
 minican, yet I repaired to Augsburg, in Octo- 
 ber, 1518. But had I even been disposed to 
 yield to the prisoner, this imperious Legate 
 was of all others the most improper to obtain 
 my submission. He in an overbearing tone, 
 desired me to renounce my opinions, without 
 ever attempting to prove them erroneous; and
 
 129 
 
 insisted on my immediate obedience to the 
 Pontiff's commands. 
 
 I could never think of yielding to terms, so 
 unreasonable in themselves and so despoti- 
 cally proposed, and as I found my judge and 
 adversary inaccessible to reason and argu- 
 ment, I left Augsburg immediately. The 
 prisoner then published a special Edict, " com- 
 manding his spiritual subjects to acknowledge 
 his power of delivering from all the punish- 
 ment due to sin and transgression of every 
 kind." As soon as I perceived this decree, 
 I repaired to Wittemburg, and on the 28th 
 day of November appealed from him to a Gen- 
 eral council. After this the prisoner appeared 
 to think that Cajetan was not a proper per- 
 son to reconcile me to him, and he resolved 
 to employ one more moderate and insinuating. 
 Accordingly one Charles Miltitz, a Saxon 
 Knight, belonging to the court of Rome, was 
 delegated by him to make a second attempt 
 to restore me. This new Legate was there- 
 fore sent into Saxony, to present to Frederic 
 the Golden Consecrated Rose, and to treat 
 with me about a reconciliation. 
 
 Q. Did not Cajetan, make use of some 
 very awful expressions to prove the power of 
 the prisoner to pardon sin, &c. 
 
 A. He did. He said among many other 
 absurd expressions, " That one drop of 
 " Christ's blood being sufficient to redeem the 
 u whole human race, the remaining quantity
 
 130 
 
 " that was shed in the Garden and upon the 
 " Cross, was left as a legacy to the church, 
 " to be a treasure from whence indulgences 
 " were to be drawn and administered by the 
 " Roman pontiff!" The prisoner had published 
 the same before in one of his Decretals, when 
 he was known by the name of Pope Clement 
 VI. which is called, and that justly for more 
 reasons than one, Extravagants. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect what arguments Miltitz 
 made use of to persuade you to return to the 
 prisoner's authority? 
 
 A. I do. He first proceeded to demand of 
 the Elector, that he would either oblige me to 
 return to the obedience of the See of Rome, or 
 withdraw his protection from me. But per- 
 ceiving that he was received by the Elector 
 with a degree of coldness bordering on con- 
 tempt, and that the cause for which I pleaded 
 was too far advanced to be destroyed by the 
 effects of mere authority; he had recourse to 
 gentle methods. He loaded Tetzel with the bit- 
 terest reproaches, on account of the irregu- 
 lar and superstitious means he had employ- 
 ed, for promoting the sale of indulgences, 
 and attributed to this miserable wretch all 
 the abuses I had complained of. 
 
 Tetzel, on the other hand, burdened with 
 the iniquities of Rome, tormented with the 
 consciousness of his own injustice and extor- 
 tions, died of grief and despair. I confess I 
 was so affected by the agonies of despair un-
 
 131 
 
 der which this unhappy rebel labored, that I 
 wrote him a pathetic letter. And as 1 knew in 
 a degree the freeness and fulness of our King's 
 grace, to pardon the vilest traitor upon earth, 
 I endeavored, to the utmost of my power, to 
 beseech him to be reconciled to our Lord the 
 King. But it produced no good effect, for as 
 he lived, so he died, a great traitor to the go- 
 vernment of heaven. His infamy was perpe- 
 tuated by a picture placed in the church of 
 Penna, in which he is represented on an ass, 
 selling indulgences to a deluded multitude. 
 
 This incendiary being sacrificed as a victim 
 to cover the Roman Pontiff from reproach, 
 Miltitz entered into particular conversation 
 with me at Altenburg. He did not pretend to 
 justify the scandalous traffic in indulgences, 
 but requested me to acknowledge the four fol- 
 lowing things: " 1st. That the people had been 
 " seduced by false notions of indulgences. 2d. 
 " That I had been the cause of that seduction, 
 "by representing indulgences much more 
 " heinous than they really were. 3d. That the 
 " odious conduct of Tetzel alone had given 
 " occasion to these representations- And, 
 "4th. That though the avarice of Albert, 
 44 Archbishop of Mentz, had set on Tetzel, yet 
 " that his rapacious tax-gatherer had exceed- 
 " ed by far, the bounds of his commission." 
 These proposals were accompanied with many 
 soothing words and pompous encomiums on 
 my character, capacity, and talents; and with
 
 132 
 
 the softest and most pathetic expostulations 
 in favor of union and concord: all which he 
 joined together with the greatest dexterity and 
 address, in order to touch and disarm me; 
 and at first, I must confess, it produced too 
 much effect. But the result was, I refused to 
 comply with his request; and the prisoner is- 
 sued out a bull against me, dated the 15th 
 day of June, 1520, in which forty-one pre- 
 tended heresies, extracted from my writings, 
 were solemnly condemned, all my writings 
 ordered to be publicly burnt; I, on pain of ex- 
 communication, to confess and retract my 
 errors within the space of sixty days, and cast 
 myself upon the clemency and mercy of the 
 Pontiff. I then resolved to show, in the most 
 public manner, that I had withdrawn from the 
 prisoner's authority, despised his papal thun- 
 der, and in future would own no other Sove- 
 reign but our Lord and everlasting King. I 
 therefore, on the 10th of December, in the 
 year 1520, caused a pile of wood to be erected 
 without the walls of the city of Wittemburg; 
 and there, in the presence of a prodigious 
 multitude of people, of all ranks and orders, 
 I committed to the flames both his bull that 
 he published against me, and the Decretals 
 and Canons relating to his supreme jurisdic- 
 tion, as the pretended Vicar of Christ. 
 
 By this act I designed to declare to the 
 world, that I was no longer a subject of the 
 Pope. For the man who commits to the
 
 133 
 
 flames the code that contains the laws of his 
 Sovereign, shews thereby, that he has no 
 longer any respect for his government, nor 
 any design to submit to his authority. In 
 less than a month another Bull was pro- 
 claimed against me, bearing date the 6th day 
 of January, 1521, by which I was expelled 
 from the communion of the church of Rome, 
 for having " insulted the Majesty and disown- 
 ed the Supremacy" of the prisoner at the bar. 
 
 Such iniquitous laws, enacted against me, 
 produced an effect very different from what " 
 the imperious pontiff expected. The Lord 
 enabled me to wax more bold against his trai- 
 torous government; and the numbers who de- 
 serted his standard, and came over and pro- 
 fessed allegiance to our beloved Sovereign, 
 encouraged me yet more. The Lord stirred 
 up others also, in different countries, to oppose 
 the sovereignty of the prisoner; and the pillars 
 of Babylon, his strong hold, began to trem- 
 ble. Several heralds were also engaged by .. 
 our King, to proclaim pardon to rebels who * 
 rejected Antichrist, and returned to their 
 allegiance. 
 
 The Emperor Maximilian I. having departed- 
 this life, and his grandson, Charles V. King 
 of Spain, succeeding him, the prisoner took 
 this opportunity of venting and executing his 
 vengeance, as far as he could, on such as 
 dared to call in question his power. He put 
 the new Emperor in mind of his character, as 
 12
 
 Advocate and defender of the Church, and de- 
 manded on me exemplary punishment. Fred- 
 eric, the Elector, however, employed his inter- 
 est with Charles, so far as to prevent any 
 unjust sentence being pronounced against me 
 till I was heard, I was therefore ordered to 
 repair to Worms, within twenty-one days, in 
 order that my conduct might be examined and 
 decided upon in the public Diet. 
 
 When I appeared before the Emperor, 
 Princes, and assembly, I was desired to recant 
 and retract what I had published; but which 
 I absolutely refused, unless it could be proved 
 that w r hat I had written was contrary to the 
 word of God. I insisted, that I could prove, 
 that the Pope of Rome and his general coun- 
 cils had frequently erred and that grievously; 
 and therefore it would be an ungodly thing in 
 me, or any other, to assent to them, and de- 
 part from the Holy Scriptures, which could 
 not err. Some attempted to persuade the 
 Emperor to violate his promise of protection 
 , to me, as Sigismond had done before to John 
 Huss; but he would not. I therefore was 
 permitted to depart, and the Emperor gave 
 me twenty-one days' protection on my way, 
 home. After my departure from the Diet, I 
 was condemned as an enemy to the Holy Ro- 
 man Empire. The Elector, Frederic, who 
 saw the storm raising against me, used sucli 
 precautions as he could to secure me from its 
 violence. For this purpose he sent three or
 
 135 
 
 four persons in whom he could confide, t 
 meet me on my return from the Diet, in order 
 to conduct me to a place of safety, who, dis- 
 guised by masks, executed their commission 
 with the utmost secrecy and success. I was 
 taken to the Castle of Wartenburg, where I 
 continued full ten months, and employed this 
 involuntary leisure in translating the Scrip- 
 tures into the Dutch language, and writing 
 several works which I afterwards published. 
 
 I left this Patmos, in the month of March, 
 1522, without either the knowledge or consent 
 of Frederic, my protector, as I could not bear 
 to be hid in the hour of danger. Having 
 returned to Wittemburg, and translated some 
 part of the Scriptures into the German tongue, 
 it is almost incredible the sudden and blessed 
 effects it produced, when circulated among 
 the people. From the minds of many it extir- 
 pated, root and branch, the superstition, idol- 
 atry, and rebellion, scattered over the earth 
 by the prisoner. 
 
 While the proclamation of the laws of our 
 King produced wonders, the prisoner changed 
 his name to Adrian VI. By this name he 
 sent a Legate to the Diet assembled at Nu- 
 remberg, in the year 1522, to demand the 
 speedy and vigorous execution of the sentence 
 pronounced against me at Worms. The next 
 year, the same demand was made in the most 
 violent manner, by the name of Pope Clement 
 VIL Frederic, Elector ^of Saxony, died in
 
 136 
 
 the year 1528, and John, his brother, succeed- 
 ed him. He immediately acted a decided part; 
 for being fully convinced, that the authority 
 of the prisoner was usurped, he rejected him 
 and his superstitious laws. 
 
 One assembly met after another in Germa- 
 ny, which rather increased than checked the 
 progress of the Reformation. The prisoner 
 not meeting with the support he wished from 
 the Emperor, Charles V., entered into a con- 
 federacy with the French and Venitians against 
 that Prince. Charles, though one of the pri- 
 soner's church or society, being greatly exas- 
 perated at his conduct, abolished the papal 
 authority in his Spanish dominions, made war 
 upon the Pope in Italy, and laid siege to Rome 
 in the year 1527. The prisoner, then Clem- 
 ent VII. was blocked up in the Castle of St. 
 Angelo, and exposed to severe but legal treat- 
 ment; during which time the princes of the 
 empire enjoyed some tranquillity. 
 
 After this, Charles made peace with the 
 prisoner, and again supported him in rebellion: 
 and in an assembly held at Spires, in the year 
 1529, decreed it unlawful for any person to 
 change or alter his religious government. 
 This decree was justly considered as iniquit- 
 ous and intolerable by the Elector of Saxony, 
 Landgrave of Hesse, and others, who remon- 
 strated, but in vain. They then entered a 
 solemn protest against the decree and prison- 
 er, on the 19th day of April; and from that
 
 137 
 
 day the appellation of Protestant has been 
 given to such as protest against his vile au- 
 thority. 
 
 At last the famous council of Trent was 
 proposed, and after much altercation, assem- 
 bled on the 13th day of December, 1545. 
 The Emperor and prisoner had mutually re- 
 solved the destruction of all who should op* 
 pose this Council, and the meeting of the as- 
 sembly was to be the signal for taking arms. 
 Accordingly its deliberations were scarcely 
 begun, before armies appeared ready to deluge 
 Germany inJiuman gore. 
 
 Notwithstanding this, several Princes pub- 
 licly rejected the prisoner's authority, and hk 
 convention of Rebels at Trent; and appeared 
 in the field to defend their rights. Of the 
 scenes of tumult and the calamities that fol- 
 lowed I can say but little, for being sixty- 
 three years of age, my Sovereign thought 
 proper to withdraw me from the scene, whilst 
 I was at Isleben on the 18th day of February, 
 1 546. Being superannuated I have from that 
 day lived upon a liberal pension of everlasting 
 life, and have not seen the prisoner from that 
 day to this. 
 
 Cross-exam'uied by Mr. Jesuit- 
 Q. Did you not vow, as a Monk, to observe 
 Celibacy? 
 
 A. I did, when I was ignorant of God and 
 his laws- 
 
 12*
 
 138 
 
 Q. Do not all Nuns solemnly vow the 
 same? 
 
 A. They do: and when people have taken 
 leave of their reason they may promise any 
 thing. 
 
 Q. Did you not marry contrary to your 
 vow? and was not the woman you married a 
 Nun, who violated her oath to marry you? 
 
 A. I did marry contrary to my vows which 
 I made when a stranger to my Lord the 
 King; and I married a Nun, so called, con- 
 trary to her vows. I had God's authority to 
 marry, and the Pope's to live a single life. 
 When therefore, I rejected the prisoner's 
 usurped government, I rejected his laws; and 
 when I became a subject of my Lord's king- 
 dom, I rendered obedience to him. 
 
 Q. But did you not do it contrary to your 
 oath? 
 
 A. I have before observed, that I did con- 
 trary to my monkish vows. I had also 
 promised as a priest to own the prisoner's 
 rebellious authority, but can it be supposed, 
 that because a man has been reared in rebel- 
 lion, ignorant of his lawful sovereign, and a 
 stranger to his laws, and has been made to 
 vow or promise obedience to a tyrant, that he 
 is always bound to remain a traitor all the 
 days of his life. The laws and statutes of my 
 Prince, as well as the laws of reason, justify 
 the act I did. 
 
 Q. Where was your religion before you?
 
 139 
 
 A. In the Bible, and in the hearts of all the 
 faithful subjects of our Lord the King. 
 Where was my religion before me! Attend to 
 the witnesses that have been examined. They 
 prove that God has, in all ages, had a people 
 to serve him. Look also into the Valleys of 
 Piedmont, at the Waldenses, and ask Popish 
 writers themselves, they will tell you^ they 
 were five hundred years before me, and some 
 of them say that from the time of the Apos- 
 tles, they were continued. And if there were 
 no enemies to Antichrist before me, how came 
 it to pass that he chained so many to the 
 stake for heresy, many centuries before I was 
 born? 
 
 Philip Melancthon, sworn. 
 
 Q. Were you not once under the prisoner's 
 authority? 
 
 A. I was, but blessed be God, not now. 
 
 Q. Did you continue long in his service? 
 
 A. Till I was about twenty-four years of 
 age. When about that age, I attended to 
 hear Martin Luther dispute with Eckius, on 
 the Supremacy of the Pope of Rome; and 
 from that time I was so fully convinced that 
 the prisoner's power was usurped, that I 
 united with Luther and we became intimate 
 friends. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect any of the arguments 
 brought by Eckius, to support the prisoner's 
 authority?
 
 140 
 
 A. All his arguments were derived from 
 the spurious and insipid Decretals which were 
 scarcely of four hundred years' standing;* 
 while Luther proved to a demonstration, that 
 the Church of Rome, in the earlier ages, had 
 never been acknowledged as superior to other 
 churches, and combated that church (so call- 
 ed) and the prisoner, from the testimony of 
 the Scripture, the authority even of those Fa- 
 thers they pretend to venerate, the best Eccle- 
 siastical Historians, and even from the decrees 
 of the council of Nice itself. 
 
 Q. Do you remember the prisoner's send- 
 ing the Dominican Friars to sell his pardons? 
 A. I do. Some pardons were offered for 
 sins impossible to be committed, and too 
 shocking to be imagined; others, for sins fu- 
 ture as well as past. Indulgences were often 
 t ranted to whole fraternities, and sometimes 
 >r a thousand years or more. And among 
 the relics exhibited to view, was a plume, said 
 to be a plume of the wing of St. Michael, the 
 Archangel. John Tetzel often shocked me 
 with his awful blasphemies. He, in attempt- 
 ing to describe the efficacy of the indulgences 
 he had to vend, said, " That, even had any one 
 44 deflowered the mother of God, he had from 
 *' the Pope (or prisoner) wherewithal to efface 
 *' his guilt!" And he also boasted, that " he 
 " had saved more souls out of hell by his in- 
 4< dulgences, than St. Petejr had converted to 
 
 * Vide Seckendorflfs Hist, of LutJi.
 
 "Christianity by his preaching." He also 
 promised to every one that would put ten 
 shillings into the box which he carried about 
 with him, license to eat white meats and flesh 
 in lent, and power to deliver what soul they 
 would out of purgatory; and moreover full 
 pardon for all his sins, however heinous. But 
 if it was one jot less than ten shillings, he said 
 it would profit nothing. 
 
 Ulric Zumglius, the Reformer, of Switzerland, 
 sworn. 
 
 Q. Were you not once under the authority 
 of the prisoner at the bar? 
 
 A. I was. I was called a Canon of Zurich, 
 and an Archdeacon in Switzerland; but I be- 
 gan to manifest my public opposition to his 
 government in the year 1519. I had previous 
 to that time, been led to suspect that the pris- 
 oner had usurped his authority, and was 
 really a rebel in disguise; and afterwards I was 
 satisfied that my suspicions were well found- 
 ed. Soon after this, the prisoner sent into 
 Switzerland an Italian Monk whose name 
 was Samson, to carry on the same impious 
 traffic of Indulgences, as Tetzel had done in 
 Germany. I opposed the traitor Samson and 
 his master who sent him; and at last I had 
 the satisfaction of seeing by far the greater 
 part of Switzerland reject the authority of 
 the prisoner at the bar.
 
 142 
 
 William, Prince of Orange, sworn. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect the prisoner's conduct 
 to the people of the Low Countries, and if it 
 was ever computed, how many were murdered 
 by the Duke of Alva? 
 
 A. I do. When they were liberated from 
 his shackles by the preaching of the Gospel, 
 he took the most violent measures to reinslave 
 them. For this purpose he augmented the 
 number of his rebellious Bishops, established 
 that horrid tribunal called the Holy Inquisi- 
 tion, and inhumanly tortured and murdered 
 by racks, gibbets, and fires, many thousands, 
 besides those who perished by the sword. 
 The Duke of Alva himself boasted, that in 
 the Netherlands alone, within the space of a 
 few years, he had despatched 36,000 souls, 
 by the hands of the common executioner. The 
 Jesuits, from their first institution, to the 
 year 1480, that is, between thirty and forty 
 years, are computed to have put to death 
 900,000 Christians, by the prisoner's authori- 
 ty. And in tffe space of scarce thirty years, 
 the Inquisition destroyed, by various tortures, 
 150,000. One Saunders, a priest, confesses 
 that an innumerable multitude were burnt 
 throughout all Europe. 
 
 John Calvin, the Reformer, sworn. 
 Q. Are you not a Frenchman by birth? 
 A. I was born at Noyon, in Picardy, in
 
 143 
 
 France, on the 10th day of July, 1509. I was 
 educated in the church of Rome, and ordained 
 in her corrupt communion, but I rejected his 
 traitorous supremacy in the year 1534, when 
 I was about 25 years of age. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner burn and destroy 
 very many subjects of our Lord the King in 
 France, while you resided there? 
 
 A. He did. My heart bled to see the 
 slaughter he made daily. I witnessed many 
 of my friends, who were the blessed subjects 
 of our King, daily committed to the flames 
 by King Francis I. who acted as executioner 
 for the prisoner, and being filled with indigna- 
 tion against his awful and cruel conduct, I 
 was constrained to protest against him. The 
 excellent Queen of Navarre more than once 
 saved me from the fire. But at last I was 
 obliged to fly from France into Switzerland, 
 to escape the cruel persecution of my native 
 country. I retired to Basil, where I published 
 a book called " Christian Institutions," which 
 I dedicated to Francis I. with the design to 
 soften the unrelenting fury of that Prince 
 against the Protestants. At Geneva I was 
 chosen- to be the pastor of a Christian Church, 
 that professed obedience to the laws of Jesua, 
 acknowledged him alone for their head, and 
 rejected the prisoner and all his rebellious or- 
 ders of priests. With this church I continued 
 till the year 1564, when 1 was called by our 
 Sovereign from them into his kingdom.
 
 Cross-examined by Counsellor Quisle. 
 
 Q. Do you think that the prisoner acted 
 wrong, when he put those to death who would 
 not acknowledge his religion? 
 
 A. I certainly do. 
 
 Q. Did you not take an active part in the 
 persecution of Servetus, and were you not 
 accessary to his death? 
 
 A. I confess I did; and I then attempted to 
 justify the act. This was one of the awful 
 effects of being educated under the prisoner. 
 I learnt this doctrine at Rome, and it made 
 too deep an impression upon a mind, which 
 was too much beclouded with Popish error. 
 I knew not what spirit I was of. It was too 
 much the prevailing opinion of all parties at 
 that time, that incorrigible heretics ought not 
 to live; and I was led astray. Servetus was 
 certainly a violent enemy to the doctrine of the 
 Trinity, and of the Deity and Atonement of 
 Jesus Christ. His positions were singularly 
 daring, and his language grossly indecent on 
 these subjects. I therefore thought that it 
 might lead some to conclude that I gave en- 
 couragement to rebellion, though I rejected 
 the usurped authority of the Pope of Rome, if 
 I did not give my sanction to his punishment^ 
 But I was evidently wrong. 
 
 Peter Martyr, of Naples, sworn. 
 Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar endeavor
 
 145 
 
 to introduce his office of inquisition into the 
 City of Naples? 
 
 A. He did. After the Reformation begun 
 by Luther, it pleased the Lord to enable me 
 and one Bernard Ochinp to testify publicly 
 against the enormity of the reigning supersti- 
 tion, and the Papal yoke. A number of all 
 ranks raid orders began now to express their 
 aversion to the prisoner's treasonable con- 
 duct; and he to put a stop to the progress of 
 the Reformation, let loose upon these pre- 
 tended heretics his bloody inquisitors, who 
 spread the mark of their usual barbarity 
 through the greatest part of Italy. But the 
 terrors of the inquisition, could never pene- 
 trate into the kingdom of Naples. Nor could 
 either the authority or entreaties of the 
 Roman Pontiff, engage the Neapolitans to 
 admit within their territories either a Court 
 of Inquisition, or even visiting Inquisitors. 
 
 Augustine Casal, Preacher to diaries V. sworn. 
 
 Q. Did not you, and several others that 
 were once connected with the prisoner at the 
 bar as priests attend the Emperor Charles V.? 
 
 A. I did. I was brought by Charles V. 
 into Germany, to combat the pretended heresy 
 of Luther; but I propagated on my return the 
 very doctrines I set out to oppose. Several 
 others also, who accompanied the Emperor 
 did the same; Constantine Pontius, his con- 
 fessor, the learned Egedius, whom he had 
 13
 
 FIG 
 
 nominated to the Bishopric of Tartosa, Bar- 
 tholomew De Caranza, a Dominican, \vho had 
 been confessor to King Philip and cruel queen 
 Mary, with above twenty more. After this 
 Charles V. abdicated the throne, and retreat- 
 ed to spend the remainder of his days in 
 retirement, in the year 1557. He evidently 
 saw the folly of vindicating the prisoner's 
 authority, and after he had withdrawn from 
 the busy scene of public life about two years, 
 lie died; and was supposed to die a Protestant. 
 No sooner was the breath of this Monarch 
 gone, but I and the pessons before noticed 
 were put into the Inquisition, and all com- 
 mitted to the flames, or delivered over to death 
 in other forms equally terrible to nature. 
 
 Dennis Rcnix, Martyr in France, sworn. 
 This witness said that he had lived at Melde 
 in France for several years. That he knew 
 the prisoner well. That he saw a number of 
 Protestants burnt and tortured. That one 
 Jo de Roma, a Monk, who was commissioned 
 to examine Lutherans, among other horrible 
 means to torment them, he used to take the 
 most pleasure in filling boots with boiling 
 grease and putting them on their legs, arid 
 tying them on the back on forms with their 
 legs hanging over a small fire while he exam- 
 ined then). That among the multitudes that 
 'were burnt, was a book-seller for selling a 
 bible. That upon a complaint made to the
 
 147 
 
 council, that the Judges suffered heretics t 
 have their tongues, a decree was made that aH 
 who were burnt should have their tongues cut 
 off unless they recanted at the fire; which was 
 afterwards strictly observed. That being 
 himself a great enemy to the prisoner and 
 his government, and having publicly testified 
 against his Mass, he was taken by his orders 
 in the year 1558, and chained to a stake to be 
 burnt by a slow fire. And that the prisoner 
 then known by the name of Pope Paul IV. 
 did suppose that he was burnt to death. 
 
 And deponent further said, that one John 
 Clark having written on paper that the priso- 
 ner was Antichrist, and his pardons treasona- 
 ble; and having broken some images to pieces; 
 was first whipt three days and burnt in the 
 forehead. That afterwards at Mentz he was 
 taken to the place of execution where he was 
 tortured in the most cruel manner. That his 
 right hand was first cut off, then his nose 
 was torn from his face with sharp pincers, 
 and further dismembered while he stood at 
 the stake to be burnt by order of the prisoner. 
 
 Admiral Gasper de Coli^ny, who Buffered in 
 the Massacre of Paris, sworn. 
 
 Q. Were you at Paris on the eve of the 
 24th day of August, or St. Bartholomew's 
 day, 1572? 
 
 A. I was. 
 
 Q. Was there not a dreadful .massacre at
 
 that night of many thousand protest- 
 ants, by order of the prisoner? 
 
 A. There was. It is an event well know r n 
 in history, and perhaps the blackest upon 
 record. 
 
 Q. Will you relate to the court w r hat took 
 place on that night? 
 
 A. The Almighty having been pleased to 
 cause the proclamation of his Gospel to be 
 made in France, many were led to discover 
 the usurped authority of the prisoner and 
 acknowledge our Sovereign Lord the King. 
 When the prisoner according to the tyrannical 
 laws of his kingdom, caused a general slaugh- 
 ter to take place; and almost in every town 
 and village were fires kindled, gibbets erected, 
 and tortures prepared for such as presumed 
 to call in question his being the Vicar of 
 Christ and Prince of the Apostles. Previous 
 to the reign of Charles IX. the prisoner had 
 employed as his common executioners three 
 Kings of France; Francis I. Henry II. and 
 Francis II. who were very active at this aw- 
 ful work. Charles was early trained to this 
 shocking employment, and for cruelty, hypoc- 
 risy, bigotry, and every savage property, 
 could scarcely be equalled by any of the in- 
 habitants of the infernal mansions. He was 
 one of the prisoner's pets. 
 
 In his reign, in addition to all the dreadful 
 decrees against his peaceable Protestant sub- 
 jects, an edict was published in July, 1562,.
 
 declaring it lawful to kill att the Hugonots 
 wherever any could be found. This decree 
 was read publicly in every parish on every 
 Lord's day, and innumerable multitudes were 
 slain. 
 
 Three civil wars succeeded each other. 
 At last the court pretended to grant the Pro- 
 testants a very advantageous peace in the 
 year 1570, and a match was concluded be- 
 tween Henry,* the young King of Navarre, a 
 protestant, and the French King's sistor. The 
 heads of the protestants were invitecffio cele- 
 brate the nuptials at Paris with the infernal 
 view of butchering them all if possible in one 
 night- The Queen of Navarre, who had visited 
 Paris, in order to be present at her son's mar- 
 riage, now took ill and died, as it was after- 
 wards suspected, by being poisoned, she being 
 supposed a heretic. A few days after I was 
 wounded by a musquet ball whilst walking 
 the streets, but such were the professions 
 then made of union and affection, that none 
 suspected the design. Charles immediately 
 visited me, and wept when he saw how I was 
 wounded; he expressed the greatest sorrow 
 on my account; and vowed the greatest ven- 
 geance on the assassin. He offered me a part 
 of his guards, who under the pretext of pro- 
 tecting me, were to admit the remainder into 
 my chamber at midnight to murder me. 
 
 Exactly at midnight on the eve of St. Bar- 
 
 * Afterwards the celebrated Henry IV. 
 
 13*
 
 150 
 
 tholomew, (so called) 1572, the alarm bell 
 was rting in the Palais Royale, as the signal 
 of death. About five hundred Protestant 
 Barons, Knights, and Gentlemen, who had 
 come from all parts to honor the wedding, 
 were among the rest barbarously butchered 
 in their beds. The Gentlemen, officers of 
 the chamber, Governors, Tutors, and house- 
 hold servants of the King of Navarre, and 
 Prince of Conde, were driven out of their 
 chambqgp where they slept in the Louvre, 
 and being in the court were massacred in the 
 King's presence. The slaughter was now 
 general through the city, and as Thuanus 
 writes " that the very channels ran down with 
 blood into the river."* This was however 
 magnified as a glorious action, and the King, 
 who was one of the most active murderers, 
 boasted that he had put 70,000 heretics to 
 death. 
 
 It is scarcely possible that it can even be 
 supposed, that I can describe the horrors of 
 that Sunday night. I might quote the words 
 of a French author who wrote the history of 
 France from the reign of Henry II. to Henry 
 IV. and say, " How strange and horrible a 
 " thing it was, in a large town to see at least 
 "60,000 men with pistols, pikes, cutlasses, 
 44 poniards, knives and other bloody instru- 
 " ments, run svreariag and blaspheming the 
 
 * Vide Thuan. Hist. lib. 52. 1572. Tom. 2. fol. 821. Genera, 
 1620.
 
 151 
 
 ** sacred Majesty of God through the streets 
 44 into houses, where most cruelly they mas- 
 44 sacred all whomsoever they met, without 
 " regard of estate, condition, sex, or age. 
 
 " The streets paved with bodies cut and 
 44 hewn to pieces; the gates and entries of 
 "houses, palaces, and public places dyed 
 44 with blood. Shoutings and hallooings of 
 44 the murderers, mixed with continual noise 
 " of pistols and calivers discharged; the piti- 
 44 ful cries and shrieks of those that were mur- 
 " dering. Slain bodies cast out of the win- 
 44 dows upon the stones and drawn through 
 44 the dirt. Strange noise of whistling, break- 
 4 ing of doors and windows with bills and 
 44 stones. The spoiling and sacking of hous- 
 44 es. Carts, some carrying away the spoils, 
 44 others the dead bodies, which were thrown 
 44 into the river Seine, all now red with blood, 
 44 which ran out of the town and from the 
 " King's Palace." While the horrid scene 
 was transacting many Priests ran about the 
 City with crucifixes in one hand and daggers 
 in the other, to encourage the slaughter. 
 
 A band of ruffians soon rushed into my 
 chamber, while I was upon my knees suppli- 
 cating my King. Immediately they (did 
 what they called) despatched me, while the 
 young Duke of Guise waited at the door in 
 expectation of receiving my head to present 
 it to the inhuman King, and his bratal mother. 
 To those who are unacquainted with the pow-
 
 152 
 
 er of our King, my testimony may appear 
 incredible when I affirm, that my head was 
 really severed from my body, and after being 
 presented to the King and his mother, she 
 sent it embalmed to Rome, as a present to 
 the prisoner and the Cardinal of Lorrain. 
 Not satisfied with what they had done to me, 
 they proceeded to deprive me of some of the 
 members of my body, after which I was drag- 
 ged through the streets of the city for three 
 days, and then hung up by my feet to a gib- 
 bet at Montfaucon. The general opinion in 
 France was that I was dead, and I am cer- 
 tain the prisoner had no idea of seeing me 
 alive again. 
 
 He now gave Charles IX. public thanks 
 for his infernal work. He ordered the most 
 solemn rejoicings at Rome. He sung Te 
 Deum, and presumed to give the Almighty 
 public thanks for this victory. He also issued 
 forth a Bull for a Jubilee to be observed 
 throughout the kingdom of France on the 7th 
 day of December, 1572, as a particular day 
 of great and unusual joy for what he called the 
 happy success of the French King against his 
 heretic or protestant subjects. He also exhort- 
 ed Charles to pursue this salutary and blessed 
 enterprise, and fall upon them who called in 
 question his usurped supremacy. This cruel 
 slaughter brought on a fourth civil war. A 
 fresh peace was concluded in the year 1573, 
 with the protestants: yet a war broke out the
 
 next year, when Charles IX. stained with the 
 blood of thousands of his subjects, which 
 called for vengeance, was seized by order of 
 our Sovereign, by one of his officers, named 
 Mr. Death, and from that time has been de- 
 tained a prisoner in the fiery cell under the 
 charge of the keeper of the black gulf. He 
 left no issue on earth. 
 
 Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble. 
 
 Q. You are the first man I ever heard 
 speak after he lost his head! 
 
 A. Although I may be the first man that 
 you have heard speak after his head has been 
 severed from his body, I am not the first that 
 has appeared as a witness after being slain. 
 John the beloved servant of our King de- 
 clares, and this court knows it to be a fact, 
 that those who were " slain for the word of 
 " God, and the testimony which they held," 
 not only spake after, but spake with a loud 
 voice and applied to our Lord for judgment 
 against their murderers, and were gracious- 
 ly heard.* And he also testifies, that he 
 saw on thrones such as were, like me, really 
 beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for 
 the word of God, and which had not worship- 
 ped the beast, Antichrist, or his image; t and 
 that they lived and reigned afterwards with 
 our Sovereign King. For my own part I 
 declare that 1 have enjoyed now more real life 
 
 * BCT, vi. 911, t Rv, xx 4,
 
 154 
 
 from the day I was beheaded than ever I 
 did before. 
 
 Father Paul, sworn. 
 
 Q. As you wrote the History of the Coun- 
 cil of Trent, will you relate to the court what 
 you know of the prisoner, and some of the 
 proceedings of that rebellious assembly? 
 
 A. The Council of Trent was first summoned 
 by the prisoner under the name of Paul III. 
 It first met on the 13th of December, 1545, 
 and continued about nineteen years. Previ- 
 ous to the opening of it, the prisoner proclaim- 
 ed a Jubilee at Rome, promising pardon of 
 all sins, to all who prayed for the council, 
 confessed their sins, went in procession, and 
 fasted three days. The council was opened 
 by the Legate Monte, who sung the Mass of 
 the Holy Ghost. Previous to the meeting of 
 this Council, the prisoner by his base conduct, 
 had caused many in Germany and other parts 
 of Europe to reject his authority. By the 
 name of Urban II. about the year 1100 he 
 first set up the money making trade of vending 
 indulgences, and by the name of Leo X. in 
 1517, he acquired immense sums from all 
 Europe. Leo however divided the profits with 
 his sister Magdalene, the wife of Cibo, bastard 
 of Innocent VIII. by reason of which Leo 
 was made a Cardinal when he was only four- 
 teen years old. Leo gave his sister all the 
 profits arising from indulgences in Saxony
 
 and a part of Germany, and she set them up 
 for sale to the highest bidder. The pardon 
 mongers collected immense sums from every 
 nation they were sent to, as appears by one 
 Friar Samson, who collected 120,000 crowns 
 among the Swiss only. 
 
 The prisoner having changed his name to 
 Adrian VI. in the year 1522, and to that of 
 Clement VII. in 1524, and to Paul III. in 
 1534 he created his illegitimate son Peter 
 Aloisius, Duke of Parma and Placentia, and 
 a son of his a Cardinal at the age of fourteen. 
 A son of his illegitimate daughter Constanza, 
 was also made another; and his conduct was 
 such, that he was detested by every honest ' 
 man. His bastard Peter was assassinated in 
 his own palace two years after. In the year 
 1549, he gave up the name of Paul III. in a 
 violent fit of passion, and assumed that of 
 Julius III. when he sent cardinal Pole as his 
 Legate into England, to restore Great Britain 
 to his authority, bloody Queen Mary having 
 ascended the throne. This darling of the 
 prisoner within one year burnt 176 persons of 
 quality, and others who rejected his authority. 
 To please him she also dug up bodies out of 
 their graves after being buried four years. 
 Many also were burnt in France by the priso- 
 ner"^ orders. He commissioned the King to 
 grant to Diana Valentiha, his mistress, all the 
 goods confiscated for heresy: this covetous 
 harlot required the death of multitudes to sup-
 
 port her in her abominations, as a true daugh- 
 ter of the Church. 
 
 The prisoner having for a few years only 
 assumed the name of Marcellus II. he changeid 
 it to Paul IV. he then presumed to absolve 
 England from the crime of rejecting his su- 
 premacy in the reigns of Henry VIII. and 
 Edward VI. After which he wrote to his 
 own pet Mary, for the Peter's Pence, and the 
 restoration of land, that he claimed as St. 
 Peter's property. He told the people of Eng- 
 land " that they could not hope that St. Peter 
 " would open heaven unto them so long as 
 "they usurped his goods upon earth;" and 
 thus duped them out of a great deal of money. 
 He also created a number of Cardinals con- 
 trary to his most solemn oath; and when 
 reminded of it in the conclave, he declared it 
 heresy to suppose that the Pope could be 
 bound, or bind himself. 
 
 Notwithstanding the infamous conduct of 
 the Fathers* who composed the Council of 
 Trent, and the prisoner, he presumed to de- 
 clare, that the Council was guided by the Holy 
 Ghost: so that a blasphemous proverb was 
 generally used " that the Council of Trent was 
 "guided by the Holy Ghost sent hither from 
 " time to time in a cloak-bag from Rome." 
 I have taken notice of the laws this Council 
 made, though some of them are too absurd 
 
 * Trent was the rendezvous for prostitutes from every quarter 
 during the sitting of the Council.
 
 for any meaning to be attached to them, and 
 therefore the prisoner prohibited any other than 
 he should choose. But he clearly decreed- 
 Himself to be Vicar of Christ His church the 
 only true church The doctrine of transubstau- 
 tiation Merit of good works Purgatory -In- 
 vocation of Saints Veneration of Images 
 Seven Sacraments His power to grant Indul- 
 gences, to anathematize heretics, and to lay 
 a prohibition on the use of the Scriptures. Ah'd 
 that every thing decreed and declared by tiie 
 Council of Trent should be believed. He also 
 prohibited, by the name of Pius IV. the annota- 
 tions on the New Testament written by Eras- 
 mus, which he had sanctioned by the name of 
 Leo X. His Inquisitors also made out a list of 
 books to be condemned with their authors; and 
 even .prohibited all books printed by 62 print- 
 ers to be read, whether good or bad. The 
 prisoner was known by five different appella- 
 tions during the time the Council sat. 
 
 Q. Do you know how many Protestants the 
 prisoner put to death in the Netherlands? 
 
 A. Yes. In a very short time he hanged, 
 burned, buried alive, and beheaded 50,000. 
 
 Cross examined by Mr. Eyuivocator. 
 
 Q. Are you not a Priest? 
 
 A. I am; but it is well known, that I was 
 never fully reconciled to his authority. 
 
 Q. On your oath, were you promised pardon 
 in consideration of given evidence? 
 
 A. I gave my testimony voluntarily, I was 
 never promised pardon for so doing. 
 
 14 
 

 
 158 
 
 William Tindal, sworn* 
 This witness said that he was born in Wales. 
 That he wished to translate the Bible into the 
 English tongue, but was prevented in England. 
 That he went to Germany and there transla- 
 ted, first the New and afterwards the Old Tes- 
 tament, which being sent over into Great Bri- 
 tain produced much good. That in conse- 
 quence of his publishing the word of God, the 
 prisoner and his hireling Bishops thirsted for his 
 blood. That during the reign of Henry VTII. 
 one Henry Philips was sent to seize him at Ant- 
 werp. That he was imprisoned, tried and con- 
 demned. And that in the year 1536 he was 
 chained to a stake atFilfbrd, and burnt, (as was 
 supposed to death.) 
 
 Thomas Bennet, School-Master of Exeter, sworn. 
 Q. Did not the prisoner attempt to kill your 
 in the reign of Henry VIII. 
 
 A* He did. I wrote some papers which I 
 placed on the doors of the Cathedral and other 
 Churches saying that the Pope is Antichrist, 
 and we ought to worship God only and no 
 Saint. This gave great offence to the priests 
 under the prisoner's government, and they by 
 his authority, proceeded to curse the author,, 
 with Bell, Books, and Candle. The Priest wha 
 was to pronounce the curse, being in the pulpit 
 clothed in white; and the Friars and Monks 
 standing about him, a Cross was held up with 
 Candles fixed on it, when he pronounced the fol- 
 lowing words: " By the authority of God the 
 " Father Almighty, and the Blessed Virgin Ma- 
 " ry, of St. , Peter and Paul, and of the holy
 
 159 
 
 ** Saints, we excommunicate, we utterly curse 
 44 and bann, commit and deliver to the devil of 
 44 hell, him or her, whomsover he or she be, that 
 44 have in spite of God, and of St. Peter, whose 
 44 church this is. in spite of the holy Saints, and 
 " in spite of our Most Holy Father the Pope, 
 " God's Vicar here on earth, and in spite of the 
 " Reverend Father in God, John, our Diocesan, 
 44 and the worshipful Canons, Masters, Priests, 
 44 and Clerks, which serve God daily in this Ca- 
 44 thedral church, fixed up with wax such cursed 
 " and heretical bills, full of blasphemy, upon the 
 44 door of this and other holy churches within 
 44 this city. Excommunicate be he, or they, ple- 
 44 narily, and delivered over to the devil, as per- 
 44 petual malefactors and schismatics. Accursed 
 44 they be, and given body and soul to the devil. 
 44 Cursed be they, he or she, in cities and towns, 
 44 in fields and ways, in houses and out of houses, 
 44 and all other places, standing, lying, or rising, 
 44 walking, running, waking, sleeping, eating 
 44 drinking, and whatsoever thing they do be- 
 44 side. We separate them, him, or her, from the 
 " threshold, and from all the good prayers of 
 44 the church, from the participation of the holy 
 44 Mass, from all Sacraments, Chapels, and 
 44 Altars, from holy bread and holy water, from 
 44 all the merits of God's priests, and religious 
 44 men, and from all their cloisters, from all their 
 44 pardons, privileges, grants, and immunities, 
 44 which all the holy Fathers, Popes of Rome, 
 * 4 have granted to them. And we give them over 
 44 utterly to the power of the devil, and let us 
 * quench their souls, if they be dead this night,
 
 160 
 
 " in the pains of hell-fire as this candle is now 
 44 quenched and put out." And with that he 
 put out one of the candles. 
 
 "And let us pray to God, if they be alive, 
 4k that their eyes may be put out, as this candle- 
 " light is." Here he put out another candle. 
 " Let us pray to God and our Lady, and to St. 
 " Peter and St. Paul, and all holy saints, that 
 44 all the senses of their bodies may fail them 
 " and that they may have no feeling, as now the 
 4i light of this candle is gone;" putting out the 
 third candle; " except they, he, or she, come 
 " openly now and confess their blasphemy, and 
 ' by repentance (as in them shall lie) make sat- 
 " isfaction unto God and our Lady, St. Peter and 
 44 the worshipful company of this Cathedral 
 44 church." 
 
 Q. How did you act, after you heard this 
 anathema pronounced? 
 
 A. I wrote other papers till I w r as apprehend- 
 ed, when I confessed myself to be the author, 
 and that I would do the same to discover Anti- 
 christ, or the Pope, who wasted the church of 
 God. After refusing to recant, I was condemn- 
 ed to be burnt, delivered over to the Sheriff of 
 Devonshire for execution, and in Livery-dale 
 without Exeter, I was chained to the stake. 
 
 Several Martyrs, who suffered in England 
 during the reign of Queen Mary I. were now in- 
 troduced into the Court to give their evidence 
 against the prisoner. Only a few were examined. 
 John Rogers, sworn 
 
 Q. Were you the first man in England who 
 suffered by fire during the reign of Queen Mary?
 
 A. I was. Mary was employed by the Pris- 
 oner at the bar, as his common executioner in 
 England, and she made a greater proficiency in 
 kindling fires, to burn hr Protestant subjects, 
 than an hangman before her time. 
 
 Q. lit what year did she begin her reign? 
 
 A. In the year 1553; on the death of Edward 
 VI. Lady Jane Gray had been proclaimed a- 
 greeable to the request of Edward, but Mary, 
 who by intrigue and flattery first drew th6 
 county of Norfolk to support her claim, soon 
 obtained the crown. She then cut off the head 
 of the Lady Jane and her husband Lord Guil- 
 ford Dudley. Having established herself on the 
 throne, she proceeded like a female fury to re- 
 establish Popery. Cardinal Pole was restored, 
 and introduced to both houses of Parliament 
 as the Pope's Legate, and addressed them upon 
 the occasion. The parliament after this drew 
 a petition acknowledging their sorrow for 
 having rejected the priscmer's authority, re- 
 questing to be pardoned for their offences, and 
 restored into the bosom of the Church of Rome. 
 
 This petition being delivered to the Cardinal, 
 he gave them absolution m these words: "We 
 " (by the apostolic authority given unto us, by 
 " the Most Holy Lord, Pope Julius the third, 
 " Christ's vicegerant on earth,) do absolve and 
 " deliver you, and every of you, with the whole 
 " Realm and Dominions thereof, from all heresy 
 " and schism, and from all Judgments, Censured, 
 " and Pains, for that curse incurred: and also 
 *' we do restore you again to the unity of our 
 " Mother the holy Church." The report ol this 
 
 14*
 
 162 
 
 coming to Rome, caused great joy. The priso- 
 ner published a Bull for a Jubilee, and went in 
 procession to manifest the pleasure he felt on 
 this occasion. He then delegated Mary to be 
 his agent in England to put to death such as 
 rejected Popery, and I with many others were 
 dragged to prison. 
 
 Q. Were you not once one of his Priests? 
 
 A. I was. I was educated at Cambridge, 
 but being chosen chaplain to the factory at Ant- 
 werp, I became acquainted with Tindal and 
 Coverdale, who were translating the Bible. 
 Through their instrumentality, by the word I 
 assisted them to translate, I was led to see the 
 yile conduct of the prisoner and to reject his 
 authority. After this I married and travelled 
 into Saxony, and preached the gospel of Jesus 
 Christ for some years. Upon the accession of 
 King Edward VI. I came into England, and was 
 appointed a Prebend of St. Paul's, where I was 
 stationed on the return of Popery. On a com- 
 plaint being made that I preached the doctrines 
 of the reformation, I was cited before the Pris- 
 oner's bishop, and condemned as a heretic. 
 During my confinement I drew up an answer to 
 the charges brought against me, and vindicated 
 the doctrines of the atonement and justification 
 by the imputed righteousness of Christ. 
 
 After undergoing the ceremony of degrada- 
 tion, I was conducted to the flames in Smith- 
 field. My Wife with her ten children, with me 
 requested an interview before I was chained to 
 the stake, but so little of the milk of human 
 kindness did my enemies possess, that our uni-
 
 163 
 
 ted request was not granted. I was chained to 
 the stake, and the flames were kindled round 
 me, which continued to burn till I was delivered 
 out of their sight: this was in the year 1555. 
 
 Laurence Saunders, William Pigot, Stephen 
 Knight, Thomas Tomkins, Thomas Hawks, 
 John Lawrence, and William Hunter, being 
 sworn, said that they were chained to separate 
 stakes and burnt by order of the Prisoner. 
 Lawrence affirmed that when he was brought 
 to Colchester to be executed, his legs being so 
 worn by heavy irons in prison and his body so 
 weak, that he was obliged to be carried in a 
 chair to the stake, and the fire kindled round 
 him sitting. 
 
 Robert Farriar, Bishop of St. David's and 
 Rawlins White a Fisherman, both of Wales, 
 were next examined. They proved that they 
 suffered in like manner by the prisoner's orders. 
 
 A pile of iron chains was now produced to 
 the Court, which had been used by the prisoner, 
 to bind the witnesses and others to stakes. 
 
 Rowland Taylor, vicar of Audley in Essex, 
 being examined, affirmed, that he was cited be- 
 fore the Bishop of Winchester, whose name 
 was Stephen Gardner, and who next to Bonner 
 was one of the Prisoner's most active and cruel 
 executioners. That he was sent up to London 
 to the Queen's Bench prison and after repeated 
 examinations was condemned to be burnt as a 
 heretic. That he was sent down to his parish 
 to be executed. That as he entered Hadley the 
 streets were lined with his old parishioners, 
 who in general manifested their sorrow on his
 
 164 
 
 account. That at Aldham-Common, the place 
 of execution, he addressed the spectators, say- 
 ing, " I have taught you nothing but God's 
 " holy word, and am come hither to seal with 
 " my blood, those doctrines I have delivered 
 " unto you." That being chained to the stake 
 and the fire kindled, he was burned till he was 
 delivered out of the fire, and left nothing but a 
 few ashes, which led the prisoner and others to 
 suppose that he was dead. 
 
 Bishop Latimer, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner attempt to burn you? 
 
 A. He did. Upon the accession of Mary, I 
 with Bishop Ridley and Archbishop Cranmer, 
 were sent to the Tower, and from thence to Ox- 
 ford, to dispute with twelve men under the pris- 
 oner's government, selected from Cambridge 
 and Oxford. When the disputation was ended, 
 we were brought as prisoners on a stage, and 
 asked " whether we should persist in our opin- 
 ions or recant." We all affirmed that we 
 would persist, and were then condemned as her- 
 etics, to be burnt, but our execution was sus- 
 pended for some time. 
 
 Q. Was Nicholas Ridley, the Bishop, chain- 
 ed to the stake with you? 
 
 A. He was. We were both chained together 
 at one stake in Oxford. I was then about four- 
 score years of age, and my infirmities much 
 increased by the severity of my confinement, 
 yet as my day was, so strength was given. 
 Having long since declined my ecclesiastical 
 dignity, I appeared at the stake without any
 
 165 
 
 clerical habit. Ridley and I embraced and en- 
 couraged each other at the stake: he said to 
 me, " God will either assuage the fury of the 
 " flames, or enable us to endure it," and so he 
 did. The faggots being kindled I was soon ta- 
 ken in a fiery chariot to my King, but Ridley 
 was delayed for some time longer, when he 
 was mercifully delivered in like manner. 
 
 Bishop Ridley, being examined, confirmed 
 the testimony of the last witness. 
 
 Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did not the prisoner condemn you? 
 
 A. He did, but I suffered for a long time in 
 confinement before he attempted to execute the 
 sentence. I was also so weak, that one day by 
 threats and promises I was persuaded to sign 
 my recantation, though not the one published 
 by cruel Bonner. This however availed me 
 nothing, "The tender mercies of the prisoner are 
 " cruel." I was required to ratify my recanta- 
 tion publicly, and then to die for heresy. 
 Being called upon to address the people in St. 
 Mary's Church, Oxford, my enemies were thun- 
 derstruck at hearing me express my sorrow, for 
 my apostacy and weakness, and declared the 
 Pope to be Antichrist, and that I would first 
 burn my unworthy right hand that signed the 
 recantation. 
 
 Immediately a violent clamor ensued, and I 
 was hurried to the place of execution. A fire 
 being kindled round me, I held my right hand 
 in the flame till it was burnt, repeating " this 
 "unworthy hand this unworthy hand," and 
 calling upon the Redeemer in the words of Ste-
 
 166 
 
 phen, " Lord Jesus receive my spirit," when I 
 was rescued out of their hands. This was on 
 the 14th day of February, 1556, at Oxford. 
 
 George Marsh affirmed that by order of the 
 prisoner, he was burnt at Westchester. Robert 
 Smith, that he was burnt at Uxbridge. Thomas 
 Whittle, that he and six more were burnt in one 
 fire at Smithfield, on the 27th of January, 1556. 
 Anne Albright, said that she and three other 
 women and one man, were burnt at two stakes 
 and one fire at Canterbury, the 31st day of 
 January. Joan Trunchfield and Agnes Potter, 
 both married women, that they were burnt at Ips- 
 wich. Robert Drake, that he and five more suf- 
 fered at the one fire in Smithfield, on the 23d 
 day of April, in the same year. Catharine Hut, 
 that she and two other women were treated in 
 like manner at the said place. Thomas Drowry, 
 a blind boy, that he and one Thomas Croker 
 were burnt atGlouster. Ralph Jackson, that he, 
 ten men and two women, in all thirteen, were by 
 the prisoner's order, burnt together in one fire 
 at Stratford, near London, on the 27th day of 
 June. That the Dean of St. Paul's having de- 
 clared, in a sermon he preached after their con- 
 demnation, that they held as many different 
 opinions as persons, they drew up and signed a 
 declaration of their faith, part of which declared, 
 " That the See of Rome, was the See of Anti- 
 " christ, the congregation of the wicked, where- 
 " of the Pope is head under the devil." 
 
 Upwards of two hundred other witnesses were 
 in court, who were martyred in the reign of 
 Queen Mary, but the Attorney General said,
 
 167 
 
 that as it was not necessary to examine them to 
 prove the guilt of the prisoner, he would only 
 bring forward one witness to prove the number 
 that were burnt during her short but cruel reign. 
 
 Mr. Historical Truth again examined. 
 Q. Do you recollect how many were burnt 
 during the reign of Queen Mary? 
 
 A. I do. She burnt 1 Archbishop, 4 Bishops, 
 21 Ministers, 8 Gentlemen, 34 Artificers, 1000 
 Husbandmen, Servants, and Laborers, 26 
 Wives, 20 Widows, 9 unmarried women, 2 
 Boys and 2 infants; one 6f them was whipped 
 to death by Bishop Bonner, and the other 
 springing out of the mother's womb from the 
 stake, as she burned, was thrown again into 
 the fire. Several died in prison, and many 
 were otherwise cruelly treated.* 
 
 Q. Were these burnt by the prisoner's orders? 
 
 A. Yes. He not only presumes to put to 
 death those whom he calls heretics, but his Bi- 
 shops take an oath, that heretics, schismatics, 
 and rebels to the Holy Father, (or the prisoner) 
 they will resist and persecute. 
 
 One of his annotations on the new Testament 
 says, " Protestants foolishly expound it (i.e. Ba- 
 " bylon noticed in Rev. xvii. 6.) of Rome, for 
 " there they put heretics to death, and allow of 
 " their punishment in other countries. But their 
 " blood is not called the blood of Saints, no 
 " more than the blood of thieves, man-killers, 
 " and other malefactors; for the shedding of 
 " which by order of justice, no commonwealth 
 ".shall answer."t 
 
 * Vide Guthrie's Gram. England. 
 t Rhemish Translation. Rev. 17: 6.
 
 168 
 
 Sir John Temple, sworn. 
 
 Q. Did you write the History of the Rebel- 
 lion in Ireland, in 1641? 
 
 A. I did. It was printed in Dublin. 
 
 Q. Do you believe that the prisoner was the 
 ringleader of that rebellion? 
 
 A. He certainly was. His own Bulls shew 
 that he was deeply concerned in that dreadful 
 insurrection. When he was known by the name 
 of Urban VII. he publicly by a Bull promised 
 to reward the Catholics of Ireland, with a plen- 
 ary Indulgence, and remission of all their sins. 
 I can repeat a part of the Bull in his own words, 
 they are as follows. " Urbanus Octavus, &c. 
 " Having taken into our serious consideration 
 " the great zeal of the Irish towards the propa- 
 " gating the Catholic faith; and having got cer- 
 " tain notice, how in imitation of their godly 
 " and worthy ancestors, they endeavor, by 
 "force of arms, to deliver their thralled nation 
 " from the oppression of the heretics and gal- 
 " lantly do in them that lieth to extirpate and to- 
 " tally root out those workers of iniquity, who in 
 " the kingdom of Ireland had infested the mass 
 44 of Catholic purity with the pestiferous leaven of 
 " their heretical contagion. We therefore, being 
 " willing with the gifts of spiritual grace where- 
 ** of we are ordained the only disposers on Earth, 
 " and by virtue of that power of binding and 
 " loosing of souls which God was pleased to 
 " confer upon us, to all and every one of the 
 " faithful Christians in the aforesaid kingdom 
 " of Ireland, now and for the time militating 
 " against heretics, do grant full and plenary in-
 
 169 
 
 " diligence, and absolute remission of all their 
 "sins. Desiring heartily all of the faithful in 
 " Christ now in arms, to be partakers of this 
 " most precious treasure. 
 
 " Dated at Rome, in the Vatican of St.PeterV 
 palace, May 25th, 1643, in the 20th year of 
 our Pontificate. A. M. MARALDUS."* 
 
 He also wrote to the rebel, O'Neal, October 
 18th, 1642, and to the Popish Clergy and No- 
 bles of Ireland to the same effect. 
 
 Q. Were many murdered in the year 1641? 
 
 A. Yes, many thousands, in a cruel manner. 
 Mr. Hume, the Historian, sworn. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect how many are supposed 
 to have been killed in the Irish massacre? 
 
 A. " By some computations, those who per- 
 " ished by those cruelties are made to amount 
 " to 150, or 200,000; by the most moderate, 
 " and perhaps the most probable accounts, they 
 " must have been near 40,000."t 
 
 The Clerk of the Crown then read extracts 
 from several examinations taken by virtue of 
 commissions under the great seal of Ireland; 
 recorded in the archives of Dublin, and in pos- 
 session of the Clerk of the Council. 
 
 Dr. Maxwell, the deponent, said that the re- 
 bels confessed to him that they killed one morn- 
 ing, in the county of Antrim, 954 persons, and 
 1 100 or 1200 more in the same county. Owen 
 Frankland and others said, .that above 1000 
 
 * Vide Trial of Lord M'Guire, for high treason. 
 t Hume's History of England, vol. 6. 
 
 15
 
 170 
 
 were drowned in one river, in the county of Ar- 
 magh. Many others murdered; 50 at Black- 
 t^ater Church. William Blundell was drawn 
 by the neck up and down Blackwater, and three 
 weeks afterward he with his wife and seven 
 children drowned. A wife was compelled to 
 hang her husband; 22 Protestants put into a 
 thatched house at Kilmore and burned; 1500 
 murdered in 3 parishes; 200 stript naked and 
 put into the church at Loughgall, and above 
 100 murdered. John Gregg was quartered alive, 
 and his quarters thrown in the face of his fa- 
 ther, who was afterwards quartered in the pre- 
 sence of his wife. 500 were murdered at Ar- 
 magh, besides 48 families near it. 18 Scotch 
 Infants hanged on clothier's tenter-hooks in the 
 county of Tyrone, and 140 women killed by 2 
 rebels, 45 by one woman, 316 at Dungannon, 
 300 in their way to Colerain, and 400 drowned 
 in the said county. At Sligo, the protestants 
 being all taken to jail, at midnight they were 
 stripped naked and 2 butchers hired to kill them 
 all with axes, &c. The White-friars who em- 
 ployed the butchers, afterwards pretended with 
 holy water to purify the river from the stain of 
 heretic's blood. In most Counties nearly all 
 the English that could be taken were murdered; 
 at Kilkenny 7 were hanged, and one Irishman 
 because he was taken in their company. At 
 the same and other places men and women being 
 stript naked, such as covered their nakedness 
 with straw, it was set on fire by the rebels; 22
 
 171 
 
 widows and others in the King's County, who 
 had covered themselves with straw, which was 
 fired. Many who escaped, died naked, and 
 some with children in their arms, by the frost 
 and snow. Most women that were pregnant 
 had their bellies ripped up. Lieu. Maxfield was 
 dragged out of bed, raving in a burning fever 
 and murdered. His wife also, who was great with 
 child and in labor, was stript naked and drown- 
 ed in ftie river Blackwater, the child half born. 
 
 Mr. Protestant Observer, sworn.. 
 
 Q. Do you live in Ireland? 
 
 A. I do. 
 
 Q. Were there not a great number of Protest- 
 ants burnt in Scullabogue barn by rebels under 
 the prisoner's authority? 
 
 A. There were to the number of 184 men, 
 women and children, besides 37 that were mur- 
 dered before the barn. 
 
 Q. Were there a number murdered on Wex- 
 ford bridge? 
 
 A. There were a very considerable number; 
 attended with the most shocking marks of bru- 
 tality and savageness scarcely to be equalled by 
 any tribe of cannibals. The manner, in gener- 
 al, of putting them to death, was thus: Two 
 rebels pushed their pikes into the breast of the 
 victim and two into his T)ack; and in this state 
 (writhing with torture,) they held him suspen- 
 ded till dead, and then threw him over the 
 bridge into the water.
 
 172 
 
 After they had massacred ninety-seven pri- 
 soners in that manner, an express came to in- 
 form them that Vinegar-hill was attacked by 
 the King's troops, and that they must repair to 
 the Camp. This providentially saved the lives 
 of the remainder of the Protestants, then pris- 
 oners in gaol and on board the prison ship. 
 It was no doubt the intention of the rebels to 
 extirpate every Protestant as soon as they 
 could obtain a decided superiority over the 
 government. 
 
 Q,. On what day did the massacre take place 
 on the bridge? 
 
 A. On the 20th day of June 1798. On that 
 day they proceeded from the gaol to the bridge 
 with a Black flag, with a cross and the letters 
 M. W. S. inscribed on it in white; which was 
 supposed to mean murder without sin, and on 
 the other side a red cross. In this manner 
 from ten to twenty prisoners were taken at a 
 time to be murdered, surrounded by pike-men 
 and attended by a mob of more women than 
 men, who expressed their savage joy by loud 
 huzzas. 
 
 Q. Were any Priests under the Prisoner's 
 government concerned in this rebellion? 
 
 A. Yes, many, some of whom acted as Rebel 
 Generals, and were the most active ringleaders 
 in the rebellion. One Roche, pretended that 
 he was in the habit of catching the bullets that 
 came from the soldiers' arms and that he gave 
 them to his men to load their pieces with!!
 
 173 
 
 Another named Murphy, in a sermon assured 
 them, that bullets flew about without hurting 
 them, except a. few who wanted faith.* 
 
 Q. Were you in Dublin in the year 1803? 
 
 A. I was. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect the 23d of July in that 
 year? 
 
 A. I do. I also recollect that in the evening 
 of that day another rebellion broke out in Dub- 
 lin, when several Protestants were murdered in 
 the streets, among whom was Lord Kilwarden, 
 who was piked to death. 
 
 Q. Have you heard of a seditious society, in 
 the city calling itself the Catholic Board? 
 
 A. I have. I have been present at some of 
 their meetings and have read several of their 
 inflammatory resolutions. 
 
 Q. What object do they profess to have in 
 view? 
 
 A. To petition the Legislature for Catholic 
 Emancipation; but while they profess to meet 
 for this purpose, they abuse the Government, 
 vilify the rulers, defy the law, collect and levy 
 money to support the disaffected, and cause dis- 
 content and sedition to spread throughout the 
 country. 
 
 Q. Do they acknowledge the Prisoner at the 
 bar? 
 
 A. They profess the Roman Catholic Reli- 
 gion, are most violent enemies to Protestants 
 who disown their usurped authority; these they 
 
 * See Sir Richard Musgrave's History of the Rebellion. 
 
 15*
 
 174 
 
 denominate Orangemen. When they speak of 
 an Orangeman, they mean a Protestant; as 
 when they speak of an Irishman, they mean a 
 Papist. 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear any of them speak at 
 any of their meetings? 
 
 A. I have heard several of them speak at 
 different times, some of whom are lawyers who 
 are very inflammatory. 
 
 Q. Did not a noted Doctor deliver a speech 
 at one of their meetings, calculated to show all 
 who are not wilfully blind, the object they have 
 in view? 
 
 A. There did. I heard him speak, and his 
 speech has since been published.* 
 
 Q. Do you recollect any part of it? 
 
 A. I do. Among other expressions, equally 
 pernicious, when speaking of the prisoner, he 
 observed, " But it is known that every Catho- 
 lic acknowledges him as supreme head of the 
 Church that the bishops correspond with him 
 as a father that they receive his pastoral in- 
 struction." When speaking of an oath pro- 
 posed by some of their friends in the British 
 Parliament, he observes, that to " take an oath 
 " not to seek, directly or indirectly, the subver- 
 " sion of the Protestant Church! Why this 
 " would be to abuse the divine command!" As 
 if the Almighty had given them a command to 
 overthrow the Protestant Faith. And he fur- 
 
 * See Dr. Drumgoole's Speech. Dublin Evening Post, Dec. 11. 
 1813.
 
 175 
 
 ther observes, " If the Church of England tren> 
 bles for its safety, it must seek it elsewhere, we 
 have no securities to give!" Afterwards he 
 adds, " It shall fall, and nothing but the memo- 
 " ry of the mischiefs it has created shall survive. 
 " Already the approaching marks of ruin are 
 " upon it." 
 
 He afterwards, in speaking of the Protestant 
 Religion under the name of the Established 
 Church, presumed to predict its speedy and to- 
 tal dawnfall. He declared, " It shall fall, and 
 " nothing but the memory of the mischiefs it 
 " has created shall survive. Already the marks 
 " of approaching ruin are upon it; it has had its 
 " time upon earth a date nearly as long as any 
 "other Novelty; and when the time arrives, 
 " shall Catholics be called, by the sacred bond 
 " of an oath, to uphold a system which they be- 
 " lieve will be one day rejected by the whole earth? 
 " Can they be induced to swear that they would 
 " oppose even the present Protestants of Eng- 
 " land, if ceasing to be truants they thought fit 
 " to return to their ancient worship, and to 
 " have a Catholic King, and a Catholic Parlia- 
 " ment?" 
 
 Q. Do you consider the sentiment express- 
 by this Doctor to be the sentiment of all with 
 whom he is connected in this society? 
 
 A. I certainly do. I believe that all under 
 the Prisoner's authority are hostile to the pro- 
 testant faith and a protestant government. I 
 remember in the year 1803, one Father Gavan,
 
 176 
 
 published in Dublin a book called Maries of 
 Truth, in which he declares that the remnant 
 of the Protestants left are only reserved as a 
 judgment from God to share the same fate as 
 others have before them. 
 
 Q. Has not the Irish Government lately pro- 
 hibited the meeting of this inflammatory board? 
 
 A. They have, and if they act decidedly, 
 they may prevent much mischief. This Board 
 has long been a public nuisance, and the cause 
 of much mischief in the country; I have no 
 doubt but that they have been the cause of much 
 blood being spilt, and that some of their orators 
 will be answerable for it. 
 
 The Attorney General, after the examination 
 of a very considerable number of respectable 
 witnesses, observed, that many more might be 
 called who could more fully prove the prisoner 
 to be the prompter of the rebellions of 1641, 
 1798, and 1803. But he considered it altogeth- 
 er unnecessary. Some of the shocking barbari- 
 ties were accompanied with circumstances too 
 cruel and indecent to be noticed here; they are 
 however printed in several books. 
 
 Only two more witnesses were called, the first 
 to prove, that the prisoner did presume to ap- 
 point places of refuge for murderers, thieves, 
 &c. 
 
 King Edward, the Confessor, swot n. 
 
 Q. Do you know whose hand- writing this is? 
 (A paper produced to this witness.) 
 
 A. I do. I wrote it by order of the Prisoner.
 
 177 
 
 (It was read by the Clerk of the Crown.) 
 " Edward, by the Grace of God, King of 
 " Englishmen. I make it to be known by all 
 "generations of the world after me, that by 
 " special commandment of our Holy Father 
 " Pope Leo, I have renewed and honored the 
 " holy church of the blessed Apostle St. Peter, 
 " of Westminster. And I order and establish 
 " for ever, that what person, of what condition 
 " or estate soever he be, from whence ever he 
 " comes, or for what offence or cause it be, 
 " flying for his refuge into the said Holy Place, 
 " he be assured of his life, liberty, and limbs. 
 " And over this, I forbid under pain of everlast- 
 " ing damnation, that no minister of mine or 
 " my successors, intermeddle them with any 
 " goods, lands, or possessions of the said per- 
 " sons taking the said sanctuary. For I have 
 " taken their good and livelode into my special 
 " protection. 
 
 " And therefore, I grant to every and each 
 " of them, in as much as my terrestrial power 
 " may suffice, all manner of joyous liberty. 
 " And whoever presumes, or doth contrary to 
 " this my grant, I will that he lose his name, 
 " worship, dignity and power; and that with the 
 " great traitor Judas, that betrayed our Saviour, 
 " he be in the everlasting fire of Hell. And I 
 " will and ordain, that this my grant endure as 
 "long as there remaineth in England, either 
 " love or dread of Christain name."
 
 178 
 
 Q. Did many thieves, murderers, and other 
 scandalous characters occupy this building? 
 
 A. They did till they were so very numerous, 
 that I was obliged to build a new Church on 
 the north side for their use, which was dedica- 
 ted to St. Margaret.* 
 
 Mons. Paris, sworn. 
 
 This witness proved that the prisoner had 
 sanctioned the dethronement of the descendants 
 of Louis of France, by coming from Rome to 
 Paris, and crowning one Nepoleon Buona- 
 parte, Emperor, who had long been the plague 
 and scourge of Europe, but who now is happily 
 transported to the Isle of Elba! By this coronation 
 act of the prisoner, he sanctioned the transferring 
 of the allegiance of France from Louis to the 
 Usurper. 
 
 Cross-examined by Counsellor Equivocator. 
 
 Q. You say that the prisoner at the bar 
 sanctioned the dethronement of the descendant 
 of Louis of France: now upon your oath, do 
 you not believe that what he did was by 
 compulsion? 
 
 A. I admit that it is probable that he might 
 have been compelled to do what he did in this 
 case. 
 
 Q. You admit that it might be probable, but 
 do you not know that it was impossible for 
 him to have avoided doing what he did? 
 
 Vide Maitland's History of London, vol. 2, p. 238.
 
 179 
 
 A. I do not. I know that he refused to com- 
 ply with the demands of the usurper when his 
 own states and property were concerned, and 
 as he could resist and refuse to transfer what 
 he considered his own, so he might and ought 
 to have refused to sanction the transferring the 
 property of another to a plunderer. 
 
 The evidence here closed on the part of the 
 Prosecution. 
 
 COUNSELLOR QUIBBLE. 
 
 My Lords, and Gentlemen of the Jury, I, as 
 the assigned council for the prisoner at the bar, 
 feel it my duty to make such a defence as the 
 nature of the charge, and evidences will admit. 
 I am not under the necessity of making a long 
 statement in the defence of the prisoner, and 
 therefore shall not trouble the Court and Jury. 
 Gentlemen of the Jury, you will studiously en- 
 deavor to banish from your minds, every ex- 
 traneous matter you may have heard that does 
 not come within the charge preferred against my 
 Client; and only consider the evidences that 
 have been given on the part of the prosecution. 
 With respect to any question of law in this 
 case, I yield to the learned Lords on the Bench; 
 and as to matters of fact, they are solely for 
 the determination of you, Gentlemen of the 
 Jury, who are the sole judges of the testimony 
 you have heard from the witnesses. 
 
 The charge against the Prisoner at the bar 
 is High Treason, compassing the death of the
 
 180 
 
 King and promoting Rebellion in all the earth. 
 He also stands charged with divers murders 
 in several countries, to wit, in Paris on the 24th 
 of August 1572, and in England, Ireland, Scot- 
 land, and other places. The evidence which 
 we have to produce is evidence of an alibi, viz. 
 that the prisoner w r as not at Paris on the 24th 
 of August 1572, nor in England, nor Ireland 
 nor Scotland, when these murders were com- 
 mitted. Should the evidence that will be pro- 
 duced raise in your minds, Gentlemen of the 
 Jury, any doubt of the prisoner's guilt, you w r ill 
 of course acquit him, for where there is a doubt 
 on the mind of a Jury, it is better that 500 guilty 
 persons should escape punishment than that 
 one innocent man should suffer. You will also 
 consider, Gentlemen, that your verdict of GUIL- 
 TY may place him in a premature grave. 
 
 There are circumstances I am here compel- 
 led to notice, that some of the evidences against 
 the prisoner are the evidences of common in- 
 formers. Who were Luther, Calvin, and others 
 that are called Reformers? Were they not once 
 Priests? Were they not once connected with 
 the prisoner? They violated their oaths when 
 they deserted his church, and the testimony 
 of such should be doubted. Gentlemen of the 
 Jury, the unfortunate Gentleman at the bar has 
 seen much better days. His situation really 
 calls for pity and not vengeance. He has 
 been a great sufferer of late. His influence is 
 much reduced. He has been made a complete
 
 181 
 
 tool of. I am addressing you as sensible and 
 dispassionate men, and therefore I look up 
 with confidence to you, to give a verdict in 
 favor of my unfortunate client. We shall 
 now call some witnesses as to the character 
 of the prisoner; and the evidences he has by 
 means of his friends, been able to produce ia 
 his favor, will be weighed by your humanity. 
 
 Witnesses on behalf of the Prisoner. 
 
 Mr. Hate Controversy was first examined. 
 He said, that he had some knowledge of the 
 prisoner, that he thought him an honest man, 
 that he never differed with him, or liked peo- 
 ple to fall out about religion. On cross-exam- 
 ination Ire confessed he knew him only by 
 name. 
 
 Thteantts said, that he took notice of the 
 Waldenses and of the Parisian Massacre. 
 That to hds knowledge the prisoner was at 
 Rome at the time, as he was also in the reign 
 of Queen Mary, and at other times when he 
 was charged with committing murders in Eng- 
 land, Ireland, and other places. Several other 
 witnesses said the same. On cross-examina- 
 tion however they admitted that his govern- 
 ment extended to these places and that it was 
 by his laws they were put to death. 
 
 Mr. P. Painter said, that he had known the 
 prisoner more than 1200 years, that he had 
 painted many pictures for him, and that he 
 always paid him honestly. 
 16
 
 182 
 
 C. Carpenter, B. Bricklayer, P. Plasterer, 
 S. Slater, P. Plumber, and C. Carver, gave 
 the prisoner a good character. 
 
 Demetrius Silversmith said, that he had 
 made more shrines by order of the prisoner 
 than ever were made for Diana of the Ephe- 
 sians, and that he always thought the prisoner 
 a very useful man. J. Jeweller and B* Bead- 
 maker said the same. 
 
 R. Robe-maker, said that he had received 
 many thousand orders from the prisoner, 
 whom he always respected much. That he 
 had made various sorts of robes for his Arch- 
 bishops and all the orders of his clergy. That 
 he took yearly some hundred thousands of 
 pounds for Gowns, Surplices, Scarfs, Sashes, 
 Cassocks, Bands, &c. and that in some coun- 
 tries, the bare washing of Surplices only 
 among one order of Clergy amounted to more 
 than 13,000 pounds a year. 
 
 Napoleon Buonaparte, being called, did not 
 appear. The reason was that having lately 
 been apprehended in France, by the Allied 
 Sovereigns of Europe, he had been transported 
 to the Isle of Elba. 
 
 Mr. Half Protestant said that he never knew 
 any harm of the Prisoner, That he always 
 thought more was said of him than was true.
 
 183 
 
 That he respected the names of several wit- 
 nesses examined, such as Luther, and others, 
 but did not see the reason why they disagreed. 
 He admitted that he had heard of murders 
 committed by him, but thought he was much 
 altered for the better, and was quite a different 
 man. He thought that every one should keep 
 to the religion they were brought up to, and if 
 sincere it was all that God would require. 
 
 MR. SOLICITOR GENERAL. 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen of the Jury, you 
 need not be under any apprehensions of intru- 
 ding too much on your time. If this was 
 only an ordinary case, I should make no ob- 
 servations; but it is not only a question as to 
 the guilt or innocence of the prisoner at the 
 bar, but of many thousands, who have been 
 more or less concerned in his treasonable 
 designs; and also of others who have con- 
 nived at his awful rebellion. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Jury, with respect to the 
 evidence which has been laid before you on 
 the part of the Crown, I shall be very brief. 
 I have little more than to call your attention 
 to, and follow the statement of my able friend 
 who first stated the case. Evidence has been 
 laid before you, to prove that a conspiracy 
 has existed for several hundred years to over- 
 throw the Government of Heaven, and com- 
 pass the death of our Sovereign Lord the 
 King. Gentlemen, the question is, whether
 
 184 
 
 the Prisoner was a participator of that guilt; 
 you will determine by the evidences whether 
 he was not the very life and soul of that awful 
 conspiracy. You have heard it proved that 
 the prisoner lived at Rome as the Universal 
 Bishop^ Head of the Church and God on Earth. 
 That he committed numberless murders. The 
 small specimen that has been laid before you 
 must have made too great an impression on 
 your minds to require me to repeat them; and 
 these are few to the number that could have 
 been produced. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Jury, you will draw your 
 inferences from the testimony of the witnesses, 
 and not froia any statement of mine. There 
 is one witness, Mr. Historical Truth, who 
 from his knowledge of the prisoner's conduct 
 for several centuries, is enabled to give much 
 evidence. His testimony is confirmed by a 
 considerable number of Emperors, Kings, and 
 Queens. Martyrs, Reformers, and others 
 have confirmed their united testimony, and 
 inspired Apostles have satisfactorily proved 
 that all his power was usurped. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Jury, it has been stated 
 by the prisoner's counsel that the prisoner was 
 not at several places where he is charged with 
 committing murder. That he was not at 
 Paris on the 24th of August, 1572, and other 
 places. This the counsel must know is a mere 
 quibble. He was in Paris, he was in England, 
 and in Ireland, and wherever hi s government ex-
 
 185 
 
 tended; wherever his agents executed his iaws 
 He has existed under a variety of names which 
 marks his guilt. His arrogance and ambition 
 have no example. It is a question if even Lu- 
 cifer himself could vie with him. The prisoner 
 has endeavored to storm the skies! To de- 
 throne the Almighty Thunderer! To be Uni- 
 versal Lord and claim the stars of Heaven. 
 Gentlemen, I shall not trespass further upon 
 your feelings, believing that your verdict wiH 
 be according to truth. 
 
 LORD CHIEF JUSTICE REVELATION 
 Addressed the Jury; when every minuticB of 
 evidence was summed up with legal precision 
 and ability. It would no doubt be gratifying 
 to some readers to have his charge at length, 
 but the limits of the trial will not admit. He 
 concluded by observing that he left the deter- 
 mination of this case entirely to the considera- 
 tion of the Jury; and that if they entertained 
 a rational doubt in their minds of the guilt of 
 the prisoner, they ought to acquit him. 
 
 The Jury did not retire from the box, bat 
 brought in their verdict Guilty. 
 
 The Clerk of the Crown called upon the 
 prisoner at the bar in the usual form, to know 
 what he had to say, why judgment of death 
 should not be awarded against him; when 
 the prisoner gave him a most expressive, sullen 
 look, and remained silent. 
 
 16*
 
 186 
 
 THE LORD CHIEF JUSTICE addressed the pris- 
 oner in the most impressive manner. He told 
 him that he had been charged with the awful 
 crime of High Treason against the King of 
 Kings and Lord of Lords. That he had a 
 most patient trial, and that there was not a 
 doubt in the mind of the Court or Jury but 
 that he was guilty. He also said, that he was 
 sure that his concience must frequently have 
 told him that his rebellious conduct could not 
 fail to bring down the vengeance of heaven up- 
 on his guilty head. He concluded thus, " I call 
 " upon you now to attend to the sentence of the 
 " Court. You Antichrist, shall be taken from 
 " the place where you now stand to the place 
 " from whence you came, your irons are to 
 " be struck off, and you stript of all your pon- 
 " tifical vestments, splendor, pomp and dignity. 
 " From whence you shall be drawn upon a 
 " hurdle to the place of execution, where you 
 " shall be hung with the chain of restraint, 
 " but not until you are dead; but while }^ou are 
 " yet alive, your church, which is your body, 
 " shall be taken down and you deprived of the 
 " vitals of your religion. Then a mighty An- 
 " gel shall proclaim from Heaven, louder than 
 " the most tremendous peal of thunder, Babylon 
 " the great is fallen, is fallen* and that the 
 " hour of your judgment is come. Your head 
 " or dominion shall then be struck off with 
 ' the sword of God's inflexible justice, when 
 
 * Rev. 18: 2.
 
 187 
 
 " the Lord of Hosts will 'consume it with the 
 " spirit of his mouth, and destroy with the 
 " brightness of his coming.* Then another migh- 
 " ty Angel shall take up a stone, like a great mill- 
 " stone, and cast it into the sea, saying, thus with 
 " violence shall that great city, Babylon (or 
 " Rome) be thrown down, and shall be found no 
 " more at a//,t and you shall be utterly burned 
 " with Jlre, for strong is the Lord who judgeth 
 " yow.J And may the Lord have mercy upon 
 " the souls of all those who live under your 
 " government." 
 
 N. B. Some Protestant writers having by 
 mistake, noticed the time when the sentence 
 would be put in execution, it may not be 
 amiss to observe, that it was left entirely to 
 His Majesty's Sovereign will and pleasure. 
 
 * Thess. 2: 8. t Rev. 18: 21. t Rev. 18: a 
 
 FINIS.

 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 INDICTMENT, 
 
 Jury, 
 
 Attorney-General's Speech, 
 
 Counsellor Quibble's ditto, 
 
 PAGE. 
 5 
 
 23 
 29 
 36 
 
 PRINCIPAL WITNESSES EXAMINED. 
 
 Historical Truth, 
 Phocas, Emperor, 
 Cardinal Bellarmine, 
 Emperor Bardanes, 
 Emperor Leo, . . . 
 Emperor Constantino, 
 Emperor Leo IV. 
 Childeric, King of France, 
 Henry IV. Emperor, 
 Basilaus II. King of Poland, 
 Leopold, Duke of Austria, 
 Henry VI. Emperor, 
 Alphonso, King of Galicia, 
 John, King of England, 
 Philip, Duke of Swabia, 
 Otho, Emperor, 
 Philip, King of France, 
 Fredrick II. Emperor, 
 Philip, King of France, . 
 Sigismond, Emperor, . 
 
 Lewis XII. of France, 
 
 Henry VIII. of England, . , 
 Joan, Queen of Navarre, < 
 Elizabeth, Queen of England, 
 Henry III. of France, ^ 
 
 Henry IV. of France, -, 
 
 James I. King of England, 
 Charles VI. Emperor, . 
 
 Hibernia Catholic, . 
 Apostle Peter, . . 
 
 Apostle Paul, . . * 
 
 34, 89, 78, 92, 106, 165 
 36 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 56 
 57 
 ib 
 58 
 ib 
 61 
 ib 
 62 
 ib 
 65 
 67 
 74 
 76 
 78 
 79 
 81 
 82 
 84 
 88 
 90 
 97 
 99
 
 Peter de Bruis, 103 
 
 Arnold, 104 
 
 Gerald, Waldenses, . . . .105 
 
 Walter Lollard, 113 
 
 John Wickliff, 114 
 
 William Sawtre, 116 
 
 Thomas Badly, 117 
 
 Sir John Oldcastle, 118 
 
 John Huss, 119 
 
 Jerome of Prague, 120 
 
 Jeronimo Savonarola, . . . .121 
 
 Martin Luther, 124 
 
 Philip Melancthon, . . . . 139 
 
 Ulric Zuinglius, . . . . .141 
 
 Prince of Orange, . . . . 142 
 
 John Calvin, ...... ib 
 
 Peter Martyr, 144 
 
 Augustine Casal, . 145 
 
 Dennis Renix, . . . . . . 146 
 
 Admiral Coligny, . . . . .147 
 
 Father Paul, . . ",* '*' / . .154 
 
 William Tmdal, ..iv*"-- - 158 
 
 Thomas Bennet, . . . . ib 
 
 John Rogers, . . . . . .160 
 
 Laurance Saunders, &c 163 
 
 Bishop of St. David's, ..... ib 
 
 Rowland Taylor, . . . . . ib 
 
 B. Latimer and Ridley, . . . . 164 
 
 George Marsh, &c. . . . . .166 
 
 Sir Joha Temple, 168 
 
 Mr. Hume, 169 
 
 Dr. MaxwelJ, . . . >; . ib 
 
 Mr. Protestant Observer, . . . . 171 
 King Edward, Confeesor, . . . -'. 176 
 
 Monsieur Parie, 178 
 
 Hate Controversy, . . ii - . . 181 
 
 Thuanus, ib 
 
 R. Robemaker, 182 
 
 Buonaparte, ...... 183 
 
 Half Protestant, 184