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 Just Published. Price, Twenty- five Cents (One Shilling), 
 
 HAND-BOOK 
 
 WORLD-ENGLISH 
 
 TUIS WOKK la SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TEACHING 
 
 ARTICULATION 
 
 IN SCHOOLS FOR THE IDEA.K. 
 
 FOREIGN BRS 
 
 WILL ACQUIRE, BY MEANS OF THIS HAND-BOOK, A 
 
 FDR PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS AND ILLITERATE ADDLTS 
 
 WORLD-ENGLISH IS A ROYAL ROAD TO READING. 
 
 TO TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AND MODERN LANGUAGES 
 
 THIS HAND-BOOK WILL BE OF PHIMAKY IMPOBTANOE AS A PHONETIC DIBEOTOBY. 
 
 DEFECTS OF' SPEECH 
 
 WILL BE READILY CORRECTED BY MEANS OF THE ABTICULATIVE DIRECTIONS 
 IN THIS HAND-BOOK. 
 
 FOR DIFFUSION OF ENGLISH THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 
 
 THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE 
 
 THIS " HAND-BOOK OF WORLD-ENGLISH " IS THE COMPLETE, 
 SIMPLE, AND EFFICIENT MEDIUM. 
 
 NEW YORK : LONDON : 
 
 N. D. C. HODGES, TRTJBNER & CO. 
 
 47, LAFAYETTB PLACE. 57 AND 59, LUDGATE HILL.
 
 HAND-BOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 WORLD-ENGLISH 
 
 ALEXANDER MELVILLE BELL, 
 
 AUTHOR OF "visible SPEECH," 40., *c. 
 
 New York : 
 n. d. c. hodges, 
 
 47, LAFAYETTE PLACE. 
 
 London : 
 trubner & co 
 
 57 AND 59, LUDGATE HILL.
 
 Copyright, 1888, 
 
 by 
 
 Alexander Melville Bell.
 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Pab. Page. 
 Preface, 5 
 
 I. Sounds of i, 6, 6, u, . . . . . i, 2, 3, 4 
 
 Exercise on do., ....... 5 8 
 
 II. Sounds of m, b, p, . . . . . . . 6, 7, 8 
 
 Exercise on do., ....... 9 8 
 
 III. Sounds of e, a, 1, . . . . . . 10, 11, 12 
 
 Exercise on do., ....... 13 9 
 
 , IV. Sounds of r, 1, a, . . . . . . 14, 15, 16 
 
 Exercise on do., ....... 17 10 
 
 V. Sounds of n, d, t, . . . . . . 18, 19, 20 
 
 Exercise on do., ....... 21 10 
 
 J VI. Sounds of g, g, k, . . . . . . 22, 23, 24 
 
 > Exercise on do., ....... 25 11 
 
 • VII. Sounds of h, s, z, . . . . . . 26, 27, 28 
 
 : Exercise on do., ....... 29 12 
 
 iVIII. Sounds of f, V, w, '\y, .... 30, 31, 32, 33 
 
 ' Exercise on do., ....... 34 13 
 
 IX. Soundsof p, ii, t, 4? .... 35.36,37.38 
 
 ^ Exercise on do., ....... 39 14 
 
 X. Sounds of 1, y, q, . . . . . . 40, 41, 42 
 
 Exercise on do., ....... 43 15 
 
 XI. Sounds of (i, j, . . . . . . . 44, 45 
 
 Exercise on do., ....... 46 16 
 
 XII. Sounds of a, e, 6, u, . . . . 47, 48, 49, 50 
 
 Exercise on do., ....... 51 17 
 
 XIII. Sounds of a, e, i, o, u, . . . . . . 52 
 
 Exercise on do., ....... 53 18 
 
 Unaccented a ....... . 54, 55 19 
 
 Alternative form for e ...... 56 19 
 
 Readings in World-English. 
 
 I. Active Goodness, ......... 20 
 
 II. Advice, ........... 20 
 
 III. Articulation, .......... 20 
 
 dsr^*'>p.'>
 
 4 
 
 I'aok. 
 
 IV. Cliaritv, .... ..... 20 
 
 V. Defence of Friignlity, . . . 2\ 
 
 VI. Education, .......... 21 
 
 VII. Fnith nnd Works 22 
 
 VIII. Formation of Character, ....... 22 
 
 IX. Fortunate Disappointments, ....... 22 
 
 X. (Jentlcncss, ......... 23 
 
 XI. Habitual Associations, ........ 23 
 
 XII Happiness Predominant, ....... 24 
 
 XIII. Honouring Parents, ........ 24 
 
 XI\'. How to Pro.sper, ......... 24 
 
 XV. Inconsistent Behaviour, ........ 25 
 
 X\'I. Influence of Associates, ....... 25 
 
 XVII. Knowledge and Feeling, ....... 25 
 
 X\'I1I. Life Checkered, ......... 25 
 
 XIX. Light and Shade, ......... 25 
 
 XX. Mutual Help, 26 
 
 XXI. Pauses, ........... 26 
 
 XXII. Procrastination, ......... 26 
 
 XXIII. ProJiiptitude, .......... 27 
 
 XXIV. Quarrel, 27 
 
 XXV. Reading, ........... 27 
 
 XXVI. Revenge, 28 
 
 XXVII. Satisfactory Remembrances, ....... 29 
 
 XXVIII. Self Reproach 29 
 
 XXIX. Social Interests, ......... 29 
 
 XXX. The Tones of Speech, ....... 30 
 
 XXXI. True Honour, .......... 31 
 
 XXXII. The Scale of Being, ........ 32 
 
 XXXIII. Valuation. 33 
 
 XXXIV. Work, 33 
 
 Observations. 
 
 I. World-English, 34 
 
 II. Standard Pronunciation, ........ 35 
 
 III. Children's Books in World-English, ...... 35 
 
 Reference Table of the World-English Alphabet, 36
 
 PREFACE 
 
 The plan of this little book is altogether new. Letters and sounds 
 are so associated, in all the exercises, that from the mere knowl- 
 edge of letters a learner cannot fail to pronounce words with cer- 
 tainty. English Reading will thus be easily acquired, whether 
 by natives or foreigners, children or adults. 
 
 The general resemblance of World-English to Literary English 
 is such that any reader of the latter deciphers the former at sight, 
 or, at most, after a few minutes' study of the new letters. A like 
 result may be anticipated for those who shall learn to read from 
 World-English. They will transfer their power of reading to 
 the literary form of the language, almost without effort. The 
 orthographic aspect of words will, besides, be so fixed in the eye, 
 by contrast, that spelling will be remembered as — what it really 
 is — a pictorial association with words. 
 
 No special training is required to qualify teachers for using this 
 book. The subject can even be successfully introduced in the 
 kindergarten and the nursery. This phonetic mode of initiation 
 in reading cannot be too strongly urged on the attention of School 
 Boards on both sides of the Atlantic. 
 
 The ordinary orthography of each word is interlined with the 
 World-English version throughout the Exercises and Readings.
 
 HAND-BOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 WORLD-ENGLISH 
 
 Section I. 
 
 1. Open the mouth wide, with the tongue flat and the lips 
 drawn back, and you will sound the first letter. You will notice 
 that there is a sort of wedge above the letter — to remind you to 
 keep the mouth open. 
 
 a ah 
 
 2. Open the mouth wide again, but this time with the lips 
 advanced and rounded in shape, and you will pronounce the next 
 letter. The letter is round in form, and has a wedge above it — 
 to remind you of both of the above directions. 
 
 6 awe 
 
 3. The next letter is also round, but it carries no wedge, 
 because the lips are more contracted in forming the sound. The 
 line above the letter shows that the sound is long. 
 
 o oh 
 
 4. For the next letter the lips are so close as to leave only a 
 narrow opening between them. The line above the letter shows 
 that the sound is long. The lips should not be pursed or pouted 
 in forming either 6, o, or u. The necessary difference of aper- 
 ture does not require any such deforming accompaniment. 
 
 u 00
 
 5- Kxcrcisc oil the forcpoinj^ four letters: 
 A 6 o fi 6 u A 5 6 d u 6 u d 5 6 
 
 •b awf oh oo kwv oo ftb oh oh ah oo awo oo ah oh awe 
 
 i 6 6 u 6ddu 5ua6 u6do 
 
 A u 5 A A 6 u A o 6 a ii u o 6 A 
 
 Section II. 
 
 6. In pronouncing the next letter the lips are entirely closed, 
 and the sound of the voice passes througjh the nose. 
 
 m (ai)m 
 
 7. The next letter requires the lips to be in the same shut po- 
 sition as for m. No sound passes througli tlie nose, but an 
 abrupt murmur is made in the throat while the lips are closed. 
 The subsequent separation of the lips produces a gentle puff. 
 
 b (eb)b 
 
 S. For the next letter the lips are silently closed. The letter 
 has no sound except a gentle puff when the lips are separated. 
 P (n)P 
 
 9. Exercise on the foregoing three letters. [Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as: a " bo " and arrow; a 
 " pAm " tree ; &c.] 
 
 mA, pa, m6, mo, bo, pu ! 
 
 ma, pa, maw, mow, bow — beau, pooh I 
 
 pAm, bAm, biim, mop, pop- 
 
 palm, balm, boom, mope, pope. 
 
 Section III. 
 
 10. The next letter makes no use of the lips. The middle of 
 the tongue is arched, while the voice passes through the narrow 
 channel between the tongue and the front of the palate. The 
 line over the letter shows that the sound is long. 
 
 e (m)e 
 
 1 1 . The next letter also requires the middle ot the tongue to 
 be raised, but in a less degree, and farther back than for e. The
 
 9 
 
 front cavity of the mouth is therefore larger, and the sound is 
 broader. 
 
 a (d)ay 
 
 12. The next letter requires the tongue to change its shape 
 during the utterance of the sound. The tongue is at first in a 
 low flat position — nearly the same as for a — and it rises to a high 
 arched position — nearly the same as for e — at the close of the 
 sound. 
 
 1 I 
 
 13. Exercise on the foregoing three letters. [Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as : a playful " ap," a busy 
 "be," &c.] 
 
 ma, pa, ba, me, be, pe, mj, bj, pi, am, ap, 
 
 may, pay, bay, me, be —bee, pea, my, by — buy, pie, aim, ape, 
 
 bem, bab, j ma, 1 pa, 1 bj, 1 mop, mj ap, mj pj, 
 
 beam, babe, I may, I pay, I buy, I mope, my ape, my pie, 
 
 mj ma, m^ pa, pa me, 1 pa pa, ma ma bj, o mj ! 
 
 my ma, my pa, pay me, I pay pa, ma may buy, o my I 
 
 1 pa, a me ! pa ma pa, mj ma ma pa me, b] bj ! 
 
 I owe pa, ah me ! pa may pay, my ma may pay me, bye bye ! 
 
 Section IV. 
 
 14. For the next letter the point of the tongue is raised to- 
 wards the upper gum, without touching it, but so close to it that 
 the tongue vibrates as the voice passes between its tip and the gum. 
 This sound is not heard before any consonant, but only before a 
 
 vowel. 
 
 r r(ay) 
 
 15. The next letter represents a soft semi-vowel sound of r, 
 without any vibration of the tongue. This is the sound of r be- 
 fore a consonant, or at the end of a word. 
 
 1 (a)r(m). (ai)i" 
 
 [Note that the vibrated r is heard at the end of a word when 
 the next word begins with a vowel, or with r ; as in : " for ever," 
 " her own," " pair off'," " more rapid," &c.]
 
 lO 
 
 16. In pronounciiii; the next Ictltr — distinj^iiislicil by two clots 
 over it — the front cavity of the mouth is huj^cr than for d. The 
 sound is therefore broader, (jcrnian ;i lias the same quality as 
 this vowel. 
 
 ii a(ir) 
 
 17. Exercise on the foregoing three letters. [Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as : a strong ■•' rop," a black 
 "bat," &c.] 
 
 r6, ro, rQ, rum, rob, r5p, rep, rjp, ai, mSi, bai, 
 
 tmw, n)o — ruw, nic, rouui, robo, ropo, reap, ripe, are, mar, bar, 
 
 en, erak, met, bei, pen, p, mjn, an, miin, ban, 
 
 eM", cvmche, iRcn-, beer— blor, peer— pier, ire, mire, air, mare, bare — bear, 
 
 pan, ran, ren, brum, bra, brjb, prim, priin, 
 
 pATfr— pair — pear, rarv, r^ar, broom, bray, bribe, prime, prayer, 
 
 Section V. 
 
 iS. For the next letter the edge of the tongue is applied closely 
 to the upper gum, so as to stop the breath, while the voice is 
 sounded through the nose. 
 
 n (ow)n 
 
 19. The next letter requires the tongue to be in the same posi- 
 tion as for n. No sound passes through the nose, but an abrupt 
 murmur is made in the throat while tlie tong-ue is on the gum. A 
 gentle pufl'is heard on the separation of the organs. 
 
 d (ai)d 
 
 20. For the next letter the tongue is silently placed in the same 
 position as for n and d. The letter has no sound except a gentle 
 puff on the separation of the tongue from the gum. 
 
 t (ea)t 
 
 21. Exercise on the foregoing three letters. [Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as: "rot" iron, a " te "- 
 party, a "but"-maker, &c.] 
 
 no, no, ne, nj, na, do, do, du, da, dj, 
 
 gnaw, no— know, knee, nigh, nay — neigh, daw, doe — dough, do, day, die — dye, 
 
 to, tu te, ti, pon, bot, bot, but, mot, mut, 
 
 toe — tow, too — two, tea, tie, pawn, bought, boat, boot, mote, moot.
 
 II 
 
 rot, rot, rut, 
 
 wrought, rote — wrote, root, 
 
 dji, tai, tei, 
 
 dire, tare — tear, tear. 
 
 rod, 
 
 road, 
 
 rud, 
 
 rude— rood. 
 
 nai, 
 
 ne'er, 
 
 nei, dih, 
 
 near, dare. 
 
 del, 
 
 dear — deer. 
 
 
 tire. 
 
 tai, 
 
 tar, 
 
 pant, 
 
 part. 
 
 dant. 
 
 dart. 
 
 Section VI. 
 
 22. The sound of the next letter is formed by closing the back 
 of the tongue on the back-palate, so as to stop the breath, while 
 the voice passes through the nose. 
 
 a (si)ng 
 
 23. The tongue takes the same position for the next letter as for 
 g. No sound passes through the nose, but an abrupt murmur is 
 made in the throat while the tongue is on the palate. A gentle 
 puft' is heard on the separation of the organs. 
 
 g (do)g 
 
 24. For the next letter the tongue is silently placed in the same 
 position as for g and g. The letter has no sound except a gentle 
 puft^on the separation of the organs. 
 
 k (see)k 
 
 25. Exercise on the foregoing three letters. [Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as : a ^ kam " day, a good 
 " gam," a long " tok," &c.] 
 
 gaid, gid, god, gat, gam, gred, gret, 
 
 guard, guide, goad, gate, game, greed, 
 
 gra, gron, krag, rdg, brog, 
 
 grey, groan — grown, craig, rogue, brogue, 
 
 kot, kjnd, kjt, kok, kan, kiii, 
 
 caught, kind, kite, coke, cane, care, 
 
 kod, kon, kred, 
 
 code, cone, creed, 
 
 brdc, tak, ek, krek, 
 
 bake, take, eke, creek, 
 
 bok, dank, pank. 
 
 kot, kom, 
 
 coat, comb, 
 
 krild, mak, 
 
 crude, make, 
 
 brok, tok, 
 
 broke, talk. 
 
 balk, 
 
 dark, jjark, 
 
 Section VII 
 
 gret, 
 
 greet, 
 
 kand, 
 
 card. 
 
 gren 
 
 "grnu 
 
 kant, 
 
 cart. 
 
 gratt 
 
 kol, 
 
 call. 
 
 grat, 
 
 —great, 
 
 kold, 
 
 called. 
 
 kaip, 
 
 carp. 
 
 kam, 
 
 calm, 
 
 kep, 
 
 kefej). 
 
 ken, 
 
 keen. 
 
 krd. 
 
 krO, 
 
 kl'l. 
 
 krup, 
 
 crow, 
 
 bek, 
 
 beak. 
 
 crew, 
 
 mek, 
 
 meek. 
 
 cry, 
 
 dk, 
 oak, 
 
 croup, 
 
 krok, 
 
 croak, 
 
 balk, 
 
 bark, 
 
 man 
 
 maxli 
 
 k, bi 
 
 , brake 
 
 ak. 
 
 —break. 
 
 26. The next letter represents the sound of a gentle ])rcatliing. 
 It is heard only before a vowel. 
 
 h h(e)
 
 i-j. For the next kttor tlio htwitli is sdftl^v liisscd out between 
 the surface ot* the laiseil point of the tonjjue ami the upper gum. 
 s (^'a)s 
 
 iS. The next letter leiiuires tlie lon<;ue to be phiced in exactly 
 the same position as for s, but— instead of mere breath — a stream 
 of voice passes over the totij^ue, with a buzzinj^ cHect. 
 / (buz)z 
 
 29. Exercise on the foregoing^ three letters. [Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as: a " stro " hat, a proud 
 '* bust," a rich *' pi'F--"] 
 
 hd, halt, hank, haip, hiiid. haim. hok, ho! 
 
 ha : h*rt— hwart, bark, harp, hard, harm, hawk, ho! — hoe 
 
 hop, horn, hup, hu, hum, he, hep, hei, ha, hat, 
 
 hope, boiuc, hoop— whoop, who, whom, he, heap, hear, hay, hate, 
 
 hiii, hj, hind, behi'nd, hp, hjd, hjt, so, so, 
 
 hair — h»rf, hie— high, hind, behind, hire, hide, height, saw, so — sow — sew 
 
 sun. sup. sop, se sem. sa, sam, post, bost. 
 
 ■ooD, •oup, Kuap, seo — sea, seem — seam, say, same, post, boast, 
 
 most, gost, njs, rjs, spjs, pqs, peis, sk^, skop, skrem, 
 
 most, ghost, nice, rice, spice, price, piei-ce, sky, scope, scream, 
 
 strem. stai, stru, strfm, stro, strjd, snd, snjp, 
 
 Ktream, stare — stair, strew, strain, straw, stride, snow, snipe, 
 
 spek, spai, spfis ; ez, jz, 6z, uz, haz, huz, ihz, 
 
 speak, spare, sjiace; ease, eyes, owes, ooze, haze, w^hoae, airs — heirs, 
 
 haiz, stanz, iimz, koz, beko'z, giiz, gjz, sjz, tjz, 
 
 hans— hairs, stars, alms, cause, because, gaze, guise, size, ties, 
 
 djz, b]z, pjz, pn^' n^' krjz, brez, bez, 
 
 dyes— dies, buys, pies, pries — prize, rise, cries, breeze, bees, 
 
 peiz, paiz. 
 
 peers — piers, pares — pairs — pears. 
 
 Section VIII. 
 
 30. The sound of the next letter is formed by raising the centre 
 of the lower lip against the edge of the upper teeth and emitting 
 breath through the chinks between the lip and the teeth. 
 
 f (loa)f 
 
 3 1 . The next letter requires exactly the same position of the lip 
 as for f, but with emission of voice instead of mere breath. 
 
 V (sa)v(e)
 
 »3 
 
 32. In pronouncing the next letter the lips are approximated, 
 as in forming the vowel n. The difference between ii and w is 
 that the lips gently compress the aperture of u to form w. 
 
 w w(e) 
 
 33. The next letter represents the same position and action of 
 the lips as for w, but with emission of breath instead of voice. 
 The sound of this letter has been erroneously supposed to be a 
 compound of h and w, 
 
 Ay wh(y) 
 
 34. Exercise on the foregoing four letters. [Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as: a new " ffiz," a sad 
 " nav," much in " vog," &c.] 
 
 fo, fo, fon, fan, fat, fad, fai, fas, faz, 
 
 faugh, foe, fawn, fane — fain — feign, fate, fade, fare — fair, face, phase, 
 
 fet, fed, fei, fest, njf, rjf, f^f, fjn, defj'n, ruf, 
 
 feet — feat, feed— fee'd, fear, feast, knife, rife, fife, fine, define, roof, 
 
 vog, devj'z, kav, krav, 
 
 vogue, devise, cave, crave, 
 
 pav, brav, rp, fjv, kov, 
 
 pave, brave, rive, five, cove, 
 
 w6r, wok, wa, wek, 
 
 war, walk, way, week — weak 
 
 wpz, wok, WOZ, WOV, 
 
 wives, woke, woes, wove, 
 
 wud, wuf; \yez, \yet, \yai, \)'it, Ayin. 
 
 wooed, woof; wheeze, wheat, where, white, whine. 
 
 Section IX. 
 
 35. The next letter represents a hissing sound formed farther 
 back in the mouth and consequently with larger breath-aperture 
 than for s. The hiss is modified by the raised middle, as well as 
 the forepart, of the tongue. The sound is expressive of hushing. 
 
 j; (hu)sh! 
 
 36. The next letter represents the same position of the tongue 
 as for §, but with voice instead of mere breath passing over the 
 tongue. 
 
 It (rou)ge 
 
 fan, 
 
 far, 
 
 faim, 
 
 farm. 
 
 van, vjn, 
 
 vane — vain — vein, vine. 
 
 gSv, 
 
 gave, 
 
 griiv, 
 
 grave. 
 
 nav, sav, ] 
 
 knave — nave, save, ] 
 
 grov, 
 
 grove. 
 
 rov, 
 
 rove. 
 
 stov, gruv, miiv ; 
 
 stove, groove, move ; 
 
 wid, 
 
 wide, 
 
 Win, 
 
 vrine. 
 
 wiz, wip, wif, 
 
 wise, wipe, wife.
 
 ^7. Tlio lu-xt Utter (Iriiotcs a lispiiit!: sound loniicd by tlic tip 
 of the tonijiic li>;litlv toiKliiiii; the inner edjjjes of the front teeth, 
 while the breath «'siapis ihroui^h the chinks between the tongue 
 ami the teeth. 
 
 t, th(in) 
 
 3S. The same position ot" the toui^ue as for ^ yields the sound 
 of the next letter when a stream of voice, instead of mere breath, 
 passes between the tonj^ue and the teeth. This sound bears the 
 same relation to t, that d does to t. 
 
 ij th(en) 
 
 39. Exercise on the foregoing four letters. Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as: an old " gaz," a bad 
 *' tu^," a sharp " sit|," &c. 
 {i6, {^ilz, {ie, ^1, {50, fiu, paik, ,san, §ak, get, 
 
 pshaw, cbaiso, «ht>, shy, show — shew, shoe, shark, share, shake, sheet, 
 
 gut, gad, gjn, ,sru, grjv, gap, gaip, gam, gav ; ru^, 
 
 shoot, shade, shine, shrew, shrive, shape, sharp, shame, shave; rouge, 
 
 l;rin, Ijron, ^ef, ^evz, ^qv, ska^, te^, tiH, rfi^, 
 
 thauc, throne — thrown, thief, thieves, thrive, skaith, teeth, tooth, wraith, 
 
 re^, ru^, sfi^, ge^, botj, fat^ ; (je, cja, cji, (\\n, cjez, 
 
 wnath, nith, sooth, sheath, both, faith ; thee, they, thy, thine, these, 
 
 tjoz, c|ai, cjil'v, tec}, t\(\, secj, sjc], sue}, bac}, 
 
 those, there— their, they've, teethe, tithe, seethe, scythe, soothe, bathe, 
 
 re4z. 
 
 wreaths. 
 
 Section X. 
 
 40. In pronouncing tlie next letter the point of the tongue is 
 placed on the upper gum, and the voice flows, with a pure vowel- 
 like quality, over the sides of the tongue. 
 
 1 (ee)l 
 
 41. For the next letter the tongue takes the same high arched 
 position as for e. The difierence between e and y is that the 
 tongue gently compresses the aperture of e to form y. 
 
 y y(ou) 
 
 42. The next letter represents the same position and action of 
 the tongue as for y, but with emission of breath instead of voice.
 
 15 
 
 This consonant is used only before the vowel u. German ch in 
 ich has the sound of this letter. 
 
 q h(ue) 
 
 43. Exercise on the foregoing three letters. [Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as: a loud " kol," a wooded 
 " nol," a " qun " log, &c.] 
 16, lo, le, la, Ij, lu, liik, lek, 
 
 ]aw, lo — low, lea, lay, lie, 
 
 Ijt, lad, led, lod, 
 
 light, lade — laid, lead, load. 
 
 loo, lake, leek — leak, 
 
 Ian, len, Ijn, 
 
 Ilk, 
 
 like. 
 
 lat, 
 
 late, 
 
 lei, 
 
 leal, 
 
 liim, 
 
 lame. 
 
 league, 
 
 Ion, 
 
 lane — lain, lean, line, lone — loan, 
 
 lai, Iji, luz, leg, lolj, la4, lic|, Idc], lep, lup, 
 
 lair, lyre, lose, leash, loath, lathe, lithe, loathe, leap, loop, 
 
 Ijm, lorn, lum, lef, Ijf, lof, lev, liis, les, lus, lank, 
 
 lime, loam, loom, leaf, life, loaf, leave, lace, lease, loose, lark, 
 
 laid, laf; 61, k61, gol, al, el, jl, kel, kold, 
 
 lard, laugh; all, call, gall, ale — ail, eel, isle, keel, cold, 
 
 gll, gold, yeld, tal, tjl, tdld, till, dal, 
 
 guile, gold, yield, tale— tail, 
 
 nol, ral, rel, rol, rul, 
 
 knoll, rail, reel, roll, rule, 
 
 zel, gol, gol, pel, 
 
 gSl, 
 gale, 
 
 nel, 
 
 kneel, 
 
 snail, 
 
 snarl, 
 
 bol. 
 
 tile, told, tool, dale, 
 
 sal, sel, sol, 
 
 sale — sail, seal, sole— soiil 
 pil, pdl, pfil, 
 
 zeal, shoal, shawl, peal — peel, pile, pole — poll, pool. 
 
 knl, 
 
 cool, 
 
 del, 
 
 deal 
 
 snal, 
 
 snail, 
 
 brd, 
 
 bale — bail. 
 
 mal, mel, mjl, mol, fal, fel, fil, 
 
 bowl, male. — mail, meal, mile, mole, fail, feel, file, 
 
 val, vel, vjl, wal, w^l ; \yal, \yel, 
 
 ile ; whale, wheel, 
 
 vale — veil, veal, 
 
 yain, yand. 
 
 wall, 
 
 ye, yeld. 
 
 ^yi' ; 
 
 while ; 
 
 yam, yard, ye, yield, 
 
 rebyfi'k, fyiig, repyu't, 
 
 rebuke, fugue, repute, 
 
 l^yuz, fyfi, myu 
 
 thews, few, mew. 
 
 yei, yok, 
 
 year, yoke— yolk. 
 
 yu, 
 
 you, 
 
 nyu, dyu, kyu, 
 
 new, due — dew, cue, 
 
 myut, refyu't, depyu't, 
 
 mute, refute, depute, 
 
 qu, qud, iiun, ijuz. 
 
 hue — hew, hewed, lunvn, hues — hew8. 
 
 fdl, 
 foal, 
 
 y6n, 
 
 yawn, 
 
 youth. 
 
 ffll, 
 fool, 
 
 yol, 
 
 yawl, 
 use, 
 
 syu, 
 
 sue. 
 
 re nyu' , 
 
 renew, 
 
 fyud, tyun, 
 
 fe.ud, tune. 
 
 Section XI. 
 
 44. The next letter requires the tongue to change its position 
 during the utterance of the sound. From the commencing shut 
 position of t, it opens a passage for the breath through tlie " hush- 
 ing " position of g. The letter is therefore ecjuivalent to tg. 
 q (ea)ch
 
 i6 
 
 45. The ;utioii of tlu' tonti^ur tor tlu> lu'xt letter is in all re- 
 spects tlie same as for e,, Inil it is accompanied by the sound of 
 the voice, instead of mere breath. The letter is therefore equi- 
 valent to ll/,. 
 
 j .i('\v) 
 
 46. Exercise on the forepoinp; tvvo letters. [Introduce the 
 words in phrases or sentences, such as: a piece of" c,ez," a fine 
 •' broq," a <;ood " juk," &c.] 
 
 ani;, eq, koc,, teq, pec,, preq, pOc,, beq, bleq, 
 
 uvh, e*ch, couch, tench, jx'BK'h, preach, poach, beech — beach, bleach, 
 
 broq, laiq, maiq, staiq, quit, qand, qanm, qaij, 
 
 bro«ch— brooch, larch, march, starch, chart, charred, charm, charge, 
 
 qan, qiii, qfis, qfif, qek, qet, qen, qez, qep, qef, 
 
 chain, cimir, cliasc, chafe, check, cheat, cheer, cheese, cheap, chief, 
 
 qjd, qi'ii, qpi, qok, qu, quz, quel ; aj, kfij, 
 
 cliidu, chiiue, chine, choke, chew, chews — choose, chewed; age, cage, 
 
 jjfij, staj, raj, saj, qanj, pfij, waj, lej, sej, quj, 
 
 gauge, stage, rage, sage, change, page, wage, liege, siege, huge, 
 
 j6, jdi, jei, jad, jan, jrd, jib, jpz ; jok, jolt, jol. 
 
 Jaw, jar, jeer, jatle, jenn — jane, jail, gibe, gyves; joke, jolt, jowl, 
 
 ju, jut, jun, jus, jQz. 
 
 jew, jute, June, juice, jews. 
 
 Section XII. 
 
 47. The dotted letter a denotes a quality of sound resembling 
 a. but not so long or so definite in formation. 
 
 a a(sk) 
 
 48. The dotted e denotes the sound of e and i, in her, sir, term, 
 firm. This vowel is always associated with the soft sound of r 
 (n) . The letter •^ itself has the quality of ei at the end of a word ; 
 as in war (woi), far (fai), near (nei). 
 
 e err 
 
 49. The dotted 6 denotes a equality of sound resembling o, but 
 not so long or so definite in formation. This vowel is heard in- 
 stead of o before r (1) ; as in more (moi), four (fon) ; and also 
 in unaccented syllables, as in obey (oba'), halo (halo). 
 
 6 ore
 
 17 
 
 5o. The dotted n denotes a quality of sound resembling u, but 
 not so long or so definite in formation. This vowel occurs in- 
 stead of u before r (i), as in poor (pm), sure (gm) ; and also 
 when the vowel is short, as in put (put), pull (pul). The dif- 
 ference between u and u, in quality as w^ell as in length, will be 
 perceived by pronovmcing in contrast the words food and good 
 (fud, gild) ; boot and foot (but, fut) ; pool and poor (pill, pii^). 
 ii poor, pull 
 
 fast, 
 
 fast. 
 
 vast, 
 
 vast. 
 
 51. Exercise on the foregoing four letters 
 ask, kask, task, last, mast, past, 
 
 ask, cask, task, last, mast, past, 
 
 latj, pa^, ba^, lacjz, pk^z, bac|z ; ei, hei, sen, 
 
 lath, path, bath, laths, paths, baths; err, her, fir, 
 
 fen, dent, fleit, geit, skent, peit, ventyu, geid, 
 
 fir, dirt, flirt, shirt, skirt, pert, virtue, gii'd, 
 
 stend, ^end, beid, deik, geik, jenk, menk, lein, 
 
 stirred, third, bird, dirk, shirk, jerk, mirk, learn, 
 
 genl, peil, \yeil, \yei, heis, tens, veis, 
 
 girl, pearl, whirl, whir, hearse, terse, verse, 
 
 eitj, dei^, ben^, mei^ 
 
 earth, dearth, birth — berth, mirth, 
 
 heib, 
 
 herb. 
 
 seij 
 
 serge 
 
 birth — berth, 
 
 keib, 
 
 kerb. 
 
 peiq, 
 
 perch. 
 
 on, 
 
 senq, 
 
 search, 
 
 venb, jenm 
 
 verb, germ, 
 
 koi. 
 
 qeip 
 
 chirp, 
 
 skwenm, nenv, seiv ; 
 
 squirm , nerve. 
 
 Ion, ron, son, 
 
 lore, roar, soar — sore, shore, chore, pore— pour, bore — boar. 
 
 gO"!^ 
 
 fenz, 
 
 firs, 
 
 benq, 
 
 birch, 
 
 spenm, 
 
 sperm, 
 
 ton. 
 
 serve ; oar — o'er — ore, core— corps, gore, toi-e, 
 
 gon, qon, pon, bon, mon, 
 
 pas, 
 
 pass, 
 
 sten, 
 
 stir, 
 
 hend, 
 
 herd, 
 
 yenn, 
 
 yearn, 
 
 genlj, 
 
 girth, 
 
 smenq, 
 
 smirch, 
 
 fenm, 
 
 tirni, 
 
 don, 
 
 door 
 
 fon, 
 
 fore — four. 
 
 won, skon, ston, snon, swon, ponk, pont, kont, gond, 
 
 wore, score, store, snore, swore, pork, port, court, gored— gourd, 
 
 tond, rond, sond, bond, fond, tonn, bonn, monn. 
 
 toward, 
 
 wonn, 
 
 worn, 
 
 gonz, 
 
 shores, 
 
 fonj ; 
 
 forge ; 
 
 bun, 
 
 boor. 
 
 roared, soared — sword, bored — board, ford, 
 
 kons, hons, sons, fons, 
 
 coarse — course, hoarse. 
 
 qonz, 
 
 chores, 
 
 kyun, 
 
 cure, 
 
 kyund, 
 
 cured, 
 
 le^^un, se:5un ; 
 
 leisure, seizure ; 
 
 ponz, 
 
 pores — pours, 
 
 yun 
 
 your — ewer, toui-, 
 
 biins, kyunz, 
 
 bourse, cures, 
 
 huk, 
 
 hook. 
 
 source, force, 
 
 bonz, 
 
 bores — boars, 
 
 tun. 
 
 torn, borue — bouru, mourn, 
 
 donz, ronz, sonz, 
 
 doors, roars, soai's — sores, 
 
 61 -fon z, font,, ponq 
 
 all-fours, fourth, 
 
 pirn , 
 
 poor, 
 
 munz, 
 
 jnoors. 
 
 bilk, piit, fut, kud, 
 
 book, put, foot, could. 
 
 lun (or) lyun, 
 
 lure, 
 
 tiinz, bimz, 
 
 tours, Ijoors, 
 
 kuk, tuk, nuk, luk, ruk, 
 
 cook, took, nook, look, rook, 
 
 gud, hud, stiid, wild. 
 
 good, hood, 
 
 porch, 
 
 pyim, 
 
 pure, 
 
 ri>iiin, 
 
 nzvirc. 
 
 f^UK, 
 
 hnf)l<, 
 
 iVd, 
 stood, wood— wiuilil, full.
 
 i8 
 
 wul. 
 
 wool. 
 
 pus. 
 
 ln'u;ci ; 
 hiiu-ii.T : 
 
 van, 
 
 vdw, 
 
 111 a lit,. 
 
 IlUllltll, 
 
 aut, aui, 
 
 o\il, our, 
 
 saut,, 
 
 HOtltll, 
 
 aiil, 
 
 owl. 
 
 niaiu]/, 
 
 moiitlis, 
 
 amis, 
 
 ounce, 
 
 paiulei. 
 
 l)0\vdrr. 
 
 hail, 
 
 liow. 
 
 nail, 
 
 now, 
 
 Skction XIII. 
 
 52. The phiiii letters — a, e, i, o, u — have the same sounds in 
 WDiUl-I^ni^lisli :is. in their most usual pronunciation, in Literary 
 English ; thus : 
 
 a. 
 
 as 
 
 in 
 
 at. 
 
 ad. 
 
 an, 
 
 az, 
 
 am 
 
 
 
 
 ut. 
 
 odd. 
 
 an. 
 
 ns, 
 
 am, 
 
 e, 
 
 ' 
 
 ' 
 
 CS^ 
 
 el, 
 
 eq, 
 
 ej. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^•gB, 
 
 ell. 
 
 etch. 
 
 edge. 
 
 
 i. 
 
 ' 
 
 ( 
 
 it, 
 
 in. 
 
 il. 
 
 iz. 
 
 f, 
 
 
 
 
 it. 
 
 in, 
 
 ill, 
 
 is, if, 
 
 0, 
 
 ' 
 
 
 od. 
 
 on, 
 
 01 
 
 , of, 
 
 OV 
 
 
 
 
 odd. 
 
 on. 
 
 or. 
 
 off. 
 
 of. 
 
 ", 
 
 ' 
 
 • 
 
 up, 
 
 up, 
 
 us. 
 
 us. 
 
 
 
 
 53. Exercise on the foregoing five letters : 
 
 at, az, akt, apt, adz, album, arid, 
 
 at, a«, act, apt, adze, album, arid, 
 
 band, kavalri, flag, galaksi, 
 
 band, caviilry, fl-'ig, gi^la^y, 
 
 pa,sun, patent, plad, raleri, 
 
 pageant, pauaion, patent, plaid, raillery, 
 
 waft, waks ; eni, efe'kt, ekse'ntrik, 
 
 any, eflfect, 
 
 frend, ges, bed, 
 
 friend, guess, head, 
 
 lepand, ple^un, 
 
 leopard, pleasure, 
 
 in, iz, it, 
 
 in, is, it, 
 
 foifit, giv, 
 
 forfeit, give. 
 
 am, an, a,s, 
 
 km, an, ash, a' 
 
 aksis, balkoni, 
 
 mxis, balcony, 
 
 hara'jQ, pajent, 
 
 hkraLgue, 
 
 valyu, 
 
 Vklue, waft, wax 
 
 eg^e' ky utoi , esens, 
 
 executor, essence, 
 
 lejend. 
 
 men, 
 
 legend, 
 
 well,, 
 
 wealth, 
 
 bild, 
 build. 
 
 men, 
 
 zeni^ ; 
 
 Zenith ; 
 
 biznes, 
 
 business, 
 
 aks, 
 
 axe, 
 
 galeri, 
 
 gallery, 
 
 statyii, 
 
 statue, 
 
 ekse'pt, 
 
 eccentric, except, 
 
 hel^, hefei, jelus, 
 
 health, heifer, jealous, 
 
 rejiment, sed, sez, 
 
 regiment, said, says, 
 
 ijQgland, abi's, bizi, 
 
 England, abyss, busy, 
 
 gilt, him, figgei, 
 
 guilt — gilt, hymn— him, finger. 
 
 itch, 
 
 mem, 
 
 many, 
 
 if, il, 
 
 if, ill, 
 kotij, 
 
 cottage, 
 
 sigei, muqki, marij, minityiin, orinj, plagi, seivil, 
 
 singer, monkey, marriage, miniat\irc, orange, plaguy, servile, 
 
 seivis, siv, spirit, valiz, vestij, wimen, vinyaid ; od, 
 
 •ervlce, sieve, spirit, vallles, vestige, women, vineyard ; odd, 
 
 of, oks, on, ov, ofn, bond, kof, koliflaiii, ekstro'idinari, 
 
 off, ox, OD, of, often, bond, cough, cauliflower, extraordinary, 
 
 forin, grot, hok, lodnum, lorel, nolij, oliv, oidei, 
 
 fordgn, groat, hough, laudanum, laurel, knowledge, olive, order,
 
 us. 
 
 promt, provost, kwodrant, kwolifi, kworel, kwof, swon, 
 
 prompt, provost, quadrant, qiialify, quarrel, quash, swan, 
 
 skwodrun, soverin, won, wont, wo§, wosp, woz, woq ; 
 
 sqiiadron, sovereign, wan, want, wash, wasp, was, watch ; 
 
 ugli, ugkl, blud, buro, brucjei, dyfibius, 
 
 uncle, blood, borough — burrow, brother, dubious, 
 
 goiJLis, jenus, jenius, jelus, kupl, kunnel, 
 
 gorgeous, genus, genius, jealous, couple, colonel, 
 
 luksyuri, luv, nun, kwestyun, sutl, 
 
 love, none — nun, question, subtle, 
 
 wuik, wuid, wuild, wuim, 
 
 work, word, world, worm. 
 
 up 
 
 up, us 
 
 dun, 
 
 done — dun 
 
 kogus, 
 
 cautious. 
 
 ^uro, 
 
 thorough 
 
 WUl^, 
 worth. 
 
 young, 
 
 dujun, 
 
 dudgeon, 
 
 lugus, 
 
 luscious, luxury, 
 
 tuf, wun, wuri 
 
 tough, one — won, worry 
 
 wu-is, 
 
 worse, 
 
 54. Unaccented a — including the article a — has an " obscure," 
 indefinite quality, which the student will give with native effect 
 if he pronounce the letter with merely a " careless approxima- 
 tion " to its ordinary sound. 
 
 55. Examples of unaccented a : 
 adre's, ado'pt, akro's, age'n, 
 
 address, adopt, across, again, 
 
 alo't, ar^'z, ara'und, 
 
 allot, arise, around, 
 
 aja'i, ape'l, apa'it, abu'v, amu'g 
 
 alo'n, 
 
 alone, 
 
 aqe'v, 
 
 achieve, 
 
 avo'id, 
 
 avoid, 
 
 kajo'l, 
 
 cajole, 
 
 para'd, 
 
 parade. 
 
 fala'gus, 
 
 fallacious. 
 
 ate'nd, 
 
 attend, 
 
 asfd, 
 
 aside, 
 
 ano 1, 
 
 annoy. 
 
 asi'st, 
 
 assist, 
 
 abu'v, 
 
 ajar, appeal, apart, above, among, 
 
 awo'id, a\yi'l, kare'i, kan^'n, 
 
 award, awhile, career, canine, 
 
 kapre's, tabu', dragu'n, laga'n, 
 
 a^o'i, 
 
 ashore, 
 
 , afa'r, 
 
 affair, 
 
 kanu' , 
 
 canoe. 
 
 ama unt, 
 
 amount, 
 
 a^wo'nt, 
 
 athwart, 
 
 afra'd, 
 
 afraid. 
 
 ragu' . 
 
 ragout. 
 
 caprice, taboo, dragoon, lagoon, 
 
 pago'da, platu'n, babun, majo'riti, 
 
 pagoda, platoon, baboon, majority, 
 
 fase'gus, fami'lya-i, vani'la, vakyu'iti, 
 
 facetious, familiar, vanilla, vacuity, 
 
 Alternative form for e. 
 
 kape'i, 
 
 cashier, 
 
 mare'n, 
 
 marine, 
 
 fana'tik, 
 
 fanatic, 
 
 varj'eti, 
 
 variety. 
 
 56. The sound of e being of very frequent occurrence, and the 
 writing of dots with the pen inconvenient, an undotted e, /'«- 
 verted^ (a) may be used, ad libitum, as an alternative form for e. 
 The dotted letter is employed throughout this book ; — but e or a 
 may be written indifferently for the same sound. Thus : 
 
 fei or fai, 
 
 fir, 
 
 men or mat, 
 
 mynh. 
 
 \yen or Nyai. 
 
 whir.
 
 RIL\DIXGS 1\ WORLD-ENGLISH. 
 
 [Accent is always on tin- liist s\llal>li- unless otherwise cx- 
 piesscil. 
 
 The aeeeiit-inark is plaeed after the accentetl vowel. 
 Capitals are not usi-d in these illustrations.] 
 
 Shout Rkadings From Old Authors. 
 
 I. Active Goodness. — men! men mista'k c|i luv foi c|i praktis 
 
 Many men mistake the love for the prwtice 
 
 ov vcttyxi ; ajul an not so muq gud men az meiH cji frendz ov 
 
 o( \irtiic; and are not so much good men as merely the friends of 
 
 g'udness. 
 
 ({iHxlnitis, 
 
 II. Advice. — art claii pill .'* f^o cljse'lf aktiv and indu'strius, 
 
 Art thou poor? Show thyself active and industrious, 
 
 pesabi and konte'ntcd. ait c|au wel^i .'* ,so c|ise'lf bene'fi- 
 
 peaoeable and contented. Art thou wealthy? Show thyself benefi- 
 
 sent and qaritabl, kondese'ndig and qunifi'n. 
 
 ct-nt and charitable, condescending and himiane. 
 
 III. Articulation. — kore'kt aitikyula'^sun iz 4i most impoW- 
 
 Correct articulation is the most impor- 
 
 tant eksensjz ov c}i vols and ov cji oiganz ov speq. in just 
 
 tant exercise of the voice and of the organs of speech. In "just 
 
 antikyulfi' ,sun cji wundz ai not tu be hurid dvei, noi presi'pitiited 
 
 articulation the words are not to be hurried over, nor precipitated 
 
 silabl oven silabl ; noi, az it wen, melted tuge'cjer intii a mas ov 
 
 syllable over syllable; nor, as it were, melted together into a mass of 
 
 konfyu'i^un ; cja pud be necjer abrl'jd non prolo'gd, non fonst and 
 
 coDfUHiou ; they should be neither abridged nor prolonged, nor forced and 
 
 pot from cji mau^ ; cla pud not be trald, non drold, non let tu 
 
 shot from the month: they should not be trailed, nor drawled, nor let to 
 
 slip aut kiinlesli, so az tii drop unfi'nipt: no, 4^ an tu be deli'v- 
 
 Bllp out careleiwly, so as to drop unfinished : no, they are to be deliv- 
 
 end from 4' mau^, az byutiful koinz nyfili ipud from 4i mint, 
 
 end from the mouth, sa beautiful coins newly issued from the mint, 
 
 depli and akyuiTitli impre'st, penfektli finipt, netli struk bj 4i 
 
 deeply and accurately impressed, perfectly finished, neatly struck by the 
 
 proper onganz, disti'gkt, panp, in dyu sukse'pun, and ov dyu wat. 
 
 proper organs, distinct, sliarp, in due succession, and of due weight. 
 
 — Austin. 
 
 IV. Charity. — qariti iz (ji sum wi4 bene'volens on luv. it 
 
 Charity is the same with benevolence or love. It
 
 21 
 
 iz not propeili a siggl veityu ; but a dispozi'gun rezi'dig in cji 
 
 is not properly a single virtne ; but a disposition residing in the 
 
 halt, az a fauntin ^yens 61 cji veityuz ov beni'gniti, kandm, foi- 
 
 lieart, as a fountain whence all the virtues of benignity. candour, for- 
 
 barans, jenero'siti, kompa'gun, and libera' liti, flo, az so meni nil- 
 
 bearance, generosity, compassion, and liberality, flow, as so many na- 
 
 tiv stremz. from jeneral giidwi'l tu 61, it ekste'ndz its influens 
 
 tive streams. From general goodwill to all, it extends its influence 
 
 paiti'kyulaili tu 4oz wi4 hum we stand in nerest kone'k,sun. 
 
 particularly to those with whom we stand in nearest connection. 
 
 from 4i kuntri oi komyu'niti tu %yiq we belo'g it dese'ndz tu <\i 
 
 From the country or ; community to which we belong it descends to the 
 
 sm61er as6§ia'§unz ov niibuihud, rekl'^unz, and frendz ; and 
 
 smaller associations of neighborhood, relations, and friends ; and 
 
 spredz itse'lf ovei ^i hoi seikl ov so^al and dome'stik \]f. 
 
 spreads itself over the wiiole circle of social and domestic life. 
 
 qariti iz cji kumfo^ter ov ([i afli'kted, (|i prote'ktor ov cji opre'st, 
 
 Charity is the comforter of the afflicted, the protector of the oppressed, 
 
 4i rekonsjler ov diferensiz, (\i intense' soi for ofe'ndeiz. it iz 
 
 the reconciler of differences, the intercessor for offenders. It i8 
 
 fa^fulnes in c|i frend, publik spirit in c|i majistiTit, ekwiti and pil- 
 
 faithfulness in the friend, public spirit in the magistrate, equity and pa- 
 gans in 4i juj. in parents it iz kar and ate'ngun ; in qildren it 
 
 tience in the judge. In parents it is care and attention ; in children it 
 
 iz reverens and submi'gun. in a wuid it iz c|i sol ov sogal 
 
 is reverence and submission. In a word it is the soul of social 
 
 Ijf, 4i nioral sun 4at enlj'vnz and qeiz 4i abo'dz and c}i komyu'- 
 
 life, the moral sun that enUveus and cheers the abodes and the commu- 
 
 nitiz ov men. 
 
 uities of men. — Addiwn. 
 
 V. Defence of Frugality . — an eminent frenq statsman 
 
 An eminent French statesman 
 
 61waz reta'nd at hiz tabl, in hiz most prosperus daz, cji sfim 
 
 always retained at his table, in his most prosperous days, the same 
 
 fruga'liti tii \yiq he had bin aku'stumd in eili lif. he woz 
 
 frugality to which he had been accustomed in early life. Ho was 
 
 frekwentli repro'qt bj 4i kontyeiz foi 4's simpli'siti; but he 
 
 frequently reproached by the courtiers for this simplicity ; but he 
 
 yuzd tu repli' tu 4^"^ ""^ 4' wuidz ov an anient filo'sofer : " if 
 
 used to reply to them in the words of an ancient philosopher : " If 
 
 4i gests ai men ov sens, 4^r iz sufi'gent foi 4^'!^ \ '^ 4'^ ^^"^ "^t, 
 
 the guests are men of sense, there is sufficient for them ; if they are not, 
 
 1 kan veri wel dispens wi4 ^^"^ kumpani." 
 
 I can very well dispense with their company." 
 
 VI. JE ducat ion.— -A ijfiman sol, wi4a'ut edyuk'i',sun, iz Ijk 
 
 A human soul, without education, is like
 
 23 
 
 matM in i\\ kwori ; \yii; ^n/. mm <>\ its iiihr'rcnt b) fitiz unti'l 
 
 iiiarlili- III till' i|ii>rry ; which hIiuwm ii»ni- of itH liilicmit buauticH until 
 
 iji skil o\ iji poli.sc'i fi>r,c/ ant tji kulinz, maks (}i siriiis f\n, 
 
 Iho nklll of lli<< iMiltwIu'r fclciii-H out tlic ooluurs, niiiken the surface, sliiiie, 
 
 ami ilisku'vei/ cvori oiiiainc'ntal klaiul, spot, and van, (jat runz 
 
 aiul Ulth'oTiTH fViTV ornniiii'titnl doutl, Hjiot, iiiul vein, tliut ruus 
 
 t,ru tji bi^tli ov it. r(l\ ukfi',sim, at'tei (ji sfim nianei, \yen it 
 
 through tho lH>ily of U. kiliifiitiiin, after tlui sauie uiauner, wlieu It 
 
 Winks iipo'n a nobl mpid, droz aut tu vyfi cveri latent veityu and 
 
 workii ujx>u a noble iiiiiul, draws out to view every latent virtue auiJ 
 
 pentc'k^un. \yii",, wicla'ut sue; helps, ai never abl tu mfik c}er 
 
 p»Tf<vtioii, whieli, wltliout 8ueb helps, are never able to make their 
 
 ape' tans. aristotl telz us ijat a statyu Ijz hid in a blok ov 
 
 •pix-anuioe. Aristotle tells us that a statue lies hid in a block of 
 
 maibl, and <.jat tji ait ov iji statyuari dnli klerz avv^a' c|i syupe'i- 
 
 luarble, and that tlie art of the statuary only clears away the super- 
 
 fluus mater and reiml'vz cji rubi,s. cli figyur tz in 4^ ston, 
 
 fluous matter and n-uioves the rubbish. The figure is in the stone, 
 
 and iji skulptor onli fpidz it. \yot skulptyur iz tti a blok ov 
 
 and the sculptor only linds it. What sculpture is to a block of 
 
 manbl, edyuka',sun iz tu a qilman sol. (\i filo'sofei, (ji sfint, 
 
 marble, education is to a human soul. The philosopher, the saint, 
 
 on c}i hero, cji vv^iz, 4' gud, oi 4i grat man, veri ofn Ijz hid and 
 
 or the hero, the wise, the good, or the great man, very ofti^n lies liid and 
 
 konseld in a pezant ; and a proper edyuka\sun mjt hav dis- 
 
 concealed in a peasant ; and a proper education might have dis- 
 
 inte'id and brot tu \\t hiz nobl kwolitiz. 
 
 interred and brought to light his noble qualities. — Addison. 
 
 VII. Faith and Works. — intele'ktyuali we ma, konsc'v ov 
 
 Intellectually we may conceive of 
 
 fal, and vvuiks separiitli, just az we rekognjz in a kandl bo^ Ijt 
 
 faith and works separately, just as we recognize in a caudle both light 
 
 and het ; but put aut 4i kandl and bo^ an gon. so it iz wi4 
 
 and heat ; but put out the candle and both are goue. So it is with 
 
 fa^ and wuiks : wun rema'nz not wi4a'ut 4i u4ei. 
 
 faith and works : one remains not without the other. — Selden. 
 
 \'I1I. Furtnatlon of Character. — 4' Jxkpunz ov eq da ai 
 
 The actions of each day are 
 
 \yot foim 4i habits; and 4i tfist and afe'kgunz at ^yot infliiens 
 
 what form the habits ; and the taste and affections are what influence 
 
 4i opi'nyunz; bo^ kombj'nd ai \yot inse'nsibli foim 4i karakter. 
 
 the opinions ; both combined are what insensibly form the character. 
 
 IX. Fortunate Disappointments. — hau meni hav had rezn 
 
 How many have had reason 
 
 tube ^ankful foi beig disapo'inted in desj'nz ^yiq 4^ einestli 
 
 to be thankful for being disappointed in designs which they earnestly
 
 23 
 
 puisyu'd, but \yiq, if sukse'sfuli ako'mpligt, cja hav afteiwoidz 
 
 pursued but which, if successfully accomplished, they have afterwards 
 
 sen wild hav okil'^und 4^i' I'iiin ! 
 
 seen would have occasioned their ruiu ! 
 
 X. Gentleness. — tiTi jentlnes iz faunded on a sens ov \yot we 
 
 True gentleness is founded on a sense of what we 
 
 o tii cji komun natyur ov -syiq we 61 gih. it aq'zez from 
 
 owe to the common nature of which we all share. It arises from 
 
 refle'k^un on aiir on faligz and wonts; and from just vyuz ov 
 
 reflection on our own failings and wants ; and from just views of 
 
 cji kondi'gun and 4i dyuti ov man. it iz nativ felijg hjtnd 
 
 the condition and the duty of man. It is native feeling heightened 
 
 and impru'vd h\ prinsipl ; \yiq felz for everi ^ig r|at iz vjOman ; 
 
 and improved by principle ; which feels for every thing that is human ; 
 
 and iz bakwoid and slo tii infli'kt 4i lest wund. it iz afabl 
 
 and is backward and slow to inflict the least wound. It is afl'able 
 
 in adre's, and mjld in deme'nui ; ever redi tu oblfj, and wilig 
 
 in addi-ess, aud mild in demeanour ; ever ready to oblige, and willing 
 
 tu be obl^'jd ; bre4ig habi'tyual kjndnes toidz frendz, kuitisi tu 
 
 to be obliged ; breathing habitual kindness towards friends, courtesy to 
 
 stranjeiz, and log-suferig tii enimiz. it ekseisjzez o^o'riti wi4 
 
 strangers, and long-suffering to enemies. It exercises authority with 
 
 modera'^un ; admi'nisteiz repru'f wi4 tendemes ; konfe'nz favuiz 
 
 moderation ; administers reproof with tenderness ; confers favours 
 
 wi4 ez and modesti. it iz unasyu'mig in opi'nyun, and tem- 
 
 with ease and modesty. It is unassimiing in opinion, and tem- 
 
 perat in zel. it konte'ndz not egeili aba'ut trjflz ; iz $16 tu 
 
 perate in zeal. It contends not eagerly about trifles ; is slow to 
 
 kontradi'kt, and stil sloei tii blfim ; but promt tii alfi' dise'n,sun 
 
 contradict, and still slower to blame ; but prompt to allay dissension 
 
 and tu resto'i pes. it seks tii plez, ra4ei 4'^"^ tu jSjn and dazl ; 
 
 aud to restore peace. It seeks to please, rather than to shine and dazzle; 
 
 and konse'lz wi4 kai ^^X. syiiperio'riti, c4er ov talents or ov ragk, 
 
 and conceals with care that superiority, eitlier of talents or of rank, 
 
 \yiq iz opre'siv tii 4oz hii anbene'4 it- itdelj'ts abu'v 61 
 
 which is oppressive to those who are beneath it. It delights above all 
 
 ^igz tuale'viat distre's; and, if it kanot drj 4i folijQ tei, tu sful 
 
 things to alleviate distress ; and, if it cannot dry the falling tear, to soothe 
 
 at lest 4i gi't^vig bait. 
 
 at least the grieving heart. — lilair. 
 
 XI. Habitual Associations. — aiir ata'qmcnt tu everi objekt 
 
 our attachment to every object 
 
 ara'imd us inkresez in jeneral from 4i l^g^ ov aur akwa'ntans 
 
 around us increases in general from the length of our acquaintance 
 
 wi4 it: " 1 wild not qvlz," sez a frenq filo'sofen, " tii su an old 
 
 with it : "I would not choose,"' says a French philosopher, " to see an old
 
 24 
 piSst paid up wiij \yir, [ had bin lojj akwa' iitcd." a miiul loy 
 
 |hiat |>ull<tl U|) with wiiii-li I hihl lii'cii U>\m uoiiuiiiiiti'd.'' A iiiitid luug 
 
 liahi tvuatcd tu a seitin set ov objckts, insc'nsibli beku'mz fond 
 
 lul)ltt'usl<^l to a oTlain m'f of oliJi-ctH, liiscusibly 1)lCuI!R'h fond 
 
 OV sci^ (jcin ; vizits (}cni from habit, and parts from cjem w'n\ 
 
 of (M-t'lnK thru; viHltM tbriii from hiibit, aud partH from them with 
 
 rrlu'ktans ; from hens pr6si?'dz (ji avaris ov cji old in everi kpid 
 
 n'luotaiioc ; from hruei- jiroocodH tlic avarico of tUo old in every kiud 
 
 ovpozc'j^un; cjfi luv tji wunld and 61 c|at it prodyusez ; c}a luv 
 
 of jxMtneswion ; thi-y love the worM and all that it produces : they love 
 
 Ijf and 61 its adva'ntijiz; not bck6'z it givz cJem ple^un, but 
 
 life and all itM advantageH ; uut because it gives them pluaiiuro, but 
 
 bL'k6'z (ja hav nun it so lop. 
 
 because they have known it so long. — Goldsmith. 
 
 XII. Happiness Predominant. — mikst az c]i prezent stilt iz, 
 
 Mixed as the present state is, 
 
 rezn and reli'jun prona'uns, cj'^t, jenerali, if not olwiiz, ^i.x iz 
 
 reason and religion pronounce, that, generally, if not always, there is 
 
 mon hapines cjan mizeri, mon ple^un c}an piin in 4' kondi' ^un 
 
 more happiness than misery, more pleasure than pain in the condition 
 
 ov man. 
 
 of man. 
 
 XIII. Ilononring Parents. — " pri4e, trim," kw^o^ mi facjei, 
 
 " Prythee, Trim," quoth my father, 
 
 " \yot dust ^kvi men bj onurig c|i fa4er and 4l mu4ei.''" 
 
 "what dost thou mean by honouring thy father and thy mother?" 
 
 '•ala'uig (\g^\'\'\., an't plez yur onun, ^re hiipns a da aiit ov mi 
 
 " Allowing them, an't please your honour, three half-pence a day out of my 
 
 pa, \yen 4'~i gi"" old." "and didst 4au du 4^t, trim.?"sed 
 
 pay, when they grow old." " And didst thou do that, Trim 7 " said 
 
 yorik. " he did, inded," repljd mi ugkl tobi. " 4en, 
 
 "Vorick. " He did, indeed," replied my uncle Toby. " Then, 
 
 trim," sed yorik, sprigig aut ov hiz qai, and tiikig 4i coiporal 
 
 Trim," said Yorick, 8prin<^ug out of his chair, and taking the corporal 
 
 bj 4i hand, '' (\3.\x ait 4^ best komentator on 4^* pait ov 4i 
 
 by the hand, " thou art the best commentator on that part of the 
 
 dekalog, and i onun 4*^ Tsxm for it, koiporal trim, 4^^^ if 4^^ 
 
 decalogue, and I honour thee more for it. Corporal Trim, . than if thou 
 
 hadst had a hand in 4i talmud itse'lf." 
 
 hadst had a hand in the Talmud itself." — Sterne. 
 
 XIV. /-/ozv to Prosper. — nevei pla til ym wu^k iz fini^t, and 
 
 Never play till your work is finished, and 
 
 nevei spend muni until yii hav eind it. if yu hav but an am'z 
 
 never spend money until you have earned it. If you have but an hour's 
 
 wuik tu du in a da, du it 4i feist ^ig and iti an aiii : yu wil (\q.v\. 
 
 work to do in a day, do it the first thing and in an hour : you will then
 
 25 
 
 pla wlc| inkre'st ple^ui. foim (\i habit ov duig everi ^ig in 
 
 play with increased pleasure. Form the habit of doing every thing in 
 
 tim, and (\i me1;ud wil sun beku'm ezi. tii 4is, 61 men hii hav 
 
 time, and the method will soon become easy. To tliis, all men who have 
 
 rizn from poveiti tu wel^ manli o cjai prospe'riti. 
 
 risen from poverty to wealth mainly owe their prosperity. 
 
 XV. hiconsistent Behaviour. — iz it not stranj 4'it sum peri- 
 
 ls it not strange that some per- 
 
 sunz gild be so delikat az not tii bar a disagre'abl piktyur in ^\ 
 
 sons should be so delicate as not to bear a disagreeable picture in the 
 
 hatis, and yet, bj (!(?c\ beha'vyui, fois everi fas ^\ se aba'ut 4em 
 
 house, and yet, by their behaviour, force every face they see about them 
 
 tu wai 4i gliiiii ov une'zines and diskontent? 
 
 to wear the gloom of uneasiness and discontent? 
 
 XVI. Injf?ie?tce of Associates.— 6^ai 4i temper, 4i sentiments, 
 
 That the tfmper, the sentiments, 
 
 4i mora'liti, and, in jeneral, 4i bol kondukt and karakter ov men 
 
 the morality, and, in general, the whole conduct and character of men 
 
 ar infliienst b^ 4i egza'mpl and dispozi'gun ov 4i peisunz \yi4 
 
 are influenced by the example and disposition of the jx^rsons with 
 
 hum 4a aso'giat, iz a refle'kgun \yiq haz log sins past intii a pro- 
 
 whom they associate is a reflection which has long since passed into a pro- 
 
 veib, and bin rankt amug 4i standig raaksimz ov quman wiz- 
 
 verb, and been ranked among the standing maxims of human wis- 
 
 dum, in 61 iljiz ov 4i wuild. 
 
 dom, in all ages of the world. 
 
 XVII. Knowledge and Feeling. — moral and reli'jus instru'k- 
 
 Moral and religious instruc- 
 
 §un derj'vz its efikisi, not so muq from \yot men at t6t tu no, 
 
 tion derives its efScaoy, not so much from what men are taught to know, 
 
 az from \yot 4^ ai brot tu fel. 
 
 as from what they are brought to feel. 
 
 XVIII. Life Checkered. — man, 61wriz prosperus, wiid be 
 
 Man, always jjrosperous, would be 
 
 gidi and insolent; 61waz afli'kted wud be sulen oi dispo'ndcnt. 
 
 giddy and insolent ; always afflicted would b(! sullen or despondent. 
 
 hops and fe^z, joi and sor6,ai, 4eifon, so blended in hiz Ijf, az 
 
 Hopes and fears, joy and sorrow, are, therefore, so blended in his life, as 
 
 bol^ tu giv rum foi wuildli puisyu'ts, and tii rck6'l, from tjm tii 
 
 both to give room for worldly x'ui'^uits, and to recall, from time to 
 
 tjm, 4i admoni'gunz ov kongens. 
 
 time, the adnaonitions of conscience. 
 
 XIX. Liirht atid S'hade.—<:,in-\i\, \\k 4i sun, br]tnz everi ob- 
 
 Charity, like the sun, brightenH every ob-
 
 36 
 
 jckt oil \yii.; it ,sin/. : a scnso'iius dispozi'fiiin kasts ev6i i karakter 
 
 J<x't on whioil II hIiIiiih: a ri'iidortoiis (linix.iBitii>ii cBHtH I'Vi-ry fUaructtT 
 
 intii iji ilankist ^iid it wil biii. 
 
 iuto thi> lUrki-Ht Hlina>' It will hear. 
 
 XX. Mutual J/i'lp. — tfi nalnn/, wun l)l|n(l aiul (ji lulci lam. 
 
 Two iu'inlil>or«, om^ bhud iiiid tlu' otlicf luiiic, 
 
 wtl'i kiMil tu a i)kls at a ilistans. \yot woz tu bi dun? t|i 
 
 wiT<' cullitl to a jiluri' ut u diHtauoc. What waH to be done 7 The 
 
 blpul man kiul not sc, and (ji k"im man kud not wok ; but c]a 
 
 blind man oould not hih', and tlir lame man could not walk ; but tiny 
 
 manijtl tu help ec; uclei. cji blpnd man gav hiz legz, and c|i 
 
 uiaiiBtt<'«l I" •"••!> ''"i''' other. The blind man (^ave his legs, and the 
 
 lam man guv hiz \z. and in cjis manei (ji blpid man karid c|i lam 
 
 lnu- man gave his eyes, and in this manner the blind man carried the lame 
 
 wun tu cjih destina' j>un. 
 
 one to their destination. 
 
 XXI. Pauses. — poziz in rCdirj must jcnerali be fonmdupo'n c}i 
 
 PauHiH in reading must generally be formed upon the 
 
 maner in \yic; we uter ainse'lvz in ondinari sensibl konvensa'gun ; 
 
 manner in which we utter ourselves in ordinary sensible conversation ; 
 
 and not upo'n cji stif aitifi'gal manei \yiq iz akwjWd from rediy 
 
 and not upon the stiff artificial :nanner which is acquired from reading 
 
 bilks ako'idiy tu cji komun punktufi'gun. it wil h\ no menz be 
 
 l>ooks according to tlie common punctuation. It will by no means be 
 
 sufi'fcnt tu ate'nd tu cji points yfizd in printig ; foi c}ez ai fai 
 
 sufficient to attend to the points used in printing ; for these are far 
 
 from mankig 61 cji poziz \yiq 6t tu be mild in redig. a meka'n- 
 
 from marking all the pauses which ought to be made in reading. A luechau- 
 
 ikal ate'njiun tu cjez restig plasiz haz bin wun qef koz ov mono't- 
 
 Ical attention to these resting places has been one chief cause of monot- 
 
 oni, h\ ledig 4i redei tii a similar ton at everi stop, and a yuni- 
 
 ony, by leading tlie reader to a similar tone at every stop, and a uni- 
 form kadens at everi periud. 4' pi'imari yus ov points iz tii 
 
 form cadence at every period. The primary use of points is to 
 
 asi'st cji reder in dize'inig (\i grama' tikal konstru'kgun ; and it iz 
 
 assist the reader in discerning the grammatical construction ; and it is 
 
 onli az a sekundari objekt ([ai c};!, in eni me^ur, regyiilat hiz pro- 
 only OK a secondary object that they, in any measure, regulate bis pro- 
 
 nunsia'gun. 
 
 nonciatioD. — Murray. 
 
 XXII. Procrastination. — he ([at wats for an opoityu'niti tu 
 
 He that waits for an opportunity to 
 
 du muq at wuns ma bre4 aut hiz Ijf in jdl wigiz ; and regre't, in 
 
 do much at once may breathe out his life in idle wishes; and regret. In 
 
 4i last am, hiz yusles inte'njsunz and baren zel. 
 
 the la«t hour, hiA useless Lntentions and barren zeal.
 
 27 
 
 XXIII. Promptitude. — let him hu dez^Wz tu se ucje-iz hapi 
 
 Let him who desires to see others happy 
 
 mak hast tii giv \yil hiz gift kan be enjo'id ; and reme'mbei c]at 
 
 make haste to give while his gift can be enjoyed; and remember that 
 
 everi moment ov dela' taks awa' suml^ig from c|i valyu ov hiz 
 
 every moment of delay takes away something from the v^ue of his 
 
 benifa'k^Lin. and let him hii propo'zez hiz on hapines refle'kt 
 
 benefaction. And let him who proposes his own happiness reflect 
 
 4at, \yil he foimz hiz puipus, 4i da rolz on, and " c|i njt kume^ 
 
 that, while he forms his piirpose, the day rolls on, and "the night cometh 
 
 \yen no man kan wink." 
 
 when no man can work." 
 
 XXIV. ^z/jar/'e/. — tu angent kristyan heimits wans dwelt tu- 
 
 Two ancient Christian hennits once dwelt to- 
 
 ge'4er and neve^ kworeld. at last wun sed, "let us hav a 
 
 gether and never quarrelled. At last one said, "let us have a 
 
 kworel, az u4ei men hav ;" but 4i u4ei prote'sted 4at he did not 
 
 quarrel, as other men have ;" but the other protested that he did not 
 
 no hau tii kworel. " luk hei," sed 4i fe'ist, " \ wil plils 4is 
 
 know how to quarrel. " Look here," said tlie first, " I will place this 
 
 ston betwe'n us ; \ wil sa it iz mp, and du yu sa it iz yinz, and 
 
 stone between us ; I will say it is mine, and do you say it is yours, and 
 
 in 4is manei we wil mak a kworel." so he plast 4' ston in 
 
 in this manner we wUl make a quarrel." So he placed tlie stone in 
 
 4i midst, and sed, " 4is ston iz mjn." " no," sed 4i u4ei, " it 
 
 the midst, and said, "this stone is mine." "No," said the otlier, "it 
 
 iz mjn." " 1 tel yu," sed 4i feist, " it iz not yunz but mjn." 
 
 is mine." "I tell you," said the first, "it is not yours but mine." 
 
 " wel, 4^"i if 't iz yiiiz, tak it," rej^l^'d 4i truli kristyan bru4ci. 
 
 " Well, then, if it is yours, take it," replied the truly Christian brother. 
 
 4a had bin so muq aku'stumd tu pes 4fit 4-^ kud bj no menz kon- 
 
 They had been so much accustomed to peace that they could by no means con- 
 
 trj'v tu kworel. 
 
 trive to quarrel. — Lindsay. 
 
 XXV. Readbig. — tii red wi4 proprj'eti iz a plezir) and impo'i- 
 
 To read with propriety is a pleasing aud impor- 
 tant ata'nment; produ'ktiv ov impru'vment bo^ tii c}i undei- 
 
 taut attainment ; productive of improvement both to tlic under- 
 
 sta'ndijQ and 4i hait. it iz ese'n^sal tii a komple't rcde-i (jat he 
 
 standing aud the heart. It is essential to a couii)l(te niuUr that hu 
 
 minyii'tli peise'v 4i ide'az and enter intii 4i fclipz ov 4' <*^li"i 'i'"'^- 
 
 minutely ijerceive the ideas and enter into the feelings of the author whose 
 
 sentiments he profc'ses tii repc't ; foi haii iz it posibl tii repreze'nt 
 
 sentiments he professes to repeat; for how is it possible to roprcsent 
 
 kleili tii u4eiz \yot we hav but fiint or ina'kyiirat konse'pgunz ov 
 
 clearly to others what we have but faint or inaccurate conceptions of
 
 aS 
 
 ainsc'lvz .' if'iliii wC-i no ikJci lieMiifits rrzu'ltiy from ^\\ ail ov 
 
 ourwh.K? If tluTf wt'H' no Dthcr bcncllts rfmiltliig from llio art of 
 
 it'iliy wcl, (jnn tji nt-sc'siti it Ifiz us utulei, ov prcs|'sli ase^ita'nirj 
 
 n-ntlliix wi'll, than tlio nivfuoity It liiytt »is uiuli'r, of pririscly UBccrtiiiiiiuK 
 
 iji im'nitj ov \yot \vc red ; and (.]'] hahit (jcns akwi'nd ov <li~iirj (jis 
 
 till' meaning; of wUut \vc ri'iul ; and llic liiibit tlicncc iicquircd of doint; (liiK 
 
 witj fasi'Iiti, hot, \yen rc'diy s|Iciitli and ala'ud, c]cz wud konsti- 
 
 wlth facility, Initli when niuUii); silcnlly and uloud, these would con»ti- 
 
 tyut a siili'i^ont konipcnsri''>un for 61 c)i hlbun we kan besto' on (]i 
 
 tuto a BtiflloKnt oonip«Mipntion for nil llir labour we euu bestow ou the 
 
 siibjckt. 
 
 Bubjei-t. — Mrirrai/. 
 
 XX\'I. Rcz'cni^c.— (\\ most plan aiul natyinal sentiments ov 
 
 The most plain and nafiival sentiments of 
 
 ckwiti konku i wic] divi'n o^o'riti tii enfohs c]i dyilti ov fongi'v- 
 
 oquity oonoir with divine authority to enforce the duty of fortjive- 
 
 nes. let him liu haz never in hiz Ijf dun rorj be ala'ud cji 
 
 ness. lyi't him who has never iu his life done wrong be allowed the 
 
 privilij ov rcma'nirj ine'ksorabl, but let suq az ai konpus ov 
 
 privilege of remaininn inexorable, but let such as are conscious of 
 
 frrdtiz and krimz konsi'dei foigi'vnes az a det \yiq cja d tii 
 
 frailties and Crimea eousider forgiveness as a debt which they owe to 
 
 ucjeiz. komun faligz an cji strojggest lesun ov myfityual foi- 
 
 others. Common failings are the strongest lesson of mutual for- 
 
 bii'rans. wei (\\s veityu unnd'n amu'g men, ondei, kumfo^t, 
 
 bearance. Were this virtue imkuown among men, order, comfort, 
 
 pes and repo'z wud be stranjeiz tu i|uman lif. injiiriz retaliated 
 
 peace and repose would be strangers to human life. Injuiies retaliated 
 
 ako'tdirj tii c|J egzo'ibitant me^m vyiq pagun preskrj'bz, wud 
 
 according to the exorbitant measure which patience prescribes, would 
 
 eksi't reze'ntment in retu'in. c|i injiiid pe^sun wud beku'm 
 
 excite resentment in return. The injured pei-son would become 
 
 4i injurei ; and (\uv< rogz, rttalia'funz, and fre,s injuriz wud 
 
 the injurer ; and thus wrongs. retaliations, and fresh injuries would 
 
 senkyulat in endles sukse',sun til c|i wu'ild woz rendeid a feld ov 
 
 circulate in endless succession till the world was rendered a field of 
 
 bind. ov 61 c}i pa^sunz \yiq inva'd cJi quman brest, reve'nj iz 
 
 blood. Of all the passions whicrh invade the human breast, revenge is 
 
 (Ji most djiful \yen ala'ud tu ran wi4 ful domi'nyun. it iz 
 
 the most direful when allowed to reign with full dominion. It iz 
 
 moi (]an sufi',sent tu poizun 61 cji ple^mz ov Ijf. haii muq 
 
 more than sufficient to poison all the plea,sures of life. How murh 
 
 soe'ver a peisun ma sufen from inju'stis, he iz olwaz in hazard 
 
 soever a person may suffer from injustice, he is always iu hazard 
 
 OV suferig mo-i from cji prosikyu' jiun ov reve'nj. 
 
 of BUfferiog more from the prosecution of revenge. — Blair.
 
 29 
 
 XXVII. Satisfactory Rejnembraiices. — -\yot ai 4i akgunz \yiq 
 
 What are the actions which 
 
 afo'id in cji reme'mbrans a ra^unal satisfa'kgun ? a>i qa c|i 
 
 afford in the remembrance a rational satisfaction ? Are they the 
 
 puisyu'ts ov sengiial plei^m, 4i nuts ov joliti, 01 c[i displfi'z ov 
 
 pursuits of sensual pleasure, the riots of jollity, or the displays of 
 
 go and vaniti ? no : \ ape'l tu yiii baits, if \yot yii rekole'kt 
 
 show and vanity ? No : I appeal to your hearts, if what you recollect 
 
 \yi4 most ple^ur ai not cji inosent, 4i veityuus, 4i onurabl paits 
 
 with most pleasure are not the innocent, the virtuous, tlie honourable parts 
 
 OV ym past Ijf. 
 
 of your past life. 
 
 XXVIII. Self Reproach. — Ijf baz a ^aiizand trjalz, but 61 
 
 Life has a thousand trials, but all 
 
 sav WLin hav 4ai* remidi. we ma reku'vei from siknes, we 
 
 save one have their remedy. We may recover from sickness, wc 
 
 mit retre'v broken foityunz, we ma lem tu drj am teiz -v^'en 
 
 may retrieve broken fortunes, we may learn to dry our tears when 
 
 de^ baz swept awa' 4oz we luvd ; we ma disregard 4i konte'mt 
 
 death has swept away those we loved ; we may disregard the contempt 
 
 OV 4i boti, and sm^l at 4i kontyumili ov 4i pi'aud ; but 4a'' iz 
 
 of the haughty, and smile at the contumely of the proud ; but there is 
 
 wun aro \yiq, \yen it baz bin drivn intu 4i bait, kan nevei be 
 
 one aiTow which, when it has been driven into the heart, can never be 
 
 wi4dr6'n: 4i baibd and poizund aro ov self repro'q. 
 
 withdrawn: the barbed and poisoned aiTow of self reproach. 
 
 XXIX. Social Interests. — 1 fjnd mise'lf egzi'stig upo'n a litl 
 
 I find myself existing upon a little 
 
 spas sura'unded everi wa h\ an ime'ns unno'n ekspa'nfun. 
 
 space surrounded every way by an immense unkno\vn expansion. 
 
 \yar am \} %yot soit ov plas du \ inba'bit.'* iz everi^irj sub- 
 
 Where am 17 What sort of place do I inhabit? Is everything sub- 
 
 se'ivient tu me, az 4^ 1 had oideid 61 mise'lf } no, nu^iq Ijk 
 
 servient to me, as though I had ordered all myself ? No, nothing like 
 
 it : 4i fm4est from it posibl. bav i (\en no interest in 4i wunld 
 
 it : the furthest from it possible. Have I then no interest in the world 
 
 at 6U not if i sek an interest ov m] on, dcta'qt from <\at ov 
 
 at all? Not if I seek an interest of my own, detached from that of 
 
 u4eiz. suq an interest iz kime'rikal and kan never hav 
 
 others. Such an interest is chimerical and can never have 
 
 egzi'stens. hau 4en must i dete'imin.? iz a sogal interest 
 
 exi.stence. How then must I detirmine? Is a social interest 
 
 joind wi4 u4eiz suq an absu'iditi az not tu be admi'ted.^ 4> 
 
 joined with others such an absurdity as not to be admitted? Tlie 
 
 be, 4i bever, and 4i trjbz ov beidig animalz, ai sufi'jsent tu 
 
 bee, the beaver, and the tribes of herding animals, are suftlcieut to
 
 30 
 konvi'iis mi ([at (ji t,iq i/ snimyiir :it U'st posibl. hau, (jt-ii, 
 
 (Hinvlni-o iiif tlmt llu' Ihliin In Hdiui'wliiTi' sit li'iuit i)iiKHil)lc. liow. Hum, 
 
 am 1 a{^iV-i(l tjat it i/ not ckwoli tin ov man? admi't it. ami 
 
 • III I it<i»un'«I that it 1h nut i-<iuull,v true of iiinii 7 Admit it, and 
 
 \yot folo/. ? ijis: cjat onur and justis Ai m] interest: (]at <\\ 
 
 wh«t fiiUowH? ThiH : llint liunoiir ami "j\i8tioo nrc my iiitcrist : that tin: 
 
 hoi tran ov moral veityiiz an mi interest: wicja'ut sum p6i,sun 
 
 wholo train of moral vlrtucM iiri' my inttnvHt : without sonic i)ortii)ii 
 
 OV \yic,, not evn l,ev/, kan manta'n sosi'cti. but \ stop not 
 
 of which, not I'vi-u tlili'vcs can maintain Hocioty. But I stop not 
 
 hci : 1 pas from mi on nalnnhiul, mi on napun, tii (|i hdl ras 
 
 hiTi" : I jMuw fnnn my own neighborhood, my own nation, to the whole raro 
 
 OV mank|'ncl, az dispe'ist ^riia'iit c}i ei^. am ] not rela'tcd 
 
 of mankind, as dispoi-sod tliroughout tho earth. Am I not related 
 
 til cjem 61 b] rji myutyual iidz ov komeis, h\ c}i jeneral inteikons 
 
 lo them all by thu mutual aids of commerce, by the general intercourse 
 
 OV aits and letenz. b] c}at komun natyiir ov \yiq we 61 paiti'sipat? 
 
 of arta and letters, by that common natun; of which we all participate? 
 
 age'n: ] must hav fud and kldcjig. wicla'iit a propei jenial 
 
 Again : I must have food and clothing. Without a proper genial 
 
 \v6imt, ] perijS. am i notrela'ted in c|is vyu tii 4' veri eit; 
 
 wannth I perish. Am I not related in this view to the very earth 
 
 itse'lf.-* tu 4i distant sun from huz bemz j derj'v vigui .? tu c|at 
 
 it8<lf7 to the distant sun from whose beams I derive vigour? to that 
 
 styupe'ndus kois and oider ov cji infinit host ov hevn, bj \yiq 
 
 stupendous course and order of the Infinite host of heaven, by which 
 
 cji tpnz and seznz even yunifonmli pas on.'' wen c]is onden wuns 
 
 the times and seasons ever unifonnly pass on? Were this order once 
 
 konfa'iinded i kud not probabli sunvj'v a moment : so absolyutli 
 
 confounded I could not probably survive a moment : so absolutely 
 
 du 1 depe'nd on c}is komun jeneral welfiin. 4us, not onli 
 
 do I depend on this common general welfare. Thus, not only 
 
 onur and justis, and \yot j o tit man iz mj interest ; but grati- 
 
 honour and justice, and what I owe to man is my interest ; but grati- 
 
 tyud olso, rezigna'jSun, ad6ra'{,un, and 61 \ 6 tu (]is grat politi, 
 
 tude also, resignation, adoration, and all I owe to this great polity, 
 
 and its omni' potent guvennor, aun komun parent. 
 
 and its omnipotent governor, our common parent. ' —Harris. 
 
 XXX. T/ie Tones of Speech. — c}i m]nd in komyfi'nikatig its 
 
 The mind in communicating its 
 
 ide'az iz in a konstant stat of akti'viti, emd'^sun, or ajita^sun from 
 
 ideas is in a constant state of activity, emotion, or agitation from 
 
 cli diferent efe'kt \yiq cjdz jde'az prodyu's in cji speken. naii, 
 
 the different effect which those ideas produce in the speaker. Now 
 
 f|i end ov suq komyunika'pun beijg not mcnli tu la open cJi jde'az, 
 
 the end of such communication being not merely to lay open the ideas,
 
 31 
 
 but olso c\[ diferent feligz \yiq c\i[ eksj't in him hii uteiz d[em, 
 
 but also the different feelings which they excite in him who utters them, 
 
 4ai must be ucjei sjnz (J'ln wuidz tii manifest 45z feligz, in 
 
 there must be other signs than words to manifest those feelings. In 
 
 komun wi4 4^ ^^st ov 4i animal wuild, we ekspve's am feligz 
 
 common with the rest of the animal world, we express our feelings 
 
 h\ tonz ; but from 4i syupe'rior ragk \yiq we hold, am tunz ar, 
 
 by tones ; but from the superior rank which we hold, our tones are, 
 
 in a hj degre' , moi komprihe'nsiv 4an 4^"'^' ov 4i infe'rior ani- 
 
 in a high degree, more comprehensive than those of the inferior aui- 
 
 malz. inde'd, 4^i" iz not an akt ov 4i nijnd, an egze'ipun ov 
 
 mals. Indeed, there is not an act of the mind, an exertion of 
 
 4i fansi, or an emo'gun ov 4i hait, \yiq haz not its pekyu4iar 
 
 the fancy, or an emotion of the heart, which has not its peculiar 
 
 ekspre'gun bj a not ov 4i vols, syuted egza'ktli tii 4i degre' ov 
 
 expression by a note of the voice, suited exactly to the degree of 
 
 internal felig. it iz qefli in 4i pi'opei yus ov 4^z tdnz, ^at 
 
 internal feeling. It is chiefly in the proper use of these tones, that 
 
 4i lif, spirit, byuti and hatmoni ov deli'veri konsi'st. 
 
 the life, spirit, beauty and harmony of delivery consist. — Murray. 
 
 XXXI. True Honotir. — in oidei tii dize'in \yai man'z tru 
 
 In order to discern where man's true 
 
 onui l^z we must liik, not tii eni adventi'gus se^kumstans ov foi- 
 
 honour lies we must look, not to any adventitious circumstance of for- 
 
 tyun ; noi tu eni siggl spanklig kwoliti ; but tii 4i h<"^J ov '^yot 
 
 tune ; nor to any single sparkling quality ; but to the whole of what 
 
 foimz a man ; \yot entj'tlz him az suq tii ragk h] amu'g 4at klas 
 
 forms a man; what entitles him as such to rank high among that class 
 
 ov beigz tii \yiq he belo'gz ; in a wuid we must luk tu 4^ niind 
 
 of beings to which he belongs ; in a word we must look to the mind 
 
 and 4i sol. a mjnd syupe'rioi tu fei, tu selfip interest and 
 
 and the soul. A mind superior to fear, to selfish interest and 
 
 koru'pgun; a mjnd guve^nd h\ 4i prinsiplz ov ynnifoim rekti- 
 
 corruption ; a mind governed by the principles of uniform recti- 
 
 tyiid and inte'griti ; 4i sam in prospe'rity and adve'nsiti ; ne4ei 
 
 tude and integrity ; the same in prosperity and adversity ; neither 
 
 melted intii efe'minisi bj plez^un not sugk intii deje'k^sun h\ dis- 
 
 mclted into effeminacy by pleasure nor sunk into dejection by dls- 
 
 tre's: suq iz 4i mjnd \yiq foimz 4i disti'gk^sun and eminens ov 
 
 tress: such is the mind which forms the distinction and oniinenco of 
 
 man. wun hil, in no sityua'gun ov Ijf, iz e4er a,sri'md or 
 
 man. One who, in no situation of life, is either aslianied or 
 
 afra'd ov disqa'ijig hiz dyuti, and aktig hiz pfnt wi4 fcimncs and 
 
 afraid of discharging his duty, and acting his part with flrmuesR and 
 
 konstansi ; tru tii 4i fal^ in \yiq he profe'sez tii bele'v ; ftil ov af- 
 
 constancy ; true to the faith in which he professes to believe ; full of of-
 
 32 
 
 c kfiun tu hi/ hrotlion ov nianUi'nd; fritjlul ti'i hi/, freiul/, jencriis 
 
 fcrtlou to hU l<n<thn<ii of iiinnkiii<\ ; fnitliful lo liiH frici.cU, geuiToiiH 
 
 tu hiz ciiimiz, \v6im wit] konipa',sun tu (}i unfo'ityiinSt ; self-de- 
 
 to hU rdi'iiiliw, witrni with oomiuiMMton to thn uufurtunato ; self-dC' 
 
 ni'ifl tvi litl pr|vit interests and plc/,uiz, but zelus foi publik in- 
 
 nyioK to llttl • prlvato Intvrcstii and ploasun's, but zealous for public in- 
 terest and hapincs ; majjna'nirnus wicla'iit buirj praud ; humbl 
 
 t<Ti«t »U(l liii|<]ilni')w : niottunniniouH without beiut? proud ; huiiibli! 
 
 witjautbciy men ; just wicja'ut beip hai^ ; simpl in hiz inaneiz but 
 
 without b<'iug mean; Just without bring harsh; simple in his manners but 
 
 manli in hiz fcligz ; on hfiz wuid we kan enti'ili relj' ; huz 
 
 manly in his fet-UugB; on whose word we can entirely rely; whose 
 
 kauntinans nevei dese'vz us; huz profe'^unz ov kjndnes an (]i 
 
 counteoanco nev.T deceivc« us ; whose profissions of kiudnesH are the 
 
 efyu'^unz ov hiz hint; wun, in fjn, hum, indepe'ndent ov eni 
 
 effusions of his heart ; one, in fine, whom, independent of any 
 
 vyuz ov adva'ntij, we wud quz for a syuperior, kud trust az a 
 
 views of advantage, we would choose for a superior, could trust as a 
 
 frend, and kud luv az a bru^er. 4'S iz 4' inan hum, in am 
 
 friend, and could love as a brother. This is the man whom, in our 
 
 halt, abu'v 61 ucjeiz we du, we must onui. 
 
 heart, above all others we do, we must honour. — Blair. 
 
 XXXII. T/ic Scale of Being-. — ^i.r iz a grat del ov ple^iir 
 
 There is a great deal of pleasure 
 
 in konte'mphltiij c}i mate' rial wuild ov ina'nimat matei, but 
 
 In contemplating the material world of inanimate matter, but 
 
 cjer iz sum^ig moi wundenful and smprj'zig in kontempla'gunz 
 
 there is something more wonderful and surprising in contemplations 
 
 on <\{ wuild ov lif. everi pait ov mater iz pepld ; everi gren 
 
 on the world of life. Every part of matter is peopled ; every green 
 
 lef swoimz wicj inha'bitants. (Ji sez, laks, and riveiz tem 
 
 leaf swarms with inhabitants. The seas, lakes, and rivei-s teem 
 
 wi4 numbeiles kpdz ov livig kretymz. everi maiintin and 
 
 with numberless kinda of living creatures. Every mountain and 
 
 maig, wildeines and wud iz plentifuli stokt wicj beidz and bests ; 
 
 marsh, wildemesa and wood is plentifully stocked with birds and beasts; 
 
 and everi pant ov mater afo'ndz 61 propen nesesariz and konve'n- 
 
 and every part of matter affords all proper necessaries and conven- 
 
 iensiz foi ^\ Ijvlihud ov c|i multityudz y^iq inha'bit it. sum 
 
 iencea for the livelihood of the multitudes which inhabit it. Some 
 
 livig kretyiinz ar razd but just abu'v ded maten ; sum ai but wun 
 
 living creatures are raised but just above dead matter; some are but one 
 
 remu'v from cjez, and hav no u4en sens (J^n cj^t ov felig ; u4e'iz 
 
 remove from these, and have no other sense than that of feeling ; others 
 
 hav stil an adi'^unal wun ov herig ; u4eiz ov smel ; and 
 
 have still an additional one of hearing ; others of smell ; and
 
 33 
 
 ucjeiz ov s^t. it iz wundeiful tu obze'iv bj -v^-ot a gradyual 
 
 others of sight. It is wonderful to observe by what a gradual 
 
 progres ([i wuild ov Ijf adva'nsez, befo'r a kretyur iz foimd c|at 
 
 progress the world of life advances, before a creature is formed that 
 
 is komple't in 61 its sensiz. (\i hoi ov natym, from a plant tu 
 
 is complete in all its senses. The whole of nature, from a plant to 
 
 a man, iz (|us fild up w^i4 djveis kjndz ov kretyuiz I'jzig wun 
 
 a man, is thus filled up with diverse kinds of creatures rising one 
 
 after anu'd[ei h\ suq a jentl and ezi ase'nt 4at (|i litl transi'^unz 
 
 after another by such a gentle and easy ascent that the little transitions 
 
 and devia'^unz from spegyiz tu spegyiz at olmost inse'nsibl. 
 
 and deviations from species to species are almost insensible. 
 
 man filz up 4i midl spas betwe'n 4i animal and c|i intele'ktyual 
 
 Man fills up the middle space between the animal and the intellectual 
 
 natyui, and iz 4at ligk In 4i <^^" ov beigz \yiq foimz 4i kone'k- 
 
 nature, and is that link in the chain of beings which forms the connec- 
 
 §un betwe'n bol^. so 4^t he hu, in wun respe'kt, ma luk 
 
 tion between both. So that he who, in one respect, may look 
 
 upo'n a beig ov infinit peife'kgun az hiz fa4ei, and 4i hjest oider 
 
 upon a being of infinite perfection as his father, and the highest order 
 
 ov spirits az hiz bre4ren ma, in anu'4er respe'kt, sa. tu " koru'p- 
 
 of spirits as his brethren may, in another respect, say to " corrup- 
 
 gun, 4au ait m\ fa4ei, and tu 4i wunm, ([kn att mj miKJer and 
 
 tion, thou art my father, and to the worm, thou art my mother and 
 
 mi sistet." 
 
 my sister." —AMison. 
 
 XXXIII. Valuation. — 4' tru valyii ov eni poze'gun iz tii be 
 
 The true value of any possession is to be 
 
 qefli estimated h\ 4i rele'f \}'iq it kan brig us in 4i tim ov aui 
 
 chiefly estimated by the relief which it can bring us in the time of our 
 
 gratest ned. 
 
 greatest need. 
 
 XXXIV". Work.—\-iQ hu noz not \yot it iz tu Ifibui noz not 
 
 He who knows not what it is to labour knows not 
 
 \yot it iz tu enjo'i. rekrea'gun iz onli valyuabl az it unbe'ndz 
 
 what it is to enjoy. Kecrcation is only valuable as it unbends 
 
 us. 4i jdl no nu^ig ov it. 4i hapines ov Ijf depe'ndz on 
 
 us. The idle know nothing of it. The happiness of life depends on 
 
 4i regyiilai prosikya'gun ov sum lodabl puipus oi kolig \yiq, 
 
 the regular prosecution of some laudable purpose or calling which, 
 
 foi 4i tjm, enga'jez 61 am pautz. 
 
 for the time, engages all our powers.
 
 34 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 1. World- Enoiis/i. cji oil;o'giafi ov vvuilcl-iytjli,s cmbo'diz cji 
 
 The ortlioKn»j)hy of WorUl-KiigllHh cinbodii's the 
 
 saundz ov iji lay<j\vij wit} egza'ktityud. for cgza'mpl : 
 
 ■uuiuIm of till' liiii^usKc witli t'xac-titude. For cxauipk- : 
 
 cji simpl clinic' ntiiii sauiulz ov \vh, sh, zh, th, dh, ng, ;n ritn 
 
 TUo Kiiii|>lf ilemrutary bouikIh of wh, sb, zh, th, dh, ng, arc wiittcu 
 
 bi siqgl Ictenz, cji tbimz ov \yic; fo tji rela'^un ov 4i nyu letenz tu 
 
 by xiiigU' h'ttore, the fonns of which Hhow the relation of the uew letters to 
 
 cJi old oit,o'grafi. 
 
 the old orthography. 
 
 cji soft saund ov r iz diskri'minated tu c}i i, az it iz tu (\\. ei — 
 
 The soft sound of r is discriminated to the eye, as it is to the ear — 
 
 haue'ver unko'nj^usli — bj 61 spckeiz ; and 4* vibrated r reta'nz 
 
 however unconsciously — by all spcaki-fs ; and the vibrated r retains 
 
 eksklfi'sivli its esta'bli^t letei [r.] 
 
 exclusively its established letter [r.j 
 
 4i infliiens ov 4' soft r [i] on prese'dig vaiielz, az in air, 
 
 The influence of the soft r [i] on preceding vowels, as in air, 
 
 ore, err, — jenerali konfa'unded in dik^sunariz wi4 4^ saundz in 
 
 ore, err, — generally coufouudtd iu dictionaries with the sounds in 
 
 ale, old, ell, — iz manifested in 4i I'ltig ov 61 suq wuidz. 
 
 ale, old, ell, — is manifested in the writing of all such words. 
 
 4i letei r iz 4i ^nli igglig konsonant 4i saiind ov \yiq iz af- 
 
 The letter r is the only English consonant the sound of which is af- 
 
 e'kted h\ pozi'gun ; — Ijk frenq fjnal konsonants in \yiq 4i deve'lop- 
 
 fected by position ; — like French final consonants iu which the develop- 
 ment OV konsona'ntal kwoliti iz depe'ndent on a sukse'dig vauel ; 
 
 ment of consonantal quality is dependent on a succeeding vowel ; 
 
 az in : 
 
 as in : 
 
 t : es[t] ce ; es — t — il ; 
 
 n : mo[n] pere ; mo — n — ami ; 
 r: fo[i] 4is ; fo — r — evei. 
 
 rekogni'^un ov 4is and 4i u4e"i pekyulia'ritiz in kone'kgun vv^i4 
 
 Recognition of this and the otlier peculiarities in connection with 
 
 r iz ese'njial tii a tru rjtig ov igglig uterans. [se sekgunz IV and 
 
 r is essential to a true writing of English utterance. [See Sections IV and 
 
 XII.] 
 
 XIL] 
 
 4i saund ov konsonant y — \yic iz inklu'ded in 4i nam ov 4' 
 
 The sound of consonant y — which is included iu the name of the 
 
 letei u in 4' komun alfabet, and olso frekwxntli repreze'nted h\ 
 
 letter u in the common alphabet, and also frequently represented by
 
 35 
 
 i, az in union [yunyun] — iz her olwaz separatli ritn, in ak- 
 
 i, as in union [union] — is here always separately written, in ac- 
 
 o'ldans wi4 pr6nunsia'§un. 
 
 cordance with pronunciation. 
 
 4i forin styudent ov c|is sistem ^lid le^n from it tii spek igglig 
 
 The foreign student of this system should learn from it to speak English 
 
 wi4 nativ akyurisi. at 4i sam tim, 4i simpli'siti ov c[i mel,ud iz 
 
 with native accuracy. At the same time, the simplicity of the method Is 
 
 pruvd bi 4i ez wi4 ^yiq 4oz hu hav onli leind oidinari or^o'g- 
 
 proved by the ease with which those who have only learned ordinary orthog- 
 
 rafi red wi4a'ut spe^al instru'kgun, 4is fone'tik vengun ov 4i 
 
 raphy read without special instruction, this phonetic version of the 
 
 laggwij. 
 
 II. Standard Projucnciation. — 4i I'edijpz in 4is buk ilu'strat 
 
 The readings in tliis book illustrate 
 
 \yot ma be kold 4i noimal pronunsia'gun ov 4i I'lggwij — 01 dfit 
 
 what may be called the normal pronunciation of the language — or that 
 
 \yiq iz komun tii edyiikated spekeiz on bo^ sjdz ov 4i atlan'tik. 
 
 which is common to educated speakers on both sides of the Atlantic. 
 
 sum peisunz fal tu disti'ggwig betwe'n 6 and o, e and u, 1 and r. 
 
 Some persons fail to distinguish between 6 and o, (i and u, >i and r. 
 
 suq speke-iz ma konti'nyii tu giv 4^i kabi'tyual saundz fo^ 4^z 
 
 Such speakers may continue to give their habitual sounds for these 
 
 aliments, v\^i4a'ut beig afe'kted bj 4^ disti'gktiv rjtig. 4' latei, 
 
 elements, without being affected by the distinctive writing. The latter, 
 
 haue'vei, konstityuts and rema'nz a rekoid ov \yot iz ne4ei Idkal 
 
 however. constitutes and remains a i-ecord of what is neither local 
 
 no^ indivi'dyiial, but — \yot iz on 61 aka'unts dezj'rabl — a standard 
 
 nor individual, but — what is on all accounts desirable — a standard 
 
 pronunsia'pun foi 4i yus ov 4i wuild'z spekeiz ov iggl'ig. 
 
 pronunciation for the use of the world's speakers of English. 
 
 III. Children's Books hi World- English. — 4i pi'ezent wuik 
 
 The present work 
 
 amz at kwdlifjig its rede-iz tii penfektli undeista'nd 4' sistem, and 
 
 ahns at qualifying its readers to perfectly understand the system, and 
 
 komyu'nikat it tii leinenz. qildren'z buks wil, ov kois, hav 
 
 communicate it to learners. Children's books will, of course, have 
 
 tu be prepa'id, wi4 simpler redig ekseisiziz. elime'ntari 
 
 to be prepared, with simpler reading exercises. Elementary 
 
 instru'k^un ma be givn from 4' feist pait ov 4'S buk; aftei 
 
 instniction may be given from the first part of this book ; after 
 
 \yiq 4i skul " redeiz " naii in yus, repri'nted in vvunld-iggli,s, 
 
 which the school " Readers " now In use, reprinted in World-EugUah, 
 
 wil seiv 61 nedful punpusiz. 
 
 will serve all needful purposes. 
 
 452 
 
 «>Q'-.
 
 REFERENCI^: TABLE OF THE 
 WORLD-ENGLISH ALPHABET 
 
 Consonants. 
 
 Nam*. 
 
 Natut. 
 
 NiUHt. 
 
 A'«/«f. 
 
 k . . . kfi 
 
 t . . te 
 
 g(6h) . . . 
 
 '? 
 
 p . . . 
 
 . pe 
 
 , g • • • S-' 
 
 1 / ^ 
 
 d . . de 
 
 '4 (zh) . . . 
 
 '^f 
 
 b . . . 
 
 . be 
 
 B ("g) '9 
 
 n . .en 
 
 
 
 m . . . 
 
 . em 
 
 y (wv, or) va 
 
 1 . . el 
 
 t^ (th) [thin] 
 
 A 
 
 f . . . 
 
 • ef 
 
 q (yh) [hue] qu 
 
 1 (err) ei 
 
 4 (dh) [then] 
 
 i4 
 
 V . . . 
 
 ve 
 
 h (aitch, or) ha 
 
 r (ray) ra 
 
 q(t?) . . . 
 
 qs 
 
 w (double U, 
 
 or) we 
 
 1 
 
 
 6 . . es 
 
 j(d4) . . . 
 
 ja 
 
 \y (wh) 
 
 . \yri 
 
 
 z . . ze 
 
 
 
 
 
 a an 
 
 e ell 
 
 i ill 
 
 o on 
 
 u up 
 
 a air 
 
 Vowels. 
 
 a ale 
 
 e eel 
 
 1 isle 
 
 6 old 
 
 u . . . rude, too 
 
 i . . ah, arm, alms 
 
 a ask 
 
 e err 
 
 6 ore 
 
 u . . poor, pull, to 
 
 6 all 
 
 out 
 
 oil 
 
 
 Script Forms of the New Letters. 
 
 
 9 
 
 1 1 q g ^ 
 
 9 
 
 
 q 
 
 9 
 
 Y 
 
 Capital Forms of the New Letters. 
 
 IHSZTD€W 
 
 • The sounds of g and i never occur at the beginning of a word, in 
 English, and these letters, therefore, require no capitals. 
 
 Printed by Gibson Bros., Washington, D. C, U. S. A.
 
 LIST OF WORKS 
 
 BY 
 
 ALEXANDER IVt E L V I L L E BELL, 
 
 AUTHOR OF "WORLD-ENGLISH." 
 
 A rticulation. 
 
 I. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH AND DICTIONARY OF 
 
 SOUNDS. — In this work the mechauism of elementarj' sounds is minutely 
 explained ; and Stammering and other Defects and Impediments of speech 
 are practically treated. — Revised Edition. 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. 
 
 Elocution. 
 
 II. PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION.— This work contains a 
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 Intonation, Emphasis, Gesture, &c. Illustrated by a large collection of pas- 
 sages marked for exercise. Fifth Edition. 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. 
 
 in. ESSAYS AND POSTSCRIPTS ON ELOCUTION.— A 
 
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 ing and Speaking;" "English Pronunciation;" " Alphabetics ;" "The 
 Relation of Tones to Language;" "Accent;" "Emphasis;" "Action;" 
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 and Orators;" &c., &c. 12mo, cloth. P?7ce $1.25. 
 
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 A lecture delivered to students in the New College of Edinburgh. Pam- 
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 VII. EXPL.VNATOKY LECTURE ON VISIBLE SPEECH.— 
 
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 JUST PUBLISHED. 
 
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 *,• Prof. A. Melville Bell's Works may be obtained— through any bookseller— from the pub- 
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