MfiilHBBli^ll TION ill 1 n rv ■ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Ex Lxbris C. K . O GD E N ' APPRECIATIONS AND ADDRESSES / / APPRECIATIONS AND ADDRESSES DELIVERED BY LORD ROSEBERY EDITED BY CHARLES GEAKE JOHN LANE LONDON AND NEW YORK MDCCCXCIX >2- SECOND EDITION' I'rintcil by Ballantvne, Hanson .5-* Co. London the Edin- burgh United Liberal Committee, but the occasion, if tolitical, was so in form only. PARLIAMENTARY ORATORY The labourer is said to be worthy of his hire, but I am never quite sure why a vote of thanks is given to the chairman. Our assemblies are not so tumultuous as to require his inter- vention. He does not have, as in more favoured nations, to ring a bell, or even to put on his hat ; and certainly I never felt myself so entirely over-paid as I do this evening. What I have done is to possess myself of the most comfortable chair in the room and to listen to one of the most brilliant and one of the most fascinating addresses that I have ever had the fortune to hear. I owe Mr. Paul a debt for that lecture, and if Mr. Shaw had not already moved a vote of thanks to him I should move another ; and I have a special reason tor thanking him which Mr. 247 ADDRESSES Shaw had not, and it is this — that when, owing to recent interesting events, I thought it best to cancel my political engagements, Mr. Paul, who had chosen a political topic for his lecture, kindly changed it at very short notice so as to make this a non-political engagement and evade my self-denying ordi- nance. Now, on the other hand, we must always be fair, and I have one slight cause of complaint against my friend. I hoped when I heard the topic on which he proposed to address us that I should receive some practical hints as to the best method of making a speech. I knew I should go away refreshed, but I hoped I should go away improved. Now I do not think that he has given us any practical hints, except that we are not to overstate our case, and that we are not to write our speeches. I do not think he furnished any very cogent argument against writing one's speech, because he truly said that those who resort to that practice have the happy faculty of inserting into their speech beforehand the enthusiasm which it is sure to evoke, and to procure 248 PARLIAMENTARY ORATORY ready-made for their witticisms the laughter that they ought to elicit, but he left out by far the most important disadvantage which attends that method of oratory, and it is this — that sometimes, when you have sent your speech to the papers and it has been printed and published, you have not had an oppor- tunity of actually delivering it. That has happened on more than one occasion, and it has been a damper to an otherwise unexcep- tionable practice. Now, there are one or two marginal notes, if I may so say, that I might venture to make on what Mr. Paul has said. I think he went too far, if he will allow me to say so, unless my recollection is quite wrong, in saying that you can read the speeches of Pitt and Fox almost as they were delivered. My reason for saying so is this. Pitt, I think, corrected only two of his speeches for publication, and of one of those speeches he wrote — for I have seen the letter — that the report was so hopelessly incorrect that when he began to correct it he had to re-write it. I think that that in itself is a sufficient instance that Mr. Paul went too far in his assertion, 249 ADDRESSES and I think also that if you read the records of the Parliamentary debates of that time you will feel assured that the reports were not extraordinarily accurate. Then there is another note I would make. Mr. Paul attributed to Mr. Gladstone the saying that if a speech read well it. must be a bad speech. Mr. Gladstone may have said it, but the person who first said it was Mr. Fox. Somebody said to Mr. Fox, " Have you read So-and-so's speech ? It is an excellent speech." " Does it read well ?" said Mr. Fox ; " because be sure if it does it is a very bad speech." Now, Mr. Paul may say that Mr. Gladstone may have made that remark in those words, but I will bring forward again, as in the case of Mr. Pitt, my indirect proof — that Mr. Fox said not " very " but a word beginning with " d " ; and I am sure you will agree with me that that puts Mr. Gladstone's having said it out of the category of human possibilities. Let me make a short marginal note, not in the way of correction this time, but in the way of supplement. Mr. Paul alluded to that most remarkable speech of Mr. Gladstone on *5° PARLIAMENTARY ORATORY moving the vote of credit in 1885 in which he procured eleven millions sterling without a single speech being made in reply. I think that is one of the most remarkable achieve- ments recorded in the House of Commons. I think it is one of the most important — I doubt if any speech, not merely by its magnifi- cence, but by the fact of its being followed by a unanimous vote, ever produced such an effect on the continent of Europe. It had an effect wholly for good and wholly for peace. The fact of its being absolutely unopposed — the fact of this happy result, I would rather say — was due to some extent to an accident. Lord Randolph Churchill, who then led the Fourth Party, was away, taking a little refreshment. It was dinner-time when Mr. Gladstone ended — it was not wholly unnatural — and while Lord Randolph was at dinner Mr. Gladstone sat down and the debate collapsed. Lord Randolph always complained bitterly that the debate had not been maintained, and said that he should certainly have entered the lists, and I do not think we need doubt he would have entered the lists if he had been in the House; -5* ADDRESSES but that is an incidental circumstance a very happy circumstance, I think, but an incidental one. But a still more curious incident fol- lowed that speech, as showing the effect or the transient effect of Parliamentary oratory. Within six weeks of that speech being de- livered and that unanimous effect being pro- duced the Government was turned out of office. I do not know what moral to draw from that. It is perhaps a painful one if it be drawn at all, but as a member of that Government I remember the circumstance very clearly, and I rather regret that Mr. Paul should not have mentioned it and drawn the moral which I myself am unable to do. I could add another instance, but not so solid a one, to the influence of a speech over votes. It was in the House of Lords when the Liberal Government was in, and a great Government measure was brought up before the House of Lords, and two peers of my acquaintance, who belonged to the Opposition, came down to the House determined, in spite of their being Tories, to vote for it. But a leading member of the Government rose and 252 PARLIAMENTARY ORATORY delivered from the Treasury bench so powerful a speech in its advocacy that when he sat down my two friends determined to vote against the Bill. That is not a very satisfactory way of turning votes, but that is the only solid con- crete instance that I can tell of in which in the House of Lords a speech has influenced votes — at least it is the only one that I can call to mind. Mr. Paul left out perhaps a historical instance before Mr. Gladstone's time of speeches influencing votes. It was when, if you remember, Lord Macaulay — of course, he was a member for Edinburgh, as most eminent men have been at some time of their lives — when Lord Macaulay, on a question of allowing the Master of the Rolls to keep his seat in the House of Commons, turned the House of Commons completely round in his favour, and enabled that judge, by an exception which we can now hardly under- stand, to retain his seat in that House. After all, is not this the real practical importance of Parliamentary eloquence ? We talk of Parliamentary eloquence as if it was an orna- mental study to be pursued for its own sake, 253 ADDRESSES and we are apt, I think, a little to forget that the object and sole end of Parliamentary eloquence is to persuade for what you believe to be a good cause. I suppose there is one great instance of that, to whom Mr. Paul only alluded passingly this evening because he was not a great orator. Yet he was the most effec- tive orator of his time — I mean Mr. Cobden. Mr. Cobden sat down after one of Mr. Bright's great speeches and said with friendly frank- ness — a frankness that nobody but Mr. Cobden would have used — " Gentlemen, I do not deal in perorations." But the effect or his speech was narrated in those words which Mr. Paul has quoted from Bright's speech at Bradford. Let me take another wonderful instance — it comes very near home to you — in which oratory, outside Parliament entirely, brought about a great change in this country : I mean what is known as the Mid Lothian campaign. Lord Beaconsfield then had a very strong Government. When the general election came he chose to adopt a policy of silence. He wrote, if I remember rightly, only a short letter to 254 PARLIAMENTARY ORATORY the Duke of Marlborough as an appeal to the electors. Mr. Gladstone, on the other side, assumed a directly contrary policy, and nobody can doubt that one cause by which an enor- mous Parliamentary majority was pulled down at that election and an enormous Parliamentary majority on the other side was built up was due wholly and entirely — so far as wholly and entirely can be applied to a general election and its causes — to the oratory of Mr. Glad- stone on that occasion. On the other hand, in the United States we have just seen an opposite result. The victorious candidate for the Presidency shrouded himself in silence, and we are cal- culating by the hundreds and the thousands and the millions the number of words that the defeated candidate uttered in the course of his campaign. You cannot always, then, draw an inference even from that ; but my point is this, that Parliamentary eloquence, whether it be exalted or whether it be merely plain and forcible, is only of the slightest value so long as it is used as a weapon in the cause that the user believes to be good. You may 255 ADDRESSES think that a platitude, but there is nothing less a platitude than that. What flatterer of Parliamentary institutions can say that the speeches in Parliament are dictated solely by the wish to convert their hearers to a good cause ? Have we heard of nothing in the shape of speeches intended merely for delay ? And I am sure that in all those full-dress debates which are supposed to be necessary to the second reading of an im- portant Bill, from the heavy artillery of the front benches, which deals such tremendous death and destruction, to the humbler squibs that come from the back or the side benches, there is much that might be left out if argu- ment and persuasion were solely the object at heart. Do we not a little forget in these days that Parliament itself is not an end and an object, but only a method and a means ? Par- liament exists, not as an arena in which great men or small men or mediocre men may deliver long speeches, but to further the highest interests of the nation, to secure the free expression of the wishes of the nation, and to guarantee the good government of the nation 256 PARLIAMENTARY ORATORY to pass wise and just laws, and to see that due consideration is given them. What Par- liament has not always seen is that undue consideration is sometimes given. I some- times believe, I sometimes bring myself to think, that some of those who are swaddled and brought up in Parliament and who spend long periods of life in Parliament are apt to forget this great elementary truth, and that they would not mind a Session which was absolutely barren of results as long as the speeches had been good and copious, and as long as the debating had remained at the high standard of the best traditions of the House of Commons. Surely that is all wrong. I do not say we do not want better Parlia- mentary oratory, but we want a good deal less of it. If we could attain the standard to which Mr. Paul calls our attention we should not deem oratory always a waste of time. But to have Parliamentary time — so precious for many purposes — devoured by the speeches v/hich have so little to recommend them ex- cept their length is a trial of patience to the lovers of all free institutions. You have not ADDRESSES mentioned the speaker of whom I sometimes think with the fondest admiration of all. Sir Joshua Reynolds ended his addresses at the Royal Academy by saying that he wished to end his discourses with the name of Michael Angelo. I, if I want a sentence to sit down on, will sit down on this — that I regard with honour, with admiration, and with constant envy, the memory of single-speech Hamilton. 25* THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING BROTHERHOOD On July Jth, 1898, Dr. Charles IP aldstein gave a Lecture at the Imperial Institute on " The English- speaking Brotherhood." Lord Rosebery was in the chair, and this Address is his after-lecture commen- tary. The lecturer pleaded for " English-speaking " as against " Anglo-Saxon" urging that the unsound ideas respecting our racial origin involved in the expression " Anglo-Saxon " would do more harm than good to the cause of a better understanding between Great Britain and the United States. But it will be noticed that " Anglo- Saxon "found in Lord Rose- bery, if not a supporter, at least an apologist. THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING BROTHERHOOD I am sure I am only expressing your views when I tender, on your behalf, our thanks to Professor Waldstein for the extremely inter- esting address he has delivered to us this afternoon. He has set forth with a fulness and eloquence, and a learning which leaves nothing to be desired, his views on a question which is, perhaps, of the most vital interest to the English-speaking brotherhood — to use his own expression — of any that can lie before them. And, although I may not agree in detail with all his views and with all that he has laid down, and it would, perhaps, be im- possible for any two human beings to agree to so many propositions as he has laid down in the course of his speech, I think we may 261 ADDRESSES come to the general conclusion with him that, under whatever name we may choose to call it, or whatever form it may assume, the good understanding, the more cordial the better, between the — I hardly know what to call it, for I may not use the word Anglo-Saxon — the British and American races is one fraught with benefit to the best destinies of man- kind. But I must warn you against a pitfall that lurks even in that expression. It is this — that, putting aside the conscientious Russian, whom the Professor summoned to give testi- mony, I am afraid all the other great nations of the world are under the same impression as to the spread of their power and their empire. I doubt if the Germans or the French, for example, and I make bold to say even the Russians, though they have been quoted against the argument by the lecturer, would be disposed to say that the extension of their several empires was not in the best interests of the human race. That is a feel- ing common to all nationalities, and we can only hope that we indulge in it with more 262 ENGLISH-SPEAKING BROTHERHOOD reason and on a broader basis than do the others I have mentioned. Our lecturer took exception to the term Anglo-Saxon, and he took exception very justly to that term as not being truly a scien- tific description of our race. But I think he would agree with me in saying that the same objections would lie against a generic descrip- tion of almost any other race in the world — ■ that there is hardly a race in the world in- habiting its own territory — I cannot recall one at this moment — which can be strictly called a race, if all the objections which lie against the term Anglo-Saxon lie against the adjective which may be applied to that race. I do not plead for the word Anglo-Saxon. I would welcome any other term than Anglo- Saxon which in a more conciliatory, a more scientific, and more adequate manner would describe the thing I want to describe. But whether you call it British or Anglo-Saxon, or whatever you call it, the fact is that the race is there and the sympathy of the race is there. How you arrive at that sympathy, whether it be purely by language, or as, per- 263 ADDRESSES haps, I think more truly, by the moral, intel- lectual, and political influences under which a nationality has grown up — how you arrive at that sympathy, it is foreign to my purpose to discuss to-day. But this at least we may say, that when a nation has inhabited certain boun- daries without disturbance for a considerable number of centuries, even though it has re- ceived accessions from foreign nations, and when it has fused those accessions from foreign nations into its own nationality, and made them accept the name and language and laws and the facts of that nationality, it seems to me that for all practical purposes you have a nation and a race. Is not that the case with ourselves and the United States? Up to July 4, 1776, we lived under the same Constitution, with the little divergences which Great Britain permits to her external dependencies all over the world. Then came the great crash of July 4 and the treaty of 1783. I suspect that to those who lived in those days it appeared that the sun of England had set. It was so expressed by her greatest statesman. It was felt to be a 264 ENGLISH-SPEAKING BROTHERHOOD blow from which she could never recover. George III., though we may not agree with him in many things, felt that from the bottom of his soul, and he would not sign any acknowledgment of American independence until it was wrung from him by the sternest necessities. But history moves on. Do we not now recognise that that Declaration of Independence and acknowledgment of inde- pendence was not merely a good thing for the development of the United States, but also a good thing for the development of Great Britain ? If those nations were ever to become close friends, as there seems some prospect of their becoming now, it was an almost indispensable precedent in the condi- tions at which they had arrived that the United States should become an independent body of States ; and we, on the other hand, can feel this, that if we had remained con- nected with the United States as we were before we should probably have been satisfied and engrossed with the management of that great empire and should not have sought the infinite accretions which have come to our 265 ADDRESSES Empire since that date and rendered it world- wide even without the United States. There- fore, on both sides we have profited. If there is to be a common bond the United States comes into it infinitely greater and stronger than it would have been if it had lived under our dominion, and we on our side bring to the common stock a far greater and wider empire than would be the case if we had remained united. This is a very practical question. It is not merely a question for perorations, but it is a question of the most vital and practical politics. We see the Old World, the old continental world, gradually moulding itself into an attitude of not unmixed friendliness to the race which I must not name. After all, that was to be expected. So long as we were left free to develop our colonial ambition without any particular concurrence there was no con- flict of interest which would lead us into any violent antagonism to the older empires of the earth. But now almost all these empires have developed a colonial policy of their own, and therefore it was hardly possible under 266 ENGLISH-SPEAKING BROTHERHOOD these conditions that a position of extreme friendliness should continue to exist between those who were seeking colonial empires and that which already possesses one. You must not perhaps blame the European States for their attitude towards us. It is much wiser to explain it by natural reasons. But whether it be a wise attitude towards us or not, we have all to recognise, to whatever party in the State we may belong, that it is an attitude which has to be reckoned with, and that in future we must not rely too much on the extreme and altruistic friendship of some European States on which we had reckoned, and must be prepared to hold our own — I do not mean necessarily by warfare — but to hold our own in the great struggle for the division of the world which seems to be immediately impending over us. How very little of the world in a very short time there will remain to divide ! Has anybody taken that very seriously to heart ? Africa is portioned out into spheres of influ- ence of more or less value. Asia is being portioned out with a rapidity to which all 267 ADDRESSES previous partitions must yield the palm. There is practically nothing else left in the world to divide, and you will presently arrive at this — the world mapped out into several great portions, several great predominating influences, not necessarily actuallv hostile to each other, but commercially not likely to be very friendly. That points, I think, to the fact that the next war — the next great war, it it ever takes place — will be a war for trade and not for territory. Therefore, in looking round for the interest which most coincides with ours, even putting apart the question of nationality, we look naturally to the United States, which, though it has a protective tariff, is internally a great free-trade continent, and which certainly has no wish to see the external ports of the world closed to her commerce. The United States claims, and not without justice, that though she has a tarifl which shuts out many European importations, yet so vast is the continent within her tariff, so great is the number of the population of the States over which she presides, and among which there is free trade, that she is practically 268 ENGLISH-SPEAKING BROTHERHOOD a free-trade collection of States in the best meaning of the word. If that is so— if race and commerce, if the sympathies that arise from common nationality, the influence of centuries, the influence of intellectual training and political tradition are all ranged on one side in our connection with the United States ■ — it is not necessary, as it seems to me, and still less would it be expedient, to draw any formal bond which should define those rela- tions and those sympathies. But this, I think, at least we may say — whatever the foundation may be, whether it be one of race, or religion, or language, or interest, the moment is coming when, to use the sublime words of Canning, we may once more call the New World into existence in order to redress the balance of the Old. 269 SCOTTISH HISTORY This Address on Scottish History was delivered on November 23rd, 1897, in DowelFs Rooms, Edinburgh, when Lord Rosebery, as President, took the chair at the Annual Meeting of the Scottish History Society. SCOTTISH HISTORY What is the prospect that the report holds out to us as regards publication ? In the first place, we have the books for next year ; " The Papers Relating to the Scots Brigade," at the Hague, which is a subject of singular and original interest, which, I am sure, we shall welcome. Then there comes the 11 Montreuil Correspondence," which will throw light on what, I think, all will acknow- ledge to be a very obscure part of Scottish history, and which will furnish invaluable material to the historian. Then we have " The Accompt Book of Wedderburn " during the end of the sixteenth and part of the seventeenth century, which, I think, falls closely within the scope of what we had in view when we founded the society, to throw 2.73 s ADDRESSES light on the life of the country and the people, and I am sure nothing can do that so much as the Scottish accompt books which we have been privileged to inspect and to publish. But, if I may say so, the bonne bouche, in my opinion, of all that is held out to us is " The Memorials of John Murray of Broughton." We all remember the famous story of Sir Walter Scott's father and the mysterious stranger who partook of tea in Sir Walter Scott's father's house, and the father Scott throwing the tea-cup out of the window and saying, " Neither lip of me or mine comes after Mr. Murray of Broughton's." That is a singular and sinister incident, and the memory of Murray of Broughton is not altogether savoury in the nostrils of history, but, for all that, that only makes the publication of his own apologia the more interesting. I have been privileged, owing, I suppose, to my official position, to have a private taste of this publication, and I can assure you that your anticipations will not be disappointed, and that you will not regret the delay which has enabled Mr. Fitz- 274 SCOTTISH HISTORY roy Bell to add a considerable number of original papers from the Record Office and from Her Majesty's collection at Windsor to that book. The only part I have not seen of the book is perhaps that which we shall all like the best, which is the introduction by Mr. Fitzroy Bell. But that is a part which cannot be hurried, and I am assured it is in good progress, and it will make the volume additionally welcome when it comes. Will you forgive me if I say one or two words on the general scope and work of our society ? In doing so, I feel rather reminded of the speech by the late genial Sir George Harvey, the President of the Royal Scottish Academy, which I heard him make at one of the banquets of the Academy, which have, unfortunately, fallen into abeyance. Sir George Harvey was de- lighted with the exhibition, and he made a speech which amounted in brief to this : there never was such an Academy and there never were such pictures. Well, that is my view of our society. I shall express it quite frankly ; there never were such publications. 275 ADDRESSES I very much doubt if any one can find any serious fault with anything that the society has done or with any publication that the society has put forward, and I venture to ask you of what other society known to you can so much be said ? What is it we have been privileged to do ? What is the gap that we have been enabled to fill up ? I think all our publications are valuable. I am sure they are. But some epochs and some subjects appeal more especially to some than to others, and I think that we may say that on two subjects of great importance we have been enabled to do a good work — work which perhaps no other society could have done. Besides that, I flatter myself — but here I cannot carry my contention into the region of proof — that we have done much more than simply instruct by our publications. We have done some- thing in the way of inspiration to writers, and of inducing many to tread the field of Scottish history who might not have been so attracted except by our publications. I will take one book, the author of which is personally un- known to me, and which I have read and 276 SCOTTISH HISTORY which I dare say you have read with the greatest admiration and delight. " The Bye- ways of Scottish History," by Mr. Henry Colville of Glasgow. I cannot say for certain — for I have absolutely no knowledge on the point — that that book has derived any in- spiration from our work, but I like to think that it has. What, then, are the two subjects on which I think it has been the privilege of this society to do the most important work ? The first is the history of the Stuart family after the abdi- cation of James II., and that is a period of history which is still open to the historian. The history of the Stuarts after the abdica- tion of James II., in spite of the invaluable material that exists both at Windsor and else- where, and in spite of the very valuable monographs on the various rebellions which they inspire, remains yet, I think, to be properly put in shape. Now, we have done a good deal in that way. I myself have been privileged to co-operate by the publication of some lists of those who took part in the rebellion of '45. I do not mention that 277 ADDRESSES fact as an encouragement to others, but I mention it because of the warning it gave to me, which will last me as long as my life. In a preface to that book I put in an extract, which I duly copied from a veracious authority, but when I was challenged as to my authority I have never been able to put my hand on it from that day to this or to find the pamphlet from which I extracted it. Therefore, it is only one more confirmation of the invaluable advice given by an aged sage to one who sought his guidance in life, "Always wind up your watch at night, and verify your quota- tions." But I also like to think that, if I have not been able to do very much myself, I made a suggestion at the last meeting I was able to attend which bore instant fruit. I do not believe the result was due to my sugges- tion — I am not so vain as to think so— but I am happy to think that two minds came together and the result was that the suggestion I made — that we might have an itinerary of the wanderings of Charles Edward after the battle of Culloden — has borne fruit, and has been admirably carried out by Mr. Blaikie in 278 SCOTTISH HISTORY a volume which is now published. Now, let me make another suggestion, which I hope will be equally fruitful. Before the history of the Stuarts can be written there is a book which must be compiled and will not be easily compiled. I suppose you all know Haydn's " Book of Dignities," which has been con- tinued in a later edition by a Mr. Ockerby, and published by Messrs. Allen and Sons. It contains all the prominent honours and digni- ties and Ministries which have been conferred by the Monarchy during the whole period of our history, but what is wanted is a book of those dignities which were conferred by the Stuarts after their departure from England in 1689. During almost all that time they had their Secretaryships of State, and their peer- ages, their knighthoods and their various dignities, and a list of that kind would be a most valuable assistance to an historian of the Stuarts. I quite admit that the first edition might not be a very complete book, because I say there would be some difficulty in the compilation, but the first edition would bring out so many suggestions and put the editor 279 ADDRESSES on the track of so many papers that the second and the third and fourth editions would be works of incalculable value to historians. Now I daresay you might say, What is the use of any such book ? The dignities died with the people, and they were not of much interest when they existed. But that is not the fact. Historians, with all respect be it said, are not sufficiently careful in matters of detail. They do not give us the actual date of resignations of power and accessions to power, and in the majority of histories, if anybody wishes to read them accurately, they have to read them with some sort of calendar of dignities with the exact dates by their side and with the book which I suggest. There is also this to be said, that whereas dignities and Ministries are, perhaps, of ephemeral interest when conferred by dynasties that are actually existing, there is an element of sym- pathetic pathos about them when they repre- sent nothing but a faded, an abdicated, and a banished power. I am not sure that the whole calendar of the melancholy Court of 280 SCOTTISH HISTORY the Stuarts, their shadowy Secretaries of State, and their purely nominal dignities would not have a greater interest both for the historian and the student of human nature than that book of Kaydn's to which I have referred, which tells you of those who enjoyed power and substantial rank. I pass from that subject — the history of the Stuarts — where, I am sure, we have laid a sure foundation for the future historian, and I come to another subject of which a history has also to be written, and where, I think, we shall some day be recognised as having done an incalculably good work — I mean the his- tory of Scotland in the eighteenth century. The history of Scotland in the eighteenth century has, I think, by all avowal, never been written. You have had the history of the two or three rebellions that were stirred up by the Stuarts or by their agents. You have had copious histories of the Union. You have had the history of the Porteous mob told in great detail and by a great master of fiction as well. You have had the Darien scheme told in great detail. Wherever 281 ADDRESSES the history of Scotland in the eighteenth cen- tury has touched politics it has been told, but the history of Scotland in the eighteenth century only in a very rare and indirect degree did touch politics at all. After the Union, I think we may say that Scotland determined to take, with the disability of the loss of her separate government, the full ad- vantage of it. She gave herself up to fitting herself for the great part that she was destined to play in the government of the British Empire. She recovered by a long period of repose the exhaustion of the political part of her history, which was all excitement and which was no repose ; and as the affluent forces of nature gather themselves together under the uniform and impassive covering of the snow, so under the apparent deadness and moderatism of the eighteenth century Scotland was collecting her strength for the effort which she has put forward in the nineteenth. But there is even more to be said than this. She gained not merely by her reserve and recuperation of strength in the eighteenth century, but by the removal of the Court and 282 SCOTTISH HISTORY of the Parliament and of the fashion of Scot- land to the southern metropolis, she was enabled to develop in her rural districts types of independent character which I am sorry to say, under the influence of the more successful nineteenth century, with its railways and its hurry and its newspapers, are rapidly dis- appearing, and which it will be the privilege of the historian of the eighteenth century carefully to recall. I have been much longer than I intended to be, but I was anxious to call attention to the two fields in which I think we have done specially valuable work, and which, I think, may encourage the historian of the future. I think the historian of the eighteenth century will not be able, perhaps, to confine his re- searches to that century. He will have to carry it on to the first quarter of the nine- teenth, for the period of which I speak hardly ceased till the Ministry of Mr. Canning, and indeed, some of us have been able to see in our lifetime survivals of these rare types of lairds and of divines, and of the servants of divines, which are specially racy and character- 283 ADDRESSES istic of the Scottish nation and of Scottish soil. As long as we do this good work I wish more power to our arm ; in fact, as long as the Scottish History Society exists I look forward with a certain confidence to the future. Of the history of the present we know nothing whatever. In despite of the invaluable agencies which report to us almost every event as soon as it occurs, we can only learn partially and imperfectly the real story of our times. What we get from day to day is, as it were, a kodak view, limited, narrow, and piercing, but so limited that for the purpose of history it is of little value. It will be a century hence before the large and serene gaze of history can focus itself sufficiently on the events of the day to be able to place them in their true relation and their true proportion, and I trust and firmly believe that a hundred years hence the Scottish History Society will be still active and vigorous, and perhaps pointing its focus towards the somewhat distracting and distorted events of the age in which we live. 284 ETON On October 28th, 1 898, there was a great gathering of Old Etonians (never slow to celebrate their own good fortune) at the Cafe Monico, to say " good-bye " and wish " good luck " to the Earl of Minto, Governor- General of Canada, Lord Curzon of Kedleston, 'Vice- roy of India, and the Rev. jf. E. C. Welldon, Bishop of Calcutta. Lord Rosebery, as a distinguished Old Etonian, was in the chair } and proposed the toast of " Our Guests " in the speech which is here trinted. ETON This is, I think, in some respects the most remarkable dinner at which I have had the honour of assisting. So brilliant is the gather- ing that I would almost seem to require a pair of smoked glasses to contemplate the various dazzling celebrities who owe their various successes to Eton, and who are assem- bled round this table. And I should be for my part extremely uneasy at my position in the chair were it not that I well understand that, on an occasion like this, the best service a chairman can render is to say as little as possible and to obliterate himself. I remember a story that the late Lord Granville used to tell me — for dinners to outgoing Viceroys and Governors had not been hitherto unknown — they were habitual. Lord Granville was a 287 ADDRESSES guest at a dinner to an outgoing Governor of very indifferent powers of speaking, and as the Governor-designate laboured through his speech Lord Granville in sheer weariness cast his eye on the notes of the speech that lay before him and saw marked in red ink, copiously underlined, the words " Here dilate on the cotton trade." I forget the end of the story, but with a man of Lord Gran- ville's readiness of resource it is not difficult to surmise that those notes disappeared on the instant and that the orator very soon fol- lowed their example. I shall not be guilty to-night, and I trust that the numerous Viceroys who bristle around me and who are announced to speak will not either, of di- lating on the cotton trade, and I think that that is a course that will meet with your approbation. But there is another reason that makes it impossible to speak long on this occasion. There is a theory, well known to the Foreign Office, that every ship of war is, wherever it may be found, the territory of the country to which it belongs, and on that hypothesis I 288 ETON hold that this apartment, which bears all the characteristics of a London coffee-room of the most refined and brilliant kind, is, after all, Eton territory — is Eton ; and no one who has had experience of the debates of Parliament, or even of the conversations of Etonians when we were Etonians, will think for a moment otherwise than that brevity is the soul of wit. The words " rot " and "bosh " would have been applied — not, per- haps, improperly — to any one who exceeded the limits of perhaps three or four minutes. This leads me into a vein of thought which is not without its complications. If this is Eton territory, one at most feels as if the celebration should be essentially Etonian in more ways than one, and I seem to see, through a glass darkly, the vision of our Viceroys and Bishop-designate drinking "long glass " as part of their initiation. On the present occasion there is no " long glass " present, or I am sure that I should receive your support in moving that that ceremony should be undergone. Yet, after all, there nre circumstances in 289 x ADDRESSES this gathering that are not so hilarious. It is pretty clear that we are all of us a long way from Eton, a long way from " bosh," a long way from " rot," and the other associations that I have endeavoured to recall. We are not, indeed, without connections with Eton. We are honoured to-night with the presence of the Provost and the Headmaster ; but otherwise our associations with Eton are getting somewhat dim and distant. They are represented chiefly by the presence of our relations in the first, second, and third genera- tion who are privileged to be pupils within its walls, and I am not sure that there is not an intensified feeling of gloom at finding that you have among your juniors at Eton a Viceroy of India and a Bishop of Calcutta going forth in the full maturity of their powers to discharge those important functions. But, after all, that is a fate that had to come to all of us at some time or another. We had to draw a lengthening chain, lengthening daily as regards our connection with Eton. We must be prepared to see our successors grow up, and we must — it sounds trite to say 290 ETON so— be prepared to feel a little older every day. But there is one consolation in getting older as an Etonian — that you keep the pride that has always been in you since you went to Eton, the pride of the prowess of your school. I never knew but one Etonian who said he did not like Eton, and he very soon went to the devil. At any rate, whether we are pri- vileged to be Viceroys or Bishops, or have to lead a life of greater obscurity, we at any rate may glory in this — that we belong to the school that with an everlasting current of eternal flow turns out the Viceroys and the Bishops and the Ministers of the Empire that the Empire requires. The Duke of Wellington said — and I am sure you will expect this quotation — that in the playing-fields of Eton — he did not know how far they were to extend, what deserts they were to encompass — the battle of Waterloo was won. But a great deal more than the battle of Waterloo has been won in the playing-fields of Eton, and that somewhat presumptuous list that is printed on the back of our bill of fare calls to 291 ADDRESSES mind how in at least two great dependencies of the Empire — the Indian Empire and, if I may so call it, the Canadian Empire — Eton has played a conspicuous part. What, for example, would Canada have done without Eton, when out of the last six Viceroys all but one are Etonians ? And although my friend Lord Aberdeen is an unhappy exception, I do not doubt but if he could have been he would have been an Etonian. Is there not some- thing pathetic to us in our Alma Mater going on turning out the men who govern the Empire almost, as it were, unconsciously ? But, although I speak in the presence of the Provost, of the Headmaster, of Mr. Durn- ford, of Mr. Ainger, of Mr. Marindin, and of other great guides of Etonian thought, they will not, I think, dispute the proposition when I say that, however great the learning that Etonians take from Eton may be, the highest and the best part of their education is not the education of the brain, but the educa- tion of the character. It is character that has made the Empire what it is and the rulers of the Empire what they are. I will not dilate 292 ETON longer on this theme. I wish only to play a slightly conspicuous part on this occasion, and, after all, if we were once to begin to dilate on the merits and the glories of Eton we should not separate to-night. There is another reason that appeals to me to curtail these remarks. One of our distinguished guests, though he was born and nurtured and trained at Eton, has up to very lately occupied the position of headmaster of an establishment which I per- haps ought not to name on this occasion, but which I am sorry to say is painfully present to our minds about the middle of July. I have no doubt Mr. Welldon's Etonian expe- rience has moulded Harrow into something more like Eton than it used to be. Of course, of that I have no personal experience or know- ledge ; but this I do know, that, making a great sacrifice, as men call sacrifice, in position and perhaps prestige, giving up one of the most envied of all English positions, he is going out to take the Bishopric of Calcutta under circumstances which must commend him to all his brother Etonians. He is going 293 ADDRESSES to fill the See of Heber, animated, as I believe, by the principles of that noble hymn which Heber wrote, and I firmly believe that one result of his stay in India will be that he will have imparted a new breath of inspiration to Indian Christianity. I next come to my old college contempo- rary, Lord Minto. To most of us he is better known as Melgund, to some of us as Rowley. Lord Minto's position raises in my mind a controversy which has never ceased to rage in it since I was thirteen years old. I have never been able to make out which has the greatest share in the government of this Empire — Scotland or Eton. I am quite pre- pared to give up our fighting powers to Ireland, because when we have from Ireland Wolseley and Kitchener and Roberts I am sure that Scotland cannot claim to compete. But when, as in Lord Minto's case, Scotland and Eton are combined, you have something so irresistible that it hardly is within the powers of human eloquence to describe it. Lord Minto comes of a governing family — indeed, at one time it was thought to be too 294 ETON governing a family. Under former auspices it was felt that the Elliots perhaps bulked too largely in the administration of the nation. At any rate, whether it was so or not, it was achieved by their merits, and there has been a Viceroy Lord Minto already. There have been innumerable distinguished members of the family in the last century, and there has also been a person, I think, distinguished above all others — that Hugh Elliot who defeated Frederick the Great in repartee at the very summit of his reputation, and went through every adventure that a diplomatist can experience. And now Lord Minto goes to Canada. I am quite certain, from his experience, from his character and knowledge, from his popularity, that he is destined to make an abiding mark. Lastly, I take the case of our friend who is going to undertake the highest post of the three, because, after all, it is one of the highest posts that any human being can occupy. He goes to it in the full flower of youth, and of manhood, and of success — a combination to which every one must wish well. Lord 295 ADDRESSES Curzon has this additional advantage in his favour — that he is reviving a dormant class, the Irish peerage. Some might think that that implied some new legislative or consti- tutional development on the part of her Majesty's Government, but it would be out of my place to surmise that to be the case. But, at any rate, sure I am of this — that Lord Curzon of Kedleston has shown in his posi- tion at the Foreign Office qualities of elo- quence, of debating power, of argument, which have hardly been surpassed in the career of any man of his standing. I cannot say — it would be difficult to say — that he has done so in defence of difficult positions, because that would be at once to raise a political issue of the very gravest kind. But I am quite sure that no Under-Secretary has ever had to defend in the House of Commons any but positions of difficulty, and I think the foreign situations are always of that character. I am quite sure that when Lord Curzon has had to defend these situations he has defended them with not less than his customary success. He has devoted special study to India. I 296 ETON believe he has even entered into amicable relations with neighbouring potentates. He will pass from his home of Kedleston in Derbyshire to the exact reproduction of Kedleston in Government House, Calcutta. We all hope that in his time India may enjoy a prosperity which has of late been denied to her, and that immunity from war and famine and pestilence may be the blessed prerogative of Lord Curzon's Viceroyalty. I have only one word more to say before I sit down, and it is this — I think, we all must have in our minds, at least some of us must have in our minds, some immortal words on the occasion of this gathering so interesting and even so thrilling. Do you all remember the beginning of the tragedy of " Macbeth " ? The first witch says : " When shall we three meet again, In thunder, lightning, or in rain ?" The second witch replies : "When the hurly-burly's done, When the battle's lost and won." Surely these significant words must be present 297 ADDRESSES to us to-night. You are sending out three eminent men on three vitally important mis- sions to different parts of the Empire. Two of them, at any rate, go for periods of five years, and we must think even in this moment of triumph and of joy of the period of their return, " When shall we three meet again ? ' That must be in their minds too ; but this at least we may be sure of : if we are here present, or some of us, to greet them on their return when the hurly-burly's done and when the battle is not lost — for we exclude that — when the battle is won, they will have a tale of stewardship which is nobly undertaken and triumphantly achieved, one which has helped to weld the Empire which we all have it at heart to maintain, one which will redound to their own credit, and which will do if even but a little — for there is so much to be added to — to add to the glory and the credit of our mother Eton. I propose the health of Lord Minto, Lord Curzon, and the Rev. J. E. C. Welldon. 598 THE HAPPY TOWN COUN- CILLOR When Lord Rosebery, on October 30//;, 1894, went to Bristol to unveil the statue of Burke (see page 4), the city seized the opportunity to make him a Freeman. In saying " Thank you "for the honour and the ac- companying silver casket^ Lord Rosebcry (with dis- tinct appropriateness) sang the praises of Civic as constrasted with 'Parliamentary life. He had him- self at that time been Prime Minister a little more than six months ; he has recently become an Epsom Urban District Councillor. The resultant pump can only be a matter of time. THE HAPPY TOWN COUN- CILLOR I am not a member of the House of Commons, and I never have been a member of the House of Commons ; but I confess when I attempt to imagine what that existence can be I am bound to say that in every respect, so far as I can judge, a business man, a man who is fond of his home and of the life of home, and who wishes to see something tangible accom- plished by his own work and his own exer- tions, would infinitely prefer the career of a municipal councillor to that of a member of the House of Commons. You smile, but what, after all, is the career of a member of the. House of Commons as judged by the life outside ? After an election of an agonising character he may or may not be elected to 301 ADDRESSES serve his country in Parliament. If he be elected after a Session of the greatest exhaus- tion he employs his vacation, if he has a vacation at all, in travelling from village to village, or from ward to ward of his con- stituency, repeating a speech or repeating speeches which must become distasteful to himself and cannot be otherwise than dis- tasteful to those who hear him. At the end of that recess, if recess there be, he is called back to his Parliamentary duties in London. For that he forsakes his home, forsakes his wife, forsakes his family, and if he have a business he becomes a sleeping partner in it. If he is a landlord he becomes an absentee, and for what ? He sits on a bench in the House of Commons. He is conscious of ability and of powers of speech practised in the way I have described, but he is told by his Whip that on no account must he address the House though the debate, all the argu- ments in which he knows could be perfectly well exhausted in two hours, be prolonged for four or five days. During those days he witnesses the rising of right hon. friends and 302 THE HAPPY TOWN COUNCILLOR opponents on the front benches to make their speeches, and also of those irresponsible bores whom no Whip and no Minister can soothe to silence. There he sits, conscious that if he had to do it all he could do it so much more ably, and then finally he is whisked away to the lobby, there to vote as he is told to vote. On the other hand, what is the life of a town councillor ? He lives in his home in a town to which he is accustomed. He is able to look after his business, to see his wife, and control the education of his children, and two or three times a week he goes to attend a practical piece of public work, the practical results of which he will see in his own life- time. I do not wish to say anything dis- respectful of members of Parliament, more especially in the presence of Sir Michael Hicks-Beach and other gentlemen here, but I do believe from the bottom of my heart that a man who is a town councillor can effect in his term of office some small, practical, and tangible good, such as even the erection of a pump, and at the end of his term of office he 303 ADDRESSES has something infinitely more tangible and satisfactory to look upon than has a member of Parliament. He sees his pump ; he sees the water flow; and he sees the monument of what he has done, and knows he has contributed to the health, welfare, and, possibly, the sanita- tion of his neighbours. But at the end of the Parliamentary Session what has the ordi- nary member of the House of Commons got to look at that can be compared with that ? At any time the town councillor may rise to the position which you, Mr. Mayor, so worthily occupy. In that position he is looked upon by all his fellow citizens with respect, without envy, with a cordial wish to assist him in the discharge of his functions ; and he is the un- disputed chief of the community. But what is the future of the ambitious member of the House of Commons ? It may be that ulti- mately, if his wildest dream be realised, he will become a Minister. There I draw the veil. The happiness of a career that has its culmination in becoming a Minister needs no criticism. 304 SPORT In 1897 Lord Roseberys bay filly, Mauchline, won the Gimcrack Stakes at York August Meeting. One consequence of this was that later in the year {on December jth) Lord Rosebery, as the ozuner of the winning horse, had to reply {as he did in the following Address) to the toast of his health at the annual dinner of the York Race Committee and the Brethren of the Ancient Fraternity of York Gimcracks. The actual form of the toast proposed by Lord JVenlock was : " Success and perpetuity to the Gimcrack Club, coupled with the name of the Earl of Rosebery, the owner oj Mauchline." It is notorious that Lord Roseberys success in "classic" races has been the occasion of so?ne controversy. His own observations on the pointy written when he was Prime Minister in June 1894, should not be forgotten : " Like Oliver Cromwell" he said, " whose official position was far higher than mine, and the strictness of whose principles can scarcely be ques- tioned, I possess a few race horses, and am glad when one of them happens to be a good one." SPORT I find myself compelled to respond, of honoured by responding, for the club which I meet to-night for the first time, and with which therefore I cannot be so inti- mately acquainted as some of you ; but there is another difficulty still. I have won this race three times in my life, but I do not ever remember being asked to dinner before. Whatever be the cause, it is only of recent years that I have become acquainted with the dinner of the Gimcrack Club, and what makes my task more difficult is that I understand that, owing to the precedents of late years — the Gimcrack Club having been in relation to the Turf very much the same as the Lord Mayor's dinner stands in relation to politics — it is given to the guest of the evening to 3°7 ADDRESSES deliver himself of some dissertation on current turf matters, and to offer suggestions for some violent reform. Of that I am quite incapable. If you welcome me here under those pretences, I must tell you at once I am an impostor. I very seldom go to races, and if I go to see a particular race I usually arrive not long before the race takes place, and go very soon after it has taken place. As regards the rules of the Jockey Club, there was a time when I used to know something about them, but they have been so changed and modified since that I am informed by experts there are only two people who, in the belief of the most credulous, have any thorough acquaintance with them. One is Mr. Wetherby and the other is Mr. James Lowther, and I am not perfectly sure of Mr. James Lowther. In those circumstances it is a matter of embarrassment to know what I am to say to you to-night. I cannot extol the merits of the animal which won the Gimcrack Stakes, to which I am indebted for this honour, because, except on the occasion when she won this historic event, she has displayed no marked 308 SPORT excellence, and offers no prospect of it. But, after all, I can always give advice with the perpetual prerogative of a person who has nothing to say. I am a little alarmed, I con- fess, at the juvenile reminiscences of my friend Lord Wenlock, because I am afraid that it may encourage my sons to take in their turn to racing. If I am asked to give advice to those who are inclined to spend their time and their money on the turf, I should give them the advice that Punch gave to those about to marry — "Don't." That, I admit, is a dis- couraging remark for an assembly of sports- men, and I perceive that it is received in the deadest silence. I will give you my reasons for that remark. In the first place, the apprenticeship is exceedingly expensive ; in the next place, the pursuit is too engrossing for any one who has anything else to do in this life ; and, in the third place, the rewards, as compared with the disappointments, stand in the relation of, at the most, one per cent. An ounce of fact is worth a ton of exhortation, and I will give you my expe- rience ; and it will be an exceedingly genial 309 ADDRESSES and pleasant dinner if everybody truthfully gives us his. I will give you my experience of the Turf, and you shall judge whether I have not some foundation for the advice that I give. A great many years ago — too many years ago from one point of view— and at an early age — much too early an age from every point of view — I conceived the ambition to win the Derby. For a quarter of a century I struggled. Sometimes I ran second, sometimes I ran third, very often I ran last ; but at last the time arrived when, as Lord Wenlock reminded you, I was about to realise the fruition of my hopes. I was with the second Ladas about to win the Derby, and I ought to have been the happiest of men. Well, after a quarter of a century of fruitless expectation, I won the Derby. But what was the result ? I at that time held high office, as Lord Wenlock has also reminded you, under the Crown. I was immediately attacked from quarters of an almost inspired character for owning race- horses at all. With very little knowledge of the facts, and with much less of that charity 310 SPORT that " thinketh no evil," I was attacked with the greatest violence for owning a racehorse at all. I then made the discovery, which came to me too late in life, that what was venial and innocent in the other officers of the Government — in a Secretary of State or a President of the Council, for example — was criminal in the First Lord of the Treasury. I do not even know if I ought not to have learnt another lesson — that although, without guilt and offence, I might perpetually run seconds and thirds, or even run last, it became a matter of torture to many consciences if I won. But my troubles did not end there. Shortly afterwards we had a general election, and I then found that, having received abundant buffets on one cheek from the smiter, I was now to receive them on the other. I was then assailed, or rather those associated with me were assailed, not because we were too sport- ing, but because we were not sporting enough. Leagues and associations with high-sounding names and unerring principles were started to attack my unfortunate supporters, on the 3 11 ADDRESSES ground that we were not supporters of sport, I having already suffered so severely from having been too much a sportsman. I say then I have a right to give advice, having suffered on both sides for being too sporting and for not being sporting enough. That is my experience. I then hoped that my troubles were over. I withdrew into the sanctity of private life, and I felt that then, at any rate, fortune could no longer assail me, and that I should be enabled to pursue what I believe is facetiously called "the sport of Kings" with- out any particular detriment. But here again I am mistaken. Last year I thought, as so many of us have thought, that I possessed the horse of the century, and I believe that I did own a very good horse until he was overtaken by an illness ; but I at once began, as foolish turfites do, to build all sorts of castles in the air — to buy yachts and to do all sorts of things that my means on that hypothesis would permit. From the very moment I began to form these projects the curse fell upon me. From October I, 1896, to October 1, 1897, I ran second in every great race in which I ran, si a SPORT except two, which I won, and I think that, when I advise those who are about to race not to do so, I am justified by the experience which I have laid before you in so harrowing a manner. Is there no compensation to those who pursue a sport which is carried on under such difficulties ? I myself am of opinion that there are friendships formed and a know- ledge of the world formed on the Turf which are invaluable to any man who wishes to get on in life. There was a famous lady who lived in the middle of this century, Harriet, Lady Ashburton, who summed up her views on the subject in a remark which has been preserved by the late Lord Houghton. She said, " If I were to begin life again I should go on the Turf merely to get friends. They seem to me to be the only people who really hold together — I do not know why. It may be that each man knows something that would hang the other, but the effect is delight- ful and most peculiar." If that was the cause of Turf friendship, the effect would be most peculiar ; but of this I am perfectly certain that is not the real basis of Turf friendship. 313 ADDRESSES I know nothing that would hang any of those I have known on the Turf, and I am quite sure that if anybody on the Turf, or if any- body had known anything that would hang me about three years ago, I should not be in life at this moment. But there must be more than friendship — more than secrets which are too dangerous for people to carry about with them — to constitute the real bond of union on the Turf. Of course, many men say that it is gain. I do not think anybody need pursue the Turf with the idea of gain, and I have been at some trouble to understand why I and others, under singular difficulties, have pursued this most discouraging amusement. I see my trainer looking at me from a distant table with an inquiring eye. He could tell you probably better than I could tell you ; but, so far as I am concerned, the pleasures of the Turf do not so much lie on the racecourse. They lie in the breeding of a horse, in that most delightful furniture of any park or enclosure — the brood mare and the foal — in watching the develop- ment of the foal, the growth of the horse, and 3H SPORT the exercise of the horse at home ; but I do not believe that even that would be sufficient, if we had not some secret ambition to lure us on. It is obviously not in being winners of the Ten Thousand Guineas and such races, for these are practically unapproachable ; but after very careful analysis from all the facts that have come under my observation, I believe it to be an anxious desire of aspirants for fame connected with the Turf to become the owner of what is called " the horse of the century." Whether they will ever do so or not is a matter of very great doubt in all their minds, and how they are to set about it must be a matter of still more anxious inquisition. There is the method of purchase, but I speak in the presence of a number of gentlemen, some of whom perhaps breed horses for sale or have horses for sale, and I therefore do not venture to speak of that method with dis- paragement ; but I do not think the horse of the century will ever be acquired at auction. Then there is the method of abstract theory and historical law. There is an idea that bv 3*5 ADDRESSES some connection with Byerley Turk — which in itself has a horrible flavour of the Eastern Question about it — that you may acquire the horse of the century. Lastly, there is the method of numbers — that new-fashioned method of numbers. You do something on paper that looks like a rule-of-three sum, and in a moment you have the horse of the century. I am not sure that we do believe in any of these ways. I believe the goddess of Fortune plays a great part in the production of the horse of the century. What we who are striving to produce that miraculous animal can fold to our bosom is this, that the century is drawing to a close, and that pos- sibly we may have better luck in producing it in the twentieth century than we had in pro- ducing it in the nineteenth. There was a relative of mine, whose name may have been known to some of you as an eccentric lady, who lived in the East — I mean Lady Hester Stanhope. She also dreamed of having a miraculous animal of this description. She expected to possess a mare which should be born with a back like a saddle, which 316 SPORT should carry a prophet into Jerusalem with Lady Hester by her side. She obtained the horse, but the prophet never arrived. And across all these dreams of the future there is one cloud in the horizon. We fancy that we feel the sobering influence of the motor-car. As yet it is only in its infancy, it is, as yet, rather given to afford a mild sensation of notoriety to its patrons, combined with a considerable smell of oil and a rattle of wheels. We may not yet imagine Lord Lonsdale hunting the Quorn hounds or inspecting a foreign army from the back of a motor-car. We may not yet be able to realise his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales leading home the victorious locomotive in the national race on Epsom Downs. Let us hope, at any rate, for the best. I believe that so long as institutions like the Gimcrack Club are kept in full vigour and are not allowed to die out we have a fair prospect of racing before us. I must say one word in conclusion about the toast committed to my charge. It is that of the Gimcrack Club, and I see opposite me 3i7 ADDRESSES an engraving of the picture, which I am so fortunate as to possess, by Stubbs of that very- beautiful little animal. I am not quite sure why it is that the Gimcrack Club was founded, and founded in York, because as a matter of fact I looked over his performances this morning and I find that out of his very few defeats two of them took place on York race- course and his victories were usually in the south of England. We can never account for these things, and it is at any rate a great thing to have kept alive the memory of that gallant little horse- — which, I do not suppose, stood over fourteen hands when alive — for nearly a century and a half in this ancient and venerable city. He was a horse which I think anybody would fear to possess now, with the conditions that he was to run two or three four-mile heats every week for .£50 ; yet having been so valuable and admired as to found a club of his own, he constantly changed hands, and was once even allowed to become the possession of a foreigner. That, I think, is perhaps a danger that we escape. There must have been heavy hearts in York 318 SPORT when Gimcrack became the property of a Frenchman. But he was reclaimed and lived to a good old age, and so has immortalised himself. But let me draw one concluding moral. This is the 131st dinner of the Gim- crack Club. He lived 130 years ago. How many poets, how many philosophers, aye, how many statesmen, would be remembered 130 years after they had lived ? May we not draw from this fact the conclusion that the sport that we honour to-night, which we be- lieve was never better and purer than at this moment, never more honest in its followers, never pursued with greater interest for the honour, as apart from the lucre, of the Turf, may we not draw this conclusion — that this sport will not perish in our land whatever its enemies may do, and that, however festive its celebration to-night may be, a century hence our descendants will be toasting the Gimcrack Club and hailing what I hope will be a more reputable representative of the winner of the Gimcrack Stakes ? 3 l S> GOLF Lord Rosebery has not himself been swept away by what has been called the " Great Golf Stream ",• but he has, at all events, allowed himself to be publicly identified with the game. On May nth, 1897, he took part in the opening of the Edinburgh Burgess Golfing Society's Club House at Barnton, near Dal- meny. At the east entrance to the Club House he was presented with a gold key by the Captain of the Club, to which he responded by the first of these Ad- dresses. The second was delivered at the consequent Cake and Wine Banquet, when, after the toast of " The £hteen" Lord Rosebery was made an Honorary Member, and presented with a set of golf clubs. But though you may take a horse down to the water, you cannot make him drink. GOLF I When I was first asked in a cordial and pressing manner to take the leading part on this occasion, I rather thought that a trap was being laid for me, because I am so innocent of golf and all its works. I could not help dreading that the authorities of the club had determined that out of the mouth of complete innocence should come a testimony to the merits of golf, and that for that reason they had called upon one of the only Scotsmen who does not play the game to perform the ceremony. I did think that I was the only Scotsman with that unfortunate disability, but I have since learned that a great ecclesiastical authority, who lives at the very Mecca and shrine of golf itself — 1 mean St. Andrews 323 ADDRESSES and I mean Dr. Boyd — although he has lived there for so many years, is completely inno- cent of the game. I wish you had taken Dr. Boyd instead of myself to dilate on the virtues of a game of which he must have seen a great deal more than I have ; but I was re- assured by finding that I was not asked either as a golfer or as the reverse, but simply as a neighbour, to come and perform a neighbourly function in a neighbourhood which I know and which I love so well. I am sure that we of the neighbourhood, speaking to you as in- vaders of our serene quietude, can only express the most unbounded gratitude for the invasion. You have, in the first place, secured to the eyesight of the passer-by a beautiful and parklike space of land com- manding glorious views of the Forth ; you have, in the next place, raised a building of which I can say truthfully and sincerely that it is an ornament to the neighbourhood and a credit to Mr. Cameron, the architect who has had the designing of it ; and, thirdly and lastly, you have infused into us a little life. We were an excellent neighbourhood, but we 324 GOLF were a trifle dull perhaps. I think your golf links, and the railroad which accompanies it — I do not know whether it preceded or followed your golf club — have brought life into our midst, and on all those grounds I, speaking as a neighbour, as an unprejudiced neighbour, thank the golf club most heartily for setting up this pavilion in our midst. 325 II I am sincerely indebted to you for the hono- rary ticket of membership and for the set of golf clubs that you have been so good as to present to me. I should be very glad to think that the membership would cease to be honorary, and that I might be able to take my part in the amusements of the club, but I think that would require very ma- ture consideration. In the meantime, at any rate, I shall preserve the book and the clubs as the trophy and memorial of an agreeable meeting. And, even if I were unable to make use of the clubs my- self, there are two young gentlemen with whom I am connected and for whom I am responsible who, I think, would very likely take them off my hands if I neglected to make use of them. In correspondence with the secretary of the club he told me that he hoped I would make a short speech under the verandah — to which I willingly acceded 326 GOLF — but that my principal speech would be made upstairs. I rejoined that I did not propose on this occasion to make any prin- cipal speech, because it struck me as an occasion of a neighbourly, friendly, and in- formal kind, and I think I should dissipate all the charm of the meeting if I were to laboriously get up a speech on golf from one of the popular handbooks and deliver a lecture amid the covert smiles of my audience. After all, however, it is not uninteresting to know what are the impressions of the pursuit, with which you are thoroughly con- versant, when regarded from an outside point of view — and I myself, of course, am only an outsider ; but I do say one special recommendation of golf — -a recommenda- tion which will increase on me as I grow older — is that it is a game that can be pursued to an advanced period of life. In that respect it is like the royal game of tennis — the illustrious game of tennis. But then tennis is a game that has very few facilities of the courts for playing it, whereas 3 2 7 ADDRESSES golf requires very little but assisted nature for its development. I am told that the game of fives is also a game that can be practised in extreme old age, but I suspect that those who try to carry out that theory will find that the game of fives, like the highest statesmanship of Europe, requires an iron hand within a velvet glove, and I for one should be very sorry to expose my hand to the game of fives with the slightest hope of being able to write a letter for many weeks afterwards. It is, I think, a very leading advantage of the game of golf, but of course it is an advantage which has, I suppose, secured to a large extent its universal popu- larity. Scotland has once more now con- quered the world by her game of golf. There is no common in England which is so lonely or so deserted as not to expose to view two gentlemen followed by a couple of boys with a bundle of clubs. In my own neighbourhood of Surrey, where I am quite certain that golf was never heard of till ten or twelve years ago, our walks abroad are rendered almost as dangerous as the 328 GOLF facing of a battery in time of war by the enormous number of metropolitan golfers who hurry down to enjoy their favourite pursuit. That would seem almost to be a sufficient praise in itself, but I think there is a very considerable drawback, and at the risk of being torn to pieces before I leave this room I will mention what the drawback is. The other day I was speaking to an old friend of mine— tortures shall not wring his name from me, because his life would not be safe. He said, " I hear you are going to open a golf clubhouse next week. I wonder at that, because I always thought it a very dull game." My censure and criticism of golf is at the other pole to that of my friend. My dread of learning it, my dread of coming among you as an actual member is this, that it is far too engrossing and absorbing. When a man is once seriously inoculated with the love of golf he is of very little use for other pursuits of society. I know one gentleman at least of consider- able possessions and large business transactions 329 ADDRESSES who declines to open his letters on the morn- ing on which he is going to play golf for fear anything in them should distract his attention ; and a short time ago, without trenching on the strict barrier that divides us happily from politics to-day, I saw it as a charge against a distinguished statesman that he gave too much time to golf and not enough to the House of Commons. I say, then, when a man in middle life makes a deliberate choice of golf as his amusement, knowing these facts and viewing the infatua- tion of his friends, he is making a choice second only in gravity to the choice of a wife. I myself shrink, I am bound to say, without further knowledge, therefore, from becoming an actual member of your club, but for reasons I gave before I give you my most hearty good wishes for your welfare and pros- perity, and I may at least avail myself of the privilege that you have conferred on me of inviting my guests to come and take a game over the links, and if so to watch as a dis- passionate philosopher the progress of the game. I shall only gain in your esteem by 33o GOLF not making myself a golfer actually and prac- tically without a much longer and more serious consideration of the prospect that it involves. 33i INDEX INDEX Aberdeen, Lord, 184, 292 "Accompt Book of Wedder- burn, The," 273 Addington and Burns, 63 Addison, 67, 94, 157, 158 ^ischylus, 158 Africa, 191 Althorp, 153 Angelo, Michael, 258 "Antiquary, The," 91 Ariosto, 163 Arlington Street, 126 Ascham, Roger, 155 Ashburton, Lady, 313 Atholl Crescent, Mr. Gladstone and, 115 Balfour, Mr. Arthur, 173 Bannockburn, 83 Baudelaire, 92 Beaconsrield, Lord, 23, 133, 254 Bell, Mr. Fitzroy, 275 Besant, Sir Walter, 123, 126 Bicycling, 236 Bismarck, 226 Black, Adam, 143 Blackie, Professor, 141 Blackstone, 158 Blaikie, Mr., 278 Blind Harry, 78 Bolingbroke, 67, 157, 163 a bookish statesman, 153 BOOKISHNESS AND STATES- MANSHIP, 141, et seq. : Remi- niscences of the Philosophical Institution of Edinburgh, 141 ; the genius of Brougham, 144 ; Mr. Gladstone one of the most bookish statesman that ever lived, 145; Macaulay's literary avidity, 146 ; the life of the library and the life of politics, 147 ; the publicity of politics, 148; Mr. Gladstone a true lover of books, not a biblio- maniac, 149 ; his literary exports and imports, 151 ; the bookishness of Prime Minis- ters — Harley, 153; Boling- broke, 153 ; Stanhope, 153 ; Sunderland, 153 ; Walpole, 153 ; Lord Grenville, 155 ; Canning, 156 ; Melbourne, 156; Sir Robert Peel, 156; 335 INDEX Lord John Russell, 156 ; Lord Beaconsfield, 156; Lord Salis- bury, 156 ; the bookishness of other Ministers — Addison, 157 ; Burke, 157 ; Charles Fox, 157 ; Chesterfield, 160; Carteret, 160; the last two centuries presenting no real parallel to Mr. Gladstone, 164 ; Mr. Parnell the exact antipodes of Mr. Gladstone, 166 ; the true life of the poli- tician the balance of action and study, 168 ; bookishness a source of happiness to the statesman, 169 " Book of Dignities," Haydn's, 279 Boyd, Dr., 324 Braxfield, 179 Bright, John, 254 Bristol and Burke, 6 Bristol, the freemen of, 10 Brougham, Lord, 7, 143, 144, 178 Browne, Sir Thomas, 92 Browning, 92, 130 Bruce, 83 Burford Bridge, 90 Bukke,6, et seq. : his connection with Bristol, 6 ; his meagre official honours, 7 ; reasons for losing his seat at Bristol, 8 ; the manufacture of Bris- tol freemen, 10 ; his connec- tion with Chatierton, n ; secret of his character, 12 ; his views on reform, 13; his attitude towards the French Revolution, 14 ; his devotion to the call of duty, 16 ; use of his time out of office, 17 ; im- peachment of Warren Hast- ings, 17 ; his comparative failure in his lifetime, 18 ; his eventual justification, 19 ; " what shadows we are," 20 ; his enduring fame, 21 ; his burial-place, 25 ; the unsuc- cessful farmer, 25 ; his rural surroundings at Gregories, 26 ; compounding pills for the poor, 26 Burke, 50, 157 Burney, Miss, 90 Burns, Robert, 31, et seq.: his Dumfries associations, 31 ; Scotland's special debt to him, 33 ; the celebration of his death, 34 ; his last months, 36; his funeral, 39; "happy in the occasion of his death," 40 ; his last years of misery, 41 ; the best poetry produced before middle age, 44 ; his confidence in the judgment of posterity, 45 ; this confidence vindicated, 46 ; the reasons of his confidence, 47 ; his masterpiece, 47 ; his place in the roll-call of fame, 49 ; the Titans of the eighteenth cen- tury, 50 ; the secret of his fame, 51 ; " the miracle calltd 1 '.urns," 52 ; his early life, 52 ; the man far more wonderful than his works, 53 ; the mag- netism of his presence and conversation, 54; his prose, 55 ; his sympathy, 56; the charm of the home, 56 ; the universality of his poetry, 57 ; 33<> INDEX his special claim on Scots- men, 59; his inspired alchemy, 60; the patriot, 60; his rela- tions with three Prime Minis- ters, 62; "A man's a man for a' that," 63 ; the lover, 63 ; a life of work and truth and tenderness, 64 ; his love affairs, 65 ; his conviviality, 66 ; his imperfections and weaknesses a comfort and a guide to erring humanity, 68 Burns, 85, 99, 130, 158, 191; Burton, John Hill and Wallace, 81 Byerley Turk, 316 " Byeways of Scottish History, The," 277 Byron, 130 Cade, Jack, 130 Caesar, 84 Cameron, Mr., 324 Canada, 295 Canning, a bookish statesman, 156 Canning, 283 Carlyle, 143 Carlton Terrace, 126 Carteret, 160 Catherine II. of Russia, 75 Cavour, 84, 226 Chalmers, Dr., Mr. Gladstone and, 115 Chatterton, 11, 35 Chaucer, 92 Chesterfield, 160, 162 Chevening, 153 Churchill, Lord Randolph, and the Vote of Credit in 1885, 251 33 Civil Servants, our, 207, et seq. : the two classes of offi- cials, 208 ; those who make speeches and those who inter- pret them, 209; a concrete example, 210 ; a Civil Service strike, 211 ; the Vice-Presi- dent of the Council, 214 ; the relations between the transient heads of office and their per- manent occupants, 216 Civil Service, the, 192 Clarendon, 157 Clark, Mr., and Burns, 43 Clerihugh's, 180 Cobden, 254 Cockburn, Lord, 177 "Memorials of his Time," 180 Cockpit, the, 125 Colonsay, Lord, 141 Colville, Mr. Henry, 277 Commons, House of, Lord Rosebery and, 301 Comyns, the, 78 Congreve, 93, 158 " Coningsby," 156 " Cottar's Saturday Night," 44 Cowper, 158 Crabbe and Burke, 26 Cromarty, Lord, and Burns, 59 Cruger and Burke, 9 Culloden, 278 Cunningham, Mr., and Burns, Curzon, Lord, of Kedlcston, 296 Dalgetty, Capt. Dugald, 159 Dalmeny, 144 Dante, 144, 163 Darien Scheme, the, 281 7 V INDEX Defoe, 92 Derby, the, 310 Dialectic Society, 177 " Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," 94 Dumfries and Burns, 31 Dunbar, 86 Duncan, Dr. Matthews, 142 Dundas. 18, 58, 185 Dunlop, Mrs., and Burns, 42 Duty of Public Service, the, 173, et seq. : The Asso- ciated Societies of the Uni- versity of Edinburgh, 176; Edinburgh in 1787, 177 ; the inevitable disappearance of true originality, 178 ; the new Edinburgh and the old, 180; Edinburgh, the assiduous mother and foster mother of the builders of the Empire, 185 ; the British Empire rests on men, 186; the call to ser- vice an increasing one, 186 ; the claims of Parliamentary life, 187 ; the London County Council, 188 ; the Munici- palities, 188; County Coun- cils, District Councils, and Parish Councils, 189; the Government Departments, 189 ; British administration abroad, 191 ; the Diplomatic and Consular Services, 192 ; the Civil Service, 192; a general staff of the Empire, 193 ; the drain on the Trea- sury, 194; official duty only a very small part of public duty, 195 ; public spirit in the country never higher, 196 ; " What can I do, in however small a way, to serve my country?" 198; vigilance in public affairs the irreducible minimum of public service, 199 ; the basis of Empire, 200 " Dynamiter, The," 95 Edinburgh, 180 ; its statues, 100 ; the Associated Societies of the University of, 176 ; an Imperial city, 203. Edinburgh Review, the, 177 Elgin, Lord, 184 Elliot, Hugh, 295 Empire, the British, 186 " Endymion," 90 English-Speaking Brother- hood, the, 261, et seq. : All territorial expansion justified by those who make it, 262 ; the adjective "Anglo-Saxon," 263 ; what constitutes race and nationality, 264 ; Ameri- can independence, 264 ; his- tory justifies its wisdom and expediency, 265 ; indepen- dence cements the racial bond, 266; the colonial de- velopment of European States, and its effect on Great Britain, 266 ; the partition of the world — and afterwards, 267 ; the next great war — for trade and not for territory, 268 ; the New World and the Old, 269 Erskine, Sir Thomas, and Burke, 18 Eskgrovc, 179 ETON, 287, ct set/. : A brilliant gathering, 287; Eton terri- 33S INDEX tory, 289 ; dim and distant associations, 290 ; its playing fields, 291 ; its Imperial re- cord, 292 ; the new Bishop of Calcutta, 293; the new Gov- ernor-General of Canada, 294 ; the new Viceroy of India, 295 ; " When shall we three meet again ? " 297 Eton, 150, 153 Euripides, 158 Falkirk, battle of, 77 Farrer, Lord, 213 Ferguson, 99 Fielding, 8, 158 Fives, 326 Fletcher of Saltoun, and Burns, 59 Flodden, 86 Florizel, Prince of Bohemia, 95 Football, 236 Fordun, 76 Fox, Chas. James, 16, 25, 50, 66. 93. I 57. J 68, 249, 250 Fox, Henry, 154 Francis, Sir Philip, and Burke, 14 Frederick the Great, 168, 295 Free libraries, 235 French Revolution, the, 14, 20 Burns and, 62 George III., 265 Gibbon, 158 Gibson-Craig, Sir William, 142 Gimcrack Club, the, 307, 317 Gladstone, 105, et seq. : His place in history, 105 ; his in- tellect and character, 106 ; his power of concentration, 107 ; the variety and multiplicity of his interests, 107 ; the univer- sality and humanity of his sympathy, 108 ; the depth of his Christian faith, no ; his admiration of "manhood," no; the four years of retire- ment before his death, in ; the solitary and pathetic figure of Mrs. Gladstone, 112 ; an animating and in- spiring example, 114 ; his connection with Edinburgh, 115 ; the first Midlothian campaign, 116; a matchless individuality, 118 Various references, 24, 156, 163, 164, 250 President of the Philoso- phical Institution of Edin- burgh, 143 ; the bookish statesman, 144-145 ; Mid- lothian campaign, 254 Gladstone, Mrs., 113 " Globe," the, 68 Goethe, 50, 68 Goldsmith, Oliver, 36 Golf, 323, et seq. : The excep- tions proving the rule that all Scotsmen golf, 323 ; its ad- vantages, 327 ; its popularity, 328 ; the dangers of inocula- tion, 329 Gordon, Mr., 142 Gordon, the Duchess of, and Burns, 54 Granville, Lord, 287 Gray, 57 Gregories, 25 Gregory's powders. Dr., 32 Grenville, Lord, 161 a bookish statesman, 155 Grub Street, 131 339 INDEX Hailes, Lord, and Henry II. ,8i Hamilton, Single-speech, 258 Hamilton, Lady, 90 Hamilton, Sir Edward, 212 Happy Town Councillor, the, 301, et seq. : Municipal and Parliamentary life com- pared, 301 ; the career of a member of the House of Commons, 302 ; the life of a town councillor, 303 Harley, a bookish statesman, 153 Harrison, Mr. George, 142 Harvey, Sir George, 142, 275 Hastings, Warren, and Burke, Hatfield, 156 Hawes Inn, Queensferry, 90 Hawthorne, 92 Haydn's " Book of Dignities," 279 Ha2litt, 92 Hermand, 179 Hicks-Beach, Sir Michael, 303 Highland Mary, 65 Homer, 144, 157, 161, 165 Houghton, 154 Houghton, Lord, 313 India, 134, 191, 294 Ireland, 190 James II., 159, 277 Jeffrey, Lord, 177, 178, 181 Jenkinson, Colonel, and Burns, 62 Jockey Club, 308 Johnson, 124, 162 "Jolly Beggars," 45,47 Jonson, Bon, 68 Judgment, the Quality of — see Quality of Judgment, the, 221, et seq. Kandahar, 134 Keats, 90, 92 " Kidnapped," 91 Kitchener, Lord, 294 Ladas, 310 Lagado, Academy of, 63 Lamb, 92 Lewis, Sir George Cornewall, 146 Libraries, the Work of Public — see Work of Pub- lic Libraries, the, 235, et seq. London, 123, et seq. : Sir Walter Besant's contribution to London and its literature, 124 ; the historic associations of its streets, 124 ; the Cock- pit, 125 ; where Governments are formed, 126 ; the identity of its historic houses, 127 ; proportionately more beautiful formerly, 128; the legend of Whittington, 128 ; the step- mother of literature, 129 ; a great and neglected problem, 132 ; the key of the British Empire, 134 London County Council, 127, 188 Long John, 97 Lonsdale, Lord, 317 Lords, House of, yj, 187 Lowther, Mr. James, 308 Lundin, Sir Richard, 80 Lulher, 84 34° INDEX Macaulay, 143, 146; and the Philosophical Institution of Edinburgh, 144; his influence as a Parliamentary speaker, 253 "Macbeth," 297 Mannering, Col., 180 Mar, Lord, and Burns, 57 Marie Antoinette, 14 Marlborough, the Duke of, 255 Massinger, 158 Masson, Professor, 61 and the University of Edin- burgh, 175 " Master of Ballantrae," the, 96 M'Ewan, Mr., 173 Melbourne, a bookish states- man, 156 " Memoirs of a Highand Lady," 181 " Memorials of John Murray of Broughton, The," 274 Mercat Cross, Mr. Gladstone and the, 118 " Mermaid," the, 68 Metastasio, 158 Midlothian Campaign of 1879, 254 Millet, 35 Milner, Sir Alfred, 213 Milton, 155, 158 Minto, Lord, 184, 294 Mirabeau, 84 Moir, Dr., Blind Harry and, 79 Montaigne, 92 " Montreuil Correspondence," 273 More, Hannah, 150 Morley, Mr. John, and Burke, 5 Morris, 92 Mowatt, Sir Francis, 212 Mozart, 50 Municipal Service — see Happy Town Councillor, the, 287, et seq. " Murray of Broughton, Memo- riaL of," 274 Musgrave, Sir Christopher, and Burns, 59 "Mysteries of Paris, The," 94 Napoleon, 50, 75, 168 Nelson, 50, 90 Nelson, Mr. Thomas, 230 " New Arabian Nights," the, 94 Newton, 179 North, Christopher, 143 Oberman, 92 Ockerby, Mr., 279 Oratory, Parliamentary— see Parliamentary Ora- tory, 247, et seq. Palmerston, Lord, 156 Parliamentary Oratory, 247, et seq. •. The advantages and perils of the written speech, 248 ; the speeches of Pitt and Fox, 249 ; speeches which influenced votes — Mr. Glad- stone, 251 ; a Liberal Peer, 252 ; Lord Macaulay, 253 ; Mr. Cobden, the most ef- fective orator of his time, 254 ; the Midlothian campaign, 254 ; the effect of oratory in the United States, 255 ; the motive determines the value of Parliamentary eloqut nee, 255 ; a means to an end, 256 ; 341 INDEX "Single-speech Hamilton," 258 Parnell, his distaste for books and learning, 166, 169 Patriotism, exaggerated, 75 Paul, Mr. Herbert, lecture on " Parliamentary Oratory," 247 Peel, Sir Robert, 156 People's Palace, 124 Pew, 97 Pitt, 18, 50, 54, 62, 68, 93, 112, 168, 190, 249 Pope, 158 Porteous mob, the, 281 Primrose, Mr. Bouverie, 142 Public Libraries, the Work of— see Work of Public Libraries, the, 235, el seq. Public Service, the Duty of — see Duty of Public Service, the, 173, el seq. Pulteney, 159 Punch, 309 Quality of Judgment, the, 221, el seq. -. A rare quality, 224 ; the newspaper view the view of the moment, 225 ; Cavour and Bismarck, 226 ; judgment obtained by inter- course with one's fellow men and by reading, 227 ; news- papers and books, 228 ; the free library an inexhaustible boon, 230 Quarter Sessions, 187 Queensberry, the Duke of, 61 Racing, 307 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 258 Riddell, Mrs., and Burns, 37, 41. 43 Roberts, Lord, 294 Robertson, Principal, and Burns, 55 " Robinson Crusoe," 97 Roman Catholic Emancipation, 20 Roumania, Queen of, 59 Ruskin, 92 Russell, Lord John, 156 St. Andrews, 323 St. Deiniol and Mr. Gladstone, 15° St. James's Square, 124 Salisbury, Lord, 156 and Mr. Gladstone, 106 Salisbury, Lady, and Mr. Glad- stone, 109 Samoa, 101 Sanderson, Sir Thomas, 210 Sarpedon, 161 Savage, 124 Schiller, 50 "Scots Brigade, The Papers relating to the," 273 Scott, Sir Walter, 91, 130, 181, 195. 274 Scottish History, 273,