fil-E Community Survey 8 3 ; 6! fi Made in Los Angeles City Commission of; Immigration and Housing of California Underwood Building, 525 Market Street San Francisco, Cal. A Community Survey Made in Los Angeles City 44110 Commission of Immigration and Housing of California Underwood Building, 525 Market Street San Francisco, Cal. PERSONNEL OF THE COMMISSION. Commissioners. SIMON J. LUBIN, President Sacramento MOST REV. E. J. HANNA, D.D., Vice President San Francisco MRS. FRANK A. GIBSON Los Angeles J. H. McBRIDE, M.D Pasadena PAUL SCHARRENBERG, Secretary San Francisco GEORGE L. BELL, Attorney and Executive Officer. Offices of the Commission. MAIN OFFICE: Underwood Building, 525 Market Street, San Francisco BRANCH OFFICES : 526 Union League Building, Second and Hill Streets, Los Angeles. Rowell Building, Fresno. 419 Forum Building, Sacramento. Council Chamber, City Hall, Stockton. Publications of the Commission of Immigration and Housing of California. 1. Americanization The California Program. 2. Immigrant Education Leaflets, Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4. 3. The Spirit of the Nation (Song Book). 4. Patriotic Exercises (A Program). 5. The Home Teacher Manual. 6. A Discussion of Methods of Teaching English. 7. A Primer for Foreign-speaking Women. Parts I and II. 8. An A-B-C of Housing. 9. A Plan for a Housing Survey. 10. State Housing Manual. 11. Camp Sanitation and Housing. 12. Suggestions for Speakers. ' 13. Heroes of Freedom. 14. Fresno's Immigration Problem. These publications may be had free on application to the Commission. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page HISTORY OP THE SURVEY 5 QUESTIONNAIRES USED IN SURVEY 7 DISTRICTS FOR SURVEY 12 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ELEVEN FOREIGN DISTRICTS 14 LINCOLN HIGH SCHOOL SURVEY - 15 REPORTS: Director of Nursing Bureau 17 County Charities 18 Police Department 19 Probation Department of Juvenile Court " 20 Bureau of Housing Commission of the Health Department 21 Health Department of the Public Schools 22 Department of Compulsory Education and Child Welfare of the Public Schools 22 Assistant Superintendents of Los Angeles City Schools 23 Chamber of Commerce 23 The Library 24 Settlements and Day Nurseries 26 Missions 27 Playgrounds 28 Commercialized Recreation 30 Co-operation of Social Agencies During Influenza Epidemic 31 RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE DISTRICTS 35 FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS 36 TABLES BASED ON STATISTICS COMPILED FROM THE QUESTION- NAIRES FILLED IN BY THE SCHOOL TEACHERS 37 244110 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. To His Excellency, WILLIAM D. STEPHENS, Governor of California. SIR: The following report is a compilation of a community survey of Los Angeles. The State Commission of Immigration and Housing was only one of many organizations that co-operated to do the work; and its principal contribution to the effort has been the tabulation and publication of the material. The report is valuable not as a piece of original research, but as a splendid beginning toward united effort in the solution of community problems. Moreover, it shows to the nonprofessional worker the various agencies and the fields they cover in Los Angeles. Such frank discussion should be of service locally and in other cities, in producing greater confidence and renewed support for those who are directly in the field carrying out the wishes of all the members of the community. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING OF CALIFORNIA. HISTORY OF THE SURVEY. One of the meetings of the California Library Association, held in Hollywood, June, 1917, was devoted to a discussion of ways and means to reach the foreign born. This discussion suggested to the librarian of the city of Los Angeles that the library could increase its influence by associating itself with all the other agencies in the city. It made its first connection with the public school. A committee was appointed, representing the public library, the public schools and the State Commission of Immigration and Housing, and other important agencies which come in direct contact with the foreigner, and this committee decided that the most important contri- bution it could make would be a study of the neighborhoods in which the foreigner lived. The committee agreed that the best way to make such a study was to invite the aid of all the social workers in the city, believing that the knowledge gained in this way would be immediately put to use, as can not be the case when the work is done through an outside agency. The head of the children's department of the library was made chairman of the committee. It seemed logical to reach the social workers through their organization, "The Social Service Association," but it was never possible to get a committee meeting. Failing in that attempt, letters were sent to the city departments of charity, health, housing, probation, police; to the schools, recreation centers, branch libraries, playgrounds; to the Allies Committee, Parent-Teachers' Fed- eration, settlements, missions, clergymen, day nurseries, the Y. W. C. A., clinics and individuals interested in social work. As far as is known this is the first attempt in the United States at a co-operative piece of work by all the social agencies. Had there never been a report of the findings of the survey and but for the tenacity of one of the staff of the Commission of Immigration and Housing and the chairman of the committee, there would never have been just the making of it was of tremendous value. There was the arousing to the danger of becoming warped in a devotion to one part of social service; there was the enlarged vision, the sympathy and inspirational glimpse of the wonders which could be accomplished in a co-operation of big-minded people working toward the same end the progress of the world. As is shown in the history of every movement which involves the concerted action of many people, there are those who do not have the big vision ; those who are apathetic, those who are too weary when appointed tasks are done and those who are working for pay in the 6 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. vain belief that working is a means to living instead of the amazing verity that working is living. However, the heads of all the departments closely in touch with the foreign population responded wonderfully. Special meetings were held with their staffs at which representatives of the Commission of Immigration and Housing or the library spoke. There were meetings to which nobody came. The notices had all been typed and sent out. The speakers had been asked to come. Every preparation had been made. That was only one of many discouraging things that happened. But the dauntless ones worked on. They knew there would be meetings to which every worker in the district would come; and there were meetings which were satisfying in that they swept away discouragement, the feeling that the department was doing so little, and inspirational in that they afforded glimpses of what could be accomplished by combined effort. On one of these occasions the heads of two city departments were introduced to each other ! These workers had crossed and recrossed each other's paths, but in the swirl of "so much to do" and "so little time to do it in" they had never met. Four aims were to be achieved by this co-operative effort. (1) To discover the social conditions in the district and decide what was needed. (2) To pool the knowledge of all the workers, much of which had been delved from original sources, so that it would not be necessary for those following to go over the same difficult ground. (3) To discover where greater service could be rendered and the best places for expansion. (4) To make a nationality map. The promoters .of the survey were firm in the belief that if such a group would determine the needs of the district, and then unite to meet those needs, they could demand anything and get it. The library agreed to make the nationality map. It is now finished and is a splendid graphic representation of the population in the dis- trict. The Commission of Immigration and Housing agreed to make the tabulations, analyze the figures, write the report and print it. The portion of the city to be covered by the survey was divided into eleven districts with an attempt to make the districts homogeneous as to residents. It was finally decided to use school boundaries although the arbitrary districts for purposes of this survey included several school districts. The history of the survey is the history of an incredible amount of work, a voluminous correspondence, an amazing number of visits and COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 7 interviews, days of tabulation and innumerable telephone calls. More than 150 people attended executive meetings, and at least 200 teachers worked in filling out the questionnaires, so that the completed survey was a co-operative effort representing more than 350 persons. For the first time in the history of Los Angeles, school teachers were classed as social workers. This is epochal, for it marks the passing of the Medieval Age idea of education, actualized in the academic school. The following questionnaires, arranged by a committee appointed for that purpose, were used in the survey. They were constructed in collaboration with the agencies and aimed to discover the information each particular agency could best extract. Agencies that should be consulted in every neighborhood. 1. Charities visitor. 2. City nurse. 3. School nurse. 4. Housing inspector. 5. Probation officer. 6. Missions. 7. Priests ministers. S. School (principal, interested teacher). Public. Parochial. 9. Playground. 10. Libraries. 11. Day nurseries. 12. (a) Superintendent of factories. (b) Foremen of railroad camps. (c) Employers of numbers of foreigners. 13. Settlements and clinics. 14. Consuls. 15. Editors. 16. Police. II. Name of industry Address Number employed Foreign boru Native born. Men Women Number of employes who do not speak English Do employes live in vicinity of industry? Wages: Maximum Minimum Average- Is work seasonal? If so, what is the season? Number employed at height of season In dull season. TIow many unskilled workers wanted at present? 3 M110 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. * Address How many adults? Children? One family dwelling Multiple dwelling, tenement, or rooming house How many families or single men Own or rent home Number of rooms of occupants Nationality Colored How long in America Naturalized Occupation Present employment Regularly employed Night school experience Present past Read Write Use public library Books desired Native English Musical possibilities Vocal Instruments Favorite recreation Adults Children Recreational opportunities Attend foreign clubs or churches Remarks NOTE. It is not supposed that any person will use the above form in the presence of the one interviewed. It is hoped, however, that after conversation with the person sufficient information shall have been gained to answer most of the questions. The above questionnaire proved full of difficulties and a better form 1ms be>-n pre- pared as a result of this experience. IV. Housing Inspectors. What information have you easily available in your records on the following subjects : Total number of rooming houses in this district (a) For single men or women (&) For families Total number of tenements Total number of violations of tenement house laws during 1917 Number of violations in houses Owned by Llvi-.i Foreign born Native born _ For all cases where there is no child of school age in the family could you fill out the enclosed questionnaire? V. Police Officers. Arrests in District in I'.'ir. Nationality. Charee. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. VI. Probation Officers. What information have you easily available in your records on the following subjects : 1. Number of delinquent and dependent children in the district under considera- tion during 1917. 2. Number of delinquents and dependents not of school age. 3. Could you fill out the enclosed questionnaire for the families where there is no child of school age? 4. Make a list of the amusements in the district, giving the following information about each : () Location. (6) Class commercial. public, (c) Patronage adults. children, (rf) Character wholesome. detrimental. (e) Is the number adequate to the total population? What suggestions can. be made? VII. County Charity Visitors. What information have you easily available in your records on the following subects : 1. Total number of active cases in the district under consideration during 1917. 2. Number of families in which there is no child of school age. 3. Could you fill out the enclosed questionnaire for the families where there is no child of school age? 4. Make a list of the industries in the district giving the following information about each : Number employed men women Number of foreign born Is work seasonal? If so. what is the season? Do employes live in vicinity of industry? If not. at what industries do the residents of the district work? Wages: Maximum Minimum Average ~>. Could you estimate the per cent of men in the district who are unemployed? Skilled Unskilled . What per cent of those are unemployable? VIII. City Nurses. What information have you easily available in your records on the following subjects : 1. Number of individual cases during 1917. 2. Number in which there is no child of school age in family. 3. Could you fill out the enclosed questionnaire for the families where there is no child of school age? 4. What per cent of all cases are foreign born? 10 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. 5. Number of cases in which illness is caused by the following (a) Ignorance of mother (6) Wage earning mother (c) Malnutrition (d) Unsanitary living conditions (c) Contagion or infection IX. Playgrounds. Name Location Total attendance 1917 _ Nationality and number Activities and number participating Number of school children Clubs for boys over 14 Clubs for girls over 14 Evening parties Sunday activities and number participating Swimming Special holiday celebrations Music : 1. Orchestra 2. Community singing Make list of the amusements in the district, giving the following information about each : (a) Location. (Z>) Class commercial public (c) Patronage adults children (d) Character wholesome detrimental (e) Is the number adequate to the total population? What suggestions can be made? X. Day Nurseries. 1. What information have you easily available in your records on the following subjects : Total number individual children Nationality COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 11 Occupation of mothers Kate per child -. What are the restrictions, if any, as to race or nationality? 3. Could you fill out the enclosed questionnaire for families where there is no child of school age? XI. Settlements. Please make a list of all your activities, giving the total attendance, average attendance at clubs, classes, etc., and the nationalities represented. XII. Churches and Missions. Name of mission Auspices Address - 1. Relief: Activities. Food Clothes Money 2. Social : Recreation Gymnasium Games Entertainments Visiting in neighborhood 3. Educational : () Bible classes (6) English (c) Sewing (d) Cooking (c) (g) 4. Religious services : (o) (b) (c) - ]2 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. Districts for Survey. No. 1. West : Lake Shore avenue. North : Park Terrace. East : Cleveland, Adobe, Hill and Sunset boulevard. South : Third to Figueroa, Temple to Main. Schools : Temple. Fremont. Alpine. California. Central Intermediate. No. 2. North : Including Palo Verde in Elysian Park. West : Cleveland, Adobe and Hill. East : River to Humboldt street. South : North Main and Alhambra. Schools : Castelar. Palo Verde. Ann. No. 3. West : River. North : Humboldt avenue. East : Avenue 22 to Broadway, Broadway to Grillin. South : Alhambra avenue. Schools : Pasadena. Griffin. Albion. No. 4. North : Mission road, Pomeroy and Wabash avenue. East : City limits. South : Brooklyn avenue. Schools : Cornwell. Bridge. No. 5. West : River. North : Brooklyn avenue. East : St. Louis. South : Fourth street. Schools : Utah. Second. No. 6. West : St. Louis street. North : Brooklyn avenue. East : City Limits and Belvedere. South : Fourth street. Schools : Belvedere. First. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION* AND HOUSING. 13 No. 7. Wrst : Riv.-r. North : Fourth street. East : Ezra to Hollenbeck, to Rosalind. South : Ninth street. Schools : Euclid. Boy It- Heights. I Fostetter. No. S. West : San Pedro street. North : Sixth street. East: River. South : Ninth. Schools : Seventh. Ninth. No. 0. West : t.Vntral. North : Ninth street. East : River. South : Exposition Boulevard and City Limits. Schools : Santa Fe. Summon. No. 10. West : Main. North : First. East : River. South : Sixth. Schools : Boyd. Hewitt. No. 11. Wfsr : Main. North : Alhambra road. East: River. South : Fir.-;t. Schools : Amelia. Mucy. No. 12. *San Pedro Town. *The twelfth district was so remote that it had t'o be given up. 14 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS AXGELKS. OUTSTANDING CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH OF THE ELEVEN FOREIGN DISTRICTS. District No. 1. Including Temple, Fremont, Alpine and California streets schools. In the first district are to be found many small tradesmen and a changing, shifting population. There are great numbers of the poorer class of Jews. District No. 2. Including Castelar, Palo Verde and Ann streets schools. In the second district there are principally Mexicans and Italians. The Palo Verde neighborhood is entirely isolated by hills from the rest of the city. Here, after a summer of primitive freedom, the children's minds have to be reclaimed from the desert waste to at least a sluggish interest in education. In the Ann street district, situated among the tracks, there is poverty and the resulting disease to be expected among the Mexicans and Italians. A survey has been made of this district by the students of the University of Southern California. District No. 3. Including Pasadena avenue, Griffin and Albion streets schools. There are many Italians and the poorer class of Americans who work in the car shops to be found in this neighborhood. Here it is that the Lincoln High School has made an industrial and social survey, which includes this locality. District No. 4. Including Cornwell and Bridge streets schools. There are many nationalities here, the outstanding one being the Russian Jews, who are rapidty buying their homes and crowding out the Americans. District No. 5. Including Utah and Second streets schools. This seems to be almost the heart of the foreign districts. Again there are to be found a dozen or more nationalities, among them an Armenian colony, whose children go to the Second street school. The Russians and Mexicans are to be found at Utah street. District No. 6. Including Belvedere and First streets schools. In Belvedere we find principally Mexicans who live in miserable quarters. At East First street are many negroes and Russian Jews. District No. 7. Including Euclid avenue, Boyle Heights Intermediate and Hostetter street schools. This district has two isolated foreign colonies. In the one live Mexicans who own their own homes, but who live very much to them- COMMISSION OP IMMIGRATION AXD HOUSING. 15 selves and where no English is heard except in the schoolroom. In the other section, down in the hollow, live a hundred or so Russian Molokans where, because of religious convictions, it is difficult to penetrate. District Xo. 8. Including Seventh and Ninth streets schools. This is niie of the most difficult districts from the standpoint of the social worker in all Los Angeles. It contains every nationality, the Mexicans and Italians predominating, and has the added complication of large numbers of Americans of the low r est class economically, as well as a great many negroes. District Xo. 9. Including Santa Fe avenue and Staunton street schools. There are many negroes to be found, in addition to Mexicans and Italians. Districts Xos. 10 and 11. Including Boyd, Hewitt, Amelia and Macy streets schools. This is the most cosmopolitan district of Los Angeles. There are very few Americans. At one time in the Macy street school there was not a single child of American parentage. All the evils of a foreign quarter characterize this part of the city. It includes Chinatown with the usual vices of that nationality. It includes the largest Japanese colony, and everywhere there is bad housing, frightful overcrowding, congestion of peoples in houses and of houses on lots. Nothing except the social agencies, including the schools, bring any American influence to this neighborhood. Except for them, we show these people Americanization at its very worst. LINCOLN HIGH SCHOOL SURVEY. The sociology classes at Lincoln High School made in 1916 a survey of almost identically the same district covered by this Community Survey. Had there been a close co-operation, the duplication of work need not have occurred. Summary. 1. Churches 46 2. Clubs and organizations 105 3. Historical places 26 4. Hospitals 10 H. Industries (employ 50 or more) 72 <>. Libraries (city, school, private) 14 7. Miscellaneous (ostrich farm, post office, etc.) ]H N. Nationalities 17 0. Parks 7 10. Penal institutions ."> 11. Playgrounds 7 12. Publications 8 13. Schools 54 Day 42 Night 12 14. Social agencies 58 444110 16 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS AXGKLES. Recommendations. 1. Improvement of transportation. 2. Industrial high school needed. 3. Field worker needed. Since the people of the district are of moderate means and more than one-half of foreign birth, there should be organized in the school a close "wake up" and "follow up" system. One teacher should devote at least part of her time to field work : of directing toward the school those ready to enter; following up the pupils who leave school and encouraging them economically and educationally bring about a closer co-opera- tion between school and social agencies. 4. Continuation of Community Nights. 5. Closer co-operation between high school and industries friendly . but as far as possible scientific. Of the 46 churches, 6 hold services in a foreign language : Buddhist. Russian, German Baptist, Japanese, Mexican. Of the 105 organizations, the following 25 are for foreigners : 1. Chinese Citizens' Club. 2. Italian-American. 3. Italian Club. 4. Bing Kong Tong (Chinese Free Masons). 5. Chee Kung Hong (Chinese Free Masons). 6. Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. 7. Council of Jewish Women. 8. Gee Hona Association. 9. Hop Sing Benevolent. 10. Japanese Association of Southern California. 11. Japanese Business Men's Association. 12. Japanese Federal Agricultural Association. 13. Mu Pung Fong Association. 14. Wai Leung Association (Chinese Chamber of Commerce). Benevolent and Social Bodies. 1. Armenian. a. Y. M. C. A. 6. Y. W. C. A. 2. Children's Home Society. 3. Christian Mission and Industrial Association. 4. Italian Mutual Benefit Association. 5. Japanese Mutual Benefit Association. 6. Juvenile Protective Association. 7. Los Angeles County Pioneer Society. 8. Servian United Benevolent Society. 9. W. C. T. U. 10. Y. M. C. A. Athletic Field and Club House. 11 Y. W. Ai Kai (Japanese Y. W. C. A.). REPORTS. As the survey consists of the reports of the various departments with their recommendations they are presented as turned in. exr-ept where they had to be cut for the sake of brevity. Owing to the fact that every social agency has its own peculiar system of districting the city, it was difficult to obtain data which belonged to the arbitrary districts made for the purposes of this survey. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 17 The following report was furnished by Director of Nursing Bureau, Los Angeles City Health Department: - Ktiicts of survey * I Xuinlx'i- families with no school children Foreign born Illness, ignor- ance of mother Wage earning mother .. Malnutrition :? = * Infection or i i.iitiiiiinn '. K I 2 " mif n I Xeeding mill;-- Districts IV and VI - No. 2 77 10 22 3 8 21 8 10 35 23 Districts X and XI No. 3 75 15 35 10 20 18 20 20 25 District V No. 4 58 13 19 4 1 41 34 4 28 Districts V and VII No 5 79 13 25 6 10 38 41 18 District VIII No. 6 117 26 30 6 1 20 21 57 50 50 Districts VII and VIII No. 7 148 42 25 17 1 1 20 30 10 District VIII No. 8 108 20 30 14 3 16 50 18 28 District IX - -- No. 10 103 29 26 11 13 10 10 53 24 10 Districts I and II - -- No. 14 174 12 75 4 2 a 4 105 40 25 Districts II and III No. 16 147 20 70 48 24 33 16 26 25 1,068 200 357 148 56 117 145 343 337 242 *The above figures represent the number of active cases on file October 23, 1917. IU-triets of survey Districts of nurses Maternity and welfare cases. _ Number families with no school children Foreign born Illness, ignor- ance of mother. Wage earning mother .. Malnutrition m ~; Infection and oontasrion Needing dental work Needing milk- Districts II and III _ A 152 53 15 10 2 ft 6 6 ,0 37 Districts IV and XI B 150 20 12 12 4 3 3 3 6 6 Districts V. VI VII O 189 19 6 17 24 9 28 5 Districts VII VIII IX -- D 156 39 15 50 10 30 7 30 District IX E 209 16 11 26 4 11 1 4 8 12 Districts I and II _ F 197 70 13 17 5 25 10 10 5 37 District VIII . G 52 3 5 12 3 25 7 5 35 General eas?s 213 200 77 357 144 148 52 56 cx> CT> 117 73 145 30 343 41 337 162 242 Total illnesses -- -- 413 434 292 108 203 218 373 378 404 1,194 In studying these figures it is necessary to take into consideration the fact that the maternity and infant welfare nurses have very few sick patients, most of their work being with well babies and their maternity cases. This report reveals that the 1,194 cases of illness reported are due to two fundamental causes: ignorance and poverty. Cause. Ignorance of mother _____________________________________________ Ignorance Wage-earning mother ____________________________________________ Poverty Malnutrition.. > prance | Poverty Insanitary living condition Ignorance p U - Heredity Needing dental work -------------------------------------------- Poverty Needing milk __________________________________________________ Poverty .18 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. The ignorance being the cause of the poverty and the poverty being the cause of the ignorance. Of course a sodden, ignorant laborer isn't worth much. He and his family are only a burden to the community. But until the time comes when he has living hours and a living wage, he will never be worth more. Summary of Needs. Dental clinic in 11 districts. Milk in 6 districts. Enforced employment in 6 districts. Loan closet in 3 districts. Court of domestic relations similar to the one in Chicago in 3 districts. Baths in 3 districts. Tubercular sanitarium, light work for convalescent men, better housing, general clinic, day nursery, and toothbrushes in one district, each. The following report was furnished by the County Charities : Number cases In March, 1918. Districts 2 and 11 119 District 3 19 District 4 9 District 5 14 District 6 21 District 7 21 Districts 8, 10, .11 132 District 9 103 Districts 10, 8 108 Districts 11, 8, 10 132 678 A total of 678 cases in one month seems appalling. Perhaps the solution lies in "work suited to the strength and ability of the worker, hours that do not leave the worker too exhausted to enjoy play, then a place for recreation of a clean and wholesome sort ; all this accompanied by a wage that allows decent living, a little saving, and a hope and ambition for the future."* In every report the difference in districting makes it impossible to get accurate information for the districts of this survey. The Charities have just completed a new system, commencing Monday, December 2, 1918. What a forward step it would have been if all the agencies could have adjusted the "peculiar features" of their problems and agreed upon a uniform system. *Report of Chairman of Industrial and Social Conditions, C. F. W. C. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 19 The following report was furnished by the Police Department: Nativity of Foreigners Arrested From December 1, 1917, to December 1, 1918, Los Angeles Police Department. Alaskan 4 Italian 979 Argentina 6 Japanese 943 Armenian _ 187 Jewish 701 Austrian 377 Korean _ 14 Australian 32 Mexican _ 3,798 Assyrian 6 Montenegrin 7 Belgian 40 Negro 1,793 Bavarian 2 Norwegian 239 Bohemian _ 58 New Zealander 1 Bulgarian 6 Polander 68 Brazilian 4 Peruvian 3 Canadian 852 Persian 3 < 'hinese 640 Philippine 12 Chilian 13 Porto Rico 2 Cuban 6 Portuguese 34 Creole 2 Russian 917 Dutch 98 Roumanian 42 Danish __ 200 Scotch S78 Englishmen 937 Scotch Irish 54 Finlander 183 Spanish _ _ 293 French 357 Scandinavian 6 German 1,171 Servian 56 (Jreek 217 Syrian 56 Guatemalan 2 Slavonian 19 Hindoo 4 Swedish 622 Hungarian 90 Switzerland 100 Hawaiian 14 Turkish 31 Indian 51 T'kranian 1 Irish 1,904 Welsh 46 Mixed nationalities - 55 Total - 18.732 The eleven highest in number of offenses: Native white 31.523 Mexican 3,798 Irish 1,904 Negro 1,793 (ierman 1,171 Italian 979 Japanese 943 English 937 Russian 917 ( 'anadian 852 Chinese 640 The population of the city of Los Angeles, City Directory estimate 1918. is 607.587. 20 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. The foreign population as estimated in 1915 is 148,750. The total number of arrests in the city from July, 1917. to July, 1918, was Men 47,3>1 Women 2,804 50,25". From these figures it appears that 6.8 per cent of the native white population have been transgressors of the law and 12.5 per cent of the foreigners. Data based on these figures can, of course, be only suggestive. When we consider the handicaps of the foreigner, the comparison is not so greatly to his disadvantage. The following report was furnished by the probation department of the Juvenile Court. For the year ending December 31, 1917 : District. Boys. fitrU. 1 30 11 2 21 3 8 2 4 4 4 5 25 6 G 9 7 5 4 8 30 13 9 38 12 10 2 9 11 14 6 Totals ISO 67 Totals 253 20.5 per c Totnls in countv . 897 333 1,232 Taken from the Annual Report of 1917: "Percentage of foreign children, and children born of foreign-born parents (approximately) 30 per cent." "As it now stands, what is known as the Juvenile Court is also the court of practically all domestic relations except divorce and estates. All civil as well as criminal litigation, wherein the custody or rights or wrongs of children are involved, is confined to what is popularly called the Juvenile Court." ( (M.M1IOX OF IMMIGRATION AM) HOUSING. 21 It is interesting to note that in Districts 3, 4, 6, and 7, where the probation cases of boys are fewest, the schools are near great open in which to play. The one exception is District 10. which is in a part of the city. May this not be due to the influence of :i school imbued with a socializing consciousness? The following report was furnished by the Bureau of Housing Commission of the Health Department: Approximate Figures Regarding Housing Districts No. 1 to 11. District Hotels Violations Tenements State laws 1917 Single men or women Families District 1 -- -- 115 70 20 4 13 10 5 5 2 2 140 460 50 60 35 100 45 125 25 65 17 15 22 85 415 25 75 140 650 28 233 District 2 District .3 - -- District 4 -- District r> District 6 District 7 ... .- 7 100 15 200 60 2 75 6 25 5 D'stric-t * District 9 -- -. District 1" -- -- - District 11 -- - -- Totals .- ... 604 137 612 2,260 \VliT I'M.- native born owns the house and lives in it. the violations are about 10 per cent. WhfT" iln- native born owns the house and foreign born lives in it. the violations are about 40 per cent. Where the foreign born owns the house and lives in it. the violations are about t0 per cent. Where the foreign born owns the house and rents to foreign born, the violations are abour 7<> per cent. Two thousand two hundred sixty violations of the housing laws in one year more than 6 a day ! The violations of the foreign born arise 110 doubt, in large measure, from ignorance. It is interesting to note that when the native-born owner lives in his house the violations are only ]0 per cent. But when he rents it to a foreigner the violations rise to 40 per cent. It is not possible to say whether the increase is due to the owner or to the tenant. Judging from the condition of many of the houses when the foreigner moves into them, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion. 22 coimrxrrv SURVEY OF LOS ANCKI.KS. The following report was furnished by the Health Department of the public schools. The school nurses made visits to the homes in the school year 1917- 1918 as follows : In District Number 1 070 visits. In District Number 2 712 visits. In District Number 3 241 visits. In District Number 4 318 visits. In District Number 5 687 visits. In District Number 6 501 visits. In District Number 7 333 visits. In District Number 8 750 visits. In District Number 9 200 visits. In District Number 10 25' ' visits. In District Number 11 _ 807 visits. Total 5,475 visits. In addition our physicians summoned many of the parents to the schools for conferences, and there gave them general advice as to living and care. At our dispensary lectures were given on the subject of nutrition. Furnished by the Department of Compulsory Education and Child Welfare of the Public Schools for the school year 1917-1918. Number cases. District 1 24s District 2 290 District 3 : 353 District 4 1K> District 5 : 391 District 87 District 7 5!5 District 8 __ 5<>2 District 9 259 District 10 218 District 11 _ 135 3,264 The work of the department falls into five divisions: 1. Nonattendance at school. 2. Truancy (wilful absence). 3. Illness. 4. Poverty. 5. Incorrigibility. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 23 Report furnished by the assistant superintendents of the Los Angeles Oitv Schools: Evening schools Year 1917-18 Enrollment Total attendance Alpine - -- . 133 34 Castelar .. .. .. - ... 506 102 Palo Vmlo 168 34 Ann - -- 497 76 Pasadena - *fl34 76 All-iion _ 78 24 Bridge -- - 513 sn Utah .. 338 4-7 Belvedere - _- . -. -- 348 61 First -- 288 || Boyle Heights , -. ... 243 3-2 Seventh - -- - -- 8M 70 Hewitt -- -- - - - 170 28 Amelia -- -- 437 104 Macv .. ... . 625 til* Totals 5,637 992 "Largest enrollment. 'Largest attendance. The Chamber of Commerce, for its contribution to the Survey, checked up the industries, and found in the district 753, or 33".9 per cent of the industries in the city. The deduction is that surely life can not be normal in a district so much given over to industry, where there must of necessity be noise, grime, confusion, unpleasant odors, houses insanitary and dilapidated, with nothing beautiful or restful to look upon. According to the Lincoln High School Survey, 71 industries which they interviewed employ 12,707 persons ; 71 is 9.4 per cent of the whole number 753. So it seems safe to infer that at least 100,000 persons are employed in the industries of this section. There is no way to reach the foreign-born dweller in this district until the employers have responded to their own social consciousness, for it surely does not lie dormant always. "When all of their employes receive a wage that does not make it necessary to huddle with five or six other families into one dilapidated shack, without beds, without a cookstove, without enough to eat, with- out the necessities to keep clean ; when their hours are such that there is still energy and desire for recreation and education Then there will not be malnutrition, soddenness and discontent. Then the employer will suddenly realize that far from being a philan- thropist 's dream, it has boomeranged him with increased and improved output through a renewed spirit. 5 44HO 24 COMMUNITY SURVEY OP LOS ANGELES. THE LIBRARY. There is probably no recreation center which is so far-reaching as the library. When we consider, in addition to this, its educational function, it seems most important that it should be so supported that it may meet adequately all the demands upon it. In each of the districts in this Survey, except three, there are branch libraries which serve the foreign population. There are upon the shelves of one of these libraries 999 volumes in foreign languages. In eleven months the circulation reached 2,661 volumes. At the other branches there are only a few, exchanged at the main library as there is demand. One branch has a French newspaper donated, another has Russian, French and Spanish periodicals, and the others feel the need of some foreign journal. Four of the playgrounds in this district have library centers where there are many social activities. Story-telling is recognized as a potent factor in interesting the foreign child. There has grown up a splendid co-operation between the library and the public schools. Only five years ago when a teacher asked her princi- pal to allow her to take her class to the library he responded, "Oh, no, not at all. They might get into the habit of going there and would stop coming to school." These libraries are social centers for the community. They are meeting places for mothers' clubs, boys' clubs, girls' clubs, exemption boards, Red Cross, Consumer's League, etc. The library has been most inadequately financed. Each time a plea was made to the budget committee the answer was, "we think the mini mum is enough. If you are so sure you are important enough to havo more, let the voters decide." Evidently the budget committee did not read the public mind aright, for when the library did ask the voters to decide, they expressed their confidence in a vote for increased apportionment. Only when there is a generous support, can the library give in pro portion to its capabilities. KIND OF BOOKS. In answer to the question, "What books do you desire?" by far the greater number of children wished fairy tales. This same fact was brought out in the Friday Morning Club Recreational Survey. These foreign people are endowed with imagination. It is a rare gift; one that might be welcomed in a land which is young and practical minded. Next, the desire in almost as great a number was for stories, and there were demands for magazines, newspapers, history, books on war, COMMISSION OP IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 25 machinery, poultry, carpentry, electricity, religion, the dictionary and the Bible. A great many of those interrogated did not answer this question. No doubt, because they could not read at all, or could not read English well enough to enjoy books. RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE LOS ANGELES PUBLIC LIBRARY. The foreign population in the city of Los Angeles is large enough to demand the entire time of at least one librarian. She should combine social service interests with the ability to speak several languages. With such assistance, the foreign work in Boyle Heights, Central ave- nue, San Pedro branches and the main library could be improved and developed. A thoughtful consideration of this foreign problem brings to light the need for careful systematic work in the night schools, where the teacher can be informed of the deposits of books, the use of old maga- zines, the loan of pictures and other special helps in their work ; where classes may be informed of the free public library to help them in their education as soon as they have mastered the mechanics of reading; where visits to the library may be arranged; rules explained, cards taken, and all departments inspected. There is also this same need in the afternoon classes for mothers, and in groups of employes meeting in factories, canneries, carshops and similar industries employing large numbers of foreigners. At the time of the city's reception of the new citizens there should be a library representative to meet the people and spread the knowledge of the library, and occasionally to have a place on the program of the evening. Several social agencies have expressed the need for a folder printed in several languages besides English, telling of the free civic oppor- tunities such as the library, night schools, playgrounds, baths, parks, museums, clinics, and a digest of those city ordinances which would be likely to touch the life of the foreigner. It would seem to be a desirable piece of co-operation if the library could prepare such a folder. There is also need for bibliographies in Spanish, Italian, Rus- sian, Yiddish and Armenian. Posters in foreign languages announcing the free use of the library should be placed at strategic points in the foreign colonies. If approached, many foreign clubs and newspapers would undoubtedly give space and consideration to the library. There is also need for constant replenishing of books in simple English for foreign-speaking people, and now that the cessation of hostilities has come, we hope the foreign collection may be augmented. Such a collection has value not only in an educational way, but in the 26 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. first friendliness it frequently establishes with lonely strangers in our midst. We should like also to see more deposits established in foreign districts, which would have special attention and encouragement from the library. Undoubtedly with someone in charge of the foreign work broader opportunities for service than are now apparent would be discovered. It is a chance for the library to contribute to the greater development of an intelligent, contented and united nation. SETTLEMENTS AND NURSERIES. The Settlement, that haven of help, which is always there and always open, is doing a notable work in socialization. The reports show classes in sewing, knitting, cooking, English, housekeeping, folk dancing, music, laundry, millinery, toy making. EXCERPTS FROM THE REPORTS. From the Ida Straus Day Nursery and Settlement : ' ' Nationalities Jewish. We have a circulating library and reading room no restrictions. Piano lessons are given gratis to any children coming to the settle- ment and they may use the house piano for practicing. Health department conferences for babies are held weekly in the building, a physician and nurse in attendance." The Los Angeles Settlement House : "This Settlement is a social institution, maintained for the purpose of Americanizing the alien within our midst and of raising the citizen- ship standard of our foreign-born population. The'great need supplied by this settlement is shown in the fact that it serves between five and six hundred visitors each month. In the medical dispensary and clinic, over 3,400 cases were treated in one year." International Institute : ' ' Nationalities nine. There are 17 girls' clubs; 192 enrolled; 372 attendances during one month, each club meeting once a week. They sew, do Red Cross and Patriotic League work, gardening, etc." Neighborhood Settlement House : ' ' Nationalities sixteen. We reach between 600 and 700 families." Brownson House : "Nationalities nine; 90 per cent Mexican. Self helpfulness is exalted. Small fees are paid for clothing, etc. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 27 Visitors at Settlement house average 16 per day. Visits in home by field worker average 9 per day. Employment is secured for all who need it. A loan closet is maintained for use of district nurses among bed- ridden poor. Picnics and excursions are given ; Christmas tree annually ; holiday celebrations. Handiwork is sold, and full price given to maker, unless material has been furnished, in which case the wholesale cost of material is deducted. The number attending various activities in one month was 1,087." The Music School Settlement is unique and should be far-reaching in its influence because most of the foreign population are music loving. Tt is in a part of the district where there are Italians and many of the children obtain instruction at a nominal cost. Surely there is a response to the lure of education and recreation. The municipality will some day realize that it is its function to provide educational and recreational facilities for all its people, the immigrant included, and that it will be one of its best investments. St. Elizabeth Day Nursery takes care of 80 children. It includes Japanese, Chinese and Negroes. The children of the wage-earning mother is a problem which the Day Nursery has arisen to meet. The Ida Straus Day Nursery takes care daily of 30 children at a charge of ten cents per day. The mothers work in laundries, are cloak and suit operators, and day workers. Most of them obtain employment through the aid of the Nursery Board. The children are looked after scientifically and are, in most instances, in much better condition than they could possibly be if the mother remained at home. However, this is not at all recommended as the ideal plan, as every child should have the advantage of home training. MISSIONS. There are reports from 6 Missions : 3 Baptist, 2 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Japanese Union Church and "The House of Light." All but one have on Sunday two church services and Sunday school. The one exception has two Sunday school sessions, one in English and one in Spanish. All of the services of one mission in a Mexican district are in Spanish. Besides the Sunday services, there are weekly prayer meetings, Bible classes, Epworth League and Christian Endeavor meetings. The average attendance at religious services of all kinds is 36, although in many instances there are but 10 or 12 present. At four of the missions there are sewing classes for girls and mothers, with an average attend- ance of 20. "At each sewing class we give a Bible lesson also." There are clubs for boys : Animal Rescue, Scouts, home gardening in which 10 Mexican bovs are interested. 28 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. All have home visitors. Two of them report: "We make over 100 calls per month." The nationalities reached are, for the most part. Mexican, Japanese, Italian, Syrian and Russian. A few have social gatherings, excursions, picnics, and holiday celebrations. "We have a medical clinic Monday and Thursday mornings, 9:00 to 12. Have treated Mexicans, Spanish, Austrians, Italians, Syrians, Negroes, French and Americans." The work of the Japanese Mission is interesting. It is the only one maintained by the foreigners themselves, and shows their zeal to learn English. Copied from the questionnaire filled out by the Japanese Mission. Entertainments once a month and literary evenings once a month. Visiting in neighborhood a lady is engaged to do this work. Educational Enroll- ment Meetings per week Length of lesson Number of teachers (a) Bible classes 94 1 1 hour (b) English 72 5 2 hours 5 (c) Sewing (d) Cooking (e) Japanese taught 34 5 2 hours 2 It is to be noted that they maintain two-hour classes in English five times a week, with five teachers. The Japanese live sometimes in colo- nies, perhaps from necessity, but they have an eagerness to learn the English language and adapt themselves to customs of the United States. Most of the other foreigners live in colonies from desire, and must be persuaded to attend classes. They seem more diffident and clannish. While the answers to the questionnaire show that there is some effort made toward socialization, it is small. No doubt the difference between the Settlement and Mission is that the Mission is primarily a religious institution. Might it not be that the religious element could be strengthened by a broad effort at socialization ? PLAYGROUNDS. As Los Angeles was the first city in the United States to have a municipal playground commission, it was necessary for the commis- sioners to depend upon their own initiative and experiment. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 29 In 1905 there was one playground in Los Angeles, now there are eleven seven of which are in this district, including the new one at Ouster and Temple, which is just ready to open. Total attend- ance In 1018 Nationalities Swim- ming Orches- tra Com- munity singing 1. Down c y 59,407 Italians (86| per cent) No No No Mexican Austrian Irish 2. Echo Park 182,919 Jews (60 per cent) Wading Broken Yes pool up by war 3. Hazard 88,825 No No Yes 4. Recrration Center 82969 Mxican No No No Italian Austrian 5. Salt Lak? 98,507 Russian Wading No Girls' Armenian Mexican Greek Japanese pool club fi. Viol' t street 92 568 No No No Italian Syrian Greek 7. Custer just ready to open... Yes 585,192 The total attendance is 585,192. That is a large number. Whatever other objection may be urged against the playgrounds, it can not be said they are not used. It means that 1,603 people go every day. If you have ever lived in a village you will know exactly what a large number of people 1,603 is. An average of 267 a day and 1,169 a week at each playground. They all have a clubhouse and the ordinary apparatus for athletics and games: tennis, baseball, handball, volleyball, basketball, soccer, bowling, etc. Almost all of them have boys' and girls' and mixed clubs, evening parties (usually dancing) and holiday celebrations. Only in the new one, which is not yet open, is there a swimming pool. But it is the hope of the commission to install sometime a pool in every playground. 30 COMMUNITY SURVEY OP LOS ANGELES. There is not an orchestra in any of the playgrounds and only three report community singing. . This seems regrettable because music speaks a universal language and is one important means of helping the foreigner to adjust himself to new and strange conditions. The commission hopes to make an open-air Recreation Center at the Plaza and to resume the band concerts which were discontinued during the war. RECOMMENDATIONS OP THE DIRECTORS. 1. A pool and billiard room in the new Downey Clubhouse to offset the commercialized pool room. 2. "Clean up" the pool halls. 3. Have the police keep a closer watch on the activities of pool rooms. 4. Increase the size of the Echo Park Clubhouse 50 per cent. 5. Better police protection for young girls who pass through Echo Park. 6. In the Salt Lake district there is due need of an assembly hall large enough to accommodate large numbers for meetings, social gatherings, dances, clubs and gymnasium classes. 7. Broad-minded policemen who understand the conditions of the neighborhood. 8. At motion picture houses a censorship of films, better ventila- tion and higher-class music. 9. Investigation of child labor during nut-cracking season. (a) Inspection of nut-cracking places by Pure Food Adminis- tration. 10. City to improve street conditions. 11. A public library in the immediate neighborhood, as they will not go far from their homes. COMMERCIALIZED RECREATION. There were licenses taken out for 92 billiard halls and 25 motion picture houses in this district. These should be more closely supervised and censored. After motion pictures in popularity, come in order, parks, play- grounds, beaches, singing, music, reading, dancing and visiting. It is little wonder that there is a desire for space for an opportunity to stretch after the cramped existence, both mental and physical, in their congested quarters. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 31 It is regrettable that the Park Commission, on account of lack of appropriation, has never been able to use the plans submitted by Laurie Davidson Cox in 1914. There are only two swimming pools ; one at Macy street and one in the iic\\ playground at Temple and Custer, which is not yet open. At Macy street the children have regular instruction in swimming and the pool, which unfortunately, is small, is open to the people of the neighborhood. In congested districts, where a private bathroom is unknown, public baths and swimming pools would help to inspire the oft- repeated phrase, "American standards of living." There was a magnificent example of the co-operation of social agencies during the influenza epidemic in Los Angeles, as the following excerpts from reports will show: (1) From the Y. W. C. A.: ''The idea of establishing a community kitchen for the influenza patients in Los Angeles was originated by the Executive of the Inter- national Institute of the Y. W. C. A. The Civilian Relief Department of the American Red Cross agreed to finance the work, the Motor Corps was to furnish trucks and drivers, and the Canteen Service was to have the general supervision of the kitchen. The city schools of Los Angeles formed another co-operative agency, for they furnished the Domestic Science room at the Utah Street School and all the kitchen equipment, the Domestic Science teachers gave their services to cook the food, and several of the home teachers did district visiting in connection with the influenza patients. The Y. "W. C. A. and the International Institute of the Y. W. C. A. handled the executive and the office end of the work. They were also responsible for furnishing the girls who went out on the trucks and into the homes to serve the food. In a time of universal catastrophe it is a noteworthy fact that these three institutions were able to carry out successfully this plan of co-operative relief work. There were eleven nationalities affected by the work, if one groups together the Slavic people in one group. By far the largest number were Mexicans. The numbers of families of each nationality, as far as the records show, are as follows : Mexicans 138 Americans 14 Japanese 30 Armenians 15 Slavic 9 Italians 8 Swedish 4 Negro 4 Jewish 4 French 3 German 2 This is a partial record which the follow-up workers will make complete in time. The Japanese had a unique manner of handling their cases. The Japanese Benevolent Society receives every year contributions from the Japanese Colony, to be used in any disaster which may come upon them. Through the Japanese home visitor of 5-44110 32 COMMUNITY SURVEY OP LOS ANGELES. the International Institute they asked permission to co-operate, and all their food was prepared and sent out from Utah street, but they met the expenses from the funds of their benevolent society. The reports of needy cases came to the office from various different sources, but principally from the district nurses, the home teachers, the Settlement Houses, and from the foreign neighbors of the sick people, who had seen the trucks and knew what they meant. The supervisor of the Los Angeles Settlement went on the truck through her district herself daily. There were 225 different families fed, which means some 780 individuals. One of the most valuable pieces of information which was obtained from the records, is the length of time during which the different families received help. Less than 1 week 136 families. 1 to 2 weeks 66 families. 2 to 3 weeks 23 families. Over a weeks 7 families. These figures go to show that it really was an emergency relief measure, as by far the largest number received help less than one week. In the future Los Angeles will be more able to carry out a successful Americanization program, because of this relief work and of the direct contact of the foreigner with Americans who came as friends. (2) From the City Bureau of Nursing: With the splendid co-operation of several organizations a temporary home was opened for well children left uncared for when influenza entered their homes. The St. Elizabeth Day Nursery became a home for the babies, their milk formulas being prepared in the city milk station and sent to them daily. When the canteen opened, the nurses sent in over 200 calls the first day a rather interesting sidelight on the conditions under which they had been working. Meanwhile the city opened an emergency hospital at 936 Yale street ; also one at San Pedro and procured several housekeepers to assist the nurses by washing dishes and linen and sweeping floors. During October the nurses made 3,174 visits to influenza cases and 341 visits to maternity patients, making a daily average of 10 influenza and one post-partum case for each nurse, since several of the nurses were off duty ill. (3) From Report of the Home Economics Teachers: The Home Economics teachers did most of the cooking. At first workers from the other canteens assisted, but soon they found that it was too heavy for them to carry with their other duties, and they were obliged to leave it to the teachers. The teachers came in two groups daily. One came in at eight in the morning and worked until one o'clock, the other came at one and worked until dark. (4) From the Los Angeles Settlement House: The Los Angeles Settlement House, finding that the hospitals were rapidly becoming so congested that it was impossible to find accommo- dations, made an effort to establish a temporary hospital in the district. COMMISSION OP IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 33 No suitable house could be found which would conform to the city requirements. At last an expedient was advanced by the health office to the effect that a convalescent home be established. The Settlement House Board of Directors acted promptly on this suggestion, secured the Mount Washington Hotel by paying the rent for three months with the privilege of an indefinite lease, asked the city council for, and was granted an appropriation of $10,500 for equipment, and then turned it all over to the health department to organize and run. Among other activities for the relief of the influenza situation, was the privilege of working with the Canteen Service of the Red Cross, which did such heroic work. In this way we made over 600 visits, giving food to over 2,400 people. Other co-operating organizations were put in touch with time and place for help. Of these the County Charities, through their outdoor relief, provided many homes with food, clothing, bedding and a home for temporary orphans. The street commissioner responded with a special "clean up" for the District. The Housing Commission "hustled" the property owners for proper housing conditions. The sanitary inspectors gave service whenever needed. While everywhere present, responding to every call and doing most valiant and valuable service, was the health office, the city doctors, and city nurses. (5) From Brownson House: When the quarantine order was made by the city health department, its full meaning was not realized at Brownson House, but immediately all the usual gatherings at the Settlement House were suspended. The clinic was to remain open. Brownson House reported 77 cases of influenza to the health depart- ment. There were many deaths ; about 20 of these were in families in the immediate neighborhood. The badly-ventilated dwellings and the crowded rooms favored the spread of the disease in the family. When a member of the household went to the hospital, all the daily inquiries and reports were made through Brownson House. When death came, it was the sad duty of the settlement workers to notify the family at home. Then came the filling out of insurance papers, the collection of insurance, and the funeral arrangements, even as to the clothing of the dead. When the mother was stricken, there were prom- ises to make to the dying woman solicitous for her little children, and there were the children to be fed and cared for, until some arrangement could be made. Bed linen and other necessaries for the sick room were loaned from the Brownson House closet. No matter at what hour the appeal came, Brownson House was ready. When nothing more could be done there were always sympathy and love to share with the sorely afflicted. Sympathy and love, in fact, hallowed nil the work of the days of sadness. 34 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. (6) From the St. Elizabeth Day Nursery: The St. Elizabeth Day Nursery, which in normal times cares for 80 children, fed 40 children and 20 mothers in co-operation with : (1) The Enlisted Men's Club, which sent 40 pints of milk and 10 pounds of lamb stew. (2) Council of Defense, which sent 100 quarts of fruit, jelly and preserves. (3) The employers of the mothers. (4) The Utah Street Canteen. The children came out like little birds to be fed, and, although the cook was taken sick and the first assistant left on account of fear, the children and their mothers were fed daily. Some of the neighbors, who were considered a menace, who had been reported to the health department several times for keeping such a dirty place, showed undreamed of spirit of help. They furnished messengers to carry the food and were helpful in many other ways. A great misfortune often discloses splendid traits of character which have been deeply buried through many influences. It is interesting to note that the shortcomings of the Mexicans their salvation in this epidemic. Their houses are so full of chinks that the fresh air fans through undisturbed, and the predilection for sun- ning themselves they crawl out just as instinctively as the lizard provided heaven-given medicine. They are so lacking in parsimony, that even though eggs cost 86 cents a dozen and milk 8 cents a pint, they buy as long as they have money. The result is, they are well nourished. On the contrary, the Russians' virtues worked to their detriment. They live in snug, well-built houses, tightly closed, so that not a breath of fresh air enters. They crowd the rooms and stay in frightened isolation. Their ideas of frugality would never allow them to buy eggs or other food at extravagant prices. Another thing brought out by the work during the epidemic was the disinclination to accept aid when not needed, and the positive refusal to accept longer than absolutely necessary. Many times, but for the explanation of the home teacher or settlement visitor, whom they knew and trusted, it would have been impossible to render assistance. One home teacher writes: ''Many a family whose breadwinner was stricken, having given their last dollar to the physician or pharmacy, have for the first time, in deepest despair and humiliation, received alms. Often have they refused this and were induced to accept it only when offered as a loan. I knew of certain physicians who paid for the medicines, knowing that it could not be repaid along with his fees. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 35 Most people have the impression that the foreign poor stand with hands outstretched to receive alms." The one most encouraging thing shown by the reports was the .splendid spirit of co-operation, and giving to others the praise. In moments of great crises we respond to a spiritual elation unknown in the normal every day life. RECOMMENDATIONS. DISTRICT II. Palo Verde asks for: 1. Lights. There is not enough light for night school students to see, not enough for evening games indoors, and no use of the play- ground at night. The wiring is done and it would cost $350 to bring electricity. 2. An auditorium. The school is the only meeting place in the district and there is no room adequate to meet the demand. 3. Better streets. The Mexicans are moving to the more congested quarters. This is regrettable because they have decent homes, plenty of fresh air and sunshine. One of the gas company's employes said he had taken out fifty meters. 4. An extension of the district to Broadway to include Italians. Now the children never speak English except when in the presence of the teacher.. DISTRICT IV. Cornwell asks for: 1. Home Teacher. 2. Baths. Malabar asks for: 1. Night school. The Nurses ask for: 1. Milk. 2. Baths. 36 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. DISTRICT VII. 1. That there be more social service work done among the Russians. 2. That duplication of work be avoided. There are girls going to sewing classes at House of Light, Inter- national Institute, Garnet Street Mission, and at Hostetter School. 3. That a public playground be established. The school playground is not open after school hours. 4. That the streets be paved. There is a federal rule that unless the street is paved mail need not be delivered and it is not. There is no milk delivery and no garbage collection. It would be well if some of the rigid sanitary measures of the army camp could be taken over to civil life. The indiscriminate dumping of garbage is certainly a menace. 5. That a medical and dental clinic be established in the vicinity. 6. That an effort be made to put different nationalities in the same school. A school for one nationality does not Americanize. 7. That a penny kitchen be established at Euclid Avenue School. DISTRICT VIII. Ninth Street School asks for baths. DISTRICT X. 1. That a dav nursery be established at Hewitt Street School. As a result of the survey, it was discovered that agencies which had thought of the city only in terms of their own problems saw that their needs were the same. The following recommendations, if they were accepted, would increase the efficiency of all the workers : FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS. 1. That all agencies have the same fiscal year, so that annual reports will cover the same period. 2. That there be worked out a unified system of districting the city; there is nothing which would so facilitate co-operation among the social agencies. The recent epidemic showed eloquently what can be accomplished by co-operation in a crisis. Why wait for crises? There is a crisis every day in the lives of these people. 3. That a dental clinic be established where adults as well as children may be treated. The Department of Health and Development of the Public Schools has promised that the school clinic would give space for an adult clinic if the equipment could be provided. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 37 4. That milk be distributed to families on the recommendation of the visiting nurse without other formality. This preventive measure would often avoid sickness and its concomitant depend- ence. 5. That some system of enforced employment be undertaken by the city to prevent vagrancy. The following statistics were compiled from the questionnaires filled in by the school teachers : NATIONALITIES. Estimated Numbers in the Eleven Districts. Nationality District I District II.. District III. District IV-. < District VI. District VII District VIII District IX- District X-- Dlsflrlct XL F Austria-Hungary British Isles . 15 40 14 4 2 1 6 ft> 2 13 17 13 4 4 4 8 1 1 18 11 1 1 84 China . 8 5 44 6 63 Prance 19 g 1 16 8 fl 5 3 77 Germany 15 1 11 9 4 2 20 1 101 [taly 3d 147 20 25 H 9 5 22 7 0B 360 Tapan - 3 1 7 1 61 46 125 Jews 1 138 201 60 17 32 8 16 472 Mexico 73 308 13 58 77 81 107 103 49 66 244 1,179 Russia . .. 9 10 36 5 48 3 2 114 Turkey 2 . 4 8 j 1 34 1 9 2 13 73 Cnited States 3 294 55 2 117 116 29 10 199 "48 88 12 976 Other nationalities 4 . 40 11 1 9 20 31 18 3 8 8 161 No report 37 24 5 14 1 2 5 2 14 3 112 Totals . 781 577 48 481 381 231 280 389 129 360 412 4,019 Estimated Percentages in the Eleven Districts. Nationality District 1... District II- District 111. District IV. District V-. District VI. District VII District VIII District IX- District X... District XI. f Austria-Hungary 2 ? 4 1 7 1 1 I 2.1 British I=le= 5 2 5 3 6 1 2 s 3.1 China 1 1 12 1 1.8 France 2 1 2 3 f. 1 ? 1 91 1.9 Germany 2 2 2 ?, a 5 1 1 5 915 [taly 5 16 5 1 3 1 5 17 2 12 9.2 Tapan 2 3 1 17 11 3.1 Jews 19 42 Ifl 7 11 2 2 12 Mexico 10 55 30 12 21 36 38 20 38 19 59 30.1 Russia 1 2 9 2 17 2,9 Purkey 1 2 9 3 3 1.8 Cnited States .- 42 9 4 24 31 12 5 51 37 25 2 24.9 Other nationalities 5 2 2 1 2 11 11 4 A 2 2 4.1 No report . . . 5 4 11 1 3 1 1 3 2.8 x For the purposes of this survey, it seemed better to classify the Jewish race separately, than to include them in their various nationalities. 2 Turks include Syrians and Armenians. 3 United States includes Indian and native colored. *Other nationalities include Dutch, Canadians, Swiss, Roumanians, Australians, Finns, Poles, Portuguese, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Greeks, Servians, Cubans, Persians. COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. TABLE 1. Number of Families, and Number of Adults and Children to Family, with Percentage of Families with Fewer than Five Children. Nationality Number of adults* Number of children _ 5 5 a, P i No report. o 8 W s ft S * I = W P ' P 1. 1 i i f * District I. Vustria-Hungary 16 40 8 19 13 2 7 7 25 6 8 \ 7 28 4 11 8 17 1 7 8 3 5 4 15 1 4 93 British Isles . - 90 China : 3 11 9 26 1 5 4 9 3 1 < 1 1 100 84 i i i 3 4 1 2 I 1 5 1 __. 2 92 Italy - --- 36 . . 88 3 1 50 Jews 138 73 9 8 12 91 32 6 2 180 24 24 34 26 3 1 63 8 6 ...!. 2 :,i> ;i 35 21 4 4 1 1 219 55 26 7 17 9 1 1 10 4 ] 6 86 8 76 Mexico - ._. 88 Turkey - 4 ... 1 66 United States 294 40 37 42 6 7 1 7 95.8 ..]__ 3 as Other nationalities Xo report 10O Totals District II. Austria-Hungary British Isles 12 3 16 1 731 14 4 88 2 432 8 1 174 2 1 3 426 4 1 195 6 2 56 4 10 21 87.S 71 1 100 China Prance - 6 1 3 1 1 6 __ ... 100 Germany - - Italy 147 5 = 59 1 61 47 34 4 1 73.9 jews - Mexico 308 33 136 116 18 5 4 110 109 72 9 4 73 Russia Turkty 8 56 11 24 1 9 5 5 30 6 11 2 14 4 6 1 30 2 13 2 17 3 5 5 6 5 5 37 United States 1 1 1 1 . ... 1 88.8 Other nationalities Xo report 1 50 2 1 79 Totals 577 2 56 282 205 24 10 6 2 1 228 191 131 13 8 74.fi .. 1 100 District III. \ustria-Hungary British Isles 1 1 1 100 China France 1 1 1 .. . 100 Germany 1 1 1 1 1 100 Italy 20 11 8 5 6 7 1 60 Japan 1 1 jews Mexico - - 13 9 3 1 1 6 2 2 3 80 Russia Turkey -- 1 1 1 ... 100 United States 2 1 1 1 1 2 . __ . 100 Other nationalities .. 1 100 Xo report 5 2 1 2 2 1 2 100 Totals - 48 3 23 11 - 8 4 16 11 9 1 . 7 75.6 *The family is considered the unit. One adult in family; 2 adults in family; 3 to ." adults in family, etc. No child in family; 1 to 2 children in family; 3 to 4 children in family, ft?. COMMISSION OP IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 39 TABLE 1 Continued. Number of Families, and Number of Adults and Children to Family, with Percentage of Families with Fewer than Five Children. Nationality Number of adults* Number of children Per cent fewer than 5 | ba w 9 ! e i 2 j s t* S ** 8 -* 00 s e 3 r 55 f District IV. 6 3 13 3 8 2 2 13 2 10 2 2 66 92 British Isles 25 2 China France 16 11 1 6 3 13 8 8 9 1 9 7 5 4 2 87 100 52 Germany [taly 25 1 2 7 6 9 3 jews -- 201 58 10 9 2 142 32 7 40 19 3 1 4. 5 81 17 3 85 18 7 1 33 19 2 3 ..... 82 62 100 100 88 66 75 81 100 92 Mexico 1 Russia Turkey _ 1 L'nited States 117 6 8 66 4 40 2 3 69 35 4 10 2 2 1 Other nationalities Xo report 5 2 2 1 3 ..... 1 ...-. 1 2 1 1 Totals . 481 2 13 22 1 2 291 9 147 18 1 1 209 1 5 179 1 7 80 7 4 1 District V. Austria-Hungary British Isles . 1 1 China Francs 6 3 6 2 1 1 3 2 . 1 2 2 1 6 1 2 1 4 75 100 Germany 9 5 1 [taly 1 Japan . -. Jews 60 77 3fi 2 9 40 40 21 24 68 5 9 15 24 13 7 27 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 10 17 21 3 2 62 3 8 33 20 16 15 29 2 3 10 23 12 13 14 4 1 83 60 55.8 51 84 55 84.6 Mexico 1 4 2 3 2 1 2 1 7 Russia Turkey 3-t United States 116 9 14 10 1 J Other nationalities No report i 2 _: 1 1 Totals 381 17 13 25 1 227 10 7 99 6 4 9 1 1 21 126 6 8 133 7 4 78 3 13 1 1 3 26 73.5 76 92 District VI. Austria-Hungary . British Isles China . France -- . 3 22 9 1 1 1 17 6 1 11 47 5 1 3 3 1 1 26 3 100 71 66 100 70 49 100 100 75 83 100 68 Germany .. 1 9 3 1 7 19 3 6 3 2 5 20 2 1 5 3 5 36 1 4 \ 4 2 Italy -. -. _ Japan .. . . 7 17 81 5 J 3 2 3 4 2 Jews Mexico Russia ._ _ - -. _. .Turkey 1 ] L'nited States Other nationalities Xo report .. 29 26 1 1 20 16 8 4 1 2 1 3 10 11 1 11 9 4 1 1 2 Totals .. IS Wl 141 58 9 11 81 70 ?. 8 10 40 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. TABLE 1 Continued. Number of Families, and Number of Adults and Children to Family, with Percentage of Families with Fewer than Five Children. Nationality Number of adults* Number of children ~? D*-i Ss 1 f r to s Ol a f No report- s tO CO s 01 S -* 8 to 10 10 plus No report District VII. 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 1 100 100 British Isles Fiance . 6 3 7 3 3 8 2 i 3 7 4 3 7 1 7 :::::::::::::: 100 87 100 Germany - -- 16 Italy 5 japan I. 32 107 48 9 16 31 2 4 2 1 B 1 15 59 30 5 9 19 1 10 39 13 1 2 8 1 91 1 3 i 2 2 ! i 2 16 30 9 3 6 14 1 13 1 35 33 13 24 3 5 11 4 1 2 2 2 4 96.6 64.7 43 100 100 75 50 73 100 87 100 100 100 30 100 100 69 100 Mexico - 3 4 2 2 Turkey 1 1 United States 2 8 2 1 7 1 No report - 5 Ttotals 280 4 g 19 155 2 3 100 2 4 93 1 3 64 g 1 10 1 District VIII. Austria-Hungary Britih Isle China 1 4 5 8 1 4 I 4 4 IE 3 2 3 4 1 4 2 3 11 3 Italy 21 6 5 *] 8 a 2 45 1 5 39 i Mexico 103 3 9 1 4 ! 33 1 33 1 24 6 1 Turkey - United States 199 18 5 33 1 94 9 4 61 6 1 5 1 8 1 20 2 5 127 4 3 40 6 1 21 1 9 2 83.6 93.7 80 Other nationalities Vo report Totals _-. 389 1 49 179 129 1 12 7 194 95 1 58 9 2 24 81 100 100 District IX. Austria-Hungary British Isles ... 1 1 1 China ._ France Germany . .. 2 22 1 1 2 1 13 2 1 100 40 [taly 7 1 1 2 6 13 Japan . _ Jews Mexico 49 4 27 18 1 10 19 18 1 61 Russia Turkey United States Other nationalities No report ... 48 3 2 8 26 2 2 14 1 '- 1 2 20 2 1 16 1 6 4 86 100 50 1 Totals 1 6 129 16 70 42 36 43 88 1 5 68.5 COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 41 TABLE 1 Continued. Number of Families, and Number of Adults and Children to Family, with Percentage of Families with Fewer than Five Children. Nationality Number of adults* Number of children Per cent fewer than 5 r to M S cx I 5 plus No report- 1 to 2 S * 01 S -* 8 to 10 10 plus No report- ~ District X. 18 7 10 1 13 6 13 2 10 9 27 6 29 2 4 j 19 1 4 27 9 16 1 1 3 100 100 80 100 100 100 93 94 71 100 100 93.8 100 100 87.7 100 100 60 100 100 88 80 British I=le 11 44 3 6 7 3 14 2 U 3 36 12 27 1 1 14 1 4 2 16 4 25 1 1 4 3 1 China 5 8 Germany ~ . 20 7 61 16 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 4 4 1 13 2 3 [taly Japan - 2 Mexico 66 7 2 3 4 5 3 Turkey 2 88 14 360 1 2 24 3 2 United States 40 5 f, 19 2 3 2 3 1 5 50 4 14 g 2 4 7 1 3 Othir nationalities No report 2 1 7 3 Totals 52 170 1 102 17 19 11 182 102 1 32 9 24 District XI. Austria-Hungary _ British Isles _ . . 2 6 12 1 1 2 1 1 4 7 1 2 China 3 8 1 1 4 1 1 France - 4 2 Germany Italy 63 46 3 1 51 36 8 8 1 1 ::::: 37 17 17 5 20 8 2 ...-. Japan . -. - Jews . Mexico Russia 244 1 36 142 59 6 j 2 82 86 47 9 19 1 75 46 100 100 100 Turkey 13 12 8 7 s 1 2 2 7 4 1 4 3 3 7 United States 12 8 3 4 1 Other nationalities No report - 1 1 Totals 2 4 412 49 273 80 S 163 140 68 12 1 24 79 42 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. TABLE 1 Concluded. Number of Families, and Number of Adults and Children to Family, with Percentage of Families with Fewer Than Five Children. SUMMARY. Nationality Total Per cent with fewer than 5 children Austria Hungary - - 84 86.4 British Isles 12"> 9-2.5 China 63 86 France 77 !>1.8 Germany 101 86.3 Italy . . . . _ 360 70.7 japan -- _^ IK >7 7 lews - - - 472 82.5 Mexico 1 17'.) Russia - _ -. -- - - - - m 61.8 Turkey - - _. 73 n. United States .. 976 90.6 Oth.r nationalities - ^_ -- 161 82.7 No report -- 112 76.6 Totals - 4,019 79.+ However lacking in contact knowledge, everybody pictures the Ghetto, Little Italy, and the Mexican quarter as dirty spots with tumble- down shacks and swarming with children. Contrary to these preconceived opinions, 79.4 per cent of the for- eigners in this district have fewer than 5 children. This is, however, no doubt due to the high percentage of infant mortality. According to this table the Turks. Russians, Mexicans and Italians, in the order given, have the largest families. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND 43 TABLE 2. Families Classified by Length of Residence in State and Naturalization. Nationality Length of residence Naturalization 3 Less than 1 year... 1 to 3 years 4 to 5 years 6 to 10 years 10 years or more... No report 9 Per cent f No report District 1. 15 1 7 10 13 2 6 5 14 2 70 17 4 2 4 19 fl 12 7 17 1 46 45 4 1 8 27 72.7 84 3 5 4 8 Rrit'li I]e 40 1 China 8 19 1 2 4 9 S 19 90 100 73 1 " 7 9 7 10 Germany 1.1 1 1 Italy -- -- 36 3 Jews _ 138 73 1 4 3 1 5 2 12 6 73 11 5 2 76.8 34 92 100 22 21 3 43 41 1 2 Turk'-v -- - 4 1 Unltd 'state* ?94 Othr nationalities - - 40 1 37 3 2 3 18 1 13 36 17 82.9 10 13 37 Tota' 731 14 13 11 37 2 163 5 3 211 7 1 179 4 2 71 57 100 72 3 175 7 2 District II. British Ils 4 Franc - -- A 1 ' 3 . 3 3 Italy 147 1 8 14 24 103 34 51.5 32 81 Japan -- - - Mexico - - 808 9 14 13 23 43 201 12 11 94 202 Russia - - - - 8 2 6 . 1 7 United States 55 n 1 in 21 3 100 8 20 No report -- 24 1 1 1 4 Totals - 577 2 9 17 22 44 78 1 352 1 55 1 14 100 135 330 1 1 District III. Austria-Hungary British Tsl<>s -- - 1.1 China Franc 1 1 1 Germany 1 1 1 1 100 10 Italy - - 20 1 2 3 14 1 9 10 japan 1 Jews Mexico 13 4 2 7 2 33 4 7 Russia Turkey j 1 I. 1 1 Unitd States 2 :: " ~ Other nationalities 1 1 1 No report 5 5 2fi Totals 48 5 2 3 6 5 21 14 44 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. TABLE 2 Continued. Families Classified by Length of Residence in State and Naturalization. Nationality Length of residence Naturalization Total-- Less than 1 year... 1 to 3 years 4 to 5 years 6 to 10 years 10 years or more No report Per cent o" No report District IV. 8 1 2 3 16 2 6 2 22 33 100 4 i 2 4 22 5 2 British Isles 25 1 16 2 14 7 16 1 3 11 11 9 78.5 100 42.8 3 Germany 11 1 1 2 5 Italy - 25 Jews - 201 58 10 5 3 9 8 88 15 2 1 13 30 7 18 7 1 102 28 2 56.8 52.3 25 77 25 6 1 Mexico Russia 1 Unitd States - 117 Othr nationalities 6 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 50 50 2 1 2 8 Vo report - - 5 Totals -- 481 8 18 67 1 no 1 8 43 1 3 190 1 4 59 50 100 131 1 43 9 District V. Austria-Hungary - 2 British Isles - 13 1 China -- - France _ - 1 1 1 3 6 1 2 2 2 4 100 5 83 1 25 1 3 2 3 1 Germany .. 9 5 Italy - - - _. 1 Japan - jews -- 60 1 1 to co - en 12 4 14 8 28 18 11 7 14 44 8 10 28 12 1 3 63 25.5 5.5 23 15 35 17 10 19 30 18 21 Mexico 77 36 3 Russia Turkey 34 United States 116 Othr nationalities 9 4 3 5 9 2 50 2 1 5 13 No report 14 1 1 Totals .- 881 17 3 8 26 1 1 48 7 4 90 6 3 100 3 5 59 10 8 40.9 66.6 88.8 85 5 1 121 2 4 District VI. Austria-Hungary British Isles IS China France 3 2 12 3 5 15 41 4 1 4 3 1 2 27 1 2 13 3 _ 100 86.8 42.8 " 2 4 1 7 2 Germany . -- . 22 9 2 4 3 1 Italy Japan - - 1 Jews -. - 17 7 14 1 50 29.7 33 7 33 2 1 8 34 2 Mexico . -_ 81 5 1 3 1 8 Russia - Turkey 1 1 United States -- 29 8 1 64 Other nationalities . 26 5 14 7 12 1 75 6 Xo report 1 Totals - 231 1 3 5 33 105 55 70 53 61 COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 45 TABLE 2 Continued. Families Classified by Length of Residence in State and Naturalization. Nationality Length of residence Naturalization I Less Ulan 1 year... 1 to 3 years 4 to 5 years 6 to 10 years 10 years or more.. . No report 1 No report District VII. Austria-Hungary 4 4 2 4 4 100 100 - British Isles 4 1 1 China _ France a 4 10 4 2 S 1 2 10 4 100 76.8 100 8 4 3 1 Germany . _. 16 1 2 Italy 5 Japan Jews 32 4 1 3 47 16 4 23 27 21 3 6 22 10 2 21 7 84 8.6 20.6 28 4 74 23 5 T 29 19 2 Mexico -- . 107 48 1 6 Russia - Turkey 9 United States 16 Other nationalities 31 2 2 23 1 4 1 as 2 100 100 5 No report 2 Totals . 280 4 1 7 8 1 2 75 1 4 1 122 2 1 51 1 2 88 2 4 44.6 66.6 57 109 1 3 ..... 9 67 1 1 3 3 7 District VIII. Austria-Hungary -- British Isles 8 China -- ... 5 5 2 France 1 4 3 4 1 1 50 1 25 5 35.7 Germany 4 1 Italy 21 1 2 4 4 11 Japan 6 Jews -...__ . . 8 103 3 1 17 1 8 2 20 2 13 2 43 3 5 5 1 100 9 50 3 48 1 Mexico _ . 2 50 Russia -- Turkey .. . United States 199 Other nationalities . 18 5 1 3 2 5 7 6 2 40 3 13 5 Xo report . - Totals 389 1 5 22 16 37 35 75 1 1 26 27.6 68 86 1 1 District IX. 1 China Germany 2 2 2 11 Italy . .. 22 1 2 2 2 15 6 54.5 5 japan - 1 Mexico - - 49 3 7 5 9 25 3 18.7 18 S3 Russia Turkey .. ... United States 48 1 2 Other nationalities -- 3 1 2 9 1 60 1 Xo report 2 Totals - ra 5 9 7 13 47 10 84 19 5' 46 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. TABLE 2 Continued. Families Classified by Length of Residence in State and Naturalization. Nationality Length of residence Naturalization | Less than 1 year... 1 to 3 years - Mo r, years G to 10 years 10 years or more No report- - . 3 f Per cent X o "/. r District X. Austria-Hungary - 18 7 7 2 8 6 1 4 1 14 7 9 1 2 3 21 2 11 4 7 45 5 8 38 88.8 8 1 5 2 British Isles 11 China - -- -- 44 3 1 10 2 4 3 7 3 100 70 75 GTmany -- - 20 1 1 3 2 6 2 a 3 10 1 3 Italy 7 61 16 1 3 1 8 7 1 2 80 38.8 100 100 n 11 6 48 1 Mexico - -- 66 5 1 1 Russia 2 Turkey 2 2 Unitd States 88 Othr nationalities - 8 1 3 4 14 3 100 5 14 Xo r p port 14 Totals -- - - 151 1 380 1 2 19 14 30 56 47 84 26 at i i District XI. Austria-Hungary -- British Isles 2 1 1 6 China -. 6 France 12 1 3 5 a i 5 83 1 6 r 26 Germany 1 Italy -- 63 43 2 2 1 2 3 1 10 20 18 20 29 1 18 43 21 Japan -- - _ Jews . . -_ Mexico _ 244 1 6 22 32 60 51 73 1 U 7.8 141 91 1 8 Russia . Turkey - 13 2 4 17 2 40 3 United States _-- 12 Other nationalities 8 1 3 4 1 3 1 75 50 1 1 4 1 No report .. 3 1 1 Totals 102 412 10 27 37 9i 138 39 13.7 168 140 COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 47 TABLE 2 Concluded. Families Classified by Length of Residence in State and Naturalization. SUMMARY. Nationality Totals Per cent Austria-Hungary . 84 59.6 British Isles 122 87.7 China - - 93 France . ___ - 77 80.4 Germany -- -- 101 8.l Italy .- - . 390 47.1 lapan - - _ 125 .h us j ._ 472 65.5 Mexico . . 1,179 18.4 Russia - - -- - 114 24.6 Turkey 73 34 3 United States 976 Other nationaliti Q s - 161 73 1 \o rport _ 112 33 3 Totals --- . - 4 019 27 1 According to this table, the Mexicans, Russians, Turks and Italians, in order given, have the fewest number naturalized, and the British Isles, Germans and French, the largest. The total in all districts is 27 per cent. A little more than one- fourth of our foreigners naturalized ! And 43.9 per cent of them have been here over 10 years. Is it an arraignment of them or of us ? 48 COMMUNITY STRVEY OF LOS ANGELES. LU >, CO H 00 1 ; a , ?H [ ! 4 q > ss & i r f 7 1 * a rH 2 i s: gf I i i i tt > e S r - c 4 : : 9 3 3 r ^s- 1 1- ( S CM V > : r- 1 i fH ^ i CO S* i- S r5 !f 1 00 C< * I B 5 c 5 * S CO "** r CD e B - M I D i _, -^ m e> a t- Jt- ^ M - ff ^ i i i- t- M r- r*t % i * J 8 r- rtrH^ 8 s i i- r- 1 e t rHOC IT cr r- C ^ gOr- i- r rH ? 1 V fs ? c 5O Oi iT i KB - t I- S i t-l I-( os e -r t- 5 ^ e I" SI *l 0. OKI , (N IN S c- C- O) nd writ fE e? CO rH " S3 S M C5 ^~ t> CO - t> IN Li ? i e^ l-H rH r-l r- z. M 9 *^^ W 5^ 9 C C 1 ) <> * M 4 ?8 a r ; & 5o S * ec l- Sr3 c I ! C a S 1 C .S; 33 X -5 > '5 o t)0!25 , s t c^i COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 49 r 1 ^ 1 T i r- C - M 5 r- i : > a < -. - i j '- r- . 1 r ;* > s- 1 | fr 1 r 4 4 i IS j S r 1 r- r- H I r * 1 3 :? > I- 4 4 r- r-rH s - 1 o r- ~ H at fc * 1 S ss J p | 8"- 88 s Cs t- P O r- - O - Cv If i rH f r 1 e 1 1- 4 S a ) r> 1 s - 3 r- r- CM C' C * 1 1 5 1 " > > CO -* s rH p- V L- c co a -- t- . ^ II V 55 > r t 1 r- gw 8 '> er 3C r" r- u- g \ " * I C 1 S - % > f | | I r- I- r- r- r- C i J_ ) 5 7 1 '-' > r- a so u- 1 r- M \ "~ t ) 3 t- -l i 00 3 M *e i ^ M - ? u- r- 4 1 S 8 S ^ ' ^ |H t " 1 I ce t- 8 S T r" ' 5 ' CXI ~. rH p ? - " i S OJ ^ 4JI CO M ir - t- r 1 CXI CO - r- \ Jo 1 . CXI g .01 ! CXI rH C r- r- S vo P . ^ 1C rH 1C "~ r^ r- t- ** 53 ? r- c r- ? R T fe'* q s C^ r- ^ rH g ec i rH iC 3 *| ^ i X 1 C r- t- CO *fl S - ic = 1 1 - 1 1 ' E 3 DIstric ngary ... i s . . teg onalitles . 03 j 2 ;= > = fi d > I -s. 41 t- I = a w > i r fl" > * * t *f t- 50 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. O t rH t- -t X CO 95 r-t i i i C4 00 C ift C > ~ - 1 1 1-1 1 1 C*l if 00 r SIN rH t" f-t ift -^ C3 ^rH '? q ii rH CO rH i- rH CO 00 -* <> T i> r-l jg& .* ^5 I fO N -^ i^ O * 0) 4) a i -M if rH IN i -* 28" SsJ^S r- S3 rH t* 53 W I> N c^ -* E V rH *> "*****<"' ce ss A I 1 d -J 1 i = c -S I rHrH CO M rH \ 1 ~ < rH (M Ifl IBr- 7 U s C <0 5 o D <; o 1 ^ !] 1 Ift r-* co 3! - X s I as s o . IN N eq iS'rH'^H' Cj 7? i) 1 rH~ ? rH~ ^5" IN ?i' _l E a = - CD i CD Hj* rH 5 SCO !" * CO * gj W rn US rH S jQ | NNNN IN e^ e^ n M e tvi 1 TJ C (0 S 10 rH r- 28 !<0 rH so sS o w I* -< rt rn" N rn" * O3 iNINCOCOi-ilftlr-'*! rH r-i CO Ol rH rH e, rH re > s CO Ci Lfi st:aS3 rH B CO 2 cog O5t t rHlESrHCl^S r- 00 IN ffl g g , = - w a 5 1 2 s a j aliEli / fl '''^eo 31 i 1 "* 'c S.2|s fe g |fe 5-g s |2 > n 9 iM 2 v M r^rH -*- i !ncOc^ ^ SS fa = -c ^ S # -S " B *S ^ppG-*-O St-tjCj-C;" SaiHPc?; - 80 r- w a o oo ao i- O O r-t | | CD ( O *~ 3 S ! j ~ T- ^ CO ** cc * S 2 * S $ ** 3 00 iS S " CO 3 W **- g ^rnrH^^rn^ S " H 1 ~ t t?t ^ ifi rH r- n .e I O3 1-1 A rH HT CQ a i r-^rH M g rH I * r-i M t- CO te* ~" * 00 * 00 * S rH *. 1 c > i Statee nntionalitie >.nort. . - , i i o > 1 J I m 1 1 ft ^ i n ? H y_ T S * JS 5- HOfiOlH H rJqSPt3Or'5 P. y 52 COMMUNITY SURVEY OP LOS ANGELES. ft l -, r-1 (N CC rH S8 gj NN 5 S " * fe * 5 "- 1 * ^ "fc i J i j 1 ifi i OO CO i IO 5 1 1 t t | : i . 10 - | * * IN to i o os gl 1 fc* o ! rH ift rH os* t-Kj ,-iinr-iei-HOsr-i 33 w- CO .JJ I i- rH W r- rH t OS s- Cb COiarH-*^WM-r V 00 o> a I V u o i-H CO IH - ^ ODNrHN^rHMCOW-^ B i a. 1 ; * iH 00 ago t-*.t- jioMiAoesr. 5 5 ! O ** UJ si r- n N 00 i- a to r- SI CilOSOrHCSXOCCt Q0i i C5 CO rH X ! ns 1 O 8 00 f r- t^ | M1>*O5rHOOrH-^CCl>-rHC5 CO 1 r-i rH &1 3 1 JgJ -a -1 M B I o c a 1 "* rH M ft, rt ^Wr. l a * D c (a 5 00 J, ? I M M * Jl N rH j I i-l 11 00 UJ "c ' ' m "5 e IN 00 IS r- rH s co oo [ * eo t- N rH ! X a g . .. i n' (N N ** !B B "3 4^ 3MX3>,S5&|S3pC 5o ^"^-St-iaj^w^^^p COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 53 n i pi t- I 8 c 1 C s- r- g5 r- *"* a rH * rH 8 s 8 C rH r- 1- * ^ 5- 1-1 O IB iH 00 fe * CO a O 1 "4* rH 8"= S r- 6S r- ^5 Ob 8 co 10 la T- ^J t S r- s C r- S2 *~ IN 00 CO S 3 * F 2 *" ?Sd ct rH rH CO 2 t*. rH rH rH IN 1 8 or VO !T r- rH CO IN < II rH re? i S QC $ Gs M CO CM rH rH 8 - s S-r --S COOQCCCOOO 3ai^ Bt-gaSSB SKSS"8 fe fel 8 is -o ^ -3 c ^ U ^H Q, 10 S " "o " -vS'""* I-H 1 a 5 ~ g llgl 31 in fri M * - " * S >f C > 9 M 9 * ll CO CS Cs rH rn O t^ r- rH i-i s ^a g rH * " . I S e * * 1 B >> 1" *,| CO rH rH CO M o c- ^*o .a ftn 'O CJ*p ^ s -' Bi a O 03 S "C . fc C -." C--; J, 1 n CO M C f .*? S .C " J2 s ! rH* S a* E 1 lir |*rf C a: *TTCJ tl O *- 2 III P K =^A! r- CO CO N W r-t CC -* 5> 3i& " fr4 ^ o "O ^ -" .i C O C :'*' S - a c ^- is : ^ 3 re _ c; * x -^ ^ CO N 00 S f ^~ : S S^ = 1 "3 SIO r-t iH * t> ei a^ O T" ^ hf JI * ^ i *O * Q. "= ^S*' -ffl t^ig M-ODCOt-TllrH p W 00 lO r-i g Oi CO S rt - 1 ni E ~ ? "C & , ? "' WMI - >>&% i ii S J Jg _l m a . MK a 00 >, 3^ .sc| ^ 1 .co^co^. SrH t^ |-t O M O r-* 00 rH rH t* ?0 N ^ rH *~ " ^ ^-S^ fc^is a ~ ~ ~ s^ I && L. B "5 J: 3 -S ~" o JJr^' 3>, COCOCMCO^OO ^ tft rl rH CC IO ** rf O) r- r- rH - - OaS 5*' " -- "E "5 * x s; ^ = be cc C ^ r* c S fe S ^"a) | ' ^ it o " -cX2 c w "^: 5 i CSl CO s i S | |J S= & . -a r-rH.rn. Q |x o ^-"3 *'| 6 Sfgl a f 5 W rH CO 5 -|5 ^=^ ^-3 s tf-^a > s-S-gf-So Jj^ 5 | COrH.rH. ev LJ ^ a'x^^l 1^ ^s ss^ So? CO rH CO . fe^^^Ja g, ^'5 !C *" fe - 5 | tt - 1 i 1 g.'g JS wig.C'u-^ *, 3 1C r- C CC Cs ift -*J< r- i-H

> J3 >> < ^""^^ "^^C C I aT 1 ' Distr Austria-Hungai British Isles .. flhtad 1 \ P. I u 1 > c 1 c s * o .2 QQ ^~J Of > * g 2 4'S* 1 - c n ^ ** S |l* ! D ls C/J _ O - - . - i ' -o & o c - - ? ** O S ^ 5 r? \2 O ?5 Pn < ^-^ ^. France -.. Germany .. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION" AND HOUSING. 57 s S S 8 8 8S r4 O ^" s S88 gs s 1-4 ia M iH f* r^ ' A oo =0 . 8 o - CM - O rH r- g P. r-. S" oo M - iH CO r- lA CM CM X ,* rt R X -d 8Q rH |- rH r-t ^1 e r- c; w "?' i= .-I i 5 i r- W I-H X -s 8 ec .-I o c 5 w CD r- CO r- w e C- . - - 00 >: i- -r .-. 71 1 e> - r- -,- 00 f v ^ s . CD r4 10 rH C-l C a f .1 | a A I > 5 r > n- ? y i X * **3 r 1 > 1 1 = - -M ll 1 * 1 i K d a > S o dSslb'sA. a*^apo ssgE$ftkl3S-J a 37:j=cSoii33=o o < - ^ ^ - ~ -5^3 asr- u>c& HP, ii ar~aSx ^t-js^5aS.;i V S I C > o 9 5 1 . " op 00 |lt if 88S8S 55 S Si S ? E S "Z | "B OOrng.OrH s 1-1 00 I- .. 8SS?S - S ee a e> jfjgs OJ - ! * . | il M ^ rnrn N jt t- S IH CO i- [ - ta S 1 i " >* " CO B 1 - 1A - .COr, I- Y. 3^| rH B- . * M rH C: W t- W I rf""^ -^ - " rn c CO rH O CO W r- t^ CO CO ^.r. s-gl a rH M S M M * CO O 00 - H. M G 1 ,_ ; sis CO IA t- c te rH in i- M C Sr- r- -r rH f Ifsl CO CC rH rH (MM-* 3 ft

I -f IS S 5 V Tl Ifil . ^ co r- at E O i^ 1-1 M rH N &" ,-- 3 O i- t- in i co w e - ***?#* t~ K CO ~ S d 3 C > C : 1 5 O at "^ i o *J 53 tionaliti - E? ill D .3 ates --. tionaliti .2 c g C z o "a 55- o "5 ? ^ Q "S S . * E- ! Hill >, K-Slll fe ^ "5 S ~ S 3 C WH&OlZi PH If. nationalitios .. C i I \ ~ is (0 C 5 * "x 0) > = 1 States nationalities port ^ District VIII. a-Hungary ._ 1 Isles h c ^~'S*'SoQ'iS""r:" "o "S*^ C S^~'.* T( ffi " ^ *" ^2o8*^'np'cc t sZ5fc5?^3='=~- c^-^nSKP-io^ P, ^fioSoatSoafiSeo* ' 5 c o a >> x 1 1 3 1 f 8 1 . i a o c i-s -s ; GO COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. 1 c J? ' " sis 8 o g . 81 s Si m fc" si 'I 8S N 10 lO rH a -f t~ QC iH I-H Sf 1 ! . rH rH rH i CJ , e j IN 11 CO rH fc ct of 05 rH 0* * r- ^ CO - IN **-* '? - N I 1 ? - 00 p. 4i or 00 t: *s co 10 I -.^.o I g'paS 8 g s tf !* i- re 3 j tJ ^. X _o >> District VI TiirVoTr United States Other national No report i. - +J tx ^S be MS 03 0! "T *J -*^ 7" SS B^ 8 i l^J i j c < c. 1 i 1 |i c i a ii i- i a '{ 1 !J 1 ^ 2 5 !l I il il. "3*0 "an ~~ ^ 'w ^ ' ^icaS| "c+sO ^ r'n^tncj &O?; P4 < S O PH O COMMISSION' (IF IMMIGRATION AND Iiorsixi;. 61 sfeg 3M s ii,g g8 S I I i N i-i to F-H e N QC CO M (M S - - - f- 00 r- t* (M B t- r- ^^ O Or- s - (N O> s in I-H s* S rl t) i-l i- 8 - - 1 - CO i- i i i. | CO M O 00 CO Ift - . ^* as co 00 rn -t p C: V j CO r-i 1!> |H CO o o |H rH S ^ &1 F-* r- 10 eq 1-1 CO 53 - CO CO . o * co ft" & r-i S a 11! c 1^ ^ I - S > i United States Other nationalities V r nnrt ' ^ > 1 t r 1 c r | t! $ District XI. Austria-Hungary __ P.riHfih Tslns t Irance (iprmanv t >. " C -5 a c t I c > a 5 | .*" 5 +Z *; ||< Totals -. Pcrnentae-p i COMMUNITY Sl'RVEY OF LOS ANGELES. TABLE 4 Concluded. Totals for Eleven Districts Classified by Employment and Permanency of Service. SUMMARY. Nationality Totals Per cent regularly employed Austria-Hungary .. British Isles China France Germany Italy Japan Jews Mexico __ . Russia Turkey United States Other nationalities No report Totals 84 122 33 77 101 360 125 472 1,179 114 73 976 151 112 67.9 6Q.3 61.2 62.5 80.4 56.6 50.4 09.2 36.6 62.8 49 58.2 58.5 50 4,019 COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 63 Smallest number regularly employed, in order, are Mexicans, Turks. Japanese; largest number, Germans, Jews, Austrians. The total 54.5 per cent. Over one-half of the district employed only at intervals ! And the unemployment interval may be longer than the employed. The slogan of Los Angeles is, "The city where nature helps industry most." We must make it, "The city where industry helps humanity most." According to the classification, there are: 27.7 per cent in class 1. 32.1 per cent in class 2. 20 per cent in class 3. 14 per cent in class 4. 1.7 per cent in class 5. It is interesting to note that there are more in class 2 than in class 1. 64 COMMUNITY S1RVEY OF LOS ANGELES. UJ a Number of persons 5 No report r- t- IN ON rH 00 rH O CO 1 00 1 i i S ** S 1 in cc ia 10 plus CO IO rH 5 *" G to 10 Tl O t- ] e 1 to 5 w^ a **!" 3 W(N H 8 ^ Number of rooms 2 No report j CO N rH rH CO r- |Q I 9 1 S k- rH 00 (N * 00 10 S3- S^S 2 - 00 S rHOrn 2 frl c; | IN lrH C-. 3 i I- 1 I 1 rH rn Type of dwelling 1 No report CO CO (N IH CO ^ ^ e r ! g S Rooming "* S house , ^ tM t- a * ^ S^S S M IN s - - 1 Multiple 00 C 00 geo a i i IS 1 S i J: ir? C C j 3 3 -1 \\ ^ i- j ^ "* > 1 i : '- !{ ll United States - Oth;r nationalitiis No report - Totals . _ Percentage District II. Austria-Hungary Rrirish Tsl>s j C - t t> 1 C 1 C Is ^ -1 p a |i 1 ? United States - Othi'r nationalitil's COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 65 5? i *' 1 r H - t- CO i; H ; (M CO i jc. 13 CO CO OQ W ji - r t 1 ^ * O CO CO rt ~- - SM r. SCO i CO t- rH U c< rH 10 IO 00 CO 00 t- R I-! V- 8 c- f r rH Ift rH CO ft rH rH t-H rH 10 i-H rH -. r- 11 00 1 tl = = > a 33 II' t 3 X p- i i ier nationalities - C jj 1 Per cent a ee .. Dittrlct IV. >tria-Hungary .. X = I > B s > d 8 3 > ted States ler nationalities . 3 =. Totals Percentage .. 1:1 s a v III o g 5 - !-' = - c 5 o P | O C"i ^-t .sZl \ZESmZ ' PI O S H. 1 5 & c 5 nS o SPOS?; 66 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. TABLE 5 Continued. Totals Classified by Ownership of Homes, with Per Cents, Type of Dwelling, Number of Rooms and Number of Persons. * "o 1 No report P S 3 S M 50 fe H. ?1 1 i 10 plus CO rH 1 1 1 i CO -* S5 (M CO 1-H rH S - j i i 6 to 10 CO CO 5M rH C^ CN rH W W CO CO cO O t- 1ft r- OC 1 r- ^ 1 to 5 f la rH IS CO a a CO >a 8 CO * I "> a ,* s, co - -.-. r- , Number of rooms* No report ; r- CO I 1 co g a t- rH 53 * " 8 Nationality District V. AiiEtrlu.lHTiinirnrv D 2 '\ ! 1 4 : 3 ; c 1 i !> \ I C C t r 1 k- : > o ! i : ' - i 1 =. 1 < g .i I j: >- 1 J '1 'E u 2 ;; 1 | >- f t 1 C I a '- r C t 01 S r- J i. is i 8- ? 2 Turkey United States .. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 67 > I-H ' io co 1- I-H M -r Ob rH 5 rn IO r- 5 8 rH CO rH rH J o * H* o N S r- ^ 5? rH I-H * rt rn^, ,, 8 M '-' CO 1-1 rH- 1 ^ s " rH i K) * l-l I H 3 i " ! e> j a i" s ! i ' M i 1 i 1 * i -1 i j rH ^ i-H IN N rH a i-i > ~ a '= !i ^ i 1 ! y ; 'S C Other nationalities _ No rpnort. Totals ._ Percentage District VIII. , : L IJ / : _- '. / : C a : hi a 1*1 2 5 I, n . 1 P :SW si ISE |ju| ^ "5 5 o Totals Percentage . 68 COMMUNITY SURVEY OF LOS ANGELES. 7; o UJ .JS 2 I Y, No report CM ^ co IO CO O I C-l O j 00 N -* & 10 r IN r "* r .flCOgr -CO i - x -c :,: - - ? Cf C V ^t a. 10 plus 1-1 H r tH eo 8 6 to 10 T- *- !S ri *" 1 to 5 *- ? CO i- s if. S Number of rooms* No report-- l-H CO s . CO co Ift -^1 IS 7- r- r- Ifl CO t- ' 5 * A t- 1- 00 1- 1- 3 1 1 - 1 1-1 - CM ! CO 1 Type of dwelling* No report- f KS Cs | S CM CO r- i-c CM ^ t- T C-l CO ?1 "X IS -l CO 57 = ? oc " S r 5-" e Booming house t- CO 1 Multiple 1 family rl * B- s s CM I! P 2 * 1* i-' Homes No report *" rH CO rH CS1 i? CN 10 1 t- O * frJ 1 '" !? ? 3 ~ Renters Owiers , rt rn 00 r-l B J T-H r-l c 1 i > 5: ^ CJ | 1 i B H | Other nationalitlis _. O ^5 _ i i 0! = 1 ft District X. Austria-Hunearv . a G = f i > e s s c > C ? " r. -r. - ~. ? i. ~ .i J=~ Turkey .. _. L'llited States _. COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 69 ?! 1 53 - IN (N ! H i p * rt 00 CO CO as t- O frl CO 1-1 S CO ^ 7 "- 1 ae CXI 11 IH 1-H C-l 2 IH S CO in OS co C5 t- M eo M N c ! co j 1-1 8 - "- CO " - 1 ,H rH Ci 00 S N M (N E " -' 1 JJ " t- CO t- >* 1-1 i g s e-i s " co .- M B C-l N ri 8 ^ -! i-l CO cc B iH CO 00 1-1 j t-t J i i a - ft-i (M CO i- CO N CM c j- frl b- - e 05 JH a i- CO 1 3 * j S " ! M 00 8 ,- j co 00 e> | r t- M i-i -- coM S-l frj * d * 9 tl .- CI 71 g 50 ^ IS r- - "**>'- 88 2 *" rH " - 1-1 K * ~ ^H tl fe S a: : *. Z _a j = ! District XI. \n 20 5 102 280 . 2 13 1 12 49 Id COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 73 TABLE 6 Continued. Nationality ' 1 to 2 rooms 3 rooms Mora than 3 r .I)IM- No report- I to 2 persons- 3 to 7 persons. Mum than 7 persona 1 to 4 persons^ 5 to 8 persons. More than 8 persons 1 to 4 persons. , r > to 8 persons. More Uian 8 ' persons i District VIII. 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 1 5 36 I 1 2 ~8 20 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 1 18 ^ 1 China - - - R 1 France - - B 1 4 1 Italy . 21 ^ 2 1 2 1 11 S 4 1 22 1 1 5 108 3 2 7 Turkey -- -- - ..... 1 1 44 "ss l l "is' 1 14 3 Unitd States -- 199 18 5 6 1 30 ..... 2 2 Total* - 389 1 9 41 31 17 2 m 127 47 50 1 District IX. 1 i 2 22 1 i Italv .- 1 1 1 - 2 \5 2 1 1 Mfxiro 49 1 4 2 2 7 2 17 10 4 Turkev 2 2 1 ~ u 18 2 1 1 8 1 United States -- 4* 3 2 2 Xo report 1 Totals 129 18 4 6 1 2 4 12 20 2 2 1 52 10 1 8 2 14 1 1 7 15 4 4 13 District X. Austria-Hung'arv British Isle 11 44 3 1 3 1 7 1 China -- 1 1 3 1 Franc -- Germany .. 20 2 1 2 3 5 2 6 9 2 7 8 13 1 1 7 1 5 1 9 1 21 2 19 Italv 7 Tapan - 91 9 1 1 3 2 a Jews 18 Mexico 61 10 1 4 6 2 Russia . 2 . Turkey - 2 - - 1 1 35 2 8 118 United States 88 8 6 8 1 4 3 1 IS 8 11 4 Other nationalities No report 14 1 2 2 1 Totals . 360 1 10 41 3 18 2-2 2 39 70 1 99 District XI. Austria-Hungary ... British IsK* .... 2 2 China 6 I 1 4 3 France 12 2 1 - - 1 3 1 2 Germany 1 Italv 63 46 1 4 19 1 3 1 4