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BEERS SHORTHAND
COMPLETE TEXT
A System of Light Line Phonogra-
phy Adapted to Every Purpose
FOR WHICH Shorthand is Used
BY
JAMES W. BEERS
Second Edition — Revised and Re-engraved
NEW YORK
THE BEERS PUBLISHING COMPANY
1908
tntcred according to Act of Congress, in the year 1908 by
J. W. BEERS,
in the Office of Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C
Entered at Stationers' Hall, London.
Interim Copyright Registered at Ottawa According to
Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the Year 1908 by
J. W. BEERS, at the Department of Agriculture.
Registered with the Minister of the Interior, France.
Registered with the Ministry of the Interior, Spain and also other
Countries Subscribing to the Berne Convention.
Copyright, 1908, by J. W. BEERS.
6 ii s
>-
a:
CQ
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
I see no reason to change my views as stated in the
opening paragraph of the preface to the first edition.
Many very strong testimonials in favor of Beers
Shorthand have been received, but their proper place
is in the advertising literature, not in a text-book. The
strongest testimonial any book can receive, is the fact
that a second edition is required within a period of four
months from its first publication, a thing unprecedented
in shorthand publishing.
This edition is re-written, re-engraved (photograh-
ically, from my writing), revised and, as will be evi-
denced to those who examined the former edition, greatly
improved, not only in the text, but in the illustrations,
reading plates and in outline formation.
I W'Ould very much like to name the many who have
aided me by their words of encouragement, suggestions
and criticisms, but space forbids. There are two, how-
ever, whose labors in my behalf have been so great that
not to mention their names would be a gross injustice.
They are Mr. Albert S. Childs, Santa Barbara, Calif.,
a phonographer of thirty-six years' standing, who made
an exhaustive study of the entire work, and Fr. Celes-
tine Bache, 0. S. B., Professor of Shorthand, Typewrit-
ing and Elocution, St. Benedict 's College, Atchison, Kan-
sas, who not only made a study of the old text but in-
spected many of the proof pages of this edition, point-
ing out errors, making valuable suggestions and criti-
cisms, and to whose keen observation is due, to a large
extent, the accuracy of this edition. To these and to all
others who have aided me in any way, I tender my sincere
thanks.
J. W. BEERS.
New York, N. Y., July 22, 1908.
448513
PREFACE.
Life is too short to waste time in writing a long preface
and people are too busy to read one. The investigator
prefers to take what follows on which to base his judg-
ment, and the student had better be studying the inside
pages rather than be reading an author's words of self-
adulation.
However, a few words as to what the author regards
as comprising a system of shorthand worthy of adoption
may not be out of place. It should be, —
1. Perfeetl\^ legible.
2. Brief enough for the most rapid work,
3. Easy to write.
4. Not difficult to retain in the memory.
5. Provided with a sufficient number of signs
so that any word in the English language can be
written with absolute phonetic exactness if de-
sired.
The first requirement demands, (a) that the outlines
be such, that when quickly written, they will not degen-
erate into something differing from what was intended;
(6) the avoidance of two or more thicknesses of stroke,
hook, loop or circle; (c) that, regardless of where an out-
line stands, it must indicate the same word or words,
phrase or phrases; (d) that no two words or phrases
which could, by any possibility, clash in reading, be in-
4
Beers Shorthand. 5
dicated by the same outline; and, (e) that the vowel
signs be joined to the consonant signs.
The second essential requires, (a) that a sufficiently
large number of word-signs be provided for the words of
frequent use so as to render the common words very
quickly written; (&) that all words not generally re-
garded as belonging to the word-sign class be written
with as few strokes as possible without the promiscuous
dropping of terminations whenever a long word is writ-
ten, and, (c) that it be easily adapted to the formation
of brief phrase-signs.
The third requirement demands that, (a) shading be
eliminated; (&) vertical strokes and, as far as possible,
left-inclined, straight strokes, be avoided; (c) position
for outlines should not be utilized; (d) the writing of
minute characters, hooks within hooks, two lengths of
hooks and other similar devices should be discounte-
nanced; (e) the various signs should be appropriated to
the various sounds in such a manner as to make an obtuse
angle of rare occurrence; (/) the signs should be ar-
ranged so as to make the writing as nearly lineal as
long hand writing; and, (g) the pen movement should be
similar to what all are used to in ordinary writing.
The fourth essential requires that, (a) the number of
word-signs be limited; (&) there should be as few excep-
tions as possible, though no system has ever appeared
without them, and, doubtless, none ever will; (c) the
word-signs should be, so far as is possible, the first parts
of what would otherwise be the full outlines; and. (d)
the phrase signs should be suggestive of the various out-
lines for the words comprising the phrase.
6 Beers Shorthand.
The fifth requirement of a good system demands, (a)
that any vowel sound can be written by a sign that is
different from any consonant sign or other vowel sign ;
( b ) that any consonant sound can be indicated by a sign
different from any vowel sign or other consonant sign.
Beers Shorthand is the result of more than twenty-five
years practice and experience, and its author believes it
to measure up to the foregoing requirements. Whether
or not the public will take the same view, time alone can
determine.
Acknowledgments.
"Render to Caesar the tilings that are Caesar's."
That is a difficult command to follow in the shorthand
field for the reason that it is extremely hard to find out
just who was the discoverer or first user of any shorthand
principle. However, if we go back to those who made
the first successful use of any of the principles, it is far
enough. To that extent, I acknowledge my indebtedness
to Thomas Stratford Malone, for the idea of the forward
movement ; to Isaac Pitman for the use of several of the
principles of contraction, and to David Philip Lindsley
for the principle of limiting the use of compound signs.
New York, J. W. Beers.
March 25, 1908.
INTRODUCTION.
To THE Student.
If you are about to learn shorthand as an amusement,
then practice and study as you please, but if you are
learning it for the purpose of making some practical use
of it or to follow as a profession, then you must study
and practice systematically and with all the energy you
possess. Shorthand is not learned in a day or a week,
and the quicker you understand that it is going to take
hard work and plenty of it, the sooner will you be on the
road to success.
Lenrn the first lesson first; the second lesson next, con-
tinuing thus until the study of the principles of outline
and phrase formation are mastered. Never write, words
not given in the lesson at hand, or that have not been
previously given, or that are not furnished you by your
teacher. Many students like to look through a book and
write this or that word or phrase when they know noth-
ing of the principles employed in its formation, and in
that way form incorrect ideas and make wrong outlines,
and it is harder to correct the use of one incorrect out-
line than it is to learn ten new ones.
7
8 Beers Shorthand.
As to whether a pen or a pencil is used, depends
largely on the individual. In some classes of work a
pen will be necessary and, in other lines, a pencil will be
desirable. It is better to practice with a pen in either
ease, for it is easier to change from a pen to a pencil
than it is from a pencil to a pen.
A good pen to use is Gillott's number 404. A good
pencil is Dixon's Stenographer S. M. number 490. If a
pencil is used, provide yourself with a good quantity of
firm paper, without gloss. What is known as "'Machine
Finish " is a good grade. If a pen is used, then write on
a good grade of pen paper and do not attempt to write
on paper of less than twenty pounds weight to the ream.
In practicing for speed, select some article of about
five hundred words and write it over once. Then go
over it and correct all incorrect outlines, practicing each
individual outline many times, after which write that one
article at least one hundred times. Remember, it is bet-
ter to write one article one hundred times than to write
one hundred articles once each. It is the constant, per-
sistent practice on one article that brings speed. The
writing of miscellaneous matter once or twice never did.
Read everything you write and read it every time you
write it.
Make no effort to write rapidly in your early practice
nor until all the principles are thoroughly impressed on
your mind. Your first aim should be to write your char-
acters neatfy and as near the sizes of those shown in this
book as you can. Be sure to preserve the distinctions in
Beers Shorthand. 9
the length of consonants and in the sizes of the hooks and
circles.
Study, practice and persevere and success is yours.
The Illustrations
All the illustrations and reading plates in this book
were reproduced photographically from copy written by
the author. They have not the exactness that would be
seen in outlines drawn to a scale but undoubtedly they
are better examples for the student's guide than drawn
outlines would be, for they show how shorthand appears
in actual work when written by a careful writer.
FIRST LESSON.
The Alphabft.
Sec. 1. Consonants. — {a) The following are writ-
ten from left to right:
Ic "g^ R L N M
(/>) The following are written upward:
T D Sh Zh (as heard in azure. )
Sec. 2. Instructions on the Above. — i. Endeav-
or to make the strokes about the size of the engraved forms.
2. Do not make an effort to form perfect curves, or
rather, do not try to make the curves the shape of an arc of
the circle, but allow the pen to trace the line with an easy
movement similar to the movement in ordinary writing.
3. While no effort is to be made to make accurate
curves, j^et, on the other hand, an effort should be made to
write neat characters. Avoid allowing them to become distort-
ed. Because some people, in writing longhand, and a few,
in writing shorthand, form the various signs out of all sem-
blance to their original shape, is no reason why you should
do likewise.
4. The sign given for G indicates the hard sound as
heard in bug, give. When soft, as in gem, J is used, for the
reason that, in shorthand, we write by sound, omitting all
silent and double letters.
10
Beers Shorthand.
11
Practice the following outlines until you can write them as
accurately as the engraved forms;
Sec. 3. Vowel Signs — First Series.
The following are portions of small ellipses formed
with a pen movement made in the same direction that is
taken by the hands of a watch. Hereafter, when speaking
of this motion, we will term it the regular motion. The
four signs in EACH column are to be made of equal size.
•o i as in ill
'I. e as in egg
^, a as in alley
-? i as in die
The Regular motion :
■^ e as in eat
'O. a as in ate
-^^ a as in ark
^r oi as in oil
»^
12 Beers Shorthand.
Sec. 4. Remarks on the Vowel Signs.
1. Notice that the short sounds of i, e and a are Indi-
cated by the smaller signs.
2. Observe that ache is written with but two signs a
(long) and A'. This is because shorthand is written phonet-
ically.
3. The diacritical marks in connection with the vowel
signs are used to indicate the exact sound. In general prac-
tice, these little marks are seldom written, but they should
be thoroughly memorized so that when they are needed they
can be inserted without any hesitation.
Practice the following:
Sec. 5. Variation in Direction.
1. When joining any of the preceding vowel signs to
a consonant sign, the vowel may be turned so as to open in
any direction, provided it is always formed with the regular
motion.
2. This rule permits of very frequently writing a vowel
and a consonant with a single inflection of the pen by allow-
ing the vowels to form hooks on the consonants, according
to the following directions:
Beers Shorthand. 13
{a) Either of these vowel signs may be written as a
hook on the final end of any consonant sign previously given
or that is given elsewhere.
{h) Any of the first series of vowel signs may be writ-
ten as an initial hook on any consonant sign except A', G, P,
B, T, D, F, rand n.
Rem. The large vowel signs are seldom written on the back of a
short curve and never on the back of T/i.
Practice the following many times:
^ ^^
Sec. 6. Word-Signs.
A word-sign is a word-outline from which one or more
of the prominent sounds are omitted. Such signs are provid-
ed for all words of frequent occurrence whose outlines would
be too long for rapid writing if written in full.
Many of the outlines in the following and subsequent
lists, as it, in, above, are, do, etc., are not, correctly speaking,
word-signs but merely unvowelized outlmes. All such are
included to enable the student to become accustomed to the
appearance of outlines of frequent occurrence in the exercises.
The student must practice all such outlines until he is
so familiar with them that he can recall instantly the outline
of any given sign-word and be abk to write it with accuracy
and without perceptible effort.
14
Beers Shorthand.
When two or more words are indicated by the same
sign, they are such as will not conflict in reading. Two
words, the same parts of speech, should never be indicated by
the same outline lox no amount of context could be depended
upon to indicate, with certainty, which of the words were
intended.
When a hyphen is used between parts of words, it means
that the portion of the word before the hyphen is Indicated
by the accompanying sign, and, also, the entire word. Thus,
in the following list is given iG for ignorant-ce, which means
that the same sign may be written for ignorant or for igno-
rance, the context determining which part of speech is in-
tended.
Sec. 7. First List of Word-Sjgns.
a, an or and
" — act
— > any
.-^ are, or or our
sometimes right or write
-73 came or car
—3 can or kind
call, could or country
^^ difFer-red, different,
difference
^ do or dollar
^-^ duty
, give, go or good
'^ or 1/ J
o if
-5 ignorant, ignorance
V in, no or know
^ it or to
__^ like
make, may or am
^" — ^ sometimes me or my
— , - regular-ity
(^ shall or shalt
^ we
^ . will or well
Jea
die
Beers Shorthand.
Outlines for Practice.
tie shy tick ^t^g
15
alloy
tide limb lame gill shell lied deem
sham keg lack dish gear rack dally
dell gash died add ail oil egg alley
Reading Exercise.
. ?
SECOND LESSON.
,TnE Alphabet — Continued.
Sec. 8. Consonants. — (a) The following are
written downward:
I I r r J J )
P B Ch J F V Z
L ^ r or J \
W Y Th Ng
(^) //is indicated by a "tick" struck upward or
downward; S is usually indicated by the small circle, but,
occasionally, by the sign that is companion to the Z-stroke.
/ or ^ o or )
H S
Sec, 9. General Instructions on the Consonants.
1 . The signs for Th are made very small, as is also the
sign for //.
2. The sign for Th as in them, rather^ is written
downward, and for Th as in thin, both, may be written up-
ward if nicety of phonetic indication is desired. In practice,
however, the signs are used interchangeably, that form, right
or left; upward or downward, being chosen which secures the
best angle with either a preceding or a following stroke or
both, always remembering that Th (and also //) must unite
16
Beers Shorthand. 17
with another consonant at an angle in all cases.
3. The sign for / indicates the sound heard (twice) in
jud^e. In the word gem^ for instance, we do not write GeM
but JeM. The sign for J (pronounced y'^jj) always indicates
the soft sound as in Just, and the sign for G (pronounced ^^j)
always represents the hard sound as in go.
4. Notice that T, D, S/i and Z/i are struck upward and
P, B, F, V, Ch and / are struck downward. It is natural for
the hand to give more slant to the upward than to the down-
ward strokes. When either of these signs stand alone it is
the slant that determines which is to be read.
5. When T or D is immediately preceded or followed
by K or G, the angle will be easier to form if /ess slant is giv-
en to the 7- or Z)-stroke.
6. When S/i follows A^ or jM, as in finish, famish, it
may be written downward without danger of conflict with Ch,
and thereby overcome an inconvenient consonant junction.
7. When a (as in at) precedes P, B or IV it is indi-
cated by the diacritical mark, thus: ^ abuse, \j — awoke.
Practice the following many times:
Sec. 10. Vowels — Second Series.
The following vowel signs are the lower portion of an
ellipse struck in the direction" contrary or 'cfposite to the
18
Beers Shorthand.
direction in which the hands of a watch move, which will
hereafter be termed the reverse motion.
C-~
'<^ o (IS in odd
f. u as in jug
<^/ o as in book l^
^r u as in few 4
The Reverse motion:
c^ a as in paw -l,
Cf o as in beau ^
c^ o r/. /;/ boom 4-—
<^ ow as in cow — ^
Sec. 11. Concerning the Second Series.
Observe —
1. That the signs in EACH column are of equal
size and that those in the second column are portions of
an ellipse about twice as large as the one from which
those of the first column are formed.
2. That but one is written in the outline for l/oom.
As there is but one sound of in the word, only one
should be indicated in the outline.
S. Refer to Sec. 4, Rule 3. It applies with equal
force to this series. However, during the learning per-
iod, the marks should be inserted with all long vowels
and especially with the diphthongs i, oi, u and ow.
Practice the following many times:
/ ^
/ / /
y /
Bei:rs Shorthand. 19
Sec. 12. Variation in Direction.
1. The signs of the second series of vowels may open
in any direction, provided they are turned with the revcue
motion.
2. The abovC'rule obviates angles and strokes by per-
mitting a vowel sign to form a hook on a consonant stroke
according to the following directions;
{a) Either of the second series may be written as a
final hook on any consonant sign.
{b) They may form initial hooks on any of the con-
sonants except that the small signs cannot be prefixed as
hooks on K and G.
(c) REMEMBER, the signs of the saon^l series are
turned with the reverse motion, thereby forming the hooks
on the side of a consonant opposite from the hooks made
by the first series of vowel signs.
Practice the following many times:
-^ c^^ c^ c^ ^ J J
i^-
[^
Rem. Observe that when a vowel sign is not joined to another
sign, it must retain its alphabetic direction as otherwise there would be
no way to determine to which series the sign belonged.
Sec. 13. Position of Outlines.
It is not necessary to use ruled paper, but if such is
used, the method to be followed is: if all strokes are h'jriz.on-
20 Beers Shorthand.
tal, the entire outline rests on the line. If some of the strokes
are inclined^ the first inclined stroke rests on the line.
If ruled paper is not used, this rule should be observed
as regards an imaginary line. It not only adds to the appear-
ance of the writing but renders its execution easier.
v^-
Sec. 14. Punctuation.
The ordinary marks of punctuation are the same as in
longhand writing. For distinction's sake, the dash is made
a wavy line, — ^; the hyphen is doubled, --^^j parentheses
are crossed, ( )
Proper names should be underscore 1, -u^ -u - John
Baum, ^:<3:::^4c::^1jCI?-a^'<^^ ^- ^- ^^^'^i' Lake-
wood, Idaho.
Sec. 15. Illustrating the Use of Vowel Signs.
lap chug shape
ree
rag
eddy Edna merry heel keel dairy
Beers Shorthand.
21
bum
shade
eat
owed
wad
ilk
beak boil
leave
sheathe
load
view
pay
C-
r—
■X^
joke
thick
feed
I
shadow dig laugh
/ A. ^ r^ r^ n-
fad shake shaggy shell
hack hog moth thug
Sec. 16. Second List of Word-Signs.
(^ change or which
_j come
^ done
2 follow
J for or form
> gone
about
/ above
( advantage
c all
, — . allow
c^-^ already
/ be or by {occasional-
ly been)
before
/ began
/ begin-ning
/ ^ begun
J better
J
had
have or very
/ he, him or the
<— . hear, here or her
V how
^ inform-ed
II
Beers Shorthand.
o IS or as {^occasionally,
his or has)
^-^ known tr none
V p much
/ never
/ object
t, of
^^ one or won
/ opportunity
^ order or would
c/ out
.' '' pleasure
/ popular-ity
/■^ should or issue
/- than or then
r that
J they &/- them
\^ thing or think
/ up OK hope
^ who-m
^ with
^ you
^ your or year
Sec. 17. Change in the Shape of Vowel Signs.
A vowel sign may be inclined toward the stroke on
which it forms a hook for the purpose of making an easier
junction with a following stroke.
In no case can the following stroke cross the preceding
stroke.
Illustrations.
liege fowl sheep deep bowed
^
viewed
Rem. I. In a few cases the vowel sign may be disjoined and
placed near the consonant to which it belongs.
Rem. 2. As a great many vowels may be omitted with entire
safety, the exercise of the rules in Sec. 17 and in Remark i, above,
is very seldom necessary. See hush, attach, under Sec. 15.
Beers Shorthand.
Outlines for Practice.
23
r
5 ^^ ^ >'^^ o<- l^ h^ A^ L . A- /
t l^ /y^ ^ I. , C (?— -^ L •
Key to Outlines for Practice.
1. bee bay boy bow ebb pie pay edge joy jaw fee foe vow
2. vie view ache eke coy egg gay guy car row
3. roe rye ail eei oil lay lea lie aim
4. mow May toe tie oat aid odd day doe
5. die she show ash book beak bake bum peak pig
6. poke joke Jake foam though tliuj lath bung
J /
Reading Exercise.
J
24
Beers Shorthand.
THE COMPLETE ALPHABET OF
BEERS SHORTHAND.
Consonants.
The following are written from left to rig_ht:
K
The following
T
G R L
are written upward:
N
M
D
Sh
Zh (as heard in azure)
The following are written downward:
/
P
/ /
B Ch
W
F
V
)
z
Y
Th
Ng
Variable :
H
>7 1 as in
^. e as in
■^, a as in
■^. i a' in
'<^ o as in
<^. u as in
<^/ o «j^ in
^c U <7J /«
s
Vowels.
ill
egg
alley
die
odd
jug
book Irr-
few /
■^ e as in eat
'^l a as in ate
'^z a as in ark
'^/ oi as in oil
•<> a as in paw
a o as in beau
c; o ^j^ 7« boom
<: ow as in cow
•^
/
/
Copyright, 1907, by J. W. Beers.
THIRD LESSON.
Indicating ^S" and Z.
Sec. 18. (a) The stroke form for Z is used when Z
is the first consonant in a word, as in eascn.ent, zeal, and, {b)
when Z is the last consonant in a word and is FOLLOWED
BY A VOWEL, as in busy, /lazy, dahy.
(c) The stroke form for .S" is only used when preceded
by an initial vowel that would be difficult to write in connec-
tion with the circle, as in essence, where the use of the circle
would require forming it on the back of a curve. Also, when
5 is followed by a SHORT, final vowel, as in mercy, embassy,
the stroke form is always used. This final vowel is omitted
except in the outlines for proper names.
{d) In practically all other cases, the circle is used to
indicate either S or Z.
{e) Usually, the circle is turned on the inside of a curve
and is added to straight strokes with the REGULAR motion.
Illustrations of the Preceding Rules.
() cousin mask vesper misty chastise
~f ^ J^ ^.^ ,,_^
(c) gasp task . bestow desk accede
(//) cask dusty bespoke decide
(e) say seed noose soil suit sayeth
Sec. 20. License in the Use
OF THE Circle.
The circle is very frequently attached to a stroke, omit-
ting the intervening vowel in words of frequent occurrence,
such as f^ce, seen, pass, does, said, etc., and in long outlines,
such as disobey, desert, vessel, etc. In case of any danger of
the resultant outline conflicting with some word-outline that
does not have an intervening vowel, the proper vowel should
be inserted and the circle written inside the vowel. See the
outlines for keys, views, space, below. Compare keys and
case.
28
Beers Shorthand.
Illustrative Outlines.
reside smote spoke stick said seed
case keys base bows seen seems
its some or same safe saves toss such
famous jaws sawed beasts sought suffice
sung tax notice spell smoke synagogue
basin bosom lesser mason dozen fasten
Sec. 21. Third List of Word-Signs.
y^ assist-ed, assistance
/ ^ because
J business
- J—^
^
^
30
Beers Shorthand.
Key to the Preceding Outlines.
1. desk dusk task does days said set misty dusty
2. hasty spoke spike basin mason bison sleep smack
3. sadness scales slur {or slower) slowness just chased digests snap
4. severe boss vesper obeys bums sense seems sobs seeds pass passed
5. passive miss missing sings sway sweep swish seeks lease slays
6. last least lost suppose supposing smites gasps chasm
7. leads sneer slave smooth elusive missile ensign
8. massive receipt message husk hissed evasive safety feels ceramic
9. positive obelisk nuisance despair post pieced psalm alms
Sec. 22. Phrase Writing.
By "Phrase Writing" is meant the joining of two or
more words in one outline. For the present, the student
should join only such combinations as are shown in the fol-
lowing examples:
/^
r
7^
■3
It may
in whom
they should
could suggest
for some
give us
this may
could be done
we do
which is in
with as
how will
how do
-y
r^
-/
to be
how shall
he will
he could
may have
in some
if our
do we
shall it
it is in
in order
all is-h-as
it is possible
Beers Shorthand.
Reading Exercise.
>' J-- ^v^ ^
31
;;^ ' J-.
- >-
o^ / - £^ ^ /^
r
) If the outline for the singular ends in a small cir-
cle, the plural is formed by enlarging the circle except where
the circle has been added to a vowel sign. In such instances
a second circle is written. See piece, pieces; pose, poses, below.
(f ) With the outlines for such words as basis (sing.)
and bases (pi. ) the plural form is distinguished from the sin-
gular by writing a dot within t'le circle. See in the following
Illustrations :
/ ^ ^ J ^ ^
objects advantages dollars hopes gives makes
—-D ~^ <^ 4 >^ -4 a ef
gzze gazes pose poses piece pieces basis bases
Sec. 25. The Reverse Circle.
At the beginning of straight strokes, the circle is turned
with the REVERSE motion to add r, thus:
; /
/
/
c^ 0_-
Q
sP sPr
sB
sBr
sK sKr
sG
sGr
6^ c^
c^
o^
r o^
/
sT sTr
sD
sDr
sprig strip
supper
o-^
/
<-
A
^^
sadder s
sober
seeker
bespread
destroy
34 Beers Shorthand.
(h) A circle at the final end is reversed to add r, thus:
passer boxer elixir guesser
Rem. The circle is not reversed to add R when the R is followed
by another stroke that cannot be joined without crossing the stroke on
which the circle is written, thus ^^ — is TsK, NOT TsrK; — 7^
is GsP, NOT GsrP.
Sec. 26. The Termination SAun.
The termination sAun (spelled variously, tion, dan, sion,
etc. ) is indicated by writing a small circle and extending the
line across the stroke, shaping it like a small hook, to which
a small circle may be added to form the plural or possessive.
If s precedes s/iun, as in poSitlon, the circle is enlarged.
The vowel preceding s/iun is usually omitted, but if it is
needed, the sAun-hook is written on the vowel sign. In out-
lines where it is essential that the vowel be inserted, and s/iiin
is preceded by s, as in cJUSation, the s is omitted, as the
writing of a large circle in a vowel sign is not permitted.
Illustrations.
J
vision option relation accession mission
Ol ^ — ^ oL-^ '^ — ^ c7^
potion missionary visionary missions opposition
Sec. 27. The Reversed Shun-WooY^.
The ^//w«-hook is made with a reversed motion on straight
strokes and on the hack of curves to add I, thus:
educational optional additional national emotion.al
tr
J
1 -o
2 ^-^
Beers Shorthand.
Sec. 28. Fourth List of Word-Signs.
consist-ed
describe-d
description
dissatisfy
dissatisfaction
dissimilar-ity
express-ed
expression
formation
information
inspection
Mrs.
necessary
objection
35
I observe-ation
y publication
0/ reformation
''"^ — 6 regulation
--^r resist-ed-ancc
y satisfy-ied
satisfaction
signification
subjection
subordinate
subordination
suggestion
suspect
unnecessary
7
/
/
r
9
OuTLiNKs FOR Practice.
^^ c^ J J 'V /^ ---fc' ^.^^ ^ _^ ^
c/-^ c^
36
Beers Shorthand.
Key to Outlines for Practice.
1. cases guesses passes basis vases spaces synopsis offices emphasis
molasses success
2. paralysis decisive races necessity dances chances diseases residences
successive season
3. emphasizes scratch sadder sober supper scrub soprano sprains
supercede sacrifice destroy
4. action caution occasion fashion vision eruption portion decision
addition election function
5. location physician physicians devotion permission substitution
superstition ammunition
6. munition eviction vocation nation mission nations missions national
occasional
Sec. 29. Phrases.
will consist
my information
it is necessary
no object
some object
he said
they said
some satisfaction
will say
said to be
they express
have said
the same description
satisfy you
my observation
a subordinate
/
/-ff^ because it is
^ they say
subject to inspection
for us
Z^ because they have
^ — they signify-ied
/^ that signified
2
V
my purpose
had been suggested
your resignation
Beers Shorthand. 37
Reading Exercise.
V ^ - ^ ^^ — J- ^ <^ — ^ -
,- — ^^ Q— ' . • ,3/^-^ — ^^ <^ - ^"'^ ^"—6 v^ /^ t^
^„^ _ V, p OS /^ £^ c c/ .T_g . ^ / -'sr^'^ ^
^ ^. y / ^ --^-'''^ .^ r <.-(> ^ X ^ -
c ^ 2. ^ V .^. ^ ^-^ ^ //-"
_ ,. , / .^^-^"^ ^ C-t^ ° "^ — p ^ '^*^ '^ / •
448513
FIFTH LESSON.
Sec. 30. The Loops.
(a) A small loop Is made at either end of a stroke (if
it is not otherwise modified) to prefix / at the beginning of
an outline or to add / or ^ at the end of an outline. The
loop rs occasionally used when a long vowel occurs between
the stroke and the added / or d, and frequently when a short
vowel intervenes.
(b) The loop is lengthened to add ed as in lifted.
(c) The 5-circle may be added to a final loop by turn-
ing the circle on the opposite side of the stroke.
(d) R (er, ir, or) may be added to tlie small loop
by turning a hook on the opposite side of the stroke, and s
is added to this hook by making a small circle within the
hook.
The loop is made inside of curves and with the regular
motion on straight strokes.
Illustrations,
/• _ ^ ^ /7 ^
(a) touch let debt met devote wet
J ^ ^ ^ ^
{h) voted devoted mated (f) lets devotes
38
Beers Shorthand. 39
J>^ ^ J ^^ n^ ^-^
debts rates bets (d) letter reporter letters
Sec. 31. Medial Loops. — It is occasionally convenient
to make the loop between strokes, but in all such cases the
second stroke must not cross the first, for in that case there
would be no way of distinguishing between the ^-circle and
the t-J-\oop as in writing the circle between certain com-
binations of strokes, as between B and T, it assumes the loop
form.
Carefully compare the followin<> examples:
notary motley Vs-L, ne/ Vt-L; Bs-D, « L^ L-^ 6-53 L^ ^^-tfj v,-^ «^_,tfj •— <5>
Beers Shorthand. 41
Key to Outlines for Practice.
1. tag tack top tub ten bet pet debt repeat rebate rivet
2. deemed permit omit bereft lift shaved locked racket
3. docket tact picked pocket balked backed met net smut rate
4. let pushed ditched dodged attached thatched patched edged
rushed matched mobbed
5. tilled lodged raged wretched tart budged paved bailed billed font
6. vivid volt shamed escheat assumed zealot assert mated voted faded
7. matter letter waiter voter chatter gutter cater bitter debtor permitted
8. permits laughter charter matters letters voters fetters devotes
veteran bend or bent
9. tent bends tents patent portent distant potent ardent trade trip tribe
Sec. 34. Phrase Writing.
The joining of from two to four word-forms in a single
outline not only increases the writer's speed, but, if indulged
in judiciously, makes the writing more legible. There is
something about an outline that represents several words that
makes it difficult to read as indicating a single word. The
reason for this peculiar feature of a phrase sign is owing to
the fact that it is not easy to make a -single word take the
place of the several and yet retain the sense of the sentence.
No set of rules can be devised that will apply to all cases
and conditions, but the following general rules should al-
ways be taken as guides to correct and safe phrase writing:
1. Join only the outlines of words that are connected
in sense; that is, the words should be such as are not
separated by a pause, not even by a rhetorical pause.
2. Never join outlines that form difficult angles.
3. Do not, except in special cases, connect more
than four words in one outline.
4. NEVER join the outlines of proper names or of
technical words to other outlines.
5. Do not join outlines that would carry the pen more
than the length of a 5-stroke from the line of writing.
42
Beers Shorthand.
Sec. 35. Phrases.
/ . they go
^ go about
- — <~^ give me
^—^- will seek
--^ will satisfy
(-/ they possess
o^ some basis
^-->-X) in excess
•^^—^ they met
he devotes
they admit
express rates
/'-^^
be admitted
can execute
could execute
to execute
will execute
may execute
will assist
! — ^^ . — <=" O /^
SIXTH LESSON.
Compound Signs.
Sec. 37. There is a large class of words in which two
consonants unite as a compound sound, as bl in bloiu; tr in
trace; cl (kl) in class; fr in fresh, etc., and it is desirable that
such combinations be made with one stroke of the pen.
The following table should be thoroughly memorized
and practiced. While, in each case, the outline resembles
the character for one of the constituent sounds, yet the stu-
dent should learn them as signs representmg combined
sounds, and not as modifications of the alphabetic characters.
Sec. 38. Table of Compounds.
; 7 ; 7 ^ ^ ^ c^
Pr PI Br Bl Kr Kl Gr Gl
y ^ J J ^ ^ .^ ^
Fr Fl Vr VI Nr Nl Mr Ml
Tr Tl Dr Dl Wr Wl Shr Shi Thr
Illustrations.
T^ T- L Z^
prayer plague brain blame crush clash
44
Beers Shorthand.
45
2^
frame
trace
dress
grow gloss frame raffle flame
-^ <7
reaper driver rumor trainer middle warm insure
Rem. I. Some of the above as Vr, Dl, are not compounds
for the reason that they never occur in English without an inter-
vening vowel, but by using them, convenient outlines are obtained
for many words. In analogy with this, any of the compound
signs may be used where a short vowel intervenes, especially in
words of two or more syllables.
Rem. 2. The student will now see why, in Sec. 5, 12, it was for-
bidden to write the vowels as initial hooks on certain of the consonant
signs. In the case of M and N, when Mr, Ml, Nr or Nl are the first
consonants in a word, the compound forms cannot be used, except in
a few outlines, all of which exceptions are given among the word-signs.
Except with the word "on," an initial vowel is prefixed to M and^by
a hook. The vowel in "on" must ALWAYS join at an angle.
Rem. 3. In writing a compound form, always begin at the hook end.
Sec. 39. Circles in the Hooks.
The small circle may be written in any of the preceding
hooks, but it is not allowable to write a large circle or a loop
in a hook.
Illustrations.
sever safer civil supply displace sublime sooner
^
Sec. 40. Phrasing.— The L-hook may be used to
add zvill and the /?-hook m.ay be used to add are or our to
a single-stroke word-sign, thus:
for our, for all, in all, it will, we will, have all,
46
Beers Shorthand.
have our, they are, we are or with our, could our.
Sec. 41. Sixth List of Word-Signs.
/ abrupt-ly, abruptness
^v"^ advertise-d,
advertisement
7
1
7
2
aggregate
agree-ment, great
America
apply, people
applicable
belong, able
brother
care
character
collect-ed
correct-ed
deliver-ed, delivery,
dull
dear
ever-y
■fotoi, offer
fuU-y, fill
_^
get
glad, glory
influence
influential
improper
liberty, remember
million
more, mark
mortgage
<^^ near, nor, honor
y obligate-d
^ other, through
perform-ed
perhaps
practice-d
7
/
Y
/
L
7
principal, principle,
principally
/ problem
Z"^ product
Beers Shorthand
6v — -' promulgate- d
^ prospect
^ their, there, they are
.^ time
4. As ZA never occurs ini-
tially and but seldom medially and finall}', this tendency can be
humored. For the sake of distinction, make 7-^ the same
as Z/i; D-R a little longer; T-L and D-L the length of 7-^
and D-R, respectively, slightly dropping the final ends, thus:
TPv
DPv
TL
TrL
DrL
writer
cathedral trollev sterile
52
Beers Shorthand.
Sec. 46. N-T and N-D are blended into upward
curves as no other use is made cf these strokes. P inal A^ is
added by a small hook and final AI by a large hook, thus:
^ y y^ ^ y y /y'
NT ND endways sent send faint pound
? ,
2:? l^ ^-^ ^ U -^
phantom bounden lenten item fountain tendon
Rem. 1. Observe that a vowel always, except as noted in Rem. 2
below, comes between the blended TL, DL, TR and DR and never be-
tween the blended NT and ND ; that is, the blended form would be used
in the outline for derix'e but not for drive; in the outline for end but
not for need; in the outline for mount but not for mint te. This princ'p'e
provides a difference in the outlines of hundreds of pairs of words
having the same consonants.
Rem. 2. In some of the prefix signs, for facility or for distinction
in outlines, exception is made, as regards TR an J DR, to the rule in
Rem. 1, above. Also, in outlines in which Tr or Z)r follows Pox B,
as in patron, betray, the Tr or Dr is indicated by the blend.
■ Rem. 3. It will be noticed that, following straight strokes, the
loop can be used for nt-d. The loop is used in such cases unless it is
desired to insert the vowel. The blended form following P or B, how-
ever, is usually the more facile form.
Sr.c. 47. Seventh List of WoRn-SicNS.
Cy abandon-ed
accuaint-ed-ance
;
again
alone
amount, meant
_J' anticipate
.^"""^ consider
y, convenient-ly
^^■^^'^ depend-ed-ence
y direct-ed
__^y endeavor-ed
J even-ing
] event-ual-Iy
extra
Beers Shorthand.
53
extraordinary-ily
/ equal-ity
^y hand-y
_^ hundred-th
imagine-ation
^^ indifferent-ence
_y) individual-ity
^ intimidate-d-ion
^^ — -y manufacture-d
Sec. 48.
'—t in these
^-s? in this
•—^ in those
'^ as you
/^ must be
he seems
v-__^x mechanic-al
-^ not
/^ origin-al-ally
Z^ plenty-iful '
/ question-ed
) resemble-d-ance
,-~^^ return
tr— ^ where
r- — ^ while
Phrases.
<= Dear Sir
'o Yours truly
in reply to your favor
is received
~^y^ your esteemed favor (-of)
^-^ • please write
Sec. 49. Avoiding Angles. — There are a number of
combinations which, if exactly formed, would show angles
at the points of union, but if the pen is allowed to glide from
one stroke to the next, speed and ease of writing are greatly
increased
Each combination in the table following should be united
without an intervening angle.
54 Beers Shorthand,
The student should practice writing each combination un-
til no difficulty is experienced in forming any one of them.
R-N R-M N-R N-L R-F R-V L-F L-V
R-F R-B L-P L-B P-N P-M B-N B-M
C^ O C C^ C C^ C^
P-Nt B-Nt Ch-N Ch-M J-N J-M Ch-Nt
^ ////// J ;
j-Nt Ch-F Ch-V J-F J-V F-Ch ' F-J V-Ch V-f
Ch-T Ch-D I-T j-D Y-F V-V VV-Nt Sh-F
^ -77 "^ 7 "1 ~)
Sh-V K-F K-V C-F G-V G-S G-Z
Rem. H and Th must always be joined to a stroke at an angle.
Sec. 50. Limitations. — Care must be exercised so as
not to carry the gliding or blending principle to extremes.
While such a combination as /)-/^should be written with one
inflection of the pen, such a one as W-M or T-Sh must show
an angle at the joining point.
In each combination of the following series the angle
must be distinct, and each of the outlines, as well as those of
the preceding list, must be practiced many times.
Beers Shorthand. 55
7- 7 -^ T
R-K R-G L-K L-G R-Ch R-J L-Ch L-J
L L^ U ^ ^ ^ J A,
P-K P-G B-G P-Ch P-J B-Ch B-J P-R
l^~. L U^ ^ / / / /-
PI. B-R B-L P-F P-V B-F B-V P-T
P-D B-T B-D P-Sh B-Sh B-Tr B-Tl P-Tr
S'-V S-F S-Ch S-B S-G S-T S-N Z-D
] I '' /
1 /^ /v-^
2 7^ /^
Outlines for Practice.
2y l-^^ ^ L^.
2^ Iy
-<2^'
O^ _P^ oi-^
--^
^ (y .^^
Key to Outlines for Practice.
1. patter parter rider sterile siderial fiddle model rattle
2. prattle bridle rent round faint faints fainted want wind wound
3. truant drained intent intend intended intention intimate depend defend
4. dined quaint bondage bondman toned sent send incessant fastened
5. recent assent assigned chastened absent stringent chant joined
attentive sends
56
Beers Shorthand.
Reading Exercise.
-2^
1-^
7 ^ r
S
^
cr-0 " ' -'^^ — •
C^
r.
/^
EIGHTH LESSON.
Prefixes.
Sec. 51. Many prefixes and prefix syllables recur with
great frequency and by giving the outlines for ail such especial
attention and practice, the student not only increases his abil-
ity to write more rapidly but to read more readily.
No arbitrary characters are employed in the following
illustrations; all that do not contain a full expression of conso-
nants being built upon one general principle — the omission
of the unimportant consonants, rendering them brief yet ab-
solutely legible.
Sec. 52. A lengthened K, as explained in Sec 44, is
Kn. This provides a convenient sign for co?i and its use is
extended so as to also indicate com or cog, thus:
compose compendium comment concession compass
— ^ — ^ — ^ -y
contraband contribution controverted contrivance
Sec. 53. When immediately followed by T or D, as in
contaminate, condone, and the T or D is not followed by R, as
in contrast, con or corn is indicated by Ko, thus:
^— -^ -.^ ^ -^ ^
condemnation contagious condense contents condusive
Rem. It must be understood that where con, com or cog is not a
PreHxes, Copyright, 1908, by J. W. Beers. 57
53 Beers Shorthand.
prefix, but helps make up tlie root of a word, the prefix sign cannot be
used. Coma, comb, cone, comet are words of this class.
Sec. 54. Syllables Preceding. — Many compound pre-
fixes are formed by placing other syllables before the regular
prefix. In all such cases the prefixal syllable is indicated by
its usual sign followed by the con, com or cog sign, thus :
accommodation circumspection decompose discompose
miscompute misconceive nonconcur noncompliance
recognize unconscious uncommon uncircumspect
Rem. 1. iV is never lengthened to add a second « except for the
prefix nan as in noncompliance nonessential, et cetera.
Rem. 2. Notice that uncom-n is distinguished from incom-n by
inserting the vowel in uncom-n. The vowel sign should also be inserted
in outlines for words beginning with encom and encum if likely to conflict.
Sec. 55. The con, com or cog sign may be omitted from
the outlines of a few words of frequent use, as
^ ^ ^ ^^ W^
condition constant consider inconsideration reconsider
recognize circumference circumstance recognition
Rem. The student should restrict such omission to the examples
given in this book; the experienced writer can gradually extend the list.
Sec. 56. Implied Prefixes. — Placing the balance of
the outline very near or partially under z preceding outline im-
plies that con or com is to be supplied when reading, thus :
make the complaint, will convey, a complete, the portion.
Beers Shorthand.
59
Sec. 57. Counter. — The use of the lengthening princi-
ple is extended so as to indicate couti in counter, thus:
counterfeit counteraction encounter uncontroverted
Rem. See contra among the illustrations under Sec. 52 and note
the difference in formation.
Outlines for Practice.
Key to Outlines for Practice.
1. contagfious conveyance condone consult compulsory conversation
convex
2. conscious compound compensation complaisance concentration
confession confusion
3. compassionate commence comparison compel compile compunction
conquest
4. accomplice incumber discommode irreconcilable reconvey miscomfit
5. preconstitute nonconformity precompose subcommittee disconcert
undisconcertcd subconscious
6. circumvent decompound intercomparison preconceive recondem-
nation encompass [countermand contributor
7. will commence, a compendium, some comparison, counterbalance
60 Beers Shorth/^nd
Sec. 58. Ala^na-e-i is indicated hy Ma, ihus:
magnify mag-nitude magnet
magnificent
Sec. 59. The Syllable Ex. — The usual method of
indicating ex is by Ks but when followed by a compound, as
in explain, extreme, the K is usually omitted. Extra-e-i-u and
^;c/^r are indicated by J 77^ (blend) to distinguish from stereo
given in a following section.
Illustrations.
exceed exist exhibit expulsion explain explicit
extreme (-ity) extermination extradition extrinsic
Sec 60. Positives and Negatives.
There is a large number of positive words beginning with
L, M, N or R whose negatives are formed by prefixing i/,
im, in or ir, as, for examples, Ic^al, illegal; regular, irregular.
Make the positive and negative outlines the same except that
in the negative outlines, the initial vowel must be written, thus;
=->
7
legal, illegal; rational, irrational; movable, immovable
Rem. 1. When im or em is immediately followed by P or B, as
in imperishable, the Mh-p sign is used.
Rem. 2. When im is followed by PI or Pr, as in implant, impla-
cable, improper, the syllable im is indicated by the vowel /. In a like
situation in is indicated in the same manner, as in inbred.
Beers Shorthand.
61
Sec. 61. Enter, inter, hitra-e-i-o-u, under.
1. Enter and inter are indicated by the A^7-blend.
When the angle would be inconvenient the full outline is writ-
ten, as in enterprise, below.
2. Intra-e-i-o-u should be indicated by N-Tr.
3. Under is indicated by blended ND, lengthened.
Illustrations.
^^
intercede enterprise interlinear intermission interment
intrench introduce intromit intrude underbid
Sec. 62. Ant, ent, int, end, ind, und.
Tn such words as antique, entomb, indigo, the blended form
for ni or nd is used regardless of the fact that the T or D is
not in the A^-syllable, thus :
^-- .^^ /^ .^ ^
entomb indigo antedate undaunted endways
Sec. 63. Ans, ens, ins, uns. •V^
Either of these combinations, when followed by 7/-, Dr,
Pr, Br, Kr or Gr, is indicated by a small hook turned in such
direction as to cause the circle to be formed with the reverse
motion, thereby indicating the inclusion of R, thus:
unstrung unscrupulous instrument insubordinate
62
Beers Shorthand.
Outlines for Practice.
Key to Outlines for Practice.
1. magnetism magnetic magnesia exasperation excel excite excitement
2. exclaim expel expedite exempt export exportation exterior extract
3. extraneous introspection implicit implication imprecation liberal
_ illiberal legitimate [intnide intrusive
4. illegitimate intercept interchange interest interior interlace intermix
5. interval intervei.tion intersection Indian indict indigent entwist
entreaty underhand
Z
Eighth List of Word-Signs
altogether
become
circulate -d, circular
tj^gnate-d-ion
develop-ed-ment
dignity, dignify-ied
discover-ed-y
/^ especial-ly
) essential-ly
J_ figure
^ judge
( knowledge
■ ^ manipulate-d
^--^ moderate
- — ^ nothing
<:_ occur-red
-^ , relative
'7 represcnt-ed
/ respect-ed
/
^^
Y
A. — ta . V J
:? ,-^ ^
NINTH LESSON.
Prefixes — Concluded.
Sec. 64. Astra-i-o, juris, multi, post, trans.
Omit R from astra-i-o and juris \ omit T from multi
and post; omit A^ from trans.
Illustrations.
astragal astriction astrometer jurisdiction multitude
transmit [transmute] transgress postman postscript
Sec. 65. Centa-e-i, sente-i, stereo, retra-e-i-o, restr.
1. Centa, etc. — Indicate these by jA^r-blend.
2. Stereo is indicated by j7V-compound. (See Sec. 59. )
3. Retra-c-i-o is expressed as in the examples given below.
4. Restr- and restor are indicated as shown in the follow-
ing examples:
centage centennial centuple centric stereoscopy
-^
^
retrogression retract retribution restriction restoration
Rem. Observe that when the T in sent, etc. , is follow ed by R, as
in sentry, centric, it is better to write sN-Tr.
Prefixes, copyright, 1908 by J. W. Beers. 64
Beers Shorthand. 65
Sec. 66. Subter, super, supre, preter.
1. Subter is indicated hy sBr. 2. Super and supre by
sPr. 3. /*r^/^r is expressed by /V-7>.
Illustrations.
subterranean supernal supreme (-acy) pretermit
Sec. 67. Hydro, hyper, hypo, intel, indul.
AH the above are indicated by their regular consonant
signs, thus:
hyposulphite hypostatic hypercritic hypochondriac
-^Z -^ ^^ -^ ^
intelligence indulgent indolent hydropathy hypostasis
Sec 68. An, en, in, on, un.
When either of these syllables begins a word that does
not come under one of the classes described in Sees. 61, 62
and 63, (q. v.) stroke-A'^ is used, but in all infrequent words
and in all cases likely to otherwise conflict, ths vowel in on
and un must be written.
Illustrations.
-^ -7 ^ r. ^ — . -^ ^
unfair enrich answer injustice uncommon enslave unseen
Sec. 69. Pra-e-i-o Prefixed to /^ and V. — Either of
these syllables, when no vowel comes between P and R, is
66 Beers Shorthand.
prefixed to the F- and F-strokes by a large initial hook, thus:
profile prevail private depravity professor prevent
Sec. 70. Self, selves. — F\% omitted from seif, either as
a prefix or when it is a termination (affix). Selves is formed
by adding: the 5-circle, thus;
selfish [unselfish] self-conceit yourself [man's self]
Sec. 71. Word-Signs Used as Prefixes.
The word-signs iov all, for, there, with, etc., indicate like
syllables at the beginning of other words, thus:
forsake forth forget although always almost afterward
already thereto therein otherwise into anything [nothing]
v-^-^ "-1. ^ L z^ ^ ^
anywhere anyway [no way] without withstand within
withdraw wherewithal whereat wherein whereon whilst
Rem. The word-sign for ivell cannot be used as a prefix.
See. 72. Other Prefix Syllables.
There are many other prefix syllables of very frequent
use but as their outlines are all formed according to general
principles the student will require no special instructions con-
Beers Shorthand. 67
cerning any of them. Practice the following list:
abbreviate alimony assertion assume apprehend arson
<~^^ ^-3 A X^ I — ^ \^
arrest arise ambition impassionate amplitude ampere
[empower] ambassador empire ample automobile autumn
balcony ballot [bullet] belfry billow bulk benediction beneath
deduct deduce detonation determine detention decline
declaim derive derange defame deviate divide divest
--2^ ^^- /^-^ .-^^ ^-^
dentist discourage dispel display decrepid disclose dissipate
discuss defy diffident defer defeat elegant election ellipse
elocution elbow elder epitaph episcopal elephant ferment
philosophy fulmination foolish farther folly farmer fellow
garner galley agility harvest haggard hallowed mandamus
68 Beers Shorthand.
mendacious [mental-ly] nonappearance nonsuit octopus
octoic overcome overcame overreach overhaul outfit
L^ /^--v-^/ /-^ l—^ Z 5 Z— ^
outdo palliate palliation pollution compulsion compilation
pulley police palace policy pilfer purchase portion apportion
pursue peruse powers porous peers parody period per cent
^ J I / — -^ ^
present purpose propose prepays rascal reside receive
subsist supply cistern suspense syntax ship shipmate
^ a. ri.' rr ^ -^
shipper shipboard telephone tillage tartar tighter
valley vojley vacation vocation avocation eviction vaccinate
water-way waterfall welfare well-spoken well-informed
Additional Outlines for Practice.
1 >^ ^^ L^ j^ ---z. — --
1 ^ .-^ P7 ^^ <:^-^ <^(^ ^^
Beers Shorthand.
69
Key to the Above Outlines.
1. astringent astride jurisconsult jurisdictional multiplication multiply
multitudinous [transparent transport transom
2. transform-ed transfer (-red-ence) transcript transcendant translation
3. postpone postage [passage] posthaste centesimal centralization
sentiment sentence [retrieve
4. stereopticon stereoscopist retranslate retractor retreat retrench
5. retroflex restrain restrained restraint superfluous superior superlative
superfine [unfit unpaid
6. superinducement preterperfect preternatural indulgence intelligible
Ninth List of Word-Signs.
~y capable
/ conspiciious-ly
_^^ deserve-d
^^ difficult-y
^.3—^ enormous-ly
~f expect-ed
J favor-able
financial-ly
govern-ed-ment
illustrate-d
lan(jua<^e
moral-ly
ordinary-ily
Z repugnant
repugnance
9 require-d-ment
reserve-d
somewhat
uniform-ly-ity
universe-al
when
\
70 Beers Shorthand.
Reading Exercise.
2y
>^->— 6 • ^ c^^
J
/.^
r7
"^
TENTH LESSON.
Terminations.
Sec. 73. Ble-y, pal,' pel, ful-ly, bleness.
When inconvenient to form the L-hook, the L may be
omitted from either of the above, thus:
sensible-y preamble visible visibleness gospel useful-ly
Sec. 74. Jlity, crity, il'ity. Etc.
1. Any termination similar to the above; that is, L-Ty
or R-Ty with any vowel preceding or any vowel following
the L or R, is indicated by the first vowel, thus:
accessibility principality fatality futility minority
temerity frugality majority posterity disparity
2. When the exercise of the preceding rule would pro-
duce an outline of but one stroke, the rule cannot be fol-
lowed. Write such words in full, thus:
civility facility authority priority verity
rarity parity nullity fealty realty
Rem. The word minority forms an exception to Rule 2, above.
Terminations, Copyright, 1908, by J. W. Beers. 71
72 Beers Shorthand.
Sec. 75. The Ing Endings.
When inconvenient to write the A^-stroke, write a vowel
sign in any direction but always at. an angle with the preced-
ing part of the outline. Write Ngi for ingly; Ngu for tngtai;
Ngs for ings, thus :
^ ^ ^ ^ -^ ---^
meeting fitting passing doings lovingly Lexington .
Rem. If preferred, ///^ may be indicated by a dot, thus: ^^ doing.
Sec 76. Ing Implied.
Writing a following outline very close to a preceding
outline signifies that the sign for ing has been omitted and
that the syllable must be supplied when reading, thus:
^- ^. A^ ^ d J^
doing a-n-d, making the, having some, fitting, fittings fittingly
Sec. 77. Graph-er-ic, Etc.
Graph is indicated by Gr, Add // for graplier. For other
endings, add to the outline whatever is added to the word, thus ;
photograph photographer photographic photography
paragraphist biographical biography lexicographer
Sec. 78. Akgy, ology. Etc
Jlogy and ology are indicated by oJ. For derivatives, add
to the outline whatever is added to the word, omitting al-/y
from the ending ogical-ly, thus:
chronology chronologic-al-ly chronologist chronologer
Beers Shorthand.
73
Sec. 79. Centric-al, centricity.
These terminations are indicated as in the following line ;
eccentric eccentrical paracentric eccentricity
Sec. 80. Ocrat~ic, ocracy, Etc.
Write oK for ocracy, Kr for ocrat-ic and for other deriv-
atives, add to the outline whatever is added to the word, thus:
dcmocrat-ic democratical democracy democratism democratist
Sec. 81. Ure, ular, utative, tial, Etc.
1. When ure is preceded by T or sT it is better to in-
dicate it by the 7'^ -blend. In other cases the z/-vowel indi-
cates ure. For ural-ly add L or Li.
2. In all such endings as ulate-d, ulation, etc., the }'
is omitted.
Illustrations.
moisture venture verdure demure endure failure graduate
modulate speculate speculation speculator speculative
Sec. 82. Ten, Utn, den, dcrn.
Final A^ is added to Tor Z) by a small hook; final M
by a large hook, thus:
^
^J>
>
written laden seldom item diadem broaden
74 Beers Shorthand.
Sec. 83. Av, cy, ty, al-ly.
Final Y (/-short) is, usually, almost as readily written as
omitted and provides a difference of outline in many cases.
For sy and zy the vowel is never written as the use of
the stroke form signifies the presence of a final vowel. (See
Sec. 18, ^ and r. )
When inconvenient to join L-i, a short straight tick
struck at an angle from the end of the preceding part of the
outline indicates that ly or al-ly follows, thus:
fun funny mud easy fussy silently sentimental-ly
Sec. 84. The-ly. — The / in tively is usually omitted
and, when preceded by K, the / is omitted, thus:
y ■^ -^ T ^
active-ly positive-ly defective-ly assertive-ly activity
Sec. 85. Ship, ward, ciatton, ciate-d.
Sh indicates ship, JVd indicates ivard, Shshn represents
ciation and the T-loop is added to Sh to form the termination
ciate-d, thus:
W l^ --^ r^" rf
worship backward onward association associate-d
Sec. 86. Ainder, enter, ender. Etc.
When either of these endings is preceded by M, indicate
it as in the examples below. Otherwise write a lengthened
A^r-blend, thus:
remainder tormentor sprinter renter fender sender
Beers Shorthand. 75
Sec. 87. Ttveness, lessness, sameness, fulness^ ciousness, siveness.
Omit the n in each of these terminations, thus:
A y ^^-^ ^
baselessness activeness fulsomeness cheerfulness
>
lusciousness pensiveness graciousness [graciously]
Sec. 88. Ment, lent, gent, vent.
Except gent, the above endings are formed by lengthen-
ing and adding the loop. Gent could be written in a similar
way but in this connection the blended form makes a more
facile and lineal outline.
Illustrations.
sentiment convent prevent excellent stringent tangent
Sec. 89. Fer, ferred, ference.
Each of these terminations is indicated by F-R in all
outlines of frequent occurrence, thus;
prefer-red-en'ce defer-red-ence refer-red-ence confer-red-ence
Sec. 90. Point-ed-ment, pond-ed-ent-ency.
In the outlines of all common words, the first is indicated
by P-NT; the second by P-ND, thus :
appoint-ed-ment correspond-ed-ent despond-ent-ency-ent
76 Blers Shorthand.
Sec. 91. Tory, tory, dary. Etc.
For all such endings the blended form is used for TR or
DK as those forms indicate the presence of medial vowels a:id
the compound (hooked) forms indicate the absence of inter-
vening vowels. The loop and hook indicates a medial vow-
el and also determines that no final vowel follows, thus ;
%
J
predatory inventory dromedary sundry fetter sentry
Sec. 92. Other Endings.
None of the following require any special treatment and
no more abbreviating, as the outlines are sufficiently brief
from applying the general principles previously given. It s
thought best not to give an extended list.
sagacity pomposity veracity capacity energetic pedantic
parenthetical
hypnotic fanatical
symbolical
manhood falsehood
political
fiscal physical pedestal humidity
^ — . cJ-^ 2^ ^ ^^ ^^
musical validity profanity rigidity cupidity furious
victorious syllogism prismatic paregoric manager
delirium medium symposium colosseum symptom
Beers Shorthand.
Outlines for Practice.
KhY TO Outlines for Practice.
1. fanciful divisible amiable variable reasonableness hountifulness
comprehensibleness lovableness [reliability brutality legality
2. incontestability compatibility ability plausibility responsibility
3. principality illegality dexterity versatility disability polarity disparity
vulgarity [knowing objecting
4. jocularity neutrality rascality plurality finality infidelity agility
5. posing asking sinning lending experimenting tormenting 'coming in
making good' [monograph telegraph geography
6. geology tautology penology geologic-al-ly geologist paragraph
7. lexicographer geographical theocrat theocracy aristocrat aristocracy
aristocratical
8. indenture sculpture premature shorten burden hidden ardentlv
9. executive appreciation associate-d kinder fonder printer planter
finder dissenter [enchant ornament puneent
10. cumbersomeness artlessness extensiveness boastfulness disdainfulness
78
Beers Shorthand.
Tenth List of Word-Signs.
-v
7
/
2^
^^
accept-ance
accurate
achieve-d-ment
ambiguous
ambiguity
arrange-d-ment
authentic-icity
beyond
chapter
confidential-ly
continue-al-ally
court
deficient
deficiency
diminish-ed
distinguish-ed
endure-d-ance
establish-ed-ment
familiar-ity
gain
gentleman
gentlemen
iii L'lu dtf d
indignant-ly
indignity
integrity
member
memoranda
memorandum
memory
method-ical
miscellaneous
newspaper
notwithstanding
peculiar-ity
railroad
railway
rather
regard-ed
secure-ity
signature
simultaneous
synonymous
> -r
Beers Shorthand.
Reading Exercise.
79
L
/ >-
^ 7 ^^
>^ -r-^.
"^
cr— t^
/^ S^
^
/
i? <^_j.
; ^
. "^ /^
ELEVENTH LESSON.
Omission of Consoxants.
In the ordinary enunciation of many persons, some con-
sonants are but slightly sounded and others are altogether
lost, yet the listener has no difficulty in understanding what
is meant.
If words thus incompletely spoken are understandable,
so, also, are words recognizable that are as incompletely
vvritten.
But there is a limit beyond which it is not sate to go.
Never drop consonants or whole terminations unless you do
so by rule or analogically. Practice words before you attempt
to fill a position, for then you can read the outlines, and short-
hand is ivorthless if you can not read it. It had better not
be written at all. Indiscriminate dropping of consonants
and the terminations of long words' will surely result dis-
astrously to you when you come to read your writing. It
may be a favorite — an easy way to shorten outlines — but it
never will be an aid to legibility, but always a hindrance.
Do not think that because a portion of the outline is sug-
gestive of the whole word, ichen you knoiv ichat the uord
is, that it will be equally suggestive when you do not knoiv
what word is meant, unless, of course, you have learned the
outline as a word-sign.
When 3'ou have learned that Mb-G is the outline for
80
Beers Shorthand. 81
ambiguous, you would not read it for humbug. If you had
not learned it as a word-sign, and, in the effort to keep up
with the speaker, you dropped the termination, when j'ou
attempted to read the outline, you would be more likely to
call it humbug than you would to call it ambiguous. Then,
again, take the word government. Suppose, in the stress of
rapid work, you dropped the termination and wrote G-V,
How could you tell,, when you were transcribing, that you
had not dropped the termination of governor F You could
not tell. No one could.
If you jnust use many word-signs, learn them before at-
tempting to use them. The system that gives but a short
list of word-signs in its text-books, and, in its reading plates,
cuts ofiE the terminations of nearly all long words, is a much
harder system to read than one that gives many word-signs
in its list — even to that much-talked-of eight thousand list.
In the latter case you are expecting to meet word-signs in
every other outline and are prepared for them. In the former
case you are not looking for them and therein lies the danger.
Sec. 93. Consonants that May be Omitted.
1. P is omitted when preceded by sKr and is lollowcd
by shun, as in prescription.
2. T is frequently emitted when preceded by the ^-cir-
cle and is followed by another consonant, as in mostly.
3. //, medial, may often be omitted, as in manhood,
behoove. Initial H is also sometimes omitted.
4. N may occasionally be omitted in such words as
tenement.
5. y in ion, as in million, is omitted.
6. R mav be omitted in that class of words in which
82 Beers Shorthand.
it is but indistinctly pronounced by many persons, as in churn,
word, absurd, journal.
7. D is omitted from the prefix ad, when immediately
followed by M, V or J, as in admonish, advance, adjust.
8. Final t and ted are frequently omitted when imme-
diately preceded by K, as in effect-ed, restrict-ed.
9. P is usually omitted when immediately preceded by
M, as in exemption, attempt, redemption.
10. Y is omitted from the termination ient, as in conven-
ient. Indicate this ending by the A^T-blend.
11. ^ is omitted from the combination skr when it is
not convenient to indicate it in the middle of an outline as in
discriminate, prescription.
12. K, when preceded by A^, as in sanction, function,
crank, drink, is omitted.
13. Omit G from Gl when preceded by Ng as in tan-
gle, wrangle. K, in a like situation, as in tinkle, wrinkle, must
be written.
14. Tial-ly or cial-ly is frequently shortened to Sha
and, when preceded by den, ten or tan, as in prudential, cir-
cumstantial, the Sha is omitted.
15. The tn^xn^ spect-ed, as in respect-ed, is, in nearly all
cases, indicated by sP.
16. B is usually omitted from scribe-d, as in subscribe-d.
17. Generally, any consonant, the writing of which ij
not essential to the correct reading of the notes, may be omitted
as h in objurgation, k in refraction, the second c {,k) \w accustom,
acclimated, etc. In many cases the outline indicating a verb in
the present tense may also indicate the past tense outline.
The Omission of Consonants Illustrated.
prescription investigation mostly vastly behoove
Beers Shorthand.
tenement arraignment churn
?
absurd
83
admonish
restrict-ed
discredit
correct effect-ed reflect-ed
^. ■ ^
proscription convenient-ly redemption
sanction shrink function wrangle
junction atonement tinkle tangle
> > i-
spank providential-ly substantial-ly confidential-ly
Eleventh List of Word-Signs.
J
c
o
^
affect-ed
berievolent-ce
celestial
church
disreputable
during
endorse-ment
extemporary
extemporaneous
identify-ied
identificaticn
-^
7
misfortune
morning
nobody
obscure-ity
pecuniary-ily
philanthropy-ic
respectable-y-ility
reverend-ence
subscribe-d
subsequent-ly
subserve-ient
84
Beers Shorthand.
Reading Exercise.
, -X.
-/
J^ ^C^l
"^
. ^ ^^ / ^ ^-^ -^ ^ ^ -^
-er^
TWELFTH LESSON.
VoWfLIZING.
Sec. 94. Meaning. — To vowelize an outline is to
write the SIGNS that indicate the vowel SOUNDS.
Sec. 95. It has been deemed best to reserve the final
instructions on vowelizing until now^, for the reason that the
student will be better able to understand the subject after hav-
ing thoroughly learned the general principles of the system
and practiced all the outlines previously given.
Sec. 96. Words of One Syllable.
This class of words requires more vowelizing than any
other. The following rules should be taken as a guide:
Rule 1. Words containing but one consonant and one
vowel, the vowel is usually written, thus:
ode odd tie rye ray oak off die fee
Rule 2. Words contatning two consonants, the vowel,
if long, is written; if shorty usually omitted, thus:
bill bail pass pause ship sheep does dose
Rule 3. Words having three or more consonants, the
vowels are omitted with more freedom, thus:
freak groan blame plain start flame
85
86 Beers Shorthand.
The exceptions are —
To Rule 1. Word-signs, as
go do are no may up they
To Rule 2. A short vowel inserted for convenience, thus :
life wood tick wrong dig shack
To Rule 3. (a) A vowel inserted for convenience, thus:
shrink steal style drill trick drug
(^) Inserted for the sake of distinction, in which case
the vowel is inserted in the infrequenily used word and omit-
ted from those of more frequent use, thus:
pest post clock collect best boast
Sec. 97. Words of Two Syllables.
Rule 1. Words of two syllables and but one conso-
nant, two vowels should be written, thus:
alley echo era eddy payee idea
Rem. If the speaker is constantly using any word of this class, but one
vowel need be written, thus: <-■ — % alley, y'y^ idea.
Rule 2. Two-syllable words having two consonants,
one vowel should be written, especially if there is an initial
vowel, thus:
body pity beauty elate ruddy canoe renew
Beers Shorthand. 87
Rule 3. Words of two syllables and having three or
more consonants, the vowels are generally omitted, thus:
matter voter message torment rudder flatter
The exceptions are —
To Rule 2. {,a) Word-signs, thus:
_ __ _. 7 ^^ ^
agree again alone. ever-y fuU-y offer
(^) Frequently used words, as
>^_ ^ /-. .^^ 7
affair enough power ready envy
To Rule 3. {a) Inserted for purpose of distinction, as
accuse [cause] miller molar sparing sparring
(^) Inserted for convenience, thus:
railing barracks asking decayed gritty
(<:) An initial or final, accented vowel, is usually writ-
ten, as
A /^ ^^-^ ~^ ^
bestow betray destroy employ parquet
Sec. 98. Words of Three or More Syllables.
In this class of words the insertion of a vowel in the out-
line is an exception. When written, it is done for one of
the following reasons:
88 Beers Shorthand,
(a) For making a difference in outlines for words hav-
ing similar consonants, as
/ — . /V^ J^
illegal legal violin villain voracious avaricious
(^) For securing a more facile outline, thus.
extract-ed sycamore dexterity talented perimeter
Sec. 99. Unusual Words.
Words seldom heard or a common word used in a pe-
culiar connection should be well vowelized. If the word is
one you have never before heard, vowe/ize It fully.
Illustrations.
parse fuse kickshaw hexad lamina farina
Sec. 100. Concurrent Vowels.
When any two vowels come together they are joined as
are any other two signs. However, the short vowels are
usually omitted, thus:
duel Messiah fiat pious cameo thawing
Sec. 101. Disjoined Vowels.
Occasionally it is desirable to detach a vowel sign. In
such cases observe the following rules:
1. If the vowel is one indicated by the diacritical
mark placed ABOVE the elliptical sign (/ in it, e in eaty
Beers Shorthand. 89
in /./ or a in all) simply write the unmarkea vowel
sijjn, thus:
niche teach loll
2. If it is either of the remaining vowel sounds,
wriie the diacritical mark, thus :
roll fuel match Madge maim
At first thought it may appear that this provision would
result in confusion, but it can not. If it is inconvenient to join
a reverse-motion vowel it is easy to connect a regular-motion
vowel and vice versa. Consequently, when one of the dia-
critical marks is used it indicates, when reading, the sign that
would be difficult to join in that particular combination for the
detached sign is never used when the vowel sign can be read-
ily joined.
Compare the following outlines:
file fuel beer bower roll reel
^ ,^ ._^ .__. /^ A
Dutch ditch nine noon bishop bush
Sec. 102. Special Vowelization.
Occasionally a more facile outline is secured by an arbi-
trary use of the hook on initial M and A^ by striking a tick
across the stem to indicate a compound with a vowel inter-
vening. This expedient may be applied to any of the com-
pounds if a more facile outline will result by its use, thus;
Norseman
90
Beers Shorthand.
Reading Exercise.
C ~ '^ c
,o (^ / ^
- o
I.
J
u ?..
A_.
/^
/
^
°\
L_
^ -. ^ ^ 2. ^ ^ ^. - .^ .
^. ^ / - ^ . . — ^ __^ -^
THIRTEENTH LESSON.
Analogy.
Sec. 103. By analogy, in shorthand, is meant the rep-
resentation of similar combinations of sounds by similar com-
binations of signs.
Such a method is advisable, not only because it renders
the learning of the subject less difficult, but it also makes the
reading of shorthand outlines much easier.
As illustrating the analogical principle, take the word
form^ indicated by F. If inform were indicated;.by in-F-R~M ;
reform^ by R-F-M; formation, by F-o-M-shn; they would
NOT be represented by analogical outlines. But, as inform
is indicated by in-F; r-eform, by re-F; formation, by F-shn, the
outlines are analogical for the reason that, in each outline, the
primitive word, form, is indicated by the same sign and other
signs are added to indicate the added syllables.
Sec. 104. There are some instances where it is not ad-
visable, or where it is inconvenient to write analogically, but,
except with some of the word-signs, such instances are rare.
Sec. 105. Some analogical illustrations have been pre-
viously given, as in the case of several of the outlines given
to illustrate terminations. Many others are to be found in
different portions of this book.
Jn the many compound words the principle of the ana-
logical formation of outlines should be followed almost uni-
versally.
91
92 Beers Shorthand.
Sec. 106. The whole matter of writing by analogy
can be reduced to the following
Rule: In all classes of words, the same combination
of sounds are written, so far as possible, in the same man-
ner.
This rule should not only be applied to words, but also
to syllables, and, whether a given syllable is written with
one or more strokes, the same syllable should, unless It is
very Inconvenient so to do, be at all times written In the
same way; thus, for Instance, we write Gr, as In gracious,
with the compound sign, but in garnish, where there is a
long Intervening vowel, we write G-R, and. In all words
where either Gr or Gar begins the word, the beginning
should be similarly indicated, following the same principle in
the compounds, ungracious, graciousness, ungarnished, gar-
nishment, etc.
Sec. 107. The principle of analogy, carried to the ex-
treme, would also require* that each syllable sliould be ex-
pressed by one or more strokes, but, in words of more than
two syllables this is not necessar}^ and especially is this true
with words, some of whose syllables are merely a short vowel,
as in ev i dent, an al o gy, un i form.
Neither is It necessary to go to such an extreme In many
words of only two syllables each, where the outline could
net be mistaken for a word of but one syllable. This is
especially true in outlines in which the ss circle occurs
and where the loop is used to add ed, or the r-hook Is added
to a loop, as in cases, basis, misses, rated, petted, better, mut-
ter, etc.
Sec. 108. A study of the special signs for prefixes and
Bkers Shorthand.
93
terminations will show this law of analogy running through
the entire series. We write all words beginning with con or
com or in which con or com occurs as a medial syllable, in a
similar way. The ility, ality, erity, et cetera, terminations are
formed in an analogous manner, as are also the olog^y and the
graph endings and nearly all the other prefixes and postfixes.
This law was observed as closely as possible in selecting
the various word-signs.
Sec. 109. The student must practice the following
outlines many times for nothing aids speed so much as the a-
bility to write any combination of syllables without hesitation.
There is more time lost in thinking how to write an unfamiliar
word than is required to write the outline.
Analogical Outlinks Illust^lated.
I..
cAo
advantage
J
form-ed
advantageous
J
formation
disadvantage
V
inforni-ed
disadvantageous
•7
information
famous
I
forming
infamous
'Z
iiiforming
famously
7
reform
object
7
reformation
objection
J
conforin-ed
objectionable
^
deform-ed
objective
^
pe:form-eJ
94
Beers Shorthand.
^
^
deformity
transform-ed
transformation
uniform-ity
divide
divided
dividend
divisor
divisible
undivided
develop-ed
development
developing
develops
developments
undeveloped
resist
resistance
irresistible
endure-d
endures, endurance
enduring
endurable
7
7
r
7
r
T
-r
respect-ed
respectable
respectability
respective-Iy
irrespective-ly
favor-able
favorite
unfavorable
judge
judgment
judging
arrange-d
arrangement
rearrange-d
rearrangement
disarrange-d
disarrangement
chajige-d
changes
changing
changeable
exchange-d
exchanging
interchange
interchanging
Beers Shorthand.
95
L.
explain
y
for
Zy
explained
;
forgive
1^
explanation
^
forget
r"
consider-ed
o-
forsake
^
consideration
j
forsaken
r
considerate
7>
forth
^
inconsideration
expend
9
suspect
~t^
expended
I
suspecting^
-u
expenditure
r
unsuspected
Z_
conspicuous
- — >- 0-
relation
l-^
conspicuousness
— ^
relationship
^
inconspicuous
—
could not
,^^-^
hadn't
^
do not
r-^
shouldn't
^
did not
^
wouldn't
^
had not
^
didn't
c^
would not
y
couldn't
J
have not
ly
haven't
^-^
will not
^-
don't
^
should not
/
can't
L-^2
[can not]
V.^
won't
96
Beers Shorthand.
7
1
7
y
7 ■
Note,
as in unite.
represent-ed
represents
representing
misrepresent-eJ
representative
representation
perfect
perfection
imperfect
imperfection
proper
propriety
improper
impropriety
^/y appoint-ed
appointment
„-^^y disappoint-ed
disappointment
/ reappoint-ed
^"'^ reappointment
C_y^ appointing
^,^^ disappoints
< — disappointments
/ observe-d
I
observance
observer
observing
exceed
exceeded
exceeds
exceeding
exceedingly
All words beginning with the SOVKD oi yun,
the first syllable is indicated by F, thus:
V V
^ i. >
unite unity union unionism
universe
reunite disunite [utility utilize utilization]
Beers Shorthand.
Reading Exercise.
97
cT
. /
o?
tv-c::^
' c. ^ r^ J J ^
/
FOURTEENTH LESSON.
Advanced Phrasing Principles.
Sec. 110. A large proportion of the phrases used by
any writer are simple phrases; that is, the union of two cr
more word-outlines without change from their original shape.
But there are important methods of forming phrases by
which still greater brevity is secured and the student must
learn them thoroughly so as to be able to apply them readily.
The examples given in the following pages illustrate the
manner in which the several principles are employed. They
are not intended to show all the phrases that may be formed
by the application of the outline-shortening principles, but
rather to teach how any similar phrase may be written.
Sec. 111. May be.
This phrase is indicated by the Af ^-stroke, thus:
may be, he may be, may be said, as may be, this may be, may be said to be
Sec 112. Vowel-Hook Phrasing.
() / and we may be prefixed to P, B, F and /' by be-
ginning the outline as if no stroke followed; that is, on or
near the line of writing.
Rem. Make the /-hook very small and the at-^-hook large.
98
LAWYER
Beers Shorthand. 99
Illustrations.
7
some of, all of, which of them, could we, do we, have we, are we
.^^_^ c^ ^ ^ "^
should we have, will we make, on all, do all, had all, we may be
cr- c- '7—^- . -p- ^ - ^-
we give, we could, we hope, we believe, we have, we feel, we fear
I may, I will, will I, and I, I shall, I judge, I hope, I have, I believe
Sec. 113. Phrasing is, as, /las,^ his.
(a) Either of the above words is added by the ^-circle and
the circle is enlarged to indicate a combination of any two of
these words. A third circle-word is added by writing the
small circle on the opposite side of the stem, (h) Occasion-
ally the circle is used to add us. (c) When a following out-
line begins with the small circle, that circle may be enlarged
to prefix a circle-word. See // is said, id) When the follow-
ing outline begins with one of the straight ^-compounds, pre-
fix a circle-word as in as predicted, below.
Illustrations.
.^ ^ , — o ^^ c>l —
it is as- has as, as has been said, give us, gives us, it is said, for as some
as to our, as by our, as predicted, as true as, as broad as, as long as
100 Beers Shorthand.
Sec. 114. The Loops,
(a) A final loop is written to add it or t^e, and its, it has
or it is is added by the use of the loop and circle, ih) Add-
ing a loop and the ^-curl adds there, their, or they are, and,
occasionally, other. The letters "thr" indicate their, there
or they ate.
Illustrations.
should thr, for thr, after thr^ may thr, could thr, may there be, some other
for it is-has, may its, in which it is-has, in which it may, in which it seems
Sec. 115. Not and ott« Added.
() The hook in the outline for your
and year is often omitted. (<:) When inconvenient to join
T for you or your in phrasing, write the tt-vowel.
Illustrations.
because our, makes our, and as-it oir, [and has our] it is-as our, does our
your account, your time, years ago, your duty, your disposition, years time
have you-r, do you-r, to you-r, tell you-r, give you-r, call your attention
Sec. 118. Of the and of a-n.
If carefully written, the sign iov of mzy be prefixed to the
signs for the, a and an as shown in the following line:
of the, of a-n, was of the opinion, of an advantage, of a general
Sec. 119. J, an, and.
When the regular sign for these words does not form a
good angle, write it vertically, thus:
and a-n, (and the) and go, and do, (and is-as, and has-his, and if, and in)
Sec. 120. Strokes Omitted.
In phrasing, the writer may omit a consonant that is but
slightly sounded, in the same manner as is provided for the
102
Beers Shorthand.
omission of consonants from the outlines for words, thus :
j-
>
most necessary, for the most money, past week, vast difference, most good
Sec. 121. Correspondence Phrases.
The following occur frequently in all lines of business
correspondence and must be thoroughly learned :
7 answering your favor of
"-"^ inclosed please find
-j^ o I am in receipt of your
/ favor (-of the)
T^ D I am in receipt of your
-^ esteemed favor ( of the )
In reply to your es-
teemed favor (-of the)
is at hand
please acknowledge re-
ceipt
Sincerely yours
upon receipt of your
check
y
upon receipt of your
letter
/^"^ Very truly yours
/
Very respectfully
Very respectfully yours
We are in receipt of
your letter (-of-the)
We are in receipt of your
favor (-of-the)
We beg to acknowledge
we beg to state
Your esteemed letter
your esteemed order
your favor (-of-the)
Your letter of recent date
Yours respectfully
Yours very respectfully
Yours very truly
Sec 122. Proximity and Repetitions.
1. Proximity means the writing of two outlines very
close together, indicating that of the is to be read between them.
2. When words are repeated, z%from day to day; more
Beers Shorthand.
103
and more, the repeated words are written side by side and the
unimportant words are omitted.
Illustrations.
^A
:^^
some of the books, from time to time, from place to place, hours of the day
Sec. 123. The Omission of Words.
The unimportant words, in phrases of three or more
words, are omitted where such omission will not impair the
legibility of the writing, thus:
• ^ ' a good many
( a gieat advantage
bill of sale
gentlemen of the jury
for the purpose (of)
days of the week
^
point of view
r
ought to be
i-^r--'
for the last time
A-
for the first time
/
able to say
^
able to do
Sec. 124. Intersections.
The principle of intersecting outlines is employed only
for special terms in the various lines of stenographic work for
such phrases as occur frequently.
It is not the province of a text-book to deal to any extent
with this class of phrases. Each writer should make up his
own list. The illustrations following, will serve to show the
manner in which outlines are intersected. One who has oc-
casion frequently to write society will strike the 5-stroke through
104
Beers Shorthand.
the last stroke of the preceding outline; for Co., write A'; for
Party, P; for Journal, J; for Bank, B; for attention, T; etc.
Illustrations.
-^ Republican Party
^ Board of Health <^
/- bank account
/^ Board of Trade
Democratic Party
Constitution of the
United States
Pennsylvania R. R.
Chamber of Commerce
■ Sec. 125. Irregular Phrasing.
1. Had, following personal pronouns, and, in a few
other cases, is indicated by H.
2. Occasionally the vowel in at is omitted.
3. In, when it occurs in the middle ot a phrase, is some-
times indicated by the /-hook. Also, in, as an initial syllable
of a following word, as in will involve, is indicated by the hook.
4. The compound signs may be used irregularly in
phrases of frequent use. See to refer, by request, below.
Illustrations.
\
(
you had
some had
which had
" he had
^^—^ at some other
-^ at that time
, ^ bear in mind
will involve
[herein]
<7 to refer
^~y in reference to
by request
with reference to
"^ some better
Beers Shorthand.
Reading Exercise.
^ / J. ^ V. ^ .
-^
105
- -^
D
.t,^ cr-.
2y
-Q-'
-fe <>-
I Ob
^^
^-.
e- ^
—^
^
A VOCABULARY
Containing the outlines for the Names of the States,
Chief Cities, Days of the Week, Months of the Year, some
additional word-signs and derivatives, and outlines for other
words of frequent use.
When a portion of an outline is made up of hyphens,
as, ^—Tf'\ herself, it indicates that the advanced writer may
omit such portions with safety.
^
L
o^
7
Z^
^^ absent
o^ accident-al
according
admire-d, admiration
agriculture,
agricultural
Alabama
Alaska
Albany
Allegheny
Almighty
a'Tialgamate-d
American
Anglo Saxon
announce-ment
■o another
antagonize-d
antique, antiquity
antiquate-d
anybody
anyone
applicant
approximate
April
Arizona
l-^.y.
~o
7
Arkansas
arrive, arri\'al
.^
o?
-^L
aSCend-ed, ascrndant
assem ble-d, assembly
assign-ment
assimilate-d,
assimilacioa
associate
Atlanta
atmosphere
attend-ed, anendance
August
authorize
automatic
Baltimore
bank
bankruptcy
belief, believe
benignant
between
bombast-ic
bookkeeper
Boston
brilliant-ly
Brooklyn
Buffalo
calcu!ate-d,
calculation
California
Canada
106
Beers Shorthand.
107
Canadian
cancel
car
care-d
carpo
Catholic-ism
certain-ly, certainty
certificate
chairman
challenge
characteristic
charge-d
Chicago
child
children
Christian -ity
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Colorado
Columbus
common
communicate-d
"^"y
^ community
js^ C ^ compllment-ary
/ — conclude-d
— c — / conduct-ed
confer-red-ence
(conform-ed)
congratulate-d
— ^ connect-ed
Connecticut
^ connection
consequence
— "=> consequent-ly
consequential
—cf' constancy
^ / constituent
x^ constitute-d
/-^,...
/^
constitution
contemplate-d
contradlct-ed
convict-ed
conviction
cosmopolitan
countryman
countrymen
crimlnal-ly
Cuba
dark-en
December
defence, defend-ed
deject-ed, dejection
Delaware
delinquent,
delinquency
Denver
depart-ed,
department
' deponent
desire, desirable
Detroit
disclose-d
discrepancy
discriminate-d
discredit
disorder
DIst. of Columbia
dominate-d,
domination
doubt
duplicate-d
dwell
efficiency, efficient
enthusiasm
entlre-ly
equivalent
esteem-ed
estimation
example exemplify
108
Beers Shorthand.
A V
^^rr
l^ ^
exaggerate-d
exercise-d
expediency
executive
extinguish-ed
extravagant
extravaeance
facsimile
fall
Fall River
February
Florida
forget
freqiient-ly
Friday
fundamental -ly
future
generation
genius
Georgia
give-n
glory
Grand Rapids
habitation
Hawaii
herself
history
hold whole
horizontal-ly
household
humility
Idaho
Illinois
impartial
impenetrable
impossible,
impossibility
impregnable
improve-d
impro- cment
Inasmuch
--/'
TD-
mattention
inaugurate-d
incapable,
incapability
incident-al-ally
Indiana
Indianapolis
Indian' Territory
indicate-d
indirect-ly
indispensable
indistinct-ly
industry, industrial
inseparable
instant-ly
instantaneous
instinct
interior
intoxicate-d,
intoxication
Iowa
January
Jersey City
judicial-Iy
July
June
jurisprudence
justification
Kansas
Kansas City
Kentucky
kingdom
landlord
landscape
larceny
lawyer
-legislate
legislature
liberty
literature
BEtRs Shorthand.
109
^'~r
^^
long, along
Los Angeles
Louisiana
Louisville
Lowell
magazine
Maine
March
margin
marvelous
Massachusetts
mathematics
May
meantime
meanwhile
Memphis
Michigan
Minneapolis
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Monday
Montana
Montreal
morning
Nebraska
neglect-ed
negotiate-d
Nevada
Newark
New Hampshire
New Haven
New Jersey
New Mexico
New Orleans
New York
nominate-d,
nomination
north
A
y
North Carolina
North Dakou
November
number
numerous
obnoxious
observer
October
Ohio
Omaha
opinion
Oregon
outstanding
Panama
/D parallel
''z participate
partlcular-ly
party
Paterson
pecuniary
Pennsylvania
perpendicular
phenomenal
Philadelphia
philanthropy
philanthropic-al
Philippine Islands
Pittsburg
pneumatic
population
Portland
Porto Rico
poverty
practical ly
predicament
preponderance
proficient
proficiency
r.o
Beers Shorthand.
protect-ed
Providence
punctual-ly
punish-ed
punishment
Quebec
recapitulate
reco^ition
regard-ed, real
reg^ret
relinquish
remember
resurrection
reverend, reverence
revolve
Rhode Island
Richmond
Rochester
San Francisco
sanguine
Saturday
school
scripture-al
Seattle
September
several
short
situate
situation
social
socialistic
South Carolina
South Dakota
Springfield
St. Paul
St. Louis
strange
subscribe-d
subsequent-ly
C^
subservient
Sunday
superior-ity
superintend-ed
superintendent
xj ^--v_P supreme, supremacy
(2_^ o o r^ sustenance
system -atic
--^"^ take-n
technical-ity
'-^^ — ^ Tennessee
testimony
' ^-o Texas
Thursday
together
Toledo
^ ^ to-morrow
to-night
^''1 toward
traffic
<:r transact-ed
Trenton
Tuesday
twelve
twenty
unanimous-ly
under
understand
understood
undertake
undertook
union
~\ "^ United States
unless
C_P ^ universe,
^y universa!-ly
-yp J Utah
"^ vacant, vacancy
ff' 7 valuation
3
"*t
§ ?
r-+.
5" i
1:3-
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CD
f^i
5? ^
la
Ci^
5. S
p
^-
the conte
2r
X
zm
o
»
hG
3
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