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 e^o Regional 
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 LIBRARY 
 
 SAW :. 
 
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 .^ 
 
 HANDBOOK 
 
 F^OJ^ K EST ONE : 
 
 WITH A NOTICE OF THE TRINCIPAL OBJECTS IN THE VICINITY, AND 
 
 SOME BRIEF REMARKS ON THE GEOLOGY, BOTANY, AND 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DISTRICT. 
 
 BY 
 
 S. J. MACKIE, F.G.S., F.S.A., 
 
 PXa, ETCr, 
 
 •HL UNIVE 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 J. ENGLISH, THE LIBRARY, FOLKESTONE 
 
 LONDON : SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, 
 
 stationer's hall court.
 
 Printed at "Thk Geologist" Office, 154, Strand, London,
 
 
 TO 
 
 JOSEPH BAXENDALE, ESQ., 
 
 AS A SLIGHT 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE INVALUABLE SERVICES HE HAS RENDERED 
 
 TO THE 
 
 TOWN OF FOLKESTONE, 
 
 Crijts (KuttJe 
 
 IS DEDICATED, WITH THE SINCERE RESPECT 
 
 OF 
 
 THE PUBLISHER.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGK 
 
 Alkham 47 
 
 Bath Chairs, Hire of . . . .746 
 
 Bathing Machines, Hire of . . 74a 
 
 Beachborough and Newington 45 
 Cheny Gardens and Water 
 
 Works 41 
 
 Christ Church, Sandgate Eoad 21 
 
 Corporation of Folkestone . . 17 
 
 Custom House 15 
 
 Dissenters, Congi-egations of . 22 
 Domesday Account of Folke- 
 stone 9 
 
 Dr. William Harvey, Biography 
 
 of 25 
 
 Earl Godwin 8 
 
 Fishermen and Fisheries , . 29 
 
 Folkestone, present state of , 1 
 Ford, Viaduct and Chalybeate 
 
 Spring 30 
 
 Fossils, list of 69 
 
 Geology and Natural History 
 
 of Folkestone 57 
 
 Grammar School 22 
 
 Hackney Carriage Fares . . 74a 
 
 Harbour, Folkestone .... 13 
 Hythe, Town of .... 48-50 
 
 Insects, list of 67 
 
 Local Information 71 
 
 PAGK 
 
 Local Worthies 26 
 
 Lyminge and Elham .... 43 
 
 Lympne, Roman Castrum at . 53 
 
 Maid of Kent's Chapel ... 54 
 
 Monastery, Folkestone ... 4 
 
 National Schools 21 
 
 Pai'ish Church of St. Mary and 
 
 St. Fans with 18 
 
 Pavilion Hotel 15 
 
 Plants, list of 67 
 
 Pleasure-boats 37 
 
 Pleasure Boats, Hire of . . . 746 
 
 Roman Camp 41 
 
 Roman and Saxon Remains . . 8 
 
 Royal Visits 10 
 
 Saltwood Castle 52 
 
 Sandgate, Village of . . . . 49 
 Sea, ancient Ravages of the, at 
 
 Folkestone 9 
 
 Shornecliffe, Camp at ... 5 
 
 St. Radegund's Abbey ... 46 
 Swingfield, Knight's Templar's 
 
 House at 45 
 
 Villages and Places around 
 
 Folkestone 39 
 
 Walks and Drives 75 
 
 Westenhauger and Monks Hor- 
 
 ton 55
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The revision of a second edition is always a pleasant task to 
 an author, as by the continued demand for his book he knows 
 that he has done some service, and that his labours have not 
 ceased to be useful. It is also an agreeable occasion for renew- 
 ing old friendships and for acquiring new friends. It connects the 
 past scenes hopefully with the future, and makes him feel the 
 link there is between himself and the wide and beautiful world 
 around him. 
 
 To my "Descriptive and Historical Account of Folkestone," 
 I must refer such of my readers as may desire more ample 
 information about this pretty watering-place and the surround- 
 ing country, the object of these few pages being to give the 
 casual visitor a brief outline of its history, and to point out 
 the principal antiquities in the neighbourhood, with which my 
 long residence here has made me familiar. 
 
 Few localities possess equal attractions in scenery, or vie with 
 this in historical interest. It was on this coast that the Roman 
 legions made their first attack upon the native Britons, and it 
 is here they have left some of the oldest traces of their military' 
 works. It was over this county their successors, the Saxons, 
 first spread, and Kent was the nucleus of those conquests which
 
 VI PREFACE. 
 
 subsequently extended into the famous heptarchy. It was upon 
 this and neighbouring places that the piratical Danes committed 
 some of their bloodiest ravages, and it was from the five ports 
 of this shore and their dependent towns that the sole navy of 
 England was for centuries supplied, — both in sliips and men. 
 For the geologist, the naturalist, and the botanist, there is 
 abundance of material to delight and instruct. The fine sec- 
 tion of the cretaceous rocks is unsurpassed in Europe, and with 
 the abundance of land- and sea-shells, the various kinds of fish, 
 and the numerous rare plants and insects, make this district 
 worthy of ranking among the best localities in England ; while 
 the little that has been done to collect and investigate its 
 natural objects and phenomena, leaves ample sources of reward 
 for the patience and labours of a naturalist, be he resident or 
 stranger. 
 
 The limits and character of a handbook give but small scope 
 for the thoughts or diction of an author ; the descriptions and 
 notices must be concise and brief — indeed, such a work can be 
 little more than a collection of facts, and, like the sign-posts on 
 a highway, the most our chapters can do is to point in the 
 pleasantest directions and guide to the most attractive spots. 
 
 S. J. M. 
 
 London, July, 1859.
 
 Folkestone Church. 
 
 -S. .7. 31(1 chie del.
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY OF FOLKESTONE. 
 
 " Of our amusements ask you ? We amuse 
 Ourselves and friends with sea-side walks and views, 
 Or take a morning ride, a novel, or the news ; 
 Or seeking nothing, glide about the street, 
 And so engaged with various parties meet ; 
 Awhile we stop, discourse of wind and tide. 
 Bathing and books." — Crabbe. 
 
 I Folkestone is not a large place, nor a gay place in balls, con- 
 '"certs, dinners, and festivities; but there is always sometliing 
 to see, something to amuse and to enjoy, — always something 
 healthful and fresh, and the fine sea-breeze is the freshest and 
 most healthfid of all. There are beautiful cliffs and downs to 
 ramble over, magnificent waves, and the crispest sea, and the 
 yellowest cornfields to look at, and the meniest birds carol at 
 our windows : but the great attractions are the trains and the 
 steamboats that are daily importing and exporting their crowds 
 of passengers ; among whom it is rare indeed, if our circle of 
 acquaintance be large, that we do not meet some familiar face 
 jom-nepng over this well-trodden bit of one of the great high- 
 ways of the world7^p.s the tide sets in, the harbour begins to 
 waken from its slii^ sleep, the steamboats to smoke, and the 
 fishing boats are suddenly found to be manned and to be silently 
 sailing off. The trains come hissing and scrooping down the 
 tramway, and the bell on the port rings vigorously, setting pas- 
 sengers in caps and out of caps, with carpet bags and couriers" 
 
 B 
 
 l~. 
 
 \y'
 
 a HANDBOOK OF 
 
 bags, and large bags and small bags and no bags at all, hobbling, 
 running, shuffling, some all haste and scamper, others so quiet, 
 so steady and sedate, one would fancy they were rather desii-ous 
 the boat should start without them, than that they should reach 
 her in time ; some very polite to the fair sex, and some rather 
 less attentive to their ladies than their baggage, for the latter 
 they do condescend to look after (and pretty sharply too), while 
 the former are unceremoniously left to their fate. It is a strange 
 motley group that issues from those bright varnished carriages, 
 fidl of strange passions and emotions ; some full of joy and 
 anticipation of novel sights ; others going to meet old friends, 
 going on wedding journeys, going, indeed, on all kinds and sorts 
 of happiness; some sad and sorrowful, leaving the cherished 
 scenes of their childhood, theii' friends, perhaps, to "vdsit the 
 sick or the dying ; perhaps going abroad to distant lands and 
 bidding for ever adieu to their own ; some going to make bar- 
 gains, some going to lose those they have made — old, young, 
 grave, and gay,^all help to swell the human wave that rolls 
 along the pier. TWhen the boat has started, nothing pleases 
 the sjDectators (and distresses the passengers) like a good rough 
 sea ; and when she lurches heavily it is particularly delightfid — 
 to those on shore. The next thing to be anticipated is the 
 arrival ; if the day be calm and bright, it is a fine sight to see 
 the swift galley-like vessel, spanking through the water, — the 
 dash dash of her rapidly revolving paddles distinctly audible, — 
 and her decks crowded with travellers and baggage. If the 
 weather be rough, it is certainly a glorious afiair to witness one 
 of these beautiful ships heaved to her keel out of water by the 
 huge waves that roll desperately past the entrance, still rushing 
 onward through the crested foam, like a thing of life under the
 
 • FOLKESTONE. 6 
 
 steady control of her skilful captain. No sooner is the steamer 
 into port than visitors and sight-seers huny along the quay to 
 the Custom-house landing-place, to criticize the good looks and 
 ill looks, the felts, caps, and bonnets, the figures and dresses, of 
 the steamer's varied biu'den. Innkeepers and commissioners 
 within the precincts pay cDergetic attention to all well-dressed 
 comers on shore ; strong odours of coffee and soup emerge 
 from the waiting-room, and the clatter of plates is heard above 
 the hum of many voices. The luggage for London is quickly 
 landed by strong porters and locked up in vans ; passengers for 
 the "great city" adjust themselves on the seats of first-class 
 carriages, and the long train is dragged up the steep incline by 
 a powerful engine — a very Samson among locomotives. 
 
 Now inside the Custom-house the strong porters assist the 
 other passengers in clearing the remainder of the baggage, and 
 convey it on hand-trucks to the platform of the station, where 
 it remains for the owners to claim before being labelled for its 
 destination ; and then the merchandize is unloaded into the 
 warehouses. * 
 
 While these operations have been performing, the steamer 
 has been sioinging, the tide running out, the fishing boats 
 gliding back to theii' moorings, and the hai'bour itself relapsing 
 into a state of ooze, and falling a victim to two booted inde- 
 fatigables and their spades, who by means of those simple in- 
 struments keep it fi'ee from obstructive accumulations. 
 
 "Within the last thi'ee years a very decided improvement has 
 taken place in the arrangements for the conveyance of passen- 
 gers' luggage. A system of registration through from Paris 
 and Boulogne to London has been established, and vice versa 
 from London and Folkestone to Paris. A charge of sixpence
 
 * HANDBOOK OF 
 
 per package is made, and this fee relieves the passenger from 
 all trouble or other expenses whatever throughout the entire 
 journey, and he is thus saved the vexations and annoyances 
 which travellers otherwise experience in having to look person- 
 ally after the security or clearance of their luggage. During 
 the summer season so rapidly is the landing of the registered 
 baggage and the dispatch of the tidal ti-ain accomplished, in 
 order to perform the service between Paris and London in ten 
 hours and three quarters, that those passengers who do not 
 register their luggage are compelled to proceed without it, or 
 to remain behind and follow by one of the ordinary trains. 
 
 Bathing, walking, di-iving, and gossip now come in for their 
 respective reigns before the grand entertainment of the steam- 
 packets commences anew on the morrow, and this interval we 
 will attempt to lighten by a description of what Folkestone 
 once was and what it now is, what there is to be seen in it, and 
 what there is to repay a ramble or a ride in its vicinity. We are 
 not a modem town got up for the occasion, for the Romans had 
 a pharos on our cliffs, and extensive intrenchments of that 
 great militaiy people yet remain on the downs, to which the 
 name of Caesar's Camp is applied, perhaps with more truth than 
 is usual in such epithets, for there are strong reasons in favour 
 of this locality having been the scene of that great general's 
 first landing in Britain. Our name of Folcestan is derived from 
 the Saxons, who at an early period spread over this part of 
 Kent, and near the site of the present Bayle Pond, St. Eans- 
 with, the daughter of King Eadbald, founded (a.d. 640) one of 
 the earliest of our English nunneries. Of the royal saint, as 
 might be expected, many miracles are related, the chief of which 
 Ls that she caused the water from Sweaton, a mile off, to run up
 
 FOLKESTONE. 
 
 hill to her monastery on the cliff, — a feat in hydrostatics, I need 
 scarcely say, more illusive than real. She also lengthened, by a 
 summary process, a beam which the carpenters had cut several 
 feet too short, and she made this a disagi-eeable country for 
 ravenous birds and evil spirits. This Saxon monastery stood 
 considei'ably to the seaward of the existing land ; but, through 
 the ravages of the Danes, was destroyed at a period antecedent 
 to the tenth century, for in the deed of gift of Folkestone to 
 the Archbishop Wulfhelm by King Athelstan (a.d. 927), it is 
 alluded to in these words : " where formerly was a monastery 
 and abbey of the Blessed Virgin, where also St. Eanswith was 
 buried, which place by the pagans was destroyed." Thus it 
 remained in a state of ruin until after the Norman conquest, 
 when Kigel de Muneville founded on its site (a.d. 1095) a new 
 priory of Benedictines, which he gave as an alien cell to the 
 abbey of Lonlay in Normandy. So rapid were the encroach- 
 ments of the sea, that in little more than forty years (a.d. 113S)> 
 this building was so undermined that Sir William d'Averanches, 
 then lord of Folkestone, removed the monks to a new church 
 which he gave them. The charter of inspeximus relating to 
 this gift is printed at length in Dugdale's Mmiastican An^/lwa- 
 num and in Prynne's Records, and ends with one of those tre- 
 mendous anathemas common to the ecclesiastical deeds of that 
 period. 
 
 This Norman monastery was rebuilt, or restored, in the reign 
 of Edward III. by Sir John de Segi^ave and his wife Juliana, 
 and a small portion of one of the walls is still remaining at the 
 corner of Bayle Street in a very dilapidated condition. The 
 revenues were never large; their estimated value in 1385 (S 
 Rich, II,) was £26:16:8; and at the general dissolution, in the
 
 6 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 time of Henry YIII., the total annual value was £63:0: 7, and 
 the net income j£41 : 15 : 10. The Folkestone priory was one 
 of those which enjoyed the privilege of choosing its own prior, 
 and merely paid a small annual contribution to the superior 
 house, fi'om which it was released previous to the suppression 
 of the alien priories by Henry V., and thus escaped the general 
 fate of those institutions. In the Chapter-house, attached to 
 the acknowledgement of supremacy (1534), is a fine impression 
 of the common seal, which was of an oval fonn, having in the 
 middle St. Eanswith, crowned, with the Holy Book in her right 
 hand, and on her left ann a crozier. Above are the Virgin and 
 Child, and below the half figiu-e of a monk, praying, with the 
 legend, sigillvm . commvne . prioratvs . de Folkestone. Of 
 the priors we have but a very scanty history, merely con- 
 fined to a small list of names, of the owners of which we know 
 little or nothing. 
 
 Peter, prior of Folkestone, 25 Edward I., is the fii*st on record ; 
 Thomas is next, at whose death Jacob of Soissons, a monk of 
 the foreign abbey, succeeded in November 1361. Sampson of 
 Sens was admitted by Paschal the abbot of Lonlay in June 
 1372, and resigned four years afterwards in favour of Nicholas 
 Barbarot. Nicholas Cheryton followed him in 1399, and upon 
 his resignation, Richai'd Longe was confirmed prior in October 
 1426. The name of John Ashford .occurs in 1445, and the 
 election of Jolm Combe was confirmed 8th of August, 1446. 
 Thomas Bainys, or Baines, was the next. A commission was 
 appointed by Archbishop Morton to inquu-e into his conduct in 
 1491 ; in consequence of wliich, for his excesses and the 
 dilapidation of the goods of his house, he was deprived, after a 
 long process, in 1493. John Thornton, sufiragan to Aa-chbishop
 
 FOLKESTONE. 7 
 
 Wareliam of Canterbury, was removed hither from St. Martin's 
 at Dover in March 1513, and at his death, George Goodhui-st 
 was collated to this priory, 7th September, 1516. Thomas 
 Barret, the next and last prior of Folkestone, resigned on a pen- 
 sion of ten pounds a year at the general dissolution in the time 
 of Henry VIII., when part of the monastery was demolished 
 by the king's order, but the house and lands were granted first 
 to Edward Lord Clinton and afterwards to Sir Anthony Aucher, 
 the master of the jewels, who took an active part in the sup- 
 pression of the religious houses in this coimty. The last notice 
 I find of the priory itself is in the town-accounts for 1546, 
 where is an 
 
 " Item payd vnto the sayd Edmund for pluckyng downe the 
 chapell late of seynt Eanswyth and other (three) men for a 
 day's work — every of them — v<i. Summa xx^. (Account of 
 Johes Uden, Jurat, Aleynus Weldysh, Custod. Malitot.)" 
 
 The residence of the late incumbent (the lie v. T. Pearce), is 
 called the priory, although it is a subsequent erection out of the 
 materials of the ruins. In the garden and in the foot-paths 
 through the churchyard, some fragments of capitals and 
 mouldings still give testimony of the fonner buildings ; while 
 eveiy excavation in the neighboiu-hood displays hundreds of the 
 sapless bones of the withered humanities — the sole indications 
 of these otherwise traceless existences — which lay within a few 
 inches of the surface, and shew how extensive have been the 
 interments at this spot. 
 
 Although no mention is made in any of the itineraries of the 
 town of Folkestone during the time of the Romans, yet the 
 quantities of pottery, tiles, and other traces of that people, which 
 are found so abundantly, give proof of theii' having had a station
 
 8 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 here. With the Saxons Folkestone was in considerable repute, 
 on account of its nunnery, near to which King Eadbakl is said 
 to have had a castle or foi-tress ; and at the angle of the west 
 clitf there has undoubtedly been one of their cemeteries, for the 
 ground is never broken near the Bayle Pond, or the battery, 
 without quantities of fragments of imis, and iron weapons, being 
 exposed. The town of Folkestone, and St. Eanswith's monastery, 
 are frequently alluded to in the chronicles and charters of the 
 Anglo-Saxon period ; and we have already referred to the deed 
 of King Athelstan, which appears to have fallen into disiLse, or 
 to have been infringed, for King Canute restored this town 
 (a. d. 1038) to the see of Canterbuiy, on the condition " that it 
 should never be alienated by the archbishop without the licence 
 of the king and of the monks." In nearly all the Kentish 
 histories we find extraordinary accounts of the ravages com- 
 mitted here by the famous Earl Godwin ; I say extraordinary, 
 for the circumstances of that nobleman's quarrel with King 
 Edward, arising as it did out of his just defence of the in- 
 habitants of Dover, for resisting, as they were legally entitled to 
 do, the outrage committed by the followers of Earl Eustace of 
 Boulogne, were such as could not fail to render him highly 
 popular in this county, over which, as well as Sussex and 
 "Wessex, that great man's earldom extended. Moreover, the 
 Saxon chronicle speaks of the movements of the combined fleets 
 of Godwin and Harold on this shore, in quite the terms of a 
 triumphal progress ; in fact it was from the Cinque Ports and 
 their members, which were really under his control as well as 
 interested in his cause, that he and his son gathered no incon- 
 siderable portion of their forces, for we find they " took away 
 from Pevensey as many vessels as were fit for service, and so
 
 The Village and Cliurch of Alkham. 
 
 S. J. Mackie del.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 9 
 
 onwards \mtil they came to the Ness, when they got all the ships 
 which were in Romney, Hythe, and Folkestone ; and then they 
 went east to Dover" and Sandwich. This chronicle, the most 
 reliable of any of the accounts of that age, continues in these 
 words — " he (the earl) enticed to him all the men of Kent, and 
 all the boatmen from Hastings, and everv^where thereby on the 
 sea-coast, and all the east end, Sussex, Surrey, and much else 
 in addition thereto," who " all declared they would live and die 
 with him." 
 
 In the celebrated Book of Domesday, Folkestone is included 
 among the lands of the Bishop of Bayeux, and would thus appear 
 to have passed out of the possesion of the see of Canterbury, 
 notwithstanding King Canute's prohibitory clause. It is de- 
 scribed as ha\dng five churches, several mills, a salt pan, and a 
 considerable number of inhabitants ; and a not very distinct 
 passage implies the existence of three other churches, either 
 within the town, or, which is most probable, within the limits 
 of the himdred. From tliis period, to the time of Henry YIII. 
 we can gather but little information about Folkestone ; we learn 
 indeed, from Capgi-ave {Nova Legenda Anglice), that in the 
 thirteenth centmy the sea had made such ravages on this shore, 
 that the Saxon monastery had become entirely demolished ; 
 and the record of the death here of the Bishop of Norwich, in 
 1325, on his return from the French court, shews that as early 
 as the fourteenth centuiy this town was at least a port of 
 occasional passage between England and the Continent. To- 
 wards the close of this period (a.d. 1378) the Scotch and French 
 are said to have committed considerable havoc here, and to have 
 set fire to the place ; but it is difficult to conceive the origin of 
 this statement, which appears to rest on no foundation whatever.
 
 10 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 Lelaud, who wrote in the days of "bhiff Hal" describes, 
 with his usual accuracy, "the pretty small ry^^elet," which the 
 fair St. Eanswith conducted to her monastery on the cliif, and 
 how the to\vn shore was "mervelusly sore wasted with the 
 violens of the sea : yn so much as they say that one paroche 
 church of our Lady, and another of St. Paule, ys clene destroyed." 
 Some remains of one of the primitive monasteries would appear 
 to have been then in existence, for he says, "hard upon the 
 shore, yn a place called the castel-yarde, the whiche on one side 
 ys dyked, and theryn be greate ruines of a solemne old niujnery, 
 yn the walles whereofe, yn divers places, apere great and long 
 Briton brikes." He also notices that the " castel-yarde," that is, 
 the vicinity of the Bayle, a term derived from the ballium, or 
 the space within the castle walls, had been a place of great 
 burial, for " wher the se hath woren on the banke, bones apere 
 half styking owt ;" and draws attention to the quantity of 
 " antiquities of pure gold and silver," wliich the " Lord Clynton's 
 grandfather had here of a poor man." Allusion is also made 
 to a chapel of St. Botulph, which he describes as being about 
 " a quarter of a myle owt of the towne," but without noting in 
 what direction, and it is now impossible to identify its situation. 
 There are some remains of an ecclesiastical building at the north 
 end of Guildhall Street, and a kind of chajDel is said to have 
 once existed by the sea-shore, on the lower Sandgate Road. A 
 large field at Copt Point, near one of the martello towers, is also 
 called the Chapel Field ; but whether any of these may prove to 
 be the site of St. Botulph's Chapel, is more than can at present 
 be determined. 
 
 Henry YIII. himself, who took great interest in the harbours 
 of this coast, especially in that of Dover, visited this town in
 
 FOLKESTONE. 11 
 
 1543, with a view to ascertain its capabilities as a port ; and in 
 tlie following year a pai-t of his expedition against Boulogne 
 and Montreuil passed thi-ough here : Folkestone, as a member 
 of the Cinque Ports, furnished a small vessel of war and many- 
 sailors for the king's ships on this occasion. 
 
 Folkestone was also honoured with a royal visit from Queen 
 Elizabeth in her progi^ess through Kent in 1573, on which oc- 
 cassion she was received with gi-eat state by the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, the Lord Cobham, and other noblemen and gentle- 
 men of the county, who came hither to greet her, and accom- 
 panied her to Dover. This town too shared largely in the 
 general excitement occasioned during her reign by the projected 
 Spanish invasion, and its sailors and ships took an active and 
 glorious part both in the defeat of the gi'eat armada, and in the 
 memorable expedition to Cadiz under the gallant Earl of Essex. 
 The fortifications commenced by Sir Anthony Aucher were 
 strengthened, and guns placed on the cliff; the trained bands 
 were called out, the inhabitants drilled, and a place of ren- 
 dezvous, with the necessary signals, agreed upon ; powder and 
 match were laid in, and a watch imder the superv-ision of the 
 mayor and jurats appointed. From the siuvey ordered about 
 this time of the maiitime places on these shores, we find there 
 was then no great disparity between Folkestone and its neigh- 
 bours ; for while Hythe, on the one hand, mustered one hundred 
 and twenty-two inhabited houses, and thirty-one ships, employ- 
 ing a hunch'ed and sixty persons; and Dover on the other, thi'ee 
 hundred and fifty-eight houses, and twenty vessels, with thi-ee 
 hundred mariners, there were here one himdred and twenty-five 
 houses, and twenty-five ships and boats of all sorts ; and its 
 prosperous condition at that period is shewn by the appropria-
 
 12 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 tion of the surplus money of the poor's fund to naval and 
 defensive purposes. 
 
 From this period, however, while Dover rose to great emi- 
 nence through royal patronage and the favouritism of some of 
 the leading nobility, as well as by the facilities its extensive 
 harbour afforded for the traffic with France, Folkestone gradually 
 d\vindled into obscurity, its harbour became closed, and the 
 jetties erected by the fishermen for the protection of the coast 
 and the safety of their boats in landing were repeatedly des- 
 troyed by the power of the waves, and at each successive loss, 
 the inhabitants were plunged deeper and deeper into poverty 
 and ruin. So bad was the state of affairs after the gi^eat 
 storm in December 1724, that it was feared a total migration 
 of the fishermen would take place, and the government was 
 petitioned for the power to collect subscriptions throughout 
 the kingdom for the relief of the poor sufferers and their 
 families. In 1766 an act of parliament was obtained to 
 raise money for the reparation of the old works on the shore 
 and the erection of new, for maintaining which, a duty was 
 levied upon all coals brought into the town ; and in 1807 
 another act was procured for the construction of the present 
 harbour, the foundation-stone of which was laid on the 30th of 
 April of the following year, by Thomas Baker, Esq., the mayor 
 of the town. The designs were made by the celebrated Mr. 
 Telford, who has undoubtedly seized with great acuteness on 
 the leading points in the action of the tides and the movements 
 of the beach upon the coast, and by adopting the simple principle 
 of running out a horn or jetty to stop the eastward progress 
 of the shingle, he has succesfull}'- combatted with that source of 
 annoyance and destruction, to which all the other ports on this
 
 FOLKESTONE. 13 
 
 coast are liable. The execution of the harbour was not, however, 
 so fortunate as the plan. The orignal capital of the Harbour 
 Company was .£22,000, in shares of <£50 each, in addition to 
 which £30,000 were raised on the same principle ; but these 
 sums proved insufficient, and the harbour was mortgaged to 
 government for a further loan of <£1 0,000. This last amount, 
 too, failed to render the works available, and the directors aban- 
 doned their labours in despair ; the mud and silt choked up 
 what had been accomplished, and the affair appeared a dismal 
 failure, when, in 1842, Mr. Baxendale, then Chairman of the 
 South-Eastern Railway perceiving the manifold advantages 
 that would accrue to that company by its possession, purchased 
 it for the sum of .£18,000 on his own responsibility, from which 
 he was willingly released by the other directors. Orders were 
 immediately given for the excavation of the mud and shingle, 
 landing platforms were erected along the south quay, and 
 hilled steam-boats put on the passage with Boulogne. From this 
 time to the present the progress of Folkestone has been most 
 rapid and brilliant ; a fleet of eight fine steamers has been built 
 by the railway company. These vessels, for beauty of form, and 
 s|3eed, are unsurpassed, and have proved themselves unrivalled 
 sea-boats, — their average of transit being fi'om fifteen to sixteen 
 statute miles per hour. By them has been brought into this 
 busy but compact port, a vast amount of valuable merchan- 
 dize j the quantity of which is daily increasing. To give some 
 idea of the extent of trade, not less than <£1 55,000 is yearly 
 added to the revenue of the country by duties paid on the goods 
 brought into this port by these vessels alone ; besides this, they 
 convey across the Channel, upwards of 100,000 pajisengers 
 within the like annual period.
 
 14 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 Every year seems to open out an bicreased developement, and 
 progi'essive improvements necessarily follow to meet the require- 
 ments of this traffic ; so that there can be little doubt that 
 when the contemplated low-water landing, so necessary for the 
 requirements of this harbour, is completed, the tidal sei'vice 
 will be consklerably improved. Such a low-water pier would 
 afford important facility in dispatching pilots to shipping; ves- 
 sels which are daily passing our port with the signal flying for 
 such assistance, would not then be obliged to run into the dan- 
 gerous vicinity of the Goodwin Sands without receiving that 
 aid from Folkestone which their owners now so justly demand. 
 Nor is it only the shippmg interest which will derive benefit 
 from a low-water landing, by its enabling pilots to leave the port 
 at all times of tide, and m almost any weather. To the poor 
 fishermen the boon will indeed be great, for these men, who 
 have such large claims on our sympathy, would be enabled to 
 bear up at once for port whenever sudden storms, so frequent 
 in this part of the Channel, set in, instead of, as at present, 
 ha\ang to endure for hours the bufieting of the waves, at the 
 serious risk of life, until there is a sufficient flow of water to 
 enable them to enter the tidal harbour. In addition to these 
 advantages, a simple low-water pier would, for all practical 
 commercial purposes, bring the port of Folkestone into com- 
 plete equality with the expensive Admiralty works at Dover ; 
 and might we not then reasonably hope that the ancient 
 prejudice in favour of Dover would subside, and that the 
 Government might be induced to compare the working of 
 the two rival steam-packet companies between England and 
 France, and to draw such comparisons between the accidents 
 of the one, and the hitherto safe conduct of the other, as to
 
 FOLKESTONE. 15 
 
 involve the important question whether Folkestone would not 
 be the preferable port for the transmission of Her Majesty's 
 mails. 
 
 From the main line a tramway has been made and connected 
 with the port by a swivel bridge, one hundred and thii-ty-eight 
 feet in length ; the pier, extended seaward, has accumulated 
 sufficient land for the erection of a station, harbour-house, mer- 
 chandLze floors, and a large and handsome custom-house. Ex- 
 tensive and equally handsome buildings for the examination of 
 baggage, waiting and refreshment rooms, lavatories, and other 
 conveniences, have been erected, fi'om the designs of Mr. G. 
 Murray, of London, and rival, if they do not excel, the best 
 of any similar establishments in Europe. Landings and plat- 
 forms, for embarking or disembarking, have been continued 
 the whole length of the quay, and are so arranged that pas- 
 sengers step on board or on shore without the use of ladders, 
 and the immense and well-regulated Pavilion hotel, which has 
 been erected for their accommodation, has obtained an Eui-apean 
 reputation for the mamier in which it is conducted, and the dis- 
 cipline and arrangement by which the multifarious requirements 
 of the hundreds of travellers and visitors, who daily inhabit the 
 town of rooms contained within its walls, are so readily and so 
 rapidly supplied. 
 
 The old Pavilion was a wooden shed of the most uncom- 
 fortable contrivance and the ugliest possible shape, subject on 
 windy days to spasmodic attacks of cold drafts, by no means 
 enlivening or agreeable either before or after a sea-voyage. In 
 front, in summer, was stretched on the green swai'd a canvas 
 tent. The booth, for it was nothing better, and the tent, gave 
 way in 1843 to a large brick edifice, which was extended in
 
 16 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 1844 by the addition of one wing, and in 1850 by tlie addition 
 of another. 
 
 Nor has the town itself been behind in the race of improve- 
 ment. Yorkshire flags have succeeded the old cobbles ; dila- 
 pidated houses and tottering tenements, that never had any 
 beauty, have been compo'ed into respectability; shops have been 
 new fronted, palings set back, and whole roads and streets 
 levelled and paved. Numerous handsome residences have been 
 built on the Lees and along the Sandgate Eoad ; blue-coated 
 policemen parade the streets, where little ragged m-chins used 
 to lie about making mud-pies or enjoying the soft luxuries of 
 a gutter ; and the town of desolate habitations on a mud-bank 
 has become sparkling with the activity of a gi'eat trade, and 
 with crowds of noble and wealthy visitors. The new town re- 
 ceives with open arms every comer, and delights in the number 
 of travellers and strangers, whereas the old town was undoubtedly 
 walled and closed against intruders, at least on the land side ; 
 and .although no traces now remain, yet a few years since I 
 strongly suspect some portions of the wall itself were removed 
 from the vicinity of Guildhall Street. It is not at all unusual 
 to find mention made in the town-accounts of the seveml gates, 
 and one street still retains the name it derived from its prox- 
 imity to the Sea-gate. Another gate, called Bankers-gate, 
 stood in Broad Street ; and near the town-hall there appears to 
 have been two others, known as the Upper, and Nether-gates. 
 
 The Cinque Ports had their origin in the arrangement insti- 
 tuted by the Romans, of classing all the maritime places on this 
 shore under a chief officer, styled Comes Littoris Saxonici, — a 
 plan that was found so useful and necessary that it was followed 
 by the Saxons, and afterwards adopted by the Normans, who
 
 FOLKESTONE. 17 
 
 put the then five great ports of Dover, Sandwich, Hythe, Roni- 
 ney, and Hastings, with the neighbourLiig small towns as their 
 members, under the rule of a warden, whose office was con- 
 sidered so honourable and of such trust, that the term lord was 
 prefixed and no one of less rank than a knight was permitted 
 to hold it. 
 
 Like the rest of the ports, Folkestone, from an early period, 
 possessed its ovm municipal officers, and was invested with the 
 numerous privileges which were granted to them in consideration 
 of the ser\-ices rendered to the various monarchs by their shipping 
 and sailors ; but it appears to have been first incorporated by 
 charter from Edward I. The powers of the corporation were 
 very great, and included even the right of tiying capital offences, 
 although the punishment by death seems rarely to have been 
 inflicted. An instance, however, occuiTed as late as 1570, as ap- 
 pears from the following entry in the town-accounts of that 
 year: — ''Item, payed to Mrs. Godden for a dynner made for Mr. 
 Maior, the jm-ates, and the counsell of the towne, when the 
 hundred was holden for the fellow that was hanged here, vjs." 
 
 How harsh upon the ear this passage falls ; how much of 
 hidden ribaldry, and mocking jest; how much suggestive of the 
 hundreds of grinning, prying, insulting faces of the hustling 
 crowd gaping on the suffocating agonies which close the wretched 
 culprit's sad cai^eer, lies latent in the laconic sentence that con- 
 cludes this entiy. How much that turns our thoughts to death 
 in all its forms ; its ignominy and peacefulness ; its agonies and 
 abruptness ; its lingerings and hopefulness ; its comforts and 
 miseries ; its ever varied form, yet never failmg certainty. 
 
 The cup goes round, and neither the village swain nor 
 ])ampered lord can put it by. 
 
 c
 
 18 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE CHURCHES, CHAPELS, CHARITIES, AND WORTHIES. 
 
 " Erthe uppon erthe is woundjTely wrought ; 
 Erthe uppon erthe has set al his thought ; 
 How erthe uppon erthe to erthe shall be brought; 
 There is none uppon erthe has hit in thought, — 
 Take heed ; 
 Whoso thinkyse one his end, ful welle schal he sped." 
 
 Anonymous (fifteenth century), Porkington MS. 
 
 Strange, that a churchyard should be in a to^vu — and yet how 
 few towns without them. Their corners project into the busiest 
 of thoroughfares, the tide of every-day traffic flows heedlessly 
 and continuously past them, and children play among the tomb- 
 stones. Not in the fresh eai-th, not in the green fields, not in 
 lovely places beneath the cool shade of waving trees, are men's 
 weary bodies laid to rest ; but in soils reeking with pestilential 
 odours, and beneath a turf bristling with broken bones. Such 
 are the condition of huncU'eds of the great Reaper's gardens. 
 How pleasant to think that the name of Folkestone will never 
 more be found in the category of such places ; and that when 
 its inhabitants pass into the silent land, it will be in the open 
 country, amidst the green shrubs and trim paths of a rural 
 cemetery, that their heads will be pillowed in their eternal sleep. 
 Like an old man that has outlived all his race is Folkestone 
 Church ; the five companions of its youth have passed away,
 
 Ancient Tomb in Folkestone Church. 
 
 S. J. Mackie del.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 1 
 
 swallowed by the insatiable waves, and gone for ever. The 
 chancel of the parish church appears, by its arcliitecture, and 
 the simple but elegant mouldings of its small narrow windows, 
 to be of the early part of the twelfth century ; and in the north 
 wall there is a fine tomb, attributed, but wrongly so, to the 
 Norman lord of Folkestone, William d'Averanches. It cannot, 
 however, be of earlier date than the fourteenth century, and is 
 more probably commemorative of some members of the Segi-ave 
 or Sandwich families. The rest of the edifice, both inside and 
 out, is of very different periods and incongi-uous in character ; 
 notwithstanding which there are many good points. A restora- 
 tion is now being cai'ried out under the super\dsion of E,. C. 
 Hussey, architect, who has designed a new aisle, and intends 
 lengthening the nave to very neai'ly its original dimensions — 
 that is, forty feet longer than at present. It is also intended 
 to enlarge the north transept. This restoration, notwithstand- 
 ing the removal of very unsightly galleries which have hitherto 
 not only destroyed the beauty of the interior of the building 
 but have greatly impeded the sound of the preacher's voice, 
 Avill give an increase of two hundi-ed sittings. The altera- 
 tions, which will no doubt be completed shortly after these 
 pages are printed, will cost <£2G00, to be met by voluntarv 
 contributions ; £2200 have been already raised, which simi in- 
 cludes a munificent anonymous donation of £500. In the 
 south wall of the chancel are tablets to the memories of the 
 Kev. William Langhorne, many years A^icar of this church, and of 
 his brother, Dr. John Langhorne, and somewhere beneath the 
 pavement are supposed to lie the bones or dust of Baron James 
 de Fiennes, who was buried at Folkestone in a.d. 1111, although 
 the difiference between this date and the earliest period indicated
 
 20 
 
 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 by the architecture of the present edifice, cast a doubt whether 
 the site of that nobleman's grave was not within one of those 
 other churches which Time and the waves have swept away. 
 
 A brass inscription in the middle aisle marks the grave of 
 Mrs. Joane Harvey, the mother of the famous physician ; and 
 at the extremity of the south aisle is a handsome monument to 
 John Herdson, one of the lords of the manor, within the rail- 
 ings of which there are preserved the fragments of a stone 
 coffin. Hasted gives a highly improbable account of the dis- 
 covery, during the seventeenth century, of the body of St. 
 Eanswith in a stone coffin, in such an excellent state of preserva- 
 tion that the inhabitants took locks of her hair as mementos. 
 The hoiu'-glasses and medals described in his statement were 
 jDOssibly some of the ordinary antiquities found in Anglo-Saxon 
 graves, and, from the locality, it might have been an interment 
 of that or even the Roman period ; but the preservation of the 
 saint is undoubtedly a poetical addition, and the stone coffin 
 now shewn in the church, although old, is not of sufficient age 
 to induce us to believe it ever contained the mortal remains of 
 the Folkestone saint. 
 
 In the ciypt beneath Hythe Church hundreds of bones and 
 skulls are stacked into one great pile, the origin of which has 
 been variously discussed ; the popular belief being that they are 
 the remains of a battle fought on this shore between the Danes 
 and Britons (?) and subsequently collected and deposited, the 
 one race at Hythe, the other at Folkestone. Various authors 
 have repeatedly asserted or denied the existence of such a pile 
 in the church at Folkestone ; but a few years since, during some 
 alterations near the north-western entrance, on the removal of 
 the floor, a subterranean apartment was broken into nearly filled
 
 Interior of Folkestone Church before its Restoration. 
 
 S. J. Mackie tleK
 
 FOLKESTONE. 2 1 
 
 with the ashes and fragments of human skeletons. As I must 
 again refer to this subject, I shall make no other remark in this 
 place, than that there is no historical confirmation of the stoiy 
 of such a battle. The Rev. Matthew Woodward, M.A., the 
 l^resent incumbent of Folkestone, and whose j^arish comprises 
 by far the greater portion of the town, was appointed to the 
 office in 1851, and is assisted in his ministrations by two 
 curates. By this gentleman's meritorious exertions the fine 
 National Schools in Mill Bay, for the accommodation of four 
 huncbed and fifty children have been established at a cost of 
 <£2400. The buildings were erected from designs by Messrs. 
 Messenger and Keeble, and in the largest room, to redeem the 
 want of church-accommodation in the eastern district of the 
 town, two full services, by the sanction of the archbishop, are 
 held every Sunday. 
 
 There is only one other church in Folkestone, a pretty modem 
 edifice in the Upper Sandgate Road, built in ISoO by the Earl 
 of Radnor, who has endowed it with a small stipend of £30 
 a-year. The Rev, W. Powell is the minister. 
 
 This church has recently had a considerable portion of the 
 town assigned to it as a parish under Lord Blandford's act, 
 under the name of the New Pansh of Christ Chui'ch ; the num- 
 ber of inhabitants within its limits amounting to upwards of 
 two thousand. It is in the course of being enlarged, by the 
 addition of a northern aisle, the funds for .which have been 
 entirely raised by voluntary ofterings, thi'ough the exertions of 
 the incumbent. 
 
 The national school attached to this church is also a neat 
 building, and has been established entirely by the efibrts of the 
 minister.
 
 2:^5 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 All the principal classes of dissenters are represented in this 
 town, and there are several commodious chapels for the per- 
 formance of their different kinds of worship. In Rendezvous 
 Street the Baptists erected in 184:5 a spacious building, called 
 Salem Chapel, capable of containing upwards of four hundred 
 and fifty persons, and which is well filled under their popular 
 preacher, the Rev. David Jones, A.B. The Congregational 
 church in Tontine Street is under the leadership of the Rev. 
 "W. Clarkson, lately a missionary in India, and the author of 
 several popular works on missions. The new edifice of this 
 congregation is of more than ordinary pretensions ; nearly 
 ^3000 having been expended in its erection, of which the 
 greater part has been liquidated. It affords accommodation 
 for seven hundred persons. In this place of worship the seats 
 are free, both to visitors and to the population of the town, 
 the minister being supported by freewill offerings at the door. 
 The "Wesleyans have a chapel, capable of containing two hun- 
 dred persons, in the Upper Sandgate Road : it was built in 
 1852. The Quakers' meeting house is in Dover Street, but 
 they are not now a numerous body. There are also distributed 
 in different parts of the town various minor sects, who have no 
 permanent buildings of their own. 
 
 All the churches and chapels have Sunday and other schools 
 attached to them, which are well attended, and however we 
 may differ in the. tenets of our faith, every one can but rejoice 
 at the amount of information distributed by these means. 
 
 The charities of the town are numerous, and the objects for 
 which they were founded are generally well carried out. The 
 British School, in Mill Bay, particularly merits notice for the 
 excellent manner in which it is conducted. There is also a
 
 S. J. ilachie iM.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 23 
 
 Grammar School in Eendezvous Street, for the education of 
 twenty boys belonging to the town, which was founded in 
 1 674, by Sir Eliab Harvey, the brother of the famous physi- 
 cian. The poorest children only in the town have hitherto 
 been presented to this valuable but much neglected institution ; 
 steps have, however, been recently taken to raise its character and 
 to make it available for the education of a higher class of lads. 
 It is still to be regretted that exertions have not been made to 
 obtain, by subscription or gifts from those possessing property 
 in the neighbourhood and otherwise interested in the welfare 
 of the town and in the progress of education, additional re- 
 sources to make it more worthy of ranking in the list of 
 grammar-schools with those of other towns. The present 
 master, Mr. H. Ramsay, was appointed in 1856, and has much 
 exerted himself to improve the condition of this school. The 
 British and other schools providing for the lower orders, there 
 is no excuse whatever for not making the Folkestone Grammar 
 School take a high rank as an educational institution, even 
 had it been the founders intention for it to have been for 
 nothing better than rudimentary instruction, which I must 
 say I think it was not. All schools of this character were 
 designed to give what was in those days a sufficient prelimi- 
 nary education to those poor lads (that is to say, those without 
 fortunes) who would have been unable to have obtained admis- 
 sion into the universities, where alone learning was then to be 
 obtained, except by the generous means afforded by those noble 
 spirits whose charities have wrought such beneficial influences 
 upon their country, and have been of so much advantage to so 
 many of their countrymen. The revenue of this school is de- 
 rived from a farm at Lympne and the rents of the buildings
 
 24 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 connected with the school-house; it amounts to £100 a year, 
 which, if not a large sum, at least forms a handsome nucleus 
 around which to gather such further contributions as will 
 render it more efficient. 
 
 Of the other charities, the Sailor's Home and the Shipwrecked 
 jMariner's Society are institutions that especially merit the sup- 
 port of both inhabitants and visitors for the great amount of 
 good they are perpetually doing. The former was founded by 
 Captain Hall, R.N. (of the Hecla), assisted by Captain Hathorn, 
 K.N. and numerous other residents, and the object of the latter 
 is to give relief to shipwrecked and distressed sailors and to 
 forward them to their homes. The administration of this fund 
 is under the control of Captain Kennicott, E,.N. 
 
 What a ramble is to the body, a digression is to the mind of 
 an author ; and, as far from feeling the fatigue of our physical 
 exertions, we return to our ordinary occupations refreshed with 
 the remembrance of new scenery and ideas, so, after a little 
 diversion from the high road of our labours, we shall come back 
 with renewed freshness to the familiar objects of our every day 
 life, and again proceed with our descriptions of Folkestone and 
 its neighbourhood. Some may find it hard work to get through 
 the rest of our chapter, but while people delight in their an- 
 cestry, towns will delight in their wortliies, and many a town 
 would give its ears, if it had those organs to give, to possess a 
 name as illustrious as that one which adorns our list. 
 
 Folkestone was the birth-place of the immortal Dr. Harvey, 
 the discoverer of the circulation of the blood. The develope- 
 ment of this fact was the starting point for a new era in medi- 
 cal science, and the result of those investigations, which led the 
 clear mind of the Kentish i^hysician to the detection of this im-
 
 FOLKESTONE. 25 
 
 portant action in the economy of life, cannot be too highly ap- 
 preciated, for upon it is built the whole of the superstructure 
 of the real art of healing. From it we have proceeded to the 
 knowledge of the purposes and uses of the various fluids and 
 secretions of the human body; the properties and utilities of 
 the different organs ; and more, from this it is that we have 
 arrived at the knowledge even of the principles of the influ- 
 ences that our drugs themselves exert in curing our ills and 
 maladies. 
 
 Dr. AVilliam Harvey was born in 1578, it is said, in a house 
 near the market, on the site of what is now Fellenburg House. 
 The family had been long resident here ; and the names of his 
 father, Thomas Harvey, and other relatives, occur frequently 
 as members of the corporation in the pages of the mimicipal 
 accounts. He received his education at the Canterbuiy Gram- 
 mar School: and after studying medicine at Cambridge, he 
 spent some time at Padua. On his return to England he was 
 appointed physician to James I., and on the death of that king 
 to Charles, with whom he was present at Edgehill. Among 
 the ofiices he held were those of Warden of Merton College, 
 and the Readership of Anatomy at the College of Physicians, to 
 which latter institution he was a great benefactor. The presi- 
 dency was ofiered him in 1654, but he declined on account of age, 
 and Sir Francis Prujean was re-elected at his special request. 
 
 Although there is reason to suppose that he had arrived at 
 a much earlier period at those conclusions which have shed so 
 much lustre on his name, it was not until the fifty-first year of 
 his life that he published his remarkable and masterly treatise, 
 Bxercitatio Anato7nica cle Jfotu Cordis et Sanguinis, against 
 the principles of which, the waves of en^y, empiricism, and
 
 26 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 abuse were clashed in vain, or only to leave more imperishable 
 that fame which two centuries have failed to dim, for the 
 name of William Harvey still continues an indelible monu- 
 ment of his acute and successful genius. 
 
 Dr. IIal'^'ey reached the advanced age of eighty years, and 
 his ashes repose in the church of Hempstead, in Essex, where 
 a monument has been erected to his memoiy. His fimeral 
 was attended by numerous friends and members of the medical 
 profession, who thus testified their well-merited respect for this 
 remarkable man. 
 
 John Philpot, to whom is attributed the authorship of the 
 Villare Cantianum, was also a native of tliis town. 
 
 The lords of the manor are of course entitled to rank with 
 our worthies, and the first of whom mention occurs is Robert 
 d'Arcy. We learn from the famous Domesday Survey that it 
 was he who then held Folkestone. At a subsequent period the 
 manor passed by the marriage of Nigel de Muneville's daughter 
 to the family of Averanches. As the greatest confusion prevails 
 in the wi-itings of the Kentish historians on the subject of this 
 marriage, we trouble the reader with a detailed account of the 
 members of this family. William d' Averanches, one of the eight 
 knights to whom the fortification and defence of Dover Castle 
 were intrusted, came over with the Conqueror, and it was his 
 son, Ruallanus d' Averanches, who was the husband of the 
 Folkestone heiress. Of this alliance was born the William 
 d' Averanches, who, in 1138, confirmed the gift of his maternal 
 ancestor, Nigel de Muneville, to the abbey of Lonlay. To 
 him succeeded William d' Averanches, one of the itinerant jus- 
 tices of Henry II., whose son, Simon d Averanches, was the 
 father of the William dAveranches who defended Rochester
 
 FOLKESTONE. 27 
 
 Castle against King John (^.d. 1202). He died iu 1230, and by 
 the marriage of his daughter Matilda, this barony parsed to 
 Hamo de Crevequer, the gi-eat baron of Kent, whose ancestor 
 Ptobert was also one of the eight Norman knights associated 
 for the defence of the fortress at Dover. 
 
 The male branch of this family became extinct in the reign 
 of Edward I. Bobert Crevequer dying without issue, the 
 estates were divided amongst his sisters, and by the maiTiage 
 of Agnes, the eldest, the manor of Folkestone was possessed 
 by John de Sandwich, whose son, Sir John de Sandwich, 
 afterwards inherited it. His only child and daughter, Juliana, 
 was married to Sir John de Segrave, by whom and his wife, 
 who took great interest in this town, the monastery, which 
 was in a dilapidated condition, was entirely restored, and 
 furnished anew with Benedictine nuns. The parish chui'ch 
 it is said, received also extensive repaii'S and additions at 
 their hands. 
 
 Sii' John the younger, succeeded to the barony on the death 
 of his father in 1344, and was one of the conservatores jiocis of 
 the county. Six years later, we find the Folkestone estates in 
 the hands of William de Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon, and for 
 many generations they continued in the possession of that noble 
 family ; they were at one time held by the famous warrior. Sir 
 John de Clinton who figiu'ed so gallantly ia the wars of 
 Edward III. 
 
 For a short period during the reign of Hemy YIII., Folke- 
 stone was possessed by Lord Thomas Cromwell, the famous 
 minister of that monarch, but it soon returned to the Clintons ; 
 and in 1554 the manorial lands were sold to Mr. Henry Herdson, 
 citizen and alderman of London, whose son Thomas dis-parked
 
 28 HAJJDBOOK OF 
 
 the whole of the great park, extending from hence to Sandgate. 
 After passing through the possession of several members of this 
 family, and subsequently of the Dixwells, — one of whom signed 
 the memorable wtuTant for the execution of King Charles — the 
 Folkestone estates were alienated, in 1697, to Jacob des Bou- 
 veries, Esq., of London, the ancestor of the present possessor, the 
 Earl of Radnor. 
 
 The Bouverie family is of Flemish origin, and Laurence de 
 Bouverie, who first came over to this country, appears to have 
 settled at Canterbury. He was one of those that, renouncing 
 the doctrines of the Boman Church, fled to Eglannd in the 
 middle of the sixteenth century ; Edward, his eldest son, was 
 one of the gi^eat Levant merchants of that period, and was 
 knighted by James II. • 
 
 William Pleydell Bouverie, M.A., the present and third Earl 
 of Badnor, Viscount Folkestone of Folkestone, Baron Longford 
 of Longford, in Wiltshii-e, Baron Pleydell Bouverie, of Coleshill, 
 in Berkshire, and a baronet, was born 11th of May, 1779, and 
 married, first, Lady Catherine Pelham Clinton, only daughter of 
 Henry Earl of Lincoln, and afterwards, Judith Anne, third 
 daughter of Sir Henry Paulet St. John Mildmay, Bart. His 
 estates will devolve to Lord Folkestone, the eldest son by the 
 second marriage. 
 
 And now, having briefly recorded the worthy and noble names 
 of those who have been, or still are associated with our town, 
 we will pass on once more to those scenes and jmssing events 
 which form the entertainment of our \dsitors, and the record of 
 which may possibly afford amusement to some of oiu* posterity, 
 if a few stray co])ies of this little book should last for a century 
 or two to fall into their hands.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 29 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE FISHERMEN AND FI SHEPtlE^.— THE SEA SIDE. 
 
 "The twilight is sad and cloudy, 
 The wind blows wild and free, 
 And like the wings of sea-birds 
 Flash the white caps of the sea." — Longfelloio. 
 
 If any one donbted that Folkestone had been a smuggling 
 town, a visit to the alleys and lanes in the vicinity of the har- 
 bour would satisfy the most obdurate disbeliever — indeed, one 
 might almost fancy he had got into a colony of Mormons, 
 Owenites, or some mysterious sect, that held a community of 
 property and goods ; for nobody's front door in any of these 
 intricacies seems to belong to his own house — if, indeed, his 
 house has a front door at all — and how many people's back doors 
 lead into the same passage, requh-es some little knowledge of 
 the four rules of arithmetic to detennine. Then you may 
 go up one flight of steps and immediately descend by another, 
 which will terminate in any parlour or kitchen that you like to 
 walk through ; and if you do find yourself suddenly in the public 
 street, you can disappear into some other bye- way before the 
 most practised detective could secure you. 
 
 Never a house is pulled down in this neighbourhood, without 
 exposing to view a well or concealment of some kind ingeniously
 
 30 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 constnicted in the cellar ; although, iudeed, many of the old 
 Folkestoners will tell you, so boldly was the smuggling carried 
 on, that they have seen the owners of contraband cargoes select 
 their goods on the open beach in broad daylight. Tobacco, 
 spirits, and gloves were run on this coast in great quantities ; 
 but the largest sums were made during the war with France, 
 in carrying over gold for the emperor's troops. 
 
 Occasionally a few pounds of tobacco or a few pints of spirits 
 are seized, but very little smuggling is done now, and it is 
 principally by those ladies who delight in silk dresses which 
 have not paid the duty, that the greatest frauds on the revenue 
 ai'e committed. Fishing constitutes the principal employment 
 of the seafarhig part of the population, and considerable quan- 
 tities of fish are daily forwarded by rail to the metropolitan 
 markets. There are curiosities in the sea, and there are curios- 
 ities among those who get their livings on the deep waters ; 
 many may consider the fishermen themselves to be great curios- 
 ities, and so, no doubt, they are. Their hardy adventurous 
 lives, their familiarity with dangers, their rough habits, their 
 fanciful superstitions and droll observations of natural pheno- 
 mena, their great boots, coarse jackets and sou'-westers, do 
 entitle them to be looked upon as such. 
 
 I must say I like the fishermen ; they toil very hard, harder 
 than most people think who lie in their soft beds till late in the 
 day and shut out the summer's sun with thick cui-tains ; even 
 those who bathe before breakfast are often too late to see the 
 last white specks of their little fleet. Look at their long nets 
 with their thousands of small meshes, theii- long lines with their 
 hundreds of hooks, which they don't buy ready-made, as we 
 better-off-people do nearly everything; but their fingers, and
 
 FOLKESTONE. 31 
 
 their wives' and children's fingers, are busy for hours when their 
 boats are stuck in the mud^ and the world thinks their peiilous 
 labours are being forgotten in the pleasures of the glass, or their 
 idleness placidly smoked away on tubs or doorsteps. They are 
 generally good-natured improvident fellows, who live well while 
 they have money, and starve when they haven't, and have 
 knowing, queer tales to tell you ; not but their tales are rather 
 dreamy, and if you are ever at sea with them you may hear 
 what theT/ have to say, but you must not talk about horses nor 
 whistle. Then they have acute notions of the value of known 
 and unknown objects. Of course a turbot is worth five shil- 
 lings, and a bream, one ; but they are everyday afiairs : only 
 let a stranger take a fancy to an odd fish or a handful of sea- 
 weed, particularly if he drops out the Latin name, and your 
 fisherman never takes a fancy to the price he gets for it, if he 
 sells it at all and does not let it spoil in the attempt to obtain 
 more money. Six pennyworth of fish is worth sixpence, but 
 six pennyworth of anything else is worth more than he can get 
 for it. What a pity they are not natm-alists ! for how many 
 strange things they might bring us ; what a pity ! were it only 
 that they might feel how much they could aid in the progi-ess 
 of that knowledge which is daily extending its boundaries, and 
 raising the human race to a higher place in the scale of crea- 
 tion. With the love of collecting rarities, and the interest 
 they generally take in any account you give them of the habits 
 and structure of the fish and marine creatures they are daily 
 and hourly capturing, how much innocent amusement and re- 
 creation might they derive from a more intimate study of some 
 of the objects which are thus constantly passing through their 
 hands, and which they might possibly even turn to beneficial
 
 32 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 account in their ordinary vocations. But as fishermen were 
 centuries ago, fishermen seem to be now — illiterate and poor ; 
 their honesty, liowever, to each other is proverbial, and one 
 scarcely, if ever, hears of the misappropriation of the contents 
 of each other's nets. A man guilty of such an act would be 
 scouted by his comrades, and rare, indeed, are the instances of 
 this kind of theft. It was formerly called " pickery," and the 
 culprit was whipped and put in the stocks with a ticket on his 
 head. 
 
 In past times stringent regulations were laid down by the 
 authorities for the conduct of the fisheries and the sale of fish ; 
 but no restrictions are now enforced except in dredging for 
 oysters, which are not allowed to be taken between the months 
 of May and August. The masters used to be obliged to sliip 
 their men at certain seasons of the year, " porters of the sea " 
 were annually elected, the fish had to be brought on shore for 
 sale, and not disposed of on board the boats ; nor could they be 
 taken to other ports ; and various other limitations were en- 
 forced, which were supposed to benefit the trade of the town, 
 but which it is highly probable often had a contrary effect. 
 There was anciently a tithe of aU fish paid, either in kind or 
 money, to the monastery, and afterwards to the vicar, of which 
 we find occasional mention ; but in the reign of Elizabeth this 
 tax was transfeiTed for some cause to the town for ten years, 
 and subsequently appears to have fallen into disuse. 
 
 There are now twenty-six vessels constantly engaged in the 
 fisheries, namely, eleven great boats carrying three men, and 
 fifteen smaller craft with two men. During the first four 
 months of the year their principal occupation is the capture 
 of codfish and whitings, by long sea lines seventy-five fathoms
 
 FOLKESTONE. 
 
 33 
 
 in length, with hooks at every three feet. In May the shoals 
 of mackerel begin to arrive, and the fish are fuU-roed and 
 plump, and very different from those which arrive at a later 
 period and have shed their spawn and lost their firmness and 
 flavour. The mackerel season usually extends into June, and 
 from the beginning of July to the end of August the boats are 
 chiefly employed in trawling for flat fish, such as plaice, soles, 
 turbot, among which bream, dories, and other fish are commonly 
 taken. Kays or skates are also abundant, but they are not in 
 the summer time much valued for food, and are usually cut up 
 as bait for crabs and lobsters. The large boats often sail to 
 Yarmouth in August to meet the first arrivals of herrings, but 
 the generality of the boats wait until September and do not go 
 beyond the Foreland : immense numbers of herrings are then 
 taken, and it is not uncommon to see the boats arri\'ing with 
 the fish literally running over their gunwales. The herring 
 fishery lasts through October, and, if north-east winds are pre- 
 valent, extends even into November — a busy month for the 
 fishermen, who are engaged at night in their gi-eat boats with 
 the shoals of these fish, and in the daytime in theii' small craft 
 %\"ith the myriads of sprats that are then constantly making 
 their appearance. The sprat-nets are made of very fine t^vine, 
 consisting of three strands of brown thread, and are in length 
 thirty-one yards, and three rans* in width, or about six yards, 
 with the meshes about three quarters of an inch in the opening, 
 or one hundred to the ran. The herring-nets are a trifle shorter 
 (thirty yards) and of the same width, but the meshes run larger 
 and do not number more than fifty to the rail. Mackerel-nets 
 
 * The nets are made in two or more divisions, joined together, each of 
 
 which is a fathom in width, and is termed a ran. 
 
 D
 
 34 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 are forty yards long, l)ut are narrower (four yards), consisting 
 of only two rans of forty-five meshes each. All the nets are 
 liable to numerous accidents and constantly require repair ; the 
 small rents are of course re-formed and patched, but to supply 
 the general wear the lowest ran is after every season removed, 
 and a new top one added, so that the net is thus constantly 
 kept in good condition. They are always tanned twice every 
 year, before use and after, to preserve them whilst in store ; and 
 for this purpose Sir Eliab Harvey, the founder of the Grammar 
 School, provided a tan-house, for the support of which the fish- 
 ermen were to pay eightpence a time. This being found insuf- 
 ficient for its maintenance, the trustees have appointed Mr. Wil- 
 liam Bennett, jun., the superintendent, and the use of the house 
 and the materials for the process are charged for at the rate of 
 half a crown each time to the inhabitants, and five shillings to 
 strangers, many of whom, from Rye and the neighbouring ports, 
 avail themselves of this useful charity. 
 
 The Folkestone herrings were once in gi-eat repute, and dur- 
 ing the last months of the year, the town was in a state of slush 
 and perfume, with the cartloads which were being washed and 
 dried in the vaiious " hangs;" but few are now cured here, and 
 most of the "bloating" houses have been converted to other 
 purposes. 
 
 The sales on the stade are highly picturesque and exciting 
 scenes, especially for those who, like myself, have a spice of the 
 artistic in their composition ; the fish are brought ashore in 
 small boats and spread out in lots on the beach, when the 
 bronzed owner, with a stone in his hand, continues to add more 
 pence or shillings at each successive nod from the members of 
 the motley group of women "ripiers," fishmongers, and boys
 
 FOLKESTONE. 3^ 
 
 that have gathered round him, until he has, like a true auc- 
 tioneer, extracted the highest bid ; when the stone is dropped, 
 and the bargain rapidly gathered up by the successful pur- 
 chaser. Then the little bare-legged urchins that swaim in 
 shoals, ready to do anything, from the height of mischief to the 
 smallest particle of usefulness, and who aid in the domestic 
 arrangements of their mothers with the few pence realized in 
 staggering up the beach A\'ith great baskets of the finny tribes, 
 and the bags full of coals and wood they have gathered on the 
 quay or extricated from the mud round the colliers — how pic- 
 turesque they are, with their tanned and tattered clothes, and 
 brown features and stui'dy limbs. Babies there are, too, at 
 these sales in plenty; though what tliey have to do there, and 
 why, on all public or holiday occasions we do find such lots of 
 babies, is more than I could ever determine ; unless maternal 
 afiection, and the want of nurse-maids are the causes. Never- 
 theless they all add to the scenic efiect, and if any cheap de- 
 odorizing material could be employed to get rid of the concen- 
 trated essence of dead fish that nature so abundantly forms on 
 tliis spot, we should have the stade swarming with amateur 
 painters, and numbers of scenes would be depicted which are 
 now reserved for the stronger nerves and more determined reso- 
 lution of the ai-tist. 
 
 Of any other kind of fishing little is done here : the seine or 
 draw-net is seldom used, and the bare poles of the kidiUe-nets 
 in Eastwear Bay perish under the attacks of the boring woniis 
 and Crustacea, and dwindle uselessly into stumps. At times 
 quantities of gi-ey mullet are taken in the harbour, and on fa- 
 vourable evenings when amateurs amuse themselves, rows of 
 legs, may be seen dangling round the pier, the owners of which
 
 36 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 are intent on the lines or rods which project in all directions, 
 armed with hook and bait for the various fish that search for 
 food among the sea-weeds and rocks below. 
 
 The sea-side, too, has other and more popular attractions 
 than the fisherman. The numbers of ships of all sizes, kinds, 
 and countries, that are constantly going up and down the Chan- 
 nel, are endless sources of amusement and delight, while the 
 nearness with wliich they approach the shore, renders these 
 scenes so much more interesting than at Hastings, Brighton, 
 and other places along the coast, where the shij^ping is only 
 seen in the offing, and nothing larger than a fishing boat ever 
 approaches the land. Here the leviathan three-decker comes 
 witliin so short a distance of our pier that old shipmate captains 
 recognize each other, and the music of the band and the boat- 
 swain's whistle are distinctly heard; colliers and schooners bring 
 up in our bays, and fleets of vessels often "stand" so close 
 in that we can read the painted letters on their sides or 
 sterns as they "tack" out to sea again. Steamers, pilot-boats, 
 and cruizers, merchant-vessels and traders, from the great East 
 Indiaman or Australian clipper, to the smaller vessel bound to 
 Cape Castle and the African Coast, or some little " fruiter" for 
 the ]\Iediterranean, are all mingled together on the blue waters. 
 
 After a long easterly or westerly wind, when the vessels, 
 which have been held in check for some days in the Downs, or 
 behind Dengeness, take the first breath of a favourable change, 
 the sight of such numbers of ships all in motion at once is truly 
 magnificent. On these occasions, upwards of three hundred 
 "sail" may be frequently counted. But attractive as the ships 
 may be, the bathing machines are still more so on a hot summer's 
 day. Two machines once supplied both inhabitants and visitors,
 
 FOLKESTONE. 37 
 
 and even they did not get worn out in the service, but decayed 
 \vith old age. Now there are eleven, and Folkestone beach is 
 like a fair — and a very gay one too — with the numbers of ladies, 
 gentlemen, and children waiting for their turns, and listlessly 
 casting pebbles in the sea, or wiling away the time with novels. 
 
 Long galleys lay on the shore, and lots of little varnished 
 boats, with bright red and white flags ; the former are service 
 boats, the latter playthings for visitors. They do well enough 
 for a calm day, but are scarcely to be trusted in the slightest 
 breeze, unless under the management of a skilful sailor ; but 
 there are several pleasure boats of a larger size, such as Pope's 
 "Crystal Palace," and Baker's "Duke of Wellington," which 
 are good sea-boats, and will weather any ordinary storm, and 
 which, if any party of friends desire to spend a few houi's on the 
 water, they will do wisely to prefer to the smaller craft. 
 
 The galleys belong to sailors of an amphibious character, 
 called "hovellers," whose principal occupation consists in pacing 
 up and down a small portion of the shore with a spy-glass, 
 which they turn attentively every now and then on the ship- 
 ping. If a ship wants fresh meat or vegetables, or has a pas- 
 senger to put ashore, or letters, or is in any want or distress, or 
 a collier needs a pilot to bring her into port, one (or more) of 
 the galleys is put off and the best bargain made, in which as the 
 hovellers generally have it their own way, the advantage is 
 usually on their side. "When the crews of two or three boats 
 discover a signal at some little distance from their galleys, a race 
 takes place, and the nimblest of foot claims the prize, and his 
 boat is immediately launched. Nor do any of the others follow, 
 unless it be a case of distress, in which all the assistance that 
 can be got is required.
 
 38 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 There are other attractions by the sea-side, in the rocks and 
 sea-weeds, and the curious things which live upon them, but 
 those we reserve for our chapter on the natural history; and as 
 there is much to be seen in the neighbourhood, we will close 
 this and take a few rambles in the green fields and rural places, 
 
 " where the spring delays, 
 And fearlessly meets the ardour 
 Of the wanu summer's gaze, 
 
 With only her tears to guard her," 
 
 And after some short visits to the castles, antiquities, and village 
 churches, we shall return again to the sea-shore.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 39 
 
 CHAPTER lY. 
 
 FORD.— THE VILLAGES AND PLACES OF INTEREST AROUND FOLKESTONE. 
 
 " We may roam thro' this world, like a child at a feast. 
 
 Who but sips of a sweet, then flies to the rest ; 
 
 And, when pleasure beg-ins to grow duU in the ea.st, 
 
 We may order our wings and be off to the west." — Moore. 
 
 The village of Ford is so much a part of Folkestone, as not to 
 be separated from our description of it. Folkestone proper 
 supports it on either side, the Folkestone viaduct comes right 
 over it, and the Folkestone laundry is beyond it. At the corner 
 of the village stands a very red inn — the Eed Cow, and opposite 
 stands a tall wall, newly built in a substantial manner to imi- 
 tate a tumble-down condition. Doubtless I seem to be dealing 
 in paradoxes, and to be rather incorrect in my language ; but it 
 is true, notwithstanding; for it is an imitation ruin. There 
 was once at this spot a decrepit cottage with an ancient board, 
 on which, with nearly illegible marks, were traced the words 
 " Chalybeate Spring ;" but the spring and the cottage were 
 much neglected, and the imitation old wall is the first step 
 to a new spa. And why not ? I am sure the water is not so 
 very nauseous, and if it does not contain quite so large a quan- 
 tity of natural salts as some others, I must confess I think it 
 none the worse on that account.
 
 40 
 
 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 The following is the analysis of one gallon of it by Mr. J. C. 
 Nesbit, of London. 
 
 Grains. 
 Total solid matter by direct experiment . , . 40 oO 
 
 Analysis of Residue. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 Carbonate of iron 0'32 
 
 Carbonate of lime 16'20 
 
 Carbonate of magnesia 0"28 
 
 Sulphate of lime 14-27 
 
 Chloride of sodium, with a trace of chloride 
 
 of potassium 
 
 Organic matter 4*50 
 
 4-83 
 
 40-40 
 
 The railway viaduct is an immense construction of yellow 
 brick, designed with gi-eat simplicity and much elegance, and 
 consists of nineteen slender arches varying from forty to up- 
 w^ards of a hundred feet in height, surmounted by a roadw^ay 
 with a plain parapet. Glimpses of the town are caught through 
 the various openings, and as the ground on either side slopes 
 rapidly towards the valley, the lofty embankments which were 
 here necessary to maintain the required level of the i-ailway add 
 to its apparent depth, and give it an air of grandeur it would 
 not otherwise possess. This viaduct was built from the plans 
 and under the direction of Sir William Cubitt, the celebrated 
 engineer, by whom also the blasting away of the great project- 
 ing point of chalk at the entrance of the Abbot's Cliff tunnel 
 was designed and effected. The quantity of rock blown down 
 on that occasion covered twelve acres, and the enormous mound 
 still remaining undestroyed, although subjected for some years
 
 Railwar Viaduct, Folkestone. 
 
 S. J. Mackie del.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 41 
 
 to the wasting action of the waves, bears testimony to the 
 mighty force of the nine tons of gunpowder thus employed. 
 
 A short distance beyond Ford, near Park Farm, are the 
 traces of the old manor house, consisting of the moats and a 
 ruinous stone bridge with two arches. A humble cottage occu- 
 pies the site of the former residence, behind which two or three 
 fine trees add an agi-eeable character to a very pretty rural 
 scene ; and perhaps from no point of view does the viaduct 
 or the town look prettier than from hence, especially when 
 the long green meadows of the farm are enlivened by the red 
 cloak or gay dress of some rustic figure. 
 
 Farther on, at the base of Caesar's Hill, are the Folkestone 
 Water Works. The supply of water is derived from the natu- 
 ral springs of the chalk, aided by a fine well simk into the 
 lower greensand ; and such is the elevation of the reseiwoir, 
 that the water is thrown by its own pressure some feet above 
 the tower of the church, and the highest parts of the town are 
 supplied without extraneous assistance. Its situation is highly 
 picturesque, surrounded on the north, east, and west sides by 
 the steep gi-assy downs, which are beautifully reflected in its 
 transparent water : it is open on the south side, and we have 
 an uninterrupted view across the meadows and corn-fields, in- 
 tervening between the town and this lovely dell — which in 
 by-gone days was a pleasure-resort for holiday-folks, under the 
 name of the Cherry Gardens, — while in the distance, across the 
 blue band of the English Channel, are seen the white clitfs of 
 France. 
 
 On the top of the downs are the intrenchments known as 
 " Caesar's Camp," the vievi from whence will well repay the toil- 
 some ascent ; and beyond, in the hollow behind the Sugai'-loaf
 
 42 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 Hill, is the Holy Well, sometimes called St. Thomas's from some 
 legendary notion that the pilgrims to Archbishop Becket's shrine 
 were accustomed to rest at this spot. 
 
 If we extend our ramble over the hills we shall reach the 
 little Norman church at Paddlesworth, the dedication of which 
 to St. Oswald of Northumberland, at once links it with the in- 
 teresting history and life of Eadburg, the sister of King Ead- 
 bald, and the foundress of the ancient monastery at Lyminge, 
 to which pretty and interesting village we can profitably extend 
 our walk ; for I am presuming we have started for this excur- 
 sion, though a long one, on foot, and the fine view from Etching 
 Hill would alone be sujfficient inducement to undertake this 
 ramble. The extensive mass of materials relating to Lyminge 
 which have reached our day, renders it impossible to do more 
 here than draw the merest outline of its history. In 624, Edwin, 
 the famous pagan ruler of Northumbria, sought the hand of the 
 Christian princess, Ethelburga, but the diflference of their religion 
 was an obstacle not to be lightly overcome ; however, Edwin, 
 with that generosity and liberality of mind which seems to have 
 characterized him, agreed to allow his future queen and her at- 
 tendants the uninterrupted exercise of their faith, and even 
 promised to embrace it himself should he find its doctrines 
 better and purer than those in which he had been brought up. 
 Thus, through the instrumentality of her own example, and the 
 exertions of her attendant, the Bishop Paulinus, the result of 
 her marriage was the conversion from infidelity of the North- 
 umbrian people. This, with the attempted assassination of her 
 husband and the insurrection, that ended in his death and her 
 flight back into Kent, have passed into the domains of our 
 national history. On her return her brother received her in
 
 Newington Church and Beachborough. 
 
 S. J. Mackie del.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 43 
 
 the kindest manner, and gave her a large portion of the royal 
 lands at Lymiuge j where she built a monaster}', the founda- 
 tions of which may yet be traced in the meadows adjoining the 
 rectory, and in which she passed the remainder of her days in 
 retirement and devotion. Associated at later periods with this 
 monastery, were the abbesses, St. Mildred and Selethrytha, con- 
 cerning the former of whom and the St. Mildred of Minster, in 
 the Isle of Thanet, the greatest confusion and the bitterest con- 
 troversies prevailed between the Gregorian and Augustinian 
 monks of Canterbury. The charter to the Abbess Selethrytha, 
 granting a refuge in the city of Canterbuiy, marks the period 
 of the Diinish invasion ; and, indeed, it is stated that the clergy 
 and inhabitants of this district opposed themselves so valiantly 
 to one of the incursions of that piratical people, that a single 
 priest alone returned to tell the tale of the total annihilation 
 of his comrades. 
 
 The spacious interior of the present church is seated with 
 low oak pews, and shews plainly the extensive additions and 
 rejmirs executed under the Cardinal Bourchier ; while the dif- 
 ferences in the masonry of the external walls are equally in- 
 dicative of the various and many alterations of the original 
 structure, some portions of which would even yet appear to be 
 remaining, — at any rate parts are of very early date. The 
 tower, on which was anciently a beacon, was commenced (a.d. 
 1492) by Archbishop Morton, and finished (a.d. 1532) by his 
 successor. Archbishop Warham. It is built of great blocks of 
 Folkestone sandstone, on the faces of many of which patches of 
 concrete are still remaining, and shew how freely the materials 
 of more ancient buildings have been used in its construction. 
 
 The spring by the road-side below the church retains at the
 
 44 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 present hour the name of St. Eadburgh's well, and was formerly 
 supposed to possess many virtuous properties by the favour of 
 that saint. 
 
 If a couple of miles might be added to our ramble, they 
 would briug us to the village of Elham, once a market town of 
 some importance, and still possessing many attractions in its 
 quaint old houses and noble church, in which is by far the 
 greatest attraction of all — a fine library of old and rare books. 
 
 Lymiiige and Elham, I need scarcely add, can be more easily 
 reached by the ordinary carriage road through the lovely parishes 
 of Cheriton and Newington, which route has the advantage of 
 including the beautiful view from Beachborough Hill, one of the 
 most classical landscapes in this part of Kent. 
 
 Beachborough is the seat of the Brockman family, who have 
 been resident there since the reign of Elizabeth. During the 
 Civil Wars, Sii^ William Brockman defended Maidstone against 
 the Parliamentary forces, and signally distinguished himself by 
 his bravery and his loyalty to the unfortunate Charles. The 
 late Edward Drake Brockman, Esq., a near relative of the pre- 
 sent proprietor, for some years represented the united boroughs 
 of Folkestone and Hythe in Parliament, to which honour he 
 was elected by such large majorities, as to be considered all but 
 unanimously chosen. The present member is the Baron M. de 
 Rothschild. 
 
 The curious conical hill, which stands near the mansion at 
 Beachborough, and in advance of the lofty downs, is a promi- 
 nent object for miles around, and the view from it is remark- 
 ably fine. Beneath lies one of those lovely rural districts, so 
 peculiarly English in their character, in which lane and dell, 
 church and farm, meadows, corn-fields and trees, are mingled
 
 SwingfielJ Church. 
 
 i'. ./. Mackie del.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 45 
 
 together in the happiest combinations ; while sixty miles of 
 land and water intervene between the spectator and the horizon, 
 and the sea-side and the country are linked together at his feet 
 by the sweet little valley of Home Street, over which Cheriton 
 Church keeps its silent guard, and contrasts in its peaceful aspect 
 with the martial lines of men and huts on the camp-ground of 
 the opposite plateau of ShornclifFe. 
 
 Kewington Church is picturesquely placed at the corner of 
 the village, and contains two or three brasses of the beginning 
 of the sixteenth centuiy, with many memorials of the Brockmans, 
 and a carved pulpit of oak ; but the general unoi-namented 
 character of the interior has not been improved by the thick 
 coats of whitewash which it has received from the hands of 
 more than one generation. 
 
 Across that dreary plain, Swingfield Minnis, not far from the 
 church, in a retired spot abutting on the country-road and but 
 rarely visited, stands what appears to be an old farm-house, 
 though if we enter the yard, we shall see on the opposite side 
 and at the end of the building, some of the narrow lancet win- 
 dows and small doorways characteristic of the architectm-e which 
 succeeded to the circular ornaments of the Norman era, while 
 the ridges in the ground shew how much has been destroyed of 
 a once spacious edifice. 
 
 This was the preceptory of the Knights Templars, where 
 King John is said to have given up his crown to the Pope's 
 Legate ; although it is but right to add that the scene is also 
 claimed for the Maison Dieu at Dover, at which place there are, 
 moreover, ruins on the western heights of one of the round 
 churches, and possibly also of a house of the knights of this 
 order, in which this foolish surrender might with equal probabi-
 
 46 IIAXDBOOK OF 
 
 lity be asserted to liave been made. The view from the tower 
 of Swiugfield Church rewards the labour of ascending the cir- 
 cular stairs, but there is little in the interior of the edifice to 
 attract, the monuments having been all destroyed. Beyond this 
 place, on the Canterbury road, are the sister villages of Denton 
 and Wotton, near to which is Brome Park, the residence of the 
 Oxendens. 
 
 On the Dover side a highly interesting trip may be made to 
 Alkham and St. Radegund's Abbey, and on the way we may 
 visit the tiny churches of Hawkinge and Capel. The foimda- 
 tion of St. Radegund is involved in some obscurity, but it is 
 commonly attributed to the Earl of Perch and his wife, about 
 the year a.d. 1190. At all events it is very ancient, for there 
 was a release, in 1237, by the Abbot of Bee, in Normandy, of 
 the tithes of Cupland, near River, belonging to this Abbey ; and 
 there are several charters and deeds of inspeximus of an earlier 
 date. Men of noble names were buried within its precincts, 
 among whom are Bertram de Criol, the great baron of Kent, 
 and many members of the Malmains, Poynings, and Everings 
 (or Averanches) families, and it appears to have occasionally 
 been made the residence of some of our kings when they visited 
 Dover. That the abbey was of considerable extent may be seen 
 from the numerous portions of walls, ramparts, and ditches, that 
 are still to be traced in the surrounding meadows; in the midst 
 of which stands^ — though sorely shattered by age and the pilfer- 
 ing hands of ignorant economy — the massive gateway tower, 
 round which the real old English ivy trails its friendly stems, 
 and covers up the wounds of time and destruction with its 
 ever verdant mantle of green leaves. The chapel and adjoining 
 apartments are now converted into the homestead of the farm,
 
 
 -S^-.-E^-=r^ --•- ^,- 
 
 ^'— i 
 
 . _^-^ 
 
 ^^M^^:g^SS?"^-' _ :;:",;_ 
 
 - -f'=^^Ss?---, 1 
 
 -■■-^5g=^----^ 
 
 ¥^^=^ 
 
 '""fTsfi— 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^^ : 
 
 .1^:=:---^^ 
 
 
 f 
 
 ^^^s^ 
 
 ^ ■" V , • ■'^^ 
 
 
 
 ^tl-> 
 
 if 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 5^ 
 
 I'^yi^f^'^ 
 
 ^^^BH 
 
 ■^^^^~ 
 
 
 Folkestone from the Lees. 
 
 i 
 
 S. J. Ma<-kie del. 
 

 
 rOLKESTOXE. 
 
 47 
 
 and ill theii' semi-riiinous state, with the elegant chequei*s of 
 black flints and Caen stone adorning their walls in patches, and 
 the tiifts of grasses and wild flowers springing out of eveiy 
 crack and cranny, and mingling with the dark masses of ivy, 
 form a natural pictiu-e, in which the fine old porch is a promi- 
 nent and attractive object. The monks were of the Prsemon- 
 stratensian order ; and it is said, that at the beginning of the 
 sixteenth century, the abbey was greatly dilapidated tlirough 
 the licentious excesses of the abbot ; but when Leland visited 
 it shortly before its dissolution he describes " the quire of the 
 church as large and fayi' ;" and adds — " The monastre ys at this 
 time metely mayntayued, but it appereth that yn times past 
 the buildings have been ther more ample than they be now." 
 
 The smoke of the incense no longer ascends in fragi'ant clouds 
 before the high altar, nor do pious monks now distribute alms 
 to the hungry poor. The holy edifice is dismantled, and the 
 only hungry that are fed within its precincts are the joyous 
 members of some picnic party ; and the swinging censers ai*e 
 supplanted by the tripod and gipsy fire. 
 
 Alkham may fairly claim to rank as one of the prettiest 
 villages in the vicinity of Folkestone, and is seen to advan- 
 tage from the hill sides of the long tortuous valley, half field, 
 half down, with its rows and dots of trees, and clumps of cot- 
 tages, and shaded pools and ponds. The chm-ch is of various 
 dates of architecture, having in the north chancel a very ele- 
 gant arcade of pointed arches, supported on slender columns 
 of Bethersden marble ; the rest of the building is simple and 
 plain in its character. The southern portion was built by the 
 Everings of Everden, a branch of the Averanches, the ancient 
 lords of Folkestone, and is still called Evering's chancel, and
 
 48 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 beside the altar is an antique coffin of stone, round the chamfer 
 of which is inscribed : — 
 
 4- Hic JACET Herbertus 
 
 SIMOXIS PROLES VIR APERTVS 
 AD BONA SVE CERTVS 
 FIDEI SERMONE DISCERTVS. 
 
 Of the towns in the vicinity of Folkestone Hjthe is the 
 principal, and is well worthy of a visit. The surrounding 
 scenery is very lovely; its history and associations full of in- 
 terest ; and the curious pile of bones in the crypt of its beau- 
 tiful church has long been an object of pilgrimage. On our 
 road to it we pass through the pretty village of Sandgate, be- 
 hind which, on the high ground, is the camp of Shorncliff, 
 formed in 1855. The huts occupy three sides of a parallelo- 
 gram, the east side being unoccupied, except by one building 
 for the mainguard. There are five ranges of these huts, capa- 
 ble of accommodating about five thousand men ; a commodious 
 chapel has been erected at the extreme south-western angle of 
 the camp, in which divine ser\T.ce is performed every Sunday 
 by chaplains of the Chiu'ch of England, and by ministers of the 
 Presbyterian and Roman Catholic persuasions. A large and 
 well-arranged general hosjDital for the sick has been also erected 
 on the slope above the unfinished battery at Seabrook. From 
 its proximity to the sea, the salubrity of the air, and the com- 
 modiousness of the huts, this camp is much better liked by the 
 military than its larger rival at Aldershot, In the permanent 
 brick barracks on the camp-ground, are generally quartered 
 several batteries of the Royal Artillery. 
 
 Near the military road, leading from the village to the camp.
 
 i'a 
 

 
 FOLKESTONE. 49 
 
 Sir John Duncan Bligh, late ambassador to the Court of Han- 
 over, has erected a very handsome mansion in the Tudor style, 
 which forms a promineut and pleasing object in the view from 
 the lofty plateau on which the camp is situated, its siu-rounding 
 grounds being very tastefully laid out in terraces. 
 
 Encombe, the residence of James Morris, Esq., at the west- 
 em extremity of Sandgate, is also well worthy of remark, em- 
 bosomed as it is amongst numerous trees, through the vistas of 
 which charming glimpses of the English Channel and the oppo- 
 site shores of France are obtained. Cliff House, the residence 
 of ]Major-General Hankey, has also undergone considerable re- 
 pairs, adding to those other improvements which have tended 
 so much to increase the attractions of this favourite summer 
 retreat and pretty watering place. 
 
 Sandgate Castle was built by Henry YIII., and is identical 
 in design with the three others erected by that monarch, at 
 Sandown, Deal, and Walmer, for the defence of this shore. One 
 seems previously to have existed here, for Hasted quotes a wi*it 
 of Richard II. to the captain of Sandgate Castle, directing him 
 to "admit his kinsman Henry of Lancaster, with his family 
 and horses, to tariy there for six weeks ;" of this no traces now 
 remain, though the name given to the hollow near the barracks 
 of "castle hole" probably indicates a proximity to the site. The 
 village rose into repute from the camp which was formed on 
 the heights during the French war, where Sir John Moore 
 trained and organized many of those gallant regiments which 
 afterwards won such glory in the Peninsula. During the late 
 hostilities with Russia the Foreign (German) Legion was sta- 
 tioned here, and the first division of those troops was re\'iewed 
 by Queen Victoria in person on the 9th August, ISou. 
 
 E
 
 50 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 Sandgate Cliapel was built by the late Earl of Darnley, and 
 consecrated in May, 1822. It has since been enlarged, and is 
 now capable of containing eight hundred jJcrsons. It is not 
 endowed, and the incumbent, the Kev. J. d'Arcy Preston, de- 
 rives his ministerial income entirely from the pew-rents. 
 
 The working men have established a literary institution, 
 which does them the highest credit. Their lectures and con- 
 certs are given in the National School Boom, and are frequent 
 and well attended. 
 
 Sandgate is the birth-place of Mr. J. B. Gough, the cele- 
 brated lecturer and teetotalist, who was born there on the 
 22nd August, 1817. His father had been a soldier in the 
 40 th and 52nd Regiments, and after enduring great vicissi- 
 tudes of fortime in various parts of America, Mr. Gough was 
 reclaimed from a life of the grossest intemperance to become 
 y one of the most powerful advocates of total abstinence from 
 alcoholic drinks. 
 
 Between Sandgate and Hythe, near the opening of the pretty 
 valley of Seabrook, the great military canal commences, and ex- 
 tends from thence to Appledore, a distance of twenty -three miles. 
 
 The appearance of Hythe, as we approach it on this side, is 
 very picturesque. On the steep slopes of the quarry-cliff, once 
 over-hanging the salt waves, but now a good mile from the 
 shore, stands the fine old church, or abbey, as some think it 
 once was ; beneath which, nearly hidden in the lines of trees, 
 lies the town, its smoke mingling with the blue mist which 
 rises from the marsh lands, and foiming a hazy streak that con- 
 trasts delightfully to the painter's eye with the yellow beach, 
 dotted at intervals with martello towers and forts. Beyond is 
 Lymne Hill, surmounted by its ancient castle and chui-ch.
 
 SandLmte from the ClilF. 
 
 S. J. Mackie del.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 51 
 
 Hythe is one of the Cinque Ports, and although no harbo\u* 
 now exists, there was once a large and important haven at this 
 spot. In the days of the Romans the eastern mouth of the great 
 estuary, which ran up by Lympne, was, next to Richborough, 
 the most important maritime station on this coast; on the stop- 
 ping up of which by the beach, West Hythe became a place of 
 note. This decaying from the same cause, the natural haven of 
 Hythe rose into importance for a time, but lias now, like its 
 predecessors, passed into the list of things that were. The 
 earliest record of Hythe is a deed of gift of Halden, one 
 of the Saxon thanes, a.d. 1036. At the Doomsday survey 
 it was held to be only a borough appurtenant to Saltwood ; 
 and in the time of Edward II. the town suffered greatly 
 from fire, by which nearly four hundred houses are said to 
 have been burnt ; which calamity was fui-ther increased by 
 the great pestilence that followed. On the western side of 
 the town are large barracks, now occupied by the troops sent 
 there to be perfected in the use of that deadly weapon, the 
 Enfield rifle. 
 
 The early English portions of the old church are very elegant 
 in their workmanship and design, and there are some good spe- 
 cimens of Norman work yet remaining, though much hidden by 
 the galleries and other modern additions. Leland describes the 
 vault under the church, but makes no mention of the great pile 
 of human bones now stacked there, which he could scarcely 
 have failed to do had it existed in his day. The first notice 
 I am aware of, respecting these bones, is that given by the 
 Rev. James Brome, rector of Cheriton, in his Travels throur/h 
 England and Wales, published at the commencement of the 
 last century, who vrrites of this "gi'eat stack of dead men's
 
 52 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 bones and skulls" in these words: "how or by what means 
 they were brought to this place, the townsmen are altogether 
 ignorant and can give no account of the matter." He then 
 adds the suggestion, that the first occasion of them might be 
 the attack of the French upon the town in the reign of Ed- 
 ward I. (a.d. 1295). A neatly written placard, framed and 
 glazed, hanging in the vault, sets forth, on the authority of " an 
 ancient history of England," the tale of their being the bones 
 of Danes and Britons (1) slaughtered in a battle on this shore, 
 A.D. 843, but there is no probability^ in this story; and the fact 
 of Roman, Saxon, and mediaeval pottery having been found 
 amongst them, would incline one to susj^ect whether they are 
 anything more than accumulations at various dates from the 
 neighbouring churchyards and cemeteries. 
 
 In the town are two hospitals of very ancient foundation, the 
 one, St. John's, provides for the residence and relief of nine 
 poor persons ; the other, St. Bartholomew's, originally founded 
 by Hamo Bishop of Rochester in 1336, has apartments in it for 
 thirteen poor men and women. 
 
 About half a mile from Hythe are the stately ruins of Salt- 
 wood Castle, now like many of the martial buildings of the 
 chivalrous ages, converted into a farm. The original castle was 
 apparently Norman, and was held by the Montforts. Henry de 
 Essex afterwards had it, but being included with his other 
 estates which he forfeited by his cowardice in deserting the 
 standard of Henry II. in a battle in Wales, it formed the sub- 
 ject of one of tho.^e complaints which Archbishop a Becket pre- 
 ferred against that monarch, in having thus violated the privilege 
 of his see by seizing a fief belonging to it. The gi'eatest portion 
 of the present building is of the time of Richard II., in which
 
 ^^. -%(^>'^5^- 
 
 EntriUifi; Gate\va\- Siiltwood Ciistlu. 
 
 S. J. MatKieCeK
 
 FOLKESTONE. 53 
 
 reign the whole castle was restored and amplified by Archbishop 
 Coiirtenay of Canterbury. 
 
 The church of Saltwood is about a quarter of a mile from 
 the castle, pleasantly situated in the grounds of Archdeacon 
 Croft, who has expended considerable sums of money in its 
 restoration. 
 
 A few miles beyond Hythe is Lympne, once the famous Portus 
 Lemanis, where, beneath the shelter of the high land, and under 
 the protection of their fortress on the brow of the cliff, the 
 Koman ships anchored in security ; but the never failing change 
 that, like the destroying angel over the houses of the Egj'ptians, 
 has passed over all things around us, has not avoided Lympne. 
 and there was no mark upon the lintel to save it. The troubles 
 of Rome drew her soldiers from this island, and the deserted 
 castrum, subject to repeated landships, has slid down the slopes 
 of the hill in vast fragments, that attest the solidity of its con- 
 struction. Roman \dllas dismantled have been buried by Time 
 beneath the turf and soil, and the great Roman station has 
 dwindled to a hamlet of half a dozen houses and a few shape- 
 less heaps of stones. In 1849, Mr. Charles Roach Smith, assisted 
 by Mr. Elliot, the engineer of the marsh had the ground ex- 
 cavated sufficiently to make out the general form and condition 
 of the military works ; which were of a pentagonal shape, open on 
 the sea side, where the cliif itself formed a sufficient protection, 
 the four walls on the land side being of immense thickness, and 
 having the masonry bonded with nmuerous rows of long flat tiles. 
 At intervals there were solid towers, and in the pavement of the 
 Decumen gateway the ruts worn by the repeated friction of the 
 chariot wheels were very distinct. The excavations have been 
 mostly filled up, on account of the accidents caused to the sheejj
 
 54 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 by their tumbling into them; but still the general plan can be 
 made out, and every one who appreciates the benefits we have 
 derived from the Roman rule, will take delight in walking over 
 ground so fraught with associations of that great people. Above 
 these ruins, on the summit of the cliff, are the remains of one of 
 the castellated mansions of the former archbishops of Canter- 
 bury, and a very ancient church dedicated to St. Stephen, and 
 ])Ossessing some unusual architectural features ; among which 
 may be noted the stone seating round the interior of the chan- 
 cel, and the squint or hagioscope on either side of the tower 
 arch, which, from the subsequent addition, of various portions 
 to the original fiibric, stands in the centre of the pile. 
 
 But the objects of interest in this locality do not terminate 
 with Lynipne. It was at the shrine of " our Lady of Court-at- 
 Street" that the great flames of the Reformation were first 
 kindled by the mysteries and divinations of a countiy servant girl. 
 Elizabeth Barton, the so-called Maid of Kent, who, urged by 
 the priests with whom she was associated to carry the applica- 
 tion of her prophecies and visions beyond the narrow limits of 
 rustic charlatanisn, publicly denounced the divorce of Catharine, 
 and spake in no measured terms against the marriage of Henry 
 with Anne Boleyn. This temerity, however, had soon to be Ac- 
 counted for in the Star Chamber, and Elizabeth Barton, with 
 Dr. Bocking and other associates, were speedily silenced at 
 Tyburn, by that unscrupulous monarch's effectual process of 
 decapitation. But rapidly did the ripple thus raised on the 
 surface of that agitated age, swell into the i*aging wave, which 
 washed out allegiance to the Pope, carried off at one fell swoop 
 the monasteries, and swept from the face of this land the Catholic 
 religion ; and thus have the mumming di^dnations of an epilectic
 
 The Gate-.vav Tower. Saltwond Castle. 
 
 S. J. Mackie del.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 55 
 
 servant girl, so trifling in tliemselves, produced results which 
 have extended to our own day, and which will continue their 
 influence as long as England remains a Christian land. 
 
 Richard Masters, one of her companions and her principal 
 instigator,* was the rector of the neighbouring and fine old 
 church of Aldington ; the carved oak stalls in which, and the 
 extensive prospect from the bell-tower, would be reasonable 
 motives for an inspection without any other inducement. 
 
 ISTot far from Court-at Street and Lyrapne, close by one of the 
 stations of the railway, is the ancient mansion of the Criols — 
 Westenhanger — where the fair Rosamond is said to have been 
 an inmate before her concealment at Woodstock. The mould- 
 ings and fragments of sculpture strewn in every direction, the 
 lines of mouldering walls, and the rushy hollows of the broad 
 moats, as well as the extent of surface enclosed within the 
 various courts, shew how grand and fair once were the propor- 
 tions and appearance of this noble place ; which now, grey with 
 age, and pinched and wrinkled with the frosts and rains of 
 centuries, is wrapping itself up in its ivy mantle, and withering 
 day by day into the grave that Time, with relentless hand, digs 
 alike for human meanness and grandeur. 
 
 From hence we might prolong our ramble through the little 
 village of Stanford to Monks Horton Priory, a very fine ruin, 
 of which the magnificent gateway is particulary worthy of 
 admiration for the elaborateness and elegance of its che^Ton 
 
 * In one of the volumes of the Camden Society " Letters relating to the 
 Suppression of the Monasteries," edited by my valued friend, Thomas 
 Wright, Esq., there are many highly entertaining letters relating to the 
 doings of the Maid of Kent, and the priests and others -with whom she was 
 linked.
 
 56 HANDBOOK OP 
 
 mouldings, whicli are diversified and ornamented in a mosi 
 extraordinary manner. It was founded by llobert de Yere, 
 Constable of England, in Henry II.'s reign, by whom it was 
 dedicated "to the honour of God, the Blessed Yirgin Mary, 
 and St. John the Evangelist," and the monks, who were of the 
 Cluniac order, were subjected to the prior of the famous mo- 
 nastery, of St. Pancras, at Lewes. 
 
 In 1538, the priory and its lands were granted to the Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, who reconveyed them to the crown the 
 same year. They were then granted to Kichard Tate, of Stock- 
 bury, and from him they passed to Walter Mantell, Esq., who, 
 being attainted for his participation in the rebellion of Sir 
 Thomas Wyatt, they were forfeited, and so remained until 
 1571, when Queen Elizabeth granted them to his eldest son, 
 Matthew Mantell, to whose descendant the property still 
 belongs. 
 
 The church of Monks Horton is at some distance from the 
 priory, and near it is Mount Morris, once the residence of the 
 eccentric Lord Rokeby, Stowting, with its fine yew trees, and 
 the remarkable old church at Brabourne, are well worthy of the 
 extra trouble of visiting them. In Brabourne Church is a fine 
 stained glass window, reputed to be of the twelfth centuiy, and 
 numerous memorials of the noble family of Scotts, of Scott's 
 Hall, near Smeeth ; and the rector of Stowting possesses a fine 
 collection of Anglo-Saxon objects dug up at various times in 
 his parish.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 57 
 
 CHAPTER Y. 
 
 THE GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF FOLKESTONE. 
 
 " Calces o' fossils, earths, and trees ; 
 True sal-niarinum o' the seas ; 
 The farina o' beans and pease, 
 
 He has 't in plenty; 
 Aqua-fontis, what you please, 
 
 He can content jq."— Burns. 
 
 Folkestone is situated in the centre of an excellent section of 
 the cretaceous rocks, exhibiting all the subdivisions of that gi-eat 
 and interesting formation. The white chalk, with its numerous 
 lines of flint-nodules, extends from Walmer to Dover Castle, 
 and is succeeded on the western side of the latter town by the 
 chalk without flints — or lower white chalk, as it is more gene- 
 rally termed — in the inferior portion of which are found large 
 ammonites two and three feet in diameter. At the foot of the 
 celebrated Shakespeare's cliff the beds of the grey chalk com- 
 mence rising, and form that magnificent line of cliffs, which 
 extends as far as Folkestone, where it attains an altitude of five 
 hundred and seventy-five feet, and near the approach to which 
 the chalk has been thrown down in vast masses by the under- 
 mining action of the sea upon the soft blue clay (gault) on which 
 it reposes. A rugged underclifi' has been thus formed nearly 
 two miles in length and of great wildness and beauty, the un- 
 dulating surface of which, carpeted with a beautiful short herbage
 
 58 HANDBOOK OP 
 
 is covered at places with brambles and thickets ; and in the 
 various hollows are numerous ponds, which in winter afiord a 
 welcome shelter to the wild-fowl. The " Warren," as this ro- 
 mantic spot is familiarly styled, is well known as the habitat of 
 many rare plants and some of the scarcest insects. The tall 
 cliffs on the land side are capped by a thick drift of red sand, in 
 which are great blocks of tertiary ironstone ; and on tlie flat 
 shore of East wear Bay, a narrow stratum of upper greensand is 
 exposed at low water. In front, Copt Point is seen projecting 
 into the sea, and crumbling under the united influences of the 
 waves and winds. The base of this headland consists of the 
 uppermost strata of the lower gi^eensand, which leave by their 
 destruction a fringe of great rocks, that protect the shore and 
 diminish the rate of waste ; but, notwithstanding, the sea con- 
 tinues to encroach, and tons of gault, of which the upper portion 
 consists, are constantly being precipitated within reach of the 
 breakers when a few tides suffice in stormy weather to demolish 
 very considerable falls. 
 
 The lower greensand consists of at least three divisions ; the 
 upper portion of sand and concretionary stone extends from 
 Copt Point to the harbour, and forms the clifl" on the west of 
 the town ; the middle division, consisting of a dark greensand, 
 appears at Sandgate ; and the third, a compact limestone, known 
 as the " Kentish Rag," is extensively quarried at Hythe. A 
 dark argillaceous sand, intervening between the rag and the 
 "VVeald-clay, the equivalent, I believe, of the true neocomian 
 beds, crops out beyond Hythe towards Aldington, and forms 
 the base of Lympne Hill. We subjoin a table of the subdivi- 
 sions of the cretaceous beds — the last of the secondary forma- 
 tions — in the consecutive order in which they occur.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 
 
 
 
 Thickness about, 
 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Upper white chalk with flints . 
 
 480 
 
 Lower white chalk without flints 
 
 280 
 
 Grey chalk .... 
 
 2r>0 
 
 Upper greeusand 
 
 10 
 
 Gault ..... 
 
 loO 
 
 59 
 
 ( Folkestone beds, or first division 
 <^ Sandgate beds, or middle division 
 °^ I Kentish rag or lower division 
 
 400 
 
 These beds are all of marine origin ; but the "Weald-clay 
 below them is a freshwater formation, being, in fact, the gigan- 
 tic delta of a large river, rivalling in extent that of the Ganges. 
 It was in the continuation of these latter beds in Sussex, that 
 Dr. Mantell discovered the remains of that enormous reptile, 
 the iguanodon ; and they were formerly, both during the Eoman 
 era, and at a later period, worked for iron. The railings round 
 St. Paul's Cathedral were cast at Lamberhurst, and cannon was, 
 dui-ing the middle ages, so extensively exported from the AVeakls 
 of Kent and Sussex, as to have attracted the attention of govern- 
 ment on more than one occasion. The shelly limestone known 
 as Bethersden and Purbeck marbles are a pai-t of the Wealden 
 series, and from their capability of receiving a high polish, and 
 their ornamental appearance, they were extensively used for 
 ecclesiastical purposes, especially during the thirteenth and 
 fourteenth centuries. 
 
 The gault, however, is the greatest attraction at Folkestone 
 for the geologist ; its fossils are extremely beautiful, and in no 
 place in the world are they more numerous or so well preserved. 
 Ammonites, nautili, hamites, belemnites, are found by himdreds, 
 and the remains of fish, reptiles, crabs, and numerous genera
 
 60 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 and species of marine shells, bryozoa, and other marine produc- 
 tions may be also collected. The most common and chai'acter- 
 istic species are : 
 
 Ammonites lautus Hamites atteniiatus 
 splendens Belemnites minimus 
 
 tuberculatus Nucula pectinata 
 
 Benettiauus ovata 
 
 varicosus Inoceramus sulcatus 
 
 concentricus 
 
 The Rev. James Brome, rector of Cheriton, in his quaint but 
 excellent Travels over England and Wales, "printed for Rob. 
 Gosling, at the Mitre, over against Chancery Lane, and in Fleet 
 Street," a.d. 1707, gives us one of the earliest notices of the 
 fossils of this stratum. 
 
 At the corner of the West Cliff, immediately under the Bat- 
 tery, the lower greensand is capped by a deposit of marl and 
 flint-gravel of the newer tertiaiy or pleistocene period, contain- 
 ing the bones of mammoth, ox, stag, hyaena, hippopotamus, Irish 
 deer, etc., and in the marly portion several species of fossil snails. 
 This bone-bed was discovered in 1851, and described in the Geo- 
 logical Society's Journal for that year, by the author of the 
 present Guide, whose large collection of the remains of these 
 extinct mammalia from the excavations for Mr. Craxford's 
 house, and others since made at this spot, is now in the Town 
 Museum. This pleistocene stratum is about nine feet thick, 
 consisting of whitish loam with a base of flint-pebbles and 
 boulders ; the former are small and round, the latter gene- 
 rally angular. With these are associated fragments of iron- 
 stone, nodules of phosphate of lime, and fossils from the gault. 
 The deposit is very limited in extent, being merely a small tri-
 
 FOLKESTONE. 61 
 
 angular patch scarcely spreading beyond the site of the Battery, 
 and disconnected with anything else in the neighbourhood ; the 
 common red brick-earth of this district, from which bones of the 
 great fossil ox (^Bos primigenms), deer, and horse have been ob- 
 tained, being of more recent origin. 
 
 The calcareous marl appears to have been principally derived 
 from the waste of the chalk, the little Terehratula rigida and 
 other small characteristic fossils being of frequent occurrence, 
 while a microscopic investigation confirms this view, by dis- 
 playing foraminifera and other minute organisms of the upper 
 cretaceous beds in great abundance. 
 
 List of Organic Remains from *'Bone Bed." 
 
 Elephas primigenius Cervas elephas 
 
 Hippopotamus major Megaceros Hibemicus. 
 
 Bos primigenius Equus 
 
 — urus Hyaena spelaea 
 
 — lougifrous 
 
 Shells. 
 Helix nemoralis HeUx concinna 
 
 The brick-earth attains frequently a thickness of fifteen or 
 twenty feet, but mammalian remains are not common in it in 
 this locality. The following species have, however, been met 
 with : — 
 
 Bos primigenius Sus scrofa 
 
 — urus Equus 
 
 Cervus elephas Whale? 
 
 Shells. 
 
 Helix concinua 
 
 Pupa 
 
 Succinea oblonga
 
 62 H.S>JDBOOK OF 
 
 A large fragment of the javvboue of a whale was given 
 me by William Bateman, Jim., Esq., who obtained it of one 
 of the workmen employed in the erection of Mill Bay Works ; 
 but as I was not present at the excavation, I cannot state the 
 mineral character of the bed in which it was found, although I 
 have no doubt of its having been extracted from the ordinary 
 brick-earth. A vertebra was also discovered during the late 
 alterations at the Battery, and was presented to me by Captain 
 Freeth, R.E. ; all these specimens are now in the Town Museum. 
 I may here add that antlers of deer (Cervus tarandus) were 
 found in making the new reservoir of the water-works ; and 
 that the skulls and bones of wolves are of common occurrence 
 in the supei-ficial soil of this district. 
 
 The chalk hills, as I have already observed of the cliffs in the 
 Warren, are capped by a deposit of highly ferruginous sand and 
 dark brown clay belonging to the tertiary era ; a fine section of 
 which is to be seen near the turnpike on the Dover road, exhi- 
 biting numerous fragments and boulders of compact ironstone, 
 impasted in which fragments of chalk and flint are sometimes 
 found. This drift has been referred to the " plastic clay" but its 
 origin is not well understood, it may belong to an earlier or to a 
 later period. No organic remains have been found in it except 
 some small pieces of wood perforated by the teredo, which were 
 found by the author near Acrise, and Mr. Prestwich has found 
 casts of marine shells in a sand-pipe at Lenham in this county, 
 which are possibly referable to the Crag-period ; an account 
 of these is given in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological 
 Society for 1858. 
 
 The description of Folkestone and the numerous objects of 
 interest to which I have had to devote so many pages, has cur-
 
 FOLKESTONE. 63 
 
 tailed most materially the space to be allotted to the natural 
 history of this district ; indeed, to do justice to this subject, 
 more than a volume would be required, for the country around 
 abounds in rarities, and would furnish specimens of the gi^eater 
 portion of the British forms of vegetable and animal life. An 
 hom-'s search among the rocks alone would discover more living 
 things than we could learn the history of in a month. In the 
 deep pools among the sea-weeds we may take that ugly little 
 monster, the '-father lasher" (Cottv^ huhalis), the pipe-fish, and 
 various other members of the tribes of rock-fish. The tiny 
 shallow saucers that are seated everywhere on the spray-worn 
 surface of the stones, contain mp-iads of entomostraca, diato- 
 macese, and small crustaceans j while the sea-weeds themselves, 
 and the zoophytes that abound on their fronds and stems, offer 
 worlds for investigation, whose wonders excite our admii^tion, 
 and amaze us with the display of the wisdom and benevolence of 
 an Almighty Providence. 
 
 The common earth-worm has something repulsive in the ap- 
 pearence of its red and naked skin ; but the worms of the shore 
 dazzle us with the brilliancy of their colours and delight us with 
 the elegance of their forms, and the vivacity and gi-acefulness 
 of their motions. How beautiful are the green and party- 
 coloured nereids, with their tufts of sette ! how exquisite are the 
 branchial filaments of the stony-cased serpula ! Search the dark 
 fronds of the Fucus serratus for tiny white specks, like small 
 snails, stuck carefully on, and if you have a friend possessed of 
 a good microscope, make him shew you one of these little things, 
 and you will admit, as many a practised observer has done 
 before you, that a more lovely microscopic object than the 
 Sjnrorbis nautiloides does not exist. Look at that exquisite
 
 64 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 bundle of glass-like tentacles, fringed up and down with fine 
 cilia, whose incessant paddling motion casts a halo of softened 
 light around each limb, and by the strong currents they produce 
 in the water, cause animalcules and small particles of alimentary 
 substances to be brought within access of the mouth. See, now, 
 the little creature has shut himself entirely uj) with that singu- 
 lar plug, that, like a buoy with a rope, has been dancing about, 
 in the midst of its long arms, and which it has now pulled into 
 the orifice of its shell, and there is our friend perfectly inaccessible 
 to any obnoxious visitor's intrusion. Then there are the actiniae, 
 those curious sea-flowers, " sea-anemones," as they are termed, 
 passing their comfortless lives upon cold stones. Some of them 
 by the bye, make a bed for themselves in the gravel, and some 
 travel-smitten species make fortuitous journeys on crab's backs. 
 Talking of crabs, what lots there are of these side-walking gentry, 
 of all sorts, shapes, and sizes, among our rocks. And prawns 
 and lobsters too. Shrimps abound on the sands, on which also 
 in the warm season, we shall find stranded hundreds of jelly- 
 fishes, and thousands of the little gelatinous bodies of the beroe 
 {Cydippe inUus). Take some of these latter home and put them 
 in a glass of salt water, and the balloon-like animals will paddle 
 away witli their four rows of cilia and their two long streamers, 
 apparently as happy as those mythical types of happiness, the 
 " sand-boys." 
 
 I doubt not many persons might often visit our rocks with- 
 out seeing anything more than a few periwinkles and limpets. 
 But if nothing more be found, take a few of these home, and 
 an examination of their tongues will cause the utmost astonish- 
 ment, if the structure of those organs was i)reviously unknown. 
 The tongue of a good sized limpet is nearly an inch and a
 
 FOLKESTONE. 65 
 
 half long, and contains upwards of nineteen hundred teeth. 
 Then the muscular action by which it is moved is equally 
 curious ; one set of muscles forms a round ball, over which 
 this formidable instrument is worked backward and forward 
 by another set, like the half-action of a circular saw. 
 
 The masticatory apparatus of whelks, periwinkles, and other 
 shell-fish, as also of snails, and other terrestrial mollusca, are 
 equally interesting, and are very characteristic of the habits and 
 organization of the different species of Gasteropoda. 
 
 Our rocks abound with beautiful sea-weeds, well worthy of 
 collection from the elegance of their forms ; and our delightful 
 hills and downs, so tempting in their very look to the pedes- 
 trian, are equally so to the botanist ; indeed a catalogue of all 
 the plants found in this neighbourhood, would include most of 
 the known British species. 
 
 I should have wished to have dwelt longer on these subjects, 
 so congenial to my tastes and habits, but perhaps, after all, 
 what I have here said is quite sufiicient for a work of this cha- 
 racter. A painter will of course be fond of pictures, and I feel 
 I shall be forgiven, as a naturalist and geologist, for the desire 
 to linger over those objects, the study of which has been a 
 source of pleasure for years, and the solace of hours that might 
 otherwise have been sad and dreaiy, as many hours will be in 
 the long battle of life. 
 
 And now, gentle reader, as I have come to my last page, I 
 must take my leave of thee; and although I can never know all 
 the good offices of this little book, yet as the humblest peasant, 
 after directing the stranger's footsteps through some favourite 
 path, goes back to her cottage with a brighter smile ; so shall 
 
 F
 
 CG HANDBOOK OF 
 
 I return to heavier labours and the more anxious duties of life, 
 with the agi-eeable thought^, that, silently and unknowingly, I 
 shall be the companion of many friends, and the guide to 
 pleasant places. 
 
 Again, gentle reader, with my best wishes, I take my leave 
 of thee, and may 
 
 " Peace be around thee, wherever thou rov'st; 
 May life be foi' thee one summer's day, 
 And all that thou wishest, and all that thou lov'st, 
 Come smiling around thy sunny way ! 
 
 Autumn has ended, and the bleak winds of winter beat chill- 
 ingly against the cheek ; the sea is dark and boisterous, and 
 the white steam curls densely against the leaden sky. At the 
 nursery windows the bright faces of merry children are no longer 
 seen, and the great Newfoundland dog curls himself up in his 
 kennel and dreams of his former playmates. Rows of houses 
 look dismal with their blinds drawn down, and the " poverty 
 patches," (as the labels, "To Let," are facetiously called,) 
 hanging undusted in their windows ; in fact, most of them, 
 like the moles and the bats, have hybernated for the winter, 
 to be wakened into fresh life by the genial breath of spring.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 
 
 C7 
 
 LIST OB^ RARE INSECTS 
 {LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA) 
 
 FOUND IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Lepidoptera. 
 
 Colias edusa, September. 
 
 ,, hyale, August 
 Pieris Daplidice, May and August. 
 Argynnis Lathonia, August. 
 
 ,, Aglaia, August. 
 Chocrocampa Celerio, October. 
 
 „ Galii, August. 
 
 Acherontia Atropos, October. 
 Spielotis cataleuca, August. 
 
 Carabus auratus. 
 Liciuus depressus. 
 ,, silphoides. 
 Callistus lunatis. 
 Pterostichus dimidiatus. 
 ,, ruficollis 
 
 Clematis vitalba 
 Ranunculus circinatus 
 Ranunculus peltatus 
 Helliborus viridus 
 Aquilegia vtilgaris 
 Delphinium consolida 
 Papaver hybridum 
 Papavei- somniferum 
 Lepidium draba 
 Cochlearia Danica 
 Koniga mai'itima 
 Cheirauthus Cheiri 
 Brassica oleracea 
 Dianthus amieria 
 Saponaria officinalis 
 Sileue quinquevulnera 
 
 Aporophila austmlis, September. 
 Heliotliis marginata, July. 
 
 „ dipsacea, July. 
 Plusia orichalcea, August. 
 Aspiiates citraria, Jime and August. 
 
 ,, gilvaria, August. 
 Eupitbecia ultimaria, September. 
 Odontia dentalis, July. 
 Stigmonota Leplastriaua, August, 
 
 Coleoptera. 
 
 
 Zabrus piger 
 
 
 Amai-a patricia 
 
 
 Harpalus depi-essus. 
 
 
 Melolontha Fullo. 
 
 
 Drilus flavescens. 
 
 
 Rhinobatus planus. 
 
 
 IE OF THE RARER PLANTS 
 
 URHOOD of FOLKESTONE AND 
 
 SANDGATE. 
 
 Hedges on the chalk 
 
 July. 
 
 Military Canal 
 
 June. 
 
 Postliug Wood 
 
 March. 
 
 Lyminge 
 
 June. 
 
 Corn Fields, Sandgate 
 
 August, 
 
 Chalk 
 
 July. 
 
 UndercliflF, Sandgate 
 
 July. 
 
 Undercliff, Sandgate 
 
 May. 
 
 Hythe Beach 
 
 April. 
 
 Cliflf, near Folkestone 
 
 June. 
 
 Saltwood Castle 
 
 May. 
 
 Lydden Spout 
 
 May. 
 
 Sandgate 
 
 JulV. 
 
 Coolinge 
 
 Augu.-^t. 
 
 Sandgate 
 
 July.
 
 Sileue nutans 
 Cerastium atrovirens 
 Althioa officinalis 
 Lavatera arborea 
 Medicago denticulata 
 Trigonella oi-nithopodioides 
 Trifolium subterraueum 
 Tritblium glomeratum 
 Trifolium suffocatum 
 Trifolium fragiferuni 
 Astragalus glyciphillus 
 Hippocrepis comosa 
 "N'icia bithyuica 
 Latliyi'us Aphaca 
 LathjTus Nissolia 
 Tamarix anglica 
 Bryonia dioica 
 Eryugiuui maritimum 
 Carum carui 
 Foeniculum vulgare 
 Bupleurum tenuissimum 
 Crithmum martimum 
 Pastinaca sativa 
 Viburnum Lantana 
 Lonicera Xylosteum 
 Asperula cynanchica 
 Lactuca virosa 
 Lactuca muralis 
 Crepis biennis 
 Centaurea calcitrapa 
 Inula Conyza 
 Campanula Trachelium 
 Ligustrum vulgare 
 Chlora perfoliata 
 Solanum nigrum 
 Hyoscyamus niger 
 Linaria Cynibalaria 
 Linaria sjmria 
 Lynaria elatine 
 Orobanche major 
 Orobanche caryophyllacea 
 Lathraea squamaria 
 Hottonia palustris 
 
 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 
 Shorne Cliff 
 
 June. 
 
 Sandgate 
 
 May. 
 
 Hythe 
 
 July. 
 
 Sandgate 
 
 September. 
 
 Undercliff, Sandgate 
 
 May. 
 
 Shorne Cliff 
 
 May. 
 
 Sandgate 
 
 May. 
 
 Shoi-ne Cliff 
 
 June. 
 
 Hythe 
 
 June. 
 
 Sandgate 
 
 August. 
 
 Canterbury Road, Folkestone 
 
 July. 
 
 Eastwear Bay 
 
 May. 
 
 Undercliff, Sandgate 
 
 May. 
 
 Undercliff, Sandgate 
 
 June. 
 
 Shorne Cliff 
 
 June. 
 
 Sandgate 
 
 July. 
 
 Shorne Cliff 
 
 June. 
 
 Hythe Beach 
 
 July. 
 
 Broadmead 
 
 June. 
 
 Undercliff 
 
 July. 
 
 Turf, west of Sandgate 
 
 August. 
 
 Lydden Spout 
 
 August. 
 
 Undercliff 
 
 July. 
 
 Hedges on the Chalk 
 
 April 
 
 Hythe 
 
 June. 
 
 On the Chalk 
 
 July. 
 
 Lydden Spout 
 
 July. 
 
 Hythe 
 
 June. 
 
 Cheriton 
 
 August. 
 
 Eastwear Bay 
 
 August. 
 
 Sandgate 
 
 August. 
 
 Beachborough 
 
 August. 
 
 Undercliff 
 
 July. 
 
 Beachborough 
 
 July. 
 
 Sandgate 
 
 July. 
 
 Hythe 
 
 July. 
 
 Coolinge 
 
 May. 
 
 Com6elds, Beachborough 
 
 August. 
 
 Cornfields, Beachborough 
 
 August. 
 
 Shorne Cliff 
 
 June. 
 
 Lydden Spout 
 
 June. 
 
 Postling Copse 
 
 April. 
 
 Ditches, Lympne 
 
 May.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 
 
 69 
 
 Statice binervosa 
 Hippophae rhamnoides 
 Euphorbia Lathyrus 
 Spiranthes autumnalis 
 Epipactis gi-andiflora 
 Orchis morio 
 Orchis ustulata 
 Orchis pyramidalis 
 Habenaria chlorantha 
 Ophrys apifera 
 Ophrys fucifei-a 
 Ophrys arachnites 
 Ophrys muscifera 
 Iris foetidissima 
 Paris quadrifolia 
 Polypodium serratum 
 
 Eastwear Bay 
 
 Undercliff 
 
 Waste land, Sandgate 
 
 Cffisar's Hill 
 
 Beachborough 
 
 Paddlesworth 
 
 On the Chalk 
 
 Undercliff 
 
 Woods, Broad mead 
 
 On the Chalk 
 
 On the Chalk 
 
 On the Chalk 
 
 On the Chalk 
 
 Undercliff 
 
 Beachborough 
 
 Saltwood 
 
 August. 
 
 Api-il. 
 
 July. 
 
 October. 
 
 June. 
 
 May. 
 
 May. 
 
 July. 
 
 June. 
 
 June. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 July. 
 
 May. 
 
 September. 
 
 CATALOGUE OF FOSSILS FOUND IN THE GAULT 
 
 PLANTS. 
 
 Fucoidal markings. 
 
 FORAMINIFERA. 
 
 Cristellaria obsoleta 
 
 rotulota. 
 
 Deutalina gi-acilis 
 
 legumen. 
 
 sulcata. 
 
 Frondicularia Cordai. 
 inversa. 
 
 Gaudryna sp. 
 
 Marginula sp. 
 Nodosaria obscura, 
 Rosalina ammonoides. 
 Rotalina caracolla 
 
 umbihcata 
 
 Spirolina sp. 
 Textularia sp. 
 Yaginulina costulata. 
 Verneuilina tricarinata. 
 
 ZOOPHYTA. 
 
 Cyathina Bowerbaukii. 
 
 AT FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Trochocyathus Harvey- 
 anus 
 
 Konigi. 
 
 Trochosmilia sulcata 
 
 ECHINODERMATA. 
 
 Cardiaster ( ? ) 
 Cidaris Gaultina. 
 
 sp. (S. J. M.) 
 
 Hemiaster asterias. 
 Baileyi. 
 
 minimus. 
 
 Pentacrinus Fittoni, 
 
 ARTICULATA. 
 
 Serpula antiquata. 
 
 articulata. 
 
 _ sp. (S. J. M.) 
 
 Vermicularia umbouata. 
 
 CIRRIPEDIA. 
 
 Pollicipes unguis. 
 
 poUtus. 
 
 rigidus. 
 
 Scalpellum arcuatum. 
 
 CRUSTACEA. 
 
 Astacus? large species 
 
 (Beckles). 
 Bairdia angusta, 
 
 Harrisiana. 
 
 C}i;here punctatvda. 
 Cythereis cihata. 
 
 cornuta. 
 
 Gaultina. 
 
 inten-upta. 
 
 quadi-ilatera. 
 
 tripHcata. 
 
 CythereDa appendicu- 
 
 lata. 
 
 Munsteri. 
 
 ovata. 
 
 Williamsoniana. 
 
 Cytheridia Jonesiana. 
 Etyus (?) ilartini. 
 Notopocorystes Bechei. 
 
 Broderipii. 
 
 Stoke sL
 
 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 BUACHIOPODA.. 
 
 Tcrebi-atella 
 
 (Kingeana) lima. 
 Terebratula obtusa. 
 
 Dentalium ellipticum. 
 Murex Calcar. 
 Xatica Cassi.sina. 
 
 Clementina. 
 
 Gaultina. 
 
 LAMELLIBRAXCHIATA, 
 MOXOMYARIA. 
 
 Exogyra conica. 
 Gervillia solenoides. 
 Inoceramus conceutricus. 
 
 ■ Crispii. 
 
 • sulcatus. 
 
 Lima Cottaldina. 
 
 elongata. 
 
 Ostrea macroptera. 
 Pecten orbicularis. 
 Perna Rauliniana. 
 Plicatula pectiuoides. 
 
 LAMELLIBRANCHIATA, 
 DIM Y ARIA. 
 
 Anatina simplex. 
 Cardita tenuicosta. 
 Cytherea pavva. 
 Ga.stroclia:na pyriformis, 
 Mytilus Galliennei. 
 Ncccra (?) undulata. 
 Nucula pectinata. 
 
 — ovata. 
 
 bivirgata. 
 
 ornatissima. 
 
 Pectunculus umbonatus. 
 Teredo sp. (S. J. M.) 
 Venus tenera. 
 
 GASTKROPODA. 
 
 Actieon affinis. 
 
 — Vibrayeanus. 
 
 Avellana Clementina. 
 
 ■ incressata. 
 
 — inflata. 
 
 Cerithium trimonile. 
 Dentalium decussatum. 
 
 Pleurotomaria Gibbsii. 
 Rostellaria buccinoides. 
 
 calcarata. 
 
 carinata. 
 
 elongata. 
 
 raarginata. 
 
 Parkinsonii. 
 
 Scalaria Clementina. 
 
 Dupiniana, 
 
 gaultina. (S. J. M.) 
 
 Solarium conoideum. 
 
 — omatum. 
 
 Belerophina minuta. 
 
 CEPHALOPODA. 
 
 Ammonites auritus. 
 
 Beudantii. 
 
 biplicatua. 
 
 Bouchardianus. 
 
 — Benettianus. 
 
 — circularis. 
 
 — ci'enatus. 
 
 — cristatus. 
 
 — denarius. 
 
 — interruptus. 
 
 — lautus. 
 
 — oniatus. 
 
 — Raulinianus. 
 
 — rostratus. 
 
 — Selliguinus. 
 
 — serratus. 
 
 — splendens. 
 
 — symmetricus. 
 
 — tuberculatus. 
 
 — varicosus. 
 
 Belemnites ultimus. 
 Hamites armatus. 
 
 attenuatus. 
 
 compressus. 
 
 elegans. 
 
 intermedins. 
 
 maximus. 
 
 uodosus. 
 
 tuberculatus. 
 
 turgidus. 
 
 Helicocer.is rotund us. 
 Nautilus Clementinus. 
 Ptychoceras adpressum. 
 Tvurrilites bituberculatus. 
 
 catenatus (S. J. M.) 
 
 elegans. 
 
 (?) Emericianus. 
 
 FISHES. 
 
 Dercetis (S. J. M.) 
 Ischyodus brevirostris. 
 Ptychodus acutus. 
 Teeth of Shark, several 
 species 
 
 Fine crystals of Selenite 
 occiu' at the base of 
 gault. 
 
 Phosphate of Lime 
 bed (query basement 
 bed of gault.) 
 
 LIST OF fossils. 
 HITHERTO FOUND. 
 
 Ammonites Beudantii. 
 
 Ammonites mammilaris. 
 
 Inoceramus concentricus. 
 
 Dentalium. 
 
 Teeth of Shark. 
 Ancyloceras spinigerum.Dicotylenous wood, per- 
 Belemnites attenuatus. forated by Teredo and 
 minimus. Gastrochaena.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 
 
 LOCAL I N F R ]^I A T I N 
 
 National Provincial Bank, Upper Sandgate Koad. — A. M. Leith, 
 Esq., Manager. 
 
 Savings' Bank, Guildhall. — Mr. W. Venables, Secretary. 
 
 Police Station, High Street. — Inspector, Mr. Win. Mai-tin. 
 
 Town Clerk. — R. T. Brockinan, Esq., Upper Sandgate Road. 
 
 Clerk to Magistrates. — Richard Hart, Esq., Church Street. 
 
 Customs.— Collector, J. E. Lacon, Esq.; Chief Clerk, Mr. John 
 Prescot Wellard. 
 
 Consular Agent. — Belgium, Denmark, Mexico, the Two Sicilies, 
 Turkey, and Spain. — F. M. Faulkner, Esq., Office, Lower Sandgate 
 R)ad. 
 
 Vice-Consul for France.— Dr. Kraetzer Rassaerts. Office in 
 Tontine Street. 
 
 South Eastern Railway and Steam Packets — Harbour Master, 
 James Fuller Boxer, R.N. ; Customs Agent, Mr. T. G. Ledger.; Ex- 
 port Agent, Mr. C. J. Chapman ; Station Master, Junction Station, 
 Mr. Fright ; Harbour Station, Mr. AVm. Hy. Bennett. At Boulogne 
 the South Eastern Company's Agent is Mr. T. Barnard. 
 
 Omnibuses, Carriers, and Coaches. — Omnibuses run from 
 Sandgate to the Railway Station to meet the amval of all trains, 
 from 9 a.m. to 9"30 p.m., and vice versa, stopping at the King's Arms 
 and Rose Inns, Folkestone.* 
 
 Ilythe. — Omnibuses leave Omnibuses leave Folkestone, 
 
 Hythe : King's Arms and Rose Inns : 
 
 Laker's at 9-30., a.m., ] -1.5 & S'SO p.m. I Laker's at 1:::-10, 2, and o'SO p.m. 
 Cobay'sat9-30., A.M., 1'15 & y'SO r.M. | Cobay's at 12-10, 2, aud 5-30 p.m. 
 
 Deal. — Coaches (Bate's) leave the Dover Railway Station at 9' 10 
 A.M., 10-40 A.M., U'oO a.m., 2-35 p.m., 5 p.m., 5.45 p.m. 
 
 Coaches leave Deal at 8-45 a.m., 9"30 a.m., 12-30 Noon, 3*15 p.m., 
 3'45 P.M., 6-20 p.m. 
 
 * All the Omnibuses and Carriers stop at the King's Arms aud Kose luus.
 
 72 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 CaiUerhury. — An omnibus leaves Folkestone on Saturdays at 9 
 A.M., returning from Canterbury at 430 p.m. 
 
 Carriers. — To Lyminge and Elliam (Hills) on Wednesdays. 
 
 To Aldington and Ham Street (Catt) on Fridays, returning on 
 Saturdays. 
 
 To Romney (Sherwood) on Tuesdays and Fridays at 2*30 p.m. re- 
 turning on Wednesdays and Saturdays. 
 
 To Lydd (Lorden) Mondays and Thursdays at 2 p.m. returning on 
 Tuesdays and Fridays. 
 
 To liover (Pearson) every day at 9 a.m., returning at 4 p.m. 
 
 Parish Church (St. Mary and St. Eanswith), West Cliff. — 
 Minister, Rev. Matthew Woodward, M.A., Victoria Grove ; Curates, 
 Rev. John Bullen, B.A., Rev. George Lingham, B.A. ; Clerk, Mr. 
 Henry Warman, Bayle Street ; Organist, Mr. W. B. Tolputt, Sand- 
 gate Road. 
 
 Hours of Divine Service : Sundays, Morning, at eleven ; After- 
 noon, at three ; Evening, at half-past six. During the week : 
 Wednesday and Friday Mornings, at eleven; Thursday Evening, 
 at seven. 
 
 Services at the National Schools, Mill Lane. — Sundays, Morn- 
 ing, at half-past ten ; Evening, at half-past six. 
 
 Christ Church, Upper Sandgate Road. — Minister, Rev. W. 
 Powell, Upper Sandgate Road; Clerk, Mr. Charles Searancke, Bayle 
 Street. Organist, Mr. Roberts, Grace Hill. Divine Service, Sun- 
 days, Morning, at eleven ; Afternoon, at three, for Baptisms, and 
 Churchings ; Evening at half-past six. 
 
 Congregational Chapel. Tontine Street. — Minister, Rev. Wm. 
 Clarkson, Sea View House. Divine Service : Sundays, Morning, 
 at half-past ten ; Evening, at half-past six. During the week : 
 Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday Evenings, at seven. 
 
 Salem Chapel, Rendezvoiis Street. — Minister, Rev. David Jones, 
 A.B., Cheriton Cottage, Victoria Grove. Divine Service: Sundays, 
 Morning, at half-]5ast ten ; Evening, at six. During the week, 
 Monday and Wednesday Evenings, at seven.
 
 FOLKESTONE. i 6 
 
 Particular Baptist Meeting. JJaj/fe, near the JTarveian Imtitn- 
 ^/on.— Sunday Morning, half-past ten ; Aftt-rnoon, three ; Evening, 
 half-past six. ■ 
 
 Wesleyan Chapel, Upper Sandgate Road.. — The Dover Ministers 
 officiate. Chapel Stev:ard, Mr. J. O. Davis, High Street. Divine 
 Service: Sundays, Morning, at half-past ten; Afternoon, at half- 
 past two ; Evening, at six. During the week, Thursday Evening, 
 at seven. 
 
 Harveian Literary Institution, Guildhall Street. — Open from 
 the arrival of the Morning Papers until ten p.m. Subscriber.s, £1 
 per annum. Hon. Secretaiy, Mr. F. S. Tolputt; Mr. A. Tite, 
 librarian ; Mr. R. W. Bearer, Treasurer. 
 
 English's Beading Boom and Library, open from the arrival 
 of tlie Morning Papers until Nine p.m. Terms : — Annual, £1 Is.; 
 Half-yearly, 15s.; Quarterly, 8s.; Monthly, 4s.; Fortnightly, 2s. (id.; 
 Weekly, Is. 6d. The Beading Boom supplied with all tlie Morning 
 and Evening Papers, Magazines, and Beviews ; every new work of 
 interest is added to the Library on the day of pul)lication. 
 
 N.B. — The above charge entitles subscribers to admission t^ the 
 Beading Boom in addition to the use of the Circulating Library. 
 
 Working Men's Educational Union, Bayle.— Open every even- 
 ing from six to ten p.m. Subscription 4s. per year. Secretaiy, ISIr. 
 Pi. B. Hills. — During the Season, Scientific Lectures are given by 
 various members and professors. 
 
 Post Office, Tontine Street. — Postmaster, Thomas Spearpoint. 
 
 Letters, &c., can be posted With an additional 
 without extra charjjre until penny stnnr.i. 
 
 London, Lst Day Mail 8-40 a.m. S'oO a.m. 
 
 „ 2nd do 11-30 A.M. 11-50 a.m. 
 
 Dover do 12-45 p.m. 
 
 „ Night Mail 10-25 p.m. 
 
 London do 12 Midnight. 
 
 Continental Mail via Dover... 8-45 p.m. 
 
 Boulogne via Folkestone, one hour before the departure of the S.E. 
 Steam Packet.
 
 74 HANDBOOK OF 
 
 First delivery of letters, 7 a.m.; Second delivery, 2-15 p.m.; Third 
 delivery, 4 "30 p.m. 
 
 Money Orders are granted between 9 a.m. and 130 p.m., and between 
 2'15 P.M. and 6 p.m. On Saturdays Money Orders are issued up to 
 
 8 P.M. 
 
 The Post Office is closed for the purpose of sorting letters of the 
 Day Mail, from 1'30 p.m. to 2-15 p.m. 
 
 Receiving House, Rendezvous Street.— Mr. Benjamin Crooke, 
 Grocer. Box closed at 8-30 a.m., and 9* 15 p.m. 
 
 Post-Pillars, one at the Sandgate Road entrance to Bouverie 
 Square; one at upper end of Dover Street, near its junction with Mill 
 
 Stamp Office. — Mr. T. Spearpoint, Tontine Street. 
 
 Agents for Houses and Lodgings. — John Sherwood, Grocer, 
 High Street ; Thomas Caister, Grocer, Beach Street ; (see adver- 
 tisements). 
 
 Principal Hotels. — Pavilion; Paris; Royal George; Clarendon; 
 Kings' Arms ; Rose ; and West Cliff Hotel. 
 
 Sandgate Post Office. — Postmistress, Miss Purday. Box closed 
 at 9*45 P.M. Bag dispatched at 10 p.m. Money Orders gi'anted be- 
 tween 9 A.M. and 6 p.m.; and on Saturdays until 8 p.m. 
 
 CuvRCB.— Minister, Rev. J. S. D'Arcy Preston. Sundays, Morning 
 Service, at eleven ; Evening, at half-past six. 
 
 Nursery Grounds.— Visitors will be amply repaid by an inspec- 
 tion of the delightful Nursery Grounds of Mr. James Mickle, 
 situate at the extremity of Guildhall Street, which are at j^ll times 
 open to the public.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 74a 
 
 HACKNEY CARRIAGE STANDS. 
 
 At Sandgate— Opposite Sir Johu Bligh's Garden : For Carriages 
 
 aud Bath Chairs. 
 At Folkestone — Sandgate-road, near Radnor-terrace : For Carriages 
 
 and Bath Chairs. 
 On the Lees : For Bath Chau-s. 
 Lower Sandgate-road, north side of Pavilion 
 
 Hotel : For Carriages, Bath Chairs, and Saddle 
 
 Donkeys. 
 Near the Bridge end of Harbour-street : For 
 
 Carriages and Bath Chairs. 
 
 HACKNEY CARRL^GES, FLYS, BATH CHAIRS, PLEASURE BOATS, 
 BATHING MACHINES, HORSES AND DONKEYS' FARES. 
 
 1. For Hackney Carriages when hired by distance : — 
 
 For any distance within the following limits to any part s. d. 
 of the Borough within the same limits (that is to say) 
 Radnor-villas, near the LTpper Railway-station, the 
 Lower Railway-station, Langhorne-gardeus, Viaduct- 
 villas, and within a line drawn from any one place to 
 another ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 
 
 From any distance within those limits to the boundaries 
 of the Borough (except Dover-hill, Canterbury-hill, and 
 Sandgate) 
 
 To the Cherry Garden 
 
 ToHythe 
 
 To Saltwood 
 
 To the top of Dover-hill, or to the Turnpike on the Can- 
 terbury-hill ... 
 
 To the last house in Sandgate upon the road leading to Hythe 
 
 2. For Hackney Carriages when hired by time : — 
 
 For the first half-hour, or any less time than half an hour 1 6 
 For every half-hour or any less time than half an hour 
 
 after the first half-hour ... ... ... ... ... 1 
 
 3. For Carriages drawn by Ponies or Donkeys there shall be 
 
 charged (either for time or distance) half the above fares 
 only. 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 

 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 (S 
 
 746 handbook of 
 
 4. For Bath Chairs :— 
 For the iirst hour, or any time less than an hour . . . 
 For every half-hour after the first hour 
 
 5. For Pleasure Boats : — 
 
 For the use or hire of a Eowiug Boat, if rowed by one man, 
 
 for the first and every succeeding hour . . ... ... 2 
 
 For the use or hire of a Sailing Boat, managed by two 
 men, for the first and every succeeding hour, for each 
 person ... ... ... ... 8 
 
 For every half-hoiu' for each person 4 
 
 The owner or attendant of a Sailing Boat shall not be 
 compelled to accept an hiring for any number less than 
 six persons. 
 
 6. For Bathing Machines : — 
 
 For the use of a Bathing Machine each time for every 
 
 person ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 
 
 Return Carriages with the same, or any of the same passengers, 
 and after an interval of not more than half an hour, are to be paid 
 one half-fare back. 
 
 Every Hackney Carriage, if drawn by one horse, is licensed to 
 caiTy four persons (two persons under seven years of age to be 
 reckoned as one person) with the following allowance of luggage : — 
 To one person 24 cvrt. 
 To two persons 1 cwt. to each person. 
 To three persons 4 cwt. to each person. 
 To four persons 28lbs. to each person. 
 And for every excess of 28lbs. an additional fare of threei)ence 
 shall be paid.
 
 
 Martello Tower at Copt Point. 
 
 5. J. iJackie del.
 
 FOLKESTONE. 75 
 
 WALKS AND DRIVES ROUND FOLKESTONE. 
 DIEECTIONS FOR VISITORS. 
 
 The Warrex (Walk) is reached by the footpath along the 
 East cliff, or by the road over the tramway (Radnor Bridge) to 
 Copt Point. At about two-thirds of the length of the undercliff, 
 a zic-zac leads up the face of the cliff to the Dover Road, where 
 the turnpike-road or footpath along the edge of the cliff can be 
 taken in returning by Folkestone Hill to the town. 
 
 Cherry Gardens ( Walk). Take the road under the viaduct 
 to Ford, proceed by the footpath through the meadows to the 
 Cherry Garden (waterworks), ascend the Downs to Caesar's 
 Camp, follow the path on the right to Sugar Loaf Hill, and 
 return by Canterbury Road to the town. 
 
 Paddlesworth (Walk). When at Caesar's camp, instead of 
 going to the right, skirt the edges of the chalk escarpment in 
 the opposite direction as far as the road to Arpinge and Cole 
 farm ; a shoi*t distance beyond the latter, a footpath leads across 
 a meadow to the Church; return by Denton Pinch and the Che- 
 riton Road. 
 
 Hawktnge (Walk). Take the Canterbury Road (under the 
 railway-bridge near the upper station), tiu-n off from the turnpike 
 by Combe to Hawkinge Church, ascend the hill, and return by 
 Hawkinge Mill, Gibralter, and the Cherry Gardens. If this 
 route is chosen for a drive, it will be best to return by the Can- 
 terbury Road from Hawkinge. 
 
 Capel ( Walk). By Dover Road past railway upper station 
 to the byeroad (rough for carriages) on left hand beyond the 
 turnpike, returning by Thetmore. 
 
 Newington. Take Cheritou Road to Newington ; return by 
 Home Street.
 
 ;t) HANDBOOK OF FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Lyminge and Elham {Drive). By Newiugton Eoad to 
 Beacliborough, theuce to Lyminge and Elham. All the walks 
 over the downs are delightful ; the best, perhaps, is by Etching 
 Hill. 
 
 St. Radegund's Abbey (Drive). May be visited either from 
 Dover, from which town it is distant about two miles, or it may 
 be reached by a pretty drive to the village of Alkliam, and from 
 thence by the steep but picturesque byeroad up the hill which 
 leads to the abbey. To walk over the hills direct to St. Rade- 
 gund's is fatiguing, but the scenery is pretty. 
 
 Saltwood Castle. For drives to Saltwood, the Cheriton 
 Road or lower or upper Sandgate Roads may be selected at 
 pleasure, and the route may be varied by combinations of the 
 byeroads through Home Street, by Sine Farm, or over the 
 Saltwood tunnel. On foot the castle may be reached by a pretty 
 path leading through Ingles Farm, by Cheriton Church and 
 Dibgate to the Hythe Road near the Sine Farm, whence the 
 castle is seen in the valley, and the footpath to it descends 
 through the Blackwose Fields. 
 
 Hythe. The road leads direct from Folkestone to Hythe, 
 along the sea-shore, through Sandgate, but the same variations 
 of route may be made as for Saltwood. 
 
 . Lympne and Westenhangfr. From Hythe a pretty though 
 very rough road ascends the quarry-hills to Lympne. The 
 better road is by Pedlinge and New Inn Green, and thence to 
 Lympne. By the Cheriton and Newington roads past Sandlands 
 and Westenhanger is a long but very pretty drive (these roads 
 are good), and Lympne can be also reached by train to Westen- 
 hanger, whence it is distant about one mile. 
 
 List of pretty rural Places in the vicinity op Folke- 
 stone. Hockley Sole, Cold ham. West Hougham, Hougham, 
 Drellingoe, Gibralter, Acryse, Underhill, Tolsford Hill, Etching 
 Hill, Brockhull dell, near Newington, Sandlands, Sibton.
 
 St. Radegiind's Abbey. 
 
 S. J Mackie del.
 
 J. ENGLISH'S 
 
 FOLKESTONE. 
 CONDUCTED BY MISS GITTINS. 
 
 Prospectuses of the Course of Instruction and Terras forwarded on 
 application. 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT FOR YOUiNG LADIES, 
 
 VICTORIA GROVE, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 CONDUCTED BY MISS HAERISON 
 
 Thirty guineas per annum, including Writing, Arithmetic, English in 
 its various branches, and Laundress. 
 
 Dancing, Drawing, Piano, Singing, French, Italian, and German, each 
 one guinea per quarter. 
 
 Parlour Boarders, forty guineas per annum. 
 
 Day Boarders, twelve guineas per annum. 
 
 Day Pupils, five guineas per annum.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 X 
 
 ]ED'©(D£.^ii[(DH AKf® mA mmisim®. 
 
 GROVE HOUSE, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 CONDUCTED BY MR. JOHN CLARK. 
 
 Parents and Guardians who are anxious to combine a sound education 
 with a residence by the sea-side, for their sons or wards, Avill find tliis a 
 desirable situation. The house is pleasantly situated near the Station of 
 the South Eastern Railway, and at a modex-ate distance from the Sea. 
 The pupils have frequent opportunities of Bathing free of expense, under 
 the care of Mr. Clahk. A suitable library is provided for the use of the 
 Young Gentlemen, and every attention is paid to their Moral, Religious, 
 and Literaiy Improvement. 
 
 The Course of Instruction includes the itsual Branches of a Liberal 
 Education, Classical, Mathematical, and Commercial. 
 
 Terms — Thirty Guineas per annum. The modem Languages, Music, 
 Drawing, Dancing, and Drilling, on the usual Terms. Laundress, 10s. dd. 
 per quarter. 
 
 A Knife and Fork, Dessert Spoon, and Six Towels, are expected with 
 each pupil, but will be returned on his leaving School. 
 
 ^reparatorg Scijool for goung ffientlemen. 
 
 ©[^@\^[I l!J^© IMlOliDgIg [F(§)L[}^[lgT(2)[i^l3 
 
 CONDUCTED BY MISS CLARK. 
 
 Terms (including Laundress) 25 Guineas pea annum. 
 
 Vacations 3 „ „ 
 
 The Lanr/uages, Music, Drawing, Dancing, and Drilling, hy efficient 
 Masters, on the mual terms. 
 
 Daily Boarders 14 Guineas per annum. 
 
 A Silver Fork and Spoon and Six Towels are expected with each pupil on 
 entrance, but will be returned on leaving.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 Mr. W. B. TOLLPUTT, 
 
 Organist of the Parish Church of St. Mary's and St. Eanswith, 
 
 NEAR THE BANK, SANDGATE ROAD, 
 FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Mr. W. B. TOLLPUTT'S 
 
 Piano-fortes and other Instiniments for Sale or Hire. Musical Publica- 
 tions of every desci-iptiou. Strings and fittings for all insti-uments. A 
 reduction of one-fourth off the printed price of Sheet Music for Cash. 
 Orders executed on the shortest notice. Schools and Professors siippUed 
 as in Loudon. Amateur's Compositions carefully i-evised and published on 
 liberal Terms. Instruments tuned and repah-ed. Tunings singly or by 
 the Year. 
 
 Mr. FREDERIC FAGGE, 
 
 Pianofortes (7 octaves) of the most beautiful Tone, in elegant cases, with 
 Ivory-fronted Keys, for hire. 
 
 RESIDENCE, 
 
 1, CHERITON TERRACE, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 G. BEICKMAN, 
 
 {Formerly of London) 
 
 OLD-ESTABLISHED PLANO-FORTE AND HARMONIUM REPOSITORY, 
 
 BANK HOUSE, UPPER SANDGATE ROAD. 
 
 An extensive Stock of New and Second-hand PIAXO-FORTES for SALE or HIRE. 
 Agent for the PARISIAN MODEL PIANO-FURTE, manufactured in Paris upon pureJj- 
 scientific principles, seven octaves ; the volume of tone produced is equal to that of the 
 full size English Grand, and the heautiful, harp-like effect of the Celeste Pedal is truly 
 astonishing. Especially recommended for extreme climates. 
 
 Piano-fortes tuned by the year or singly.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 J. STAGE, 
 SILVERSMITH, JEWELLER, OPTICIAN, 
 
 WATCH AND CLOCK MAKER, 
 
 HIGH STREET, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Best Plated Goods, Mourning and Fancy Rings. 
 
 EDWAED HAYWARD, 
 WATCH, CLOCK, AND CHRONOMETER MAKER, 
 
 <i)lM[lL[Ll[^g 
 
 SILVERSMITH, OPTICIAN, AND ENGRAVER, 
 
 HIGH STREET, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Eepairs in any way connected with the Trade executed with dispatch. 
 
 H. HARRIS, 
 
 HAT AND CAP NA/AREHOUSE, 
 
 HIGH STREET, FOLKESTONE. 
 ESTABLISHED 1834. 
 
 SERVANTS' LIVERIES, TRAVELLING CAPS, ETC. 
 
 EDWARD DALE 
 
 MOST BESPECTFULLY SOLICITS THE FAVOUR OF YOUR PATRONAGE, 
 
 TA[lL©[Fl9 [M]/i\TT[l[^g W©©[L[L[l[l^ ©(F^AiPlKg i?@og 
 
 HIGH STREET, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Repairs and A Iterations immediately attended to
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 T. CAISTEK, 
 TEA AND COFFEE DEALER, FAMILY GROCER, 
 
 AND TALLOW CHANDLER, 
 
 BEACH STREET, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Huntley ct Palmers Reading Biscuits. 
 HAMS, PICKLES, SAUCES, &c., OF THE BEST QUALITY. 
 
 SUPERIOR BRITISH WINES. 
 
 ]:.oi>&i:3i« nousi: a&ext. 
 
 WILLIAM HENEY MAJOE, 
 BUTCHER, 
 
 3, RENDEZYOUS STREET, FOLKESTOXE. 
 
 FAMILIES SERVED WITH MEAT OF THE BEST QUALITY, ON THE MOST 
 REASONABLE TERMS. 
 
 J. DALLEN, 
 
 ii^©isiii[(Bn Mm ra(BiLi[§iEi ]FiEiErns2S]Eii?., 
 
 AND GREENGROCER, 
 
 CORNER OF GEORGE LANE, 
 
 FOLKESTONE. 
 
 E. MAXTED, 
 
 HAIRCTTTTER, PERFUMER, AND PERRUQUIER, 
 DOVER STREET, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 OPPOSITE BEACH STREET. 
 
 Private Rooms. Families waited on. Fancy Comhs and BmsJuis.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 40 YEARS. 
 
 EBENEZER WILSON'S 
 
 TOY AND STATIONERY WAREHOUSE, 
 
 2, BEACH STREET, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Dealer in all kinds of Metal, Iron, and Tin Goods, Cutlery, China, Glass, 
 and Earthenware, Clothes' Trunks, Carpet Ba^s, Lines, and Twines. Every 
 article requisite for Fishing, A large stock of all kinds of Goods too 
 numerous to mention to be had at this Establishment. 
 
 W. GODDARD, 
 
 IIA]:RI»RE.«i$ER, PEllFU^KIt, &€., 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF ORNAMENTAL HAIR IN ALL ITS DEVICES. 
 
 A Choice Assortment comtaiithj on Sale. 
 
 1, HIGH STREET, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 W. G., in returning thanks for past favours, begs to state that nothing shall be wanted 
 by him to make his Establishment complete in every resi)ect, equal to any in the world, 
 and surpassed by none, for accommodation, dispatch, and economy, thereby hoping to 
 merit future patronage and recommendation. N.B. Well fit*.ed-up Private Rooms for 
 Hair-cutting, Head-washing, &c. Private entrance, 2, Tontine Street, A pair of clean 
 brushes to each person. Families and Schools punctuallj' waited on. Perfumery, Combs, 
 Brushes, Stationery, Cutlery, Toys, and every descrii)tion of Fancy Goods. Razors, 
 Knives, Scissors, and all kinds of Cutlerv ground and set. Fancy Goods repaired. 
 
 Observe— 1, HIGH STREET. Established 1843. Perambulators for Sale or Hire. 
 
 VENABLES' PHOTOGRAPHIC ROOMS, 
 OPPOSITE THE BANK, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Superior Portraits on Paper, from 2s. 6d. Portraits for the Stereoscope, 
 5s. each. Tinting or Colouring extra. 
 
 STEREOSCOPIC SLIDES OF FOLKESTONE AND ELSEWHERE, 
 
 IN GREAT VARIETY, 
 A SERIES OF VIEWS OF FOLKESTONE, FROM 2s. Gd. EACH. 
 
 VIEWS OF GENTLEMEN'S SEATS, AND LANDSCAPES, 
 
 TAKEN ON VERY MODERATE TERMS. 
 XBE ART MlACTi:CAI.I.T' TAUOHT.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 MICHAEL VALYER, 
 RIDING MASTER, 
 
 No. 10, four doors west from the Library and Post Office, Sandgate, 
 ROYAL KENT HOTEL LIVERY YARD, SANDGATE, 
 
 AND 
 
 2^!]j^3(g3g /h^m^ V^^^g [^©[LKliT©!?^!. 
 SUPERIOR POST AND SADDLE HORSES, 
 
 CLARENCE, LANDAU, BRITZKA, PHAETON, FLYS, AND GIGS, BY THE 
 
 HOUR, MILE, OR DISTANCE. 
 Omnibuses ply to the Up and Doa\ti Railway Trains at Folkestone and 
 Sandgate Station, and to the Dover Trains. 
 Appointed Agent for the Receipt and Delivery of Parcels for the Rail- 
 way Company ; Office, Sandgate Road, Folkestone. 
 
 Orders taken, and Passengers' Luggage, Goods, and Parcels, carefully 
 booked, at M. Valyer's Offices, Sandgate and Folkestone. 
 
 HEARSE AND MOURNING COACHES. 
 
 CORN, HAY, AND STRAW, SENT OUT TO ORDER. 
 
 PARIS HOTEL, 
 
 FELIX DENIBAS, Proprietor. 
 
 This Hotel, adjoining the Pavilion, commands the finest view of the 
 Sea and the Harbour, 
 
 List of Prices of Apartments, "Wines and Spirits, may be had on appli- 
 cation at the Hotel. 
 
 GEORGE MILLEE, 
 FASHIONABLE BOOT AND SHOE MAKER, 
 
 SANDGATE KOAD, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Military, Hunting, and Cricket Boots on the shortest notice. 
 
 Ladies' Boots in all the recent materials. Repairs executed with dispatch. 
 
 Agent for Hoby's Blacking, Reviver, and Varnish.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 C. DORIDANT, the Proprietor of this Hotel, iiuitnates to travellers, that, as the railway 
 trains frequently le-ive soon after the arrival of the pa<tkets, and vice versd. refreshment of 
 any kind cam he had at a minute's notice (cold meat always ready), at the Pavilion, so that 
 parties passing on will receive immediate attention. 
 
 The Scale of Charires annexed will convince every reasonab'e person that the Proprietor 
 desires to accommodate the Public, and at a charge to suit the most moderate expenditure. 
 
 A F.ist of Prices and Hales of the Establishment is placed in every room of the Hotel. 
 
 The Charge made for attendance includes the removal of Luggage to and from the Hotel 
 and for services rendered throughout the Establishment. 
 
 The Proprietor keeps carriages tor the comfort of visitors, ready at a fe".7 minutes' noticfi. 
 
 The Servants of the Establishment are not allowed to receive any Fees or Gratuities 
 whatever from the Visitors, but, in lieu thereof, one shilling and sixpence will be charged 
 to each Visitor for attendance for the rtrst day, and one shilling per day afterwards. 
 
 Visitors not having apartments in the Hotel will be charged sixpence attendance for 
 each meal. 
 
 From any hour in the morning, until Ten o'clock, Breakfast will be ready at a general 
 table in the Table d'Hote lioom. After Ten o'clock refreshments can be obtained at 
 KCfiarate tables in the Cotfee Room. Visitors having private sitting-rooms will also be at 
 liberty to take advantage of the public arrangements. 
 
 During the summer months, at Half -past Two o'clock, a Table d'Hote Dinner will be 
 be ready, at three shillings each person. Another Table d'Hote Dinner will be ready at 
 Six o'clock, at four shillings and sixpence each person. During the winter months one 
 Table d'Hote only, at Six o'clock, three shillings and sixpence each person. 
 
 N.H. — Parties wishing to dine at the latter hour should send their names to the Office 
 before Three o'clock. 
 
 With a view to promote tlie comfort and economy of the Visitors of the Hotel, a Saloon is 
 established, with private attendance, to which Ladies and Gentleman will have access upon 
 payment of one shilling each per day ; but to those families who have engaged a sitting- 
 room, such Saloon will be free. 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen visiting this Establishment are most earnestly requested to com- 
 municate to -Mr. DouiDANT, the Proprietor of the Hotel, any cause of complaint that may 
 arise from neglect or want of attention on the part of any one employed in it, in order that 
 the same may be investigated and remedied. 
 
 Sitting Room .. .. .. ..8 
 
 Ditto .. .. .. ..6 
 
 Ditto .. .. .. ..5 
 
 Ditto .. 4 
 
 Bedfioom 4 o 
 
 HOTEL PRICES. 
 
 «. d. 
 
 t.d. 
 
 Bed Room . . . . . . ..30 
 
 Ditto 2 « 
 
 Ditto .. 2 
 
 Bed Room, three persons .. ..4 
 
 Ditto 5 
 
 LARGE APARTMENTS. 
 £ S.d. 
 
 Breakfast, taken in Bed Room ..020 
 Ditto, with Meat or Eggs ..020 
 
 Ditto, taken in Bed Room .. 2 C 
 
 Tal>le d'HOte Dinner, at half-past Two 
 
 o'clock 3 
 
 Table d'H6te Dinner, at Six o'clock .. 3 e 
 Table d'HOte Dinner, at Six o'clock .. 4 c 
 
 r day") 
 
 Large Drawing Room .. per day 
 Do. Bed Room, with two Beds 
 Small do. one Bed 
 
 and two Servants' Bed Rooms 
 Sittiiii? Ituom Fire .. ;; .. 2 
 
 Bed Uooin ditto .. per evening l o 
 AVax Litrht.'J . . . . „ 16 
 
 Brwikfadi., plain .. .. ..016 
 
 PRIVATE DINNERS, 
 For Three or more Persons, each ; and if ordered Jbr Two Pergont only, Qd. each will be added. 
 
 S(jup. Pish, Joint, Entr6e, Sweet, and *• ^- I Soup, Joint, EntrCe, Sweet, and Yege- '• '*• 
 
 Vegetables 5 tables 4 
 
 Fi^h, Joint, Entree, Sweet, .ind Vege- Soup, Joint, and Vegetables .. .. 3 o 
 
 tables 4 I FJnh, Joint, and Vegetables . . ..30
 
 English's advertising sheet. 
 
 COFFEE KOOM. 
 
 Off the Joint and Vegetables 
 Cliop.< and ditto .. 
 Steaks and ditto 
 Cold 21 eat 
 Cutlets .. 
 Bisiu Gravy Soup 
 „ v^ulienne .. 
 
 2 6 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 6 
 
 1 u 
 
 1 i-> 
 
 BaBin Ox Tail .. 
 
 „ Mock Turtle 
 
 „ MuUisTMtaw-ny 
 
 « Mutton Broth 
 Plate of Sandwiches 
 Cui> of Tea or Coffee 
 Visitors' Servants' MeaLj, per day, 
 
 BATHS. 
 
 Warm or Cold, from Fresh "Water 
 
 Shower Baths, Is. 
 
 Od. I 
 
 Warm or Cold, from Salt Water 
 Hip Baths, Qd. 
 
 WINES. 
 
 Port, bottled 
 
 Ditto, verj' fine 
 
 Ditto, verj- old .. from 
 
 Ditto .. 
 
 Sherry, draught 
 
 Ditto, bottled, pale, or brown, 
 
 or Rold 
 Ditto, superior, ditto, ditto .. 
 Ditto. East India 
 Amoxtillado 
 Ditto, diT. I'-Sl 
 Maxzaxilla .. 
 
 M.VUEIRA 
 
 bccellas 
 
 Mars^i-a 
 
 Viu Ordinaire, Claret 
 
 Ditto (Beaime) 
 
 Bot. 
 
 8. d. 
 
 - 
 9 
 
 10 6 
 5 
 
 Pint 
 «. d 
 3 ( 
 3 ( 
 
 Claret, second growth 
 Ditto (Larose) 
 Ditto (.Latltte) 
 Champagxe .. 
 Ditto .. 
 Ditto (Clicquot) 
 Ditto, dry (Sillery) 
 
 CllAMBKRTlX .. 
 
 Moselle 
 Sparkliiig ditto 
 Hock, liarht .. 
 Ditto ( Johannisberg) 
 Sacterxe 
 Haute, ditto .. 
 Haute, Barsac 
 Chateau d'Yquera 
 
 ClIABLIS 
 
 Bot. 
 8.d. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 9 
 7 
 9 
 
 . 10 
 
 . 12 6 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 , 9 
 
 7 
 . 10 
 . 5 
 
 Pint. 
 t.d. 
 3 
 
 3 6 
 
 4 6 
 
 3 8 
 
 4 6 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3 6 
 
 5 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 6 
 
 9 
 14 
 5 
 
 SPIRITS AND LIQUEURS. 
 
 BUAKDY : 
 
 Pale or Brown 
 Hollaxds 
 Whiskey 
 RUJi . . 
 
 Stout 
 
 Pale Alb, Basss 
 
 Ditto, Allsopp's 
 
 Scotch Ale .. 
 
 Cider.. 
 
 Perry 
 
 Glass. 
 s. d. 
 
 ..10 
 ..10 
 
 ..OS 
 ..OS 
 
 Maraschino 
 
 CUUACOA 
 XOYEAT 
 
 Absynthe 
 
 Glass. 
 g. d. 
 ..0 6 
 ..10 
 ..10 
 .. 1 
 
 Cherry Braxdy 
 Ratakia 
 Bitters 
 WIXE .. 
 
 Xegus 
 
 ALES, STOUT, ETC. 
 
 Bot. 
 $. d. 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 6 
 1 G 
 
 Pint. 
 s.d. 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 Glass. 
 $. d. 
 
 . 1 
 . 1 
 . 6 
 . 6 
 . 1 
 
 Bot. 
 s. d. 
 
 Soda Water . . 
 
 POTAS.S .. 
 Seltzer (Germ.an) 
 Ditto (Briarhtou) 
 Lemonade 
 Ginger Beer .. 
 
 FAMILIES TAKING LODGINGS CAN BE SUPPLIED WITH WINES, SPIEITS, 
 ETC., AT THE WHOLESALE PRICES. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing List, Port Wine 15 years and upicards in bottle; 
 
 Amontillado and the very choicest Sherries; Johannisberg, Castle Cabinet Hock, 
 
 and other IFines of most extraordinary character can be had at this Hotel. 
 
 WARM, COLD, AND SHOWER BATHS (SALT OR FRESH WATER) IN 
 
 READINESS UNTIL 10 p.m. 
 
 Good Stabling, and Lock-up Coach Houses.
 
 English's advertising sheet. 
 
 ROYAL GEORGE HOTEL, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 W. TWEED 
 
 Oflfers Good Accommodation to Families and Gentlemen at Moderate 
 Charges. Porters attend the Arrival of Trains and Boats. 
 
 He like%vise begs to call the attention of the Inhabitants and Visitors of 
 Folkestone and its vicinity to the subjoined List of Spirits, which his 
 long experience in the Trade, and the first London Houses, enables him 
 to offer at the following prices, and of the best quality, 
 
 FOR CASH ONLY. P^;^il;>"- 
 
 per bottle. 
 s. d. 
 
 Superior Gin 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 1 10 
 
 Unsweetened ditto, for mixing (very strong) 11 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 Very superior Gin .... 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 2 3 
 
 Finest Jamaica Rum .... 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 2 6 
 
 „ Very Old 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 2 8 
 
 „ Cognac Brandy (Brown) . 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 4 9 
 
 „ Ditto Ditto (Pale) 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 „ CampbeltoN\Ti Whiskey 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 3 6 
 
 „ Irish Ditto, L.L. 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 3 6 
 
 „ HoUands 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 4 6 
 
 The Stock of Wines include Fine Old Boti 
 
 .led Port 
 
 , Superi( 
 
 )r ditto. Old 
 
 ditto (in pints); Pale, Brown, and Gold Sh 
 
 erries ; 
 
 Marsala 
 
 of the best 
 
 (luality. 
 
 
 
 
 Champagne (Moet's and Chandon's), Claret {Lafittes), St. Julian, Hock, 
 
 Moselle, Bucellas, and other Wines of the choicest Vintages; as also 
 
 the best Foreign Liqueurs at equally moderate prices. 
 
 Bass's Ale 
 
 
 
 
 8s. 
 
 per 
 
 doz. 
 
 quarts 
 
 . 4s. 6d. 
 
 per 
 
 doz 
 
 pints 
 
 Scotch Ale 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 10s. 
 
 « 
 
 „ 
 
 6 
 
 5> 
 
 
 )> 
 
 Stout 
 
 . 
 
 
 • 
 
 8s. 
 
 > 
 
 
 }} 
 
 4 6 
 
 }> 
 
 
 ;> 
 
 
 ALL 
 
 KINDS 
 
 OF 
 
 ALB AND 
 
 STOUT ON 
 
 DRAUGHT. 
 
 

 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 o 
 
 fxiihoi) ^Imziim ^sRtm 
 
 FOR 
 
 XAYAL INSTRUCTION & MARINE ENGINEERING. 
 
 The periodical examinations of which are under the supervision of 
 Govei-nment Inspectors appointed by Her Majesty's Council of Education 
 of the Board of Trade, the Lords of that department having specially granted 
 these advantages to the Founder, by letters of the 12th and 22nd of June, 
 
 1858. 
 
 Worthy of the patronage of Government, the Shipping Interest, 
 and the Public." 
 
 (Signed) DUNDOXALD, 
 
 Admiral of the n^hite, and Rear-Admiral 
 of the United Kiajdom. 
 
 The Public are respectfully informed, that the Collegiate Steam Frigate 
 will make her first Cruize as soon as a siifficient mmiber of Pupils are 
 enrolled ; therefoi-e, such as are desirous of availing themselves of the high 
 advantages offered in connection with this National Nautical Institution, 
 are requested to make immediate application. 
 
 The course of instruction pursued will prepare and qualify either for the 
 Royal or Mercantile Navies ; the system of General Education also will be 
 second to no other Seminary in the Kingdom, and will ensure appointments 
 in the Mercantile Marine to those who obtain then' Diplomas. 
 
 The Branch of the College ashore at Folkestone has at a gi-eat expense 
 been rendered replete with every convenience, and is open to the public for 
 inspection (by ticket, which may be obtained on application) at cei-tixiu 
 hours daily ; it is a spacious building, and situated in one of the most 
 healthy and delightful parts of the Town, commanding an uninterrupted 
 view of the Channel, from Dungeness to the South Foreland and of the sur- 
 rounding Country for miles.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 A Staff of eminent Preceptors, to teach the folloiving Branches of Education, 
 is already attached to the same : — 
 
 Navigation, Nautical Astrouomy, Seamanship, Steam, Gnnnery. Tilathe- 
 mntics, Classics, French, German, Drawing, English, "Writing, Arithmetic, 
 Kigging, Swimming, and Drilling. 
 
 It also offei's a first-class opportunity for Of&cers of the ^Mercantile Marine 
 who have already been afloat of preparing themselves for any of the exami- 
 nations as ordered by the Lords of the Marine Department of H. ]fil. Board 
 of Trade, under the best Preceptoi's. 
 
 Under 12 Years of Age, 60 Guineas per Annum. 
 Over ditto SO „ 
 
 Including everything except Uniform, Instruments, and Books. Adults by 
 special agreement. 
 Detailed Prospectuses, containing the opinions of the highest authorities 
 and upwards of sixty of the leading papers in the kingdom, with further 
 particulars maybe obtained by application at the Branch of the College and 
 '• Rende^o'ous " Ashore, Parade, Folkestone ; Grindlay and Co., 63, Corn- 
 hill, 124, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C., or 9, St. Martin's Place, Charing 
 Cross, AY.C. 
 
 JOHN ROBINSON, Principal 
 
 IMPORTAXT TO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. 
 
 PEEPAEATIOxNT FOE GOVSENMENT APPOINTMENTS, &c. 
 
 Young Gentlemen intended for the Army, Civil Service, learned Pro- 
 fessions, Civil Engineers, or Commercial Pursuits, can also be received and 
 educated; or if preferred, at the Branch Establishment ashore, which affords 
 every convenience for the same by the stafl of Preceptors there stationed, 
 with the advantage of being examined by Government Inspectors, as also 
 of ?^ea-air and thorough discipline. 
 
 The fact of its being under the supervision of H.M. Council of Educa- 
 tion, is a sufficient (juarantee as to eveiything being carried out in a first- 
 class manner, and must fiive it tlie preference to ordinarii Scholastic Estahlish- 
 rienfs, but of the ahove class only a limited number can be taken, tlierefore an 
 early application is necessary.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 JOHN JENNEK'S 
 
 WHOLESALE AND llETAIL 
 
 101, HIGH STREET, SANDGATE. 
 ESTABLISHED 1788. 
 
 JOHN JEXXER begs to return his sincere thanks to the Inhabitants of 
 Sandgate, Folkestone, Shorncliife, and vicinity, for the extensive patronage 
 so largely bestowed upon him, and begs to inform them that being constantly 
 purchasing largely in TEAS and COFFEES, he can confidently recommend 
 them to large and small consumers equal in price and quality to any 
 house in London, — one trial being sufficient to guarantee the assertion. 
 
 A CHOICE SELECTION OF 
 
 Teas, Coffees, Cocoas, Sparkling Loaf and Raw Sugars, Fruits, Spices, &c. ; 
 
 Pickles and Sauces of all Descriptions. 
 
 P R V I S I X S. 
 
 Prime YorJc Hams, Wiltsldre Bacon, Smoked Tongues, Parmesan, Stilton, 
 
 Cheshire, American, and other Cheeses. 
 
 Daily supply of the finest 
 
 AYLESBURY FRESH BUTTER, 
 
 Which will on trial recommend itself. 
 
 NEW LAID EGGS. 
 
 Huntley and Palmer's Biscuits. British Wines of superior quality. Wax, 
 
 Sperm, Composition,' and Household Candles. 
 
 JOHN JENNEE'S 
 
 101, HIGH STREET, SANDGATE. 
 ESTABLISHED 1788, 
 
 JOHN" JENXER begs to inform the Inhabitants and Visitors of Sand- 
 gate, Folkestone, and their vicinities, that he has always on Sale a chulce 
 a.-^s.)i'tment of the newest patterns in China, Glass, and Earthenware, fro::i 
 Copeland and Davenport's. 
 
 ^'i3itor3 are respectfully informed that they can have any of the above 
 Articles on Sale or Hii-e on modei-ate terms.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 Mrs. E. GEIMWOOD, 
 
 HIGH STREET, SANDGATE, 
 
 {Opposite the 3f(litari/ Road to the Cam]-)) 
 
 Begs to infonn the Nobility, Gentrj-, and Inhabitants of Sandgate, Shonicliffe, and 
 their vicinity, that she su] plies Genuine Home-made White and Brown Bread, Luncheon 
 Cakes, and Buns of every kind, fresh every day. Rice, Madeira, and Rich Cakes. Diet- 
 Bread, Captains', Abernethy, and Sweet Biscuits of every variety. French and other Rolls 
 sent early every morninj? to every part of the Town. Best sujierfine Flour. 
 
 ICE. — Creams and Water Ices supplied Daily. Pure Block Spring- Water Ice supplied 
 in any quantity at T*-. the lOOlbs., 46-. the 50lbs., 2s. for 251bs., and less quantities 2d. 
 l>er lb. Orders to be given the day previous. 
 
 EOSE & SON, 
 
 BREAD AND BISCUIT BAKERS, PASTRYCOOKS, AND CONFECTIONERS, 
 IJIGH STREET, FOLKESTONE, 
 
 Beg to inform the Nobility, Gentrj-, and Inhabitants of Folkestone and its vicinitj-, 
 that they supi)ly Genuine Home-made White and Brown Bread, Luncheon-Cakes and 
 Buns of every kind, fresh everyday. Rice, Ginger, Madeira, and Rich Cakes. Diet- 
 Bread. Captains' and Sweet Biscuits of every variety. French and other Rolls early 
 everv mornii-.g sent to every part of the Town. Best superfine Flour. 
 
 ICE CREAMS and WATER ICES supplied daily. Pure Block Spring Water Ice 
 supplied in any quantity, at 7s. the lOOlbs., 4*. the 501bs., 2s. for '251bs., and less quan- 
 tities -Id. per lb. Orders to be given the d;.y previous. Large quantities supplied by 
 contract. 
 
 BOYAL Uim HOTEL, SAWDSATE. 
 
 The Proprietor of the above Hotel begs respectfully to infonn the 
 Nobility, Gentry, and Families, that he has entirely re-fitted and fui-nished 
 the Establishment throughout, which will now be found complete with 
 every comfort, combined with moderate charges. 
 
 E. E. JULEE, 
 DISPENSING AND FAMILY CHEMIST, 
 
 1, DEYONSHIEE PLACE, SAXDGATE, 
 
 Inf->nns the Nobility, Gentry, and Inhabitants of Sandgate and its vicinitj-, that he 
 has taken the Business lately conducted by Mr. R. B. Jennkr, and trusts from his ex- 
 perience in its various branches, by a careful ;jer*o?iff isuperintendance in the Dispen.sing 
 Department, and by supplying every article of genuine quality, to be found deserving 
 a continuance of that kind patronage hitherto so liberally bestowed on himself and pre- 
 decessor. 
 
 SIIORXCLIFFE BOUQUET, a most exquisite Perfume, -prepared and sold only 
 hy Ji. R. J., in Bottles at 2s. (Jd., 2s. Gd., and Is. (id. Also his Noted Family Aperient, 
 and Gout and Rlieumatic Pills, in Boxes 2s. 9d. and \s. 1^.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 PRINTING OFFICE, HIGH STREET & TONTINE STREET, FOLKESTONE. 
 
 STOCK'S 
 
 Comprises a selection of upwards of 3000 volumes of all the New and Popular Novels, 
 Travels, Histort, Memoirs, etc., etc., to which additions are constantly made. 
 
 BERLIN WOOL AND FANCY REPOSITORY, 
 
 For every description of British and Foreign Fancv Work, and everj- Article requisite 
 for the Ladies' Work Table. 
 
 Comprising Berlin Wool and Fleecies of everj' shade and colour, Silks, Canvases, Trim- 
 mings of all kinds, Berlin Patterns, and Commenced Work, and Elegant Designs in 
 Cloth for Braiding. 
 
 STAMPED AND TRACED EMBROIDERY, MUSLIN IN EVERY VARIETY, BEST 
 
 PARISIAN FLEUR-DE-LIS, COTON A BRODER. 
 A variety of beautiful designs, vases, and all materials required for executing the elegant 
 
 Fancy Work 
 
 PO T IC H MANIE. 
 
 Albums, Scrap Books, MSS. Books, Blotting Pads and Cases, Papeteries, Shell and 
 Pearl Card Cases, Portmonnaies, Ivorj' Tablets, Gold Pens, Silver Pencil Cases, Silver- 
 mounted Smelling Bottles, Ivory Turnery, etc. 
 
 THE ARTIST'S REPOSITORY, 
 
 For every description of Drawing Material, Newman's Moist Colours, Drawing Boxes of 
 all Sizes and Makers, Graduated Tints, Sketch-Books and Blocks, Camp-stools, etc. 
 
 A verj' large selection of 
 ELEGANTLY BOUND BOOKS, SUITABLE FOR PRESENTS. 
 
 Juvenile Books, Games, Dissected Maps, Puzzles, etc., in great variety. 
 
 ENGRAYIXG AXD BOOKBIXDING IX THE FIRST STYLE. 
 
 A verj- choice assortment of 
 
 BIBLES, PRAYERS, CHURCH AND ALTAR SERVICES. 
 
 In Plain and Ornamental Bindings. 
 
 pjLAi^r A^D OR]VA]fi:i::¥TAi. stai:]:o^ery\ 
 
 DESKS, WORK-BOXES, AND D R E S S I X G-C ASES, 
 
 LEATHER GOODS, CUTLERY, ETC., ETC. 
 
 Picture Frames made to Order. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS LENT TO READ. TELESCOPES FOR HIRE.
 
 English's advertising sheet. 
 
 JOHN T. HERBERT, 
 HYTHE. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1770. 
 
 -.4/1 extensive selection of the leading Novelties always on hand. Shoiv-Roonis for 
 Millinery, Mantles, Silks, itc. 
 
 FUNERALS COMPLETELY FURNISHED. 
 
 THE POST OFFICE, HIGH STREET, HYTHE. 
 
 W. S. PAINE'S 
 CIRCULATING LIBRA KY 
 
 Consists of all the New and Po^iular Novels, Travels, Histories, Memoirs, 
 &c., to which additions are made every month. 
 
 A large Stock of Plain and Ornamental Stationery, Bibles, Prayer-Books, Church and 
 Altar Services. Desks, Work-Boxes, and Dresniny-Cases. 
 
 ENGRAVING AND BOOK-BINDING IN THE FIRST STYLE.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 H Y T H E. 
 
 RONALDS k SON, 
 
 Cabinet-Makers, Upholsterers, Ironmongers, and Undertakers. 
 FASHIONABLE PAPER-HANGEES AND DECOEATORS. 
 
 AGENTS TO THE KENT FIRE AND LIFE OFFICE. 
 
 ALBION HOUSE, SANDGATE. 
 
 "\V. HILLS lias always oq hand a general Assortment of FAMILY 
 DRAPERY, Silks, Hosiery, Shawls, Dresses, Millineiy, &c., &c. 
 
 Millinery and Dress-raalcing on the Premises by experienced Hands. 
 
 MOURNING AND WEDDING ORDERS EXECUTED WITH DISPATCH. 
 
 EUNEEALS CONDUCTED PEESONALLY. 
 
 Messrs. W. k J. PLEDGE, 
 
 Alil©T]©!Ml[l[?.gg ^[pLp?.aa§!151§g ^(g(g©y[t^T^5^]m 
 
 FOLKESTONE and SAXDGATE. 
 
 Furniture Bought. Consignments of Goods received for Sale on 
 Commission. 
 
 J. T. GEAYETT, 
 
 FAMILY GROCER, TEA DEALER, AND PROVISION 
 IViERCHANT, 
 
 3, deyoxshiue place, saxdgate. 
 
 Hnntley and Palmer's Reading Biscuits. Superior British Wines.
 
 ENGLISH S ADVERTISING SHEET. 
 
 GEORGE WARD'S 
 
 FAMILIES SUPPLIED WITH WINES AND SPIRITS 
 
 OF SUPERIOR QUALITY AT WHOLESALE PRICES. 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen boarded by the Week or Month ; Private Sitting 
 Room (if required) with use of superior Piano-forte. 
 
 GEORGE WARD, 
 BIDING MASTER. 
 
 Jlorses carefully hrol-e for Ladies, and for Single or Double Harness. 
 
 SADDLE HORSES FOR HIRE. 
 
 BROUGHAMS, CLARENCES, PARK PHAETONS, & DOG CARTS FOR HIRE, 
 
 BY THE HOUR, DAY, JOB, OR DISTANCE. 
 
 OMNIBUSES TO EVERY UP AND DOWN TRAIN DAILY. 
 
 All Orders attended to with punctuality and dispatch. 
 
 Ecei'y Information given to Visitors resj^ectiiig Lodgings and Houses.
 
 University of California 
 
 SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 305 De Neve Drive - Parking Lot 17 • Box 951388 
 
 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095-1388 
 
 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed.
 
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