W1075W5 Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN VIEWS OF OLD MANCHESTER Copyright.] [EntJ. at Stationers' 1 Hall,] 1ban& Xooin iise> for Wewins previous to tbe introduction of ipower ILooms. G. Falkiier & Sons, Old Style and Art Printers, Manchester. VIEWS OF OLD MANCHESTER. ON the authority of the earlieft records of Manchefter it is ftated that an encamp- ment was originally formed here by the Celts about 60 B.C., who gave it the name of Mancenion, fignifying " a place of tents." About 100 years later it was feized by the Romans, under Agricola, who changed its name to MANCUNIUM. \ PORTION of the Roman wall round the fort is " ftill to be feen at Knott Mill, and, although made originally of concrete, its confiftency and ftrength are equivalent to that of granite. A FTER holding poffeffion for about 500 years, ** the town came into the hands of the Anglo-Saxons. It was fubfequently [A.D. 870] conquered by the Danes, and eventually became the fpoil of the Norman Barons. jy/TANCHESTER received its Charter of Incor- * . poration in 18^8, and was created a City in 1853. -THE Illuftrations here fhewn are felected from * "Jackforis Views of Manchefter Streets" publifhed in 1822, and u James Views" publifhed in i825,impreffionsofwhich are now exceedingly rare. "THE proprietors of the Velveteen which has * achieved fuch a world-wide reputation for quality and fmifh, fome years back adopted the appropriate title " MANCUNIUM VELVETEEN," fo as to connect their manufacture with the antient City in which it is produced. Manchester, iSSj. -^ p [31 [4] Map of Manchejler \Taken abovt 1650.] HIS Map is interefting as fhewing J. the early beginnings of the City. + * HTHE fituation of Acreffield is now -* monopolifed by St. Anns Square, which is faid to meafure one acre or thereabouts. * As will be feen, the only thoroughfares of any importance in Manchefter were Market Stead Lane, Deanfgate, Mitigate, & Shudehill ; the only two ecclefiaftical . edifices being " The Old Church" and Trinity Church, Salford. * * ANCHESTER is faid about this time to have been " about a mile in length, the ftreets open and clean kept, and the buildings good." A TRADE was carried on in Fuftians and -*"* the like, " and the children, by their own labour, could maintain themfelves." LL kinds of foreign productions are reported to have been " brought and returned by the 'Merchants' of the place " at this period. [5J [6] Top of Market Street [Bvilt abovt 1550.] A3 will be feen from the Lithograph, the portion of Market Stead Lane [Market Street} here delineated is from Brown Street upwards. On the left is the Swan Coach Office, with the London Coach in front being loaded with packages and travellers. . *- 4 PROM thence the Coaches ftarted down the London Road, through Stockport, Maccleffield, Leek,Leicefter,&z., perform- ing the journey in about 23 hours. Street OROWN Street was then a narrow and ^ almofh impaffable thoroughfare, and at the time the Illuftration was drawn [1822] there was ftill a Manfion with an open garden in Market Street. + * * ""FHE names of the adjoining ftreets, viz. , Spring Gardens, Fountain Street, Sickle Street, Meal Street, Pool Fold, &c., now in the very heart of the city, give a clue to the paftoral nature of this fpot at a time contemporaneous with the erection of fome of the buildings fhown in the Illuftration. [7J [8J Middle of Market Street \_Bvilt abovt 1530.] N OT a veftige is remaining of the Market Street of former times. HTHE exifting New Market Lane, behind * the prefent Pofl Offices, leads to a portion of ground which was applied to the purpofes suggefted by its name, and it would be about this fpot where an entrance from Market Stead Lane, or rather Market Street Lane as it was then called, would be conftru6led. + "COR this, or fome other " improvement,' 5 * a gang of operators feem to be leifurely undertaking their tafk. * + A fair notion of the Manchefter coftumes of the period when this view would be printed \i822\ can be gathered from the Illuftration, which is taken in the neighbourhood of Cromford Court and Poolfold. * * * '"THE Houfe with the circular-headed windows was confidered a marked advance upon the architecture of its fellows, and it is interefting to compare this with exifting ftru6lures. [9J [10] Bottom of Market Street {Abovt 1820.] THE Illuftration mews the Buildings in the Old Market Place a vifta of Market Stead Lane [Market Street] ; and on the right, the " Old Exchange" built in 1805-6. HTHE Building ufed as an Exchange, prior to this, and ere<5tecl in 1729, was taken down in 1 792, and the vacant fite marked for fome time with a ftone pillar and pofts. ""THE Premifes at the corner of Market Stead Lane, occupied by Mr. Fawcett, Silverfmith, were removed about 1823, there being fcarcely room at this point for two vehicles to pafs abreaft ; whilft the prefent width of Market Street is 63 feet. + this particular portion of the former Town there is but one Building alone remaining the Wellington Inn, fituate on the left-hand fide of the Market Place, for generations the property of the Byrom Family. " Harrofi s Weekly Mercury" one of the earlieft of the Manchefter Journals [now merged in the Manchefter Guardian], was firft publifhed here in 1752. [12] Old Smithy Door \Abovt 1580.] THE exterior of the principal Building here figured will probably be familiar to moft Manchefter men of the prefent time, although this and all the adjacent property has now been fwept away. A T the back of the " Vintners Arms " the houfe in the centre of the Picture was Barlow s Co2trt, which at one time had been a Garden attached to a Manfion adjoining thofe reprefented in the Illuftration. A LTHOUGH many of thefe Buildings had ** of later years been relegated to the ftruggles of humble artificers in various trades, the interior fittings, fuch as baluftrades, ftaircafes, oriel windows, &c., fhowed them to have once been the homes of the wealthy refidents. T TP to the laft few years no portion of ^ Manchefter was more interefting to the Antiquarian than Old Smithy Door, its piclurefque outlines, and its varied affociations. [13] The "Old Cbvrcb" [Fovnded in 1422]. THE Manchefter Cathedral is, with one exception, the wideft Parifh Church in England, being in width 112 feet, and in length 220 feet. + * HTHE lower part of the old Tower A was in exiftence in about 1330, having been prefumably portion of a former edifice, the upper part being built by George Weft in 1518. + TN 1860 the old Tower 124 feet in -* height was removed. The new foundations for the prefent ereclion were laid in 1864. T^HE Choir Stalls, the workmanfhip of A which is of a very high order, were erecled about 1508. * * As may be feen from the Drawing, the ground abutting upon the weft front of "The Old Church" floped down to the River, Vittona Street, built upon arches, not being conftrucled until the early part of this century. This piece of doping ground was called Hunt's Bank, a name which the exifting approach to Victoria Railway Station ftill retains. ['Si Old Blackfriars Bridge [ConftrvEted in 1761.] r ~[~~ 1 HE Antique Wooden Structure 1 fhown in the Lithograph was erected by a Company of Comedians, for the more ready conveyance of their patrons to the Riding School, in Water Street, Salford, which they occupied as a Theatre. ""THE Bridge was approached by narrow A paffages and a flight of fteps, leading from the lower end of Deanfgate into " Blackfriars',' which was a continuation of the prefent " Parfonage? + + 4 A T this period only two other bridges "** joined Manchefter with Salford, " The Old Bridge " and " The New Bridge," called refpeclively at the prefent time Victoria and Albert. * + TN 1820 the exifting Three-arched Stone A Bridge was built at Blackfriars Street by fubfcription, and, for many years fubfequently, a toll was levied upon all foot-paffengers and vehicles crofiing. * + + ""THE Piers of the older Bridges inter- fering with the full flow of the River Irwell, the Corporation do not now conftrucl; bridges with more than one fpan. [17] THE FAST PILE In Jet and Blue Black, and all the Fafhionable Colours. IRoteo for its Superiority in SEE OPINIONS H)eptb of Sbaoe & IRicb Hppearance. OF THE PRESS. "MANCUNIUM" plutb /IDerveillCUJ, Manufactured in all the new fhades, is recommended for its foftnefs and luftre of finifh and depth of pile. E "MANCUNIUM" TKHO\>ett IDelVCt Stripe the New Coftume Cloth, Faft Pile, Black and all Colours. The above are to be had from all Firft-clafs Drapers. IdMTO^TANT C^OTICE. Public are requefted to fee the Name " MANCUNIUM " and Trade Mark, which is Stamped on the back of every yard, none other being genuine. Opinions of the Press. 44 Xa /ifcofce Jllustree." "T~*HE word c MANCUNIUM ' was centuries ago the name of Manchefter, A when held by the Romans. The City of Manchefter is generally known as the great centre of manufacturing induftries, and whilft it is looked up to by all interefted in the world of fafliion at home, it is regarded by our Continental neighbours as the fource whence all the greateft improvements in machinery for the manufacture of textile fabrics find their ftarting point, as in no city in the world can fuch enterprife be found to encourage experiments being made. The ' MANCUNIUM ' Velveteen, which has arrived at fuch a ftate of perfection, muft furely be the refult of improved machinery, as the clofenefs of its weaving and its filkinefs combine, with the rich appearance of Genoa Silk Velvet, the fubftance and durability of a good Lyons Velvet. No objectionable tint appears to mar the effect of the dye of the 'MANCUNIUM' Velveteen, which is really abfolute perfection, and may be worn by ladies of haut ton. Whether for complete garments or trimming purpofes, the fuccefs of the 'MANCUNIUM' is affured." 44 Xe ffollet." """THE 'MANCUNIUM' Velveteen has a clofe, finely fet, and very filky pile ; J. it is very foft to the touch, and drapes richly and gracefully, and has alfo the great advantage of being far lighter and fofter in wear than moft other makes. The blacks are a remarkably deep and rich (hade, fhowing any black material with which they are combined to great advantage. The coloured 'MANCUNIUMS,' of which there are many varieties, embrace the moft beautiful and fafliionable fhades." " Aabame ScbWs Journal." TT has all the appearance of a rich Silk Velvet. The black is of jet hue, J. wonderfully rich, and the material fo clofe in texture and foft as to merit all the praifes beftowed on its filken rival. Other colours alfo are equally good, and from 40 to 50 various fhades of colour can be procured. We fpeak from our own experience of the actual wear of the 'MANCUNIUM' Velveteen, in ftating that it cannot fail to meet with the unqualified approval of all purchafers." a "Gbe Queen." E Manufacturers of the 'MANCUNIUM' Velveteen have eminently fucceeded in producing a deeper black than has hitherto been introduced in this material. The 'MANCUNIUM' is a rich jet black, and of excellent quality." " Xaofes'