(Phonographic by Isaac Pitman i^"' : "Mi- : $ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES THE A GUIDE TO A PRACTICAL ACQUAINTANCE WITH THE ART OF PHONETIC SHORTHAND BY ISAAC PITMAN. Eleventh Edition. Who, that is much in the habit of writing, has not often wished for so* 1 " or three dashes of the pen, that which uture of time and labor to corn- paper t Our present mode of communication must be felt to be cumbersome in the last degree ; unworthy of these days of invention we require some means of bringing the operations of the mind and of the hand, into closer correspondence." English J.'. LONDON: F.. PITMAN, PHONETIC DEPOT, 20 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. \ BATH: ISAAC PITMAN, PHONETIC INSTITUTE. Price Sixpence. -AS, A GUIDE TO A PRACTICAL ACQUAINTANCE WITH THE ART OP PHONETIC SHORTHAND. BY ISAAC PITMAN. Eleventh Edition. Three Hundred and Fifty-fifth Thousand. " Who that is much in the habit of writing, has not often'wished for some means of expressing by two or three dashes of the pen, that which, as things are, it requires such an expenditure of time and labor to commit to paper ? Our present mode of communication must be felt to be cumbersome in the last degree ; unworthy of these days of invention : we require some means of bringing the operations of the mind, and of the haud, into closer corres- pondence." English Renew. LONDON: P. PITMAN, PHONETIC DEPOT, 20 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.G. BATH : ISAAC PITMAN, PHONETIC INSTITUTE. 1866. [Entered at Stationers' Hall] PHONOGRAPHY. THERE has hitherto existed among all nations, great disparity, in point of facility and dispatch, between the usual methods of communicating thought speaking and writing : the former has always been comparatively rapid, easy, and delightful ; the latter tedious, cumbrous, and wearisome. It is most strange that we who excel our progenitors so far in science, literature, and com- merce, should continue to use (with but very slight changes in the forms of the letters,) the mode of writing which they have handed down to us. Our usual method of communication, by its com- plexity, obliges the readiest hand to spend at least six hours in writing what can be spoken in one. Why should we not attempt to simplify our written characters, and make them correspond, in some degree, to the simplicity of spoken sounds ? The method of writing here presented, after having been subjected to the ordeal of several years' practice, by thousands of persons, has proved itself to be free from the cumbrousness complained of; and, while it can be written with fluency and ease, it may be read after any length of time with rapidity and accuracy : it is a system of exhibiting speech on paper, by signs closely resembling, in sim- plicity, the sounds they represent. The great and desirable object which the Author believes he has accomplished, is briefly this : The representation of every sound and articulation that occurs in the English language, by a simple and easily-formed sign, which will readily enter into every combi- nation required, and whicH is never used to represent more than that one sound or articulation. These signs being of the briefest description, (dots, right-lines, and curves,) PHONOGRAPHY is necessarily a system of SHORTHAND ; but it must be seen, from i 4. 4- 449437 what has been stated, that it is radically distinct from every system of mere Stenography that has yet appeared. In Phonography, it may almost be said that the very sound of every word is made visible ; whereas, in deciphering any of the common systems of Shorthand, the context, the memory, the judgment all must be called in to assist the eye. This is the great obstacle which has hitherto prevented shorthand from coming into general use. Its illegibility when written makes us fear to trust our thoughts to its faithless keeping, and renders it quite insufficient to supersede common writing, as a means of general communication. On the appearance of the Phonetic system of shorthand, this stigma was removed from the Art. Phonetic Shorthand is even more legible than longhand, supposing both styles to be written with equal rapidity. There are few persons who have not frequently experienced the want of a more rapid method of committing thought to paper than the common longhand affords. To copy from some scarce or valued work an extract of a few pages, to express our own thoughts with rapidity, either in composition or corres- pondence, or to secure the eloquence of some rapid speaker, the lengthy system at present in use is altogether inadequate. Phonography combines the legibility of longhand, with more than the brevity of ordinary shorthand. The system is capable of answering every requirement of the man of science or business, as well as of the professional reporter ; yet it is so simple, that its principles may be mastered in a few hours , and an hour's daily practice for a month, in reading and writing, will enable the student to use it with safety and some degree of freedom ; while the same amount of practice, continued for six or eight months, will enable anyone who has acquired facility in using the pen in common writing, to report spefth.es, sermons, lectures, etc., delivered at the rate of a hundred words per minute. By continued practice, the writer will be able to report a rapid speaker verbatim. "Our living flocks of thoughts need no longer trudge it slowly and wearily down the pen and along the paper, hindering eacli other as they struggle through the strait gate of the old handwriting. Our troops of feelings need no more crawl, as snails crawl, to their station on the page : regiment after regiment may now trot briskly forward, to fill paragraph after paragraph : and writing, once a trouble, is now at breathing-ease. Our kind and loving thoughts, warm and transparent, liquid as melted from the hot heart, shall no longer grow opaque, and freeze with a tedious dribbling from the pen ; hut the whole soul may now pour itself forth in a sweet shower of words. Pho- notypy and Phonography will be of a use in the world not dreamed of, but by a few. Aye, and shake your heads as ye will, they will uproot the old spelling ; they will yet triumph over the absurdities of the dead age." HENRY BUTTON'S Evangel of Love. THE PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET. CONSONANTS. EXPLODENTS. CONTINUANTS. P \ \ B || F X ^ V T | D TH ( ( TH CH / / J S ) ) Z K _ G SH J J ZII NASALS. M ^ N ^ NG ^ LIQUIDS. r COALESCENTS W O-^ > Y C^ f ASPIRATE H () / ^ VOWELS. LONG. SHORT. 1. AH alrns a at 2. A ape e et 3. . E eat i it 4. AU oil "1 on 5. - ope u - up 6. OO ooze 60 M 7 DIRECTIONS FOR PRACTICE. The student of 'Phonography will find no difficulty in acquiring a knowledge of this useful a v t, if he will practise according to the following directions : He should first obtain a knowledge of the sounds of the Phonographic Alphabet, by pronouncing them aloud ; and then learn the signs by which these sounds are represented. This is most effectually done by writing each character several times, and pronouncing its name aloud at the same time. The following Exercises are to be read, and afterwards copied into a book made of ruled paper. The pupil is not to read through the whole book before he commences writing, but to read one page, and then write out every shorthand letter or word in it several times, until he can form the characters neatly and accurately. . The phonographic characters should not be written smaller than they are here ; and care must be taken at the outset to trace them slowly and accurately. Rapidity and accuracy combined can be attained only by practice. Though it is not absolutely necessary to use ruled paper when writing Phonography, yet it will be a great advantage to the learner. Either a pen or pencil may be employed. A pencil is the most convenient instrument at the commencement of the pupil's exercises, but for his usual writing he will find a pen more suitable. All the consonants, when standing alone, should rest upon the line. L I , the straight / r, (/ w, ^ y, and Q h, are written upward. Horizontal letters, as k, ^-~~ m, are written from left to right. All other consonants, as | t, \ p, are written downward ; but, WHEN JOINED TO OTHER STROKES, I and sh may be written either upward or downward. On the following page, each consonant is repeated several times, for the purpose of giving the pupil sufficient practice in its formation to enable him to write it accurately, and remember its sound. NAMES OF THE CONSONANTS. pee, bee ; tee, dee ; chay, jay ; kay, gay ; ef, vee ; ith, thee ; es, zee ; ish, zhee : em, en, ing : el, ar : way, yay : aitch. EXERCISE 1. CONSONANTS. [This page, and all the Shorthand Exercises that follow, must be carefully written out by the pupil into his Copy Book, each shorthand letter being pro- nounced aloud as it is written. A good style of writing can be formed only by carefully drawing the shorthand characters. Speed will come by practice.] P,B \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ T, D CH.J // // // // // K, G . _ F,V VV. TH, TH ( ( (( (( (( (( s, z)) )) )) )) )) SH,ZH JJ JJ JJ JJ JJ M KG s^, ^^ v^/ ^, ^^ v^/ v^, v^, L ( u P) r rrrrrrrr R (up) / / / / (down) A \ \ \ W (up) (down) H (up) (down) / ** The pupil should write out this paye several times, till he w able to form the characters accurately. 9 ON JOINING THE CONSONANTS. All the consonants, when written alone, should rest upon the line. When combined to form words, they should be written without taking off the pen ; the second commencing where the first ends, and the third being continued from the end of the second, etc. The following combinations, from line 1 to 5, must rest upon the line. In the combinations given in line 6, and all similar ones, the first letter rests upon the line, and the second is written below. Every line and curve employed in the Phonographic Alphabet, is written in the direction of one of the lines of the following diagram : 2 except when a letter in the 3rd position stands alone. In this case it is written less sloping when struck downwards, as / ch ;. and more sloping when struck upwards, as /" r. EXERCISE 2. COMBINATIONS OF CONSONANTS. Write the longhand letters after the Shorthand, as in hne 1, and so in all the following Exercises. tm , I mt, nt. 10 ADDITIONAL SIGN FOR S AND Z. In addition to the curved strokes ) ) for s, z, these letters are also represented by a small circle, o, which is joined to other con- sonants thus : EXERCISE 3. i. i r L L ' ~i i 3 . -f J_ 4 & is written by a large circle ; thus \Q pss. THE UPWARD R. R is represented by either ^\ written downward, or ^^ written upward, as may be convenient for joining with other letters. The upward r is most used It is joined to other con- sonants thus : EXERCISE 4. 5. /\ \y A V // A v~ The distinction between cA and r, when joined, will be seen thus: m,r; k,r ; / k,ch. 11 LONG VOWELS. as in alms, ape, eat, ' _ AU, all, _!_ 0, ! 00. oak, ooze. The first three are represented by a dot, and the last three by a short stroke or dash at a little distance from the consonant. These signs are here placed to k, the first consonant, to show their respective places ; namely, against the beginning, middle, or end of ANY consonant. "When a vowel is placed on the left-hand side of an upright or sloping letter, or above a horizontal one, it is to be read before the consonant ; and when it is placed on the right-hand side of an upright or sloping letter, or below a horizontal one, it is read after the consonant. EXERCISE 5. CONSONANTS AND VOWELS. VOWELS FOLLOWING CONSONANTS. c V, <. r- c VOWELS PRECEDING CONSONANTS. 12 ON WRITING PHONETICALLY. The English alphabet contains but twenty-three useful letters (rejecting c, q, x, = s, k, ks,) to represent the thirty-four distinct sounds of the language ; the Phonetic alphabet, on the contrary, provides a letter for each sound. The following examples will serve to illustrate the principle of Phonetic writing : t, the first stroke-vowel au, and k, \ talk. t, the third dot-vowel e, and m, V~~3. team. m, the second stroke-vowel o, and t, ' | moat. k, the first stroke-vowel au, and I, /"" call. r, the second dot-vowel a, and t, /' \ rate. METHOD OF PLACING THE VOWELS. Vowels that are written at the commencement of a consonant, as ah, au, are called first-place vowels ; vowels that are written in the middle of a consonant, as a, o, are called second-place vowels ; and vowels that are written at the end of a consonant, as ee, oo, are called third-place vowels. When a vowel comes between two consonants, it is possible to write it either after the first or before the second ; as [ or | . take. To secure uniformity in the writing of Phonographers, the following general rules are established : FiRST-place vowels are written after the first consonant; as _ not [j talk. SECOND-place vowels are written after the first consouant when they are long /as " j mate ; and before the second when they are short ; as ' ^1 met. (See Short Vowels, page 15.) TniRD-place vowels are written before the second consonant ; as ^ not |f-x team. The rule for a second-place short vowel does not apply when the second consonant is the circle *. r 13 ? EXERCISE 6. 1 nay "~-^ toe f too 2 tea may s- -N mow ^^ 3 me ^~ 'i gnaw |^~ know ^y' 4 low (* i lay / " law /^ 5 eat . oat ought 6 see ) , saw _, )" so )- 7 team [, -^ take '_ talk Q_ 8 9 meet ' moat I | mate ~r-\ -j-i ^^ Kate coat keep \. 10 keel f' call 1 J coal / 1 11 meal /- y male ^r ^j mole ^P^ 12 meek /-~ s ; make /^ "s came ~r^~^ 13 peel > ^f pail X/ \ [^ pool N/^ 14 feel V V^ fail ^ ^ fame ^~-^^> 15 pore \ ty peer \ . \ S poor N^X 16 t reap / > rope /%> root /\ j 9. EXERCISE 8. ON THE LONG VOWELS. Write each word in Shorthand and in Longhand, as in the first line. eat, /. see, )~ so, /" 1. I. tea, toe, _ too, see, J so, / say, l_ do. 2. show, shoe, foe, may, mow, nay, 110, gnaw, lay, law. 3. reap, rope, wrote, keep, cape, mean, name, known. 4. teem, take, tame, talk, meet, mate, moat, caught, coat, Kate. 5. meek, make, came, cane, keen, comb, mere, mare, mole, coal. 6. peel, pale, pair, poor, peer, pole, pool, fear, feel, leaf, fame. 7. feet, fate, pate, peat, fought, cheek, choke, coach, teach, cheat. 15 SHORT VOWELS. 12345 6 : _ a e _ i ' _ o I u _ ' oo. as in at, et, it. on, up, foot. The short vowels are represented by marks similar to those used for the long ones, but they are made light to indicate their light or short sounds. EXERCISE 9. EXERCISE 10. To be written by the pupil in Phonography, and in Longhand. 1st light dot : cat, mat, fat, pat, rat, rag, tack, pack. 2nd met, net, bell, fell, get, pet, bet, let. 3rd pit, fit, it, mit, knit, bit, mill, fill. 1st light dash : not, cot, got, rot, lot, rob, rock, lock. 2nd cut, nut, rut, rub, sun, fun, but, bun. 3rd pull, full, foot, push, bush. 16 ASPIRATE. The aspirate is written by a small dot prefixed to the vowel sign ; thus, s~4 Mm, "\ had; or by / written downwards, or . ^ are V o as* 1 \ be V bat ^ in* ^ there for is \ to from X of* / which have J shall s who he ( that* c with * I* the - you The words marked (*) are written above the line ; the others rest upon the line. A dash (written upward) is used for and, because the dot vowel of the word is required for a, and a dash may be joined to other words in reporting. When the upward r is written by itself, it should make an angle of 60 degrees with the perpendicular ; and ch when standing alone, should make an angle of 30 degrees. That is written by the sign for tk shortened. See page 27. THE CIRCLE 5. 5 at the beginning of a word is always read first, that is, before the vowel; thus, \ sat, P seat, P sight, _}> soon. S at the end of a word is read lost ; thus, \^face, /^-^ mouse. When it is required to place a vowel to s or z, either before or after, the stroke -letter must be used ; thus, 2 ask, Y ea *t> ). see > )"*<>; ,) ease, ._) whose, /O lazy. PREFIX CON, AND AFFIX ING. The prefix con or com is expressed by a light dot at the com- mencement of a word, thus ; ] contain, 9 construe, < \y comply, ^-^ compose. The affix ing is expressed by a light dot at the end of a word, thus ; .1 eating, I talking, \_ taking. 19 EXERCISE 13. In writing out the following Exercise into his Copy Book, the pupil should place the longhand of each word under the shorthand. He should then write the piece in Shorthand from the key at the foot of the page, compare his writ- ing with the printed copy, and correct errors. A period is marked in Shorthand by a small cross, thus x and the note of interrogation by f placed before the sentence. There was once on a time a good little dwarf named " Try," who was so powerful that he overcame every thing that he attempted ; and yet was so small that people laughed when they were told of his wondrous powers. But the tiny man was so kind at heart, and loved so much to serve those who were less able than himself, that he would go and beg of those who knew him better, to intercede 20 \ .a x r\ U 'X. V . for him, that he might be allowed to help them out of their trou- bles ; and when once he had made them happy by his noble deeds, they no longer despised him, or drove him away with sneers, but loved him as their best friend. Yet the only return this good dwarf sought for all his services, was, that when they knew any one who wanted a helping hand, they would say a good word in his favor, and recommend them to " Try." 21 EXERCISE 14. The following Exercise sh ould be translated into Longhand on a separate piece of paper, and from this it should be written, in Shorthand, in the Phonograpliic Copy Book, and afterwards compared with the printed Shorthand. This pro- cess should be repeated till the Exercise can be written correctly. The same method may be followed with the remaining Shorthand Exercises. 1. XI, / / 3. \ V 4. a 5. ; \ \ \ . 11- 22 EXERCISE 15. / o 71 , ' x /X ( >) s \ \ 3- Iv s Lj / O - I 5 <. ^- (^ '\ ' u , ' ( L r , I ^/ IV ^ V, ,-~^ >| L . ( ' x \ , / ( / M , ( ,i \ \ ''I > r 23 EXERCISE 16. THE GOOD ALONE ARE FREE. 1. .1 VUl ^ N <^1 9 I 2. v ~l C i' ( S D j, n . -( n . ^ 1 / 24 EXERCISE 17. GOD THE CEEATOE. n A- ; x / / v J .0 J x x O x_fi ' v . vi "* v --- 1 N I ^~> i ^^' , \ X ' v X X S , . . ). x X ' L I ^ I ^ L .b LJ, J -^ -b I j . V .b 25 S X X x vix v > r- , ' .vi f ,, 27 CONTEACTIONS. HALF-SIZED CONSONANTS. When a thin consonant is made half length, that is, one half of its usual size, it acquires the additional power of t, and a thick letter halved, expresses d ; thus : The letters w, m, I, r, are made half length to express the addition of t, and are then thickened to express d; thus : v -' N, v> nt, \^ nd ; ^~N M, f~\ mt, rv md; /^~L, r It, rid; "\ R, -> rt, ~> rd. x 7 ^" U Uc U* l> f~^ \ When a verh ends in t, the past tense (if formed hy adding the syllable ed,) is written by shortening t ; as, ij or ^- wo^, V Y1- noted; Ij or coa^, "Tl - coated. A vowel placed after a half-sized consonant is read before the added letter. * 28 TERMINATING N HOOK. A final hook on the left-hand side of a descending straight letter, or following the direction of a curved letter, represents n ; thus, ^ X J- I J- / ^ Vx (v U -7 -? v n S is added to the w-hook, thus, <> o J"" d"~ t/* a* -i -"" ~^T^ TERMINATING -TION (shon) HOOK. A LARGE final hook represents the termination -tion (shon). It may be written on either side of a STRAIGHT letter. Examples : I, condition, i\i station, \^) fashion, s-^ mission. EXERCISE 19. To be written by the pupil in Phonography, and in longhand. 1. cone, town, deign, chiu, Jane, pine, bean, run (upward r). 2. cones, towns, deigns, chins, Jane's, pines, beans, runs (upward r). 3. shine, then, fawn, vein, lawn, earn (downward r), known, moan. 4. shines, fawns, veins, lawns, leans, earns, man's, moons. Do as you wish others to do to you. When you feel angry, it is well to think long before you speak. Try to do that which is right, and avoid that which is wrong. There is a time for play, and there is a time for work ; a time to think, and a time to talk ; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak. When you speak, think to whom you speak, of whom you speak, and say only that which you know to be just and right. EXERCISE 20. THE BEATITUDES .Matthew, ch. 5, v. 312. V3: I. 3 o . - \ \ ^: I. ( y -NJ. ^ ( J ). o/ V --f . \ I f-: Np ^ \ \ 30 EXERCISE 21. THE CONCEALED DIAMOND. " C- s V' s^ c. \ ^r. d/y\ ^_^\ ' ^ V r^- c. > \ C- C 5? 31 / < ^, ' )' ' rr .1 n L3 , ^} J N .1 /f ^ ^ V (Delia's) ^^^- , ^/4 N cr , . 449437 32 METHOD OF PRACTICE. When the student has completed the course of lessons here laid down, he is recommended to procure the two works entitled the Phonographic Reader, and Manual of Phonography. The Reader consists of a course of graduated lessons in Phonetic Shorthand ; and the Manual contains a more abbreviated style of writing than could be developed in an elementary treatise like the present. It is, at the same, time, more easily read than the freely vocalized style in this Teacher. While studying the Reader aud Manual, and copying out the shorthand lessons which they contain, the pupil should forward a few of his own exercises to some member of the Phonetic Society for gratuitous examination and correction. The following directions should be attended to in preparing and transmitting exercises : Write in Phonography, on ruled paper, a few verses of Scripture, or a short extract from a newspaper, leaving every alternate line for corrections and remarks, aud send the exercise (with the printed slip of the newspaper, if such be employed,) to any member in the List of the Society in Class 1, enclosing an envelope, stamped and addressed, for its return. A List of the Phonetic Society for the current year, price 2d., may be obtained of the booksellers. Phonographers are respectfully invited to join this Society, and thus aid in the general introduction of Phonetic writing and printing. The perusal of one or two Phonetic Shorthand books, or the shorthand department of the "Phonetic Journal," (') will afford the student that familiarity with the Phonographic signs which is indispensable to rapid reading and writing. There, also, will be found the forms which experience has shown to be the best, for those words which allow of being written in more than one way. 1 See Catalogue appended. Printed by Isaac Pitman, Phonetic Institute, Bath. April, 1867.] ISAAC PITMAN'S CATALOGUE IN AID OF THE Beaming antJ SEriting Reform. London : FEED. PITMAN, Phonetic Depot, 20 Paternoster row, E.C. Bath : ISAAC PITMAN, Phonetic Institute. Books of the value of Is and upwards are sent post-paid : on books under \s, postage is charged at the rate of \d.for\lb. On four or more copies of any work a reduction of one -fourth is made ; postage being paid by the purchaser. The postage of 'I "Teachers," or "Readers," is Id., and of 3 "Manuals," or 2 "Companions," 2d. By this arrangement it is hoped to engage the services of phonographers in securing a wide circulation for the phonetic shorthand and phonoti/pic publications. Postage is charged on Stationery, at the rate of^d. per pound, A packet of Letter or Reporting paper weighs lib., and a packet of Note or Magazine pa- per %lb. Pens and Pencils cannot be sent by the Book Post, but may be for- warded at letter rates. The postage of a Box of Pern is \d. Pencils are not forwarded by post in less quantities than a dozen, the postage of which is fid. Remittances of 10s., and upwards, should be sent by Post Office order, and smaller sums in postage stamps. Letters that contain postage stamps should not be sealed with wax. A %lb parcel of Phonetic Tracts, assorted, with a specimen number of the Pho- netic Journal, will be forwarded for 6d.,p. paid. Address Isaac Pitman, Bath . PHONETIC SHORTHAND. The Books recommended to the Student on commencing the study of Phonetic Shorthand are the "Phonographic Teacher" and "Copy Book." The Phonographic TEACHER; (a revised edition of the "Phonographic In- structor,") containing a series of progressive Lessons to be read, and written out by the student, llth edition, 3i5th thousand, 6d. The Phonographic COPY BOOK, made of ruled paper, 3