BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY; Containing a chronological Account, alphabetically arranged, of the most curious, scarce, useful, and important BOOKS, IN ALL DEPARTMENTS OF LITERATURE, which have been published in LATIN, GREEK, COPTIC, HEBREW, SAMARITAN, SYRIAC, CHALDEE, iETHlOPIC, ARAEIC, PERSIAN, ARMENIAN, &C. From the Infancy of Printing to the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century. With Biographical Anecdotes of Authors, Printers, and Publish- ers;... a distinct Notation of the Editiones principes and optima..-. and the Price of each Article, (where it could be ascertained) from the best London Catalogues, and public Sales of the most valuable Libraries, both at home and abroad. Including the WHOLE of the FOURTH Edition of Dr. HARWOOD's VIEW OF THE CLASSICS, With innumerable Additions and Amendments. To "which are added, AN ESSAY ON BIBLIOGRAPHY, With a general and particular Account of the different Authors on that Subject, in Latin, French, Italian, German, and English.. . a Description of their Works ; first, improved, and best Editions j with critical Judgments on the whole, extracted from the best bibliographical and typographical Authorities. And an Account of the best English Translation of each Greek and Latin Classic. VOL. III. Hi sunt magistri qui nos instruunt sine virgis et ferula, sine verbis et colera, sine pane et pecunia. Si accedis non dormiunt; si inquiris non se abscondunt ; non remurmurant si oberres j cachinnos nesciunt si ignores. RICHARD OF BURY. LIVERPOOL, PRINTED BY J. NUTTALL, for W. BAYNES, NO. 54, PATER-NOSTER-ROW, LONDON-. 1803. foil I20h ADVERTISEMENT. v, & L HE Editor of the Bibliographical Dictionary *gain returns heartiest thanks to the public for their con-, tinued encouragement of the work. He hopes he can say, that his promise of keeping it in a progressive state of improvement has been faithfully observed; and that the present volume bears evident marks of superadded care and attention. His aim and ambition have been to make it, as far as time and circumstances would admit, in some measure worthy of the public patronage with which it has been favoured. It is to him an additional proof of the good taste of the nation, and of the high esteem it entertains for polite and useful liteiature, that a Dictionary of Authors and their Works, such as the present, should be so eagerly purchased by all classes. May a spirit, so honourable to Britons, be ever cultivated, and crowned with suitable success J The subject of this work must appear to many at first view as dull and uninteresting; but it has been the Editor's constant aim, by inserting numerous criticisms from the learned, with the best authenticated literary and bio- graphical anecdotes, to render a work, necessarily dull in itself, both entertaining and instructive ; and he flatters himself his endeavours have not been unsuccessful. It may be farther necessary to state, that it has been the design of the Editor, from the beginning, to include in his work an account, 1st, of all the ancient Classics, both Greek and Latin, in all their principal Editions, from /? O'C *> O* the ADVERTISEMENT. the invention of printing to the present time: 2dly, all the primitive Fathers, Greek and Latin, with all ancient and modern Ecclesiastical Writers in these Languages : and, 3dly, all celebrated works in every department of science and literature, published either in Greek, Latin, Arabic, Syriac, &c. either at home or abroad. Books in other languages could not have been included without extending the work beyond all reasonable limits. Be-, sides, the Editor hopes to be able to furnish his friends and the public with something on a similar plan in the more modern languages of Europe, after the present work shall have been completed. The fourth volume will be put to the press, and printed with all convenient speed. Liverpool, July I, 1803. ERRATA. In vol. 2, p. 240, lin. 7, for 1473 read 473. In vol. 3, p. 240, lin. antepenult, for Beparionem read Bessarionem. For information concerning other Errata &c. the reader is respectfully referred to the Advertisements pre- fixed to the two preceding volumes. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, &c. c o ECCLESIASTICAL COLLECTIONS. --^ COUNCILS. V-^ONCILIA Generalia Ecclesise Catholicae, Pauli V. P. P. Auctoritate edita, Gr. et Lat. fol. Roma?, Typ. Propag. 1628, 4 vol. Conciliorum Collectio Regia, fol. max. Par. Typ. Reg. 1644, 37 vol. a Joanne Harduinoy fol. Paris. Typ. Reg. 1715, 12 vol. Collectio Maxima Conciliorum, a Phil. Labb6 et Gab. Cossarty fol. Paris. Societas, 1672, 18 vol. - ex iisdem, a Jo. Dom. Mansi, fol. Ven- Ant. Zatta, 1759-92, 30 vol. This is the best Col. lection yet published. Synodicon, seu Pandectae Canonum Apostolorum et Conciliorum, a Guill. Beveregio, Gr. et Lat. fol. Oxon. 1672, 2 vol. Canones Apostolorum, Veterum Conciliorum Constitutiones, Decreta Pontificum Antiquiora, &c. a Joan. VuendelstinOy fol. parv. Moguntiae, Joan. SchoefFer, 1525. Scarce Edition. Apostolorum et Sanctorum Conciliorum Decreta, Gr. 4to. Paris. Conr. Neobarius, 1540. Beautiful and scarce Edition. B 2 C O ActaNiceni Concilii, cum Gelasii Cyziccni Com- mentario, a Roberto Bolforeo Scoto ; Tertias Synodi OEcumcnici Ephesi habitae, a Theodoro Peltano Soc. J. et Compendium Sanctarum et Universaiium Synodorum, ab Abrahamo Scultero, Gr. et Lat. fol. Commelinus, 1604. Concilium Ephesinum, Gr. fol. Heidelberga;, Commelin. 1595. Laodicense, Gr. cum tribus Versionibus, a Wolfango Gundlingio, 8vo. Norimb. 1684. Concilia Antiqua Gallia?, a Jacobo Siruwndo, fol. Paris. Cramoisy, 1629, 3 vol. To this the two fol- lowing Appendixes should be added ; that, a Petro de la Lande, fol. Paris. 1666 ; and that, a Ludovico Odespun, fol. ibid. 1646. Concilia Hispanica, a Card. Aguirre, fol. Romaj 1693, 4 vol. Concilia Anglicana, ab Henr. Spelmanno, fol. Londini, 1639 64, 2 vol. Collections of Canon Law. Bibliotheca Juris Canonici veteris complectens Canon. Eccl. et Codices antiquos turn Gra?cos turn Latinos, ex Bib). Christoph. Justelli a Guilt. Voello et Henr. Justello, fol. Paris. Ludovicus Billaine, 1661, 2vol. Corpus Juris Canonici emendatum, cum Glossis, jussu Gregorii XIII. P. M. fol. Roma;, 1582, 4 vol. Codex Canonum Vetus Ecclesiae Romanae, a Fr. Pithceo, fol. Paris. Typ. Reg. 1687, 2 vol. a/. Pet. Giberl, fol. Col. Allob. 1725, 3 vol. CO 3 Corpus Cartonicum, cum Commentariis, fol. Ven. Nic. Jenson, 1474. ab Albignano Trecio recognitum, fol. Venet. Jo. de Colonia, 1479. Repetitiones Juris Canonici, ab Azzone, fol. Ve- net. 1496. Compendium Juris Canonici, fol. Argentina, 1490. Decretum Gratiani, seu Concordantiae discordan- tium Canonum, fol. Argentina?, Heniicus Eggestein, 1 47 1 . Editio princeps. fol. Moguntice, Petr. Schoffer, 1472. Decretum Gratiani, seu Concordantiae discordan- tium Canonum, cum Apparatu Bartholomaei Brixien- sis, fol. Mogunt. Petr. SchbfFer, 1473, 2 vol. fol. Basilea?, Bern. Richel. 1476. cum Glossa, Romae, Georgius Laver de Herbipoli, 1476. fo!. Venet Nicolaus Jenson, 1477. fol. Romas, Udalr. Gallus, alias Barba- tus, 1478. Recognitum, a Jo. Bapt. de Lanciis, foL Romae, Simon de Luca, 1479. 4to. Venet. Adam deRotwill, I4SO. cum Glossis Jo. Semeca? et Barthol. Brixiensis, 4to. Venet. Petrus de Blasiis, 1483. The celebrated Gratian was the true author of this branch of sacred literature : and although, in the 6 th century, Dionysius Exiguus, Crescentius, and others, had made similar Collections, yet Gratian, who was a monk of Bologne about A. D. 1 140, was the first who formed a regular series of sacred Canons, and re- B2 4 e o duccd sacred jurisprudence to the form of a regular science. The labours of the learned since, to amend the work of Gratian, are a sufficient proof of the high estimation in which the original has been held. Gra- tian was undoubtedly one of the most learned men of his age. The Glosses entitled Palea are the work of a lawyer, who flourished a little after Gra- tian's time. Gratiani Decretorum Libri quinque secundum Gregorianos Libros distincti per Johannem a Tune- cremata, ex Cod. MSS. a Justo Fontanim, Archiep. Ancyr. fol. Romas, 1726 27, 2 vol. Decretorum Breviarium, a Paulo Floi^eniino, foL Mediolani, Pachel, 1479. Decretorum Auctoritates a Jo. Caldrino ; fol. Co- lonise Agrippinae, Petrus de Olpe, 147 1 . Decretales cum Apparatu, fol. Moguntiae, Petri Schoffer, 1474. Antique Decretalium Collectiones, ab Ant. Au- gustino etJacobo Cujacio, fol. Par. Cramoisy, 1609. Nicolai I. P. M. Epistola?, fol. Romas, 1542. Epist. ad Michaelem Imp. ct alia, 4. to. Lips. 1536. Innocentii III. P. M. Opera, fol. Colon. 1575. Prima Collectio Decretalium atque Epistoke, ex Cod. Vaticano, a Gulielmo Sirlcto t io\. Roma?, Fr. Priscianensis, 1543, 2 vol. Edit, princ. a Rainerio Pomposiano, cum notis Steph. Baluzii, fol. Paris. Muguet, 1682, 2 vol. For the other writings of this pontiff, see the arti- cle LoTHARIUS. Innocentii IV. Pont. Max. Decretales, cum Flisci C CX 3 Comment, fol. Venct. impensa Nic. Jenson et Jo de Colonia, impressit Jo. Herbort, 1481. Innocenti IV. Apparatus Decretorum, fol. Argent. Henr. Eggestein, 1478. Apparatus Decretorum, fol. Venet;. Bern, de Stagnino, 1495. Gregorii IX. Pont. Max. Compilatio nova Decre- talium, fol. max. Mogunt. P. Schoffer, 1473. Edit, princ. This first and celebrated Edition is very in- teresting to the history of Printing, for some bar- barous Latin verses, which attribute the invention of printing to the two Johns (Guttemberg and Fust) and Peter Schoeffer ; the first of whom invented the art, the second forwarded it with pecuniary assist- ance, and the third, the first engraver of metallic types. There is also a person referred to in the concluding lines, who was corrector of the press to these first printers. See Maittaire, vol. 1. p. 327. fol. Romas, Udalricus Gallus et Simon Nicolai de Luca, 1474. fol. Rom. G. Laver de Herbipoli, 1474, fol. Venet. Nicol. Jenson, 1475. fol. Basil. Wenzler, 1478 et 1482. fol. max. Moguntia?, P. Schoffer, 1 479. cum Glossis, fol. Basileae, 1479. 4to. Venet. Andreas de Asula cum so- ciis, 1482. fol. Mediolani, Ant. deBonaso, 1482. fol. Spirae, Petr. Drach, 1486. cum Glossa et ejus Vita, 4to. Paris, Thielman Kerver, 1505. B3 6 C O Bonifacii VIII. Pont Max. Liber Sextus Decreta- lium, fol Moguntize, Joan. Fust et Petr. Schoffer, 1465. There were either two Editions of this in the same year, or the colophon was altered, for in different copies different subscriptions are found : but this appears in all the books printed at Mons before 1470. Bonifacii VIII. Pont. Max. Liber Sextus Decreta- lium, fol. ibid. P. Schoffer, 1470 et 1473. cum Glossa, fol. Roma?, Georg. Laver et Leon. Plugel, 1472. fol. Basilea?, Michael Wenzler, 1 477. Sextus Decretalium et extravagantes, fol. Venet. Nic. Jenson, 1479. fol. Venet. Jo. de Tortis, 1434. Constitutiones Clementis V. P. M. a Jo, Andrea, Hi. Moguntia?, Jo. Fust et Pet. Schoffer, 1460. cum Apparatu, fol. ibid. 1467, 1471, et 1476. fol. Argent. Henricus Eggestein, 1471. The first book printed at Strasburg with a dale. fol. Romse, Leon. Plugel. et Georg. Laver, 1472. fol. Roma?, Udalr Gallus, 1473. Ac- ced. Joannis XXII. Constit. Exivi, et Execrabilis, ab Andrea Bononicnsiy fol. Basil, Wenzler, 1476; et ibid. 1478. ex eadem Edit. fol. Ven. Jenson, 1476. < et cum Extravagantibus, fol. Venet. Nic. Jenson, 1479. Regula? et Ordinationes et Constitutiones Cancel- C O 7 lariae Apostolicse, 4to. Romae, 1471. A very scarce Edition, attributed to Philip de Lignamine, printer to pope Sixtus TV. Decisiones Rota? Romanae, antiquae, et novae, a Jo. Horborch, fol. Roma?, Udalr. Gallus, sine anno, cir- ca 1470, et cum Simone de Luca ejus socio, 1472. Decisiones Rota Romanae, antiquse, et novae, fol. Mogunt. Pet. Schbffer, 1477. a Bernardo de Bisigneto, fol. Rom. Georgius Laver, 1475. a Thoma Fastoli recollectae, fol. Rom. Georg. Laver, 1475. Liber Diurnus Pontificum Romanorum, 4to. Par^ 1680. This is the work of an uncertain author, sup- posed to have been written about A. D. 730. Bullarium Magnum, a Laertio et Ang. M. Cheru~ binis, fol. Lugd. 1687. ^ Bullarum, Privilegiorum ac Diplomatum Roma- norum Collectio amplissima, fol. Rom. 1744, 28 vol. Variorum Auctorum veterum Scripta de Jurisdic- tione Politica et Ecclesiastica, a Simone Schardio, fol. Basil. 1566. Monarchia S. Rom. Imp. sive Tractatus de Juris- dictione Imperiali et Pontificia, a Melchiore Gol- dasto, fol. Vol. Primus, Hanov. 1612. Vol. Secun- dus, Francof. 1614. Vol. Teitius, Francof. 1613. Collection of Greek and Latin Liturgies. Liturgiae SS. Patrum, Gr. fol. Paris. Typ. Reg. 1560. This Edition was reprinted, and the follow- ing, with a Latin version. 9 C O Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Graeeae, nunc primtini ex mss. Euchologiis collectus, ab Isaaco Ilabcrto, Gr. etLat. fol. Paris. Lud. Billaine, 1676. Missa Apostolica, a Wilhelmo Linda?io } Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Antverp. Plantinus, 1539. Divina Liturgia SS. Apostolorum et SS. Marci et Clementis, Gr. et Lat 8vo. Paris. Drovard. 1583. S. Jo. Chrysostomi, Basilii Alagni, &c. Gr. 4to. Rom. Demetrius Duca Cretensis, 1526. Edit. prin. et lib. rariss. done with red and black letters. Missae SS. PP. Jacobi Apostoli, Basilii, Jo. Chry- sost. &c. Graece, fol. Guill. Morellus, 1560. a Fr. Claudio de Sainctes, 8vo. Latine, Antverp. Jo. Stelsius, 1562. Divina Missa S. Jo. Chrysostomi, Gr. et Lat. 4to. Fratres de Sabioy 1528. Lib. rar. Liturgiae Basilii Magni, Gregorii Nazianzeni, et Cyrilli Alexandrini, ex Arabico in Latinum con- versae et editas, a Yictorio Scialach, 4to. Aug. Vin- del. 1614. B. Isidori Hispalensis de Officiis Ecclesiasticis, Lib. II. Svo. Antverp. Jo. Stelsius, 1534. Micrologus de Ecclesiasticis observationibus,Opus- culum ante annos prope quingentos conscriptum, a Pamelio Brugcnsi in lucem editum, 8vo. Antv. Plantinus, 1565. Acoluthia Lectoris, sive Sylliturgica, Gr Svo. Ve- net. Fed. Turrisanus cum Sign. A!di, 1549. Guillelmi Durandi Rationale Divinorum Officio- rum, fol. Mogunt. Jo. Fust etPet. Schoffer, 1459. C O 9 Liber rariss. This is the first book with a date in cast metallic characters. Peter Schoiffcr is gene- rally supposed to have been the inventor of them ; and as a reward for his ingenuity, John Fust gave him his daughter in marriage, in consequence of which he became heir to his printing-office. See Durandus. Liturgia Romana vetus, a Muratori, fol. Venetiis, 1748, 2 vol. Liturgiarum Orientalium Collectio, ab Renaudotio ) 4to. Paris. 1716. Collections of the Greek and Latin Fathers, and other Ecclesiastical Writers. Bibliotheca Patrum, a Margarino de la Bigne, fol. Paris. 1575, 8 vol. et fol. ibid. 1589, 9 vol. et ibid. fol. 1609 10. Another Supplement to this Edition came out at Paris in 1624 and 1639. Magna Bibliotheca Veterum Patrum, a Theologis Coloniensibus, fol. Colon. 1618, 14 vol. A Supple- ment, in folio, came out in 1622. Magna Bibliotheca Patrum et Scriptorum Eccle- siasticorum, fol. Paris. 1644-, 17 vol. etiterum, 1654, The first Supplement to this Edition came out in 1648, in two volumes, and another, in one volume, in 1672, both a Fr. Combefisio. See the article Bib- liotheca, vol. 2. p. 16. Bibliotheca Maxima Veterum Patrum, a Philippo Despont, fol. Lugduni, apud Anissonios, 1677 et seq. 27 vol. Thesaurus Novus Anecdotorum, ab Edmundo Martene et Ursino Durand, fol. Paris. 1717, 5 vol. 10 CO This and the two following Collections have not been much approved by the learned. Collectio amplissima Veterum Scriptorum, etMo- numentorum, ab iisdem, fol. Paris. 1724-33, 9 vol* Collectio Variorum Patrum, &c. a Jacobo Sir- mondo, ex edit. Jacobi de la Baune, fol. Paris. Typ. Reg. 1696, 5 vol. Thesaurus Anecdotorum Novissimus, a Bernar- do Fez, fol. Aug. Vindel. 1721 29, 5 vol. Thesaurus Monumentorum, 6cc. ab Henr. Cani- sio et Jacobo Basnage, fol. Antverp. 1715, 7 vol. A better Collection than the preceding. Bibliotheca Nova Manuscriptorum, a Philippo Labbeoy fol. Paris. 1657, 2 vol. Bibliotheca Patrum Ascetica, a Claudio de C/ian- telou, 4to. Paris. 1661, 6 vol. Bibliotheca Patrum Concionatoria, a Francisco Combefisio, fol. Paris. 1662. Bibliotheca Virginalis, sive Marias Mare Mag- num, a Petro de Alva ttAstorga, fol. Matriti, Typ. Reg. 1648, 3 vol. See article Bibliotheca, vol. 2. p. 17. MIKPOITPESBYTIKON : Veterum quorundam Bre- vium Theologorum, qui Apostolorum Temporibus floruerunt Opuscula, Gr. et Lat. fol. Basil. Henr. Petri, 1550. A very rare Edition. Orthodoxographa, seu Varia Scriptorum Veterum Monumenta, a Joanne Heroldo, Gr. et Lat. fol. Ba- sil. 1555. Hasreseologia, ab eodem, fol. Basil. 1556. C O 11 Monumenta Orthodoxographa, a Jo. Jacobo Gry- n circa 1475, 2 vol. Homilias Doctorum Ecclesiasticorum in Evangelia Dominicalia et Temporanea, jussu Caroli Magni per Alcuinum redacta?, 4to Lugd. 1525. Variorum Divinorum Liber unus, a Jeanne Meur- sio, Gr. 4to. Lugd. Bat. 1619. This rare Edition contains the works of several ancient writers, not published before. Varia Sacra, a Stephana le Moyne, 4to, Lug. Bat. 1685, 2 vol. Homilia; 'quatuor SS. Patrum, a Petro Pantuw, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Antverp. 1598. Scripta quasdam Patrum, a Theodoro Beza, 8vo. Geneva?, Henr. Steph. 1570. Opuscula quaedam Veterum Scriptorum, a Caspare Barthio, 8vo. Cygnea?, 1655. Heptas Praesulum, fol. Paris. 1671. Jacobi Sirmondi Opera Varia, fol. Paris. Typ. Reg. 1696, 5 vol. Volumes 1, 2, 3, and 5, contain some works of the Fathers, which in this Edition of Sirmond were publ : shed for the first time. Stephani Baluzii Miscellanea, 8vo. Paris. 167S- 1700, 5 vol. Variorum Patrum Orationes de Cruce Domini, a Jacobo Gre(zero, 4to. Ingolstadii, 1600, 2 voL C 14 C Q Insignia Itineraiii Italici, a Jacobo Tollio, Gr. ct Lat. 4to. Trajecti, 1696. Anecdota ex Ambrosiana Bibliotheca eruta, a Lud. Ant. Muratori, 4to. Mediol. 1697 98, 2 vol. Anecdota Graeca, ab eodem, Gr. et Lat. 4to. Pa- tav. Man/re, 1789 et 1713, 2 vol. Anecdota Graeca Sacra et Prophana, a Jo. Chris* toph. JVolJio, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Hamburgi, 1722 et seqq. 4 vol. Musasum Italicum, a Jo. Mabillonio et Michaele Germain, 4to. Paris. 1687 89, 2 vol. et ibid. 1724 2 vol. Best Edition. Deliciae Eruditorum, seu Veterum Anccdotorum Collectanea, a Joanne Lamio, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Flo- rent. 173644, 15 vol. Veterum Gallia? et Belgii Scriptorum Opuscula Sacra, a Casimiro Oudino, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1692. This contains the works of Hincmar, Fulbert, Her- man, Ernald, Guillelmus, and Gualter. Veterum Authorum qui ix Sa?culo de Gratia et Prasdestinatione scripsere Opera et Fragmenta, a Gil- berto Mauguin, 4lo. Paris. Billaine, 1650, 2 vol. Liber trium Virorum et trium Spiritualium Virgi- num, a Jacobo Fabro, fol. Paris. Henr. Steph. 1512. The men were, Hermas, Uguetinus, and Franc- Robertus ; tlie virgins were, Hildegarda, Elizabetha, and Matilda. Mella Patrum nascentis Ecclesia? per prima tria SiECula Collecta, a Franc. Rous, 8vo. Londini, Tho- mas Maxey, 1650. Anecdotorum Fasciculus, sive S. Paulini Nolani, Anonymi Scriptoris, Aiani Magni, ac Theophylacti Opuscula aliquot, a D. Johanne Aloysio Mingarello Can. Reg. Old. S. Augustini, 4to Roma?, Monaldini, 17)6. Fasciculi x Opusculorum, quae ad Historiam ac Philologiam Sacram spectant, 8vo. Roterodami, 1693700, 10 vol. Fasciculus Rerum Gra?carum Ecclesiasticavum, ab Aug. M.Badinic, 8vo. Fior. 1763. Tracts of Basili- us Magnus, Nicephorus Calistus, &c. not before pub- lished. Amoenitates Litteraria? Jo. Georgii Schelornii, 8vo. Francof. 1725, 7 vol. et ejusdem Amoenitates His- toriae Ecclesiastical et Litterariae, 8vo. ibid. 1737, 2 vols A good Collection, in which may be found several tracts of ecclesiastical writers, not before pub- lished. Miscellaneorum Collectio ex Codicibus mss. a Raymundo Duellio, 4to. Aug, Vindelin. et Graecii, 1723-24. Institutiones Theologicae Antiquorum Patrum, a Card. Jos. M.Thomasio, cum not. Ant. Franc. Fez- zosi, Gr. et Lat. 4to, Roma?, 1769, 4 vol. Collec- tio optima. Epistola? Variorum Patrum ad Ephesinum Conci- lium, e mss. Cassinensi desumpta?, a Frid. Christ. Lupo, 4to. Lovanii, 1632, 2 vol. They are connect- ed with : Commonitorium Caelestini Papa? ; Tituli Decretorum Hilarii Papa?; et Epistolae Anacle^i An- tipapae. C2 16 G O Vetcrum Epistolarum Ecclesiasticarum Hibernica- rum Sylloge, 4to. Paris. J 665. Vetus Disciplina Monastica, a Mon. Bened. Con. S. Blasii, 4to. Paris. Osmont, 1726. A valuable Collection of ancient Benedictine authors, who treat of monastic discipline. The chief are, Peter the dea- con, Sturmius abbot of Fulda, Benedict Anianens, Bernard Cluniacens, Wilhelmius, &c. Parcenctici Veteres, a Melchiore Hahninsfeldio Goldasto, 4to. Insular, 1C04. A rare collection, which includes : S. Prisci Valcriani Cimelens. Episc. de Bono Discipline Sermo ; Columbani Opuscula ; Dinamii Grammatici Epistola ; Basilii Canadensis Admonitiones ; Boethii de Moribus Liber ; Tyroli Regis Scotorum, Vuinsbekii Equitis Germuni, et Vuinsbekiae nobilis Germanise Parceneses ad Filios lingua veteri Teutonica. Priscus Valerianus flou- rished in the fifth century, and Dynamus Gramma- ticus in the sixth. Codex Regularum, quas Sancti Patres Monachis ct Sanctimonialibusprescripserunt, a Luca Jlolstenio, 4to. Roma;, 1661, 3 vol. Collectio Romana Bipartita veterum aliquot Histo- rian Ecclesiastics Monumentorum, aLuca Tlolstenio, 8vo. Roma?, 1662, 2 vol. The major part is made up of Episilts and ancient Synods. Opuscula tria veterum auctorum Fastidii Episcopi, Passio SS. Martyrum perpetua? et Felicitatis, et Pas- sio S. Bonifacii, a Luc a llolstenio, 8vo. Roma?, 1663. Veteris JEx'i Analecta, ab Antonio Matthai, 4to. llag. Comit. 1738, 5 vol. A valuable Collection C O 17 of ancient monuments, not before published, princi- pally relative to the expeditions to the Holy Land, the transactions of the Teutonic Order, &c. Cypriani, Hillarii, Leonis Papas, etaliorumOpus- cula, a Joseph. Chrysost. Trom belli, 4to. Bononia?, 1751. Veterum Patrum Beda?, Claudii Taurinensis, ali- orumque Opuscula, ab eodem, 4to. Bononias, 1755. SS. Patrum Toletanorum Opera, a Francisco de Lorenzana, fol. Matriti, 1782 85, 2 vol. SS. Philastrii, Gaudentii, B. Ramperti et Ven. Adelmanni Opuscula, jussu Card. Ang. Siuirini il- lustrata, fol. Brixia?, 1738. SS. Leo Magnus, Maximus Taurin. Petrus Chry- sologus, Fulgentius, Valerianus, Amedeus et Aste- rius, a Theophylo Bainaudo, fol. Paris. 1661. Hieronymi Theologi cujusdam Graeci, Dialogus de Trinitate, et aliorum Monumenta, a Christ. Dau- mio, 8vo. Cygneae, 1677. Isaaci Leoporii Presbyteri, Capreoli Episcopi Car- thaginensis, et Victorini Afri Libelli, a Jacobo Sir- mondo, 8vo. Paris. 1630. Achaia; Presbyterorum et Diaconorum Epistola de Martyrio S. Andraeae, a Carolo Christ. JFoogd, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Lips. 1749. Anecdotorum Medii ^Evi Collectio, a P. Franc. Zacharia, fol. Aug. Taurinor. 1755. Libri Veterum Pcenitentiales, ab Ant. Augustino, 4to. Venet. 1584. Capitularia Regum Francorum, Marculfi Mohaci, C3 18 C O et aliorum Formulas Veteres, Sec. a Stephano Baluzio, fol. Paris. 1773, 2 vol. Victoris Presbyteri Antiocheni, et aliorum SS. Pa- trum Expositio Evangelii secundum Matthasum, a Christiana Frid. Matthtei, Gr. 8vo. Mosquas, 1775 2 vol. Joannis Xiphilini et Basilii Magni Orationes ali- quot, ab eodem, Gr. 4to. Mosquas, 1775. Lectiones Mosquenses, ab eodem, Gr. 8vo. Lips. 1779, 2 vol. These are fragments of ancient Greek fathers, and other Greek writers. Consilia magna Britannia? et Hibernian, ab an. 446 ad an. 1717, a Davide Wilkins, fol. Londini, 1737, 4 vol. Collectio Bullarum Sacro Sancta? Basilica? Vati- cance, ab Aimibale Card. Albano, fol. Romas, 1747, 3 vol. Synodicon, sive Pandectas Canonum SS. Aposto- lorum et Conciliorum, ab Ecclesia Grasca recepto- rum, et canonici SS. Patrum Epistolarum, cum Scho- liis, a Guilt. Beveridgio, Gr. et Lat. fol. Oxon. 1G72. An excellent work. Liturgiarum Orietalium Collectio, ab Eusebio Re- naudotio, 4to. Par. 1716. Acta Primorum Martyrum, sincera et sclecta, a Ruinart, fol. Veronas, 1731. See Acta, Amcenita- tes, and Bibliotheca. Collection of the Remains of ancient Greek and Roman Architecture. Roman Antiquities, by Piranesi t 4 vol. C O if Ruins of Athens, by Stuart and Bevett, 3 vol. of Palmyra and Balbec, by Wood, 2 vol. of Spalatro, by Adams. of Poestum, by Major. Ionian Antiquities, by the Society of Dilettanti. Desgodetz Edifices Antiques de Rome, 2 vol. Overbecke Reliquiae Antiquae Urbis Romae. Clerisseau Antiquites de Nismes, 41 Plates. CastelVs Villas of the Ancients. Norderfs Travel's in Egypt, Nubia, kc. 2 vol. Les Thermes des Romains par Palladio, publies par Scamozzi in 20 atlas volumes, 96l. To these may be added, Dentin's Travels in Egypt, 2 vol. fol. A most interesting" and excel- lent work. Piranesi's Work delta Magnificenza d? ArchiteU tura di Roma, is an incomparably fine representa- tion of the elegance of the arts and private life in an- cient Rome, once the mistress of the whole world. The whole of his works, in 25 parts, agreeable to the list of them published at Rome by his brother in 1750, sells for 80 guineas. Baths of Titus. The ancient Paintings of the Baths of Titus, taken from the original by Carloni ; atlas folio; no date. No work was ever executed, which composes so splendid a Collection of fine Prints as this. It contains sixty- one coloured beauti- ful representations, exactly describing the style in which the ancients finished the apartments of their sumptuous structures. A very few copies have been taken off. A fine copy, in Mr. Paris's sale, pro- duced 1701. 2s. 20 CO Collection of Classics, printed by Foulis, in Duodecimo. Sophoclis Tragoediae septem, Gr. et Lat. 2 torn. Glasg. 1745. iEschyli Tragoediae septem, Gr. et Lat. 2 tom. Glasg. 1746. Antoninus de Seipso, Gr. et Lat. 2 tom. Glasg. 1744. Longinus, Gr. et Lat. Glasg. 1763. Demosth. Orationes, Graece, Glasg. 1762. Theocritus, Gr. et Lat. Glasg. 1746. Aris- toteles de Mundo, Gr. et Lat. Glasg. 1745. Plu- tarchi Poemata, Gr. et Lat. Glasg. 1753. Epicteti Enchiridion, Gr. et Lat. Glasg. 1758. Theophrasti Characteres, Gr. et Lat. Glasg. 1743. Best paper, uniformly and elegantly bound, gilt leaves, 30 vol. 7l. 7s. These are the best and most correct of all the Foulis printing. Collection of Classics, smallest Size, (from 3 to 4 Inches bj/ 2) alphabetically arranged, with their usual Prices, when in very good Condition, Apuleius, Amst. 1728, 4s. Ausonius, Amst. 1621, 4s. Boethius de Consolatione Philosophise, Parish's, 1640, 2s. Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, et Gallus, Amst. Elzev. 1651, 4s. Ciceronis Cato Major, Lut. 1753, 10s. 6d. Claudianus, Amst. 1628,4s. lleinsii, Amst. ap. Elzev. 1677, 3s. Cornelius Nepos, Lugd. 1616, 4s. Dictys Cietensis et Dares Phrygius, Amst. 1630, 3s. Gd. C O 21 Diversorum in Priapum lusus, 3s. 6d. Epictctiis et Cebes, Gr. et Lat. 2 vol. Lug. Bat. 1631, 7s. Erasmi Moriae Encomium, Amst. 1629, 5s, Historian Romans Scriptorcs, Amst. 1625, 4s. Horatius, Sedani, 1627, 11. Is. large paper, ll. lis. 6d. The small pa* per is a beautiful little book, Paris, e Typ. Pegia, 1733, ll. Is. Ismenis Ismeniasque amorum Historia, L. B. 1634, 4s. A copy of this, on silk, lately brought 1 2s. Justinus, Amst. 1638, 4s. Lucanus, Grotii, Amst. 1627, 3s. 6d. Lucretius, Amst. 1620, 3s. Martial, Scrwerii, Amst. 1621, 3s. Ovidii Opera, 3 vol. Amst. 1634, 10s. 6d. Phaedrus, Paris, e Typ. Regia, 1729 : large pa- per, 18s. small ditto. 10s. 6d. Pindari Olympia, Graece, Glasg. ap. Foulis, 1754. Printed on silk, ll. lis. 6d. on paper, 15s. Plautus, Amst. 1629, 4s. Plinii Panegyricus, Parisiis, 1648, 3s. Prudentius, Amst. 1631, 3s. 6d. Quintus Curtius, Amst. 1638, 3s. Seneca? Opuscula Philosophies, Lugd. Bat. 5s. Seneca Tragcediae, Amst. 1624, 3s. Silius Italicus, Amst. 1631, 5s. Suetonius, Pontani, Amst. 1627, 4s. Tacitus, Lipsii, Amst. 1631, 6s. Theophrastus, Gr. et Lat. Werdenhagen, Lug. Bat. 1632. 5s. 22 C O Valerius Maximus, Amst. 1626, 48. Virgiiius, Sed. 1625, ll. Is. General Observations on the first printed Classics, and others, taken principally from Palmer's His- tory of Printing. With respect to the forms of the works, they were generally either large or small folios, or at least quartos; the smaller sizes were not in use. The leaves were without running title, direction word, number of pages, or divisions into paragraphs. The character itself was a rude old Gothic, mixed with secretary, designed on purpose to imitate the hand- writing of the time. The words were so closely and connectedly printed, that they were difficult to be read, even by those who were accustomed to mss. and often led the inattentive reader into mistakes. There was then no standard for orthography ; it was various, and often arbitrary, method being wholly disregarded. Their periods were distinguish- ed by no other points than the double and single one, i. e. the Colon and Full Stop ; just after the same man- ner in which the reading Psalms in our Common Prayer Books are all pointed ; all other punctuations being of much later invention. Abbreviations were so frequent with tire first printers, and in time be- came so numerous, and difficult to be understood, that a treatise was written on the art of reading a printed book ! They used no great letters to begin a sentence, or proper name of men or places. They left blanks for the places of titles, initial let- C O 25 iers, and other ornaments, in order to have them supplied by the illuminators, whose ingenious art, though in vogue before and at that time, yet did not long survive the masterly improvements made by the printers in this branch of their art. These orna- ments were exquisitely fine, and curiously variegated with the most beautiful colours, and even with gold and silver; the margins likewise were frequently charged with variety of figures of saints, birds, beasts, monsters, flowers, &c. which had some- times relation to the contents of the page, though mostly none at all. These embellishments were very costly ; but for those that could not afford a round price, there were others done after a more ordinary manner, and at much cheaper rates. The name of the printer, place, &c. were either wholly neglected, or put at the end of the book, not with- out some pious ejaculation or doxology. The date was likewise omitted, or involved in some crampt circumstantial period, or else printed either at full length, or by numerical letters, and sometimes partly one and partly the other, thus : One thousand CCCC and Sixty, Kc. but all of those at the end of the book. There was no variety of characters, no intermixture of Roman and Italic, which were of later invention; but their pages were continued in a Gothic letter, of the same size throughout. Their Rubricks, which were very frequent, and added no small beauty to the pages, were sometimes done by the same hands as the initial letters. Whenever they met with any Greek, they either S4 c o left a blank for it, to be afterwards filled up by writ- ing, if the passage was long ; or, if short, consisting only of three or four words, they got it cut on wood, though after such a rude and ill-shaped manner, that it required some pause to be read. The quotations of the places out of which they were taken, were yery often neglected, both in manuscripts and print- ed books ; which caused the curious no small trou- ble to find them out. They had seldom dedicatory or prefatory Epis- tles ; and when they began afterwards to retail them in their impressions, they generally placed them at the end of the work ; a piece of justice as much neg- lected, as wanting in our age. They collected no Table of Contents, no Index, nor Summary, (which are indubitably a great help to the reader) nor any JErratas at the end ; for what faults were in their editions, were rather owing to the manuscripts which they printed after, than to the carelessness of the printer. They printed but few copies at once, for two or three hundred were then esteemed a large impression ; though, upon the encouragements re- ceived from the learned, they increased their num- bers in proportion. They were not solicitous to obtain Privileges and Patents for the sole printing of any particular vo- lume; though, towards the latter end of Faust's times, everal of his servants set up printing-houses and were ambitious to excel their master. How soon after, those privileges began, appears from that granted by the emperor to John Schoejfcr, Faust's CO 25 grandson, . 1519, for the sole printing of Livy ; and to prohibit any other to reprint those books which had come from his press : and as this had been granted upon account of his being grandson of the inventor of the art, so several popes and princes gave like patents to then: printers, as a mark of their favour. Of the works which are printed upon Vellum, being formerly valuable chiefly for that peculiarity, and are therefore become very scarce, it may not be improper to make some observations upon them. It is, first, natural to enquire, why this method of printing was so frequent among the first printers. It is probable, that the disproportion of the price of vel- lum and paper was not then so great as at present, there being many proofs that, in the middle ages, paper was a very scarce commodity. Vellum was then in great use, because, as it was a laborious work to transcribe a book, it was rational to use last- ing materials, as we now do in writings, which are not to be printed ; though it is no longer necessary to observe the same caution, with regard to book.'. But, however frequently vellum was used, it does not appear that any impression was wholly confined to it, as some have thought, who have denied the genuineness of some books mentioned in Cataloguer, because they were printed on paper, when others of the same Edition were printed on vellum. There were in the Harleian Library Faust's Tully's Officer, both of 1465 and 1466, as well on paper as vellum ; tiie Catholicon of 1460 was of both kinds. I have D 26 G O yet, indeed, seen no copy upon paper of the Bible in 1462 ; but it is not improbable that, as the Bible was more used than other books, the paper copies might be worn out ; or that the others might be preserved on account of the vellum, by those who valued them for no other reason. After Faustus, no bocks seem to have been printed upon vellum, but for the sake of curiosity ; for, as paper became more necessary, the art of making it became more common, and it soon grew cheaper than vellum, of which the quan- tity might be said to be limited by nature, whereas paper may be increased without difficulty. Palmer. Concerning Classics it may be necessary farther to say, that this name is not, or should not, be given to any ancient authors, but to those alone who have written the best in their respective languages, the cultivation of which they have carried to their high- est degree of perfection, so that their labours serve for models to all those who apply themselves to the study of polite literature ; or as Aulus Gellius terms them, Scriptores prima notte, et prestantissimi. By Latin Classics, are understood those authors who have flourished in the time of the Roman Re- public, and those who lived in the reign of Augus- tus, or shortly after ; such as, Terence, Caesar, Corn. Nepos, Cicero, Sallust, Virgil, Horace, J*HiEDRUs, Titus Livius, Ovid, Valerius Maxi- mus, Velleius Paterculus, Quintus Curtius, Ju- venal, Martial, and Frqntinus. These are Latin Classics of the first order. To these may be added, Cornelius Tacitus, who flourished in the CO 21 second century ; also Pliny the Younger, FloRus, Suetonius, and Justin. It was in the second cen- tury, under the Antonini, that the beautiful Latinity of the republican and Augustin age, began to dege- nerate. Among the Greek Classics, Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Demosthenes, Isocrates, Aristotle, &c. hold thejirst rank. To these may be added, the Fables of JEsoj>, the Dialogues of Lucian, and most of the Fragments of Plutarch. Most nations have their Classic Authors, whose reputation, once established, serve for models to the numerous herd of imitators which come after. In dead languages, it is well to select the best authors, and establish them as standards of pure and elegant composition; for in such languages no further ex- cellence can be expected. But in those languages which continue to be vernacular, the case is widely different ; they may still be improved and polished, therefore no writer should be set up as a standard of insurpassable excellence. Why may not the Eng- lish, for instance, expect writers, which shall as far excel Addison, Steele, Johnson, Spencer, Shakespear, Milton, and Pope, as they have surpassed their pre- decessors ? Certainly the English language and the British genius, notwithstanding their almost unri- valled excellence, are still capable of greater per- fection. Our neighbours, the French, (between whom and us may there be an eternal peace !) our only rivals in D2 28 CO arts and arms, have denominated as Classics those writers who flourished in the reign of Lewis XIV. such as, Corneille, Despreaux, Pascal, Bossuet, Fc- tielon, Racine, Moliere, and Regnaud. To whom they add the following, in the 18th century; Or- billon, Voltaire, tire two Bousseaus, Dumarsais, Montesquieu, Buffon, Mably, Condillac, Barthe- iemy, &c. All these authors have contributed their quota to the polish and improvement of the French tongue ; and under their pens it has assumed a more elegant and vigorous form : but this language, like our own, is not only susceptible of, but requires fur- ther improvement. With the Classics of other countries I have at pre- sent nothing to do ; the above being only introduced en passant, merely for the sake of illustration. Colladini (Didaci) Dictionarium Lingua; Ja- ponicas : ejusdem Ars Grammatics Japonica? Lin- gua?, Roma?, 1632, 4to. Columbi (Realdi) Cremonensis de Re Anato- mica, libri xv. Venetiis, 1559, fol. cum fig. lib. rar. Columns (Fabii) Historia Plantarum, cui acce- dit Historia Piscium aliquot et Plantarum novarum, cum iconibus, Neapoli, 1592, 4to. cum fig. . Historia Stirpium minus cognitarum, nccnon Aquatilium Animalium Historia, Roma?, 1616, 3 vol. 4to. De Purpura, Roma?, 1616, 4to. The whole of this Collection is both scarce and dear, the first article especially, which was reprinted at Milan in 1744, but without lessening the value of the original Edition. CO 29 Columna (Fab.) de Purpura, cum annotatiom- bus Jo. Dan. Majoris, Killas, 1675, 4to. Fabius Columna, or Colonne, was born at Naples in 1567. On Natural History, he excelled all wri- ters previous to Sir Charles Linne. Poliphili Hypnerotomachia Opus, ubi humana omnia nonnisi Somnium esse docet ; authore Fran* cisco Columna. Ven. Aid. 1499, fol. Edit.princ. A rare and curious work. It was printed at Tre- visa, with the counterfeit date 1467, but this Edition is mutilated, and of little worth. Junius Moderatus Columella de Re Rustica, 8vo. Argentor. absque anni et typographi indicio. cum notis Pomponii, Pii t Beroaldiy et aliorum, 4to. Paris. 1543. 4to. Paris. Morellus, 1549. This au- thor is found also among the writers De Re Rustica. 4to. Francof. 1553. A rare Edition. apud Commelin, 8vo. 1596. 'This con- tains other writers on the same subject besides Co* lumella. The Edition, " Ursini, 8vo. Romas, 1587," re- ferred to by some bibliographers, does not contain the text of Columella, but only some observations on this writer, connected with other works. 4to. sine ulla nota. Audifredi sup- poses, from the character, that it was printed at Rome by Adam Rot. De Cultu Hortorum, libri xi. fol. sine ulla nota. Probably printed at Rome by Eucharius Silber. D3 30 CO Columella (J. M.J de Cultu Hort. fol. Par- ma?; sine typog. nomine, 1478. 4to. sine ulla nota ; with this title, De Cultura Horloram Carmen ; and at the end, Et sic tit finis per me Jacob urn de Breda. cum Julii PomponiiFortunati Comment, fol. absque ulla nota. a Jo. Bapt. Pio, fol. Bonon. 1520. For other Editions of this author, published with Cato, Varro, &c. see Cato, vol. 2. p. 146, Sec. Columella was born at Cadiz in Spain, and flou- rished under Claudius, about A. D. 42. His works are very valuable, not only on account of the style, which is formed on the model of the Augustan age, butalso'on account of the precepts it contains. Mr. Saboureux de la Bonnet rie has translated the piece De Be Bustica, to which he has subjoined curious notes, Paris, 1773, 2 vol. 8vo. This translation makes a part of the work entitled Economic Burale, 6 vol. 8vo. Coluthi De Baplu Helena Carmen, Gr. 8vo. Venet. Aid. absque anni indicio. Editio princeps. Connected with which is Quintus Calaber. a Theoph. Christ. Harks, Gr. 8vo. Norimb. 1776. a Sleph. Ubelo, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Fra- neq. 1600. a Joan. Dan. Lanness, Gr. et Lat Svo. Lcovard. 1747. Edit. opt. ab Ang. Mar. Bandinio, Gr. et Lat. Svo, Florent. 1765, C O 31 Coluthus aim Tryphiodoro, de Trojae eversionc, Gr. et Lat. 12mo. Crispin, sine anno. 4to. 2 vol. Lipsia?, 1577, with Nean- der, Phocylides, Theognis, &c. 11. lis. 6d. Coluthus was a Greek poet, born at Lycopolis, about the beginning of the 6th century. Of his works nothing remains but the Rape of Helen, the best part of which is the Judgment of Paris. The whole work is an indifferent composition ; the style is cold and feeble. Coluthus lived in an age in which the true poetic spirit had ceased to flourish, and his genius was insufficient to revive it, or to raise himself above his contemporaries. Sancti Colombani Opera, a Patricio Flemingo Hyberno, fol. Lovan. 1667. Opuscula, (among the Parasneticive te- res,) a Goldasto, 4to. Insula?, 1604. Ojxuscula, 8vo. Paris. 1619. Con- nected with Eugenii II. To/etani t Dracontii, et aliorum ojmscula. These works are found also in the Biblioiheca Pa- trum. St. Colomban was born in Ireland, about A. D. 560. Under the instructions of a pious old man, named Silen, who was one of the disciples of tl.e Scotch apostle St. Columba, in the monastery of Benchor, he became eminently pious and learned, and is said to have composed a book of psalms, and a number of moral poems, at a very early age. Jn order to separate himself entirely from the secular life, he went to Gaul, with twelve disciples. An old ruinous castle, in the neighbourhood of Vos- 32 CO ge?, was their first asylum. In 589 he built the mo- nastery of Luxeville, arid soon after another at Fon- taine. The king, Thierri II. exiled him to Besan- c,on, at the solicitation of his wicked queen Brune- Jiaut, who was offended at the pious exhortations of the holy man. He went afterwards to Italy, founded the monastery of Bobio, and died there in 61 5. The Abbe" Velliy in his History of Fronts, calumniates this good man in a violent manner : but he has been completely defended against the imputations of this writer by the learned Benedictines of St. Maur, in the Advertisement of the 1 2th volume of the Lite- rary History of France, p. 9. Comestoris (Petri Trecensis) Historia Scho- Jastica, fol. 1473, per Gunth. Zainer. Historia Scholastica. Basil, 1686, fol. This is a species of universal history, contain- ing the memorable events that have happened since the beginning of the world, ranged as a chronicle. The text is printed in two columns, accompanied by figures engraved on wood, which are sometimes co- loured ; and there are no folios, signatures, or other marks, to preserve the order of the sheets. Peter Comestor was a canon regular of Paris, and died in 1198. His history is little worth : he bur- dens his narrative with tedious dissertations, which are often stuffed with ridiculous fables. The fol- lowing curious Epitaph was made on him : Petrus eram, quern petra tegit dictusque Comestor, Nunc Comedor. Vivus docui, nee cesso docere Mortuus ; ut dicat, qui me videt in cineratum : Quod suraus iste fuit, eriraus quandoque quod hie est. CO 33 Comenii [Jo. Amos) Orbis visibilis in Latina, Ruthenica, Teutonica, Italica, et Gallica Linguis re- praesentatus, sive succincta introductio, qua declara- tur, qui tenera? juventuti facili methodo non linguas tantum rationali exercitatione, verum etiam res scitu raaxime necessarian instillari debeant, centum gut'n- guaginta et uno capitibus comprehensa, quorum quodlibet inscriptionis ac synopseos loco, dicto ac Sacra Scriptura desumpto instructum est; ac cum indice vocabulorum praecipuorum Rutbenico- rum, qui Dktionarioli usibus juventatis Ruthenicae inservituri, vices in quinque linguis implere potest, edit. Mosquas, 1768, 8vo. lib. rar. The title-page is printed on a whole 8vo. sheet, in long lines, across the two pages, on which the title is given in each of the five languages. Janua Linguarum reserata, 8vo. Les- niae, 1631. Often republished The Edition of 1661, 8vo. is in five languages. This work has not only been printed in twelve European languages, but also in Arabic, Persian, Moguls, and Turkish. Orbis pictus, by Hoole, Svo. (with first impression of the plates,) 1689, 4s. The author was a protestant divine, born at Mo- ravia in 1592, and died in 1671, aged 80 years. He was a very eminent grammarian, and attempted se- veral improvements in the mode of educating youth ; which however did not succeed well. The most use- ful Edition of his woik in five languages, is that printed at Moscow, noticed above. guinqaaginta veterum Comicorum Gracorum 34 CO Scntentite, a Valentino Hertelio, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Basil. 1560. Ex veterum Co mi cor um Fabulis, quae integras non extant, Sententite, GrteCts, et Latino:, 8vo. Pa- rish's, 1553. Comicorum Gralcorum Sententioe, Gr. et Lat. 18mo. apud Hen. Steph. 1569. In this curious little book there is a pleasant story of a Greek courtezan, that was kept successively by a variety of gentlemen of different professions. Anna Cmnen.e Alexias, sive de Rebus ab Alexio Imperatore gestis, a P. Possum, fol. Paris. eTyp. Reg. 1651. See Ann. e, vol. hp. 68. .. Creek Commentators on Homer, . Eustathii Comment, in Homerum, Gr. fol. Rom. Bladus, 1542 50, 4 vol. first and best Edition; sold at Dr. Askew's sale for 12l. Eustathius has collected all the ancient commentators on Homer, out of which he has formed one select Commentary, to which he has added his own learned and judicious reflections. The author was archbishop of Thessa- lonica, under Emanuel Comnenus, about A. D. 1 ISO. Gr. fol. Basil. Froben. 155960, 3 vol. in Iliadem, ab Alex. Polito, Gr. et Lat. fol. Florent. 1730 35, 3 vol. Politi undertook the re-impression of the whole of Eustathius's work, but it has not been completed ; that only on the five first books of the Iliad has been printed. de Dialectis qua? apud Homerum repe- riuntur, Gr. etLat. fol. Yen. 1525*. C O 35 Didymi Scholia in Homeri Iliadem et Odysseam, Gr. 8vo. Ven. Aid. 1521 28, 2 vol. et 8vo. Ar- gent. 1539, 2 vol. In this second Edition, which is more correct than the other, the name of Didymus is not mentioned in the title. Didymus lived under Augustus, about 30 years before the Christian oera. Scholia in Odysseam, Gr. 8vo. Par. 1530. Interpretis Vetusti Scholia in Iliadem, Gr. fol. Roma?, 1517. Gr. Svo. Argentor. 1539, 2 vol. Porphyrii Homericas Quaestiones, et de Antro Nympharum, Gr. 4to. Roma?, 1518. This Edition was executed in Gymnasia Mediceo. Porphyry flourished under Dioclesian, about 290 years after Christ. i Gr. 8vo. Ven. Aid. 1521, et Argent 1539. de Antro Nympharum, a R. M. van Go- ens, Gr. et Lat. 4to. Traj. 1765. Edit. opt. Porphyry's Scholia on the 22d book of the Ilias are found in the Virgilius Collationc Scriplorum Grsecorum, illustratus a Fulv. Ursino t curante L. C. Falclcenario, 8vo. Leovavd. 1747. Scholia Vetusta et Erudita, in 9 librum Iliados, a Conr. Horned Gr. 8vo. Helmstad. 1620, Incerti Scriptoris Fabulce aliquot Homericas de Ulixis Erroribus Ethicae explicate, a Jo,. Columbo, Gr. et Lat. Svo. Hoimias, 1678, et Svo. Lugd. Bat. 1745. Anonymi Scholia Gra?ca in Homeri Iliados librum primum, ab Ant. Botigiovannio, Gr. 4to. Ven. 1740. Manudis Moschopuli Scholia ad Homeri Iliados 3* C O librum I. et II. cum notis Joan. Scherpezeclii, et comment. Joach. Camerarii, Svo. Amst. 1702, ct Traject. ad Rhen. 1719. This is the same edition, with only a few changed leaves at the beginning and end. This author, who is different from the gram~ marian of the same name, lived under Emanuel Pa- lsologus, about A. D. 1400. Apollonii Sophishe Lexicon Iliadis et Odyssea?, a Joan. BapL Casp. d'Ansse de Villoison, Gr. et Lat. 4to. Paris. 1773, 2 vols. Some copies have been taken off on folio paper. ab Henr, Tollio, Gr. et Lat, Svo. L. Bat. 1 789. Apollonius Sophista was contemporary with Cicero, and flourished about 60 years before the Christian a?ra. Wolfgangi Seberi Index Homericus, Gra?c. 4to. Comroel. 1 604 .A very excellent and valuable work ; reprinted at Florence in 1735, fol. and in one large volume, 8vo. at Oxford in 1 774, to which an appen- dix has been added. Commentators on ^Eschylus. Scholia Graca in ^schylum, a Francisco liobor- tello Utinensi, Gr. 8vo. Venet. Valgrisius, 1552. Commentators on Sophocles. Scholia Graeca in Sophoclem, Gra?c. 4to. Roma?, in Gymnasio Mediceo, 1518. A good edition. Commentators on Euripides. Scholia Grxca, in EuripidisTragcedias, ahArsen. Archiep. Monembasue, Gr. 8vo. Ven. Junta, 1531, . Gr. Svo. Basil. 1541. C O 3T Commentators on Demosthenes. Ulpiani in Olynthiacas Philippicasque cum Har- pocrationis Lexico, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1503. Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1527. The commen- taries of Ulpian are found in the magnificent edition of Demosthenes printed at Basil in 1522, fol. Comment on Apollonius Rhodius. Interpretatio antiqua ac perutilis in Apollonil Rhodii Argonautica, Gr. 8 vo. Paris. 154-1. Liber rarissimits. Commentators on Plato. Prodi in Platonis Timasum et libros de Republics Commentarii, Gr. fol. Basil. 1534. i in Platonis Theologiam, ab JEm. Porto. . Gr. et Lat. Hamb. 1618. Titnari Sophista Lexicon Vocum Platonicarum, a Davide fiuhnkeyiio, Gr. 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1754. Commentators on Aristotle. Alexandri Aphrodisiensis inpriora Analytica Aris- totelis Commentavia, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1520, et 4to. Florent. 1521. In the Aldine edition of Aristo- tle, of 1497, and 1504, are found the problems of a peripatetic philosopher who lived in the time of Sep- timus Severus. in Sophisticos Aristotelis Commenta- ria, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1520, et 4to. Florent. 1521. In Topica Aristotelis Commentaria Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1513. in Quzestiones de anima Commentaria, Gv. fol. Ven. Aid. 1536. Liber de Fato, et Ammonii Hermea in Aristote- E 33 CO lem de Interpretatione Commentaria, Grasc. et Lat. 8vo. Lond. 1658. Anonymi in Artem Rhetoricam Aristotelis Com- mentarius, Gr. fol. Paris. 1539. Ammonii Hermes et Magentini in libros Aristo- telis de Interpretatione Commentaria, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1503. Starce Edition. Ammonius lived un- der Zeno Isauricus about A. D. 490. In Librum Aristotelis de Interpretati- one Commcntarius, Graec. 8vo. Ven. 1545, et 8vo. Ven. Aid. 1546. In Praedicamenta Aristotelis Commen- tarius, et Aristotelis Vita, Graec. 8vo. Venet. Aid. 1546. In Porphyrium Commentarius, Graec. Svo, Ven. Aid. 1545. In Voces Porphyrii Commentarius, Gr. Svo. Ven. Aid. 1546. Eicstratii, et aliorum Commentaria in Aristotelem de Moribus, Gr. fol. Venet. Aid. 1536. Eustratius flourished under the Emperor Maurice, about A. D. 590. Olympiodori in Meteora Aristotelis Commentaria, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1550. Idem Opus cum Jo. Philoponi Scho- liis in primum Meteorum Aristotelis, Gr. et Lat. 3 Jo. Bapt. Camotioy fol. Ven. Aid. 1551, 2 vols. Olympiodorus flourished under Justinian II. about; 516 years after Christ. Johannis Philoponi in primos quatuor libros Aris- totelis de Naturali Auscultatione Commentaria, Gr. fdL Venet. 1535. Philoponius Was a grammarian, and one of the scholars of Ammonius aforesaid. Jo. PMoponiWta. Aristotelis, Gr. foi Yen. Aid. 1498, I n the third Volume of his works. a Jo. Nunnesio, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. L. Bat. 1621. in lrbros de Generatione et Interitu; Alexander Aphrodisiensis in Metereologica j Idemde Mixtione, Gr.fol. Ven. Aid. 1527. in Aristotelem de Generatione Aniraa- lium Commentaria, Gr. fol. Ven. 1526. in Priora Analytica Aristotelis Commen- taria, Magentini Commentaria in eadem, Gra?c. fol. Ven. 1536. in Posteriora Resolutoria Aristotelis Commentaria, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1504. < eadem, cum incerto auctore, et Eustratio, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1534. in Aristotelem de Anima Commentaria, Gr. fol. Ven. 15^5. This Philosopher wrote a work, contra Proclum de Mundi afernitate, Grsec. fol* Ven. 1535, and a treatise de Mundi creatione, Gr. etLat. 4to. Vien. 1630. Porphyrii in Aristotelis Categorias Expositio, Gr. 4to. Paris. 1543. Porphyry was a disciple of Ploti- nus and Longinus. Isagogse de quinque Vocibus, seu Praedi- cabilibus, cum nonnullis Aristotelis Libris Logicis, Gr. 4to. Lovan. 1523. ~ Gr. 4to. Flor. junta, 1521. - Gr. 4to. Paris. Wechel. 15 33. E2 4 * c o Simplkii Commentaria in Aristotelis Categorias, Gr. fol. Ven. Aalliergius, 1499. Lib. rariss. Sim- plicius flourished under Justinian I. about A, D. 530. Gr. fol. Basil. 1551. Commentaria in Aristotelis libros de Ani- ma, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1527. Commentaria in Aristotelis Libros de Ccelo, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1527. Commentaria in Aristotelis Libros Phy- sics, Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1526. The Commentaries of Peter Vet tori on the Poetics of Aristotle, printed at Florence in 1560, fol. and that on Demetrius Phalerius, Florent. 1562, fol. are both in Latin, and the work of a modern author, and therefore omitted in this class. Aristotelis et Platonis Grzecorum Interpre- tuin breres Conspectus, a Ph. Labbe, Gr. et Lat. 4to. Paris. 1657, It contains besides, the Scholiasts on both these authors. Commentary on Nicander. Scholia in Nicandri Theriaca, Gr. 4to. Venet. Aid. 1523. Commelini (Casparis) Plantae rariores et exo- tica?, asri incisa?. Lugd. Bat. 1715, 4to. Pradudia Botanica, Lugd. Bat. 1703, seu 1715, 4to. cum fig. Johannis, Horti Medici Amsteloda- mensis, rariorum tam orientalis quam occidentalis Indie aliarumque perigrinarum descriptio et Icones a Fred. Ruyskio et Franc. Kiggelario. Amst. Blaeu et Someren, 1697 et 1701, 2 vol. fol. CO 41 Commodiani Afri Liber adversos Paganos, a Nzc. Rigaltio, 8vo. Tulli Leucorum, S. Belgrand, et J. Laurentius, Typogr. Regii, 1650. Edit, princeps. cum Notis Rigaltiiy H. Dodwelli Dis- sertatione, et Praefatione //. L. Sehurtzfleischii, 4to. Witteberga?, 1705. Edit. opt. By this Editor a Sup- plement of Notes was published at the same place, in 1709, 4to. Mr. Davis republished this work of Commcdia- nus at the end of his Edition of Minutius Felix, Cant. 1712, 8vo. Commodianus Afer, called also Gazaus, lived about the end of the 3d, or beginning of the 4th century. His work is composed in a sort of verse, destitute of measure and cadence. Each line, how- ever, comprises a complete sense, and begins acros- tically. He termed himself Christ's Beggar, and preached poverty in an appropriate style. The work evinces little else than his piety. Novum Jesu Christi Testamentum, ^thiopica Lingua conscriptum, cum Concordantiis Evangelis- tarum et Easebii necnon Missali et Benedictione Cora?. Studio et Opera Petri Comos vEthiopis fn lu- cem editum, Roma;, 1543, 4to. A copy on vellum sold at M. Gaignat's sale for 112 livres. . Catechismus Judeorum, Heb. et Lat. interprete Lud. de Compeigne de Veil, Lond. 1679, Svo. Concilia. See Collections of these, vol. B, p. I, See. Conciones Excerpts. See vol. 2. p. 293. E 3 43 e o Concordances to the Scriptures. Conradi Kircheri Concord antije Graeca? Ver- slonis LXX. Inierpretum. Francofurti, 1 602, 2 vol. 4to. This is a very laborious work, and- considered as a first essay, has considerable merit. Its greatest defect is, that instead-of following the order of the- Greek alphabet, the author has. followed that of the Hebrew, placing the Greek word to which it corre- sponds in the Scptuagint after it. The author was 4 Lutheran divine of Augsburg. Abrahami Trommii Concordantle Graeca? Ver-. sionis vulgo dictae LXX. Interpretum, cujus voces secundum ordinem clementorumsermonisGraeci di- gests recensentur, contra atque in opere Kirchcriano factum fuerat. Leguntur hie praterca voces Gracae pro Hebraicis redditae ab antiquis omnibus veteris Testamenti Interpretibus, quorum nonnisi fragmenta extant, Aquila^ Si/mmac/io, Theodotione, et aliis. Amstel. et Traject. ad Rhen. 1718, 2 vol.fol. This is an elaborate and invaluable work. The order of the Greek alphabet is here followed. The Greek word is first given, to which are subjoined its dif- ferent acceptations in Latin. Then follow the dif- ferent Hebrew words, which are explained by this Greek word in the Septuagint version. These dif_ ferent Hebrew words are arranged under the Greek in their alphabetical order, and the places of scrip- ture where they occur, according to the> order of the books in our common Bibles. If the word in ques- tion occurs in any of the ancient Greek Interpreters, Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion, &c. the places co i where it is found are referred to at the conclusion of the quotations from the Scriptures : and immediately after these, all the places in the Apocrypha where the Greek word occurs are specified. At the end of the 2d volume there are the follow-^ ing useful Indexes : 1 . Index Hebrceus et Chaldasus, quo recensentui? omnes omnino voces turn Hebraese turn Chaldaea? quae in pracedente Concordantiaruni Graecaruni opere reperiuntur: By looking into which the Greek word, by which the Septuagint have trans- lated the Hebrew or Chaldee term, is immediately seen, with its explanation in Latin, and the place where it is found in the body of the work. 2. Duplex Additamentum ad praeeedentes Con- cordantias Gra?cas, quorum Prim continet Lexicon. Graecum ad Hexa.pl a Origenis; comprehendens plurrmas voces Graecas, e residuis fragmentis varia- rum Interpretationum veteris Testamenti, nempe AyaUa, Symmachi, T/icodotionis, aliorumque, col- lectas et in ordinem alphabeticum redactas a Domino Bernardo de Montefaucon. Posttrius, D. Lamberli Bos succinctam Colla- tionem duarum Editionum Francofurtensis et Va- ticanse. yJbram Trornm, the author of this invaluable work, was a protestant divine, born at Groningen in 1633. He finished the work in 1717, in the 34th year of his age, and died two years afterwards in his native city. The work is elegantly printed : the Greek types' 44 C O are very fine, and the Hebrew (to which the points are always added) beautiful. It sells commonly for about ll. is Some copies were taken off on large fine paper, which are uncommonly splendid. They are very scarce, and sell for two or three guineas. ConcordantijE Greece Bibliorum utri usque Tes- tamenti Oliva, R.Steph. 1555, fol. 5s. CoNCORDANTiiE Grace Nov. Testamenti. Basil. 1546, fol. 4s. * a Hen. Slephano, Geneva?, 1599, fol. republished in 162 K A work so bunglingly executed, that some critics suppose Henry Stephens was not the editor of it, and that he only lent his name to the work for pecuniary considerations. . Schmidii Concord antle Graec. Nov. Testamenti Leips. 1717, fol. ll. Is. This is a most useful and excellent work ; and is as far superior to that of Ste- pJicns, as Tromnis work is to the Concordance of Kircher. Calasio (Marii de) Concordanti.e Biblior. He- braic, et Lit. See vol. 2. p. 1 13. Buxtorjii Concordanti^e Biblior. Hebr. et Chal. See vol. 2. p. S6. Christiani Noldii Concordanti^ Partxularum Ebra?o-Chaldaicarum in quibus partium indeclinabi- litim quae occurrunt in Fontibus, et hactenus non ex- positae sunt in Lexicis aut Concordantiis, natura et sensuum varictas ostenditur. Digcruntur ea me- thodi ut Lexici ct Concordantiarum loco simul esse possint. Accommodantur hue etiam particular Grae~ c* Annotations et Vindicia?JoH. Gottfr. Tym- C O 45 Pius, summa cura recensuit et Annotationes quibus formalis parura vocum signilicatio secundum Prin- cipia B. Danzii exponitur atque illustratur, necnon emendationes in nonnulla vindiciarum loca, ut et in- dices novos adjecit, suis locis inseruit Concordantias Pronominum superatorum Ebraicorum et Chaldai- corum nunc primum congestas a M. Sim. Bened. Tympio, V. D. M. Denique Appendicis loco sub- junxit Lexica Particularum EbraicarumJoH. Micha- elis et Christ. Koerberi, 4to. Jenae, 1734. Edit, opt. 15s. The first Edition was published in 1650. The Particles of all languages are not only of great importance, but are very difficult to be fully understood. This may be- applied in a very peculiar manner to the Particles in the Hebrew language, which were very imperfectly understood, even by the best critics, before the appearance of this work of Noldias ; and so complete is this Concordance, that it has scarcely left any thing on the subject un- finished, and is of the greatest importance to every biblical student and critic. The author, Christian Noldius, was born at Hoybia in Scania, in Denmark, A. D. 1626, and was rector of the college of Landscroon, which office he filled up for four years. He afterwards travelled into Germany, Holland, England, and France. In 1664 he became minister and pro- fessor of theology in Copenhagen, where he died, Aug. 22, 1683, aged 57 years. He was one of the first who maintained, that Devils can perform no rai- racle, either to introduce er authorize any species of vice. 46 C O Concordantije Sacrorum Bibliorum Vulga'tae Editionis ad reeognitionem jussu Sixti V. Pont. Max. fcdidit Franc. Lucca, fol. Col. 1683, fol. 15s. - - Bib. Sacror. finely printed, 2 vol. fol. 21. 2s. Aven. 1786. . Tossani Concord anti a Bib. La't. junii et Tre- mellii, etTheod. Beza?, fol. 1639, fol. 5s. For other Concordances see the article Cala- sib, vol. 2. p. 113. Confucius Sinarum Philosophus, sive Scientia Sinensis Latine exposita, studio et opera Prospers Intorcctta, Christ iani Herdtrich> Fra?icis Rouge- \nont, et Philippi Couplet, Patrum Societatis Jesu. Jussu Ludovici Maghi. Parish's, 1687, fol. This is ian extremely curious work, and full of profound erudition. It contains besides Tabula Chronolo- gica Monarchic Sinicse juxtaCyclos annorum lx. ab anno ante Christum 2952 ad an. post Christum" 1683. Also Tabula Chronologica, ab anno post Christum primo, usque ad 1683. These two last tracts, which are accompanied with a very neat map of the IS provinces and 155 capital cities of the Chinese empire, are all by Father Couplet. Lately in M. Cuthell's catalogue for 15s. Confucius, or more properly Con-fu-tsu, was born at Chanping in China, about 550 years before the Christian aera. From every account we have of this wonderful man, we learn that he was a person of extraordinary genius, learning, and piety. He is said to have had upwards of 3000 scholars. He laboured to correct the errors and vices of his coun CO 47 tryraen, but in vain ; indeed he became the innocent cause of increasing their corruption ; for being one day complimented on the excellency of his philoso- phy, he said, " I fall very far short of the perfect degree of virtue, but the Most Holy is to be found in the west." This made a lasting impression on the minds of the learned, so that the emperor Mon-ti sent ambassadors in A. D. 65. towards the west, to seek tills holy person. They returned, and brought with them some images of Fo-hi, and thus introdu- ced a superstition, which in several places abolished the pure maxims of Con-fu-tsu. The following maxim attributed to this great man is worthy of serious attention : " Never speak of yourself to others. If you speak good, they will not believe you ; and you need not speak evil, for of that they believe much more than you wish." Confucius is the same among the Chinese as Moses was among the Jews, Socrates among the Greeks, Christ among the Chris- tians, and Mohammed among the Turks. He seems to have been one of the prophets of the heathen world, and to have had much commerce with the true (though to him unknown) God. An inspired writer says, " Every good and perfect gift is from the Father of lights." James i. 17. Confucius had several, and became through them a great man ; and it should be a maxim with more than Cicero, M Nemo xnr magnus sine aliquo ajjlatu divino unquam fuit." De Nat. Deor. Repertorium Vocabulorum exquisitorum Orato- rio?, poeseos ct historiarum, 6cc. editum a doctissimo 48 C O literaruma matore Magistro Conrado, Turicensis Ecclesia? Cantore, circa an. 1472 : fol. Goth. Consilia Jasonis Magni, 2 vol. fol. Lugd. 1534. This celebrated lawyer was born 1435, and died 1519. His knowledge was the effect of his neces- sities, for, having wasted his fortune in extravagance, he fell to study for support, and in a short time excited the wonder of all his contemporaries by his proficiency. His epitaph is too short to be omitted : Jason Maximus Jurisconsultus, eques et co?nes, quisquis ilk fuerit hie requiescit. These volumes were prepared for the press, partly by the author, and partly by Octavianus Lund us, his sister's son. They are printed Uteris quadratis, in two columns. Roberti Constantivi Lexicon Gra?co-Latinum ; hac secunda Editione, partim ipsius authoris, partim Franeisei Porti, et aliorum additionibus-plurimum auctum et magna cum diligentia recognitum. Fdit. opt. Geneva?, 1592, fol. 31. 13s. 6d. The first Edi- tion, which is of small value, was published in 1562. There are some copies which bear the date Gen. 1607, and Lugd. 1637; but these are all of the Edition of 1592, the title-page only being changed. Robert Const antine was a physician, born at Caen in 1502, and died, according to Thuanus, (the Pre- sident de Thou) in 1605, aged 103 years, having re- tained the faculties both of body and mind to the last. He and Henri/ Stephens wrote their Lexicons nearly about the same time. Stephens arranged the Greek words under their roots ; and Constantine arranged them in alphabetical order. This arrange- C O 49 ment has caused Constantine's Lexicon to be pre- ferred to that of Stephens, to which in many other re- spects it is greatly inferior. Busbey called Budaeus, Constantine, and Stephens, " the Triumviri of the Greek Tongue." Evangelium Medici, seu Medicina Mystica de Suspensis Naturae Legibus, &c. a Bernardo Con- nor, Lond. 1697, 8vo. Amstelod. 1699, 8vo. This bold writer endeavours to prove, that the miraculous cures in the Gospel were effected by natural means. He has not, however, succeeded. Bernard Connor, or O Connor, was an Irishman. He visited the con- tinent in the 20th year of his age, and became tutor to the children of the high chancellor of the king of Poland ; afterwards physician to his Polish ma- jesty, and next to the electress of Bavaria. After some time he came back to England, became a mem- ber of the Royal Society, and abjured the errors of popery. The Catholic writers assure us that he died a papist, and that a priest gave him absolution, and administered extreme unction to him the day before he died. On this point the protestants need not dispute ; Bern. O Connor was no great credit to the Christian religion. The book mentioned above is both scarce and curious. Constantini Afrkani Opera, 2 vol. fol. Basil. 1536, ll. is. Od. Some extracts from this author were published by Rivinus with Theod. Priscianus and others, Lips. 1654, 8vo. Constantine was ori- ginally of Carthage, from which he had the surname sifricanus. He was a member of the college of F 50 r C Q Salernum, and one of the most voluminous medical compilers of his day. He flourished about A. D. "1070, and was the first who brought the Greek, and Arabic medical writers into notice in Italy. Constant ini Manassis Breviarium Historicura, <7i\ et Lat. Par. 1655, fol. See Byzantine Writers, vol. 2. p. 90. Aj De Aristandri et Callistese Amoribus. In the Anecdota Graca, by Filloison, Venet. 178 1 . Constdntine Manasses flourished in 1 1 50, under the emperor Emanuel Comnenus. His Breviarium, which is a sort of Chronicle from Adam to Alexis Comnenus, he wrote in Greek verse, barbarous enough, and full of the most stupid credulity. Constantini Porphyrogcnneti de Cceremoniis Aula? Byzantinas, Gr. et Lat. fol. a Beiske, Lips. 1751, 2 vol. This author was son of Leo the JVise, was born at Constantinople in 905, and became emperor under the guardianship of his mother Zoe, when only se- ven years of age. He applied himself to literature, and neglected the concerns of his empire, which were left solely to the management of Helena his 'wife. He reigned 48 years, and was at last poisoned by his son, who was impatient to be detained from that throne, on which his father had sat so long. He is author of several other works, the chief of which are the following: 1. Jmperium Orientale, published by Banduri, Paris. 1711, 2 vols. fol. et Lips. 1754, fol. A very C O 51 important work iii what concerns the geography of the middle age. 2. De Re Rustica, Cantabr. 1704, avo. 3. Excerpta ex Polybio, Diodoro Siculo, &c. Pa- risiis, 1634, 4to. 4. Excerpta de Legatis, Gra?c et Lat. 1648, fol. See Byzantine Writers. Constantini Lascaris Grammatica, Graec. 4to. Mediol. 1476. Very scarce and curious; the/w* book printed in Greek characters. Sold at Dr. As- kew's sale for 2l. 10s. a Bono Accursio Pisano, Graec. et Lat. 4to. Mediol. 1480. A very rare Edition. ^H Gr. et Lat. 4to. Vincent. 1489. 1 -^-r Graec. et Lat. 4to. Venet. Aldus, 1494 _^Xhis was the first book printed by Aldus tQ which he put a date. Gr. et Lat. 4to. Ven. Aid. absque ulla nota. This Edition is supposed to be prior to that of the same printer in 1 5 1 2. It contains beside?, the Tablatureof Cebes, and the golden verses of Py- thagoras and Phocylides. It sells for 2\. 1 2s 6d. a Jo. Maria Tricalio, Gr. et Lat. 4to. Ferrariae, 1510. An excellent Edition. - ' . . Gr. et Lat. 4to. Venet. Aid. 1512. This contains also the Tract De Idiomatibas Lin- guarum y of Joan. Grammaticus, Eustatius, and Co- rinthius. " Gr. et Lat. 4to. Venet. Fairaus, 1542. F2 52 C O Constantini Lascaris, Grasc. et Lat. 4to. Paris. JVechel. 1543. Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Basil. 1547. A good Edition. Opera Grammatica et alia Opus- cula, Gr. et Lat. 8vd. Venet. Aid. 1557, 12s. Constantine Lascaris was a native of Constanti- nople, from which he fled in 1453, when it was con- quered by the Turks. He came into Italy, and taught the belles lettres successively at Milan, Naples, and Messina. From his school Cardinal Bembo and other illustrious men proceeded. He left his library to the senate of Messina, which had in 1465 ho- noured him with the right of citizenship. His Greek grammar is deservedly esteemed. It is more clear, methodic, ample, and useful, than that of Theodore Gaza. Copa et Moretus. See Virgil. Ambrosii Corani Oratio de Conceptione S. Ma rke Virginis, 4to. Printed about 1 472. Corinna. See vol. 2. pp. 289 et 290. Corinthius. See under Constantine Las- caris. Remedium contra Concubinas et Conjuges, per. modum libri Matheoli a Petro de Corboho, Arche- diacono Senonensi, et ejus Socios compilatum feli- citer. Absque nota Editionis literis Gothicis, 4to. > This tract is commonly preceded by another, inti- tled Invectiva Cactus Feminei; which is followed by a third, De Arte Stigmatizandi. All three sold at C Q 53 the Duke de la Valliere's sale, in H84, for 60 livres 19 sous. S. Dionysii Areopagitae Opera, Gr. et Lat. cum Annotationibus Balthazari Corderii, 2 vol. foL 1634. Catena Graecorum Patrum in Psalmos, Antver. 1643, 3 vol. fol. Job elucidatus, 1644, fol. Catena in Lucam, 1628, fol. Catena in Johannem, 1630, fol. Balth. CorderiuSy a Jesuit of Antwerp, was a good Greek scholar, professed theology at Vienna, and died at Rome in 1650, aged 58 years. Mathurini Corderii Colloquia Scholastica, iv. libri, 8vo. et 12mo. This work has been much used in schools for the instruction of youth in the Latin tongue. It is the first book put into the hands of children after having gone through the Latin Grammar. It has gone through a vast number of editions ; but is now less used than formerly. 2u. Has any thing, better calculated to answer the end, been put in its place? The author, Mathurin Cor- dier, was born in Normandy about A. D. 1480, and died in 1565. He was a learned and pious man, of the Calvinistic persuasion. He also published Cato's Distichs, with a French translation. Corinnus, a Greek heroic poet, according to Suidas more ancient than Homer. He is said to have been the disciple of Palamedes, and to have written a poem on the Siege of Troy, and one on the war oiDardanus with the Faphlagonians It Is F3 54 GO said that Homer profited much by this work, which the author wrote in the Doric letters invented by Pa- lamedes. if this account be true, it casts some light oh the Iliad ; for it cannot be supposed that so finished a poem was the first essay of this kind. It is on account of this circumstance that his name is in- troduced here. See the article Ko^mo? in Suidas. Corippus ( Cresconius Flavins J DeLaudibusJus- tini Augusti Minoris, libri iv. ac Carmen panegyri- cum in laudem Anastasii Questoris et Magistri, a Mich. Ruizio Assagrio, 8vo. Plant. Antverp. 1581. Edit. prin. Very incorrect. a Thoma Dempstero, 8vo. Par. 1610. " ' ab Andrea Rhino, Svo. Lips. 1653, et 1655. ' a Nicholao Ritlerhuisio, Svo. Altorf. 1743. A better Edition than the preceding. Scarce. < a P. F. F. (Petro Francisco Foginio) cum Notis Variorum, 4to. Rom. 1777. An excel- lent Edition, which deserves a distinct place among the authors cum Not. Varior. From the same learned Editor there is some room to expect two other works ; the Bellum Lyricum, libri 8. and Bella Syrtica, of the same poet, which are very interest- ing, not only in respect of the style, but because they are the two last efforts of the falling Roman muse. Cresconius Corippus was an African ; a gram- marian, historian, and poet. He flourished under the emperor Justin the younger, about A. D. 570. He roust not be confounded with another Crts* C O 55 conius, who lived about A. D. 690, and from whom we have the following work : Concordia Cano?ium, a Petro Pithcco, fol. Paris. 15SS, which was afterwards inserted in the Col lectio Juris Canonic, and lately reprinted at Rome, fol. 1777, a Petro Foginio, in the Appendix Historic Byzantina^ &c. Antonii Cornellii, exactissima infantium in Limbo clausorum Querela adversus divinum Judi- cium apud asquum Judicem proposita; Apologia divini judicii contra Querelam infantium ; Infantium ad Apologiam divini Judicii Responsio. iEqui judi- ciis super hac re sententia. Lutetia apud Christ. Wechel. 1531, 4 to. Liber impius, sed admodum rarus. Vogt. Anthony Cornellius, the author of this tract, was a lawyer, in Auvergne, about the beginning of the 16th century. When his work made its first ap- pearance, it was decried as a monster of atheism, and was so completely suppressed, that scarcely a copy of it is to be found, even in the most curious and select libraries. Several think the work was designed to sap the foundation of religion ; but it is very likely the author only designed to ridicule and expose the absurd and horrible doctrine of infant damnation^ so repugnant to the nature of God and the gospel of his Son. The book contains about 70 pages. Antonii Cornazani, Poemata varia de Vita Christi, et de Creatione Hominis ; partim Italice partim Latine conscripta, 1472, 4to. Lib. rariss. 56 C O Cornelius Nepos, under the Name of iEmilius Probus. jJtmilii Probi Vitas excellentium Imperatorum, fol. Ven. Jcnsoti, 1471. The first Edition with a. date. 111. lis. fol, . sine ulla nota : doubtless of the 15th century. a Petro Cornerio, 4to. Mediolani, sine anno. An Edition of the 15th century. . Venet. fol. 1473. . Parma?, fol. 1480. Venet. fol. per Bernardinum Fenetum t sine anno, circa 1490. fol. Brixia?, 1498. 8vo. Fani, Soncinus 1504 : united to Aurelius Victor. 4to. Argentor. ex ^dibus Schureria- nis, 1506. Cornelius Nepos (qui contra fidem veteris in- scriptionis Plinius aut Suetonius appellatur) cum Ma- chanei Comment, disserenlibusiigurisinsignitus, 4to. (Mediolani, 1502?) De Viris illustribus Urbis Roma?, ex re- censione C. Catelliani Cotta. Mediol. 1505, 4to. The author of this work wasSextas Aurelius Victory and not Cornelius Nepos. De excellentibus Imperatoribus. Me- diol. 1511, 4to. attributed to iEmilius Probus. Taurini Nicolai de Benedictis, 1515, 4to. . per Machaneum Expositum, Lipsise, apud Valent. Schumann, 1521, 4 to, C O 57 Vita;, &c. Parisiis, NuhoL de Pratis, 1521, fol. a Gyberlo Longolio, 8vo. Colon. Gym- nicus, 1543. 8vo. Paris. Hen. Steph. 1 560. a Dionysio Lambino, 4to. Par. 1569. a Joan. Loccenio, 8vo. Holmice, Janso- nius. An incorrect Edition, but valuable on account of the interesting philological and political notes. fol. Francof. 16081609, 2 vol. An excellent Edition. 18 s. cum Notis Varior. a Hob. Keuchenio, 8vo. Lug. Bat. 1658, 1667, 1675, 1687, 1107, (Amst. 1708,) 1728. The Edition of 1675 is the most cor- rect, and represents the heads of the generals, excel- lently engraved. 5s. 24mo. Salmuri, Ernon. 1673. . > 12mo. Oxon. 1675, 1687. a Nic. Courtino, in usum Delphini, 4to. Par. 1675. Reprinted in 1726. a Joan. And. Bosio, 8vo. Jenae, 1675. ab August ino Buchnero, 8vo. Lips. 1688. A good Edition. ab Herm. Jsse?iio, 8vo. Traj. ad Rhen; 1691. a Christ. Cellario, 12mo. 1694. Of- ten reprinted since, and the most generally received in schools. . 8vo. Oxon. 1697, 1708. The first of these two Editions is by far the most valuable. It is a very correct book, and the heads are well en- graved. 2s. 6d. 5fc C O Vitae, &c. a Jo. And. Bosio, l6mo. Amst. 1704. a Davidc IJoog.stratano, l 2mo. Amst. 1706. cum Notis Ernesti, 8vo. Lips. 1707. ' a. Mich. Maitlaire, 12mo. Lond. 1115, Is. 6d. cum Not. Var. 8vo. Rhotomagi, Nic. Alemannus, 1718. 8vo. Patav. Cbmmus, 1720, 172-1, 1727, 1755. cum Comment. Aug. Biuhneri, cura Stubellio, Dresd. 1721. cum Not. Var. ab August, van Stover en. cum subjectis Styli Corneliani, a Weg- nero, 8vo. Lauba?, 1731. 8vo. Lugd. Bat. Luchtmans, 1 734. ex Edit. Ilerm. EssenH ab Hen. JVes- terhovio, 8vo. Amst. 1737, 1746. 1 cum Notts et Phrasibus accommod. a Muzelioy l2mo. Berol. 1744. 24mo. Brindley, 1744. A very good Edition. a Jo. Mich. Heusingero, 8vo. Ise- naci et Lips. 1756. A good Edition, on wretched paper. a M. J. D. Engehchmid, 8vo. Rege- mont. 1756. a Jo. Pet. Millero, Lat. et Gall. 12mo. Berolini, 1756. a Jo. F. Fischero, 8vo. 1759. ex Edit. Oxoniensi, Svo v Giasg. Foulis^ CO 9 1749, 1761, 1777. That of 1761 is a beautiful and correct book. 10s. 6d. Vita?, &c; cum Notis ad modum Minettii, 12mo. Lips. 1766. . 12mo. Barbou, 1767. cum Not. Var. ex Edit. Aug. van. Sta~ veren, a Car. Ant. Wetstcnio, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1773. -Best Edition. . Halae, 12mo. 1775. a J)av. Hoogstratano, 8vo. Traj. 1777. Cornelii Nepotis, Vita Pomponii Attici, 4to. sine juJla nota. A singular Edition, of the 15th century, mentioned by Denis and Panzei\ and which bears the genuine name of Cornelius Nepos. Abbe Boni. cum Notis et Observationibus Ccllarii, et novis Notulis Stubellii, 12mo. Regiom. 1772. Idem Liber, 8vo. Lips. 1774. 1 - ad Exemplum optimar. Edition, a Men* selling, 8vo. Lemgov. 1764. cum Notis, 8vo. /. Ilh> 8vo. Bern. Typogr. 1780. - sine Notis, Norim. 8vo. 1784. cum Not. Varior. 8vo. Hafnia?, 17S2. 8vo. maj. Biponti, 1782. edid. Hauss. 8vo. Francof. 1785. - " ex recensione Van. Staveren, 12mo. Misn. 1791. ' cum Adnot. Grammat. ed S. F. PVurs* ter, 8vo. Ulm. 1791. Gallice et Latine de Mr. Le Gras et P. Millero, BcroJ. 1756. 60 c Vita?, &c. nova Arte enucleatus mit'noten und deutschen phrasen von J. /. Ungnad, 8vo. Bresl. 1148. Cornelius Nepos was the first Classic published in the Russian Empire. It was done at Moscow in the year 1762. Connected with Fl. Mallii Theodori Liber de Metrisy a Heusingero, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1766, are found Cornelii Ncpotis Fragment a Guelpherbytina. Cornelius Nepos was born at Hostilia, near Ve- rona, in the reign of Julius Caesar, and lived till the 6th year of Augustus, about the year of Rome 716. He was an intimate friend of Cicero and Alticus. He wrote several things, which are all lost, except '* The Lives of illustrious Greek and Roman Gene- rals" This work was for a long time attributed to JEmilius Probus, and several Editions of the work were published under his name. The Editors were probably deceived by an Epigram in the ms. pre- sented to Theodosius, in which were the following words : Si rogat auctorem, me sciat esse probum. The learned critic, Andrew Scotus, was the first who restored the work to its genuine author. He also collected some fragments of the lost works of this historian, which may be found in several of the above Editions. The original of this work was writ- ten by Tragus Pompeius in 44 books, and contained a history of the world from the creation till the time of Augustus. This voluminous wrok Justin abridged, taking a selection from each of the 44 books, and C O 6t preserving the number and order of the books of the original in his own work. The abridgment was read and prized, and the original neglected, and in the end irrecoverably lost. The work of Justin is allowed to be written with all that elegance and pre- cision which characterizes the writings of the Au- gustan age. He gives a pleasing colouring to the most simple facts. His arrangement is regular and perspicuous, and his reflections new, striking, and always promotive of virtue. But, like other his- torians, he can only be trusted while relating those facts with which he had a personal acquaintance, or were near to the times in which he lived. His account of the Jews, lib. xxxvi. c. 1 1 , &c. is sufficient to shew that every page should be read with extreme caution. Cornelii Severi ./Etna et qua; supersunt frag- menta, a Theodor. Gorallo, (Joan. Clerico) 8vo. Amst. 1703. Some copies of this same Edition have been sold under a counterfeit title, bearing date 1715. Connected also with Petri Bembi* ^tna, 12mo. Amst. 1715. . Cornelius Severus flourished in the reign of Au- gustus, about the beginning of the Christian aera. Cornelii a Lapidc Commentarii in sacram Scrip- turam, 10 vol. fol. Antv. 1681. A vast mass of he- terogeneous matter, in which, connected with con- siderable learning, the reader may find ridiculous fables, legends, and trifles, in abundance. The best parts of the work are, the Commentary on the Pen- tateuch, and that on St. Paul's Epistles. The author, whose real name was Cornrillc de la 2 i icrre t was a G 2 CO Jesuit, born at Liege in 1566, and died at Rome iff 1637, aged 71 years. Cornelii Galli Fragmenta : with Catullus, Ti- bullust and Propertius, 12mo. Lugd. Gryph. 1548, 1561, and with the same 12mo. Paris. Barbou, 1755, and 8vo. Bipont. 1794. See this Dictionary, vol. 2. p. 160. Cornides, D. Commentatio de Religione vete~ rum Hungarorum, 8vo. Vien. 1791. Cornutus DeNaiura Deorum. The celebrated Villoison has undertaken an Edition of this author : it is probably not yet published. Cornutus was a Stoick philosopher, of Leptis in Africa. He was exiled by Nero, A. D. 54, because of having passed an unfavourable judgment on some verses made by that emperor. He was preceptor to the poet Persius. Corpus integrum Antiquitatum^ viz. Gravii et Gronovii Thesaurus Antiquitatum, Rom. et Graec. 25 vol. Poleni Supplementum, 5 vol. Sallengre, No- vus Thesaurus, 3 vol. Grsevii Thesaurus Antiq. et- Hist. Italiae, Neapolis, Sicilian, Sardinia?, Corsica, Mi- litae, atq. adjac. Terrar. Insularumq. aBurmanno, 45: vol. in 24mo. cum multis figuris; the whole 78 vol. bound in 56; all of the best Edition. Lug. Bat. 1697, &c. On London sale catalogues for 451. This Collection is more than sufficient to study- Roman antiquities to the bottom. But dreadful are the preliminaries uequired for the study of a parti- cular history ; to run through so many volumes ! and yet the Collection is good, and absolutely nc- co m cessary- for the right understanding of classical an- tiquities. An Edition, printed at Venice in 1732, fol. 33 vol. 251. has the Supplements ofSallengre and Polenus ; but the above is preferable. Corpus Historic Byzantinae nova Appendix, Opera Georgii Pisida?, Theodosii Diaconi, et Co>- rippi Africani Grammatici complectens, studio Pe- tri Fogginti, Gr. et Lat. fol. Roma?, 1777. Corpus Poetarum Latinorum, 2 vol. 4to. Geneva 1611, and 1627. It is truly ridiculous, that in this Corpus Poetarum Latiiwrum y printed at Geneva, 1627, this line in Virgil, jEneid i. v. 13. Insignem pielate virurn tot adirc laborxs y is published, . Insignem impietate virum y &c. From this let the reader judge of the wonderful accuracy of this Edition of the Corpus Poetarum Latinorum at Geneva. Ilarwood. a more correct Edition, 4to. Lugd. 1616. Corpus omnium. Veterum Poetarum Latinorum; cum V-ersiofcfc Italica, Mediolani, 1731 65, 36 torn. 4to. 41. 4s. Corpus Poetarum Latinorum, Maittaire, 2 vol. fol. Lond. 1713, 31. 3s. An excellent and scarce Edition. See Collectio, vol. 2. p. 296. Corpus Poetae Christiani, 4to. Venet. Aid. 1501, 1502, 1504, 3 vol. Veterum Poetarum tam profanorum quani ecclesiasticorum, fol. Lond. 1721, 2 vol. A valua- ble Collection. See Poetae. Gs fc* c o Corpus Juris CivlHs, a Van. Lieuwe'no, 2 vol. fol. Amst. 1603. A very good Edition. 3l. 13s. 6d. Corpus Juris Canonici, cum Glossis, 3 vol. Lugd. 1680. 15s. See Collections, in vol. 3. p. 2. Corpus Juris Civilis, 2 vol. fol. Amst. Elzevir, J 663, cum notis GotkofredL 2l. 2s. The Editor's notes are greatly valued by civilians. 2 vol. 8vo. Elzevir, Amst. 1664. This is the best Edition ; it is a beautiful one for print and paper ; but contains nothing but the text. < Amst. 1681,2 torn. 8 vo. A reprint of the former, but not so well done. . i i Amst. 1700, 2 torn. 8vo. > cum notis Gothofredi, et selectis variorum, Lipsise, 1720, 4to. - ex recensione et cum notis Gebaver, Got- tinga?, 1776, 4to. Not yet completed. See Col- lections, in vol. 3. p. 2. Corpus Juris Civilis, a Ludovico Bussardo, fol. Lugd. 156J,et 8vo. Antv. Plant. 1567, 12 vol. .a Julia Pacioy fol. Genev. 1560, 2. vol. et 8vo. ibid, eodem anno, 8 vol. These two are the completest Collections made in the 16 th century. a Dionysio Gothofredo> fol. Paris. Vitray, 1628, 2 vol. A good Edition. The editor spent the whole of his life in illustrating this great work. : ex eadem Editione, a Simone van Leeven, ibl. Amst. Elzev. 1663. A beautiful and very valu- able Edition. 1 ex eadem recensione, 8vo. Amst. Elzev. CO 5 1664, 2 vol. This is often united to the Collection cum Notis Variorum. cum Not. Var. 4to. Lips. 1720. a Simon van Leeven, cum Not. Var. fol. Colon. Mumatianae, 1756, 2 vol. a Georgio Christ. Gebavero, 4to. Gotting. 1776, et seqq. Excellent Edition. Romani, cum Not. Gothofredi et Van Leeven, 2 vol. fol Colon. 1781. reconcinnatum, ab Eusebio Begero, et Hen. Christ. L. B. de Lenchenberg, 4to. Francof. et Lips. 1767, 2 vol. See under Collectio et Jus. P. M. Corradini etJos. Rossi Fulpii t vetus La- tium profanumet sacrum, Romse, 1704 05, etPa- tavii, 1726, et ann. seqq. 7 vol. 4to. cum fig. 3l. 3s. CosMiE ^Egyptii Opera with the Collectio nova Patrum Graecorum, aMontfaucon, fol. Par. 1707. This author was a monk, of the 6th century, his work is a kind of Christian Topography \ of some use to geographers. Corvi Chiromantia, 8vo. No place or date. It has several prints in wood, and is a very singular book. The first page is printed in those long letters, which sometimes occur in mss. five or six centuries old. Benedkti Cosmomorii Bulla Diaboli, qua pater- jie Papam instruit quo modo gerere se debet in re- genda Romana Curia et toto terrarum orbe, 1545. Lib. rariss. Cosmomorius is a borrowed name un- der which the author has disguised himself. Gi 66 c o CoTELERil Patres Apostolici, 2 vol. fol. Paris. 1672. ll. is. a Joan, le Clerc, 2 vol. fol. Antv. 1698. A fine Edition. Patres Apostolici* Gr. et Lat. Cotelerii, 2 vol. fol. Amst. 1724; best Edition; sells for 1 1. 16s. This is also by.Le Clerc. It is an useful work, and includes many fragments not published alone. Ecclesiae Gra?cae Monumenta, Gr. Lat: Parisiis, 1677 86, 3 torn. 4to. ll. Is. This is not often to be met with complete. It is sometimes joined to the Analecta Graca of Montfaucon. Sec voj. 3. p. 11. John Baptist Coteleriiis (Cotelier) was born at Nismes, in 1 629. He was Batchelor of the Sorbon- he, and Greek professor in the royal college. At 12 years of age he could translate the Hebrew Bible with great facility, and was perfect master of Eu- clid's Elements. He Was one of the most learned men of his time, and a pattern of uprightness, gen- tleness, and piety. He died in Paris, Aug. 12, 1686, leaving nine volumes folio of mss. containing ex- tracts from the primitive fathers, and different eccle- siastical authors, with notes. These volumes were deposited in the late king's library. His Patres Apostolici is a work of great merit, and should oc- cupy a distinguished place in the library of every divine. Biblia Latina Vulg. Editionis additis summariis Chronologia Indicibus, &c. Opera D. F. C. P. C. minutis et nitidis characteribus. Parisiis, Couste- C'R 67 lier, 1665, 2 vol. 12mo. This beautiful little Bi- ble, which is very scarce, goes by the name of the printer, CousteKer. Thoma Cr.sophia. 9.' Errores Aristotelis. 10. Anna- an Liters praestant? Controvert* Oatoria. 1 1. Refutatio Mathematicorum. -12. A Comedy, in the Italian language. James Crichton, who on account of his extraor- dinary endowments of body and mind was named t4ie admirable Crichton, was born at Clunie in Perth- shire, sometime between 1551 and 1560. He was of the blood royal of Scotland, his mother being Eli- zabeth Stuart of Beath, who was a descendant of Ro- bert duke of Albany, the third son of Robert II. king of Scotland. He studied philosophy in the' university of St. Andrews, and had for his instructors John Rutherford, Hepburn, Robertson, and Bucha nan." Before he *as 20 years of age he had run through all the circle of the sciences, and could speak and write ten different languages in perfection : and be- sides these, he cultivated himself in the highest de- gree in riding, fencing, dancing, singing, and playing upon all sorts of musical instruments. He went to Paris, and caused bills to be stuck up on the gates a all the halls, colleges, and schools of the univer- sity, and before the doors of the most eminent lite- rati in the city, inviting all those who were Well versed in any science or art, to dispute with him in the college of Navarre that day six weeks ; where he would be ready to answer to whatever should be proposed to him in any art or science ; and in any of these twelve languages, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, Greek, Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, English, Dutch, Flemish, and Sclavonian; and this either in prose or verse, at the pleasure of the disputant. The disputation lasted from 9 in the morning till 6 at' night, in which he acquitted himself to the astonish- ment of all, and had a diamond ring and purse of gold given him by the college, as a testimony of their profound esleem for the rare qualities with which the Almighty had endowed him. At Rome, Venice, and Padua, he is said to have acted nearly in a simi- lar way, and with equal success. He was at last basely murdered by Vincentio de Gonzaga, son of the duke of Mantua, to whom lie was preceptor.' Such surprising accounts are given of the mental and corporeal endowments of this celebrated Scotchman, that some critics have seriously doubted the truth of 72 C R the whole relation. Others, while they grant there, was such a person, and allow he had considerable endowments, yet treat the greater part of what is related of him as fable. See Dr. Kippis, in the JBiogr. Britan. Of his existence indeed there can be no doubt, nor of his rare attainments; Aldus Ma- nutius, who was intimately acquainted with him, has put this part beyond controversy. See the piece to his memory in vol. 2. p. 189 of this Dictionary. Crichton was killed in the 32d (some say the 22d) year of his age. Critici Sacri sive Annotata doctissimorum Vi- rorum in Vetus et Novum Testamentum, Londini, 1660, 9 vol. fol. 31.3s. Amst. 1698,. 9 vol. fol. to which should be joined " Thesaurus Theologo-Philologicus, sive Silloge Dissertationum elegantiorum ad selectiora, Veteris ac Nov. Testam. loca, a Theologis Protes- tantibus conscripturum. Amst. 1701, 2 vol. fol. and. Lud. Capelli Critica Sacra, ubi ex variarum lee- tionum observatione plurima Scripturas loca expli- cantur. Par. 1650, foi. The first Edition of the Critici Sacri was undertaken and published by Cor-* rut litts Be, bookseller, of London, as an appendage to Walton's Polj/ghtt. It is a very useful work, but the Amsterdam Edition is greatly improved. Sacri, in V. et N. Testamentum, 9vol. fol. Lond. 1760, nitid. 2l. Us. 6d. Idem, cum Thesauro Theologico-Philo- ogico, et Thesauro novo, 13 vol. Amst. 1698, rol. ios. Edit. opt. C R 75 Synopsis Criticorum aliorumque S. Scripturdfe Interpretum. Londini, Flesher et Roycroft> 1669. Opera Matlhai Poll Londinensis, 5 vol. 21 12s. 6d. This is an abridgment of Bee's work, with the ad- dition of many Critics, which Mr. Bee had not re- ceived into his collection. Mr. Poole gives the Critics, as his title implies, at one view : the different opinions of the various commentators are brought together, and by small letters intermingled with the text ; their names are referred to in the margin. But tins is not managed so as to preclude obscurity and confusion. The work however has conside- rable merit, and is now advancing in price. It was reprinted at Utrecht in 1684, 5 vol. fol. with some additions ; but the original work is still pre- ferred.- Matthew Poo/e, the author, was a very- celebrated English divide, born at York in 1624, and died at Amsterdam in 1 679. He was a learned, commentator, a good casuist, and a modest, gentle, and pious man. Historia Hebraeorum ab Homero Hebraicis No- rainibus conscripta, in Odyssea et Iliade Opera Ge- rardi Croezii, Dordraci, 1704, 12mo. Lexicon iEgyptiaco-Latinum, a Maturino Veys- siere La -Croze, Berolini, 1721, elaboralum. Acce- dit Collectio vocum dialecti Sahidicze superioris ^Egypti, ex libro gnostico de Mysteriis Literarum Grsecarum, et pauculis Fragmentis Novi Testament]", fol. ms. This ms. lay by 53 years unpublished: at last the university of Oxford had the honour of en- H 74 C R riching literature with this valuable work, under the following title : " Lexicon jEgyptiaco-Latinum ex veteribus iilius Lingua? monumentis summo studio collectum et ela- boratum a Maturino Veyssiere La Croze. Quod in Compendium redegit, ita ut nullae voces jgyp- tiaca?, nulteeque earum significationes omitterentur, Christ ianus Scholtz: Aula? Regias Borussiaca? a con- cionibus sacris, et Ecclesiae reformatae Cathedralis Berolinensis pastor. Notulos quasdam, et Indices adjecit. Carolus Godofredus Woide, Oxonii, e typ. Clarendoniano, 1775, 4to." Should this work be soon reprinted, a second Edition might be greatly im- proved from the very numerous manuscript correc- tions and additions made by the late learned Mr. G. Wakefield in the margin of his copy. To Dr. Woide, who edited this work, we are indebted for that most accurateyac simile of the Codex Alexandrinus, pub- lished at Oxford in 1786, fol. Vincentii Alsarii Crucii Genuensis, Vesu- vius ardens, sive exercitatio Medico-physica ad motum et incendium Vesuvii Montis. Roma?, 1632, 4to. M. Georg. Crucigeri Harmonia Linguarum quatuor Cardinalium Hebraicse, Graecae, Latinee, et Germanics. Francof. 1616, fol. Lib. perrar. Martini Crush Annales Suevici, ab initio rerum ad annum 1594. Franc. 1595, 2 vol. fol. Rare and much esteemed. Excerpta e CtesIjE Persick et Indicis. Con- U 75 nected with Herodoti Historia, Gr. et Lat. a T. Gale, Lond. 1679, fol. Ex Ctesia Agatharcide et Memnone Excerpte Historian, ab Hen. Steph. Gr. 8vo. 1557. Cttsias was a Greek historian and physician, born at Cnidus. He wrote the history of Persia, in 23 books, and a history of India, all of which are lost, except a few fragments preserved by Photius, which have been published in the above, and in other works. He is generally allowed to have been a cre- dulous fabulous author. He flourished about 400 years before the Christian aera. Hortus Sanitatis, de Herbis et Plantis, de Anima- libus, de Avibus, de Piscibus, de Lapidibus, et de Utinis (authore Jo. Cuba.) Moguntiae, Jacobus Meydembach, 1491, fol. Goth, cum figuris, Lib. ra- rissimus. Idem Liber, fol. Goth, cum fig. 1517. Radulphi Cudworth, Systema Intellectuale hu- jus uiiiversi, seu de veris naturae rerum originibus Commentarii, quibus omnis eorum philosophia qui Deum esse negant funditus evertitur. Jenae, 1733, 2 vol. fol. This is a translation of the original work published under the title of the true Intellectual Sys- tem of the Universe. Printed in London, 167S, foj. The translator is the famous ecclesiastical historian, J)r. John Lawrence Mosheim. From this Edition of Mosheim, one in 4to. was printed at London in 1743, 2 vol. Ti*is is preferable to the folio Edition, be- cause the places and auhors whence the vast variety H3 7<3 CU of quotations are taken, are referred to in the mar- gin. It sells for ll. 10s. Dr. Cudworth was born in Somerset in 1617, and died at Cambridge in 1683. He has been accused of leaning too much to the Platonists in his Intellec- tual System. But has he done this farther than the Platonists were right ? His Intellectual System is a complete storehouse of ancient literature 5 and is a work of the first merit in the republic of letters. He is author of another excellent work on the Eter- nal and immutable Nature of Vice and Virtue. JacobiCu J atii Opera Juridica, ex edit. Car. Ann. Fabroti. Par. 1658, 10 vol. fol. liicardi Cumberland, De Legibus Naturae Dis- iquisitio Philosophiea. Lond. 1672, 4to. This is a refutation of Mr. Hobbes's philosophy. Aug. Cuperioli, Disputatio Medico-Theologica Politici de Baptismate Infantium in Uteris existen- tium. Venet. 1723, 8vo. Francisci Cuperi Arcana Atheismi revelata, phi- losophice et paradoxe refutata, &c. 1678, 4to. Gisberti Cuperi Harpocrates et Monumenta an- tiqua. Traject. ad Rhen. 1637, 4to. cum fig. Stephani Curcell.ei Opera omnia Theologica. Amst. Elzev. 1675, fol. Caelii Secundi Curionis Thesaurus Linguae La- tina?, seu formum, 3 vol. fol. Basil. Froben. 1561. 21. 12s. 6d. Curionis et Valderi Lexicon Graeco-Latinum, fol. 1561. 1 2s, 6d. Araneus seu-de Providentia Dei Libel- lusj Basil. 15-H, 8yo. A singular and curious work. cu n C. S. Curio de Amplitudine bcati Regai Dei, Tractatus, Basil. 1550. A curious work, in which the author proves that heaven has more inhabitants than hell ; or, in his own phrase, that the elect are more numerous thaw the reprobate. Coelius Secundus Vurio was born in San-Chirico, in Piedmont, of a noble family. Hav- ing abjured the errors of popery, he was greatly per- secuted by the Catholics, but at last he got settled at Basil, where he was professor of eloquence and the belles lettres for 22 years. He died in that city in 1569. Quinti Curtii Rufi Historia Alexandra Magnl, fol. Venet. Vindelin de Spira ; absque anni nota. Supposed to have been done about A. D. 1470. fol. Venet. 1471. Some suppose this to be the jirst Edition by Spira ; others suppose it to be the second. At the Hotel de Bullion it sold for 630 livres. a Pomponio Lato x fol. Rom. Georg. La- ver, sine anno, (about 1472) Denis. A copy, with the first leaf deficient, but supplied by ms. sold at the Vallierian sale for 122 livres. sine ulla nota. (An Edition of the 15th century.) Abbe JSoni. fol. Venet. 1474. 8vo. Mediol. sine typograph. nom. 1475* fol. Mediol. Ant. Zarotus, 1481. fol. Veronae, 1491. a Bart hoi, Merula, fol, Venet. 1494, H3 79 C U 2. Curt. Hist, ab eodeni, fol. Ven. J. de Tridino, 1502. Avery scarce Edition; with which is con- nected the spurious Epistles ascribed to this author. -i a Desiderio Erasmo, fol. Argent. Schue- rius, 1508, 1518. > fol. Tubing. Anselm. Badensis, 1513. a Luca Robia, 8vo. Florent. Junta, 1517. a Beato Bhenano, cum not. var. fol. Ba- sil. 1517. 8vo. Aldus, 1520. A fine Edition, much esteemed:' a Desid. Erasmo, 8vo. Par. Colon. 1533, 1543, and 1553. 8vo. Colon. Gymiiicus, 1538. cum Supplements Christ. Brunonis, 8vo. Lugd. Seb. Gryph. 1541, 1545, et 12mo. 1551. cum Christ. Brunonis Supplements, fol. Basil. Henr. Petri, 1545. a Francis. Modio, 8vo. Colon. 1579. ab Hadrian. Junto, 8vo. Antv. 1546. ab Henr. Glareano, Svo. Basil. 1 575. i cum Notis Theocreni et Franc. Modii y I2mo. Lugd. Gryph. 1588. A very scarce and va- luable Edition. a Joan. Isaaco Fontano, 12mo. Amst. Jansonius, 1628. Allowed to be a very correct Edition. a Jano Rufgersio, 12mo. Lugd. Batav. Elzev. 1633. a Joan. Freinsheimio, Svo. Argent. 1 640, 2 vol. A correct and valuable Edition. Freinsheim C U 79 has made this elegant author his particular study, and has admirably imitated his style in the Supple- ment he has affixed to this Edition. 2. Curt. Hist, a Nic. Blancardo, 8vo. Lug. Bat. 1649 and 1673. a. Joan. Loccenio, 24mo. Amst. 1656. cum Not. Var. a Schrevelio, 8vo. Amst. 1664, 1673, 1684, 1696. The Edition by Elzevir in 1673 is by far the most correct and beautiful ; that of 1696 is adorned with fine cuts. a Joan. Hen. Rapp, 4to. Argent. 1670. An excellent Edition. The notes of Freinsheim are printed separately, and placed before the Index. a. Joan. Gezelio, 12mo. Aboae, 1675. a Mich, le Tellier, in usum Delphini, 4to # Par. 1678,et8vo. Lond. 1705. cum Not. Var. et Sam. Pitisci, 8vo. UI- traj. 1685, 1693, 1708 ; all adorned with cuts. The two last are the most copious. cum Supplements et Figuris, 12mo. Amst. Wetst. 1 687. Edit. opt. a Christ. Cellario, !2mo. Lips. 1688, 1691, 1696, et 171 1: .. . a Christ. Junckero, 8vo. Dresd. 1700; et 8vo. Lips. 1708. a M. Maittaire> 12mo. Lond. 1716. A Good Edition. abEman. Sincero, 8vo. Aug. Vind. 1716. ab Henr. Snakenburgio, 4to. Lug. Bat. 1724. "This," say s JIarwood, " is one of the most valuable Editions of the Latin Classics I have ao c u ever read. Snakenburg has approved himself in this work, to be a very able and judicious critic. Few Editors have illustrated their authors so well, and manifested so accurate a knowledge of ancient man- ners and customs." 2. Curt. Hist, cum Comment. Christ. Cella- riU 8vo. Hag. Comit. 1727, 2 vol. 12mo. Lond. Brindley, 1746, 2 vol. - - ex edit. Maittaire, 8vo. Lond. 1751. . cum Supplements Freinshemii, l2mo, Paris. Barbou, 1757. a Jo. Petro Miller o, Lat. et Gall. 8vo, Berol. 1770. . 8vo. maj. 2 vol. Biponti, 1782. . 8vo. mit. noten, Westeras, 1789. 12mo. sine notis, Hake, 1794. p cura Cunze, vol. primum, P. Ja. Helms, 1795. Quinti Curtii Epistolarum, libri v. 4to. Regii, Ugo Rugeriis, sive Rogeriis, Regiensis, 1500. A very scarce Edition of a work of little value, falsely- attributed to Quintus .Curtius. It was reprinted by Fabricius at the end of vol. 1. of the Bihlioiheca Zatina, 4to. Venet 1728. Orationes et Epistolse, 8vo. Paris. 1507. Of Quintus Curtius Rufus very little is known. He probably flourished under Vespasian, about A. D. .70. He has immortalized both himself 'and his hero by his history of Alexander the Great. This work was originally in 10 books ; but the two first, the end of thejifth, and the beginning of the sixth, are now C Y 81 lost. The style of Curtius, though rather flowery, is allowed to be noble, elegant, and pure ; and his reflections luminous, ingenious, and solid. But his chronology and geography are indifferent. In de- scribing the pompous march of Darius, he represents him as seated on a car consecrated to Jupiter, and adorned with the statues of the Roman gods ! as if the Persians either reverenced or even knew Jupiter or any of the Roman deities ! Some learned men have considered the whole history as a very inge- nious and well written Romance. Perhaps it would be impossible, after a dispassionate reading of the work, not to be of the same opinion. Speculum Concubinariorum Sacerdotum, Mona r chorum ac Clericorum, authore Ilenr. Cuyckio, Colonic, 1599, 8vo. or small 4to. This is a scarce and curious work. The Catholics consider it a gross and terrible invective against their clergy. The au- thor was a protestant divine, born at Culemburg near Utrecht. He died in 1609. , Cypriani Opera, fol. sine nota. An Edition of the 15 th century. a Desid. Erasmo, fol. Basil. 1520. a Paul. Manutio, fol. Rom. 1563. ,> a Jac. Pa?nmelio, fol. Antv. 1568 et 1569. Much more correct than the preceding. ' zNic. Rigaltio, fol. Par. 1666. A good Edition; which contains also Liber adversos Paga- nos of Commodianus. See his article. ; i a Joan. Fell, fol. Oxon. 1682, et Amst. 1700. This first Edition of the learned and judi- 82 C Y cious bishop of Oxford is very excellent : the second is beautiful and correct. It Is. Cyprian. Op. ex ed. J. Fellii, fol. Bremae, 1690. a Steph. Bahtzio et Monach. S. Mauri, foL Par. 1726. Edit, opt, 7s. 6d. Epistol^, fol. Venet. Find. Spira, 1471, 41. 4s. i ex recognitione, et cum Epistola Johannis Andrea, Episcopi Aleriensis, fol. Romae, per Co?h- rad. Sweynhcym et Arnold. Pannartz, in dome Pe- tri et Francisi de Maximis, 1471 . A rare and valu- able Edition. As these two Editions appeared in the same year, it is impossible to tell which of them fe the Editio princeps. fol. absque ulla nota, circa 1 476. fol. Venet. Lucas Venetus> 1483. 15s. fol. Paris. 1 5 1 2, et Colon. 1520. De Duodecim Abusivis S and supposed to be a part of the Bolognian Edition. de Unitate Ecclesiae cum mss. coll. et annott. illustratus studio Jeremia Stephani, Lond. 1632, 8vo. ' de Bono Patientiae, cum notis /. Ste- phanij Lond. 1633, 8to. CY 83 Cypriani Opuscula varia, Epistola? de Habitu et Disciplina Virginum, de Lapsis, de Unitate Eccle- sbe, de Oratione Dominica, &c. inter Franc. Boas, Mella Patrum. Lond. 1650, 8vo. Libellus de Idolorura Vanitate, cum M. Minucii Felicis Octavio. Oxon. 1678, 8vo. Saint Cyprian sprung from an illustrious family in Carthage, He was converted to the Christian reli- gion by the ministry of a priest named Cecilius, A. D. 246, and two years after he became bishop of Carthage. In the Decian persecution he had his head cut off, A. D. 258. Cyprian is one of the most valuable of the. primitive fathers, especially in mat- ters which concern the customs and discipline of the primitive church. He is the most eloquent of the Latin fathers * his style is in general pure, and his reasoning strong and conclusive. It is but of little importance to know, that St. Cyprian, as well as Tertullian, was a straight-hair'd Black. Sancti Cyrilli Alexandrini Opera, a Joan. Au- berto, Gr. etLat. fol. Par. 1633 et 1638, 7 vol. Edit, opt. Sold at Dr. Askew's sale for seven guineas and a half . Homilise xix. a Barth. Corderio> Gr. et Lat. Svo. Antv. 1648. Epistolae Canonicze, Gr. et Lat. cum Scho- liis Theod. Balsamonis, ex Gul. Beveregii, Pandect. Oxon. 1672. His books against Julian were published in the works of Julian, Lips. 1694. Opera, Lat. 2 vol. fol. Par. 1572. 84 C Y Saint Cyril succeeded his maternal uncle Theo- philus in the see of Alexandria, A. D. 412; in which office he continued till 444, when he died. His style is inelegant, obscure, and desultory. He is allowed to have been a very zealous defender of the faith; but the faith has gained little credit from such defenders ! Endeavouring to exterminate the Jews from Alexandria, they formed a cabal, got the governor Orestes on their side, made an attack on the Christians, and slew many of them. The monks of Nitria, hearing of the opposition the governor and the Jews made to the patriarch, assembled in a tumultuous manner, wounded the governor with stones ; and supposing that the famous Ilypatia (daughter of Theon, one of the most beautiful wo- men, best mathematicians, and profound philoso- phers of her age) had excited Orestes against the patriarch, headed by a lector named Peter, they way-laid her on her return to her own house, drag- ged her to the Cesarean church, stripped her, and beat her to death with potsherds ! Their savage cruelty did not end here ; for they cut her in pieces, and then burned the mangled body to ashes ! See Fleury's Ecclesiastical History. " This barbarous act," says the historian Socrates, " brought great reproach both on St. Cyril and the whole church." And well it might ; for it was an act that tigers and incarnate demons alone could perpetrate.- 1 Ilypatia. had composed many works in philosophy and ma- thematics, which probably all shared the fate of the amiable authoress. The reader will be pleased to e y as observe, that it was i\oi Christianity that committed these and such like barbarous outrages ; but they were -done by men, who to their savage brutalities added the almost unpardonable crime of styling themselves Christians I The Son of God did not come to de- stroy men's lives, but to savo but many who have called themselves his disciples, have not taken their instructions from the benevolent Saviour of man- kind. fowc//CYRiLLi Hierosolymitani Opera, a Diony~ sw Petavio, Gr. et Lat. fol. Par. 1622. a Joan. Pravotio^ Gr. et Lat. fol. Paris. 1631. Excellent Edition. a Thorn. Milles, rGr. et Lat. fol. Oxon. 1703. 7s. 6d. The Greek text is printed in a beau- -tiful character, in one column, with the Latin Ver- sion of Grodecius, in the other ; with various read- ings, curious and interesting notes, and three useful Indexes. ab August. Touttee, Mon. S. Mauri, Gr. et Lat. fol. Par. 1720. Edit. opt. The text is cor- rected from many mss. and is accompanied with learned notes. The Latin Version is allowed to be very exact. Catechesis, a Guill. Morello, Gr. 8vo. Par. 1564. Edit, princ. A Latin Edition was printed at Colon. 1574, fol. a Jean. Pr-avotio, Gr. et Lat. 4to. Paris. 1609. De Dictionibus, connected with the Greek Dic- tionary, Ven. Aid. 1497, fol. ^A beautiful work. I 86 C Y Cyrilli Dictionarium Grascum cum Interp. Lat. Venet. apud Aldum, 1524. Philoxeni aliorumque veterum Glossaria Latino-Graeco et Graeco-Latina, a Car. Labb by /. J. Reiske, Oratores Graci, Gr. 12 vol. Libanius, Gr- 4 vol. ODion. Chrysostom, Gr. 2 vol. Dion. Halicar- nassensis* Gr. et Lat 6 vol. Plutarchus, Gr. 1 2 vol. -r-Max. Tyrius, Gr. et Lat. 2 vol. Chariton, Gr, et Lat. 8 vol. Theocritus, Gr. et Lat. 2 vol. in 1 . Small Quarto. In all 40 volumes, 1765, &c On LunrCs Catalogue, elegantly bound in Russia, for 441. 10S. Hioftysius Gato., , G.vttio Magnus ,hd> et Eng. " Here fynysh- eth this- present book, which is sayd or called Ca- thon, translated oute of frenshe into English-by Wil- liam Ga&ton in the abbay of Westmynstre the yere of oure Lord mcccclxxxih." fol. It is divided- in- to 24 books, containing 72 heads. G-XthO Parvus* Latin and English, or Cato's Pre- cepts; in- Latin, with a Translation and Paraphrase in English verse. Translated out of French, and , printed by W. Caxton, without date-, 4to. An article of the greatest rarity. " This 4to. Edition of Cato" says the compiler of the Harleian Catalogue, "seems to have entirely escaped the description of those who have catalogued Caxfon's works. It begins with Parvus Catho, which continues for a leaf and half a page : theft begins Magnus Catho, and this is con- tained in four books, taking up thirty leaves and a page. Then follow some rules for the behaviour of C A 89 children, in English verse, entitled Sta?is Puer ad Mensam : these take up two leaves and a page. Then follows an holy Salve Regina, in English verse, comprised in two pages : and in the last page of the book is a Tetrastic on the mystery of the in- carnation, with six distichs of proverbial admoni- tions. Dr. Middieton seems to have seen these pie- ces bound up with some others composed by Chau- cer, and thence entitles the whole, A Collection of Chaucer's Poems : whereas Caxton tells us, in the folio Edition of Cato, added to his Golden Legend in 1483, that though those distichs had been trans- lated out of Latin into English by Benet Burgh, late archdeacon of Colchester, &c. yet, because there came to his hands this book in French, he translated it from this tongue into English, and presented it to the city of London. This Quarto Edition is visibly enough printed with Caxton's letter, but seems to be more ancient than that in folio ; because it has no initials at the beginning of the books ; has no signatures or catch-words at bottom, or numbers on the pages at top, nor even any points throughout ; an omission which has not been observed in Cax- ton's earliest printed books." Catho, cum Commento. Rothomagi, in officina Richardi Goupil, sine anno, 4to. Londini, per Wynandum de Worde, 1512, 4to. pro Pueris. Lond. per Wyiu de Worde, 1513, 4to. 13 S6 DA Disticha ftiorafia, tituto Cathonis, cum Schdlii* auctis Erasmi Roterodami. Apothegmata Grasciae Sapientimi. Eadem per Ausonium. Memi Pupli- ani. Institutufn Hominis Christiani, &c. -Impres- sam per Petium Treveris, in suburbio Londinensi vnlgariter (Southwarke) nuncupate, 1514. CathonIs Disticha, cum Annott. Richardi Ta<* verneri, in aedibus Nicholai Montani, Anilo Salutis 1553. At the end, " Londini, in aedibus Thomce Bertbeleti, Regii Impressoris, cum Privilegio, 8vo." This was reprinted the same year by Nicholas Hill for John Walley. Also in 1555, " in aedibus Ro- bertiCaly* within the precinct of the late dissolved house of the Grey Friars nowe converted into an Hospitall, called Christ's Hospitall." 8vo. , " The shorte Sentencez of the wyz Cato, trans- lated out of Latin intoo English by William Bullo- ker, and printed with Aesop's Fables in true orto- graphy. Lond. printed by Edmurid Bolifant, 1585,, 8ro." D A JL JaCHERI (Luca) veterum aliquot Scriptorum qui in Galliae Bibliothecis latuerant Spicilegium, Editio accuratior nunc a Jos&pho de la Barre, ex re- cognitione Steph. Baluzii et Edm. Martenne, Pari- siis, 1T23, 3 vol. fol. The first Edition of this ex- I> A 9i cellent Collection, in 13 vol. 4to. Par. 165577, is now so completely eclipsed by this new Edition, that it is no longer of any value but as waste paper. With this work the following should be connected : Vetera Analecta, a Jo. Mabitlcnio, fol. Paris. 1723. Historia generalis Piantarum, in libros xviii. per certas classes artificiose digesta ; authore Jacobo Da- lech amp. Lugd. 1587, 2 vol. fol. cum figuris. Dall^eus (Johannes) de Usu Patrum y 1646, 4to. He also published the following works : de Pcenis et Satisfactionibus Humanis. Amst. 1649, 4to. de Cultibus Religionis Latinorum, Ge- nev. 1671, 4to. , De Fidei ex Scripturis Demonstration e. De Je- juniis et Quadragessima, 8vo. De Confirmatione et Extrema Unctione. De Sacramentati sive Auri- culari Confessione, Sec. John Daille was a protestant divine, born at Cha- telleraut in 1594. He died at Paris in 1670, in the 77th year of his age. His work concerning the right Use of the Fathers (in which he shews that their testimony should not be resorted to, for the ter- mination of theological controversies) has made much noise. Dispassionate men have sided with Daille, and firmly believe, that the authority of scrip- ture alone should be appealed to in every article of polemic divinity ; for this plain reason Scripture is ever at unity with itself, and speaks nothing but in- fallible truth : but controversialists on both sides can support their respective opinions by appeals to tue : 92 DA Fathers ; hence religious controversy managed in this way has no end. Sancti Damasii Opera, a Mario Milesio Saraza- mo, 4to. Roma?, I638,et8vo. Paris. 1672. cum notis, fol. Roma?, 1754. An ex- cellent Edition. - Carmina sacra, ab And. liivino, 8vo. Lips. 1652. aliquot Sanctorum Elogia in Mich. Maittaire Operibus et Fragments veterum Poeta- rum Latin, profan. et Ecclesiast. Lond. 1713, fol. vol. 2. p. 1579. Damasius was the son of a Spanish scribe, who coming to sojourn at Rome became Lector, then Deacon, and lastly Priest of the Church of St. Law- rence. Damasius served in the same church, till he was elected Bishop of Rome in 366 ; in which office he died in 384. His works consist chiefly of Letters. St. Jerom is said to have been his secretary. B. Petri Damiani Opera omnia. Parisiis, 1663, fol. The Editions of 1642 and 1664 are of pretty nearly the same value as the above. ab Ab. Mirenda, foi. Romae, 1754. Peter Damian was born at Ravenna in the 1 1 th century. Stephen IX. made him a cardinal, and bishop of Ostea in 1057. He died in 1073, aged 66 years. His works are useful in matters which concern the ecclesiastical history of the 1 1th century ; but they are stuffed with allegories, visions, and false miracles; and have scarcely any thing, in ge- nius or style, to recommend them. D A S3, Damasceni Opera (JohannisJ^QxBillium y Par. fol. 1619. Opera, a Mich, le 2uien, Gr. et Lat., fol. Par. 1712, 2 vol. de Fide orthodoxa, &c. Gr. 4to. Vero- na?, Fr aires de Sabio, 1531. Liber Barlaam et Josaphat, fol. sine ulla nota. The character shews that it is the work of Spirit, about 1472. Who the author of this work was is not certainly known ; but it has usually been attributed to John Damascenus. fol. Argentina?, 1485. de Imaginibus" Orationes tres, et alii Auctores, edente Nic. Majorano, Gr.,8vo. Roma?, 1553. John, the author of the above works, was born at Damascus in 676, whence he had the name of. Da- mascenus. He was a man of great probity, and though a professed Christian, the calif of Damascus made him his prime minister ; but finding himself, envied and hated on account of his elevation and his religion, he retired to the monastery of St. Sab- bas in Jerusalem, and there passed the rest of his days. The Catholic writers say, that St. John Damas- cenus was so zealous for the truth, that he resorted sometimes to pious fables to support it. Such conr. duct in any person leaves the difference very little, between saint and sinner. The truth has no need of such support ; and is always injured and rendered suspected, when its votaries go to Egypt for help. 94 B A The writings of Damascenus are the same in the Greek church that the writings of Aquinas are among the Latins. Novum Lexicon Gracum Etymologicum etReale. Homericum et Pindaricum. Collegit et digessit Christ. Tobias Damm. Berol. 1765, 4to. 21. 12s. 6d. Daneti (Petri) Dictionarium antiquitatum Ro- manarum et Grsecarum ; ad usum Delphini. Paris. 1 698, 4to. The most common of all the authors in usum Delphi?ii, probably because the least va- lued. Daniel, secundum LXX. a Philip. Melancthonc, ex Graeco Theodotionis, Gr. 8vo. Franc. 1546. ab Edw. Wells, Gr. et Eng. Oxon. 1116. a Simone de Magistris, Gr. et Lat. fol. Roma?, 1772. Edit. opt. Reprinted aftewards in 4to. at Gottingen, 1774. a C. Segaar, ex Codice Chisiano, Gf. 8vo. Ultraj. 1775. Avery good Edition. Breves Danielis Lacinise, Gr. 4to. Lond. 1665. The Prophet Daniel flourished about 570 years before the Christian a?ra. His Prophecies concern- ing Judea, Greece, Rome, and the Incarnation of Christ, are so distinctly marked, and so evident, that Porphyry, not being able to get rid of the evidence they brought in behalf of the Christian religion, was obliged, in order to cover his flight, to assert, that they had been written after the facts referred to had taken place ! An unfoundedassertion, which a thou- sand witnesses rose up at once to confute. D A 95 Augustini Dati Elegantiola* Latini Sermonis, a Bono Accursio Pisano, 4to. Mediolani, Philippus de Lavagnia, 1475. ' Daretis Phrygii Historia de Excidio Trojae, seu de OrigineTrojanorum, 4to. sine ulla not. Prefixed Is the spurious Letter of Curnelius Nepos to SuUust. It is found with the Epistles of Phalaris, 4to. Tar- visii, 1471 : done with the types of Gherardoi Flan- ders, about 1478. 4to. sine ulla nota. This is entitled, Jncipit Historia de Excidio Troja, and, from the similarity of the character seems to have proceeded from Florentius of Strasburgh, about A- D. 1472. de Excidio Trojas, &c. 8vo. Bas. 1541. United with Pindari Thtbani Jliados Epitome. a J. Exoniensi, 8vo. Lond. 1675. Dares Phrj/gius and Dictj/s Cretensis conjoined. Daretis Historiae Belli Trojani, a Franc. Fara- gonio, 4to. absque ulla nota. Supposed to be the Edit. prin. executed at Mentz about A. D. 1470. a Masello Venia, 4to. Mediol. 1477. Though the two authors are here united, yet the date is found only at the end ofDictys Cretensis. ex edit. Faragonii, 4to. Messanas, Guil. Schomberger, 1498. First Edition with a date. ex eadem Editione, 4to. Venet. Christ. Mandellus de Pensis f 1499. ' 4to. Vitebergce, J. Grunenbergius, 1512. 12mo. Lugd. Gryphius, 1552. 16mo. Lug. Gryph. 1569. Connected cum t rib us Libanii Declamationibus. 96 P A Daretis Hist. Svo. Paris. 1560. Svo. Basil, Petrus Perna, 1573. a Josia Mercero, 24mo. R. Steph. 1618. 24'mo. Amstel. 1631. ab Anna TanaqnilU Fabri Filia (Ma- dam Dacier) in usum Delphini, 4to. Par. 1680. "A very rare article, as nearly the whole Edition was burnt in a fire which consumed the office. It sells for 4 1. cum Not. Var. a Lud. Smids, 4to. et 8vo. Argentor. 1691. A better Edition than the former. The 4to. sells for 15s. the Svo. for 10s. 6d. cum Not. Var. a Lud. Smids, 4to. et Svo. Amst. 1702, 2 vol. Best Edition, adorned With ancient medals, and united to Josephi Iscani Devonii Excestrensis. Poema heroicum de Belle Trojano. Dictys Cretensis alone. Ephemeridos Belli Trojani, Librivi. 4to. sineulla nota. Some suppose it to have been printed at Mentz, and others, with more probability, think it was at Cologne by Arnold Theroernen about A. D. 1470. a Massello Venia, 4to. Mediol. 1477. bound up with Dares Phrygius, though probably printed alone. cum figuris, 4to. Paris, in officina Nicol. de Pratis. Petrus Goudoul. 1520. Dares Phrygius was a Trojan priest, celebrated by Homer. He wrote the history of the Trojan war in Greek which was extant in Elian's time, but it h now lost. That which goes under his name is a spurious work. Isidore, Liber I. Origin. Cap. 41, mentions Dares Phrygius* in the following terms : " Primus Historicus apud' Gentiles, qui in foliis pal- marum de Grsecis et Trojanis Historiam scripsit." " Dares Phrygius was the first. historian among the Gentiles. He wrote a history of the Greeks and Trojans upon palm-tree leaves." The history which is now attributed to this author is supposed to have been the work of Septimus Romanus, who was con- temporary with St. Ambrose, about A. D. 370. Dictj/s Cretensis followed Idomeneus to the siege of Troy, and composed (say some) a history of that famous expedition. A learned man, of the 15th cen- tury, composed that history of Troy, w r hich has since gone under, the name of Dictys Cretensis, but who the author is none can tell. David. See Psalterium. Museum Typographicum, seu Collectio in qua omnes fere libri in quavis facultate ac lingua rarissi- mi notatuque digni&simi accurate recensentur, a Guill. Franc. Debure Juniore. Paris. 1755, 12mo. Bibliographie Instructive, ou Traitc de la Connoi- sance des Livres rares singulieurs, &c. pur G. F. Debure. Paris. 1763, 7 vol. 8vo. This excellent work contains, in the six first volumes, a catalogue of 6140 different articles, many of which are described with such accuracy and judgment,, as fairly entitle the author to a first place among the most useful Bib- liographers. The 7th volume is an Index to the whole. K 98 V E Catalogue -des Uvres du Cabinet de M, Gaigna-t^ par Debure. Paris. 1769, 2 vol. Svo. This is pro- perly a supplement to the preceding work, and is ne- cessary to its completion, as Debure has corrected many of the mistakes in the Bib. Instruct, in this work. Catal. des Livres de M, Gerardot de Prefond, par Debure, Par. 1757, 8vo. Catal. des Livres de la Bibliotheque de Feu M. le due de la Valliere. Paris. 1783, par Gail. Debure, fils aine. Premiere partie, 3 vol. Svo. To this be- longs a Supplement, which gives the price at which each article was sold. The auction began January 12, 1784, and ended May 5. The number of arti, cles was 5668, and the produce of the whole was 464,677 livres, 8 sous. De Bure, the author of the Bibliographie Instruc- tive, died in 1782. Debure, author of the Vallierian Catalogue, &c. is still a respectable bookseller in Paris. Deani (Edmujidi) Mercurius redivivus seu mo- dus conficiendi Lapidem Philosophicum, Francof. i630, 4to. cum fig. Decii (Johannis) Syntagma Institutionum Juris Imperialis Hungarici, Claudiopoli, 1539, 4to. Li- ber rarissimus. Deckeri (Conradi) de Staurolauia Romana, LU bri duo, Hanoviae, 1617, 8vo. Deckeri (Johannis HenriciJ Spectrologia, seu Discursus Philosophicus de Spectris, Hamburghi, 1690, 12mo. D E DO I)ecor Puellarum. This extremely scarce book is in Italian, and the following, which in the original is printed in capitals, is the title : " Qtuesta sie una opera la quale se chiama : Decor Puella- rum : Zoe honore de le donzelle : la quale da JRegola forma e modo al stato de le honeste donzelle." At the end of the last leaf is the following subscrip - tion printed also in capitals : ** Anno a Christo Incar- natione, m,cccc,lxi./ht Magistrum Nicolaum Jen- son, hoc opus quod Puellarum Decor dicitur, feliciter impressum est Laus Deo.*' The book is in 4to. and contains 118 leaves, or 235 pages, but it is without folios, signatures, and catch-words. In the date 1461, there is certainly an error. In the third chapter of the seventh book of the Decor Puellarum, mention is made of a work done by the same printer be/ore this. The work is entitled, Lue- tics Christianorum. From a very perfect copy in the Vallierian library, Mr. De Bure gives us the fol- lowing Title and Colophon : " Questa e una opera la quale se chiama, Luctus Christianorum ex Passione Christi, Zoepianto de Christiani per la Pas- sion de Christo, in forma de meditatione ." At the end, " A. ChristiNativitate, Anno m,cccc,lxxi. Pridie nonas Apriles a pr&clarissimo Libror. Ex- culptore Nicolao Gallico, impressa est Passio Christi devotissima. Finis." This work is in small 4to. and contains 64 leaves, or 1 28 pages. Now as the Decor Puellarum mentions this book as being printed before, and this was not printed (as K2 um p E the subscription manifests) till 1471, consequently the Decor Puellarum could not be printed in 1461, and not sooner than 1471 ; and as there is the great- est -similarity between the two works, it is suffici. ently evident that they were both printed in the same year, though the Lucius Christianorwn wag the first in order. The whole mistake arose from neglecting to put another x after the l in the date of the Decor Puellarum. A very imperfect copy of this work sold at Mr. De Prefond's sale for 700 livres : at the Vallierian sale in 1784, a copy, with the first eight .leaves reprinted, sold for 299livr. 19s. By the same printer, Nic. Jenson, and probably in the same year, was published another extremely scarce Italian Treatise, entitled, " 2ui comenza el prcemio del Ordiue del bien viver de le donne niari- dade chiamato Gloria .Mulierum," 4lo. This has neither the place, date, priater'-s name, folios, catch- words, nor signatures. It was done with the same letter with which the Decor Puellarum and the Lucius ChristianoTum were printed, and probably in the same year, 1471. It contains only 30 pages, and 'sold at the Valiierian sale for 260 livres. The author of ihtsz4hree wotks is supposed to be Dam. Jean, de Dieu, an intimate iriend of Jenson. For other particulars relative to these three arti- cles, see De Bure's Pib. Instr. No. 1336. Piblioth, de la Valliere, No. 1329, and 1-630. Decembrii [Angeli) Mediolanensis Oratoris ad Pium II. Pontif. Politiae Litterariae, libri 7. August. Vindel. 1540, fol. Liber rariss. D E 101 Divi Apostoli Pauli Epistolae, Epistolae Canonica; beatijacobi, &c. ex recensione A- gidii Delfi, Pa- ris, per Ulric. Gering. et Berth. Rembolt. 1491, 4to. Delphini (Petri) Veneti Generalis Ordinis Ca- maldulensis, Epistolarum libri 1 2. in lucem editi cu- ra et studio Jacobi Brixiani Monachi et prioris Ca- maldulensis, Venetiis, 1524, fol. One of the most rare and curious works of the epistolary kind : sold at the Vallierian sale in 1767 for 600 livrcs. Ejusdem Petri Delphini Epistolae 242, posterr- ores quae in editis desiderantur, &c. a Joanne Ma- billonio, foL Delphin Classics. See Collectio, vol. 2.p.25S. Decretalia, cum Glossa ordinaria Domini Bernhardt', Mogunt. apud SchoifFer, 1413, fol. Of this book there are two Editions, of which the only difference is, that the one is embellished at the beginning with a picture of the Pope giving the De- cretal, and has at the end, upon the page on the back of the subscription, two columns of verses, some of which are these : Estirao nee scriptas decretales neque pressa* Conferri nostrk in tribus eximils In foliis spacium eunctis est margmii aequam Codicis hoc primum fulget ab arte deciis. Qucerere te textui distanttm sa>pe fattgat Glosam hie folium vertere non opus est. Te cito certificarrt monsfrantia graimnata glosam, Correctiorque Liber perficiet docilem. The other has no verses at the end, nor picture at the beginning; but a blank space, which it was de- signed that the illuminator should fill up, K3 10ft D E Decretalta cum Glossa et Emendat. Fr. Ge- mcensis, Monelia, Mogunt. per Johannem de Coto- nia, 1481, fol. cum Glossis Jo. Andrea, Roma?, 1472, fol. - Liber Sextus, ex recensione A. de Navo, Venet. N- Jenson, 1476, fol. For various works of this kind, see article Collec- tions, Vol. 3. pp. 2 7. Delrii (Martini) Disquisitiones Magica?. Mo- gunt. 124, 4to. Demadis Orationes Politico?, abA. Miniali, Gr. et Latin. 8vo. Hanov. 161 9. Connected with the Orationes Dynarchi, Lycurgi, Sec. Lib. rar. &emades t from being an Athenian sailor became an orator. He was taken prisoner by Philip of Ma- cedon at the battle of Charronea, and afterwards, by his eloquence, gained a great influence over that monarch. One day when Philip, clothed in all the insignia of royalty, shewed himself to the prisoners, and insulted their misery, " I am astonished," says Demades, " that fortune having raised you .to, the state of Agamemnon, you can amuse yourself with acting the part of Thcrsiles." Demades was put to death on a suspicion of treason, about 332 years before Christ. Demetrius Cidonius, De Contemnenda Morte, Grsec. et Lat; 8vo. Basil. 1 553, with Irrisio Philoso- phorum Gentilium of Hennas, and with the Vila et Mortis Compendium, Graze, et Latin. Svo. Basil, 1586. D E l&S Demetrius (P7ialereus) De Elocutione, a Pelro Victoria, Gr. 8vo. Florent. 1552. . . Gr. 8vo. Paris. Morel. 1555. Gr. 8vo. Argentor. 1556. . De Elocutione, ac Dionysii HalicaT- nassensi Opuscula quaedam Latinae interprete Ilhovio, Basil. 1557, 8vo. cum Comment. Petri Victorii, Gr. Ct Lat. fol. Florent. Junta, 1562. a Joan. Casselio, Graec. et Lat. 8vo. Rostochii, 1584. a Thoma Gale, Gr. et Lat 8vo. Ox. 1-676. Among the Rketores Select i. Gr. et Lat. Glasg. Foulis, 1743. Good Edition, 7s. 6d. One of the first books issued by Foulis. a Joan. Gottlob. Schneidero, Greec. 8vo. Altenburgi, 1779. j) e Interpretatione, Gr. fol. Venet- Aid. 1 508. with the Rhetores antiqui Greed, print* ed in the above year. Demetrius Phalereus was an Athenian,- and one of the most celebrated disciples of Theophrastus. He acquired so much power over the Athenians by the charms of his eloquence,, and especially by his virtues, that he was made Archon in the 309th year before Christ. During the ten years he governed the city, the people enjoyed a state of the great- est happiness. To testify their gratitude, they made him 365 brazen statues, .which were set up to com- memorate the excellence of his administration : but 104 D E envy did not permit him long to enjoy his reputation ; he was accused, condemned, and all the statues thrown down. To the person who brought him this news he said, " Well, they cannot deprive me of those virtues which merited this honour." He es- caped to Ptolemy Lagus, king of Egypt, but having advised that prince to leave the crown to the son of Euridice, Philadelphus, who was the son of Hernice, when he came to the throne, banished him to Upper Egypt. Wearied with his exile, Diogenes Laertius says, he permitted an asp to sting him to death. Others say that he was in great favour with Phila- delphus, .that he enriched the public library with 200,000 volumes, and engaged the king to get the Jewish Scriptures translated into Greek, which Translation is that now termed the Septuagint. But these acts are very uncertain, nor is there any evi- dence that the works attributed to him are genuine : the learned suppose the true author to be Dionysius Halicarnassensis* Demetrius Chalcondylas, Manuel. Moschopu- lus, et Corinthus, Greece, fol. No date or place. This book is printed in a beautiful ancient Greek character. Done at Milan in the beginning of the 15th century. Extremely scarce, and of great value. Erotema, &. Manvelis Mosc&puli de Syntaxi, Gr. 8vo. Basil. 1546. See Chalcondylas. Demetrius Pepagomenus, de Podagra, Gr. et Lat. Svo. Paris. 155S. 2s. 6d. D E 105 Demetrius Pepagomenus, a Jo. Steph. Bernard, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1743. 3s. 6d. Gr. et Lat. 8vo. jBernardi, Arnheim, 1753, 4S. Demetrius Pepagomemis was physician to the Emperor Michael Paleologus, about A. D. 1270. Democratis Demophiliet Secundi veterum Phi- losophorum Sententia?, a Luca Holstenio, Gr. et Lat. 12mo. Rom. 1638. ; a Jo. Adamo Schier, Gr. 8vo. Lips. 1754. Edit. opt. cum Not. var. Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Amst. 1688. Among the Opuscula Mythohgica, Ethica, et Pkysica. A correct and excellent Edition. Demosthenis Orationes. Orationes, Gr. fol. Editio princeps. Venet. apud. Aid. 1504. ll. 1 Is. 6d. Aldus printed two Editions of Demosthenes in this year, the texts of which dif- fer considerably ; but the title is sufficient to distin- guish them. In one, on one side of the Anchor (Al- dus's symbol) is Aldus ; and on the other, Ma. Ho, In the other Edition Al is on one side of the An- chor, and dus on the Other. fol. Basil. 1 532. An excellent Edition. It contains the Commentary of Ulpian, and is very correctly printed. It sells for ll. Is. : Gr. 3 vol. 1 2mo. a Feliciano. Lib. ra- riss. Venet. 1 543. 1 III part of his estate. His rising talents were, however, impeded by various natural defects, but which he overcame by dint of resolution and unwearied atten- tion. He declaimed by the sea shore, that he might be used to the noise of a tumultuous assembly ; and with pebbles in his mouth, that he might correct a defect in his speech. He practised at home with a naked sword hanging over his shoulder, that he might check an ungraceful motion to which he was subject. He confined himself in a subterraneous cave, to devote himself more closely to study ; and to check all inclination to appear in public, he shaved one half of his head. In this solitary retirement, by the help of a glimmering lamp, he composed the greatest part of his orations, which have since been the admiration of all ages. His abilities as an orator raised him to consequence at Athens, and he was soon placed at the head of government. In this public capacity he roused his countrymen from their indolence, and animated them against the encroach- ments of Philip of Macedonia. In the battle of Cheronaea, however, his eloquence could not supply the want of courage, and he saved his life by flight. After the death of Philip, he declared himself warm- ly against his son Alexander ; when the Macedo- nians demanded of the Athenians their orators, De- mosthenes reminded his countrymen of the fable of the sheep which delivered up their dogs to the wolves. By the prevalence of party, however, he was forced to retire to Trcezen in yEgina, where, it is said, he lived with more effeminacy than heroism* L2 112 D E When Antipater made war against Greece, after the death of Alexander, Demosthenes was publicly re- called from his exile, and a galley was sent to fetch him from JEgina. His return was attended with much splendour, and all the citizens crowded at the Pirasus to see him land. But his triumph and po- pularity were short. Antipater and Craterus were near Athens, and demanded all the orators to be de- livered up into their hands. Demosthenes fled to the temple of Neptune in Calauria : when he saw no hopes of safety, he took a dose of poison, which , he always carried in a quill, and expired on the day that the Thesmophoria were celebrated, A. A. C. 322. The Athenians raised a brazen statue to his honour, with a suitable inscription. Demosthenes has been deservedly called the prince of orator. Indeed no orator had ever a finer field than De- mosthenes in his Olynthiacs and Philippics, which . are his capital orations; and undoubtedly to the greatness of the subject, and to that integrity and public spirit which breathe in them, they owe a large portion of their merit. The subject is, to ex- cite the indignation of his countrymen against Phi- lip of Macedon, the public enemy of the liberties of Greece ; and to guard them against the treacherous measures by which that crafty tyrant endeavoured to lull them into a neglect of their danger. Cicero calls him a perfect model, and such as he himself wished to be. These two great princes of eloquenc t have been often compared together ; but the judg- ment htsitates to which to give the preference. , The Archbishop of Cambray, however, seems- to have stated their merits with great justice and per- spicuity in his Reflections ion Rhetoric and Poetry '. " I do not hesitate (says he) to declare, that I think Demosthenes superior to Cicero. I am persuaded no one can admire Cicero more than I do. He adorns whatever he attempts. He does honour to language. He disposes of words in a manner pecu- liar to himself. His style has great variety of cha- racter. Whenever he pleases, he is even concise and vehement ; for instance, against Catiline, against Verres, against Anthony. But ornament is too vi- sible in his writings. His art is wonderful, but it is perceived. When the orator is providing for the safety of the republic, he forgets not himself, nor permits others to forget him. Demosthenes seems to escape from himself, and to see nothing but his country. He seeks not elegance of expression ; un- sought for, he possesses it. He is superior to admi- ration. He makes use of language, as a modest man does of dress, only to cover him. He thunders, he lightens. He is a torrent which carries every thing before it. We cannot criticise, because we are not ourselves. His subject enchains our attention, and makes us forget his language. We lose him from our sight : Philip alone occupies our minds. I am delighted with both these orators ; but I confess that I am less affected by the infinite art and mag- nificent eloquence of Cicero, than by the rapid sim- plicity of Demosthenes." Encyclop. Pctthen. 1.3 m d e Thoma Dempsteri, a Mures k de Etmria Regali, libri vii. nunc primum editi, curante Thoma Coke. Florentia?, 1723 et 1724, 2 vol. fol. Annalium Typographicum Michaelis Maittaire, Supplementum adornavit Michael Denis, Aug. a Cons, et Biblioth. Palat. Custos. Vienna?, 1789, 2 vol. 4to. An elaborate and accurate work, essen- tially necessary to complete Maittaire's great and useful work. Flavii Lucii Dexteri Fragmenta omnimodae His- torian, cum M. Maximi Episc. Caesar-augustani con- tinuatione, 4to. Hispali, 1624. Flavius Julius Dex- ter was Prefect of the Pretorium under Theodosius the Great. To him St. Jerom dedicated his treatise concerning ecclesiastical Writers. The above work, attributed to him, is the forgery of some ignorant monk, in the lowest ages of Gothic barbarism. Disputatio de Supposito in qua plurima hactenus inaudita de Nestorio tanquam orthodoxo et de Cy- rillo Alexandrino, aliisque Episcopis Ephesi in Syno- dum coactis tanquam haereticis demonstrantur ; "ut soli Scripture sacrae infallibilitas asseratur : auctore Davide Derodon. Francof. 1645, 8vo. This work is very scarce. It was burnt at Nismes, where the author lived, and the booksellers fined 1000 livres, for having sold only a few copies of it. Osmont. Renati Descartes Principiorum Philosophic More Geometrico Demonstratae, per Bernardam Spinosam. Accesserunt ejusdem Cogita metaphy- sica. Amst. 1667, 4to. Scarce. Rtne Descartes was born in Touxaine in 1596, D I 115 and died at Stockholm in 1650, in the 54th year of his age. His history is well known in the literary- world, and too long to be inserted here. He was a man of an astonishing depth of mind, and compass of thought ; such an one, whose fellow cannot be expected to appear on earth more than once in a century. Pespont. See Bibliotheca, vol. 2. p. 16. Dialogus Creaturarum Moralizatus, cumfiguris t Paris. 1481, fol. A work scarcely ever to be met with. Osmont. Edmundi Dickensoni Delphi Phscnizicantes, sive Tractatus in quo ostenditur Grcecos quicquid apud Delphos celebre erat a Josue Historia scriptis- que sacris effinxisse. Cum Diatriba de Noe in Ita- lian! adventu, necnon de Origine Druidum. Oxon. 1655, 8vo. Scarce and airious. It was printed also in Crcenii Opuscula Fasciculus 1. Rotter. 1693, 12mo. This Collection of Crenius comprises the most scarce and curious tracts on subjects of philology and sacred criticism that could be met with. It forms 11 volumes, 12mo. Dicearchi Siculi Geographica quaedam, et alia, ab Hen. Slcph. Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Parisiis, 1589. - Status, Graeca?, cum Versione et Notis Johannis Hudsonis ejusdem Dicearchi Descriptio Montis Pelei : in the Geographic veteris Scriptores Greeci Minores. Oxon. 1698 1703, 4 vol. 8vo. Prsemissa est Henr. Dodwelli^ Dissert, de Dicearcho cj usque Fragmentisv Dicearchus flourished about 320 years beforef- 116. D I Christ. He was a celebrated philosopher, historian, - and mathematician, and one of the most renowned of Aristotle's disciples. He wrote a work in 3 books, on the Republic of Sparta, which the magistrates caused to be read publicly every year, for the in- struction of the young Spartans. Latin. Dictionaries. . The first book of this kind is the Catholicon of Johannes Balbus, commonly called Johannes del Janua, or Jannensis, from his country : it was re-, markable from its appearing in the very infancy of printing, viz. 1460. See Catholicon. Next to tliis stands Johannes.de Garlandio, an Englishman, who flourished under Harold, about the year 1040; he was a great grammarian, chymist, mathematician, and divine : he wrote a book about words synony- mous and equivocal, which was printed at Cologne in 1490, and again at London by Richard Pynson . in 1496: he wrote besides Dictionarium Akhymis ticum, which I cannot find was ever printed. The preface to Stephen's Thesaurus, London Edition, mentions several, which I think useless to record here, as their works have been superseded by better However, I shall not omit Johannes Tortellius of Arezza, and his work, which was a kind of gram- matical commentaries, and received due applause. Junianus Mains, a Neapolitan, follows Tortellius; he had a great reputation for his skill in Latin, and; ether languages ; his 1 Dictionary was first printed at ; Naples, in folio, in .1480. After him, we have^n D I 117 account of the famous John Reuchlin, or Capnio, who was the author of a dictionary much admired in those times, but tainted, as Erasmus observes, with the barbarism which then prevailed Nicolaus Perottus, archbishop of Siponto, whom his contem- poraries have commended as a man of great learn-- ing, and perfectly acquainted with the Latin tongue: he wrote Commentaries, or rather Scholia, on Mar- tial ; to which he gave the title of Cornucopia ; wherein he explained the nature of the Latin phra- ses, and the proper significations of words. From him Calepinus, who is so well known to the world, took most of those things which have raised his re- putation to such a height. His work has run thro* a great number of Editions j but the first, which was in folio, printed in the year 1502, is become very scarce: See Calepint. After Calepine's Lexicon is placed Nizolius's The- saurus Ciceronianus, or a Dictionary of all the words contained in that author, explaining almost all the, elegancies in the Latin tongue. It was printed at Basil, in folio, 1530, and, 4to. 1537. It afterwards , run through many Editions, being increased by the . industry of various editors until 1513, when M. Lu- cius, Professor of Basil, published it in 2 vol. fol. un- der the title Thesaurus Lingua Latina Bipartitus, containing also a collection of words from other wri- ters. Robert Stephens, the most learned printer of his time, follows according to date. His Thesaurus is one of the greatest proofs of his judicious and in- defatigable labour. It has gone through several US D T Editions : the last the author lived to see, was the famous one of Lyons, 1573, 4 vol. fol. Many Dic- tionary compilers have raised up piles inscribed with their own names out of the materials they stole from Stephens' work ; particularly CceMus Secundus Curio, who, disliking the words Thesaurus et Dictionarium, devised a new title, and published at Basil, 1576, in 3 vol. fcl. Thesaurus Lingua Latina, sive Forum Romanum. Theodosius Trebcllius was the author of Prompt uarium Lingua Lati?ia, 1569 ; of which Robert Stephens himself complained, as of a book taken out of his, and shews in what manner the alte- rations had been made, the better to disguise it. But the following work of Stephen Dolet, or Doletus, must be excepted from the general censure of pla- giarism. Steph. Doleti Commentarii Linguae Latina?, Lugd. 1536 38, 2 vol. fol. This is allowed to be a mas- ter-piece of typographical excellence, and is very scarce and very dear. See Doleti. Hitherto the Latin Lexicon writers, from Perotl downwards, kept nearly in the same road, and con- sidered the vast collections of words they made much in the same light, till Basil Faber arose, and became the founder, as it were, of a new school ; for he, disdaining to tread the same common tract with those who had explained Latin words to the capacities of children only, resolved to consider that language critically, which put him on searching into, and illustrating the terms made use of in arts, trades* sciences, &c. confirming what he advanced by many D I 119 and apposite examples, together with apophthegms, short histories, and such extracts as could stand for authorities. In England learning made but slow advances till' near the middle of the 16th centuty. The first La* tin and English Dictionary published here, was that by Sir Thomas Elliot, a learned knight in the court of king Henry VIII. who published Dktionarium Latino-Angl. in folio, A. D. 1541 ; which was af- terwards revised, and with the addition of 33,000 words, sent forth in 1552, by Thomas Cooper of Oxford, afterwards advanced to the See of Win- chester by queen Elizabeth, who again, in 1514, put forth this book, under the title of Elliots Biblic- theca Opera et industria Thoma Cooperi Magda* lensis. After these came a crowd of authors, who drew their labours into a narrower compass, as Tho- mas ThoviasiuSy whose book was very much im- proved by Philemon Holland ; John Rider > Thomas Holy oak) for de sacra SuercuJ Elisha Cole, Francis Gouldman, of Christ's College in Cambridge, who served himself of all that had gone before ; so did Adam Littleton, and the author of the Cambridge Dictionary, which is now but in small esteem; though this author had the advantage of the famous John Milton* s collections, whose knowledge in this way was certainly very extensive. Littleton's Dictionary is still looked upon as a useful book : the best Edition is 1723, and the last 1735. In 1736 Aimworth published the first Edition of . 120 D I of his Dictionary, 4to. which is dedicated to Dr. Mead. It has since gone through the hands of various editors, with improvements ; particularly Dr. Ward, professor of Gresham College ; Dr. Pa- trick, of the Charter-house ? the Rev. Mr. Young, Mr. Thomas, and others. The Rev . Dr. Morell has published several Editions, with enlarged and useful improvements ; the best of which is dated 1783. See Ains worth. Dictionarium, 4to. Venet. Colon. 1471. 141. Comment. Donati, fol. No date. 2l. 5s. Graecum, cum Interp. Latina Cyrilli Opusculum de Dictionibus Ammonius de Diffe- rentia Dictionum Vetus Introd. Prafectorum Mi- litum, &c. Gr. Lat. Aid. 1497. 31. 3s. Edit. prin. Gr. fol. Aid. 1534. 31. 3s. et Accessionibus, G. Budcei, Gesneri, Constantini, et aliorum, fol. Basil. 1563. ll. 8s. - Groeco-Latinum, post Correctiores Bu- dcei, Constantini, et aliorum, edente Cdlario. Bas. 1684. 21. 10s. ' ' Dictys Creiensis. See Dares. Didymus Alexandrinus Theologus, Liber tres de Trinitate, a Jo. Aloysio Mingarello, Gr. et Lat. fol. Bon. 1769. Liber adversus Manichceos, Gr. et Lat. In the Bibliotheca Patrum Concionatoria, a Fr. Cumbefisioy Par. 16fl2, fol. Another of this author on the Holy Sptrit, and on the Cayionical Epistles, may be found in the Bibliotheca Patrum. Didymus Alexandrinus was born about A. D, D I 121 510, and died in 395. He lost his sight when about five years of age, and yet acquired vast information in sacred and profane literature, in the Mathema- tics, and especially in Theology. He was teacher in the public school at Alexandria ; and among his dis- ciples were Jerome, Ruffinus, Palladius, and Isidore. Didymi Comment; See Greek Commentators on Homer, vol. 3* p. 35. L.Joan. Diecmanni, Schedrasma de Naturalis- mo, cum aliorum turn maxime J. Bodini, ex Opere ejus manuscripto de abditis rcrum sublimium Ai ca- ms. Jena?, HOG, 4to. Phytanthoza Iconographia, sive conspectus aliquot millium Plantarum, Arborum, Fructicum, Florum, Fructuum, Fungorum, &c. a Joan. Guil. Weinman- no Cotlectarum, vivk coloribus representatae per Bart. Stnter inn, Jo. El. Iiidijigerum, et Jo. Jac, JIaidium, Pictorcs et Chalcographos Augustanos. Quorum demoninationes Characteres, Genera Or- dine ac Serie Alphabetico, cum probatissimo usu medico, pharmaceutico, chirurgico, ac ceconomico Latino et Germanico idiomate explicantur, a Joan. Georgia Nicolao Dietrico. Ratisbon. 1737 1745, 8 vol. sometimes bound in 6. This is the most elaborate and m-ist beautiful work of the kind that has ever appeared. It contains 1025 copper-plates, beautifully engraved, and coloured after nature : and these plates contain 4617 different figures. To be perfect, the jirst volume of the letter-press shoultji lirtVe, 1st, A frontispiece, representing the Zodiac,, yertumnus, JTlora, Janus, Sec. 2d, A beautiful print M m ft I of Ambrose Charles Bieler \ and, 3dly, another of Weinman, the original author. The famous Hatter has introduced the work with a learned preface, which should appear at the head of vol. 1, in French and German. On large paper it has sold for 301. sometimes 401. Ludovici De Dieu Apocalypsis, Syr. Graec. et Lat. Lugd. Bat. Elzev. 1627, Uo.TheJirst Edition of the Apocalypse in Syriac. Grammatica, Heb. Chald. et Syriac. Lugd. Bat. Elzev. 1623. Historia Christi Persice, conscripta a Patre Hie- ronymo Xavier, Latine reddita, et cum Animadver- sionibus Lud. De Dieu. Lug. Bat. Elzev. 1639, 4to. This contains also the history of St. Peter, in Persian and Latin, and also a Grammar of the Per- sian language. < Grammatica Linguarum Orientalium. Francof. 1663, 4to. Critica Sacra, sive Animadversiones in loca quaedam difficiliora Veteris et Nov. Testamenti, Editio nova. Suffixa est Apocalypsis Syriaca, quam ante aliquot annos ex Manuscripto Josephi Scaligtri auctor primus edidit, Versione Latina Notisque illus- travit. Amstel. 1693, fol. Lewis de Dieu was a protestant divine, born at Flessingen, in 1590, and Divinity Professor in the Waloon College at Lcyden. Perhaps no man ever possessed a more consummate knowledge of the ori- ental languages than De Dieu, nor employed his knowledge to more useful purposes. His Critica, VI 123 Sacra is an excellent work, and his Historia Christi, Persicc, &c. is a very useful work for all those who study the Persian language. The author died in 164-2, aged 52 years. Digestorum, seu Pandectorum, libri 50, ex Flo- rentinis Pandectis representati. Florent. 1553,5 vol. fol. 71. Best ditimu Joan. Jac, Dillenii Hortus Elthamensis, seu Plantarum rariorum quas in horto suo Elthami, co- luit Jacobus Sherard, delineationes et description es ; quarum historia vel plane non, vel imperfecte a Bo- tanistis tradita fuit. Londini, IT 3 2, 2 vol. cum fig. Historia Muscorum, in qua circiter Sexcentae Spe- cies veteres et novae ad sua genera relataj describun- tur, et iconibus genuinis illustrantur, cum Appendice et Indige Synonymorum. Oxon. 1741, 2 vol. 4to. cum fig. Reprinted in 1763, but very inferior to the jirst Edition. This work is highly prized, Dinarghi, Lycurgi, &c. Orationes Political, ab A. Miniati, Graec. etLat. 8vo. Hanov. 1619. Also among the Oratores Vtteres Principes, Gr. et Lat. fol. Hcnr. Sieph, 1515, Dinarchus was a Grecian orator, who flourished about 340 years before Christ. Of sixty-four Ora- tions which he composed, there are only three re- maining. Dinus de Regulis Juris Romae, per Magistrum Adam Rot, anno 1472, Mercuriales Quasstiones su- per regulis Juris Joannes Andreae, cum Emendatio- nibus Hieronymi Castellanis, 1472. Tractatus Ifcirthcepollae de .Verona de Servitutibus urbanorum M2 124 b i et rusticorum Praediorum, Roma?, 1473, fol. - The first Edition of these three works, sold at the Vallierian sale, bound together, for 260 livres. Diocletiani (Therma) quales hodie etiamnum extant cum flguris elegantissimis, aeri incisis, 1558, in fol. maximo. Diodorus Sinopus. Among the Peet Th. Al- dohrandinus, Meric Ca&aubon, &c. The Various Readings of the Greek Text of Laertius, drawn from a Collation of the Cambridge and Arundelian mss. with the Aldobrandinian Edition of that author, are likewise inserted here. To the whole is subjoined a History of the Ladies of Antiquity, who rendered themselves famous by their close application to the study of philosophy, written by the above-mentioned Atgidius Menagius. The Prefaces of all the former Editions, together with a Catalogue of all those Edi- tions, are prefixed to this work, and, at the end, are added copious Indexes. The book is adorned with prints of the heads of all the philosophers mentioned by Laertius, extremely well done, and taken from the most valuable antique gems, medals, he. to be met with in the cabinets of the curious. Nothing can exceed the beauty and elegance of the paper and types. Dioo. Laert. a Longolio> Gr. et Lat. Svo. Curiae Regnitianae, 1739, 2 vol, . Gr. etLat. Svo. Lips. Ilh9. -This is a very commodious Edition of ZX Laertius; and printed on better paper, and with a better type than they usually employ at Leipsic. A Latin Translation of this writer, published at Venice, 1490, 4to. ll. 15s. Diog. Laert. Tentatus in Dissertatione de Scrip- 128 D I toribus mytho'ogicis, praefixa historiae poetic* Scrip- toribus antiquis, cura Thoma Gale, editis Parisiis, 1675, 8vo. cap. 3. De Diogeni Laertii ^Etate conf. Hen, Dodwcll. in exercitatione secunda de ^Etate Pythagoras Philo- sophi. Lond. 1704, 8vo. p. 185 191. A learned Illustration of some places in Diogenes Laertius was published at Rome, in a piece entitled, T Ignatii Rossi Commentationes Laertiante, 8vo. Roma?, 1788. A valuable work. Diog. Xaert. de Vit. Philosoph. e Grseco Latine redditus interprete Ambrosio Camaldulensi : item Epistola ad Cosmam Medicem, Editio princeps. Venet. per N. Jenson, 1475. 5l. 5s. Diogenes Laertius was an Epicurean philosopher, born in Cilicia. He flourished about A. D. 193. His Lives of the Philosophers, which is the only original piece of theicind we have to depend on, is in many respects very valuable, though written in a fiat style, generally without method, and often in- exact. He endeavoured to make verses, and intro- duces them often into his work ; but they are even worse than his prose. He had also made a book of Epigrams, which he often quotes. Eunapius did the same for the later philosophers which Diogenes Laertius did for the elder. From both these works Mr, Stanley compiled his invaluable History of the Philosophers, Lond. 1687, fol. Adagia sive Proverbia Gracorum, ex Zenobio Diogeniano etSuida, ab And, Schotto, Gr. et Lat Antv. 1612, 4to. D I 129 Epistola ad Diognetum, et Oratio ad Graecos, ab Hen. Stephana, Gr. etLat. 4to. Par. 1571, 1592; This is a precious relic of the zeal and wisdom of the first ages of Christianity. It has been ordinarily attributed to Justin Martyr, and inserted among his works; but it has sufficient internal evidence to prove that Justin was not the author. Tillemont has endeavoured to prove, that it was written before the destruction of Jerusalem, and the Abbe Boni\% of the same opinion ; but Basnage has confuted this sup- position. Lardner allows it to be very ancient, and to have been written at least before the time of Con- stantine. Dion Chrysostomi Opera, Gr. 4to. Edit-princeps* Mediolani, Dionysius Paravisinus, 1476. In this year the same press produced the Greek Grammar of Lascaris, which was the first book printed in Greek. Orationes, Gr. 8vo. Venet. apud Aid. 1551. .# Gr. Svo. Venet. Frid. Turris. sine anno. ab Jo. Casaubono, Gr. et Lat. fol. Par. 1604, 10s. 6d. Good Edition. Orationes 4, Gr. 4to. Paris. Wechel. 1533. Very scarce. Dion, surnamed C/irysostom, (golden mouth) be* cause of his eloquence, was a native of Bythinia, and flourished under Trajan, about A. D. 100. He was at first compelled to abandon Rome by Domi- tian, who mortally hated him. To preserve his life, he was obliged to disguise his name and birth, and wander through different cities and countries, often 130 D I begging his bread, and at other times labouring in the fields, to procure himself the necessaries of life. When Doraitian perished, and Trajan came to the throne, Dion returned, and was immediately taken into favour. This prince was exceedingly fond of Dion, and used to take him into his chariot, that lie might have the opportunity of conversing with him. It is said, he even caused him to ride wth him in his triumphal car. Literature has seldom been thus highly honoured. Dion Cassius, Historia Romana, Gr. fol. Editio princeps, R. Stephan. 1548. Gr. et Lat. Hen. Stephan. fol. 1592, 2 vol. in 1. 18s.- 1591. 16s. a Leunclavioy Hanov. 1 606. a Nicol. Carminio Falconio, Neap. 1747 49, 2 vol. fol. An important work. Libri tres ultimi, Gr. et Lat. 4to. ab eodem, Roma?, 1724. a Reimaro, 2 vol. fol. Hamb. 1750 52. 5l. 5s. This is one of the most correct and valuable Greek books ever published. The notes contain a treasure of erudition. Historian Epitome, a Joanne Xiphilino, Gr* R. Stephan. 4to. Paris. 1551. 10s. 6d. Gr. et Lat. Paris. 1552. John Xiphilin was nephew to one of the same name, patriarch of Constantinople in 1064. Xiph- lin's Abridgment is well made on the whole, but he adops the prodigies and puerilities of his author. C. Julius Csesar Nomismaticus, sive Dissertatio DI 131 Historic* Dionis Cassii Scriptoris Graeci selectiora Gommata, C.J. Csesaris ortum, dignitates, connubia, jnteritum, rogum et apotheosin complexa nomisma- tum demonstratione illustrans, J, Scobaldi Fabricii. Londini, i78, Svo. Dion Cassius was a native of Bythinia, and a per- son of high respectability with several Roman em- perors. He was made a senator by Pertinax, raised to the consulate by Severus, made governor of Smyr- na and Pergamos by Macrinus, and governor of Africa, Dalmatia, and Pannonia, by Alexander Se- verus. Dion returned to Rome, where he was made consul the second time in A. D. 229, and soon after retired to his own country, where he died. He com- posed his Roman History in 80 books. It began with the arrival of /Eneas in Italy, and ended with the reign of Alexander Severus. The first 34 books are entirely lost. The 20 following, from the end of the 3 5 th to the 54th, are complete. The six foU lowing are imperfect, and we have only some frag- ments of the last twenty. Dion spent six years in collecting the materials of this great work, and twelve years in arranging and composing the history. Dion's style is allowed to be clear, his maxims solid and judicious, /^nd his diction fluent ; but he is ac- cused of being credulous, superstitious, and partial. He takes C r nuara, in Gui^ ;Beveregii Pandect. Canofl. Oxon. 1672, fol. torn. 2d. par. 1. p. 17. Dionysius Alexandrinus succeeded Heraclius in the patriarchate of Alexandria, A. D. 247. He died in 264. His works are all lost, except the few frag- ments mentioned above. Dionysii Cartkusiani, contra Alchoranum et Sec- tam Machometicain et de Bello instituendo adver- sus Turcas, &c. Colon. 1533, 8vo. A scarce and curious treatise. The author was a Catthusiaij monk, of Ruremonde. He died in 1471. Diophanti Al&mdnni Mifarx&fa?., Qy. et Lat fol. Paris. 1621. ,-Gr.ctLat. fol. Liber rarus. Tolosaf, 1670. 10s. 6d. Dionysius Halicarnassensis Antiquitatum Roma- narum, libri 10, Gr. Editio princeps, fol. R. Steph. Paris. 1546.- -One of the most . beautiful books th* Greek press ever produced. -ri Libri xi. a Frid. Sylburgio, Gr. et Lat, 2 vol. fol. (A good Edition.) Francof. 1586. ll. Is. Gr. et Lat. fpl. Lips. 1691. This Edi- tion of Dionysius Halicarnassensis is in every re- spect the most wretched Edition of a-Greek book that a scholar can be condemned to read ; yet it of- ten sells for ll. Is. -a Jo. Hudson, 2 vol. fol. Gr. et Lat* Oxon. 1704. 6l. 6s. This most beautiful and su- perb Edition of Dianysius does great credit to the University of Oxford, and to the learned and labo* D I .137 rious Editor. A magnificent copy, printed on large paper, was sold at Dr. Askew's sale for 15l. Dionys. Hal. Antiq. Roman, libri x. Gr. et Lat. 6 vol. 8vo. a Reiske, Lipsia?, 1774 1777. 31. 3s. de Structura Orationis, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Lond. 17Q2, and Lond. 1728- with Notes by Up- ton. 3s. 6d. This book may be deservedly reckon- ed Diony silts' $ master piece ; which has been the more valued by the learned, .because it is the only ancient book extant pn that subject. Mr. Upton corrects the mistakes of Lindenbrogius, Vossius, Torrentius, Stephanies, &c. with much learning and great deference. He strengthens his author's criti- cisms, by producing parallel places from Quintilian, Cicero, Petronius, Longinus, Aristotle, and others. The version is entirely Upton's own, which Dr. Hudson calls versionem feliciter adornatam. At the end of the book is added, Simon fiircovins's instances from Latin authors, corresponding to the Greek j and two useful Indexes, one Latin, and the other Greek. Few Editors have shewn equal learn- ing and judgment, no one greater, than Mr. James Upton. Vita Isai et Dinarchi, a Petro Victo- rio, Gr. 4to. Lug. 1581. Epistola ad Gn. Pompeium, et alia cum Maximi libello de oppositionibus, ab Henr Steph. Grace. 8vo. Par. Car. Steph. 1554. Avery rare book. 1 Judicium de Lysia, ex codd. et inge- N 3 133 D I nio refectum, cum eruditis Jo. Taylori, et Jer, Marjclandi notis, Londini, 1739, 4to. Homeri Poeta; Vita, quamDioNYsio Halicarnas- seo Thomas Gale tribuit in ejus opusculis, Amstel. 1638, 8vo. de priscis Scriptoribus, Gr. et Lat. ab Holwell, Svo. Londini, 1766. 5s. Edith altera, 1778, 8vo. de antiquis Oratoribus, Gr. et Lat. cura Edw. Rowe Mores ^ Oxon. 1781. 6 s. This work consists of two parts. The first contains critical Observations on the writings of Lysias, Isocrates, and Isasus. The second, on Demosthenes and Di- narchus. But in both these articles there are seve- ral mutilations. The late Mr. Mores had this work first printed at Oxford in the year 1749 and, while he was employed in preparing it for the press, wrote to several learned men in different parts of Europe, in order to procure any information, which might be of service to him in completing his Edition. But he met with no success. As he intended to subjoin some annotations, he postponed the publication, though it does not appear that he ever executed his design ; at least, nothing of that nature was found among his papers, except some remarks on the mar- gin of a copy of Hudson's Edition, which was pur- chased, at the sale of his books, by some person un- known. The reader will much regret the want of those excellent observations, which might have been expected from the very learned and judicious Mr. Mores. D I 139f Dionys. Hal. Originum, sive antiquitatum Roma- narum, Edit. princeps y Latinc, interprete Luppo Bi- rago, fol. 51. 5s. " Imprcssum Tarvisii per Ber- nardinum Celerium de Luere, Anno Christ. Nati m,cccc,lxxx. Bissext. Martias Joanne Mocenigo Venetorum duce Inclyto." Dionysius Halicamassensis was born at Halicar- nassis, a townofCaria; it was also the birth-place of Herodotus. He left his own country about 30 years before Christ, and settled at Rome, where he learned the Latin language, and remained 22 years consulting the Greek and Latin authors for mate- rials for his great work, the Antiquities of Rome, which he composed in 20 books, 1 1 of which only are extant : they bring down the history of Rome, but to the 3 1 2th year after its foundation. Henry Ste- phens observes, " The best Latin historian of Rome is Titus Livius ; and the best Greek, historian, Dio* nysius Halicamassensis.'* The style, however, of the two authors is very different. Livy is allowed to be lively and majestic, while Dionysius is feeble and tedious. What they have in common^ is an ex* cess of credulity. Diet. Hist. Bibliotheca Capuchinorum, a Fratre Dionysio Genuensi. Genev. 1 69 1 , fol. Bar. Diomedus, doctissimi ac diligentissimi Linguae Latinze perscrutatoris, Opus de Arte Grammatical Editio vetus et primaria, Nicol. Jenson Gallici, circa an. 1472, fol. de Arte Grammatica, 4to. Vine. Henr, fol. 1478. a Ilier. JRoscio t Gr. 4to. apud Aid. 1518, 10s 6d. 1529; 1529. Parisiis, 1549. a Jano Cormrio, Gr. 4to. Basilca?, a Vergilio, Gr. et Lat. fol. Colon: a Jo. Ruellio, Graec. et Latin. 8vo, Gr. et Lat. Saraceni, fol. Francof. 1598, 10s 6d. Edit. jopt. Latine, Impr. Collar, J47S.-rFir*t X,atin Edition. Varyxws* Dioscorides flourished under Nero and Vespasian* about TO years after Christ. He was born in Cili- pia, and was atijrst by profession a soldier, but this he laid aside for the study of botany. There was formerly a great .dispute between Pandidphus Col* lenujius, and Leonicus Thomxus, and their respec- tive partisans ; the former asserting that Pliny co- pied Dioscorides, the latter, that Dioscorides had borrowed his work from Pliny : perhaps neither of the opinions is true. Diphili Fragmenta. Among the Porta minores Grpci, Cantab. 1635, &c. 8vo. Dissert at 10 perjucunda qua anonymus probare nititur, mulieres homines non esse, Hagas, 1632, l2mo. Lib. rai\ 142 D O DissertaTio Singularis de Existentia Animatum antequam in Aspectabili.hu] us vitae Theatro compa- reant, 1672. Liber ranis. Diversorum Poetarum Veterum in Priapum Iu- sus, 12mo. Venet apud Aldum, 1534. This book sold at Mr. Beauclerk's sale for lis. Dolabella. See Scriptores de He Agraria; Stephani Dqleti, Commentariorum Lingua? La- tins, Iibri duo. Lug. 1536 38, 2 vol. fol. Sold at the Vallierian sale for 320 livres. A finely printed work. The author had intended to add a 3d vo- lume. Perhaps his untimely death prevented him. Extremely scarce. cum Animadversionibus Antonii Birrii, fol. Lond. 1734, 4 vol. a Joan. Matt. Gesnero Iocupletatus et emendatus, fol. Lips. 1749, 4 vol. Comment! Lingua; Lat. Epitome duplex. Basil. 1537 et 1539, 2 vol. Svo. This is an abridg- ment of the preceding, and much esteemed ; bnt it is rarely complete, the 2d volume being very scarce. Formulae Latinarum Locutionum illustrio- rum. Lugd. excudebat idem Doletus, 1539. A good Edition, and scarce. ' i Phrases et Formula? Ling. Latin, elegan- tiores. Argent. 1576, Svo. de Imrtatione Ciceroniana advcrsus Desid. Erasmum, pro Christ. Longolio, Lugd. 1535, 4to. Hare and curious. ' Aurelii Carminum, libri iv. Lugd. 1538, 4to. Rare* D O 143 Steph. Dolet. de Re Navali. Lugd. 1537, 4tO. Rare and esteemed. : ' J i Cato Christianus, id est Decalogi Exposi- tio,&c. Lugd. 1538, 8vo. de Officio Legati Liber. Lugd. 1541, 4to. Scarce and much esteemed. Genethliacum Claudii Doleti, Stephani filii: Liber Vitas communi imprimis utilis et necessarius autore patre, apud eundem Doletum. Lugd. 1539, 4to. Lib. rar. Steph. Doleti Orationesxluae inTholosam. Ejus- dem Epistoiarum, libri duo, &c. absque ulla nota, 8vo. Framed Falesii, Gallorum Regis, Fato- rum, libri ires, Carminibus Latinis conscripti. Lugd # 1539, 4to. Stephen Dolet was born at Orleans in 1509. He is reported to have been the natural son of Fransis I. by a ycung woman of Orleans, named Cureau. He was an eminent Latin scholar, a poet, orator, and printer. He was accused of heresy, and condemn- ed ; though his only crime appears to have been his sending a packet to Paris of what the priests chose to call heretical books. He was publicly burnt at Paris, Aug. 3<1, 1546, in the 36th year of his age. M. A. de Domtnis, de Republica Ecclesiastica, libri x. Londini, 16,17, and 16!<20; et Francof. 1658, 3 vols. fol. Scarce A severe and formidable at- tach on the church of Rome. Dohgami (FabuUe) with jEsop, supposed to 144 J&g have been printed by John Zeiner, an ancient piin* ter of Ulm, about A. D. 1470. Donatus, Editio Tabellaris, sine ulla nota. Of this celebrated work every 1 Bibliographer speaks, and acknowledgers it to be one of the first efforts- at printing by means of letters tut on wooden blocks. It has been printed with several titles, such as Dona- tus ; Donatus Minor; Donatus pro puerulis ; DottATT Arsy &c. but the work is the same, vit. Elements of the Latin Language for the Use of Chil- dren, The following are the principal Editions of this curious book; - 1. Donatus, 4to. sine ulla nota, Charactere Go*' thico Missalium majore crasso, et in Tabtrfts-Lig- neis insculpto. The character is allowed to be very similar to that of the Bible mentioned in this work y vbli 1 . p. 1 S5. Both are sifp^Os^d'to be the produce of the Fausta-Guttembergidn- press at Merits, about A. D. 1450. 2. Donatus, sine ulla nota. Character Missa* Uum minore, &c. This consists of 28 pages ; the character similar to the preceding. Meeiman, Orig. Typogr, vol. 2. p. 220. Tab. II. gives a fac simile of a fragment of this rare work, and which he attri- butes to Laurence Coster. But others, supported by more respectable documents, believe it to have been the first attempt made by /. Gutiemberg, at Strasburgh, between 1436 and 1439. 3. Donatus Minor, &c. 4to. sine ulla nota. In a Gothic character, similar to that of the Psalter printed by Fust in 1457. In the first page there is D O 145 9 wooden cut, representing a school-master ; and in the 2d, a figure of St. Jerom. 4. Donatus Etimologizatus, 4to. sine ulla nota. It contains 1 2 leaves, is done in a Gothic character, and the initials are similar to those of the Bible printed at Mentz, in 1462, by Fust and Schoiffer. See vol. 1. p. 186. 5. Donatus Etimologizatus, 4to. sine ulla nota. The character is Gothic, but more elegant than that of the preceding. It consists of 24 leaves. In the first page there is a cut, representing a master teaching his scholars. 6. Donatus Etimologizatus, 4to. sine ulla nota. -r-With a German interpretation. 7. Donatus Minor, 4to. Hafnia;, Gvtfridus de Ghemen. In Gothic characters. Printed about the year 1491. 8. Donatus Minor, cum Remigio ad usum Scho- larum Anglicarum Pusillorum, 4to. Westmonasterii in Donio Caxton, sine anno. It is in Gothic cha- racters, and contains 14 leaves. In this book the. declension of some of the pronouns is very remark- able. N. Ego. G. Mei, vel mis. N. Tu. G. TM vel tis. N. 2uis, vel que, vel qua. Quod, vel quid. PL. D. et Ab. Quis, vel quibus. Also nostras and vestras are declined throughout without the neuter gender. .9. Donatus Minor, &c. 4to. sine anno, Noviter Augusta?, impressus per JoamiemSckonsperger. In Gothic characters; done probably about the Year 1493. O 146 D O 10. Donatus Minor, 4to. Coloniae, 2uentet. 14-57. The above Edition is said to have been seen at Dresden, in the year 1722, by Mr. La Croze and Mr. Duchat. But there is undoubtedly a mistake somewhere, either in the account or in the date; for k does not appear that 2uintel printed any book with a date at Cologne previous to 1479. 11. Donatus Minor, sine ulla nota. This is supposed to have been done by Sweynheim and Pannartz, with metal types. It is not likely that a perfect copy of this is extant. The fragment pos- sessed by Mariangelus Accursius, was probably of this Edition. 12. Donatus Grammaticus, Allegorice Traduc- tus, fol. sine ulla nota. The types are those of Gun- terZainer, who was a printer at Augsburg in 1468; It consists of 7 leaves. Denis mentions another Edition, in Gothic characters, which he supposes was printed in 1470. It consists of 28 leaves. Donati Grammatica, 4to. Venet. Erhardus Rat- dolt. 1481. fol. Augusta?, Herm. Kastetin, 1481. Gothic letter. 4to. Reuthlingen, Jo. Olmars, 1485. 4to. Venet. Thtod. de Rtgazonibus de Asula, 1491. Connected with Marci Ca touts Mo* rum Jnstructio. Grammatical cum vulgari cxpositione, 4to, Ulma?, 141*7. ab Hermann/} Buschio, 4to. sine loco, 1511. d o in Don ati Gram. Lat. Polon. etGerm. Svo. Cracov. 1559. This famous book is not merely a collection of rules, to teach children how to read, as several have supposed ; but it is a collection of grammatical tracts, viz. De Litteris, Si/ Ha bis, Pedibus, et Torus i De Otto Partibus Orationis ; De Barbarismo, So- laccismo, Schematibus, &c. all of which have been printed a vast number of times, unitedly and sepa- rately, with and without comments, and now trans- lated into a great variety of languages. ' Methodus, 8vo. Francof. 1519. Methodus, 8vo. Vratislaviae, 1539. 8vo. Magdeb. 1585. De Barbarismo, Soloecismo, Schemati- bus, et Tropis, a Jo. Casario, Svo. Colon. 1536. United with Diomedus de Arte Gravimatica. ab eodera, Svo. Lipsia?, 1542. With Diomed. De Litteris, Syllabis, Pedibus, et Tonis, 8vo. Basil. Adami Petri, 1527 with Victorinus de Metris. Libellus de Barbarismo, 4to. sine ulla nota. A very old Edition. Donatus de Differentia Vocabulorum, 8vo. Lug. Bat. 1600. Qucestiones Grammatkales^ super Donatum, 4to. sine ulla nota. An Edition of the 15th cen- tury. Fabularum Breviatio Ovidii Nasonis, 4to. Petrus Maufer Normannus Rothomagensis Civis, sine ann. Peter Maufer printed at Padua from 1474 till 02 MS D O 1479; at Verona in 1480; and at Venice in (lie same year. 4to. absque ulla nota. This work was printed again, with the name of Luctantius, or Lac- tantius, an ancient scholiast. Donati Commentarii in quinque Comoedias Te- rentii, fol. sine ulla nota. At the end it has the following distich : Qui cupit obstrusum frugem gustasse Terentii Donatum quaerat noscere Grammaticum. This work appears to have been executed with the types of John Mentellin of Strasburg. The origi- nal Edition, probably executed previous to 1460. John Mentellin is supposed to have been one of the companions of Fust and Schoiffer. Some make him the inventor of printing, but without any probable ground. The above work is extremely scarce^ and has been first mentioned by the Abbe Boni, Bib, Port. vol. 2. p. 274. Commentarii in quinque Comoedias Te- rentii, fol. Romas, Sweynheim et Pannartz, 1471. fol. Venet. Vindeiin de Spira, sine anno. ' This may be distinguished from the other by the verses of Raphael Zovenzcvius, which it contains. It js much more elegant than the Roman Edition, and probably more ancient. Another Edition, with the verses of Zovenzonius, is mentioned in the Pinellian Catalogue, but it is different from the above. fol. Mediol. Anth. Za rottus, 1476. These Commentaries were often printed with the Text of Terence. See Terentius; one of the best E4*r DO U9 tlons of which is that of Robert Stephens, Parisiis, 1536. Donati Commentarius in Virgilium, fol. Venet. 1529. For those Editions, connected with the Text of Virgil, see the article Virgilii Opera, j^lius Donatus, to whom the above works are attributed, was a Roman Grammar'an, who flou- rished in the 4th century, or about A. D. 320. He is said to have been one of the preceptors of St. Je- rom. He wrote Commentaries on Terence and Virgil, but they are lost: those which go under his name are spurious. That on Terence was probably written by Evanthius. Alexandri Donati, Roma vetus et recens, utrius- que edificiis illustrata. Amstel. 1695, 4to. Ad novum Thesaurum veterum inscriptionum Ludovici Antonii Muratorii Supplementum, Collec- tor Sebast. Donato. Lucae, 1765, fol. Guil. Dondini Historia de Rebus in Galla, gestis ab Alexandro Farnesw, annis 1560 et 1561. Rom. 1673, fol. cum fig. Vita Comitisste Mathildis Carmine heroico, a Sebast. Zengnagelio> 4to. Ingolstadii, 1612. This work was written by a priest, called Donnizonius, or Donnizo, who flourished under the emperors Hen. IV. and V. about A. D. 1 130. Baronius con* siders him an author of great respectability. Joan. Bapt. Doni, de praestantia Musicae veteris, libri tres. Florentiae, 1647, 4to. The first Edition of this work is in Italian, printed at Rome in 1635, 4to. Very scarce. 03 150 DO Doni Inscriptiones antiquae, cum notis Jo. Ant. Goriie. Florcnt. 1731, fol, cum fig. Rare. Casparis Dornavii Amphitheatrum Sapientias Socraticas joco serial; hoc est, Encomia et Com- mentaria authorum quibus res, pro vilibus aut dam- nosis habita? stylo patricinio vindicantur et exornan- tur. Hanovias, 1619, et in 1670. Edit. opt. fol. Compendium Theologicae Veritatis (Hugonis Ar- gcnlin.) cum Tabula Materiarum per ordinem al- phabet! redacta, per Thomam Dorniberg de Me-- mingen civitatis Spirensis, fol. circa annum 1474. Dorothet Sermones 24, de Vita recte et pia in- stituenda, Latine, Roma?, Aldus, 1561. Connected with Salvianus, Maximus, and others. > a Chrysostomo Calabra, Latin. 8vo. Crema?, 1595. The Editio Groeco-Latina of these sermons, writ- ten in a very plain and simple style, " ma pi'eno di unzione, but full of unction," (says the Abbe Boni) may be found in the Bibliotheca Patrum, illustrated with notes, by Balthazar Corderius. Dorotheusyvas a Greek author, who presided over a monastery in Palestine, about A. D. 560 ; some think in 650. Dorothei, Tyri Episcopi, Tractatus de lxx Do- mini discipulis, Graece cum versione Latina, et ob- servationibus, Guil. Cave ; in Hist. Litter. Script, Eccles. Qxon. 1740, fol.. yol. 1. p. 164 172. D'Orville (Jacobi Philippi) Sicula, in quo opere Siciliae veteris rudera, additis Antiquitatum tabulis, illustrantur j cum numismatibus, necno'n D R 151 eommentario Petri Burmanni Secundi, Amstelod. 1 764, fol. A work, full of erudition, arid much es* teemed. Fragmentum veteris Jurisconsulti, a Dosith.eo' magistro servatum, a Matth. Ro'uer, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Lug. Bat. 1739. ' Dositheus lived under Septimus Severus, about' 207 years after Christ. DoujATiiPrasnotionum Canonicarum etCivilium, libri 5, Par. 1687, 4 to. Dounami (Georg.J Episcopi Derensis, Papa Antichristus, Lond. 1620, 4to. Reliquiae antiquae urbis Roma?, quarum singulas ad vivum delineavit, dimensus est, descripsit, atque in ass incidit Bonaventura D'Overbeke, Amstelod. 1709, 3 vols, in fol. max. cum fig. Rare and much esteemed. Johannis Draconitis Opuscula Bibliorum Pen- taplorum. Geneseos Patriarchal sex ; Adam, Noah, Abra- ham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph ; cum Translationibus fontis Hebraici, Chaldaica, Latina, Germanica, ac Explicatione Grammatica Linguse Sancta?, Viteberg. excudebat Jo. Crato, 1563, fol. The author had proposed to go through the whole book of Getiesis on the same plan : but he only went through the jive first chapters. His death, which happened three years after the publication of this first part, pre- vented the completion of the work. Jesaias Hebraice, cum Versionibus Chaldaic. Gr. Lat. Germ, ac Explicatione Grammatica, Lips. 1563, ap Jo. Rambam, fol. 152 D R Joel Hebraice, cum Versionibus, &c. Vitebergae, ap. Crato, 1565, fol- consisting of 20 leaves. Mfchas, ibidem, eodem anno, et apud cundcm, fpl. 30 leaves. Zacharias, ibid. eod. an. et ap. eund. 77 leaves. MalachiaSy Lips. ap. Jo, Rambam, 1564 26 leaves, fol. Psallerlum, Vitebcrg. ap. Crat. 1563, fol. Proverbia Salomonis y ib. Crat. 1564, 118 leaves, fol. Opuscula h was a Benedictine of St. Germain de Pies. He died iu 1614. Ducas, ab Ismaele Bullialdo, Graec. et Lat. fol. Par. 1649. See Byzantine Writers. Of the life of Michael Ducas nothing is known : but his work is of considerable importance. It is a history of the Greek empire, from the reign of Andronicus the El- der, till its ruin by the Turks. Du Chesne. See Chesne, vol. 2. p. 176. Duelli (Raymundi) Miscellaneorum Collectio D U 155 ex codicibus mss. 4to. Aug. Vindel. et Graecli, 1723 1724. Dudithii (Andrew) Orationes in Concilio Tri- dentino habita? ; Apologia ad Maximilianum II. Commentarius pro conjugii libertate, &c. studio Suirini Beuteri, Offenbach. 1610, 4to. Andrew Dudith was born at Bude in Hungary in 1533. He was an excellent Greek and Latin scho- lar, and cultivated poetry and eloquence with con- siderable success. Ferdinand II. with whom he was a great favourite, gave hjm the bishopric of Tina in Dalmatia in 1560, and the clergy of Hun- gary deputed him to the council of Trent. After his return he became a protestant, gave up his bi- shopric, and married one of the ladies of honour to the queen. He is said to have been so fond of Cicero* that he wrote the whole of that author's works thrice with his own hand. He died in 1589. Dufresne {Caroli) Domini Du Cange Illyricum retus et novum, sive Historia Regnorum Dalmatia?, Croatia?, Slavoniae, Bosnia?, Servia?, atque Bulga- ria?, &c. Pasonii, 1746, fol. Sometimes this vo- lume is joined to the Bj/zanti?i Writers. See Du Cange, vol. 2. p. 125. Rogeri Dodsworth et Guliehni Dvgdait , Mo- nasticon Anglicanum, sive Pandecta? Ccenobiorum Benedictorum, &c. &c. a primordiis ad eorum usque dissolutionem, cum fig. a?n. Londini, vol. 1, 1655; vol. 2, 1661 ; vol. 3, 1673. fol. This is a work of uncommon merit, and extremely scarce. It was abridged, translated into English, and published, 456 P u Loud. 1718, 1 vol. fol. and 2 vols, were added by-wa of Supplement by Mr. Stevens, Lond. 172223. 3/r. Roger Dodsworth had the principal share in this work, He spent 30 years in collectings far and 'wide, the different charters, grants, records, &c. of which it is composed. Sir W. Dugdalc supervised the whole, and added much to every part j and Mr. Stevens has very nearly completed the undertaking in his supplementary volumes already noticed. The original work is extremely scarce, and very dear, and not always to be found complete. The 3d vo- lume is particularly scarce. Mr. Stevens's work is also uncommon j but the 2d volume is remarkably rare. Some Catholic writers say, that the reason why the Monasticon is so scarce is, the British go- vernment suppressed it, lest the popish religion should be again established in these nations ; and the clergy, knowing from this work the lands, &c. granted to the different religious houses, should be led to reclaim, them. This I believe to be a mere slan- der; for the only reason of the scarcity of the work js,, that there were few copies printed ; and that when its merit was known abroad, the copies were all eagerly bought up. This is the reason why the hook is perhaps more frequently to be met with on the Continent than in Great Britain. What a pity it is, that such an important work is not reprinted ! a work so essential, to the history (political, religious, and literary) of Great Britain. I/some public-spirited bookseller would come for- ward, and offer, a new Edition of the Mojiastico?i to I>U 157 tlie nation, I have no doubt but the public at large would favour the undertaking. In a new Edition the original materials might perhaps be better ar- ranged, the Supplement of Mr. Stevens incorporated with it, as also Mr. Dugdale's History of St. PauVs % Lond. 1658, fol. to which a Glossary should be an- nexed, to explain the difficult and obsolete words. Sir W. Dugdale was born in Warwickshire in 4 605, and died in 1686. He was a correct historian and profound antiquarian : he is author of several works, all of which are deservedly esteemed. Floriani Duli Tractatus de Sepulturis, Capellis, Statuis, Epitaphiis, et defunctorum Monumentis. Bonon. 1641, 4to. y/r/?7'DuMONSTiER,NeustriaPia seude omnibus et singulis Abbatiis et Prioratibus totitis Normandiae ipsorum Rectoribus, Privilegiis, &c. Rothomagi, 1663, fol. An important and valuable work, simi- lar in its plan to Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum. Duns (Johannis ScotiJ Opera omnia per Varios illustrata, Lugd. 1639, etann. seqq. 12 vols. One of the scarcest Collections appertaining to the class of theology. Quaestiones super primo sententiarum, ab Antonio Tronbeta emendatae, Venet. 1742. Liber rains. Commentarii in primam partem Sententia- rum studio Thomje Pe/reth, Anglici, Venetiis, per J. de Colonia, et Joan. Mant. de Geretzheim, 1477, fol. P 158 B U Duns Scot, in quai turn librum Sententiarum, Opus Anglicanum, 1474, fol. Quodlibcta (Venetiis,) Albcrtus Stendal, 1474, fol. Quodlibcta, Venetiis, 1477. This Edition was finished at the expence oi'John de Colonia, and Jnhann. Manthcnde Gherretzen, Oct. 27th, 1477. The book is very scarce. Quest, in Tertium Sentent. Venet. 1478. This Edition of Duns Scotus was finished at the ex- pence of Johannes Agrippensis and Johannes de Gherretzcn, about the beginning of January, 1478. Very scarce. John Duns, called Scotus from his being a native of Scotland, was a monk of St. Francis. He taught divinity at Paris, and took on him to controvert some of the opinions of Thomas Aquinas. His op- position, which was supported with a great deal of scholastic learning and subtlety, produced the two -famous sects known by the name of Scotists and Thomists. He died at Cologne in 1308. Dunstani {Sancti) Opera, Duaci, 8vo. 1626. St. Dunstan was a relative of Athelstan king of England, and was born in 924. He was archbi- shop of Canterbury, and the restorer of monastic institutions in England. The Catholic writers say that he was the restorer of literature also. But the protestants assert that, by promoting the building and endowment of so great a number of houses for the entertainment of useless monks and nuns, he be- came the instrument of diffusing through the coun- D U 159 try a spirit of irrational and unmanly superstition, which debased the minds of the people, and became fatal both to the interests of true religion and solid literature. The history of his life, given by the monks, is a shameless, ;ind, in several respects, blasphemous legend. Durandi Rationale Divinorum Officiorum, Mo- guntia?, per Johannem Fust ct Pttrum Schoiffer de Gernzheim, 1459, fol. Editio princeps. Exem- plar splendidissime impression in membratiis, cum Uteris initiallbus depictis Est vero liber ob insig- nem raritatem celeberrimus. Edwards's Catal. 1794. This book (of the earliest date in the art of print- ing except the Psalters of 1457 and 1459) exhibits a degree of perfection in typography, which has scarcely been surpassed by the subsequent profes- sors of the art. Some of the pages are printed with ink of three different colours, and yet the exactest lineation and strength of colour has been preserved. It contains 1 60 leaves, and finishes with the follow- ing colophon : " Pnesens Racionalis divinorum codex officio- rmn, venustate capitalium decoratus, mbricationi- basque distinctus, adinventione artificiosa impri- viendi ac caraclerizandi t absque calami exaracionc sic effigiatus, et ad eusebiam Dei industrie est con^ summatus, per Johannem Fust, civem Magunti- m, et Petrum Gernzhcim Clericum Diocesis ijusdem, anno Domini millesimo quadringenlesimv guinguagesimo now, sexto die Octobris." P 2 160 D II This fine copy sold for 1261. but at Dr. Askew's sale it only brought 61 1. Durandi Rationale Divinorum Officiorum, ch. max. Roma?, 1473. This Edition of Durandus was finished at Rome by Udalricus Callus Alama- nus, and Simon Nicolaus de Luca, June 23, 1473. fol. sine ulla nota. Very old Edition. Norimberg. 14S0, Venet 1485, Arg. 1484, 1486, 1493, Basil. 1488, Norimb. 1493, Lugd. 1516, Venct. 1519, Lugd. 1551, 1565, 1568, 1584,1592, Ant. 1570, Venct. 1572, Lugd. 1G05, fol. All these Editions are scarce, per Georg. Laur de Her bipoli, Roma?, 1477, 21. 2s. Small folio. Speculum juris Roma?, 1474, fol. William Durand was born at Puimoisson, in the diocese of Riez. He was bishop of Mende, and died in 1296. Duranti (Castor) Catechesis de Sanitate, Svo. Venet. 1596. lib. rar. The author was physician to Pope Sixtus Quintus. He believed rats, frogs, and hedge-hogs to be wholesome food, and as such recommended them. Duranti (Johannis Stephani) de Ritibus Eccle- &ia? Catholica?, libri tres, Roma?, ex Typographia Vaticana, 1591, Svo. John Stephen Duranti was first president in the Parliament of Henry III. king of France in 1581. While endeavouring to appease a mutiny of the people during the rage of the League, he was shot by one of the rcbete, and afterwards naangled in a D U 161 most barbarous manner, being stabbed in some hundreds of places. "When the troubles were ap- peased, a tomb was raised to his memory with the following pathetic inscription: Conditus exigua magnus Durantus in urna, Dormit soporem ferreura. Secla peremerunt hunc ferrea: ferreus ille est Qui novit ista nee gemit. Unanamquejacet Patriae decus orane suaeque Et Crimen Urbis et Dolor. Dur.ei (Jo.) Irenicorum Tractatuum prodromus in quo praeliminares continentur tractatus de, 1. Pa- ds ecc'.esiae remoris e medio tollendis. 2. Concor- diae evangelicae fundamentis sufficientur jactis. 3. Reconciliationis religiosae procurandae arguments. 4. Methodo investigatoria ad controversias omnes sine contradicendi studio, et prcejudicio pacifice de- cidendi, Amstel. 1662, Svo. John Durteus, or Durey, was a Scotch protestant divine of the nth century. He was a person of great abilities, and of a pacific spirit. He laboured much to reconcile the Lutherans and Calvinists, &c. but to little purpose. Icones Principum, Virorum doctorum, Pictorum, Chalcographorum, Statuariorum, necnon Amato- rum Pictoriae artis numero centum, ab Antonio Van Dyke, Pictore ad vivum expressaj ejusque sumpti- bus aeri iwcisae, Antv. fol. Durer, see Albertus. Dynamii (or Dinamii) Grammatici Epistola. amon^ the Paraenetici I r etercs t a Melch. Jlaimins- fcldio Goldasto, 4to. Insula?, 1G04. 1*3 ( 162 ) E A E, /ADMERI Opera, a Jo. Seldeno, fol. Londini, 1623 j He is found also with the works of St. An- sclm, Paris. 1675 and 1721. See Anselmi Opera. Eddmer was an English monk of Cluni, in the monastery of St. Saviour at Canterbury, abbot of St. Albans, and afterwards archbishop of St. An- drews in Scotland. He was a disciple of St. Anselm, and died about 1137. His works contain, 1. A treatise on the liberty of the church. 2. The life of St. Anselm : and, 3d. A history of his own times. ' Ebermayer, see Bayer, vol. I. p. 171. " Leges Francorum Salica? et Ripuarium, &c. stu- dio Jo. Georg. Eccardi, Franco f. 1720, fol. An esteemed work. Corpus Historicorum Medii yEvi, sive Scriptores &e Rebus in Orbe universo, praecipua? in Germania gestis, a temporibus Caroli Magni ad flnem saeculi 15 ; a Jo. Geor. Eccardo. Lips. 1723, 2 vol. fol. de Origine Germanorum, libri duo, Ha- liov. 1750, 4to. Historia Francise Orientalis, Virceburg, 1729, 2 vol. fol. Origines Austriacae, Leips. 1721, fol. John George Eccardwas born at Duingen, in the dutchy of Brunswick, 1674, and died at Wurtsburg in 1730. He was a very celebrated historian,' and intimate friend of the famous philosopher Leibnits. E C 163 EcHARTi (Henrici) Hessi, Papa, Pharizaizans, qui non tantum juratum Papistarum et Pharisceorum conspirationem ac syncrctismum prodit. sed lernum insuper errorem corruptelarum et abominationum indoctrina, vita, moribus, &c. Jena?, 1605, Svo. Eckstormh (Henrici) Chronicon Walckenri- dense, Helmstad. 1617, 4to. Lib. rariss. - Eckhell, Num. veteres Anecdota ex Museis Ca?- sareo Vindob. Vien. 1775. 10s. 6d. Catalogus Musa?i Ca?sarei Vindobonen- sis Numorum veterum Urbium, Populorum, Regum etRomanofum, 2 vols, fol Vindob. 1779, 2l. 2s. One of the most correct and complete catalogues of ancient coins hitherto published. Sylloge Numorum Veterum Anecdot. Thesaur. Caesarei, Vien. 1786. Ejusd. Specimen Artes Critical Numar. fig. Vien. Roma?, 1786. 7s. 6d. Doctrina Numorum Vet. 2 vol. 4to. 1794. 11. lis. 6d. Eclog.e variorum, 8vo. Flor. Junta, 1504. This rare collection contains the Eclogues of Virgil, A' a Guil. Ran- chino, 4to. sine alia nota. See Salvius. Egbertus de Ecclesiastica institutione, with Bedas Epistolae et Vita, a Jacobo Warao, 8vo Dub- Iini, 16C4, et 8vo. Paris. 1666. Grammatical Gronlsndico-Danico-Latina, edita a Paulo Egede, Hafn. 1750, 8vo. De Miscellarteis Germanise Antiquitatibus Disser- tationes, ab Henr, Eggelingio. Bremae, 1694, 3 vol. 4to. Georg. Jos. ab Eggs, Pontificum Doctorum, sive Vitae, Res gestae, oblitus aliaque seitu ac memoratu digna Summorum Pontificum Romanorum, eorum- que praecipue qui ingenio aut doctrina claruere, Co- Ionia?, 1718, fol. ./EginetjE (Pauli) Opera Medica, Gr. fol. Vert. Aid. 1528. This is the best Edition of Paulus JEgincta. Kow scarce it is may be seen in Boer- haave's Treatise De Methodo Studii Medici. Venet. Gr. 1534, fol. Less valuable by far than the preceding. a Hieron. Gemusap, Gr. fol. Basil. 1533. This the Abbe Boni styles Ottima Edizione. de Facultatibus Alimentorum with Apicius de Re Coquinaria, Svo. Lugd. 1541. Pau- lus JEginet. de Re Medica, Lat. Bas. 1551, fol. For other Latin Editions see vol. 1. p. 11. E G 165 PauU surnamed sEgineta, because born In the isle of Egina, now called Engia, was an eminent Greek physician, of the 7th century, under Cimstan- tine Pogonatus. His works contain curious and in- teresting matters, to which the moderns are a good deal indebted. Eginhartus de Vita et Gestis Caroli Magni ; cum Comment. J. F. Besselii, et notis Bollandi. Accesserunt Melchioris Hamen. Veltonis Goldasti Animadversiones. cum variis Dissertationibus, eu- rante Jo. llerm. Schminckio, Traject. ad Rhenum, 1711, 4to. Eginhardi Epistola?, fol. Francof. 1714. . Eginhard was a German nobleman, bred up at the court of Charlemagne. This Emperor not only- made him his secretary, but gave him his daughter Imma in marriage. After the Emperor's death he turned monk, separated himself from his wife, and built the monastery of Selgenstat, of which he be- came the first abbot. He died in 839. His An- nals of France commence in 741, and end in 829. Historian Augusts Scriptores sex post Suetonium, cum adnotation. Jo. Bapt. Egnatii. Venet. Aid. 1517 et 1521, 8vo. These two Editions are allowed to have equal merit. ex recensione Egnatii. Florent. Hae- pedes Phil. Jwitse, 1519, 8vo. See Augusts, vol. 1, p. 135. Piscium, Serpentum, Insectorum, &c. vivis colon- bus depictis, edid. Nich. Frid. Eisenberger et Geor. Lichtensteger. Norimb. 1750, fol. 166 E L Eisenschmidii {Jo. Casp.) de Ponderibus et Mensuris veterum Romanorum, Grascorum, Hebrae- orum ; necnon de valore Pecunia? veteris disquisitis. Argcntor. 1137, 8vo. J. C. Eisenschmid was a German physician, born at Strasburg in 1 656, and died in 1712. He was an intimate friend of l)u Vtmmy and Tournefort. Elegiaca Grteca, cum notis, 8vo. Oxon. 1159. Element a Historian antiquae, G. A. Bautngar- ten Crusius, 2 vol. 8vo.Leips. 1778. The first part of these Elements contains the history of the an- cient nations prior to the Grecian aera: the second contains the Grecian history : to which is added an Appendix, comprising the history of the Cathagi- nians, and that of Numidia. In the second volume the learned author gives the Roman history from the foundation of the republic to the extinction of the eastern and western empires. Elementa Architectural civilis, ad Vitruviivett- tumque disciplinam et recentiorum praesertim a Pal- ladii exempla probatiora concinnata, ab Hen. AU drkh, Lat. et Angl. cum fig. elegantiss. Svo. Oxon. 1689. ll. 5s. Ecclesiastica Hist. Gcntis Anglorum, cum Para- phrasi Anglo-saxonico Elfredi Regis ; Sax. et Lat. Cant. 1644, fol. For an account of this eminent JJritish king, see vol. 2. p. 36. Elian. See ^Elian, vol. 1. p. 11 14. To Eliakim the Jewish high-priest, who lived about 650 years before Christ, is attributed Liber Judith, Graec. et Lat. fol. Ant. 1584, and always E L 16T published with what is called the Apocrypha. A Worthless legend. Eliot. See Biblia Americana, in vol. 1. p. 279. Elizabetha, see vol. 3; p. 14. Forma verse Religionis inquirendce et invenienda?, a Mich, tie Elizalde. Neapoli, 1 664, 4to. Lib. rar. Ellis (Jo.) de Dionaea Muscipula Planta irritabili nuper detecta, Epistola, Erlang. 1771, 4to. with a figure of the plant, coloured from nature. Elmacini (Gew'^yHistoriaSaracenica, Arabice, et Latine ; edente Thorn. Erpcnio, Lugduni Batav. 1625, fol. A curious and important work. George El-Makin was an Egyptian historian : he was secretary to the califs, though he professed the Christian religion. He died in 1238. Both he, and Ebn Batrifc, tell us of the curious method Con- stantine the Great made use of to convert the Jews to Christianity. As it was supposed that many of these had professed to be Christians while they conti- nued Jews in their hearts, swine's flesh was boiled, and cut into mouthfuls, and a portion placed at the door of every church. A 11 that entered were obliged to eat a piece of the flesh. Those that were Jews in their hearts refused : thus they were detected, and immediately put to death ! In that day, says El- Makin, a multitude of Jews was cut off! Elogia Ducnm Romanornm. Ab. Morcelli proves (in his excellent work De Stylo Inscriptio- num Latinariun, 4to. Roma?, 1781, lib. 1. p. 158. and lib. 2. p. 23 1 .) that this is the work of Octavia- nus C\es a r. See Oc r a vi an us. 168 E L Eloisa. See Abelard, vol. 1. p. 2. Elutherii (Augustini) Tractatus de Arbore Sciential Boni et Mali, ex quo Adamus mortem co- medit Muhlhusii, 1561, 8vo. Extremely scarce and curious. Vogt dates it 1651. Emilius Macer. See Macer. Emilius Probus. See ^Emilius and Cornelius Nepos. Empedocles de Sphtcra, Gr. 4to. Lut. 1587. This tract may be found among the Greek Mathe- maticians, and in the Greek Collection, Poesis Phi- losophical &c. Par. Hen. Steph. 1513, 8vo. Empedocles was a native of Agrigentum in Sicily, and disciple of Telauges, who had been disciple of Pythagoras. He was a philosopher, poet, and his- torian. He believed, like the other Pythagoreans, in the transmigration of souls ; and in one of his; own poems relates of himself, that he was at first a girl, next a hoy, then a shrub, next a bird, then a Jish, and lastly Empedocles. Some say, that going to examine the nature of the eruptions of mount sEtna, he was destroyed by the burning lava; others, that in order to be reputed a god, he threw himself into one of the craters on the top of the mountain ; but that one of his slippers, which was of brass, was thrown up with some melted lava, and thus the trick was discovered ! It is surprising that this ridiculous and self-confuted tale should be still credited by men of sense and learning 1 Some say he hanged him- self, others that he threw himself into the sea, &c. a sufficient proof that the manner of his death is EN IG3 unknown. He flourished about 440 years before Christ. Empyricus, see Sextus. Enarratio in Canticum Canticorum, a Michi. Ang.Giacomellio, Graec. etLat. 4to. Romae, 1772. Endelichii (Severi,) Carmen de moriibus Bourn cum vet. Gallia Theologortim Opusculis, a Pithao, Paris. 1586, 8vo. a Jo. JVeitzio, et Wolf. Sebero, 8vo. Francof. 1612. a Jacobo Gronovio, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1715. a Gerard. Outhovio, 8vo. Groning. 1721. At the conclusion of the tract, De judkiis. Jehova. ex Edit. Witzii et Seberi, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1745, Edit. opt. It is also found in the Btb- liotheca Patrum, Severus Endelichius was a native of Aquitain. * He.was a rhetorician and poet, and flourished pro- bably about 380 years after our Lord. The above poem describes a dreadful pestilence, which was mortal both to multitudes of men and cattle. Explicationes locorum veteris et novi Testamenti, ex quibus S. Trinitatis dogma stabiliri solet, auctore Georgio Enjedino, 4to. This author died in Hun gary in 1597. Enchiridion beati Augustiniy sine ullanota. Evidently printed with Ulric ZelVs typ, about 1466. A copy on vellum sold latelv for 121. 12s. Q 170 K N En Nil Fragmenta, a Hier. Columna, 4to. Neap. 1590. Editio princeps. 10s 6d. a Paul. Merula, 4to. Lug. Bat. 1595, 4s. 6d. Good Edition. Annaiium Librorum xviii. qua? apud varios auctores supersunt fragmenta, una cum reliquiis Epigrammatum et Trageediarum, in Maittairii Frag. Vet. Poet. Lat. Lond. 1713, fol. vol. 2. p. 1437. Fragmenta, a Franc. Hesselio y 4to. Amst. 1707, 10s. 6d. This is the Edit. opt. The Frag- ments of Ennius are here industriously collected, and very learnedly illustrated by Hesselius. Quintus En* wj was born in Calabria, about 239 years before Christ. He lived in Sardinia till he was 40 years of age : he was then brought to Rome by Cato the El* der, and became a great favourite of Scipio Africa- nus. He was properly the father of Latin poetry. He celebrated the victories of Scipio Africanus^ (Hor. 1. iv. Od 8.) and composed the annals of Rome in heroic verse, and died of the gout, brought on by excessive drinking, in his 67th year. Only a few fragments of his works remain. EnnodH (Magni Felicis) Opera, ab And. Scotio^ vo. Tornaci, 1610. a Jac. Sirmondo, 8vo. Par. 1642, Edit, vpt. These works aretoi>e found also among the Punegyrici Latini Ve teres. Ennodius was born in Italy, and on account of his talents and virtues was made bishop of Pavia, where he died in 521. His works contain, I. Nine books 4>f Epistles. 2. Miscellanies. 3. A Defence of the E P 171 Council of Rome, which had absolved pope Sym- machus, 4. Twenty-seven Declamations : and, 5. Poems, His Epistles are of use in shewing the his- tory of his times. Some eminent critics allow that his stvle is so rude and embarrassed, that it is with dif- ficulty that he can be understood. Epaphroditi Opera with Vitruvius flufus,8vo. sine loco, 1615. Ephori Fragments with Scylax, Graec, et Lat. 4to Lugd. Bat. 1697. Ephorus was an jEolian historian and orator, a scholar of Isocrates. He flourished about 352 years before Christ. He composed a history, which is bow lost. The ancients have spoken of it with much commendation. Ephraim {SanctiJ Sj/rus, Graece e codicibus Mss. Bodleianis, cura Edvardi Tkwaites, fol. Oxonia?, 1709.7s, 6d. A beautiful Edition. ab Assemano, Gr. Syr. et Lat. Roma*, 173246, 6 torn. fol. 5l. 5s. A very good Edition. Diaconi Sermones 19, ex Versione Ambrosii, MonaGh. Camaldulensis, Editio primaria* 21. 2s. fol. Flor. per Anih. BarL Mischom. 1481. This Latin version of Ephraim's discourses was done by Ambrosius Camaldulensis, Chrysolora's scholar, who was famous for his consummate skill in the Greek tongue. He died in the year 1490. This Edition was finished at Florence, Aug 23d, 1481, by Antoniw Bartholomcei Mischomini. ' - Iidem ex interpretation Ambrosii Ca~ maldulensis, Patav. 1585, 8vo. 15s. liber rar. Q 2 H2 K P The best Latin Edition is that of Fonius, printed at Cologne in 4to. 1616, and published by the Bene- dictines of St. Maur, in their Bibl. Patr. Ascet. foK Par. 166!. Ephraim was the son of a poor Syrian, and in his youth a very profligate character: at last convinc- ed of the iniquity of his life, he retired to the desart, and spent his time in humiliation and prayer, and that he profited much in these exercises, his works sufficiently attest. Perhaps no man, David except- ed, ever described more feelingly, and in more ap- propriate language, the sorrows of a penitent heart. He became deacon of the church of Edessa, but retired again to the desart towards the conclusion of his4ife, and there died about A. D. 379. The Edi- tion of his works by the learned Mr. Asseman, sub* librarian of the Vatican, is very complete. The three first volumes contain his Greek works ; the three last those written in Sj/riac : these are accom- panied with a Translation, Prolegomena, Notes, and, Prefaces. Ephraim was contemporary with Gregory Nj/ssen, St. Basil, and Theodoret. The former termed him, " The Doctor of the universe ;" the latter, " The Lyre of the Holy Spirit." Epigrammata Graeca, Gr. et Lat. Jo. Soteris, 12mo. Colon, ap. Jo. Soterem, 1525. Grseca Veterum elegantissima, Gr. et Lat. Jo. Soteris, 8vo. Colon. 1528. Cyri Theodoii Prodroma Epigrammata ut ve- tustissima, ita piissima, Grace, 8vo. Basil, ap. Jo. Uebeliuro, 1536. E P 173 Epigrammata Grasca Veterum elegantissima. Gr. et Lat. Jo. SoterU 8vo. Frib. Brisg. ap. Steph. Melech. Gravium, 1544. . et Poematia Vetera, Svo. Paris, apud Nic. Giiliura, 1590. Graeca, Interp. Stephani, 12mo. H. Steph. 1570. 5s. ; et Poematia Vetera, ex Bibliotheca et cum notis Petri Pilhoei> 1 2mo. Paris. 1 590. Liber rariss.. A most beautiful copy of this rare little book was sold at Mr. Beauclerk's sale for 31. 15s. Grsec. Veterum, et Camerarii et Mycilli, C. T. F. D. Bas. ap. Hervagium, 1538, 18s. et Poematia vetera, Lugd. apud Chonet. 1596, 18s. This Edition is something full- er, and also scarcer, than the Paris Edition of 1590. Graeca, Graec. et Lat. Jo. Brod selectisque aliorum docto- rum annotationibus recensuit, notis et indice illustra- vit Jo. UptonuSy Lond. 1739. Some copies have a changed title, with the date 1741. Dr. Harxood thought this the most perfect Edition ever given of a Greek ethic writer. Enchir. Ceb. Tab. Prodici Hercules et Cleanthis Hymnus, Gr. et Lat. Glasguse, Foulis, 1744, 12mo. Enchiridion, et Cebet. Tab. Glasguat. 1747, 12mo. 178 E P Epictet. Enchir. Ceb. Tab. et Tbeopli. Cha- ract. Gr. et Lat. Glasg. Foulis, 1748, 1758, l2mo. quae supersunt Dissertationes ab Ar- riano coHectee, Gr. et Lat. ex recens. Jo. Uptoni; Lend. 1751, 2 vol. 12mo. Enchiridion, Grsec. Glasg. Foulis, 1751, 24mo. A very correct and beautiful book. Enchir. Gr. etLat Glasg. Foulis, 1755, lano. Enchir. Gr. et Lat. ex editione J. Up- toni. Glasg. Foulis, 1775, 12mo. Havrici Dodwdli Dissertatio de ^Etate Epicteti ft Arriani, in Jo. Hudsoni. Geograph. Gr. minor. Oxon. 1-698, vol. 1. p. 106, etseqq. How highly this author is esteemed: by the Bri- tish, the preceding Editions prove. Epictetus was a Stoic philosopher, bora sometime in the 1 st century of theChristian aera at Hierapolis in Phrygia, and slave to Epaphroditus, a freed manbe-r longing to Nero. When Domitian banished all philo- sophers from Rome, about A. D. 94, Epictetus retired to Nicopolis in Epirus^ where it is supposed he died in a very advanced age. Others say he returned to Rome after the death of Domitian, and was in great favour with Adrian and Marcus Aurelius. Art-ion, his disciple, penned those discourses which he had heard delivered by his master, and which are styled the Enchiridion or Manual of Epictetus ; a book ift which heathen ethics have been raised to their utmost pitch of perfection ; and which no serious Christian can read without reaping great advantage. E P 179 Father Mourgues says, that an ancient Christian monastery had adopted the Manual of Epictetus for its rule, with some slight alterations. The two grand pivots, on which the whole of this great man's philosophy turned, were ANEXOr x attexoy, bear, and forbear. The philosophy of Epictetus is in genera! good; but without supernatural assistance, it isjmpracticablc . And were it even within the reach of men in general, the Christian morality is infinitely preferable. This has been often demon- strated. Rousseau's judgment of this work is pro- bably too severe ; but it should not be omitted. Dans sonfiegme sinxule Je decouvre sa col ere : J'y vois un Iwmme accable Sous le poids de sa miser e. Et dans tons ces beaux discours Fabriquts durant le cours -Tfune fortune maudite, Vous reccnnoissez toujours L'Esclave d'Epaphrodite. Epictetus was so greatly esteemed, that some time after his death, the earthern lamp which he used was sold for 3000 drachmas. Episcopii (Simonis) Opera omnia Theologica Curcellteizftite, Amst. Blaeu, 1 Paris. 1625. Optica et Catoptrica, Gr. et Lat. 4to. per Penam, Paris. 1557. 5s. This is the first Edition of these Tracts. Rudimenta Muices, Gr. et Lat. 4to. per Penam, Paris. 1557. First Edition. Liber varus. This is also among the Antique Musics Scriptorcs, Gr. et Lat. Lug. Bat. Elzev. 1652, 2 vol. Opera omnia, Gr. et Lat. fol. a Gregorio, Oxon.1703. ll. is. large paper, ll. 16s. to2l.2s. Ed. opt. Some copies have the date 1713. The Univer- sity of Oxford, intending to publish all the Greek Mathematicians, began with Euclid, as the stand- ard writer of the elements of geometry and arith- metic. In this Edition is published whatever has been believed to be Euclid's by any considerable mathe- matician : but many things having been attributed to Euclid that are not his, (as in after ages it happened to men of such established fame as he has been for above 2000 years) Dr. Gregory, in the Preface, after. a short summary of Euclid's Life, (as far as can be E U 19L gathere4 from the writings of the ancients, who were ashamed to set down particulars of him who was so much and universally known) gives not only a description of each particular book, but also his opi- nion whether it be truly Euclid's or not, with his rea- sons. First of all are the Elements, which make two-thirds of the whole volume. The first thirteen books are certainly Euclid's : the 14th and 15th are by most thought to be Ilypsicles's of Alexandria. There are no Scholia, no explications added to the Elements (being thought needless to a book of Ele- ments written with so much judgment as this is) nor any notes, except in some very few places, where there are Various headings that are material, or where the Text is manifestly corrupted. Next come the Data, which are undoubtedly Euclid's, yea, more undoubtedly than the Elements themselves. For many have said that Theon did quite change the Elements, and supply their demonstrations, but ne- ver any body questioned whether the Data are Eu- clid's. Dr. Gregory, in the Preface, compares this book with Pappus's description of it, restores some places in it that have been corrupted, and shews the use that the ancients made of these Data. The two Musical Tracts follow, which the Editor thinks are not both Euclid's; it maybe neither, as is fully set forth in the Preface. Next are Euclid's Phcenomina, which were never before published in Greek. This book is not doubted to be Euclid's, it agreeing with Pappus's description of it. Dr. Gregory has re- stored its own original figures, which Josephus 192 | U. Auria, in his Translation, had changed for others far less convenient and intelligible. After this comes the Optics and Catoptrics, which, if not spurious, (for Proclus indeed mentions books of Euclid con- cerning these subjects) are very much corrupted, as in. the Preface is fully shewn. To these arc added the Notes of the noble and learned Sir Henry Sa- vile, founder of the two mathematical chairs in the University of Oxford, which he wrote on the margin of his own book, and which shew that he was as great a master in mathematics as he was a patron of them. Next in order is the book de Dirisionibus. This commonly goes under the name Machometes Bagdedinus. But because there is no book extant of Euclid's with this title, although it is clear from Pro- clus that he wrote such a one ; and because Mr. John Dee, who translated it, thinks that this is Euclid's, it was thought proper to publish it here. To this also are joined some Notes of Sir Henry Savile, which exceedingly clear the matter. Lastly, there is a fragment, de Levi et Ponderoso, published by LLervagius in Latin, and by Tatraglia in Ltalian, which commonly passes for Euclid's. These two last are not to be found in Greek, they being lost if ever they were in that language. There are several other of Euclid's works, mentioned by Pappus and Proclus, that arc quite lost. These Dr. Gregory describes at length in the Preface, to which we remit those that are curious Philosophical Transactions, vol. xxiv. p. 1553 1560. This excellent Edition has scarcely left any thing undone, which the admirers of Luc! id can desire. E U 19* Latin Editions of Euclid. Euclidis Elementor. liber x. Lat. Pet. Montau.* rei, 4to. Par. ib. 1551. 5s. cum Scholiis Antiquis, a Commandino, fol. Pisauri, 1619. 10s. 6d, cum Scholiis Antiq. Lib. xv. Lat. Is. Bar- row, 8vo. Lond. per R. Daniel, 1 659. Elem. cura Simson, Glasg. 1756. 10s. 6d. Elementorum Geometricorum, Lib. xiii. A rabice, fol. Rom. in Typographia Medicea, 1 594. Euclid, the Mathematician, was born at Megara, and flourished at Alexandria under Ptolomy Lagus and Ptolomy Phiiadelphus, about 200 years before the Christian ana. He was the first who reduced Geometry into the form of a science. His Elements, in 15 books (the two last of which some ascribe to Hypsicles) are the most perfect work of the kind produced either by ancient or modern times, and appears so complete, that there is scarcely any room left to desire any thing more simple and more full. Proclus, his commentator, says that Ptolomy king of Egypt began to study Geometry under this great master, but being harrassed by the first diffi- culties, he asked Euclid, Ju tk tr vi^ ytttfttr^tfu n; r- X^oa-iui ^%x iUV f0o&>f : " Is there no easier way to ac- quire the Elements of Geometry ?" To which the Geometrician answered : Ovhpm $,', u (3*n\ti/y wg?s ysi'^ETfiay Ctfft^wn iSo; vunt^os, See. " O king, there is no royal path to Geometry:" intimating, that who- ever would learn it must first acquire the Elements; and in this, kings could have no privileged way beyond peasants. S 194 E U Eudoxus. Sec Hen. Dodwcll de vetcribus Gras- corum Romanorumque Cyclis, Oxon. 1701, 4to. Diss. 8. Sect. 13, 14. Eugafrii Comment, in Terentium, Lugd. Bat. 1686, 8vo. Eugenii Opuscula with Colwnban, Dracontius t and others, 8vo. Par. 1619. a Jac. Sirmondo, Svo. Par. 1620 with Dracontius. Eugenius, the II. Bishop of Toledo, died in 657. EuGifPii Thesaurus, ex S. Augustini Operibus, aJohaji. Heroldyfol. Bas. 1542, 2 vol. A very rare work, containing a compendium of what the author believed to be the most excellent parts of St. Augus- tine's doctrine. Eugippius was originally of Norica, but came to Italy in 488, and was afterwards abbot of Lucullano. When he died is uncertain. Eugubini Opera omnia, Venet. 1591, tomis 3, fol. Lib. rar. Eulerii (Leonhardi) Tentamen novae Theorias Musicac, ex certissimis harmonias principiis dilucide expositae. Petropoli, 1739, 4to. cum fig. This most eminent mathematician and excellent man was the son of a protestant minister, and was born at Basil in 1707, and died at Petersburg in 1783. He is author of a vast number of philoso- phical works, which have been translated into seve- ral languages. Eumenii Panegyricl Among the Panegyrici EU 1$5 Veteres in usum Delphini, by Father de la Baune, Par. 1676, 4to. Eumenii Panegyr, 8vo. Altdorph. 1716. JEumenius was descended from an Athenian fa- mily i and professed rhetoric at Autun, about A. D. 300. His most celebrated oration is that addressed to Riccius VaruSy praefect of Gallia Lyonese, pro re* staurandis Scholiis JEduorum, to induce him to *e- establish the public schools ruined by the barbarians which inundated Gaul. To help forward this good work, he devoted one whole year of the salary, which he had as chief secretary to the emperors. His style is allowed by good judges to savour a little of the decay of elegant Latinity. See Pane- cyrici. Eunapii Vitae Philosophorum et Sophistarum, ab Hadr. Junto, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Antv. 1568 72, 3s. Vitae Philosophorum et Sophistarum, ex edit. Hadiiani Junii, a Commelino, Gr. et Lat. apud Hieron. Commelinum, Heidelb.1596, 8vo. Better than the preceding Edition. Vitas Philosophorum et Sophistarum, ex Junii Editione Hadiiani, a Commelino, Gr. et Lat. Oliva, P. Steph. 1616, 8vo. ab eodem, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Genev. Cris- pin, 1616. jamblichi Chalcidensis Vita ex Eunapio Sardiano de Vitis Philosophorum, II. Junio interprete, Oxon. 1678, fol. Indices tres Vocum fere omnium qua? occurrunt, 1 . In Dionysio Longini Comment, de Sublimitate. S2 15 Orestes, ex recens. Bamesii, edid. Fa- cius, 8vo. Coburg. 1778. Orestes, ex edit. Jos. Bamcsii y Gr. et Lat. 12mo. Glasg. 1753. This is a very beautiful and correct Edition ; and it is much to be lamented, by the lovers of Greek literature, that the University of Glasgow, which has given the worid such excel- lent Editions of several of the Greek Classics, and E U SOI published jEschy lies and Sophocles, had not sufficient encouragement to publish Euripides in the same manner. Euripidis Hecuba et Iphigenia, Latinis Erasmi Versibus. Additur Erasmi Ode de laudibus Henrici (Septimi) Regis Angliae, et altera de Senectutis in- commodis. 8vo. ap. Aid. 1507. Liber rarus. Hecuba etlphigenia, Gr. ctLat. 12mo. ab Erasnio, Basil. 1524.- Liber rarus. Hecuba, Gr. et Lat. ab Erasmo, Paris. apud Morell, 4to. 1560. Hecuba, Gr. Paris. Morell. 1612. Hecuba, Orestes, et Phcenissae, Graec, et Latin. 2 vols, cum Schol. a King, Cantab. 1726, 2 vols, 12s. 6d. A valuable Edition. ~ - Hecuba, Orestes, et Phcenissae, 2 vols. Svo. Lond. 174S, 15s. Reprinted with the addition of the AlcestiSy with Scholia and Notes by Dr. Mo- rell, the author of the Thesaurus Grac Gx. -Svo. Ar- gentor. 1180. i f " ' ' Hecuba, Gr. ex recens. et c. not. Brunck, cura Martini, Svo. Lips. 1781. Hecuba selecta variatione Lection, et contin. adnot. illustravit C. F. Amnion, Svo. Er- lang. 1789. Hippolytus, Graec. a Musgrave, 4to. Oxon. 1756. 5s. Superior to all former Editions. Monthly Review. 208 1 u Euripidis Hippolytus, Gr. et Lat. a Valckenatr, 4to. Lugd. Bat. 1768. U. 5s. Hippolytus, praelectionem causa, cura- vit Martini, Svo. Lips. 1788. - Hippolytus, Gr. cum Scholiis, Versione Lat. Var. Lection. Valckenarii notis integris, ac se- lectis aliorum,quibus suas adjunxit F, Hen. Egcrton, Oxon. 1796, 4to. ll. 16s. Medea, Gr Paris. Morell, 1622. * Medea et Phcenissas, a Piers, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Cantab. 1703. Very correct. A copy of this Edition, in large paper, sold at Dr. Askew 's sale for 1 3s. - Medea et Alcestis, a Buchanano, 1 2mo. Edinb. 1722. Very correct. ' Medea, Gr. et Lat. 4to. London. 1734. 5s. and 1754. Medea, Gr. et Lat. 4to. Glasg. 1775. Medea, Gr. et Lat, ex edit. S. Mus- grave, Glasg. 1784, l2mo. Medea, Gr. et Lat. ex edit. Musgrave, c. not. Brunckii, Etonae, 1785, 8vo. 3s. Medea, Graece, cura Blumner, 8vo. Lips. 1194. Medea, Hippolytus, Alcestis, et Andro- mache, Gr. 4to. printed in capital letters, Flo- rence ; no date. Printed by Laurentius de Alopa* about 1494 or 1496, who printed the Anihologia, Apollonius Rhodius, and Callimachus, in the same superb manner. This magnificent book was sold at Dr. Askew's sale for 1 11. 5s. E U 203 Euripidis Cyclops. Gr. cd. et perpet. annot. illus* travit Hopfner, Sro. maj. Lips. 1789. Supplices, Gr. et Lat. a Markland, 4to. The 4to. Edition contains a grammatical treatise de Gracorum Declinatione imparisyllabica et indtfor. matd Latinorum tertia, and likewise Miscellaneous Observations on various Greek and Latin Authors. Lond. 1763, 15s. 8vo. Lond. 1755, 6s. Phcenissae, Gr. et Lat. a Grotio, Svo. Paris. 1630, and Amst. 1631. 3s. Phcenissje et Medea, a Barnes, Gr. et Lat. Lond. 8vo. 1715. 5s. Phcenissae, Gr. et Lat. a Valckenaer, 4to. Franeq. 1755. 15s. Phcenissae sunt in vivraXoynt, sive Tra- gcediarum Graecarum delectu, cum adnot. Jo. Bur- ton, Oxon. 1758, 8vo. Editio altera, longe auct. a Thorn. Burgess. Oxon. 1779, 8vo. 2 vol. Phoenissae, cum Scholiis, a Christ. Gott, Sch'utz, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Halae, 1772. Phcenissae, Gr. e recensione Brunkii, 8vo. Lips 179*. Phcenissae, Gr. et Lat. cum not. Valcke- naer, Lugd. Bat. 1802. 11. 5s. Electra, a Petro Victorio, 8vo. Editio princeps. Roma?, 1545. A copy of this scarce little Edition was sold at Dr. Askew's sale for ll. 12s. Electra, Gr. et Lat. 1 2mo. a Victorio, 1-546. .flilschyli Choepoii, SopUoclis Electra, et Euripidis Electra, Graece, in usum Scholae West- monaster. Oxon. 1729, 8vo. Euripidis Iphigenia in Aulide et Iphigenia r in Tauris, Gr. et Lat. a Markland, Svo. Oxon. et Lond, 1771. 6s. Reprinted incorrectly, Lond. 1783. Iphigenia in Aulide, Grace, recensuit, &c. Hopfner, 8vo. Hala?, 1795. Epistolae, ab Eilhardo Lubino, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Commelin. 1601. With the Epistles of Apollonius Tyaneus. Commentators on Euripides, see voL 3. p. 36. Euripides, the celebrated tragic Greek poet, was bom at Salamis in the 480th year before the Chris- tian sera. He learned rhetoric under Prodicus, morality under Socrates, and natural philosophy under Anaxagoras : but at eighteen years of age he abandoned philosophy for dramatic poetry, for which he was eminently qualified. He shut him- self up in a cave, and there composed his tragedies, which were greatly admired by the Greeks. The army of the Athenians, commanded by Nicias, ran- somed their lives, and regained their liberty, by re- citing the verses of this Greek poet. It is said that Socrates went to see his plays acted, and they were the only compositions of this kind ever counte- nanced by this eminent sage. Euripides was twice married, but both wives behaved so ill, that being exposed to the raillery of Aristophanes on the occa- sion, he retired to the court of Archelaus, king of Macedon, where he was well received. From the scandalous behaviour of his wives, he conceived considerable enmity against the whole sex, which frequently appears in his writings. Of 75 tragedies, EU 205 (some say 92) which he composed, only 19 remain; the chief of which are the Pha>niss be found in a work' entitled, Variorum Divinorum, T 206 E U sen Auctores Theologi Greeci varh\ Gr. 4to. Lugd. Bat. Elzev. 1619. Euseb. Commentarii in Psalmos et in Isaiam cum Athanasii et Cosmas vEgypti Opusculis, a Bern, de Montfaucon, Gr. et Lat. fol. Par. 1706, 2 vol. Chronicorum Canon um, libri duo, a Jos, Scaligero, Gr. et Lat. fol. Amst. 1658, in Thesaure Temporum. 7s. 6d. For different Editions of Eu- sebius's Chronicon sec Hieronymi Opera. We owe the preservation of this interesting work to St. Jerom, who not only translated, but has also consi- derably enlarged it. Onomasticon Urbium et Locorum sacrae Scriptura?, Gr. et Lat. fol. Par. 1659. 5s. Onomasticon Urbium et Locorum sacra: Scripturce, a Jo. Clerico, Gr. et Lat. fol. Amst. 1707. 10s. 6d. Historia Ecclesiastica, Gr. et Lat. Paris. Mob. Steph. 1544. Edit. prin. in which also Socra- tes and Sozomen were first published. ab Tien, Falesw, Gr. et Lat. 3 vol. fol. Parisiis, 1659.*-This Edition contains the other ecclesiastical historians also. 15s. et aliorum Historia, Gr. et Lat. Fatesii, 8 vol. fol. Mog. 1672. 15s. Historia Ecclesiastica et Vita Constantini, a Falesio, Gr. et Lat Par. 167, fol. a Guii. Reading, Gr. et Lat fol. Cantab. 1720. 31. 13s. 6d. large paper 41. 4s. A better Edi- tion can scarcely be expected. It was reprinted at Turin in 3 vol. fol. A very bad Edition. E U 207 Euseb. Hist, a Frid. And. Strotk, Gr. %vo. Halae, 1779. Canones, s. Indices decern harmonise Evangeliorum, cura prasmissa ad Carpianum Epis- tola : Prsefixi Jo. Millii Nov. Testamento, Oxon. 1707, fol. Argumenta ad Psalmos, edita a Jo. Er- nesto GrabiOy in praefat ad torn. 3. Versionis Graece Lxx. Interpretura. Lond. 1709, fol. and 3vo. Latin Translations of the Works of EusEBltfs. ' Eusebii Praeparat. Evangelica, Latine, fol. Ve- net. apud Jenson, 1470. Editio princeps. 21. 2s. - This ancient Edition has the following Epigram at the end : Antonii Cornazani m Loudon Artificis Epigram. Artis hie, # Fidei splendet viirabile Numen ; iluod Tama A'uctores, auget Honore Deos. Hoc Jenson Veneta Nicolaus in Urbe Volumen Prompsit, cuifelix Gallica Terra Parens. Scire placet Tcmpus? Mauro Christophorus Urbi ' Dux erat; aqua Animo Musa retecta suo est. Buidmagis Artijicem peteret Dux, Christus, et Auctor-; Tres facit aternos ingeniosa Manus-, M.CCCC.LXX. Lat. accedit Hieronymus de Viris illus- trious, et Augustin. de Mirabil. S. Script. Edtii* antiqua, sine anno aut loco. Historia Ecclesiastica, Latine, ex Versione Bufni Aquilejensis, Mantua?, per Johannem Schah turn, 1479, fol. T2 208 E U Eusebii Chronicon, H. Stephens, fol. Par. 1518, 10s. 6d. Very rare. de Morte Gloriosissimi Sancti Hieronymi, 4to 6s. sine anno aut loco. Edit, perantiq. Pamphili, Ruffini, Socratis, Theodoriti y Sozomehi, Theodori, Ev'agrii et Dbrothei Ecclesias- tica historia, sex prope Seculoram res gestas r ex >ide Graecorurh Codicum. per Jokan. Jacobum Gryrveum, locis obscuris innumeris illUstrata dubiis explicata, mutilis restituta. Chrohographia insuper jlbrahami Bucholceri ad annum Epochae Christians 1598 et Lectiopis Sacra? Historian luculenta mcthodo exornata cum continuatione in praesentem annum J 6 1 1 , Basileae, 1611, fol. A well edited collection of these ecclesiastical historians. Chronicon ab Arnaldo Poniaco editum, fol. Burdigalae, 1604. This Edition is recommended by Scaliger himself, who has made notes on this author. - Chronicon cum Notis Scaligen\ fol. Lugd. Eatav. 1653, fol. This is better than the Edition of 1604. Of Eusebius, the ecclesiastical historian, scarcely any thing relative to bis birth or parentage is known. He took the surname of Pamphylius y a priest of Caesarea, with whom he had formed the most inti- mate friendship. He was made bishop of Antioch, in 313, was present at the council of Nice in 325, and at the council of Antioch in 33 1 . He was high in the favour of the Emperor Constantine, and it is supposed he died about 333 or 340. Eusebius is E U 20? ^ .2 justly styled the father of ecclesiastical history. His. history begins at the birth of our Lord, and comes down to the defeat of Licinus. It is a work of con- siderable importance and value ; but every serious reader will note with concern the excessive credulity of the author. That Eusebius was an Arian, seve- ral have endeavoured to prove ; but this was need- less, the proofs of it are evident enough : but on this point it may be well to consult the following work : " Dissertatio de Eusebii Arianismo, adversus /. Cle- ricum y a Guil. Caveo, Lond. 1700, Svo." Before his Arianism was particularly noted, he was called saint, and placed by Usuardus in his Martyrology ; but Ba~ ranius struck out his name, and put Eusebius Samo- satensis in his place : he therefore with the Catho- lics now ranks among the heretics. His Evangelical Demonstration is an invaluable work : Dr. Har- wood observes, " It is a treasure of knowledge and good sense, and contains all the arguments in favour of the credibility and divine authority of the Chris- tian religion that have been advanced by Chandler, Leland, Benson, Butler, Brown, and other modern, advocates of Christianity against the Deists. Eustathius in Homerum, Gr. 4 vol. fol. Edit, princ. et opt. Romae, 1542 1550. See Commen- tators, vol. 3. p. 35. inDionysium, Gr. 4to, Par. Rob. Steph, 1547. A beautiful Edition. de Idiomatibus Linguarum, cum Con- stant. Lascaris Grammat. Gr. et Lat. Ven. Aid. 1512. S. P. N. Eustathii Archiepiscopi Antiocheni et T5 tio EU ,". Martyrfs de Engastrimytho Dissertatio adversus Ori- ginem, &c. In Criticis sacris, Lond. 1660, fol. torn. viii. p. 331 458. Eustachii Tabula? Anatomies with Manget's Theatrum Anatomicum universale. Genev. 1716, 2 vol. fol. cum fig. Tabula; Anatom. Originales, cura Caje~ tani Petrioli, (fine pi.) fol. 1741. 7s. 6d. Tabulae Albini, Leid. 1744. 18s. Best Edition. Erotiani Collectio Vocum qua? sunt ap. Hippocratem, Venet. 1566, 4to. Bartholomew Eustache was Professor of Anatomy and Medicine at Rome in 1550. His anatomical plates are allowed to be very correct, and well executed. Eustathii de Ismeniae et Ismenes amoribus, Libri xi. a Gaulmino, Gr. Lat. Paris. 1618, 8vo. Tidem, Latine, Lug. Bat. 1634, 32mo. Iidem, Lat. L. Bat, 1 644, 32mo. is. 6d. Libri xi. Graece, curavit Teuchcr, 8vo. Lips. 1792. This is a very paltry and puerile per- formance, unjustly attributed to Eustathius the Com- mentator^ When the author of it lived is uncertain. Eustathii Comment, in Hexaemeron, a Leone Allatio, Gr. et Lat. 4to. Lugd. 1629. Some have attributed this piece to Eustathius, bishop of An- tioch, in 325. But the true author, and the time in which he lived, are unknown. Eutechnij Sophists Paraphrasis in Oppiani Ich* E U 2lt. theulica, ab Erasmo Windjingio, Gr. et Lat. 8vc% Hafniae, 1102. Eutechnius, in Nicand. ab Ant. Mar. Bardimo, Gr. Lat. et Ital. Fl Oxford, under, a guard, to prevent his escape, and to oblige him to the performance of his contract; where he finished the piece above-mentioned, with- out putting his name to it. From this authority Mr. Anthony Wood, the learned Mr. Mattaire^ Palmer, and one Bagford, whose papers are extant, declared Corsellis to be the first printer in England. < " The credit of this record was attacked by Dr. Middleton; who observed, 1st. That the whole of this transaction must have passed before the year 1459; for, in the end of that year, king Edward the Fourth was proclaimed in London : and hov? U2 220 E X king Henry, in the midst of all his troubTes, when he was struggling both for life and crown, came to enter upon such a design, is inconceivable ; as it likewise is, how Corsellis came to be near ten years at Oxford before the publication of the first fruits of his press. 2dly, The silence of Caston, concerning a fact in which he is said to have been a principal actor, is a sufficient confutation of the whole story. In the continuation of the Polychronicon, compiled by Caxton himself, and carried down to the end of the reign of Henry the Sixth, he takes not the least notice of this expedition in quest of a printer ; but, on the contrary, acquaints us, that he was beyond sea twelve years after, learning with great charge and trouble the art of printing; which he might have done with ease at home, if he had got Cor- lellis into his hands. 3dly, The record carries the most direct and internal proof of his forgery, in as- cribing the origin of printing to Harlem, and setting Guttenberg, the inventor thereof, to work there, when Corsellis was brought away ; and in asserting the art to have been first carried to Mentz by a bro- ther of one of Guttenberg 's workmen : for it is be- yond all doubt, that printing was first invented at Mentz ; and Caxton's testimony seems alone to be decisive, who says, About this time (1455) the crafte of emprinting was first found in Mogounce in Almayne. As to-the Lambeth record, as it was never heard of before Alkiris book, so it was never seen since; and on these grounds our author pro- nounces it a forgery. But though the record is thus E.X 221 got rid of, yet the book, stands firm as a monument of die exercise of printing in Oxford six years be- fore any book, of Carton's bears date. The Doctor conjectures, however, that an X has some way or other been dropped in the date of the impression : he gives us many examples of mistakes of the like nature ; some casual, some by design. He observes next, that it is a much more neat and regular piece, which is attributed to Corsellis, than any of Caxteris are ;- from whence it might with reason be inferred, that it could not be older. The Oxford book like- wise has signatures, which were not invented, as all authors agree, till the year 1470, or later ; and were not used by Caxton till 1480. Besides, what proba- bility is there, that this Oxford press should remain unemployed for eleven years afterwards ; whereas, supposing the X dropped, and consequently the book printed ten years later, all these doubts will vanish ; the use of signatures will be no objection ; and the catalogue of books printed at Oxford will go on regularly from the year 1478. Which indeed are strong presumptions that Dr. Middleton has guessed the truth. " In the last place, we have the positive evidence of Caxton's being the first printer of this kingdom, stated. Stow, in his survey of London, speaking of the thirty-seventh, year of Henry \ T. or 1458, says, The noble science of printing was at this time found at Magunce, by John Guttemberg a knight, and William Caxton of London, mercer, brought it into. England about the year 1 47 1 , and first practised U3 222 E X the same in the abbey of Westminster. Trussel gives the same account in the history of Henry VI. and Sir Richard Baker, in his Chronicle ; and Mr. Howell, in his Londinopolis, 'describes the place where the abbot of Westminster first set up the press for Carton's use. John Leland, library- keeper to Hemy the Eighth, who, by way of ho- nour, had the title of antiquary, and lived near to Carton* s own time, expressly calls him, the first prin- ter of England ; and speaks honourably of his works. And, as he had spent some time in Oxford, he could hardly be ignorant of the origin and history of print- ing in that university. The celebrated Mr. Henry Wharton, and the no less celebrated Mr. Dupin, style him the first printer of England; and, in- deed, his own works, to a curious and knowing en- quirer, will appear very authentic testimonies of the truth of this assertion ; for the rudeness of the letter, irregularity of the page, want of signatures, initial letters, &c. and, above all, his colophons, agree ex- actly with the beginnings of this art elsewhere. The learned author tells us, that the course of his stu- dies, and the nature of his employment, engaged him to pay some attention to the little points of his- tory ; which, in this essay, he has endeavoured to set right: but, what above all excited him thereto, was the desire of doing justice to the memory of our worthy countryman William Carton, and to prevent his being robbed of the honour due to him, for having first imported into this kingdom an art of great bene- fit to mankind ; a kind of merit, that, in the sense of all nations, gives the best title to true praise, and the E Y 223 test claim to be commemorated with honour to posterity." This book exists in the Bodleian and Harleian libraries. It is in a Gothic character, the same as that used by the first printers at Mentz> and the same with which JEgidius de Ordine Fratrum, was printed at Oxford in 1479, which was in all proba- bility the year following the impression of the Ex- posicio. It may be farther necessary to observe, that the Exposicio is not St. Jerom's, but that oiRuffinus. See Panzerj Annates Typography vol. 2. p. 243. Exsuperantius Julius, de Marii, Lepidi ac Ser- torii bellis civilibus. With the Historic liomana fScriptores, ab II. Stephano, Gr. et Lat. vo. 1568. 3' vol. and with C. Sallustii Opera, a Joan. Clerico, Cantab. 1710. 4to. Eyring J. N. Christomathia Tragica, Eschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, 8vo. Gottlng. 1762. Historiae literariae Synopsis, sive literatura orientis Grasca, Romana, tabulis Synchronisti exhi- bita, 3 partes, 4to. Gotting. 1783. Alberti de Eyb, Margarita Poetica seu Oratorum poetarum, Historicorum ac Philosophorum elegan- ter dicta. Norimbergae, 1472. fol. No copy of this edition is to be met with ; and most Bibliographers suppose it never existed. Margarita Poetica, continens nonnullas Artis Khetoricae preceptiones, &c. fol. Goth, sine ulla nota. Roma?, per Uldaricum Galium, alias Han. 475, die xx. Mensis Decembris. fol. Opus, impressum Parisiis, circa 1475, fol. fol. Goth, 1480, decima ^uinta Mensis Julii, 224 E Z 7 i ' r' i "T Alberti de Eyb, Margarita Poet. Editio anni 1487, absque nota impressoris et loci, fol. fol. Basil.. De Amerbach. 1495.. Directorium Inquisitorum F. Nicolai Eymerici, cum commentariis Franc. Pegnte, Roma?, sedibus Populi Romani, 1587, fol. A good edition, prefer- able to that of Venice in 1 607, fol. Guil. Eysencrein Catalogus testium veritatis lo- cupletissimus omnium orthodoxy matris Ecclesias Doctorum, extantium et non extantium, publicato- rum et in Bibliotheeis latentium, qui adulterina Ec- clesias dogmata impuram, impudentem, et impiam Hseresiam vaniloquentiam, in hue usque diem fir- missimis demonstration um rationibus impugnarunt,. variaque Scriptorum monumenta reliquorum, 4to. 1565. Liber hie albis torvis rarior. Vcct. Ezekielis Fragmenta, a Frid. Morello, Gr. ct Lat. fol. Par. 1624. These are fragments of a Greek Tragedy on the Exodus of (he- Israelites. The Tragedy itself is lost. The author, who was a Hebrew, lived, according to some, about 80 years, before Christ; and according to others, in the first or second century. These fragments are to be found also in the Corpus Poetarum Gr have written on Hebrew, Greek, Roman, and eccle- siastical antiquities. Bibliotheca Ecclesiastica, in qua conti- nentur antiqui Scriptores varii ecclesiastici, Hamb. 1718, fol. Opusculorum Historico-Critico-Littera-i riorum Sylloge. Hamb. 1738, 4to. 7s. 6d. Delectus Argumentorum efc Syllabus Scriptorum qui Veritatem Religioiiis Christians ad- versus Atheos, Epicureos, Deistas, &c. incub ratio- nibus suis asseruerunt. Hamburg. 1725, 4to. Opuscula, 20 vol. 4to. Hamb. 1758. 71. 17s. John Albert Fabricius was born at Leipsig in 1667. He became professor of eloquence at Ham- burg, where he died in 1736. He was a profoundly- learned man ; had a prodigious memory ; a facility of writing, which few men ever possessed ; and scarcely ever lost an instant of time. He wa9 a man of great modesty and gentleness, by which he acquired the esteem of all who knew him. He is author of seve- ral other works, which, with the former, have se- cured his fame to the remotest posterity, if indeed this can be any gratification to a dead man. Fabricii (Hieronj/miJ Opera omnia Anatomica X 232 F A et Physiologica, a Sieg. Albino, Lugd. Batav. 1738, fol. cum fig. Basilicon, libri 60, Gr. et Lat. ex vers. Careli Annibalis Fabrotti, Paris. 1647, 7 vol. fol. This book is scarce. , Fabrotti was a celebrated lawyer, born in Aix in Provence. He published an edition of the works of Cujas with very learned notes, Paris, 1658, 10 vols. fol. His intense application to this work oc- casioned his death in 1659. For a Supplement to this work, see Basilicorum, vol. 1. p. 170. Facciolati (Jacobi) Epistolae Latinac, Patavii, 1765, 8vo. Lexicon totius Latinitatis, studio ForcellinU 4 vols. Patav. 1771, 7l. 7s. Facetiae Facetiarum, hoc est, Joco-seriorum faciculus novus, Pathopoli, 1645, 12mo. 6s. lib. rar, Facundi Opera, a Jacobo Sirmondo, 8vo. Paris. Cramoisy, 1629. a Lud. du Fin, fol. Paris. 1700. Con- nected with Optatus. Epistola in Defensione trium Capitulo- rum. Found in the third volume of Dacherius's Spi- cilegium, Facnndus was bishop of Hermiana in Africa, and died about A. D. 53. Faerni (Gabrielis) Cremonensis Fabula cen- tum, ex antiquis auctoribus delectae et carminibus ex- plicate, cum figuris asneis elegantissimis, Romae, Lu- chin. 1564, 4to. ll. Is. This is the original Edi- tion, and is highly esteemed. It is said that the F A 233 subjects for the fountains at Versailles were taken from this work. Faerni, Editio altera, iconibus aeneis adornata, cum Versione Gallica, Lond. 1143, 4to. Not so much prized as the preceding. Antverp. Plant. 1567, et 1573, in 16to. cum fig. 6s. Both these Editions are well executed. Gabriel Faerne was born at Cremona. Pope Pius IV. who knew him to be an excellent scholar and fine poet, engaged him in the work above men- tioned, which he executed in such a manner as did credit to himself and to his patron. He died how- ever before he reaped any fruit from his labour in 1561, three years before his fables were published. He is author of several other works. Fagii (Paidi) Sententiae vere elegantes piae, mi- rasque turn ad linguam dicendam, turn animurn pi- etate excolendum utiles veterum sapientum Hebrae- orum, quas Capitula aut Apothegmata Patrum nominant, Isnae, 1541, 4to. An extremely rare book. Tobias Hebraicus, 1542, 4to. Edit, prin, Expositio Dictionum Hebraicarum, 4to. 1542. Notae in Pentateucum, 1546, fol. Paul Fagius was a very learned protestant divine, born at Rheinzabern in the Palatinate in 1 504. He was invited to Cambridge by archbishop Cranmer* where he gave public lectures. He died there in 1550. This learned man contributed greatly to spread the knowledge of the Hebrew tongue by h\% X3 234 F A various and useful works. His Notes on the Penta- teuch are published among the Critici Sacri. Fagnani (ProsperiJ Commentarii in Decretales, Roma?, 1661, 6 torn, in 3 vol. fol. Edit. opt. Probce Falconia, Cento Virgilianus, seu Centi- metrum de Christo, Versibus Virgilianus compagU atum, fol. Venet. 1 472. with Ansonius. 4to. sine nota. attributed to Zeiner of Ulm. Printed about 1473. fol. sine nota, eleven leaves. Done with the types of Bid and Venzler t ancient printers at Basil, about 1474. 4to. Brixiae, per Bernard. Misiniham, 1496, et4to. Par. 1499. 4to. Lips. 1513, et 8vo. Lugd. 1516. a Joan. Henr. Kromayero, 8vo. Hal. Magdeb. 1719. xii. Sybillarum Oracula, 4to. sine ulla nota. This has the arms of Sixtus Russinger, to whom it is attributed by Laire. It has also por- traits of Proba, and the twelve Sybils, cut in Wood. Russinger, or Riessinger, printed at Naples in 1478. Probii Epis* copi, Passio SS. Martyrum Perpetua et Felicitatis ; et Passio S. Bonifacio, a Luca Holstenio, Rom. 1663. Faustini Fidei Orthodoxy adversus Arianos Vin- diciis Opera, 8vo. Oxon. 1678. Faustinus lived under Theodosius the Great, about A. D^ 334. This piece is found also in the Bibliotheca Pairum. Faustus. See Scriptores de Re Agraria. Aurea Cateni Homeri, i. e. Concatenata Naturae Historia Physico-Chymica Latina Civitate donata, Notisque illustrata, a Ludov. Favrat, Francof. 1763, 12mo. Defensio Religionis, necnon Mosis et Gentis Ju- daic ae ; contra duas Dissertationes Joh. Tolandi, &c. a Jacobo Fayo, Ultraj. 1709, 8vo. Febadii Liber contra Arianos, 4to. Paris. 1 570 and in the Bibliotheca Patrum. The author, Feba* dins, was bishop of Agenna, about A. D. 360. Feithii Antiquitatum Homericarum, libri iv. Amstel. 1726, 8vo. 3s. 6d. The first Edition of tills useful book came out in 1677. To the Edition noted above, the number of the books and verses in Homer have been added to the quotations out of that poet ; as also an Index. 8vo. Neapoli, 1774, 5s. Best Edition. Everard Feithius was born at Eldenbourg, in Gueldres, in the 16th century. The disturbances in the Low Countries obliged him to settle in France, 233 F E where he acquired the esteem of Casaubon, Dupulj, and De Thou, (Thuanus.) There was something remarkably singular and mysterious in the end of this learned man. Walking one day in the streets of Rochelle, he was desired by one of the citizens to step into his house. He did so and from that moment was never heard of. The magistrates made the most diligent enquiry concerning him, but all to no purpose ! Ant. Felicis de Ovis Cochlearum Epistola, cum Jo. Jac. Harderi Epistolis, aliquot de partibus geni- talibus Cochlearum. August. Vindel. 1684, 8vo. Jacobi Felibien, Pentateuchus Historicus, sive r quinque libri Historici Josue, Judices, Ruth, I. II. Regum, cum Commentariis ex fonte Hebraico, Ver- sione LXX. Interpretum, et variis Authoribus col- lectis, Carnuti, 1703, 4to. Lib.rar. This work was reprinted at Paris in 1704, but suppressed by an or- der of council. Fenestella de Romanorum Magistratibus. Printed about A. D. 1480, 4to. Fragmenta, cum not var. adjecit./iw. Wasse Sallustio. Cantab. 1710, 4to. Medici Antiqui omnes Graeci Latini, Arabes, qui de febribus scripserunt, ex edit. Joan. Fernellii. Venet, 1594, fol. < Medici Ant. omn. qui Latinis Uteris, diversorum Morborum Genera et Remedia perse- cuti sunt. Venet. 1547, fol. The above are two curious and important works. The author, John Ferncll, was born at Clermont. F E 239 lie was first physician to Henry II. of France, and died in 1558. F. Bern. Ferrarii, Mediolensis, de Ritu Sacra- rum Concionurri, libri duo, Mediolani, e Collegia Ambrosiani Typographic, 1620, 4to. de Veterum Acclamationibus et Plausu, libri vii. Mediol. e Col. Amb. Typ. 1627, 4to. The author was a celebrated physician of Milan, and lived about A. D. 1620. " Ferrarii (Jo. Bap.) De Cultura Florum, libri 4. Roma?, 1633, 4to. cum fig. ~ Nova Editio accurante Bern. Rotten- dorfio, Amst. 1646, 4to. cum fig. Hesperides, sive de Malorum aureo- rum cultura et usu, lib. 4 cum fig. 1646, in fol. An esteemed work. Musa? Lapidaria? antiquorum marmoribusCarmina seu Deorum Donaria, Hominum illustrium Monu- menta et P^pitaphia, cum notis Jo. Bapt. Feretti, Verona;, 1672, fol. Lib. rar. Feretti {Jidh) Tractatus de Re et Disciplina Militari, Venet. 1575, fol. Lib. rar. Ferrarii (Octavii) De Re Vestiarii, libri 7. Pa- tav. 1685. 4to. cum fig. Ferrerii (Zacharii) Hymni Novi Ecclesiastici, juxta veramMetriet Latinitatis normam, he. accedit Breviarium Ecclesiasticum, Roma?, 1525, 4to. Festus de Verborum Significatione, fol. Venet. Jo. de Colonia, 1474. 10s. 6d. A copy on vellum, in Mr, Edwards's Catalogue, 1790, was valued at 101. l Os. 240 F I Figuli (Nigidii) Fragmenta, a Rotgersio, l2mo. Lugd. Bat. Elz. 1650. Publius Nigidius Figulus was contemporary with, and intimate friend to Cicero. This great orator re- presents him as the most learned man, next to Varro, which Rome could boast of. He was very useful to Cicero in detecting the conspiracy of Catiline : but having espoused Pompey's interest against Ctesar, he was banished, and died in exile about 45 years before our Lord. He was a great augur and astrolo- ger, and St. Augustin says he got the surname Figu- lus, i. e. a Potter, because he made use of a simile drawn from a potter's wheel, to answer the following objection made to his science of astrology! Why have not twins the same lot in life ? Figulus, like every other would-be occult philosopher, is said to have written in such an abstracted and occult manner, that his contemporaries neglected his writings, for this plain reason they could not understaiul them : and perhaps that reason was founded on another, ijot less powerful they could twt be understood. Fischeti (Guil.J Rhetoricorum, libri tres, accedit Panegyricus a Roberto Gaguino versibus composi- te in Parisiorum Sorbona, per Ulric. Gering, Mar- iinum Crantz, et Michael. Friburger, circa annum X470, The first Edition of this work, and the first book printed at the Sorbonne. It is very scarce, and has sold as high as 501. Epistolae ad Cardinalem Beparionem et alios, in Parisior. Sorbona ; absque nota anni, 4to. circa 1471. A rare Edition. f I 241 William Fischet y or Fichei, was doctor of the Sor- bonne, and rector of the university of Paris, and afterwards chamberlain \o Pope Sixtus IV. He was the first who introduced printing into Fiance j and he did it by engaging the three German prin- ters mentioned above to set up an office at the Sor- bonne in 1470. FiordeVertu, " The Flower of Virtue." Ve- neL Nic. Jenson, 1470. The typography, size, and paper of this book are exactly similar to the De cor Puellarum, Luctus Christianorum, and the Gloria Mulierum y all printed by Jenson in the same yean See the three former described, vol. 3. pp. 99y &C Ficini {Marsilii) Theologia Platonica, sive de Animarum Immortalitate, Florent. per Anton. Mis- cominum, anno 1482, fol. Edit, princ. Lib rar. Liber de Vita Triplici in ties libros divisuS: primus, de Vita sana ; secundus, de Vita knga ; ettertius, de Vita coelitus, Florent. 1489, fol. Idem Liber, Paris, circa ann. 1489, 8vo. Editio vetus, Epistolarum Famiiiarium, libri 1 2, Venetiis, llieron. Blondi, 1 495, fol. 4to. Florent. per Koburger, 1497. Opera Omnia, Basil. 1591, 2 vol. fol. Marsilius Ficinus was born at Florence in 1433. He was in favour with the Medicis, from whom he received many marks of esteem. He was addicted, like most of the philosophers of his time, to judicial astrology, and endeavoured to persuade hinfielf and'" Y ssssss others, that Plato and Plotinus were Christians. His writings contain a variety of curious matter. Ficorni (Fmncisci) Dissertatio de Larvis Sceni- cii, ct Figuris Comicis antiquorura Romanorum, Romse, 1750, 4to. et 1754, 4to. This work was Off. ginally written in Italian. Gemmae antiquse litteratae, aliasque rario- res ; accedunt Vetera monumenta ejusdem aetate re- perta, cum annot. Nicd. Gakotti, Romas, 1757, 4to. Dictionarium Succo-Laponicum, a Petro Fiejll- stRon, Stolckom, 1738, 8vo. - Grammatica Laponicum, Stolckom. 1738, accedit Ganandri Gram. Lapon. Stolckom. 1743, 12mo. Fieni (Thoma) De Viribus Imaginations, Lugd. Batav. Elzev. 1635, 18vo. De Formatione et de Animatione Fcetus, 8vo. Apologia pro libro praced. 8vo. 1629. Thomas Fiemis, born in 1566, was physician to the duke of Bavaria, and afterwards professor of medicine at Louvain. Fierci (Baptistce) Mantuani Medici Ccena, circa 1490, 4to. Figrelii (Edmundi) De Statuts Illustrium Ro- manorum, liber singularis, Holm. 1656, 8vo. Figuli (Caroli) Dialogus qui inscribitur Botano- methodus, Coloniae, 1514, 4to. Lib. perrar. Ichthylogia, seu Dialogus de Piscibus, Co- lonic, 1540, 4to. " Mustela, Dialogus inter Eucharium et Li * 4S Arionymum, Colon. 1540, 4to. Sometimes joined to the preceding. Both very- scarce. For Nigidius Figulus see p. 240, where it has been inserted by mistake. Firmicus (Maternus) De Errore Prophanarum Religionurn, a Matth. Flaceo, 8vo. Argentin. 1562. a Joan. JVowerio, 1 603, 8vo. a Jacobo Oiselio, 8vo. Lugd. Bat 1 672. Best Edition : connected with Minutius Felix. cum Notis Woweri et cum Minutii Fe- licis Octavio, Oxon. 1678, 8vo. Julius Firmicus Maternus was bishop of Milan in 340, under the emperor Constance. Firmici (Julii Materni) Matheseos, seu Astro- nomicorum, libri 8, exrecensione Antonii Lauri, a Pescennio Francisco Nigro, fol. Ven. Simon. Bevi- lacqua, 1497. Edit, prime. ab eodem, fol. Venet. Aid. 1499. In- ter Astronomos Vcteres. ab eodem, fol. Regii, de Mazzalis, 1503. A singular Edition, and such a correct copy of the Aldine, that were it not for the date 1 503 at the end, it could not be distinguished from the ori- ginal. Abbe Boni. a Nicolao Prucknero, fol. Basil. 1533. '' Inter Astronomos Ve teres, Gr. et Lat. Basil. 1589, 8vo. with MatiiliuSf Proclus, Theon, &c. fol. Venet. 1597, 10s. 6d. De Nativitatibus, fol. Ven. Bevilacqua, 1499. Y2 244 F L This Firmicus Maternus must not be confounded with the bishop of Milan ; though it is probable he rived about the same time. The former was a Christian, this latter was a Gentile. The work is full of reveries. Missa Latina, que olim ante Romanam, circa an- num Domini 1100 in usu fuit, bona fide ex vetusto authenticoque Codiee descripta ; cum additamentis quibusdam ejusdem Argumenti, et Praefatione Mat- ihia (Francowitz) Flacci lllyrici ; adjuncta est T3eati Rhenani Praefatio in Missam Chrysostomi a Xeone Tusco, anno Domini 1070 versam. Argent. 1557, 8vo. The original Edition is extremely scarce, because the Catholics got it almost entirely suppressed. Of the few copies which remain, some are found imperfect. Care must be taken that the Latin Preface of Beatus Rhenanus on the Mass l>e found in it. With this, the work has sold at J 2l. 1 2s. without it, for li. The piece contains 1 1 7 pages. Eadem Missa : accedunt Liturgis ex Jus- tino, Clementc Alexandrino, et Dionysio Areopa- gita, necnon Observationes antiquissimas circa Bap- tizatos confitentes. Coloniae, 1536. Matthuv (Francowitz) Flacci lllyrici, Liber de Sectis, dissentionibus et confusionibus Doctrina?, Reiigionis, Scriptorum et Doctorum Pontificiorum. Basiiea?, 1565, 4to. Very scarce Ejusdem Flacci lllyrici Historia certa- minum inter Romanos Episcopos et Sextam Cartha- gincnsem Synodum Africanasque Ecclesias, de Pri- matu sen potcstate Papa?, bona fide ex authentic!* FL 245 Monumentis collecta: accedunt Monimicirta qua>. dam vetusta etTractatus singulars contra Primatum seu tyrannidem Pap*. Basileae, 1554, 8vo. One of the scarcest of this author's tracts. Matthia (Fr.) Flacci Illyrki Sylvula Carmi- num aliquot a diversis piis et eruditis viris conscrip- torum, quibus variae de Religione Sentential et Con- troversial expiicantur. Absque nota Editionis, anno 1553, 8vo. Very scarce. Antilogia Papa?, hoc est de Corrupto^cclesise Statu et totius Cleri Papistici perversitate ; auctore eodera Flacco Illyrico, cum Prafatione Wolfgangi Wissemburgii. Basileae, Oporinus, 1555, 8vo. Very rare. Contra Papatum Romanum a Diabolo inventurn, (edente Matthia Flacco Illyrico.) Impress, absque nota Editionis, anno 1545, Svo. Very rare. Scriptum contra Primatum Papae, ante annos 120 compositum ; item Matthia Flacci Illyrici (Fran- cmvitz) de eadem materia. Magdeburgi, (CaL Marr tii 1550,) 8vo, Scripta quasdam Papce et Monarcharum de Con- ciiio Tridentino, nunc primum in lucem edita, cum Praefatione Mat. Flacci Illyrici. Basilea?, absque nota impressoris et anni, 8vo. , Ejusdem Illyrici Apollogia pro suis De- monstrationibus, in Controversial, Sacra rnentaria, contra Theod. Bezae Cavillationcs, 1556, 8vo. To tliis volume is joined a small piece, entitled, liepcti- tiones Apologia M. Flacci Illyrici, dc Logo d al Us qiubusdam. Jenae, anno 1561, 8 vo. " ... Y 3 246 th Matthia (Franc.) Flacci lllyrici Liber de Occa- sionibus vitandi errorem in essentia injustitiae origi- nalis ; item, de eximia ulilitate summaque necessi- tate Doetrinae de Essentia Imaginis Dei ac Diaboli, justitiaeque ac injustiti* originalis. Basileae, apud Petrum Pernam, 1569, 8vo. Ejusdem Flacci lllyrici Liber de Voce et Re Fidei contra Pharisaicum Hypocritarum fer- mentum; cum Praefatione Philippi Melanctlionis. Basilea?/per Joan. Oporinum et Ludovicum Lucium, anno 1555, 8vo. Ejusdem Flacci lllyrici Refutatio sophis- matum et elusionum quae pro Sacramentario errore contra Sacrosanctum Testamentum Christi aflerri solent ; una cum aliis quibusdam ejusdem argu- menti. Absque Editionis nota, anno 1567, 8vo. < Ejusdem Flacci lllyrici omnia Latinc Scripta Hactenus sparsim, contra Adiaphoricas frau- des et errores edita, et quaedam prius non excusa. Magdeburgi, 1550, 8vo. Varia Doctorum piorumque virorum de Corrupto Ecclesiae Statu Poemata, ante nostram aetatem con- scripta et edita, cum Praefatione Matthite {Franco* vitz) Flacci lllyrici. Basilese, Lucius, 1557, 8vo. Very scarce and curious. Carmina vetusta ante 300 annos scripta, qua? de- plorant inscitiam Evangelii, et taxant abusus Cere- moniarum ; edita cum Praefatione Matthite {Fran- cvmtz) Flacci lllyrici. Witebergae, 1548, 8vo. A keen satire against the Church of Rome. Very scarce. F L 247 Refutatio Invectivae Bruni contra Centurias Histo- rian Ecclesiastical, in qua simul recitantur amplius 100 Historica maximique momenti Papistarum men- dacia. Authore eodcm Matthia ( FrancowitzJ Flacco Illyrici. Basileae, Oporinus, 1556, 4to. Catalogus Testium Veritatis, qui ante nostram aetatem Pontifici Romano, ej usque erroribus recla- marunt, cum Pra:fatione Matthia (Francowitz) Flacci Iliyrici. Argent. 1562, et Basil. Oporinus, 1562. The Basil Edition, 8vo. 1556, is far less esteemed. Catalogi Testium Veritatis Auctarium, quo Mo- numenta, &c. in integrum restituuntur ; cui adjuncti sunt tres alii Tractatus Matt. Flacci Illyrici hacte- nus desiderati. Cattopoli, 1677, 4to. Clavis Scripturas Selecta?, seu de Sermone Sacra- rum Litterarum ; auctore eodem Matt. Flacco II- lyrico. Basil. Oporinus, 1567, fol. Disputatio de Peccato Originali et Libero Arbitrio, inter Matt. Flaccum Illyricum, et Victorinum Stri- gelium. Bremx, 1562, 4to. Ejusdem Flacci Illyrici notae quaedam clarissimx vera de Fals. Relig. quibus etiam rudiores queunt, Papistarum esse Falsam Religionera. Mag- deburgi, 1549, 8vo. Scarcely a copy of this is to be found. f. Ejusdem Flacci Illyrici Pemonstra- tiones de Essentia Imaginis Dei et Diaboli, justitiae- que ac injustitiae originalis, cum testimoniis veterum. Basil. 1569, 8vo. . Ejusdem Illyrici Consensus unanimis 343 F L Primitivae Ecclesise de non Scrutando Dlvinae Gene- rationis Fill Dei modo. Basil. 1560, 8vo. Matthue Flacci Illyrici Defcnsio sanas Doc- trinae de originali justitia ac injustitia aut peccato. Basil. 1510, 8vo. Ejusdem Illyrici de Mystica Sacramen- talique Prsesentia et Manducatione Corporis Christi in Ccena, anno 1554, 8vo. Ejusdem Illyrici de Injustitia aut Pec- cato Originali. Basil. 1568, 8vo. Ejusdem Flacci Illyrici Sylva Carmi- num in nostri aevi conuptelas, praesertim Religionis, sane quam salsa et Festiva, ex diversis authoribus collecta et edita, anno 1553, 8vo. This was re- printed without date, &c. and is very scarce. de Translatione Imperii Romani ad Germanos. Item de Electione Episcoporum, quod aeque ad Plebem pertineat. Auctore eodem Flacco Illyrico. Basil. Petrus Perna, 1566, 8vo. Matthias Fraucowitz, surnamed Flaccus lllyri- cus, was born at Albano in Il/yria, in the year 1520. He studied under Luther and Melancthon, and be- came a most zealous defender of the protestant faith, and a most formidable enemy to the Church of Rome. He had a principal part in composing the Centurite Magdeburgenses. Some of the Catholic writers affect to despise this author ; but their party, however, has taken care to suppress his works ; so that almost the whole of them is remarkably scarce. The protestants, on the other hand, do not approve f his spirit. He was too violent : and bad tempers, F L 249 manifesting themselves in obloquy and reproachful language, are no credit to any cause. His grand object was, to prove that Popery was a diabolic in- vention, and that the Pope of Rome is the devil's vicegerent. This author died at Frankfort in 1575, aged 55 years. Joannis Flamsteedii Historia Ccelestis Britan- nica exhibens Cataiogum Stellarum, Fixarum, &c. Lond. 1725, 3 vol. fol. A highly esteemed work. Flamsteedii (Jo.) Atlas Ccelestis, Lond; 1729, et 1753, folio magno. Frequently joined to the preceding. John Flamsteed was born at Derby in 1646 He was a member of the Royal Society, Astrono- mer Royal, and Director of the Observatory at Greenwich. His catalogue of the fixed stars amounts to 3000: but many thousands have been added to these by later astronomers, particularly La Lande. Flaminii (Antonii) Psalmorum Explanatio, Lug: 1561, 12mo. lib. rar. Condemned to the flames by Paul IV. Flavii ( Blondii Forliviemis) Historiarum ab in- clinatione Romanorum Imperii Decades ties, Ven # per Octav. Scotum Modoetiensem, 1483, fol. Edit' princeps. Italia? illustrate, libri 8, sive Italia? descrip- tio, per regiones 14 distributa. Romae, in Aomo Jos. Phil, de Lignamine, 1479, fol. First Edition, scarce and much prized. Flavio Biondo was a native of Forli, and secre- ?50 F L tary to Eugene IV. and to other popes. He died at Rome in 1463. He was the first who cast light on Roman antiquities, and to him Sigonius is much in- debted. His works were printed at Bale in 1 53 1 . Flavius Mallius, see Mallius. Frid. Herm. Flayperus de Arte Volandi. Typ: Werlini, 1623, 12mo. A curious traet. Nebulo Nebulonum Nequitia?, hoc est Joco Seria moderns Nequitia? Censura, qua Hominum Scelera, fraudes, doli ac versutiae a?ri aerique exponuntur pub- lice, Carmine Iambico, a Joan. Flitnero. Francof . 1628, 8vo. A very singular and scarce work* Flores Poetarum de Virtutibus et Vitiis, 12mo. Colon. 1505. Francisci FlorEntis Dissertatio de Origine Ortu $t Auctoritate Juris Canonici. Where printed, or where to be found, not mentioned by Voct. Franc. Florii Florentini, Liber de Amore Ca- milli et jEmiliae Aretinorum. Accedit libellus de duobus amantibus Leonarde de Guiscardo et Sigis- xnunda Tancredi filia ex Boccacio y transfiguratus in Latin. Serm. per Leonard. Aretinum. Opus editum Turonis, in domo Archiepiscopi, anno 1467, 4to. Avery rare work. Hieron. Florentini Disputatio de ministrando Baptismo humanis fcetibus abortivorum. Lucas, 1666, 4to. Lib. rar. Floretus in quo Flores omnium virtutum et de- testationes Vitiorum metrice continentur, una cum Commento. Lugd. 1494, 4to. F L 251 Lucii Aivnii Flori Epitome Rerum Romanarum, fol. absque ulia nota. The types are those of Jen- son : executed about A. D. 1470. 21 1. Edit, prik. Lib. eximia raritatis. 4to. Paris, in Sorbona, per Ulric. Gcring t Mart. Cratilz, et Mich. Friburger. Supposed to be the second Edition. Sold in the Pinellian sale for22l. Is. 4to. Paris. Printed between 1470 and 1473. Epitome Rerum Romanarum, fol. absque ulia nota. A valuable Edition, easily distinguish- able from the Edith prin. as that is in a fine round character, and this is in what is termed Gothic. ex recens. Joan. And. Episc. Aler. Roma?, Sweynh. et Pannartz, 1472. Printed with Justin. a Philippo Beroaldo, 4to. Parmae, Steph. Corallus, sine anno. Some have supposed this work to have been printed in 1473, because done with the same types used by this printer in his Edi- tion of Catullus printed in 1473; but the learned P. Ajfb, in his Memorie sulla Typographia Par- mense, 4to. Parma, 1791, having compared this Edi- tion of Florus with the Pliny published by Beroal- lus in 1 476, found they were both done with the same characters, and probably in the same year. This Edition sold at the Pinellian sale for 2l. 5s. Of Philip Beroaldus, whose name we so often, meet with in ancient Editions of the Classics, it may- be necessary to state, that he was born at Bologna, of a nobie family, in 1453. He taught school in his na- tive place till the end of 1414, and was held in high 252 F L esteem for his learning ; but his moral character was of the most profligate kind. He loved, says his biographer, the pleasures of the table : that is, in plain English, he was a glutton and a drunkard. He was also passionately fond of gaming, and lost all he possessed in this execrable employment. Added to all this, he had an excessive fondness for women ; and, says Bruysset, riennelui coutoit pour parvenir au but de ses desirs. He stuck at nothing to accomplish his criminal purposes. At last he got married to a prudent, industrious, and amiable wo- man, who knew how to attract his affections by her gentle and obliging conduct. The consequence was, Beroaldus soon became a totally changed man. Dis- sipation, riot, and excess, were completely banished from his heart and dwelling, and he became a man whose moral conduct was of the most exemplary kind ; and this character he maintained till his death, which happened in 1 505. His case is a farther proof of the wise man's assertion : A prudent wife is from the Lord, and he that findeth such an one,findetk a good thing. A collection of his works was pub- lished in 1507, and 1513, 2 vols. 4to. L. A. Flori Epitome Rerum Romanarum ex eadem Editione, 4to. Senis, Sigismundus Rot de. Bitz, sine anno. 4to. absque ulla nota. A finely" printed Edition, in round letters : seldom to be met with. 21. 2s. a Philippo Beroaldo, fol. Mediol. 1510. a Joan. Cuspiniano, 4to. Vienna?, Jo. Win- ter, 1511. F L 253 L, Flori Epit. a Jo. Camerto, fol. Basil. 1518. 8vo. Venet. Aid. 1520, et 1551. Both Edi- tions connected with Lwy. Some have mentioned an Aldine Edition of Florus, sine anno, but it is likely that it is a copy of one of the above Editions which had lost the page bearing the subscription. a Joan. Ricutio Camerte, Svo. Colon. Jos^ Gymnicus, 1537, et 1540. cum Sexti Ruji Brcviario, 8vo. Paris. W&- chel. 1541. A rare Edition.. ab Eliti Vineto, 4to. Patav. 1554, 1563, et 4to. Paris. 1576. a Jo. Stadio, Svo. Antv. 1567. Very often reprinted. a Friderico Sylburgio, fol. Franc. Wechel. 1588. In the first volume of the Scriptores Histories Romance. 8vo. Heidelbergae, Commel. 1597, et 1609. Good Editions: but Salmasius says, theirs* is the most correct. a Jo. Freinshemio, 8vo. Arg. 1632,1655, 1669, 2s. 6d. cum L. Ampelii libro Memorials, a Claudie Salmasio, l2mo. Lugd. Bat. Elz. 1638, 1664. The first Edition is very rare, and much esteemed. cum Not. var. a Nic. Blancardo, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1648. cum L. Ampelio, a CI. Salmusio, 1655. a M. D. C. Amst. Elzev. 1666, 1674. a Rutg. Mermannide, Neomagii, 1662, Ainslel. 1692, 1702, 1708. A better Edition than that of 1702, 2s. 6tf. Z $** F L L. A. Flor. a Christ. Adamo Ruperto, 8vo. No- rlmberg. 1 659. A good Edition. a Joan. Minellii % 1 2mo. Roterod. 1 664, 1 670, 1680, etHafn. 1700. ab Anna Tanaquilli Fabri filia, (Madam Dacier) in usum Delphini, 4to. Parisiis, 1674. and 4to. Paris. Barbou, 1726. a Jo. Gezelio, i2mo. Aboae, 1675. a Jo, Georg. Gra>vio, 8vo. Traj. 1680. An excellent Edition, adorned with elegant engravings. ex recens. Ni'c. Bla?ichardi, cum notis variis, Franequerae, 1690. a Christ. Junckero, 12mo. Lips. 1704. cum Not. var. et Andr. Duckeri y 8vo. Lug. Bat. 1722, 9s. 1744, 7s. 6d. The Edition of 1722 is a very good one : by it Ducker shews himself to be an excellent critic, one who understands his au- thor well, and who is well acquainted with Roman antiquities. It is connected with L. Ampelius, with emendations and illustrations.. a Jos. Jsaaco Pontano, et Jo. Freinshemia, 12mo. Amst. 1736. A good Edition. . a Jo. Pet. Miller, 8vo. Berolini, 1 750. exxecens. Gravii, accessit praeter Ampelium Libel, var. Lect. Praefatio Jo. Fischeri, 8vo. Lipsiia?, 1760. A valuable Edition, on which the learned and laborious -editor must have bestowed great pains. 5s. 4to. Birming. Baskervilky 1773, et 12mo. Ibid. 1774, with Saltiest. 12mo. Paris, Barbou, 1774. F L 255 Flori Epit. Libri duo prior es, a Laurent io Bege- ro, fol. in usum principis regni, et eleetoratus haere- dis, Colonic Marchicae, Ulr. Liebpertus, 1704. A splendid Edition, and adorned with beautiful plates, ll. lis. 6d. Death prevented the learned Beger from completing this work, See the article Beger. Libri 4, cum Notis ad modum Minellii, 12mo. Lips. 1734. a Jo. Millero^ 8vo. Berol. 1750. * 12mo. Halola?, 1762.. Mit deutschen redensarten, Sec. 8vo. G les- sen. 1768. Mit deutschen Anmerkungen, 1 2mo. Halle, 1720. 8vo. Mannh. 1779. ' 8vo. maj. Bipont. 1783. Acced. Ampelii Liber Memorialist item ex- cerptiones Chronologize, a Freinshemio> 8vo. Basil. 1795. British Editions of Florus and Ampe,lius. Luc. Annai Flori Epitome Rerum Romanarum, cum Lucio Ampelio, Liber memorial, cum notis Jo. Sladii, et Chronologicis Excerptionibus Claud. Sal- masii, Oxon. 1638, 1661, 1669, 12mo. cum Not. Jo. Minellii, Londin. 1683, 1706, l2mo. in usum Delphini, Lond. 1692, 8vo. - Editio secunda priori cmendatior, Londini, 1714, 8vo. Z2 256 F L Flori Epit. Editio tertia prioribus multo emen<. datior, Londini, 1727, 3vo. a Maittaire, cum L. Ampelii lib. Memor. 1715, et 1765. ct Luc. Ampel lib. Memor. ex Biblioth. Claudii Salmasii, Lond. Bowyer. 1735, 12mo. cum Crispo Sallustio, Binning, typis Joseph. Baskerville, 4to. 1773, ibid. 1774, et 1776, 12mo. cum Versione Anglica Joh. Clarke, York, 3727, 8vo. Reprinted at London, 1739, 1746, 1749, &c. 8vo. a Jo. Stirling, Lond. 1733, 8vo. 3s. Loca quaedam Flori emendantur in (Jer. Maik- Jandi) Epistola Critica ad eruditiss. virum Francis. Hare, &c. in qua Horatii loca aliquot, et aliorum veterum emendantur, Cantab. 1723, 8vo. Lucius Julius Annaus Floras was of the Anna?- an family, from which also sprang Seneca and Lu- can. About 200 years after Augustus, he composed his Epitome of the Roman history in 14 books, which may be rather considered a panegyric on tire Roman people than a connected history. His style is allowed to be on the whole elegant, but too flowery. Florus was a poet as well as an historian : and Spartian tells us, that the emperor Adrian and he made verses against each other; and to judge from what remains of their doggrel ting-tang, nei- ther of them seems to have understood much of the poet's art. When Ampelius lived is uncertain, but it must have been after the time of Trajan. His Liber Memorials vyas first published with Flo- F L 257 rus by the Elzevirs, in 163S. Often reprinted in different Editions of the above author, but never, I believe, separately. Flori (Drepani) Psalmi et Carmina, ab Andr. Rivino, 8vo. Lips. 1653. See Poetje. Drepanius Floras was deacon of the church of Lyons sometime in the ninth centuiy. He has left a piece on predestination, another on the canon of the mass, and a commentary on some of St. Paul's Epistles. His works may be found in the Biblio- theca Patrum. Versus Trochaici Flori Poeta de Qualitate Vitae. Along with the Pervigilium Veneris ; a Pet. Scri- verio. Lugd. Bat. 1683, 8vo. Of this poet, Flows, little is known besides the name; Roberti Fludd, alias De Fluctibus, Collectio Operum, 5 vol. fol. Oppenheim et Gouda?, 1617, et arm. scqq. cum fig. Very rare, and seldom found complete. 5l. 5s. Tractatus de Naturae Simia seu Technics Macrocosmi et Microcosmi Historia, 2 vol. fol. cum fig. Oppen. 1619. 16s. Philosophia Moysaica, cum fig. fol. Gou- da?, 1628. 10s. Opera Metaphysica, Physica, atque Tcch- nica Historia, 2 vol. fol. Plates by De Bry. Op- penh. 1617. 18s. Amphitheatrum Anatom. cum fig. fol. Oppenh. 1623. Rudolphi Olrcb (Roberti Fludd) Tractatus The o- Z3 258 r L logico-philosophicus de Vita, Morte, et Resurrec- tione, dedicatus fratribus a Cruce Rosea, Oppenh. 1617, 4to. This tract is very scarce, and has not been inserted in the Colleclio Operum. R. Fludd Tractatus Apologeticus Integritatem So- cietatisde Rosea Cruce defendens. L. Bat. 1617, 8vo. Robert Fludd was born at Mill-gate in Kent, in 1574, and died at London in 1637. He was a mem- ber of the College of Physicians in London, and was surnamed the Searcher, because of his various and deep researches in Philosophy, Alchymy, Medicine, Mathematics, &c. but the world has received very little benefit from his lucubrations, his writings being too dark and mysterious to be understood by com- mon people. His opinions were thought worthy of a serious confutation by GassendL The doctrine of Animal Magnetism is supposed to have been derived from Fludd's works. Rymeri Fcedera, Conventiones, Litterae, et Acta Publica inter Reges Angliae et alios, 20 vol. Lond. 1727. 101. 10s. Edit. opt. This magnificent re- pository contains treaties, conventions, letters, and other acts of state, between the kings of England and foreign princes and states, from the 1 2th century * chiefly in Latin. Two hundred copies only were printed, at the expence of the crown, of which few were ever sold. After Rymer's death, it was conti- nued by Mr. Sanderson, keeper of the rolls, whose .abilities were equal to those of his predecessor. Folingi. See Coccaii Merlini. Huberti Folietts: de Lingua Latins usu et pr. F O 259 stantia, libri tres, 8vo. Rome, Josephus de Angelis, 1574. Lib. rar. H. FoLiETiConjuratio Johannis Lud. Flisci, Tu- mulus Neapolitani, Caedes Petri Lud. Farnesii Pla- centiae Ducis, Genev. 1587, 4to. Historia Genuensium, fol. Geo. 1585. Elogia Clarorum Ligurum, 4to. de Similitudine Norma? Polybianae, (in Opusculis suis) Romae, 1579, 4to. Ubert Foglieta was born at Geneva in 1518, and died at Rome in 1581. He wrote a piece de Ratione Scribmdce Historia^ which is allowed to be a well- written and judicious work. His writings are held in considerable estimation. Justi Fontanini, libri tres de Antiquitatibus Hor- tae Coloniae Etruscorum, cum fig. Rom. J 723, 4to. Historia Litteraria Aquilejensis : acce- dit Dissertatio de Annulo Mortuali S. Athanasii. Rom. 1742, 4to. A work full of erudition, both on sacred and profane subjects. Catalogus Librorum Bibliothecas Jose- phi Renati Imperialis, Cardinalis, secundum Aucto- rum Cognomina Ordine alphabetico dispositus, &c. Roma?, 1771, fol. Bibliotheca della Eloquenza Italiana con le annotationi del Seignor Apostolo Zeno. In Ve- nezia, 1753, 2 vol. 4to. I have introduced this Italian work because of its excellency. It is an ar- ranged Catalogue of the best Italian books in all de- partments of literature. The above Edition is the best of this work. The annotations and corrections 260 F O of Apostolo Zeno are very judicious, and have con- tributed much to the merit of the work. The author, Justus Fontanini, was archbishop of Ancyra, born in Frioul in 1666, and died at Rome in 1736. Forcellini Lexicon totius Latinitatis, 4 vol. fol. Patav. Typ. Sem. 1771, 4to. Forcellini spent almost the whole of his life on this work ; and good judges allow it to be one of the best works of the kind extant. It sells for 7 or 8 guineas. Venantii Fortunati Opera, a Christ. Browero, 4to. Mogunt. Balth. Lippius, 1603. Edit. prin. 4to. Mogunt. 1617. a Mich. Ang. Luchi, 4to. Roma?, 1786 87, 2 vol. Edit. opt. Carmina, 8vo. Par. 1624. Carmina, in Maittaire's Corp. Poet, Lat. Lond. 1713, fol. vol. 2. p. 1693. Expositio Fidei Catholica?. In Mr. Waterland's History of the Athanasian Creed t Camb. 1724, 4to. p. 171 180. Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus was bishop of Poictiers, born in Italy, near to Tre- visa, some time in the 6th century. He studied first at Ravenna, and then went to Tours, where he be- came acquainted with Gregory, bishop of that place. He was afterwards taken into the friendship of Sige~ bert I. and became secretary to his queen, Hade- gonde. Many of his poetic productions "are owing to his intimacy with this princess, and Agnes abbess of St. Croix, into which monastery Radegonde had F O 261 retired. Calumny said the intimacy between Fortu- natus and the queen was too great, because she ften sent him little presents, which he repaid with complimentary verses, impromptu's, &c. some of which are scarcely so very grave as is consistent with the austerity of the episcopal character , but they are such as may well be supposed to pass very inno- cently among friends. Amatus Fornacius, Amator ineptus. Palladii, 1633, 12mo. Fornarius de Animae Immortalitate, Bonon. 1519, 4to. Rare and curious. de Peccato Originali et Conceptione intemeratae Mariae Virginis. Paris. 1496. Hare and singular. Caracteres Generum Plantarum quas in itinere ad Insulas Maris Australis collegerunt, descripserunt, delinearunt, annis 1772 -1775, Joannes et Georgius Forster. Lond. 1776, infol. max. cum fig. Forsteri Biblia Hebraica, sine punctis, 2 vol. 4to. Oxon. 1750. A correct and elegant work. Joan. Forsteri Dictionarium Hebraicum. Basil. 1 557, fol. This is an excellent work. The author was a protestant divine, born at Augsburg in 1495. He taught Hebrew at Wittemberg, where he died in 1556. He was an intimate friend of Reuchlin, Melancthon, and Luther. I believe a second Edi- tion of his Hebrew Dictionary was printed at Basil in 1564. Leonardi Forth Romani Comitis Palatini Libel- lus de Re militari, et variis Instruments bellicis, quo- . 262 F O rum express*? sunt imagines, metris conscriptus in vulgari Lingua Graeca. Venet. ad insigne Sirenis t 1531, 8vo. A book so rare, that scarcely a copy is to be met with in the most select libraries. Fortunatiani (Curii) Opuscula quaedam, 4to. Mediolani, sine alianota. Connected with. 7)io?iy sit Alicarnassai Pr&cepta de Oratione Nuptiali et Net* talitia ; a Theodoro Gaza in Lalinum truducia. i Artis Rhetorics; Scholia?, libri 3. a P. Nannio, 8vo. Lovanii, 1550. cum Piaef. Valent. Erythrai, 8vo. Argent. 1568. Nicius Enthralls, i. e. Vittorio Rossi, (for he chose to translate his Italian name Into Greek) pub- lished this work separately, for the use of his own scholars. He thought it more commodious than Suintilian, or the books of Here unius attributed to Cicero, and that it contained the marrow of the Greek and Latin Rhetors. Nicius Erythraus, or Victor Rossi, died in 1 647. This work of Fortunatianus is found among the Rhetcres antiqui, Venet. Aid. 1523, fol. et Parisiis, 1599, 4to. Fortunatianus Curius, or Chrius, as he is some- times written, was an African, and flourished under Gordian and Philip, about A. D. 240. Linguae Sinarum, Mandarinicae, Hieroglyphicae, Grammatica Duplex, auctore Stephano Fourmont, Paris. 1742, fol. Meditationes Sinicae, Parisiis, 1757, foL F R 26$ Stephen Fourmont, the author of these works, was an astonishing genius, born at Herbelai, near Paris, in 1683. He had a prodigious memoiy, and, when but a lad at school, learned all the Greek roots in the Port Royal Grammar so perfectly by heart, that he could repeat them correctly, either backwards or forwards, While at school he wrote Les Ratines tie la langue Laiine mises en vers Francois, a work which would have done honour to a master. He was eminent in Greek, Persian, Syriae, Arabic, He- brew, and even Chinese. He is author also of a va- luable French work, entitled, Reflexions critiques sur les hisloires des anciens peuples jusques au terns de Cyrus, Parisiis, 1735, 2 vol. 4to. He died at Paris in 1745. Christus Triumphans Comcedia Apocalyptica, au- thore J. Foxo, Basil. 8vo. Veiy scarce. The au- thor wasjhe famous John Fox, the martyrologist. Fragmenta, Grace, et Lat See Collections, vol. 2. p. 289 and p. 297. Fracastorii (Ilieron.) Opera inter quae Poe- jna quod inscribitur, Syphilis. Ven. Junta?, 1584,4to. Opera Poetaca. Patav. 1718, Svo. i Opera omnia. Patav. 1735, 2 vol. 4to. Jcrom Fracastor was born at Verona, about 1484, with his lips so closed, that a surgeon was obliged to cut them asunder. While an infant, his mother was kilted by lightning, while she held him in her arms, but he escaped without any injury ! He was a man of great learning and gentleness of man- ners, and is chiefly remarkable for the elegance with 26* F R which he wrote in Latin. His Poem, entitled, Sy- philis sive de Morbo Gallico, is written with great ease, taste, and elegance, on the model of Virgil's Georgics ; and though the subject he has chosen is of the most abominable kind, yet he has treated it in a very decent manner, not unworthy even of Virgil himself. GaoEguFKAVC. de Frankenau, Satyrae Medicse xx. Lips. 1722, 8vo. de Palingenesis, sive Resuscitatione artificiali Plantarum, Hominum, et Animalium e suis Cineribus ; a Christ. Neliringio revisus. Halae. 1717, 4to. A singular and curious work, in which the author solidly demonstrates the possibility of the future resurrection of the body. George Franck de Frankenau was a physician, born at Naiimburg in 1643. When only 18 years of age he was created -poet laureat at Jena ; and he merited that honour by his talent for correct poetical compositions in German, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. He was afterwards professor of medicine at Heidel- burg and Wittemburg. Christian V. king of Den- mark, made him his physician and aulic counsellor : and the emperor Leopold made him count palatine in 1692. He died in 1704. Franci (JacobiJ Tabula; ^gyptiorum Hierogly- phics, fol. 1 604, cum fig. Franchini Gafari, Theorica et Practica Musi- cae. Mediol. 1496. Lib.perrar. Francowitz. See Flaccus lllyricus. Christians Franken Colloquium Jesuiticura, ad F R 265 recte cognoscendam Jesuitarum Religionem, &c. Basil. 1580, 8vo. Scarce. Francisci (Saiicti) (d'Assise) et Sancti Antonii (de Padua) Opuscula, a P. Jo. de la Haye, fol. Aug. Vindel. 1739, 3 vols. Commendable only for the. s imple and pious style in which they are written. The former died in 1226, and the latter in 1231. Frassen {Claudii) Disquisitionis Biblica?, Parisiis, 1682, 4to. Edith secunda, Par. 1711. Editioter- iia, Luccas, 1764, 2 vol. fol. Much improved. Scotus Academicus, seu Doctoris Subtilis Theologica Dogmata, Paris. 1672, 4 vols. fol. The author was one of the doctors of the Sorbonne, and died at Paris in 1711, aged 91 years. Recitus Veritabilis Esmeuta terribili Paysanorum de Ruellio, a Jano Carillio Fray, absque anno. Epistola Macaronica Arthusii ad D. de Pa- risiis super attestatione sua justificante et nitidante Patres Jesuitas, absque nota Editionis. De Beiio Huguenotico Poema, absque loco et anno, 8vo. Small macaronic pieces difficult, to be met with. Germanicarum Rerum Scriptores aliquot insignes de gestis a Carolo Magno ad Carolurn V. collect! per Marquardum Freherum ; recognitietillustrati, cum indicibus per B. Gothelfium Struvium, Argent. 1717, 3 vols. fol. Best Edition. Freheri {Pauli) Theatrum Virorum Eruditione clarorum, cum eorundem Iconibus, Norimb. 1688, 2 vols. fol. 3L. 3s. Several hundred portraits. Du Fresne. See Cange. Aa 26S F R Freytag Apparatus Litterarius de libris raris, Lips. 1752, 3 vols. 8vo. 10s. 6d. Frischlini Facetipe Selectiores, Bebelii, Poggii, et Alphonsi regis Facetiae, Prognostica Henricum, anni, 8vo. Argent. 1609, et 1623, 5s. Priscianus Vapulans, hicodemi Frischlini Co- moedia lepidissima, faceta, utilis, &c. scripta in lau- dem hujus saeculi, cum figuris personarum, Argent. 1580, 8vo. fig. Phasma, hoc est, Comcedia posthuma, nova et sacra, de variis ha?resiarchis, auctore Frischlino anno 1619, 12mo. Nicodemus Frischlin was born at Balinghen, in the dutchy of Wittemberg, in 1647. He had a con- siderable talent for poetry. For his comedy of Re- becca, the emperor Rodolph caused him to be crown- ed solemnly with a golden laureate crown at the Diet of Ratisbon : and for some of his verses he was imprisoned in a tower in 1590, from which, endea- vouring to escape, he was killed in the 43d year of his 3ge. Fritschii (Jkasueri) Princeps peccans, sive Tractatus de peccatis principum, Jenoe, 1672, 8vo. Froelich (Erasmi) Quatuor tentamina in Re nummaria vetere, Vien. Austr. 1717, 4to. Annales Compendiarii Regum et Re- rum Syrise nummis veteribus illustrati et deducti ab obitu Alexandri Magni, ad Cn. Pompeii in Syriam adventum, cum Prolegomenis et Nummorum Ico- nibus. Vien. Austr. 1744, fol. Dubia de Minnisari aliorumque Armenia? Regum F R 267 Nurnmis et Arsacidarum Epocha nuper vulgatis pro- posita ptv Erasm. Froelich. Vien. Aust. 1754, 4ta. Numismata Cimelii Caesarei Regii Austriaci Vin- tfobonensis quorum rariora iconisrais, coetera Cata- logis exhibita jusso Maria Teresiae Imperatricis ; opera et studio V. Duval, Erasm. Froelich, et P. Jos. Khell, Vindob. 1755, 2 vol. fol. Sexti Julii Frontini de Aqu&ductibus et Strata- gemata, ex recens. Godeschakki Stewechii, a Petro ticriverio, 4to. Lugd. Bat. 1607. a Rob. Keuchenio, 8vo. Amst. 1661. - I 1 a Jo. Sulpicio et Pomponio Ltrta, fol. absque ulla nota. Thejirst Edition, with Vitruvius. fol. Venet. sine typ. nomine, 1494. A very rare Edition. fol. Florent. sine typ. nomine, 1496. With Vitruvius. fol. Venet. Simon. Papicnsis, dictus Bevilacqua, 1497. With Vitruvius. a Jo. Jocundo, 8vo. Florent. Junta, 1513 and 1522, cum fig. With Vitruvius. de Aquaductibus, ex eadem Editione, 8 to. 1523, sine alia nota. This is a counterfeit of the Junta Edition. 4to. Bat. 1530. This contains many- fragments, several of which do not belong to Fron- tinus. - de Aquaductibus^ a Georgia Macha* ropioeOy 4to. Argent, in oflkina Knoblochiana, 1543, and ib, 1550 : with Vitruvius. " a Jean. Po/eno, 4to. Patar. 1722, Edit. Aa2 268 F R opt. A. rare work, illustrated with plates, and with such excellent notes as few classics can boast. 10s. 6d. Frontin. de Aquaduct. a Georgio Christ. Ad* iero, /Etona?, 1792. 8vo. Stratagemata, ex recens. Phil. Bero- aldi, fol. Bononia?, 1495. Some mention an Edition done at Bologna in 1486, but whether any such Edi- tion exists is doubtful. a Petto Scriverio, 12mo. Lugd. Batav. 1644. a Joan. Frid. Gronovio, 12mo Lugd. Bat. 1675. cum Not, var. et Fraticis. Oudenorpii, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1731, et 1779. The second is the better Edition. 10s. 6d. 1 2mo. et Vegetius de Re militari, 2 vol, Paris. 17623, 14s. 12iiio. Paris. Jo. Vallart, 1763. a Nic. Schwebellioy 8vo. Lips. 1772. Good Edition, 4s. 8vo. Bipont. 1779, 13s. Oudenorpii, Edit. nov. 8vo. Bipont. 1788, 5S. Flav. Vegetii Renati de Re militari Sexti Julii Frontini de Stratagematis, JEliani de instruendis Aciebus, Modesti de Vocabulis Rei militaris ; item Picture bellicee cxx. passim Vegetio adject*. Col- lata sunt omnia ad antiquos Codices, maxime Bud the authority of an unedited ms. in the Bodleian Library ; which had not been consulted bv the for- mer editors ofJEsap. But all this is very uncertain- Whether such a person as JE&op ever existed is doubtful: who Gabrius, or Babrius, was, nobody knows : whence the fables attributed to these per- sons came, who can teli ? Probably they are all -of Indian origin ; and the Heetopades of Vtshnoo Sar~ ma was the root whence the whole sprung. Gabrius, or Babrius, is supposed to have lived in the 4th century, but the Abbe Boni thinks the fa- bles attributed to him were made by one Ignatius, a deacon of the church of Constantinople, in the 9th century. These contradictory opinions of the learned shew the darkness in which the question concerning the ancient mythologists is envelloped* See yEsoP and Ph.edrus, Gaddi (Jacobi) Critico-historicum Opus de Scriptoribus non ecclesiasticis, Grsecis, Latinis, Itali- cis, Tom I. Florent. 1648, rbL Tom. II. Lugdun. 1649, fol. Rarely found complete, because the vo- lumes were printed at different places. Gaffarelli {JacobiJ Curiositates inauditae, de cguris Persanim Taiismaeids, cum. X oris, et ex Edi- 276 G A tione Gregorii Michaelis, Hamburghi, 1676, 2 vols. figuris. The best Edition. Gaffarelli Abditae Cabala Mysteri Defensa, Par. 1625, 4to. Index Codicum Cabalistorum mss. quibus usus est J. Picus Mirandula, Parisiis, 1654, Sro. i Quaestio paciflea, num Religionis dissidia, per Philosophorum Principia, per antiquos Christianorum orientalium Libros rituales, et per propria Hzereticorum Dogmata conciliari possint, Paris. 1645, 4to. James Gaffarel was born at Mannes in Provence, in 1601, and died in 1681. He was librarian to the Cardinal de Richlieu. No person has penetrated more deeply into cabalistic and occult philosophy than Gaffarel. His Curiosiiates inaudita is indeed a most curious work. It was translated by Mr. Chamberlain, and published at London in 1650, 8vo. with the following title, " Unheard of Curiosities, concerning the Tatismanical Sculpture of the Per- sians, the Horoscope of the Patriarchs, and the reading of the Stars." It is a feast for an occult phi- losopher, but it is very scarce. It is said that cardinal Richlieu employed Gaffarel to endeavour to unite the Catholics and Protestants, and that, in order to this, he wrote the work entitled, Qitcestio Pacifica. Gaguini {Roberti) Epistolas et Orationes de Conceptione B. Virginis Mariae, necnon Epigram- mata, &c. Par. 1498, 4to, To be perfect the work should have, either in the middle or at the end, a G A 277 small piece, entiled, De variis Vita * humana In- commodis. This tract is in Roman ; but the book itself is in Gothic characters* Roberti Gaguini Compendium de Francorum Gestis. Paris, ap. Ant. Bonnemere, 1518, 8vo. de Arte Metrica, ejusdem versi. Parisiis, Gering. circa 1477, 4to. Disceptatio Oratorum duorum Regum Romanf, (Jacobi Phiniphelingi) scilicet- et Franci, (Roberti Gag^jin'i) super raptu illustrissinaae Ducissas Britan- nic* (1492) 4to. Goth. Epistolae et Orationes, Opuscula, &c. Pa- ris. Gerler, 1498, 4to. Ordin. Sanctiss. Trinitat. Generalis Mir nistri, Compendium super Francorum Gestis a Pha- ramondo usque ad annum 1497 : fol. ab ipso recog- nitione et auctum. Parisiis, Kerver, 1500. A. very rare book, even where it was published. Only three copies were done on Vellum. Of a fine copy in the Harleian Collection the following is a description. " The subscription of this book is as follows . Pr et Com- ment, illustravit De Stbsck, Lat. et Fr. fol. Amstcl. 1724. A beautiful and very useful work for those who study Antiques. Antiquas Ant. Marc. Zanetti, Notis Gorii, Venet. 1750, fol. Geometry {Jo.) Hymni 5 in B. Dei-param, a Frid. Morellio, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Par. 1591. Genesius (Josephus) et Alii, Gr. et Lat. fol. VeH. 1733. In the Byzantine Collection, ll. 4s. Gennadii Patriarchs Constantinopolitani, et Sanctas cum eo congregate Synodi, ad Sanctissimos omnes Metropolitanos, et ad Papam urbis Rom*e Cc 290 G E Epistola encyclica, Graecc et Latine, in Guil. Beve~ rigii Pandect. Canon. Tom. 2, Pars. 1, Oxon, 1672, fol. p. 181. Gennadlus was at first called Georgius Scholar is ; he was made patriarch of Constantinople after it was taken by the Turks in 1453, and was invested with that office by Mahomet II. who, after the cus- tom of the Greek emperors, put the pastoral staff in his hand : but seeing the troubles increase, he ab- dicated in 1458, and retired to a monastery in Ma- cedonia, where he died about A. D. 1460. He is allowed to have been one of the most learned Greeks in the 15th century. Previous to the taking of Con- stantinople he was judge-general of the Greeks, se- tary to the Emperor, and his preacher in ordinary. Gensii (Jac.J Victimae Humans Gentilium ; Opus complcctens modos, ceremonias, et tempora quibus olim homines Diis suis immolabant, ethuma- nam sanguinem libabant, Groningaj, 1677, 12mo. Geographi Antiqui Mmores, Oxonia?, 2 vols. 8vo. 1792, ll. Is. See Collections, vol. 2. p. 293. Geoponici, see Do. p. 294. Georgii {Franc.) Veneti, de Harmonia Mundi totius, Canticatria, Vcnetiis. 1525, fol. This is the best and most valued Edition of this work. Excerpta ex Georgii Medici Chrysosocca Syn- taxi Persarum, per Ismaekm Bullialdum, Graec. et Lat. in Jo. Hudsoni Geographic Veteris Scrip ton- bus Grtecis minoribits, Oxon. 1712, 8vo. vol. 3. Georgius Acropolita. See Acropolit.e. Cedrenus. See Cedrenus. Codinus. See Codinus. G E 291 Georgius Lecapenus. See Gaza. Pachymeres. See Byzant. Writers. Pisidia. See Byzantine Writers. - Syncellus. See Byzantine Writers, Gerberti Epistolas, a. J. Massono^to. Par. 1611. Disputatio Christianorum et Judasorum, 4to. Romas, 1544. Rithmomachia, fol. Lips. 1616. Con- nected with Opera de Lusu Schaccorium, published under the name of Gustavus Selenus. Very rare, Gerbert was born in Auvergne, and became suc- cessively archbishop of Reims, archbishop of Raven- na, and lastly bishop of bishops, or pope of Rome, under the name of Sylvester II. A, D. 999. Oa this account a singular verse was made. Transit ab R. Gerbertus ad P. Jit Papa regens R. The three 72's mark his three episcopal residences, Reims, Ravenna, and Rome. He was the first Frenchman that was honoured with S. Peter's chair. Gerbert was the most learned man of his time. He was a great lover and collector of books, cultivated all the arts and sciences, and was the first after Boe- thins, who applied himself to mathematical studies. In 1 64$, his tomb was discovered in the Latran. He was in his pontifical habit, with his tiara on his head. The body seemed in perfect preservation, but when it was touched it fell all into dust! nothing remained but his ring and a silver cross. Sic transit gloria ?)iimdi ! Gcviius supposes that the treatise De Limitibus, et de Re Jgraria, attributed to Frontinus, was compos- Ccii 292 G E ed partly by Junius Nipsus, and partly by this philo- sophical prelate. Novum Testamentum Graece, ex recension. Nic. Gsrbelii, Hagenoae, Thorn. Ansel. Badensis, 1521, 4to. An extremely rare Edition. Arati Phcenomena, a Germanico Ctesare Lati- nis versibus tradita, 4to. Venet. Antonius de Strata Cremonensis, 1438. . a Guil. Morello, 4to. Par. Morel. 1-559. ' cum Proclo, Leontii Sp/iara, Rufo Festo Avieno y et antiquo Scholiaste, 8vo. ex oific. Sanctandreana, 1589. To be found also in the Casare/ Familice Car- tnma, fol. Venet. Aid. 1499 ; which Edition was counterfeited, Gr. et Lat. fol. Regii, Mazzoli, 1502. Some Epigrams, attributed to Germanicus, are found in the Poematia vetera, a Petro Pilhceo, I2mo. Par. 1590. and Coburg. 1715, 1716, 8 vo. Casar Germanicus was son of Drusus and the virtuous Antonio, niece of Augustus. He was at first qucestor, and afterwards consul, A. D. J 2. He defeated and subdued the Germans ; whence he was styled Germanicus. It is said that Tiberius his un- cle, jealous of his great successes, caused Piso to poison him at Daphne. He was a wise, prudent, and amiable man, a very skilful captain, and an ele- gant scholar. By his wife Agrippina he had nine children, one of whom was Caligula, a son utterly unworthy of such a father. He died in the 34th year of , his age. Germon (Barth.) De veteribus Regum Franco- G7E 293 rum Diplomatibus et Arte Secernendi antiqua Diplo- mata vera a falsis disceptatio, ad Joan. Mabillon, Par. 1703, 12mo. Germon. Barlh. Disceptatio Secunda ad Jo, Mabillon, Par. 1706. 12mo. De Veteribus, &c. adversus Theod. Rui- nart ; et Justi Fontanini Vindicias atque Epistolas Clarorum Virorum Dominici Lazarini, et Antonii Gatti, Par. 1707, 1 2mo. These three treatises may be considered of some importance in reference to the immortal work of Mabillon to which they owe their origin ; and to which they were vainly opposed. Bartholomew Germon was a Jesuit born at Or- leans in 1663, and died in that city in 1718. Gersonii Opera omnia, ex Edition. Ellis Dup in, Antv. 1706, 5 vols. fol. Hagae Comit. 1728, 5 vols, fol. 2to* Edition. Compilatio Devota super Psalmum Magnificat, Editio anni 1473, fol. 2l. 12s.6d. Veiy rare. Floretus, una cum Commento Magistri Jo. Jarso?i, (Gerson) per Magistrum Johannem Fa- bric 1494, die 21 Junii, 4to. Foy scarce. The same work as the Floretus already mentioned. Concordantias Evangelistarum vel Mo- notessaron, fol. Goth. Printed about A. D. 1471. Conclusiones de Diversis Materiis Mo- ralibus. Tractatus de Remediis contra Pusilanimi- tatem, Scrupulositatem, contra deccptorias inimici Consolationes, &c. editus, Colonial, (circa 1470) Cc 3 294 G E 4tp. r-Scrmo de Conceptione VirginisMariae, per Joan. Guldenschaff, (circa 1470) 4to. ll. lj. Gersonii Tractatus de Pollutione Nocturna, an impcdiat celebrantem, vel non. Tractatus de Cogni- tione Castitatis, et Pollutionibus diurnis. Forma Absolutionis Sacramentalis, per Olric Zel de Hanau> circa 1470, 4to. Goth. - < i De Passionibus Aniraae. Alphabetum Divinae Amoris. De Modo Vivendi Omnium Fi- ^elium, &c. Colon, per Olric Zell t (circa 1 470) 4to. -r-r Tractatus Varii. De Examinations Doctrinarum. DeDuplici Statu in Ecclesia Dei.' Admonitio brevis et necessaria quomodo caute le- genda sunt, quorumdam libri propter errores occult tos. De Appellatione cujusdam Peccatoris a divina Justitia ad divinam misericordiam. Opus Unionis Jcclesiae. Bubium quoddam de Delectatione in Servitio Dei. Tractatus de Simonia, sine anno, &c. fol. .Goth. ' Expositio super septem Psalmos peni ; tentiales, sine anno, 4to. ll. Is. r- De Imitatione Christi, Paris. P. Hig- man Aimanum. 1489, 8vo. The Jirst Edition of that vevy blessed work generally attributed to Tho- mas a Kenipis, long unknown to bibliographers. See Kempis. Donatus (Arte Grammaticus per Allegoriam tra- ductus) Venerabilis Magistri Joan. Gerson, circa annum 1476. John Gerson is said to havebeen a Benedictine ab- bot of Verceil, who flourished in the i 3th century. G E 295 But some suppose him to be an imaginary author. The controversy concerning the true author of the Imitation of Christ, generally ascribed to Thomas a Kempis, and by some to Gerson, has led the Kern- pisians to call even the existence of Gerson into question Indeed there is no proof sufficient to con- vince a sceptic on this subject, that either Gers$n or Kempis is the real author. The holy man who wrote it, probably never owned it, being contented with that honour that comes from God : and those who first discovered it were led to attribute it to cer- tain holy persons who had lived near those times, and whom, from their exalted piety, they supposed capable of writing so excellent a work. Gervasii Epistolce ad Personas sui Temporis il- lustres, a Norberio Cailleu, 4to. Hannon. 1662. The author was bishop of Seez, and flourished about A. D. 1210. Gervasii Tilburiensis Otia Imperialia, 4to. Helmstad. 1678. Gervaise of Tilbury was an Englishman, nephew to Henry II. He was in great credit with OthoIV. to whom he dedicated the above work, which is a chronicle of all the kings of Eu- rope. He flourished in the 13th century, and wrote a history of England, and one of the Holy Land, which are not much esteemed. Gesneri (Conradi) Opera Omnia Botanica, ex Editione Cas< Christ. Schmiedel, Norimb. 1754, fol. Historiae Naturalis Animalium, Libri 5; Quadrupedum, Avium, Piscium, et Serpentum, Ti- guri, vol. 1, 1551 ; vol. 2, 1555 ; vol. 3, 1558 ; et 296 G E vol. 4, 1 587. 4 vols. fol. To have this work com- plete, care must be taken, 1 , That all the volumes be of the Zurich Edition, and not Zurich and Frank- ford intermixed, as is frequently the case. 2. That the part which relates to the natural history of ser- pents, and the little tract on the nature of the scor- pion, be included. The Edition of Frankford, 1620, 4 vols. fol. is not so much esteemed. Icones Animalium; Quadrupedum, Viviparorum, et Oviparorumquae in Historia Conradi Gesneri Animalium describuntur, &c. Tiguri excudebat C. Froschoverus, 1553, fol. Historia Plantarum Fasciculus, a Schmie- del, Norimb. 1759, fol. de raris et admirandis Herbis, quas sive quod noctu luceant, sive alias ob causas lunarice no- minantur, &c. Commentariolus. Tiguri, 1555, 4to. . Idem Opus. Hafniae, 1569, 12mo. cum fig. de omni Fossilium Genere ; Gemmis, Lapidibus, &c. Tractatus, Tiguri, 1565, 8vo. de Chirurgia Scriptores optimi veteres et recensiores. Tigur. 1555, fol. Annotationes in Rei Rustica Scriptores> Lips. 1735, 2 vol. 4to. et ib. 1773. Isagoges in EruditionemUniversalem, per Niclas, Lips. 1784, 2 vols. Svo. 14s. Theologi Veteres Orthodoxi, fol. Tiguri, 1559. Mithridates, sive de Differcntiis Lingua- rum quae hodie apud diversas nationes in toto orbe in usu sunt, Tiguri, 1610, Svo. Very rare. It was G E 297 first published in. 1555, with a piece containing the Lord's Prayer in many languages. Conrad Gesner, surnamed the German Pliny, was born at Zurich in 1 5 1 6 . He professed medicine and philosophy with great reputation. After having spent his whole life in the cultivation of literature, he wished to finish his days among his books. Feel- ing himself attacked with the plague, he desired to be carried into his study where he expired, Dec. 22, 1569, in the 49th year of his life. The follow- ing epitaph was made for him. Ingenio vivens naturam vicerat omnem ; Natura victus conditur hoc tumulo. Bern says, " Gesner possessed all the knowledge which Pliny and Varro shared between them." This is very good ;.but Gesner probably would have known less than either, had not Pliny and Varro both wrote before him. To him we owe the first idea of determining the genera of plants by their flowers, &c. See Vol. 17 des Memoires duP. Niceron. Novus Lingua? et Eruditionis Romanae Thesaurus, post Rob. Stephani et aliorum curas digestus, locu- plctatus et emendatus, a Joan. Matthia Gesnero, Lips. 1749, 4 torn, in 2 vol. fol. 51. 5s. Specimen Rei Nummariae, cum Prole - gomenis et amplissima veterumNumismatum Colec- tione, Tiguri, 1735, 2 vol. fol. Lib.perrar. 61. 6s. Gesneri (Johannis) Tractatus Physicus de Pe- trificatis in duas partes distinctus, &c. Lugd. Eatav. 1758, 8vo. Numismata Return Macedonia? Omnia. Tabulis 29S G E seneis representata, digessit et Notis Variorum Doc- tissimorum Virorumillustrata, edidit J. Jac. Gesne- RUs,Tiguri, 1738, 4 vols. fol. 121. 12s. Pompa Introitus Ferdinandi Austriaci in Urbera Antverpiam, anno 1635, cum figuris Petri Pauli Rubenii, et Commentariis Casp. Gevartii, Antv. 1642, fol. Eadem Pompa Introitus Ferdinandi in urbem Ant- verpiam, 15 Kal. Man, anno 1635, Arcus, Pegmata* Iconesque, a Pttro P. Rubenio, illustrabat C. Ge- vartius, Antv. 1641. A copy of this date, on vel- lum, but evidently the Edition of 1635, sold at Mr. VerdusserCs sale at Antwerp for 2000 livres. Gesta Romanorum. Printed by John de West, phalia, about 1473. Romanorum continentia Historias notabi- les, de Vitiis et Virtutibus cum Applicationibus mo- ralisatiis et mysticis, Venetiis, 1489, 18s. Another Edition, in every respect like the former, except the date, which is 1499. ll. Is. Dei per Franc, fol. Hanov. 1611, Lib. rar. ll. lis. 6d. This work is very properly joined to the Byzantine writers. It is a good collection of authors who have written the history of the various expedi- tions into the Holy Land, and who were contempo- rary with the events they describe, and therefore the more to be depended on. The chief of those wri- ters are, Robert the monk, who flourished in 1120, Baldric archbishop of Dola, Raymundus Padiensis, Albertus Aquensis, Fulcherius Carnotensis, Gual- lerius Cancellarius, Gilbert abbot of Neufontaines, G I 299 GuUielmus or Willermus archbishop of Tyre, Ja- cobus de Filriacoy Epistles of different persons, &c. See Bongarsius. Historia Metropolis Salisburgensis, continens pri- mordia Christiana; Religionis. per Bajoariam et loca vieina, &c. a Wiguleo Hundio et Chr. Gewoldo. Ratisbona?, 1719, 3 torn, in 1 vol. fol. Joannis Geyler Navicula sive Speculum Fatuo- rum, a Jacobo Ottcro Collecta, complectens Sermo- nes quadrigessimales. Argentor. 1513, 4to. The Edition of 1511 is equally prized. Promptuarium Artis Argentariae ; invenit ac deli- neavit Jo. Giardini, Roma?, 1750, fol. fig. A very- useful work for silversmiths, &c. Corpus Juris Canonici cum Notis et ex Editione Petri Gibert, Colonise, 1735, 3 vol. fol. Edmimdi Gibson Chronicon Saxonicum, seu An- nates in Rerum Anglia praecipue Gestarum aChristo nato ad annum usque mcliv. deduct!, &c. Opus La- tine et Saxonice conscriptum, Oxon. 1692, 4to.- A learned, curious, and scarce work. Ant. GtGGEii Thesaurus Linguae A rabica? ; seu Lexicon Arabicum Latinum. Mediolani, e Collegii Ambrosiani Typographic, 1632, 4 vol. fol. This is a very valuable work, but much inferior in point of utility, conveniency, and correctness, to that of Go- lius, see Golii Lexicon Arab. Giggeus was a doctor of the Ambrosian college at Milan. He flourished at the commencement of the seventeenth century. Gilberti or Guiberti Opera, a Luca Dacherio, fol. Par. 1651. 300 G I Gilberti Sermoncs super Cantica Canticorum, Florent. per Nicolaum, 1485, sexto -decimo Calendas Maias, fql, St. Gilbert is also one of the writers in the Gesta Dei per Francos. Gilbert was a French nobleman, who took the Cross with king Lewis the Young whom he accom- panied to Palestine in 1146. On his return, he embraced the monastic life, and he and Petronilla his wife founded the abbey of Neufontaines in Au- vergne, in 1151. He died the following year. GiLDAsBritannus Monachus cui Sapientis Cogno- mentum est inditum, de Calamitate, Excidio, et Con- questu Britannia; quam Angliam nunc vocant, Lond. 1526, Svo. Dedicated to bishop Tonstal. Gild.?: cui, &c. de Excidio et Conquestu Britan- nia; ac flebili Castigatione in Reges, Principes, et Sacerdotes Epistola: vetustiss. excmp. auxilio, amen- dis plurimis vindicata, &c. Lond. Daye, 1563, Svo. De Excidio Britannia; Liber Quaerulus ex antiquissimis manuscriptis Codd. Cantabrigiensi, in Th. Gale Script. Hist. Brit. Oxon. 1691, fol. Tom. 1. p. 1 39. GildaSy surnamed ike JVise, was born at Dumbri- tonin Scotland (some say in Wales) about A.D. 520. He preached the faith in England, and Ireland, and afterwards went to France, where hebuiltthe monas- tery of Ruis, in which he died in 57 1 . He is the only British writer of the 6th century whose works have been published. Lhrerpeol, printed by J. Kuttall, No. a j, Duke-stfect. THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LfvSh This book is DUE on the last date stamped below K Tf %>1 & 1 1011 [Clarke] - A bibliogra- m 8 C54b | 1802 phical dic- tionary. v * 5 fe i Mfc* 1$'' '^^^PSP'V v i0t PR^^^,^