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THE FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
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 MEDALS OF 
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1. Second Troop of 
 Horse Guards, 1687. 
 
 2. 5th Drafioon 
 Guards, 1087. 
 
 3 and 4. lud Dragoon 
 Guards, 1742 
 
 5. General Grove's 
 
 Regiment (loth 
 
 Foot), 1720. 
 
 6. 27111 Inniskilling 
 Regiment, 1747- 
 
 7. 103rd Regiiuent, 
 
 1780. 
 
 8. tjtli Regiment 
 
 (Second Hattalion), 
 
 1812. 
 
 Plate i. Early Regimental Colours and Standards 
 
JHE FLAGS 
 
 OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY> 
 
 INCLUDING STANDARDS, GUIDONS, 
 COLOURS AND DRUM BANNERS 
 
 By STANLEY C. JOHNSON, 
 
 M.A., D.Sc, F.R.E.S. 
 
 Author of "The Medali of Our Fighting Men," "Peeps at Poitag* 
 Stampi," etc. 
 
 WITH EIGHT FULL.PAGE 
 PLATES IN COLOUR 
 
 A. & G. BLACK, LTD. 
 4, 5 & 6 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON, W. 1 
 
To Mt Brother 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Royal Garrison Artillery 
 A UNIT OF the Army in 
 WHICH the Guns Serve the 
 Purpose of Regimental 
 Standards. 
 
 Publiikad, Ifll. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Very little has been written in the past dealing with the 
 subject of the standards, guidons, colours, etc., of the British 
 Army. Scattered amongst Regimental histories, biographies 
 of illustrious soldiers, and military periodicals, a fair amount 
 of information may be discovered, but it is, of necessity, 
 disjointed and difficult of viewing in proper perspective. 
 Many years ago, a capital book was written by the late 
 Mr. S. M. Milne, entitled " Standards and Colours of the 
 British Army." Unfortunately, this work was pubUshed 
 privately and, accordingly, did not receive the full measure 
 of appreciation which it merited. 
 
 Students of Army Flags should consult this book when- 
 ever possible ; also " Ranks and Badges of the Army and 
 Navy," by Mr. O. L. Perry ; and the articles which appeared 
 in The Regiment during the latter weeks of 1916. Messrs. 
 Gale & Polden's folders dealing with Army Flags are also 
 instructive. 
 
 The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to 
 Mr. Milne, Mr. O. L. Perry, and the Editor of The Regiment. 
 He is also very grateful for the assistance extended to 
 him by Lieutenant J. Harold Watkins and Lieutenant 
 C. H. Hastings, Officers in charge of the Canadian War 
 Records. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Chapter Pase 
 
 I. — Introduction i 
 
 II. — A History of Military Colours . . 6 
 
 III. — Standards, Guidons and Drum Banners 
 OF THE Household Cavalry, Dragoon 
 Guards and Cavalry of the Line . . 36 
 
 IV. — Yeomanry Guidons and Drum Banners 47 
 
 V. — The Colours of the Foot Guards . . 54 
 
 VI. — The Colours of the Infantry . . . . 64 
 
 VII. — Colours of Our Overseas Dominions . . 115 
 
 VIII. — Miscellaneous Colours 121 
 
 IX. — Battle Honours 124 
 
 Appendix. — Regimental Colours of Canadian 
 
 Infantry Battalions 139 
 
 Index . . 147 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 IN COLOUR 
 
 I. — ^Early Regimental Colours and 
 
 Standards Frontispiece. 
 
 Faciko 
 
 2. — Cavalry Standards, Guidons and Drum '*" 
 
 Banners 36 
 
 3. — Colours of the Foot Guards 54 
 
 4. — Saving the Colours of the Buffs at Albuhera 68 
 
 5. — Colours of the Infantry of the Line 
 
 (Regular Battalions) 80 
 
 6. — Regimental Colours of the Territorial 
 
 Force 98 
 
 7. — Colour Party of the 15TH Sikhs . . . . 116 
 
 8. — Miscellaneous Guidons and Colours . . . . 122 
 
THE FLAGS OF OUR 
 FIGHTING ARMY. 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 Ever since the time when the Romans went into battle, 
 inspired by the vexillum or labarum, military flags or 
 colours have commanded a respect bordering almost 
 on the sacred. Our own history is crowded with incidents 
 which go to prove this contention. Who is there, for 
 instance, who has not heard of the gallant deeds of 
 Melvill and Coghill, two heroes who lost their lives in 
 an endeavour to preserve the Queen's colour after the 
 disastrous Zulu encounter at Isandlwanat Or let us 
 take the case of Lieutenant Anstruther, a youngster of 
 eighteen, in the Welsh Fusiliers. In defending the colour 
 he carried up the treacherous height-s of the Alma, a 
 shot laid him low, and eager hands snatched up the 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 emblem without a moment's hesitation lest it should 
 fall into the possession of the enemy. No one thought 
 of the danger which might overtake them whilst guarding 
 the cherished but conspicuous banner ; all were resolved 
 to perish rather than it should be wrested from their 
 grasp. And, let it be said, five men won the Victoria 
 Cross that day at the Alma for their gallant defence of 
 the colours. At the battle of Albuhera, in 1811, a colour 
 of the 3rd Buffs was canied by Ensign Thomas. The 
 French attacked in great force, and, surrounding Thomas, 
 called upon him to give up the silken banner. Thomas's 
 answer was discourteous, but to the point ; a moment 
 later he lay dead, and the French bore away the flag 
 with triumph. To the credit of the Buffs, we must add 
 that the emblem was back in their possession before 
 nightfall. These are just a few cases in which men have 
 been ready, and even eager, to make the great sacrifice 
 rather than lose their colours. They could be readily 
 multiplied a hundredfold. 
 
 Fortunately, we have now reached an age when valuable 
 lives can be no longer spent In defending mihtary flags 
 against the onslaughts of enemy rivals, for, to-day, 
 there is a rule in our army regulations which forbids the 
 taking of colours into the field of action. Before setting 
 out to meet the foe, they are placed in safe keeping, and 
 the rites which attend this ceremony partake of the, 
 utmost solemnity. 
 
 If mihtary flags, which comprise the standards, guidons 
 and drum banners of the cavalry, and also the colours of the 
 infantry, have been reverenced in war, they are equally re- 
 spected in peace time. They may never be sent from place 
 to pktc« without a propwly constituted escort, which " will 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 pay them the customary honours," and an army regula- 
 tion says that " standards, guidons, and colours when 
 uncased are, at all times, to be saluted with the highest 
 honours, viz., arms presented, trumpets or bugles sounding 
 the salute, drums beating a ruffle." When new colours 
 are taken into service their reception is impressively 
 conducted, and the old ones are trooped before being 
 cased and taken to the rear. 
 
 The following miscellaneous instructions are given in 
 the King's Eegulations with respect to military flags 
 in general : — 
 
 " Standards and guidons of cavalry will be carried by 
 squadron serjeant-majors. Colours of infantry will be 
 carried by two senior second-lieutenants, but on 
 the Une of march all subaltern officers will carry 
 them in turn. 
 
 " Standards, guidons and colours are not to be altered 
 without the King's special permission signified through 
 the Army Council. 
 
 " The consecration of colours will be performed by 
 chaplains to the forces, acting chaplains, or officiating 
 clergymen in accordance with an authorised Fomi of 
 Prayer. 
 
 " The standard of cavalry, or the King's colour of 
 battalions of infantry, is not to be carried by any guard 
 or trooped, except in the case of a guard mounted over 
 the King, the Queen, and Queen Mother, or any member 
 of the Royal Family, or over a Viceroy, and is only to be 
 used at guard mounting, or other ceremonials, when a 
 member of the Royal Family or a Viceroy is present, 
 and on occasions when the National Anthem is appointed 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 to be played ; at aU other times it is to remain with the 
 regiment. The King's colom' will be lowered to the 
 King, the Queen, the Queen Mother, and members of the 
 Eoyal Family, the Crown, and Viceroys only." 
 
 Special regulations apply to the Brigade of Guards, 
 as follows : — 
 
 " The colours of the brigade will be lowered to His 
 Majesty the King, Her Majesty the Queen, the Queen 
 Mother, members of the Eoyal Family, the Crown, 
 Foreign Crowned Heads, Presidents of Eepublican 
 States, and members of Foreign Eoyal Families. 
 
 " The King's colour is never to be carried by any 
 guard except that which mounts upon the person of His 
 Majesty the King, or Her Majesty the Queen, or the Queen 
 Mother. 
 
 " The regimental colours will only be lowered to a 
 field marshal, who is not a member of the Eoyal Family, 
 when he is colonel of the regiment to which the colour 
 belongs. 
 
 " A battalion with imcased colours meeting the King's 
 Life Guards or King's Guard, will pass on with sloped 
 arms, paying the compliment ' eyes right ' or ' eyes left ' 
 as required. 
 
 "A battalion with cased colours or without colours, 
 or a detachment, guard, or reKef, meeting the King's 
 Life Guard or the King's Guard with uncased standard 
 or colour, will be ordered to halt, turn in the required 
 direction, and present arms ; but will pass on 
 with sloped arms, paying the compliment of ' eyes 
 right ' or ' eyes left ' as required, if the standard or 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 colour of the King's Life Guard or King's Guard is 
 cased." 
 
 Two regulations which affect the whole of the Army 
 may well be given in conclusion : — 
 
 " Officers or soldiers passing troops with uncased 
 colours will salute the colours and the CO. (if senior). 
 
 " Officers, soldiers, and colours, passing a military 
 funeral, will salute the body." 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 A HISTOEY OF MTLITABY COLOUES 
 
 In the period 1633-1680, the first five infantry regiments, 
 as we know them to-day, were established, and this may 
 be taken as a convenient point from which to begin a 
 study of the standards and colours of our Army. Before 
 this time the military forces of England and Scotland 
 went into battle with a full array of waving emblems, 
 decorated with rampant lions, powdered leopards, spread 
 eagles, and other gaudily -painted devices, but these were 
 usually the symbols of the knights and patrons who raised 
 the forces. Such flags possessed much heraldic or arch- 
 aeological interest, but few claims on the student of mihtary 
 lore, and may be thus set aside with the reminder that, 
 if knowledge of them is required, it may be gained from 
 such sources as the roll of Karlaverok. 
 
 The first real military flags of which we have definite 
 records were those used in the Civil Wars. The cavalry 
 possessed standards revealing all manner of decorative 
 symbols with mottoes telling of their leader's faith in 
 God, their hatred for the enemy, and the trust which 
 they placed in Providence. The infantry forces bore 
 colours devised with more regularity of purpose. Each 
 colonel flew a plain white, red or other coloured flag ; 
 lieutenant-colonels were known by a flag bearing a small 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 St. George's Cross in the upper left-hand canton ; whilst 
 other oflacers possessed flags similar to those of the 
 lieutenant-colonels but bearing one, two, three, or more 
 additional devices, according to rank, such devices being 
 lozenges, pile-wavys (i.e., tongues of flame), talbots, etc., 
 usually placed close up to the head of the staff. 
 
 At this period Scottish forces favoured flags bearing 
 a large St. Andrew's Cross, in the upper triangle of which 
 a Eoman numeral was placed to denote the owner's 
 rank. 
 
 In 1661, under the date of February 13th, what was 
 probably the first royal warrant to control regimental 
 colours, was issued by the Earl of Sandwich, Master of 
 the Great Wardrobe. It ran : 
 
 " Our Will and pleasure is, and we do hereby require 
 you forthwith to cause to be made and provided, twelve 
 colours or ensigns for our Regiment of Foot Guards, 
 of white and red taffeta, of the usual largeness, with 
 stands, heads, and tassels, each of which to have such 
 distinctions of some of our Eoyal Badges, painted in 
 oil, as our trusty and well-beloved servant. Sir Edward 
 Walker, Knight, Garter Principal King-at-Arms, shall 
 direct." 
 
 This warrant is of much interest ; it tells us that the 
 early standards were painted and not embroidered ; 
 that they were made of white or red material — ^white 
 was a sign of superiority, whilst red pointed to extrava- 
 gance, as it was more costly than blue, yellow, etc. ; 
 and it told us that the Guards were to display the Eoyal 
 badges, which they do to this day. (All these badges are 
 dealt with in a separate chapter.) 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 In later years, the small St. George's Cross which, as 
 we said above, figured in the upper corner of the flag, 
 gained more prominence and filled the whole of the 
 fabric. This may be considered the second period in 
 the history of regimental colours. The reader will readily 
 see that this change in English flags was brought about 
 by contact with the Scottish regiments which had flown 
 for many years previously their colours bearing large 
 crosses of St. Andrew. 
 
 An interesting flag of this period is that of the 
 Coldstream Regiment (date about 1680). A drawing 
 of it may be seen in the Eoyal Library at Windsor Castle. 
 The groundwork of blue taffeta is quite plain for the 
 colonel. The lieutenant-colonel's banner is blue, with a 
 large St. George's Cross, edged with white ; whilst the 
 major flew a similar banner, to which was added a white 
 pile-wavy issuing from the top left-hand corner. The 
 captains' banners are like that of the major, but bear a 
 distinguishing Eoman numeral to show seniority of rank. 
 
 Li piecing together the history of the early Army flags, 
 a certain Nathan Brooks has given us much valuable 
 assistance. He went to Putney Heath on October Ist, 
 1684, to see the King review the troops, and was wise 
 enough to write down a description of the colours which 
 figured in the function. Probably no better account of 
 the flags of this period is still available. Here it is : — * 
 
 "The King's Own Troop of Horse Guards and 
 Troop of Grenadiers. — The standard, crimson with the 
 royal cypher and crown ; the guidon, differenced only 
 from the standard by being rounded and slit at the ends. 
 
 * Quoted from S. M. Milne. 
 
 8 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 "The Queen's Troop of His Majesty's Horse 
 Guards and Troop of Grenadiers. — The standard and 
 guidon as the King's. 
 
 " The Duke's Troop of His Majesty's Horse Guards 
 and Troop of Grenadiers. — The standard and guidon 
 of yellow damask, with His Eoyal Highness's cypher 
 and coronet. 
 
 "The Regiment of the Horse Guards (now the 
 Eoyal Horse Guards, the Blues), eight troops. — The 
 standard of the King's troop, crimson, with the imperial 
 crown, embroidered ; the colonel's colour flies the royal 
 cypher on crimson ; the major's, gold streams on crim- 
 son ; the first troop, the rose crowned ; the second, a 
 thistle crowned ; the third, the flower de luce, crowned ; 
 the fourth, the harp and crown ; the fifth, the royal 
 oak ; all embroidered upon the crimson colours. 
 
 "The King's Own Royal Regiment of Dragoons, 
 
 commanded by John, Lord Churchill. — The colours to each 
 troop thus distingTushed : the colonel's, the royal cypher 
 and crown embroidered upon crunson ; the heutenant- 
 colonel's, the rays of the sun, proper, crowned, issuing 
 out of a cloud, proper, and is a badge of the Black 
 Prince's. The first troop has, for colours, the top of a 
 beacon, crowned or, with flames of fire proper, and is a 
 badge of Henry V. The second troop, two ostriche's 
 feathers crowned argent, a badge of Henry VI. The 
 third, a rose and pomegranate impaled, leaves and stalk 
 vert, a badge of Henry VIII. Fourth troop, a phoenix 
 in flames, proper, a badge of Queen Elizabeth ; each 
 embroidered upon crimson. 
 
 c 9 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 " First Regiment of Foot Guards (of twenty-four 
 companies). — The King's company, standard all crimson, 
 cypher and crown embroidered in gold ; the colonel's 
 white with the red cross (St. George's), the crown or : the 
 lieutenant-colonel's, the same cross, with C.E. crowned 
 or : the major's, C.E. and crown, with a blaze crimson 
 (i.e., a flame issuing from the top left-hand comer of 
 the flag) ; the first company, with the King's crest, which 
 is a lion passant guardant crowned or, standing on a 
 crown. (Brooks then gives the remaining company 
 badges which are set out in full later.) 
 
 '' Colestream or Cauldstream Regiment of Foot 
 Guards. — This regiment flyes the St. George's Cross, 
 bordered with white in a blew field (c.f. above). 
 
 " The Royal Regiment of Foot, commanded by 
 <he Earl of Dumbarton, flyes a St. Andrew's Cross, 
 with a thistle and crown circumscribed in the centre, 
 'Nemo me impune lacessit.' 
 
 " The Queen's Regiment of Foot, commanded by 
 the Hon. Piercy Kirk, flyes a red cross bordered with 
 white and rays as the admirals (see below), in a green 
 field, with Her Majesty's royal cypher in the centre. 
 
 " The Duke of Albany's Maritime Regiment of 
 Foot. — The Admiral flyes the red cross, with rays of the 
 sun issuing from each angle of the cross, or. 
 
 " The Holland Regiment of Foot (afterwards the 
 3rd Buffs) flyes the red cross bordered white in a green 
 field. 
 
 " Her Royal Highness, the Duchess of York and 
 Albany's Regiment of Foot (4th King's Own) flies a 
 
 10 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 red cross in a yellow field, bordered white, with rays, as 
 that of the Admiral's, with H.B.Highness's cypher in 
 the centre." 
 
 Having completed the quotation from Brooks, we 
 are able to give an extract from an old M.S., which is 
 interesting when read in conjunction with the above 
 descriptions of Army flags : — 
 
 " The imbroidered cypher and crowne on both sides 
 Ye Bang's owne colours, £3 . 10 . 0. 
 
 " For painting and guilding ye other 23 colours and 
 crownes on both sides one with another at 15s. a 
 side, £34 . 10 . 0." 
 
 Clearly this extract refers to the First Eegiment of 
 Foot Guards, and shows that the King's colours were 
 embroidered, whilst the Company colours were merely 
 painted. Before this time, we know that most flags 
 were painted and, afterwards, that the tendency was 
 for them to be embroidered. It seems fair, then, to infer 
 from this that when the King reviewed his troops at 
 Putney Heath, the period was one of transition from 
 paint^ to embroidered decoration. 
 
 Passing on to the reign of King James II., it seems 
 that he evolved many changes which were but little 
 appreciated in the military quarters in those days. An 
 authority of the time, named Sandford, who wrote a 
 book entitled, " A History of the Coronation," describes 
 some of the Army flags as follows : — 
 
 "1st or King's Guards. — The standard of the 
 King's Own Company was of crimson silk, embroidered 
 in tb« c«ntr« with the royal cypher, J.E., ensigned with 
 
 11 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 (i.e., having above it) an imperial crown in gold. The 
 colonel's, also of crimson siLk, was not charged with any 
 distinction or device. The lieutenant-colonel's colour 
 was of white sUk with the cross of St. George throughout 
 (i.e., covering the flag) of crimson silk, in the middle of 
 which was painted an imperial crown in gold. The 
 major's colour was distinguished by a pile-wavy of crim- 
 son silk issuing out of the dexter chief of the first quarter 
 (i.e., the corner of the flag nearest to the top of the staff), 
 and an imperial crown of gold in the centre of the cross. 
 The eldest captain's colour was distinguished by one of 
 the King's cyphers, viz., J.E., interlaced, and an imperial 
 croTSTi painted in the middle of the cross, of gold ; the 
 second captain was differenced by two royal cyphers 
 and crowns in the cross ; the third, by three ; the fourth, 
 by four ; and so on every captain to the twentieth who 
 had his cross charged with twenty cyphers and crowns. 
 And thus they appeared at James's coronation. 
 
 " Coldstream Guards. — ^His Majesty did then also 
 direct that the alterations following should be made in 
 the ensigns of this his second regiment of Foot Guards, 
 that they might be more agreeable to the colours of the 
 first regiment ; for, excepting the colonel's ensign, 
 which was purely of white taffeta, the other eleven were 
 charged with crosses of crimson taffeta throughout. 
 The Ueutenant-colonel's, without distinction. The 
 major's had a pile-wavy. The cross of the eldest captain 
 was charged on the centre with the figure I. in white, 
 ensigned with an imperial crown of gold painted thereon ; 
 the second with II., the third with III., the fourth, IV., 
 
 12 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 and so forward to the ninth captain who was distinguished 
 by IX., each of them under an imperial crown of gold. 
 And thus did these ensigns fly at the coronation." 
 
 With the help of Sandford's description, and a series 
 of coloured plates, which may be seen in the library at 
 Windsor, we are able to get a very correct impression 
 of the Army colours of this period. Generally speaking, 
 they were remarkable for their brilliant colouring, their 
 fanciful fabric, their lack of similarity one with another, 
 and their show of private as opposed to royal badges. 
 In this latter connection, the colours of James showed a 
 clear harking back to the pre-Eeformation days. Our 
 first figure, on Plate I., reveals an attractive colour of 
 the period ; it represents the standard of the Second 
 Troop of Horse Guards, date about 1687. The angels 
 which support the large central crown were taken from 
 a popular French device, whilst the three small crowns 
 placed near the lower edge, refer to the King's claim to 
 the crowns of England, Ireland and France. The central 
 cypher, it may be well to point out, is not F.E. but J.E. 
 The second illustration reveals the Earl of Shrewsbury's 
 rampant Hon on a yellow field. There is a difference of 
 opinion as to whether the background should not be 
 lightish buff, but the Windsor plates certainly favour 
 the colour as given in Fig. 2. The flag is the colonel's 
 standard of Shrewsbury's Eegiment of Horse (now the 
 5th Dragoon Guards). 
 
 We have hinted that this was an era of much decora- 
 tion, but to this rule there is one outstanding exception 
 — ^we refer to the Scots Guards. In this case, the 
 colonel's colour was plain white, a favourite flag of 
 
 13 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 earlier times. The lieutenant-colonel's was the national 
 flag of Scotland, a white St. Andrew's Cross on a blue 
 field. The major's was the same, but with a pile-wavy 
 issuing from the upper comer of the cross, and the cap- 
 tain's as the lieutenant-colonel's, but with a silver numeral 
 placed on the uppermost blue triangle. All were provided 
 with silver and blue tassels, and a silver spear surmounted 
 the pole, emblems which served to distinguish the flags 
 of the Scots Guards from the national flags which were 
 current at that time. 
 
 From the end of the reign of James 11. to 1707, when 
 England and Scotland formed a legislative union, we 
 can trace but little in the progress of military colours. 
 The Union, however, came and left a very clear impress 
 on the banners of the time. Wherever the red cross of 
 St. George had been used, it was modified with the white 
 cross of St. Andrew, together with its distinctive blue 
 triangular fields. As a rule, the authorities favoured 
 the use of small crosses, placed in the upper canton, 
 rather than large ones covering the whole fabric, for this 
 enabled a fairly big portion of the flag to be used for 
 displaying the arms of each particular military unit. 
 A typical example of this period is shown in Fig. 5. 
 Here we have the colonel's colour of Greneral Grove's 
 Eegiment, afterwards the 10th Foot (now the Lincoln- 
 shire Regiment). The talbot, the motto, and the ermine 
 representations were all features in the crest borne by 
 General Grove. The date of this flag is 1726. Fig. 6, 
 which shows the colours of the 27th or Inniskillinir 
 Regiment, is also typical. Its date may be put down nt 
 tbout 1747. 
 
 14 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 The union did not appear on the infantry colouis 
 alone, during this period ; it also figured, but to a lesser 
 extent, in the cavalry standards, as may be noted from 
 the following interesting quotation from Milne.* 
 
 " Very little is known about cavalry standards from the 
 time of James II. until the middle of the next century ; 
 no drawings or evidence of any kind seem forthcoming. 
 One solitary specimen has been preserved, however, and 
 that of great interest, namely, the Dettingen standard 
 of the old 8th, subsequently 4th Horse (afterwards 7th 
 Dragoon Guards). 
 
 ** A record of this regiment gives a very full and 
 detailed account of its bravery at Dettingen, under the 
 command of its well-known colonel, Major-General John 
 Ligonier, who was created a knight-banneret on the 
 field of battle by the King (George II.) in person, and 
 further proceeds to relate that Cornet Eichardson, 
 carrying a standard, was surrounded by the enemy and, 
 refusing to surrender, received upwards of thirty sabre 
 cuts in his body and through his clothes. His standard 
 and standard lance were also damaged but he brought his 
 precious charge out of action. 
 
 " During the winter the standards, so much damaged 
 in the battle as to be unfit for use, were replaced by 
 new ones from England, and each cornet was presented 
 with the one he had carried, as a testimony to his good 
 conduct. That presented to Cornet Eichardson is still 
 carefully preserved by his descendant and represen- 
 tative. 
 
 " It is made of crimson silk brocade, about twenty-four 
 inches square, edged with gold and silver fringe, with a 
 
 • p. 63. 
 15 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 small union, three inches square, in the upper corner ; 
 one side, the obverse, presents the crest and motto of the 
 colonel. General Ligonier (a demi Uon issuing out of a 
 ducal coronet) with his motto, " Quo fata vocant," on 
 a scroll above ; the reverse gives his full coat of arms, 
 crest, shield and motto, surrounded with a handsome 
 trophy of standards, trumpets, and implements of war, 
 all finely worked in gold embroidery." 
 
 The feature of providing each side of the standard 
 with a different pattern, mentioned above, was unusual. 
 
 So far we have seen that with but one or two excep- 
 tions, no restrictions were put upon the regimental authori- 
 ties in designing their own colours. Each unit was free 
 to select its devices at will, and choose whatever colouring 
 seemed to fit its banners most. In 1743, however, a 
 Eoyal Warrant was issued which checked this freedom 
 of design. It ran : — 
 
 " The Union colour is the first stand of colours in all 
 regiments, royal or not, except the Foot Guards. With 
 them the King's Standard is the first as a particular 
 distinction. 
 
 " No colonel to put his arms, crest, device, or livery 
 in any part of the appointments of his regiment. 
 
 " The first colour of every marching regiment of foot 
 is to be the great Union ; the second colour is to be the 
 colour of the facing of the regiment, with the Union in 
 the upper canton ; except those regiments faced with 
 white or red, whose second colour is to be the Eed Cross 
 of St. George, in a white field and a Union in the upper 
 canton. In the centre of each colour is to be painted, in 
 gold Eoman figures, the number of the rank of the 
 
 16 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 regiments, witMn a wreath of roses and thistles on one 
 stalk, except those regiments which are allowed to wear 
 royal devices or antient badges ; the nmnber of their rank 
 is to be painted towards the upper comer. The length 
 of the pike and colours to be the same size as those of 
 the Foot Guards ; the cord and tassels of all colours to 
 be crimson and gold. 
 
 " All the Eoyal Begiments, the Fusilier and the Marine 
 Eegiments, the Old Buffs, the 5th and 6th Eegiments, 
 the 8th or King's Eegiment, and the 27th or Inniskilling 
 Eegiment are distinguished by particular devices, and 
 therefore, not subject to the preceding articles for 
 colours. 
 
 " The Standards and Guidons of the Dragoon Guards, 
 and the Standards of the Regimental Horse, to be of 
 Damask, embroidered and fringed with Gold or Silver. 
 The Guidons of the Eegiments of Dragoons to be of 
 Silk. The Tassels and Cords of the whole to be of Crimson 
 Silk and Gold mixed. The size of the Guidons and Stan- 
 dards, and the length of the Lance to be the same as 
 those of the Horse and Horse Grenadier Guards. 
 
 " The King's or first Standard and Guidon of each 
 Eegiment to be Crimson, with the Eose and Thistle, 
 conjoined, and Crown over them, in the Centre : His 
 Majesty's Motto, ' Dieu et mon Droit,' underneath. The 
 White Horse in a Compartment in the first and fourth 
 corners ; and the Eank of the Eegiment in Gold or 
 Silver Characters on a Ground of the same Colour as the 
 Facing of the Eegiment in a Compartment in the second 
 and third Corners. 
 
 " The second and third Standard and Guidon of each 
 Corps to be of the Colour of the Facing of the Eegiment, 
 
 D 17 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 with the Badge of the Eegimeut in the centre, or the 
 Eank of the Eegiment in Gold or Silver Eoman char- 
 acters, on a crimson ground, within a Wreath of Koses 
 and Thistles on the same stalk, the Motto of the Eegiment 
 underneath. The \Vhite Horse, on a red ground to be 
 in the first and fourth Compartments ; and the Eose and 
 Thistle conjoined upon a red Ground in the second and 
 third Compartments. The distinction of the third Stan- 
 dard or Guidon to be a figure 3 on a circular ground of 
 Eed imderneath the Motto. Those Corps which have 
 any particular badge are to carry it in the centre of theii" 
 second and third Standard or Guidon, with the Eank of 
 the Eegiment on a red ground within a small Wreath of 
 Eoses and Thistles in the second and third comer." 
 
 This warrant is" remarkable from the fact that it swept 
 aside many customs which had taken years, even cen- 
 turies in some cases, to mature, and instituted new ones 
 which, with slight modifications, have remained till 
 to-day. The details set out for the Dragoon Guards are 
 particularly elaborate, so much so that few people seem 
 to know just what to make of them. JMilne says that the 
 Dragoon regulations did not come into use very rapidly 
 because they were not understood. To support this 
 contention, he quotes the following Annual Inspec- 
 tion Eeturns. " 1st Dragoon Guards. Shrewsbury, 
 November 5th, 1750. The inspectmg officer reports 
 Standards received in 1740, and in bad condition, the 
 regiment waitmg for a pattern from His Eoyal Highness 
 the Duke." Again, 6th Dragoons. Ipsmch, November 
 22nd, 1750 : " Waiting for a pattern from His Eoyal 
 Highness the Duke." Evidently, says Mine, it was 
 
 18 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 found difficult to work from the priuted details, and 
 there appears to have been delay in settling the precise 
 form the numerous badges should take until the com- 
 mander-in-chief had sanctioned a pattern standard. 
 When the patterns were decided upon they were prac- 
 tically identical to those in use to-day, and far more 
 elaborate than those they displaced, as a reference to 
 Figs. 3 and 4 will show. In these figures, two forms of 
 the standard of the 2nd Dragoon Guards of J.742 are 
 given. 
 
 The 1743 warrant gave rise to much uncertainty, even 
 outside the section which referred to the Dragoon Guards, 
 and, consequently, it is not surprising to find that many 
 official orders and " letters " were issued giving advice 
 and information telling how the various regulations 
 were to be carried out. One such document determined 
 the measurements of the Army Union flag, which were, 
 of course, not those of the national Union flag. The 
 horizontal edge was given as 6 ft. 6 ins., the vertical edge, 
 6 ft. 2 ins. ; the width of the St. George's Cross, 
 1 ft. 1 in. ; the width of the white edging to the St. 
 George's Cross, 5 ins. ; the width of the St. Andrew's 
 Cross, 9 LQS. (The diagonal red cross of St. Patrick did 
 not then form part of the Union). Also, the length of 
 the pike was 9 ft. 10 ins. ; the length of the cords with 
 tassels, 3 ft. ; each tassel was 4 ins. ; and the length of 
 the spear-head of the pike, 4 ins. 
 
 The idea of controlling the regimental colours by the 
 higher authorities seems to have found favour and, as 
 a result, further regulations were issued in a supplementary 
 warrant in 1747.* Colonel Napier, who was responsible 
 
 * Prepared in 1747, but issued in 1751. 
 
 19 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 for this document, decided upon the following par- 
 ticulars : — 
 
 First Regiment or the Royal Regiment. — ^In the 
 
 centre of all their colours, the King's Cipher* within the 
 circle of St. Andrew and Crown over it; in the three 
 comers of the second colour (i.e., the regimental colour), 
 the Thistle and Crown. The distinction of the colours of 
 the 2nd battalion is a flaming ray of gold descending from 
 the upper comer of each colour towards the centre. 
 
 Second or the Queen's Royal Regiment. — ^In the 
 
 centre of each colour, the Queen's Cipher, on a red 
 ground, within the Garter and Crown over it ; in the three 
 corners of the second colour the Lamb, being the ancient 
 badge of the regiment. 
 
 Third Regiment or the Buffs. — ^Li the centre of 
 both their colours, the Dragon, being their ancient badge, 
 and the Kose and Crown in the three comers of their 
 second colour. 
 
 Fourth, or the King's Own Royal Regiment. — In 
 
 the centre of both their colours, the King's Cipher on a 
 red ground, within the Garter, and Crown over it ; in 
 the three corners of their second colour the Lion of 
 England, being their ancient badge. 
 
 Fifth Regiment. — Li the centre of their two colours, 
 St. George killing the Dragon, being their ancient badge, 
 and in the three corners of their two colours, the Eose 
 and Crown. 
 
 Sixth Regiment. — In the centre of their two colours, 
 
 * Napier's spelling is adhered to. 
 
 20 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 the Antelope, being their ancient badge, and in the three 
 comers of their second colour, the Eose and Crown. 
 
 Seventh, or the Royal Fusiliers. — In the centre of 
 their two colours, the Eose within the Garter and the 
 Crown over it ; the White Horse in the corners of the 
 second colour. 
 
 Eighth, or the King's Regiment. — In the centre of 
 both their colours, the White Horse on a red ground, 
 within the Garter and Crown over it ; in the three 
 comers of the second colour the King's Cipher and 
 Crown. 
 
 Eighteenth Regiment or the Royal Irish. — In the 
 
 centre of both their colours, the Harp in a blue field, and 
 the Crown over it, and in the three corners of their second 
 colour, the Lion of Nassau — King WilUam the Third's 
 arms. 
 
 Twenty-first, or the Royal North British Fusiliers. — 
 In the centre of their colours, the Thistle within the 
 circle of St. Andrew and Crown over it, and in the three 
 comers of the second colour, the King's Cipher and 
 Crown. 
 
 Twenty-third, or the Royal Welsh Fusiliers. — In 
 
 the centre of their colours, the device of the Prince of 
 Wales, viz., three feathers issuing out of the Prince's 
 coronet ; in the three comers of the second colour, 
 the badges of Edward the Black Prince, viz., a Eising 
 Sun, a Eed Dragon, and the Three Feathers in the 
 coronet ; motto, " Ich Dien." 
 
 Twenty-seventh, or the Inniskilling Regiment. — 
 
 Allowed to wear in the centre of their colours a Castle 
 
 21 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 with three turrets, from the middle one of which flies a 
 St. George's Cross, all on a blue field, and the name 
 ' Inniskilling ' above. (See Fig. 6). 
 
 Forty-first Regiment, or the Invalids. — In the 
 
 centre of their colours, the Eose and Thistle, on a red 
 ground, within the Garter; a Crown above. In the 
 three corners of the second colour, the King's Cipher 
 and Crown. 
 
 Of the period beginning with the year 1751, Milne 
 writes as follows :* " An entirely new era is now being 
 entered upon ; a complete break has taken place in the 
 continuity of the colours of the British infantry ; the 
 colonel's and heutenant-colonel's flags have disappeared!, 
 together with their gaudy and ever varying private 
 armorial devices, distinctive perhaps to the educated, 
 but to the unlettered rank and file emblematical of but 
 Uttle. 
 
 " In their place, boldly and resolutely stands the regi- 
 mental number, simple in form, easily recognised, easily 
 remembered, forming a rallying point in the minds of 
 soldiers, which, as decade after decade passed away, 
 became indissolubly connected with some glorious deed, 
 in its turn becoming a matter of history, adding lustre 
 to the regimental number, and so, gradually, but surely, 
 building up that wonderful esprit de corps which has stood 
 the nation in good stead on so many occasions. 
 
 " Extremely plain at first, only the number within its 
 flowery surroundings, the flowers will be observed to 
 
 * p. 105. t Cf. the Foot Guards. 
 
 22 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 become more ornate ; tokens of lionom', the remembrance 
 of some gallant action or campaign, added from time to 
 time, and ultimately the names of victories duly and 
 discreetly authorised to be emblazoned : and all 
 surrounding and centreing upon the old regimental 
 number, ever enhancing its value in the ej^es of those who 
 had the honour of serving under it." 
 
 The Ainerican War of Independence, as the reader 
 may justly suppose, marks another period in tlie history 
 of mihtary flags. In those days it was customary, though 
 not the immutable rule, to carry these emblems into the 
 line of battle, and as this period of fighting brought us 
 many reverses the effect on the colours was often dis- 
 astrous. Many were taken by the enemy, many more 
 were worn to shreds, and a few were hidden and lost. 
 It is forgotten by some of us that American raiders 
 infested om' shores and sank numbers of British vessels. 
 The toll of ships led, at times, to the loss of colours. 
 Here is a case in point. 
 
 Eeport of an Inspection of the 81st Aberdeenshire 
 Highlanders, at Kinsale. " Colours wanting ; were 
 taken on passage from England to Ireland by an Ameri- 
 can privateer. A new stand maldng in Dublin." 
 
 As a result of all these happenings, many regiments 
 will be foimd to have had new colours at some time 
 during the period 1776-83. 
 
 Continuing our history, we find that the next step to 
 note concerns the placing of battle honom^s on military 
 flags. The first of these distmctions was " Emsdorf," 
 and was given to the 15th Light Dragoons in 1768. Ten 
 
 23 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 years later, the second distinction, " Gibraltar," was 
 awarded to a quartette of regiments. It was the King's 
 appreciation of the forces which withstood the fierce 
 siege with " red-hot potatoes " under the command of 
 General Eliot, afterwards Lord Heathfield. The official 
 intimation of this grant is worth quoting in extenso. 
 
 " April 28th, 1784. I seize the opportunity to acquaint 
 you further that His Majesty has been graciously pleased 
 in commemoration of the glorious defence made by those 
 regiments which comprised the garrison of Gibraltar 
 during the late memorable siege of that important 
 fortress to permit the 12th, 39th, 56th, 58th Eegiments 
 which made a part of it, to have the word ' Gibraltar ' 
 placed upon their grenadier and light infantry caps, 
 their accoutrements and drums, as likewise upon the 
 second colour of each of those regiments, just underneath 
 their respective numbers. 
 
 " William Fawcett, Adjt.-General." 
 
 It will be noticed that the distinction was to be fixed 
 to the second or regimental colour, and not to that of 
 the King's — a rule which holds till this day, with but a 
 few exceptions. 
 
 The Act of Union, which linked together the parliaments 
 of England and Ireland in. 1801, had a considerable but 
 obvious influence on the objects of this study. Hardly 
 was there a flag in the whole of the Army which did not 
 become obsolete by this union. Many of them were 
 retired, and fresh ones provided, but the general plan 
 was to modify the existing specimens. This was done 
 by sewing red strips along the white limbs of the St. 
 
 24 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 Andrew's Cross to provide for the St. Patrick's Cross, 
 and by adding shamrocks to the wreath of leaves and 
 flowers which encircled the regimental badge. MUne says 
 that the intrusion of the shamrock was in all cases mani- 
 fest, so that examples of this date may be recognised 
 with ease. 
 
 It is worth mentioning that colours are often modified 
 or altered to keep abreast with changing circumstances ; 
 new ones are not always provided the moment they 
 become obsolete in one or more small particulars. The 
 same writer from whom we just quoted describes the 
 changes which the standard of the Coldstream Guards 
 underwent during a period of some sixteen years. " When 
 originally made, ... the central garter star (i.e., the 
 regimental badge) and the wreath richly embroidered 
 in gold bulhon, but -without the shamrock, and possibly 
 the crown, were all that appeared on the plain crimson 
 silk ground. The union with Ireland, 1801, necessitated 
 the introduction of the shamrocks . . . they have been 
 squeezed into places when scarcely room could be found 
 for them. ' Egypt ' and the ' Sphinx ' having been 
 authorised, they would probably be added at the same 
 time, ' Egypt ' on a blue silk label, immediately under 
 the wreath, the ' Sphinx ' within a laurel wreath of 
 gold embroidery, in all the four comers. The standard 
 continued in this state until 1814, when the honours, 
 ' Lincelles, Talavera, Barrosa,' were authorised to be 
 used by the regiment. Consequently, they were added 
 in gold twist letters, on the crimson ground. Two 
 more honours, ' Peninsula and Waterloo,' were further 
 authorised in 1815-16, and added soon after on 
 crimson silk (some trouble must have been occasioned 
 
 E 25 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 in fitting the two last into their places, so little room 
 being left)."* 
 
 As time made the warrants of 1743 and 1747 more and 
 more antiquated, we find that regimental commanders 
 took ever increasing Uberties with the regulations set 
 down in those documents. To check such departures, 
 a Mr. George Naylor, the then York Herald, an appoint- 
 ment in the College of Arms, was given the post of 
 inspector of regimental colours in the year 1806. One of 
 Mr. Naylor's first actions was to issue a leaflet, which he 
 sent to every commanding officer, setting out certain 
 rules of paramount importance. The leaflet also gave a 
 representation of both the King's and regimental colours, 
 showing a blank central cartouche. This, he intimated, 
 was the standard pattern, and each commanding officer 
 was requested to fill in the details which were particular 
 to his own flags and return them for purposes of filing. 
 The designs which came back to Mr. Naylor clearly 
 pointed to the lack of uniformity which had sprung up 
 in the preparation of colours. Many flags had been 
 worked by ladies of title who were patrons of the local 
 unit, the daughters of the commanding ofiicers, and other 
 such people, whose qualifications to embroider were 
 greater than their understanding of heraldry. To Mr. 
 Kaylor, who knew what each flag should have borne, 
 the designs must frankly have been disappointing. In 
 some cases, the Egyptian Sphinx faced right instead of 
 
 *A Certificate has been issued to each man serving in the Cold- 
 streams during the War bearing the statement : " This is to inform 
 
 the relatives and friends of that he has served his King and 
 
 Country as a soldier, No. in the Coldstream Guards, during the 
 
 Great European War." The card is decorated with this colour 
 and one of later date. The idea might well be followed by other 
 regiments. 
 
 26 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 left ; in others, it filled the space reserved for the central 
 badge ; one instance is known wliere this device was 
 used as an ornament to cap the staff, and so heavily 
 was it cast in silver that those who carried it were " under 
 the necessity of unscrewing it when the regiment began 
 to move " ; a laurel wreath instead of the union wreath 
 was another substituted design. One of the filled-in designs 
 returned to the College of Arms showed a very dilapidated 
 flag, but the covering letter explained that, " the George 
 and Dragon has nearly disappeared from our King's 
 colour by a shell passing through it, though I trust his 
 spirit is left amongst us." 
 
 The period following on the peace which came with the 
 victory of Waterloo proved of great activity in the world 
 of mihtary colours. The old flags had seen much active 
 service and had become worn and torn, some had been 
 stripped from their supports in a moment of crisis and 
 hidden, whilst a few fell from the hands of their possessors 
 and became lost. Also, we must not forget that many new 
 battle honours had been recently won, and the fixing 
 of these distinctions would always be an unwise action 
 when the flags were showing signs of wear. Accordingly, 
 the regiments which were provided with new stands at 
 this time were considerable. 
 
 The post-Waterloo period was marked by the disappear- 
 ance of the central heart-shaped shield (Figs. 7 and 8) in 
 favour of a circle of red silk, which was divided into a 
 ring and an inner circle, the first for taking the territorial 
 designation of the regiment, and the second for showing 
 the regimental badge or number. (It should, perhaps, 
 be stated that royal regiments and those with higher 
 
 27 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 numbers than seventy seldom possessed territorial 
 designations at this time.) The central circle and ring 
 of crimson have remained until this day. Eoman gave 
 place to Arabic numerals, but the latter have since died 
 out ; the wreath became a little more elaborate, for 
 buds and extra leaves were introduced, and the sphinx 
 was definitely placed below the chief badge. A word 
 must be said respectiug the battle honours ; these were 
 fixed in almost any position and combination and no 
 rules were followed, partly because the number of honours 
 varied with each regiment and partly because few regi- 
 ments possessed sufficient to work up into a universal 
 pattern. Not many of the banners of this time were 
 painted, but, of course, the Foot Guards formed a notable 
 exception. When a line regiment flew a painted flag, it 
 was somewhat despised, and the inspection report was 
 worded in a condenming spirit. Here is an example : 
 " Colours only three years in use, much injured from 
 the circumstance of the arms and ornaments being 
 paiuted." 
 
 Another era of laxity sprang up about 1830. Colours 
 issued at this time displayed many departures from the 
 general rules. Arabic numerals once more found favour 
 for denoting the regimental numbers, county titles were 
 often missing, the wreath became more fanciful, and in 
 one case, the Northumberland Fusiliers, the badge of 
 St. George and the Dragon was encircled by the union 
 wreath, the central crimson circle being entirely missing. 
 Honours were commonly inscribed on the King's colours, 
 which was decidedly wrong. 
 
 The swing of the pendulum came in 1844, for in that 
 year an order issued from the Horse Guards decreed 
 
 28 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 that battle honours were not to figure on the King's or 
 Queen's colours, nothing was to be i)laced on them 
 beyond the regimental designation and the imperial 
 crown. This decision, which did not apply to the Foot 
 Guards, as they have always been a law unto them- 
 selves, was lamented by many people, as it robbed these 
 colours of much of their splendour. Milne thinks that 
 the edict was issued because battle honours were fast 
 growing in number, and if many of these were sewn on to 
 a jack which was already a combination of seams and 
 stitches the results would be disastrous in partly worn 
 specimens. 
 
 At this point we must go back to the years which 
 followed Waterloo, to discuss the standards of the 
 Cavalry. The Hussar regiments had discarded them 
 completely, and most, if not all, of the Lancers had done 
 the same. No Hussars or Lancers possess them to-day, 
 but, of course, their drum banners serve to display their 
 arms and appointments. 
 
 The shape of these flags received attention at this 
 time. The Life Guards and Horse Guards con- 
 tinued to fly square standards (there was an exception 
 in the case of The Blues, of which mention is made 
 later). The Dragoon Guards had favoured guidons 
 from the date of their inception in 1746, but were ordered 
 to carry square standards in 1837. The Dragoons 
 continued to use the guidon-shaped banner which they 
 selected in the days of the Stuarts, and which they still 
 carry. The Light Dragoons only possessed banners, 
 which were guidons, in three instances. 
 
 29 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 A King's regulation, dated June 1st, 1837, decreed 
 that : — 
 
 The Standards of the Dragoon Guards were " to be of 
 silk damask embroidered and fringed with gold. The 
 guidons of the regiments of Dragoons to be of silk. The 
 flag of the standard to be 2 ft. 5 ins. wide without the 
 fringe, and 2 ft. 3 ins. on the lance. The flag of the 
 guidon of Dragoons to be 3 ft. 5 ins. to the end of the sht 
 in the tail, and 2 ft. 3 ins. on the lance ; the first or royal 
 standard to be crimson, and the others of the colour of 
 the facings as before." These latter were of a curious 
 oblong shape, with straight edges to the portions cut 
 away in the fly. 
 
 Another official decree, dated August 18th, 1858, ran 
 as follows : — 
 
 " Her Majesty has been pleased to approve that 
 regiments of Dragoon Guards henceforth carry but one 
 standard or guidon, that the second, third and fourth 
 standards or guidons at present in use be discontinued 
 and that the authorised badges, devices, distinctions, 
 and mottoes be, in future, borne on what is now called 
 the Eoyal or first standard or guidon iu the Dragoon 
 Guards. N.B. — This not to apply to the Household 
 troops, who carry one standard per squadron." 
 
 This decree is a little difficult to understand as the third 
 and fourth standards had not been carried for many years 
 prior to the issue of the warrant. To-day, of course, 
 these regiments possess but a single flag, a combination 
 of royal and regimental colour in one. 
 
 A standard which has received much prominence, 
 and which forms an unwelcomed exception to the rule 
 
 30 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 that the Horse Guards fly square standards (see p. 29), 
 was presented to the Blues by William IV. in 1812, at 
 Windsor. We quote from a newspaper cutting : — 
 
 "At 12 the King and Queen with their suite and an 
 escort of the Third Dragoon Guards passed along the 
 front of the line in open carriages and, having taken 
 post LQ the centre, the guns fired and the troops saluted. 
 The troops having been wheeled inwards, and the officers 
 called to the front. Lord HUl placing himself before his 
 regiment, their Majesties, accompanied by the Dukes of 
 Cumberland and Gloucester, and PriQce George of Cum- 
 berland, with the Duchess of Cumberland and Princess 
 Augusta, taking their station in the centre, the standard, 
 richly wrought in gold and emblazoned with the trophies 
 of the Blues, was consecrated by the Chaplain to the 
 Forces. After an address, in which the King recapitu- 
 lated the motive of his gift, and the early origin and 
 distinguished services of the Eoyal Horse Guards, 
 His Majesty presented the standard to Lord Hill, who 
 respectfully received it on the part of his regiment. 
 The troops then resumed line, broke into column, and 
 marched past in ordinary and quick ^time." 
 
 This standard was guidon-shaped and of crimson silk ; 
 in the centre it had the cjrpher of William TV., forward 
 and reversed, interlaced, surrounded by a number of 
 battle honours, above which was the royal crown. In 
 the four corners were crowned emblems of the rose, 
 thistle and shamrock. 
 
 We are now drawing to the close of this historical 
 sketch, but before turning from the subject we must 
 
 31 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 mark the year 1855. About this time the miioii wreath 
 on the colours of the infantry regiments assumed the 
 style as we now have it ; the spear-head gave way for the 
 Hon and crown which now adorns the pike-tops, whilst 
 the cord and tassels were given a definite style which has 
 not been altered since. 
 
 About this time, also, a regulation was issued declaring 
 that " The regimental or second colour is to be the colour 
 of the facing of the regiment, with the Union in the 
 upper canton, except those regiments which are faced 
 with red, white or black. In those regiments which are 
 faced red or white, the second colour is to be the red cross 
 of St. George in a white field, and the Union in the upper 
 canton. In those regiments which are faced with black, 
 the second colour is to be the St. George's Cross : the 
 Union in the upper canton, the three other cantons, 
 black." 
 
 A more recent regulation has been framed which, in 
 a measure, modifies the one just quoted. We give it at 
 length : — 
 
 " The Colours of the Infantry are to be of silk, 
 the dimensions to be 3 ft. 9 ins. flying, and 3 ft. deep on 
 the pike, which, including the Royal Crest, to be 
 8 ft. 7| ins., the cords and tassels to be crimson and gold 
 mixed. 
 
 " The Royal or First colour of every regiment (of 
 infantry) is to be the Great Union, the Imperial colour 
 of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in 
 which the Cross of St. George is conjoined with the crosses 
 of St. Andrew and St. Patrick, on a blue field. The first 
 colour is to bear in the centre the territorial designation 
 
 32 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 on a crimson circle with the Eoyal or other title within 
 the whole, surmounted by the Imperial Crown. 
 
 " The regimental or second colour is to be the colour 
 of the facing of the regiment, except in those regiments 
 which are faced with white, in which the second colour 
 is to be the red cross of St. George in a white field, with 
 the territorial designation of the Eoyal or other title 
 displayed, as on the Royal or First colour, within the 
 union-wreath of roses, thistles and shamrocks, en-signed 
 with the Imperial crown. 
 
 " The regimental or second colour of the First and 
 Second battahons is to bear the ancient badges, devices, 
 distinctions, and mottoes, which have been conferred by 
 Royal authority. The third and fourth battahons* 
 are to carry the same colours without such devices and 
 distinctions as specially refer to actions or campaigns 
 granted in conmiemoration of the services of the other 
 two battahons. The number of each battahon, I., 11., 
 m., IV., is to be placed in the dexter cantons. 
 
 " In those regiments which bear any ancient badge, 
 the badge is to be on a red ground in the centre. The 
 territorial designation, if practicable, to be inscribed on 
 a circle within the union wreath of roses, thistles, and 
 shamrocks, and the Royal or other title in an escroU 
 underneath, the whole ensigned with the Imperial crown. 
 
 " No additions to, or alterations in colours is to be 
 made without the Sovereign's special permission and 
 authority, signified through the Coromander-in-Chief of 
 the Army. 
 
 * Now that the number of battahons has been increased in each 
 regiment it would, perhaps, be more accurate to make the division 
 between Regular Battahons and Territorial Force Battahons. 
 
 F 33 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 " Application for new colours is to be made to the 
 Director of Clothing, in accordance with the instructions 
 laid down in the Eoyal Warrant relating to clothing." 
 
 The Foot Guards, which do not come under the 
 heading of Infantry, follow another set of regulations 
 (see Chapter V.). Here it is of interest to mention that, 
 at one time, the authorities did everything in their power 
 to make them subject to the same regulations, but the 
 Foot Guards determined otherwise. Let us quote from 
 Sir Frederick Hamilton's " History of the Grenadier 
 Guards." In September, 1859, when new colours were 
 about to be supplied to the Second Battalion Grenadier 
 Guards, they were given out from the Clothing Depart- 
 ment, thus for the first time treating the issue of Eoyal 
 colours with about the same respect as is accorded to the 
 issue of a pair of regulation boots. Previous, however, 
 to delivery, Colonel F. W. Hamilton was requested to 
 inspect them, when he at once observed the substitution 
 of the regimental for the Queen's colour and vice versa. 
 He also heard for the first time of the proposal that the 
 battaUons should each select, ad libitum, one only of the 
 twenty-four Eoyal badges then belonging to them, and 
 retain it as their battalion badge, leaving the rest to fall 
 into desuetude." 
 
 As a result of this action, the Guards protested, as only 
 Guards can, against this attempt to rob them of their 
 traditional customs. The matter was laid before Queen 
 Victoria, and in the month of October, 1859, she decided 
 that " the crimson colour, as before, should be ' the 
 Queen's ' colour, and that the distinguished company 
 badges, as hitherto borne, should be retained, and 
 
 34 
 
A HISTORY OF MILITARY COLOURS 
 
 emblazoned in rotation in the centre of the Union or 
 regimental colour. Excepting only the reduction in size, 
 and the addition of the proposed gold fringe, Her Majesty 
 would wish no further change to be made in the colours 
 as hitherto borne by Her Eegiments of Guards. The 
 service badges or names of actions in which the regiments 
 have distinguished themselves should be borne as hitherto- 
 fore on both colours." This latter decree settled pro- 
 bably for all time the designs of the colours of the Foot 
 Guards. 
 
 We have now followed the growth of the military colours 
 of the British Army during the last two hundred and 
 fifty years. In so long a period and where so many 
 different units are concerned, each having pecuharities of 
 its own, it is quite impossible to note every little change 
 and variation which has occurred, but the reader may be 
 assured that all the more important and interesting steps 
 in the progress of these emblems of British pluck and 
 patriotism have received due notice. 
 
 35 
 
CHAPTEE ni 
 
 STANDARDS, GUIDONS AND DEUM BANNERS OF THE 
 
 HOUSEHOLD CAVALRY, DRAGOON GUARDS, AND CAVALRY 
 
 OF THE LINE 
 
 Among the grandest and most attractive flags which are 
 flown in any part of the world, those of the British 
 Cavalry must be assigned a high position, for, without 
 being gaudy, they are beautiful, elaborate, gaily coloured 
 and full of historic detail. The reader is invited to turn 
 to the second plate, and examine the five examples 
 given thereon. He will see that the badges — the relics 
 of the old baronial days — are steeped in historical fact 
 and military tradition, that the battle honours are 
 reminiscent of the glorious fights of other days ; and that 
 the reds and blues and greens are judiciously blended 
 without offending the eye. 
 
 Cavalry flags are known as standards when they 
 are square and guidons when swallow-tailed. The 
 Household Cavalry and the Dragoon Guards possess 
 standards and the Dragoons fly guidons. To the student 
 of military emblems, it is somewhat disappointing to 
 find that Hussars and Lancers have no flags with which 
 to display their splendid traditions. In their case, we 
 must be content to examine the cloths or banners hung 
 
 36 
 

 (^ 
 
 DETTlNGEN.PtNIMSULA-WAT£5Ll 
 TEL-a-KE«lR ■ EGvYPT I83Z "• , 
 IREUEF 0FKiMBEMPfPAARD£8ER(A 
 
 (iiiniimiinimTiiiinnmn'twiinwirtitHUHhg 
 
 9. RcKimenta! 
 Standard of the 
 iiid I.ife Guards. 
 
 lOi Standard of the 
 
 ist (King's) 
 
 Dragoon Guards. 
 
 11. Standard of the 
 
 3rd (Prince of 
 
 Wales's) 
 
 Dragoon Guards. 
 
 12. Drum banner of 
 
 the 17th (Duke of 
 
 Cambridge's Own) 
 
 Lancers 
 
 13, Drum banner 
 
 of the 5th (Roya] 
 
 Irish) Uancers. 
 
 14. Drum banner of 
 the 13th Hussars. 
 
 15. Guidon of the 
 
 2nd Dragoons 
 
 (Koval Scots Greys) 
 
 16. Guidon of the 
 
 f)th (Inniskilling) 
 
 Dragoons. 
 
 Plate 2. Cavalkv Standards, Guidons and Drum Bannkrs 
 
STANDARDS, GUIDONS AND BANNERS 
 
 around their drums. Before taking each regiment 
 separately, it may be useful to state that a standard, 
 without tbie red and gold fringe, measures 2 ft. 6 ins. by 
 2 ft. 3 ins. ; a guidon, 3 ft. 5 ins. by 2 ft. 3 ins. ; and the 
 lance of either is 8 ft. 6 ins. long. 
 
 Ist Life Guards. — The King's Standard is crimson 
 and bears a fairly large representation of the Eoyal 
 Arms. The King's Cypher figures in the two upper 
 corners. Below the Arms are placed the battle honours : 
 Dettingen ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; Egypt, 1882 ; Tel-el- 
 Kebir ; South Africa, 1899-1900 ; Belief of Kimberley ; 
 Paardeberg. 
 
 Three other standards are carried, each very similar 
 to the above, the central device being the chief point of 
 difference. (See Fig. 9.) 
 
 2nd Life Guards. — ^As for the 1st Life Guards, with 
 slight technical differences. (See Fig. 9.) 
 
 Royal Horse Guards (The Blues). — As for the 1st 
 Life Guards with shght teclmical difterences. With this 
 regiment the battle honours are : Dettingen ; Warburg ; 
 Beaumont ; Willems ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; Egypt, 
 1882 ; Tel-el-Kebir ; South Africa, 1899-1900 ; Belief of 
 Kimberley ; Paardeberg. 
 
 The Standard of Honour, in reality a guidon, wliich 
 was presented by WilUam IV. (described elsewhere) must 
 be mentioned here. 
 
 Ist King's Dragoon Guards. — This standard of 
 crimson silk damask bears in the centre the Boyal Cypher 
 within the Garter, and ensigned with the imperial crown. 
 Around this is placed the union wreath bearing roses, 
 
 37 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 shamrocks, and thistles growing upon the same stalk. 
 In the four corners are placed small oval labels; 
 the first and fourth revealing the White Horse of 
 Hanover, on a green mount, the background of 
 the horse is red ; the second and third being devoted 
 to the regimental initials I. K.D.G., on a blue ground. 
 Along the vertical edges of the standard are placed 
 a number of golden labels, each bearing one of 
 the following battle honours : Blenheim ; Eanullies ; 
 Oudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Dettingen ; Warburg ; Beau- 
 mont ; Waterloo ; Sevastopol ; Taku Forts ; Pekin ; 
 South Africa, 1879. Below the union wreath is placed a 
 label inscribed : South Africa, 1901-02. This flag is 
 given in Fig. 10. 
 
 The White Horse is shown in order to recall the part 
 which this regiment took in suppressing the Jacobite 
 Eebellions during the reigns of George I. and II. 
 
 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays). — This 
 
 standard closely follows the design of the 1st (King's) 
 Dragoon Guards. The centre, however, is filled with the 
 cypher of Queen Caroline, within the Garter. The first 
 and fourth corners contain the White Horse, while the 
 second and third bear the initials II. D.G., on a buff 
 ground. The battle honours are : Warburg ; Willems ; 
 Lucknow ; South Africa, 1901-02. 
 
 3rd (Prince of Wales's) Dragoon Guards. — The 
 
 Dragoon Guard type of standard is followed in this case. 
 The central badge is the Plume of the Prince of Wales. The 
 first and fourth corners reveal the White Horse, as above ; 
 the second corner contains a small picture of the Eising 
 Sun, and the third, a small Eed Dragon. (All these three 
 
 38 
 
STANDARDS, GUIDONS AND BANNERS 
 
 devices are the appropriation of the Prince of Wales.) 
 The battle honours are : Blenheim ; Eanullies ; Oude- 
 narde ; Malplaquet ; Warburg ; Beaumont ; Willems ; 
 Talavera ; Albuhera ; Vittoria ; Peninsula ; Abyssinia ; 
 South Africa, 1901-02. (Fig. 11.) 
 
 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards. — The Dragoon 
 Guard type of standard is again followed. The central 
 badge contains the Harp and Crown, and the Star of the 
 Order of St. Patrick ; the second and third corners are 
 filled with the initials IV. D.G. on a blue ground, and the 
 battle honours are : Peninsula ; Balaklava ; Sevastopol ; 
 Egypt, 1882 ; Tel-el-Kebir. The motto, " Quis separabit," 
 is inscribed below the union wreath. 
 
 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Draigoon 
 Guards. — This standard follows the type for the Dragoon 
 Guards. The central badge is merely the regimental 
 designation, V. D.G. The four corners contain the White 
 Horse and the Eose, Thistle and Shamrock on one stalk. 
 The battle honours are : Blenheim ; EamiUies ; Oude- 
 narde ; Malplaquet ; Beaumont ; Salamanca ; Vittoria ; 
 Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Balaklava ; Sevastopol ; South 
 Africa, 1899-1902 ; Defence of Ladysmith. The motto of 
 John Hampden, " Vestigia nulla retrorsum " (No going 
 backwards), appears below the union wreath. 
 
 6th Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers). — This standard 
 follows the type for the Dragoon Guards. The central 
 badge is VI. D.G. The second and third comers have 
 white labels also bearing the inscription VI. D.G. The 
 battle honours are : Blenheim : EamiUies ; Oudenarde ; 
 Malplaquet ; Warburg ; Willems ; Sevastopol ; Delhi, 
 
 39 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 1857 ; Afghanistan, 1879-80 ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; 
 Eelief of Kimberley ; Paardeberg. 
 
 7th (Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards. — The 
 
 type as before. In the centre, the coronet of her late 
 Majesty, the Empress and Queen Frederick of Germany 
 and Prussia as Princess Royal of Great Britain and Ireland. 
 As the facings are black, the letters VII. P.R.D.G. appear 
 on a groundwork of this colour in the second and third 
 comers. The battle honours are : Blenheim ; RamilUes ; 
 Gudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Dettingen ; Warburg ; South 
 Africa, 1846-7; Egypt, 1882; Tel-el-Kebir ; South 
 Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 1st (Royal) Dragoons.— A guidon of crimson sUk, 
 bearing in its centre the crest of England, within the 
 Garter, is the flag of this regiment. The imperial crown 
 ensigns the badge and the union wreath encircles it. 
 The four corners contain small labels, as was the case with 
 all the Dragoon Guard standards ; the first and fourth 
 are embellished with the White Horse, and the second 
 and third with the initials I.D. on a blue ground. Below 
 the union wreath is the motto, " Spectemur agendo " 
 (Judge us by our deeds), and below this is a silver eagle, 
 a replica of the one taken from the 105th Eegiment of 
 French Infantry at Waterloo. The battle honours are : 
 Tangier, 1662-80 ; Dettingen ; Warburg ; Beaumont ; 
 Willems ; Fuentes d'Onor ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; 
 Balaklava ; Sevastopol ; South Africa, 1899 - 1902 ; 
 Eelief of Ladysmith. 
 
 2nd Dragoons (Royal Scots Greys). — ^A guidon as 
 for the 1st Dragoons, but with the following badge : 
 
 40 
 
STANDARDS, GUIDONS AND BANNERS 
 
 A tliistle within the circle, and the motto of the Order 
 of the Thistle, " Second to None," below the circle. 
 The second and third corners contain a blue label with 
 the inscription II.D. The battle honours are : Blenheim ; 
 Eamillies ; Oudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Dettingen ; War- 
 burg ; WOlems ; Waterloo ; Balaklava ; Sevastopol ; 
 South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Belief of Kimberley ; Paarde- 
 berg. The French eagle is placed below the motto. 
 (Fig. 15.) 
 
 3rd (King's Own) Hussars, 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, 
 5th (Eoyal Irish) Lancers — no guidons. 
 
 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons. — A guidon as for the 
 1st Dragoons, but with the following badge : The castle 
 of InniskUliug, flying the St. George's Cross, and the word 
 " Inniskilling " underneath. The second and third 
 comers contain a primrose-coloured label with the 
 inscription VI.D. The battle honours are : Dettingen ; 
 Warburg ; Willems ; Waterloo ; Balaklava ; Sevas- 
 topol ; South Africa, 1899-1902. (Fig. 16.) 
 
 7th (Queen's Own) Hussars, 8th (King's Eoyal Irish) 
 Hussars, 9th (Queen's Eoyal) Lancers, 10th (Prince of 
 Wales's Own Eoyal) Hussars, 11th (Prince Albert's Own) 
 Hussars, 12th (Prince of Wales's Eoyal) Lancers, 13tli 
 Hussars, 14th (King's) Hussars, 15th (The King's) 
 Hussars, 16th (The Queen's) Lancers, 17th (Duke of 
 Cambridge's Own) Lancers, 18th (Queen Mary's Own) 
 Hussars, 19th (Queen Alexandra's Own Eoyal) Hussars, 
 20th Hussars, 21st (Empress of India's) Lancers— none 
 of these regiments fly guidons. 
 
 Almost as attractive as the standards and guidons 
 are the drum banners, or drum cloths, of the cavalry. 
 
 41 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 These appointments are usually made of brilliant coloured 
 fabric, richly embroidered in gold, and bear the devices 
 and, at times, the battle honours peculiar to each 
 regiment. To our minds, it is unfortunate that the 
 material chosen in making them does not always corre- 
 spond with the facings of the unit. Hussars and Lancers, 
 it is pleasing to know, have not been deprived of these 
 banners or cloths. 
 
 The three sister regiments of Life Guards and Horse 
 Guards have chosen very similar drmn banners. They 
 are crimson, and bear the Eoyal Arms, with two flying 
 cherubs placed above. Gold embroidery enters largely 
 into the decoration of these fine emblems. No battle 
 honours are shown. The 1st Dragoon Gueurds carry 
 a blue banner, richly embroidered, with the Eoyal Aims. 
 The 2nd Dragoon Guards display theii' nickname, 
 " Bays," within a golden wreath, surmounted by an 
 imperial crown, all on a cream-buff ground. The motto, 
 " Pro Eege et Patria " (For King and Country), is in- 
 scribed on a red scroll. The 3rd Dragoon Guards 
 have selected a banner of the same colour as their facings, 
 namely, yellow. The Prince of Wales's plume, the motto, 
 " Ich Dien " (I serve), the White Horse, the Eising Sun, 
 the Eed Dragon of Cadwallader, and a miion wreath all 
 appear on this fine cloth. The 4th Dragoon Guards 
 carry a blue banner bearing the Harp and Crown and the 
 Star of the Order of St. Patrick, emblems showing the 
 Irish origin of the regiment. The W^hite Horse and a 
 union wreath also enter into the scheme of decora- 
 tion. The 5th Dragoon Guards display the White 
 Horse, the regimental initials V. D.G., and the title, 
 " Princess Charlotte of Wales," on a blue scroll, all on 
 
 42 
 
STANDARDS, GUIDONS AND BANNERS 
 
 a crimson clotli ; (the facings are dark green). The 6th 
 Dragoon Guards have a semi-circular banner of white 
 material, tastefully decorated with a number of blue 
 labels and a gold wreath encircling the regimental badge 
 — a shield supported by a pair of crossed carbines, sur- 
 mounted by an imperial crown. The 7th Dragoon 
 Guards carry a neat blue banner decorated with 
 the Eoyal Arms, a golden wreath and a scroll inscribed 
 " The Princess Eoyal's Dragoon Guards." Turning now 
 to the 1st Royal Dragoons, we have a dark blue cloth 
 bearing, in gold, the Crest of England within the Garter, 
 the Eagle, of which we spoke, a wreath of oak and 
 laui^el, the motto " Spectemur agendo," and the regimental 
 title. The 2nd Dragoons, the Scots Greys, show a 
 Kght crimson banner, having in the centre the Thistle, 
 around which is inscribed the motto, " Nemo me impune 
 lacessit " (No one hurts me with impunity). The French 
 Eagle, two flaming grenades, a wreath of golden thistles, 
 and the motto, " Second to none," are also given. 
 The 3rd (King's Own) Hussars have silver decorated 
 drums, and possess no drum cloths. The 4th Hussars 
 have the Eoyal Arms and a number of battle honours 
 on their yellow banner. The 5th Lancers own a neat 
 green cloth which bears the Harp and Crown, the motto, 
 "Quis separabit " (Who shall separate?)? ^ golden- 
 brown wreath, two crossed lances, and a scroll inscribed 
 with the words, " Fhth Eoyal Irish." No battle honours 
 appear. This cloth is shown in Fig. 13. The 6th 
 Dragoons reveal their connection with Inniskilling by 
 using the castle as a badge. A golden wreath and the 
 imperial crown are also given, all on a yellow back- 
 ground. The 7th Hussars possess a dark blue banner, 
 
 43 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 ornamented with the monogram Q.O. (i.e., Queen's 
 Own) interlaced within a garter, and surmounted by 
 a crown. Battle honours are given on hght blue 
 scroUs. The 8th Irish Hussars display the harp and 
 crown, a number of battle honours, and the regi- 
 mental initials 8.K.E.I.H. (King's Eoyal Irish Hussars) 
 on a brownish-red cloth. The motto, " Pristinae 
 virtutis memores " (The memory of former valom*), is 
 given on a blue scroll. One of the most attractive 
 designs is that used by the 9th Lancers. The cypher 
 of Queen Adelaide, reversed and interlaced, within a 
 garter, is surmounted by an imperial crown, and 
 backed by a pair of crossed lances. The numerous 
 battle honours are given in a circular ring, whilst the 
 figures IX. are placed below the ring. The cloth is 
 crunson. The 10th Hussars have the alternative title 
 of the Prince of Wales's Own. Their banner, accordingly, 
 bears the Prince's plume and motto. The honours are 
 woven into a golden wreath which encircles the Eising 
 Sun and Cadwallader's Eed Dragon. The material is 
 royal blue. The 11th Hussars display the late Prince 
 Consort's crest and motto, " Treu und fest " (True and 
 firm), the Egyptian Sphinx, the regimental initials, 
 XI.H., all surmounted by a crown, and the inscription, 
 " Prince Albert's Own Hussars." The cloth is crimson. 
 The 12th Lancers also have a crimson banner, em- 
 beUished by the plume of the Prince of Wales, the 
 Egyptian Sphinx, the regimental number XII., a golden 
 wreath, and a pair of crossed lances. The 13th Hussars 
 wear the royal cypher enwreathed with leaves of laurel 
 and oak, the imperial croA^m, and the usual array of 
 battle honours. The motto, " Viret in .'Eternum " 
 
 44 
 
STANDARDS, GUIDONS AND BANNERS 
 
 (Virile for ever), figures on this cream-buS: banner. 
 (Fig. 14). The 14th Hussars, being known as the 
 14th King's Light Dragoons, bear this title on a 
 golden scroll, which is placed above the royal crest 
 within the Garter. The battle honours are inscribed 
 upon the leaves of a laurel wreath. The cloth is 
 crimson. Of the same colour is the drum banner 
 of the 15th Hussars. This regiment displays the 
 royal crest, the King's cypher, the figures XV., the 
 battle honours, and a golden wreath of laurel and oak. 
 A royal blue cloth is carried by the 16th Lancers ; 
 it bears the crossed lances, which figure on all Lancer 
 drum cloths, except those of the 17th Lancers. In 
 this case, the well-known device of a skull and cross- 
 bones is placed within a garter, surmounted by a crown 
 and enwreathed with a band of oak and laurel leaves. 
 The cloth is deep blue. (Fig. 12.) The 18th Hussars 
 are known by their deep crimson banner, bearing, among 
 the battle honours, the inscriptions, XVIII. Hussars, 
 Queen Mary's Own, and the motto, " Pro rege, pro lege, 
 pro patria conamur " (For king, for law, for country we 
 strive). The 19th Hussars have a white cloth, showing 
 the letter A, interlaced with the Dannebrog,* below 
 which is the White Elephant of Assaye, and around it a 
 number of labels bearing battle honours, and the inscrip- 
 tion, Queen Alexandra's Own Eoyal Hussars. The 
 20th Hussars favour a crimson banner, which is em- 
 bellished by a large golden wreath from which are growing 
 roses, thistles and shamrocks. The royal cypher and the 
 imperial crown are given the central position. The last 
 
 * Refer to description of Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (York- 
 shire Regiment), 
 
 45 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 cavalry regiment, the 21st (Empress of India's) 
 Lancers, owns probably the most fanciful drmn banner. 
 The letters V.E.I, are cleverly interlaced and sup- 
 ported by a pair of crossed lances, the whole encircled 
 by a union wreath and the imperial crown. " Khar- 
 toum " is inscribed upon a dark blue scroll. The 
 banner is French grey. 
 
 4b 
 
CHAPTEE IV 
 
 YEOMANRY GUIDONS AND DRUM BANNERS 
 
 FoLLO\viNG on the Cavalry, in the Army List, comes the 
 Yeomanry, which forms part of the Territorial Force. 
 This miit of the Army is divided into Dragoon, Hussar 
 and Lancer divisions, an example of each being the West- 
 minster Dragoons, the Eoyal Gloucestershire Hussars, 
 and the City of London Eough Eiders. The Dragoons, 
 as a rule, are the only section which carry flags — in all 
 cases they are guidons — but it must be mentioned that 
 some Dragoon regiments display no colours, whilst a 
 certain few of the other divisions possess these emblems, 
 though they may not have received official recognition. 
 Most regiments own drum cloths, but some of those 
 raised since the Boer War carry no drums and, in con- 
 sequence, wear no drum cloths. In one or two instances, 
 i.e., in the North Somerset Yeomanry, ornamental drums 
 are provided which need no cloth embellishments. 
 
 Yeomanry guidons are made of crimson material, 
 edged with gold and red fringe ; the pole is sm-mounted 
 with the Eoyal lion and crown ; and, in most cases, the 
 distinctive badge is ensigned with the Eoyal crown, and 
 encircled by the union wreath. The only battle honour 
 inscribed on these flags is " South Africa," but all regi- 
 ments do not possess it. 
 
 47 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 The Berks Yeomanry, which has its headquarters at 
 Hungerford, flies the standard pattern of guidon, with a 
 White Horse as central badge. This animal, as revealed 
 on the banner, is a very poor specimen, but as it is an 
 imitation of the one cut in the turf on the downs, we can 
 appreciate the reason for its adoption. 
 
 The Derbyshire Yeomanry has the united red and 
 white rose for its badge. This flower is ensigned with 
 the imperial crown and, therefore, the ordinary crown is 
 not placed above and outside the circular label, as is 
 usual. 
 
 The Essex Yeomanry boasts of a motto : " Decus 
 et Tutamen " (Honour and safety), which is inscribed on 
 a scroll placed under the badge, consisting of a red 
 escutcheon charged with three seaxes. These weapons 
 are reminders of the county's connections with bygone 
 Saxon occupation. (Fig. 41.) 
 
 The Fife and Forfar Regiment, which hails from 
 Cupar, is proud of its badge, a representation of the 
 Thane of Fife. Eeaders of Macbeth will remember that 
 Macduff was a descendant of the original Thane of Fife, 
 a fine soldier who obtained a grant of the shire of Fife 
 from Kenneth II. in recognition of his assistance when 
 fighting against the Picts. 
 
 The Hampshire Carabiniers have the appropriate 
 device of two carbines in saltire. They also have a rose 
 at each corner of the guidon, white in the first and fourth 
 corners and red in the second and third. 
 
 The Herts Yeomanry have a stag for device, whilst 
 the Lanarkshire Yeomanry, a regiment possessing the 
 
 48 
 
YEOMANRY GUIDONS AND BANTSTERS 
 
 alternative lengthy title of " Queen's Own Eoyal Glasgow 
 and Lower Ward of Lanarkshire," flies a tiag of the 
 ordinary type reveaKng no particular badge. 
 
 The Duke of Lancaster's Own bear the appropriate 
 red rose of the House of Lancaster, and here we may 
 mention that the Yorkshire Dragoons Yeomanry 
 
 (Queen's Own) display the white rose of York. 
 
 Lothians and Border Horse Yeomcmry show a 
 garb which, in non-heraldic terms, is a shock of corn. 
 
 The Montgomeryshire Yeomanry use a red dragon 
 with green wings as the central badge, which is surrounded 
 by a union wreath not of the regulation design. 
 
 The Norfolk Yeomanry has broken away from the 
 traditional pattern of guidon. In each of the four comers 
 is the Eoyal Cypher ensigned with the imjjerial crown, 
 and in the centre are the Eoyal Arms. The Eoyal 
 residence in Norfolk, and the King's special interest in 
 this county probably account, for the presence of these 
 emblems. 
 
 The Scottish Horse display the cross of St. Andrew 
 on a blue groundwork, as the central badge, whilst in the 
 four corners is the thistle ensigned with the imperial 
 crown. This is one of the most pleasing guidons of the 
 Yeomanry Force. 
 
 The Shropshire Yeomanry have as the central badge 
 on their guidon a rendering of the arms of the Shropshire 
 County Council (i.e., three tigers' heads). 
 
 The Sussex Yeomanry display a badge comprising 
 six martlets perched in three rows, all on a blue 
 
 H 49 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 backgrouud, whilst the Northamptonshire Yeomanry 
 
 give another rendering of the well-known white horse. 
 
 The Westminster Dragoons, otherwise known as 
 the 2nd County of London Yeomanry, have the Eoyal 
 Cypher and Crown as central badge, whilst in the first 
 and fourth corners are crossed axes, and in the 
 second and third, Beaufort's portcullis. These four 
 devices are encircled by a union wreath of special 
 design. (Fig. 42.) 
 
 if we leave the Yeomanry guidons, and turn to the 
 drum banners, a more interesting set of emblems will be 
 brought to our notice. The guidons may be accused of 
 possessing a somewhat monotonous semblance one with 
 the other, but this is not a characteristic of the drum 
 cloths. They are gay-coloured, smart in appearance, 
 and endowed with emblematic ornamentation of an 
 interesting nature. 
 
 The Ayreshires have a neat crimson cloth, showing 
 a crown, a union wreath, and scrolls bearing the inscrip- 
 tion, " The Earl of Carrick's Own Ayreshire Yeomanry 
 Cavalry." The Berks* drum cloth is of the same colour, 
 while the ornamentation consists of the initials E.B.Y.C. 
 in writing, with the imperial crown above, and a crescent 
 and star below. Another crimson cloth is that of the 
 Cheshires, which displays the plume of the Prince of 
 Wales as central badge. The Derbyshire Yeomanry 
 use the red and white rose as on the guidon, but it is 
 worked in gold threads on a crimson cloth. The Royal 
 1st Devon and the Royal North Devon both bear 
 the Eoyal Cypher, ensigned with the imperial crown on 
 a crimson groundwork. The former, however, has gold 
 
 50 
 
YEOMANRY GUIDONS AND BANNERS 
 
 fringe, but the latter, silver-white and blue. The 
 Dorsets display the same royal emblems within a silver 
 laurel wreath, also on crimson. The Hampshires have 
 an elaborate blue cloth, with wide gold fringe, on which 
 appears carbines in saltire, the imperial crown, the red 
 and white rose and a union wreath. The West Kent's 
 is crimson, and bears the white county horse within the 
 garter, surmounted by an imperial crown. The motto, 
 " Invicta " (Unconquered), and the inscription " West 
 Kent Yeomanry," are woven into a laurel T\Teath. A 
 blue cloth is used by the Lanarkshire (Queen's Own) 
 Yeomanry. The design is neat, fairly simple, and con- 
 sists of the Eoyal CjT)her, within a garter, ensigned by 
 the imperial crown, and surrounded by a wreath of 
 thistles. The Lancashire Hussars also carry a crimson 
 banner ; it bears the Eoyal Cypher, interlaced, sur- 
 mounted by the imperial crown, and has below it the 
 Lancastrian rose. A wreath of red roses encircles these 
 devices. The Duke of Lancaster's Own is a dark blue 
 fabric having, as central badge, the three lions of England 
 on a shield surcharged with a white label or bar having 
 three points. The imperial crown also appears, and the 
 whole is framed by a laurel and oak wreath. The red 
 rose ensigned by a crown figures in the two lower corners. 
 The City of London Rough Riders have an attractive 
 purple banner bearing the City amis within a circle and 
 a wreath. The Ist County of London, better known as 
 the Duke of Cambridge's Hussars, favours a green cloth, 
 having, as central badge, a seven-pointed crowned star, 
 within a wreath. The Duke's cypher appears in the four 
 comers, and the regimental motto, " Pro aris et focis," is 
 given on the star. Another green banner is that of the 
 
 51 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 3rd County of London Sharpshooters. This appoint- 
 ment is ornamented with a pair of crossed rifles and a 
 crown within a circle, ensigned with the imperial crown 
 and framed by a wreath of laurel. Lothians and Border 
 Horse Yeomanry have a blue banner, revealing the 
 garb, before mentioned, and a wreath of thistles. The 
 Montgomeryshire Yeomanry display a crimson cloth 
 embellished, in the centre, by a rose, thistle, and shamrock 
 springing from a single stalk. (Cf. the regimental stan- 
 dard of the 2nd Life Guards, Fig. 9). In the first and 
 fourth comers is the White Horse of Hanover, and in 
 the second and third corners, the Eed Dragon of Wales. 
 The Northumberland Hussars display a blue cloth 
 in the centre of which figures the regimental cypher, 
 with a crown above. On a scroll appears the name of the 
 regiment, and two sprays of golden laurel complete the 
 ornamentation. A banner of mantua-purple cloth 
 belongs to the Oxfordshire Yeomanry. It bears the 
 regimental cypher and a laurel wreath, both in silver, 
 an imperial crown, in gold, and three red scroUs, m- 
 scribed, "Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars." The 
 Shropshire Yeomanry drum cloth carries the same 
 device as the guidon, but it is blue, and has the motto, 
 " Floreat Salopia " (Flourish Shropshire). The well- 
 known Stafford knot, which has belonged to the heads 
 of the Stafford family from earliest times, appears as 
 the central badge on the blue drum cloth of the 
 Staffordshire Yeomanry. The fringe of this banner is 
 unusual, being for the most part, triangles of gold and 
 silver embroidery. The Suffolk Yeomanry uses a green 
 cloth, m the centre of which figures the castle and 
 key, and the date 1793, devices to remind us of the siege 
 
 62 
 
YEOMANRY GUIDONS AND BANNERS 
 
 of Gibraltar. A golden laurel wreath is also given, as 
 well as the motto, " Liberty, property, loyalty." This 
 is a very fine appointment. The Royal Wiltshires, 
 having the alternative title of " Prince of Wales's Own," 
 naturally reveals the plume of the Prince. This is shown 
 in a garter, which is surmounted by the Eoyal lion and 
 crown ; all on a crimson cloth. The Yorkshire Dragoons 
 and the Yorkshire Hussars must not be confused. 
 The first has a blue cloth bearing the white rose and the 
 title, " Queen's Own," whilst the second displays a deep 
 scarlet, almost black, drum banner, with the white rose, 
 the plume of the Prince of Wales, and the title " Princess 
 of Wales's Own." 
 
 In our limited space it has only been possible to give 
 the chief features of these drum banners — sufficient, 
 however, to assist the reader in recognising the appoint- 
 ments. They are, we must add, of the utmost beauty, 
 and equal in point of interest to those of the regular 
 Cavalry. 
 
 63 
 
CHAPTEE V 
 
 THE COLOUES OF TIJE FOOT GUAEDS 
 
 TEADrnoN has perhaps a stronger hold in the Foot 
 Guards than in any of the Infantry units dealt with in 
 the chapter which follows. Accordingly, the reader 
 must not be surprised to find that most of the general 
 rules which affect the colours of the line regiments do 
 not apply to the Grenadier, Coldstream, Scots, Irish 
 and Welsh Guards. We have already mentioned that 
 the King's colour, as a rule, consists of a Union Jack, 
 whilst the regimental colour is a flag bearing the devices 
 and honours of the regiment to which it belongs. In the 
 Guards, however, this rule is reversed, and the Jack 
 constitutes the regimental, and the banner, charged with 
 devices, the Kiug's colour. Another difference which 
 may be mentioned concerns the battle honours. These 
 are not placed on the royal colours in the majority of 
 foot regiments, but the Guards show them on both the 
 King's and regin ental colours. (The Irish and Welsh 
 Guards at the time of writing possess no battle honours, 
 they being comparatively new units.) 
 
 The Grenadier Guards have three flags, known as 
 the Colonel's, the Lieutenant-Colonel's, and the Major's 
 
 54 
 
17. King's Colour of 
 
 the Grenadier Guards ' 
 
 (ist Battalion) 
 
 18. R c cr i in e II t a 1 
 
 Colour of the 
 
 Grenadier Guards 
 
 (15th Company). 
 
 19. King's Colour of 
 the Coldstream 
 Guards (ist Batta- 
 lion). 
 
 20. Regimental 
 Colour of the Cold- 
 stream Guards 
 (ist Company). 
 
 21. King's Colour of 
 
 the Scots Guards 
 
 (ist Battalion). 
 
 22 Regimental 
 Colour of the Scots 
 Guards (9th Com- 
 pany). 
 
 23. King s Colour of 
 the Irish Guards. 
 
 ^»^ 
 
 iiiiHmimiiniiinnniiuiiniiiiiiitnnjiinnnifnniintt 
 
 24. King's Colour 
 of the Welsh Guards. 
 
 I*i..\TE ;. Colours of the I'^oot (iu.\Rn?; 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE FOOT GUARDS 
 
 colours, which are used as the King's colour ia the first, 
 second and third battaUons respectively. 
 
 The Colonel's or Ejng's first battalion colour consists 
 of a crimson sUk banner bearing an imperial crown above 
 a flaming grenade. (Fig. 17.) On either side is a column 
 of twelve tablets in gold, each inscribed with the name of 
 one of the following battle distinctions : — 
 
 Tangier, 1680 ; J^amur, 1695 ; Gibraltar, 1704-5 ; 
 Blenheim ; Kamillies ; Gudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Det- 
 tingen ; Lincelles ; Egmont-op-Zee ; Corunna ; Barrosa ; 
 Mve ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; Alma ; Inkerman ; 
 Sevastopol ; Egj^pt, 1882 : Tel-el-Kebir ; Suakin, 
 1885; Khartoum; South Africa, 1899-1002; Modder 
 River. 
 
 The Lieutenant-Colonel's or the King's colour of the 
 second battalion consists of a crimson silk banner bearing 
 in the dexter canton, a small Union Jack, whilst in the 
 centre of the crimson field is the Royal Cypher, reversed 
 and hiterlaced, having above it an imperial crown, 
 and, below, a flaming grenade. Battle honours also 
 appear. 
 
 The Major's colour, which serv^es as that of the King's 
 for the third battahon, is like the above, but from the 
 sinister or bottom right hand corner of the small Jack 
 issues a pile- wavy or, that is, a tongue of flame worked 
 in gold. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, there are three regimental 
 colours, one for each of the three battalions. These 
 flags bear the device of the Union Jack, full size, upon 
 the four red centre limbs of which figure the Royal Crown, 
 a flaming grenade, certain battle distinctions, and a 
 special badge. 
 
 55 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 The special badge varies not only with each battalion, 
 but with every new flag that is supxjlied to replace a 
 discarded one. There is a series of thirty of these badges, 
 each one of which is a company badge of the Grenadier 
 Guards. They are as follows :- - 
 
 ist Gjmpany. — A golden lion wearing a crown and standing 
 upon another crown (i.e., the Royal crest as given on the current 
 sixpenny piece). In the upper stafE comer of the colour is 
 placed in all these flags the company number in Roman 
 numerals. 
 
 2nd Company. — A red Tudor rose with a white centre, 
 
 3rd Company. — ^A fleur de lys. 
 
 4th Company. — A portcullis with chains hanging from it. 
 This device was taken by Henry VII. from the badge of the 
 House of Somerset. His mother, it will be remembered, was 
 Margaret, daughter of John, Duke of Somerset. 
 
 5th Company.— A white rose in a glory or sun. This was the 
 badge of the Earldom of March. 
 
 6th Company. — A thistle and rose, stalked and leaved. It 
 was the device adopted by James I. to signify the union which 
 had been effected between England and Scotland. 
 
 7th Company. — The harp of Ireland. 
 
 8th Company. — ^The red dragon of Cadwallader, on a green 
 mount. This device was used by the sovereigns of the united 
 Houses of York and Lancaster. It was taken by Henry VII. 
 to remind people of his descent from Cadwallader, whose shield 
 bore the red dragon as a supporter. 
 
 9th Company. — A white greyhound, with a red collar, standing 
 on a green mount. An old badge belonging to the Earl ot 
 Richmond. 
 
 10th Company. — A sun in splendour with a human face, 
 a badge selected by Richard II. when he desired to improve 
 upon the badge of his father. Richard used a full sun in con- 
 tradistinction to his father's rising or partial sun. 
 
 56 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE FOOT GUARDS 
 
 iztb Company. — ^A white unicoro of Sootlasd, gorged with a 
 golden prince's coronet and chain, on a green mount. This was 
 an old badge of James I. 
 
 1 2th Company. — ^A white antelope, gorged with a ducal crown 
 and chain, standing on a green mount — a well known device 
 of Henry IV,, son of John of Gaunt. He appropriated this 
 animal from the escutcheon of the House of Lancaster. 
 
 13th Company. — ^A white hart, gorged with a ducal crown 
 and chain, on a green mount ; a badge assumed by Richard II. 
 from the devices of his mother, Joan, daughter of Edmund, 
 Earl of Kent. 
 
 14th Company. — A white falcon with extended wings, perched 
 on the barrel of a closed golden fetterlock. Edward IV., in addi- 
 tion to the device of the white rose which was taken from the 
 Earl of March, selected this white falcon from the badge of 
 his grandfather, the first Duke of York. 
 
 15th Company. — ^A red rose with green stalks and leaves 
 (Fig. 18). 
 
 1 6th Company. — A white swan, gorged with a ducal crown 
 and chain, on a green mount. It may be remembered that 
 Humphrey, Earl of Hereford, used a swan argent, and his daugh- 
 ter, when she married Henry IV., took the same device. 
 
 17th Company. — A white falcon, crowned and bearing a 
 sceptre, standing on the stump of a tree out of which is growing 
 a branch bearing three roses, one white and two red. This was 
 Elizabeth's badge, to remind people that she was descended from 
 both the Houses of York and Lancaster. 
 
 1 8th Company. — A stump of a tree which was the badge 
 of Edward III. ; assumed by him to point out how fiourisliing 
 was his family. 
 
 19th Company. — A golden sceptre and sword proper — a device 
 used by the House of Stuart. 
 
 2oth Company. — A green oak tree on a green mount. In the 
 branches of the tree may be seen the head of Charles II. peeping 
 out. This is an emblem to remind us of his hiding after the 
 Battle of Worcester. 
 
 57 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 2ist Company. — ^A sun rising behind clouds. This is a badge 
 of Edward the Black Prince, which he assumed when he felt 
 that his princely deeds were on the point of revealing him to 
 the world as a man possessing a glorious future. 
 
 22nd Company. — ^A beacon or cresset with flames. This 
 device was used by Henry V. when he wished to tell people 
 that his deeds would shed a radiance similar to those of the 
 flames of a fire. 
 
 23rd Company. — Silver ostrich feathers, crossed. The Lancas- 
 trians took this device. 
 
 24th Company. — A white hart with golden antlers springing 
 from the gate of a golden triple towered castle. This badge 
 appears to be of Irish origin. 
 
 25th Company. — A red cross of St. George, on a silver shield. 
 
 26th Company. — The arms of Nassau. A golden lion rampant, 
 crowned, standing near to eight billets on a blue shield. The 
 Counts of Nassau, it will be remembered, were connected by 
 marriage with the English Royal family. 
 
 27th Company. — The badge of the Order of the Bath, a device 
 comprising the rose, thistle, shamrock, etc. 
 
 28th Company. — Three crests of German origin, emanating 
 from Saxony, Brunswick and Hanover. 
 
 29th Company. — A shamrock. 
 
 30th Company. — The crest of the Prince Consort, i.e., from 
 out of a ducal Coronet appears a pillar crowned with a coronet 
 from which issues a plume of three peacocks' feathers. The 
 arms of Saxony are shown on the pillar. 
 
 The Coldstream Gucurds also have three flags, 
 known as the Colonel's, the Lieutenant-Colonel's, and 
 the Major's colours, which are used as the King's 
 colour in the first, second, and third battalions 
 respectively. 
 
 The Colonel's or King's first battalion colour consists 
 of a crimson silk banner bearing the Star of the Order of 
 
 58 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE FOOT GUARDS 
 
 the Garter, i.e., the cross of St. George iii the garter, on 
 an eight-rayed star. A- Sphinx superscribed " Egypt " 
 is placed below, and at the foot of the Sphinx is a scroll, 
 bearing the inscription, " South Africa, 1899-1902." 
 (Fig. 19.) On either side of these devices is a column of 
 ten tablets in gold, each inscribed with the name of one 
 of the following battle distinctions : — 
 
 Tangier, 1680 ; Xamur, 1695 ; Gibraltar, 1704-5 : 
 Oudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Dettingen ; Lincelles ; Tala- 
 vera ; Bari'osa ; Fueutes d'Onor ; Nive ; Peninsula ; 
 Waterloo ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; Egypt, 
 1882 ; a^el-el-Kebir ; Suakin, 1885 ; South Africa, 1899- 
 1902 ; Modder Eiver. 
 
 The Lieutenant-Colonel's or the King's colour of the 
 second battalion consists of a crimson silk banner bearing 
 in the upper corner next to the stall' a small Union Jack, 
 whilst in the centre of the crimson field is a star of eight 
 rays and, below it, the Sphinx of Egypt. Battle honours 
 also appear. 
 
 The Major's colour, which serves as that of the King's 
 for the third battalion, is like the above, but from the 
 bottom right-hand corner of the small Jack issues a pile- 
 wavy or. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, there are three regimental 
 colours, one for each of the three battalions. These tlags 
 bear the device of the Union Jack, full size, upon the 
 lonr red centre limbs of which figure the Eoyal Crown, 
 certain battle distinctions, the Sphinx of Egypt, and a 
 special badge. 
 
 59 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 The special badges vary as set out for the Grenadier 
 Guards. They are as follows : — 
 
 1st Gjmpany. — ^A white lion on a green mount, surmounted 
 by an imperial crown. (Fig. 20). 
 
 2nd Company. — ^The Prince of Wales' feathers in silver, with 
 gold quills, encircled by the coronet of Edward the Black 
 Prince. 
 
 3rd Company. — A white tiger, having flames of fire emitted 
 from the mouth and ears, on a green mount. 
 
 4th Company. — Crossed swords, with points upwards, in silver. 
 The hilt and pommel are in gold. 
 
 5th Company. — ^The St. George and Dragon. 
 
 6th Company. — ^A red rose with golden seeds and green thorns, 
 in a garter, a badge of Henry IV. of Lancaster. 
 
 7th Company. — A centaur provided with a bow and arrow, 
 on a green mount. These were the royal arms of Stephen. 
 
 8 th Company.— Two crossed sceptres in gold. 
 
 9th Company. — The knot of tlie collar of the Order of the 
 Garter. This was the royal device of Richard II. 
 
 loth Company. — ^A carbuncle, in gold. This precious stone 
 formed one of the badges of Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, whose 
 other badge, the planta genista, is world famous. 
 
 nth Company. — A white boar, passant, bristled gold, on a 
 green mount — a badge of the House of Warwick. 
 
 1 2th Company. — A dun cow, on a green mount. The dun 
 cow of Dunsmore Heath, near Rugby, has the tradition of being 
 slain by Guy of Warwick. 
 
 13th Company. — A red and white rose impaled with a golden 
 pomegranate bearing green leaves. This device was brought 
 from Spain by Katherine of Arragon. 
 
 14th Company. — A white horse, galloping, on a green mount. 
 
 15 th Company. — The crown of Charlemange, in gold. 
 
 i6th Company. — The same badge as given for the 28th Com- 
 pany of Grenadier Guards. 
 
 60 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE FOOT GUARDS 
 
 The Scots Guards have three flags, known as the 
 Colonel's, the Lieutenant-Colonel's, and the Major's 
 colours, the first two of which are used as the King's 
 colour in the iirst and second battalions. 
 
 The Colonel's or King's first battalion colour (Fig. 21) 
 consists of a crimson silk banner, bearing an imperial crown 
 surmounting the Eoyal Arms of Scotland. Under these 
 are placed the motto, " En ! Ferus Hostis " (Lo ! A 
 savage foe), and the Sphinx of Egypt. On either side is 
 a column of seven tablets, in gold, each bearing the name 
 of one of the following battle distinctions : Namur, 1695 ; 
 Dettingen ; Lincelles ; Talavera ; Barrosa ; Fuentes 
 d'Onor ; Nive ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; Alma ; Inker- 
 man ; Sevastopol ; Egypt, 1882 ; Tel-el-Kebir ; Suakin, 
 1885 ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Modder Eiver. 
 
 The Lieutenant-Colonel's or the King's colour of the 
 second battalion consists of a crimson silk banner bearing 
 in the dexter canton a small Union Jack, whilst in the 
 centre of the crimson field is an imperial crown, a Tudor 
 rose, a thistle and shamrock, and the Sphinx of Egypt. 
 On this flag is the motto, " Unita fortior " (By union 
 stronger). Battle honours also appear. 
 
 The Major's colour, which does not serve as that of the 
 King's colour, as there is no third battahon, bears the 
 star of the Order of the Thistle, with a small Union Jack, 
 from which issues a jjile-wavy. There is also the Egyptian 
 Sphmx, and a motto, " Kemo me inipune lacessit " (No 
 one provokes me with impunity). 
 
 The regimental colours of the Scots Guards consist 
 of a full-size Union flag, emblazoned with a crown and 
 Sphinx, and bear the badges of the companies, on lines 
 similar to those laid down lq connection with the two 
 
 61 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 former regiments of Guards. The first twelve badges 
 are as follows : — 
 
 ist Company. — A red 'lion standing on an imperial crown, 
 all on a silver shield. The motto is " In defence." 
 
 2nd Company. — A hand grenade with a lighted fuse and the 
 motto " Terrorem affero " (I carry terror with me). 
 
 3rd Company. — ^The red rampant lion of Scotland. Motto, 
 " Intrepidus " (Undaunted). 
 
 4th Company. — The cross with a representation of St. Andrew, 
 upon a star of silver, all under a thistle. Motto, " Nemo me 
 impune lacessit." 
 
 5th Company. — A red lion, passant and full-faced, on a gold 
 shield. Motto, " Timere nescius " (I do not know fear). 
 
 6th Company. — A blue grif&n, on a gold shield, the badge 
 of Edward III. Motto, " Belloque ferox " (And ferocious in 
 war). 
 
 7th Company.— A salamander standing amidst flames — the 
 badge of Francis I. of Orleans, who agreed to marry Mary, the 
 sister of Henry VIII., when Louis XII. died, on consideration 
 that Henry renounced all claims to the French throne. It may 
 be added that Francis did not eventually marry Mary. Motto, 
 " Per fuaera vitam " (Through death, life). 
 
 8th Company. — A thunderbolt. Motto, " Horror ubique " 
 (Dread everywhere). 
 
 9th Company. — A cannon represented as though in the act 
 of ejecting a projectile. Motto, " Concussae cadent urbes " 
 (The cities crashing fall). (Fig. 22). 
 
 loth Company. — A green lizard, on a green mount. Motto, 
 " Pascua nota mihi " (Green fields are my home). 
 
 nth Company. — A cross of St. Andrew, on a blue shield. 
 Motto, " In hoc signo vinces " (By this sign thou shalt con- 
 quer). 
 
 12th Company. — A group of war trophies. Motto, " Honore 
 praefero" (I put forth my honours). 
 
 62 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE FOOT GUARDS 
 
 The Irish Guards, which are of comparatively recent 
 origin, liave a King's colour of crimson silk, bearing, in 
 the centre, the Eoyal Cypher, in gold, surrounded by the 
 collar of the Order of St. Patrick, with badge appendant 
 proper, the whole ensigned with the imperial crown. 
 (Fig. 23-.) 
 
 The regimental colour is the Union flag, upon the central 
 red limbs of which are placed an imperial crown and the 
 Eoyal cypher. There are eight company badges. No 
 battle honours have yet been assigned to this regiuK^nt. 
 
 The Welsh Guards, wliich were formed in the summer 
 of 1915, possess a King's colour of crimson silk, bearing 
 the imi^erial crown and a dragon. The motto, " Cymru 
 am byth " (Wales for ever), appears on a gilt scroll. 
 (Fig. 24). 
 
 The regimental colour is the Union flag, upon the central 
 red limbs of which are placed an imperial crown, and a 
 shield filled by three silver lions. 
 
 63 
 
CHAPTEE VI 
 
 THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 Each regiment of the Infantry possesseKS two colours, 
 the King's colour — ^which is known as the Queen's, when 
 the reigning sovereign is a woman — and the regimental 
 colour. There are two exceptions to this rule : (a) rifle 
 regiments do not carry these emblems, njid (6) a few 
 units possess a third colom-, usually awarded for some 
 service of exceptional merit. 
 
 The King's colour in every Infantry regiment consists 
 of the Union flag with the regimental badge or number 
 placed in the centre of the St. George's Cross, the im- 
 perial crown figuring above whichever device is used. 
 When the regimental number appears on the King's 
 colour, Eoman figures are employed* (see Fig. 25) ; 
 when a badge, it is placed within a circle around which 
 is printed the regimental title.f (See Fig. 46). 
 
 The regimental colour is more involved in character. 
 First, there is a central device bearing one of the following : 
 a badge (as Fig. 26), the regimental number (as Fig. 29), 
 the battalion number (as Fig. 30), or the name of the 
 
 * The Canadians have not followed this rule, for the reader may see 
 examples of Arabic numerals on the colours decorating Wolfe's monu- 
 ment in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 t New colours are now given the badge. 
 64 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 battalion (as Fig. 40). Around this is placed a crimson 
 ring, upon which is printed the name of the regiment. 
 Above the badge, or ensigniiig it, is the imperial crown. 
 Encircling all this is the union wreath, consisting of 
 roses, thistles, shamrocks, and appropriate leaves, all 
 growing from the same stalk — a very pleasing allusion 
 to the fusion of England, Ireland and Scotland. Then 
 comes the array of battle honours ; when these are numer- 
 ous they are placed upon a wreath which in turn encircles 
 the union wreath. This wreath is usually composed of 
 green foHage, but when the gromidwork of the flag is of 
 this hue, the wreath is golden. When the battle honours 
 are not numerous, a few are placed on either side, also 
 above and below the union wreath. Territorial force 
 battaUons have but one honour, that for South Africa. 
 This is placed below the union -wreath. 
 
 The four corners of the colour may contain devices, 
 or they may be left blank. In some flags a small union 
 still figures in the dexter canton, but the tendency to-day 
 is to omit this. In the case of Fig. 39, which is the 
 colour of the Honourable Artillery Company, the small 
 union is given to show the manner of its display. It 
 should be mentioned that the number of the battalion 
 is often printed in the dexter canton. 
 
 The colour of the flag depends upon the facings of 
 the regiment ; if these are blue, that is to say, if the 
 regiment is a royal one, the groundwork of the flag is 
 blue ; if these are yoUow, buff, or green, the groundwork 
 of the flag is yellow, buff or green ; but if the facings are 
 white or scarlet, the flag is white, and bears the red cross 
 of St. George. Lastly, if the facings are black, the flag 
 is black, with the red cross superimposed. As the facings 
 
 65 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 for all battalions of a regiment are not necessarily the 
 same, it is more convenient in the following descrip- 
 tions to give the colour of the facings, and leave the 
 reader to bear in mind the facts set out above. 
 
 Battle honours are, as a rule, shown on the regimental 
 colours only. 
 
 The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment). — Facings, 
 blue. 
 
 E.G.* — The Eoyal Cypher within the Collar of the 
 Order of the Thistle, with the badge appendant. In each 
 of the four corners the thistle within the circle and motto 
 of the Order, ensigned with the imperial crown. The 
 Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt." 
 
 The Collar of the Order of the Thistle is made of gold, 
 and consists of alternate thistles and sprigs of rue enamel- 
 led in proper colours. The badge is a golden image of 
 St. Andrew, dressed in purple and green, holding a 
 cross before him. The motto is " Nemo me impune 
 lacessit." 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Tangier, 1680 ; Namur, 1695 » 
 Blenheim ; Ramillies ; Oudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Louisburg ; 
 Havannah ; St. Lucia, 1803 ; Egmont-op-Zee ; Corunna ; Busaco ; 
 Salamanca ; Vittoria ; St. Sebastian ; Nive ; Peninsula ; Niagara ; 
 Waterloo ; Nagpore ; Maheidpoor ; Ava ; Alma ; Inkerman ; 
 Sevastopol ; Taku Forts ; Pekin, i860 ; South Africa, 1899- 
 1902. 
 
 The Eoyal Scots hold the distinction of being the 
 oldest regiment in our army. It was raised under the 
 name of Le Eegiment de Douglas, about 1633. King 
 George Y. presented colours to the second battalion 
 in 1913. 
 
 * i.e., Regimental colours. 
 
 66 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment). — 
 
 Facings for the first four battalions, blue ; for the fifth, 
 scarlet. 
 
 B.C. — The Cypher of Queen Catherine, within the 
 Garter. In each of the four corners the Paschal Lamb, 
 with motto, " Pristuise virtatis niemor " (The memorj^ 
 of former valour). Below the central badge, the motto, 
 " Vel exnviai triumphant " (Arms trimnph surely). A 
 naval crowTi, superscribed " 1 st June, 1 794." The Sphinx, 
 superscribed " Egypt." This device was granted after 
 the campaign of 1801 . 
 
 The Paschal Lamb is often spoken of as being a badge 
 of the House of Braganza, but Sir Sibbald Scott, an 
 authority on these matters, declares that it was nc^er 
 an emblem of the royal house of Portugal ; it gained this 
 reputation by figuring in a picture which Sir Peter Lely 
 painted of Catherine. The regmient used the lamb 
 " without any obvious meaning, and that quite lately it 
 assumed the paschal attributes." 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Tangier, 1662-80 ; Namur, 
 1695; Vimiera ; Corunna ; Salamanca; Vittoria ; Pyrenees; 
 Nivelle ; Toulouse; Peninsula; Affghanistan, 1839; Ghuznee, 
 1839; I^elat ; South Africa, 1851-2-3; Taku Forts; Pekin, 
 i860; Burma, 1885-7; Tirah ; Relief of Ladysmith ; South 
 Africa, 1899- 1902. 
 
 The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). — Facings, buff. 
 
 E.C. — The Dragon. In each of the four corners, the 
 united Hed and \Vhite Rose, ensigned witli the imperial 
 crown. Motto, " Veteri froudescit honore " (By its 
 venerable honour may it flourish). Tliis flag is shown 
 in Fig. 27. 
 
 67 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 The origin of tlie dragon is obscure, but the Buflis have 
 descended from the Trained Bands of the City of London, 
 and probably the animal is a corruption of the City's 
 griffin. The connection with the City pemiits this regi- 
 ment to march through the streets of this area with 
 drums beating and bayonets fixed. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Blenheim ; Ramillies ; Ouden- 
 arde; Malplaquet; Dettingen ; Guadaloupe, 1759; Douro ; 
 Talavera ; Albuhera ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Nive ; 
 Orthes ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Punniar ; Sevastopol ; Taku 
 Forts ; South Africa, 1879 ; Chitral ; South Africa, 1900-02 ; 
 Relief of Kimberley ; Paardeberg. 
 
 Eeaders who have the opportunity of visiting the 
 Guildhall should see the colours which were retired in 
 1906, and then presented to the Lord Mayor of London. 
 They are exhibited in a glass case. 
 
 The King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment). — 
 
 Facings, blue. 
 
 E.G. — The Eoyal Cypher within the Garter. In each 
 of the four corners the Lion of England. 
 
 The Garter is dark blue, edged with gold, and bears the 
 motto, " Iloni soit qui mal y pense," in gilt letters. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Namur, 1695 1 Gibraltar, 
 1704-5 ; Guadaloupe, 1759 ; St. Lucia, 1778 ; Corunna ; Badajoz ; 
 Salamanca ; Vittoria ; St. Sebastian ; Nive ; Peninsula ; Bladens- 
 burg ; Waterloo ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; Abyssinia ; 
 South Africa, 1879 ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Relief of Lady- 
 smith. 
 
 ^.This regiment is often known by the nickname of " The 
 Lions," from its badge. 
 
 68 
 
Hw' 
 
 Savinc; the Colours ok the I^ufks at Ai.iu'hera 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 The Northumberland Fusiliers. — Facings, gosling 
 green, 
 
 R.C. — The St. George and Dragon. In each of the four 
 corners, the united Eed and White Eose, sHpped and 
 ensigned with the Eoyal Crest. The motto is " Quo fata 
 vocant " (Whither the fates call). 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Wilhelmstahl ; St. Lucia, 
 1778; RoU9a ; Vimiera ; Corunna ; Busaco ; Ciudad Rodrigo; 
 Badajoz ; Salamanca ; Vittoria ; Nivelle ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; 
 Peninsula ; Lucknow ; Afghanistan, 1878-80 ; Khartoum ; South 
 Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Modder River. 
 
 The honour " Wilhelmstahl " figures as " Willems " in certain 
 other colours. 
 
 The term " gosling green " has been obtained from 
 Colonel Gosling, an early and famous leader of the " Old 
 and Bold." 
 
 This regiment carries a third colour, also of goshng 
 green, on occasions of ceremony to celebrate the taking of 
 an enemy colour at AVilhelmstahl. 
 
 The colours of the 5th battahon are shown in Fig. 35. 
 
 The Royal Warwickshire Regiment. — Facings, blue. 
 
 B.C. — The antelope. In each of the four corners, the 
 imited Eed and Wliite Eose, shpped, ensigned with the 
 imperial crown. 
 
 Probably, the antelope is used with no more signifi- 
 cance than is the case with the paschal lamb of the West 
 Surreys. Legend says, however, tliat the " Saucy Sixth " 
 captured from a Moorish force a standard bearing an 
 antelope as its device and they appropriated it as their 
 own badge in remembrance of this prowess. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Namur, 1695 ; Martinique, 
 1794 ; Roli9a ; Vimiera ; Corunna ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; 
 
 69 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Orthes ; Peninsula ; Niagara ; South Africa, 1846-7, 1851-2-3 ; 
 Atbara; Khartoum; South Atrica, 1899- 1902. 
 
 The " Niagara " honour is shared with but few other regi- 
 ments. 
 
 The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment). — 
 
 [See also the London Eeginient, p. 111]. Facings, blue. 
 
 B.C. — The united Bed and White Eose within the 
 Garter and the crown over it. In each of the four corners 
 the ^'^^lite Horse. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Namur, 1695 > Martinique, 
 1809 ; Talavera ; Busaco ; Albuhera ; Badajoz ; Salamanca ; 
 Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Alma ; 
 Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; Kandahar, 1880 ; Afghanistan, 1879- 
 80 ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; ReUel of Ladysmith. 
 
 " The old eighteenth century colour, which now hangs 
 in the depot at Hounslow, was probably acquired by 
 the regiment about 1790. 
 
 " It was superseded by a set worked by the white 
 fingers of the English princesses themselves — a probably 
 unique honour. The Eoyal ladies were the sisters of the 
 Duke of Kent, then Colonel of the Eoyal Fusiliers. 
 Although exceedingly heavy and unwieldy, from being 
 overloaded with rich gold embroidery, these Colours 
 appear to ha^e been carried for some time, and may have 
 been in the tminoil at Albuliera. But history is silent 
 on the subject of the colours of the 7th in the Penuisula 
 War, althougli the Fusiliers saw a lot of fighting, and 
 bear no i"e^^or than nine honours on their Colours in 
 memory ol; the fact. 
 
 "Ill 1820 a new set of Colours was presented to the 
 regiment by Lady Augusta Fitzclarence, while stationed 
 at Malta, after which the princesses' Colours weixj given 
 
 70 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 to Lord Frederick Fitzclarence, not revertiug to tlie 
 regiment until 50 or 60 years later, when one of the 
 Fitzclarence family kindly presented them. 
 
 " The 1829 set saw no active service, and were retired 
 in 1851, shortly before the Crimean War broke out, 
 and their remains placed in the garrison chapel at 
 Portsmouth. The King's Colour has now practically 
 disappeared, and the other has more than half gone, 
 the three white horses and other decorations having 
 dropped off. 
 
 " The next set Avas also presented by Lady Augusta 
 Fitzclarence. and saw some stirring adventures in the 
 battle of the Alma, soon after the regunent landed to 
 begin its march into the interior. Both officers who 
 carried the colours fell on this occasion, as did also rehef 
 aft-er relief in their turn. At length one of the Colours — 
 the regimental — was dropped in the rear of a Eussian 
 battery, and lay there while the Coldstream Guards 
 marched over it, without being aware of the fact — for 
 all eyes were fixed upon the enemy in front. It was 
 finally picked up by General Sir Percy Fielding, wlio 
 sent it back to the 7th. 
 
 " In 1897 the second battalion of the regiment, the 
 J St Yorkshire Light Infantry, and the 2nd East York- 
 shire Regiment, participated in what was probably a 
 unique ceremony, all three battalions receiving tlieir 
 new Colours at one and the same time from the hands of 
 the Duchess of York, now Queen Mary. The Duchess 
 was assist^ed by Lord Eoberts, and the ceremony took 
 place at Phoenix Park, Dublin, in the presence of a vast 
 crowd,"* 
 
 * Ward Dell, in " The Regiment," Jan. 27, 1917. 
 
 71 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 The King's (Liverpool Regiment). — Facings : 1st, 
 2nd, 3rd, Ith, 7th, 7th (Isle of Man) Volunteers, and 9th 
 batts., blue ; 5th and 8th batts., black ; 6th and 10th 
 (Scottish) batts., scarlet. 
 
 E.G. — The White Horse within the Gart;er. The motto, 
 " Nee aspera terrent " (Nor do difficulties terrify us). 
 In each of the four corners, the Eoyal Cypher, ensigned 
 with the imperial crown. The Sphinx, superscribed 
 " Egypt." 
 
 The battle honours oi the " Leather Hats " are : Blenheim ; 
 Ramillies ; Oudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Dettingen ; Martinique, 
 1809 ; Niagara ; Delhi, 1857 ; Lucknow ; Peiwar Kotal ; 
 Afghanistan, 1878-80 ; Burma, 1885-87 ; South Africa, 1899- 
 1902 ; Defence of Ladysmith. 
 
 The Norfolk Regiment.— Facings, yellow. 
 
 E.G. — The figure of Britannia. This flag is shown in 
 Fig. 26. 
 
 Britannia was given as a badge to tlie " Fighting 
 Ninth " by Queen Anne, for the splendid work it did 
 at Almanza in 1707. Among the nicknames of this regi- 
 ment perhaps the best known is tliat of the " Holy Boys," 
 an appellation given to it by the Spaniards in the Penin- 
 sula, who took the device of Britannia to be that of the 
 Virgin Mary. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Havannah ; Martinique, 1794; 
 RoU9a ; Vimiera ; Conmna ; Busaco ; Salamanca ; Vittoria ; 
 St. Sebastian; Nive ; Peninsula; Cabool, 1842; Moodkee; 
 Ferozeshah ; Sobraon ; Sevastopol; Kabul, 1879; Afghanistan, 
 1879-80 ; South Africa, 1900-02 ; Paardeberg. 
 
 The Lincolnshire Regiment. — Facings, white. 
 
 E.G. — The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt." The 
 
 72 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRV 
 
 central crimson badge bears the Eoman numeral X., 
 this being the old tenth regiment. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Blenheim ; Ramillies ; Ouden- 
 arde ; Malplaquet; Peninsula; Sobraon ; Punjaub; Mooltan; 
 Goojerat ; Lucknow ; Atbara ; Khartoum; South Africa, 
 igoo-o2,; Paardeberg. 
 
 The Devonshire Regiment. — Facings, Lincoln green, 
 except the 4th battalion, which are black. 
 
 R.C.— The Castle of Exeter. Motto, " Semper fidelis " 
 (Always faithful). 
 
 The battle honours are : Dettingen ; Salamanca ; Pyrenees ; 
 Nivelle; Nive; Orthes; Toulouse; Peninsula; Afghanistan, 
 1879-80; Tirah ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Defence of Lady- 
 smith ; ReUef of Ladysmith. 
 
 The record of this regiment during the last South 
 African War is one of special merit and interest. 
 
 The Suffolk Regiment. — Facings, yellow. 
 
 R.C. — The Castle and Key, superscribed " Gibraltar, 
 1779-83," with the motto, " Montis insignia Calpe " (The 
 insignia of the Rock of Calpe, i.e., Gibraltar), miderneath. 
 
 The Castle and Key were granted by King Ferdinand II. 
 to Gibraltar as arms in 1502. 
 
 The battle honours are : Dettingen ; Minden ; Seringapatam ; 
 India ; South Africa, 185 1-2-3 J New Zealand ; Afghanistan, 
 1878-80 ; South Africa, 1899-1902. 
 
 This regiment, " The Old Dozen," is remembered for 
 its capture of many stands of rebel colours at Seringa- 
 patam. 
 
 The flag of the 4th battalion is shown in Fig. 37 and, 
 as will be seen from it, the badge is a Castle. (Idem for 
 the 5th battaUon). 
 
 L 73 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Prince Albert's (Somerset Light Infantry).— Facings, 
 
 blue. 
 
 B.C. — A mural crown, superscribed " Jellalabad," in 
 the central crimson badge, and, below, the Sphinx, 
 superscribed " Egypt." 
 
 The mural crown, a device which is associated with the 
 name of Jellalabad, was given to this regiment in token 
 of its fine work in the first Afghan War, when not only 
 a human but a natural foe cast about, in vain, to bring 
 it defeat. We are alluding to the crafty Afghans and the 
 api)alling earthquakes which rent the walls and buildings 
 of Jellalabad whilst Eobert Sale was in command. 
 
 The battle honours are : Gibraltar, 1704-5 ; Dettingen ; Mar- 
 tinique, 1809 ; Ava ; Affghanistan, 1839 ; Ghuznee, 1839 ; 
 Cabool, 1842 ; Sevastopol ; South Africa, 1878-9 ; Burmah, 
 1885-87 ; South Africa, 1 899-1902 ; Relief of Ladysmith. 
 
 The Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire 
 Regiment). — Facings, buff for all battalions, except tlie 
 7th and 8th, which are black. 
 
 B.C. — The Prince of Wales's plume. The White Horse. 
 The Eoyal Tiger, superscribed " India " and the motto, 
 " Nee aspera terrent." This flag is shown in Fig. 31. 
 
 The battle honours are : Namur, 1695 .' Tournay ; Corunna ; 
 Java ; Waterloo ; Bhurtpore ; Sevastopol ; New Zealand ; Afghan- 
 istan, 1879-80 ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Relief of Ladysmith. 
 
 " Although the West Yorkshires were raised so long 
 ago as 1685, their Colours had no honours for great early 
 battles until (a few years back) ' Namur, 1695 ' was 
 granted. ' Corunna ' was the first name to be inscribed 
 thereon, and, although ' Tom^nay ' was tardily authorised 
 in 1836, it was first placed on the stand issued to 
 
 74 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 the regiment in 1853. Thus the set issued in 1819 to 
 replace the tattered rags presented eighteen years before, 
 and which had tinie and again led the regiment on to 
 victory in Mauritius, in Java, and in Bengal — hard ser- 
 vices T\hich wore the Colours out so rapidly that they 
 were described as being ' fairly worn off the staves ' 
 some years previously — bore only three honours, of 
 which the third, ' Java,' Avas won by the first battalion ; 
 the second, ' Waterloo,' by the third battalion ; and the 
 first, ' Corunna,' by the second battahon. 
 
 '.' The next honour to be gained by the 14th was 
 ' Bhurtpore,' m 1826. Hardly had the great mine 
 beneath the hostile walls been sprung, when the besiegers 
 were seen rushing forward to the assault, the Colom\s of 
 the regiment beckoning in the very forefront, and being, 
 it is said, the first to be planted on the walls of the ' im- 
 pregnable ' Jat fortress. The 1835 set, therefore, which 
 replaced the ' Bhurtpore ' Colours, had four names 
 en\blazoned on them, and tlieir successors five, ' Tournay ' 
 having by this time been added. These, the Crimean 
 Colours, under whose folds the additional honours of 
 ' Sevastopol ' and ' New Zealand ' were earned, were not 
 formally ' presented ' but simply given out on parade 
 without ceremony, according to instructions from the 
 War Office, w^hich had been suddenly smitten with a 
 desire to save a pound or two here and there. They were 
 retired in 1876, and placed in Sandringham, by order of 
 His Majesty, then Prince of Wales, Avho had presented the 
 new set to the regmient at Lucknow. 
 
 " The campaign of 1879-80 in Afghanistan was the last 
 occasion upon which the ^Vest Yorkshires carried their 
 Colours into action, and that honour was, needless to say, 
 
 75 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 added to the many others which the regiment had earned 
 the right to bear."* 
 
 The East Yorkshire Regiment. — Pacings, white for 
 all battalions, except the 5th (Cyclist), which are scarlet. 
 
 E.G. — The White Eose is the central badge. 
 
 The battle honours are twelve in number : Blenheim ; Ramillies ; 
 Oudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Louisburg; Quebec, 1759 ; Martinique, 
 1762, 1794, 1809 ; Havaimah ; St. Lucia, 1778 ; Guadaloupe, 
 1810 ; Afghanistan, 1879-80 ; South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 The " Snappers," as this regiment is nicknamed, have 
 been in some of the fiercest contests fought by the British 
 Army, notably in the American War, at Blenheim, and 
 at Quebec, when General Wolfe was killed. 
 
 Q'he colom's of the 4:th battaUon are shown in Fig. 33. 
 
 The Bedfordshire Regiment. — Facings, white. 
 
 E.G. — The united Eed and White Eose, placed below 
 the union Avreath. The regimental number XVI. figures 
 in the space for the central badge. The flag is shown in 
 Fig. 29. 
 
 The battle honours are : Namur, 1695 '> Blenheim ; Ramillies ; 
 Oudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Surinam ; Chitral ; South Africa, 
 1900-02. These distinctions are not arranged, as is usual, in 
 a circular order, but three are placed on either horizontal Umb 
 of the St. George's Cross and one on each of the vertical 
 limbs. 
 
 The Leicestershire Regiment. — ^Facings, white, 
 E.G. — The Eoyal Tiger, superscribed " Hindoostan," 
 
 placed below the union wreath, a niuneral figuring in 
 
 the space for the central badge. 
 
 * Ward DcU, iii " The Regiment," Dec. 30, 1916. 
 
 76 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 The battle honours are : Namur, 1695 »' Louisburg ; Martinique, 
 1762; Havannah; Affghanistan, 1839; Ghuznee, 1839 ; Khelat ; 
 Sevastopol; Ali Masjid ; Afghanistan, 1878-79; Defence of 
 Ladysmith ; South Africa, 1899- 1902. These distinctions are not 
 arranged, as is usual, in a circular order, but upon the 
 horizontal and lower vertical limbs of the St. George's Cross. 
 
 The Eoyal Tiger was granted to the "Lily Whites " 
 for their splendid work in India during the early years 
 of the nineteenth century. 
 
 The Royal Irish Regiment. — Facings, blue. 
 
 E.G. — The Harp and Crown. In each of the four 
 corners, a shield with the arms of Nassau, and the motto, 
 " Virtutis iifamurcencls Prsemium " (The reward of 
 virtue at Namur). The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt." 
 The Dragon, superscribed " China." 
 
 The Nassau arms, which formed part of the badges of 
 WiUiam of Orange, were bestowed upon the Eoyal Irish 
 in conmiemoration of the splendid way in which it 
 stormed the Castle of Namur in 1695, in the presence of 
 the King. 
 
 The battle honours are : Namur, 1695 j Blenheim ; Ramillies ; 
 Oudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Pegu ; Sevastopol ; New Zealand ; 
 Afghanistan, 1879-80 ; Egypt, 1882 ; Tel-el-Kebir ; Nile, 1884-85; 
 South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 It is well known that the bravery of this and other 
 Irish regiments in South Africa caused Queen Victoria 
 to raise the Irish Guards. 
 
 Alexandra, Princess of Wale8*s Own (Yorkshire 
 Regiment). — Facings, grass green. 
 
 E.G. — The Cypher of H.E.II. Alexandra, Piincess of 
 Wales, in gold (thereon " Alexandra "), interlaced with 
 
 77 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 the Dannebrog, inscribed with the date 1875, and the 
 whole surmounted by the Coronet of the Princess. 
 
 The Dannebrog is the name given to the white cross 
 which the Danish king Waldemar was supposed to lia^e 
 seen in the red sky on the night before he met the 
 Livonians in battle. His encounter was successful, and he 
 therefore looked upon the cross as a sign sent to him 
 from heaven. So deeply impressed was he by the appari- 
 tion that he straightway accepted it as a national symbol, 
 and it has been chosen as the badge of the " Green 
 Howards " owing to their patron being our honoured 
 Queen Mother. 
 
 The battle honours are : Malplaquet ; Alma ; Inkerman ; 
 Sevastopol ; Tirah ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Relief of Kimber- 
 ley ; Paardeberg. 
 
 The colours of the 4th battahon are shown in Fig. 34. 
 
 The Lancashire Fusiliers.— Facings, white. 
 
 E.C. — The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt," placed 
 below the miion wreath, and, within the circular badge, 
 the lied Rose. The motto is " Onmia audax " (Darmg 
 everythirjg). 
 
 The battle honours are : Dettingen ; Minden ; Egmont-op-Zee ; 
 Maida ; Vimiera ; Corunna ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Orthes ; Tou- 
 louse ; Peninsula ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; Lucknow ; 
 Khartoum ; South Africa, 1 899-1902 ; Relief of Ladysmith. 
 
 The colours of this regiment have been subjected to 
 more than ordinary vicissitudes. They were bmnt in 
 order that they should not fall mto the hands of the 
 enemy when forced to surrender at Saratoga ; they were 
 lost during the retreat from Corunna, but happily found 
 
 78 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 again on reacliing Portsmouth, and in the Crimea they 
 were riddled by the Russian bullets. 
 
 At the Royal United Service Museum may be seen 
 one of the old colours, dating from the time when the 
 regiment was known as tlie 20th, or East Devonshires. 
 It is exhibit No. 3,084, and bears the inscription : — 
 
 " Portion of the Colours of the 20th Regiment, pre- 
 sented to it in 1803 by Colonel Robert Ross, the hero of 
 Bladensburg ; they were retired from service in 1815. 
 The 20th fought under them at the victory of Maida 
 in 1806, and they led the Regiment in the following 
 memorable battles of the Peninsula War : Vimiera, 
 Corunna, Vittoria, the Pyrenees, Nivelles, Orthes, and 
 Toulouse." 
 
 The Royal Scots Fusiliers. — ^Facings, blue. 
 
 R.C. — The I'histle within the circle and motto of the 
 Order of the Thistle. In each of the four corners, the 
 Royal Cypher, ensigned with the imperial crown. 
 
 Tlie motto of this Order is " l!<Jemo me impune lacessit." 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Blenheim ; Ramillies ; Ouden- 
 arde ; Malplaquet; Dettingen; Martinique, 1794; Bladensburg; 
 Alma; Inkerman ; Sevastopol; South Africa, 1879; Burma, 
 1885-87; Tirah; South Africa, 1899-1902; Relief of Ladysmith. 
 
 The colours of this regiment were captured by the 
 French at Blenheim during an overwhelming charge, 
 but were fortmiately regained later. At New Orleans 
 they undervA'ent an experience proT)al)ly imparalleled 
 in the history of all regimental flags. A quartermaster- 
 sergeant, fearing that they might be lost, tore them 
 from their stafl: and AVTapped them round his body. 
 Unfortunately, he was taken prisoner, but, strange as it 
 
 79 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 may seem, lie was able to hide them from his guards 
 dming the year or two that he was kept confined. The 
 faithful man was able to restore them to his regiment 
 when he regained England. 
 
 The Cheshire Regiment. — ^Facings, buff for all bat- 
 tahons but the 4th, which are scarlet. 
 B.C.— The imited Bed and White Eose. 
 
 The battle honours are: Louisburg; Martinique, 1762; Havan- 
 nah; Meeanee ; Hyderabad; Scinde ; South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 During the battle of Dettingen which, curiously 
 enough, does not figure among the honorary distinctions. 
 King George II. was being harassed by the French when 
 a body of the " Two Twos " surrounded him, as he stood 
 under an oak tree, and protected his person. The King, 
 to show his gTatitude, took a leaf from the tree, and 
 offered it to the senior officer. Ever since, the oak leaf 
 has been an honoured badge of the Cheshires, who wear 
 it on their colours annually on September 12th. 
 
 The Royal Welsh Fusiliers. — ^Facings, blue. 
 
 B.C. — The plume of the Prince of Wales. In the first 
 and fourth corners, the Eising Sun ; in the second corner, 
 the Bed Dragon ; in the third corner, the White Horse, 
 with the motto, " Nee aspera terrent." 
 
 The plume, the rising sun, and the dragon are badges 
 of the Prince of Wales. They were assigned to the old 
 23rd as a reward for its services in Marlborough's cam- 
 paign. The red dragon is, of course, frequently associated 
 with W^elsh tradition. 
 
 The battle honours are : Namur, 1695 > Blenheim; Ramillies; 
 Oudenarde ; Malplaquet ; Dettingen ; Minden ; Corunna ; Martin- 
 ique, 1809; Albuhera; Badajoz; Salamanca; Vittoria; P5rrenees; 
 
 80 
 
'rr)fi)ii/)iiiiTiiiiiii//jiiiiiiiiir'iiriinii 
 
 XXih 
 
 25. Kings Colour of 
 
 the Royal Welsh 
 
 Fusiliers. 
 
 26. Regimental 
 
 Colour of the 
 Norfolk Regiment. 
 
 ^27. R e g i m e n t al 
 Colour of the buffs 
 g (East Kent Regi- 
 ment). 
 
 28. Regimental 
 
 Colour of the D<ike 
 
 of Cornwall's Light 
 
 Infantry. 
 
 29. Regimental 
 Colour of the Bed- 
 fordshire Regiment. 
 
 30. Regimental 
 
 Colour of the 
 Hampshire Regiment 
 
 31. Regimental 
 
 Colour of the Princ» 
 
 of Wales's Own 
 
 (West Yorkshire) 
 
 Regiment. 
 
 32. Regimental 
 
 Colour of the 
 Dorsetshire Ri-ginicnt 
 
 Plate 4. Colours of the Infantry of the Line 
 (Regular Battalions) 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 Nivelle; Orthes ; Toulouse; Peninsula; Waterloo; Alma; 
 Inkerman ; Sevastopol; Lucknow ; Ashatitee, 1873-4; Burma, 
 1885-87; South Africa, 1899-1902; Relief of Ladysmith ; 
 Pekin, 1900. 
 
 The King's colour of thU regiment is shown in Fig. 25. 
 The Brecknockshire Battalion possesses a colour 
 bearing the Eed Dragon, passant. 
 
 The South Wales Borderers. — Facings, grass green. 
 
 B.C. — The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt," placed 
 below the union wreatli, and, within the circular badge, 
 the regimental number. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Blenheim ; RamilUes ; Ouden- 
 arde ; Malplaquet ; Cape of Good Hope, 1806 ; Talavera; Busaco ; 
 Fuentes d'Onor ; Salamanca ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; 
 Orthes; Peninsula; Punjaub ; Chillianwallah ; Goojerat; South 
 Africa, 1877-8-9 ; Burma, 1885-87 ; South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 This regiment is the proud possessor of an unique 
 distinction — a silver wreath of immortelles, presented by 
 Queen Victoria — ^which it wears on the King's colours in 
 memorj^ of the gallantry displayed by Lieutenants 
 Melvill and Coghill, V.C. Mr. Philip A. AA^ilkins, m his 
 book, " The History of the Victoria Cross," describes 
 the thrilling work of these two fine soldiers, as follows : — 
 
 " Lieutenant Coghill had been told off to act as gal- 
 loper to Colonel Glyn on the unfortunate reconnaisance 
 made from Isandlwana Camp, on January 22nd, 1879, 
 but that officer, seeing he was quite lame, insisted that 
 he should remain behind and nurse his knee, injm'cd 
 while out foraguig a few days before. He therefore 
 remained in the camp, which, as soon as the Zulus had 
 drawn off Lord Chelmsford and the main body of our 
 
 81 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 troops, was attacked by an impi of 25,000 men, com- 
 pletely surrounded, and practically annihilated. 
 
 " Colonel Pulleine, who was in command, seeing the 
 desperate state of affairs, called to Lieutenant and 
 Adjutant Melvill to take the Queen's (as it then was) 
 colour of the regiment and endeavoitr to cut his 
 way through the mass of Zulus, to prevent its falhng 
 into the enemy's hands. This order Lieutenant Melvill 
 proceeded to carry out, and. with Lieutenant Coghill, 
 spurred his horse over the rocky and dangerous ground 
 to the Buffalo River, six miles distant. ... In com- 
 pany with one mounted soldier, Melvill and Coghill 
 reached the Buffalo and plunged in, the soldier 
 being at once carried aAA-ay by the whirling stream and 
 drowned. Coghill reached the iS^atal side in safety, and 
 turning round, saw Melvill, whose horse had been 
 drowned, being carried dowii by the nisliing torrent, 
 and that the colour he had tried so hard to save 
 had been wrenched from his grasp, and was floating 
 away down the river. Though unable to Avalk owing to 
 his injured knee, and knowing, as he did, that any 
 accident to his horse meant certain death to him, with 
 safety and life at hand if he chose to take them, yet 
 Coghill refused to consider himself, and, turnhig his 
 horse's head, rode back again into the stream to 
 Melvill's assistance. The Zulus kept up a hot fire upon 
 b<jth men, and shortly afterwards Coghill's liorse was 
 shot. With the greatest difficulty both managed to 
 reach and climb the steep bank, and took shelter 
 beneath some huge boulders. . . . 
 
 " Of their actual end no living man has ever borne 
 witness, but when a search party under Major Black 
 
 82 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 discovered the bodies of these brave men, a ring of dead 
 Zulus around them bore silent testimony that they had 
 sold their lives dearly, and had fought it out to the 
 last. 
 
 " The Queen, whose colours these officers had died to 
 save, was quick to recognise such heroic bravery, and 
 sent two wreaths to be placed on the arms of the cross 
 which marks their grave by the Buft'alo Eiver, and later 
 presented to the 24th Eegiment the silver wreath 
 mentioned above." 
 
 This act won for these gallant officers the Victoria 
 Cross and it brought about the decision that colours 
 should no more be carried into battle, as it caused valuable 
 lives to be lost in guarding them. This, then, was the 
 last occasion when these cherished emblems Avere taken 
 into the array of battle. 
 
 The King's Own Scottish Borderers. — Facings, blue. 
 
 E.C. — The Castle of Edinburgh, where the regiment 
 was originally raised by the Earl of Leven in 1689. The 
 motto, " Nisi Dominus frustra " (Without the Lord, it 
 is useless). In the first and fourth corners, the Eoyal 
 Crest, with the motto, " In veritate religionis confido " 
 (In the truth of religion I confide). In the second and 
 tliird corne! s, the WTiite Horse, Avith " Nee aspera 
 terrent." The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt," below 
 the union wreath. 
 
 The battle honours are : Namur, 1695 ' Minden ; Egmont-op- 
 Zee ; Martinique, 1809 ; Afghanistan, 1878-80 ; Chitral ; Tirah ; 
 South Africa, 1900-02 ; Paardeberg. 
 
 The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). 
 
 Eifle regiments do not i)ossess colours. 
 
 83 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. — ^Facings, blue. 
 
 B.C. — The Castle of Inniskilling with three turrets, 
 
 and a St. George's flag flying from one of them. In 
 
 each of the four corners the White Horse, with the 
 
 motto, " Nee aspera terrent." The Sphinx, superscribed 
 
 " Egypt." 
 
 The battle honours are : " Martinique, 1762 ; Havannah ; St. 
 Lucia, 1778, 1796 ; Maida ; Badajoz ; Salamanca ; Vittoria ; 
 Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; 
 South Africa, 1835, 1846-7 ; Central India ; South Africa, 1899- 
 1902 ; Relief of Ladysmith. 
 
 The Gloucestershire Regiment. — ^Facings, wliite, 
 except for the 5th battalion, which are scarlet. 
 
 B.C. — No regimental badge figures within the central 
 ring, but the Spliinx, superscribed " Egypt," is placed 
 below the union wreath. 
 
 The battle honours are : Ramillies ; Louisburg ; Guadaloupe, 
 1759 ; Quebec, 1759 ; Martinique, 1762 ; Havannah ; St. Lucia, 
 1778 ; Maida ; Corunna; Talavera; Busaco ; Barrosa ; Albuhera; 
 Salamanca ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Tou- 
 louse ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; Punjaub ; Chillianwallah ; Goojerat; 
 Alma; Inkerman; Sevastopol; Delhi, 1857; South Africa, 1899- 
 1902 ; Defence of Ladysmith ; Relief of Kimberley ; Paardeberg. 
 (No colour bears a longer list of honours than those of this regi- 
 ment) . 
 
 The Worcestershire Regiment.—Facings, white. 
 
 B.C. — The united Bed and White Bose with the motto, 
 " Firm," in the lower vertical limb of the red St. George's 
 Cross. A Naval Crown, superscribed " 1st June, 1794," 
 in the upper vertical hmb. 
 
 The battle honours are : Ramillies ; Mysore ; Hindoostan ; 
 Roli9a ; Vimiera ; Corunna ; Talavera ; Albuhera ; Salamanca ; 
 
 84 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Feroze- 
 shah ; Sobraon; Punjaub; Chillian wallah ; Goojerat; South 
 Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 The East Lancashire Regiment. — Fa^jings, white, 
 for all battalions except the 5th, which are black. 
 
 R.C. — The Sphinx, superscribed "Egypt," placed 
 below the union wreath. The motto, " Spectamur 
 agendo " (By our actions, let us be judged). 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Gibraltar, 1704-5 ; Cape of 
 Good Hope, 1806; Corunna ; Java; Badajoz ; Salamanca; 
 Vittoria ; St. Sebastian ; Nive ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; Bhurtpore ; 
 Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; Canton ; Ahmad Khel ; Afghani- 
 stan, 1878-80; Chitral ; South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 The East Surrey Regiment. — Facings, white, except 
 for the 6th battalion, which are scarlet. 
 
 Iv.C. — The united Red and White Rose, placed beneath 
 the imion wreath. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Gibraltar, 1704-5 ; Dettingen ; 
 Martinique, 1794 ; Guadaloupe, 1810 ; Talavera ; Albuhera ; 
 Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Peninsula ; Cabool, 
 1842; Moodkee ; Ferozeshah ; Aliwal ; Sobraon; Sevastopol; 
 Taku Forts ; New Zealand ; Afghanistan, 1878-79 ; Suakin, 
 1885 ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Relief of Ladysmith. 
 
 Lord Strafford's coat of arms includes a small re- 
 presentation of the colours of this regunent. He was 
 permitted to use this device m recognition of his services 
 at St. Pierre, in the heat of the fighting, Strafford, who 
 was then Sir John Byng, snatched up the colour's and 
 carried them foi-A^-^ard in a charge. His gallant action 
 had a veiy fine iiilluence on the men, and this privilege 
 of using a representation of the colours in his arms nmsl 
 be one of which the family of Strafford arc rightly proud. 
 
 85 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry. — ^Facings, 
 white. 
 
 E.G. — The united Eed and White Eose, placed below 
 the union wreath. This flag is shown in Fig. 28. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Gibraltar, 1 704-05 ; Dettingen ; 
 St. Lucia, 1778; Dominica; Roli9a; Vimiera; Corunna; Sala- 
 manca ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; 
 Punjaub; Mooltan ; Goojerat; Sevastopol; Lucknow; Egypt, 1882; 
 Tel-el-Kebir; Nile, 1884-85; South Africa, 1899-1902; Paardeberg. 
 
 The flag of the " Docs " must not be confused with 
 that of the East Surreys, to which it bears a very close 
 resemblance. The colour reveals little that is distinctive, 
 and it seems a pity, somewhat, that a regiment with 
 such a fine record at Lucknow, Cawnpore, and elsewhere 
 should not possess devices of more interest. Its motto, 
 " One and All," which, however, does not figure on the 
 flag, is, we beheve, unrecognised by the authorities. 
 
 The Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regi- 
 ment). — ^Facings, scarlet. 
 
 E.G. — The late Duke of WeUington's crest, with the 
 motto in an escroU above, " Virtutis fortuna comes " 
 (Fortune, the friend of pluck). The Elephant, super- 
 scribed " Hindoostan." 
 
 The Duke's crest consists of a three-quarter length 
 rampant lion emergmg from a crown and grasping in 
 its fore-paws a flag bearing the cross of St. George. 
 
 The elephant with a howdah is obviously a badge 
 gained for services in India. 
 
 The battle honours are : Dettingen ; Mysore ; Seringapatam ; 
 Ally Ghur ; Delhi, 1803 ; Leswarree ; Deig ; Gjrunna ; Nive ; 
 Peninsula ; Waterloo ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; Abyssinia ; 
 South Africa, 1900-02 ; Relief of Kimberley ; Paardeberg. 
 
 86 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 This regiment, the only one named after a person not 
 of royal blood, had a " battalion in the Bergen-op-Zooni 
 disaster, but before the EngUsh, who had managed to 
 get within the fort, were compelled to surrender, the 
 Colour-bearers of the regiment were sent back over the 
 walls with instructions to save the Colours as best they 
 could. They were successful ; in fact, not one Colour 
 has ever been lost by this famous corps in battle. 
 
 " New Colours were presented in 1813, and these were 
 carried at the battle of Waterloo two years later. The 
 33rd formed part of Halkett's Brigade, which occupied 
 the centre of the line, and was almost crumpled to pieces 
 by the efforts of Napoleon's massed guns. These Colours 
 continued to be carried until 1830, when they were re- 
 ported upon at Spanish Town as ' very old, and 
 scarcely to be distinguished as Colours.' 
 
 " The ' Havercake Lads ' were present, as was only fit, 
 at the funeral of the great Duke after whom they were 
 named, in 1852, and the regimental Colour carried on 
 that occasion underwent rather a curious adventure. 
 
 " When the Colours were brought from Glasgow to 
 London for the ceremony, they were left in the house of 
 C'olonel Blake, of the regiment, in Portland Place, for a 
 while. Now, although this particular set had never been 
 ill batlle, they were in ribbons as the result of much bad 
 weather in various climes, and their tattered condition 
 struck x>ity to the feminine heart of Mrs. Colonel Blake. 
 
 "'Men are so careless,' she said to herself; 'fancy 
 letting them get into that state ! 1 '11 mend the ('olours 
 for them.' 
 
 " The regimental Colour being white with a red cross, 
 Mrs. Blake's white silk wedding dress was just the thing 
 
 87 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARIVIY 
 
 for lepaii's — and for repairs accordingly it was used, 
 and the ofEendiiig Colour was nicely patched, to the con- 
 sternation of the regiment when they saw it. But out 
 of consideration for the lady's feehngs, the patches were 
 never removed, and can still be seen quite plainly. 
 
 " This set was retired at DubUn in 1854, and taken 
 possession of by the commanduig officer. Ilis widow after- 
 wards presented both Colours to the Royal United 
 Service Institute, in which museum in Whitehall, they 
 hang to this day."* 
 
 The exhibit bears the following inscription : Colours 
 of the 33rd Regiment, 1832-54, then known as the 1st 
 Yorkshire (West Riding), which were presented to the 
 battalion in 1832, at AVeedon, by General Sir Charles 
 Whale, K.C.B,, colonel of the regiment. The first is the 
 ordinary Royal colour' of the great Union ; and the 
 second, or regimental colour, the Red Cross of 8t. George 
 on a white field, and only two honours are attached, 
 those of " Peninsula " and " Seringapatam." They 
 have never been on active service, but they are associated 
 with two interesting military events. From 1838 to 
 1840 the 33rd were at Gibraltar, and there under these 
 colours H.R.H. the late Commander-in-Chief, then 
 Prince George of Cambridge, was attached for duty to 
 the battalion on his first introdiiction to the British Army. 
 The 33rd, as is well known, monopolised most of the regi- 
 mental ser^'ice of the great Duke of WeUington, and at 
 his funeral on the 18th November. 1852 — to attend which 
 the regiment was brought to London from Glasgow — 
 these colours proved a conspicuous mark. The colours 
 
 * From " The Regiment," Nov. 4, 1916. 
 
 88 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 were retired from service at Dublin in 1854, prior to the 
 33rd proceeding to the Crimea. 
 
 The Border Regiment. — ^Facings, white. 
 
 E.G. — ^A laurel wreath. The Dragon, superscribed 
 
 " China." 
 
 This regiment is a combination of the old 34th Cum- 
 berland and the 55th Westmoreland ; it now possesses 
 the former's laurel wTeath, gained for admirable services 
 rendered on the fatal field of Fontenoy, and the latter' s 
 dragon, awarded in recognition of its work in China, 1842. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Havannah ; St. Lucia, 1778; 
 Albuhera ; Arroyo dos Molinos ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; 
 Nive ; Orthes ; Peninsula ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; 
 Lucknow ; South Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Relief of Ladysmith. 
 
 This regiment is the only one with " Arroyo dos 
 Molinos " as a battle honour. In the Peninsula, by a 
 surprise move, the old 34th took prisoners ahiiost all of 
 the 34th regiment of French Infantry. As a reward, 
 they were allowed to wear a red and white ball in the 
 front of their shakos. When, later, this appointment 
 became general among infantry regiments, the Borders 
 showed their displeasure at losing this distinctive sign. 
 By way of compensation, the battle honour of " Arroyo 
 dos Molinos " was granted to them. 
 
 " The colours which were carried in this fight became 
 so tattered and dilapidated in after years that the officers 
 at length decided to have them x>reserved under glass 
 in order to lengthen their existence, and they were sent, 
 accordingly, to a tradesman in the Opera Colonnade, 
 London. While in hLs keeping, however, the building 
 was, unfortunately, burnt to the ground, and the charred 
 
 89 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTmC ARMY 
 
 remains of the colours were all that was ever recovered 
 from the ruins. Eyen these were thought worthy of 
 preservation, and now rest confined in a silver urn. 
 
 " The colours which replaced the Bergen set in 1815 
 passed through strange vicissitudes before Lord Archibald 
 Campbell at last rescued them in 1888. His attention 
 was drawn to them by a pawnbroker's advertisement 
 which offered them for sale as though they had been a 
 pair of mere window curtains. Needless to say, they 
 were at once purchased, and are now safe with the other 
 old colours of this historic regiment at Kendal."* 
 
 The Royal Sussex Regiment. — ^Facings, blue. 
 
 E.G. — The White EousiUon plume which it gained 
 on the Heights of Abraham, when it overcame Mont- 
 calm's Rousillon regiment. This latter force possessed 
 the device of a, white plume or feather, and the Eoyal 
 Sussex adopted it as their badge. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Gibraltar, 1704-05 ; Louisburg; 
 Quebec, 1759 ; Martinique, 1762 ; Havannah ; St. Louis, 1778 ; 
 Maida; Egypt, 1882; Nile, 1884-85; Abu Klea ; South Africa, 
 1900-02. 
 
 The 5th (Cinque Ports) battaUon carries colours 
 bearing the arms of the Cinque Ports, which consist of 
 a half lion and a ship-stern, repeated three times. 
 
 The Hampshire Regiment. — ^Facitigs, yellow for all 
 battalions, except the 8th (Isle of Wight) Eifles, which 
 are black. 
 
 E.C. — The Eoyal Tiger, superscribed " Lidia." This 
 flag is shown in Fig. 30. 
 
 * " The Regiment," Jan. 6, 1917. 
 
 90 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 The battle honours are : Blenheim ; Ramillies ; Oudenarde ; 
 Malplaquet ; Dettingen ; Minden ; Toumay ; Barrosa ; Peninsula ; 
 Taku Forts ; Pekin, i860 ; Charasiah ; Kabul, 1879 ; Afghani- 
 stan, 1878-80 ; Burma, 1885-87 ; South Africa, 1900-02 ; 
 Paardeberg. 
 
 The, 7th battalion carries colours with the following 
 devices : A Stirrup. In the first and fourth corners, a 
 White Eose, and in the second and third, a Eed Eose. 
 
 The South Staffordshire Regiment.— Facings, white. 
 E.G. — The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt," placed 
 below the union wreath. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Guadaloupe, 1759 ; Martinique, 
 1762; Monte Video; Roh9a ; Vimiera ; Corunna ; Busaco ; 
 Badajoz ; Salamanca ; Vittoria ; St. Sebastian ; Nive ; Penin- 
 sula ; Ava ; Moodkee ; Ferozeshah ; Sobraon ; Pegu ; Alma ; 
 Inkermem ; Sevastopol ; Lucknow ; Central India ; South 
 Africa, 1878-79 ; Egypt, 1882 ; Nile, 1884-85 ; Kirbekan ; South 
 Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 The Dorsetshire Regiment.— Facings, grass green. 
 
 E.G. — The motto, " Primus in Indus " (First in India), 
 because it was the first regiment from the home country 
 to be landed in India. Also, the (3astle and Key, super- 
 scribed " Gibraltar, 1779-83," and the motto, " Montis 
 Insignia Calpe." This flag is shown in Fig. 32. 
 
 The battle honours are : Plassey ; Martinique, 1794 ; Marabout ; 
 Albuhera ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Penin- 
 sula ; Ava ; Maharajpore ; Sevastopol ; Tirah ; South Africa, 
 1 899- 1 902 ; Relief of Ladysmith. 
 
 The colours of the 5-1 th or West Norfolk, now forming 
 the second battahon of the Dorsetshires, were on board 
 tile " Sarah Sands," when this vessel, laden with vast 
 stores of ammunition, caught fire. When the alarm was 
 given, the room in which these emblems were placed 
 
 91 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 was full of smoke, and they were ouly rescued after an 
 heroic attempt on the part of Private WUes and the 
 Quartermaster. These colours may now be seen in 
 Norwich Cathedral. 
 
 The Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lanca- 
 shire Regiment). — Facings, whit« for all battalions but 
 the 5th, which are scarlet. 
 
 E.G. — The plume of the Prince of Wales. The Sphinx, 
 superscribed " Egj'^pt." 
 
 The battle honours are : Louisburg ; Martinique, 1762 ; Havan- 
 nah ; St. Lucia, 1778 ; Monte Video ; Roli9a ; Vimiera ; Corunna ; 
 Talavera; Badajoz ; Salamanca; Vittoria; Pyrenees; Nivelle; 
 Orthes ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Niagara ; Waterloo ; Cajidahar, 
 1842 ; Ghuznee, 1842 ; Cabool, 1842 ; Maharajpore ; Sevastopol ; 
 Lucknow ; New Zealand ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Relief of 
 Ladysmith. 
 
 A set of retired colours belonging to this regiment may 
 be seen in Chelsea Hospital. The exhibit bears the fol- 
 lowing m scrip tion : 
 
 " The Colours of the 40th Eegiment. Presented to 
 Sir Alexander Woodford (for many years Colonel of that 
 gallant Eegiment), by Lieutenant-Colonel Leslie and the 
 officers of the Corps, on its return from service in New 
 Zealand, and delivered into his hands by Colonel A. 
 Nelson, at the Eoyal Hospital, Chelsea, 1867." 
 
 The Welsh Regiment. — ^Facings, white for all 
 battahons but the 7th (Cyclist) battalion, which are 
 scarlet. 
 
 E.C. — Ihe Eose and Thistle on the same stalk, within 
 the Garter. In the first and fourth corners, the Eoyal 
 Cypher ensigned with the imperial crown : in the second 
 
 92 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 and third coruers, the Plume of the Prince of Wales. The 
 motto, " Gwell angau na chy^vilydd " (Death rather 
 than shame). A naval crown, superscribed " 12th 
 April, 1782." (This device serves to recall the defeat of 
 De Grasse by Kodney at Martinique.) 
 
 The battle honours axe : Martinique, 1762 ; St. Vincent ; Bour- 
 bon ; Java ; Detroit ; Queenstown ; Miami ; Niagara ; Waterloo ; 
 India; Ava ; Candahar, 1842 ; Ghuznee, 1842; Cabool, 1842; 
 Alma; Inkerman; Sevastopol; South Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Relief 
 of Kimberley ; Paardeberg. 
 
 " The second battalion has been rather unfortunate 
 with its colours, losing one at Bergen-op-Zoom — it was 
 afterwards taken to Paris — and the other at Quatre Bras. 
 This was taken by the (French) 8th Hussars, who charged 
 the regiment through the long corn just as the Prince of 
 Orange was interfering with its formation. It was not lost 
 without a splendid fight, however, Clarke, who carried it, 
 receiving no fewer than twenty-three wounds and losing 
 the use of an arm in its defence."* A fragment of an 
 old colour of the 41st is exhibited in the Royal United 
 Service Museum. 
 
 The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders). — Facings, 
 blue. 
 
 R.C.— The Eoyal Cypher within the Garter. The 
 badge and motto of the Order of the Thistle. In each 
 of the four corners the Royal Cypher ensigned with the 
 imperial crown. The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt." 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Guadziloupe, 1 759 ; Martinique, 
 1762 ; Havannah ; North America, 1763-64 ; Mysore ; Mangalore ; 
 Seringapatam ; Corunna ; Busaco ; Fuentes d'Onor ; Pyrenees ; 
 Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; South 
 
 * " The Regiment," Dec. 9, 1916. 
 
 93 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Africa, 1846-7, 185 1-2-3 > Alma ; Sevastopol ; Lucknow ; 
 Ashantee, 1873-4 ; Egypt, 1882, 1884 ; Tel-el-Kebir ; NUe. 
 1884-85; Kirbekan ; South Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Paardeberg. 
 
 The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light 
 
 Infantry.— Facings, white for all battalions but the 
 Buckinghamshire battalion, which are scarlet. 
 E.G. — The united Eed and White Eose. 
 
 The battalion honours are : Quebec, 1759 ; Martinique, 1762, 
 1794 ; Havannah ; Mysore ; Hindoostan ; Vimiera ; Corunna ; 
 Busaco ; Fuentes d'Onor ; Ciudad Rodrigo ; Badajoz ; Salamanca ; 
 Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; Penin- 
 sula ; Waterloo; South Africa, 1851-2-3 ; Delhi, 1857; New 
 ZeaJemd; South Africa, 1900-02 ; Relief of Kimberley ; Paardeberg. 
 
 The " Light Bobs," as this regiment is nicknamed, are 
 a combination of the old 43rd (Monmouthshire Light 
 Infantry) and the 52nd (Oxfordshire Light Infantry). 
 A retired stand of flags of the former may be seen in the 
 Eoyal United Service Museum, bearing this inscription : 
 
 " Colours of the 43rd, 1818-27, one of the .regiments of 
 the celebrated Light Division of Peninsula fame. The 
 first or Eoyal colour is the Great Union, and the second, 
 or regimental colour, the Eed Cross of St. George on the 
 white field. They only bear the one distinction, ' Penin- 
 sula,' the other honours shortly afterwards authorised 
 not having been added. They were made to replace 
 those carried with such distinguished honour in the 
 Peninsula, and were presented to the regiment in 3818 
 at Valencieimes. The colours were carried on parade 
 at the celebrated review held on 23rd October, 1818, 
 the day before the break-up of the Army, when the 
 whole of the British, Hanoverian, Saxon, and Danish 
 contingents, conmianded by the Duke of Wellington, 
 
 94 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 were paraded before the Emperor of Eussia and King of 
 Prussia, near Valenciennes. Their last public act was 
 to accompany the regiment to the Peninsula in 1827, 
 when five thousand British troops were despatched 
 under General Sir Henry Clinton, owing to the disturbed 
 state of Portugal, and the hostile attitude of Spain. A 
 few months later the colours were retired from service, 
 when a new set bearing the eleven additional honours 
 authorised in 1821 were jDresented by the wife of 
 the commanding officer, Ijieutenant-Colonel WilUam 
 Haverfield." 
 
 Another stand of colours, in the same museum, re- 
 present the old 52nd regiment. Here is the record 
 exhibited with them : — 
 
 " Colours of the 52nd Light Lifantry, 1824-52, now the 
 2nd Battahon of the Oxfordshire Light Infantry, and they 
 appropriately hang next those of their linked battahon 
 and old Peninsula comrades, the 43rd. The Eoyal or 
 King's colour is the Great Union, and is so dilapidated, 
 that it can scarcely hold the honours attached to it. 
 The regimental colour, which is in much better condition, 
 is of buff silk, and bears fifteen honours — the largest 
 number granted at the time to any corps, save one, the 
 Eifle Brigade. They were presented to the regiment at 
 St. John's, New Brunswick, m 1823, to replace the colours 
 which the 52nd had so nobly borne in the Peninsula 
 and AVaterloo. In that great struggle, the 52nd were 
 commanded by the celebrated Lieutenant-Colonel John 
 Colbome, afterwards Lord Seaton, he whom Napier 
 justly described as ' a man of singular talents for war, 
 and capable of turning the fate of a battle.' This 
 
 95 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 distingTiislied. soldier, who had so often led the regiment 
 to victory and never hurried it into defeat, conmianded 
 the 52nd when these colours were taken into use in 1824. 
 They have never faced a foreign foe, but they were 
 silent witnesses of the steady discipline and bravery of 
 the regiment on board the transport ' Marquis of 
 Huntly,' which was nearly lost in a hurricane in the 
 Atlantic m 1831." 
 
 The Essex Regiment. — ^Facings, white. 
 
 E.G. — The Castle and Key, superscribed " Gibraltar, 
 1779-83," with the motto, " Montis Insignia Calpe " 
 underneath. The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt." An 
 Eagle. (This latter device is borne to recall the Eagle 
 captured by the 44th [Essex] from the 62nd French 
 regiment at Salamanca. The French Eagle is now in 
 Chelsea Hospital). 
 
 The battle honours axe : Havannah ; Moro ; Badajoz ; Sala- 
 manca ; Peninsula ; Bladensburg ; Waterloo ; Ava ; Alma ; Inker- 
 man ; SeveLStopol ; Taku Forts ; Nile, 1884-85 ; South Africa, 
 1899-1902 ; Relief of Kimberley ; Paardeberg. 
 
 At the headquarters of this regiment is preserved a 
 small piece of soiled rag which the casual observer might 
 consider of small value. But it is the corner of an old 
 colour which possesses the following interesting history. 
 At Quatre Bras, a French Lancer gallantly charged at 
 the colours of the old 44th, and severely wounded Ensign 
 Christie, who carried one of them. The Frenchman then 
 endeavoured to seize the standard, but the brave Christie, 
 with a presence of mind almost unequalled, fimig himself 
 upon it. As the colours fluttered in the fall, the French- 
 man tore off a portion of the gay-coloured fabric with the 
 
 96 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 point of his lance, but he was not permitted to carry the 
 precious fragment far away, for he was shot. It is this 
 piece, which was carefully preserved, that now reposes 
 at Warley. 
 
 The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and 
 Derbyshire Regiment). — Facings, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 
 5th, and 6th battalions, white ; 7th (Eobin Hood) bat- 
 talion, black ; 8th battalion, green. 
 
 E.G.— The united Red and ^^'hite Eose. 
 
 The battle honours are : Louisburg ; Roli9a ; Vimiera ; Tala- 
 vera ; Busaco ; Fuentes d'Onor ; Ciudad Rodrigo ; Badajoz ; 
 Salamanca ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; 
 Peninsula ; Ava ; South Africa, 1846-7 ; Alma ; Inkerman ; 
 Sevastopol; Central India; Abyssinia; Egypt, 1882 ; Tirah; 
 South Africa, 1899- 1902. 
 
 The Loyal North Lancashire Regiment. — ^Facings, 
 white. 
 
 E.G.— The Eed Eose. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Louisburg ; Quebec. 1759 ; 
 Maida ; Corunna ; Tarifa ; Vittoria ; St. Sebastian ; Nive ; 
 Peninsula ; Ava ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; Ali Masjid ; 
 Afghanistan, 1878-79 ; South Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Defence of 
 Kimberley. 
 
 The Northamptonshire Regiment. — ^Facings, white. 
 
 E.G. — The Gastle and Key, superscribed " Gibraltar, 
 1779-83," with the motto, "Montis Insignia Galpe." 
 The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt." 
 
 The battle honours are : Louisburg ; Quebec, 1759 ; Martinique, 
 1762,1794; Havannah ; Mziida ; Douro ; Talavera ; Albuhera ; 
 Badajoz ; Salamanca ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Orthes ; 
 Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Sevastopol ; New Zealand ; South Africa, 
 1879 ; Tirah ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Modder River. 
 
 o 97 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Royal Berkshire 
 Regiment). — ^Facings, blue. 
 
 E.G. — The Dragon, superscribed " Cbina," below tlie 
 union wreath. 
 
 The battle honours are : St. Luda, 1778 ; Egmont-op-Zee ; 
 Copenhagen ; Douro ; Talavera ; Albuhera ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; 
 Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Peninsula ; Queenstown ; Alma ; Inker- 
 man ; Sevastopol ; Kandahar, 1880 ; Afghanistan, 1879-80 ; 
 Egypt, 1882 ; Suakin, 1885 ; Tofrek ; South Africa, 1899-1902. 
 
 An old set of colours belonging to the 2nd battalion 
 are exhibited in the Eoyal United Service Museum. 
 " They have a peculiar history attached to them. The 
 2nd battalion of this regiment, with the 2nd battalion 
 48th, the Buffs, and 31st, were in Colborne's brigade at 
 Albuhera, which was nearly destroyed. The loss of the 
 four battalions amounted to 1,413, of which the Berk- 
 shires reached 272, and so weak had they become that 
 it was found necessary to form them into provisional 
 battalions, when the 66th (Berkshire) and the 31st 
 were formed into a unit commanded by Colonel Leith, 
 of the 31st. It was necessary to supply the 66th with 
 new colours after the war. They duly arrived early in 
 1812, but were not taken into use because the colours of 
 the 31st, as the senior regiment, were carried by the 
 provisional battalion. They were, therefore, sent home, 
 and when the regiment arrived in England in the summer 
 of 1814, were sent to Plymouth to meet the battalion. 
 But they were lost, never reached their destination, and 
 it was necessary to make another set for the battalion. 
 Not long afterwards, they turned up again, but too late 
 
 98 
 
%R 
 
 ^iimiiiniittinnniiniiiiiiiiiiiiiinniinnnDiniiiiii'j 
 
 ^ 
 
 5 35 
 
 V 
 
 lii:: - - ■irnwMiiMiMilllK 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 |iiimiiiiimLiiiiuJ|jji!/i.ii]ii|iiii||iiK|i|i|i||iiiiiiiiU'R; 
 
 J^ 
 
 iSsJti;^ 
 
 Mir ' 
 
 r^s3!0*^fsff 
 
 33. East Yorkshire 
 Regiment 
 
 (4th Battalion) 
 
 34. Alexandra, 
 Princess of Wales's 
 
 Own [Yorkshire 
 Regiment] 
 
 (4th Battalion). 
 
 35. The Northum- 
 berland Fusiliers 
 (5th Battalion). 
 
 36. The London 
 I Regiment (7th [City 
 of London] 
 Battalion). 
 
 37. The Suffolk Re 
 giment (4th Bat- 
 talion). 
 
 38. T h e K i n g's 
 [Shropshire UkIU 
 Infantr>-] (4th Bat- 
 talion). 
 
 39. Honourable 
 
 .■\rtiller>- Company, 
 
 Infantry. 
 
 40. The London 
 Regiment, (Hlack- 
 ht-ath andWoolwich, 
 20th [County of 
 London] Battalion). 
 
 *9 
 
 38 
 
 ^ 
 
 XX 
 
 f^^l|||HHHil|H|||g 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 <!^Ba^Bk =1 
 
 
 M 1 
 
 iii<iiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiuuiiimiiititiiiiHiitiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiii:ll 
 
 39 
 
 Plate 5. Regimental Colours of the Territorial Force 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 to be taken into use. They came into the possession of 
 the commanding officer, and were presented to the 
 Eoyal United Service Museum."* 
 
 The Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment). 
 
 — ^Facings, blue. 
 
 E.G. — The motto, " Quo fas et gloria ducunt " (Where 
 duty and glory lead). The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt," 
 below the union wreath. 
 
 The battle honours are : Vimiera ; Corunna ; Almaraz ; Vit- 
 toria ; Pyrenees ; Nive ; Orthes ; Peninsula ; Punniar ; Moodkee ; 
 Ferozeshah ; Aliwal ; Sobraon ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; 
 Lucknow ; New Zealand ; Egypt, 1882 ; Nile, 1884-85 ; South 
 Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 Before 1881, the facings of the regiment were black, 
 but when, in this year, the force attained a royal 
 dignity, they became blue. New colours to suit the 
 change of hue were accordingly provided, and the old 
 ones burned with solemn reverence, the ashes being col- 
 lected and placed in a snuff box made from the wood of 
 the flag pole. 
 
 A brave array of the retired colours of this regiment are 
 to be seen in All Saints' Church, Maidstone. 
 
 The King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry). — 
 
 Facings, blue. 
 
 E.G.— The White Eose of the House of York. The 
 motto, " Cede nullis " (Yield to nothing). 
 
 The battle honours are : Minden ; Corunna ; Fuentes d'Onor ; 
 Salamanca ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Orthes ; Peninsula ; 
 Waterloo ; Pegu ; Ali Masjid ; Afghanistan, 1878-80 ; Burma, 
 1885-87 ; South Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Modder River. 
 
 * From the notice appearing with tlie exhibit at the Museum. 
 
 99 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 The King's (Shropshire Light Infantry). — ^Facings, 
 blue. 
 
 E.G. — The united Bed and WMte Eose, also the 
 motto, " Aucto splendore resurgo " (I arise with added 
 splendour). 
 
 The battle honours are : Nieuport ; Toumay ; St. Lucia, 1796 ; 
 Talavera ; Fuentes d'Onor ; Salamanca ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; 
 Nivelle ; Nive ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Bladensburg ; Aliwal ; 
 Sobraon ; Punjaub ; Goojerat ; Lucknow ; Afghanistan. 1879- 
 80; Eg3rpt, 1882; Suakin, 1885; South Africa, 1899-1902; 
 Paardeberg. 
 
 The colours of the 4th battalion are shown in Fig. 38. 
 
 The Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regi- 
 ment). — ^Facings, lemon yellow. 
 
 B.C. — The Plume of the Prince of Wales, derived from 
 the 2nd battalion, which was formerly the old 77th East 
 Middlesex. In each of the four corners, the late Duke 
 of Cambridge's cypher and coronet, as figured on the 
 colours of the old 57th West Middlesex. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Mysore ; Seringapatam ; 
 Albuhera ; Ciudad Rodrigo ; Badajoz ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; 
 Nivelle ; Nive ; Peninsula ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; 
 New Zealand ; South Africa, 1879 ; South Africa, 1900-02 ; 
 Rehef of Ladysmith. 
 
 The King's Royal Rifle Corps. — Eifle regiments do 
 not possess colours. 
 
 The Duke of Edinburgh's (Wiltshire Regiment). 
 
 — Facings, buff for the first three battalions, and black 
 for the 4th battalion. 
 
 E.G. — In each of the four comers, the late Duke of 
 Edinburgh's cypher and coronet. 
 
 100 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 The battle honours, on blue tablets, are : Louisburg ; Nive ; 
 Peninsula; Ferozeshah; Sobraon ; Sevastopol; Pekir, i860; 
 New Zealand ; South Africa, 1879 ; South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 Unfortunately, the " splash " which used to be worn 
 on the buttons of this regiment to commemorate the 
 action of the men in firing away buttons torn from their 
 tunics on an occasion when all the ammunition was 
 spent, is not immortahsed on the colours. 
 
 The Manchester Regiment— Facings, white, except 
 for the 6th battahon, which are yellow. 
 
 E.G. — The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt," placed 
 below the union wreath. 
 
 The battle honours are : Guadaloupe, 1759. 1810 ; Egmont-op- 
 Zee ; Martinique, 1809 ; Peninsula ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevasto- 
 pol ; New Zealand ; Afghanistan, 1879-80 ; Egypt, 1882 ; South 
 Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Defence of Ladysmith. 
 
 The Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire Regi- 
 ment). — Facings, white, except for the 6th battahon, 
 which are blue. 
 
 E.G. — The Prince of Wales's Plume. The Dragon, 
 superscribed " China," placed beneath the union wreath. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Guadaloupe, 1759 ; Martinique, 
 1794 ; St. Lucia, 1803 ; Surinam ; Punjaub ; Persia ; Reshire ; 
 Bushire ; Koosh-ab ; Lucknow ; Hafir ; South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 The regiment, with its colours, nearly suffered disaster 
 when on board the " Alert," which was wrecked off 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia. The men fell in on the lower 
 deck, and awaited their fate, but, almost by a miracle, 
 the vessel was brought into port and all were saved. 
 The Duke of Wellington paid a high comj^liment to this 
 gallant regiment, by decreeing that an account of the 
 
 101 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 disaster and its happy sequel should be read to all the 
 units of the Army. 
 
 The York and Lancaster Regiment. — ^Facings^, white. 
 
 E.G. — The Union Eose, in the central badge, the 
 Eoyal Tiger, superscribed " India," below the union 
 wreath. 
 
 The honorary disti actions, arranged upon the limbs of the St. 
 George's Cross, are : Guadaloupe, 1759 ; Martinique, 1794 ; 
 ladia, 1796-1819; Nive ; Peninsula; Arabia; Lucknow ; New 
 Zealand; Egypt, 1882, 1884; Tel-el- Kebir ; South Africa, 1899- 
 1902 ; Relief of Ladysmith. 
 
 The Durham Light Infantry. — ^Facings, dark green 
 for all battahons, except the 6th, which are scarlet. 
 
 E.G. — The united Eed and White Eose, in the central 
 circle. 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Salamanca ; Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; 
 Nivelle ; Orthes ; Peninsula ; Alma ; Inkerman ; Sevastopol ; 
 Persia ; Reshire ; Bushire ; Koosh-ab ; New Zealand ; South 
 Africa, 1 899-1902 ; ReUef of Ladysmith. This roll is particularly 
 strong in Indian honours, due to the fact that the 2nd battaUon 
 was raised by the East India Company under the name of the 
 2nd Bombay European Light Infantry. 
 
 The Highland Light Infantry. — ^Facings, buff for all 
 battalions, except the 9th, which are blue. 
 
 E.G. — The Elephant, superscribed "Assaye," placed 
 below the union wreath. The Gastle and Key, super- 
 scribed " Gibraltar, 1780-83," with the motto, " Montis 
 Insignia Galpe," underneath. 
 
 The numerous battle honours are : Camatic ; ShoUnghur ; 
 Mysore ; Hindoostan ; Seringapatam ; Cape of Good Hope, 
 1806; RoU9a ; Vimiera; Corunna; Busaco ; Fuentes d'Onor ; 
 Ciudad Rodrigo; Badajoz ; Almaraz ; Salamanca; Vittoria; 
 
 102 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Water- 
 loo; South Africa, 1851-2-3 ; Sevastopol; Central India; 
 Egypt, 1882 ; Tel-el-Kebir ; South Africa, 1899-1902 ; Modder 
 River. 
 
 " When the 71st (now the 1st Battalion Highland 
 Light . Infantry) left England for the Peninsula War, 
 Brigadier- General Pack ordered their Colours to be left 
 behind in the Tower of London, and the regiment accord- 
 ingly fought without any throughout the arduous Spanish 
 campaigns. Pack's reason for leaving the Colours behind 
 is not quite clear, but if he thought they would be safer 
 at home than on the field of battle he was woefully 
 mistaken. In 1814, soon after the close of the war in 
 question, the Prince Eegent entertained the Allied 
 Sovereigns to a grand dinner in Carlton House, and 
 among the table decorations on that occasion were the 
 Colours of the 71st, which were brought from the Tower 
 for the purpose. To debase such sacred emblems as 
 Colours to such a use was bad enough, but worse was to 
 follow, for after the banquet, the Colours disappeared, 
 and were never seen again. They may turn up yet ; 
 stranger things have happened. 
 
 " This was the stand which had been presented to 
 the regiment by General Floyd to replace that which had 
 been lost during the unfortunate expedition to Buenos 
 Ayres, when the 71st, after being reduced to a mere hand- 
 ful by the bullets of the Spaniards, were compelled to 
 surrender as prisoners of war. A piper's banner, which 
 was lost on the same occasion, has since been restored 
 to the regiment. 
 
 " The 71st took part in the ill-starred Walcheren 
 expedition, but they do not seem to have had their 
 
 103 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Colours with them on this occasion, for when they landed 
 and took possession of a flagstaff, a soldier's red jacket 
 was hoisted in lieu of a proper flag. 
 
 " In 1841 the Duke of WeUington did this regiment 
 the honour of presenting it with new Colours at Windsor, 
 the ceremony taking place in the presence of the Queen, 
 Prince Consort, and the King of Prussia. In 1857 Colours 
 were received from the hands of the Duke of Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 " The former 74th, now the 2nd Battalion Highland 
 Light Infantry, was one of the corps which was granted 
 a third Colour for bravery at Assaye. This banner — 
 which was white, bearing the elephant and ' LXXIV.' 
 within a wreath, and inscribed with the victories of Assaye 
 and Seringapatam — ^was referred to by an inspecting 
 officer in 1830 as ' a very honourable, but useless, 
 appendage, and takes one officer to carry it, who would be 
 much better with his company,' and the same year it 
 was ordered to be abandoned by the regiment, except on 
 gala days, reviews, etc."* 
 
 Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, the Duke 
 of Albany's). — Facings, buff, except for the 5th 
 (Sutherland and Caithness Highland Battalion), which 
 are yellow. 
 
 E.C. — In each of the four corners the late Duke of 
 York's cypher and coronet (i.e., Frederick, at one time 
 Duke of Albany). The motto, " Cuidich'n Eigh " (Help 
 the King), was given to the Mackenzie as a reward 
 for protecting Alexander II. when attacked by a wounded 
 stag. Also the Elephant, superscribed "Assaye." 
 
 * Ward Dell, " The Regiment," March 24, 1917. 
 
 104 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 The battle honours are : Camatic ; Mysore ; Hindoostan ; 
 Cape of Good Hope, 1806 ; Maida ; Java ; South Africa, 1835 ; 
 Sevastopol ; Persia ; Koosh-ab ; Lucknow ; Central India ; 
 Peiwar Kotal ; Charzisiah ; Kabul, 1879 ; Kandahar, 1880 ; 
 Afghanistan, 1878-80; Egypt, 1882; Tel-el-Kebir ; Chitral ; 
 Atbara ; Elhartoum ; South Africa, 1 899-1902 ; Paardeberg. 
 
 This regiment was awarded a third colour by the East 
 India Company for services at Assaye (see Highland 
 Light Infantry). It was made of white silk and bore the 
 word " Assaye " above a representation of an elephant, 
 the whole surrounded by a laurel wreath. The regimental 
 number figured prominently on this banner, which is 
 often called the " Elephant colour." The colour was 
 lost, and its history after about the year 1810 is 
 unknown. 
 
 The Gordon Highlanders. — ^Facings, yeUow. 
 
 R.C. — The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt " ; also the 
 Royal Tiger, superscribed " India." (One in each of the 
 lower comers.) 
 
 The many battle honours are : Mysore ; Seringapatam ; Eg- 
 mont-op-Zee ; Mandora ; Corunaa ; Fuentes d'Onor ; Almaraz ; 
 Vittoria ; Pyrenees ; Nive ; Orthes ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; 
 South Africa, 1835 ; Delhi, 1857; Lucknow; Charasiah ; Kabul, 
 1879 ; Kandahar, 1880 ; Afghanistan, 1878-80 ; Egypt, 1882, 
 1884; Tel-el-Kebir; Nile, 1884-85; Chitral; Tirah; South 
 Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Defence of Ladysmith ; Paardeberg, 
 
 " The Regiment," in its issue of October 28th, 1916, 
 gives the following interesting account of the Gordons' 
 colours : — 
 
 " One Colour of the original set presented to the 
 gallant 92nd on its formation in 1794 has disappeared, 
 but its companion, the regimental Colour, is not only 
 
 105 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 still in existence, but is even in a good state of preserva- 
 tion. 
 
 " This set went through the Holland campaign in 1799, 
 and there is good reason to suppose that the King's 
 Colour got very badly knocked about in the fighting on 
 that occasion. At any rate, when the union of Great 
 Britain and Ireland took place in 1801, it was replaced 
 by a new Colour, notwithstanding the small number of 
 years it had been in use. The regimental Colour, on the 
 other hand, was merely altered so as to bring it into line 
 with the new pattern as sealed by the authorities. The 
 original number of the regiment — 100 — had already, 
 in 1798, been changed to 92, and the fresh alterations 
 consisted chiefly of shanu*ock leaves, which were added 
 to the existing wreath of roses and thistles. 
 
 " The only active service which this very much adapted 
 set of Colours ever saw was in Egypt in the following 
 year. By their valour at Alexandria, Mandora, and other 
 fights, the Gordons won the right to bear the Sphinx on 
 their Colours, and the badge was placed on all four 
 corners of the regimental one — a very rare thing. 
 
 " In 1807 the Colours were retired, and reverted, as 
 usual, to the colonel of the regiment, the Duke of 
 Eichmond and Gordon, who placed them in his residence 
 of Gordon Castle. In order the better to preserve them, 
 they have since been enclosed in a glass case, and both 
 are in remarkably good condition. 
 
 " Their successors had a much more stirring career. 
 In 1807 they led the Gordons on at Copenhagen. Next 
 they accompanied them on their retreat to Corunna, 
 and at the battle itself, Colonel Alexander Napier fell 
 beneath their folds. When the regiment effected its 
 
 106 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 landing at Walcheren later on in tlie same year we read 
 that the Colours were carried uncased and upright in 
 the centre boat of the flotilla. 
 
 " Not long afterwards they were sent back to the 
 Peninsula, and the Colours were carried throughout the 
 war from Fuentes d'Onor onwards. At Maya, one of 
 the battles of the Pyrenees, the Colours fell to the ground 
 time after time, every officer but two being either killed 
 or wounded, and carried from the field. At St. Pierre 
 the Gordons again advanced with Colours flying and pipes 
 skirling, and drove the enemy from his positions. 
 
 " The last battle in which they were carried was 
 Waterloo." 
 
 The Queen*8 Own Cameron Highlanders. — ^Facings, 
 blue. 
 
 E.C. — The Thistle ensigned with the imperial crown. 
 The Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt." 
 
 The honorary distinctions are : Egmont-op-Zee ; Corunna ; 
 Busaco ; Fuentes d'Onor ; Salamanca ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; 
 Nive ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Waterloo ; Alma ; Sevastopol ; 
 Lucknow; Egypt, 1882 ; Tel-el- Kebir ; Nile, 1884-85; Atbara ; 
 Khartoum ; South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 The Royal Irish Rifles. — Bifle regiments do not 
 possess colours. 
 
 Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers). — Facings, 
 blue. 
 
 The Princess Victoria, who gave her name to this 
 regiment, was afterwards Queen Victoria. 
 
 E.C. — The Plume of the Prince of Wales. In^the first 
 and fourth corners. Princess Victoria's coronet ; in the 
 second, an Eagle, with a wreath of laurel (to commemorate 
 
 107 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 the one captured from the French at Barrosa) ; in the 
 third, the Harp and Crown ; the Sphinx, superscribed 
 " Egypt." The motto, " Faugh-a-Ballagh." (Clear the 
 way.) 
 
 The battle honours are : Monte Video ; Talavera ; Barrosa ; 
 Tarifa ; Java ; Vittoria ; Nivelle ; Niagara ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; 
 Peninsula; Ava ; Sevastopol; Egypt, 1 882-1 884 ; Tel-el-Kebir ; 
 South Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Relief of Lady smith. 
 
 The Connaught Rangers. — ^Facings, green. 
 
 B.C. — The Harp and Crown, with the motto, " Quis 
 separabit " (Who shall separate?) The Elephant, the 
 Sphinx, superscribed " Egypt." 
 
 The battle honours are : Seringapatam ; Talavera ; Busaco ; 
 Fuentes d'Onor ; Ciudad Rodrigo ; Badajoz ; Salamanca ; Vit- 
 toria ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; Peninsula ; Alma ; 
 Inkerman ; Sevastopol; Central India; South Africa, 1877-8-9; 
 South Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Rehef of Ladysmith. 
 
 Princess Louise's (Argyll and Sutherland High- 
 landers). — ^Facings, yellow. 
 
 B.C. — ^A Boar's Head, with the motto, "Ne oblivi- 
 scaris " (Do not forget), within a wreath of myrtle. A 
 Cat with the motto, " Sans Peur " (Without fear), 
 within a wreath of broom. Over all, the label as re- 
 presented in the arms of the Princess Louise, and sur- 
 mounted with Her Eoyal Highness's coronet. In each 
 of the four corners. Princess Louise's cypher and coronet. 
 
 This description seems somewhat involved, but the 
 flag itself in no wise furthers this idea. The badge, which 
 is placed in the centre of the flag, consists of a boar's 
 head, to represent the house of Campbell, and a cat, 
 seated, to represent the house of Sutherland. The label, 
 
 108 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 spoken of above, is merely a white bar, having three 
 points projecting from it, downwards, one at each end 
 and one in the middle. This bar is a sign of royalty, 
 which figures in most of the royal arms. 
 
 The battle hoQours are : Cape of Good Hope, 1806 ; Rolija ; 
 Vimieia ; Corunna ; Pyrenees ; Nivelle ; Nive ; Orthes ; Toulouse ; 
 Peninsula ; Alma ; Balaklava ; Sevastopol ; Lucknow ; South 
 Alrica, 1846-7, 1 85 1 -2-3, 1879 ; South Africa, 1899- 1902 ; Modder 
 River ; Paardeberg. No other infamtry regiment bears an honour 
 for Balaklava. 
 
 Two old colom's of this regiment are worth mentioning ; 
 one was bm-nt while reposing in Inverary Castle, where 
 it had been placed by the Duke of Argyll ; the other 
 was used to enshroud the body, before burial, of a 
 lieutenant who was killed at New Orleans. 
 
 The Prince of Walc8*8 Leinster Regiment (Royal 
 Canadians). — ^Facings, blue. 
 
 E.G. — The Plume of the Prince of Wales, as the central 
 badge. In each of the four corners, a maple leaf. 
 
 The battle honours are : Niagara ; Central India ; South Africa, 
 1900-02. They are arranged one on each side and one below the 
 union wreath. 
 
 The first battalion of this regiment is of Canadian 
 origin, whilst the 2nd battalion was raised in India. 
 At a time when such valuable assistance has been proffered 
 to the Empire by the Colonies, it is pleasant to recall 
 that the Eoyal Canadians were the very first unit ever 
 to come to the assistance of the Motherland ; this it 
 did during the Indian Mutiny. 
 
 A King's colour of the 2nd battalion is exhibited in 
 the Eoyal United Service Museum. " It forms one of 
 
 109 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 a pair which was presented to the regiment at Aden on 
 the 23rd January, 1866, by Mrs. Eaines, wife of General 
 Eaines, C.B., who commanded the garrison. They were 
 the first colours presented to the regiment as a British 
 regiment, it having been before that time the Third 
 Bombay European Eegiment. The colours were used 
 until 2nd April, 1906, when they were replaced by a 
 new pair at Mauritius, the presentation being made by 
 the Governor of the Island."* 
 
 The Royal Munster Fusiliers. — Facings, blue. 
 
 E.G. — ^A Shamrock. The Eoyal Tiger. (These two 
 devices are placed in the two lower corners of the 
 colours.) 
 
 The honorary distiactions are : Plassey ; Condore ; MasuU- 
 patam ; Badara ; Buxar ; Rohilcund, 1774 a'ld 1794 ; Camatic ; 
 ShoUnghur ; Guzerat ; Deig ; Bhurtpore ; Afighaaistan, 1839 ; 
 Ghuznee, 1839 ; Ferozeshah ; Sobraoa ; Punjaub ; Cnillianwallah ; 
 Goojerat; Pegu; Delhi, 1857; Lucknow ; Burma, 1885-87; 
 South Africa, 1899- 1902. 
 
 The Royal Dublin Fusiliers. — ^Facings, blue. 
 
 E.G. — The Eoyal Tiger, superscribed " Plassey " and 
 " Buxar," with the motto, " Spectamur agendo " (We 
 are judged by our deeds). The Elephant, superscribed 
 " Garnatic " and " Mysore." The tiger figures in the 
 right-hand lower corner ; the elephant in the left-hand 
 lower corner. 
 
 The battle honours are : Arcot ; GDndore ; Wandiwash ; ShoHng- 
 hur ; Nundy Droog ; Amboyna ; Temate ; Banda ; Pondicherry ; 
 Maheidpoor ; Guzerat ; Seringapatam ; Kirkee ; Beni Boo Alh ; 
 Aden ; Punjaub ; Mooltan ; Goojerat ; Ava ; Pegu ; Lucknow ; 
 South Africa 1899-1902 ; ReUef of Ladysmith. 
 
 * Description placed with the exhibit. 
 
 110 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 The Rifle Brigade (the Prince Consort's Own). — 
 
 Eifle regiments do not possess colours. 
 
 The London Regiment— 
 
 1st {City of London) Batt. The London Begt. {Royal 
 Fusiliers). 
 Facings, blue. E.G. — The arms of tlie City of London. 
 In each of the four comers the united Eed and White 
 Eose, ensigned with the imperial crown, within the 
 garter, B.H.*— South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 2nd {City of London) Batt. The London Begt. {Boyal 
 Fusiliers). 
 Facings, E.G. and B.H., as for 1st batt. 
 
 3rd {City of London) Batt. The London Begt. {Boyal 
 Fusiliers). 
 Facings, E.G. and B.H., as for Ist batt. 
 
 4:th {City of London) Batt. The London Begt. {Boyal 
 Fusiliers). 
 Facings and E.G. as for 1st batt. B.H., South Africa, 
 1900. 
 
 5th {City of London) Batt. The London Begt. {London 
 Bifie Brigade). 
 [A rifle battahon.] 
 
 6th {City of London) Batt. The London Begt. Bifles. 
 [A rifle battalion.] 
 
 7th {City of London) Batt. The London Begt. 
 
 Facings, buff. E.G. — ^A representation of St. Paul's 
 Cathedral. B.H.— South Africa, 1900-02. (Fig. 36.) 
 
 * i.e., Battle Honours. 
 Ill 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 8th {City of London) Batt. The London Regt. {Post Office 
 Bifles). 
 [A rifle battalion.] 
 
 9th {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {Queen 
 Victorians Rifles). 
 [A rifle battalion.] 
 
 10th {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. 
 Facings, white. The Paddington Eifles are disbanded. 
 
 11th {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {Finsbury 
 Rifles). 
 [A rifle battalion.] 
 
 12th {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {The 
 Rangers). 
 Facings, scarlet. No badge. B.H. — South Africa, 
 1900-02. 
 
 Idth {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {Ken- 
 sington). 
 Facings, scarlet. E.G. — The arms of Kensington. 
 B.H.— South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 lHh {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {The 
 London Scottish). 
 Facings, blue. E.G. — In front of a circle inscribed with 
 the motto, " Strike sure," St. Andrew's Cross, surmounted 
 by a lion rampant. B.H. — South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 15th {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {Prince 
 of Wales^s Own. Civil Service Rifles). 
 [A rifle battalion.] 
 
 IQth {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {Queen' 9 
 Westminster Rifles). 
 [A rifle battalion.] 
 
 112 
 
THE COLOURS OF THE INFANTRY 
 
 17th, {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {Poplar 
 and Stepney Rifles). 
 [A rifle battalion.] 
 
 ISth {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {London 
 Irish Rifles). 
 [A rifle battalion.] 
 
 19^^ {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {8t. 
 Pancras). 
 Facings, green. E.G. — The figure of St. Pancras. 
 B.H.— South Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 20th {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {Black- 
 heath and Woolwich). 
 Facings, black. No badge. B.H. — South Africa, 
 1900-02. (Fig. 40). 
 
 21st {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {First 
 Surrey Rifles). 
 [A rifle battalion.] 
 
 22nd {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {The 
 Queen^s). 
 Facings, blue. E.G. — The Paschal Lamb. 
 
 23rd {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. 
 
 Facings, white. E.G. — ^An annulet ensigned with a 
 cross pat^ and interlaced with a saltire conjoined in 
 base. Motto, " Loyalty unites us." B.H. — South 
 Africa, 1900-02. 
 
 2Ath {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. {The 
 Queen^s). 
 
 As for the 22nd battalion. 
 25th {County of London) Batt. The London Regt. 
 
 This is a cyclist battaUon. 
 
 113 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 26th and 27th do not appear in the Army List. 
 
 28th {County of London) Bolt, The London Regt. (Artists^ 
 Rifles). 
 No colours as a rifle battalion. 
 
 !N"OTE. — ^For reasons which every reader will appreciate 
 the Army Authorities have ceased to make public the 
 changes which the war has entailed in the numbering 
 of battalions. On this account we have deemed it 
 advisable to follow the regimental records as published 
 in the Spring of 1914. 
 
 114 
 
CHAPTEE VII 
 
 COLOUBS OF OTJE OVERSEAS DOMINIONS. 
 
 It is unnecessary here to speak of the splendid work 
 performed by the overseas regiments in combating the 
 war lust of the Central European Powers, for the fame 
 of these gallant bodies of men is now world-wide. Many 
 of the uuits of our far-flung Empire which in 1914 were 
 unborn or unknown in the Mother Country are as house- 
 hold words to us now, and we reckon them as much a 
 part of the British Army as we do the Buffs or the Black 
 Watch. Thus it is imperative in a work of this nature 
 to write of the colours of our overseas as well as our 
 home regiments. 
 
 The Army of the Indian Empire, many units of which 
 came into such prominence in the early part of the 
 War, possesses a very fine array of regimental flags. In 
 the main these emblems follow the rules as we have 
 given them when dealing with the home forces. Each 
 regimental colour, for instance, bears a central crimson 
 badge bearing an appropriate device, nimiber or title, 
 and the whole is surmoimted by the usual imperial 
 crown. Surrounding this is the regulation union wreath 
 composed of roses, thistles and shamrocks, whUst honorary 
 distinctions are arranged upon a circular laurel wreath, 
 or, when few in number, on either side of the union 
 
 115 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 sprays. The ground colour of these flags is controlled 
 by the regimental facings in exactly the same way as 
 they are at home. Also, it may be said that the King's 
 colours are Union flags, each with a central crimson 
 badge. 
 
 Most of the regimental flags bear no distinctive device 
 but a few display a motto. The following possess one 
 or other of these features : 
 
 2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry. 
 
 — Facings, blue. The Eoyal and Imperial Cypher of 
 Queen Victoria within the Garter as central badge. 
 Fourteen battle honours are given upon an outer laurel 
 wreath. 
 
 7th Duke of Connaught's Own Rajputs. — ^Facings, 
 yellow. The Duke of Connaught's Crest and Cypher. 
 Eight battle honours. 
 
 12th Pioneers (the Kelat-i-Ghilzie Regiment). — 
 
 This unit carries a special regimental colour, the 
 groundwork of which is red, yellow and blue in three 
 horizontal bars. A mural crown superscribed " Invicta," 
 and the names of eight battle honours appear on this 
 flag. (Fig. 43). 
 
 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs. — 
 
 Faciugs, yellow. The Plume of the Prince of Wales 
 appears in the central badge and the Eoyal and Imperial 
 Cypher is given in each of the four corners. There 
 are five battle honours. 
 
 16th Rajputs (the Lucknow Regiment). — Facings, 
 white. There are three battle honours, of which one, 
 " Lucknow," is placed above a turretted gateway. 
 
 116 
 
" \ -J^^^P^^ppS'??'*^*'-' :.;■ ■•.'/*'■■ 
 
 '-m 
 
 <^ w 1 .1 > t K I ' . U< M 1)1- I M K i S I H M K 1 1 ' 
 
COLOURS OF OVERSEAS DOMINIONS 
 
 32nd Sikh Pioneers. — ^Facings, blue. No device on 
 the central badge, but the motto " Aut vivam inveniam 
 aut faciam," on a scroll beneath the union wreath. Four 
 battle honours are given. 
 
 6l8t King George's Own Pioneers. — Facings, white. 
 The Plume of the Prince of Wales in the centre and the 
 Eoyal and Imperial Cypher in each of the four corners. 
 Eleven battle honours appear. 
 
 62nd Punjabis. — Facings, emerald green. An 
 elephant, a golden dragon wearing an Imperial Crown 
 and five battle honours appear on these colours. 
 (Fig. 44). 
 
 63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry.— Facings, emerald 
 green. These colours bear no special device, but carry 
 the motto " Now or Never," and seven honorary 
 distinctions. 
 
 64th Pioneers. — ^Facings, white. The central badge 
 bears a numeral, but the elephant of India is given below 
 the union wreath. Five distinctions appear. 
 
 66th Punjabis. — Facings, emerald green. A golden 
 dragon, wearing an Imperial Crown, and six battle honours 
 are depicted on these colours. 
 
 69th Punjabis. — Facings, emerald green. A galley 
 with the motto, in Persian characters, signifying "By 
 Sea and Land," and five honours ornament these 
 colours. 
 
 74th Punjabis. — Facings, emerald green. On this 
 flag appears a. dragon with the motto, in Persian, " Eeady 
 and True," and six battle honours. 
 
 117 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 83rd Wallajahbad Light Infantry. — Facings, emerald 
 green. The motto " Now or Never," and three battle 
 honours are the distinctive features of these colours. 
 
 84th Punjabis. — On an emerald green flag, the 
 elephant of India and three battle honours appear. 
 
 9l8t Punjabis. — The motto " Now or Never," and 
 two honours are given on a cherry coloured flag. 
 
 101 St Grenadiers. — Facings, white. The White Horse 
 appears in the central circle and two honours are given 
 on the three lowest limbs of the St. George's Cross. 
 
 102nd King Edward's Own Grenadiers. — ^Facings, 
 white. The Plume of the Prince of Wales, the Sphinx, 
 the Eoyal and Imperial Cypher of King Edward VII., 
 and four battle honours are the special features of this 
 flag. 
 
 113th Infantry. — Facings, yellow. The Sphinx 
 appears below the central badge. Five honours are 
 mentioned. 
 
 121 St Pioneers. — Crossed axes and seven honorary 
 distinctions are given on a white flag bearing the red 
 St. George's Cross. 
 
 127th Queen Mary's Own Baluch Light Infantry. 
 
 — Facings, scarlet. In each of the four corners of these 
 colours appears the Cypher of Her Majesty the Queen. 
 Five battle honours. 
 
 128th Pioneers. — Facings, white. The motto, 
 " Progredior," and six honours are the special features 
 of this flag. 
 
 118 
 
COLOURS OF OVERSEAS DOMINIONS 
 
 The Ceuiadian Military Colours are also planned 
 on the lines set down for those of the Mother Country. 
 The King's colours are Union flags with central badges 
 and the regimental colours depend for their hue upon 
 the facings of the uniforms. The union wreaths, however, 
 are not always of the strict standard pattern, though 
 they vary but slightly ; also, Arabic numerals are often 
 used instead of Eoman numerals to give the regimental 
 number. In a few cases, a complete departure has been 
 made from the regulation pattern in the case of certain 
 regimental colours. Instead of the union wreath, a 
 large and beautiful maple leaf is spread across the flag, 
 and placed upon it centrally is a badge bearing the usual 
 particulars. 
 
 [Further details of the Canadian military colours are 
 given in an appendix at the end of this book.] 
 
 Unfortunately, there are no colours to record of the 
 Australian Imperial Force, as none of the units 
 are in possession of these emblems. 
 
 The West India Regiment is placed in the Army 
 List almost following on the London Eegiment (Terri- 
 torial Force). The facings are white and, consequently, 
 the regimental colours are white with the red cross of 
 St. George. The design follows the standard pattern 
 of the home infantry, and the battle honours, which 
 testify to splendid services in various parts of the world, 
 are : Dominica ; Martinique, 1809 ; Guadaloupe, 1810 ; 
 Ashantee ; West Africa, 1887, 1892-3-4 ; Sierra Leone, 
 1898. The Dominica and Sierra Leone honours refer 
 to the French attack between 1778 and 1805. (Fig. 47). 
 
 119 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 The King's Own Malta Regiment of Militia. — 
 
 This regiment possesses a Ejng's colour of usual type, 
 and a regimental colour of blue material, with a central 
 badge bearing the Eoyal Cypher, surrounded by the 
 standard union wreath and surmounted by the imperial 
 crown. A Maltese Cross is placed in each of the four 
 corners. A battle honour, " MDCCC," refers to the 
 French surrender of the island to the British on 
 September 5th, 1800. 
 
 120 
 
CHAPTEE VIII 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS COLOURS 
 
 Many interesting colours do not permit of classification 
 in any of the foregoing groups and must be described 
 in the present chapter. The order of Army sequence 
 cannot, of course, be preserved in their case. 
 
 The Honourable Artillery Company, which figures 
 in the Army List directly after the Eoyal Garrison 
 Artillery and immediately before the Eoyal Artillery 
 (Territorial Force), is probably one of the most interesting 
 units of the Army. It was first formed " about the year 
 1807, in the reign of Wihiam II., as a society of armed 
 citizens for the protection of the goods of merchants, 
 which were frequently commandeered by persons who 
 had no respect for the property of others. The date of 
 the incorporation of the Company is, however, 1537, 
 when a Eoyal Charter was granted by Henry VIII., 
 under the title of the Guild of Fraternity of St. George. 
 This Charter gave power to the members to elect others 
 to serve in the ranks, and to appoint masters or officers ; 
 to use a common seal ; to make laws for the rule of the 
 Fraternity ; granted license to use and shoot with long- 
 bows, cross-bows, and hand-guns throughout the realm, 
 LQcluding Calais ; gave power to license all guilds of a 
 
 » 121 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 like nature throughout the Kingdom ; and ordained that 
 the masters or rulers should be exempt from being em- 
 panelled on any quest or jury throughout the realm."* 
 The regimental colour of the H.A.C. is shown in Fig. 39, 
 and, it is interesting to add, two retired flags may be 
 seen in St. Botolph Church, Bishopsgate. 
 
 The Royal Marine Light Infantry has a very 
 fine blue regimental colour. The Globe forms the central 
 badge, and this is surrounded by a green laurel wreath 
 with the imperial crown above. Placed between the 
 crown and the Globe is an anchor ornamented with the 
 Eoyal Cypher. In the dexter canton is a small Union 
 flag, whilst the Eoyal Cypher figures in the remaining 
 three. The motto, " Per Mare, Per Terram," which 
 testifies to the world-wide influence of this fighting force, 
 and the battle honour, " Gibraltar," figure on two 
 golden scrolls. The honour is also inscribed on the King's 
 colour. (Fig. 45). 
 
 The Royal Militia of the Island of Jersey has an 
 
 artillery section and three battalions of Ught infantry. 
 The latter have colom'S, the 1st and 3rd battalions 
 of which are identical except for the necessary 
 difference of wording. In both cases the material 
 is blue and the central badge consists of the three hons 
 of England. The union wreath and the imperial crown 
 appear as on the home infantry colours. The battle 
 honour, "Jersey, 1781," refers to the French attack 
 organised by Baron de Eullecour, and successfully met 
 by this regiment under the command of Major Pierson. 
 A small Union flag is shown in the dexter canton. 
 
 * Ralph Nevill. British MiUtary Prints. 
 
 122 
 
41. Guidon of the 
 Kssex Yeomanrv 
 
 42. Guidon of the 
 
 2nd County of Lon- 
 
 d o n Yeomanry 
 
 (Westminster 
 
 Dragoons). 
 
 43. Special Regi- 
 mental Colour of the 
 1 2th Pioneers (The 
 Kelat-i-Ghilzic Regi- 
 ment), Indian Amiv. 
 
 44. Regimental 
 
 Colour of the 62nd 
 
 Punjabis, India 1 
 
 A rm V . 
 
 45. Colour of tbe 
 
 Royal Marine Light 
 
 Infantry 
 
 46. King's C'jJour 
 of the Royal Guern- 
 sey Militia (2nd 
 Battalion) 
 
 47. Regimental 
 
 Colour of the West 
 
 India Regiment 
 
 (2nd Battalion). 
 
 . BitiHeivffiHiiiiiaaraHUiHiuiiuHuuiniuiiura 
 
 48. Colour rf the 
 thix' if Roy.al Militaiy Col 
 
 Ji^^ I? lege. Sandhurst. 
 
 Iihlnim'".!l!illlife 
 
 Plate 6. Miscellaneous Guidons and Colours 
 
MISCELLANEOUS COLOURS 
 
 The colour of the second battahon varies but slightly 
 from the others. The badge is a shield and not circular, 
 a horn with the figure " 2 " is placed above the badge, 
 and the union wreath is not of the standard pattern. 
 The King's colours in each case follow the usual type. 
 
 The Royal Militia of Guernsey possesses an artillery 
 unit and two battaUons of light infantry. Each of 
 these latter has a blue regimental colour, bearing the 
 three hons of England, with a sprig above, for the central 
 badge and a laurel instead of the union wreath. There 
 is no union flag on the regimental colour but the King's 
 colour reveals it according to rule. (Fig, 46). 
 
 Royal Military College, Sandhurst. — This school 
 possesses a King's colour of the usual infantry type 
 and a blue colour of the regimental type. The central 
 badge of both is the Eoyal Cypher. The latter reveals 
 it surrounded by the union wreath and surmounted 
 by the imperial crown. The Motto " Vires acquirit 
 eundo," appear on a gilt scroll. (Fig. 48). 
 
 In all the above cases, the lion and crown surmount 
 the pole, and fringe, tassels, and cords follow the type 
 used for the regular infantry. 
 
 123 
 
CHAPTEE IX 
 
 BATTLE HONOURS 
 
 Battle honours, or honorary distinctions as they are 
 officially termed, form so important a part of the embel- 
 lishments of regimental colom's that it is necessary 
 before concluding to give some short account of them. 
 The reader must not expect in the following pages 
 to find a complete history of every event, for such 
 would fill many volumes ; aU that is aimed at is to give 
 a few salient facts, such as will recall to mind the stirring 
 deeds for which the battle honours stand. 
 
 In previous chapters we have given the honours 
 accorded to each regiment, but it may be well to poiat 
 out that some regiments possess honours which do not 
 figure on their colours. Also, we may add, some batta- 
 lions fly colours with honours not really won by them. 
 This happens where two regiments have been amalga- 
 mated. In such cases, the unit which becomes the 
 second battalion gives its distinctions to the first battalion 
 and vice-versa. It is thus clear that regiments which 
 are composed of two old regiments may have their 
 honour rolls considerably lengthened by the process of 
 amalgamation. For this reason, it is not always a fail' 
 test to judge the glory of a regiment by the number of 
 distinctions which it owns. On this and other accounts, 
 
 124 
 
BATTLE HONOURS 
 
 we have carefully refrained from giving a list of the 
 various Army units ranged in order as indicated by 
 their honours. All that we shall say on this matter is 
 that the King's Eoyal Eifle Corps, were we to compile 
 such a list, would take first place and, unfortunately, 
 it has no colours on which to display its fine prowess. 
 
 Abu Klea. — Battle fought on January 17th, 1885, by a small 
 British army during the unsuccessful endeavour to reach Gordon 
 in Khartoum. Colonel Bumaby was killed, and the British 
 square broken but reformed and the Mahdi's tribesmen were 
 beaten off. 
 
 Abyssinia. — This expedition was directed against Theodore, 
 the Negus of Abyssima, who seized the British subjects resident 
 in his territory, because the English had refused to share in his 
 quarrels with the Egyptians. 
 
 Aden. — Captured from the Arabians in 1839 by the British. 
 
 Afghanistan, 1839. — An expedition to place the ex-king 
 Shah-Soojah, on the Afghan throne ; led by Sir John Keane. 
 
 Afghanistan, 1878-80. — To avenge the murder of Sir L. 
 Cavagnari, and to secure the passes overlooking the valley 
 of the Punjab from being perpetually harassed. Lord Roberts, 
 V.C, advanced on Cabul and fought a number of successful 
 engagements. 
 
 Ahmad Khel. — During Sir D. Stewart's march from Kandahar 
 to Ghuznee and then on to join Lord Roberts, he encountered 
 a force of Ghazis at Ahmad Khel and secured a victory over 
 them. 
 
 Albuhera. — Probably the hardest fought battle of the Penin- 
 sular War. Marshal Bereslord attempted to prevent Soult from 
 advancing to the relief of besieged Badajoz. The Middlesex 
 Regiment here earned its name of the " Diehards " and a des- 
 perate charge of the Royal Fusiliers turned the day, and " fifteen 
 hundred unwounded men, the remnant of six thousand unconquer- 
 able British soldiers, stood triumphant oa the fatal field." 
 (Napier). 
 
 125 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Ali Masjid.— A fort attacked by a column under Geaeral Sir 
 S. Browne, at the opeoing ot the Afghan War, 1878. 
 Aliwal.— One of the battles of the first Sikh War. 
 Ally Ghur.— The first engagement in the Mahratta War. 
 (September 4th, 1803). 
 
 Alma.— The first battle of the Crimean War. Here the 
 British and French landed and successfully stormed the heights. 
 R. Gibb's famous picture, " Forward 42nd," refers to this 
 battle. 
 
 Almaraz.— A defeat for the Enghsh in Spain by Louis XIV. 
 during the War of the Spanish Succession. 
 
 Amboyna.— An island in the Moluccas, where disputes with the 
 native and Enghsh traders has led to a series of unfortunate 
 differences with Holland, to whom it belongs. 
 
 Arcot.— A fort in the Camatic held by Chve. By making 
 it a stronghold he was able to draw Dupleix from the hard pressed 
 garrison in Trinchinopoly, and thus reheve, in a measure, its 
 vicissitudes. 
 
 Arroyo dos Molinos.— One of the lesser engagements in the 
 Peninsular War, in which the Border Regiment outflanked a 
 French regiment and took prisoners the men of a whole 
 battalion. 
 
 Ashantee, 1873-4.— The Dutch gave to the British all their 
 rights in this country in exchange for territory in Sumatra. 
 The native king raised certain objections and also treated British 
 missionaries in a cruel manner. Human sacrifices were among 
 his abominable practices. When the British Government 
 demanded that he should rule decently, he declared war. 
 
 Atbara.— A prelude to the Battle of Omdurman, fought against 
 the Dervishes on Good Friday, 1898. 
 
 Ava.— Near this town the last fighting in the first Burmese 
 War took place. (February, 1826). 
 
 Badajoz.— A strong fortress in Spain taken by us from the 
 French, by assault, during the Peninsular War, 1812. 
 
 Badara.— A British victory which terminated Dutch influence 
 in India. 
 
 126 
 
BATTLE HONOURS 
 
 Balaklava. — (October 26tli, 1854). A battle in the Crimean 
 War resulting from MentschikofE's attempt to get to the coast 
 and so cut ofi the British from their base. Noted for the stand 
 of the " thin red line," i.e., 93rd Argyll aad Sutherland High- 
 landers, and the desperate charges of the " Heavy and Light " 
 Brigades of Cavalry. 
 
 Banda. — Islainds in the Malay Archipelago which have been 
 twice taken from the Dutch and twice restored to them. 
 
 Barrosa. — (March 5th, i8ii). A battle in the Peninsular 
 War in which we suffered serious losses owing to the incapacity 
 of the Spanish general. La Pena. His army looked on while 
 4,000 British defeated 9,000 French. 
 
 Beaumont. — Battle fought near Cambrai and Le Cateau, 
 during the campaign of 1794. A dense fog enabled our troops 
 to surprise the French with a resulting gain for us. 
 
 Bhurtpore. — A very powerful fortress in Rajputana. General 
 Lake had failed to capture it in 1805 and it was considered by 
 the Indians to be impregnable. The British had guaranteed 
 the throne to the rightful heir, but his uncle usurped it, and 
 war followed. It was brilUantly taken by assault in 1826 and 
 its capture did much to establish our reputation in India. 
 
 Bladensburg. — An action in the great American War which 
 took place on August 24th, 1814. 
 
 Blenheim. — (August 13th, 1704). One of the greatest of 
 Britain's victories ; fought by Marlborough to prevent the 
 capture of Vienna by the Marshals of the French King, Louis 
 XIV., and the Bavarians. 
 
 Bourbon. — A French island, near Mauritius, taken by the 
 British during the Peninsular War in order that our shipping 
 might be protected from enemy raiding vessels which issued 
 from the island harbours. 
 
 Burma, 1885-87. — A war occasioned by the treatment with 
 which the native King Theebaw harassed British traders, 
 
 Busaco. — (September 27th, 1810). A battle fought just prior 
 to Welhngton's withdrawal to the Unes of Torres Vedras, 
 
 Bushire. — One of the battles of the Persian War, 1856-7. 
 
 127 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Buxar.— The army of Oude was defeated by Munro here on 
 October 23rd, 1764. 
 
 Cabool, 1842.— Town in Afghanistan entered by General 
 Pollock after he had defeated Mahomed Akbar Khan. 
 
 Candahar, 1842.— The stronghold of General Nott during 
 the Afghan War. He advanced from this town to assist General 
 Pollock and found him m Cabul, where the British flag was flying 
 victoriously. 
 
 Canton.— Bogue Forts surrendered to Sir Hugh Gough in the 
 first China War. 1841. Bombarded in 1857 after the " Arrow " 
 incident. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope, 1806.— Date of British occupation; 
 formerly in possession of the Dutch. 
 
 Carnatic- Hyder AU invaded this southern portion of Hindo- 
 stao with 80,000 troops in 1780, and was thrown back by Sir 
 Eyre Coote m the following year, but completely defeated in 
 1782. Tippoo Sahib overran this district in 1790, but with 
 httle success to his credit. 
 
 Central India.— Refers to the fighting, under Lord Straithnaim, 
 which took place during the first six months of 1858, following 
 on the Indian Mutiny. [Statue in Knightsbridge bears on this 
 campaign.] 
 
 Charasiah.— Lord Roberts met the Afghans here and routed 
 them, 1879, after an outrage had been committed on British 
 plenipotentiaries in Cabul. 
 
 Chillianwallah.— A bloody encounter of the second Punjab 
 War (January 13th, 1849), in which the 24th Regiment (South 
 Wales Borderers) lost heavily. 
 
 Chitral.— Sir George Robertson's campaign against Umra 
 Khan and Amir-ul-Mulk, when the latter murdered his brother, 
 whom the British considered to be the rightful ruler. 
 
 Ciudad Rodrigo.— A siege of the Peninsular War, January, 
 1812. 
 
 Condore. — An Indian engagement in which the British, under 
 Ford, met the French, under Conflans. By misleading the 
 French, Ford was able to entice them to charge aad then 
 
 128 
 
BATTLE HONOURS 
 
 brought into action a regiment of British soldiers which had 
 been hidden in a field of Indian corn. The result was a victory 
 for the British. 
 
 Copenhagen. — The occasion when Nelson placed a telescope 
 to his glass eye and claimed that he could not see Sir Hyde 
 Parker's signal to cease the action. (April 2nd, 1801). 
 
 Corunna. — Here, after Sir John Moore's masterly retreat, 
 was fought the battle which permitted the British to embark 
 in safety. Moore was killed in this Peninsular battle. 
 
 Defence of Kimberley. — A siege of the Boer War lasting 123 
 days. The town was reheved by Lord French on February 
 15th, 1900. 
 
 Defence of Ladysmith. — A siege of the Boer War, lasting 121 
 days. The town was reUeved by Sir Redvers BuUer on February 
 28th, 1900. 
 
 Deig. — A battle of the Mahratta War, 1804. 
 
 Delhi, 18 17. — The stronghold of the rebels during the Indian 
 Mutiny ; besieged and stormed against desperate odds by Sir 
 John Nicholson's troops. 
 
 Detroit. — In 1812, an American army crossed into Upper 
 Canada, but met a force under Major-General Brock which 
 necessitated its retirement to Fort Detroit. Brock invested 
 the fort and demanded its surrender, which ensued on 
 August 1 6th. 
 
 Dettingen. — One of the battles of the War of the Austrian 
 Succession. (June 27th, 1743). Last battle at which a King 
 of England (George II.) commanded. 
 
 Douro. — A Peninsular battle fought on May 12th, 1809, by 
 Wellington. The River Douro was crossed in the face of strong 
 opposition and the French defeated. 
 
 Egmont-op-Zee. — One of the battles of the Napoleonic War ; 
 took place in Holland, 1799. 
 
 Egypt, 1882-84. — A campaign which owed its inception to 
 the rebellion of Arabi Pasha, whose object was to rob Prince 
 Twefik of his position as khedive and to repudiate the treaty 
 obligations and debts of Egypt. 
 
 129 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Emsdorff. — ^The 15th Hussars were allowed to wear the follow- 
 ing iascription on their helmets, bearing on this battle honour : 
 " Five battaUons of Foot defeated and taken by this Regiment, 
 with their colours, and nine pieces of cannon, at Emsdorff, i6th 
 July, 1760." 
 
 Ferozeshah. — A two days' fight during the Sikh "War (Decem- 
 ber 2ist-22nd, 1845). 
 
 Fuentes d'Onor. — One of the Peninsular battles, fought by 
 Wellington to bar the way to Almeida which Massena was en- 
 deavouring to reach. (May 5th, 181 1). 
 
 Ghuznee. — Besieged during the Afghan War, 1839 ; the enemy 
 forces were commanded by the notorious Hyder Khan. Later, 
 the town was recaptured by the Afghans and the British inside 
 it massacred. The British, however, took it once more in 
 September, 1842. 
 
 Gibraltar, 1704-5. — British attacked it under the command 
 of Sir George Rooke, Sir John Leake and Admiral Byng on July 
 2ist, 1704, and took it three days later. During the month of 
 October it was besieged by large forces of Spaniards and French, 
 but the handful of British held out and Sir John Leake raised 
 the siege in March, 1705. 
 
 Gibraltar, 1779-83. — General Eliot was beseiged by over- 
 whelming forces of French and Spaniards. His " red-hot pota- 
 toes " and other novel devices caused terrific havoc among the 
 enemy and the blockade ceased on February 5th, 1783, wholly 
 in our favour. 
 
 Goojerat.— The last battle of the second Punjab Campaign. 
 (February 22nd, 1849). 
 
 Guadaloupe, 1759-1810.— An island in the Antilles belonging 
 to the French. Captured from them in 1759 but returned to 
 them in 1763. Taken from them a second time in i794 and re- 
 turned in 1803. Again taken in 1810. Became a possession 
 of Sweden in 1813. Now French. 
 
 Guzerat. — See Goojerat. 
 
 Hafir.— A battle of the Dongola expedition. (September 
 29 th, 1896). The precursor of our fresh advance under Kitchener 
 to reconquer the Soudan. 
 
 130 
 
BATTLE HONOURS 
 
 Havannah. — Captured by the Earl of Albemarle in 1762. 
 
 Hyderabad. — A battle of the War of Scinde, occasioned largely 
 by the temerity of the ameers who had taken note of our reverses 
 in Afghamistan. Under Sir Charles Napier, our forces were 
 victorious (1843) and he is credited with having sent home the 
 terse message " Peccavi," which means " I have sinned " (Scinde). 
 
 Inkerman. — A battle of the Crimean War fought, in a fog, on 
 November 5th, 1854. 
 
 Java. — ^When Napoleon obtained power over Holland, it 
 became necessary for the British to turn their attentions to the 
 Dutch colonies. Accordingly, an expedition was directed against 
 Java, which we occupied in i8ii. 
 
 Kabul, 1879. — See Afghanistan, 1878-80. 
 
 Kandahar, 1880. — See Afghanistan, 1878-80. Lord Roberts' 
 army made a wonderful march through mountainous country 
 from Cabul to Kandahax to avenge our defeat at Maiwand. 
 
 Khartoum. — ^This honour was awarded to the regiments which 
 fought in the battle of Khartoum following on the success at 
 Omdurman in September, 1898. 
 
 Khelat. — A hill fort and capital of Baluchistan, invested by 
 the Ghilzees in 1842, and commanded by Captain Craigie. 
 
 Kirbekan. — A battle of the Sudan Campaign, in which Major- 
 General Earle, commanding the force journeying up the Nile, 
 was killed. 
 
 Kirkee. — Lord Hastings' defeat of the Pindarries, a horde of 
 freebooters, on November 5th, 1817. 
 
 Koosh-ab. — ^The Persians defeated by the EngUsh on Decem- 
 ber loth, 1856. 
 
 Leswarree. — A great victory for General Lake in the Mahratta 
 War (November ist, 1803). 
 
 Lincelles. — General Lake defeated the French (August i8th, 
 1793). 
 
 Loulsburg. — Captured on July 26th, 1753, by Amherst, Wolfe 
 and Boscawen. 
 
 131 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Lucknow. — Besieged in 1857-8. An heroic defence was made 
 by Sir Henry Lawrence. 
 
 Maharajpore. — Lord Gough defeated the Maharattas, Decem- 
 ber 20th, 1843. 
 
 Mabeidpoor. — Sir Thomas Hislop defeated the Pindarries on 
 December 21st, 1817. 
 
 Maida. — Stuart routed the French, July 4th, 1806. 
 Malplaquet. — One of Marlborough's victories, September 
 nth, 1709. 
 
 Mangalore. — The Mysore War terminated by the Treaty of 
 Mangalore, by which Tippoo was recognised as sultan of the 
 Camatic Balaghaut and the English were entrusted with the 
 protection of Travancore. 
 
 Martinique. — An island in the Caribbean Sea which has seen 
 encounters between the British and French in 1762, 1794, and 
 1809. 
 
 Masulipatam.— This refers to a mutiny of troops of the Madras 
 European Regiment during the month of May, 1809. 
 
 Meeanee. — Sir Charles Napier defeated the Ameers on 
 February 17th, 1843. 
 
 Minden. — Defeat of the French, August ist, 1759, during the 
 Seven Years' War. 
 
 Modder River. — A.n engagement which occasioned a heavy 
 list of casualties, fought by Lord Methuen on November 28th, 
 1899. Later, Lord Roberts, V.C, met the Boers here on 
 February 9th, 1900. 
 
 Monte Video. — Taken February 3rd, 1807; afterwards 
 returned to Spain. 
 
 Moodkee. — Lord Hardinge defeated the Sikhs December 
 1 8th, 1845. 
 
 Mooltan. — Besieged during the second Punjab Campaign. 
 The Sikhs were repulsed November 7th, 1848. 
 
 Mysore. — See Mangalore. 
 
 Nagpore. — Captured by the British, November 26th, 1807. 
 
 132 
 
BATTLE HONOURS 
 
 Namur, 1695. — Then a strong fortress ; taken by William 
 III. from the French at the close of his brilliant campaign in the 
 Low Countries. 
 
 New Zealand. — Trouble in 1844 arose from the murder of 
 British settlers by a native chief, Hone Heke. 
 
 Niagara. — The English took this fort on July 24th, 1759; 
 there was also another engagement against the Americans in 
 1812. 
 
 Nieuport. — A centre of attack on the French army during the 
 revolutionary war, 1793. 
 
 Nile, 1884-85. — The campaign which was directed against the 
 Mahdi to rescue General Gordon. We failed to reach Khartoum 
 in time and Gordon perished. 
 
 Nive. — Several encounters took place here between the British 
 and the French. (December ioth-i3th, 1813). 
 
 Nivelle. — Soult defeated by Wellington whose strategy forced 
 the former to retire to Bayonne. (November loth, 1813). 
 
 Nortbi America, 1763-64. — This battle honour refers to the 
 fightmg between the British, under Colonel Bradstreet, and cer- 
 tam Indian tribes. 
 
 Nundy-droog. — A stronghold near Bangalore, assaulted by 
 Cornwdllis, wlxich fell after a three weeks' siege. (Ocix)ber, 1791). 
 
 Orthes. — Wellington defeated Soult, February 27th, 1814, 
 
 Oudenarde. — A Marlborough victory in Belgium. (July nth, 
 1708). 
 
 Paardeberg. — A battle of the Boer war in which Lord French 
 beat Cronje and forced him to surrender a few days later 
 (February i8th, 1900), on the anniversary of our defeat at 
 Majuba, during the first Boer war. 
 
 Pegu. — An issue of the second Burmese War, 1852. 
 
 Peiwar Kotal. — One of the attacks of the Afghan War, 1878-80, 
 successfully carried out by Lord Roberts, V.C. 
 
 Pel(in, 1860. — The " Arrow " incident brought matters to a 
 head and the second Chinese War began in 1857. Owing to 
 
 133 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 the massacre of English residents, PeMn was occupied by British 
 and French troops and the famous Summer Palace razed to the 
 ground. 
 
 Pekin, 1900.— This refers to the Boxer rising. 
 
 Peninsula. — ^The campaign between the British and French ; 
 under the leadership of the Duke of Wellington. 
 
 Persia. — A war which sprang from the relations of Persia and 
 Russia and comprised the engagements of Reshire, Bushire, 
 Koosh-ab, etc. 1856-7. 
 
 Plassey. — Here CUve, to avenge the " Black Hole of Calcutta," 
 defeated the Nabob of Bengal, Surajah Dowlah, on June 23rd, 
 1757. Probably ia no important battle have we met greater 
 odds, which were nearly fifty to one. From this battle dates our 
 paramount position in India. There was a prophecy that the 
 " British Raj," or rule, in India would last a century, and the 
 Mutiny broke out in 1857. 
 
 Pondicherry. — A French colony whi(Ti has seen much fighting. 
 The Dutch took it in 1693, but it came into French possession 
 ODCe more in 1697. ^^ ^7^^' ^^^ British took it and restored it 
 in 1763 ; took it again in 1778 ; French again possessed it ia 1783 
 by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles ; later, the British also 
 took it in 1793 and i^ i^o^. 
 
 Punjaub. — ^The second Sikh war, a campaign necessitated by 
 the murder of British officials on their arrival at the fortress 
 of Mooltan where they were about to take up their appointments, 
 1848. 
 
 Punniar. — One of the two successful battles fought in the 
 Gwalior Campaign, 1843. 
 
 Pyrenees. — Soult defeated by Wellington, July 28th, 1813. 
 
 Quebec, 1759. — ^Wolfe was victorious but mortally wounded, 
 September 13th. This success secured for us Canada from the 
 French. 
 
 Queenstown. — Americans who had invaded Canada were 
 defeated October 13th, 181 2. 
 
 Ramillies. — The French defeated by Marlborough, May 23rd, 
 1706. 
 
 134 
 
BATTLE HONOURS 
 
 Relief of Kimberley. — Boer War, February 15th, 1900. 
 
 Relief of Ladysmith. — Boer War, February 28th, igoo. 
 
 Reshire. — See Persia. 
 
 Rohilcund. — A settlement of the Rohilla tribe, from Afghanis- 
 tan, in North East India. They owed money to the Sultan 
 of Oude,and as payment was refused, the latter obtained the use 
 of a British force, lent by Warren Hastings, and conquered the 
 settlement. Burke claims that Hastings was to be condemned 
 for lending the force for such purposes. 
 
 Roliga. — Often written " Roleria," one of the first battles 
 of the Peninsular War, August 9th, 1808. 
 
 Sabagun. — Sir John Moore checked Soult here on December 
 20th, 1808. 
 
 St. Lucia. — An island in the Windward group which has suffered 
 much change of possessioa. By the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 
 1748, it became neutral ; became French in 1756 ; taken by British 
 in 1778; given to the French in 1783 for Grenada ; taken by 
 British in 1794 and again in 1796 by Sir Ralph Abercromby. 
 By the Treaty of Amiens, given to the French in 1802 ; taken 
 from them by the British in 1803. 
 
 St. Sebastian. — Stormed by Graham, August 31st, 181 3. 
 
 St. Vincent. — The reference is to the defeat of the Spanish 
 fleet on February 14th, 1797. This honour is possessed by the 
 Welsh Regiment and was won when they were serving as Marines 
 on board the " Agamemnon." 
 
 Salamanca. — Wellington defeated Marmont, on Sunday, July 
 22nd, 1812. 
 
 Scinde. — See Hyderabad. 
 
 Seringapatam. — Besieged by Lord Comwallis in 1762 and 
 later by Lord Wellesley in 1799 owing to the hostile attitude 
 of Tjppoo Sahib. Tippoo was killed May 4th. 
 
 Sevastopol. — The siege of, commenced October 17th, 1854, 
 against the Russians. Its capture completed the Crimean War. 
 
 Sholinghur. — A strong position taken up by Hyder Ali from 
 which he was dislodged by Sir Eyre Coote in September, 1781. 
 
 135 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Sobraon.— Gough defeated the Sikhs, February loth. 1846. 
 
 South Africa.— 1834-5, the first Kaffir War ; 1846-7, engage- 
 ments against the Gaikas ; 185 1-3, a third Kaffir rising led by 
 SandiUi. (The " Birkenhead " was carrying troops to take 
 part in this war when it foundered). 1878-9, the Zulu War; 
 1 899- 1 902, the Boer War. 
 
 Suakin, 1885. — Defended by miUfcary and naval forces in 
 1884-85 against the troops of the Mahdi and Osman Digna. 
 
 Surinam. — Taken from the Dutch io 1799 and again in 1804, 
 but restored to them later. 
 
 Taku Forts. — After the Chinese ignored the Treaty of Tien tsin 
 the Taku Forts were stormed, i860. 
 
 Talavera.— Wellington defeated Victor on July 27-28, 1809. 
 
 Tangier, 1662-80. — Given to the British by the Portuguese 
 in 1662, as a dowry, when Charles II. married Catherine of 
 Braganza. The 2nd, or Queen's Regiment (Kirk's Lambs), 
 was raised to garrison it. 
 
 Tarifa. — The most southerly town in Europe, south of Gibral- 
 tar. The French attacked the British there in 181 1-2. 
 
 Tel-el-Kebir. — ^This was the important engagemeat after 
 the bombardment of Alexandria, during the Egyptian cecmpaign, 
 (q.v.) It took place on September 13th, 1882 ; after a trymg 
 night march of Sir G. Wolseley's men through the desert the 
 Egyptian encampment was rushed at dawn. 
 
 Ternate.— A small Dutch island in the Malay Archipelago. 
 It was the scene of fighting during the Napoleonic war. Lord 
 Minto was in command. 
 
 Tirah. — A N.W. frontier campaign in India, in the years 
 1897-8. 
 
 Tofrek. — A battle of the Sudan campaign which followed 
 shortly after the fall of Khartoum. (March 22nd, 1885). 
 
 Toulouse.— Wellington defeated Soult. (April loth, 1814). 
 
 Tournay. — In southern Belgium, the scene of much fighting 
 and some sieges during the years 1793-4- 
 
 136 
 
BATTLE HONOURS 
 
 Villers-en-Cauchies. — The British and Germans met the 
 French here in 1794. The Emperor Frances II. of Germany 
 was on the point of being taken prisoner when the 15th Light 
 DragooQS rescued him. 
 
 Vimiera. — An early battle of the Peninsular War. Wellesley 
 defeated Junot. (August 21st, 1808). 
 
 Vittoria. — Wellington defeated King Joseph. (June 21st, 
 1813), The greatest of our victories during the Peninsular War. 
 
 Wandiwash. — Sir Eyre Coote defeated Lally in India ; an 
 engagement of the Sevea Years' War. (January 22nd, 1760). 
 
 Warburg. — The Prince of Brunswick defeated the French. 
 (July 31st, 1760). 
 
 Waterloo. — (June i8th, 1815). The battle in which Napoleon 
 was finally overthrown and which restored peace to Europe 
 after the long revolutionary and Napoleonic wars which had 
 lasted a quarter of a century. 
 
 Wilhelmstahl. — Defeat of the French, 1762. 
 
 Willems. — The Guards, Dragoons, Lancers, etc., have this 
 honour ; it is " Wilhelmstahl " on the colours of the line regi- 
 ments. 
 
 April 12th, 1782, — Rodney's naval victory over De Grasse. 
 
 June 1st, 1794. — (The Glorious First of June). Lord Howe's 
 naval victory. 
 
 137 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 REGIMENTAL COLOUES OF CANADIAN INFANTEY 
 BATTALIONS 
 
 13th Battalion "Royal High- 
 landers of Canada." 
 
 Colours presented in Canada 
 and deposited in St. Paul's 
 Church, Montreal. 
 
 21st Battalion "Eastern On- 
 tario." 
 
 Colours presented by Veterans 
 of Kingston, Ontario ; brought 
 to England and now in custody 
 of the High Commissioner of 
 Canada. 
 
 22nd Battalion 
 
 Colours in Notre Dame Cathe- 
 dral, Montreal. 
 
 33rd Battalion 
 
 Made and presented by 
 I.O.D.E., London, Ontario, July 
 2ist, 1915 ; accompanied the 
 unit to England £ind deposited 
 in Canterbury Cathedral on 
 Aug. 26th, 1916. 
 
 88th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented on Aug. 
 1st, 1915, by the Home Guard. 
 Deposited in Westminster Abbey 
 for duration of war. 
 
 89th Battalion 
 
 Colours made in England and 
 donated to the Battalion by 
 the Women's Canadian Club, 
 Belleville, Ont., in June, 1915. 
 Presentation made by General 
 Sir Sam Hughes. In Aug., 1915, 
 deposited in Lydd Parish 
 Church, Kent, but were re- 
 claimed in March, 191 7, and 
 returned to Canada. 
 
 45th Battalion 
 
 Colours made by Mrs. Clark, 
 wife of the Commanding Ofl&cer, 
 and presented by her at Brandon, 
 Manitoba, in 19 16. 
 
 49th Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in Canter- 
 bury Cathedral. 
 
 139 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 50th Battalion Presented at Westcana Park, 
 
 Tn. ... J • T> -^t, n\. ,^Au Regina. shortly before Unit left 
 
 Deposited in Parish Church. ^^/ England. Now deposited 
 
 ;r.n,«hnfi Hants. .^ Canterbury Cathedral. 
 
 Bramshoti, Hants. 
 
 51st Battalion 
 
 Made by the Ladies of the 
 Conservative Assoc, of Alberta ; 
 presented to Battalion by the 
 President of the Association, 
 Mrs. A. E. Ewing ; were carried 
 on parade, July ist, 1915 ; 
 on July 2 1 St, 1916, were de- 
 posited in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 59th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented to Batta- 
 lion by Mr. Richard Waldron, 
 of Kingston, Ontario ; handed 
 to Battalion by Mrs. Waldron 
 in presence of Sir Sam Hughes, 
 Oct. 5th, 1915, at Kingston, 
 Ont. 
 
 63rd Battalion 
 
 Colours accompanied Unit to 
 England ; were later returned 
 to Canada and placed in an 
 Edmonton Church. 
 
 66th Battalion 
 
 Colours subscribed tor by 
 Citizens of Edmonton, Canada, 
 and presented in Dec, 1915, 
 at Edmonton, by Major Henry. 
 Now in St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 
 68th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented to Unit 
 by Ladies' Auxiliary Society, 
 formed by wives ol the ofi&cers. 
 
 69th «« French Canadian" 
 Battalion. 
 
 Colours made by ladies ol 
 Montreal, but not finished in 
 time to be piesented to Battahon 
 before it left for England. Now 
 deposited in St. James's Cathe- 
 dral, Montreal. 
 
 70th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 Sportsmen's Patriotic Society 
 of London. Ont., Feb. 17th, 
 1 91 7, and deposited in West- 
 minster Abbey on Aug. 14th, 
 19 16, for duration of war. 
 
 75th Mississauga Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in West- 
 minster Abbey. 
 
 76th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 PubUc Schools of Simcoe County, 
 Ont., and deposited in the 
 Methodist Church, Georgetown, 
 Ont. 
 
 77th " Ottawa " Battalion 
 
 Colours given by Mrs. Thomas 
 Aheam, the President, the 
 Directors and Employees of 
 the Ottawa Light, Heat, and 
 Power Company, with which 
 Company Col. Street has been 
 
 140 
 
COLOURS OF CANADIAN INFANTRY 
 
 connected for many years. Pre- 
 sented on June 8th, 1915, by 
 General Sir Sam Hughes ; now 
 deposited in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 80th Battalion 
 
 Regimental colours presented 
 by the Ketcheson family on 
 July 2oth, presentation being 
 made by Miss Nelly Ketcheson, 
 daughter of the Mayor of Belle- 
 ville, Ont. 
 
 81st Battalion 
 
 Colours left in Canada when 
 BattaUon embarked for Eng- 
 land. 
 
 85th "Nova Scotia Highland" 
 Battalion. 
 
 Colours made by Lady Borden, 
 and presented to the BattaUon, 
 Sept. 25th, 1916 ; deposited in 
 Parish Church, Witley. 
 
 86th Battalion 
 
 Colours donated by Mrs. Sand- 
 ford ; presented by Lady Aber- 
 deen, on May i6th, 1916 ; 
 deposited in Canterbury Cathe- 
 dral on Oct. 2ist, 1916. 
 
 87th Battalion " Canadian 
 Grenadier Guards." 
 
 Colours deposited in Canter- 
 bury Cathedral. 
 
 91st Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in Canter- 
 bury Cathedral. 
 
 92nd Battalion 
 
 Colours of the parent Militia 
 Regiment, " 48th Highlanders 
 of Toronto." 
 
 98th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Citizens 
 and School Children of Niagara 
 Falls ; not finished in time to 
 be brought to England with 
 Battalion ; now deposited in 
 the Armouries at Niagara Falls. 
 
 99th Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in Windsor 
 Parish Church, England ; pre- 
 sented to Battalion by the 
 Daughters of the Empire, Wind- 
 sor, Ont. 
 
 100th Battalion " Winnipeg 
 Grenadiers." 
 
 Colours deposited in Canter- 
 bury Cathedral, March 2nd, 
 1917- 
 104th Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in St. Paul's 
 Cathedral. 
 
 108th Battalion 
 
 Colours donated by the ladies 
 of Ottawa ; presented by Lady 
 Borden, wife of the Prime 
 Minister, on Sept. 5th, 1916. 
 
 109th Battalion 
 
 Colours donated and presented 
 by Lady Eaton, in presence of 
 Sir Sam Hughes, on May 24th, 
 1916. 
 
 141 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 lllth Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 Ladies of South Waterloo County 
 through the Daughters of the 
 Empire, Gait, Ont. Deposited 
 in Trinity Church, Gait, Ont. 
 
 112th BattaUon 
 
 Colours made by Miss Pratt, 
 of Windsor, Nova Scotia, and 
 presented to the Battalion by 
 Mrs. Tremain, wife of the O.C, 
 July 2ist, 1916 ; deposited in 
 Christ Church, Windsor, N.S., 
 Canada, on following day. 
 
 116th Battalion 
 
 Colours left in Canada. 
 
 116th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Junior 
 ReUef Club, of Uxbridge, Ont., 
 on May 20th, 1916 ; presenta- 
 tion made by James Godfrey, 
 K.C., of Toronto, on May 20th, 
 1 9 1 6 . Deposited in Westminster 
 Abbey on Oct. 7th, 1916. 
 
 117th Battalion 
 
 Colours made in Montreal, and 
 presented by the Eastern Town- 
 ship Board of Trade, of Sher- 
 brooke, May 29th, 1916. 
 
 120th Battalion 
 
 This Battahon has the colours 
 of the 13th Royal Regiment of 
 Hamilton, Ont. 
 
 123rd Battalion 
 
 Was presented with colours 
 of loth Royal Grenadiers, its 
 parent regiment, on May 7th, 
 1916. Now deposited in Church 
 of All Saints, Witley, Surrey. 
 
 124th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Toronto 
 Open Air Horse Parade Associa- 
 tion, in Toronto, July ist, 1916. 
 Now deposi ted in Witley Church, 
 Surrey. 
 
 125th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Mrs. 
 Cockshutt, wife of the Hon. 
 Colonel of the Battalion, at 
 Brantford, Ont., May 17th, 19 16, 
 deposited in Parish Church, 
 Chart, Surrey, May 12th, 1917. 
 They were carried in honour of 
 the Queen Mother in London 
 on May nth, 191 7. 
 
 127th Battalion 
 
 Regimental colours of the 
 12th Regiment of the York 
 Rangers ; now deposited in 
 Trinity Church, Aurora, Ont. 
 
 128th Battalion 
 
 These colours were made by 
 an invalid lady of Moose Jaw, 
 Mrs. Eleanor Lane ; presented 
 by the Lieut. -Governor of Sas- 
 katchewan, on May ist, 19 16, 
 and for nearly a year took 
 their prominent place on cere- 
 monial parades of the BattaUon. 
 
 142 
 
COLOURS OF CANADIAN INFANTRY 
 
 Deposited in Bristol Cathedral, 
 England, on March nth, 1917. 
 
 130th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Inde- 
 pendent Order of the Daughters 
 of the Empire, Perth Chapter, 
 Perth, Ont., on May 21st, 1915 ; 
 deposited in St. James' Church, 
 Perth, Ont., on Sept. loth, 1916. 
 
 132nd Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Earl of 
 Chatham, Chapter of the I.O.D.E. 
 of Chatham, N.B., on Aug. ist, 
 1916 ; consecrated by Vener- 
 able Archdeacon Forsyth, of 
 Chatham ; deposited in West- 
 minster Abbey. 
 
 133rd Battalion 
 
 Colours given by Norfolk 
 Branch, Daughters of the Em- 
 pire ; presented by Sir John 
 Hurdrie, Lieut. -Governor of Pro- 
 vince of Ontario, July 7th, 1916 ; 
 deposited in the County Council 
 Chambers, Simcoe, Ont. 
 
 135th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented to Battalion 
 by Dr. H. A. McCallam on 
 June 27th, 1916 ; brought to 
 England, but later returned to 
 Canada, and deposited in the 
 Anglican Church, Strathroy, Ont. 
 
 136th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented to Battahon 
 by Col. J. L. Hughes, of Toronto, 
 
 at Port Hope, Ont., in July, 
 1916 ; deposited in St. Mark's 
 Church, Port Hope, on Sept. 
 i8th, 1916. 
 
 137th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Military 
 Chapter of the I.O.D.E. on 
 Aug. 12th, 1916 ; now deposited 
 in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 138th Battalion 
 
 Colours made by an invalid 
 lady in Edmonton, and presen- 
 ted by A. J. Ewing, Esq., K.C., 
 M.P.P., and Mrs. Ewing, of 
 Edmonton, on July ist, 1916. 
 They are to be deposited in 
 Edmonton. 
 
 189th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 citizens of the Town of Coburg, 
 May 27th, 1916 ; deposited in 
 St. Peter's Church, Coburg, Ont. 
 
 142nd Battalion 
 
 Colours made by Messrs. Ryrie 
 Brothers, Toronto, and pre- 
 sented by Sir Adam and Lady 
 Beck, of London, Ont., on Aug. 
 19th, 191 6 ; deposited in St. 
 Paul's Cathedral, London, Ont. 
 
 146th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by citizens 
 of Kingston, Ont. ; deposited m 
 St. Andrew's Church, Kingston, 
 Ont. 
 
 143 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 147th Battalion 
 
 Colours made by Messrs. 
 Robert Simpson & Co.. as a gift 
 from the County of Gray ; pre- 
 sented by Mr. A. E. Cordingely, 
 on Aug. 22ncl, 1916 ; now de- 
 posited at Newcastle-on-Tyae. 
 
 148th Battalion 
 
 Colours made and presented 
 by Mrs. Gavin Ogilvie, in March, 
 191 7 ; they are to be deposited 
 in Redpath Library, McGill 
 University. 
 
 151st Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Mr. 
 Blair, Provost, Alberta ; de- 
 posited in the Parliament 
 Buildings of the Province ol 
 Alberta, at Edmonton. 
 
 152nd Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 Daughters ol the Empire, Wey- 
 bum, July 22nd, 1916. De- 
 posited in Canterbury Cathe- 
 dral. 
 
 154th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented at Cornwall 
 County, Ont., Aug. 24th, 1916, 
 by the Ladies of St. Lawrence 
 Chapter of the I.O.D.E. Pre- 
 sentation made by the Regent 
 of the Chapter ; colours now 
 with the Battahon. 
 
 155th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 Argyll Chapter of the I.O.D.E.. 
 
 July 29th, 1916, at Belleville, 
 Ont., returned to Canada for 
 deposit in St. Thomas' Church, 
 Belleville, Ont. 
 
 157th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 Teachers of South Simcoe, on 
 Oct. I2th, 1916. 
 
 159th Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in West- 
 minster Abbey. 
 
 160th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Mr. M. 
 A. HalUdey, Chesley, Ont., June 
 3rd, 1 9 16, Premier Hearst and 
 Lieut.-Col. Rev. Dr. Johnstone, 
 officiating. 
 
 161st Battalion 
 
 Colours made and presented 
 by the Daughters ol the Empire, 
 Exeter, Oat. ; deposited in the 
 Court House at Goderich, Ont. 
 
 169th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 Women's AuxiUary, on Oct. 5th, 
 1916 ; depositee in Church of 
 the Ascension, Toronto, Ont. 
 
 173rd Battalion 
 
 Colours presented to the 91st 
 Regiment, Canadian Active 
 MiUtia, by the Ladies of Hamil- 
 ton, in Sept., 1904 ; presented 
 by the 91st Regiment to the 
 
 144 
 
COLOURS OF CANADIAN INFANTRY 
 
 173rd Battalion in Oct., 1916. 
 Will be deposited in a Scotch 
 cathedral. 
 
 175th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by Messrs. 
 J. H. Collier and J. Shield, of 
 Medicine Hat, Alberta, on Sept. 
 26th, 1916 ; deposited in West- 
 minster Abbey. 
 
 180th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 Sportsmen's Patriotic Associa- 
 tion of Toronto, Nov. 20th, 
 1916 ; deposited in the City 
 Hall, Toronto. 
 
 185th Battalion 
 
 Colours made by Lady Borden, 
 wife of the Prime Minister of 
 Canada, and presented by her 
 to the Battalion on Sept. 25th, 
 1916. 
 
 187th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the 
 I.O.D.E. of Innistall, Alberta ; 
 presentation made by A. E. 
 Witchener, Esq., M.P.P., in 
 June, 1 91 6 ; deposited in 
 Westminster Abbey, March 3rd, 
 1916. 
 
 191st Battalion 
 
 Colours donated by Mr. 
 Whitney, of Calgary, March, 
 191 7 ; remained in Calgary at 
 the Unit Headquarters. 
 
 194th Battalion 
 
 Colours presented by the Hon. 
 A. C. Rutherford, Ex-Premier 
 of Alberta, at Edmonton, on 
 May 27th, 1916 ; deposited for 
 safe keeping in the Bank of 
 Montreal, London Office. 
 
 195th Battalion 
 
 Colours manufactured by 
 Messrs. Henry Berks & Son, of 
 Winnipeg ; are a gift of Salis- 
 bury Plain's Chapter of the 
 I.O.D.E., Regina, Saskatchewan, 
 and were presented on June 5th, 
 1916, at Regina ; deposited in 
 Parliament Buildings, Regina, 
 Saskatchewan. 
 
 198th Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in Canter- 
 bury Cathedral. 
 
 202nd Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in Godal- 
 ming Wesleyan Church. 
 
 210th Battalion 
 
 Colours made and presented 
 by the Woman's Auxiliary, 
 March, 191 7 ; deposited in St. 
 Andrew's Church, Moose Jaw. 
 
 211th Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in St. Paul's 
 Cathedral. 
 
 212th Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited in St Paul's 
 Cathedral. 
 
 145 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 231st Battalion Royal Canadian Regiment* 
 
 Colours presented by the Colours in Halifax, 
 Vancouver Women's Auxiliary. 
 
 Eaton Machine Gun Battery 
 237tli Battalion Colours presented by the 
 
 Colours deposited in St. Paul's Ladies of Parkdale Chapter of 
 Cathedral. the I.O.D.E. of Toronto ; they 
 
 are with the Unit in France. 
 238th Battalion 
 
 Colours deposited on March *t^ Pioneer BattaUon 
 30th, 191 7 ; in Potter's Bar Colours deposited in West- 
 Church, near London. minster Abbey. 
 
 * The Royal Canadian Regiment is the only regular unit in the 
 Canadian Forces. It was first raised in December, 1883, for the purpose 
 of instructing the Canadian Militia, and was called the Infantry School 
 Corps. Since then it has been kaown as the Royal Regiment of Canadian 
 Infantry, then the Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry, and later by 
 its present title. In 1894 H.M. Queen Victoria gave her Imperial Cypher 
 V.R.I, as a badge. The Regiment was irxreased during the South African 
 War by the raising of a 2nd and 3rd Battalion ; these were afterwards 
 disba'ided. In 1885 the Regiment took part in the suppression of the 
 North West Rebellion under Ge leral Middleton at Batoche and Cut- Knife 
 Creek. In 1896 it formed part of the Expedition sent up to police the 
 New Yukon District, where it remained for two years. In 1899-1900, the 
 2nd Battalion fought in South Africa with the 19th Brigade, doing 
 particularly good service at Paardeburg. In 1905 the establishment was 
 increased, when the Imperial Troops handed over the garrisoning of the 
 fortresses at Halifax and elsewhere to Canadian Troops. In 1914, on the 
 outbreak of war, the Battalion relieved the 2nd Bn. Lincolnshire Regiment 
 at Bermuda, where it remained for eleven months. It landed in Frar ce 
 in November, 191 5, and took part in the battle of Ypres of June, iqi6, 
 Somme, September, 1916, and Vimy, 1917. It particularly distinguished 
 itself on the Somme and Vimy. H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught is 
 Colonel of the Regiment. In 1901, H.R.H. the Duke of Cornwall and 
 York (now H.M. King George V.) presented Colours to the Regiment at 
 Toronto. In 1904, H.E. Lord Minto, Governor-General of Canada, 
 presented at Ottawa a special Banner given by H.M. King Edward VII. 
 for service in South Africa. 
 
 146 
 
INDEX. 
 
 The Battle Honours given in Chapter IX. are not included in the 
 Index, as they appear in alphabetic order. Nor are the Canadian 
 Regiments (Appendix) given, as they are Usted in numerical order. 
 
 Page 
 Act of Union, effect of, on 
 colours . . . . . . 24 
 
 Albuhera, Colours at , . 2 
 Alma, Colours at . . . . i 
 
 American War of Indepen- 
 dence, effect of, on colours 23 
 Argyll and Sutherland 
 Highlanders . . . . 108 
 
 Artists' Rifles .. ..114 
 
 Australian Force .. ..119 
 
 Ayreshire Yeomanry . . 50 
 
 Baluch Light Infantry .. 118 
 
 Barrosa Honour . . . . 25 
 
 Bcdfordslxire Regiment . . 76 
 
 Berkslure Regiment . . 98 
 
 Berkshire Yeomanry 48, 50 
 
 Black Watch . . . . 93 
 
 Border Regiment . . . . 89 
 
 Buffs . . 2, 17, 20, 67 
 
 Cameron Highlai.ders 
 Camerciaiis 
 Canadian Colours . . 
 Canadians, Royal . . 
 Carabiniers . . 
 Cheshire Regiment 
 
 107 
 
 83 
 119 
 109 
 
 39 
 80 
 
 Page 
 Cheshire Yeomanry . . 50 
 
 City of London Rough 
 Riders . . . . 47. 51 
 
 Civil Service Rifles . . 112 
 
 Coldstreams 
 
 8, 10, 12, 25, 58-60, 71 
 Connaught Rangers . . 108 
 
 Connaught's Own Rajputs, 
 Duke of . . . . . . 116 
 
 County of London Hussars 51 
 County of London Sharp- 
 shooters . . . . . . 52 
 
 Derbyshire Yeomanry 48, 50 
 Devonshire Regiment . . 73 
 Devon Yeomanry . . . . 50 
 
 Dorsetshire Regiment . . 91 
 Dorset Yeomanry .. ., 51 
 
 Dragoon Guards 
 
 13, 15, 18, 29-31, 37-40, 43 
 Dragoons 
 
 9, 17, 18, 23, 29, 40-1. 43. 47 
 Dublin Fusiliers .. ..no 
 
 Duchess of York's Regiment 10 
 Duke of Albany's Regiment 10 
 Duke of Cambridge's Hus- 
 sars . . . . . . 51 
 
 147 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 ■r> Page 
 
 iJuke of Cornwall's Light 
 
 Infantry . . . _ g, 
 
 Duke of Lancaster's Own 
 
 Yeomanry ,. 49 si 
 
 Duke of Wellington's West ' 
 
 Riding Regiment . 86 
 
 Durham Light Infantry . . 102 
 
 East Lancashire Regiment 
 East Surrey Regiment 
 East Yorkshire Regiment 
 Egypt Honour 
 Emsdorf Honour 
 Essex Regiment 
 Essex Yeomanry 
 
 85 
 85 
 76 
 
 25 
 23 
 96 
 48 
 
 Ferozepore Sikhs .. 115 
 
 Fife and Forfar Regiment 48 
 Finsbury Rifles .; .112 
 
 First Surrey Rifles.. " n^ 
 
 Foot Guards * ' 
 
 7. 10, 17, 28, 34. 54-63 
 Fusxhers .. 17,70,111 
 
 I-usihers, North British . . 21 
 
 Gibraltar Honour . . 
 Gloucestershire Hussars 
 Gloucestershire Regiment 
 Gordon Highlanders 
 Grenadier Guards . . 8, 9", 
 Grenadiers (Indian Army)' 
 Guernsey Mihtia . . 
 
 Hampshire Carabiniers 
 Hampshire Regiment 
 Herts Yeomanry , . 
 Highland Light Infantry .' 
 Holland Regiment 
 
 . 24 
 
 47 
 84 
 
 105 
 54-8 
 118 
 123 
 
 s, 51 
 
 90 
 
 48 
 
 102 
 
 10 
 
 Page 
 
 Honourable Artillery Com- 
 
 P^"y •• •• ..121 
 
 Horse Guards 
 
 Hussars '■.'■ "'' ''' '''f' -' 
 43-5. 47 
 
 Infantry Colours .. 32. 64-H4 
 
 Inniskilhng Dragoons . 41 
 
 Inniskilhng Fusiliers " 
 
 Inniskining Regiment 14 
 
 Irish Fusiliers 
 
 Irish Guards 
 
 Irish Regiment, Royal 
 
 Irish Rifles . . 
 
 Isandlwaua, Colours at 
 
 ■ 7. 21 
 
 107 
 
 63 
 
 I. 77 
 107 
 
 I 
 
 Jersey Mihtia 
 
 148 
 
 King's Guards ., _ jj 
 
 King's (Liverpool Regiment) 72 
 King's Own (Royal Lanca- 
 shire Regiment) . . ,68 
 King's Own (Yorkshire 
 Light Infantry) , . gg 
 
 Lanarkshire Yeomanry 48 51 
 Lancashire Fusiliers . . ' 78 
 
 Lancashire Hussars .' .' L 
 
 Lancers .. ., ..43-7 
 
 Leicestershire Regiment '. ". 76 
 Leinster Regiment.. . 109 
 
 Life Guards 29, 37. 42 
 
 Lincelles Honour . . . . 25 
 
 Lincolnshire Regiment 14 72 
 London Irish Rifles . . ji, 
 
 London Scottish .. ..'112 
 
 Lothians and Border Horse 
 
 Loyal North Lancashire '^^' ^^ 
 Regiment . . . . 97 
 
INDEX 
 
 Pagb 
 1 20 
 loi 
 122 
 
 17 
 
 100 
 
 Malta Militia 
 Manchester Regiment 
 Marine Light Infantry 
 Marine Regiment . . 
 Middlesex Regiment 
 Montgdmerysliire Yeomanry 
 
 49, 52 
 Munster Fusiliers .. ..no 
 
 Norfolk Regiment . . . . 72 
 
 Norfolk Yeomanry . . 49 
 
 Northamptonshire Regiment 97 
 Northamptonshire Yeomanry 50 
 North British Fusiliers . . 21 
 North Somerset Yeomanry 47 
 North Staffordshire Regi- 
 ment . . . . . . lOI 
 
 Northumberland Fusiliers . 69 
 Northumberland Hussars. . 52 
 
 Oxfordshire and Bucks Light 
 Infantry . . . . . . 94 
 
 Oxfordshire Yeomanry . . 52 
 
 Palamcottah Light Infantry 117 
 Peninsula Honour . . 25 
 
 Pioneers, I2th, 116; 32nd, 
 6ist, 64th, 117 ; I2ist, 
 
 128th 118 
 
 Poplar and Stepney Rifles 113 
 Post Office Rifles . . . . 112 
 
 Punjabis . . . . 117, 118 
 
 Queen's Bays . . . . 38 
 
 Queen's London Regiment 113 
 Queen's Own . . 99, 107 
 
 Queen's Regiment of Foot 10 
 Queen's Royal Regiment 20 
 
 Pao« 
 Queen's (Royal West Surrey 
 
 Regiment) . . . . 67 
 
 Queen's Westminster Rifles 112 
 Queen Victoria's Rifles . . 112 
 
 Rajput Light Infantry .. 116 
 Rajputs .. .. ..116 
 
 Rangers . . . . . . 112 
 
 Regiment, 3rd, 20 ; 5th, 17 ; 
 6th, 17 ; 7th, 21 ; 8th, 
 17, 21 ; 12th, 24; iSth, 
 
 21 ; 2ist, 21 ; 23rd, 21 ; 
 27th, 21 ; 39th, 24 ; 41st, 
 
 22 ; 56th, 24 ; 58th, 24 
 Regimental Horse .. 17 
 Regulations affecting Colours 
 
 etc. 3 
 
 Rifle Brigade . . ..in 
 
 Rifle Corps Regiment . , 100 
 Rough Riders . . 47, 51 
 
 Royal Regiment . . 10, 17, 20 
 Royal Scots (Lothian Regi- 
 ment) . . . . . . 66 
 
 Sandhurst Military College 123 
 
 79 
 40 
 61-2 
 83 
 49 
 104 
 
 97 
 100 
 
 49. 52 
 74 
 92 
 
 91 
 81 
 52 
 73 
 
 Scots Fusiliers 
 Scots Greys . . 
 Scots Guards 
 Scottish Borderers 
 Scottish Horse 
 Seaforth Highlanders 
 Sherwood Foresters 
 Shropshire Light Infantry 
 Shropshire Yeomanry 
 Somerset Light Infantry . . 
 South Lancashire Regiment 
 South Staffordshire Regi- 
 ment 
 South Wales Borderers . . 
 Staffordshire Yeomanry . . 
 Suffolk Regiment . . 
 
 149 
 
FLAGS OF OUR FIGHTING ARMY 
 
 Suffolk Yeomanry 
 Sussex Regiment 
 Sussex Yeomanry 
 
 Talavera Honour 
 
 Pagb 
 
 52 
 90 
 
 49 
 25 
 
 Wallajahbad Light Infantry 118 
 Warwickshire Regiment . . 69 
 Waterloo, Effect of, on 
 Colours . . . . • • 27 
 
 Waterloo Honour . . . . 25 
 
 Wellington's, Duke of. Regi- 
 ment . . . . . . 86 
 
 Welsh Fusiliers .. 21,80 
 
 Welsh Guards . . . . 63 
 
 Welsh Regiment 92 
 
 Paos 
 
 West India Regiment . . 119 
 West Kent Regiment . . 99 
 West Kent Yeomanry . . 51 
 Westminster Dragoons 47, 50 
 West Riding Regiment . . 86 
 West Yorkshire Regiment 74 
 Wiltshire Regiment . . lOO 
 
 Wiltshire Yeomanry . . 53 
 
 Worcestershire Regiment 84 
 
 York and Lancaster Regi- 
 ment . . . . . . 102 
 
 Yorkshire Dragoons . . 53 
 
 Yorkshire Hussars . . 53 
 
 Yorkshire Light Infantry , 99 
 Yorkshire Regiment . . 77 
 
 Printed in Great Britain by 
 Pike's Fine Art Press, Ltd., Brighton and London. 
 
 150 
 
MEDALS OF 
 OUR FIGHTING MEN 
 
 By STANLEY G. JOHNSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.E.S., 
 
 Author of " Peeps at Postage Stamps," <S:c. 
 Large crown 800, cloth, containing I 6 full-page plates, 4 of them in colour. 
 
 Price 3/6 net 
 
 (By post 3s. I Od.). 
 
 This work is a popular account of the medals which 
 have been awarded to the Navy and Army since their 
 introduction in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. There are 
 twelve chapters, which deal, in turn, with the various classes 
 of medals ; lifty-nine illustrations from photographs, 
 depicting the most noteworthy specimens ; and four coloured 
 plates with representations of sixty-one medal ribbons. 
 The letterpress not only describes the actual medals but 
 gives data concerning the making of medals, the chief medal- 
 lists, the regulations which affect the granting of medals, 
 the circumstances which have influenced such awards, etc. 
 Many Colonial medals and ribbons are described, and there 
 is an interesting appendix which deals with the chief Foreign 
 awards, with special reference to those issued to British 
 officers and men by our Allies. 
 
 SOME PRESS OPINIONS. 
 
 " It is a first-class and very interesting book of reference." — The 
 Guardian. 
 
 " This is a timely book, well compiled and excellently illustrated. 
 Civilians are frequently puzzled to identify ribbons and medals of 
 even recent origin, and how few have any knowledge of the hundreds 
 of awards for service and gallantry, modern and historical, which 
 exist in connection with the two Services. By means of Mr. John- 
 son's compact volume they can learn all that a reasonably well- 
 informed reader need know about these matters. . . . Most 
 people will be glad to possess the volume, and for older boys it will 
 prove an excellent gift book."- — The Bookman. 
 
 " Altogether an invaluable vade mecum on medals." — The Regiment. 
 A. & C. BLACK, Ltd., 4, 5 & 6, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON, W. i. 
 
PEEPS AT 
 
 THE BRITISH ARMY 
 
 By W. G. CLIFFORD, 
 
 Author of " the Ex-Soldier," etc. 
 
 Containing 12 full-page illustrations in colour and 35 line bloch in the 
 text, large crown 800. 
 
 Price 2S. °*<^- 
 
 " This little book . . . tells in a wholly attractive manner the 
 wonderful story of the British Army from the very earliest days to 
 the present time." — United Service Magazine. 
 
 " Tells a wonderful story in bright and attractive style. It is 
 interesting and informative." — Western Mail. 
 
 " In bright and interesting style it tells the wonderful story of the 
 Army touching on many points not usually dealt with m works of 
 the kind . . . Easy to read, anecdotal and descriptive, the 
 volume is just one to place in the hands of those who wish to know 
 more about the Army than can be learned from general reading."— 
 The Guardian. 
 
 PEEPS AT 
 
 THE ROYAL NAVY 
 
 By THE REV. JAMES BAIKIE, F.R.A.S. 
 
 Containing 12 full-page illuitrations in colour, from drawings by 
 Norman Wilkinson, R.B.A., R.I. 
 
 Price 2S* °ct. 
 
 " This small book contains a wonderful amount of information 
 concerning the history of the Royal Navy, from the days of King 
 Alfred the Great to King George V.. and is a book that would appeal 
 to all lovers of naval history. It is essentially for the young, but 
 much could be learned by adults from this interesting volume. — 
 Naval Warrant Officers' Journal. 
 
 " The book will be irresistible to boys who love sea stories, as 
 many of our established heroes figure in its pages." — The 
 
 Schoolmistress. 
 
 Published by 
 A. & C. BLACK, Ltd., 4, 5 & 6, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. W. i. 
 
7 rc 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
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 STAMPED BELOW. 
 
 Series 9482 
 
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