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Time-saving. Labor-saving.
BRIEF LONGHAND:
A
SYSTEM OF LONGHAND CONTRACTIONS,
BY MEANS OF WHICH
THE PRINCIPAL ADVANTAGES OF SHORTHAND ARE SECURED WITH-
OUT RESORT TO STENOGRAPHIC CHARACTERS, AND WITH
PERFECT LEGIBILITY ;
THE WHOLE
WITH
DIRECTIONS FOR CORRECTING THE PRESS,
AND WITH
KEYS TO THE EXERCISES, EMBRACING REMARKS UPON THE MEANS
OF ACQUIRING EASE AND CORRECTNESS IN COMPOSITION, THE
METHOD OF KKEPING A COMMON-PLACE BOOK AND INDEX
RERUM, THE MOST USEFUL MODES OF READING, IM-
PROVEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES, ETC.
TO WHICH AKE ADDBD
BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM,
OONDFOTOE OF THE PHONETIC ACADEMY, NEW YORK ; AND AUTHOR OF THE " EB-
POETBB'8 MAK0A1.," " HAND-BOOK OF BTANDABD PHONOGRAPHY," " A SYSTEM
FOE THE RAPID EXPRESSION OF NUMBERS," ETC.
" To save time is to lengthen life."
NEW YORK:
ANDREW J. GRAHAM, 80 MADISON STREET
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857,
BY ANDREW J. GRAHAM,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Soatbem
District of New York.
IJV COURSE OF PREPARATIOJV,
A SERIES OF
BRIEF LONGHAND READERS
IN THB
SECOND AND THIRD STYLES.
. C> ffi r» • •
Q-7Ch
PREFACE.
The causes that led to the formation of the system of contractions
here presented are stated in subsequent pages. There has been, at least,
an earnest endeavor to make it accord not only mth certain principles
of legibility and speed, which have been thoroughly tested in the best
system of shorthand ever devised, but also with the principles of ab-
breviation (developed in this work) which have heretofore been confi-
H- dently relied upon by the literary public ; and it is felt entirely un-
** necessary to crave for it the lenient exercise of judgment and criticism,
(K since much rigid testing of it by practice has induced the belief that the
Qjz .system will improve in the estimation of writers in the proportion that
09
3 a fw-actical knowledge of it is attained.
There is nothing abstruse pertaining to the system — nothing which
to can not be easily learned and readily reduced to practice. Its three
gg styles are three progressive developments of the same principles — cor-
z responding to three different classes of uses. Each style is amply
~* illustrated ty Exercises, which should be perused till familiarity with
the appearance of words as contracted is attained. This injunction
ji should be faithfully heeded by all who wish to reap the full benefits of
j;^ the systejo. The Exercises, besides serving as exercise in Brief Long-
t« hand, will, perhaps, furnish their readers with useful subjects for
thought. Every reader seeking the means of intellectual improvement
will thankfully accept tlie suggestions of the Exercises entitled, " llow
to Acquire Ease and Correctness in Composition," " Authorship," " Head-
ing to Parpose," aud " Common-Placing." The article on " Mental
Machinery," from the Tribune, is worthy the serious consideration of
every educationist.
448600
IV P K E F A C E .
The chapter treating of Proof-Reading will doubtless be acceptable
to all who have occasion to correct the press. This chapter and the
Table of Common Abbreviations make this treatise a complete work of
reference in respect of all the more general contractions employed in
the language.
Contractions for each special class of subjects may be devised, to any
desirable extent, in accordance with the principles specified in the chap-
ter entitled General P^^inciples of Contraction.
The remarks concerning the abbreviation of the forms of letters will
be found to contain suggestions which may be acted upon, with great
advantage, in the uncontracted style of writing.
That this work may conspire with other causes in giving the human
race opportunities for Spiritual Culture, and for the attainment of that
rare, but desirable. Spiritual Freedom so beautifully described in the
remarks quoted in this work from the writings of the noble and sweet-
minded Channing, is the earnest prayer of
THE AUTHOR.
Phonetic Dbpot, New Toek, Jime, 1857
INDEX.
Note.— Tlte figures refer to the page. Ap. = Appendix.
Abbreviated Letters 66
Abbreviations, Common, Table of 50
Advantages of Knowledge 24
Affix-Signs, List of 88
Angelo, Michael, Anecdote of 26
Authorship 44
Autobiography, Uses o£ 70
Cautions 18, 50
Common Abbreviations, Table of 50
Common Placing, Directions for 41
Composition, Ho w to Acquire Ease and Correctness in 14
Contractions, Common, Table of 60
Contractions for Theological "Writers 49
Contractions, General Principles of 22
Contractions, Special 49
DonatcUo's Statue of St. George 25
Elision 11
Elision, Lengthened Mark of 66
Eloquence, True, Nature o£ 86
Exercises, Use of. 18
" in the First Style 14-16
" in the Third Style 63
" on Affix and Prefix Signs 86
" on Word-Signs of Second Style 24
" in Phraseography 44
Extract from Bacon 64
" " Bulwer 14
" " Channing 15
« " Ed.Phon.Int 41
" " Everett. 29
" " George Herbert. 74
« " Irving 80
" " Landor 15
(< « "MagicStaff" 70
" " New York Tribune 64
" " Phonetic Journal 87
" " Eev. f homas Binney 15, 44
« « E.Hall 24
VI INDEX.
Extraet from Seneca K
" « Webster 86
Fortitnde of Woman under Beveraes of Fortune 80
Freedom, Spiritual 15
Genius 14
How to Acquire Ease and Ck>rrectne88 In Composition 14
Index Berum, How to Keep an 42
Introduction T
Knowledge, Advantageg of 24
Labor, Man Made for • 29
Learning 14
Letters, Abbreviation of. 66
-L-ty, Mode of Indicating 85
" Magic Staff," Extract from 70
Man a Microcosm 74
Man Made for Labcu: 29
Mental Machinery 64
Michael Angelo, Anecdote of 25
Nature of True Eloquence 86
Omission of Vowels 23
Omission of Vowels in Third Style 61
Omission of Silent Consonants. 61
Phonetic Alphabet Ap.
Phonography and its Uses. Ap.
Phonotypy 64
Phonotypy, Specimen of Ap.
Plurals and Possessives. 13
Preflx-Signs, List of 81
Principles of Contraction 22
Proof Beading, Minute Directions for 67
Progress 15
Beading to Purpose 87
-B-ty, Mode of Indicating 85
Sayings of Seneca 68
Second Style, Characteristics of 17
" " Word-Signs of 17
" " Sign-Words of 20
Sign- Affixes, List of 85
Bign-Preflxes, List of 88
Special Contractions 49
Spiritual Freedom 15
Studies 68
Table of Common Abbreviations 50
Third Style 61
" " Uses and Characteristics of 61
" " Exercises in 68-76
Types, Different Kinds of. 69
Uses of Autobiography 70
Vowels, Omission of ; 23
Woman, Fortitude of, under Eeverses of Fortune 80
Word-Signs used for Prefixes and Afl^es 18
INTRODUCTION.
" Who that 18 much in the habit of writing, has not often wished for some means
of expressing by two or three dashes of the pen, that which, as things arc, it requires
such an expenditure of time and labor to commit to paper ? Our present mode of
communication must be felt to be cumbersome in the last degree, unworthy of these
days of invention. "We require some means of bringing the operations of the mind,
and of the hand, into closer correspondence."— ^ftfiriwA. Jieview.
The system of phonetic shorthand furnishes the means of bringing the
operations of the hand into complete correspondence with the most rapid
operations of the mind in composition ; and it is to be hoped that the
same laws of economy which have given the world the blessings of the
railroad, telegraph, steam printing presses, and various other time and
labor savers, will in due season confer upon the literary and commercial
world the numerous advantages of phonetic shorthand or phonography.
Let the public be made fully aware of the benefits of this system as a
time and labor saver in writing, as a facility in attaining an education,
as an assistance in acquiring a beautifully accurate pronunciation of the
English language and in overcoming the various defects of articulation,
and as a means of pecuniary success for thousands of young men and
women who thoroughly acquire it, and ere long it will be made a branch
of study in all our schools, or, in this case, the same motives and reasons
will not prevail which constantly induce progress in every other respect.
As compared with phonography, the present mode of writing results in
the waste of four fifths of the vast amount of time and labor devoted to
its use. Give the thought and energy wasted by the common longhand
the time that would be saved by the use of phonetic shorthand, and the
world would receive for its investment a rich reward in the way of thought
embodied in books and all kinds of inventions. In the mean time each
one who can, from other immediate demands upon his attention, afford
the necessary time for the acquisition of phonography, will find himself
involuntarily assisting in the prevalence of that art by the praises he
will be compelled to give it for the benefits it will bestow upon him in
numerous ways. Those who can not afford so great an advantage, should
not fail to do the next best thing — learn brief longhand.
Vm INTRODUCTION.
IRKSOMENESS OF LONGHAND.
Nothing can be more unnecessary than to dilate upon the tediousness
of the unabbreviated longhand writing. That it is exceedingly irksome
is one of the firmest kind of convictions of every writer who has used it
to any considerable extent. That its cumbersomeness should have led to
the devising of numerous systems of shorthand affords no ground for
astonishment ; neither can it surprise the initiated that it has led to the
extensive practice of sleights of (long) hand which are oftentimes wholly
incomprehensible even by those who impose them upon the public. It is
only surprising that, inasmuch as most longhand writers resort to various
devices to save labor, some one should not sooner have offered the public
a practical system of contractions and expedients, which would make a
saving possible where it is most needed, and enable the economy of con-
traction to be availed of to a much larger extent than heretofore by se-
curing uniformity of practice.
ORIGIN OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF BRIEF LONGHAND.
The present essay at a practical system of abbreviated longhand is due
to the fact that the Author, during a long course of reporting, has used
the common longhand to an enormous extent iu cases where a great
amount of life-exhausting labor might have been saved, could he have
employed a series of contractions, such as he now presents.
That his method is practical he confidently tnists, because it is devised
with strict reference to the principles which have been thoroughly ap-
proved by extensive practice in the system of phonetic shorthand which
he has employed in his profession of reporting ; and because the system
has undergone the test of several months' use, with a determination on
the part of the Author to seek out and remove every discoverable defect.
The motives which induced him to publish the present treatise were
stated in Vol. I. of the Phonographic Intelligencer, from which the fol-
lowing paragraph is extracted :
" Acting upon St. Paul's plan of being as a Jew to the Jews, as a
Roman to the Romans — of being all things to all men in order to save
some; while to phonographers we become as a phonographer, in order to
gain those who are under phonetic law, we have bean preparing to
become as a Roman to the Romans— those without the knowledge of
phonetics — in order that we may gain them also. While we have pre-
pared the Iland-Book of Standard Phonograpliy for phonographers and
those who, when apprised of the benefits of phonography, are willing to
undertake the requisite labor for its acquisition, we have been devising
a system of longhand contractions and expedients for the use of those
•who are not aware of the advantages of phonography, or who, from want
I N T K O D U C T I di^^'^ * ix
of time or from disinclination, are unwilling to study it. It is to be
hoped, however, that by the exertions of phonographers, the entire com-
munity will be brought to fully appreciate the advantages of phonetic
shorthand ; that it will be taught in our schools ; and that a knowledge
of it will be considered an indispensable part of education. But that
some do not, or wUl not, understand and enjoy the benefits of our favor-
ite art is not sufficient reason for leaving them to the waste of time and
energy consequent upon the use of the unabbreviated longhand. For
such we would provide a system of longhand contractions and expedients,
believing that we should confer a blessing upon our race just to the ex-
tent that we saved it from an unnecessary waste of time and effort. A
great time and labor saving invention, like the steam-engine or telegraph,
is equal, in the history of the race, to the growth and progress of a cen-
tury ; and all economizers of time and labor should be accepted as bless-
ings, whether they come up to our standard or not ; and if the public
will not use the best time-saver in writing, they should be allowed to
employ the one to which they are inclined by their prejudices, necessities,
tastes, or habits."
OF THE DIFFERENT STYLES OF BRIEF LONGHAND, AND THEIR SAVING.
From a careful estimate, it appears that by the use of the Second Style
of abbreviated longhand a saving of more than thirty per cent, is effected.
A saving of ten per cent, is secured by the use of ten of the contractions
of the First Style. The use of the contractions and principles of con-
tractions, of the Third Style, results in a saving of fifty per cent. ; and
yet the legibility is so slightly impaired by judicious contractions, that
even the Second Style may be read with ease after a very few minutes'
study. A manuscript in the Second Style was read at sight by a young
lad, a " reader" in the office where this work is stereotyped. The First
Style, which makes a saving of more than fifteen per cent., may be used,
without endangering legibility, in all ordinary correspondence ; and the
Second Style may be employed, with as much safety as the unabbreviated
style, in all correspondence between persons acquainted with the system;
and so legible is it, that printers will ill deserve the vast amount of busi-
ness they owe the literary world, if they should refuse to authors the
privilege of employing this style in their " copy." The Third Style is
designed for use in all cases where legibility is secondary to the saving
of time and labor ; as in copying letters ; in making abstracts of, and
quotations from, works read ; in rough-sketching business and literary
papers, and in taking notes of testimony, lectures, sermons, etc.
USES OF BRIEF LONGHAND FOR EDITORS AND BEPORTERS.
If the compositors employed on newspapers were acquainted with the
X INTEODTJCTION.
Second Style of brief longhand, a large amount of all the labor now re-
quired in the way of editing, and reporting for, a newspaper might be
saved ; and it is doubted that any serious difficulty will be experienced
in availing of this economy. Every intelligent compositor would will-
ingly accede to a request to set from abbreviated " copy ;" and little re-
gard should be had for that stupid compositor who would be so unjust as
to require that a corps of editors and reporters should be burthened with
one third more of mere manual drudgery than is necessary rather than
that he should make a slight intellectual eflfort for the acquisition of the
principles of abbreviated longhand. Reporters especially should not be
content till they are permitted to avail themselves of so reasonable a
means of lessening the excessive burthen of their profession as the em-
ployment of brief longhand in transcribing their reports. K this priv-
ilege should not be conceded at once to them, — perhaps, in due time, com-
positors will learn how much better it would be to set from plainly
written abbreviations than from the illegible writing to which reporters
must oftentimes be compelled to resort.
USES OF BRIEF LONGHAND WITH RESPECT TO PHONOGRAPHY.
It is not intended that this system of contractions shall conflict with,
or supplant, phonography. On the other hand it is expected that it will
prove valuable to phonographers in saving them, to a considerable extent,
from the drudgery of longhand writing in all cases where its use is
necessary. Moreover, brief longhand, by accustoming the public to
stenographic principles, and showing their value in economizing time and
labor, will induce a state of affairs which will powerfully favor the gen-
eral introduction of phonetic shorthand, which is nearly as legible as
print, and whose use will effect a saving of eighty per cent, of the time
and labor required with the employment of unabbreviated longhand.
For these reasons phonographers are invited to aid in extending a knowl-
edge of brief longhand wherever a reception of phonography can not be
secured. Perhaps it will not be inexpedient for phonographic teachers
to consider how they may make brief longhand contribute to the success
of their efforts in behalf of phonetic writing and printing.
BRIEF LONGHAND.
FIRST, OR CORRESPONDING, STYLE.
§ 1 . Word- Sign, Sign- Word. — The contractions employed in Brief
Longhand are denominated Word-Signs, while the words represented by
them are called Sign- Words. For is a sign-word, and /, the letter em-
ployed for it, is a word-sign.
§ 2. The Mark of Elision is a light horizontal stroke (-). For the
purpose of distinction, the hyphen, in writing, should be made double ;
thus =.
Kem. 1. For convenience of speech the mark of omission may be called the Elision,
just as we apply the term Apostrophe to the mark (') used to indicate an apostrophe,
or the omission of a letter.
§ 3. In the lists of word-signs, a word is occasionally printed with a
hyphen, thus, be-en; with a double letter; thus, ha'^^; or, vdth both a
hyphen aud double letters ; thus no-*^ ; to intimate that the correspond-
ing word-signs represent An
4)rincipal . . . .pr
principle . . . .pr
query qy
question . . . .Q,.ot qn
quite q
R.
regular reg
I remark rem
represent. . . .rep
representa-
tion repn
representativerep»
S.
said sd
several sev
shall sh
shorthand . . .shh
should sd
so «-
some sm
something . . . smng
subject sbj
subjection . . .sbjn
T.
.tt
.thr
.th
.thr
.th'
.th
that . . .
the ... .
their . . .
them . .
there. .
these .
they . .
they are .... thr
thing ng
this ths
those th"
though tho
thought tht
through thr
throughout . . thrt
thus ', carelessly. See Rem. U,
d"" ment-al : treat"", treatment ; detri™, detriment-al.
d "" -mentality : instru ■", instrumentality. See § 20.
d» ness : busi", business ; happi", happiness.
d" over : mr*" or m", moreover ; run", run over. See Rem. 3.
d» self: m", myself; -r', ourself ; h% himself.
d* sive, some : eva% evasive; abu', abusive ; irk% irksome. See
Rem. 12,
d"' ship : friend*'', friendship ; fellow"'', fellowship.
d«» selves : -r'», ourselves ; th«', themselves.
d"' soever : w»^, whosoever ; wnce«^, whencesoever,
d' tive : indica*, indicative ; moS motive.
td ted : unitd, united. See Rem. 13.
d* with : forth"', forthwith.
Eem. 1. Other terminations may be contracted in accordance with the general
principles of contraction previously explained. Elevated ol may be employed for
■ology, •ological; elevated og, for -ography, -ographical ; and elevated o«, for
-osaphy, -nsophicul.
Rem. 2. One affix-sign may be added to another, as in writing no'"", noblene'S.
Eem. 3. The "superior" dot for ing may be regarded as the dot of the first letter
of the termination. The circle for ing% is distinguished from the "superior" o for
over by being disjoined, and being without a joining stroke at the right-hand
Bide.
Rem. 4. When preferred, itigs, tion, elan, sion may be written respectively ngs,
tn, en, sn ; thus, ' dng,' doing ; ' dngs,' doings ; ' natn,' nation ; ' pbyaicn,' physician ;
* visn,' vision.
Rem. 5. All the affix-signs (except d', d°, d') should be joined to the preceding
part of the word, especially if the writer employs the method explained in § 20.
Rem. 6. A slight saving is effected by writing the sign for tioji, sion, as a grave
accent over a preceding i ,• thus, ri, instead of ci, for vUion.
Rem. 7. In writing, ty may be denoted by a long line, struck, in the direction of an
acute accent ('), from the termination of the preceding letter. This line, for dis-
SECOND STYLE.
35
tinction's sake, should be made longer than the ordinary strokes joining an a£Bx.
Other affix-signs may be joined to it.
Rem. 8. Ant is written with an elevated a of the ordinary size ; it should be made
of the same form, but larger, for ance, ancy. In print, the distinction is noted by
employing a small capital superior for the larger a. If it is feared that uncertainty
would result in employing the same sign for ance and ancy, elevated ay may be
used for the latter.
Eem. 9. Ence is distinguished from ent by employing for the latter an elevated e,
and for the former a variation of this letter, namely e (denoted in print by a superior
small capital e). In case it is deemed desirable to have distinct signs for ent and
ency, elevated ey may be employed for the latter. No confusion results from the
employment of a " superior" e in the sign for tlieee.
Eem. 10. For^e, instead of being written by an elevated letter, may be ■written on
the line, in accordance with the principle mentioned in § 6.
Eem. It. The termination ly is sufficiently distinct when written thus : -f
Eem. 12. No confusion results from employing an elevated « for three different
terminations : self, sive, anme.
Ee-m. 13. A slight saving is made by writing !^p for the sign (td) of the termina-
tion, ted. The connecting stroke may be omitted when not required for joining a
following letter.
§ 20. Lty, rty. — (a) Lty or rty, with any vowel following the I or r,
may be indicated by elevating and disjoining a preceding letter — usu-
ally a preceding consonant-letter ; thus, pros i':=prosperity , princi p=prin-
cipality, for ™=formality, pri "=priority, cor ^ or cordi "^cordiality.
(6) An m may be elevated and disjoined for mentality as well as mality.
(c) In printing, a space before an affix-letter serves to indicate that it
should not be joined to the preceding part of the word. See § 19, Rem. 5.
§ 21. LIST OF SIGN-AFFIXES.
(^For the use of the Writer.)
ance d* See § 19, Eem. 8.
ant da
ancy d* or day. § 19, £em. 8.
ble (bly) db
bleness
..dbn
cal
..dc
cian=shn .
..d-
cle
..dc
dom
..d
head
..dt.
hood
..dh
in
..di.
§6.
mg
..d-
mgs
..d^
kind
..d*
less di
lessness din
lty 8ee§20.
ly lyordiy. § 19, Eem. IL
ment-al dm
mentality d >n . § 20.
ness da
over do. §19, Eem. 3.
rty Sec §20.
self d». §19, Eem. 12.
selves dsa
ship dsh
8ion=8hn.. ..d'
sive dx. §19, Eem. 12.
soever d'fv
some ds. § 19, Eem. 12.
ted td. §19,Eem.l3.
tlve dt
ty d'. §19, Eem. 7.
with dw
36 BEIEF LONGHAND.
§ 22. EXERCISES.
(1.) THE NATURE OF TRUE ELOQUENCE.
Wn pb bodies r t b addressd -n mmnts occa's, wn grt 'sts r -t stke, &
Btrng pa's r xcitd, nng s vP i spch farthr than i s ''ectd w hgh intUctl &
mrl endw™'. Clear", force, & earnst", r e ql'^ wh prdce '^^vic'. True
elq*^, indd, ds n '"sst i spch ; i c n b brght fr far : Ibr & b-n* m toil f i,
bt th 1 toil f i i vain : wrds & phrases m b marshld i ey way, bt th c
n <^ass i. I mst xLst i e man ; i e sbj, & i e coca'. AfFctd pa\ intns
expre% e pomp v dclma^ 1 m aspire aft i ; th c n reach i. I cms, -f i
cms -t -1, Ike e -tbrk- v a fntn fr e earth, o e burst' frth t vlcnc fires, w
spntns, orig, na' force. E grces tght i e schls, e cstly orn™», & studd
ct.riyA8 Y spch, shck & ''gst men, wn thr own Ives, & e fte v thr wves, thr
chdn, & thr '^try, hang -n e dci' v e hr. Then, wrds h 1st thr pwr ;
rhtrc s vain ; & -1 elabrte ortry '^tmpt''. Even genius i% then, feels rbked
& sbdued, z i e pres'' v hghr ql'*. Then, ptrtsm s elq^ : then ^dvo' s elq*.
E clear ""cep', -trun* e dduc^s v logic ; e hgh prps, e frm rslv ; e dnt' sprt,
speak" fr e tngue, beam* fr e eye, inform* ey featr, urg- e whole man
-nwd, rght -nwd, t s obj — ths, tha s elq= ; o rthr i s smng grtr & hghr
than -1 elq" : i s ac' : no*", sblime, G-lke ac\ — Webster
KEY. — THE NATURE OF TRUE ELOQUENCE.
When public bodies are to be addressed on momentous occasions, when
great interests are at stake, and strong passions are excited, nothing is
valuable in speech farther than it is connected with high intellectual
and moral endowments. Clearness, force, and earnestness are the qual-
ities which produce conviction. True eloquence, indeed, does not con-
sist in speech ; it can not be brought from far : labor and learning may
toil for it, but they will toil for it in vain : words and phrases may be
marshaled in every way, but they can not compass it. It must exist in
the man, in the subject, and in the occasion. Affected passion, intense
expression, the pomp of declamation — all may aspire after it ; they can
not reach it. It comes, if it comes at all, like the outbreaking of a fount-
ain from the earth, or the bursting forth of voicanic fires, with spon-
taneous, original, native force. The graces taught in the schools, the
costly ornaments, and studied contrivances of speech, shock and disgust
men, when their own lives, and the fate of their wives, their children,
and their country hang on the decision of the hour. Then, words have
lost their power, rhetoric is vain, and all elaborate oratory contemptible.
Even genius itself, then, feels rebuked and subdued, as in the presence
of higher qualities. Then, patriotism is eloquent : then self-devotion is
SECOND STYLE. 37
eloquent. The clear conception, outrunning the deductions of logic ; the
high purpose ; the firm resolve ; the dauntless spirit, speaking from the
tongue, beaming from the eye, informing every feature, urging the
whole man onward, right onward, to his object — this, this is eloquence ;
or rather it is something greater and higher than all eloquence : it is
action : noble, sublime, God-like action. — Webster.
(2.) READING TO PUKPOSE.
(a) E habt v desltry read", "t aim o prps, furthr than mere excita^ &
amuse"', s a cstm wh c n b too strensly avoidd. Unsystmtc mntl dietetcs
r z hurtf t e mind z unregltd eat- & drink* r t e body, & 1 end i g- t e
intllct a Ight & frivls chrc, incap'' v ny prlngd o heavy xer\ -L men w- h
attaind t ny real o permn" posi' i science o litrtr, o h b a'' succssfly t grasp
& mange e impt qns v thr tme, h b men w- h read & studd w prps,^ & mde
-1 e facts & incid** wh fell bnth thr notce, bend & sbsrv thr dsgns. {b)
I s a prvail' vice wh mch v e cheap jmlsm v e day encrges, t disspte e
mind -n a indfnt vri' v sbjs, & waste is enrgs -n e '"tmpla" v pet' & ''ectd
fcts. W wd n b "std z urg* pn ny man a abnga* v e prst v gl k, f dvo' t
a sing science. E mind rqrs chnge & rlxa", even z e bdy ds ; hence e use
V fie", poetry, & ancdte, i wh e faggd tht m bguile i* w dlghts, & rtrn t
is cstmry & mr prosaic Ibrs w recreatd enrgs. (c) Ths s -1 needf, & i
wd b z silly z i wd b use' f u t attmpt t dscrge o brand z sinf (z sm h d)
forms V litrtr wh unvrsl hstry & xpr^ prove t b z necssry & ntrl t man
z fun & frolc r t chdn. -L w wd prtest agnst s e sole dvo^ v e mind, i
leisure hrs, t tt Ight & ""ectd read- i wh s- mny peopl indlge, t e emn"
detri"' v -1 solid tht, solid prps, & solid use.
{(I) Gl read-, m", s n t b ''dmnd f mny reasns. E one-idead man, Ike
e mthmt^ w- objd t Pardse Lst be i proved nng, s a <^tnl source v ""^^frt t
-1 gd & genl society. Limita' t one range v bks, Ike •"fine™ t one Ittl co-
terie T simlr opnns, assurdly breeds narrow" v sprt, xcl""', & ''tmpt v
oth men & ngs. I s hrdly possi'^ t meet a man w catholic tstes & sym-
pths, w- h n opnd s mind t a free & librl 'course w -1 parties & see's v
tr. Bt 't mke sch wde 'course profit'', t prvent ''trac\ & a weak & silly
latitudinarnsm, i s ncssry tt sm end & ultmte use sd -Iways b kpt bf e
mind i is prst v k. (e) Tt tht sd b pild -n tht, fct -n fct, till e mmry
bcm Ike a storehouse groan- bnth is wght v plnty, & tt -1 ths mntl acqsi
sd rmain unused & unapproprtd, s indd jstfia'' -n n grounds v ws** o
analogy. I wd b eqlly sens'' t sow corn & leave i t rot unreapd, o t eat
& drnk, & apply e bdily strngth ths acqrd t n species v Ibr. (/) Yt tha
8 wt w see d ey day i intllctl surft- t n benefcl prps, & f n ''ceiv'' end,
furthr than e mere dlglit v e indlg"*, -Iways end- i e produc' v e sme un-
hlthy plethra v mind, wh eat" f e ske v eat-, & drnk- f e ske v drnk-,
prdces i e bdy. Sch mntl gl ttny ey wse man sd rpress. I s a evil wh
44SG00
38 BEIEP LONGHAND.
grows w indlg", & oftn termntes i indue a totl """cep" v e true dsgn v
mntl cltr.
(g) E methodiza^ v one's read s a point t wh -1 sd attnd w- r dsirous
V elicit' e fullst use fr books. I anci"= & modrn tmes w fnd men w- nev
opnd a authr *t pen i hand, t b ready t note dwn ny ptr fct, o turn v
xpre\ wh seemd t th wrthy v presrva\ (A) Southey, ws litrry attn">»
wr eql t ths v ny man v s day, kpt a '^on-plce bk i wh h mde xtracts fr
wtv bk h prused. E eldr Pliny nev trayld *'t t^eni^' f mk- mmrnda fr
e bks h -Iways carrd w hm ; & Brutus, e nght bf e battl v Pharsalia,
wh w t dcide s earthly destny f ev, w found i s tent read- sm fvrt authr,
& mk- notes, (z) Th" inst*", wh mt b xtndd t embrce sm v e choicst
nmes i bi°« (biography), prove e use & ncess' thr s f smng mr than e
mere cursry read' v bks, & e need thr s f maintain* a recrd v -r litrry
journy°. Sch a narr', t a atten' stud'', wd indd form a diary v e pleas"''
(pleasantest) & mst prft** kd, & one wh, -f thtfly & crefly 'pild, cd b
rfrrd t i futr yrs w e utmst dlght, z a rfreshr t e memry, & a testmny
t e it« V s intllctl prgre\ (J) H 1 see hw s tste h mpd i e course v yrs ;
h 1 wondr, -n rfrr- t sm wrk, -t wt h hd notd, & wt, wr h read- i agn,
h wd n now note ; & h 1 fnd proof, i a thsnd ways, tt hsnzhw; &tt
tme h n brght a tithe v e chnge t s bdy tt i h t s soul.
{k) E grt obst"^ t ths free use v e pen i 'scrib- fr bks, s e vast Ibr i
involvs. I s -1 vy well, sm m say, f e std« w- h days v quiet leisure bf
hm, t wrk thus, but I, w- h only a few hrs ea day f stdy, c n b xpctd
t dvote evn one hr t e 'scrp^ v e gems I m '"^ter i m rsrch. I ths objn, i
o n b dnied, thr s mch wght. (/) Here, then, w see one v e highst uses
wh ph shh [o brf Ih] s destnd t achieve. W h ey reasn t blieve, fr e
brght educa'al prspcts wh r dawn- pn u, tt e amt v read- i e presnt day
s bt a faint indx v wt i 1 b i e futr. Hw dsir'', then, i s tt ey fa <= sd b
prvidd f e xtrac' v e grtst possi*" gd fr ths vast intllctl Ibr. Wn peopl r
abl t write [twice z fast b brf Ih z th c b e unabbreviatd Ih, o] z fast
z th speak [z th m b e use v ph shh], ey apprentice & work- man 1 h z
gd a oppt t keep s "^n-plce bk, & Index Rerum, z e std'= w e fullst leisure ;
& thr' regstr e best & mst strik- thts v th" w wm h h mde acqntncc, &
th° fcts & incd'» wh, cm- bf hm i e evanesc'' forms v e newsppr & magzn,
uni recrdd i ths mannr, pass fr hm f ev. Sch, w blieve, s n daydream,
bt a grt fct i course v realiza\ & one wh hndrds i Eng & Amer cd, b thr
own persnl xprnce, bear wit" t.
(m) W sincerely dsire tt mny w- h e means v "^nicat* impulses t th"
crwds v thtfl & earnst yng men & womn w- thrng -r lectr- rooms, -r
Athenaeums, & Mechnc's Institu's, wd urge pn th e advgs wh wd accrue
t th", wr th t dvote a few hrs daily t e tme-sav art v Phn [o brf Ih],
z a means rb th mt gathr tg e rsulta v -1 thr read-, cltvte habts v attn%
& lis pn e mcmry thts, fcts, & fancies, wh wd othwse prove fleet- & un-
SECOND STYLE. 39
Bta''; & i aft yrs, vm wntd f sm prps v illstra^ e trchrs mmry fails t
supply e ref wh u wser mange™ mt easily h b prsrvd. — Phonetic Journal.
KEY. READING TO PURPOSE.
(a) The habit of desultory reading, without aim or purpose, further
than mere excitation and amusement, is a custom which can not be too
strenuously avoided. Unsystematic mental dietetics are as hurtful to
the mind as unregulated eating and drinking are to the body, and will
end in giving to the intellect a light and frivolous character, incapable
of any prolonged or heavy exertion. All men who have attained to any
real or permanent position in science or literature, or have been able
successfully to grasp or manage the important questions of their time,
have been men who have read and studied with purpose, and made all
the facts and incidents which fell beneath their notice, bend and sub-
serve their designs, (b) It is a prevailing vice which much of the cheap
journalism of the day encourages, to dissipate the mind on an indefinite
variety of subjects, and waste its energies on the contemplation of petty
and disconnected facts. We would not be understood as urging upon
any man an abnegation of the pursuit of general knowledge, for devotion
to a single science. The mind requires change and relaxation, even as
the body does ; hence the use of fiction, poetry, and anecdote, in which
the fagged thought may beguile itself with delights, and return to ita
customary and more prosaic labors with recreated energies, (c) This
is all needful, and it would be as silly as it would be useless for us to
attempt to discourage or brand as sinful (as some have done) forms of
literature which universal history and experience prove to be as neces-
sary and natural to man as fun and frolic are to children. All we
would protest against is the sole devotion of the mind, in leisure hours,
to that light and unconnected reading in which so many people indulge,
to the eminent detriment of all solid thought, solid purpose, and solid
use.
(rf) General reading, moreover, is not to be condemned for many
reasons. The one-idead man, like the mathematician who objected to
Paradise Lost because it proved nothing, is a continual source of dis-
comfort to all good and genial society. Limitation to one range of books,
like confinement to one little coterie of similar opinions, assuredly breeds
narrowness of spirit, exclusiveness, and contempt of other men and other
things. It is hardly possible to meet a man with catholic tastes and
sympathies, who has not opened his mind to a free and liberal inter-
course with all parties and sections of truth. But to make such vride
intercourse profitable, to prevent distraction, and a weak and silly lati-
tudinarianism, it is necessary that some end and ultimate use should
always be kept before the mind in its pursuit of knowledge, (c) That
40 BRIEF LONGHAND.
thought should be piled on thought, fact on fact, till the memory be-
come like a storehouse groaning beneath its weight of plenty, and that
all this mental acquisition should remain unused and unappropriated,
is indeed justifiable on no grounds of wisdom or analogy. It would be
equally sensible to sow corn and leave it to rot unreaped, or to eat and
drink, and apply the bodily strength thus acquired to no species of labor.
(/) Yet this is what we see done every day in intellectual surfeiting to
no beneficial purpose, and for no conceivable end, further than the mere
delight of the indulgence, always ending in the production of the same
unhealthy plethora of mind, which eating for the sake of eating, and
drinking for the sake of drinking, produces in the body Such mental
gluttony every wise man should repress. It is an evil which grows with
indulgence, and often terminates in inducing a total misconception of the
true design of mental culture.
(§■) The methodization of one's reading is a point to which all should
attend who are desirous of eliciting the fullest use from books. In an-
cient and modern times we find men who never opened an author with-
out-pen in hand, to be ready to note down any particular fact, or turn
of expression, which seemed to them worthy of preservation, (/i) Southey,
whose literary attainments were equal to those of any man of his day,
kept a commonplace-book in which he made extracts from whatever book
he perused. The elder Pliny never traveled without conveniences for
making memoranda from the books he always carried with him ; and
Brutus, the night before the battle of Pharsalia, which was to decide
his earthly destiny forever, was found in his tent reading some favorite
author, and making notes, (i) These instances, which might be ex-
tended to embrace some of the choicest names in biography, prove the
use and necessity there is for something more than the mere cursory
reading of books, and the need there is for maintaining a record of our
literary joumeyings. Such a narrative, to an attentive student, would
indeed form a diary of the pleasantest and most profitable kind, and one
which, if thoughtfully and carefully compiled, could be referred to in
future years with the utmost delight, as a refresher to the memory, and
a testimony to the extent of his intellectual progression. ( /) He will
see how his taste has improved in the course of years ; he will wonder,
on referring to some work, at what he had noted, and what, were he
reading it again, he would not now note ; and he will find proof, in a
thousand ways, that he is not as he was, and that time has not brought
a tithe of the change to his body that it has to his soul.
(A) The great obstacle to this free use of the pen in transcribing from
books, is the vast labor it involves. It is all very well, some may say,
for the student who has days of quiet leisure before him to work thus,
but I, who have only a few hours each day for study, can not be ex-
SECOND STYLE. 41
pected to devote even one hour to the transcription of the gems I may
encounter in my research. In this objection, it can not be denied, there
is much weight, (l) Here, then, we s'ee one of the highest uses which
phonetic shorthand [or brief longhand] is destined to achieve. We hiive
every reason to believe, from the bright educational prospects which are
dawning upon us, that the amount of reading in the present day is but
a faint index of what it will be in the future. How desirable, then, it is
that every facility should be provided for the extraction of the greatest
possible good from this vast intellectual labor. AVhen people are able
to write [twice as fast by brief longhand as by the unabbreviated
longhand, or] as fast as they speak [as they may by the use of
phonetic shorthand], every apprentice and working man will have as
good an opportunity to keep his commonplace-book, and Index Rerum,
as the student with the fullest leisure ; and therein register the best and
most striking thoughts of those with whom he has made acquaintance,
and those facts and incidents which, coming before him in the evanes-
cent forms of the newspaper and magazine, unless recorded in this man-
ner, pass from him forever. Such, we believe, is no daydream, but a
great fact in course of realization, and one which hundreds, in En-
gland and America, could, by their own personal expei'ience, bear wit-
ness to.
(Hi) We sincerely desire that many who have the means of communi-
cating impulses to those crowds of thoughtful and earnest young men
and women who throng our lecture-rooms, our Athenaeums, and Me-
chanics' Institutions, would urge upon them the advantages which would
accrue to themselves, were they to devote a few hours daily to the ac-
quisition of the time-saving art of Phonography [or brief longhand],
as a means whereby they miglit gather together the results of all their
reading, cultivate habits of attention, and fix upon the memory thoughts,
facts, and fancies which would otherwise prove fleeting and unstable ;
and in after years, when wanted for some purpose of illu9» ration, the
treacherous memory fails to supply the reference which under wiser
management might easily have been preserved. — Phonetic Journal.
(3.) COMMON-PLACIIVG.
(a) E prctce v '"n-plac h b s oftn "^endd z t h bcm weU-ngh unvrsl, hd
i n b tt e irk"" v e v e mmry t rtain, f ny ''sdr'' Ingth v tme, e sbst^ v -r read*,
enfrces pn e attn' v ey read* & thnk* person e dsir'"' v 'n-plac' ; bt rea-
42 BEIEF LONGHAND.
sns V ths kd d n avail i favr v e practce agnst e tire'" v Ih writ' ; bt a
hope Di b ^taind tt e use v '^n-plac- 1 b mtrlly increasd w e use v brf Ih
(wh saves, crd t e style employed, fr 15 t 20 pr ct. v e tme & Ibr v
writ"), owe use v ph sh (wh saves 80 pr ct. v e tme «Si Ibr rqrd b e
unabbrvtd Ih).
{b) A few rmrks z t e mode v "^n-plac m prove accpt'' t th" wish- t
avail th"" v is benfts :
(c) Wn y meet i y nwsppr, mag, o oth wrks wh y d n xpct t prsrv,
nyng wh y thnk 1 b usef f futr iise, cpy i, i full o i part, w a suita""
head*, it y <^ii-plce bk. I s n ptrly dsir'' tt e xtrcts sd b arrnged, crd t
thr sbjs, i difr" por's v y bk. E bettr mode s t fill p e pages i thr ordr,
& dpnd pn a indx f e clssifica' v e xtrcts. I s usUy bst t dfer indx- tU
sev pages h b fiUd w xcerpts, wn one o mr notes v ea xtrct sd b mde i e
indx, a cross, o prllel lines, b' plced i e margn v ea xtrct t dnote tt i h
b " posted," z i wr, o entrd i e indx.
(
True, hv, twtlli -Iry sd, I adhere tm formr state"', 1 spite vlttlhnw
4d- BRIEF LONGHAND.
adyncd ; &Ibeg t rpeat i' ao form. Let ib "std, then, tt mny clss"^ schlrs
wdbnnge worse, bt srang vymche "trry, fsm tolrbly Ing &lborious
study vrown writrs, wa spcfc view tthr writ' English — thr purpst
attn va thrghly gd Englsh style. I bliev, m», tt none vr grt &''tng
men, w- dazzl o chrm, soothe o captvte, be pwr, splndr, o grces vthr
die' — none v th wd ev h writtn zthd, -fthhdb "^t" wwtthcdnhelp —
■fftwforcd it, cme tth, ze unavoid'' rsult vthr train- &educa\ Dpnd
pni, wtve Irn- vrgrt authrs, thbcme grt, z Englsh writrs, b stdy
&toil ; b mak' e style i wh th wr t write, e obj -t once v effrt &ambi' ; g-
— till th attaind smng Ike wt th sought, o found -t wt th cd d — thr days
&nghts te Ibr &e luxry. T sch men i wd b both.
KEY. AUTHORSHIP.
{From a lecture by the Rev. Thomas Binney.)
(a) On an occasion like this, and considering who they are whom I
am anxious to serve, I think it proper to make the statement, and to
affirm and insist upon the fact, that it is quite possible for one who is a
mere English scholar to write well, — with force, purity, eloquence, and
effect. I have the highest idea of the importance of thorough classical
culture — of the immense and incalculable advantages (the want of
which, in some respects, nothing can supply) of a full scholastic and
university education. I printed my views on that subject some twelve
years since, and there is nothing in what I then wrote which I see any
reason either to modify or retract. In entire consistency, however, with
those views — views expressive of the deepest sense of the value and im-
portance of classical learning — I assert, and I wish you young men to
believe and remember it, that one who knows nothing but his own
tongue, may (if he likes) learn to use it with far more effect than thou-
sands of those do who have studied the languages, and read the masters
and models of antiquity, (b) There was a time when England had not
much of a literature of its own, and did not sufficiently value what it
had ; then, partly from the fashion of the age, and partly from the ne-
cessities of the case, even ladies, if they read, or read much, had to
read Latin and Greek, for thus only could great and good authors be
reached. This reason, however, does not hold now ; whatever might be
the benefit to English ladies of their learning the ancient tongues, it
certainly is not necessary for them to do so from the meagerness of their
own literature — the want of thorough good books. In like manner,
there was a time when, if a man was to write well, it was incumbent
upon him to study the great writers of Greece and Rome — though
even then, he could not do much in English beyond what English
writers had done before him; for no man can be very far beyond
the style and fashion of his time, (c) While the learned were writing
SECOND STYLE. 47
for each other in Latin, English was gradually advancing upon them.
It was getting molded, improved, purified, enriched. Age after age
saw it develop ; ever and anon something was achieved ; it kept grow-
ing in strength, stature, compass, refinement ; it forgot some words
— it learned others ; it got thoroughly formed, fixed, — perfected ;
acquired fullness of tone, variety of cadence, force of character;
so that now we have books in all possible styles of writing, to which
every English reader has access, and by the study of which any
one may be disciplined in English authorship. He who will put
himself under these masters, and do justice to their lessons and their
example, may acquire power over his own tongue, ability to embody and
adorn his thoughts, to an extent far superior to what they will possess
who have enjoyed the advantages of a learned education, if they have
not gone and done likeunse. Whatever may be a man's acquaintance
with other literature and other languages, to be attractive and classical
as an English writer, he must study English ; and England is now so
rich in those who have used, or who use her tongue, that he who
knows only that, has ample means for learning so to speak in it, that
the world shall listen, — provided always that he has something to say.
(d) " Provided that he has something to say ;" of course. We as-
sume that. If a man has not something to say, he should hold his
tongue, and certainly he should refrain from authorship. But I wish
you to understand that even when a man has something to say, the
listening will not follow, or not always, unless there be something also in
his mode of saying it. That there may be this, he must work and toil —
toil and work. He must make it an object. He must labor upon style.
He must give hours, and days, and nights, to that His style must be
his own, and it must be natural and simple; but to be his own it must
be formed by the study of other men's ; and to be simple and natural, it
must be gradually arrived at by long devotion to composition as an art.
This one thing — the necessity for labor — for labor of this sort and on
this object — that is the one lesson which I bring to you, young men, to-
night. If you wish to succeed as the writers of prize essays, or as the
writers of any tiling else, ponder the lesson, and profit by it.
(c) It is of more importance to you than to those who receive a higher
education, who whether they aim at and think of it or not, can not help
acquiring, while learning other tongues, something of power and skill
as to their own. In acquiring the knowledge of Latin and Greek, they
come into contact with the masters of the world. — with the men whose
writings are distinguished by every attribute, and include every species
of excellence, — who have supplied models in every department, and left
behind them lessons for all time. Students ai'e taught, among- other
things, to notice peculiarities of style and expression ; they may be
48 BKIKF LONGHAND.
required to write out careful translations of characteristic passages
— and if they have anything of spirit and enthusiasm, they will do this
whether it be positively required or not. All along, as these classical
scholars grow up into men, they necessarily become acquaioted with the
best writers in the English language. They can not avoid reading a
great deal. They must do so to acquire the knowledge which, as gen-
tlemen, they are expected to possess. But in reading even with this
view, they can not be insensible to the characteristic peculiarities of our
different writers. Their education and habits enable them to under-
stand their excellences and their defects ; they can compare them with
the works of the great authors to whom their daily studies introduce
them ; they read and hear discussions of various sorts, on every thing
connected with writing as an art ; and hence from the necessity of the
case — without their having labored at English composition, or made the
attainment of an English style the object of specific and patient pursuit
— such men hardly help having skill and power when they come to
write. (/) By necessary consequences, taste has been formed, a spirit
imbibed, an influence felt, a knowledge of, and power over, words
acquired ; all the elements of good writing are thus generated and
developed as by a natural growth, with unconscious spontaneity, so that
when the time comes for something to be written, it can he written, and
written well. It is very different, however, Avith yni. who are not sub-
jected to this mental discipline, and who must do for yourselves, by the
study of writers in your own language, what in a great degree is done
for a man, who is thoroughly drilled in classical scholarship. True,
however, to what I have already said, I adhere to my former statement,
in spite of all that I have now advanced ; and I beg to repeat it in
another form. Let it be understood, then, that many cla.ssical scholars
would be nothing the worse, but something very much the contrary, for
some tolerably long and laborious study of our own writers, with a
specific view to their writing English — their purposed attainment of a
thoroughly good English style. I believe, moreover, that none of our
great and distinguished men, who dazzle or charm, soothe or captivate,
by the power, splendor, or graces of their diction — none of them would
ever have written as they do, if they had been content with what thty
could not help — what was forced into, or came to them, as the una-
voidable result of their training and education. Depend upon it, what-
ever the learning of our great authors, they became great, as English
writers, by study and toil; by making the style in which they were to
write, the object at once of effort and ambition ; giving — till they at-
tained something like what they sought, or found out what they could
do— their days and nights to the labor and the luxury. To such men
it would be both.
SECOND STYLE.
49
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
§ 25. The word-signs furnished in previous sections are contractions
of words which may be expected to occur frequently in any kind of
writing. In addition to these and the more common contractions con-
tained in the following section, and the ordinary abbreviations for the
denominations of time, money, etc., the writer may devise, in accordance
with the general principles of abbreviation, such contractions as may
seem required by each class of subjects. A large number of abbrevia-
tions especially adapted to the purposes of the legal profession has
already been devised. The principles of contraction have been exten-
sively applied in abbreviating the expression of many of the peculiar
terms required by the physical sciences. The expression of mathe-
matical operations is already exceedingly brief. The mode of com-
munication between the " proof reader" and compositor is a remark-
able instance of the benefit and safety of a© extensive application of
the principles of contraction. The majority of grammatical and musical
terms are abbreviated. It is hardly necessary to add to the abbrevia-
tions of theological terms. The following, however, will be found to
effect no inconsiderable saving :
§ 26. CONTRACTIONS
Child of God, chdv G.
children of God, chdn G.
children of Israel, chdnl.
Christ, XpitfTOf, Xt or C.
Christian church, Xnch.
Christianity, Xnty or Xy.
Church of Christ, chC or chXt.
Church of God, chG.
eternal life, etllife.
everlasting life, evlslife.
Holy Ghost, HGh.
Holy Scriptures, HScrs.
Holy Spirit, HSp.
Jehovah Jesus, //.
Jesus Christ, JC or JXt.
justification by {aiih, jusfth.
kingdom of Christ, kg*C.
kingdom of God, kg'-G.
kingdom of Heaven, kg^Hv.
kingdom of Satan, kg^Stn.
FOR THEOLOGICAL MTRITERS.
kingdom of the world, kg^ fV.
kingdoms of the world, kg^ W.
Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ,
LSJC.
Lord Jesus Christ, LJC.
People of God, Pv G.
power of God, pwr G.
Roman Catholic Church, RCCh.
Scriptural principles, Scrprs.
Son of God, SnvG.
Son of Man, SnvM.
spirit of Christ, spC.
spirit of God, sp G.
spirit of Jesus, spJ.
spirit of the world, spW.
Spiritual World, Spl W.
truthof God, rrrG.
true God, trG.
wisdom of God, wis^ G.
Word of God, WGd.
50
BRIEF LONGHAJS'D
§ 27. Caution. — All special contractions should be avoided in "writing
for the compobitor, however safely they may be employed in writing for
one's own eye, or in correspondence with those familiar with the subject.
§ 28. TABLE OF COMMON ABBREVIATIONS.
A. or Ans., answer.
A., acre or acres.
A. A. S., Academice Americana Socius,
Fellow of the American Academy.
A. B., Artium BaccaUnirem, Bachelor
of Arts.
A. B. C. F. M., American Board of Com-
missioners for Foreign Missions.
A. C, ante Chrustum, before Christ •
Acct., account
A. D., anno Domini, in the ytar of our
Lord.
Ad lib., ad libitum, at pleasure.
Adj., adjective.
Adjt, Adjutant
Adjt-Gen., Adjutant-General.
Admr., Administrator.
Admx., Administratrix.
Adv., adverb.
.^t., cEtatis, of age.
A. & F. B. S., American and Foreign
Bible Society.
Agt, agent.
Ala. or AL, Alabama.
Aid., Alderman or Aldermen.
Alex., Alexander.
Alt., altitude.
A. M., Artium. Magixter, Master of Arts.
A. M., anno muiuU, in the year of the
world.
A. M., ante meridiem, morning.
Am., American.
Amer., America.
And., Andrew.
Anon., anonymous.
Ans. or A, answer.
Anth., Anthony.
Ai)oc., Apocalypse.
Apr., April.
Arch., Archibald.
Archb. or Apb., Archbishop.
Arl;., Arkansas.
Art, Article.
Assist. Sec, Assistant Secretary.
A. 8. S. TJ., American Sunday School
Union.
Atty., Attornsy. Attys., Attorneys.
Atty.-Gen., Attorney-General.
A. U. C, anno urhis conditie, in the year
after the building of the city.
Aug., August
Auth. Ver., Autliorized Version.
B., Boole or Books.
B. A., Baccahiureits Artium, Bachelor
of Arts
B. A., British America.
Bar. or bl., barrel.
Bar., Baruch.
Bart., Baronet.
B. C, before Christ
B. D., Baccakinreus IHcinitatis, Bach-
elor of Divinity.
Benj., Benjamin.
B. L., Baccalaure^is Legum, Bachelor of
Laws.
Bis. or bbl., barrels.
B. M., Baccakiureus Medidnce, Bache-
lor of Medicine.
B. M., British Mail.
B. M. or Brit Mus., British Museum.
Bp., Bishop.
B. R., Banco JiegU, King's Bench.
Br., brig.
Brig., Brigade ; Brigadier.
Brig.-Gcn., Brigadier-General.
Bro., Brother. Bros., Brothers.
Bu., bushel or bushels.
B. v., Bertta Virgo, Blessed Virgin.
C. or cent., centum, a hundred.
Get par., ceterin paribus, other things
being equal.
Cat, C' ncs,' tt -f
indvdl If h i i dvlp"" vny pre vl- t mn'' f i <^tns ny frsh Isnsv *g™ &
nstre", &s -tesmtm nvlvd i fls'^ o mstr- — thn i most mnfstly bcms a wrk
v jstc & mrey fe sd prsn n t rtr -t dth ntstt, bt t bqth tlwm im "^crn a
strtfd & <=snc3 »°b"^ — a phi rndr- ve vg v If — a "^r ve inr Hrt.
Mn s bm nr e bs va hi — ia vly fl v shdws ; bt, once -tve crdl h bgns t
elm. H frth* strgls & pnts, mpld be hdn frc v dstny, t -tn e smt. Wa
eye pne sny ftr, bt k" n e pthwy, h tgs, & frts, & tmbls, -tey trn. E
msts ve vly m nvlp hm, e drr- wst v p ^ & ''s m strch -wy btne hi &hm,
8 pth m ps evn thre sltds ve dsml swmp ; yt, ndntd, & Id b unsn grdns,
h pshs bldly fd, & gns trmph*'y e ht v s frst amb' : wn, lo ! h fnds h* ia
vly stl, — wh se sm ng, bt mr sgs' te ba va emn"^ yt hghr & mr
-rsst'' -trc'.
I mk th« smblc afrm's, bee jrny vmown If hbfre ''n Ivl v brth te smt
va <^nd hL E frst ps' rchd, I sw a vl bfm; &bydths a yt hghr hi f m ft
t elm. I d- tm & trl, ths grtr emn"^ w -is- sfly rchd ; & strng t rlt, I
fnd m" -te ft v stl ao elv\ whw yt mr mntns &mr dfc v asnt. Yt m wy
w plnly pntd -t & shwn m ; &s-, -md mpd™" -pr«'> nsrmnt'', I prsd e rgd
E brd "fc'^ ve sn fre frtl smt vths mjstc mntn, fr 'sndd ey prvs pctr
THIRD STYLE. 73
Pernicious tale-bearing and extemporaneous gossip disturb an other-
wise peaceful community. The sanctuary of private life is ruthlessly
entered by a gang of headlong biographical investigators ; and the indi-
vidual character is tarred and feathered, if not lynched, by an infu-
riated mob of reputable newspaper-scribblers or unscrupulous pam-
phleteers. All this is deplored, both in private and in public, by true
men and noble women.
Again : it may and does sometimes happen that the principal events
of individual experience are wrapped in mystery and uncertainty, or
may be distorted by the flitting shadows of appearances and uncontra-
dicted reports. Now, should a person thus misinterpreted pass along
without taking his own life, why, then he is liable to be unexpectedly
assaulted, and perhaps murdered, by some supposed friend or unknown
foe. Hence it follows, as by a logical necessity, that if individual life
has in it any developments of any practical value to mankind — if it
contains any fresh lessons of encouragement and instructions, and is at
the same time involved in falsehood or mystery — then it most manifestly
becomes a work of justice and mercy for the said person not to retire
at death intestate, but to bequeath to all whom it may concern a
straightforward and conscientious autobiograpliy — a plain rendering
of the voyage of life — a confession of the inuer heart.
Man is born near the base of a hill — in the valley full of shadows ;
but, once out of the cradle he begins to climb. He fortliwith struggles
and pants, impelled by the hidden force of destiny, to attain the sum-
mit. With an eye upon the sunny future, but not knowing the pathway,
he tugs, and frets, and tumbles, at every turn. The mists of the valley
may envelop him, the dreary waste of poverty and disease may stretch
away between the hill and him, his path may pass even through the
solitudes of the dismal swamp ; yet, undaunted, and led by unseen
guardians, he pushes boldly forward, and gains triumphantly the height
of his first ambition : when, lo ! he finds himself in a valley still, or —
which is the same thing, but more suggestive — at the base of an emi-
nence yet Irigher and more irresistibly attractive.
I make these symbolic affirmations, because the journey of my own
life has been from the common level of birth to the summit of a com-
manding hill. The first position reached, I saw a vale before me ; and
beyond this, a yet higher hill for my feet to climb. In due time and
trial, this greater eminence was also safely reached ; and, strange to
relate, I found myself at the foot of still another elevation, which was
yet more mountainous and more difficult of ascent. Yet my way was
plainly pointed out and shown me ; and so, amid impediments appa-
rently insurmountable, I pursued the rugged mission.
The broad magnificence of the scene, from the fertile summit of this
4
74 B K I E F L O N G H A X D .
o xp. Fa wle I dwlt 'tntd -nths grgs mntn-hm — frwh led s- e errs, &
wndr°, & msts, & tmpsts, & sgnf, vcy vl blw, thrwli Ihd psd. I [it] w
Ik stnd- -na sld rk be ssd, -wy fr trml & dngr, bhld' slips zth rs & fl &
strgl we strm. F thus i w tt, fr dwn e his, &eyr ie vis blw, led s- m
flwmn, too prd tb tght, jmp- fr grg t elf, & mr- thr prsnl wlfr -tey stp,
vnly strv t rch e Hghst &e Bst b mthds mps'' t prv advgs. — From the
" Magic Staff: An Autobiography of Andrew Jackson Davis"
(4.) MAW A MICROCOSM.
Mn s -1 smtry ;
fl V prpr's, one Im tao,
&tle W bsds ;
ea prt m cl e frthst brthr,
f hd w ft hth prvt am',
&bth w mds & tds.
Nng hth gt s- fr
bt mn hth ct &kpt i zs pry ;
8 eyes ''mnt e hghst str,
hs i Itl -le sphr.
-rbs gldly cr -r flsh, bcttth
fnd thr -qnt* thr.
Fu e wnds d bl-,
e -rth dth rst, hvns mv, &fntns fl-
Nng w see bt mns -r gd,
z -r dlt o z -r trsr;
e "whl s eio cpbrd v fd
cbnt V plsr.
E strs Id u t bd ;
nt drs e crtn whe sn ''drs,
nisc < -tnd -r hd
-L ngs nt -r flsh r kd
i thr dsnt & b- ; tr nmd,
ithr asnt &cs.
T H I B D S T Y l"e . 75
majestic mountain, far transcended every previous picture or experience.
For a while I dwelt contented on this gorgeous mountain-home — from
■which I could see the errors, and wanderings, and mists, and tempests,
and significance, of every vale below, through which I passed. It was
like standing on a solid rock by the sea-side, away from turmoil and
danger, beholding ships as they rise and fall and struggle with the
storm. For thus it was that, far down the hills, and everywhere in
the vales below, I could see my fellow-men, too proud to be taught,
jumping from gorge to cliff, and marring their personal welfare at
every step, vainly striving to reach the Highest and the Best by meth-
ods impossible to prove advantageous. — From the " Magic Staff; An
Autobiography of Andrew Jackson Davis,"
KEY. MAN A MICROCOSM.
Man is all symmetry ;
Full of proportions, one limb to another,
And to all the world besides ;
Each part may call the farthest brother.
For head and foot hath private amity,
And both with moods and tides.
Nothing hath got so far
But man hath caught and kept it as his prey ;
His eyes dismount the highest star.
He is in little all the sphere.
Herbs gladly cure his flesh because that they
Find their acquaintance there.
For us the winds do blow.
The earth doth rest, heavens move, and fountains flow.
Nothing we see but means our good,
As our delight or as our treasure ;
The whole is either the cupboard of food
Or cabinet of pleasure.
The stars lead us to bed ;
Night draws the curtain which the sun withdraws.
Music and light attend our head.
All things unto our flesh are kind
In their descent and being ; to our mind,
In their ascent and cause.
76 BRIEF LONGHAND.
Mr srv"*' wt -n mn
thn hi tk ntc v. iey pth
h trds dwn ttwh dth bfrnd hm
■wn sk" mks hm pi &waii,
! mty Iv ! Mn s one W, &hth
ao t -tnd hm.
Geo Hrbrt.
More servants ■wait on man
Than he'll take notice of. In every path
He treads down that which doth befriend him
When sickness makes him pale and wan.
! mighty love ! Man is one world and hath
Another to attend him.
George Herbert.
PHONOGRAPHY
ITS USES
NEW YORK:
ANDREW J. GRAHAM, PHONETIC DEPOT.
1857.
GENERAL STATEMENT
OF THK
ADYANTAGES OF PHOIiOGUAPHY.
" The usefulness of Shorthand," says Dr. Johnson, " is not confined
to any particular science or profession, but is universal."
Phonography, or Phonetic Shorthand, is a philosophical system of
rapid writing, ■which, from employing the simplest geometrical signs
for the representation of the sounds rather than the letters of tho
English language, combines the greatest speed and the most perfect
legibility with the nicest representation of the sounds of speech. For
these reasons, it has entirely outstripped every other system of short-
hand, being practiced and read by so many persons in all professions
in England and America, that it bids fair to become general in a very
few years.
Upon each individual who learns it, Phonography confers, doubtless,
some advantage peculiarly adapted to his individual circumstances.
Upon the Reporter it confers the power of taking the exact words of a
speaker, even at the rate of 200 or 250 words per minute. It enables
the student of a foreign language to visualize its pronunciation — to put
down on paper, as it were, the voice of his teacher. To him who aims
to be a public speaker it is of inestimable value, on account of its turn-
ing his attention to pronunciation. Phonographers are said to pro-
nounce the English language better than any other class of persons. To
the clergyman it is of peculiar value, as it enables his pen to keep pace
with his powers of composition, and saves him five-sixths of the manual
labor required in the use of the common longhand. It is exceedingly
serviceable to the lawyer in taking notes of testimony, decisions, and
rulings of a court, and in rougli-sketching business papers, agreements,
etc. The principal of a commercial establishment may conduct the
largest correspondence in a fraction of the time ordinarily required,
thus saving much time and energy for other important duties, by dic-
tating his letters, even with the rapidity of speech, to a competent
phonographer, who would afterward write them out and prepare them
for the mail. Ministers who use Phonography claim that they can read
ADVANTAGES OF PHONOGKAPHY. 3
it better than longhand, and with more of the freedom of extempo-
raneous delivery. Authors whose " living flocks of thoughts trudge it
slowly and Avearily down the pen and along the paper, hindering each
other as they struggle through the strait gate of the old handwriting" —
whose " kind and loving thoughts, warm and transparent, liquid, a3
melted from the hof heart," now " grow opaque, and freeze with a te-
dious dribbling from the pen," can not fail to duly appreciate Phonog-
raphy, which enables them to write at " breathing case." The time is
not distant when every author that can afford it will employ his
phonographic amanuensis and talk, instead of writing, to the world.
The Kev. Dr. Kaffles, of Liverpool, says : " Phonography is a railroad
method of communicating thought ; a railroad by reason of its expedi-
tion ; a railroad by reason of its ease."
It is hardly necessary to speak furtlier upon these ptculiar advanta-
ges, since the bare mention of the name of shorthand is sufficient to
suggest many even in addition to those general benefits which it be-
stows upon all, in correspondence, in writing literary compositions, in
keeping a diary, in book-keeping, in copying letters, in making memo-
randa, in sketching lectures and sermons, in making abstracts of, and
quotations from, books read. For these and all other purposes for which
writing is available, it requires but a tithe of the time, labor, and space
needed in the use of longhand.
VALUE OF PHONOGRAPHY TO EDITORS AND AUTHORS.
Dr. Edwix Leigh, the amanuensis of Professor Agassiz, says : " I
have been writing for Professor Agassiz diiring the last year, and within
the last nine months have written from his dictation, and have copied
out for the press, more than 1,000 octavo pages of 400 words each. Ho
told me, yesterday, tliat Plionography had enabled him to do more In
one year than he could have done in three years without it "
Dr. Campbell, of England, in the Christian Witness for Sept ,
1849- remarks : " Had we done nothing besides our correspondence, our
function would have beon no sinecure ; it constitutes, although unseen,
a heavy addition to our periodical labors; and, but for the constant aid
of a body of sliorthand writers, for this and our general labors, it wore
utterly impossible for us to get on. Job Orton, of honored memory, in
his celebrated Letters, often thanks God for the discovery of sliortliaud,
and we not seldom echo the grateful aspiration."
The ilev. Dr. IIafklks, of England, says : " It is evident that a gr^at
4: ADVANTAGES OF T II O JS' O G K A P H Y .
portion of the time spent in composing a sermon, or writing of any kind,
niay, Ly the aid of Phonography, be saved."
St. Geo. Tucker Campbell says : " I believe Phonography to be
eminently useful and practical. I have, for many years, been calling to
my aid those Avlio had learned the art. I have never used it without a
sense of tliankfnlness for the labor and time it has spared."
Messrs. Fowlers & Wells say : " In ten minutes we can dictate an
article for publication which we could not compose and write in one
hour ; besides, it contains more spirit and freshness, than if lalwred
through at the slow pace of ordinary composition."
At a Phonetic Meeting held at the ^Metropolitan Academy, New York,
a letter from ISIr. Lester was read, from which the following Extracts
are taken :
349 Broadway, 12 October, 1853.
Andrew J. Graham, Esq. — Z)ecr Sir: As my Phonographic
secretary happened to be in my ofiBce when your note came in, I was
enabled to learn the purport of it, for I do not myself understand the
first sign in Phonogi'aphy.
I have never seen an intelligent person whose mind was not opened to
conviction the moment that the superior advantages of Phonography, as
a system of shorthand, were brought clearly before it. * * * *
In my own experience I have derived far greater advantages from
Phonography, in the saving of time, than I have from the railway and
telegraph together. For five years I have depended entirely on Phonog-
raphy for the transmission of my thoughts to my fellow-men, and if
the art were to perish to-day, I could not summon resolution enough to
make any progress on the old track. * * * One of the vast advan-
tages which I have derived from Phonography has consisted in its
enabling me, in a brief half hour, by dictation, to reap, every evening,
the little harvest of my thoughts, instead of being compelled to sow and
reap at the same moment. They talk about immense improvements in
threshing machines, but I most earnestly believe, before this generation
has passed away,* Phonography will thresh out every other means of
communicating thoughts on paper. If I had as many sons as King
Priam, I would have* them all taught the glorious art of Phonography.
«*** it: * * *
With great respect, I remain faithfully yours,
(Signed) C. Edwards Lester.
ADVANTAGES OF PlIONOGEAPHY,
PECUNIAllY VALUE OF PHOXOGRAPHY.
ro CLERKS, COMMERCIAL MEN, LECTURERS, MEDICAL STUDENTS,
PHYSICIANS, LAW STUDENTS, MEMBERS OF
THE BAR, AND COURTS.
The following recommendations of Phonography are extracted from
(etters published in the report made to the Controllers of Public
t^chools in Philadelphia, on the subject of Phonography, by a special
jommittee appointed for that purpose.
From John S. Hart, Principal of the High School of Philadelphia. —
Buch of our students as have made Phonographic Reporting a profession,
have got along in life, faster by all odds, than those in any other kind
of business, and that without the possession of any special brilliancy of
talents. Some of them, not yet turned of twenty, are now making
more money by Phonographic Reporting, than the Principal of the
High School, after having given himself for more than twenty years to
his profession. But, besides these professional reporters, there are
hundreds of our students, in almost every walk of life, that are deriv-
ing benefit from this time- saving art. Even before leaving school,
while attending lectures in other departments of study, I see them
constantly using Phonography. Those who have not entirely mastered
the art, still use it as far as it is at their command, taking notes, partly
in Phonography, and partly in longhand. There is not an hour in the
day, nor a class in the school, out of Division H, in which I do not see
the students using this art, and witli practical advantage.
Among the incidental advantages of Plionography, as a part of
general education, I would mention the cultivation which it necessarily
gives to the ear
From John J. McElhoxe. — Phonography has been of vast benefit to
me. To it I owe the honorable and lucrative position which I now
occupy, as one of the Ofiicial Reporters to Congress. That position has
given me the acquaintance of the best men in the country; and a
correct knowledge of nearly every part of this great Confederacy.
I was in Richmond nearly ^nine montlis; and received on an average
for my labor, between thirty and forty dollars per week. During the
last Congress, I received about fifty dollars per week ; besides 300 dol-
lars at the end of the first, and 800 dollars at the end of the second ses-
sion;— my share of the amount voted by the House of Representatives,
as a compliment to the first full report of its proceedings.
From A. L. Gihon, M.D. — None of the studies I pursued at the High
School have been of so much iminedidte practical advantage asPhonog-
b ADVANTAGiiS OF PHONOGKAPHT.
raphy. During my stay, at school, I was very frequently employed to
report speeches of distinguished men ; the proceedings of great anniver-
sary celebrations, and suppers; and legal testimony and charges. On
some of these occasions, I realized a great deal of money. This has
been sometimes as high as fifteen and twenty dollars for thirty or
forty minutes' work, where the speaker was distinguished, or the
matter important. For an important law-suit of a week's continuance,
three hundred dollars will be paid to any young operator. After my
graduation at the High School. I abandoned it as a profession, for the
study of Medicine ; still at this time, I was offered by five professors
three hundred dollars apiece, for reporting a course of sixty one-hour
lectures, in other schools ; a work I might readily have accomplished in
four and a half months.
From Randolph Sailkr, Counting-House Clerk. — I regard a know-
ledge of Phonography, as one of the most valuable acquisitions of my
life. Immediately upon leaving school, I gained an eligible situation,
for which my only recommendation, above other applicants, was the
possession of this art.
From Francis Wharton, formerly Prosecuting Attorney. — In one
case under my immediate observation, a lad, hardly seventeen, was able,
in the course of three years, not only to support himself, but to establish
a fund of nearly three thousand dollars, the income of which is ample
to support him during the rest of his professional training. At present,
the demand in the Courts and in private business, for this species of
labor, is great and increasing ; and I should much regret to see the
supply stopped.
Of the value of it, you can judge from the single incident that in a
very late case, twenty dollars a day for reporting during Court hours,
was oflfered ; and with great difficulty two young men were found to
undertake the work ; all the disposable phonographic force of the city
was engaged elsewhere.
From Samukl B. Dalrymple. — I have found a knowledge of Pho-
nography, which I acquired at the High School, of very great advan-
tage to me, not only in a pecuniary point of view (in which respect it is
very profitable), but also in enabling me to take accurate notes of
lectures, etc., while at the High School, and afterward at College, and
in the Theological Seminary. To give you some idea of its value, I will
state that another gentleman and myself were able, in one case, to
make about a thousand dollars apiece, in less than five weeks.
From FowLKRs & Wells. — We regard Phonography as one of the
most important inventions of the age, and one which should be opened.
to every person desirous of being considered educated. As a system of
ADVANTAGES OF P H O N O G K AP II Y . 7
reporting and general correspondence and memoranda, it is unparalleled
in usefulness. In Chirography it is what Telegraphs are as agencies for
transmitting thought. We employ three reporters, one in our oflSce,
and two who travel with lecturers from our house.
A common farmer's boy who could not obtain more than his board in
a grocery or lime store, and no situation at all in a genteel store in
this city, may devote one year to Phonography, and obtain ten dollars
a week as an amanuensis, the first year.
A cool, steady temperament, with nothing of smartness, seems to
succeed best in patient efibrt to master Phonography, and become
reporters. — Every scholar should, by all means, learn it.
From Rev. Thomas Hill. — I consider the art as one of the most
valuable inventions of our prolific day. It should be taught in the
common schools, as one of the best possible aids in obtaining a subse-
quent education. All the higher instruction of our academies, colleges,
and professional schools is given by lectures — lectures which are for-
gotten in a month after delivery. AVhy should not every student take
down at least the principal part of these lectures in Phonographic
notes .' It would not be necessary for him to be a reporter to do this.
If he could write one hundred and twenty words a minute (a speed
easily obtained), he could take down four times as much as can be taken
down in common hand.
From St. Geo. Tucker Campbell. — I do not know any one branch
of knowledge which will so surely lead to immediate, permanent, and
respectable employment. It is, to any youth who may possess the art,
a capital of itself, upon which he may confidently rely for support.
Two pupils of the High School liave left my office, and are now earning
by its practice a larger sum than they could have acquired by any
other sphere of employment, and are able not only to support them-
selves, but contribute to the maintenance of those who may be depend-
ent upon them.
It is not only thus valuable to the pupil, but is, I think, in our gene-
ration, to some degree, a public necessity. Speed, in all things, is the
great desideratum, and surely we shall be going backward in banishing
an art which so securely attains it ; as every thing now-a-days is
reported, and printed, and read, the extensive teaching of that which
will insure rapidity and accuracy, must be advantageous to all who
read ; and that is — thank Heaven— nearly our whole population. Did
I myself possess the art, I should deem it beyond price ; and I should
deeply regret any measure which should diminish its sphere of
usefulness.
From Arthur Cannon. — It has saved me years of unrecompensed
8 ADVAJVTAGE8 OF PHONOGEAPHT.
labor Tvliich I should probably have experienced, had it not been for mj
present profession, which is Phonographic reporting.
Its utility to me, sir, can not be spoken of in too forcible terms, for
although by accident I hare been deprired of the thumb of my writing
hand, and my fingers are also maimed, still I am enabled to provide
myself a handsome and independent livelihood.
I pursued the study of the art under unusual difficulties, which have
been at last surmounted by assiduity and constant practice, both of
which are requisite to arrive at success in any business.
There is no profession or calling in which it may not be useful, and,
in time, it must supersede the present mode of writing.
Fr,om T. Ellwood Garrett. — There was no place open for me, and
the only resource was to tnake a place.
In this dilemma I remembered Phonography, and seized upon it as »
means of improving my prospects. I soon gained all I had lost, and
succeeded, by three months' daily practice, in arriving at a speed of one
hundi-ed words per minute, and could mate full reports of speeches,
sermons, etc.
About this time, the Phonographic reporter left the " Int'elligencer,"
the paper by which he was employed, and out of numerous apijlicants I
was chosen, on account of my knowledge of Phonography.
I was also engaged by another paper on the same day, for the same
reason ; so that during the whole of last summer, from doing compara-
tively nothing, I acted as local and Phonographic reporter for two
papers at a compensation of from 25 to 30 dollars per week.
I had immediate use for the art after I had assumed the profes.sion,
in reporting the proceedings of a religious conference, .of one week's
duration, which Avas accomplished to the satisfaction of all parties.
I do not look upon Phonography merely as a convenient and rapid
system of shorthand — it is a perfect system of writing English, and all
it wants is universality to make it subservient to all the objects of
writing as well as of daguerrcotyping speech.
From Dr. James "W, Sto?^ e. — My shelves groan with the weight of
the books and pamphlets of every name and nature, of speeches, and
arguments, and lectures, that have been thus preserved to the commu-
nity. I\Iy price has varied from ten to fifty dollars an hour.
I deem Phonography far more valuable for business purposes, for
journalizing, for correspondence, and for private and rapid minuting
down of one's thoughts, so that none may be lost, than for mere report-
ing. The acquisition of this art is, in my judgment, a vast aid to the
memory, and day by day a perpetual'time-saTer.
Stenography is rarely legible to any other than the writer. Phonog-
raphy can be read by thousands, can be written four times as rapidlj
ADVANTAGES OF PHONOGRAPHY. U
as longhand, and is more legible to me than any longhand writing I
ever saw. In short, I deem Phonography, when thoroughly learned, an
invaluable adjunct to education ; and one which when acquired in
youth, would not be parted with in manhood for thousands of dollars.
From George H. Earle, Counselor at Law.— Without a thorough
conviction that Phonography would be useful, in a business point of
view, I should not have taken the time I have devoted to it ; but for
which I am now amply repaid.
It will as surely make its way in the world as the steam-engine and
the telegraph have done. In conclusion, I will remark, that excepting
the simple branches of reading, writing, and arithmetic, there is
nothing taught in our Public Schools so useful to a business man as
Phonography.
I need not speak of its advantages for mental training, as they are
obviously so important, but simply of its business purposes. While
history, geography, astronomy, the languages, and many other
branches which are taught in the High School, would but occasionally
be of use to the pupils in after life, Phonography may be of advantage
to them every time they record thought ; for the fluent Phonographcr
may prepare his letters by that rapid mode, and then copy them into
longhand, almost in the same time he could -write them by the common
method ; besides, they will usually be neater and better expressed.
From Thomas H. Beveridge. — Phonography has relieved me from at
least two thirds of the labor of preparation for the pulpit. When I
have had occasion to read lectures I have found no difiiculty in using Pho-
nography. It has given me a clearer insight into the structure of the
English language, and made me more exact in my pronunciation. I
have no doubt, that with the same amount of practice, Phonography
would be twice as legible as the common writing. I will never consent
to give up Phonography for our present longhand; for of all the
blundering and tedious methods of representing sound, our English
spelling is the worst ; while Phonography is as beautiful and true an
exhibition of the sounds of the human voice, as the daguerreotype is of
the lineaments of the human face.
[A Letter from Judge Kane to Townsend Shakpless.]
U. S. District Court Room, 22 February, 1854.
My Dear Sir : — You will assuredly have the thanks of the rising
generation for your efforts to re-instate Phonography among l^e sub-
jects of education at the High School. To the professional man, and
indeed to every one whose pursuits in life call upon him to record inci-
10 ADVANTAGES OF PHONOGKAPHT.
dents or thought, (and whose pursuits do not .') it is one of the great
labor-saving machines of the age ; and like all other machines that are
really good, it does better work than can be done without it. By
enabling us to write more easily and rapidly, it approaches the written
to spoken language, and makes it a more exact representative of the
mind. Besides this, it is in itself a lucrative art. Until the knowl-
edge of it shall become general, the practice of it must continue to be
important and profitable, as a distinct occupation. I have had repeated
occasion to test its value in the reports which have been given of
proceedings in the United States Courts of this District; and I believe I
express the opinion of every Judge who has similar experience, that a
great deal of public time, and with it, of public money, would be saved
by employing a set of educated Phonographers, at very liberal salaries,
in all the Courts of our country, to note the evidence as it comes from
the witnesses. Indeed, where the proofs are by deposition, such a
resort would be invaluable, as it would give to the notes of the Commis-
sioner much of the fidelity and truthfulness of a viva voce examination
in open Court. I am, my dear sir.
Very faithfully yours,
(Signed) J. K. Kane.
I fully concur with Judge Kane in the above statement, having had
Bome opportunities of judging from young men — phonographers — who
have been employed in Court.
(Signed) R. C. Grier.
[Extract of a Letter from Judge Haines, Chester County, Pa.]
West Chester, 12th March, 1852.
ToWNSEND Sharpless :
My Bear Sir-^1 am not sufficiently conversant with this new
science (Phonography) to speak of its merits in a proper manner ; yet I
am satisfied that in the business of our Courts much time and expense
would be saved by its adoption therein. Without making any nice
calculation as to the daily expense of our Court, it will not be rating
it at too high a figure to set it down at 75 dollars.
With sincere respect.
Your friend,
(Signed) Townsend H.mnes
APPENDIX.
87
II.
ANDREW J. GRAHAM'S PHONETIC ALPHABET.
Note. — The sound of each letter is shown by the italic letter or letters in the word
opposite or beneath it. The " superiors" refer to the scripts of the new letters.
Long Vowels.
Short Vowels.
I i 1
eat, fear
I i
it
S e2
ale (air)
E e
eR (her)
fl b3
arm
A a
ask (at)
O o*
all, form
O o
not, on
(^ aB
ope (whole)
U u7
Wp, CUT
UJm6
food
U u
foot, fall.
Consonants.
R h 9
C c
J J
then,
thin,
sing.
ocean, shsXi.
vision, zh.
and in their itsual sense,
b, d, f, g, li, k,
be, do, foe, go, he, key,
1, m, n, p, r, s,
Zet, me, no, up, roar, so,
t, V, w, y, z. —
^o, vie, we, ye, seal. —
Diphthongs.
Double
letters.
Sinjle
letters.
ai
* i"
oi
e e 12
ou
"S" ^13
iu
IJ 111*
dj
X)(jI5
tc
e q16
aisle, find
oil, boy
out, now
new, mitte
ed-ge. Join
et-ch, chin.
E
Op
ol7
a.
a 18
E
13 19
o20
Q
q
Optional Letters.
air, where
at, an
her, bird
whole
or hw == "wh in when ;
thus, " qen" or " hwen."
12Ee8 4 50o6 7
X<: S^. €c, rJ^^.^^c, &^, (Pa, ^^^, yj'K^,
8 9 10 11 12 13 • 14 15
^^, he^, py, //, Pp -Tr, '2J^p ^/
16 17 18 A a 19 20
&0., ^a., .^a, '&oe, -& a.
€/
Transition Phonotypv. — Phonotypy closely resembling the genuine, may
be produced, with the common types, by substituting
J t? A or A b in u th or dh, th, ng for
o
Ul
1)
88 APPENDIX.
III.
MINIATURE WRITING.
{Printed with single types for the diphthongs, but without distin-
guishing by signs between the vowels of age and air, ask and at, met
and her, ope and whole, and with h.\f for wh in when.)
Sisere" rekordz dat de licrl ov de Iliad ov Hermer woz riten
on a pis ov pjsrgment in s(y smol a karakter, dat it mj,t bi en-
klerzd in de kumpas ov a kakw-nut-cel ! 3er woz olser wijn in
Kwin Elizabeb's tjm hra ret de Ten Komandments, de Krid,
de Pater Noster, de Kwin'z nem, and de Yir ov 'sv Lord, widin
de kumpas ov a peni ; and gev Her Ma^esti a per ov spektakelz
ov sug an iirtifieal mek, dat b^ der ed ci plenli dizernd everi leter.
Annder penman in de miniatyuir st^l, wun Fransis Almcnus,
T&i de Krid and de ferst fo-rtin versez ov St. Don'z Gospel in
de kumpas ov a peni. In de librari ov St. Don'z Kolet],
Oksfurd, iz a piktyur ov Gfirlz de Ferst dun wid a pen, de
Ijnz ov hwig konten ol de Semz in a lecjibel hand. At Halston,
in Cropcir, de sit ov de Mitunz {Myttons), iz preservd a kcrvir)
ov de portret ov Gf>rlz de Ferst, ful-fest, on a pig-ste-n ; abuv
iz a kr^n ; biz fes, and klo-ds, liwig er Vandjk dres, Br pented ;
on de revers iz an igel transfikst wid an arer, and r^nd it dis
moter, " S federd dis arcr." EEe berl iz admirabli eksek^ted, and
iz set in gerld, wid a distaf on ig sjd ; it probabli woz de W7jrk
ov Nikolas Bjot, a gret grever ov de Mint in de tjm ov Gerlz de
Ferst. In de Eoal Mi^zium at Ko'penbegen, iz a komon geri-
stem, on de snrfes ov hwig isr engrevd 220 beds ; but der smol-
nes meks dera apir rader imperfekt.
ANDREW J. GRAHAM,
PHONOGRAPHIC REPORTER,
NO. 80 MADISON STREET
(nbab oathbeine bteebt),
't)x( ijarL
Reports of the proceedings of Conventions, Literary, Medical, and
Agricultural Societies — Medical and Agricultural Lectures, Debates,
Sermons, etc., made upon reasonable terms.
ESPECIAL ATTENTIOIf PAID TO PATENT-SUIT REPORTING.
REFERENCES.
NEW YOEK.
Hon. Samuel Nelsoi^, Judge of
the U. S. Supreme Court.
Hon. Samuel R. Betts, Judge of
the U. S. District Court.
George Gifford, Esq.
E. N DiCKERsox, Esq.
Charles M. Keller, Esq.
A. P. Browne, Esq.
E. W. Stoughton, Esq.
Harringtoiv & Dodge, Esqrs
James T. Brady, Esq.
BOSTON, MASS.
Hon. R,UFUs Choate.
NEWARK, N. J.
Prof. James J. Mapes.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
• [From the Michigan State Journal, Feb., 1853.]
Our thanks are due to the efficient and gentlemanly Reporter of the
House of Representatives for his promptness in getting out the debates
published by us during the session. * * * Andrew J. Graham, Phono-
graphic Reporter to the House of Representatives, is an expert and rapid
verbatim reporter ; his reports bear witness to his fidelity and accuracy.
Mr. Graham, though coming here as a stranger, leaves many friends
behind, and a high reputation iu his particular department. We earnestly
recommend him to the patronage of the public, as an accomplished re-
porter and thorough teacher of the art he practices.
[From the Michigan (Detroit) Organ, Dec. 8th, 1852.]
Mr. Andrew J. Graham, Phonographic Teacher, will lecture at Greg
ory's Commercial College Chapel, on to-morrow (Thursday) evening, at
eight o'clock, upon Phonographic Shorthand, preparatory to opening his
second class. Mr. Graham is a young man of talent, and is possessed of
high qualifications in his profession. If our Legislature would appoint
some such person to make their reports, there would not be such out-
rageous blunders as have been committed by some who have filled that
important place heretofore.
[From the Detroit Daily TrUnme, Jan. 8th, 1853.]
Andrew J. Graham, the Phonographic Reporter, is at present at Lan-
sing, " takin' notes, and faith" we hope " he'll prent 'em," of the sayings
and doings of the embodiment of tlie wisdom of " Wolverinedom." Look
out, gentlemen of the Legislature, for he can write as fast as you can
talk, and will be apt to get it all in. Badinage apart, this gentleman is
an accomplished reporter, and well qualified in every respect to fill the
profession which he has adopted. To those of our brethren of the press
who may wish the services of a reporter at Lansing this winter, we would
recommend Mr. Graham.
Uesolution unanimously adopted by the Michigan House of Representatives.]
Resolved, That the thanks of the House bo and hereby are tendered
to Andrew .J. Graham, for the able and efficient manner in which he has
discharged the duties of reporter.
RECOMMENDATIONS. 3
[From the Detroit Daily Tribune, Feb. 19th, 1853.]
Mr. Andrew J. Graham (whose Phonographic lessons many of our cit-
izens will remember) on leaving town went to Lansing, where ha was
appointed reporter for the House. Most of the reports of the business
in the House, which appeared in the Tribune, were prepared by him.
The conunittee to whom was referred the subject, of Phonetics, in their
report say, " The exceedingly faithful and accurate reports of the debate
of this House, which are made by our official reporter, Andrew J. Gra-
ham, Esq., not only afford abundant evidence of the superior qualifica-
tions of that gentleman for the profession which he has adopted, but pay
an excellent compliment to Phonography which he uses in making his
notes, as an unrivaled system of Shorthand."
[Testimonial of the Michigan Legislature for 1358.]
The following testimonial was signed by all the members of the Hous«
of Representatives, the Secretary of State, Lieutenant-Governor Parsons,
and Governor McLelland.
" Lansing, Mich., Feb., 1853.
" We, the undersigned, take pleasure in commending Andrew J. Gra-
ham to the attention of the press and others wishing the services of re-
porters, as a very accurate and able reporter, his reports for the Hous«
of Representatives for the present session (of 1853) having fully attested
his excellent qualifications for that profession."
[From the Hartford Bible Convention Eeport.]
The Committee of Publication for the Hartford Bible Convention say :
" The Committee desire to express their entire satisfaction with the
very able and intelligent manner in which Mr. Andrew J. Graham, the
reporter of these proceedings, discharged his laborious and difficult task."
[From the Penetralia.']
The author of this work, Andrew Jackson Davis, the Poughkeepsi«
Seer, after a notice of Phonography, says :
" Andrew J. Graham has opened a Phonetic Academy in Fulton Street,
New York. This individual is a thorough and cosmopolitan reformer
in the phonetic department of utilitarian progress. He works sincerely
for the elevation of his important science, and, so far as possible, has
simplified and universalized the phonetic orthography. His exemplary
devotion and industry, and his skillfulness as reporter in following the
most rapid speaker, will not go unrewarded."
[Letter from I. M. Singer & Co., Manufacturers of Sewing Machines, 823 Broadway,
New York.]
Mr. Andrew J. Graham — Sir : Having frequently heard of your
superior abilities as a reporter, we are disposed to have you report (if
4 RECOMMENDATIONS.
your engagements permit) the case of " I. M. Singer et a1. vs. Jame3
Pigot," to be tried shortly in the United States Circuit Court. Please
inform us whether you can attend to reporting it.
Yours, etc. I. M. Singer & Co.
May 12tk, 1856.
[Second letter from I. M. Singer & Co.]
Mr. Andrew J. Graham — Sir: We, as Avell as our Counsel, have
been satisfied with your report. Your bill will be paid upon presenta-
tion. Please hold yourself in readiness to report the several cases we
mentioned to you at our office. Respectfully yours,
New York, June IQth, 1856. I. M. Singer & Co.
[Letter from Johx M. Cabe, Proprietor of Frost and Monroe's Bran-duster.]
Andrew J. Graham — Dear Sir: I send you to-day a printed copy
of your report of the proceedings in the " Bran-duster Case." I must
congratulate you on the compliments you have, by your extreme accu-
racy in reporting, won from all concerned in this case. My Counsel
(Mr. Keller) expressed great pleasure at the extraordinary accuracy
of your report. The perusal of your report was almost equivalent to
hearing and witnessing the actual proceedings of the court.
From the opinions I have heard expressed by different persons com-
petent to judge, I am convinced your ability as reporter is unequaled.
As, without accuracy, a judicial report is good for nothing, I shall not
be surprised to see you become a " fixture" of the United States Circuit
Court, or any other court in which you may choose to be engaged.
Yours truly, John M. Cabr.
78 Madison Street, New York, June 16th, 1856 .
GEAHAM'S
PHONETIC ACADEMY
80 MADISON STREET
(near CATHERINE STREET),
ESTABLISHED FOR THE
CURE OF STA^MMEHII^G
AND OTHER DEFECTS OF ARTICCIATION,
rORKECTION OF FOKEIGN OB OTHEK PECULIAEITIE8 OF
PEONTJNCIATION,
AND TO AFFORD
INSTRUCTION IN EEPORTING
AND THE DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF
THE PHONETIC REFORM. '
NEW YORK:
ANDREW J. GRAHAM, PHONETIC DEPOT
1857.
GRAHAM'S
PHONETIC ACADEMY.
REPORTING TAUGHT.
The conductor of the Phonetic Academy gives especial attention to
thoroughly preparing pupils for the Reporting Profession. Students
are not only instructed in the principles of the Manuals of the Reporting
Style of Phonography, but they have an opportunity of acquiring those
facilities which ten years' practice of Phonography and constant study
of stenographic principles have given the conductor.
PREPARATION FOR TEACHING PHONOGRAPHY.
Pupils Trishing to engage in teaching phonetics are instructed in the
various departments and uses of the phonetic reform, so that they may
achieve fortunes for themselves while advancing the Phonetic Cause,
where others would fail of success and injure the Phonetic movement.
This remark is fully justified by the splendid success of students who
have graduated from this institution and by the general failure of those
who are partially qualified. It is expected that teachers will make
themselves sufiSciently conversant with the Reporting Style of Pho-
nography to be able to teach it and give examples of rapid writing to
their audiences. No teacher is apt to be successful without this
ability.
STAMMERING CURED— DEFECTIVE ARTICULATION REMEDIED.
By properly directed exercises in Phonetic Analysis and Synthesis, a
Complete Cure of Stammering may be effected in almost every case —
when there are not serious organic defects (which is very rarely the
case), and when the stammerer suificiently desires a cure, to undertake
the necessary practice.
Thousands are subjected to the inconveniences and mortification of
stammering and various other defects in articulation who would not be,
should they know that the actions of the vocal organs are as determi-
nate, and as much under the control of the will, as the actions of the
arms, hands, fingers, legs, or feet. Speaking is an art as much aa
writing. The road to each is through certain elementary training.
PHONETIC ACADEMY. 3
First, there has to be an idea of what is to be done; secondly, knowl-
edge as to the mode of doing it; thirdly, practice in that mode. He who
would speak well, needs but to h-ANQ, first, a knowledge of the elements
of the language; secondly, a knowledge of the vocal operations necessary
for their production ; thirdly, well-directed, thorough, energetic prac-
tice in producing the elements, and combining them into syllables,
syllables into words, words into clauses, and clauses into sentences.
Even when some of the vocal organs are deficient, a remedy for de-
fective pronunciation is not impossible. The vocal effects desired may
be produced in sorne manner if not in the usual one.
PECULIARITIES OF PRONUNCIATION.
A few weeks' instruction in Phonetic Analysis and Synthesis will
enable the pupil to avoid any foreign accent or other peculiarity which
may characterize his pronunciation of the English language.
INSTRUCTION IN THE REPORTING STYLE BY MAIL.
In compliance with the wishes of many who desire to avail themselves
of the conductor's reporting experience, but who from various reasons
besides feeling unable to pay the expenses to be incurred in coming to,
and remaining in the city, would prefer to pursue their reporting
studies at home, he has concluded to give instruction by mail, which
with the minute instructions which will be sent to every pupil, may be
made nearly as serviceable as personal instruction.
TERMS FOR INSTRUCTION.
Inslriiction for cure of Stammering — 60 private lessons, 40 minutes
each $60
Correction of defective or peculiar Pronunciation — 60 private les-
sons, 40 min. each 60
Instruction in Reporting Style* — 60 lessons, 10 to 20 min. each ... 60
Instruction in Reporting Stylef — 60 lessons in class, 40 min. each . 80
Instruction for Teaching PhoneticsJ — 60 private lessons, 10 to 20
min. each 60
Instruction for Teaching Phonetics — 60 lessons in class, 40 min. each 30
Instruction in Reporting Style — 60 letters§ corrected 60
Instruction (by mail) in the elements of Phonography is given by
employees in the Phonetic Depot. For instruction-book and
correction of ten letters^ , 5
12 Oral Lessons (Thorough Course) in the elements of Phonography 9
NOTES.
* The pupil in the reporting style will have one short exercise written with great
care on alternate lines corrected each lesson-day. The corrections will be accom-
panied by occasional remarks upon tlie principles of word-forming, laws of speed
4 PHONETIC ACADEMY.
and legibility, principles of pliraae-writing, etc., etc., which the pupil will afler*
ward reduce to writing for his own use. He will also keep a list of corrected
words -and new phrase-signs — making himself familiar with them by frequently
writing them. The other exercises of the pupil will consist in copying into the
reporting style books, theological, historical, legal, medical, etc., and writing from
the dictation of a fellow-pupil or hired reader, or from speaking in the courts
(some of which are always in session), in the lecture-room, or in the pulpit. The
pupil's attention will also be directed to punctuation, paragraphing, etc.
+ Classes to receive instruction in the reporting style will be formed the first of
October, January, and April, provided there is a suflicient number of applications
for instruction previously made. The members of classes read to one another.
t Persons who are preparing to become teachers of phonetics are instructed in
the corresponding and reporting styles of Phonography, and are taught the mode of
applying phonetic principles to the cure of stammering, correction of defective or
peculiar pronunciation, and teaching foreigners, uneducated adults, or children to
read the eotnmon orthography. The graduates of the academy who devote them-
selves to teaching, will be furnished books, etc., from the Phonetic Depot upon
unusually favorable terms ; and the conductor will be happy to inform them of those
conditions which bis experience has shown to be favorable to success.
§ A letter for correction is written on every other line of two foolscap pages, three
letter-sheet pages, or four pages of note-paper of ordinary size, accompanied by a
slip of paper from which the exercise is taken. Keference may be made to the
pages of some book which is possessed by both teacher and pupil. The correc-
tions (with any suggestion he may see fit to make) are written by the teacher on the
alternate blank lines, when the corrected letter is returned to the pupil, who
frequently copies the letter, observing the corrections. Any difficult portions of the
textrbook may be referred to on a slip of paper separate from the exercise, and the
teacher will endeavor to remove the difllculty in a note, sent with the corrected
letter of the pupiL
TERMS OF TUITION, ETC.
For any amount of instruction desired, the terms will be in propor-
tion to those mentioned on the preceding page, namely. One Dollar for
each private lesson, and Fifty Cents for each lesson in class.
Pupils, it is expected, will be punctual in their attendance at the
Academy, at the time appointed for their recitations.
Strict attention to oral instructions, and faithful observance of direc-
tions for study, expected from every pupil.
BOARD.
Board may be obtained for from S3 to $4 per week. In some cases,
pupils are able to pay their board, while attending the Academy, by a
few hours' daily service as amanuenses.
ANDREW J. GRAHAM'S
CATALOGUE OF PUBLICATIONS,
IN AID OF
HKvMt m)s €as)) lloks
WRITING AND PRINTING.
NEW YORK: PHONETIC DEPOT (80 MADISON ST.)
The works mentioned in this List can be obtained at the PHONETIC
DEPOT, 80 MADISON STREET, or will be sent through the mail with-
out additional charge. Letters should be addressed, " Andrew J. Gra-
ham, Phonetic Depot, New York."
HAND-BOOK OF STANDARD PHONOGRAPHY. Consists of
the following parts : 1. An extensive Introduction to Phonotypy and
Phonography, designed to prepare the pupil for the successful study of
the art. 2. Compendium of Phonography ; in which the principles axe
explained in simple and unambiguous language, and amply illustrated.
The pupil is aided by a series of suggestive questions, and by numerous
remarks collateral with the text, and which are to be found in no other
work. 3. Grammar of Phonographic Writing ; in which are contained
a few principles of writing, which may be readily learned, and which,
in the attainment of a correct style of writing, are equal to years of
experience without them. 4. Reading and Writing Exercises ; in which,
conveniently arranged for reference, may be found the best forms for
most of the more effective Avords of the English language. 5. An
Extended Phonographic Alphabet, furnishing signs for the peculiar sim-
ple and double vocal elements of the principal European languages. By
Andrew J. Graliam. [In course of publication.]
BRIEF LONGHAND : A System of Longhand Contractions, by
means of which the principal advantages of Shorthand are secured with-
out resort to stenographic characters, and with perfect legibility ; the
whole methodically arranged and amply illustrated ; with directions for
correcting the press, and with keys to the exercises, embracing remarks
upon the means of acquiring ease and correctness in composition, the
method of keeping a common-place book and index rerum, the most
useful modes of reading, improvement of educational processes, etc. To
2 gkaham's catalogue.
which are added several Appendixes pertaining to Phonotypy and Pho-
nography. By Andrew J. Graham, flexible muslin, fifty cents ; stiff
muslin, sixty-three cents. Handsomely lettered in gilt.
PHONOGEAPHIC INTELLIGENCER : A monthly journal de-
voted to Phonography, Phonotypy, Brief Longhand, Phonology, Ety-
mology, Elocution, Grammar, etc. Editor, Andrew J. Graham. Fifty
cents per annum.
PHONETIC QUARTERLY, VOL. I. : A general historical and
critical review of phonetic printing from Hart, 1569, to the present
time ; containing the principal alphabets, and specimens of the phono-
typy produced with them ; with a beautifully engraved chart presenting
the typic and graphic alphabets of the Author, twenty-three phonetic
alphabets of Isaac Pitman (inclusive of the 1847 alphabet and that now
used by him), and the alphabet of Mr. Longley and Dr. Comstock. By
Andrew J. Graham. Paper, twenty-five cents ; muslin, forty cents.
ALPHABETICAL TRACT : Being No, 4, Vol. I. Phonetic Quar-
terly; in which are contained Graham's and Longley's Alphabets (on
opposite pages), and specimens of the phonotypy produced by each;
with a criticism and comparison of the two alphabets in view of obvious
phonetic and typographical principles. Designed to answer the question
— " Which alphabet should I, as a lover of truth, support .'" " Prove
all things, and hold fast that which is good." Three cents each; eight-
een cents per packet of eight ; twenty-five cents per packet of twelve.
PHONOGRAPHY AND ITS USES. A Compilation of the best
recommendations of Phonetic Shorthand. Two cents each. Postage,
one cent. In packets of five, post-paid, twelve cents. Five Hundred,
with the purchaser's advertisement, seven dollars and fifty cents.
UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHER for 1855. Consists of nearly
300 8vo. pages, 192 of which are in phonetic shorthand, and the re-
mainder in phonotypy, phonetic longhand, and common print. Bound
in muslin, one dollar and fifty cents.
UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHER for 1854. Numbers for March,
April, May, June, July, August, September, November, and Decem-
ber. Six cents each.
REPORTER'S MANUAL ; A complete exposition of the Report-
ing Style of Phonography. By Andrew J Graham. Sixty-three cents.
PHONOGRAPHIC NUMERALS : A System for the Rapid Ex-
pression of Numbers, (Engraved in Phonography.) By Andrew J.
Graham. Fifteen cents.
GKAIIAMS CATALOGUE. 3
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF DR. JAMES W. STONE.
With a Portrait. By a Friend. With an Appendix Explanatory of tho
Peculiarities of Standard Phonography. By Andrew. J. Graham.
(The whole beautifully engraved in phonography.) Twenty-five cents.
PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET- Ten cents for packet of ten.
PHONETIC ALPHABET and Specimen of Phonotypy. Ten
cents for packet of ten.
PHONOGRAPHIC ENVELOPES: splendidly engraved. Sixty
cents per hundred. By mail, twenty-five cents per packet of twenty-five.
ADVERTISING ENVELOPES. Contain a Kst (in common type)
of the principal works for sale at the Phonetic Depot. Per packet of
twenty- five, ten cents ; by mail, eighteen cents.
THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE : An argument for a reformed
orthography, as a means of aiding the universal diffusion of the English
language. By Wra. White. (In the common spelling, with a specimen
of phonotypy.) Eight cents.
EXERCISES IN PHONOGRAPHY. By Isaac Pitman. Con-
tains progressive phonographic reading exercises, with interlined key in
common type. Thirty-two cents.
FIRST BOOK in Phonetic Heading, with " Directions to Teachers"
how to use it. Printed in very^ large and beautiful type. Three cents.
^W A child or ignorant adult may be taught to read the common
print in one third of the time ordinarily required, by teaching pho-
netic print first.
SECOND BOOK in Phonetic Reading. Five cents.
LUCY'S TEMPTATION, and other little stories for children. In
Phonetic Print. Paper covers, ten cents ; muslin, fifteen cents.
OUTLINES OF ASTRONOMY. In Phonetic Print, with plates.
Fifteen cents.
PORTRAIT OF ISAAC PITMAN, inventor of Phonetic Short
hand. Twenty -five cents
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
ayy an m%Miam * ^^ Angeles
This book is DUE on the last date stamped below.
IJfNIVERSn Y ol CALIFOKXMiA
AT
LOS ANGELES
LIBRARY
UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY
A 000 570 376 4
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