y ? ?i< m A NEW GAZETTEER, OR GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, OP NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES, CONTAINING I. A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF NORTH AMERICA. II. A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OP THE UNITED STATES; THE DECLARATION OP INDEPENDENCE AND CONSTITU TION OF THE UNITED STATES. III. A DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE STATES, COUNTIES, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, FORTS, SEAS, HARBORS, CAPES, RIVERS, LAKES, CANALS, RAIL-ROADS, MOUNTAINS, &c. CONNECTED WITH NORTH AMERICA; WITH THE EXTENT, BOUNDARIES AND NATURAL PRODUCTIONS OF EACH STATE ; THE BEARING AND DISTANCE OF REMARKABLE PLACES FROM EACH OTHER AND OF EACH FROM THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, WITH THE POPULATION ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF 1830. CONTAINING LIKEWISE MANY TABLES RELATING TO THE COMMERCE, POPULATION, REVENUE, DEBT, AND VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES. COMPILED FROM THE MOST RECENT AND AUTHENTIC SOURCES BY BISHOP DAVENPORT. Baltimore: PUBLISHED BY GEORGE M DOWELL & SON. 1833. Entered according to the act of congress, in the year 1832, by George M Dowell & George H. M Dowell, in the clerk s office of the district court of Maryland. STEREOTYPED BY J. HOWE. NORTH AMERICA. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. NORTH AMERICA extends from the Isthmus of Darien, N. lat. 8 Extent to the utmost known regions of the north, and spreads from Beh- ring s Straits to those of Bellisle, or rather, to embrace Greenland. Its breadth is very irregular, not exceeding 15 or 20 miles near Panama ; whilst from Beh- ring s Straits to the Straits of Bellisle, it extends to a distance of 3,300 geo graphical, or 3,800 English miles, bearing N. 76 W. From the Straits of Bellisle to the isthmus of Darien, is 4,500 geographical, equal to 5212 English miles. North America is traversed by two great chains, and several minor _ mi i Mountains. ranges of mountains. The Appalachian or Alleghany mountains, extend through the United States from NE. to S W. from the state of New York to Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, with a mean width of about 50 miles. Several detached ranges or groups rise NE. off the Hudson, and SE. off the St. Lawrence. The Masserne, or Ozark mountains, extend from the centre of the state of Missouri towards Texas, in a direction nearly parallel to the Appa lachian chain. The length of the Appalachian is about 900 miles, with a mean elevation of from 1,200 to 2,000 feet. The extent of the Masserne chain, is not very accurately known, but must exceed 600 miles ; its mean height can not, in the present state of geographical knowledge, be estimated with any ap proximate degree of accuracy. The great spine of North America, is the Chip- pewan, Rocky, or as it is termed in Mexico, that of Anahuac. This immense chain reaches from the peninsula of Tehuantepec, N. lat. 16, to the Frozen Ocean at N. lat. 68, or through upwards of 50 degrees of latitude ; encircling nearly one-seventh part of the globe. In neither the Appalachian, or Masserne chains, nor in any of their neighboring groups, have any active or extinct vol canoes been discovered ; but in the southern part of the great central chain, an immense range of volcanoes or volcanic summits rise to from 10,000 to 17,700 feet. It is generally supposed that the mountains of the isthmus of Darien, are continuations of the chain of Anahuac ; but there is strong reason to believe, that the former are distinct and unconnected with the latter. A nameless range skirts along the Pacific Ocean, which, from the defective surveys yet taken, cannot be very distinctly delineated. That part of North America west of the Chippewan mountains, and north of Colorado river, except the central parts of the valley of Columbia, remains either imperfectly or entirely unknown. North America has five great systems of rivers ; that of the At lantic Ocean ; that of the Gulf of Mexico ; that of the Frozen Ocean ; that of Hudson s Bay ; and that of the Pacific Ocean. In the Atlantic system, the principal rivers are, St. Johns of Florida, Altamaha, Savannah, Santee, Pedee, Cape Fear, Roanoke, James, Potomac, Susquehanna, Delaware, Hudson, Connecticut, Kenebec, Penobscot, St. John s of New Brunswick, and St. Law rence. In the system of Hudson s Bay are included, besides many streams of lesser note, Rupert s, Albany, Severn, and Sashasshawin rivers. Into the North ern Ocean, M Kenzie s river is the only stream of considerable magnitude yet known, to enter from the continent of North America. The rivers of the cen- tral valley of North America, are discharged into the Gulf of Mexico, amongst which the Mississippi presents its overwhelming flood ; but besides that vast river, the Appalachicola, Mobile, Colorado of the Gulf of Mexico, Rio Grande del Norte, and several others, are streams of great magnitude. The Santiago, Hiaqui, the Colorado of the gulf of California, and the Columbia, are the only *? S. JB 6* GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF extensive rivers, the courses of which are correctly known, which enter th Pacific Ocean from the continent of North America. Div sions North America comprises three great divisions ; 1st, British Amer ica, in the north ; 2d, the United States, in the middle ; and 3d Mexico and Guatimala, or Central America, in the south : in addition to these. Greenland, in the north-east, belongs to Denmark ; and there are Russian pos sessions in the north-west. The most important islands are Newfoundland, Cape Breton, St. John s, Rhode Island, Long Island, and the Bermudas, on the east ern coast ; Queen Charlotte s Island, Quadra and Vancouver s Island, King George s Island, and the Fox Islands, on the western coast. Bays, Gulfs, The five largest Bays, or Gulfs, are Baffin s and Hudson s bays ; and Lakes. an( j the gulfs of St. Lawrence, Mexico, and California. The Lakes of North America are the largest collections of fresh water in the world. Some of the principal ones are lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, Win- nipeg, Athapescow, Slave Lake, and Great Bear Lake. The largest of these great lakes is lake Superior, which is 490 miles in length, and is as much af fected by storms as the ocean. It is remarkable for the transparency of its waters, and abounds in fish. The Pictured Rocks, on the south side of lake Superior, are a range of precipitous cliffs, rising to the height of 300 feet, and are regarded as a great curiosity. inhabitants ^ e mna ki tants may be divided into three classes Whites, Ne groes, and Indians. The whites are descendants of Europeans, who have migrated to America since its discovery. The negroes are mostly held in slavery, and are descendants of Africans forced from their native country. The Indians are the aborigines of the country, and generally savage. They are of a copper complexion, fierce aspect, tall, straight, athletic, and capable of enduring great fatigue. They are hospitable and generous, faithful in their friendship, but implacable in their resentments. Their common occupations are hunting, fishing, and war. At the time of the discovery of America, the natives, in some parts, particularly in Mexico and Peru, were considerably advanced in civilization. For the most part, they con tinue a distinct people, and retain their savage customs ; but in some instances they have mingled with the white population. In North America, they possess almost all the countr^? except the southern and eastern parts ; that is, the north ern part of Mexico, most of the territory of the United States which lies west of the Mississippi, and nearly all the vast regions which lie north of the United States territory, and west of the St. Lawrence. Customs The following account is mostly taken from the American Ency- and Dispo- clopedia : ~ When the Europeans first arrived in America, they N* American 6 found the Indians quite naked, except those parts which even the Indians. m0 st uncultivated people usually conceal. Since that time, however, they generally use a coarse blanket, which they buy of the neighboring planters. Their huts, or cabins, are made of stakes of wood driven into uts, tc. ^ e ground, and covered with branches of trees or reeds. They lie on the floor, either on mats or the skins of wild beasts. Their dishes are of timber ; but their spoons are made of the skulls of wild oxen, and their knives of flint. A kettle and a large plate constitute almost the whole utensils of the family. Cartwright assures us, that in Labrador, he met with a family of na tives who were living in a cavern hollowed out of the snow. This extraordi nary habitation was seven feet high, ten or twelve in diameter, and was shaped like an oven, A large piece of ice served as a door. A lamp lighted the in- side, in which the inhabitants were lying on skins. At a short distance was a kitchen, likewise constructed of snow. They describe a circle on the frozen enow, and cutting it into segments with their knives, build it up with great reg- NORTti AMERICA. ? ularity, till the blocks of snow meet at the top, and constitute a graceful dome. Captain Parry says their huts are numerous in many parts of Melville Islands, in latitude 74 N., and that he saw many of the natives in the islands of the Archipelago of Barrow s Straits, though their timidity prevented any inter course. These polar men are little, squat, and feeble ; their complexion par takes less of a copper hue, than of a reddish and dirty yellow. There is established in each society a certain species of govern- Form of ment, which prevails over the whole continent of America, with ex- Government, ceeding little variation ; because over the whole of this continent the manners and way of life are nearly similar and uniform. Without arts, riches, or lux ury, the great instruments of subjection in polished societies, an American has no method by which he can render himself considerable among his compan ions, but by superiority in personal qualities of body or mind* But, as nature has not been very lavish in her personal distinctions, where all enjoy the same education, all are pretty much on an equality, and will desire to remain so. Liberty, therefore, is the prevailing passion oif the Americans ; and their gov ernment, under the influence of this sentiment, is, perhaps, better secured than by the wisest political regulations. They are very far, however, from despi sing all sort of authority : they are attentive to the voice of wisdom, which ex perience has conferred on the aged, and they enlist under the banners of the chief in whose valor and military address they have learned to repose a just and merited confidence. In every society, therefore, there is to be considered the power of the chiefs and of the elders. Among those tribes most engaged in war, the power of the chief is, naturally, predominant ; because the idea of having a military leader was the first source of his superiority, and the con tinual exigencies of the state requiring such a leader, will continue to support and even to enhance it. His power, however, is rather persuasive than coer cive ; he is reverenced as a father, rather than feared as a monarch. He has no guards, no prisons, no officers of justice, and one act of ill-judged violence would pull him from his humble throne. The elders in the other form of gov ernment, which may be considered as a mild and nominal aristocracy, have no more power. In most countries, therefore, age alone is sufficient for acquiring respect, influence, and authority. It is age which teaches experience, and ex perience is the only source of knowledge among a savage people. Among the different tribes, business is conducted with the utmost p u biic AS- simplicity, and which may recall, to those who are acquainted with seml >iiea. antiquity, a picture of the most early ages. The heads of families meet to gether in a house or cabin appointed for the purpose. Here the business is dis cussed ; and. here those of the nation, distinguished for their eloquence or wis dom, have an opportunity of displaying those talents. Their orators, like those of Homer, express themselves in a bold figurative style, stronger than refined, or rather softened, nations can well bear* and with gestures equally violent, but often extremely natural and expressive. When the business is over, and they happen to be well provided with food, they appoint a feast upon the occasion, of which almost the whole nation partakes. The feast is accompanied with a song, in which the real or fabulous exploits of their forefathers are celebrated* They have dances likewise, though, like those of the Greeks and Romans, they are chiefly of the military kind; and their music and dancing accompany every feast. To assist their memory, they have belts of small shells, or beads Wampum, of different colors, each representing a different object, which is or belts< marked by their color and arrangement. At the conclusion of every subject on which they discourse, when they treat with a foreign state, they deliver one of those belts ; for if this ceremony should be omitted, all that they have said passes for nothing. These belts are carefully deposited in each town, as the ft GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF public records of the nation ; and to them they occasionally have recourse, when any public contest happens with a neighboring tribe. If we except hunting and fishing, war is the principal employ" ment of the Indian men : almost every other concern, but in partic ular the little agriculture which they enjoy, is consigned to the women. The most common motive of the Americans for entering into war, when it does not arise from an accidental rencounter or interference, is either to revenge them selves for the death of some lost friend, or to acquire prisoners, who may assist them in their hunting, and whom they adopt into their society. These wars are either undertaken by some private adventurers, or at the instance of the whole community. In the latter case, all the young men who are disposed to go out to battle (for no one is compelled contrary to his inclination), give a bit of wood to the chief, as a token of their design to accompany him ; for every thing among these people is transacted with a great deal of ceremony and with many forms. ceremonies ^ e chief, who is to conduct them, fasts several days, during beforeseuing which time he converses with no one, and is particularly careful to out - observe his dreams ; which the presumption natural to savages gen erally renders as favorable as he could desire. A variety of other superstitions and ceremonies are observed. One of the most hideous is setting the war kettle on the fire, as an emblem that they are going out to devour their enemies ; which among these nations, it is probable, was formerly the case, since they still con tinue to express it in clear terms, and use an emblem significant of the ancient usage. Then, they dispatch a porcelain, or large shell, to their allies, inviting them to come along, and drink the blood of their enemies. They think that those in their alliance must not only adopt their enmities, but that they must also have their resentments wound up to the same pitch with themselves : and indeed no people carry their friendships or their resentments so far as they do. Having finished all the ceremonies previous to the war, and the day ap pointed for their setting out on the expedition being arrived, they take leave of their friends, and exchange their clothes, or whatever movables they have, in token of mutual friendship ; after which they proceed from the town, their wives and female relations walking before, and attending them to some distance. The warriors march all dressed in their finest apparel, and most showy orna ments, without any order. The chief walks slowly before them, singing the war-song, while the rest observe the most profound silence. When they come up to their women, they deliver them all their finery, and putting on their worst clothes, proceed on their expedition, auickness of The great qualities of an Indian war are vigilance and attention, their senses. to gi ve an( j avo id surprise ; and, indeed, in these they are superior to all nations in the world. Accustomed to continual wandering in the forest ; having their perceptions sharpened by keen necessity, and living, in every re spect, according to nature, their external senses have a degree of acuteness, which, at first view, appears incredible. They can trace out their enemies, at an immense distance, by the smoke of their fires, which they smell, and by the tracks of their feet upon the ground, imperceptible to an European eye, but which they can count, and distinguish, with the utmost facility. It is said, they can even distinguish the different nations with whom they are acquainted, and can determine the precise time when they passed, where an European could not, with all his glasses, distinguish footsteps at all. These circumstances, however, are of less importance, because their savage enemies are equally well acquainted with them, vigilance When they go out, therefore, they take care to avoid making use and circum- of any thing by which they might run the danger of a discovery. They lighted no fires to warm themselves, or to prepare victuals : they lie close to the ground all day, and travel only in the night ; and marching NORTH AMERICA. 9 along in files, he that closes the rear, diligently covers with leaves the tracks of his own feet, and of theirs who preceded him. When they halt to refresh themselves, scouts are sent out to reconnoitre the country, and beat up every place where they suspect an enemy to lie concealed. In this manner they enter unawares, the villages of their foes ; and while the flower of the nation are en gaged in hunting, massacre all the children, women, and helpless old men ; 01 make prisoners of as many as they can manage, or have strength enough to be useful to their nation. But when the enemy is apprized of their design, and comes on in arms against them, they throw themselves flat on the ground among the withered herbs and leaves, which their faces are painted to resemble. They then allow a part to pass unmolested, when, all at once, with a tremen dous shout, rising up from their ambush, they pour a storm of musket-balls, or arrows, on their foes. The party attacked returns the same cry. Manner of Every one shelters himself with a tree, and returns the fire of the fi g ntin - adverse party, as soon as they raise themselves from the ground to give a second fire. Thus does the battle continue until one party is so much weak ened as to be incapable of farther resistance. In their battles death appears in a thousand hideous forms, which would congeal the blood of civilized nations to behold, but which rouses the fury of savages. They, trample, they insult, over the dead bodies, and tear the scalp from the head. The flame rages on till it meets with no resistance ; then the prisoners are secured, those unhappy men whose fate is a thousand times more dreadful than theirs who have died in the field. The conquerors set up a hideous howling, to lament the friends they have lost. They approach, in a melancholy and severe gloom, to their own village ; a messenger is sent to announce their arrival, and the women, with frightful shrieks, come out to mourn their dead brothers, or their hus bands. When they are arrived, the chief relates in a low voice, to the elders, a circumstantial account of every particular of the expedition. The orator pro claims aloud this account to the people ; and as he mentions the names of those who have fallen, the shrieks of the women are redoubled. The men, too, join in these cries, according as each is most connected with the deceased by blood or friendship. The last ceremony is the proclamation of the victory ; each in dividual then forgets his private misfortunes, and joins in the triumphs of his nation ; all tears are wiped from their eyes, and by an unaccountable transi tion, they pass, in a moment, from the bitterness of sorrow, to an extrava gance of joy. But the treatment of their prisoners, whose fate all this time re mains undecided, is what chiefly characterizes the savages. The person who has taken the captive attends him to the cottage, where, according to the distribution made by the elders, he is to be o/thtirpris delivered to supply the loss of a citizen. If those who receive him Oner8- have their family weakened by war or other accidents, they adopt the captive into the family, of which he becomes a member. But if they have no occasion for him, or their resentment for the loss of their friends be too high to endure the sight of one connected with those who were concerned in it, they sentence him to death. All those who have met with the same severe sentence being collected, the whole nation is assembled at the execution, as for some great solemnity. A scaffold is erected, and the prisoners are tied to the stake, where they commence their death-song, and prepare for the ensuing scene of cruelty with the most undaunted courage. Their enemies, on the other side, are deter mined to put it to the proof, by the most refined and exquisite tortures. They begin at the extremity of his body, and gradually approach the more shocking vital parts. One plucks out his nails by the roots, one by one ; an- tortur es- other takes a finger into his mouth, and tears off the flesh with his teeth ; a third thrusts the finger, mangled as it is, into the bowl of his pipe made red-hot, which he smokes like tobacco ; then they pound his toes and fingers to pieces between two stones ; they cut circles about his joints, and gashes in the flesh v B 10 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF parts of his limbs, which they sear immediately with red-hot irons, cutting, burning, and pinching them, alternately ; they will pull off his flesh thus man gled and roasted, bit by bit, devouring it with greediness, and smearing their faces with the blood, in an enthusiasm of horror and fury. When they have thus torn off the flesh, they twist the bare nerves and tendons about an iron, tearing and snapping them, whilst others are employed in pulling and extend ing his limbs in every way that can increase the torment. This continues often five or six hours ; and sometimes, such is the strength of the savages, days together. Then they frequently unbind him, to give a breathing to their fury, to think what new torments they shall inflict, and to refresh the strength of the sufferer, who, wearied out with such a variety of unheard-of cruelties, often falls into such a profound sleep, that they are obliged to apply the fire to awake him, and renew his sufferings. He is again fastened to the stake, and again they renew their cruelty ; they stick him all over with small matches of wood that easily take fire, but burn slowly ; they continually run sharp reeds into all parts of his body ; they drag out his teeth with pincers, and thrust out his eyes ; and lastly, after having burned his flesh from the bones with slow fires ; after having so mangled the body that it is all but one wound ; after having mutilated his face in such a manner as to carry nothing human in it ; after having peeled the skin from the head, and poured a heap of red-hot coals or boiling water upon the naked skull, they once more unbind the wretch ; who, blind, and staggering with pain and weakness, assaulted and pelted on every side with clubs and stones, now up, now down, falling into their fires at every step, runs hither and thither, until one of the chiefs, whether out of compassion, or weary of cruelty, puts an end to his life with a club or dagger. The body is then put into a kettle, and this barbarous custom is succeeded by a feast as barbarous. The women are said to surpass even the men in this scene of hor ror : while the principal persons of the country sit round the stake, smoking and looking on, without the least emotion. Constancy of What is the most extraordinary, the sufferer himself, in the little the sufferers, intervals of his torments, smokes too, appears unconcerned, and con verses with his torturers about indifferent matters. Indeed, during the whole time of his execution, there seems a contest which shall exceed, they in inflict ing the most horrid pains, or he in enduring them with a firmness and con stancy almost above human : not a groan, not a sigh, not a distortion of coun tenance escapes him : he possesses his mind entirely in the midst of his torments : he recounts his own exploits : he informs them what cruelties he has inflicted on their countrymen ; and threatens them with the revenge that will attend his death ; and, though his reproaches exasperate them to a perfect madness of rage and fury, he continues his insults even of their ignorance of the art of tormenting, pointing out himself more exquisite methods, and more sensible parts of the body to be afflicted. Friendshi Nothing can exceed the warmth of their affection towards their p friends, who consist of all those who live in the same village, or are in alliance with it. Their friendship principally appears by the treatment of their dead. Where any one of the society is cut off, he is lamented by the whole : on this occasion a variety of ceremonies is practised, denoting the most lively sorrow. No business is transacted, however pressing, till all the pious Treatment ceremonies due to the dead are performed. The body is washed of their dead anointed, and painted. Then the women lament the loss with hideous howlings, intermixed with songs which celebrate the great actions of the deceased and his ancestors. The men mourn also, though in a less extravagant manner. The whole village is present at the interment, and the corpse is habited in their most sumptuous ornaments. Close to the body of the deceased are placed his bows and arrows, with whatever he valued most in his life, and a quantity of provision for his subsistence on the journey which he is NORTH AMERICA. 11 supposed to take. This solemnity, like every other, is attended with feasting. The funeral being ended, the relations of the deceased confine themselves to their huts, for a considerable time, to indulge their grief. After an interval of some weeks, they visit the grave, repeat their sorrow, new-clothe the remains of the body, and act over again all the solemnities of the funeral. To such extremes do the Indians push their friendship or their enmity ; and such indeed, in general, is the character of all strong and uncultivated minds. Religion is not the prevailing character of Indians ; and except Their reii- when they have some immediate occasion for the assistance of their gion gods, they pay them no sort of worship. Like all other rude nations, however, they are strongly addicted to superstition. They believe in the existence of a number of good and bad spirits, who interfere in the concerns of mortals, and produce all our happiness or misery. It is from the evil spirits, in particular that our diseases, they imagine, proceed ; and it is to the good spirits we are indebted for a cure. Such, in general, are the customs and manners of the Indian nation ; but almost every tribe has something peculiar to itself. The following statement as to their population in the United States is from the American Almanac, 1831. Number of Indians within the Within New England and Virginia, New York, Pennsylvania, North Carolina South Carolina Georgia .... Tennessee, ... Alabama, ... Mississippi, ... Louisiana, ... Ohio, Indiana, ... Illinois, ... Missouri, ... United States, as estimated by the War Department. Within Michigan Peninsula, 9,340 Arkansas Territory, - - 7,200 Florida Territory, - - 4,000 North-west or Huron Ter. - 20,200 Between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, exclusive of the states of Louisiana and Missouri, and Arkansas Territory, 94,000 Within the Rocky Mountains, 20,000 West of the Rocky Mountains 2,573 4,820 - 300 3,100 . 300 5,000 1,000 19,200 23,400 939 1,877 4,050 5,900 5,631 between Lat. 44 and 49, 80,000 Total within the U. States, 313,130 Climate. The climate of North America is various ; that part lying north of latitude 50, is a cold, barren, and desolate region. The part between 30 and 50 is subject to extremes of heat and cold. South of latitude 30 the climate is warm, producing the principal tropical fruits in abundance. UNITED STATES GENERAL DESCRIPTION. THE territory of the United States embraces the middle division of North America, extending from the Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific on the west. Its extreme length from the Pacific ocean to Passamaquoddy Extent and Bay, is 3,000 miles ; its greatest breadth, from the southern point boundaries, of Florida, to the Lake of the Woods, is estimated to be 1,700 miles. &c On the north-east, a conventional line divides it from New Brunswick, extend ing from Passamaquoddy Bay northward to the 48th parallel, embracing the head waters of the river St. John. From this extreme northern point, the boundary line passes along the ridge of mountains south-westward to the 45th parallel, and then along this parallel till it strikes the St. Lawrence, 120 miles 12 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OP below Lake Ontario. It then follows the river and chain of lakes, Ontario, Erie, St. Clair, Huron, and Superior, proceeding from the last by the course of the river La Pluie, or Rainy River, to the Lake of the Woods, from which it passes along the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains. On the west of the mountains, the Americans have an unquestioned claim to the country from the 42d to the 54th parallel. On the south, the United States are bounded by the Gulf of Mexico ; and on the south-west, the boundary ex tends from the mouth of the river Sabine, in a north-west direction, to a point in the Rocky Mountains, in north latitude 42, and west longitude 108, from which it passes along the 42d parallel to tta Pacific ocean. Two great cnains of mountains traverse the territory of the United States, in a direction approaching to south and north : the Allegha- ny on the east, and the Rocky Mountains on the west. They divide the country into an eastern, a western, and a middle division, the latter comprising the great basin or valley of the Mississippi. For a particular description of the mountains, see the article Alleghany, &c. Lakes and The two largest lakes wholly within the United States are Michigan rivers. an( j Champlain. Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, lie one half in this country, and one half in Upper Canada. The United States contain many large and navigable rivers ; some of the principal of which are the Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, Potomac, James, Savannah, Ohio, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Red River, and the Oregon or Columbia. A particular description of the lakes and rivers will be found under their respective heads. Climate ^ e c ^ mate ** ^ e United States is remarkably inconstant and variable. It passes rapidly from the frosts of Norway to the scorch ing heats of Africa, and from the humidity of Holland to the drought of Cas tile. A change of 20 or 25 degrees of Fahrenheit, in one day, is not consid ered extraordinary. Even the Indians complain of the sudden variations of temperature. In sweeping over a vast frozen surface, the north-west wind ac quires an extreme degree of cold and dryness, and operates very injuriously on the human frame. The south-east, on the other hand, produces on the At lantic coast effects similar to those of the sirocco. The south-west has the same influence in the plains to the east of the Alleghanies : when it blows, the heat frequently becomes painful and suffocating. In the mountains, however, where the summer heat is moderate, even in the southern states, the fresh and blooming complexion of young persons, is a proof of the purity and salubrity of the atmosphere. The same ruddy complexion prevails in New England and in the interior of Pennsylvania ; but the pale countenances of the inhabitants of all the low country, from New York to Florida, reminds a stranger of the Creoles in the West India Islands. In this region malignant fevers are preva lent in September and October. The countries situated to the west of the Allegha nies are in general more temperate and healthful. The south-west wind there brings rain, while the same effect is produced on the other side of the moun tains by the north-east wind. But the north-east wind, which covers the At lantic coast with thick fogs, is dry and elastic on the banks of the Ohio. When we compare the climate on the opposite sides of the Atlantic, we find that the extremes of temperature are greater, and that the winter s cold is more severe on the west side than on the east. The mean temperature of the year, accord ing to Humboldt, is 9 degrees (Fahr.) lower at Philadelphia than in the corre sponding latitudes on the coast of Europe. The mouth of the Delaware is gen erally shut by ice for six or eight weeks, and that of the St. Lawrence for five months in the year. Throughout the United States, the rains are sudden ana heavy, and the dews extremely copious. Storms of thunder and lightning are also much more common and formidable than in Europe. THE UNITED STATES. 13 A general Land Office exists at Washington, which is vested Public Lands, exclusively with the power of contracting with the Indians for the sal of - sale of their lands. The business of the Land Office is the survey and sale of the public lands. These lands are purchased of the Indians by treaty with the government of the United States. Private individuals are not allowed to have any transactions of this description with the natives ; and the law has been rigorously observed. Sub Land Offices are established at the follow ing places : Ohio, Stubenville, Marietta, Cincinnati, Chillicothe, Zanesville, Wooster, Piqua, Tiffin. Indiana, Jefferson ville, Vincennes, Indianapolis, Craw- fordsville, Fort Wayne. Illinois, Kaskaskia, Shawneetown, Edwardsville, Vandalia, Palestine, Springfield. Michigan Territory, Detroit, Monroe. Mis souri, St. Louis, Franklin, Cape Girardeau, Lexington, Palmyra. Arkansas Territory, Batesville, Little Rock. Louisiana, Ouachita, Opelousas, New Or leans, St. Helena C. H. Mississippi, Washington. Augusta, Mount Salus. Alabama, St. Stephens, Huntsville, Tuscaloosa, Cahawba, Sparta. Florida Territory, Tallahasse, St. Augustine. The aggregate of all the unsold and unappropriated public lands of the United States, surveyed and unsurveyed, on which the Indian title remains or has been extinguished, lying within, and without the boundaries of the new states and territories, according to a report made to congress in April 1832, [3 1,090,871,753 acres. The lands are surveyed and set off into townships of six miles square, each of which is divided into thirty-six sections, of one mile square, or 640 acres. The dividing lines run in the direction of the cardinal points, crossing one another at right angles. One section, or one thirty-sixth part of every township, is allotted for the support of schools, and in the coun try west of the Alleghanies, seven entire townships have been given, in perpe tuity, for the endowment of superior seminaries of learning. The lands are offered to public sale, in quarter sections, of 160 acres, at the minimum price of one and one fourth dollar per acre, and whatever remains unsold^ may be purchased privately at this price. Formerly, the minimum price was two dol lars per acre, payable in four years, by four instalments ; but by act of con gress, in 1821, it was fixed at one and one fourth dollar ready money. This new regulation was adopted to discourage the practice of speculating in land, and to lessen the litigation arising out of protracted payments. The title deed is printed on a small sheet of parchment, with the date ; the purchaser s name, and the topographical situation of the ground, are inserted in writing. It is subscribed by the president of the United States and the agent of the Land Office, and delivered without charge to the purchaser, who may transfer the property to another person by a process equally cheap and simple. In a country having so many varieties of soil and climate as the Agricultural United States, there is necessarily a considerable diversity in the Productions, agricultural productions. Maize, or Indian corn, is cultivated in all parts of the country, but succeeds best in the middle states. Wheat is also raised in all parts of the country, but thrives best in the middle and western states. The cultivation of tobacco begins in Maryland and Virginia. Cotton grows as far north as 39, but its cultivation is not profitable beyond the latitude of 37. This useful plant was first raised for exportation only in 1791. It is now pro duced in immense quantities from the river Roanoke to the Mississippi, and forms the leading export of the United States. The best grows upon dry situ ations in Carolina and Georgia, on the sea-coast. The rice crops, which re quire great heat, and a soil susceptible of irrigation, commence about the same parallel, and have nearly the same geographical range. The sugar cane grows in low and warm situations, as high as latitude 33 ; but the climate favorable to its cultivation does not extend beyond 31 . Oats, rye, and barley, are raised in all the northern and middle states : in the western states wheat, hemp, 14 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF and flax are the staple productions. In addition to the above, buckwheat, peas, beans, potatoes, turnips, &c. ; apples, pears, cherries, peaches, grapes, cur rants, gooseberries, plums, &c., are extensively cultivated in various parts of the country. Table, showing the estimated quantities of different articles produced on an acre, in the principal parts of the United States. Explanations, g. c. good crop, c. c. common crop. AVERAGE BUSHEL PER ACRE. 6 >* & >> ^ 1 o5 a 1 o g >r 3 d Buckwheat. 1 1 1 New England - g. c. c. c. 30 11 35 15 40 20 45 30 45 30 30 15 400 150 450 200 New York - - g. c. c. c. 32 10 35 12 40 14 45 25 45 25 35 16 300 90 350 100 Pennsylvania g. c. c. c. 35 10 35 12 40 13 45 15 45 15 35 16 300 65 350 75 New Jersey- - g. c. c. c. 30 9 30 11 35 12 35 14 35 14 30 15 250 60 250 65 Delaware - - g. c. c. c. 35 10 35 12 34 13 56 15 36 15 30 16 250 65 250 65 Virginia - - - g. c. c. c. 30 7 35 9 35 9 45 25 45 25 30 15 150 60 150 75 Carolina - - - g. c. c. c. 25 6 20 10 25 8 45 23 45 23 20 15 60 50 75 50 Western States g. c. c. c. 40 25 45 25 45 36 45 37 45 37 35 40 350 200 400 300 Louisiana - - g. c. 40 40 40 40 40 25 200 350 Gold is found extensively in the upper country of North Carolina, and in some few points in the adjacent parts of Virginia, South Car olina, and in Georgia. It is found in alluvial deposits, and has been lately wrought to considerable extent. Some of the ores of iron are found in almost every state ; and mines of this metal are worked in New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina. The United States are supplied with copper chiefly from Mexico and other foreign countries, but ores of this metal exist in most of the states, and in the north-west territory are said to be in great abundance, in situations easy of access. Lead is chiefly procured from Missouri, where for ty-five mines are worked, and yield three millions of pounds annually. Of coal there is a large field twenty miles long by ten broad, twelve miles from Richmond, which has been long worked. This useful mineral is also found at various places, in New England, New York, and Pennsylvania. But the most abundant supply is on the west side of the Alleghanies, where a coal formation, one of the largest in the world, extends, with some interruption, from the west ern foot of the mountains across the Mississippi. Salt is chiefly obtained from the sea, or imported in the eastern states ; but salt springs abound in various parts of the United States, particularly in the valley of the Mississippi, from the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains ; and in some situations on the western side of the valley, plains occur of many miles in circuit, which are periodically covered with a thick crust of salt. The salt springs, at Salina, in New York, are extensively worked, and vast quantities of salt are made from them annually THE UNITED STATES. 15 The legislative power in the United States is separated into two Legislative branches, the state governments, and the federal government : the P uwer - government is therefore two-fold. To the state governments is committed that branch which relates to the regulation of internal concerns. These bodies make and alter the laws which regard property and private rights, regulate the police, appoint the judges and civil officers, impose taxes for state purposes, and exercise all other rights and powers not vested in the federal go vernment by positive enactment. To the federal government belongs the pow er of making peace and war with foreign nations, raising and supporting an army and navy, fixing the organization of the militia, imposing taxes for the common defence or benefit of the Union, borrowing money, coining money, and fixing the standard of weights and measures, establishing post offices and post roads, granting patents for inventions, and exclusive copyrights to authors, regulating commerce with foreign nations, establishing uniform bankrupt laws, and a uniform rule of naturalization, and lastly, the federal tribunals judge of felonies and piracies committed on the high seas, of offences against the law of nations, and of questions between the citizens of different states. No country in the world enjoys a more free and equitable system of govern ment. All power originates with the people, who are governed by laws which are enacted by men of their own choice. The Constitution secures to the citizens the grand principles of freedom, liberty of conscience in matters of religion, liberty of the press, trial by jury, and the right of choosing and being chosen to office. The executive power, which is the power that administers the government, is vested in a president, who, together with the vice president, is chosen for four years by electors from all the states. The principal subordinate officers, in the executive department, are the secretaries of state, of the treasury, of war, and of the navy. The president is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia when in active service. He grants reprieves and par dons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. With the advice and consent of the senate, he makes treaties, nominates am bassadors, consuls, judges : and he appoints several other officers by his own authority. He must be a native born citizen, and not under thirty-five years of age. For a more full account of the power and duties of the president, the quali fications necessary for senators and representatives in congress, see Constitu tion of the United States. Senators and representatives in Congress receive an allowance of eight dol lars per day for the time they attend the session of congress, and eight dollars of travelling charges, for every twenty miles they have to travel in going and returning. Members of congress take an oath to support the constitution, but no religious test is required from them, or any person holding office under the federal government. Senators and representatives vacate their places, if they accept of an office under the federal government, and are not re-eligible while they hold it. The forms of business in congress are chiefly borrowed from those of the British parliament. Bills are read three times, and in a certain stage sent to committees ; but what is deemed a great improvement in congress, there are a large number of committees appointed in the House of Representatives, at the commencement of each session, viz. for commerce, finance, foreign affairs, &c. The federal judiciary consists of a supreme court, which sits at Washington, and a district court in each state, in which one judge sits. In the supreme court, there is a chief judge and six associate judges, who hold their office during good behavior. This court has original jurisdiction in all cases affecting ambassadors and consuls, and those in which a state is a 16 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF party. It has appellate jurisdiction in all cases arising under the federal con- stitution, in all admiralty cases, in controversies between two states, or two citizens of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states or subjects. The supreme court, deriving its power from the constitution, exercises a power not enjoyed by the inferior courts. The federal judges are appointed by the executive, with the approbation of the senate. In this and other federal courts, jurors and witnesses are allowed one dollar twenty -five cents per day, and five cents a mile for travelling expenses. State govern- The state governments are extremely similar to that of the fede- meuts. ra i m t h e j r composition. The legislature consists always of two branches, both of which are returned by the same electors ; and these electors may be said to comprise the whole adult white population ; the usual qualifica tions being citizenship, with one or two years residence, and payment of taxes. The only exceptions are the following : In Vermont, the legislature consists of a House of Representatives only ; in North Carolina, representatives are chosen by the whole resident free citizens who pay taxes, but senators only by freeholders ; in New Jersey and Virginia, the right of suffrage for both houses is limited to persons holding a small amount of landed property ; in Maryland, the senators are chosen by delegates named for the purpose by the people. In all the states, the period for which the representatives serve is either one or two years. The elections are biennial in Delaware, South Carolina, Ten nessee, Louisiana, Illinois, and Missouri; and annual in the other eighteen states. The shortest period for which the senators serve in any state is one year, and the longest Jive. In Maine, New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New- Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia, the senators hold their office for one year only ; in Ohio and Tennessee for two years ; Mississippi, Alabama, Indiana, for three years ; in New-York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, Kentucky, Louisiana, Illinois, Missouri, for four years ; and in Maryland for Jive years. Except in Maryland, when the senate of any state serves for more than one year, it is renewed by parts or divisions, one-third of the members going out annually when they serve for three years, and one-fourth when they serve for four. In some cases, however, when the senators serve for four years, the renewal is by halves every two years. Religious ^ n Pennsylvania, Mississippi, and Tennessee, a belief in a Deity, qualifications and in a future state of rewards and punishments ; and in Massachu- fice> setts, Maryland, and North Carolina, a belief in the Christian reli gion, is required as a qualification for office. In New-Jersey no protestant can be excluded. In the other states no religious test is required. Such is a brief sketch of the political system of the United States. " It has survived the tender period of infancy, and outlived the prophecies of its down fall. It has borne the nation triumphantly through a period of domestic diffi culty and external danger ; it has been found serviceable in peace and in war, and may well claim from the nation it has saved and honored, the votive bene diction of esto perpetua" Rtvenue e ex P enses ^ ^ e government are maintained without any direct taxes for its support ; the produce of the customs levied at the ports on the importation of foreign goods, and the sums derived from the sale of the public lands, constitute the whole of the public revenue. The average produce of the customs may be estimated at from 16 to 18 mil lions of dollars, and the sum derived from the sale of public lands at 1,600,000. The bank dividends consist of the interest of 7,000,000 dollars of capital, vested by the government in the national bank. Pot office ^^ e P st ffi ce yields more than a million of dollars a year ; but it is almost wholly consumed in supporting the establishment. THE UNITED STATES. 17 RATES OF POSTAGE, For single Letters, composed of one piece of paper. No. of Miles. Cents. Any distance not exceeding - V~ " / " - f^ 30 . . 6 Over 30, and not exceeding . . ^ " .. 80 .10 Over 80, do , . -i " I* > :* 150 - . J2$ Over 150, do - * - 400 - ; : ": - 18| Over 400, - T TV. - - iJr , . ,., 25 Double Letters, or those composed of two pieces of paper, are charged with double those rates. Triple Letters, or those composed of three pieces of paper, are charged with triple those rates. Quadruple Letters, or those composed of four pieces of paper, are charged with quadruple those rates. All Letters, weighing one ounce avoirdupois, or more, are charged at the rate of single postage for each quarter of an ounce, or quadruple postage for each ounce, according to their weight ; and no letter can be charged with more than quadruple postage, unless its weight exceeds one ounce avoirdupois. Newspaper Postage. For each newspaper, not carried out of the state in which it is published ; or if carried out of the state, but not carried over 100 miles, 1 cent. Over 100 miles, and out of the state in which it is published, l cents. Magazines and Pamphlets. If published periodically, distance not exceeding 100 miles, l cts. per sheet. Ditto do. over 100 miles, - - 2 do. If not published periodically, distance not exceeding 100 miles, 4 do. Ditto do. over 100 miles 6 do. Small pamphlets, containing not more than a half sheet royal, are charged with half those rates. Eight pages quarto are rated as one sheet, and all other sizes in the same proportion. The number of sheets which it contains, must be printed or written on one of the outer pages of every pamphlet or magazine sent by mail. Every thing not coming under the denomination of newspapers or pamphlets, is charged with letter postage. Post-offices in 1790, 75 ; Extent of Post-roads in miles 1,875. Do. do. 1800, 903; Do. dq. do. 20,817. Do. do. 1610, 2,300; Do. do. do. 36,406. Do. do. 1820, 4,500; Do. dp,. do. 72,492. Do. 4o. 1830, 8,450; Do. do. do. 115,176. The debt of the United States consists of sums borrowed during the revolutionary war, and at various subsequent periods. The debt due by the government at the close of the war in 1783, was 42,000,375 dollars ; but no proper provision being made for the payment of the interest and the public revenue often falling short of the expenditure, the debt con . tinued to increase, and in 1790 it amounted to 79,124,464 dollars. Various measures were taken for its liquidation, but with little effect, till 1805. From that period a gradual reduction took place, till it was stopped by the war with England in 1812. In 1812 the amount of the public debt was 45,035,123 dollars, but in consequence of the loans made during the war, it amounted in 1816 to 123,016,375 dollars. Considerable progress has since been made in paying off the debt, and on the 1st of January 1832 it was reduced to $24,322,235 18. viz. C 18 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF FUNDED DEBT. Three per cent stock, revolutionary debt, (date, 4th August, 1790,) redeemable at the pleasure of the government, $13,296,626 21 Five per cent, stock, (3d March, 1821,) redeemable after January 1, 1835, - - $4,735,296 30 Do. exchanged, (20th April, 1822,) redeem able 1831, 1832, and 1833, 56,704 77 4,792,001 07 Four and a half per cent, stock, 1832, 1833, and 1834, (May, 1824,) - 6,194,251 96 $24,282,870 24 UNFUNDED DEBT. Treasury notes, Mississippi stock, and registered debt for claims prior to 1798, - - - - - - 39,355 94 Total $24,322^235"T8 A standing army is necessarily an object of jealousy in a republi can state ; and as North America has no formidable enemy in Us vicinity, and as the people are, at the same time, extremely studious of econo my in all the branches of the government, their military force has always been kept on a very low scale. By an act of congress, 1815, the strength of the regular army was fixed at 9980 men. In 1821 it was reduced to 6442, and on the 1st of January, 1832, the number was 6,188, viz. I Major General, 2 Brigadier Generals, 1 Adjutant General, 2 Inspector Generals, 1 Quarter Master General, 4 Quarter Masters, 1 Commissary Gene ral of Subsistence, 2 Commissaries, 1 Surgeon General, 8 Surgeons, 45 Assist ant Surgeons, 1 Paymaster General, 14 Paymasters, 1 Commissary General of Purchases, 1 Assistant Engineer, 2 Military Storekeepers, 12 Colonels, 12 Lieutenant Colonels, 19 Majors, 120 Captains, 148 First Lieutenants, 148 Second Lieutenants, 11 Sergeant Majors, 11 Quartermaster Sergeants, 354 Sergeants, 424 Corporals, 14 Principal Musicians, 212 Musicians, 108 Artifi cers, 56 Ordnance Men, 4452 Privates. Aggregate, 6,188. The militia, which constitutes the principal military force of the United States, consists of all the males between the ages of 18 and 45. According to returns made mostly since 1830, it amounts to 1,262,315 men, viz. S2?g>;5g f|;i-g.| .8 Plf Tfi S a, s =>.: 00 o 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 to 3 totocototocototocococotococococoh-totocotococococo <C O OtOOCOCOOCOCOOOO-4OOOO^ODCOO>^OOOO to CO l-i^HJtOOSOSCO^OiOrffc *4COODtO W^tO* -_ H- tO>- ^OODCOO*hO OCOCOCOH-h- O5<!<!COOD<JCO^COCO>- ^ ^ ~- *^ ^-o^----- ------------- - - - - - r.- 01 ^ocoototoopot 00 CO OD O H-t ^ O 00 CO THE UNITED STATES. 19 When the militia are called into the field for actual service, they have the same pay and allowances as the regular army, but are only bound to serve for six months. The navy of the United States is small in point of numbers, but is perhaps the best organized and most effective in the world. The un expected and astonishing success of their frigates in combats with British ves sels of the same class during the late war, established at once the reputation of the American navy for skill and prowess in the eyes of Europe ; and the United States, with a very few ships, already rank high as a naval power. From 1816 to 1821, one million of dollars was expended annually in building ships of war. Since 1821 the sum thus appropriated has been reduced one half. The strength of the American navy is as follows in 1832. 7 ships of the line, 7 frigates of the first rate, 3 of the second rate, 15 sloops of war, 8 schooners. The oldest vessels are the United States, the Constitu tion, and the Constellation, all built in the year 1797. Now building in the United States, 5 ships of the line, and 7 frigates. Of the rank of lieutenants and upwards, there are 325 ; surgeons and assistant surgeons, 97 ; pursers 41 ; chaplains 9 ; midshipmen 445 ; sailing masters 30 ; boatswains 17 ; gunners 19; carpenters 13 ; sail-makers 14. In the marine corps there are 1 colonel, 9 captains, and 39 lieutenants. Name and rate. When and where built.. Line Ships. Independence - - - - 74 Franklin 74 Washington .... 74 Columbus 74 Ohio 74 North Carolina .... 74 Delaware 74 Frigates, 1st Class. United States 44 Constitution 44 Guerriere 44 Java 44 Potomac 44 Brandywine .... 44 Hudson * 44 Frigates, 2d Class. Congress 36 Constellation 36 Macedonian .... 36 Sloops of War. John Adams .... 24 Cyane 24 Erie 18 Ontario 18 Peacock 18 Boston 18 Lexington 18 Vincennes 18 Warren 18 Natchez 18 Falmouth .... 18 Fairfield 18 Vandalia 18 Boston . - - - Philadelphia ... Portsmouth, N. H. - - Washington - - - New York . . . . Philadelphia - - - Gosport, Va. - - - Philadelphia ... Boston Philadelphia ... Baltimore . . . . Washington ... Washington . . . . Purchased (New York) Portsmouth, N. H. ." Baltimore - - - - 1814 1815 1816 1819 1820 1820 1820 1797 1797 1814 1814 1821 1825 1826 1799 1797 1812 Charleston, S. C. - 1799 1815 Baltimore - - - - 1813 Baltimore 1813 New York .... 1813 Boston 1825 New York .... 1S25 New York - . . - 1826 Boston 1826 Norfolk 1827 Boston 1827 New York - - . . 1828 Philadelphia - - - - 1828 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF Name and rate. When and where built. - 18 Washington - - - . Portsmouth - ... Philadelphia - - - - Washington Portsmouth - ... Washington - New York - - - - 1828 1828 1821 1821 1820 1821 1831 1831 1823 1R23 ifi Schooners, <$fc. 12 .12 10 - 12 19 Pnv Purchased .... Pkn On 11 FtrnlhWl NAVY YARDS. There are seven navy yards belonging to, and occupied for the use of, the United States, viz. No. 1. The navy yard at Portsmouth, N. H. is situated on an island, on the east side of Piscataqua river, within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, contains fifty-eight acres, and cost $5,500. No. 2. The navy yard at Charlestown, Mass., is situated on the north side of Charles river, on a point of land east of the town of Charlestown, contains thirty-four acres, exclusive of extensive flats, and cost $39,214, including com missions and charges. No. 3. The navy yard at New York, is situated on Long Island, opposite to the city of New York, on the Wallabout Bay, contains forty acres, including the mill-pond, and cost $40,000. No. 4. The navy yard at Philadelphia is situated on the west side of the river Delaware, within the District of Southwark, adjoining the city of Phila delphia, in the state of Pennsylvania, contains eleven acres, to low- water mark, and cost $37,000. No. 5. The navy yard at Washington, in the District of Columbia, is situated on the Eastern Branch of the river Potomac, contains thirty-seven acres, and cost $4,000. No. 6. The navy yard at Gosport is situated on the south branch of Eliza beth river, adjoining the town of Portsmouth, in the state of Virginia, contains sixteen acres, and cost $12,000. No. 7. Pensacola, Florida. Rcii ion ^ was reservec ^ ^ or ^ e lawgivers of the United States to make the bold experiment of dispensing with a state-religion. In New Hamp shire the legislature is empowered to authorize, and in Massachusetts the legis lature is enjoined to require, the several towns and parishes to make adequate provision, at their own expense, for the support of Protestant ministers. The same was the case in Connecticut until 1818, when it was abolished by the new constitution. But in all the other twenty-two states, the support of religion is left entirely to the voluntary zeal of its professors. The result has shown that Christianity has a firm hold in the nature of man, and is rather injured than served by those costly establishments which so often abridge free inquiry and liberty of conscience, engender fierce animosities among rival sects, per petuate the errors and dogmas of unenlightened times, and degrade religion into an engine of civil tyranny, or the ally of ignorance and imposture. In the large towns and populous places of New England, and the middle states, reli gious instruction is more faithfully and abundantly dispensed, and religious ordi nances are more strictly and universally observed, than in any other country in the world. In newly-settled districts, where a small population is spread over a widfe surface, the means of religious instruction are often deficient. THE UNITED STATES. 21 The most numerous sects, are Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Episcopali ans, Methodists, Baptists, Lutherans, Unitarians, and Quakers. Benevolent societies, and religious institutions of every kind, are Benevolent far more numerous than in Great Britain, in proportion to the popu- Societies, lation : the following is a list of the principal : BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. NAME. Presidents. For ma. Income, 1828-9. Income, 1829-30. Connecticut Miss. Soc. Hon. Jonathan Brace, 1798 $2,070 33 #3,013 06 Philadelphia Bible Soc. Rt. Rev. Wm. White, D. D. 1808 7,724 41 Am. Board For. Miss. John C. Smith, LL. D. 1810 102,000 00 106,928 26 Am. Bap. Bd. For. Miss. Rev. Jesse Mercer, 1814 16,061 90 20,000 00 Am. Tract Society, Bost. Hon. William Reed, 1814 13,896 18 11,102 06 Am. Education Society, Samuel Hubbard, LL. D. 1816 30,434 18 30,710 14 Am. Asy. Deaf $nd Dumb, Hon. Nathaniel Terry, 1816 2,341 55 American Bible Society, Col. Richard Varick, 1816 143,184 33 170,067 55 Presby. Br. Am. Ed. Soc. Arthur Tappan, Esq. 1817 12,632 00 Board Miss. Gen. Assem. A. Green, D. D. LL. D. 1818 8,000 00 12,632 43 Methodist Miss. Society, Rev. Elijah Heading, 1819 14,176 11 13,128 00 Board Edu. Gen. Assem. Th. McAuley, D. D. 1819 Am. Colonization Society, Charles Carroll, 1819 19,561 93 20,295 00 Dutch Ref. Miss. Society, 1822 4,470 71 4,604 00 American S. S. Union, Alexander Henry, Esq. 1824 18,527 00 70,521 70 Baptist Gen. Tract Society, Rev. Wm. T. Brantly, 1824 5,256 76 5,536 39 Prison Discipline Society, Hon. William Jay, 1825 3,531 00 3,353 52 Mass. S. S. Union, Hon. William Reed, 1825 1,018 80 1,465 46 American Tract Society, S. V. S. Wilder, Esq. 1825 60,000 00 60,210 00 Am. Temperance Society, Marcus Morton, LL. D. 1826 Am. Home Miss. Society, S. Van Rensselaer, LL. D. 1826 26,997 31 33,229 00 Am. Seamen s Friend Soc. S. Thompson, LL. D. 1826 1,214 38 4,159 87 Mass. Miss. Soc. reorg. Leonard Woods, D. D. 1827 5,247 32 American Peace Society, 1828 49585 African Education Society, Rt. Rev. Wm. Meade, D. D. 1830 $485,714 20 $584,08429 PRACTICAL QUESTIONS N THE GENERAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES. 1. What are the length and breadth of the United States? 2. What are the principal chains of mountains ? 3. What is the general direction of these mountains ? 4. How do these mountains divide the United States ? 5. Which division comprises the great valley of the Mississippi ? 6. Which are the two largest lakes wholly within the United States ? 7. Mention those lakes which lie half in the United States and half in Upper Canada. 8. What are the principal rivers in the United States ? 9. What can you say of the climate 1 10. What is said of the south-west wind west of the Alleghanies? 1 1 . What is said of the mean temperature of the year at Philadelphia, com- pared with the corresponding latitudes on the coast of Europe ? 12. How long are the mouths of the Delaware and St. Lawrence shut by ice in a year ? 13. What is said of the rains and dews? 14. What of storms of thunder and lightning? 15. Mention the powers and duties vested in the general land-office at Washington. 22 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 16. At what places are other land-offices established? 17. How are the public lands obtained ? 18. How are these lands surveyed and set off? 19. How much of each township is allotted for the support of schools ? 20. How much land, west of the Alleghanies, has been set apart for the endowment of superior seminaries of learning ? 21. What is the whole number of acres of public land in 1832? 22. In what manner, and at what price, are the public lands offered for sale? 23. In what manner are the title deeds executed ? 24. What part of the United States are adapted to the cultivation of tobacco ? 25. Cotton? 26. Rice? 27. Sugar? 28. In what section of the United States is gold found ? 29. In what States are mines of iron ore worked? 30. From what country do the United States obtain copper ? 31. From what State is our lead chiefly obtained? 32. Mention in what States coal is found, and where is one of the largest formations in the world ? 33. How is salt chiefly obtained? 34. Where do salt springs abound ? 35. What is said of the salt springs at Salina, in New York ? 36. Into how many branches is the legislative power of the United States separated, and what are they ? 37. What power is committed to the State governments ? 38. What power belongs to the Federal Government, or Congress ? 39. What allowance do Senators and Representatives in Congress receive for their services ? 40. In what way do members of Congress vacate their places ? 41. In what does the Federal Judiciary consist? 42. How many Judges are there in the Supreme Court? 43. What jurisdiction has this Court ? 44. What can you say of the State governments ? 45. How often do general elections, in the different States, occur ? 46. What is the shortest period for which the Senators serve in any of the States ? 47. What the longest ? 48. Name the States where they serve one year. 49. Where they serve two years. 50. Three years. 51. Where four, and where five years. 52. What religious qualification is necessary for office, m the different States? 53. From what is the public revenue derived ? 54. What is the average produce of the customs ? 55. What sum is annually derived from the sale of public lands ? 56. What is said of the Post Office establishment ? 57. State the rates of postage, &c. 58. What does the debt of the United States consist of? What the amount ir 1832? 59. What is the amount of the standing army ? 60. Of what does the militia of the United States consist? What the num ber of militia ? Which State has the greatest number of militia ? Which next ? Which the third and fourth ? 61. How long are they bound to serve, when called into actual service? 62. What can you say of the navy of the United States ? 63. What is now the strength of the navy ? Where are the navy -yards of the United States ? 64. How is religion supported in the United States ? 65. Mention the benevolent societies of a national character. 66. Which of these has the greatest income ? 67. Which next ? Mention the others in the order of their income. THE UNITED STATES. STATISTICAL TABLES. 23 UNITED STATES. TABLE I. Population of the different States and Territories, according to Five Enumerations. States and Terri Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. tories. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. Vtaine, 96,540 151,719 228,705 298,335 399,437 N. Hampshire, 141,885 183,858 214,460 244,161 269,367 Vermont, 85,539 154,465 217,895 235,764 280,679 Massachusetts, 378,787 422,845 472,040 523,287 610,014 :lhode Island, 68,825 69,122 76,931 83,059 97,210 Connecticut, 237,946 251,002 261,942 275,248 297,513 New York, 340,120 586,050 959,049 1,372,812 1,934,000 New Jersey, 184,139 211,149 245,562 277,575 320,779 Pennsylvania, 434,373 602,545 810,091 1,049,313 1,347,672 Delaware, 59,094 64,273 72,674 72,749 76,739 Maryland, 319,728 345,824 380,546 407,350 446,913 Virginia, 747,610 880,200 974,622 1,065,366 1,211,296 North Carolina, 393,951 478,103 555,500 638,829 738,470 South Carolina, 249,073 345,591 415,115 502,741 581,458 Georgia, 82,548 162,686 252,433 340,989 516,567 Alabama, . ) Mississippi, J 8,850 40,352 $ 127,901 I 75,448 308,997 110,000 Louisiana, 76,556 153,407 215,762 Tennessee, 105,602 261,727 420,813 684,833 Kentucky, 73,677 220,959 406,511 564,317 688,844 Ohio, 45,365 230,760 581,434 937,679 Indiana, 4,651 24,520 147,178 341,582 Illinois, 215 12,282 55,211 157,575 Missouri, 19,783 66,586 140,192! Michigan Ter. 551 4,762 8,896 31,698 Arkansas Ter. 1,062 14,273 30,383 Dis. of Columbia, 14,093 24,023 33,039 39,858 Florida Territory, 34,723 Total, 3,929,326 5,309,758 7,239,903 9,638,166 12,850,240 REMARK. The first complete census of the United States was taken in 1790. The population of the Thirteen States, at the time of the Declaration of Independ ence, was not far from 2,600,000. 24 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TABLE II. The Total Population and the Number of Slaves in the United States at different Periods, with the respective Increase. Total Pop. TJ _ * 1st Census, 1790, 3,929,326 From Increase. it ate pr. ct. 2d do. 1800, 5,309,758 1790 to 1800, 1,308,232 35. 1 3d do. 1810, 7,239,903 1800 to 1810, 1,930,345 36. 3 4th do. 1820, 9,638,166 1810 to 1820, 2,398,263 33. 1 5th do. 1830, 12,850,240 1820 to 1630, 3,212,074 33. 3 Slaves. 1st Census, 1790, 697,696 From 2d do. 1800, 896,849 1790 to 1800, 199,153 28. 7 3d do. 1810, 1,191,364 1800 to 1810, 294,515 32.1 4th do. 1820, 1,538,036 1810 to 1820, 346,627 29. 1 5th do. 1830, 1,888,690 1820 to 1830, 350,654 22.8 TABLE III. The Population of the several States and Territories in 1830, the Number of Square Miles, the Population to a Square Mile, and the Number of Slaves in 1830. Population. Square Miles. Pop. to Sq. Mile. Slaves. New York, 1,934,000 Va. 66,000 Mass. 81 Va. 363,637 Pennsylvania, 1,348,000 Mo. 63,000 R. I. 75 S. C. 315,665 Virginia, 1,211,000 Geo. 61,000 Ct. 62 N. C. 246,462 Ohio, 938,000 111. 58,000 Md. 41 Geo. 217,470 North Carolina, 738,000 Ala. 51,000 N. Y. 40 Ken. 165,350 Kentucky, 689,000 N. C. 50,000 N. J. 40 Ten. 142,382 Tennessee, 685,000 Mis. 48,000 Del. 36 Ala. 117,294 Massachusetts, 610,000 La. 48,000 Pa. 29 La. 109,631 South Carolina, 581,000 N. Y. 48,000 N. H. 28 Md. 102,878 Georgia, 517,000 Pa. 47,000 Vt. 27 Mis. 50,000 Maryland, 447,000 Ten. 43,000 Ohio, 24 Mo. 24,990 Maine, 399,000 Ohio, 39,000 S, C. 19 Del. 3,305 Indiana, 342,000 Ken. 38,000 Va. J8 N. J. 2,246 New Jersey, 321^000 bid. 34,000 Ken. 18 111. 746 Alabama, 309,000 Me. 32,000 Ten. 16 Pa. 386 Connecticut, 298,000 S. C. 30,000 N. C. 15 N. Y. 46 Vermont, 281,000 Md. 11,000 Me. 12 Ct 23 New Hampshire, 269,000 Vt. 10,200 Ind. 10 R. I. 14 Louisiana, 216,000 N. H, 9,500 Geo. 8 Me. Illinois, 158,000 N. J. S,MQ Ala. 6 N.H. Missouri, 140,000 Mass. 7,500 111. 3 Vt. Mississippi, 110,000 Ct. 4,800 Mis. 2 Mass. Rhode Island, 97,000 Del. 2,100 Mo. 2 Ohio, Delaware, 77,000 R. I. 1,300 Ind. Dis. of Columbia, 40,000 Ar. T. 60,000 Flo. T. 15,510 Florida Ter. 35,000 Flo. T. 55,000 D. C. 6,050 Michigan Ter. 32,000 Mi.T. 38,000 Ar. T. 4,578 Arkansas Ter. 30,000 D. C. 100 Mich. T. 27 12,850,000 1,888,690 THE UNITED STATES. TABLE IV. COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES. Name. Place. Found Collie Vols. in Student Commencement. fd. Library Ubrarus Bowdoin, Waterville, Brunswick, Me. Waterville, do. 1794 1820 8,00 1,80 4,300 600 First Wednesday in Sepi. Last Wednesday in July Dartmouth, Hanover, N.H. 1770 6,000 8,000 Last Wed. but one 1 in August. Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 179 1,000 500 First Wednesday in August. 5 Middlebury Middlebury, do. 1800 1,846 2,322 Third Wednesday in August. i Harvard University, Williams, Cambridge, Mass Williamstown, do. 1638 1793 35,000 2,550 4,600 2,000 Last Wednesday in August. First Wednesday in Sept. ( Ambers t. Amherst, do. 182 2,380 4,515 Fourth Wednesday in August. j Brown University, Providence, R. I. 1764 6,100 6,000 First Wednesday in Sept. 1( Yale, New Haven, Conn 1700 8,500 9,000 Third Wednesday in Aug. 1] Washington, Hartford, do. 1826 5,000 1,200 First Wednesday in August, 1 t Wesleyan Univ. Middletown, do. 1831 . . l; ^olumbia* New York, N. Y. 1754 8,000 6,000 i^irst Tuesday in August 14 If Union, Hamilton, Schenectady, do. Clinton, do. 1795 1812 5,150 2,900 8,450 3,000 ? ourth Wednesday in July. ? ourth Wednesday in August. 11 Geneva, Geneva, do. 1823 500 900 ^irst Wednesday in August. 1* College of N. J. Princeton, N. J. 174f 8,000 4,000 L,ast Wednesday in Sept. 18 Rutgers, N. Brunswick, do. 1770 . . . . Third Wednesday in August. tf 2( Univ. of Pennsyl. Dickinson, Philadelphia, Penn Carlisle, do. 1755 1783 2,000 5,000 -.ast day, not Sunday, in July, fourth Wednesday in Sept. 2] feflerson, ^anonsburg, do. 1802 700 1,800 L,ast Thursday in September 22 Western University, Pittsburg, do. 1820 . . 50 jast Friday in June. 2 Washington, Washington, do. 1806 400 525 jast Thursday in September. 2^ Alleghany, Meadville, do. 1815 8,000 . . r irst Wednesday in July. 2 f Vfadison, Union Town, do. 1829 i . uly 15th. 2f St. Mary s * Baltimore, Md. 1799 10,000 . . Third Tuesday in July. i)F" T " 4* 1\<f 1 nA TV rln 1 010 rhirr} \\7~prlrnacrla in T 1 28 u m v. oi ivmry uuiu, St. John s, L>O. UO. Annapolis, do. 1 O.I x^ 1784 2,100 , Second Wednesday in Feb. 2 f Vlourit St. Mary s,* Vear Efnrnittsbg. do 1830 7,000 . . ^ast Week in June. 30 Columbian, iVashingtottj Ca. 1821 4,000 . . ourth Wednesday in Dec 31 Georgetown,* Georgetown, D. C. 1799 7,000 . . Vear the last of July. 32 William and Mary, yVilliamsburg, Va. 1693 3*600 600 uly 4th. 34 lampden-Sydney, Washington, Jniv. of Virginia, 3 rince Ed. Co. do. Lexington, do. Charlottesville, do. 1774 1812 1819 700 8,000 1,500 fourth Wednesday in Sept. Third Wednesday in April. !f> Jniv. of N. Carolina, Charleston, Chapel Hill, N. C. Charleston, S. C. 1791 1785 1,800 3,000 3,000 1,000 fourth Thursday in June, jast Tuesday in October. 38 College of S. C. Columbia, do. 1801 7,000 . . d Mon. after 4th Mon. in Nov. 19 40 I Univ. of Georgia, Alabama University, efferson Athens, Ga. Tuscaloosa, Ala. 1785 1820 180 2,000 1,000 2,250 ^irst Wednesday in August. Third Wednesday in Dec. 2 xmisiana, ackson, La. _ _ Greenville, Greenville, Tenn. 1794 3,500 Tiird Wednesday in Sept. 4 Jniv. of Nashville, Vashville, do. 1806 2,500 750 irst Wednesday in October. 45 C. Tennessee, Cnoxville, do. . . 340 200 irst Wednesday in October. 6 >ansylyania, jexineton. Ken. 1798 2,350 1,500 ,ast Wednesday in Sept. 7 Centre, )anville, do. 1822 1,258 108 uly 4th. 48 Augusta, Augusta, do. 1823 1,500 550 Thursday after 1st Wed. Aug. 49 Cumberland, rinceton, do. 1825 1,000 600 Second Thursday in Sept. 50 St. Joseph s,* Jardstown, do. 1819 1,300 . - st of August. 51 Georgetown, Georgetown, do. 1830 . . 52 Jniv. of Ohio, Lthens, Ohio. 802 1,000 1,000 Ved. after 3d Tuesday in Sept. 53 Vtiami University, Oxford, do. 824 1,000 1,200 >ast Wednesday in Sept. 54 Vestern Reserve, ludson, do. 826 1,000 100 Fourth Wednesday in August. 55 Lenyon, Gambier, do. 828 . . 56 franklin, Vew Athens, do. 824 . . . . ^ourth Wednesday in Sept. 57 ndiana, Uoomingdale, Ind. 827 182 50 L,ast Wednesday in Sept. 58 llinois, acksonville, 11. 830 600 . 59 t. Louis,* St. Louis, Mo. 829 1.200 - - * Catholic Colleges: a large part of the students in these belong to the preparatory department. D 26 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TABLE V. Theological Seminaries. frame. Place. Denomination. Com. oper ation. Vols. in Lib. Bangor Theol. Sem. - . - Bangor, Me. .... Cong. - - - 1816 1,200 Theological Seminary, . - Andover, Mass. ... Cong. . . . 1808 6,000 Theological School, . - . Cambridge, do Cong. Unit. - 1824 1,500 Theol. Institution, ... Newton, do. - - - - Baptist,. - - 1825 Theol. Dep. Yale Col.. - New Haven, Con. ... Cong. ... 1822 8,000 |Theol. Ins. Epis. Ch. - - New York, N. Y. - - . Prot. Epis. . . 1819 3,650 Theol. Sem. of Auburn, - Auburn, do. ... Presbyt. - - 1821 3,550 Hamilton Lit. & Th. In. - Hamilton, do. ... Baptist, - - - 1820 1,300 Hartwick Seminary, - - Hartwrck, do. ... Lutheran, - - 1816 900 Th..Sem. Du. Ref. Ch. - N. Brunswick, N. J. - . Dutch Ref. - - Th. Sem. Pr. Ch. U. S. . - Princeton, do. - - Presbyt. - - 1812 6,000 Sem. Luth. Ch. U. S. - - . Gettysburg, Pa. ... Evang. L. - - 1826 6,000 German Reformed, ... York, do. . . - G. Ref. Ch. - 1825 3,500 Western Th. Seminary, - . Epis. Tb. School,. Va. - - Alleghany T. do. - - - Fairfax Co. Va. - - - Presbyt - - Prot Epis. - 1828 Union Th. Seminary, . . Pr.Ed.Co. do Presbyt. 1824 Southern Tk Seminary, - Columbia, S. C. ... do. . 1829 South- Westren Th. Sem. - Maryville, Ten. . - . do. . 1821 550 Lane Seminary, ... Cincinnati, Ohio, ... do. - 1829 Rock Spring ..... Rock Spring,. U. ... Baptist - 1827 1,200 Hanover ... New IVTadison In ... O V A 1R20 i icfauyu JLO<4i7 43,350 TABLE VI. Medical Schools.- JVfame. Place. Prof. Students. 99 New Hampshire Medical School, . . Medical Society Univ. Vermont, . . Vermont Academy of Med Mass. Med. Col. Harv. Univ. . . . Berkshire Med. Ins. Wm. Col. . . . Med. Dep. Yale College, Hanover, . Burlington, Castieton, . Boston, Pittsfield, . New Haven 3 3 4 5 7 5 103 40 91 100 61 Col. Phys. and Surg. N. Y Rutgers Med. Fac. Gen. Col. . . . Col. Phys. and Surg. W. Dist. . . . New York, New York, Fairfield, N. Y, Philadelphia, 7 6 5 g 113 160 420 Med. Dep. Jefferson College, . . . Med. Dep. Univ. Md Canonsburg, Baltimore 5 Q 121 Med. Col. Charleston, S. C Med. Dep. Transylvania, Univ. . . Med. College of Ohio. . Charleston, Lexington, Cincinnati. 6 6 130 200 113 [For further Statistical Tables, see Appendix.] NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN COLLEGE, IN PROPORTION TO POPULATION^ Eastern States, 1 stud, to 1,231 inh. I Southern States, 1 stud, to 7,232 inh. Middle States, 1 do. 3,465 do. | Western States, I do. 6,060. -LAW SCHOOLS. At Cambridge, Ms., New Haven, Litchfield, Ct, Philadelphia, Williams- burgh, Va., Charleston, S. C. and Lexington, Ky Principal Libraries. Philadelphia Library, 42,000 volumes; Cambridge University Library, 35,000; Boston Athenaeum, 20,000, ; New York Library, 22,000 ; National Library, Washington, 16,000 ; Charleston Library, 13,000. THE UNITED STATES. 27 QUESTIONS ON TABLE III. 1. Which is the most populous state in the Union? 2. Mention the six next in order of their population. 3. Which state has the fewest inhabitants ? 4. Which next? 5. Which state has the greatest number of square miles ? 6. Mention the six next in order. 7. Which state has the least number of square miles ? 8. Which is the next smallest state ? 9. Which state is the most thickly settled, that has the greatest number of inhabitants on a square mile ? 10. Which next? 11. Mention the four next in order. 12. Which two have the least dense population? 13. Which state has the greatest number of slaves? 14. Mention the six next in order. 15. Can you mention the three states that have the least number of slaves? 16. Mention the states that have no slaves. 17. What was the total number of slaves in the United States in 1830 ? 18. How many colleges are there in the United States ? See Table IV. 19. Which has the greatest number of volumes in the college library ? 20. Which four stand next? 21. How many theological seminaries are there in the United States? 22. Which is the oldest theological seminary in the United States, and when did it commence its operations ? 23. Which next? 24. Which denomination of Christians has the greatest number of theologi cal seminaries ? 25. Which next? 26. How many medical schools are there in the United States ? 27. Which has the greatest number of students ? 28. Which four are next in regard to numbers ? 29. Where are the principal law schools ? 30. What proportion do the students in college, bear to the whole population in the eastern states ? 31. What proportion in the middle states? 32. Southern states ? 33. Western states? 34. Which is the largest library in the United States, and how many vol. umes does it contain ? 35. Which is the next, and how many volumes ? 36. Mention the four next in order. 28 DECLARATION OF DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776. The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America. Propriety WHEN, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for of the one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them Declaration. w ^ ^0^^ ? an j t o assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident ; that all men are created equal, Unaiienabie that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable tiufpeopie, rights ; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi- &c. ness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed ; that when ever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, in deed, will dictate, that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, Absolute evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their tyranny the right, it is their duty to throw off such government, and to provide Sg of e new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient suf- Gre ain B " 1 f erance of these colonies ; and such is now the necessity which con strains them to alter their former systems of government. The his tory of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing im- Recitation portance, unless suspended in their operation, till his assent should and Murpa- ^ e obtained ; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to at- tions on the tend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommo- thKufsh dation of large districts of people, unless those people would relin- crown. quish the right of representation in the legislature a right inesti mable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the repository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have return ed to the people at large, for their exercise ; the state remaining, in the mean time, exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states ; for that pur. pose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass INDEPENDENCE. 29 others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the con sent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation : For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states : For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : , .*-.., For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offences : For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies : For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and alter ing, fundamentally, the forms of our governments : For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and de stroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to com plete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circum stances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress Petitions in the most humble terms : our repeated petitions have been answered unavailing, only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked & - c - by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circum stances of our migration and settlement here. We have appealed to Appeal to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by p^p^rSt the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which less > * c - 30 DECLARATION OP INDEPENDENCE. would inevitably interrupt our connexions and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, ac quiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind enemies in war, in peace friends. Declaration WE, therefore, the representatives of the United States of Ameri- of indepen- ca, in general congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of nce the world, for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and de- The coio c ^ are tnat tnese united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free nies a!o?ve and independent states ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to from^iteir tne British crown, and that all political connexion between them and allegiance, the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; & and that, as free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do. And for the sup- Mutual P ort f tfl i s declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Di- piedge of vine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our for- ehty tunes, and our sacred honor. The foregoing declaration was, by order of congress, engrossed and signed by the following members : JOHN HANCOCK. New Hampshire. JOSIAH BARTLETT, WILLIAM WHIPPLE, MATTHEW THORNTON. Massachusetts-Bay. SAMUEL ADAMS, JOHN ADAMS, ROBERT TREAT PAINE, ELBRIDGE GERRY. Rhode Island, &c. STEPHEN HOPKINS, WILLIAM ELLERY. Connecticut. ROGER SHERMAN, SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, OLIVER WOLCOTT. New York. WILLIAM FLOYD, PHILIP LIVINGSTON, FRANCIS LEWIS, LEWIS MORRIS. New Jersey. RICHARD STOCKTON, JOHN WITHERSPOON, FRANCIS HOPKINSON, JOHN HART, ABRAHAM CLARKE. Pennsylvania. ROBERT MORRIS, BENJAMIN RUSH, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, JOHN MORTON, GEORGE CLYMER, JAMES SMITH, GEORGE TAYLOR, JAMES WILSON, GEORGE ROSS. Delaware. CESAR RODNEY, GEORGE REED, THOMAS M KEAN. Maryland. SAMUEL CHASE, WILLIAM PACA, THOMAS STONE, CHARLES CARROLL, of Carrollton. Virginia. GEORGE WYTHE, RICHARD HENRY LEE, THOMAS JEFFERSON, BENJAMIN HARRISON, THOMAS NELSON, JR. FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE CARTER BRAXTON. North Carolina. WILLIAM HOOPER, JOSEPH HEWES, JOHN PENN. South Carolina. EDWARD RUTLEDGE, THOMAS HEYWARD, JR. THOMAS LYNCH, JR. ARTHUR MIDDLETON. Georgia. BURTON GWINNETT, LYMAN HALL, GEORGE WALTON. THE UNITED STATES 31 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. SECTION I. All legislative powers herein granted, shall be vested in a Con- Co ^ gress of the United States, which shall consist of a senate and a house of representatives. SECTION II. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members House of chosen every second year by the people of the several states ; and Represent*. the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United M mb States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their Apportion- respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the ment - whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within the three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of represent atives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three; Massachusetts eight ; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one ; Connecticut five ; New York six ; New Jersey four ; Pennsylvania eight ; Delaware one ; Maryland six ; Virginia ten ; North Carolina five ; South Carolina five ; and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill up such vacancies. Officers, and The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other power of im- officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. SECTION III. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two sena- tors from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years ; and each senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first elec tion, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. Clasg8 The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen^ by re signation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the 32 CONSTITUTION OF executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty Quaiifica- y ears ? an ^ been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who tions of shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he members, ^jj be chosen . President of. ^ e vice-present f tne United States shall be president of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. other offi- The senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president cers. pro-tempore, in the absence of the vice-president, or when he shall exercise the office of president of the United States. Trial of im- The senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. peachment s .when sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the president of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall pre side ; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Jud m nt Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States ; but the party convict ed shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. SECTION IV. Elections The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators and e re a pre- B an( * representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legisla- sentatives. ture thereof j but the congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. Meeting of The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such congress. me eting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. SECTION V. Powers of Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and quali- eacn house. fi ca ti O ns of its own members; and a majority of each shall consti tute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Journals Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their Yeas and judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members nays. o f e {fa er house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Adjourn- Neither house, during the session of congress, shall, without the ment. consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. SECTION VI. compensa- The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for Vivlie ei ^ e * r serv * ces to b ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their at tendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to or returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. THE UNITED STATES. 33 No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no person fi holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. SECTION VII. All bills for raising revenues shall originate in the house of repre- Revenu* sentatives ; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments, Billlt as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives Ne ative of and the senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the the Presi- president of the United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but dent> if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to re-consider it. If, after such re-consideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be re-considered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the con gress by their adjournment prevent its return ; in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the senate and house of representatives may be necessary, (except on a question of adjourn ment,) shall be presented to the president of the United States ; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the senate and house of representatives, ac cording to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. SECTION VIII. The congress shall have power To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises ; to pay the powera of debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the con g r e. United States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States : To borrow money on the credit of the United States : To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes : To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the sub ject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States : To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures : To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States : To establish post-offices and post-roads : To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries : To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court : to define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against trie law of nations : E 34 CONSTITUTION OF To declare war, grant letters-of-marque and reprisal, and make rules con cerning captures on land and water : To raise and support armies ; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years : To provide and maintain a navy : To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces : To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, sup press insurrections, and repel invasions : To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for gov erning such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states, respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by congress : To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings : and, To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into ex ecution the foregoing powers, vested by this constitution in the government 01 the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECTION IX. Restrictions The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states on congress. now ex i s ti n g shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No prefer ence shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one state over those of another : nor shall vessels bound to or from one state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another* Public No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence money. o f appropriations made by law : and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States^ and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind what ever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. SECTION X. Restrictions No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; ontnestates.g rant letters-of-marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit ; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts ; or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection l-aws ; and the neat produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state THE UNITED STATES. 35 on imports or exports, shall be for the treasury of the United States, and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the congress. No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually in vaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE II. SECTION I. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United Executive States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the vice-president, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof Electors may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of sena tors and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress ; but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two per- r rhjg para . sons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with them- graph has selves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number be ^ n annul- of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to pij e d g^ the seat of government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate, art. 12th of The president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of re- amendments, presentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the wholo number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one of them for president ; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list, the said house shall, in like manner, choose the president. But, in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors, shall be the vice-president. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the vice-president. The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the eiectorsjaod same throughout the United States. their voting. No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible quaiifica- to the office of president : neither shall any person be eligible to that lions - office, who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been four teen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the president from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said Vacancy - office, the same shall devolve on the vice-president, and the congress may, by law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the president and vice-president, declaring what officer shall then act as president . and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a president shall be elected. The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- compcnsa- pensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the tion - period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation : "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of the president of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend, the constitution of the United States," 86 CONSTITUTION OF SECTION II. The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writ ing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices ; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur : and he shrill nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the con gress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of depart ments. The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session. SECTION III. He shall, from time to time, give to the congress information of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient : he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and, in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and shall commission all the officers of the United States. SECTION IV. impeach- The president, vice-president, and all civil officers of the United mentB. States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and convic tion of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. SECTION I. judiciary, The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one courts and supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may, from JU ges time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior ; and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be dimin ished during their continuance in office. SECTION II. Jurisdiction ^^ e J u< ^cial P ower sna ll extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls ; to all cases of ad miralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of different states ; between citi zens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states ; and be tween a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. Original and In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and con- appeiiate. SU ] S) an( j those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with uch exceptions, and under such regulations, as the congress shall make. THE UNITED STATES. 37 The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed in any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed. SECTION III. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason : but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. SECTION I. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, credit by records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the con- 8 ^^^- gress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, each other, records, and proceedings, shall be proved, and the effect thereof. SECTION II. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and im munities of citizens in the several states. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, Fugitives who shall flee from justice, and be found in another state, shall, O n from -> uslic - demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one state under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor ; but shall be de livered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. SECTION III. New states may be admitted by the congress into this union ; but Ngw no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state, nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the congress. The congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful _ . . & . . " . - r . A , . Territories. rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property be longing to the United States ; and nothing in this constitution shall be so con strued as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state. SECTION IV. The United States shall guaranty to every state in this union, a Guarantee of republican form of government, and shall protect each of them republican against invasion ; and, on application of the legislature, or of the ex- gov< ecutive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. The congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it Amend- necessary, shall propose amendments to this constitution ; or, on the ments - application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legis latures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the congress ; provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and 38 CONSTITUTION OF fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article : and that no state, with out its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the senate. ARTICLE VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the t8 adoption of this constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this constitution, as under the confederation. Supreme This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be law. made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby ; any thing in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the mem- ce bers of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by NO religious oath or affirmation to support this constitution : but no religious test test - shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient >n for the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratify ing the same. Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEORGE WASHINGTON, President, and Deputy from Virginia. NEW-HAMPSHIRE. DELAWARE. John Langdon, George Read, Nicholas Gilman. Gunning Bedford, Jr. MASSACHUSETTS. John Dickinson, Nathaniel Gorham, Richard Bassett, Rufus King. Jacob Broom. CONNECTICUT. MARYLAND. William Samuel Johnson, James M Henry, Roger Sherman. Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer, NEW-YORK. Daniel Carroll. Alexander Hamilton. VIRGINIA. NEW-JERSEY. John Blair, William Livingston, James Madison, Jr. David Brearly, NORTH CAROLINA. William Patterson, William Blount, Jonathan Dayton. Richard Dobbs Spaight, PENNSYLVANIA. Hugh Williamson. Benjamin Franklin, SOUTH CAROLINA Thomas Mifflin, John Rutledge, Robert Morris, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney George Clymer, Charles Pinckney, Thomas Fitzsimmons, Pierce Butler. Jared Ingersoll, GEORGIA. James Wilson, William Few, Gouverneur Morris. Abraham Baldwin. &$ Attest, WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. THE UNITED STATES. 39 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. Art. 1. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment Religious of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the lib ey- freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to* assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Art. 2. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of . a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Art. 3. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any Quartering house without the consent of the owner ; nor in time cf war, but in a 80ldiers - manner to be prescribed by law. Art. 4. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, warrants or houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and sei- search or zures, shall not be violated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing. the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Art. 5. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other- privileges of wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a accused - grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Art. 6. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the Rights of right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state accused - and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law ; and to be informed of the nature and! cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; aad to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. Art. 7. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy , guitg shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be pre served ; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. Art. 8. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines-Bail, punish- imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. ments. Art. 9. The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights, shall Rights re- not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people, tained. Art. 10. The powers not delegated to the United States by the con- Reserved stitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states P w ers. respectively, or to the people. Art. 11. The judicial power of the United States shall not be con- state not strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecu- suable - ted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. Art. 12. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and Election of vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least, Jnd vfce- shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they president. shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice-president ; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice- president, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, 40 CONSTITUTION OF directed to the president of the senate : the president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted ; the person having the greatest number of votes for president, shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed : and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose imme diately, by ballot, the president. But, in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote ; a quo rum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the house of representatives shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next follow ing, then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president. The person having the greatest number of votes as vice-president, shall be the vice-president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of elec tors appointed : and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the senate shall choose the vice-president : a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice, auaiifica. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president, Ii p re s ide v nt ce " sha11 be eli gible to that of vice-president of the United States. QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 1. Of what branches does the congress of the United States consist? 2. Of what is the house of representatives composed ? 3. What are the qualifications necessary for a representative ? 4. What number of inhabitants sends a representative to congress ? 5. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, how are they to be filled? 6. Of what persons is the senate composed ? 7. In what manner, and for how long a period, are the senators chosen ? 8. Into how many classes are the senators divided ? 9. How often are the seats of these classes vacated ? 10. When vacancies in the senate happen during the recess of the legisla* tare of any state, how are they to be filled ? 11. What age must a senator have attained? 12. How many years must he have been a citizen of the United States? 13. Who is the president of the senate? 14. How often does congress assemble? 15. What day is fixed for its meeting? 16. From what fund are the members of congress compensated ? 17. When a bill has passed the house of representatives and the senate, to ^hom must it be presented before it becomes a law ? 18. What must the president do? 19. If the bill is returned without the signature of the president, what course is to be pursued by congress ? 20. What is a necessary qualification of the president, with regard to his place of birth ? 21. What must be his age? 22. During how many years must he have resided within the country t THE UNITED STATES. 41 53. For how many years do the president and vice-president hold their Offices? 24. In what manner are they elected ? See Art. II. Sect. I. clause 2, and Art. 12 of the amendments* 25* Who is to be commander-in-chief of the army and navy* and of the militia, when called into actual service? 26. What is said in regard to the power of the president ? 27. What in regard to his duty ? Sect. III. Art. II. 28. For what crimes are the officers of the United States to be removed from office? 29. How is the judicial power vested ? 30. In what does treason against the United States consist ? 31. What form of government do the United States guaranty to ever"y member of the great political family the several states ? 32. Against what injuries are they bound to protect each state ? 33. What is said in regard to amendments ? 34. What in regard to religion, freedom of speech, and of the press 1 See) Art. I. of the amendments* PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, FROM 1774 to 1789. Peyton Randolph, - John Hancock, - - Henry Laurens, - - John Jay, - - - - Samuel Huntington, Thomas M Kean, - John Hanson, - - Elias Boudinot, - - Thomas Mifflin, - - Richard Henry Lee, Nathanial Gorham, - Arthur St. Glair, Cyrus Griffin, - - From Virginia, - - - Massachusetts, South Carolina, - New York, - Connecticut, - Delaware, - Maryland, - - - New Jersey, - - Pennsylvania, - Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, - - Virginia, - - Elected - Sept. 5, 1774* . May 24, 1775* - Nov. 1, 1777* - Dec. 10, 1778, - Sept. 28, 1779. - July 10, 1781 - Nov. 5, 1781* - Nov. 4, 1782. - Nov. 3, 1783. - Nov. 30, 1786* - June 6, 1786* - Feb. 2, 1787. . Jan. 22, 1788. " " Vice-President. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS UNDER THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION* First Administration. GEORGE WASHINGTON, Virginia, April 30, 1789. President. John Adams, Massachusetts, Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, Edmund Randolph, " Timothy Pickering, Alexander Hamilton, Oliver Wolcott, Henry Knox, Timothy Pickering, James M Henry, Edmund Randolph, William Bradford, Charles Lee, Virginia, Dec, Massachusetts, Dec. 10, 1795. New York, Sept. 11, 1789. > Secretaries of Connecticut, Feb. 3, 1795. J the Treasury. Massachusetts, Sept. 12, 1789. ) ^^ of Jan. 2, 1795. Maryland, Jan. 27, 1796. Virginia, Sept. 26, 1789. Pennsylvania, Jan. 27, 1794. 10, 1795, i War* Attorneys General, OFFICERS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. JOHN ADAMS, Thomas Jefferson, Timothy Pickering John Marshall, Oliver Wolcott, Samuel Dexter, James M Henry, Samuel Dexter, Roger Griswold, Benjamin Stoddard, Maryland, Charles Lee, Second Administration. Massachusetts, March 4, 1797. President. " " Vice-President, > Secretaries of Virginia, May 13, 1800. \ State. > Secretaries of Massachusetts, Dec. 31, 1800. $ the Treasury. May 13,1800 ec ^ esof Connecticut, Feb. 3, 1801. ) May 21, 1798. Attorney General. THOMAS JEFFERSON, Aaron Burr, George Clinton, Third Administration. March 4, 1801. New York, " " " " 1805. James Madison, Virginia, March 5, 1801 Samuel Dexter, Albert Gallatin, Henry Dearborn, Benjamin Stoddert, Robert Smith, Levi Lincoln, John Breckenridge, Caesar A. Rodney, Pennsylvania, Jan. 26, 1802. Massachusetts, March 5, 1801. Maryland, Jan. 26, 1802. Massachusetts, March 5, 1801. Kentucky, Dec. 23, 1805. Delaware, Jan. 20, 1807. President. > Vice-Presidents, ) Secretary of $ State. ) Secretaries of $ the Treasury. } Secretary of \ War. ) Secretaries of $ the Navy r Attorneys i General. JAMES MADISON, George Clinton, Elbridge Gerry, Robert Smith, James Monroe, Albert Gallatin, G. W. Campbell, Alexander J. Dallas, William Eustis, John Armstrong James Monroe, W. H. Crawford, Paul Hamilton, William Jones, B. W. Crowninshield, Ccesar A. Rodney, William Pinkney, Richard Rush, Fourth Administration. March 4, M Massachusetts, " Maryland, March 6, Virginia, Nov. 25, 1809. 1809. 1811. Tennessee, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New York, Georgia, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Feb. 9, Oct. 6. March 7, Jan. 13, Sept. 27. March 2, March 7, Jan. 12, Dec. 19, Dec. 11, Feb. 10, 1811. 1814. President. > Vice-Presidents. > Secretaries of $ State. f Secretaries of i the Treasury. 1 Secretaries of War. f Secretaries of i the Navy. \ Attorneys General. OFFICERS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. 43 Fifth Administration. JAMES MONROE, March 4, 1817. President. Daniel D. Tompkins, New York, Vice-President. John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, March 5, 1817. \ Secr | tar y of William H. Crawford, March 5, 1812. f John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, March 5, 1817. < B. W. Crowninshield, } Smith Thompson, New York, Nov. 30, 1818. V M Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, Dec. 9, 1823. ^ Richard Rush, ) Attorneys William Wirt, Virginia, Dec. 16, 1817. $ General. Sixth Administration. JOHN QUINOY ADAMS, March 4, 1825. President. John C. Calhoun, " " Vice-President. Henry Clay, Richard Rush, James Barbour, Peter B. Porter, Samuel L. Southard, William Wirt, Kentucky, March 8, 1825. $ March 7, f Secretary of the Ireasury. Virginia, March 7, " > Secretaries of New York, May 26, 1828. $ War. ( Secretary of $ the Navy. Attorney General. Seventh Administration. ANDREW JACKSON, Tennessee, March 4, 1829. President. John C. Calhoun, (( (C Vice-President Martin Van Buren, New York, March 6, 1829. > Secretaries of Edward Livingston, Louisiana, May, 1831. $ State. Samuel D. Ingham, Pennsylvania, March 6, 1829. > Secretaries of Louis M Lane, Delaware, May 1831. $ tne Treasury. John H. Eaton, Tennessee, March 9, 1829. > Secretaries of Hugh L. White, u 1831. $ War. John Branch, North Carolina, March 9, 1828. > Secretaries of Levi Woodbury, N. Hampshire, May 1831. $ the Navy. John M P. Berrien, Georgia, March 9, 1829. > Attorneys R. B. Taney, Maryland, 1831. $ General. Chief Justices- of the United States. John Jay, - - - - New York, - - - Sept. 26, 1789. William Gushing, - - Massachusetts, - - Jan. 22, 1796. Oliver Ellsworth, - - Connecticut, - - March 4, 1796. John Marshall, - - Virginia, - - - Jan. 27, 1801. 44 OFFICERS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. Ministers to France. Governeur Morris, - - James Monroe, - - - Charles C, Pinkney, Charles C, Pinkney, - Elbridge Gerry, - - - John Marshall, - - - Oliver Ellsworth, - - William Vans Murray, William R. Davie, - - James A. Bayard, - Robert R. Livingston, - John Armstrong, - Joel Barlow, .... William H. Crawford, - Albert Gallatin, - - - James Brown, ... William C. Rives, - - of New Jersey, " Virginia, - - " South Carolina, u u u " Massachusetts, " Virginia, - - " Connecticut, - " Maryland, - " North Carolina, " Delaware, - " New York, - - U it " Connecticut, " Georgia, " Pennsylvania, - " Louisiana, - " Virginia, - . Jan. 12, May 28, Sept. 9, 1792. 1804. 1796. June 5, 1797. Feb. 26, 1799. Feb. 19, Oct. 2, June 30, Feb. 27, April 9, Feb. 28, Dec. 9, 1801. 1801. 1804. 1811. 1813. 1815. 1823. 1829. Ministers to Great Britain. Governeur Morris, - - Thomas Pinkney, - - John Jay, .... Rufus King, - - - - James Monroe, . - - James Monroe, . . . William Pinkney, - - William Pinkney, - - John Quincy Adams, Richard Rush, - - - Rums King, - - - Albert Gallatin, - - - James Barbour, - - Louis M Lane, - - - of New Jersey, Oct. 13, 1789. " South Carolina, Jan. 12, 1792. " New York, - - April 19, 1794. " " " . . May 20, 1796. " Virginia, - . April 18, 1803. a tt " Maryland, J May 12, 1806. u u Feb. 26, 1808. " Massachusetts, - Feb. 28, 1815. " Pennsylvania, Dec. 16, 1817. " New York, - - May 5, 1825. " Pennsylvania, May 18, 1826. " Virginia, - - May 23, 1828. Dplawnre. . 182Q. THE UNITED STATES. 45 INDIVIDUAL STATES. MAINE. IT is the most north-eastern state of the Union, bounded N. W. and N. by Lower-Canada, E. by New Brunswick, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by New Hampshire. It lies between 43 and 48 degrees N. latitude, and 6 and 10 E. longitude from Washington. Its greatest length from N. to S. is 225 miles, and greatest breadth from E. to W. 195; and it is estimated to contain 32,628 square miles. Population in 1790, 96,540; in 1800, 151,719; in 1810, 228,705; in 1820, 298,335; and in 1830, 399,462. Population to a square mile, 12. NOTE.- The boundary of Maine cannot be considered as definitely settled. A dispute having arisen between the authorities of the state and those of the British province of New- Brunswick, which adjoins it on the north-east, the governments of the United States and Great Britain referred the matter to the arbitration of the king of Holland. His award has been given ; but it has not proved satisfactory to the people of Maine, and the senate of the United States has not yet consented to its ratification. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Distance from Augusta. Cumberland sw 49,445 60,113 Portland 12,601 53 Hancock s 17,856 24,347 Castine 1,155 78 Kennebec m 40,150 52,491 AUGUSTA 3,980 ( Wiscasset 2,443 24 Lincoln s 46,843 57,181 j Topsham 1,564 31 ^ Warren 2,030 44 Oxford w 27,104 35,217 Paris 2,337 42 Penobscot n 13,870 31,530 Bangor 2,868 66 Somerset nw 21,787 35,788 Norridgewock 1,710 28 Waldo s 22,253 29,790 Belfast 3,077 40 Washington e 12,744 21,295 Machias 1,021 143 York sw 46,283 51,710 5 York \ Alfred 3,485 1,453 99 86 Total 298,335 399,462 NOTE. The small letters annexed to the counties indicate their situation in the several states ; as e, w, n, s, ne, nm, em, $c. east, west, north, south, north-east, north of middle, east of middle, $c. The seats of government of the different states are printed in small capitals. When more than one town is mentioned to a county, the first is the county town. 46 MAINE. The principal rivers are the Penobscot, Kennebeek, Androscoggin, Saco, St. Croix, and St. Johns. The principal bays are Casco, Penobscot, Frenchman s, Englishman s, Machias, and Passamaquoddy. The most noted lakes are Moosehead, Umbagog, Sebago, Schoodic, and several others farther in the interior. Maine is rather an elevated country, having generally a diversified surface. A tract commencing on the west side of the state, east of the White Mountains, in New Hampshire, and holding a north-east direction as far as the heads of the Aroostic, about 160 miles in length, and 60 in its greatest breadth, is moun tainous. Katahdin mountain, in this range, is supposed to be the highest land between the Atlantic and the St. Lawrence. There is also a small mountain ous tract in the northern extremity. The remainder of the state may be con sidered, generally, as a moderately hilly country. The tract of country along the sea-coast from 10 to 20 miles wide embraces all the varieties of sandy, gravelly, clayey, and loamy soils, frequently inter spersed at short distances ; seldom very rich, in many places tolerably fertile, but generally poor. Of this section Indian corn, rye, barley, grass, &c. are the principal productions. In the tract lying north of this, and extending 50 miles from the sea in the western, 80 in the central, and 90 in the eastern part, the same kinds of soil are found, but they are less frequently diversified, and generally more fertile. The surface rises into large swells of generally good soil, between which, on the margin of the streams, are frequently rich inter vals, and in other places sandy or gravelly pine plains, or spruce and cedar swamps. Of this section the principal productions are grass, Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, flax, &c. The country beyond the limits above specified, is but little settled. It exhibits great diversities in the appearance of its soil, growth of timber, and also in climate. The land on the Kennebeek, and between this river and the Penob scot, is accounted the best in the district. It is well adapted to the various pur poses of agriculture, and as a grazing country, it is one of the finest in New England. Though the climate of Maine is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, yet the air in all parts of the country is pure and salubrious. The summers in most parts are favorable to the growth of all the vegetable productions of the northern states. In some parts, however, Indian corn and some other plants of a more tender kind, are frequently injured and sometimes destroyed by frosts late in the spring and early in autumn. The cold of winter is severe, yet the serenity .of the sky, and the invigorating influence of the atmosphere, during the same season, make amends, in some degree, for the severity of the weather. It is said that an inhabitant on Kennebeek river requires more clothing in winter to keep him comfortable in Boston than at home. Maine enjoys great facilities for commerce. The coast is indented with bays, abounding in excellent harbors. All the settled parts of the country lie near a market, and the produce of the farmer is readily exchanged for money, at a good price. Value of the exports for the year ending 1st Jan. 1830, $738,000. The principal article of export is lumber. Vast quantities of boards, shin gles, clapboards, masts, spars, &c. are transported to the neighboring states, to the West Indies, and to Europe. Much of the fire-wood consumed in Boston, Salem, &c. is brought from Maine. Dried fish and pickled salmon are con siderable articles of export. Beef, pork, butter, pot and pearl ashes, and some grain, are also among the exports. The principal manufactures consist of cotton and woollen cloths, hats, shoes, boots, leather, iron, nails, distilled spirits, and cordage. The number of cotton mills in 1831, was 8 ; capital in do. $765,000 ; yards of cloth made annually, 1,750,000. MAINE. 47 There are 20 banks in this state ; 6 at Portland, including a branch of the United States Bank ; 2 at Saco ; 2 at Bath ; 1 at Kennebunk ; 1 at Augusta , 1 at Gardiner ; 1 at Waterville ; 1 at Bangor ; 1 at Thomaston ; 1 at S. Ber wick ; 1 at Brunswick ; 1 at Vassalborough, and 1 at Winthrop. The first permanent settlement in Maine was formed about the year uistor , 1630 ; and for several years the government of the colony was ad ministered in the name of Sir Ferdinando Gorges as proprietor of the country. In 1652, the inhabitants of Maine were placed under the jurisdiction of Mas sachusetts. The country was, however, afterwards claimed by the heirs of Gorges, but was, in 1677, purchased by the colony of Massachusetts. From that time the territory formed a part of the colony and afterwards of the state of Massachusetts, and was styled, the District of Maine, till the year 1820, when it was erected into an independent state. The constitution of this state was formed in 1819, and went into Constitution operation in 1820. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and and govern- a House of Representatives, both elected annually by the people, on ment - the second Monday in September. These two bodies are together styled The Legislature of Maine. The number of representatives cannot be less than 100, nor more than 200. A town having 1,500 inhabitants is entitled to send 1 re presentative ; having 3,750,2; 6,775,3; 10,500,4; 15,000, 5; 20,250, 6; 26,250, 7 ; but no town can ever be entitled to more than 7 representatives. The number of senators cannot be less than 20, nor more than 31. The legis lature meets at Augusta annually, on the first Wednesday in January. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually by the people, on the second Monday in September, and his term of office commences on the first Wednesday in January. A council of seven members is elected annually on the first Wednesday in January, by joint ballot of the senators and representatives, to advise the governor in the executive part of government. The right of suffrage is granted to every male citizen aged 21 years or up wards (excepting paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed), having had his residence established in the state for the term of three months next preceding an election. The Literary Seminaries in Maine are Bowdoin College at Brunswick, a flourishing institution ; Waterville College, at Waterville, under the direction of the Baptist denomination ; a Theological School at Bangor ; the Gardiner Lyceum, at Gardiner ; and the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, at Readfield, which unites agricultural and mechanical labor with literary instruction. Every town is required by law to raise annually, for the support of common schools, a sum equal at least to 40 cents for each person in the town, and to distribute this sum among the several school districts, according to the number of scholars in each. On an island in Penobscot river, there are still the remains of the Penobscot tribe of Indians. They consist of about 100 families, are Roman Catholics, and have a church and a priest. The Baptists have 210 churches, 136 ministers, 22 licentiates, and Religion, 12,936 communicants; the Congregationalists, 156 churches, 107 183L pastors, and 9,626 communicants ; the Methodists, 56 ministers, and 12,182 communicants ; the Free-will Baptists, about 50 congregations ; the Friends, about 30 societies; the Unitarians, 12 societies and 8 ministers; the Episcopa lians, 4 ministers; the Roman Catholics, 4 churches; the New Jerusalem: Church, 3 societies ; and there are some Universalists. The number of periodical papers in 1830, was 22. This state sends 8 representatives to congress. The governor s salary is 1500 dollars. 48 NEW HAMPSHIRE. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON MAINE. 1. Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does Maine lie? 2. What is its length and breadth ? 3. How many square miles does it contain ? 4. What was the population in 1830? 5. What is the population to a square mile ? 6. How many counties does it contain ? 7. Name them. 8. What are the principal rivers in Maine? 9. Bays? 10. The most noted lakes ? 11. What was the value of the exports in 1829? 12. What was the number of cotton mills in 1831 ? 13. What are the principal articles of export? 14. What do the principal manufactures consist of? 15. What was the number of yards of cotton cloth made in 1831 ? 16. How many banks are there in the state? 17. When was Maine admitted into the Union? 18. When is the general election? 19. When and how often does the legislature meet? 20. To whom is the right of suffrage granted ? 21. Name the principal literary institutions. 22. How much is every town obliged, by law, to raise annually for the support of common schools ? 23. Where are the remains of the Penobscot tribe of Indians, and what is said of them ? 24. Name the principal denominations of Christians in the state. 25. How many representatives does Maine send to Congress ? 26. What is the governor s annual salary ? NEW HAMPSHIRE ARMS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. NEW HAMPSHIRE is bounded N. by Lower Canada ; E. by Maine ; S. E. by the Atlantic ; S. by Massachusetts ; and W. by Vermont. It lies between 42 41 and 45 11 N- lat, and between 4 29 and 6 19 E, long- from Washington. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 49 It is 160 miles long from N. to S., 90 in its greatest breadth, and contains 9,491 square miles, or 6,074,240 acres. Population in 1790, 141,885; in 1800, 183,858; in 1810, 214,460; in 1820, 244,161 ; and in 1830, 269,533 Population to a square mile, 28. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Distance fr. Concord. Rockingham se 40,526 44,452 ( Portsmouth I Exeter 8,082 2,759 45 39 C Dover 5,449 40 Strafford e 51,415 58,916 I Gilmanton 1 Gilford 3,816 1,872 20 30 L Rochester 2,155 40 Merrimack m 32,743 34,619 CONCORD 3,727 Hillsborough s 35,781 37,762 Amherst 1,657 30 Cheshire sw 26,753 27,016 Keene 2,374 55 Sullivan w 18,628 19,687 Newport 1,913 40 Graflon w 32,989 38,691 ^ Haverhill I Plymouth 2,153 1,175 67 40 Coos n 5,151 8,390 Lancaster 1,187 116 Total 244,161 269,533 Concord is the seat of government. Portsmouth is much the largest town, and the only sea-port. Five of the largest rivers in New England rise either wholly or in part in this state. These are the Connecticut, Merrimack, Androscoggin, Saco, and Piscataqua. The other most considerable rivers are the Upper and Lower Am- monoosuc, Sugar river, Ashuelot, Contoocook, Margallaway, and Nashua. The principal lakes are Winnipiseogee, Umbagog, Ossipee, Sunapee, Squam, and Newfoundland lakes. The whole extent of sea-coast in this state, from the southern boundary to the mouth of Piscataqua harbor, is 18 miles. The shore is generally a sandy beach, and bordering upon it are salt marshes, intersected by creeks. There are several coves, convenient for fishing vessels, but the entrance of the Piscat aqua is the only harbor for ships. For 20 or 30 miles from the sea the coun try is either level, or variegated by small hills and valleys. Then commences a country the surface of which is greatly diversified by hills, valleys, and seve ral elevated mountains, among which are the White Mountains, accounted the highest in the United States. *The other most considerable summits are Moose- hillock, Monadnoc, Kearsarge, Sunapee, Ossipee, &c Some of the most re markable natural objects of curiosity are the cave in Chester, the rock in Dur ham, Bellows falls in Walpole, and particularly the Notch of the White Mountains. There is a great variety of soil in this state ; a considerable proportion is fertile, and it is generally better adapted to grazing than tillage. The interval lands on the large rivers are esteemed the most valuable. These produce vari ous kinds of grain in great abundance. But the uplands, of an uneven surface, and of a rocky, warm, moist soil, are accounted the best for grazing. The principal articles of produce are beef, pork, mutton, butter, cheese, wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, barley, pulse, and flax. In the township of Chester, are two remarkable caves. One called the Devil s Den is in Mine Hill, in the western part. The hill is half a mile in diameter, and about 400 feet high, almost perpendicular on the south side. The G 50 NEW HAMPSHIRE. entrance of the cave, which is on the south side, is 10 yards above the base, and after a passage, varying in its dimensions, 25 feet in length, opens into the principal apartment, which is 15 or 20 feet square, three or four feet high, floored and ceiled by a regular rock. From the ceiling are dependent numer ous stalactites or excrescences, in the form of pears, whose polished surfaces reflect a torch-light with innumerable hues and uncommon brilliancy. The other cave is on the west side of Rattlesnake Hill, seven miles south west of the meeting-house. The principal entrance is eleven feet high and four wide. It extends 20 feet into the side of the hill, and after forming a semi circle of 53 feet in length, passes out on the same side. The manufactures of New Hampshire have increased very rapidly within a few years. There are now more than 40 cotton and woollen manufactories, many of them on an extensive scale. A glass manufactory has been estab lished at Keene, and there are two iron manufactories at Franconia. The prin cipal exports from New Hampshire are lumber, pot and pearl ashes, fish, beef, live cattle, pork, and flax-seed. The market for the northern part of the state, is Portland, for the south-eastern, Portsmouth and Newburyport ; for the coun try on the Merrimack, Boston ; for the country on the Connecticut, Hartford and Boston. The value of the exports in 1829 was $106,000. New Hampshire has a college at Hanover, styled Dartmouth College, with which a medical school is connected ; a small academical theological institution at New Hampton ; and about 30 incorporated academies, of which the oldest and best endowed is Phillips Academy at Exeter. Common schools are established throughout the state, and for their support a sum, amounting, each year since 1818, to $90,000, is annually raised by a separate tax. The State has a Literary Fund amounting to $64,000, formed by a tax of one half per cent, on the capital of the banks. The proceeds of this fund, and also an annual income of $9,000 derived from a tax on banks, are appropriated to aid the support of schools. The number of periodical papers in 1831, was 16. There are in this State 21 banks, viz. at Portsmouth, New Hampshire Bank, New Hampshire Union Bank, Rockingham Bank, Portsmouth Bank, Piscata- qua Bank, Commercial Bank ; at Exeter, Exeter Bank ; at Derry, Derry Bank ; at Dover, Straffbrd Bank, Dover Bank ; at Meredith, Winnipiseogee Bank ; at Concord, Concord Bank, Merrimack Co. Bank ; at Amherst, Farmers Bank ; at , Manufacturers Bank ; at Keene, Cheshire Bank ; at Charlestown, Connecticut River Bank ; at Claremont, Claremont Bank ; at Haverhill, Graf- ton Bank ; at Plymouth, Pemigewasset Bank ; at, Lebanon, Lebanon Bank. The Bank of the United States has an office of discount and deposit at Portsmouth. Histor ^ e fi 1 * 8 *- English settlement in New Hampshire, was made near the mouth of the Piscataqua, in 1623. It was formed into a sepa rate government in 1679, before which it was under the jurisdiction of Massa chusetts. Constitution ^ const ^ ut i n was established in 1784 ; and in 1792, this consti- and govern- tution was altered and amended, by a convention of delegates held at nent< Concord, and is now in force. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives, which, together, are styled The Genera] Court of New Hampshire. Every town, or incorporated township, having 150 ratable polls, may send one representative ; and for every 300 additional polls, it is entitled to an additional representative. The Senate consists of 12 mem bers, who are chosen by the people in districts. The executive power is vested in a Governor and a Council, which consists of five members. The governor, council, senators, and xepresentatives, are all elected annually, by the people, on the second Tuesday in March ; and their term of service commences on the first Wednesday in June. The General Court meets annually (at Concord) on NEW HAMPSHIRE. 51 the first Wednesday in June. The right of suffrage is granted to every male inhabitant of 21 years of age, excepting paupers and persons excused from paying taxes at their own request. Religious Denominations in 1831. Churches. Ministers. Communicants, Congregationalists, - - 146 - - 116 - - 12,867 Baptists, 75 - - 61 - - 5,279 Free-will Baptists, - - 67 - - 51 - 4 or 5,000 Methodists, - - 30 - - 3,180 Presbyterians, - - - 11 - - 9 - - 1,499 The Christians have 17 ministers; the Friends, 13 societies; the Universal- ists, about 20 congregations; the Unitarians, 10 ministers; the Episcopalians, 8 ministers ; the Catholics, 2 churches ; the Shakers, 2 societies, and the San- demanians, 1. New Hampshire sends five representatives to Congress. The Governor s annual salary is $1200. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1. How is New Hampshire bounded? 2. What is its extent, square miles and population ? 3. What is the population to a square mile ? 4. How many counties does it contain ? 5. Name them. 6. Which town is the seat of government, and which is the largest 1 7. Name the five principal rivers. 8. How many miles of sea-coast has New Hampshire ? 9. What is said of the country for 20 or 30 miles from the sea ? 10. What kind of a country commences then? 11. What is said of the soil? 12. What are the principal articles of produce? 13. What can you say of the manufactures? 14. What was the value of exports in 1829? 15. "What is said of common schools, and what is annually raised by tax for their support ? 16. Mention the most remarkable curiosities. 17. How many periodical papers in 1831 ? 18. How many banks are there in the State? 19. Where was the first English settlement? 20. What can you say of the legislative power ? 21. How many representatives does each town send? 22. How many members does the senate consist of, and how chosen ? 23. How is the executive power vested ? 24. When is the annual election ? 25. When and how often does the general court meet ? 26. Which are the most numerous denominations of Christians ? 27. How many representatives does New Hampshire send to Congress ? 28. What is the governor s annual salary ? VERMONT. VERMONT. VERMONT is bounded N. by Lower Canada ; E. by New Hampshire ; S. by Massachusetts ; and W. by New York, from which it is separated in part by lake Champlain. It lies between 42 44 and 45 N. lat. and between 3 39 and 5 31 E. longitude from Washington. It is 157 miles long from N. to S. 90 broad on the northern boundary, 40 on the southern, and contains 10,212 square miles. Population to a square mile, 27. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Distance from Mont- pelier. Addison w 20,469 24,940 Middlebu.ry 3,468 56 Bennington sw 16,125 17,470 ( Bennington I Manchester 3,419 1,525 119 98 Caledonia ne 16,669 20,967 Danville 2,631 30 Chittenden w 16,055 21,775 Burlington 3,526 38 Essex ne 3,284 3,981 Guildhall 481 78 Franklin mv 17,192 24,525 St. Albans 2,375 64 Grand Isle nw 3,527 3,696 North Hero 638 68 Orange c 24,681 27,285 Chelsea 1,958 23 Orleans n 6,976 13,980 Irasburgh 860 49 Rutland w 29,983 31,295 Rutland 2,753 67 Washington m 14,113 21,394 MoNTPELIER 1,193 Windham se 28,659 28,758 *Newfane 1,441 108 Windsor e 38,233 40,623 { Windsor { Woodstock 3,134 3,044 59 48 Total 225,764 280,679 * The name of the village in which the county buildings are situated is Fayetteville. Population at Different Periods. In Population. 1790, 85,539 1800, 154,465 1810, 217,895 1820, 235,764 1830, 280,679 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 68,826 1800 1810, 63,430 1810 1820, 17,869 1820 1830, 44,915 Slaves. 16 The Green Mountains, from which the state derives its name, come from Massachusetts, and run along the east side of Bennington, Rutland, and Addi son counties. In Addison county they divide ; the western and principal chain continuing a northerly course, and terminating near the northern boundary of the stale ; while the height of land, as it is called, strikes off to the north-east, dividing the waters which flow into the Connecticut from those which fall into i&ke Mernphremagog and lake Champlain. The western range presents much the loftiest summits, but has inequalities which afford a passage for Onion and Lamoil rivers. The soil is for the most part fertile, being generally deep, and of a dark color, moist, loamy, and well watered. The interval lands are esteemed the best ; bordering on these is usually a strip one or two miles wide, which is comparatively poor, but beyond this the land recovers a fertility nearly equal to that on the rivers. The principal productions are wheat, barley, rye, Indian corn, oats, &c. The principal exports are pot and pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter, cheese, &c. The market for the northern part of the state is Montreal ; for the eastern, Hartford and Boston ; for the western, New York. The amount of exports in 1829 was 808,000 dollars. VERMONT. 53 The principal rivers within the state are Lamoile, Onion, Otter Creek, Misis- que, Deerfield, White, Black, and Pasumsic. Fort Dummer, in the south-east part of Vermont, was built in 1724 ; and Bennington, the oldest town in the state, was chartered in 1749, by Benning Wentworth, governor of New Hampshire. The territory of Vermont was originally claimed both by New Hampshire and New York ; and its political condition was, for a considerable time, unset tled ; but the people preferring to have a separate government, formed a consti tution in 1777, under which a government was organized in March, 1788 ; and in 1791, Vermont was admitted into the union. The first constitution of this state was formed in 1777 ; the one now in operation was adopted on the 4th of July, 1793. The legislative power is vested in a single body, a house of representatives, elected annually, on the first Tuesday in September, every town in the state being entitled to send one representative. The representatives meet (at Morit- pelier) annually on the second Thursday of the October succeeding their elec tion, and are styled The General Assembly of the State of Vermont. The executive power is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, and a council of 12 persons, who are all chosen annually by the freemen on the first Tuesday in September, and their term of office commences on the second Thursday in October. They are empowered to commission all officers ; to sit as judges to consider and determine on impeachments ; to prepare and lay before the general assembly such business as shall appear to them necessary ; and have power to revise and propose amendments to the laws passed by the house of representatives. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every man of the full age of 2] years, who has resided in the state for the space of one whole year, next before the election of representatives, and is of quiet and peaceable behavior. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court consisting of three judges ; and of a county court of three judges for each county. The judges of the supreme, county, and probate courts, sheriffs, and justices of the peace, are elected annually by the general assembly. A council of censors, consisting of 13 persons, are chosen every seven years (first elected in 1799) on the last Wednesday in March, and meet on the first Wednesday in June. Their duty is to inquire whether the constitution has been preserved inviolate ; whether the legislative and executive branches of government have performed their duty as guardians of the people ; whether the public taxes have been justly laid and collected ; in what manner the public moneys have been disposed of; and whether the laws have been faithfully executed. There are in this state 10 banks, viz. Bank of Burlington, of Windsor, of Brattleborough, of Rutland, of Montpelier, of St. Albans, of Caledonia, of Ver- gennes, of Orange county, of Bennington. Note. The bank of the United States has an office of discount and deposit at Burlington. There are two colleges in Vermont, at Burlington and Middlebury ; medical schools at Burlington and Castleton ; and about 20 incorpo rated academies in the state, where young men may be fitted for college. Common schools are supported throughout the state. The money raised by the general law for the support of schools, at 3 per cent, on the grand list (the valuation for taxes,) would be about $51,119 42 ; and about as much more is supposed to be raised by school district taxes. The state has a literary fund, derived principally from a tax of 6 per cent, on the annual profits of the banks ; the amount on loan in September, 1829, was $23,763 32. The Congregationalists have 13 associations, 203 churches, 110 Reli ougde pastors, 35 unsettled ministers, 10 licentiates, and 17,236 communi- nomhfa- 6 cants; the Baptists, 105 -churches, 56 pastors, 8 licentiates, and tion8 183L 54 MASSACHUSETTS. 8,478 communicants ; the Methodists, 44 ministers and 8,577 communicants , the Episcopalians, 15 ministers; the Unitarians, 3 societies and 1 minister; and there are some Free-will Baptists, Christians, and Universalists. The number of periodical papers in 1830 was 13. Vermont sends 5 representatives to congress. The governor s salary is $750. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON VERMONT, 1. How is Vermont bounded? 2. Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does it lie 1 3. What is its length, breadth, square miles, and population in 1830 ? Popu lation to a square mile 1 4. How many counties does it contain 1 5. What is said of the soil ? 6. What are the principal productions ? 7. What the principal exports ? Rivers ? 8. What was the amount of exports in 1829 1 9. By what states was Vermont originally claimed ? 10. In what is the legislative power vested ? 11. How many representatives is each town in the state allowed to send? 12. In whom is the executive power vested? 13. To whom does the constitution grant the right of suffrage? 14. What is said of the council of censors and their duty? 1 5. How many banks are there in the state ? 16. At which town is the branch of the United States Bank? 17. How many colleges, and where located ? 18. What is said in regard to the support of common schools? 19. How many representatives does Vermont send to congress? 20. What is the governor s salary ? MASSACHUSETTS. ARMS OF MASSACHUSETTS. MASSACHUSETTS is bounded N. by Vermont and New Hampshire ; E. by the Atlantic ; S. by Rhode Island and Connecticut ; and W. by New- York. It lies between 41 23 and 43 52 N. lat. and between 3 33 and 7 10 E. longi tude from Washington. It contains 7,250 square miles, or 4,644,000 acres. MASSACHUSETTS. 55 It is divided into 14 counties, and 290 towns. It has on an average 81 persons each square mile, and is the most thickly settled state in the union. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Males. Females. Colored. Tot. Pop. County Towns. 1 Pop. Distance from Boston. Suffolk e 28,586 31,693 1,883 62,162 BOSTON 61,392 Salem 13,886 14 Essex ne 39,431 42,929 527 82,887 Newburyport 6,388 37 Ipswich 2,951 27 Middlesex m 38,107 39,348 513 77,968 Cambridge Concord 6,071 2,017 3 17 Plymouth e 20,905 21,678 410 42,993 Plymouth 4,751 36 Norfolk e 20,436 21396 169 41,901 Dedham 3,057 10 Bristol * 23,366 25,178 930 49,474 ) New Bedford ) Taunton 7,592 6,045 52 32 Barnstable $e 13,997 14,363 165 28,525 Barnstable 3,975 68 Nantucket se 3,339 3,584 279 7,202 Nantucket 7,202 100 Dukes se 1,702 1,768 48 3,518 Edgartown 1,509 97 Worcester m 41,545 42,449 371 84,365 Worcester 4,172 39 Hampshire wm 14,999 14,995 225 30,210 Northampton 3,613 91 Hampden *w 15,288 16,003 349 31,640 Springfield 6,784 87 Franklin nw 14,447 14,765 132 29,344 Greenfield 1,540 95 Berkshire w 18,310 18,510 1,005 37,825 Lenox 1,355 133 Total 294,449 308,559 7,006 610,014 Population of Massachusetts at different periods. In 1800, 422,845. " 1810, 472,040. Increase from 1800 to 1810, 49,195 "1820, 523,287. " 1810 to 1820, 51,247 " 1830, 610,014. " " 1820 to 1830, 86,727 Boston is the chief town. The other most considerable maritime towns are Salem, Newburyport, Marblehead, Beverly, Gloucester, Charlestown, Plymouth, and New Bedford. Worcester, Northampton, Springfield, Greenfield, Pitts- field, Haverhill, Dedham, Lowell, Taunton, Concord, and many others are pleasant and flourishing inland towns. The principal rivers are the Connecticut, Merrimack r Concord, Nashua, Charles, Mystic, Neponset, Taunton, Chickapee, Deerfield, Westfield, Miller s, and Housatonic. The Middlesex Canal, which connects Boston harbor with the Merrimack, is 30 miles long. It was completed in 1804, and was at that time the most consid erable canal in the United States. Blackstone canal extends from Worcester to Providence, and is 45 miles in length. Several different companies have been recently incorporated by the legisla ture of this state for the purpose of constructing rail-roads ; one from Boston to- Worcester ; another from Boston to the river Hudson ; another from Boston to Connecticut river ; another from Boston to Providence by Pawtucket ; another from Boston to Taunton ; another from Boston to Lowell ; another from Boston to Lake Ontario, New York ; another from West Stockbridge to the boundary line of the state of New York. PROFILE VIEW OF THE MASSACHUSETTS KAIL-ROAD, 56 MASSACHUSETTS. The principal islands are Nantucket and Martha s Vineyard. The most noted capes are Cape Ann, Cape Cod, and Cape Malabar. The most consid erable bays are Massachusetts, Cape Cod, Barnstable, Plymouth, and Buzzard s bays. There are no large lakes, but there are numerous ponds. The range of the Green Mountains passes from north to south, through the western part of this state. The principal chain takes the name of Hoosac mountain. The highest summits are Saddle and Takonnack mountains. The other most noted mountains in the state, are Wachuset, in Princeton, Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke, near Northampton, and Mount Toby, in Sunderland.. The general aspect of the country is interesting, affording many highly varied and extensive prospects. The face of the country is greatly diversified. The south-eastern part is mostly level. There are also level districts of small extent in the vicinity of the Merrimack in the north-east. Salt marshes are numerous in the maritime- parts, though not very extensive. Most of that part bordering on the sea-coast, and extending into the interior as far as the county of Worcester, may be regarded as the level division, exhibiting no very considerable elevations. The five western counties of Worcester, Hampshire, Franklin, Hampden, and Berk shire, present the greatest irregularity of surface, and constitute the highlands of the state. These counties, however, abound in vast tracts of elevated lands diversified with gentle swells, in large districts of pine-plains, in valleys of various extent, as well as in wide intervals, particularly on Connecticut river. The soil is exceedingly various, comprising every description from the most fertile to the most unproductive. In the south-eastern part it is mostly light and sandy, interspersed, however, with numerous fertile tracts. In the middle and northern parts, toward the sea-coast, it is of a much better quality, though not generally distinguished for its natural fertility ; but by excellent cultivation,. a great portion of it is rendered highly productive. The middle and western parts have generally a strong rich soil, excellent for grazing, and suited to most of the purposes of agriculture. The state is almost universally well watered. The streams of every description are remarkably clear and beautiful. The farms generally consist of from 100 to 300 acres, and are, for the most part, well cultivated. In no part of the United States have there been greater ad vances made in agricultural improvements than in Massachusetts. The country is intersected in every direction by roads, which are kept in a good state of repair. The principal productions are, Indian corn, rye, wheat, oats, barley, peas t beans, buck-wheat, potatoes, hops, flax, and hemp. Beef, pork, butter, and cheese are abundant in most parts of the state, and of excellent quality. The county of Berkshire, in particular, is distinguished for its extensive dairies* The state abounds with orchards, and great quantities of cider are annually made, which is the common beverage of the inhabitants. The principal culti vated fruits are apples, peaches, pears, quinces, plums, cherries, and currants. Gardening is an object of attention throughout the state, and all the hortulan vegetables suited to the climate, together with a variety of domestic fruits, are, in this way, extensively cultivated. Massachusetts is the most commercial state in the Union, except New York. The greatest part of the fisheries in the United States belong to this state. The principal articles of export are fish, beef, lumber, pork, ardent spirits, flax-seed, whale oil, spermaceti, and various manufactures. The total amount in 1829, was 8,255,000 dollars. This state holds the second rank in point of manufactures. The most con siderable are those of cotton cloths, boots and shoes, ardent spirits, leather, cordage, wrought and cast iron, nails, woollens, ships, straw bonnets, hats, cabinet work, paper, oil, and muskets. There is an extensive national estab lishment for the manufacture of arms at Springfield. In 1831 there were in MASSACHUSETTS. 57 this state 250 cotton mills, with a capital of 12,891,000 dollars, making annually 79,231,000 yards of cloth. The principal mines are those of iron, which are found in various parts, and there are numerous establishments for manufacturing iron. . The counties of Plymouth and Bristol afford great quantities of this mineral, and there are several rich iron mines in the county of Berkshire. A lead mine is found at South Hadley, and at some other places. Ochres and other fossil productions have been found in various places. Quarries of good marble are found irv Lanesborough, Stockbridge, Pittsfield, Sheffield, and several other places in Berkshire county. There are quarries of slate at Lancaster, Harvard, and Bernardston, and of soap-stone at Middlefield. Lime-stone is found in great abundance in the county of Berkshire, and free-stone in all parts e-f the state. Great quantities of beautiful stone for building are obtained from Chelmsford and Tyngsborough. The climate of Massachusetts is subject to the extremes of heat and cold. The air, however, is generally dry, serene, and healthy. The thermometer in summer is frequently observed to exceed 77 for forty or fifty days together ; and sometimes rises to 100. There are in this state 66 banks : total amount of capital paid in, $20,420,000. Of these, 19 are in Boston, including a branch of the United States Bank, 6 at Salem, 2 at New Bedford, 2 at Newburyport, 2 at Worcester, and the rest are scattered through the state with but one in a town. The principal literary institutions are Harvard University in Cam- j^^^^ bridge, connected with which there are medical, theological, and law schools ; Williams College at Williamstown ; Amherst College at Amherst ; Massachusetts Medical College in Boston connected with Harvard University ; Berkshire Medical Institution connected with Williams College ; the Theologi cal Seminaries at Andover and Newton ; Round Hill School at Northampton, Berkshire Gymnasium at Pittsfield, and Mount Pleasant Classical Institution at Amherst. There are also 56 incorporated academies, of which Philips Acade my at Andover, the oldest and best endowed, was incorporated in 1780, and has educated 2,025 scholars. Common schools are well supported throughout the state. The laws require that every town or district, containing 50 families, shall be provided with a school or schools equivalent in time to six months for one school in a year ; containing 100 families, 12 months; 150 families, 18 months; and the several towns in the state are authorized and directed to raise such sums of money as are necessary for the support of the schools, and to assess and collect the money in the same manner as other town taxes. Each town is also required to choose annually a school committee of 3, 5, or 7 persons, to take the general charge and superintendence of the public schools. The number of periodical presses in Massachusetts in 1830 was estimated at 40. The Congregationalists have 491 churches, and 423 ordained min- ReIi iouide isters, 118 of whom are Unitarians; the Baptists, 129 churches, 110 nomina- ministers, and 12,580 communicants; the Methodists, 71 preachers tion8> 183L and 8,200 members; the Universalists, 46 societies; the Episcopalians, 31 ministers ; the New Jerusalem Church, 8 societies ; the Presbyterians, 9 min isters ; the Roman Catholics, 4 churches ; and the Shakers, 4 societies. The territory of Massachusetts comprised, for many years after its first settlement, two separate colonies, styled the Plymouth Colony and the Colony of Massachusetts Bay* The first English settlement that was made in New England, was formed by 101 persons who fled from religious persecution in England, landed at Ply mouth on the 22d of December, 1620, and laid the foundation of Plymouth Colony. H 58 MASSACHUSETTS. constitution The constitution of this state was framed in 1780, and amended in and govern- 1821. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled The General Court of Mas sachusetts. The members of the house of representatives are elected annually in May ; and they must be chosen ten days at least before the last Wednesday of that month. Every corporate town having 150 ratable polls may elect one repre sentative, and another for every additional 225 ratable polls. The senate consists of 40 members, who are chosen, by districts, annually, on the first Monday in April. The supreme executive magistrate is styled The Governor of the Common wealth of Massachusetts, and has the title of " His Excellency." The governor is elected annually by the people on the first Monday of April, and at the same time a lieutenant-governor is chosen, who has the title of " His Honor." The governor is assisted in the executive part of government by a council of nine members, who are chosen, by the joint ballot of the senators and represent atives, from the senators ; and in case the persons elected, or any of them, decline the appointment, the deficiency is supplied from among the people at large. The general court meets (at Boston) on the last Wednesday of May, and also in January. The right of suffrage is granted to every male citizen, 21 years of age and upwards (excepting paupers and persons under guardianship,) who has resided within the commonwealth one year, and within the town or district in which he may claim a right to vote, six calendar months next preceding any election, and who has paid a state or county tax, assessed upon him within two years next preceding such election ; and also every citizen who may be by law exempted from taxation, and who may be, in all other respects, qualified as above mentioned. The judiciary is vested in a supreme court, a court of common pleas, and such other courts as the legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the council, and hold their offices during good behavior. Massachusetts sends 12 representatives to congress. The governor s salary is $3,666 67. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON MASSACHUSETTS. 1. How many square miles does Massachusetts contain? 2. How many inhabitants does it contain to a square mile? 3. How many counties? Population in 1830? 4. Chief towns and rivers ? 5. Mention the principal islands and capes. 6. Mountains. 7. Describe the face of the country. 8. What is said in regard to manufactures and commerce? 9. What are the principal minerals, and where found ? 10. What is said of the climate? 11. How many banks are there in Massachusetts? 12. How many of them are in Boston? 13. Mention the principal literary institutions. 14. What is said in regard to common schools? 15. Give an account of the first English settlement in New England. 16. In what is the legislative power vested? 17. When is the annual election for representatives, and when for senators ? 18. By whom is the governor assisted in the executive part of his office? RHODE ISLAND. 19. When and where does the general court meet 1 20. To whom is the right of suffrage granted ? 21. How many representatives does Massachusetts send to congress t 22. What is the governor s salary 1 RHODE ISLAND. ARMS OF RHODE ISLAND. LENGTH 40 miles. Breadth, 29. Contains 1350 square miles. Bounded N- and E. by Massachusetts ; S. by the Atlantic ; W. by Connecticut. Between 41 22 and 42 3 N. L. and 5 7 and 5 54 E. L. from Washington, TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. 1830. Distance from Providence. Providence n Newport se Washington sw Kent TO Bristol e ! Total 35,786 15,771 15,687 10,228 5,637 47,014 16,534 15,414 12,784 5,466 PROVIDENCE Newport South Kingston East Greenwich Bristol 16,832 8,010 3,663 1,591 3,054 30 31 15 15 83,059 97,212 Population, In 1790, 68,825 1800, 69,122 1810, 76,931 1820, 83,059 1830, 97,212 Population at different periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 297 1800 1810, 7,809 1810 1820, 6,128 1820 1830, 14,153 Slaves. 948 380 108 48 14 Population to a square mile, 75, being the second state in the Union in point ol a dense population. The rivers are Pawtucket, Providence, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood Narraganset bay extends up from S. to N. between the main land on river. the E. and W., and embosoms many pleasant and fertile islands; among (X) RHODE ISLAND. which are Rhode Island, from which the state derives its name, Canonicut, Prudence, Patience, Hope, Dyer s, and Hog Islands. Block Island, off the coast in the Atlantic, is the most southerly land belonging to the state. The most considerable towns are Providence, Newport, Bristol, Warren, South Kingston, East Greenwich, Smithfield, and the villages of Pawtucket, and Pawtuxet. The harbors are Newport, Providence, Wickford, Pawtuxet, Bristol, and Warren. The face of the country is mostly level, except in the north-west part, which is hilly and rocky. The soil is, generally better adapted to grazing than till age. A large proportion of the western and north-western part of the state has a thin and lean soil ; but the islands and the country bordering on Narra- ganset bay, are of great fertility, and are celebrated for their fine cattle, their numerous flocks of sheep, and the abundance and excellence of their butter and cheese. Here are found some of the finest cattle in New England. Cider is made for exportation. Corn, rye, barley, oats, and in some places wheat, are produced in sufficient quantities for home consumption ; and the various kinds of grasses, fruits, culinary roots and plants, in great abundance and per- fection. The rivers and bays swarm with a variety of excellent fish. Iron ore is found in large quantities in several parts, and some copper ; there is also an abundance of limestone, particularly in the county of Providence. The manufactures of Rhode Island are extensive. They consist chiefly of iron, cotton, woollen, paper, and hats. In 1831 there were in Rhode Island 116 cotton manufactories, with an ag gregate capital, including cost of land, water power, buildings and machinery, of $6,262,340. These establishments consume annually 10,415,578 pounds of cotton, and make 37,121,681 yards of cloth. Persons employed in them, 8,500, including women and children : aggregate amount of their wages, $1,177,527. There are likewise in this state 5 bleacheries, and two establish ments for printing calicoes connected with the cotton manufactories, with an aggregate capital of $532,375, making the grand total of 6,794,715 dollars, employed in the manufacture of cotton. The amount of capital employed in the manufacture of iron and steel, is $802,666, divided among 10 founderies and 30 machine-shops. Cost of establishments for the manufacture of wool in this state, including land, water-power, buildings, stock in trade &c., is $263,000, The exports consist chiefly of flaxseed, lumber, horses, cattle, beef, pork, fish, poultry, onions, butter, cheese, barley, grain, spirits, and cotton and linen goods. They amounted, in 1829, to 390,000 dollars. The climate of this state is as healthy as that of any part of America ; and it is more temperate than the climate of any of the other New England states, particularly on the islands, where the breezes from the sea have the effect not only to mitigate the heat in summer, but to moderate the cold in winter. The summers are delightful, especially on the island of Rhode Island. In Rhode Island there are 51 banks, including a branch of the United States bank.: of which 11 are in Providence; the others are in various parts of the state. The amount of capital stock is $6,732,296. Education Brown University is situated at Providence; at the same place there is a seminary styled the Friends Boarding School ; and there are 8 or 10 academies in the state. Increasing attention has of late been paid to education, and the state now pays annually, for the support of free schools, the sum of $10,000, which is divided among the several towns according to population. There are -in the state 10 periodical papers. The following was the number of the various religious denominations in this slate, in 1831. The Baptists had 16 churches, 12 ministers, 2,600 communi- RHODE ISLAND. (51 cants; the Methodists, 10 preachers, and 1,100 members,- the Congregation- alists, 10 churches, 10 ministers, and 1,000 communicants; the Unitarians, 2 societies, and 2 ministers; the Sabbatarians, about 1,000 communicants, the Six-Principle Baptists, about 8 churches, and about 800 communicants ; the Friends are considerably numerous ; and there are some Universalists, and 1 Roman Catholic church. The settlement of this state was commenced at Providence, in 1636, by the celebrated Roger Williams, a minister who was banished from Massachusetts on account of his religious opinions ; and in 1638 the settlement of the island of Rhode Island was begun by William Coddington, John Clarke, and others. In 1643, Mr. Williams went to England, and obtained, in 1764, a charter, by which the settlements of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations were united under one government, and which continued in force till 1663, when a new charter was granted by Charles II., which has ever since formed the basis of the government. Rhode Island is the only state in the Union which is without a Govem- written constitution. The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The house of representatives consists of 72 members, 6 from Newport, 4 from each of the towns of Providence, Portsmouth, and W 7 arwick, and two from each of the other towns in the state ; and they are elected semi-annually in April and August. The senate consists of 10 members, who are elected annually in April. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually in April. A lieutenant-governor is also elected, on whom the executive duties de volve in case of the office of governor being vacated. The general assembly meets four times a year ; at Newport on the firs* Wednesday in May, (the commencement of the political year,) and by ad journment, at the same place, in June. It meets on the last Wednesday in October, alternately at Providence and South Kingston ; and by adjournment, in January, at East Greenwich, Bristol, or Providence. The judges are appointed annually by the general assembly. This state sends two representatives to congress. The governor s annual salary is 400 dollars. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON RHODE ISLAND. 1. What is the length and breadth of Rhode Island? 2. How many counties does it contain ? 8. What was the total population of the state in 1830 ? 4. What was the increase of the population between 1820 and 1830? 5. Name the principal rivers, bays, and islands* 6. What are the principal towns and harbors ? 7. Describe the face of the country. 8. What are some of the principal productions! & What are the principal minerals ? 10. What is the number of cotton factories? 11. What their aggregate capital ? 12. How much cloth do they make annually? 13. How many banks are there in Rhode Island? 14. How many of these are in Providence? 15. What can you say in regard to education? 16. Which is the most numerous denomination of Christians in this state t 17. What is said in regard to the history of the state ? CONNECTICUT. 18. What charter now forms the basis of the government? 19. In what is the legislative power vested? 20. Of what does the house of representatives consist ? 21. Of what the senate ? 22. How often does the general assembly meet ? 23. How are the judges appointed ? 24. How many representatives does this state send to congress ? 25. What is the governor s salary ? CONNECTICUT. ARMS OF CONNECTICUT. CONNECTICUT is bounded N. by Massachusetts ; E. by Rhode Island ; S. by Long Island Sound, and W. by New York. It lies between 41 and 42 2 N. lat. and between 3 16 and 5 11 E. longitude from Washington, miles long, 70 broad, and contains 4,764 square miles. It is 90 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Dist. from Hartford. Fairfield sw 42,739 46,950 ( Fairfield Danbury 4,226 4,311 55 61 Hartford nm 47,264 51,141 HARTFORD 7,076 Litchfield nw 41,267 42,855 Litchfield 4,456 31 Middlesex sm 22,405 24,845 ( Middletown I Haddam 6,892 3,025 14 25 New Haven sm 39,616 43,848 NEW HAVEX 10,180 34 New London se 35,943 42,295 J New London ( Norwich 4,356 3,144 42 38 Tolland nm 14,330 18,700 Tolland 1,698 17 Windham ne 25,331 27,077 Brooklyn 1,413 41 8 Total 275,248 | 297,711 CONNECTICUT. 63 Population at Different Periods. Population. Slave*. In 1790, 237,946 1800, 251,002 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 13,056 2,764 1810, 261,942 1800 1810, 10,940 954 1820, 275,248 1810 1820, 13,306 310 1830, 297,711 1820 1830, 22,463 97 The principal rivers are the Connecticut, Housatonic, Thames, Farmington, and Naugatuck. The principal harbors are those of New London and New Haven. Farmington Canal extends from New Haven to the northern border of the state, 57 miles, where it unites with the Hampshire and Hampden Canal, which leads to Westfield, and it is to be continued to Northampton whole length, 87 miles. Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New London, and Norwich are incor porated cities ; Bridgeport, Danbury, Guilford, Killingworth, Newtown, Stam ford, Stonington, and Waterbury, boroughs. The face of the country is greatly diversified by mountains, hills and valleys. There are but few level tracts, nor any considerable mountains. The greatest elevation is a range of small mountains on the west side of Connecticut river, being a continuation of the Green Mountains. The hills are generally of mod erate size, and occur in quick succession, presenting to the traveller an ever- varying prospect. The soil is generally rich and fertile, though intermixed with portions that are comparatively thin and barren ; and the whole is well watered. It is gen erally in a state of good cultivation, resembling, in many parts, a well culti vated garden. The principal productions are Indian corn, rye, wheat in many parts, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax in large quantities, some hemp, potatoes, pumpkins, turnips, peas, beans, &c. Orchards are very numerous, and cider is made for exportation. The state is, however, generally better adapted to grazing than to tillage ; and its fine meadows and pastures enable the farmers to feed great numbers of neat cattle, horses, and sheep. The quantity of but ter and cheese made annually is great, and of well-known excellence. Beef and pork of superior quality, are also abundant. The state is generally laid out in small farms, from 50 to 300 and 400 acres. It is intersected by numer ous roads, which are generally kept in a good state of repair ; and is the third state in the Union in point of dense population, containing 62 to a square mile. Though exposed to the extremes of heat and cold, and to sudden changes of temperature, the country is very healthful. The north-west winds, which pre vail during the winter, are keen, but the serenity of the sky during the same season, makes amends, in some degree, for the severity of the weather. In the maritime towns, the weather is particularly variable, changing as the wind blows from sea or land ; in the inland country it is less so. The foreign trade of this state is principally with the West Indies : but its coasting trade is the most considerable. Its exports consist of beef, pork, cat tle, horses, mules, butter, cheese, maize, rye, flax-seed, fish, candles, and soap. The whole amount, in 1829, was 458,000 dollars. Almost all the produce of the western part of the state is carried to New York. Mines of different kinds have been found in this state, but in general they have not been wrought to any considerable extent. There is a lead mine on the Connecticut, two miles from Middletown, which was wrought during the revolutionary war. Copper mines have been discovered and opened in several places, but having proved unprofitable, have been neglected. Iron mines abound in many parts, and are productive. A quarry of valuable stone is found in Chatham, and one of marble in Milford. At Stafford is a mineral spring, the most celebrated in New England, 64 CONNECTICUT. Connecticut has considerable manufactures of various descriptions, consisting of wool, cotton, paper, iron in different forms, glass, snuff, powder, buttons, hats, clocks, &c. Tin-ware is extensively manufactured, and sent to all parts of the United States. In 1832 there were in the state 94 cotton manufactories, with a capital of $2,825,000, making annually 2,055,500 yards of cloth. There are, likewise,, more than 40 woollen manufactories in this state. The total value of all kinds of manufactures in 1830 was $1,442,878. There are in Connecticut 14 banks, including a branch of the United State* Bank at Hartford. The amount of bank stock in 1830 was $3,064,780. The colleges in Connecticut are Yale College, at New Haven, which has connected with it medical, theological, and law schools ; Wash* ington College, at Hartford; and Wesleyan College or University, recently founded at Middletown. At Hartford is the American Asylum for the Educa tion of the Deaf and Dumb ; and there are other respectable literary seminaries and academies at New Haven, Hartford, and various other places. This state possesses an important School Fund, which was derived from the sale of lands, reserved by Connecticut, in the state of Ohio, and which amounted on the first of April, 1829, to $1,882,261 68. The income of this fund is appropriated to the support of primary schools. In the year ending March 31, 1829, the sum of $72,161 15 was divided among the different free schools throughout the state. The number of children between the ages of 4 and 16, in 1828, was 84,899 ; and the dividends amounted to 85 cents to each child. The number of periodical presses in 1831 was 30. Reiigiousde- The Congregationalists have 236 ministers and 36 licentiates; the nominations. Baptists, 99 churches, 78 ministers, 14 licentiates, and 9,732 com municants ; the Episcopalians, 59 ministers ; the Methodists, 40 ministers, and 7,000 communicants ; there are also several societies of Friends, several of Universalists, two of Unitarians, one of Catholics, one of Shakers and some Free-will Baptists, and a few Sandemanians. The territory of Connecticut originally comprised two colonies ; the colony of Connecticut, and the colony of New Haven. The settlement of Hartford, in the colony of Connecticut, was commenced by emigrants from Massachusetts, in 1635; and that of New Haves, in 1638 r by emigrants from England. In 1662, a charter was granted by Charles II., with ample privileges, uniting the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven under one government ; but the colony of New Haven refused, for some time, to accept the charter, and the union did not take place till 1665. The charter was suspended, in 1687, by Sir Edmund Andros; but it was restored again after the revolution of 1688 in England; and it formed the basis of the government till 1818. Constitution ^ e charter granted in 1662 by Charles II., formed the basis of the and govern- government of Connecticut till 1818, when the present constitution was framed. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly. The members of the house of representatives are chosen by the different towns in the state : the more ancient towns, the majority of the whole num ber, send each two representatives; the rest only one each. The present number is 208. The senate must consist of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members, who are chosen by districts. The present number is 21. The executive power is vested in a governor. A lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate,- and on whom the duties of the governor devolve in case of his death, resignation, or absence. CONNECTICUT. 65 The representatives, senators, governor, and lieutenant-governor are all elected annually by the people on the first Monday in April. The general assembly has one stated session every year, on the first Wed nesday in May, alternately at Hartford (1831) and at New Haven (1832). " Every white male citizen of the United States, who shall have gained a settlement in this state, attained the age of 21 years, and resided in the town in which he may offer himself to be admitted to the privilege of an elector, at least six months preceding, and have a freehold estate of the yearly value of seven dollars, in this state ; or having been enrolled in the militia, shall have performed military duty therein for the term of one year next preceding the time he shall offer himself for admission, or being liable thereto, shall have been, by authority of law, excused therefrom ; or shall have paid a state tax within the year next preceding the time he shall present himself for such ad mission, and shall sustain a good moral character, shall, on his taking such an oath as may be prescribed by law, be an elector." The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. The judges are appointed by the general assembly ; and those of the Supreme and Superior Courts hold their offices during good behavior ; but not beyond the age of 70 years. No person is compelled to join, or support, or to be classed with, or associ ated to any congregation, church, or religious association. But every person may be compelled to pay his proportion of the expenses of the society to which he may belong : he may, however, separate himself from the society by leaving a written notice of his wish with the clerk of such society* The governor s annual salary is 1100 dollars. This state sends six representatives to congress. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON CONNECTICUT. 1. How is Connecticut bounded? 2. What was the population in 1830? 3. How many counties does it contain ? 4. Which is the most populous city ? 5. What is said of the Farmington Canal ? 6. What is said of the face of the country ? Soil and productions ? 7. How does Connecticut rank in point of a dense population ? 8. What are its principal exports? What was the amount in 1829? 9. Mention the principal articles manufactured. 10. How many cotton manufactories were there in 1832? 11. What was the amount of capital employed in them? 12. How many yards of cloth do they make annually? 13. How many banks are there in Connecticut? 14. Mention the principal literary institutions. 15. What was the amount of the school fund in 1829? 16. From what was the school fund derived? 17. Which denomination of Christians is the most numerous? 18. What can you say of the history of the state? 19. What formed the basis of the government of Connecticut till 1818? 20. When is the annual election for governor, senators, and representatives ? 21. When and how often does the general assembly meet? 22. What is a necessary qualification for an elector ? 23. What is the governor s salary ? 24. How many representatives does Connecticut send to congress ? 66 NEW YORK. NEW YORK. ARMS OF NEW YORK. NEW YORK is the most northern of the middle states, and the most populous state in the Union. It is bounded N. by lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence and Lower Canada ; E. by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut ; S. by the Atlantic, New Jersey and Pennsylvania ; W. by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, and the Niagara. Between 30 45 and 45 N. latitude; and 2 51 W. and 5 E. longitude from Washington. Length, 316 miles. Breadth, 304. Con taining 47,000 square miles. Population to a square mile, 40. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. South District. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Distance fr. Albany. Columbia e 38,330 39,952 Hudson 5,395 29 Duchess se 46,615 50,926 Poughkeepsie 7,222 75 Greene em 22,996 29,525 Catskill 4,861 34 King s 5 11,187 20,537 Flatbush 1,143 156 New York s 123,706 203,007 New York 203,007 151 Orange s 41,213 45,372 ( Goshen $ Newburgh 3,361 6,424 105 96 Putnam se 11,268 12,701 Carmel 2,379 106 Queen s 5 21,519 22,276 N. Hempstead 174 Richmond s 6,135 7,084 Richmond 167 Rockland s 8,837 9,388 Clarkstown 2,298 122 Suffolk se 24,272 26,980 Suffolk C. H. 225 Sullivan s 8,900 12,372 Vfonticello 113 tiister sm 30,934 36,551 Kingston 4,170 58 Westchester se 32,638 36,456 Bedford 2,750 135 14 Total S. Dist. 428,550 537,041 NEW YORK. 67 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. North District. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Distance ft. Albany. Albany em 38,116 53,560 ALBANY 24,238 Alleghany wm 9,330 26,218 Angelica 998 256 Broome sm 11,100 17,582 Binghampton 1,203 145 Cattaraugus wm 4,090 16,726 Ellicottsville 626 292 Cayuga m 38,897 47,947 Auburn 4,486 166 Chatauque w 12,568 34,057 Mayville 336 Chenango sm 31,215 37,404 Norwich 3,774 110 Clinton ne 12,070 19,344 Plattsburg 4,913 162 Cortland m 16,507 23,693 Cortlandville 3,573 142 Delaware sm 26,587 32,933 Delhi 2,114 77 Erie w 15,668 35,710 Buffalo 8,653 284 Essex ne 12,811 19,387 Elizabethtown 1,729 126 Franklin n 4,439 11,312 Malone 2,207 212 Genesee w 39,835 51,992 Batavia 4,271 244 Hamilton m 1,251 1,324 Wells 340 72 Herkimer m 31,017 55,869 Herkimer 2,486 80 Jefferson nw 32,952 48,515 Watertown 4,768 160 Lewis nm 9,227 14,958 Martinsburgh 2,382 129 Livingston wm 19,196 27,719 Geneseo 2,675 226 Madison m 32,208 39,037 ( Cazenovia ( Morrisville 113 101 Monroe wm 26,529 49,862 Rochester 9,269 219 Montgomery em 27,569 43,595 Johnstown 7,700 45 Niagara w 7,322 18,485 Lockport 2,022 288 C Utica 8,323 96 Oneida m 50,997 71,326 < Rome 4,360 107 ( Whitesboro 100 Onondaga m 41,461 58,974 Syracuse 133 Ontario wm 35,312 40,167 Canandaigua 5,162 195 Orleans wm 7,625 18,485 Albion 257 Oswego wm 12,374 27,104 Oswego Richland 2,703 2,733 167 153 Otsego m 44,856 51,372 Cooperstown 1,115 66 Rensselaer e 40,153 49,472 Troy 11,405 6 Saratoga em 36,052 36,616 Ballston 2,113 29 St. Lawrence nw 16,037 36,351 Potsdam 3,650 216 Schenectady em 13,081 12,334 Schenectady 4,258 15 Schoharie m 23,154 27,910 Schoharie 5,146 32 Seneca wm 17,773 21,031 (Ovid { Waterloo 2,756 1,837 171 173 Steuben swm 21,989 33,975 Bath 3,387 216 Tioga swm 14,716 27,704 $ Elmira I Owego 2,962 3,080 198 167 Tompkins swm 26,178 36,545 Ithaca 5,270 163 Warren em 9,453 11,795 Caldwell 797 62 Washington e 38,831 42,615 Salem Sandy Hill 2,972 46 50 Wayne wm 20,319 33,555 Lyons Palmyra 3,603 3,434 181 196 Yates wm 11,025 19,019 Penn Yan 185 42 Total Worth Dist. 944,262 1,366,467 56 Total of JV. York .... 1,913,508, of whom 46 are slaves. 68 l Lake Erie Buffalo Tonnewanta Cr Pendleton I Lockport i Middltport Road under can. Newport Brockport i Rochester Pittsfietd Grt. Embankment Palmyra --Newark i Lyons Clyde \ Montezuma Weedsport ^Jordan i Otisco Syracuse NEW YORK. Population at Different Periods. Population. Increase from Slaves. In 1790, 340,120 21,324 1800, 586,050 1790 to 1800, 245,930 20,613 1810, 959,049 1800 1810, 372,999 15,017 1820, 1,372,812 1810 1820, 413,763 10,088 1825, 1,616,458 1830, 1,913,508 1820 1830, 540,696 46 The principal rivers are the Hudson, Mohawk, St. Lawrence, Delaware, Susquehanna, Tioga, Allegha- ny, Genesee, Oswego, Niagara, Tonnewanta, Black, Oswegatchie, St. Regis, Racket, Salmon, and Sara- nac. A part of the lakes Erie, Ontario, and Cham- plain, belongs to New York. The other lakes in this state are, lakes George, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, Oswegatchie, Canandaigua, Chatauque, Skeneatiles, and several smaller ones. New York State Canals. JVeto Boston OntidaCr. Romt Utica ^ Steel s Or. German Flats Fall Hill Little Falls Canajoharie Anthony s Jfose \Schoharie ^ Flint Hilt Plattskill J3q. Schenectady Wat Hvit, Gap Cahoot Falls Cfiamptain Canal Albany Hudson River Length. Total cost. Erie Canal 363 miles. $9,027,456 95 Champlain 63 1,179,871 05 Oswego 38 " 525,115 37 Cayuga & Seneca 20 " 214,000 31 Tolls in 1831. $1,091.714 26 102,896 23 16,271 10 12,920 39 $1,223,801 98 The Erie Canal, which forms a communication between the Hudson and lake Erie, extending from Albany to Buffalo, is the most magnificent work of the kind in America, and is much longer than any canal in Europe. The Champlain Canal, which forms a communi cation between the Hudson and lake Champlain, is 63 miles long, and extends from Whitehall to Water- vliet, where it unites with the Erie Canal. The Oswego Canal extends from Oswego to Salina, 38 miles, and unites lake Ontario with the Erie Canal. The Delaware and Hudson Canal, formed by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, extends from the Hudson to the Delaware, 60 miles ; thence up the Delaware, 22 miles ; thence up the valley of the Lackawaxen to Honesdale, 24 miles; total length, 106 miles : average cost, about $15,000 a mile. The debt on account of canals, on the 1st of Jan uary, 1832, was 8,055,645 dollars. The following are the principal cities and towns : New York, Albany, Utica, Hudson, Troy, and Sche nectady, cities ; Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Cattskill, Athens, Lansingburgh, Waterford, and Sandy Hill, on the Hudson ; Cooperstown, Goshen, Cherry Val ley, Sacket s Harbor, Oswego, Auburn, Skeneatiles, Geneva, Canandaigua, Rochester, and Buffalo, west of the Hudson ; Plattsburg, on Lake Champlain, and Brooklyn and Sag-Harbor, on Long Island. The surface of the eastern part of the state of New York, is greatly diversified; there are some level tracts ^ but the greater part is hilly, or mountainous. The Catskill mountains are the principal range in the state. There are numerous summits west of Lake NEW YORK. C9 Champlain, the highest of which is estimated at nearly 3,000 feet above the lake. The western part of the state is mostly a level, or moderately uneven country ; but towards the Pennsylvania line it becomes hilly and broken. A great part of this state has a good soil, and a considerable portion is cele brated for its fertility. Much of the country is excellent for grazing ; and a great proportion is exceedingly well adapted to raising grain, and to the vari ous purposes of agriculture. The level tracts in the western part have a deep rich soil, and yield abundant crops of Indian corn, wheat, &c. A considerable part of the state is under good cultivation, particularly the west end of Long Island, and the counties of West-Chester and Duchess. Wheat is raised in greater abundance than any other kind of grain. Indian corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, peas, beans, various kinds of grass, &c., are ex tensively cultivated. Orchards are abundant, and great quantities of excellent cider are made. Various other kinds of fruit flourish well, as pears, peaches in the southern part, plums, cherries, &c. Iron ore is found in great abundance, in various parts. Gypsum, limestone, marble, slate, lead, &c., occur in different places. Salt springs are found in the counties of Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Ontario, Genesee, and Oneida. These springs supply 1,441,558 bushels of salt annually, and the manufacture may be extended to any desirable quantity. The mineral waters of New York are the most celebrated in America. The waters of Saratoga and Ballston are visited from all parts of the Union. New Lebanon Springs are much re sorted to for bathing. Sulphur springs are numerous ; of these Clifton springs at Farmington, are the most noted. Oil springs, which produce Seneca oil, are found in Cataraugus and Alleghany counties. There are many natural curiosities in this state; the most celebrated of which is the great cataract of Niagara. Baker s and Glen s Falls on the Hudson, Adgate Falls on Sable river, the Cohoes on the Mohawk, and the falls on the Genesee, Salmon river, Fall Creek, Black river, and West Canada Creek, are all objects of interest. The passage of the Hudson through the Highlands, Rockbridge in Chester, Split Rock on Lake Champlain, the Ridge road extending from the Genesee to Lewiston, and the scenery around Lake George, are all regarded as curiosities. Not long since there was discovered on the north bank of Black river, op posite to the village of Watertown, an extraordinary cavern, the mouth of which is about 10 rods from the river. It has been but partially explored, al though it is said to have been traversed to "the distance of more than 100 rods. It is of vast extent, comprising a great number of spacious rooms, halls, and chambers, with immense quantities of calcareous concretions in different states, from the consistence of lime mortar to that of the most beautiful sta lactites as hard as marble- The mouth of the cavern is a small hollow, about 5 feet below the surrounding surface of the earth. You then descend 16 feet into a room, about 16 feet by 20, and 8 feet high ; and behold in front of you a large table rock, 12 or 14 feet square, 2 thick, and elevated about 4 feet from the bottom of the cavern ; the roof over-head is covered with stalactites, some of which reach to the rock. On your left hand is an arched way of 150 feet, and on your right is another arched way, 6 feet broad at the bottom, and 6 high, leading into a large room. Passing by this arch about 20 feet, you ar rive at another, which leads into a hall 10 feet wide, and 100 long, from 5 to 8 high, supported by pillars and arches, and the side bordered with curtains, plaited in variegated forms, as white as snow. Near the middle of this hall an arched way extends through, which, like the hall, is bordered with curtains, hung over with stalactites. Returning into the hall, you pass through another arch into a number of rooms on the left hand, curtained, and having stalac tites hanging from the roof. You then descend 10 feet into a chamber about 20 feet square, 2 high, curtained in like manner, and hung over with stalac- 70 NEW YORK. tites. In one corner of this chamber, a small mound is formed, about 12 feet in diameter, rising 3 feet from the floor ; the top of which is hollow and full of water, from the drippings of stalactites above, some of which reach near to the basin. The number and spaciousness of the rooms, curtained and plaited with large plaits, extending along the walls from 2 or 3 feet from the roof, of the most perfect whiteness, resembling the most beautiful tapestry ; the large drops of water which are constantly suspended from the roofs above ; the columns of spar resting on pedestals, which in some places seem to be formed to support the arches ; the reflection of the lights, and the great extent and variety of the scenery of this wonderful cavern, form altogether one of the most pleasing and interesting scenes of the kind ever beheld by the eye of man. The exports of New York exceed those of any other state in the Union, and amounted, in 1829, to 20,119,000 dollars. They consist of beef, pork, wheat, flour, Indian corn, rye, butter, cheese, pot and pearl ashes, flaxseed, peas, beans, horses, cattle, lumber, &c. Manufac- There were in this state in 1831, 208 woollen manufactories, and tures. the to t a i value of woollens manufactured annually was estimated at $2,500,000. The number of iron works in the state is over 200, and the total value of all manufactures of iron is estimated at $4,000,000. There are in the state of New York, (1832,) 112 cotton manufactories. Amount of capital invested, $4,485,500 Value of goods manufactured annually, . 3,530,250 Pounds of cotton used annually, 7,961,670 Equal to 26,538 bales, of 300 Ibs. each. Number of spindles in use, 157,316 Number of persons employed and sustained by said establishments, 15,971 The following will give some idea of the amount of several of the principal manufactures in this state made annually. Woollens $2,500,000 Cottons 3,520,250 Iron and manufactures 4,000,000 Paper 700,000 Leather 3,458,650 Hats 3,500,000 Boots and shoes, deducting leather 3,000,000 Window glass . . 200,000 Domestic articles made in families 4,823,831 $25,702,731 Onondaga Salt Springs. On the borders of Onondaga lake there are val uable saline springs, which are the property of the state, and from which salt in large quantities, is manufactured. The water yields salt at the rate of one bushel to 45 gallons. The salt is made at the villages of Salina, Syracuse, Liverpool, and Geddes. Bushels. Duties. Quantity of salt inspected in 1826, 827,508 $68,825.33 Do. do. 1827, 983,410 126,942.41 Do. do. 1828, 1,160,888 131,959.32 Do. do. 1829, 1,404,800 In the state of New York are 67 banks, January 1832, including 3 branches of the United States bank ; 19 of which are in the city of New York, 5 at Al bany, 3 at Troy, 2 at Rochester, and the others are in various parts of the state, only one in a place. Total capital $27,133,460. NEW YORK. 71 Education *^ ie P rmc ip a l literary seminaries in this state are Columbia Col- lege, in the city of New York ; Union College, at Schenectady ; Ham- ilton College, at Clinton ; Geneva College, at Geneva ; the Medical Colleges in New York city and at Fairfield ; the Theological Seminaries in New York city, at Auburn, Hartwick, and Hamilton ; the Polytechny, at Chittenango ; the Albany Academy, and about 50 other academies. Summary of the Annual Report of the Superintendent of Common Schools, January y 1832. Organized counties 55 Towns and wards 793 School districts 9,383 Those that have made reports 8,835 Whole number of scholars taught in the common schools 506,887 Whole number of children between 5 and 16 in the districts from which reports have been received 509,731 Increase of children taught in 1831 7,463 Increase of number of districts 270 Average number of months in the year in which scholars are taught 8 Amount of school moneys received in the several districts in the state, viz. From the state treasury $100,000 00 Town taxes and local funds 144,886 09 244,886 09 Amount paid for teachers wages over and above the public money 372,692 00 Total paid teachers $617,578 09 The productive capital of the School Fund, is $1,704,159 40. Newspapers are now published in all the organized counties of the state,, except Putnam, Richmond, and Rockland, which counties are supplied with New York city and other papers. The daily papers are 18 in number^ viz. 13. printed ia the city of New York, 4 in Albany, and 1 in Rochester* In the city of New York 64 papers are published",, viz.. Whole number issued at each publication. Annually. 13 Daily 13,200 (average, 1400) 5,623,80a 12 Semi- weekly 19,200 (average, 1600) .... 1,996,800 33 Weekly 56,000 2,912,000 3 Semi-monthly 3,000 72^000* 3 Monthly 2,000 24,000 64 Papers. Total number of sheets printed annually,. .10,628,600 194 Probable number issued in other parts of the state, . . .5,400,000 258 Total.. 16,028,600 The Presbyterians have 5 synods, 29 presbyteries, 587 churches ,. Reli iougdte 486 ministers, 124 licentiates, and 54,093 commumcaats ; the nomina- Dutch Reformed, 148 churches, 111 ministers, 7 licentiates, and tions 1831 8,672 communicants; the Associate Synod of N. A., 15 congregations 13 ministers, and 1,668 communicants; the Methodists, 73,174 members; the Baptists, 549 churches, 387 ministers, and 43,565 communicants ; the Episco palians, 129 ministers ; the Lutherans, 27 ministers, and 2,973 communicants; the Roman Catholics, Friends, and Universalists are considerably numerous ; the Unitarians have 5 societies and 2 ministers, and there are some Shakers, and some United Brethren, 72 NEW YORK. Comparative view of the number of Clergy in the State in 1819 and 1832. No. in 1819. No. in 1832. Presbyterians and Congregationalists 328 460 Episcopalians 83 143 Baptists 139 310 Reformed Dutch 105 98 Methodists 90 357 Lutherans 16 13 Other denominations, not enumerated in 1819 89 Total 761 1470 The settlement of this state was commenced by the Dutch, in 1614, who named the country New Netherlands, and established a colonial government in 1629. In 1664, Charles II. of England granted to his brother, the duke of York, a patent for a large tract of country, forming the present states of New York and New Jersey ; and during the same year, colonel Nicolls, with a considerable force, in the service of the duke, made a conquest of the country ; and the name of New Netherlands was afterwards changed into New York. In 1673, the colony was recaptured by the Dutch, and held by them a few months ; but, with the exception of this short period, it was in the possession of the English from 1664 till the American Revolu tion, in 1775. constitution ^ e P 1 * 68611 * constitution of the state of New York was formed in and govern- 1821. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected ment - by the people every two years ; and, at the same time, a lieutenant- governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom, in case of the impeachment, resignation, death, or absence of the governor from office, the powers and duties of governor devolve. The legislative power is vested in a senate of 32 members, who are chosen for four years, and an assembly of 128 members, who are elected annually; and these bodies united are styled The Legislature. For the election of the senators, the state is divided into eight districts, each being entitled to choose four senators, one of whom is elected every year. The members of the assembly are chosen by counties, and are apportioned accord ing to population. The election of governor, lieutenant-governor, senators, and members of the assembly, is held at such time in the month of October or November, as the legislature may by law provide. The political year commences on the first day of January ; and the legisla ture meets annually (at Albany) on the first Tuesday in January, unless a different day is appointed by law. The constitution grants the right of suffrage, in the election of public officers, to every white male citizen, of the age of 21 years, who has been an inhabitant of the state one year next preceding any election, and, for the preceding six months, a resident in the county where he may offer his vote ; but no man of color is entitled to vote unless he is possessed of a freehold estate of the value of 250 dollars, without any encumbrance. The chancellor and judges are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate. The chancellor and justices of the supreme and circuit courts hold their offices during good behavior, or until they attain the age of 60 years. The judges of the county courts, or courts of common pleas, are appointed for a term of five years. The governor s annual salary is $4,000. This state sends 40 representa tives to congress NEW YORK. 73 PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON NEW YORK. 1. How is New York bounded? 2. How many square miles does it contain ? 3. How many counties 1 4. What was the total population in 1830 ? 5. How many were slaves ? 6. Mention the principal rivers and lakes. 7. Mention the canals in New York, length, and their cost ? 8. What can you say of the Erie canal ? 9. Champlain 1 10. Delaware and Hudson? Principal cities and towns? 11. Describe the face of the country. 12. Soil. 13. What is said of the different kinds of grain? 14. How many bushels of salt do the salt springs of the state supply annually ? 15. What was the amount of exports in 1829? 16. What do the exports consist of? 17. What was the number of woollen manufactures in the state in 1831 ? 18. What the value of woollens manufactured annually? 19. What is the number of iron works? 20. What is the value of all the manufactures of iron? 21. Give an^ account of the manufacture of cotton. 22. Can you mention the annual amount of the principal manufactures in the state ? 23. How many banks were there in the state, January 1832 ? 24. Mention the principal literary seminaries. 25. How many scholars were taught in the common schools of the state in 1831 ? 26. What was the total number of clergy in 1832? 27. Can you give a short history of the state ? 28. When was the present constitution of the state formed ? 29. In whom is the executive power of the state vested ? 30. What is said of the legislative power ? 31. Into how many districts is the state divided for the election of senators? 32. When does the political year commence ? 33. To whom does the constitution grant the right of suffrage ? 34. What is the governor s salary ? 35. How many representatives does the state send to congress ? K 74 NEW JERSEV. NEW JERSEY. ARMS OF NEW JERSEY. NEW JERSEY is bounded N. by New York ; E. by the Atlantic and by Hudson river, which separates it from New York ; S. by Delaware bay, and W. by Delaware river, which separates it from Pennsylvania.. It extends from long. 1 26 to 3 9 E. from Washington, and from lat. 39 to 41 24 N. It is 160 miles long from N. to S. and contains 8,320 square miles, or 5,324,000 acres. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. | Pop. 1830. County Towns. Dist. from Trenton. Bergen, ne 18,178 22,414 Hackensack 63 Burlington, m 28,822 31,066 Mount Holly 21 Cape May, se 4,265 4,945 Cape May C. H. 102 Cumberland, s 12,668 14,091 Bridgetown 69 Essex, nm 30,793 41,928 Newark 49 Gloucester, sm 23,039 28,431 Wood bury 39 C T^i? T7 < \r f rmvr Hunterdon, wm 28,604 31,066 \ _L IviiixV A UJM ^ Flemington 23 Middlesex, m 21,470 23,157 New Brunswick 27 Monmouth, e 25,038 29,233 Freehold 36 Morris, nm 21,368 23,580 Morristown 55 Salem, sw 14,022 14,155 Salem 65 Somerset, m 16,506 17,689 Somerville 33 Sussex, nw 32,752 20,349 Newton 70 Warren, nw 18,634 Belvidere 54 14 Total 277,575 320,779, of whom 2,446 are s laves. Population. In 1790 184,139 1800 211,149 1810 245,562 1820 277,575 1830 320,779 Population at different periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 27,010 1800 1810, 34,413 1810 1820, 32,013 1820 1830, 42,204 Slaves. 11,423 12,422 10,851 7,557 2,446 NEW JERSEY. 75 Delaware river separates this state from Pennsylvania, and the Hudson forms the northern part of the eastern boundary. The other most considerable rivers are the Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Great Egg Harbor River, and Musconetcunk. Trenton is the seat of government. The other most considerable towns are Newark, New Brunswick, Elizabethtown, Burlington, and Amboy. The Morris Canal is intended to connect the Delaware and Hudson rivers, and to extend from Easton to Jersey City. The whole line from Easton on the Delaware, to Newark on the Passaic, is finished. The remaining part, from PROFILE VIEW OF THE MORRIS CANAL. Newark to Jersey City is about 11 miles long. Hopatcong lake, at the summit level, being about 900 feet above tide-water, supplies the canal with water throughout. The whole expense is estimated at a little upwards of $1,100,000. The Delaware and Raritan Canal, which is to extend from New Brunswick on the Raritan to Lamberton on the Delaware below Trenton, a distance of 28 miles, is in progress, and will probably be finished in 1833. This will be a source of great internal improvement. It is 7 feet deep, and 75 feet wide at the water-line. Charters for several rail-roads have been granted by the legislature within two years, the state having reserved the right to levy a transit duty upon the goods, &c. transported upon them, which is expected to yield to the state a large revenue, when the works shall be completed. The most important of these enterprises is the Camden and Amboy Rail road, the charter of which was granted in 1829, and which is to extend from Amboy to Camden, a distance of 61 miles. The part of this rail-road which extends from Amboy to Bordentown, 34 miles in length, and having a devia tion of only f of a mile in the whole distance from a right line, is expected to be completed in 1832. The other part of the rail-road, from Bordentown to Camden, a distance of 27 miles, is expected to be finished early in the summer of 1833. The Paterson and Hudson River Rail-road is to extend from Paterson to Jersey City, a distance of 14 miles. The stock has been taken up, and the work commenced. A charter was granted in 1832 for a rail-road from the Hudson river through Newark, Elizabethtown, near Rahway, and Woodbridge, to New Brunswick, and by means of the connecting road which the joint com panies are compelled to make, it will be united to the Camden and Amboy Rail-road. The four northern counties, Sussex, Warren, Morris, and Bergen, are moun tainous. The next four, Hunterdon, Somerset, Essex, and Middlesex, are agreeably diversified with hills and valleys. South Mountain, a great ridge of the Alleghany range, crosses the state in lat. 41 N., and the Kittatinny ridge crosses a little to the north of South Mountain. The greater part of the six southern counties is composed of the long range of level country which com mences at Sandy Hook, and lines the coast of the middle and southern states. 76 NEW JERSEY. Much of this range is nearly barren, producing only shrub oaks and yellow pines ; but the rest of the state has a large proportion of good soil, excellent for grazing, and for the various purposes of agriculture. The productions are wheat, rye, maize, buckwheat, potatoes, oats, and barley. Great numbers of cattle are raised in the mountainous parts for the markets of New York and Philadelphia. Large quantities of butter and cheese are also made. The exports are flour, wheat, horses, cattle, hams, cider, lumber, flax-seed, leather, and iron. The greater part of the produce exported from this state, passes through New York and Philadelphia : and hence the amount of the direct foreign exports in 1829 was but $8,000. Great quantities of leather .are manufactured at the valuable tanneries of Trenton, Newark, and Elizabethtown. Large quantities of shoes are made at Newark. There is a glass-house in Gloucester county, and there are paper- mills and nail manufactories in various parts of the state. But the most impor tant manufacture is that of iron. In the county of Morris, there are 7 rich iron mines, 2 furnaces, 2 rolling and slitting mills, and 30 forges. The annual produce of these works is about 540 tons of bar iron, 800 tons of pig, besides large quantities of hollow ware, sheet iron, and nail rods. There are also iron works in the counties of Burlington, Gloucester, Sussex, &c. The annual produce in the whole state, is computed at about 1200 tons of bar iron, 1200 tons of pig, and 80 tons of nails, exclusive of small articles. The number of cotton manufactories is 51, with an aggregate capital of 2,027,644, which make annually 5,133,776 yards of cloth. There are in New Jersey 18 banks, viz. Belvidere Bank, Belvidere ; Cum berland Bank, Bridgetown ; Salem Banking Company, Salem ; State Bank, Camden ; Farmers Bank of New Jersey, Mount Holly ; Trenton Banking Company, Trenton ; New Brunswick Bank, New Brunswick ; State Bank, New Brunswick ; State Bank, Elizabeth ; State Bank, Newark ; Newark Banking and Insurance Company, Newark ; Commercial Bank of New Jersey, Perth Amboy ; Washington Bank, Hackinsack ; People s Bank, Paterson ; State Bank, Morris ; Sussex Bank, Newton ; Farmers - and Mechanics Bank, Rahway; Orange Bank, Orange.; Morris Canal and Banking Company, Jersey City. There are colleges and theological seminaries at Princeton and Education. XT ,-, . , D , , . . , New Brunswick, and academies at various places. This state has a school fund which amounted, in October, 1829, to $245,404 47, which is all in productive stocks, yielding an interest, on an average, of about 5 per cent. A tax of half of one per cent, on the amount of the capital stock of the several banks subscribed and paid in, is also appro priated to this fund ; and the whole annual income is about $22,000. By a law passed in 1829, $20,000 were annually appropriated to the support of common schools out of the income of the fund. The number of periodical presses is 19. Rpiiiong r ^ ne Presbyterians have 85 churches, 88 ministers, 20 licentiates, denomina- and 12,519 communicants ; the Methodists, 10,730 members; the Lions Dutch Reformed, 28 churches and 28 ministers ; the Baptists, 34 churches, 21 ministers, and 2,324 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 20 min isters ; the Friends are considerably numerous, and there are some Congre- gationalists. Constitution ^e const i tllt i n f New Jersey was formed in 1776 ; and no and govern- revision of it has since taken place, except that the legislature has ent> undertaken to explain its provisions in particular parts. The govern ment is vested in a governor, legislative council, and general assembly ; and these bodies united are styled The Legislature. The members of the legislative council and of the general assembly, are elected annually, on the second Tuesday in October. PENNSYLVANIA. 77 The number of members of the legislative council is 14, one being elected by each county in the state. The general assembly has consisted, for a number of years past, of 43 members ; but by a law enacted in 1829, seven additional members were added ; and it will hereafter consist of 50 members, apportioned among the counties as follows : Bergen 3, Essex 5, Morris 4, Sussex 3, War ren 3, Hunterdon 5, Somerset 3, Middlesex 4, Monmouth 4, Burlington 5, Gloucester 4, Salem 3, Cumberland 3, and Cape May 1. The legislature meets annually (at Trenton), on the 4th Tuesday in October. The governor is chosen annually by a joint vote of the council and assembly, at their first joint meeting after each annual election. The governor is presi dent of the council ; and the council also elect from their own body, at their first annual meeting, a vice-president, who acts in the place of the governor in his absence. The governor and council form a court of appeals, in the last resort in all causes of law ; and they possess the power of granting pardon to criminals after condemnation. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to " all persons of full age who are worth fifty pounds proclamation-money, clear estate in the same, and have resided within the county in which they claim to vote for twelve months imme diately preceding the election." The legislature has declared, by law, that every white male inhabitant, who shall be over the age of 21 years, and shall have paid a tax, shall be considered worth fifty pounds, and entitled to a vote. The judges are appointed by the legislature, those of the supreme court for a term of seven years, and those of the inferior courts for five years ; both are capable of being reappointed. This state sends 6 representatives to cdngress. Governor s salary, $2,000. NOTE. The practical questions will be omitted in the remaining states as the teacher may easily ask questions, similar to those which are given on the other states, and any others that he may think useful. PENNSYLVANIA. ARMS OF PENNSYLVANIA. PENNSYLVANIA is bounded N. by New York and lake Erie ; E. by New Jersey, S. E. by Delaware, S. by Maryland and Virginia, and W. by part of Virginia and Ohio. It extends "from 39 42 to 47 17 N. lat. and from 3 31 W. Ion. to 2 18 E. Ion. from Washington. Its greatest length from east 78 PENNSYLVANIA. to west is 307 miles, and its average breadth, 160. Extent, 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 acres. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Eastern District. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Distance fr. Harrisburg. Adams s 19,370 21,379 Gettysburg 1,473 34 Berks se 46,275 53,357 Reading 5,859 52 Bucks se 37,842 45,740 ( Doylestown I Bristol 1,262 107 122 Chester se 44,451 50,908 West Chester 1,258 75 Cumberland sm 23,606 29,218 Carlisle 2,523 18 Delaware se 14,810 17,361 Chester 848 95 Dauphin sent 21,653 25,303 HARRISBURG 4,311 Franklin s 31,892 35,103 Chambersburg 2,794 48 Lehigh e 18,895 22,266 Allentown 85 Lancaster se 68,336 76,558 Lancaster 35 Lebanon sem 16,988 20,546 Lebanon 7,704 24 Montgomery e 35,793 39,404 Norristown 1,826 88 Northampton e 31,765 39,267 Easton 1,089 101 Perry m 11,342 14,257 New Bloomfield 3,529 36 Philadelphia se ^Philadelphia city 73,295 63,802 108,503 80,458 > Philadelphia 80,458 98 Pike e 2,894 4,843 Milford 157 Schuylkill em 11,339 20,783 Orwigsburg 773 59 Wayne ne 4,127 7,663 Bethany 327 162 York s 38,759 42,658 York 4,216 24 Western District. Alleghany w *Pittsburg city 27,673 7,248 37,964 12,542 > Pittsburg 12,542 201 Armstrong w 10,324 17,625 Kittaning 1,620 183 Beaver w 15,340 24,206 Beaver 914 229 Bedford s 20,248 24,536 Bedford 870 105 Bradford n 11,554 19,669 Towanda 128 Butler w 10,193 14,683 Butler 580 203 Cambria in 2,287 7,079 Ebensburg 270 131 Centre m 13,797 18,765 Bellefonte 699 85 Clearfield m 2,342 4,803 Clearneld 129 Columbia em 17,621 20,049 Danville 65 Crawford nw 9,397 16,005 Meadville 1,070 236 Erie nw 8,553 16,906 Erie 1,329 272 Fayette sw 27,285 29,237 Uniontown 1,341 184 Greene sw 15,554 18,028 Waynesburg 222 Huntingdon m 20,144 27,159 Huntingdon 90 [ndiana win 8,882 14,251 Indiana 433 157 Jefferson wm 561 2,225 Brookville 165 Luzerne em 20,027 27,304 Wilkesbarre 2,233 114 Ly coming m 13,517 17,637 Williamsport 87 McKean n 728 1,439 Smithport 200 Vtercer w 11,681 19,731 Mercer 656 235 Mifflin m 16,618 21,529 Lewistown 1,479 55 Northumberland m 15,424 18,168 Sunbury 1,057 52 Potter n 186 1,265 Cowdersport 174 * Philadelphia and Pittpburg exclusive of the suburbs. PENNSYLVANIA. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Western District. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Distance fr. Harrisburg. Somerset s Susquehannah ne Tioga n Union m Venango w Warren nw Washington sw Westmoreland sw 51 Total of Penn. 13,974 9,660 4,021 18,619 1,976 40,038 4,915 30,540 17,441 16,777 9,062 20,749 4,706 42,860 9,128 38,400 Somerset Montrose Wellsborough New Berlin Warren Washington Franklin Greensburg 649 415 1,816 409 810 143 163 147 60 240 212 212 170 1,049,313 1,347,672 In 1701, 1763, 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820, 1,049,313 1830, 1,347,672 Population at Different Periods. Population. Increase from 20,000 1701 to 1763, Slaves. 280,000 434,373 602,545 810,091 3,737 1,706 795 211 386 Canals. 260,000 1763 1790, 154,373 1790 1800, 168,172 1800 1810, 207,546 1810 1820, 239,222 1820 1830, 298,659 There are three incorporated cities in this state, Phil adelphia, Pktsburg, and Lancaster. The other most noted towns are Reading, Easton, Bethlehem, Carlisle, York, Germantown, *Chambersburg, Columbia, Sun- bury, Brownsville, Washington, &c. The principal rivers are the Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, Juniata, Alleghany, Monongahela, and Ohio. The Union Canal extends from Reading on the river Schuylkill, where it intersects the Schuylkill Canal, to Middletown on the Susquehannah river, a distance of 80 miles. The Schuylkill Canal extends from Philadelphia to the coal mines at Port Carbon, a distance of 114 miles. The Lehigh Canal extends along that river from Easton to Mauch Chunk, a distance of 47 miles. A rail road 9 miles in length, extends from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines. The Lackawaxen Canal extends from the Delaware river at the mouth of Lackawaxen creek, up it to near Bethany, 24. miles; it there unites with a rail-road 9 miles in length, which extends to the coal mines at the Lackawannock mountains. The Conestoga Canal connects the city of Lancaster with the Susquehanna river, length 18 miles. The Susquehanna Canal extends along the west side of mouth of the Juniata river to near the junction of the north a distance of 39 miles. The canal is then extended along the state of New York, a distance of 165 miles, and along Dunnstown, a distance of 70 miles. Manayunk Fairmount PHILADELPHIA that river from the and west branches, the north branch to the west branch to PENNSYLVANIA. Blairsvillt Chestnut Ridge Johnstown PENNSYLVANIA, 81 The Pennsylvania canal extends from Columbia on the Susquehanna to the Juniata river, and thence to Pittsburg, a distance of 322 miles. The Pittsburg and Erie Canal is intended to unite the Ohio river at Pitts- burg, with lake Erie at the town of Eric. Length 168 miles, of which about 20 miles are now finished. The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania Canal extends from Easton, at the mouth of the Lehigh river, to Bristol on the Delaware, a distance of 60 miles. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal will extend through the south-east part of Pennsylvania, from the state line at Wills creek to Pittsburg, a distance of 151 miles. According to the " Pennsylvania State Register," for 1831, "The whole ex- tent of the state canals is 428-| miles, of which 406 miles are completed. Be sides this extent of canal navigation, there are 302 miles belonging to private companies, making an aggregate, in the state, of 728 miles. The public property of the commonwealth is as follows : Expended on the state canals $10,544,243 16 Bank stock owned by the state 2,108,700 00 Turnpike stock do 1,911,243 39 Canal stock do .200,000 00 Bridge stock do 410,000 00 Total $15,174,186 55 State debt, January 1, 1831, $12,512,520,48. * , ., _ . The Columbia Rail-Road VIEW OP THE COLUMBIA RAIL-ROAD. Rail-Roads. , ni M i i i extends from Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna river, and is 83 miles in length. It crosses the river Schuylkill on a substantial bridge of three arches, about two miles above the city of Philadelphia. The Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown Rail-Road extends from the city of Philadelphia, in a north-western direction, to Norristown, upon the river Schuylkill, a distance of about 18 miles. Pennsylvania is intersected by various mountains. The principal ridges of the Alleghany mountains, comprehended in Pennsylvania, are the Kittatinny, or the Blue mountains. Behind these and nearly parallel to them, are Peters, Tuscarora, and Nescopeck mountains, on the east side of the Susquehanna ; on the west, Shareman s hill, Sideling hill, Ragged, Great, Warrior s, Evit s, and Wills mountains ; then the great Alleghany ridge, which being the largest, gives name to the whole ; and west of this are the Chestnut ridges. Between the Juniata and the west branch of the Susquehanna, are Jacks, Tussys, Nittiny, and Bald Eagle mountains. The valleys between these moun tains are often of a rich, black soil, suited to the various kinds of grass and grain. Some of the mountains admit of cultivation almost to their summits. The other parts of the state are generally level, or agreeably diversified with hills and valleys. The soil of Pennsylvania is various ; a small part of it is barren, but a great proportion of it fertile and a considerable part very excellent. It is gene rally better adapted to tillage than grazing ; and much of it, particularly the south-east part, is under excellent cultivation. The two best tracts of land are, one in the south-east part, along the Susquehanna, the other in the north-west part, between lake Erie and Alleghany river. Wheat is the most important L 82 PENNSYLVANIA. article of produce. The next in value is Indian corn. Buckwheat, rye, barley oats, flax, hemp, beans, peas, and potatoes are extensively cultivated. Cherries, peaches, apples, and cider, are abundant. There are large dairies in many parts. Pennsylvania has an excellent breed of horses. Iron ore is distributed in large quantities in many parts of the state ; and in some places copper, lead, and alum are found. Here are also numerous lime stone quarries, and various kinds of marble ; and in the middle and western parts there is an abundance of coal. The general style of architecture in this state is neat and solid. Stone buildings are most common in old settlements ; brick houses are frequent ; log and frame houses abound in the new country. In the towns there is a con siderable proportion of brick houses. Many turnpike roads of the most du- able materials, and best construction, are made in various parts of the state. hat from Philadelphia to Lancaster is 62 miles in length, 24 feet wide, and covered 18 inches deep with powdered stone. Numerous bridges, of great strength and beauty, are constructed over the rivers. Pennsylvania exceeds all the other states in the variety and extent of her manufactures, some of which are of superior excellence. In 1832 there were 67 cotton manufactories in the state, with an aggregate capital of $3,758,500, and making annually 21,332,467 yards of cloth. In the article of iron manu factures Pennsylvania far excels any other state in the Union. The total value of manufactures, including about 250 different articles, is estimated at $70,000,000. In 1831 there were 33 banks in this state, 11 of which were in the city of Philadelphia. The bank capital is $10,310,333. Ed cation ^ e P rmc ^P a ^ literary seminaries in this state are the University " of Pennsylvania with its Medical School, at Philadelphia ; Dickinson College, at Carlisle ; Jefferson College, at Canonsburg ; Washington College, at Washington; Western University, at Pittsburg; Alleghany College, at Meadville ; Madison College, at Union Town ; Mount Airy College, at Ger- mantown ; the Theological Seminaries, at Gettysburg, York, and Alleghany Town ; and the Moravian schools, at Bethlehem, Nazareth, and Litiz. The Constitution declares that " the legislature shall, as soon as convenient ly may be, provide by law for the establishment of schools in such manner that the poor may be taught gratis." Under this injunction means have been provided in nearly all the counties of the state, for the instruction of the children of indigent parents. They are sent to the most convenient schools of the neighborhoods in which they respectively reside, and the expense is paid by the county commissioners. In the city and county of Philadelphia, which constitutes the First School District of Pennsylvania, the Lancasterian system has been introduced for the education of the children described in the Constitution. In the Twelfth Annual Report of the Comptrollers of the Public Schools of this district, dated Feb. 23, 1830, it is stated, that "during twelve years, 34,703 children had received the benefits of tuition under the wise and beneficent provisions of the existing act of the General Assembly." These schools are superintended by gentlemen who serve without compensa tion. The teachers are well qualified for their duties, and are liberally paid. The number of periodical presses in 1831, was 150. Religious de- The Presbyterians have 429 churches, 209 ministers, 39 licen- nomina- tiates, and 38,873 communicants; the Methodists, 140 preachers, L and 46,390 members ; the Baptists, 144 churches, 96 ministers, and 7,561 communicants ; the German Reformed Church, 282 churches, and 73 ministers; the Episcopalians, 60 ministers; the Associate Presbyterians, 39 congregations, 18 ministers, and 4,180 communicants; the Evangelical Lu therans, 2 synods ; the Dutch Reformed Church, 6 churches and 6 ministers ; the Friends are numerous ; the United Brethren have about 15 congregations ; PENNSYLVANIA. 83 the Unitarians, 5 congregations and 3 ministers ; and there is a considerable number of Roman Catholics, some Universalists, Jews, &c. Pennsylvania was granted by Charles II. by a charter signed on the 4th of March, 1681, to the illustrious William Penn, who was constituted the proprietary of the province. In 1682, William Penn, together with about two thousand settlers, most of whom, like himself, belonged to the society of Friends or Quakers, arrived in the country ; and in the following year he laid out the plan of the city of Philadelphia. He established a friendly intercourse with the Indians, which was not interrupted for more than seventy years. From the beginning of the 18th century till the commencement of the American Revolution, the government was generally administered by deputies appointed by the proprietaries, who mostly resided in England. The first Constitution of Pennsylvania was adopted in 1776 ; the Congtitu . present Constitution in 1790. tion and go- The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consisting verr of a Senate and House of Representatives. The representatives are elected annually on the second Tuesday in October by the citizens of Philadelphia and of the several counties, apportioned accord ing to the number of taxable inhabitants. The number cannot be less than 60, nor more than 100. The senators are chosen for four years, one fourth being elected annually, at the time of the election of the representatives. Their number cannot be greater than one third, nor less than one fourth of the number of the represent atives. [In 1829, it was enacted by the General Assembly, " that until the next enumeration of taxable inhabitants, and an apportionment thereon, the senate, at a ratio of 7,700 [taxable inhabitants], shall consist of 33 members ;" and "the house of representatives, at a ratio of 2,554, shall consist of 100 mem bers." The following statement shows the representative number, and the number of members of the legislature, at different periods. Ratio. ^Senators. Ratio. Reps. 1793 to 1800 24 78 1800 1807 4,670 25 1,350 86 1807 1814 4,500 31 1,500 95 1814 1821 5,250 31 1,750 97 1821 1828 6,300 33 2,100 100 1828 " 1835 7,700 33 2,544 100.] The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people on the second Tuesday in October, and who holds his office during three years, from the third Tuesday in December next following his election ; and he can not hold the office more than 9 years in any term of 12 years. The General Assembly meets annually (at Harrrisburg), on the first Tues day in December, unless sooner convened by the governor. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, in courts of oyer and terminer and jail-delivery, in courts of common pleas, an orphan s court, a register s court, a court of quarter sessions of the peace for each county, and in such other courts as the legislature may, from time to time, establish. The judges of the Supreme Court and the several courts of common pleas, are ap pointed by the governor, and hold their offices during good behavior. The right of suffrage is possessed by every freeman of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the state two years next preceding an election, and within that time paid a state or county tax, assessed at least six months before the election. This state sends 28 representatives to congress. Governor s salary, $4,000, 84 DELAWARE. DELAWARE. ARMS OF DELAWARE. DELAWARE is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; E. by Delaware river, Dela ware bay, and the Atlantic ; S. and W. by Maryland. It extends from lat. 38 30 to 39 45 N. and from Ion. 1 13 to 1 57 E. from Washington. It is 87 miles long from N. to S. and from 10 to 36 broad, containing 2,120 square miles. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. < Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. 19,911 29,710 27,118 County Towns. Distance from Dover. Kent m New Castle n Sussex s 3 Total 20,793 27,899 24,057 DOVER ( New Castle ( Wilmington Georgetown of whom 3,305 are slaves 42 47 40 72,674 76,739 Population of Wilmington, the largest town, in 1820, 5,268; in 1830, 6,628. Population at different periods. Population. In 1790, 59,094 1800, 64,273 1810, 72,674 1820, 72,749 1830, 76,739 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 5,179 1800 1810, 8,401 1810 1820, 75 1820 1830, 3,990 Slaves. 8,887 6,153 4,177 4,509 3,305 The principal rivers besides the Delaware which forms a part of the bound ary, are Brandywine Creek, Christiana Creek, Duck Creek, Mispillion Creek, Indian river, Choptank, and Nanticoke. The general aspect of this state is that of an extended plain, favorable for cultivation. Some of the upper parts of the county of New Castle, indeed, are irregular and broken. The heights of Christiana are lofty and command ing, and the hills of Brandywine are rough and stony ; but in the lower coun- DELAWARE. 85 try, there is very little diversity of level. The highest ridge between Delaware and Chesapeake bays, passes through this state. On the summit of the ridge there is a chain of swamps, from which a number of waters descend on the west to Chesapeake bay, and on the east to the river Delaware. Along the Delaware river, and about nine miles into the interior, the soil is generally a rich clay, which produces large timber, and is well adapted to the purposes of agriculture ; but between this tract and the swamps the soil is light, sandy, and of an inferior quality. In the county of New Castle the soil is a strong clay ; in Kent it is mixed with sand, and in Sussex the sand greatly predominates. The principle articles of produce are wheat, Indian corn, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, and potatoes. The county of Sussex contains some excellent grazing lands, and it exports great quantities of timber, obtained from Cyprus Swamp or Indian river, which extends about six miles from east to west, and nearly twelve from north to south. The staple commodity is wheat, which is produced of a superior quality, and is highly esteemed for its uncommon soft ness and whiteness, and is preferred in foreign markets. Large establishments have been erected for manufacturing wheat into flour. Of these the Brandy- wine mills, in the vicinity of Wilmington, are the most important. These are one of the finest collection of mills in the United States, and are celebrated both for the excellence and the quantity of flour which they manufacture. In 1832 there were ten cotton manufactories, with an aggregate capital of $384,500, and making annually 5,203,746 yards of cloth. The other manu factures of note are woollens, paper, and powder. Delaware contains very few minerals. In the county of Sussex and among the branches of the Nanticoke, are large quantities of bog iron ore, well adapt ed for casting ; but it is not wrought to any extent. PROFILE VIEW OP THE CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL. This canal, which lies partly in Maryland, but chiefly in Delaware, Chesapeake 13 miles long, 66 wide at the surface of the water, and 10 feet deep, and Deia- opens a highly advantageous communication between Philadelphia wa and Baltimore, and other places, by sloops and steamboats. During the year beginning June 1, 1830, and ending June 1, 1831, there were employed between Philadelphia and Baltimore, Alexandria, Richmond, Petersburg, and Norfolk, in the transportation of passengers and merchandise, by way of this canal, 2 lines of steamboats and 7 lines of packets. There were made, during that time, according to the official report, the fol lowing number of passages through this canal: 1230 packets, with merchan dise; 600 vessels, with wood, carrying 13,332 cords; 272 vessels, rafts, and arks, with lumber, carrying 7,118,734 feet; 294 vessels, with flour, carrying 101,462 barrels ; 246 vessels, with wheat, corn, &c. carrying 289,173 bushels ; 2638 vessels with cotton, iron, oysters, fish, whiskey, and various other arti cles, making a total of 5,280 passages of vessels, of different descriptions, through the canal during the year. The tolls received during the same year amounted to $62,223 15. There is a rail-road extending from Newcastle on the Delaware to French- 86 DELAWARE. town, a distance of 10 miles, on which the passengers between Philadelphia and Baltimore are now transported. There is yet but one track completed. The number of banks in 1832 was 8, viz* 3 at Wilmington, 1 at Newcastle, 1 at Georgetown, 1 at Dover, 1 at Smyrna, and 1 at Milford. . This state has a school fund, amounting to $170,000, the interest " of which, together with a small tax levied on each school district of four miles square, at the will of the majority of the taxable inhabitants, is appropriated to the support of common schools. No district is entitled to any share of the school fund, that will not raise, by taxation, a sum equal to its share of the income of the fund. But few of the districts have yet gone into operation under the school law. The number of periodical presses is 6, two of which are semi-weekly. Reiigousde- The Methodists in this state have 15 preachers, and 12,304 mem- n tions a 3ers ^ e P res byterians, 8 churches, 9 ministers, and 1300 commu nicants ; the Baptists, 9 churches, 9 ministers, and 520 communi cants ; the Episcopalians have 6 churches and 6 ministers. Histor e st European settlement in this state was formed by Swedes and Finns, in 1627 ; in 1655, the colony was taken from the Swedes by the Dutch, under governor Stuyvesant ; and after the conquest of New York by the English, in 1664, it was placed under the jurisdiction of the gov ernment of New York. In 1682, the country was granted to William Penn, and it was placed under the same executive and legislative government with Pennsylvania. It was then, as it is now, divided into three counties, Newcastle, Kent, and Sussex, gene rally styled, till the American revolution, " The Three Lower Counties upon the Delaware." In 1701, the representatives of Delaware withdrew from those of Pennsyl vania; the first separate legislative assembly met at Newcastle, in 1704. Outlines of The legislative power is vested in a general assembly, consisting the consti- of a senate and house of representatives for two years. The represent- amended atives are elected, 7 from each county, the whole number being 21 . Dec. i83i. The senators are elected for 4 years, 3 from each county, the whole number being 9. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people for 4 years ; and he is not eligible a second time to said office. The general assembly meets on the first Tuesday in January, biennially. The first meeting under the amended constitution is to be in 1833. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free white male citizen of the age of twenty-two years or upwards, having resided in the state one year next before the election, and the last month thereof in the county where he offers to vote, and having within two years next before the election, paid a county tax, which shall have been assessed at least six months before the elec tion ; and every free white male citizen of the age of twenty-one years and under the age of twenty-two years, having resided as aforesaid, shall be enti tled to vote without payment of any tax. The judicial power of this state is vested in a court of errors and appeals, a superior court, a court of chancery, an orphan s court, a court of oyer and terminer, a court of general sessions of the peace and jail delivery, a register s court, justices of the peace, and such other courts as the general assembly may direct. The governor s annual salary is 81,333 33. This state sends one repre sentative to congress. MARYLAND, MARYLAND. 87 MARYLAND is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; E. by Delaware and the At lantic ; S. and W. by Virginia. It lies between long. 2 31 W. and 1 58 E. and between lat. 38 and 39 44 N. It contains 13,959 square miles, or 8,933,760 acres, of which one-fifth is water. Chesapeake bay runs through the state from N. to S. dividing it into two parts. The part east of the bay is called the eastern shore, and the part west of the bay, the western shore. The state is divided into 19 counties, 11 of which are on the western shore, and 8 on the eastern. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Western Shore. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. Chief Towns. Dist. from Annapolis. Alleghany nw 8,654 10,602 Cumberland 165 Anne Arundel m 27,165 28,295 ANNAPOLIS Baltimore n Baltimore, city 33,663 62,738 40,251 80,625 > Baltimore 30 Calvert s 8,073 8,899 Prince Fredericktown 63 Charles s 16,500 17,666 Port Tobacco 69 Frederick n 40,459 45,793 Frederick 76 Hartford ne 15,924 16,315 Belair 53 Montgomery wm 16,400 19,816 Rockville 52 Prince George s sm 20,216 20,473 Upper Marlborough 23 St. Mary s s 12,974 13,455 Leonardtown 72 Washington nwm 23,075 25,265 Hagerstown 101 Eastern Shore. Caroline e 10,018 9,070 Denton 44 Cecil ne 10,048 15,432 Elkton 80 Dorchester se 17,759 18,685 Cambridge 62 Kent e 11,453 10,502 Chestertown 47 Queen Anne s e 14,952 14,396 Centreville 32 Somerset se 19,579 20,155 Princess Anne 107 Talbot em 14,387 12,947 Easton 47 Worcester se 17,421 18,271 Snowhill 127 19 Total 407,350 446,913 MARYLAND. Different Classes of Population in 1830. Whites. Slaves. Free col d Persons, Males 147,315 53,429 34,920 Females 143,778 49,449 28,022 Total 291,093 102,878 52,942 Deaf and dumb white persons. .131 ; slaves and colored persons 82 Blind, white persons, 156 , slaves and colored persons 117 Population of Maryland at different Periods. Population. Slaves. In 1790, 319,728 103,036 " 1800, 345,824 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 26,096 108,554 " 1810, 380,546 1800 1810, 34,722 111,502 " 1820, 407,350 1810 1820, 16,804 107,398 " 1830, 446,913 1820 1830, 39,563 102,878 The principal rivers arc the Potomac, which divides this state from Virginia, Susquehannah, Patapsco, Patuxent, Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Ohoptank, Nanti- coke, and Pocomokc. In the counties on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, the land is generally level and low, and in many places is covered with stagnant waters, giving rise in the summer and fall months to agues, and intermittent fevers. On the west ern shore, the land below the lowest falls of the river, is principally level and free from stones. Above these falls the country becomes successively uneven and hilly, and in the western part of the state is mountainous. The principal range of mountains is the Blue Ridge or South Mountains, which pass through the state in a northerly direction from Virginia into Pennsylvania. The extreme western part of the state is crossed by the Alleghany mountains. Between these and the Blue Ridge are several inferior chains, as Will s mountain, Evit s, Warrior, and Ragged mountains, and Sideling hill. The soil is well adapted to the culture of tobacco and wheat, which are the staple productions of the state. Some cotton of inferior quality is also raised, and in the western coun ties, considerable quantities of flax and hemp. Two articles are said to be peculiar to Maryland ; the genuine white wheat, which grows in Kent, Queen Ann s, and Talbot counties, on the eastern shore ; and the bright kite s-foot tobacco, which is produced on some parts of the western shore, south of Balti more. The forests abound with various kinds of nuts, used for fattening hogs, which run wild in the woods, and are killed in considerable numbers for export ation. Apples and peaches are abundant. Excellent roads proceed from Baltimore in various directions. There is a turnpike from Baltimore to Cumberland on the Potomac, a distance of 135 miles. From Cumberland to Brownsville on the Monongahela, in Pennsylva nia, there is now completed by the United States, a free turnpike road, of the most superior construction. The distance is 72 miles, making the whole dis tance from Baltimore to Brownsville 207 miles. This is the shortest and best communication yet opened between the tide water of the Atlantic and the navi gable western waters. A turnpike extends from Baltimore, in a north-west direction, 16 miles, to Reistertown, and there divides; one branch turning more to the north meets the Pennsylvania line in 19 miles ; the other in a W. N. W. direction, runs 29 miles in Maryland. Iron ore abounds in various parts of the state, and coal is found in inexhausti ble quantities, and of a superior quality, on the Potomac, in the neighborhood of Cumberland. Furnaces have been erected in various places for the manu facture of iron. Glass, paper, and whiskey are also made in considerable quantities. The value of manufactures in 1830, was $11,468,794. The prin cipal exports are flour and tobacco. The value of the exports for Ihe year ending September 30th, 1829, was $4,804,364. Maryland is the fourth state MARYLAND. , 89 in the Union in amount of shipping, [n 1815, the number of tons was 156,062, and in 1828, it was 170,948. In 1832 there were 23 cotton manufactories in this state, with an aggregate capital of $2,144,000, which make annually 7,640,000 yards of cloth. The Baltimore and Ohio Rail-Road, which BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL-ROAD. is to extend from the city of Baltimore to the river Ohio, about 350 miles, is finished to the Point of Rocks, and is the greatest enterprise of the kind undertaken in America. The Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail-Road is to extend from the city of Baltimore to York-haven, in Pennsylvania. The number of banks and branches in this state in 1831, was eighteen, nine of which were in the city of Baltimore. The principal literary seminaries in this state are the University of Maryland, St. Mary s College, and Baltimore College, in Baltimore ; E and St. John s College, at Annapolis. There are several academies in the state, which receive $800 a year from the state treasury. A law in favor of primary schools was passed in 1825, and has been partially carried into effect in two or three of the counties. The state has a School Fund consisting of a sum ad vanced by Maryland during the late war and paid by the national government, amounting to $75,000, together with a tax on bank capital of 20 cents on $100. The fund is at interest, and the amount received from the banks has also gen erally been placed at interest, to the credit of the several counties ; but in some instances it has been expended for its proper object. The intention of the state was, that it should be used to pay teachers only ; and that the expense of build ing school-houses, and other expenses, should be paid by a tax on property within the several school districts. The number of periodical presses in 1830 was 25. The Roman Catholics are the most numerous sect of Christians in Reli . ous this state ; they have one archbishop, the metropolitan of the United denpmina- States, and 30 or 40 churches ; the Methodists are numerous ; the tlons " Episcopalians have 57 ministers ; the Presbyterians, 1 1 ministers, 6 licentiates, and 1,058 communicants; the Baptists, 15 churches, 12 ministers, and 680 communicants ; the German Reformed, 9 ministers ; and the Friends are con siderably numerous. This country was granted by Charles I. to George Calvert, lord Baltimore, a Roman Catholic ; the first settlement was formed by his son Leonard Calvert, together with about 200 Catholics, in 1634; and it was named Maryland, from Henrietta Maria, the queen of Charles. The constitution of this state was formed in 1776 ; since which . . time many amendments have been made. The legislative power is and govem- vested in a senate, consisting of 15 members, and a house of dele- menti gates, consisting of 80 members ; and these two branches united are styled The General Assembly of Maryland. The members of the house of delegates, four from each county, are elected annually by the people, on the first Monday in October ; and the members of the senate are elected every fifth year on the third Monday in September, at Annapolis, by electors who are chosen by the people on the first Monday of the same month of September. These electors choose by ballot nine senators from the Western Shore, and six from the Eastern, who hold their office five years. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually on the first Monday in January, by a joint ballot of both houses of the general assem bly. No one can hold the office of governor more than three years succes sively, nor be eligible as governor until the expiration of four years after he has M 90 MARYLAND. been out of that office. The governor is assisted by a council of five members, who are chosen annually by a joint ballot of the senate and house of delegates. The general assembly meets annually (at Annapolis) on the last Monday in December. The council of the governor is elected on the first Tuesday in Jan uary ; the governor nominates to office, and the council appoints. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free white male citizen, above 21 years of age, having resided twelve months within the state, and six months in the county, or in the city of Annapolis or Baltimore, next preceding the election at which he offers to vote. The chancellor and judges are nominated by the governor, and appointed by the council ; and they hold their offices during good behavior. The executive council, consisting of five members, are elected annually on the first Tuesday in January ; and in case of the demise of the governor during his term of office, the first named of the council, for the time being, becomes the governor of the state, till the next meeting of the general assembly. In appointing officers under the state, the governor has the right of nomination, and the council the right of appointment. The governor does not possess the power of a veto on the acts of the general assembly. The house of delegates is composed of 80 members, elected annually, four from each of the 19 counties, and two from each of the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore. The senate consists of 15 members, elected for five years, by an electoral college of 40 members, two from each of the counties, and one from each of the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore. The electors are chosen on the first Monday in September every 5th year, and they elect the senators on the succeeding 3d Monday in September. One of the peculiarities of the declaration of rights of the state is the section which declares, " That every gift, sale, or devise of lands, to any minister, public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or to any religious sect, order, or denomination, or to or for the support, use, or benefit of, or in trust for, any minister, public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or any religious sect, order, or denomination; and every gift or sale of goods or chattels to go in succession, or to take place after the death of the seller or donor, or to or for such support, use, or benefit, and also every devise of goods or chattels to or for the support, use, or benefit ot any minister, public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or any religious sect, order, or denomination, without the leave of the legislature, shall be void ; except always any sale, gift, lease, or devise, of any quantity of land not exceeding two acres for a church, meeting, or other house of worship and for a burying ground, which shall be improved, enjoyed, or used only for such purposes, or such sale, gift, lease, or devise shall be void." The governor s annual salary is $2,666f . This state sends eight representatives to congress. VIRGINIA. VIRGINIA. 91 ARMS OF VIRGINIA. VIRGINIA is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; N. E. by Maryland ; E. by the Atlantic ; S. by North Carolina and Tennessee ; W. by Kentucky and Ohio. It lies between 36 30 and 40 43 N. lat. and between 6 34 W. and 1 20 E. long. It is 370 miles long, and contains about 64,000 square miles. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Eastern District. Counties. | Whites. 1 Slaves. Blacks. Total Pop. 16SO. County Towns. Distance from Richmond. Accomac e 9,458 4,654 2,544 19,656 Accomac C. H. 214 Albemarle m 10,455 11,689 484 22,618 Charlottesville 81 Amelia s?n 3,293 7,518 220 11,031 Amelia C. H. 47 Amherst m 5,879 5,927 263 12,072 Amherst C. H. 136 Bedford s 11,113 8,790 341 20,253 Liberty 145 Brunswick s 5,397 9,760 612 15,770 Lawrenceville 69 Buckingham nm 7,172 10,928 245 18,351 Buckingham C. H. 87 Campbell sm 7,497 7,735 478 15,704 Campbell C. H. 132 Lynchburg, town 2,490 1,751 385 4,626 Lynchburg 120 Caroline em 6,490 10,764 520 17,774 Bowling Green 44 Charles City em 1,782 2,957 761 5,504 Charles City C. H. 30 Charlotte sm 5,583 9,433 236 15,252 Charlotte C. H. 96 Chesterfield em 7,709 10,337 591 18,637 Chesterfield C. H. 14 Culpeper nm 12,044 11,419 563 24,026 Culpeper C. H. 94 Cumberland m 4,054 7,309 326 11,689 Cumberland C. H. 55 Dinwiddie sm 7,709 10,337 591 18,637 Dinwiddie C. H. 40 Petersburg, town 3,440 2,850 2,032 8,322 22 Elizabeth City se 2,704 2,218 131 5,068 Hampton 96 Essex e 3,647 6,417 467 10,531 Tappahannock 50 Fairfax ne 4,892 3,972 311 9,206 Fairfax C. H. 129 Fauquier nm 13,116 12,612 621 26,379 Warrenton 107 Fluvanna m 4,223 3,795 203 8,221 Palmyra 59 Franklin s 9,728 4,988 195 14,911 Rocky Mount 185 Gloucester e 4,314 5,691 603 10,608 Gloucester C. H. 82 Goochland m 3,857 5,706 795 10,358 Goochland C. H. 28 92 VIRGINIA. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Eastern District. Continued. Counties. White.. Slave.. B ^ B , """^^ Couoty Town., from^mond. Greenville s 2,104 4,681 332 7,117 Hicksford 63 Halifax s 12,915 14,527 590 28,032 Halifax C. H. 130 Hanover em 6,526 9,278 449 16,253 Hanover C. H. 20 Henrico em 5,717 5,934 1,089 12,738 ) Richmond, city 7,757 6,345 1,960 16,060 > JVICHMOND. Henry s 4,058 2,868 174 7,100 Martinsville 207 Isle of Wight se 5,023 4,272 1,222 10,517 Smithfield 180 James City e 1,284 1,983 571 3,838 Williamsburg 60 King & Queen e 4,714 6,514 416 11,644 K g & Q n C. H. 49 King George ne King William em 2,475 3,155 3,635 6,310 287 347 6,397 9,812 King George C. H. King William C.H. 88 27 Lancaster e 1,976 2,631 195 4,800 Lancaster C. H. 83 Loudon ne 15,517 5,360 1,062 21,938 Leesburg 153 Louisa m 6,468 9,382 301 16,151 Louisa C. H. 54 Lunenburg s 4,479 7,233 245 11,957 Lunenburg C. H. 91 Madison m 4,389 4,873 71 9,236 Madison 110 Matthews e 3,995 3,481 189 7,663 Matthews C. H. 100 Mecklenburg s 7,443 11,950 874 20,366 Boydton 118 Middlesex e 1,870 2,137 118 4,122 Urbanna 83 Nansemond se 5,143 4,943 1,698 11,784 Suffolk 102 Nelson m 5,186 5,946 122 11,251 Lovington 118 New Kent em 2,586 3,530 342 6,457 New Kent C. H. 30 Norfolk se 8,180 5,842 966 14,998 ) Portsmouth 116 Norfolk, borough 5,131 3,757 928 9,816 j Norfolk 112 Northampton e 3,573 3,734 1,334 8,644 Eastville 174 Northumberland e 4,029 3,357 567 7,953 Northum d C. H. 92 Nottoway sm 2,949 6,985 223 10,141 Nottoway C. H. 67 Orange m 6,456 7,983 198 14,637 Orange 80 Patrick s 5,494 1,782 117 7,393 Patrick C. H. 241 Pittsylvania s 14,690 10,992 340 26,022 Pittsylvania C. H. 167 Powhatan m 2,661 5,472 384 8,517 Scotsville 32 Prince Edward sm 5,039 8,593 475 14,107 Prince Edw. C. H. 75 Prince George em Prince William ne 3,066 5,127 4,598 3,842 700 361 8,368 9,330 City Point Brentsville 34 104 Princess Anne se 5,023 3,736 343 9,102 Princess Anne C. H. 137 Richmond e 2,975 2,630 451 6,056 Richmond C. H. 56 Southampton se 6,573 7,755 1,745 16,073 Jerusalem 81 Spottsylvania em Fred ksburg, (own 4,685 1,798 6,925 1,125 310 384 11,920 3,307 > Fredericksburg. 66 Stafford ne 4,713 4,164 485 9,362 Stafford C. H. 76 Surrey se 2,865 3,377 866 7,108 Surrey C. H. 60 Sussex se 4,118 7,736 866 12,720 Sussex C. H. 50 Warwick se 619 892 27 1,570 Warwick C. H. 81 Westmoreland e 3,718 3,845 848 8,411 Westmoreland C.H. 70 York e 2,129 2,598 627 5,354 Yorktown 72 65 Total of E.Dist. 375,940 416,259 40,780 832,979 Western District. Alleghany m 2,197 571 48 2,816 Covington 191 Augusta, North m Augusta, South m 7,208 8,048 1,677 2,588 257 147 9,142 10,783 v Staunton. 121 Bath m 2,803 1,140 65 4,008 Bath C. H. 170 Berkeley n Botetourt sm 8,323 11,808 1,919 4,170 276 386 10,528 16,354 Martinsburg Fincastle 172 196 Brooke nw 6,774 227 39 7,040 Wellsburg 373 2abell w 5,267 561 56 5,884 CabellC.H. 344 Frederick, East n Frederick, West n 8,104 9,260 5,342 2,088 653 598 14,099 11,946 I Winchester 150 Giles w 4,779 470 49 5,298 Giles C. H. 240 VIRGINIA, 93 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Western District. Continued. Counties. Whites. Slaves. Free Blacks. Total Pop. 1890. County Town*. Distance From Richmond. Grayson s 7,161 462 52 7,675 Grayson C. H. 276 jreenbrier wm 7,791 1,159 a*> 9,015 jewisburg 221 Harrison, E. nw Harrison, W. nw 9,443 4,404 626 145 50 10 10,119 4,558 > Clarksburg 260 Hampshire n 9,796 1,330 153 11,279 iomney 195 Hardy n 5,408 1,167 223 6,798 VToorfields 195 Jefferson n 8,438 3,999 493 12,927 Charleston 182 Kenhawa w 7,468 1,718 75 9,261 ienhawa C. H. 308 Lee sw 5,830 612 19 6,461 Fonesville 392 Lewis wm 6,066 162 13 6,241 Weston 249 Logan w 3,511 163 6 3,680 Logan C. H. 324 Monongalia, E. n Monongalia, W. n 6,352 7,223 233 129 103 16 6,688 7,368 > Morgantown 293 Mason w 5,776 713 45 6,534 Point Pleasant 371 Monroe wm 7,033 682 83 7,798 Union 208 Montgomery sw Morgan n 10,212 2,517 2,037 153 55 22 12,304 2,692 Dhristiansburg Berkeley Springs 206 186 Nicholas wm 3,229 119 1 3,349 Nicholas C. H. 268 Ohio nw 15,033 362 195 15,590 Wheeling 357 Pendleton nm 5,750 498 23 6,271 Franklin 171 Pocahontas wm 2,297 227 17 2,541 Huntersville 191 Preston n 4,947 125 27 5,099 Ringwood 261 Randolph nm 4,426 259 115 5,000 Beverly 210 Rockbridge m 10,465 3,398 381 14,244 Lexington 156 Rockingham m 17,814 2,331 548 20,693 Harrisonburg 122 Russell sw 6,002 679 36 6,717 Lebanon 330 Scott sw 5,319 338 15 5,702 Estillville 368 Shenandoah, E. Shenandoah, W. nm 7,171 9,698 992 1,431 164 294 8,327 11,423 I Woodstock 156 Tazewell sw 4,912 820 18 4,104 Tazewell C. H. 290 Tyler nw 3,991 108 P 5,750 Middlebourne 307 Washington sw 12,785 2,568 261 15,614 Abington 309 Wood w 5,487 873 49 6,409 Parkersburff 299 Wythe sw 9,952 2,094 117 12,163 Wythe 253 45 Total W. Dist. 318,505 53,465 6,323 378,293 110 Total of Virg 694,445 469,724 47,103 1,211,272 Population. In 1790, 747,610 1800, 880,200 1810, 974,622 1820, 1,065,366 1830, 1,211,272 Population at different Periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 132,590 1800 1810, 94,422 1810 1820, 90,744 1820 1830, 145,906 Slaves. 292,627 346,968 392,518 425,153 469,724 The principal rivers are the Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannock, Matta- pony, Pamunky, York, James, Rivanna, Appomatox, Elizabeth, Nottaway, Meherrin, Staunton, Kenhawa, Ohio, Sandy, Monongahela, and Cheat. PROFILE VIEW OF THE DISMAL SWAMP CANAL. The Dismal Swamp Canal, 22 miles long, opens a communication between Norfolk, in Virginia, and Elizabeth City, in North Carolina. 94 VIRGINIA. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which is to extend from the city of Wash ington to the river Ohio, is now in progress. Its course is partly on the Vir ginia, and partly on the Maryland side of the Potomac. The staple productions of Virginia are wheat and tobacco. The exports of the state, for the year ending September 30, 1829, amounted to $3,787,000. The state of Virginia may be divided into four zones, essentially differing from one another. The first extending from the sea-coast to the termination of tide at Fredericksburg, Richmond, &c., is low and flat, sometimes fenny, Sometimes sandy, and on the margin of rivers composed of a rich loam covered with a luxuriant and even rank vegetation. This part is unhealthy in the months of August, September, and October. The next division extends from the head of tide-water to the Blue Ridge. The surface near the tide-water is level ; higher up the rivers it becomes swelling ; and near the mountains it is often abrupt and broken. The soil is divided into sec tions of very unequal quality, parallel to each other, and extending throughout the state. The parallel of Chesterfield, Henrico, Hanover, &c, is a thin, sandy, and, except on the rivers, an unproductive soil. That of Goochland, Cumber land, Prince Edward, Halifax, &c., is generally fertile. Fluvanna, Bucking ham, Campbell, Pittsylvania, again, are poor; and Culpeper, Orange, Albe- marle, Bedford, &c., a rich, though frequently a stony, broken soil, on a sub stratum of tenacious and red-colored clay. The population of this section, especially near the mountains, is more robust and healthy than that of any other part of the state. The scenery of the upper part is highly picturesque and romantic. There is a vein of lime-stone running through Albemarle, Orange, &c. Pit coal of a good quality is found within 20 miles above Rich mond, on James river. The third division is the valley between the Blue Ridge, and North and Alle- ghany mountains ; a valley which extends, with little interruption, from the Potomac, across the state, to North Carolina and Tennessee, narrower, but of greater length than either the preceding divisions. The soil is a mould formed on a bed of lime-stone. The surface of the valley is sometimes broken by sharp and solitary mountains detached from the general chain, the sides of which, nearly bare, or but thinly covered with blasted pines, form disagreeable objects in the landscape. The bed of the valley is fertile, producing good crops of Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, hemp, flax, timothy, and clover. The farms are smaller than in the lower parts of Virginia, and the cultivation is better. Here are few slaves. This valley has inexhaustible mines of excel lent iron ore. Chalk is found in Botetourt county. The fourth division extends from the Alleghany mountains to the river Ohio ; a country wild and broken, in some parts fertile, but generally lean or barren but having mines of iron, lead, coal, salt, &c. The soil of a great proportion of the county of Randolph and the adjacent counties in the north-west part of the state, is of an excellent quality, producing large crops of grain. The sur face is uneven and hilly. The county is well watered, is excellent for grazing, and has a very healthy climate. There are many mineral springs in Virginia. The hot and warm springs of Bath county, the sweet springs of Monroe county, the sulphur springs of Greenbrier and of Montgomery counties, and the baths of Berkeley county, are much frequented. The most remarkable curiosities are the Natural Bridge, the passage of the Potomac at Harper s Ferry, the cataract of Falling Spring, and several caves. Gold Mines Since the year 1827, the gold mines of Virginia have attracted considerable attention. The belt of country in which they are found extends through Spotsylvania and some neighboring counties. The gold region abounds in quartz, which contains cubes of sulphuret of iron. These cubes are often partly or totally decomposed ; and the cells thus created are sometimes VIRGINIA. 95 filled with gold. The gold is found on the surface, and in the structure of quartz ; but in greatest abundance resting upon slate, and in its fissures. The gold is diffused over large surfaces, and has not yet been found sufficiently in mass, except in a few places, to make mining profitable. The method of obtaining the metal is by nitration, or washing the earth, and by an amalgam of quick silver. The average value of the earth yielding gold is stated at 20 cents a bushel. The amount received from this state at the United States mint in 1830 was $24,000. The number of cotton manufactories in this state in 1832 was seven, with an aggregate capital of 290,000 dollars, making annually 675,000 yards of cloth. The Natural Bridge, the must sublime of nature s works, is on the ascent of a hill, which seems to have been cloven through its length by some great con vulsion. The fissure, just at the bridge, is by some admeasurements 270 feet deep, by others only 205. It is about 45 feet wide at the bottom, and 90 feet at the top this of course determines the length of the bridge, and its height from the water. The breadth in the middle is about 60 feet, but more at the ends, and the thickness of the mass at the summit of the arch, about 40 feet. A part of this thickness is constituted by a coat of earth, which gives growth to many large trees. The residue, with the hill on both sides, is one solid rock of lime-stone. The arch approaches the semi -elliptical form, but the larger axis of the ellipsis, which would be the cord of the arch, is many times longer than the transverse. Though the sides of this bridge are provided, in some parts, with a parapet of fixed rocks, yet few men have resolution to walk to them and look over into the abyss. You involuntarily fall on your hands and feet, creep to the parapet, and peep over it. If the view from the top be painful and intolerable, that from below is delight ful in an equal extreme. It is impossible for the emotions arising out of the sublime to be felt beyond what they are here ; so beautiful an arch, so elevated, so light, and springing, as it were, up to heaven, the rapture of the spectacle is really indescribable. " The fissure continuing narrow, deep, and straight for a considerable dis tance above and below the bridge, opens a short but very pleasing view of the North Mountain on one side, and the Blue Ridge on the other, at the distance, each of them, of about five miles. This bridge is in the county of Rockbridge, to which it has given name ; and affords a public and commodious passage over a valley, which cannot be crossed elsewhere for a considerable distance. The stream passing under it, is called Cedar creek. It is a tributary of James river, and sufficient in the driest season to turn a grist-mill, though its fountain is not more than two miles above. The following account is from another source : " As we stood under this beautiful arch, we saw the place where visitors have often taken the pains to engrave their names upon the rock. Here Washington climbed up 25 feet and carved his own name, where it still remains. Some wishing to immortalize their names, have engraved them deep and large, while others have tried to climb up and insert them high in this book of fame* " A few years since, a young man, being ambitious to place his name above all others, came very near losing his life in the attempt. After much fatigue he climbed up as high as possible, but found that the person who had before occupied his place wa taller than himself, and consequently had placed his name above his reach. But he was not thus to be discouraged. He opened a large jack-knife, and in the soft lime-stone began to cut places for his hands and feet. With much patience and industry he worked his way upwards, and suc ceeded in carving his name higher than the most ambitious had done before him. " He could now triumph, but his triumph was short, for he was placed in 96 VIRGINIA. such a situation that it was impossible to descend unless he fell upon the ragged rocks beneath him. There was no house near, from which his companions could get assistance. He could not remain in that condition, and, what was worse, his friends were too much frightened to do any thing for his relief. They looked upon him as already dead, expecting every moment to see him precipi tated upon the rocks below, and dashed to pieces. Not so with himself. He determined to ascend. Accordingly he plied himself with his knife, cutting places for his hands and feet, and gradually ascended with incredible labor. He exerted every muscle. His life was at stake, and all the terrors of death arose before him. He dared not look downwards lest his head should become dizzy, and perhaps on this circumstance his life depended. " His companions stood at the top of the rock exhorting and encouraging him. His strength was almost exhausted ; but a bare possibility of saving his* life still remained, and hope, the last friend of the distressed, had not yet for saken him. His course upwards was rather oblique than perpendicular. His most critical moment had now arrived. He had ascended considerably more than 200 feet, and had still further to rise, when he felt himself fast growing weak. He now made his last effort, and succeeded. He had cut his way not far from 250 feet from the water, in a course almost perpendicular ; and in a little less than two hours, his anxious companions reached him a pole from the top, and drew him up. They received him with shouts of joy ; but he himself was completely exhausted. He immediately fainted away on reaching the spot, and it was some time before he could be recovered ! " It was interesting to see the path up these awful rocks, and to follow in imagination this bold youth as he thus saved his life. His name stands far above all the rest, a monument of hardihood, of rashness, and of folly." The passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge, says Mr. Jefferson, is perhaps one of the most stupendous scenes in nature. You stand on a very high point of land. On your right comes the Shenandoah, having ranged along the foot of the mountain a hundred miles to seek a vent. On your left approaches the Potomac in quest of a passage also. In the moment of their junction they rush together against the mountain, rend it asunder, and pass off to the sea. The first glance of this scene hurries our senses into the opinion that the mountains were formed first ; that the rivers began to flow afterwards ; that in this place particularly they have been dammed up by the Blue Ridge, and have formed an ocean which filled the whole valley ; that, continuing to rise, they have at length broken over at this spot, and have torn the mountain down from its summit to its base. The piles of rock on each side, but particularly on the Shenandoah, the evident marks of their disrupture and avulsion from their beds by the most powerful agents of nature corroborate the impression. But the distant finishing which nature has given to the picture is of a very different character. It is a true contrast to the foreground. It is as placid and delightful as that is wild and tremendous. For the mountain being cloven asunder, she presents to your eye, through the cleft, a small catch of smooth blue horizon, at an infinite distance in the plain country, inviting you, as it were, from the riot and tumult roaring around, to pass through the breach, and participate the calm below. Here the eye ultimately composes itself, and that way too the road happens to lead. You cross the Potomac above the junction, pass along its side through the base of the mountain for three miles, its terrible precipices hanging in frag ments over you, and within about 20 miles reach Fredericktown, and the fine country around. This scene is worth a voyage across the Atlantic. Yet here, as in the neighborhood of the Natural Bridge, are people who have passed their lives within a half dozen miles, and have never been to survey these monu- VIRGINIA. J7 mcnts of a war between rivers and mountains, which must have shaken the earth itself to its centre. In the lime-stone country of Virginia there are several caves of considerabla extent. The most remarkable one is Wier s Cave, which is on the north side of the Blue Ridge, and on the south fork of the Shenandoah. It is in a hill, which is about 200 feet in perpendicular height, and so steep that you may pitch a bis cuit from its summit into the river which washes its base. It was discovered in 1804. Its entrance is only about 100 yards from that of Madison s Cave, another celebrated cavern, which, though it has been much longer known, is greatly inferior to Wier s Cave. The following is an account of a visit to this extraordinary place. There were three of us, besides our guide, with lighted torches, and our loins girded, now ready to descend into the cave. We took our lights in our left hands, and entered. The mouth was so small, that we could descend only by creeping one after another. A descent of almost 20 yards brought us into the first room. The cave was cold, dark, and silent. In this manner we proceeded, now descending 30 or 40 feet now ascending as high now creeping on our hands and knees, and now walking in large rooms, the habitations of solitude. The mountain seems to be composed almost wholly of lime-stone, and, by this means, the cave is lined throughout with the most beautiful incrustations and stalactites of carbonated lime, which are formed by the continual dripping of the water. These stalactites are of various and elegant shapes and colors, often bearing a striking resemblance to animated nature. At one place we saw over our heads what appeared to be a waterfall of the most delightful kind, descending 12 or 15 feet. Nor could the imagination be easily persuaded that it was not in reality a waterfall. You could see the water dashing and boiling down, with its white spray and foam, but it was all solid, carbonated lime-stone. Thus we passed on in this world of solitude ; now stopping to admire the beauties of a single stalactite ; now wondering at the magnificence of a large room ; now creeping through narrow passages, hardly wide enough to admit the body of a man ; and now walking in superb galleries, until we came to the largest room, called Washington Hall. This is certainly the most elegant room I ever saw. It is about 270 feet in length, about 35 in width, and between 30 and 40 feet high. The roof and sides are very beautifully adorned by the tin sels which nature has bestowed in the greatest profusion, and which sparkle jke the diamond, while surveyed by the light of torches. The floor is flat, smooth, and solid. I was foremost of our little party in entering this room, and was not a littlo startled on approaching the centre, and by my small light seeing a figure as it were rising up before me, out of solid rock. It was not far from seven feet high, and corresponded in every respect to the common idea of a ghost. It was very white, and resembled a tali man clothed in a shroud. I went up to it sideways, though I could not really expect to meet a ghost in a place like this, On examination, I found it was a very beautiful piece of the carbonate of lime, very transparent, and very much in the shape of a man. This is called Wash ington s Statue. In one room we found an excellent spring of water, which boiled up, slaked our thirst^ sunk again into the mountain, and was seen no more. In another room was a noble pillar, called the Tower of Babel. It is composed entirely of stalactites of lime, or, as its appearance would seem to suggest, of petrified water. It is about 30 feet in diameter, and a little more than 90 in circumfer ence, and about 30 high. It would appear as if there must be many millions of stalactites in this one pillar. Thus we wandered in this world within a world till we had visited 12 very beautiful rooms, and as many creeping places, and had now arrived at the end, a distaEce from our entrance of between 2,400 and 2,500 feet, or about half a N 9S VIRGINIA. mile. We here found ourselves exceedingly fatigued ; but our torches forbade* our delay, and we once more turned our lingering steps towards the common world. When arrived again at Washington Hall, one of the company three times discharged a pistol, whose report was truly deafening. It was as loud as any cannon I ever heard, and as its sound reverberated and echoed through one room after another, till it died away in distance, it seemed like the moan- ings of spirits. We continued our wandering steps till we arrived once more at daylight, having been nearly three hours in the cavern. Banks in Bank of Virginia (incorporated 1804,) at Richmond, with branches 1830. at Petersburg, Norfolk, Fredericksburg, and Lynchburg ; Farmers Bank of Virginia (incorporated 1813,) at Richmond, with branches at Norfolk, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg, Winchester, and Danville; Bank of the Valley, at Winchester, with branches at Romney, Charlestown, and Leesburg ; North-western Bai*k y at Wheeling. The aggregate amount of bank capital is $5,607 ,000. The Bank of the United States has an office of dis count and deposit at Richmond and Norfolk. Litera r Besides the University of Virginia, incorporated in 1819, and estab- lished at Charlottesville, Albemarle county, there are three colleges in this state ; William and Mary college, at Williamsburg ; Hampden Sidney college, in Prince Edward county, on Appomatox river ; and Washington col lege at Lexiagton, west of the Blue Ridge, near James river. Academies and common schools are also established in several towns. This state has pro duced a number of eminent characters, of whom WASHINGTON, the Great and the Good, is of most illustrious memory. It has furnished four of the presi dents of the Union. Education is, however, generally much neglected, particu larly among the lower classes. This state has a Literary Fund, created in 1809, and amounting, in available capital, according to a late report, to $1,510,689 71. The income during the year 1830 was $71,887 94. All escheats, confisca tions, and derelict property ; also all lands forfeited for the non-payment of taxes, and all sums refunded by the national government for the expenses of the late war, have been appropriated to the encouragement of learning. Of the interest of the fund, $15,000 are annually appropriated to the University of Virginia, and $45,000 to the education of the poor in the different counties, according to the ratio of white population. internal im- The state has a permanent fund devoted to the purposes of internal provement. improvement of $1,418,961 11 ; and a disposable fund of $681,630; total $2,100,591 11; [of this about $475,000 is at present unproductive.] Annual income from both funds, $121,836 75* This fund is managed by 13 directors, styled the Board of Public Works, 10 of whom are chosen annually by the legislature, 3 from the Trans-Alleghany District, 2 from the Valley Dis trict, 3 from the Middle District, and 2 from the Tide- Water District. The governor, treasurer, and first auditor of the state, are, ex officio, members. In all canals and roads authorized by the state, this fund contributes three-fifths of the stock. The Board meets annually on the first Monday in January, and the members are paid $4 a day, and 20 cents a mile for travel. The number of periodical papers in 1831 was estimated at 45. Reii ions "^e Baptists in this state have 337 churches, 192 ministers, and nendmTna- 39,440 communicants ; the Methodists, 77 preachers and 27,947 nous, i83i. mem | )ers . the Presbyterians, 104 churches, 75 ministers, 15 licenti ates, and 7,508 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 45 ministers ; the Friends are considerably numerous, and there are some Lutherans, Roman Catholics, and Jews. Histor ^ e fi rst permanent English settlement formed in America was made, in 1607, by 105 adventurers, on James river, in this state, at a place named Jamestown, in honor of James I. of England. Several unsuc cessful attempts had been made in the latter part of the preceding century VIRGINIA. 99 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, in honor of whom the country was named Virginia ; which name, though .now limited to a single state, at the time of the settlement was applied to all the country in America lying between lat. 34 and 45 N. The early history of the colony is replete with interesting and affecting incidents, occasioned by dangers and calamities ; by sickness, want, and contests with the Indians. By this constitution the legislative power is vested in a senate and a house of delegates, which are together styled The General Assem- theConstitu- bly of Virginia. The house of delegates consists of 134 members, l ^ n . n a ej d chosen annually ; 31 from the 26 counties west of the Alleghany mountains ; 25 from the 14 counties between the Alleghany mountains and Blue Ridge ; 42 from the 29 counties east of the Blue Ridge, and above tide water ; and 36 from the counties, cities, towns, and boroughs lying upon tide water. The senate consists of 32 members, 13 from the counties west of the Blue Ridge, and 19 from the counties, cities, towns,. and boroughs east thereof. The senators are elected for four years ; and the seats of one-fourth of them are vacated every year. In all elections to any office or place of trust, honor, or profit, the votes are given openly, or viva voce, and Jiot by ballot. A reapportionment for representatives in both houses, is to take place every ten years, commencing in 1841, until which time there is to be no change in the number of delegates and senators from the several divisions ; and after 1841,, the number of delegates is never to exceed 150 ; nor that of the senators, 36, The executive .power is vested in a governor elected by the joint vote of the two houses of the general assembly. He holds his office three years, com mencing on the 1st of January next succeeding his election, or on such other day as may be, from time to time, prescribed by law ; and he is ineligible for the three years next after the expiration of his term of office. There is a council of state, consisting of three members elected for three years, by the joint vote of the two houses ; the seat of one being vacated an nually. The senior counsellor is lieutenant-governor. The judges of the supreme court of appeals and of the superior courts are elected by a joint vote of both houses of the general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until removed by a concurrent vote of both houses ; but two-thirds of the members present must concur in such a vote, and the cause of removal be entered on the journals of each house. The right of suffrage is extended to every white male citizen of the common- wealth, resident therein, aged 21 years and upwards, who is qualified to exer cise the right of suffrage according to the former constitution and laws ; or who owns a freehold of the value of $25 ; or who has a joint interest to the amount of $25 in a freehold ; or who has a life -estate in, or reversionary title to, land of the value of $50, having been so -possessed for six months ; or who shall own and be in the actual occupation of a leasehold estate, having the title recorded two months before he shall offer to vote of a term originally not less than five years, and of the annual value or rent of $200 ; or who, for twelve months before offering to vote, has been a house-keeper and head of a family, and shall have been assessed with a part of the revenue of the com monwealth within the preceding year, and actually paid the same. It was enacted by the legislature, that the state elections for the year 1831 should be held in the month of August, on the respective court days in the dif ferent counties, and for all future years, in the month of April ; that the elec tion for members of congress should be held in 1830, in August, and, after wards, every second year, in April ; that the election of electors of president and vice-president of the United States should be held every fourth year on the 1st Monday in November; that the legislature should meet hereafter on the 1st Monday in December that the term of the office of governor should commence on the 31st of March; that the lieutenant-governor, while acting as governor, 100 NORTH CAROLINA. should receive the same compensation as the governor ; and that the salaries of the officers of the executive department should remain the same as heretofore. The governor s annual salary is $3,333. This state sends 21 representatives to congress. NORTH CAROLINA. ARMS OF NORTH CAROLINA. NORTH CAROLINA is bounded N. by Virginia ; E. by the Atlantic ; S. by South Carolina and Georgia, and W. by Tennessee. It extends from lat. 33 50 to 36 30 N. and from long. 6 20 W. to 1 33 E. and contains 48,600 square miles. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Dist. from Raleigh. Anson s 12,534 14,081 Wadesborough 134 Ashe nw 4,335 6,991 Jeffersonton 205 Beaufort e 9,850 10,949 Washington 122 Bertie em 10,805 12,276 Windsor 130 Bladen s 7,276 7,801 Elizabethtown 99 Brunswick * 5,480 6,523 Smithville 178 Buncombe w 10,542 16,259 Ashville 259 Burke w 13,412 17,727 Morgantown 199 Cabarras wm 7,248 8,796 Concord 141 Camden ne 6,347 6,721 New Lebanon 201 Carteret e 5,609 6,607 Beaufort 166 Casvvell n 13,253 15,188 Caswell C. H. 93 Chatham m 12,661 15,499 Pittsborough 33 Chowan ne 6,464 6,688 Edenton 155 Columbus s 3,912 4,141 Whitesville 138 Craven e 13,394 14,325 Newbern 120 Cumberland m 14,446 14,824 Fayetteville 61 Oiirrituck ne 8,098 7,654 Currituck 211 NORTH CAROLINA. 101 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns Dist. from Raleigh. Davidson wm 13,421 Lexington 110 Duplin sm 9,744 11,373 Kenansville 120 Edgecombe *n 13,276 14,933 Tarborough 72 Franklin nm 9,741 10,665 Louisburg 30 Gates ne 6,837 7,866 Gates C. H. 241 Granville n 18,222 19,343 Oxford 47 Greene m 4,533 6,313 Snow Hill 84 Guilford wm 14,511 18,735 Greensborough 85 Halifax n 17,237 17,738 Halifax 86 Haywood w 4,073 4,593 Haywood C. H. 295 Hertford ne 7,712 8,541 Winton 129 Hyde e 4,967 6,177 Lake Landing 207 Iradell w 13,071 15,262 Statesville 146 Johnston m 9,607 10,938 Smithfield 27 Jones se 5,216 5,628 Trenton 140 Lenoir m 6,799 7,635 Kingston 80 Lincoln sw 18,147 22,625 Lincolnton 169 Macon w 5,390 Franklin 333 Martin ew 6,320 8,544 Williamston 106 Mecklenburg sw 16,895 20,076 Charlotte 150 Montgomery wm 8,693 10,918 Lawrenceville 109 Moore m 7,128 7,753 Carthage 69 Nash m 8,185 8,492 Nashville 44 New Hanover se 10,866 10,759 Wilmington 149 Northampton n 13,242 13,103 Northamp.C.H. 95 Onslow se 7,016 7,814 Onslow C. H. 188 Orange m 23,492 23,875 Hillsborough 41 Pasquotank ne 8,008 8,616 Elizabeth City 189 Perquimans ne 6,857 7,417 Hertford 282 Person n 9,029 10,027 Roxborough 60 Pitt em 10,001 12,174 Greenville 97 Randolph wm 11,331 12,400 Ashborough 72 Richmond s 7,537 9,326 Rockingham 113 Robeson s 8,204 9,355 Lumberton 94 Rockingham n 11,474 12,920 Wentworth 108 Rowan wm 26,009 20,796 Salisbury 118 Rutherford sw 15,351 17,557 Rutherfordton 223 Sampson m 8,908 11,768 Clinton 96 Stokes nw 14,033 16,196 Salem 127 Surrey nw 12,320 14,501 Rockford 151 Tyrrell e 4,319 4,732 Columbia 170 Wake m 20,102 20,417 RALEIGH Warren n 11,004 10,916 Warrenton 57 Washington e 3,986 4,562 Plymouth 128 Wayne m 9,040 10,902 Waynesboro 51 Wilkes nw 9,967 11,942 Wilkesborough 175 64 Total 638,829 738,470246,462 are slaves. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. Population. Slaves. In 1790, 393,951 100,571 1800, 478,103 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 84,152 133,296 1810, 555,500 1800 1810, 77,397 168,824 1820, 638,829 1810 1820, 83,329 205,017 1S30 738 d70 1890 130 99 641 246.462 102 NORTH CAROLINA. Along the whole coast of North Carolina is a ridge of sand, separated from the main land, in some places by narrow sounds, in others by broad bays. The passages or inlets through it are shallow and dangerous, and Ocracoke inlet is the only one north of Cape Fear, through which vessels pass. In the counties on the sea-coast, the land is low, and covered with extensive swamps and marshes, and for -60 or 80 miles from the shore is a dead level. Beyond this, the country swells into hills, and in the most western part rises into moun tains. Coal has lately been found in Chatham county, and lead ore a few miles north of Raleigh. The principal rivers are the Chowan, Roanoke, Pamlico Neuse, Cape Fear, Yadkin, Catawba, and Broad. Most of the produce of North Carolina is exported from the neighboring states. Not a single point has yet been found on the coast, within the limits of the state, at which a safe and commodious port could be established. Hitherto the productions of the northern parts of the state, lying on the Roanoke and its branches, and also on the upper parts of the Tar and Neuse, have been sent to the markets of Virginia ; and the trade of Broad river, the Catawba, and the Yadkin, has gone to South Carolina. The principal exports are pitch, tar, turpentine, lumber, rice, cotton, tobacco, wheat and Indian corn. The value of the exports from the ports of North Carolina in 1829 was only $564,000. In the level parts the soil generally is but indifferent. On the banks of some of the rivers, however, and particularly the Roanoke, it is remarkably fertile ; and in other parts, glades of rich swamp, and ridges of oak-land, of a black and fruitful soil, form an exception to its general sterility. The sea-coast, the sounds, inlets, and lower parts of rivers, have invariably a soft muddy bottom. That part of the state which lies west of the .mountains, is, for the most part, remarkably fertile, and abounds with oak trees of various kinds, walnut, elm, line, and cherry trees ; the last of which grows there to such a size that many of them are three feet in diameter. The soil and productions, in the hilly country, are nearly the same as in the northern states. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, and flax, are the crops most generally cultivated, and seem to suit well the nature of the soil. Throughout the whole state, Indian corn arid pulse of all kinds are abundant. Cotton is raised in considerable quantities. Of the plains in the low country, the large natural growth is almost univer sally pitch pine, a tall and beautiful tree, which grows here to a size far supe rior to the pitch pine of the northern states. This valuable tree affords pitch, tar, turpentine, and various kinds of lumber, which, together, constitute about one-half of the exports of North Carolina. It is of two kinds, the common and the long-leaved. The latter differs from other pines, not in shape, but in the length of its leaves, which are nearly half a yard long, and hang in large clus ters. The trees in the low countries both of North and South Carolina, are loaded with quantities of a long-, spongy moss, which, hanging in clusters from the limbs, give to the forests r a singular appearance. The misletoe frequently engrafts itself upon the trees in the back country. In this part plums, grapes, blackberries and strawberries grow spontaneously; also several valuable medicinal plants, as ginseng, Virginia snake-root, Seneca snake-root, and some others. The rich bottoms are overgrown with canes, the leaves of which con tinue green through the winter, and afford good pasture for cattle. North Carolina is far removed from that perfection of culture which is neces sary to give it the full advantage of the natural richness of its soil and the value of its productions. One great cause of its backwardness in agricultural im provement, is the want of inland navigation and of good harbors. The gold mines of North Carolina, which have lately excited much * interest, are found on the Yadkin and its branches, in the neighbor hood of Wadesborough and Salisbury, and extend over a considerable district, in almost any part of which gold may be found in greater or less abundance, NORTH CAROLINA. 103 mixed with the soil. It exists in grains or masses, from almost imperceptible particles to lumps of two pounds weight. The first account of gold from North Carolina, on the records of the mint of the United States, occurs in 1814, in which year it was received to the amount of $11,000. It continued to be received during the succeeding years, until 1824 inclusive, in different quantities, but less than that of 1814, and on an average not exceeding $2,500 a year. In 1825, the amount received was $17,000; in 1826, $20,000; in 1827, about $21,000; in 1828, nearly $46,000; in 1829, $128,000; and in 1830, $204,000. These mines are very extensive ; and a succession of gold miaes has been discovered in the country lying to the east of the Blue Ridge, extending from the vicinity of the river Potomac into the state of Alabama. These mines are now wrought, to a greater or less extent, in the states of Virginia, North Caro lina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The State Bank of North Carolina, at Raleigh, with six branches; Banks in Cape Fear Bank, at Wilmington, with branches at Fayetteville, Sa- 183 - lem, Charlotte, and Hillsborough ; Newbern Bank, at Newborn, with branches at Raleigh, Halifax, and Milton. The amount of bank capital is $3,200,000. The Bank of the United States has an office of discount and deposit at Fayetteville. The principal literary institution in this state is the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill. Academies are established at various places. The state has a literary fund, arising from bank dividends, &c. amounting to upwards of $70,000. It is provided, that when this fund shall have accumulated to a sufficient amount, the income of it shall be divided among the several counties, in proportion to the free population, for the support of common schools. There are 12 periodical presses in this state. The Baptists in this state have 14 associations, 272 churches, 139 ioug ministers, and 15,530 communicants ; the Presbyterians have 126 denomina- churches, 57 ministers, 9 licentiates, and 5,907 communicants ; the tlons * Methodists, 32 preachers, and 12,641 members ; the Lutherans, 45 congrega tions, 16 ministers, and 1,888 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 11 ministers ; the United Brethren, 4 congregations, and 1,727 members * r the Friends have a number of societies. The first permanent settlements were formed about the middle of the seventeenth century. North Carolina was long united under the same government with South Carolina: it was for many years called the County of Albemarle, or the County of Albemarle in Carolina, and about the beginning of the 18th century, the Colony of North Carolina. As early as 1715, it had a separate legislative assembly, at which Charles Eden was gov ernor ; and in the year 1727, it was formed into an entirely distinct province. The constitution of North Carolina was agreed to and resolved . . upon, by representatives chosen for that purpose, at Halifax, Deeem- and govern" ber 18, 1776. ment - The legislative authority is vested in a body, styled The General Assembly, consisting of a senate and a house of commons, both elected annually by the people. One senator and two members of the house of commons are sent from each of the 62 counties ; and one of the latter also from each of the towns of Edenton, Newbern, Wilmington, Salisbury, Hillsborough, and Halifax. The chief executive officer is the governor, who is chosen annually by a joint vote of the two houses ; and he is eligible for 3 years only in 6. He is assisted by an executive council of seven members, chosen annually by a joint vote of the two houses. In case of the death of the governor, hi& duties devolve upon the speaker of the senate. 104 SOUTH CAROLINA. The judges of the supreme and superior courts are appointed by a joint vote of the two houses, and hold their offices during good behavior. The constitution grants the right of voting for members of the house of com mons to all freemen of the age of 21 years, who have been inhabitants of any one county within the state twelve months immediately preceding the day of any election, and have paid public taxes ; but in order to be entitled to vote for senators, they must be possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land. The governor s annual salary is $2,000. This state sends 13 representa tives to congress. SOUTH CAROLINA. ARMS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. LENGTH, 188 miles; breadth, 160: containing 30,000 square miles. Be- tween 32 2 and 35 10 N. long, and between 1 45 and 6 15 W. long. Bounded N. and N. E. by North Carolina ; S. E. by the Atlantic ; and S. W. by Georgia, from which it is separated by the Savannah. TABLE OF THE DISTRICTS AND SEATS OF JUSTICE. Districts. Seats of Justice. Dist. (r Colum bia. Districts. Seats of Justice. Dist. fr. Colum bia. Abbeville nw Abbeville 100 Lancaster n Lancaster C. H. 73 Anderson nw Anderson C. H. 129 Laurens wm Laurens C. H. 79 Barnwell sw BarnweU C. H. 62 Lexington m Lexington C. H. 12 Beaufort s voosawhatchie 147 Marion ne Marion C. H. 115 Charleston se Charleston 110 Marlboro n Marlboro C H. 102 Chester n Chester C. H. 57 dewberry wm Newberry C. H. 45 Chesterfield n Chesterf Id C. H. 102 Orangeb gh m Orangeb gh C.H. 43 Colleton se Walterborough 93 Pic kens nw Pickens C. H. 157 Darlington ne Darlington C. H. 86 Hichland m COLUMBIA Edgefield w Fairfield m Edgefield C. H. *Vinnsborough 57 29 Spartanburgh n Sumter m Spartanb ghC.H. Sumterville 104 44 Georgetown e jeorgetown 134 Jnion n [Jnionville 77 Greenville nw jreenville C. H. 117 WilliamsbVh e Kingstree 86 Horry ne 17 1 ^onwayborough 150 York York C. H. 78 Kershaw m ^amden 33 SOUTH CAROLINA. Population of the Districts and other Divisions, as given in the Census of 1830. 105 Abbeville District, 28,134 Georgetown District 19,943 Anderson do 17,170 Greenville. do 16,476 Barnwell do 19,236 Horry, do 5,323 Charleston City 30,289 Kershaw do 13,545 Charleston Neck, 10,054 Lancaster, do 10,361 St. Andrew s Parish 3,727 Laurens, do 20,863 St. John s Colleton 10,045 Lexington, do 9,076 St. James, Goose Creek, 8,632 Marion do 11,208 St. Stephen s, 2,416 Marlborough, do 8,578 Christ Church, 3,412 Newberry, do 17,441 St. James, Santee, 3,743 Orangeburgh, do 18,455 St. Thomas and St. Dennis, 3,055 Pickens, do 14,475 St. Peter s Parish 3,834 Richland, do 11,465 St. Helena, 8,799 Columbia, Town 3,310 St. Luke s, 9,659 Spartanburgh, District 21,148 Prince William s 9,040 Sumter, do 28,278 Chester, District 19,182 Union, do 17,908 Chesterfield, do 8,472 Washington, do 13,728 Colleton, do 27,256 Williamsburgh, do 9,015. Edgefield, do 30,511 York, do 17,785. Fairfield, do 21,546 Total population, 581,458. Slaves, 315,665. Population at different Periods. Population. Blavea. In 1790, 249,073 107,094 1800, 345,591 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 96,518 146,151 1810, 415,115 1800 1810, 69,524 196,365 1820, 502,741 1810 1820, 86,626 258,47$ 1830, 581,458 1820 1830, 78,717 315,365 The distinguishing virtues of the Carolinians are hospitality to strangers,. and charity to the indigent and distressed. The planters, who in general have large incomes, live in a luxurious and splendid style, devoting much of their time to the pursuit of pleasure, and possessing much of that pride and dignity ef spirit which characterize an independent country gentleman. The virtues f the farmers of the upper country are less brilliant, but more substantial. They have fewer vices, are of more frugal and industrious habits, and exhibit greater fortitude in the reverses of fortune. Labor in the lower country is performed almost entirely by slaves. The principal rivers are the Waccamaw, Pedee, Black River, Santee, Cooper, Ashley, Stono, Edisto, Asheppo, Cambahee, Coosaw, Broad, and Savannah. South Carolina is divided by nature into two parts, which, from their physi cal situation, have been called Upper and Lower Carolina. The latter is supposed to have once been under the dominion of the ocean. Towards the coast the country is a level plain, extending more than 100 miles westward from the sea. Here the eye finds no relief from the dull uniformity of bound less forests, swamps, and level fields. This fatiguing plain is succeeded by a curious range of little sand-hills, exactly resembling the waves of an agitated sea. This singular country occupies an extent of about 60 miles. It is ex tremely barren, enlivened here and there by spots of verdure, or by some straggling pines ; and its few inhabitants earn a scanty subsistence by the cul tivation of corn and sweet potatoes. After passing these sand-hills, we come next to a remarkable tract of ground, called the Ridge, which, on its approach O 106 SOUTH CAROLINA. from the sea, is lofty and bold, but on the north-west is level from its summit. This is a fine belt of land, extending from the Savannah to Broad River, fertile, well cultivated, and watered by considerable streams. The country beyond this ridge resembles, in its scenery, the most interesting of the northern states. The traveller is gratified by the pleasant alternation of hill and dale ; the lively verdure of the hills is contrasted with the deeper tints of the extensive forests, which decorate their sides ; and in the valleys broad rivers roll their streams through the varied beauties of luxuriant and cultivated fields. From these de lightful regions the ground still continues to rise till we reach tne western limit of the state. Here 7 or 8 mountains run in regular direction, the most distin guished of which is Table Mountain ; other mountains are Oolenoy, Oconee, Paris , Glassey, Hogback, and King s. These are all in the districts of Pen- dleton, Greenville, Spartanburg, and York. The soil of South Carolina is divided into 6 classes: 1. Tide-swamp. 2. Inland swamp. 3. High river swamp, or low grounds, distinguished by the name of second low grounds. 4. Salt marsh. 5. Oak and hickory high land. 6. Pine barren. The first two classes are peculiarly adapted to the culture of rice and hemp ; the third is most favorable to the growth of hemp, corn, and indigo. The salt marsh has been much neglected. The oak and hickory land is remarkably fertile, and well adapted to the culture of corn, as well as indigo and cotton. The pine-barren, though the least productive, is so much more salubrious than the other soils in the low country, that a proportion of pine- barren is an appendage indispensably necessary to every swamp plantation. The staple commodities of this state are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are annually exported. These articles have so engrossed the atten tion of the planters, that the culture of wheat, barley, oats, and other crops equally useful, but less profitable, has been almost wholly neglected. So little wheat is raised throughout the state, that considerable quantities are annually imported. Cotton was not raised in any considerable quantities till as late as 1795. Before that period indigo was, next to rice, the most important article of produce; but it is now neglected. Tobacco thrives well. The exports, in 3829, amounted to $8,179,409. The fruits which flourish best are pears, pomegranates, and water-melons ; the latter, in particular, grow to an enor mous size, and are superior perhaps to any in the world. Other fruits are figs, apricots, nectarines, apples, peaches, olives, almonds, and oranges. The period of vegetation comprehends, in favorable years, from 7 to 8 months, commencing in January or February, and terminating in October or November. The frosts generally in the months of November, December, Jan uary, and February, are too severe for the delicate productions of more southern latitudes. The low country is seldom covered with snow ; but the mountains near the western boundary are often mantled in that wintry robe. Frost some times binds up the earth, but seldom penetrates deeper than two inches, or lasts longer than three or four days. At some seasons,, and particularly in Feb ruary, the weather is very variable. The temperature has been known to vary 46 degrees in one day. In Charleston for seven years the thermometer was not known to rise above 93 degrees, or to fall below 17 above 0. The number of extreme hot days in Charleston is seldom more than 30 in a year ; and there are about as many sultry nights, in which the heat and closeness of the air are such as to prevent the enjoyment of sound sleep. The low country is infested with all the diseases which spring from a warm, moist, and unelastic atmosphere. Of these the most frequent are fevers, from which the inhabitants suffer more than from any, or perhaps from all other dis eases together. The districts of the upper country enjoy as salubrious a cli mate as any part of the United States. The Saritee Canal, 22 miles long, forms a junction between the Santee and the Cooper river, which flows into Charleston harbor ; and it opens to the city SOUTH CAROLINA. 107 the commerce of the interior of South and North Carolina. A rail-road from Charleston to Hamburg, on the Savannah, opposite to Augusta, 120 miles long, is now in progress. Several miles, extending from Charleston, were com pleted in 1830, and a locomotive steam-car has been placed upon it, moving at the rate of 15 miles an hour. Gold is found in considerable quantities ; the amount received, at the United States mint, in 1830, from this state, was $26,000. There are 9 banks and branches of banks in this state ; 6 at Charleston, 1 at Columbia, 1 at Georgetown, and 1 at Camden. The principal literary institutions of this state are the College of South Carolina, at Columbia, and Charleston College, in Charleston. The college of South Carolina has been built and supported by the state legis lature ; and the sum of nearly $200,000 has been expended upon the buildings, library, philosophical apparatus, and occasional repairs. In addition to this, the legislature makes an annual appropriation of about $15,000 to defray the expenses of the institution ; and it also supports two beneficiaries at the college, at the annual expense of $260 each. The legislature makes an annual appropriation of nearly $40,000 for the support of free schools. The Commissioners of Free Schools, at the session of the legislature, in 1828, reported that 840 schools were established through out the state, in which 9,036 scholars were instructed, at the expense of $39,716. The annual appropriation, in 1829, was $37,200. The number of periodical presses in 1831, was 15, The Methodists in this state have 54 preachers and 25,114 mem- Reli }ous bers; the Baptists, 6 associations, 159 churches, 131 ministers, and denpmina- 12,316 communicants ; the Presbyterians, 77 churches, 46 ministers, 7 licentiates, and 6,671 communicants; the Episcopalians, 34 ministers; there are also some Associate Presbyterians, Lutherans, Roman Catholics, and Uni tarians. This state, together with North Carolina and Georgia, was first granted to the earl of Clarendon and others, by Charles II., in 1663; and the first per manent settlement was made at Charleston, in 1680. South Carolina was for a considerable time the seat of the revolutionary war ; and Charleston and Camden, also the places named Eutaw Springs and Cowpens, were rendered memorable by warlike achievements. The first constitution of this state was formed in 1775; the Con8titu . present constitution was adopted in 1790. The legislative authority tion and go- is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House V( of Representatives. The senate consists of 45 members, who are elected by districts for four years, one half being chosen biennially. The house of repre sentatives consists of 124 members, who are apportioned among the several districts, according to the number of white inhabitants and taxation ; and are elected for two years. The representatives and one half of the senators are chosen every second year, on the second Monday in October and the day fol lowing. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for two years, by a joint vote of the senate and house of representatives, at every first meeting of the house of representatives. A governor, after having perform ed the duties of the office for two years, cannot be re-elected till after the expiration of four years. At the time of the election of governor, a lieu tenant-governor is chosen in the same manner, and for the same period. The general assembly meets annually, at Columbia, on the fourth Monday in November. The chancellor and judges are appointed by the joint ballot of the senate and house of representatives, and hold their offices during good be havior. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free ivhite male citizen, of the age of 21 years, having resided in the state two years pre- 108 GEORGIA. vious to the day of election, and having been possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land, or a town lot, at least six months before such election, or (not having such freehold or town lot) having been a resident in the election district in which he offers his vote, six months before said election, and having paid a tax the preceding year of 3s. sterling towards the support of the government. The governor s annual salary is 3,500 dolllars. South Carolina sends 9 representatives to congress. GEORGIA. ARMS OF GEORGIA LENGTH, 300 miles ; breadth, 200 : containing 58,000 square miles. Be- tween 30 19 and 35 N. L. and 3 52 and 8 47 W. L. Bounded north by Tennessee and North Carolina ; north-east by South Carolina ; south-east by the Atlantic ; south by Florida ; and west by Alabama. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Whites. Colored. Total Pop. County Towns. Instance fr. Mil- ledgeville. Appling sm Baker sw 1,284 977 184 276 1,468 1,253 Appling C. H. Byron 125 155 Baldwin m 2,724 4,565 7,289 MlLLEDGEVILLE Bibb m 4,138 3,005 7,143 Macon 35 Bryan se 723 2,416 3,139 Bryan C. H. Bullock em 1,933 653 2,586 Statesborough 117 Burke e 5,066 6,767 11,833 Waynesborough 37 Butts nm 3,225 1,687 4,912 Jackson 51 Camden se 1,458 3,120 4,578 Jeffersonton 212 Campbell nw 2,694 629 3,323 Campbellton 134 Carroll nw 2,723 696 3,419 Carrollton 153 Chatham e 4,325 9,905 14,230 Savannah 167 Clarke nm 5,438 4,738 10,176 Watkinsville 69 Columbia nm 4,471 8,135 12,606 Applingville 93 GEORGIA. i09 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Whites. Colored. Total Pop. County Towns. Distance fr. Mil- edgevilie. Coweta nw 3,634 1,372 6,006 \ewman 129 Crawford writ 3,591 1,723 5,314 ECnoxville 60 )ecatur MJ 2,541 1,307 3,848 Bainbridge 206 )ekalb nw 8,376 1,671 10,047 Decatur 117 )ooly torn 1,787 348 2,135 Berrien 97 Sarly sw 1,505 546 2,051 Blakely 227 Sffingham e 1,746 1,223 2,969 Willoughby 181 Albert n 6,501 5,853 12,354 Elberton 101 ilmanuel em 2,168 513 2,681 Swainsborough 79 ? ayette nw 4,268 1,233 5,501 Fayetteville 187 ? ranklin n 7,712 2,423 10,135 Gainesville 114 Glynn se 597 3,970 4,467 Brunswick 200 jreene nm 5,026 7,525 12,551 Greensborough 44 jwinett nw 10,938 2,282 13,220 Lawrenceville 93 iabersham n 9,733 915 10,648 Clarksville 144 Hall nw 10,573 1,182 11,755 Gainesville 123 Hancock nm iarris w 4,607 2,831 7,215 2,274 11,822 5,105 Sparta Hamilton 24 134 rlgnry nwm 7,991 2,576 10.567 McDonough 85 Houston wm 5,161 2,208 7,369 Perry 60 rwin sm 1,066 114 1,180 Irwin C. H. tackson n 6,184 2,816 9,000 Jefferson 98 tasper m 6,767 6,364 13,131 Monticello 35 Fefferson em 3,603 3,706 7,309 Louisville 52 Tones m 6,469 6,873 13,342 Clinton 22 Laurens m 3,188 2,390 5,578 Dublin 47 Lee wm 1,367 307 1,674 Pindertown 130 Liberty se 1,588 5,646 7,234 Riceborough 202 Lincoln nm 2,824 3,313 6,137 Lincolnton 100 Lowndes s 2,113 340 2,453 Franklinville 187 Vfadison n 3,365 1,261 4,626 Danielsville 92 VIcIntosh se 1,095 3,903 4,998 Darien 187 Marion wm 1,327 109 1,436 Marion C. H. 174 Meriwether nw 3,018 1,406 4,424 Greenville 211 Monroe m 8,836 7,366 16,202 Forsythe 60 Montgomery m 934 335 1,269 Mount Vernon 89 Morgan nm 5,146 6,877 12,023 Madison 44 Muscogee w 2,261 1,247 3,508 Columbus 120 Newton nwm 8,131 3,023 11,154 Covington 60 Ogfethorpe nm 5,554 8,004 13,558 Lexington 69 Pike wm 4,362 1,694 6,056 Zebulon 86 Pukski m 3,117 1,782 4,899 Hartford 67 Putnam m 5,512 7,744 13,656 Eatonton 22 Rabun n 2,114 61 2,175 Clayton 174 Randolph w 1,508 683 2,191 Randolph C. H. 170 Richmond e 5,163 6,481 11,644 Augusta 90 Scriven e 2,387 2,389 4,776 Jacksonborough 144 Talbot w 3,839 2,101 5,940 Talbotton 112 Taliaferro nm 2,162 2,770 4,934 Crawfordsville 47 Tatnall em 1,519 520 2,039 Perry s Mills 115 no GEORGIA. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued, Counties. Whites. Colored. Total Pop. County Towns. Distance fr. Mil- edgeville. Telfair m 1,569 567 2,136 Jacksonville Ill Thomas * 2,127 1,169 3,296 Thomasville 235 Troup w 3,607 2,192 5,799 Lagrange 133 Twiggs m 4,495 3,534 8,029 Marion 37 Upson nwm Walton nwm 4,444 7,763 2,569 3,168 7,013 10,931 Upson C. H. Monroe 87 72 Ware s 1,132 62 1,194 Waresborough 161 Warren nm 6,044 4,802 10,846 Warrenton 49 Washington m 5,905 3,915 9,820 Sandersville 27 Wayne se 676 286 962 Waynesville 190 Wilkes nw 5,265 8,972 14,237 Washington 64 Wilkinson m 4,603 1,955 6,558 Irwinton 20 76 Total 516,567 In 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820, Population. 82,548 162,686 252,433 348,989 Population at different Periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 80,138 1800 1810, 89,747 1810 1820, 88,456 Slaves. 29,264 59,699 105,218 149,656 1830, 516,567 1820 1830, 165,578 217,470 Milledgeville is the seat of government. Savannah and Augusta are the largest towns. The other most considerable towns -are Washington, Louisville, Darien, St. Mary s, Greensborough, Petersburg, and Sparta. The principal rivers are the Savannah, Ogechee, Altarnaha, Satilla, Oak- mulgee, Oconee, St. Mary s, Flint, Chatahoochee, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. The coast of Georgia for four or five miles inland is a salt marsh, mostly uninhabited. In front of this, towards the sea, there is a chain of islands of a gray rice soil, covered in their natural state with pine, hickory, and live oak, and yielding on cultivation sea-island cotton. The principal of these islands mre Wassaw, Ossabaw, St. Catharine s, Sapello, St. Simon s, Jekyl, and Cum berland. Back of the salt marsh there is a narrow margin of land, of nearly the same quality with that of the islands. In the rear of this margin com mences the pine barrens. The rivers and creeks are everywhere bordered with swamps or marsh, which, at every tide, for fifteen or twenty miles from the coast, are either wholly or partially overflowed. These constitute the rice plantations. The pine barrens extend from 60 to 90 miles from the sea, beyond which the country becomes uneven, diversified with hills and mountains, of a strong, rich soil, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of grain. The north-western part of the state is mountainous, and abounds in sublime and picturesque scenery. The soil of Georgia is various ; but a large proportion of it is very produc tive. At a distance from the sea it changes from gray to red ; in some places it is gravelly, but fertile ; and farther back into the country its tint is gradually deepened, till it becomes what is called the mulatto soil, consisting of black mould and red earth. This sort of land is generally strong, and affords abun dant crops of wheat, tobacco, corn, &c. It is succeeded in its turn by a soil that is nearly black, and very rich, on which are large quantities of black walnut and mulberry. The staple commodities of this state are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are exported. The forests afford an abundant supply of fine timber, consisting chiefly of oak, pine, hickory, mulberry, and cedar. The kinds of GEORGIA. Ill fruit are melons in great perfection, figs in plenty, oranges, pomegranates, olives, lemons, limes, citrons, pears, and peaches. The pine barrens produce grapes of large size and excellent flavor. The exports, which consist chiefly of cotton, rice, lumber, tobacco, canes, deer-skins, and maize, amounted, in 1829, to 4,981,939 dollars. The winters in Georgia are mild and pleasant ; snow is seldom seen, nor is vegetation interrupted by severe frosts. The thermometer usually fluctuates between 40 and 60 degrees. In the low country, in the vicinity of the swamps, bilious complaints and fevers are very common, during the months of July, August, and September. At the approach of this season, the rich planters, with their families, remove either to the sea islands, or to more elevated situations. There are several valuable mineral springs in this state ; one near Washing, ton ; one in Jefferson county, 12 miles south-east of Louisville ; and another in Madison county, five miles from Danielsville. Two considerable tribes of Indians reside partly within the chartered limits of this state ; the Cherokees in the north-western part, and the Creeks in the western. The Cherokees have made greater advances in the arts of civilized life than any other tribe of North American Indians. A proposition to remove them to the west of the Mississippi, which has been recently made, has excited a deep interest throughout the country ; and it is to be hoped that such a course will be pursued as shall be consistent at once with justice and humanity, with the welfare of the Cherokees, and the honor of the United States. " Within the last 20 years the Cherokees have rapidly advanced towards civilization. They now live in comfortable houses, chiefly in villages, and cultivate large farms. They raise large herds of cattle, which they sell for beef to the inhab itants of the neighboring states." Gold is found in considerable quantities in this state. The amount received from Georgia, at the United States mint, in 1830, was $212,000. The gold mines which have been discovered are in the northern part of the state, near the sources of the Catahooche, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. There are 19 banks and branches in this state, 4 at Savannah, 4 at Augusta, 3 at Milledgeville, 1 at Washington, 1 at Darien, 1 at Jonesborough, 1 at Eaton- ton, 3 at Macon, and 1 at Columbus. The state penitentiary is at Milledgeville. The principal literary seminary in this state is Franklin College, or the Uni versity of Georgia, at Athens, which has funds to the amount of $136,000, of which $100,000 are invested in the Bank of the State of Georgia, which stock the state guaranties to yield eight per cent, per annum. The following statement relating to education is given by Mr. Sherwood in his " Gazetteer of Georgia." " There are about 80 incorporated academies in this state, 64 of which have been brought into operation. The average num ber of pupils in each, is 47=3,008. In the northern and southern sections of the state, there are probably 5 common schools in each county ; 40 counties ; 30 pupils each =6,000. In the middle section, say 7 common schools in each county; 25 counties =5,250. Total number of pupils in the academies and common schools, 14,258." The state possesses "Academy and Poor School Funds" to a considerable amount. By an act of the legislature of 1792, each county academy was allowed to purchase the value of 1,000 of confiscated property : 1,000 acres of land in each county were granted for the support of schools ; and also a fund of $250,000, to be vested in stocks for the same purpose. In 1831 there were 20 periodical presses in this state. The Methodists, in this state, have 64 preachers, and 27,038 mem- Re] . . QUS bers ; the Baptists, 12 associations, 390 churches, 205 ministers, and denomfna- 31,797 communicants; the Presbyterians, 55 churches, 31 ministers, tlon * and 3,034 communicants; the Episcopalians, 4 churches and 4 ministers; the Roman Catholics, 3 churches and 3 ministers. 112 ALABAMA. History. The first English settlement of Georgia was commenced in 1733, at Savannah, by general Oglethorpe, together with 160 persons. Constitution ^ e ^ rst const ^ u ^ on f Georgia was formed in 1777 ; a second, and govern, in 1785 ; and a third, the one now in operation, in 1798. The legis- meiu - lative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen annually on the first Monday in October. One senator is elected for each county, and the number of representatives is in proportion to population, including three fifths of all the people of color ; but each county is entitled to at least one, and no one to more than four, members. The executive power is vested in a governor, who was formerly elected by the general assembly ; but he is now (and ever since 1824 elected by the people on the first Monday in October ; and he holds the office for two years. The general assembly meets (at Milledgeville) on the first Monday in November ; unless convened at another time by the governor. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to all " citizens and inhabitants, who have attained the age of 21 years, and have paid all the taxes which may have been required of them, and which they may have had opportunity of paying, agreeably to law, for the year preceding the election, and shall have resided six months within the county." The judicial power is vested in a Superior Court and in such inferior juris dictions as the legislature may, from time to time, ordain and establish ; and the superior and inferior courts sit twice in each county every year. The judges of the Superior Court are elected by the legislature for three years ; the justices of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected quadriennially by the people ; and the clerks of the superior and inferior courts biennially* The annual salary of the governor is 3,000 dollars. This state sends nine representatives to congress. ALABAMA. LENGTH, 280 miles; breadth, 160 miles: containing 46,000 square miles. Between 30 12 and 35 N. latitude; and between 8 and 11 30 W. longi tude from Washington. Bounded north by Tennessee; east by Georgia; south by Florida, and west by the state of Mississippi. ! TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Population. County Towns. Dist. from Tuscaloosa. itauga m 11,872 Washington 129 Idwin s 2,324 Blakely 228 )b m 6,305 Centreville 39 >unt nm 4,233 Blountsville 110 tier sm 5,634 Greenville 143 irke sm 7,584 Clarkesville 146 necuh s 7,444 Sparta 205 vington s 1,522 Montezuma 187 ,le s 2,021 Dale C. H. 242 lias m 14,017 Cahawba 96 yette nm 3,470 Fayette C. H. 50 anklin nw 11,078 Russelville 127 eene wm 15,026 Erie 47 r _nry se 3,955 Columbia 260 ALABAMA. 113 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Population. County Towns. Dist. from Tuscaloosa. Jackson ne 12,702 $ Bellefonte I Woodville 172 185 Jefferson m 6,855 Elyton 59 Lauderdale nw 11,782 Florence 146 Lawrence n 14,984 Moulton 102 Limestone n 14,848 Athens 130 Lowndes 9,421 Lowndes C. H. 138 Madison n 28,011 Huntsville 155 Marengo sm 7,742 Linden 78 Marion nw 4,058 Pikeville 118 Mobile sw Mobile, city 3,071 3,194 1 Mobile 226 Monroe sm 8,780 Clairborne 157 Montgomery sm 12,694 Montgomery 119 Morgan n 9,053 Somerville 135 Perry m 11,509 Perry C. H. 61 Pickens w 6,620 Pickens 48 Pike se 7,103 Pike C. H. 179 St. Clair nem 5,975 Ashville 129 Shelby m 5,521 Shelbyville 73 Tuscaloosa m 13,646 TUSCALOOSA Walker nm 2,202 Walker C. H. 47 Washington sw 3,478 Washington C. H. 146 Wilcox sm 9,469 Canton 113 36 Total 308,997, of whom 117,294 are slaves. Population at different Periods Population. In 1810, less than 10,000 1816, 29,683 1818, 70,542 1820, 1827, 1830, 127,901 244,041 308,997 Increase From 1820 to 1830, 181,096 In 1820, 1827, Slaves. 41,879 93,008 1830,117,294 The principal rivers are the Alabama, Tombigbee, Black Warrior, Coosa, Tallapoosa, Tennessee, Chatahoochee, Perdido, and Cahawba. The southern part of the country, which borders on the gulf of Mexico and West Florida, for the space of 50 miles wide, is low and level, covered with pine, cypress, and loblolly ; in the middle it is hilly, with some tracts of open land ; the northern part is somewhat broken and mountainous, and the country generally is more elevated above the sea, than most other parts of the United States at equal distance from the ocean. The Aileghany mountains terminate in the north-east part. The forest trees in the middle and northern part con sist of black and white oak, hickory, poplar, cedar, chestnut, pine, mulberry, &c. Alabama possesses great diversity of soil, climate, natural, vegetable, and mineral productions. Occupying the valley of the Mobile, and its tributary streams, together with a fine body of land on both sides of the Tennessee river, its position in an agricultural and commercial point of view is highly advan tageous. A considerable portion of that part of the state which lies between the Alabama and Tombigbee, of that part watered by the Coosa and Talla poosa, and of that on the Tennessee, consists of very excellent land. On the P 114 ALABAMA. margin of many of the rivers there is a considerable quantity of cane bottom land, of great fertility, generally from a half to three quarters of a mile wide. On the outside of this is a space, which is low, wet, and intersected by stagnant water. Next to the river swamp, and elevated above it ten or fifteen feet, suc ceeds an extensive body of level land of a black, rich soil, with a growth of hickory, black-oak, post-oak, dog-wood, poplar, &c. After this come the prairies, which are wide-spreading plains of level, or gently waving land, without timber, clothed with grass, herbage, and flowers, and exhibiting in the month of May the most enchanting scenery. Cotton is the staple of the state. Other productions are corn, rice, wheat, rye, oats, &c. The sugar-cane, the vine, and the olive, it is supposed, may be cultivated with success. Coal abounds on the Cahawba, the Black Warrior, &c. ; and valuable iron ore is found in some parts of the state. The climate of the southern part of the bottom land bordering on the rivers, and of the country bordering on the Muscle Shoals, is unhealthy. In the ele vated part of the country the climate is very fine ; the winters are mild, and the summers pleasant, being tempered by breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. The Cherokee and the Creek Indians possess a large tract in the eastern part of Alabama ; and the Choctaws and Chickasaws have possessions in the west. In 1831 there were three banks in this state, including a branch of the United States Bank at Mobile. The University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, is a new but well-endowed institution. It was incorporated in 1820, by an act of the state legisla ture. By an act of Congress, March 1819, one section of land, containing 640 acres, was granted to the inhabitants of each township for the use of schools, and 72 sections, or two townships, for the support of a seminary of learning. The funds of the university consist of the proceeds of these lands. There have been 24 academies incorporated in the state, up to 1832. internal im- By an act of congress, March 2, 1819, it was provided that 5 per provement. ^nt. o f t h e neat proceeds of all the sales of public lands in this state, made subsequently to September 1, 1819, should be reserved for making public roads and canals, and improving the navigation of rivers. Three-fifths of the amount were directed to be applied to these objects within the state, and two-fifths to the making of a road or roads leading to the state, under the direction of con gress. This act gave rise to what is commonly called the " Three per cent. Fund," which has been vested in the bank of the state of Alabama ; and it amounted, according to the report of the state treasurer, on the 26th of Novem ber, 1829, to $96,355 77. A board of internal improvement, to consist of six commissioners, was established by the general assembly in January, 1830, under whose superintendence the income of this fund is to be appropriated to objects of public utility, as roads, canals, &c. On the 23d of May, 1828, congress made a grant to this state of 400,000 acres of relinquished and unappropriated lands for improving the navigation of the Muscle Shoals and Colbert Shoals in the Tennessee ; and likewise for im proving the navigation of the Coosa, Cahawba, and Black Warrior rivers* There are 12 periodical presses in this state. Religious de- ^ ne Baptists in this state have 12 associations, 219 churches, 130 nomina- ministers, and 8,953 communicants ; the Methodists, 44 preachers 13,504 members ; the Presbyterians, 38 churches, 27 ministers, 6 licentiates, and 1,669 communicants; the Roman Catholics, 2 ministers ; the Episcopalians, 2 ministers. Mobile, in the southern part of Alabama, was settled long since by the Spanish ; yet the territory which now forms this state contained but very few civilized inhabitants before 1810. Since that time its increase in population has been exceedingly rapid. Alabama was erected into a territorial government in 1817 ; the inhabitants formed a constitution in 1819; and in 1820, it was admitted into the Union. MISSISSIPPI. 115 The legislative power is vested in two branches, a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled The General Assembly of the State of Alabama. The representatives are elected annually, ment - and are apportioned among the different counties in proportion to the white population; the whole number cannot exceed 100, nor fall short of 60. The senators are elected for three years, and one-third of them are chosen every year. Their number cannot be more than one-third, nor less than one-fourth of the number of representatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people, for two years ; and is eligible four years out of six. The representatives and one-third of the senators are elected annually on the first Monday in August and the day following ; and the governor is elected biennially at the same time. The general assembly meets annually (at Tus- caloosa) on the fourth Monday in October. The right of suffrage is possessed by every white male citizen of 21 years of age, who has resided within the state one year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the county, city, or town, in which he offers his vote. The judicial power is vested in one supreme court, in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The judges, after No vember in 1833, are to be elected by a joint vote of both houses of the general assembly, every six years. The annual salary of the governor is $2,000* This state sends five repre sentatives to congress. MISSISSIPPI, THIS state is not far from 800 miles in average length, and 160 in average breadth. Between 30 and 34 N. lat. ; and 11 and 14 W. long, from Wash ington. It contains 28,000,000 acres. Bounded on the N. by Tennessee ; E. by Alabama ; S. by the gulf of Mexico and Louisiana ; W. by Louisiana and the Mississippi* TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Dist. from Jackson. Adams sw Natchez city 12,129 > 2,790 $ Natchez 112 Amite ew 7,943 Liberty 122 Ciaiborne w 9,818 Port Gibson 67 Copiah swm 7,024 Gallatin 53 CovingtoH sm 2,549 Williamsburgh 83 Franklin sw 4,622 Meadville 105 Greene se 1,849 Leaksville 171 Hancock s 1,961 Pearlington 200 Hinds TW 8,619 \ JACKSON Raymond 19 Jackson se 1,789 Jackson C. H. 213 Jefferson sw 9,755 Fayette 93 Jones sm 1,471 Ellisville 134 Lawrence sm 5,321 Monticello 88 Lowndes 3,342 Columbus 134 Madison e 4,973 Livingston 31 Marion s 3,701 Columbia 120 Monroe e 3,855 Hamilton 150 116 MISSISSIPPI. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Diat. from Jackson. Perry se 2,285 Augusta 137 Pike 9 5,402 Holmesville 151 Rankin w 2,084 Brandon 16 Simpson sm 2,666 Westville 56 Warren w 7,861 Vicksburg 54 Washington 1,976 Princeton 119 Wayne e 2,778 Winchester 165 Wilkinson sw 11,693 Woodville 148 Yazoo w 6,550 Benton 64 26 Population at different Periods* The country now forming the states of Mississippi and Alabama was erect ed into a territorial government by the name of the Mississippi Territory, in 1798, and so continued till 1817. Population in 1800, 8,850; in 1810, 40,352 : of Mississippi alone, in 1816, 45,929. Slaves. In 1820, 1830, Population, 75,448 136,806 Increase from 1820 to 1830, 61,358 32,814 65,659 The principal rivers are the Mississippi, Pearl, Pascagoula, Yazoo, Black, Tennessee, and the western branches of the Tombigbee. The Mississippi forms the western boundary from lat. 31 to 35 N. ; 308 miles in a right line, but by the course of the river near 700 miles. The southern part of the state, extending about 100 miles north from the Gulf of Mexico, is mostly a champaign country, with occasional hills of moderate elevation, and is covered with forests of the long-leaved pine, interspersed with cypress swamps, open prairies, and inundated marshes. A considerable por tion of this part is susceptible of cultivation. The soil is generally sandy, sometimes gravelly and clayey. It is capable of producing cotton, corn, in digo, sugar, garden vegetables, plums, cherries, peaches, figs, sour oranges, and grapes. In proceeding north, the face of the country becomes more elevated and agreeably diversified. The growth of timber consists of poplar, hickory, oak, black walnut, sugar-maple, buckeye, elm, hackberry, &c., and the soil is ex ceedingly fertile, producing abundant crops of cotton, corn, sweet potatoes, in digo, garden vegetables, and fruit. Nearly all the country watered by the Yazoo is described as incomparably fertile, well watered, and healthful. Cotton is the staple production of the state. Peaches and figs are the fruits most easily produced. Apples, plums, lemons, and oranges are common. The climate is temperate, and in the elevated parts generally healthy. The local situation of this state, the fertility of its soil, the temperature of its cli mate, and the value of its productions, will doubtless cause it to remain an im portant part of the Union. The Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians possess a large portion of the territory of this state, embracing the northern and eastern parts. The tracts possessed by these tribes, comprise some of the finest parts of the state, abounding with extensive and beautiful prairies. The Choctaws and Chickasaws have well cultivated fields, and great numbers of horses, cattle, hogs, and sheep. Many of them are mechanics, and their women spin and make cloth. There are 8 banks and branches in this state ; viz. 3 at Natchez, 1 at Port Gibson, 2 at Vicksburg, 1 at Woodville, and 1 at Rodney. MISSISSIPPI. 117 Jefferson College, at Washington, was established in 1802, and has received liberal endowments in public lands from the federal go- vernment. It is pleasantly situated ; the buildings are large and commodious ; the course of study is similar to that of West Point ; and the number of cadets or students, in 1830, was 98. There are other seminaries in different parts ; but, although an interest in education is manifested in the different counties, yet no system of primary schools has been adopted. The state has a Literary Fund, amounting, at present, to $27,000, derived from the donation of the general government, rents of lands, three per cent, on all sales of public lands, fines, forfeitures, &c. But no portion of it is available till it shall amount to 850,000. In 1829, a Board of Internal Improvement was organized by the internal im- legislature, consisting of the governor and three commissioners. The P rov ement. board was authorized to employ a civil engineer, and to negotiate a loan of the sum of $200,000 upon the credit of the state, to be appropriated for the improvement of the navigable streams and public roads within the state. By an act of congress, passed March 1, 1817, five per cent, of the neat proceeds of the sales of the public lands within the state, was reserved for making roads and canals ; and three-fifths of this (called the Three per cent. Fund) are sub ject to appropriation by the state legislature to those objects within the state ; the other two-fifths are at the disposal of congress for roads leading to the state. The number of periodical papers in 1831 was 10. The Methodists in this state have 23 preachers, and 5,918 mem- Religioud bers; the Baptists, 3 associations, 58 churches, 12 ministers, and denomina- 1,714 communicants; the Presbyterians, 25 churches, 21 ministers, 3 licentiates, and about 950 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 4 ministers , and there are some Roman Catholics. The first settlement of whites in Mississippi was made by the ffigto French at Natchez, about the year 1716; in 1729, these colonists were massacred by the Natchez Indians ; but in the succeeding year, this once powerful tribe was extirpated by the French. But few American settlements were made in this country till near the end of the last century. In 1800, the territory was erected into a separate go vernment, and, in 1817, into an independent state. The constitution of this state was formed at the town of Washing- Constitu . ton, in August, 1817. tion and go- The legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of Repre- vernment - sentatives, which are together styled The General Assembly of the State of Mississippi. The representatives are elected annually on the first Monday in August, in the ratio of one to every 3,000 white inhabitants. Each county, however, is entitled to one ; and the present whole number is 33. According to the consti tution, when the number of white inhabitants exceeds 80,000, the number of representatives cannot be less than 36, nor more than 100. The members of the senate are elected for three years, one third being chosen annually. Their number cannot be less than one fourth, nor more than one third of the whole number of representatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people, for two years, on the first Monday in August. At every election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom the executive duties devolve in case of the death, resignation, or absence of the governor. The general assembly meets (at Jackson) annually on the first Monday in November. The right of suffrage is granted to every free white male citizen of the 118 LOUISIANA. United States, of the age of 21 years or upwards, who lias resided within tins state one year next preceding an election, and the last six months within the county, city, or town in which he offers to vote, and is enrolled in the militia thereof, unless exempted by law from military service ; or, having the aforesaid qualifications of citizenship and residence, has paid a state or county tax. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, and such superior and in ferior courts of law and equity, as the legislature may, from time to time, es tablish. The judges of the several courts are elected by the general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, till the age of 65 years. The governor s salary is $2,500- This state sends two representatives to congress. LOUISIANA. LENGTH, 240 miles ; breadth, 210 : containing 48,220 square miles* Between 29 and 33 30 N. lat. and 12 and 17 3 W. Ion. Bounded east by Missis sippi state, and the Gulf of Mexico, and by the river Mississippi from 31 to 33, and thence by the parallel of 31 to Pearl river ; thence by that stream to its mouth ; south by the Gulf of Mexico ; west by the river Sabine, which separates it from the Mexican states, and following that river to the parallel of 32, thence due north to 33, thence due east to the Mississippi, having Arkan sas territory on the north. TABLE OF THE PARISHES AND SEATS OF JUSTICE. Eastern District. Parishes. Pop. 1830. Seats of Justice. Dist. from N. Orleans. Ascension sem 6,400 Donaldson 75 Assumption sem 5,670 Assumption C. H. 90 Baton Rouge, East, m 6,717 Concordia Baton Rouge, Wes*, m 3,092 Baton Rouge 117 Ooncordia ne 4,662 Feliciana, East, em 8,247 Jackson 158 Feliciana, West* em 8,629 St. Francisviile 149 [berville sem 7,050 Iberville 98 Jefferson se 6,846 Coqliille 202 Lafourche Interior s 5,500 Thibadeuxville 108 Orleans se New Orleans, city ty suburbs 3,793 46,310 > NEW ORLEANS Plaquemines se 4,489 Fort Jackson 75 Point Cupee m 5,936 Point Coupee 154 St. Bernard sem 3,356 St. Charles sem 5,107 St. Helena em 4,027 St. Helena 98 St. James sem 7,672 Bringier s 60 St. John Baptist sem 5,700 Bonnet Carre 36 St. Tammany e 2,864 Covington 44 Terre Bonne 2,121 Williamsburg Washington e 2,286 Franklinton 21 Total of East. Dist. 155,318 LOUISIANA. 119 TABLE OF THE PARISHES AND SEATS OF JUSTICE. Continued. Western District. Parishes. Pop. 1830. Seats of Justice* Dist. from N. Orleans. Avoyelles > 3,488 Marksville 240 Catahoula nm 2,576 Harrisonburg 251 Claiborne 1,764 Russelville 441 Lafayette s 5,606 Vermilionville 192 Natchitoches nw 7,926 Natchitoches 354 Rapides w 7,559 Alexandria 272 St. Landry sw 12,552 Opelousas 192 St. Martin s s 7,204 St. Martinsville 176 St. Mary s s 6,442 Franklin 141 Washita n 5,140 Monroe 323 10 Total of West. Dist. 60,257 Population. Slaves. Eastern District 21 155,318 80,421 Western District 10 .60,257 29,210 31 Counties Total of Louisiana 215,575 109,631 Population at different Periods. Population. Slaves. In 1810, 76,556 34,660 1820, 153,407 Increase from 1810 to 1820, 76,851 69,064 1830, 215,575 1820 1830, 62,168 109,631 Population of New-Orleans, in 1802, about 10,000; in 1810, 17,242; in 1820, 27,176 ; in 1830, 46,310. Three quarters of the state are without an elevation, that can be Face of tha properly called a hill. The pine woods generally have a surface of country, a very particular character, rising into fine swells, with table sur- BO|1> &c faces on the summit, and valleys from 30 to 40 feet deep. But they are with out any particular range, and like the waves of a high and regular sea. The alluvial soil is level, and the swamps, which are the only inundated alluvions, are dead flats. The vast prairies which constitute a large portion of the surface of the state, have, in a remarkable degree, all the distinctive aspects of prairies. To the eye they seem as level as the still surface of a lake. They are, except the quaking prairies, higher and drier than the savannas of Flori da. A range of hills commences in gentle elevations in Opelousas, rises gradually, and diverges towards the Sabine. In the vicinity of Natchitoches it preserves a distance intermediate between the Sabine and Red Rivers, and continues to increase in elevation to the western parts of the state. Seen from the Pine Hills above Natchitoches, they have, in the distance, the blue outline of a range of mountains. Another line of hills, not far from Alexandria, commences on the north side of Red River, and separating between the waters of that river and Dudgemony, unites with another line of hills, that bound the alluvions of the Washita, as bluffs, gradually diverging from that river, as they pass beyond the western limits of the state. The new and remote parish taken from Natchitoches, called Claiborne, or Allen s Settlement, is a high and rolling country. There are considerable hills beyond the Mississippi alluvions, east of that river. But, generally speaking, Louisiana is one immense plain divided into pine woods, prairies, alluvions, swamps, and hickory and oak lands. 120 LOUISIANA. The pine woods are generally rolling; sometimes, but not often, level. They have almost invariably a poor soil, sufficiently described in our account of Florida and Alabama. They possess the same character here, except, that creeks are more common, with more extensive and somewhat richer bottoms ; and there is, perhaps, a greater proportion of laurels, oaks and hickories among the pines. The greater proportion of the prairies is second-rate land. Some of those west of Opelousas, and between Washita and Red River, are even sterile. Some parts of the prairies of Opelousas are of great fertility, and those of Attakapas still more so. As a general fact, they are more level than those of the upper country. A large belt of these prairies, near the gulf, is low, marshy, and in rainy weather inundated. A very considerable extent of them has a cold clayey soil, with a hard pan near the surface. In other places the soil is of inky blackness, and disposed in the hot and dry season to crack in fissures, of a size to admit a man s arm. The bottoms are generally rich, but in very different degrees. Those of the Mississippi and Red River, and the bayous connected with those streams, are more fertile and productive than the streams west of them, and between them and the Sabine. The fertility of the richer bottoms of the Mississippi and Red River is sufficiently attested by the prodigious growth of the timber, the luxu riance, size, and rankness of the cane and the cotton, the tangle of vines and creepers, the astonishing size of the weeds, and the strength of vegetation in general. We have measured a fig-tree, and a sumach, both ordinarily con sidered as shrubs, which were larger than a man s body. The richness of the articles of cultivation is sufficiently well known. The cotton on fresh lands of the richest quality grows to the size of a considerable shrub. The districts of Louisiana, which have the richest soil, are the following : 1st. The island of New-Orleans. This is so denominated in geography, and correctly. Not far below Baton Rouge, a bayou, or efflux, called Manshac, or Ibberville, makes out from the Mississippi, which, in its course, receives other waters, until swollen into a considerable river, it falls into lake Maurepas. That again is connected by a narrow gorge with lake Ponchartrain, and that by the rigolets with lake Borgne and the Gulf. The Mississippi insulates it on the other side. Consequently, the island of New-Orleans is a narrow strip of land, stretching between this range of lakes and the river. About one third of the average width of this strip is under cultivation. The other two thirds are swamp. Its front is the eastern bank of the Mississippi ; and its rear is this bayou and this line of lakes. The bayou Manshac, which completes the insular character of this tract, is narrow, and is seldom seen by persons de scending the Mississippi. This tract is the finest part of that rich country, called the coast. The coast is that pajrt of the bottom of the Mississippi, which commences with the first cultivation above the Balize, that is to say, about 40 miles below New-Orleans, and 150 above. This belt on each side of the river is secured by an embankment, called a levee, from 6 to 8 feet in height, and sufficiently broad, for the most part, to furnish a fine highway. The river, in ordinary inundations, would cover the greater part of this belt from two to six feet in depth. It is from one to two miles in width, and per haps a richer tract of land of the same extent cannot be found on the face of the globe. The levee extends something higher on the west than on the east side of the river. Above the levee on the east bank of the river are the par ishes of Baton Rouge, and East and West Feliciana. The latter parish re ceived its name from its pleasant surface of fertile hills and valleys, and its union of desirable circumstances for a planting country. This paris^ presents a spectacle very uncommon in this country, hills that are covered with laurels and forest trees, denoting the richest soil. Here are some of the wealthiest planters and best plantations in the state. Bayou Sarah, the point of shipment for this region, sends great quantities of cotton to New-Orleans. Some of the LOUISIANA. 121 plantations oh this bayou have from 5 to 800 acres under cultivation, worked by a large number of hands. On the banks of the Mississippi, La Fourche, the Teche, and the Vermilion^ below lat. 30 12 N. wherever the soil is elevated above the annual inunda tions, sugar can be produced ; and the lands are generally devoted to this crop* In all other parts of the state, cotton is the staple* The best districts for cottoh are the banks of Red River, Washita, Teche, and the Mississippi. Rice is more particularly confined to the banks of the Mississippi, where irrigation can be easily performed. The quantity of land within the state adapted to the cultivation of the three staples, has been estimated as follows : sugar, 250,000 acres; rice, 250,000; cotton, 2,400,000. Some of the sugar-planters have derived a revenue in some years of $600 from the labor of each of their slaves ; from $350 to $450 is the ordinary calculation* The cultivation of cotton is believed to be equally profitable. The amount of sugar made in Louisiana in 1810, was about 10,000,000 Ibs. ; in 1814, not less than 15,000,000; in 1817, 20,000,000; in 1828, 88,000,000; and in 1830, 100,000,000. The extensive prairie land, in the south-west part of the state, (embracing the district of Opelousas, and the greater part of Attacapas, is most admirably adapted to the rearing of cattle, and has hitherto been used almost exclusively for that purpose. Many of the richer planters on the Teche and Vermilion, have stock farms established on Mermantau and Calcasiu rivers, and count their cattle by the thousand. The population is principally confined to the settlements on the Mississippi* In the upper settlements the inhabitants are principally Canadians; in the middle, Germans ; and in the lower, French and Spaniards. A few years since a majority of the inhabitants were Roman Catholics. The clergy of this order, however, are not numerous ; and the constant introduction of emigrants from the north is effecting a rapid revolution in all the institutions of the country. In journeying from New Orleans to the mouth of Sabine river, we meet with men in every stage of civilization. In New Orleans, and other places on the banks of the Mississippi, the sugar and cotton planters live in splendid edifices, and enjoy all the luxury that wealth can impart. In Attacapas and Opelousas, the glare of expensive luxury vanishes, and is followed by substan tial independence. In the western parts of Opelousas are found herdsmen and hunters ; the cabins are rudely and hastily constructed, and the whole scene recalls to the imagination the primeval state of society. The exports from Louisiana are not confined to its own produce. The bulky articles of all the western states go down the Mississippi, and are cleared out at New Orleans. The value of the exports in 1804, was $1,600,362; in 1806, $3,887,323; in 1815, $5,102,610; in 1817, $13,501,036; and in 1829, $12,386,000. A canal was completed in 1831, connecting New Orleans with Canal lake Ponchartrain. It is 4 miles long, perfectly straight, and its ascent and descent are only 16 inches. There are 10 banks and branches in this state ; 5 at New Orleans, 1 at Baton Rouge, 1 at Donaldson, 1 at Opelousas, 1 at Alexandria, and one at St. Francisville. There are colleges at Jackson and New Orleans. In 1827, the legislature made a grant to each parish in the state, of $2 62 to every voter, to be applied to the education of the indigent ; the amount for one parish not to exceed $1,350, nor to fall short of $800. In consequence of this act, nearly $40,000 are annually appropriated to the education of the poor. The number of periodical papers in 1831 was 12. Q 122 LOUISIANA. Reii ions ^ ne Catholic religion is predominant in Louisiana, and there ar"<y denomina- Catholic churches in all the considerable villages ; but there are few tions. Protestant churches in the state. The Mississippi was discovered by Marquette and Joliette, two French missionaries, in 1673. In 1682, the country was explored by La Salle, and named Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV. A French settlement was begun at Iberville in 1699, and in 1717 New Orleans was founded. In 1803, the extensive country of Louisiana, comprising all the territory now belonging to the United States, lying west of the Mississippi, was purchased of France for the sum of $15,000,000 ; and in 1812, the southern portion of this country was admitted into the Union as an independent state. In the latter part of the last war between Great Britain and the United States,. a very formidable armament invaded the territory of Louisiana, with a view to the capture of New Orleans.- Several thousand volunteers from the adjoining country hastened to the relief of the city, and their energies were ably directed by general Jackson. Four engagements took place, in all of which the British were decisively repulsed. In the last of these, which occurred on the 8th of January, 1815, the loss of the enemy was so great, that he withdrew the remainder of his forces, and desisted from the hopeless attempt. Constitution ^ e constitution of this state was formed in 1812. The legisla- and govern- tive power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, both together styled The General Assembly of the State of Louisiana. The representatives are elected for two years on the first Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday in July. Their number cannot be less than 25, nor more than 50 ^ and they are apportioned according to the number of electors, as ascertained by enumeration every four years. The members of the senate are elected for four years ; one-half being chosen every two years, at the time of the election of the representatives* The state is divided into 16 senatorial districts, in each of which one senator is chosen. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for the term of four years. The people give their votes for a governor at the time and place of voting for representatives and senators ; and on the second day of the succeeding session of the general assembly, the two houses, by a joint ballot, elect for governor one of the two candidates who have the greatest number of votes. The governor s term of office commences on the fourth Monday succeeding his election. The general assembly meets (since 1829, at Donaldson or Donaldsonville) annually,- on the first Monday in January ; except in the years of the election of president of the United States, when it meets on the 3d Monday in November. The right of suffrage is pos sessed by every white male citizen of the United States, of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the county in which he offers to vote one year next preced ing the election, and who in the last six months prior to said election has paid a state tax. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court, which possesses appellate jurisdiction only, and such inferior courts as the legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the governor, with the advice and con sent of the senate, and hold their offices during good behavior. The governor s salary is $7,000. This state sends three representatives to congress* TENNESSEE. TENNESSEE. 123 Boundaries BOUNDED N. by Kentucky ; E. by North Carolina ; S. by Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi ; and W. by Mississippi river, which sepa rates it from Arkansas territory. It lies between 35 and 36 30 N. lat. and between 4 30 and 10 W. long. It is 430 miles long, 104 broad, and con tains 40,000 square miles, or 25,600,000 acres. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. West Tennessee. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Dist. from Nashville. Bedford m 16,012 30,444 Shelbyville 52 Carroll w 9,378 Huntingdon 109 Davidson m Nashville, t&ivn 20,154 22,523 5,566 > NASHVILLE Dickson wm 5,190 7,261 Charlotte 40 Dyer w 1,904 Dyersburg 168 Fayette SID 8,654 Somerville 184 Fentress n 2,760 Jamestown 131 Franklin s 16,571 15,644 Winchester 82 Gibson w 5,801 Trenton 139 Giles s 12,558 18,920 Pulaski 77 Hardiman sw 11,628 Bolivar 158 Hardin sw 1,462 4,867 Savannah 112 Haywood w 5,356 Brownsville 275 Henderson wm 8,741 Lexington 130 Henry nw 12,230 D aris 108 ffickman m 6,080 8,132 Vernon 66 Humphreys wm 4,067 6,189 Eleynoldsburgh 77 Jackson n 7,593 9,902 jainesborough 79 Lawrence s 3,271 5,412 Lawrenceburgh 75 Lincoln s 14,761 22,086 Fayetteville 73 Madison w 11,750 Jackson 147 Maury m 22,141 28,153 Columbia 42 McNairy s 5,697 ^urdy 128 Montgomery n 12,219 14,365 Clarksville 46 Obion nw 2,099 Troy 161 3verton n 7,188 8,246 Monroe 109 Perry wm 2,384 7,038 Shannonsville 114 Robertson n 7,270 13,302 Springfield 25 Rutherford m 19,552 26,133 Murfreesborough 33 Shelby sw 354 5,652 Memphis 224 Smith n 17,580 21,492 Carthage 52 Sumner n 19,211 20,606 Gallatin 25 Stewart nw 8,397 6,988 Dover 81 Tipton w 5,317 ^ovington 197 Warren m 10,348 15,351 McMinnville 74 Wayne s 2,459 6,013 Waynesborough 92 Weakley nw 4,796 Dresden 132 White m 8,701 9,967 Sparta 92 Williamson m 20,640 26,608 Vanklin 18 Wilson nm 18,730 25,477 ^ebanon 31 40 Total of W.Tenn. 287,501 488,448 of whom 124,492 are slaves. 124 TENNESSEE. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. East Tennessee. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830, County Towns. Dist. from Nashville. Anderson m 4,468 5,312 Clinton 195 Bledsoe aw 4,005 6,448 Pikeville 109 Blount e 11,258 11,027 Marysville 197 Campbell n 4,244 5,110 Jacksonborough 215 Carter ne 4,835 6,418 Elizabethtown 316 Claiborne n 5,508 8,470 Tazewell 243 Cocke e 4,892 6,048 Newport 247 Granger em 7,651 10,066 Rutledge 232 Greene e 11,221 14,410 Greenville 273 Hamilton sem 821 2,274 Hamilton C. H. 148 Hawkins ne 10,949 13,683 Rogersville 264 Jefferson e 8,953 11,799 Dandridge 229 Knox em 13,034 14,498 Knoxville 199 McMinn sem 1,623 14,497 Athens 153 Marion s 3,888 5,516 Jasper 114 Monroe se 2,529 13,709 Madisonville 168 Morgan n 1,676 2,582 Montgomery 46 Rhea em 4,215 8,182 Washington 129 Roane e 7,895 11,340 Kingston 159 Sevier e 4,772 5,117 Sevier C. H. 225 Sullivan ne 7,015 10,073 Blountsville 306 Washington e 9,557 10,995 Jonesborough 298 22 Total ofE. Tenn. 135,312 196,374, of whom 17,890 are slaves. West Tennessee East Tennessee Population. 488,448 196,374 Slaves. 124,492 17,890 142,382 1820, 1830, Slave*. 13,584 44,535 80,107 142,382 Towni. Total of Tennessee, 684,822 Population at different Periods. Population. 1800, 105,642 1810, 261,727 Increase from 1800 to 1810, 156,125 420,813 1810 1820, 159,086 684,822 1820 1830, 264,009 The chief towns are Nashville, Knoxville, Murfreesboro , Clarks- ville, Fayetteville, Columbia, Newport, Shelbyville, Jonesboro^ Gallatin, Franklin, Winchester, Memphis, Jackson, Pulaski, Lebanon, Car thage, Charlotte, Reynoldsburg, Springfield, Huntsville, Jonesboro , Mary ville, Clinton, Kingston, M Minnville, and Williamsburg. Nashville is the metropolis and capital. The principal rivers are Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, crs< Clinch, Duck, Holston, French-Broad, Notahacky, Hiwassee, Tellico, Reelfoot, Obion, Forked Deer, Wolf, and Elk river. Tennessee is washed by the great river Mississippi on the west, and the fine rivers Tennessee and Cumberland pass through it in very serpentine courses. The western part is undulating ; some of it level ; in the middle it is hilly ; and the eastern part, known by the name of East Tennessee, abounds in mountains, many of them lofty > and presenting scenery peculiarly grand and picturesque. Of these mountains the Cumberland, or great Laurel Ridge, is the most remark able. Stone, Yellow, Iron Bald, Smoky, and Unaka mountains, join each TENNESSEE. 125 Other, and form in a direction nearly north-east and south-west, the eastern bound ary of the state. North-west of these, and separated from each other by valleys of from 5 to 15 miles wide, are Bay s Mountain, Copper Ridge, Clinch Mountain, Powell s Mountain, and Welling s Ridge. The last four terminate north of Ten nessee river. They are all encircled by valleys, which open passages for rivers and roads, and which together with the numerous cascades, render the views very sublime. Caves of great depth and extent are found throughout the state. The geological formation of this state is wholly secondary, except a small portion of the eastern part, which is transition, and numerous spots on the banks of rivers, which are alluvial. A considerable portion of the state is bed ded on lime-stone. A large deposit of gypsum has been lately discovered. Cop peras, alum, nitre, and lead are among the minerals. Some silver has been found. Coal is supposed to be plentiful. Saltpetre is so abundant as to form a great article of commerce. There are several mineral springs, and many valuable salt springs. The soil in a country so uneven must be very various. The western part of the state has a black, rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excel lent land ; in the eastern, part of the mountains are lean, but there are many fertile valleys. There is a great profusion of natural timber, poplar, hickory, walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-maple, &c., and in many places are great quantities of cane remarkably thick and strong. The state also abounds with medicinal plants, such as snake-root, ginseng, Carolina pink, angelica, senna, annise, spikenard, &c. Tennessee is also well supplied with animals and birds of various kinds, and the rivers abound in divers sorts of fish. The climate is generally healthy. In East Tennessee, the heat is so tempered by the mountain air on one side, and by refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico on the other, that this part of the state has one of the most desirable climates in North America. The middle part resembles Kentucky in climate. The winter in Tennessee resembles the spring in New England. Snow seldom falls to a greater depth than 10 inches, or lies longer than 10 days. Cumberland river has been frozen over but three times since the country was settled. Cattle are rarely sheltered in winter. In the western parts there are some low bottoms on which the inhabitants are subject to bilious fevers, and fever and ague in the autumn. The great business of the state is agriculture. The soil produces abundantly cotton and tobacco, which are the staple commodities. The inhabitants also raise a plentiful supply of grain, grass, and fruit. They export cotton, tobacco, and flour, in considerable quantities ; also saltpetre, and many other articles. The principal commerce is carried on through the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and from them through the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans. This state also supplies Kentucky, Ohio, &c., with cotton for inland manufactures ; and from East Tennessee considerable numbers of cattle are sent to the sea ports on the Atlantic. There are only 3 banks in this state, including a branch of the United States Bank at Nashville, " The Bank of the State," and a private bank of Yeatman Woods & Co., all at Nashville. The state penitentiary is near Nashville, built in 1831, at an expense of about 850,000. It is 3 stories high, 310 feet in length, and 50 feet in width, containing solitary cells. Nashville University, at Nashville, is a respectable institution, with considerable endowments. East Tennessee College is at Knoxville. Greenville College, the oldest in the state, is at Greenville ; and there is a theo logical school at Maryville. The Cherokee Indians possess that part of the state which lies to the south of the Tennessee and Hiwasse rivers. These Indians have made much pro- 120 TENNESSEE. gress in the arts of civilized life, and pay considerable attention to education. There are several missionary stations among them, of which one of the most considerable is Brainerd. Religious The Baptists in this state have 11 associations, 214 churches, 141 denpmina- ministers, and 11,971 communicants ; the Methodists, 125 preachers, and 38,242 members; the Presbyterians, 105 churches, 60 minis ters, 20 licentiates, and 6,814 communicants; the Lutherans, 10 ministers. The Cumberland Presbyterians, computed at about 100,000, reside chiefly in Tennessee and Kentucky. The number of periodical papers in this state is 20. The earliest settlements in this state were made between the years 1765 and 1770, by emigrants from North Carolina and Virginia. The country was included within the limits of North Carolina till 1790, when it was placed under a separate territorial government, denominated the " Territory South of the Ohio ;" and in 1796, the inhabitants formed a constitution, and Tennessee was admitted into the Union as an independent state. The constitution of this state was formed at Knoxville, in 1796. Constitution mi . . . . . . and govern- The legislative authority is vested m a General Assembly, consisting ment- of a senate and house of representatives ; and the members of both houses are elected biennially on the first Tuesday and Friday in August. The number of representatives is 60, who are apportioned among the different coun ties according to the number of taxable inhabitants. The number of senators cannot be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of repre sentatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected at the same time with the senators and representatives ; and who holds his office for the term of two years, but is not eligible more than six years in any term of eight. The general assembly meets (at Nashville) biennially, on the third Monday in September, next following the election ; and it may be called to gether, if necessary, at other times, by the governor* The right of suffrage is granted to every freeman of the age of 21 years, possessing a freehold in the county where he offers his vote, and to every free man who has been an inhabitant of any one county in the state six months immediately preceding the day of election. The judiciary power is vested in such superior and inferior courts, as the legislature may, from time to time, direct and establish. The judges are appointed by a joint ballot of both houses, and hold their offices during good behavior. The governor s salary is 2,000 dollars. This state sends thirteen representatives to congress. KENTUCKY. KENTUCKY is bounded N. by Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio ; E. by Virginia ; S. by Tennessee ; and W. by the Mississippi. It extends from lat. 36 30 to 39 10 N. and from 5 to 10 W. long, from Washington. Length on the southern line, 300 miles. Extent, 39,000 square miles, or 24,960,000 acres. KENTUCKY. 127 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND TOWNS. Counties. Population. Towns. Pop. Dist. from Frankfort. Adair sm 8,220 Columbia 422 91 Allen s 6,486 Scottsville 180 151 Anderson m 4,542 Lawrenceburg 320 12 Barren swm 14,821 Glasgow 617 126 Bath em 8,799 ( Owingsville ^ Sharpsburg 241 158 73 62 Boone n 9,012 Burlington 276 72 t Paris 1,219 43 Bourbon nem 18,434 < Millersburg 470 50 ( Middletown 195 53 Bracken n 6,392 Augusta 691 73 C Hardinsburg 316 118 Breckenridge wm 7,345 < Cloverport 194 129 ( Stephenport 64 116 Butler swm 3,055 Morgantown 76 141 Bullitt nwm 5,660 Shepherdsville Mt. Washington 278 226 74 56 Caldwell w 8,332 Princeton Eddyville 366 167 229 241 Callaway sw 5,159 Wadesborough 163 262 Campbell n 9,893 Newport Covington 717 743 79 79 Casey m 4,342 Liberty 118 66 Christian sw 12,694 Hopkinsville 1,263 206 Clarke m 13,052 Winchester 620 45 Clay se 3,549 Manchester 159 115 Cumberland s 8,636 Burkesville 340 119 Davies wm 5,218 Owensborough 229 150 Edmondson swm 2,642 Brownsville 125 138 Estill em 4,618 Irvine 91 71 Fayette m 25,174 ( Lexington { Athens 6,104 134 25 35 Fleming ne 13,493 Flemingsburg 642 79 Floyd e 4,266 Prestonsburg 81 142 Franklin m 9,251 $ Frankfort I South Frankfort 1,680 307 Gallatin n 6,680 Port William- 324 57 Garrard m 11,870 Lancaster 570 52 Grant nm 2,987 Williamstown 197 44 Graves sw 2,503 Mayfield 44 284 Grayson wm 3,876 Litchfield 166 110 Greene m 13,718 ( Greensburg { Campbellsville 665 126 90 78 Greenup ne 5,853 Greenupsburg 204 132 Hancock wm 1,494 Hawsville 130 Hardin wm 13,148 Elizabethtown 601 80 Harlan se 2,928 Harlan C. H. 168 C Cynthiana 977 38 Harrison nm 13,180 < Leesburg 138 28 f Clay ville 48 50 Hart swm 5,292 ji Munfordsville Woodsonville 193 48 105 < *)k* 128 KENTUCKY. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Population. Towns. Pop. Dist. from Frankfort. Henderson w 6,649 Hendersonville 483 180 Henry nm 11,395 New Castle 539 37 Hickman sw 5,193 ( Clinton I Columbus 81 186 308 Hopkins w 6,763 Madisonville 112 200 C Louisville 10,352 52 Jefferson nwm 24,002 1 Shippingport | Portland 607 398 54 L Williamsville 70 Jessamine m 9,961 ( Nicholasville I North Liberty 409 62 37 Knox se 4,321 Barboursville 139 122 Laurel sem 2,182 Hazle Patch London 15 102 Lawrence e 3,897 Louisa 87 127 Clarksburg 62 96 Lewis ne 5,206 Vanceburg 93 99 Concord 34 Lincoln m 11,012 Stanford Crab Orchard 363 234 51 61 Livingston w 6,607 Salem Smithland 254 388 245 260 Logan s 13,002 Russellville 1,358 171 McCracken w 1,298 { Wilmington I Paducah 12 105 282 279 Madison m 18,035 Richmond 947 50 Mason n 16,203 { Washington I Maysville 868 2,040 63 67 Meade wm 4,111 Brandenburg 331 90 f Harrodsburg 1,051 30 Mercer m 17,606 1 Danville 1 Perryville 849 283 40 40 I Salvisa 78 21 Monroe s 5,125 Tompkinsville 220 144 Montgomery m 10,221 Mount Sterling ( JefTersonville 561 33 60 Morgan em 2,857 West Liberty 50 107 Muhlenberg stem 5,341 Greenville 217 177 C Bardstown 1,625 55 Nelson wm 14,916 < Bloomfield 301 44 ( Fairfield 88 48 Nicholas nem 8,832 Carlisle 430 58 Ohio wm 4,913 Hartford 242 154 f Westport 314 44 Oldham nm 9,563 1 Bedford | Brownsville 104 57 53 41 LLa Grange 27 35 Owen nm 5,792 Owenton New Liberty 143 161 28 36 Pendleton n 3,866 Falmouth 207 60 Perry se 3,331 Perry C. H. 148 Pike e 2,677 Pikeville 49 165 KENTUCKY. 129 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND TOWNS Continued. Counties. Population. Towns. Pop. Dist. from Frankfort. Pulaski sm 9,522 Somerset 231 85 Rockcastle sem 2,875 Mount Vernon 142 73 Russell sm 3,883 ( Jamestown Creelsburg 67 37 109 110 Scott nm 14,677 Georgetown 1,344 17 C Shelbyville 1,201 21 Shelby nm 19,039 < Simpsonville ( Christiansburg 77 78 29 15 Simpson tf 6,099 Franklin 280 165 Spencer m 6,815 Taylorsville 248 35 Todd s 8,801 Elkton Trenton 382 178 186 200 Trigg sw 5,889 Cadiz Canton 168 146 226 235 Union w 4,435 Morganfield 292 205 Warren swm 10,947 Bowling- Green 815 145 1 Springfield 618 50 Lebanon 384 59 Washington m Mackville 83 44 Fredericksburg 58 59 Newmarket 43 65 Wayne s 8,731 Monticello 207 110 Whitely se 3,807 < Whitely C. H. I Williamsburg 50 130 Woodford m 12,294 ( Versailles ) Mortonsville 904 145 13 20 Total 688,8447 of whom 165,350 are slaves. The above Table contains all the towns and villages in Kentucky of which the population is given in the Census of 1830. When two or more towns are given for the same county, the one placed first is the seat of justice. Population. In 1790, 73,677 1800, 220,959 1810, 406,511 1820, 564,317 1830, 688,844 Population at different Periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 147,282 1800 1810, 185,552 1810 1820, 147,806 1820 1830, 124,527 Slaves. 12,430 43,344 80,561 120,732 165,350 The principal rivers of Kentucky are the Ohio, which flows along the state 637 miles, following its windings; the Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, Kentucky, Green, Licking, Big Sandy, Salt, and Rolling. Cumberland mountains form the south-east boundary of this state. The eastern counties, bordering on Virginia, are mountainous and broken. A tract from 5 to 20 miles wide, along the banks of the Ohio, is hilly and broken land, interspersed with many fertile valleys. Between this strip, Green river, and the eastern counties, lies what has been called the garden of the state. This is the most populous part, and is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide, and comprises the counties of Mason, Fleming, Montgomery, Clarke, Bourbon, Fay- ette, Scott, Harrison, Franklin, Woodford, Mercer, Jessamine, Madison, Garrard, Casey, Lincoln, Washington, and Green. The surface of this district is agree ably undulating, and the soil black and friable, producing black walnut, black cherry, honey locust, buckeye, pawpaw, sugar-tree, mulberry, elm, ash, cotton R 130 KENTUCKY. wood, and white thorn. The country between Green and Cumberland rivers is called " the barrens." In 1800 the legislature of Kentucky made a gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the impression that it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent land ; and hogs and cattle are raised in abundance. The whole state, below the mountains, rests on an immense* bed of limestone, usually about eight feet below the surface. There are every where apertures in this limestone, through which the waters of the rivers sink into the earth. The large rivers of Kentucky, for this reason, are more dimin ished during the dry season, than those of any part of the United States, and the small streams entirely disappear. The banks of the rivers are natural curiosities ; the rivers having generally worn very deep channels in the calca reous rocks over which they flow. The precipices formed by Kentucky river are in many places awfully sublime, presenting perpendicular banks of 300 feet of solid limestone, surmounted with a steep and difficult ascent, four times as high. In the south-west part of the state, between Green river and the Cumber land, there are several wonderful caves. The principal productions of Kentucky are hemp, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Salt springs are numerous, and supply not only this state, but a great part of Ohio and Tennessee, with this mineral. The principal manufactures are cloth, spirits, cordage, salt, and maple sugar. Hemp, tobacco, and wheat are the principal exports. These are carried down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans, and foreign goods received from the same place in return.- Louis ville, on the Ohio, is the centre of this trade. The introduction of steamboat navigation on the Ohio has been of incalculable benefit to the commercial and manufacturing interests of Kentucky. There is a tract of country in the south-western part of the state, east and north of Cumberland river, and watered by Green and Barren rivers, about 100 miles in extent, called the barrens, which, a few years since, was a beautiful prairie, destitute of timber. It is now covered with a young growth of various kinds of trees. These, however, do not prevent the growth of grass, and an almost endless variety of plants, which are in bloom during the whole of the spring and summer ; when the whole region is a wilderness of the most beau tiful flowers. The soil is of an excellent quality, being a mixture of clay, loam, and sand. Through this country there runs a chain of conical hills, called knobs. Horses are raised in great numbers, and of the noblest kinds. A handsome horse is the highest pride of a Kentuckian, and common farmers own from ten to fifty. Great numbers are carried over the mountains to the Atlantic states ; and the principal supply of saddle and carriage horses in the lower country is drawn from Kentucky, or the other western states. The horses are carried down in flat boats. Great droves of cattle are also driven from this state, over the mountains, to Virginia and Pennsylvania. In 1828 the value of the cattle, horses, and swine, driven out of the state, numbered and valued at one point of passage, the Cumberland ford, was a million dollars. The returns of the value of exports, agricultural and manu*- factured, in 1829, wanted a number of counties of comprising the whole state ; but this partial return gave 2,780,000 dollars. Mammoth For a very interesting account of this stupendous wonder, we are cave. indebted to Dr. Nathan Ward, who published it in the MONTHLY MAGAZINE, of October, 1816. It is situated in Warren county, and in a terri tory not mountainous, but broken, differing in this respect from all the other caverns hitherto known. The doctor, provided with guides, two large lamps, a compass, and refreshments, descended a pit forty feet deep, and one hundred and twenty in circumference ; having a spring of fine water at the bottom, and conducting to the entrance of the cavern. The opening, which is to the north, is from forty to fifty feet high, and about thirty in width. It narrows shortly utter, but again expands to a width of thirty or forty feet, and a height of KENTUCKY. 131 twenty, continuing these dimensions for about a mile to the first hoppers,* where a manufactory of saltpetre has recently been established. Thence to the second of these hoppers, two miles from the entrance, it is forty feet in width, and sixty in height. Throughout nearly the whole of the distance hand some walls have been made by the manufacturers, of the loose stones. The road is hard, arid as smooth as a flag pavement. In every passage which the doctor traversed, the sides of the cavern were perpendicular, and the arches, which have bid defiance even to earthquakes, are regular. In 1802, when the heavy shocks of earthquakes came on, which were so severely felt in this part of Kentucky, the workmen stationed at the second hoppers, heard, about five minutes before each shock, a heavy rumbling noise issue from the cave, like a strong wind. When that ceased, the rocks cracked, and the whole appeared to be going in this moment to final destruction. However, none was injured, al though large portions of rock fell in different parts of the cavern. In advancing into the cavern, the avenue leads from the second hoppers, west, one mile ; and thence, south-west, to the chief area or city, which is six miles from the entrance. This avenue, throughout its whole extent from the above station to the cross-roads, or chief area, is from sixty to one hundred feet in height, of a similar width, and nearly on a level, the floor or bottom being covered with loose lime-stone, and saltpetre earth. When, observes the doctor, I reached this immense area, (called the chief city,) which contains more than eighty acres, without a single pillar to support the arch, which is entire over the whole, I was struck dumb with astonishment. Nothing can be more sublime and grand than this place, of which but a faint idea can be conveyed, covered with one solid arch at least one hundred feet high, and to all appearance entire. Having entered the area, the doctor perceived five large avenues leading from it, from sixty to one hundred feet in width, and about forty in height. The stone walls are arched, and are from forty to eighty feet perpendicular in height before the commencement of the arch. In exploring these avenues, the precaution was taken to cut arrows pointing to the mouth of the cave, on the stone beneath the feet, to prevent any difficulty in the return. The first which was traversed, took a southerly direction for more than two miles ; when a second was taken, which led first east, and then north, for more than two further. These windings at length brought the party, by another avenue, to the chief city again, after having traversed different avenues for more than five miles. Having reposed for a few moments on the slabs of lime-stone near the centre of this gloomy area, and refreshed them selves and trimmed their lamps, they departed a second time, through an avenue almost north, parallel with the one leading from the chief city to the mouth of the cavern ; and, having proceeded more than two miles, came to a second city. This is covered with a single arch, nearly two hundred feet high in the centre, and is very similar to the chief city, except in the number of its avenues which are two only. They crossed it over a very considerable rise in the centre, and descended through an avenue which bore to the east, to the distance of nearly a mile, when they came to a third area, or city, about one hundred feet square, and fifty in height, which had a pure and delightful stream of water issuing from the side of a wall about thirty feet high, and which fell on a broken sur face of stone, and was afterwards entirely lost to view. Having passed a few yards beyond this beautiful sheet of water, so as to reach the end of the avenue, the party returned about five hundred yards, and passing over a considerable mass of stone, entered another, but smaller avenue to the right, which carried them south through a third, of an uncommonly black hue, rather more than a mile ; when they ascended a very steep hill about sixty yards, which conducted them to within the walls of the fourth city. It is not * A hopper is an inverted cone, into which grain is put at a mill, before it runs between the stones. 132 KENTUCKY. inferior to the second, having an arch which covers at least six acres. In this last avenue, the extremity of which cannot be less than four miles from the chief city, and ten from the mouth of the cavern, are more than twenty large piles of saltpetre earth on the one side, and broken lime-stone heaped on the other, evidently the work of human hands. From the course of his needle, the doctor expected that this avenue would have led circuitously to the chief city, but was much disappointed when he reached the extremity, at a few hundred yards distance from the fourth city. In retracing his steps, not having paid a due attention to mark the entrances oi the different avenues, he was greatly bewildered, and once completely lost him self for nearly fifteen or twenty minutes. Thus, faint and wearied, he did not reach the chief area till ten at night ; but was still determined to explore the cavern as long as his light should last. Having entered the fifth and last avenue from the chief area, and proceeded south-east about nine hundred yards, he came to the fifth area, the arch of which covers more than four acres of level ground, strewed with lime-stone, and having fire-beds of uncommon size, sur rounded with brands of cane, interspersed. Another avenue on the opposite side, led to one of still greater capacity, the walls or sides of which were more perfect than any that had been noticed, running almost due south for nearly a mile and a half, and being very level and straight, with an elegant arch. While the doctor was employed at the extremity of this avenue, in sketching a plan of the cave, one of his guides, who had strayed to a distance, called on him to follow. Leaving the other guide, he was led to a vertical passage, which opened into a chamber at least 1800 feet in circumference, and the centre of the arch of which was 150 feet in height. It was past midnight when he entered this chamber of eternal darkness ; and when he reflected on the different avenues through which he had passed since he had penetrated the cave at eight in the morning, and now found himself buried several miles in the dark recesses of this awful cavern the grave per haps of thousands of human beings he felt a shivering horror. The avenue, or passage which led from it, was as large as any he had entered ; and it is uncertain how far he might have travelled had not his light failed him. All those who have any knowledge of this cave, he observes, conjecture that Green river, a stream navigable several hundred miles, passes over three of its branches. After a lapse of nearly an hour, he descended by what is called the " passage of the chimney," and joined the other guide. Thence returning to the chief area or city, where the lamps were trimmed for the last time, he entered the spacious avenue which led to the second hoppers. Here he found various curi osities, such as spars, petrifactions, &c. ; and these he brought away, together with a mummy, which was found at the second hoppers. He reached the mouth of the cave about three in the morning, almost exhausted with nineteen hours of constant fatigue. He nearly fainted on leaving it, and on inhaling the vapid air of the atmosphere, after having so long breathed the pure air, occasioned by the nitre of the cave ; his pulse beat stronger when within, but not so quick as when on the surface. Here the doctor observes, that he has hardly described half the cave> not having named the avenues between the mouth and the second hoppers. This part of his narrative is of equal interest with what has been already given. He states that there is a passage in the main avenue, more thari nine hundred feet from the entrance, like that of a trap-door ; by sliding aside a large flat stone, you can descend sixteen or eighteen feet in a very narrow defile, where the passage comes on a level, and winds about in such a manner, as to pass under the main passage without having any communication with it, at length opening into the main cave by two large passages just beyond the second hoppers. This Is called the " glauber-salt room," the bat room, and the flint room, together with a winding avenue, which, branching off at the second hoppers, runs west KENTUCKY. 133 and south-east for more than two miles. It is called tho " haunted chamber," from the echo within ; its arch is very beautifully incrusted with lime-stone spar ; and in many places the columns of spar are truly elegant, extending from the ceiling to the floor. Near the centre of this arch is a dome, apparently fifty feet high, hung in rich drapery, festooned in the most fanciful manner, for six or eight feet from the hangings, and in colors the most rich and brilliant. By the reflections of one or two lights, the columns of spar and the stalactites have a very romantic appearance. Of this spar a large cellar, called " Wilkins arm chair," has been formed in the centre of the avenue, and encircled with many smaller ones. The columns of spar, fluted and studded with knobs of spar and stalactites ; the drapery of various colors superbly festooned, and hung in the most graceful manner ; these are shown with the greatest brilliancy by the reflection of the lamps. In the vicinity of the " haunted chamber" the sound of a cataract was heard ; and at the extremity of the avenue was a reservoir of water, very clear, and grateful to the taste, apparently having neither inlet nor outlet. Here the air, as in many other parts of the cave, was pure and delightful. Not far from the reservoir, an avenue presented itself, within which were several columns of the most brilliant spar, sixty or seventy feet in height, and almost perpendicular, standing in basins of water ; which, as well as the columns, the doctor observes, surpasses in splendor and beauty, every similar work of art he had ever seen. Returning by a beautiful pool of water, the doctor came to the second hop pers, where he had found the mummy before alluded to. It had been removed from another cave, for preservation, and was presented to him by his friend, Mr. Wilkins, together with the apparel, jewels, music, &c. with which it was accompanied. It has since been placed in the Washington Museum, the pro prietor of which thinks it probable that this mummy is as ancient as the immense mounds of the western country, which have so much astonished the world. The state penitentiary, at Frankfort, contained, in September, 1830, Penitenti 101 convicts. This institution was formerly an expense to the state ; ary e anThos- but since 1825, under the management of its present keeper (Mr. Joel pltals- Scott), it has more than supported itself. At Lexington there is a Lunatic Asy lum ; at Danville, an Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb ; at Louisville and Smith- land, on the Ohio, hospitals for sick and disabled boatmen. A canal about two miles long, around the falls of the Ohio, at Louis- ville, was finished in 1831, and during 104 days, before it was closed by the ice, 827 boats, of 76,000 tons, passed through, of which 406 were steam boats. A rail-road is in progress from Lexington to the Ohio. The Bank of the United States has offices of discount and deposit _ T banks- at Lexington and Louisville. There are two banks chartered by the state, namely, the Bank of Kentucky and the Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, at Frankfort, formerly hav ing branches in other places ; but they have withdrawn all their branches, and are now winding up their accounts. The state owns a part of the stock of the former of the two banks, and the whole of that of the latter. Transylvania University, in Lexington, is the oldest and most cele- Education brated institution in the western states, and has medical and law schools connected with it. Centre College is established at Danville ; Augusta College, at Augusta; Cumberland College, at Princeton ; and St. Joseph s Col- lege, a respectable Catholic seminary, at Bairdstown. The number of periodical papers in 1831 was 25. The Baptists in this state have 25 associations, 442 churches, 289 Re] . ioug ministers, and 37,520 communicants ; the Methodists, 77 preachers, denomina- and 23,935 members ; the Presbyterians, 103 churches, 61 ministers, 9 licentiates, and 7,832 communicants ; the Roman Catholics, about 30 priests , 134 KENTUCKY. the Episcopalians, 5 ministers ; the Cumberland Presbyterians are also numer ous in Kentucky. The first permanent settlement of this state was begun on Ken tucky river, in 1775, by the famous Daniel Boone, a native of Mary land. It formed a part of Virginia till 1790 ; and in 1792, it was erected into an independent state. On the separation of Kentucky from Virginia, in 1790. a constitu- Constitution . , " , , . , J , . ,. S> __! rt ~ , and govern- tion was adopted which continued m lorce till 1799, when a new one; ment. was f orme( j instead of it ; and this is now in force. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The repre sentatives are elected annually, and are apportioned, every four years, among the different counties according to the number of electors. Their present num ber is 100, which is the highest number that the constitution authorizes ; 58 being the lowest. The senators are elected for four years, one quarter of them being chosen annually. Their present number is 38 ; and they cannot exceed this number, nor fall short of 24. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for four years, and is ineligible for the succeeding seven years after the expiration of his term of office. At the election of governor, a lieu tenant-governor is also chosen, who is speaker of the senate, and on whom the duties of the governor devolve, in case of his absence or removal. The repre sentatives and one quarter of the members of the seriate are elected annually by the people, on the first Monday in August ; the governor is elected by the peo ple, every fourth year, at the same time ; and he commences the execution of his office on the fourth Tuesday succeeding the day of the commencement of the election at which he is chosen. The polls are kept open three days ; and the votes are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. The general assembly meets (at Frankfort) annually on the first Monday in November. The consti tution grants the right of suffrage to every free male citizen (people of color excepted), who has attained the age of 21 years, and has resided in the state two years, or in the county where he offers his vote, one year, next preceding the election. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court, styled the court of appeals, and in such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, erect and establish. The judges of the different courts, and jus tices of the peace, hold their offices during good behavior. The salary of the governor is 2,000 dollars. This state sends 1 3 representatives to congress. OHIO. LENGTH 210 miles; mean breadth, 200 miles: containing 40,000 square miles, and 25,000,000 acres. Between 38 30 and 41 19 N. latitude ; and between 3 31 and 7 41 W. from Washington. Bounded on the N. by the territory of Michigan, and Lake Erie ; E. by Pennsylvania ; S. E. by Virginia, from which it is separated by the Ohio ; S. by the Ohio, which separates it from Virginia and Kentucky; and W. by Indiana. OHIO. 135 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. Sq. M. County Towns. Pop. Dist from Columbus. Adams s 12,278 550 West Union 429 101 Allen wm 578 542 Wapaghkonetta 110 Ashtabula m 14,584 705 Jefferson 270 191 Athens se 9,763 744 Athens 729 73 Belmont e 28,412 536 St. Clairsville 789 124 Brown s 17,867 492 Georgetown 325 104 Butler sw 27,044 486 Hamilton 1,097 101 Champaign wm 12,130 417 Urbana 1,102 50 Clark swm 13,074 412 Springfield 1,080 43 Clermont sw 20,466 515 Batavia 426 109 Clinton sm 11,292 400 Wilmington 607 67 Columbiana e 35,508 865 New Lisbon 1,138 152 Coschocton em 11,162 562 Coshocton 333 84 Crawford Urn 4,778 584 Bucyrus 298 69 Cuyahoga ne 10,360 475 Cleaveland 1,076 138 Dark w 6,203 660 Greenville 160 103 Delaware m 11,523 610 Delaware 532 23 Fairfield m 24,788 540 Lancaster 1,530 28 Fayette sm 8,180 415 Washington 300 45 Franklin m 14,766 520 COLUMBUS 2,437 Gallia s 9,733 495 Gallipolis 755 108 Geauga ne 15,813 600 Chardon, township 881 157 Green swm 15,084 416 Xenia 919 57 Guernsey em 18,036 621 Cambridge 518 83 Hardin wm 500 Hardy 66 Hamilton sw 52,321 , 400 Cincinnati 24,831 112 Hancock nwm 813 575 Findlay 52 114 Harrison e 20,920 450 Cadiz 820 124 Henry nw 260 474 Damascus 161 Highland sm 16,347 555 Hillsborough 564 74 Hocking sm 4,008 432 Logan 97 47 Holmes m 9,133 400 Millersburg 319 80 Huron n 13,345 840 Norwalk 310 113 Jackson s 5,974 492 Jackson 329 74 Jefferson e 22,489 400 Steubenville 2,937 149 Knox m 17,124 610 Mount Vernon 1,021 45 Lawrence s 5,366 426 Burlington 149 135 Licking m 20,864 666 Newark 999 34 Lorain n 5,696 555 Elyria 668 130 Logan wm 6,442 425 Belle Fontaine 266 62 Madison- m 6,190 448 London 249 27 Marion m 6,558 527 Marion " 287 47 Medina nem 7,560 473 Medina, township 622 111 Meigs se 6,159 405 Chester 164 94 Mercer w 1,110 570 St. Mary s 92 111 Miami wm 12,806 444 Troy 504 78 Monroe se 8,770 563 Woedsfield 157 140 Montgomery wm 24,252 450 Dayton 2,965 66 Morgan se 11,796 500 McConnelsvilte 267 70 Muskingum m 29,325 664 Zanesville 3,094 59 Paulding nw 160 432 Perry sm 14,018 402 Somerset 576 46 136 OHIO. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1830. Sq. M. County Towns. Pop. Dist. from Columbus. Pickaway in 15,935 495 Circleville 1,136 26 Pike s 6,024 414 Piketon 271 65 Portage ne 18,827 752 Ravenna* township 806 127 Preble w 16,255 432 Eaton 511 92 Putnam nw 230 576 Sugar Grove 148 Richland nm 24,007 900 Mansfield 840 71 Ross sm 24,053 672 Chillicothe 2,846 45 Sandusky n 2,851 656 Lower Sandusky 351 103 Scioto s 8,730 581 Portsmouth 1,064 91 Seneca nm 5,148 546 Tiffin 248 85 Shelby wm 3,671 418 Sydney 240 .86 Stark em 26,784 780 Canton 1,257 116 Trumbull ne 26,154 875 Warren 510 157 Tuscarawas em 14,298 654 New Philadelphia 410 107 Union em 3,192 430 Marysville 142 37 Van Wert nw 49 432 Willshire 146 Warren swm 21,493 400 Lebanon 1,157 83 Washington se 11,731 670 Marietta 1,207 106 Wayne nm 23,344 660 Wooster 977 86 Williams mv 377 600 Defiance 52 175 Wood mv 1,095 744 Perrysburg 182 135 Total 937,679 40,150 Population at different Periods. Population. In 1790, about 3,000 1800, 45,365 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 43,365 1810, 230,760 1800 1810, 195,395 1820, 581,434 1810 1820, 350,674 1830, 937,637 1820 1830, 356,203 The rivers which flow into Lake Erie on the north, are Maumee, Sandusky, Huron, Vermilion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand, and Ashtabula ; those in the south flowing into the Ohio, are the Muskingum, Hockhocking, Little and Great Miami. The Au-Glaize and St. Mary s in the western part of the state, are branches of the Maumee. The interior and northern parts of the country, bordering on Lake Erie, are generally level, and in some places marshy. Nearly one-third of the eastern and south-eastern part is very hilly and broken. The hills are exceedingly numer ous, but they seldom rise into considerable mountains. Immediately upon the banks of the Ohio, and several of its tributaries, are numerous tracts of interval or meadow land, of great fertility. In the interior, on both sides of the Scioto, and on the Great and Little Miami, are perhaps the most extensive bodies of level and rich land in the state. In many parts there are large prairies, par ticularly on the head waters of the Muskingum and Scioto, and between the Scioto and the two Miamis. Some of these prairies are low and marshy, pro ducing large quantities of coarse grass, from 2 to 5 feet high ; some of which is of a tolerably good quality : other prairies are elevated, and are frequently called barrens ; not always on account of their sterility, for they are often fer tile. The most elevated tracts of country between the rivers, are the wettest and most marshy in the state ; and the driest land is that which borders on the various strearhs of water. Among the forest trees, are oak of various species, maple, hickory, beach, birch, poplar, sycamore, ash, pawpaw, buck-eye, cherry, &c. OHIO. 137 Wheat is the staple of the state. Other sorts of grain, various kinds of fruit, grass, hemp, and flax, are extensively cultivated. From 70 to 100 bushels of Indian corn, it is said, have, in many instances, been produced in a year from one acre. Coal is found in great quantities in the eastern parts. Iron ore has been discovered and wrought pretty ex tensively in several places, particularly on the south of Licking river, 4 miles west of Zanesville, on Brush creek, and in some other places. Salt springs are found on some of the eastern waters of Muskingum, and on Salt creek, 28 miles south-east of Chillicothe, where there are considerable salt works. The summers are warm and pretty regular, though somewhat subject to tornadoes. Spring and autumn are very pleasant ; and the winters generally mild. In some parts near the marshes and stagnant waters, the inhab itants are subject to the fever and ague ; but the climate, generally, is accounted remarkably healthy. Ohio takes the lead among the western states with regard to manufactures. Some of the most important manufacturing towns are Cincinnati, Zanesville, Steu- benville, and Chillicothe. The building of ships has been commenced in this state* for the purpose of carrying its produce to market. These are laden at spring-flood, and descend the rivers in per fect safety to the Atlantic, whence they proceed to the West Indies, or other parts, where they are disposed of, both vessel and cargo. The first ships built here were in 1802, at Marietta. Their frames were almost wholly of black walnut, which is said to be as durable as the live-oak. All the materials for ship-building abound in this country. The exports from this state consist of flour, corn, hemp, flax, beef, pork, smoked hams of venison, whisky, peach-brandy, and lumber. More than half of the exports go to New Orleans ; but much is sent to New York and other Atlantic cities. The Ohio Canal forms a communication between the river Ohio, at Portsmouth, and lake Erie, at Cleaveland, 320 miles in length. The Miami Canal, which is completed from Cincin nati to Dayton, 65 miles, has 22 locks, and cost 8746,000, about 811,000 a mile. It extends through the richest portion of the state, and is the channel of an extensive trade. The Bank of the United States has an office of dis count and deposit at Cincinnati ; and under the authority of the state are the following banks, namely, the banks of Chillicothe, Marietta, St. Clairsville, Steubenville, Mount Pleasant, and Canton ; Franklin Bank of Colum bus, at Columbus ; Lancaster Ohio Bank, at Lancaster ; Urbana Banking Company, at Urbana ; Bank of Scioto, at Portsmouth ; and Western Reserve Bank, at Warren. The principal literary seminaries in this Education state are the University of Ohio, at Athens ; Miami University, at Oxford; Western Reserve Col- S Lake Erie Cleaveland Cuyakoga R> i rfkron 1 Clinton Kendall Bethlehem. Zoar Dover JV. PhUa. Gnadcnfiulton Coskocton Newark *Deep Cut Circleville Chillicotkt Piketon Portsmouth Ohio Rivtr 138 OHIO. lege, at Hudson ; Kenyon College, at Gambler ; and the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati. A system of common schools has been lately introduced by law into this state. " An act to provide for the support and better regulation of common schools" was passed by the legislature in March, 1831, " to take effect and be in force from and after the first day of May" following. This act declar.es> " that a fund shall be raised in the several counties in the state for the use of common schools, for the instruction of the white youth of every class and grade, without distinction, in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and other necessary branches of education; that for this purpose there shall be an nually levied and assessed upon the ad valorem amount of the general list of taxable property in each county of the state, the property of blacks and mu- lattoes excepted, three fourths of a mill on the dollar ; that the trustees of each incorporated township in this state, where the same has not been already done, shall lay off their township into school districts in a manner most convenient for the population." Further provisions are made for carrying the system into effect. Reii ious The Presbyterians in this state have 346 churebes, 192 ministers,, denpmina- 11 licentiates, and 22,150 communicants; the Baptists, 14 associa- tions> tions, 240 churches, 140 ministers, and 8,801 communicants ; the Methodists, 91 preachers, and 36,064 members ; the Lutherans, 37 ministers,, and 8,706 communicants ; the Associate Presbyterians, 65 congregations, 2(> ministers, and 4,225 communicants ; the German Reformed, 82 congregations, and 3,750 communicants; the Episcopalians, 16 ministers; the New Jerusa lem Church, 4 societies ; there are also a considerable number of Friends and Roman Catholics, some Univerjsalists, Unitarians, and Shakers. The number of periodical papers, in 1831, was estimated at 150. The first permanent settlement of Ohio was commenced at Ma rietta, in 1788 ; in 17,80, the country was put under a territorial go vernment, and called the Western Territory, which name was afterwards al tered to the Territory North-west of the Ohio; and in 1802,.k was erected into an independent state. constitu- Tne constitution of this state was formed at ChillJcothe, in, 1802. tion and go- The Legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Repre- vernment. sental i veSj wn ich together are styled The General Assembly of the State of Ohio. The representatives are elected annually on the second Tuesday in October ; and they are apportioned among the counties according to the number of white male inhabitants above 21 years of age. Their number cannot be less than. 36, nor more than 72. The senators are chosen biennially, and are appor tioned according to the number of white male inhabitants of 21 years of age. Their number cannot be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of representatives* The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people for two years, on the second Tuesday in October ; and his term of service commences on the first Monday in December. The general assembly meets annually (at Columbus), on the first Monday ia- December. The right of suffrage is granted to all white male inhabitants, above the age of 21 years, who have resided in the state one year next preceding the elec tion, and who have paid, or are charged with, a state or county tax. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, in courts of common pleas for each county,, and such. other courts as the legislature may, from time to time, establish. The judges are elected by a joint ballot of both houses of tke general assembly for the term of 7 years. This state sends. 19 representatives to congress. Governor s salary, $1,200*. INDIANA, 130 INDIANA. LENGTH, 250 miles ; breadth, 150. Between 87 47 and 41 50 N. lat. and 7 45 and 11 W. Ion. Bounded north by Michigan Territory and lake ; east by Ohio ; south by Ohio river ; and west by Illinois. ITABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Dist. from Indianapolis. Allen ne 1,000 Fort Wayne 141 Bartholomew m 5,480 Columbus 41 Boon swm 622 Thorntown 61 Carroll 1,614 Delphi 88 Cass 1,154 Logansport 113 Clark s 10,719 Charlestown 105 Clay w 1,616 Bowling- Green 69 Clinton 1,423 Frankfort Crawford * 3,184 Fredonia 122 Daviess swm 4,512 Washington 106 Dearborn se 14,573 Lawrenceburg 98 Decatur sem 5,854 Greensburg 55 Delaware em 2,372 Muncytown 59 Dubois swm 1,774 Portersville 124 Elkhart 935 Pulaski Fayette em 9,112 Connersville 68 Floyd se 6,363 New Albany 121 Fountain w 7,644 Covington 81 Franklin se 10,199 Brookville 70 Gibson sw 5,417 Princeton 141 Greene swn 4,253 Bloomfield 76 Hamilton m 1,750 Noblesville 22 Hancock m 1,569 Greenfield 21 Harrison se 10,288 Corydon 124 Hendricks m 3,967 Danville 20 Henry em 6,498 New Castle 49 Jackson sm 4,894 Brownstown 69 Jefferson se 11,465 Madison 85 Jennings sem 3,950 Vernon 64 Johnson m 4,139 Franklin 20 Knox w 6,557 Vincennes 126 Lawrence sm 9,237 Bedford 73 Madison m 2,442 Andersontown 41 Marion m 7,181 INDIANAPOLIS Martin sm 2,010 Mount Pleasant 121 Monroe sm 6,578 Bloomington 51 Montgomery wm 7,386 Crawfordsville 44 Morgan m 5,579 Martinsville 30 Orange sm 7,909 Paoli 94 Owen wm 4,060 Spencer 52 Parke w 7,534 Rockville 68 Perry * 3,378 Rome 143 Pike sw 2,464 Petersburg 119 Posey sw 6,883 Mount Vernon 187 Putnam wm 8,195 Green Castle 42 140 INDIANA. [ TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Diet, from Indianapolis. Randolph e 3,912 Winchester 97 Ripley sem 3,957 Versailles 79 Rush em 9,918 Rushville 40 St. Joseph Scott n se 287 3,097 Tarecoopy New Lexington 89 Shelby m 6,294 Shelbyville 30 Spencer s 3,187 Rockport 167 Sullivan w 4,696 Merom 115 Switzerland s 7,111 Vevay 105 Tippecanoe nwm 7,167 Lafayette 70 Union e 7,957 Liberty 77 Vanderburgh sic 2,610 Evansville 170 Vermilion w 5,706 Newport 86 Vigo w 5,737 Terre Haute 83 Wabash nwm Elk Heart Plain 196 Warren w 2,854 Williamsport Warwick sw 2,973 Boonville 187 Washington sm 13,072 Salem 91 Wayne e 18,587 Centerville 63 64 Total 341,582 Population at different Periods. Population. Slave*. In 1800, 5,641 133 1810, 24,520 Increase from 1800 to 1810, 18,879 237 1820, 147,178 1810 1820, 122,658 190 1830, 341,582 1820 1830, 194,404 This state has had a rapid increase of inhabitants ; yet the greatei part of the land within its limits still belongs to the United States. The following, having the population annexed for 1831, are some of the most considerable towns : New Albany, about 2,500 ; Madison, about 2,000 ; Vin- cennes, about 1,800; Richmond, about 1,500; Indianapolis, about 1,200; Salem, about 1,000. The principal rivers are the Ohio, Wabash, White River, Whitewater, Tip pecanoe, Illinois, Plein, Theakiki, St. Joseph s, and St. Mary s. There are no mountains in Indiana ; the country, however, is more hilly than the territory of Illinois, particularly towards Ohio river. A range of hills, called the Knobs, extends from the falls of the Ohio to the Wabash, in a south-west direction, which in many places produces a broken and uneven sur face. North of these hills lie the flat woods, 70 miles wide. Bordering on all the principal streams, except the Ohio, there are strips of bottom and prairie land ; both together from 3 to six miles in width. Between the Wabash and lake Michigan, the country is mostly champaign, abounding alternately with wood-lands, prairies, lakes, and swamps. A range of hills runs parallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great Miami to Blue River, alternately approaching to within a few rods, and re ceding to the distance of two miles. Immediately below Blue River, the hillsr disappear, and there is presented to view an immense tract of level land, co vered with a heavy growth of timber. North of the Wabash, between Tippe canoe and Ouitanan, the banks of the streams are high, abrupt, and broken, and the land, except the prairies, is well timbered. Between the Plein and Theakiki, the country is flat, wet, and swampy, interspersed with prairies of INDIANA. HI an inferior soil. The sources of rivers are generally in swamps or lakes, and the country around them is low, and too wet for cultivation. There are two kinds of prairies, the river and the upland prairies ; the former are bottoms destitute of timber, and are said to exhibit vestiges of former cultivation ; the latter are from 30 to 100 feet more elevated, and are far more numerous and extensive. Some of them are not larger than a com mon field, while others extend farther than the eye can reach. They are usu ally bounded by heavily timbered forests, and not unfrequently adorned with copses of small trees. In spring and summer, they are covered with a luxuri ant growth of grass and fragrant flowers, from 6 to 8 feet high. The soil of these plains is often as deep and fertile as the best bottoms. The prairies bor dering on the Wabash are particularly rich. Wells have been dug in them where the vegetable soil was 22 feet deep, under which was a stratum of fine white sand. The ordinary depth is from 2 to 5 feet. The principal productions of this state are wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, pulse, beef, pork, butter, whiskey, and peach brandy. Not far from Big Blue River there is a large cave, the entrance of which is on the side of a hill, that is about 400 feet high. Here are found great quanti ties of sulphate of magnesia, or Epsom salt, and of nitre, &c. The climate is generally healthy and pleasant, resembling that of Ohio. The Wabash is frozen over in the winter, so that it may be safely crossed on the ice. In the southern part of Indiana there is a remarkable cave, which abounds in Epsom salts, and which is thus described by Mr. Adams. " The hill in which it is situated is about 400 feet high from the base to the most elevated point, and the prospect to the south-east, in a clear day, is exceedingly fine, commanding an extensive view of the hills and valleys bordering on Big Blue River. The top of the hill is covered principally with oak and chestnut. The side to the south-east is mantled with cedar. The entrance is about mid-way from the base to the summit, and the surface of the cave preserves in general about that elevation ; although I must acknowledge this to be conjectural, as no experiments have been made with a view to ascertain the fact. It is probably owing to this middle situation of the cave, that it is much drier than is common. " After entering the cave by an aperture 12 or 15 feet wide, and in height, in one place, 3 or 4 feet, you descend with easy and gradual steps into a large and spacious room, which continues about a quarter of a mile, varying in height from 8 to 30 feet, and in breadth from 10 to 20. In this distance the roof is in some places arched, in others a plane, and in one place it resembles the inside view of the roof of a house. At the distance above named, the cave forks, but the right hand fork soon terminates, while the left rises by a flight of rocky stairs, nearly 10 feet high, into another story, and pursues a course at this place nearly south-east. Here the roof commences a regular arch, the height of which from the floor varies from 5 to 8 feet, and the width of the cave from 6 to 12 feet, which continues to what is called the * creeping-place, from the circumstance of having to crawl 10 or 12 feet into the next large room. From this place to the pillar, a distance of about one mile and a quarter, the visitor finds an alternate succession of large and small rooms, variously decorated; sometimes travelling on a pavement, or climbing over huge piles of rocks, detached from the roof by some convulsion of nature. The aspect of this large and stately white column, as it heaves in sight from the dim reflection of the torches, is grand and impressive. Visitors have seldom pushed their inquiries further than 200 or 300 yards beyond this pillar. This column is about 15 feet in diameter, from 20 to 30 feet high, and regularly reeded from the top to the bottom." 142 INDIANA. A college has been established at Bloomington : it has a philo- " sophical and a chemical apparatus, and a foundation has been laid for a respectable library. One 36th part of the public lands has been appro priated for the support of schools. There are 20 periodical papers published in this state. Ren ious ^ e Baptists in this state have 11 associations, 181 churches, denomina- 127 ministers, and 6,513 communicants; the Methodists, 34 preach- tlons ers, and 13,794 members ; the Presbyterians, about 50 churches and 20 ministers. Vincennes was settled about the beginning of the last century by tory French emigrants from Canada, and long remained a solitary vil lage. Few settlements were made in the country by citizens of the United States till the end of the century. In 1801, Indiana was erected into a terri torial government, and, in 1816, into a state. It has been settled chiefly by emigrants from the eastern and middle states, and has had a rapid growth, constitu- The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by tion and go- the people for a term of three years, and may be once re-elected. At vemment. ever y e i ec ti O n of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom, in case of the death, resignation, or removal of the governor, the powers and duties of that office devolve. The legislative authority is vested in a general assembly, consisting of a senate, the members of which are elected for three years, and a house of re presentatives, elected annually. The number of representatives can never be less than 36, nor more than 100 ; and they are apportioned among the several counties according to the number of white male inhabitants above 21 years of age. The number of senators, who are apportioned in like manner, cannot be less than one third nor more than one half of the number of representatives. The representatives and one third of the members of the senate, are elected annually on the first Monday in August ; and the governor is chosen on the same day, every third year. The general assembly meets annually (at In dianapolis) on the first Monday in December. The right of suffrage is granted to all male citizens of the age of 21 years or upwards, who may have resided in the state one year immediately preceding an election. The judiciary power is vested in one supreme court, in circuit courts, and in such other inferior courts as the general assembly may establish. The supreme court consists of three judges ; and each of the circuit courts consists of a president and two associate judges. The judges are all appointed for the term of 7 years. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate ; the presidents of the circuit courts, by the legislature ; and the associate judges are elected by the people. The salary of the governor is 1000 dollars. This state sends 7 representatives to congress. ILLINOIS. LENGTH, 350 miles ; breadth, 180 : between 37 and 42 30 N. latitude, and 10 20 and 14 21 W. longitude. It contains 50,000 square miles, and nearly 40,000,000 acres. Bounded on the north by the North-Western Territory. East by lake Michigan, Indiana, and the river Wabash. South by the Ohio, which separates it from Kentucky ; and west, in its whole extent, by the Mis sissippi, which separates it from Missouri, and the Missouri Territory. ILLINOIS. 143 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Population. County Towns. Dist. from Vandalia. Adams t 2,186 Quincy 193 Alexander 1,390 America 181 Bond wm 3,124 Greenville 20 Calhoun u 1,090 Gilead 126 Clark 3,940 Clark C. H. 86 Clay err 755 Maysville 46 Clinton sm 2,330 Carlyle 30 Crawford 3,113 Palestine 118 Edgar t 4,071 Paris 106 Edwards 1,649 Albion 92 Fayette n\ 2,704 VANDALIA Franklin 4,081 Frankfort 102 Fulton } nm Fulton C. H. 133 Henry > n 2,156 Middletown Knox j nm Knox C. H. 188 Gallatin * 7,407 Equality 137 Green n 7,664 Carrollton 106 Hamilton se 2,620 McLeanborough 93 Hancock u 484 Venus 133 Jackson sw 1,827 Brownsville 127 Jefferson sm 2,555 Mount Vernon 65 Jo-Daviess nw 2,111 Galena 326 Johnson 1,596 Vienna 167 Lawrence e 3,661 Lawrenceville 84 Macaupin m 1,989 Carlinville 95 McLean Bloomington Macon wm 1,122 Decatur 70 Madison w 6,229 Edwardsville 55 Marion sm 2,021 Salem 26 Mercer nw 26 Monroe w 2,119 Waterloo 99 Montgomery m 2,950 Hillsborough 28 Morgan wm 12709 Jacksonville 115 Vfacdonough > wm SAKAt Macomb Schuyler $ wm ,ujtr Rushville 172 3 eoria > nm Peoria 43 3 utnam $ n 1,309 Hennepio D erry sm 1,215 Pinckneyville 129 D ike w 2,393 Atlas 148 *ope se 3,323 Golconda 160 Randolph sw 4,436 Kaskaskia. 95 St. Clair w , 7,092 Belleville 71 Sangamon m 12,960 Springfield 79 Shelby m 2,973 Shelbyvilie 40 Fazewell m 4,716 Mackinaw 149 Jnion sw 8,239 Jonesborough 154 Vermilion e 5,836 Danville 150 Wabash. e 2,709 Mount Carmel 109 Warren nw 307 Warren Washington. sm 1,674 Nashville Vayne sem 2,562 Fairfield 69 White se 6,091 Carmi 94 52 Total 157,575, of whom 746 are slaves. 144 ILLINOIS. Population at different Periods. Population. Slave*. In 1810, 12,282 168 1820, 55,211 Increase from 1810 to 1820, 42,929 917 1830, 157,575 1820 1830, 102,364 746 Illinois was admitted into the Union in 1818, and contained that year, by enumeration, 35,220 inhabitants. The Mississippi, Ohio, and Wabash form about two thirds of the whole bound ary of this state. The other most considerable rivers are the Illinois, Kaskas- kia, Muddy, Saline, Little Wabash, Michilimackinack, Crow Meadow, Rainy, Vermilion, Mine, Spoon, Rocky, and Sangamoin. The peninsula between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, has been surveyed for military bounty lands. Congress appropriated for this object 3,500,000 acres ; and the surface actually surveyed amounts to an area about equal to 240 townships, each 6 miles square ; equal to 8,640 square miles, or 5,530,000 acres, nearly. It was necessary that the number surveyed should exceed the number appropriated, as the act of congress provides that the several portions granted shall be fit for cultivation. These lands are described as being very good. The southern and middle parts of the state are for the most part level. The banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present a sublime and picturesque scenery. Several of their tributary streams have excavated for themselves deep and frightful gulfs, particularly those of the Kaskaskia, whose banks near the junction of Big Hill Creek, present a perpendicular front of solid lime-stone 140 feet high. The north-western part of the territory is a hilly, broken country, though there are no high mountains. The climate resembles that of Indiana and Ohio. The low and wet lands in the southern part are unhealthy. The soil has been divided into six distinct kinds. 1. Bottom land, bearing a heavy growth of honey locust, pecan, black-walnut, beach, sugar maple, buck eye, pawpaw, grape vines, &c. This land is of the first quality, and is found in greater or less quantities on all the considerable rivers. It is of inexhaust ible fertility, and is annually cultivated without manure. 2. Newly formed land, found at the mouths and confluences of rivers. It produces sycamore, cotton wood, water maple, water ash, elm, willow, oak, &c. There are many thousand acres of this land at the mouth of the Wabash, and at the confluence of the Ohio with the Mississippi. It is annually inundated, and is unhealthy. 3. Dry prairies, approaching the rivers and bordering on the bottom land, from 30 to 100 feet higher, and from 1 to 10 miles wide. These prairies are desti tute of trees, except where they are intersected by streams of water and occa sional tracts of woodland. It has been estimated that as much as two thirds of the whole state consists of open prairie. The dry prairie has a black rich soil, well adapted to purposes of agriculture, and is covered with rank grass. 4. Wet prairie, found remote from streams, or at their sources. This is generally cold and unproductive, abounding with swamps and ponds, covered with tall coarse grass. 5. Land covered with timber, moderately hilly, well watered, and of a rich soil. 6. Hills, of a sterile soil and destitute of timber, or covered with stinted oaks and pines. The prevailing forest tree in Illinois is oak, of which as many as 13 or 14 different species have been enumerated. Honey locust, black-walnut, mulber ry, plum, sugar maple, black locust, elm, bass wood, beach, buck-eye, hack- berry, coffee nut, sycamore, spice wood, sassafras, black and white haws, crab- apple, wild cherry, cucumber, and pawpaw, are found in their congenial soils throughout the state. White pine is found on the head branches of the Illinois. Copper and lead are found in several parts of the state. Coal has been dis- ILLINOIS. 145 covered in several places, on the Big Muddy in great quantities near Browns ville, on the Kaskaskia near the town of that name, near the town of Edwards, ville on the Illinois, 50 miles above Illinois lake, and in other places. Salt water is found in several places sufficient to furnish immense quantities of salt The famous salt works belonging to the United States are in the vicinity of Shawneetown. Iron ore has also been discovered. Sulphur springs, chalybeate springs, and very strong impregnations of pure sulphurate oif magnesia or Epsom salts, abound in different parts. In the southern part of the state a number of sections of land have been re- served from sale on account of the silver ore which they are supposed to contain. The lead mines in the vicinity of Galena, are very extensive and valuable. The mineral has been found in every portion of a tract of more than 50 miles m extent in every direction, and is supposed to occupy a territory of more than twice that extent. The ore lies in beds, or horizontal strata, varying in thick ness from one inch to several feet. It yields 75 per cent, of pure lead. The staple productions of Illinois are Indian corn, wheat, potatoes, beef, pork, horses, tobacco, and lead. The castor bean is raised, and oil is manufactured from it, but not in large quantities. Good cotton is produced for home con- sumption, and is manufactured extensively in the families of farmers into coarse fabrics, for domestic uses. Hemp, flax, and silk-worms succeed well. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, gooseberries, and currants arrive at great perfection. The wild fruits are grapes, plums, cherries, gooseberries, mulberries, crab-apples, persimmons, blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries. A canal has been projected (not yet commenced) to unite lake internal im- Michigan with the river Illinois, and the national government has P rov ement. made a liberal donation of land in aid of the design. The length will be about 70 miles ; and the cost is estimated at $800,000. Laborers are now employed in the construction of that part of the great National Road, which extends from the town of Vandalia to the eastern bound ary of Indiana, near Terre Haute. The length of this part is 90 miles, and the road is so straight t tat its length is not so much as a mile greater than the distance by a right line between the two extreme points. The Cave in Rock, o* House of Nature, on the Ohio below Shawneetown, is regarded as a great curiosity, and was formerly a rendezvous of robbers. A college has been recently established at Jacksonville, and land p to the amount of 998,374 acres has been given for the support of schools ; but no system of general education has yet been organized in Illinois. The Baptists in this state have 6 associations, 80 churches, 69 R eli , ious ministers, and 2,432 communicants ; the Methodists, 45 preacherSj denSna- and 8,859 members; the Presbyterians, 24 churches, 13 ministers > tlonF and 492 communicants. One of the earliest settlements of the French in the Mississippi valley was made at Kaskaskia, in the latter part of the 17th century. ] Almost all the settlements that have been formed by the citizens of the United States, have been begun since 1800. In 1809, Illinois was erected into a ter ritorial government, and in 1818, into a state. The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consist- Constitu ing of a Senate, the members of which are elected for four years ; tion and go- and a House of Representatives, elected biennially. The number vernment - of representatives shall not be less than 27, nor more than 36, until the num ber of inhabitants within the state shall amount to 100,000; and the number of senators shall never be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of representatives." The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people for four years ; and he is not eligible for more than four years in any term of eight years. At the election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen T 146 MISSOURI. who is speaker of the senate ; and on whom, in case the governor vacates his office, the duties of governor devolve. The representatives and one half of the senators are elected biennially on the first Monday in August ; and the governor is chosen, every fourth year, at the same time. The general assembly meets every other year, (at Vandalia), on the first Monday in December next following the election ; and the governor is authorized to convene it, on extraordinary occasions, at other times. All white male inhabitants, above the age of 21 years, having resided in th3 state six months next preceding an election, have the rights of electors. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the general assembly may establish. The judges are appointed by a joint ballot of both branches of the general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior. The salary of the governor is 1000 dollars. This state sends 3 representatives to congress. MISSOURI. LENGTH, 270 miles ; breadth, 220. It contains 60,000 square miles, and 38,000,000 acres. Between 36, and 40 30 N. latitude, and between 11 17 and 17 30 W. longitude. Bounded north and west by the Missouri Territory , east and north-east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Illinois. South east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Kentucky and Tennessee. South by Arkansas Territory. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Population. County Towns. Distance from Jefferson City. Boon m 8,889 Columbia 56 Callaway m 6,102 Fulton 32 Cape Girardeau se 7,430 Jackson 208 Chariton nm 1,776 Chariton 79 Clay nw 5,342 Liberty 190 Cole- m 3,006 JEFFERSON CITY Cooper m 6,019 Boonville 51 Crawford 1,709 Little Piney 98 Franklin em 3,484 Union 79 Gasconade m 1,548 Gasconade 47 Howard m 10,844 Fayette 65 Jackson w 2,822 Independence 177 Jefferson e 2,586 Herculaneum 164 Lafayette w 5,921 Lexington 138 Lincoln e 4,060 Troy 97 Madison 2,371 Fredericktown 170 Marion ne 4,839 Palmyra 190 Monroe Monroe C. H. 129 Montgomery em 3,900 Lewistown 67 New Madrid se 2,351 New Madrid 278 Perry e 3,377 Perryville 187 Pike ne 6,122 Bowling Green 132 Rails ne 4,346 New London 167 Randolph nm 2,962 Randolph 96 Ray n 2,657 Richmond 149 MISSOURI. 147 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Population. County Towns. Distance from Jefferson City. St. Charles e 4,322 St. Charles 123 St. Francois sem 2,386 Farmington 152 St. Genevieve e 2,182 St. Genevieve 168 St. Louis e 14,907 St. Louis 134 Saline nm 2,893 Walnut Farm 85 Scott se 2,136 Benton 236 Washington em 6,797 Potosi 127 Wayne 3,254 Greenville 200 33 Total 140,074, of whom 24,990 are slaves. Population. In 1810, 19,833 1820, 66,586 [1824, 80,677] 1830, 140,074 Population at different Periods. Increase from 1810 to 1820, 46,^53 1820 1830, 73,488 Slaves. 3,011 10,222 24,990 A great proportion of the land in this state is of the richest kind, producing corn, wheat, rye, oats, flax, hemp, and tobacco, in great abundance. The lands bordering on the Missouri, are exceedingly rich. They consist of a stratum of black alluvial soil of unknown depth. As you recede from the banks of the rivers, the land rises, passing sometimes gradually, and sometimes abruptly into elevated barrens, flinty ridges, and rocky cliffs. A portion of the state is, therefore, unfit for cultivation, but this part of the state is rich in mineral trea sures. The land is either very fertile or very poor ; it is either bottom land, or diff, either prairie or barren ; there is very little of an intermediate quality. The climate is remarkably serene and temperate, and very favorable to health. The most remarkable feature in Missouri is its lead mines, which are proba bly the most extensive on the globe. They occupy a district between 37 and 38 N. lat. and between 89 and 92 W. long, extending from the head waters of St. Francis river in a north-west direction, to the Merrimack, a distance of 70 miles in length, and about 45 miles in breadth. They cover an area of more than 3,000 square miles. The ore is of the richest and purest kind, and exists in quantities sufficient to supply all the demands of the United States, and allow a large surplus for exportation. Quantity of Lead made at U. S. Lead Mines annually, from 1821 to 1831. Fever River. Missouri. Total. Ibs. of lead made from 1821 to 30 Sept. 1823 835,130 335,130 do. for the year ending 30 Sept. 1824 175,220 . . . 175,220 do. do. do. 1825 664,530 386,590 1,051,120 do. do. do. 1826 958,842 1,374,962 2,333,804 do. do. do. 1827 5,182,180 910,380 6,092,560 do. do. do. 1828 11,105,810 1,205,920 12,311,730 do. do. do. 1829 13,343,150 1,198,160 14,541,310 do. do. do. 1830 8,323,998 8,060 8,332,058 do. do. do. 1831 6,381,900 67,180 6,449,080 Total, 46,470,820 5,151,252 51,622,072 148 MISSOURI. Operations of the Lead Mines, for the yi >ar ending * Fever River. September 30, 1831. Missouri. Total. 6,381,900 67,180 3,359 6,449,030 322,454 124,736 *Pounds of lead which have accrued as rent Rents remaining due 30th September, 1830 Total rents due in the year ending 30th Sep tember 1831 . . 319,095 124,736 443,831 271,627 3,359 3,359 3, by order of 447,190 274,986 Pounds of lead received as rent in 1831 Rents remaining due the 30th Sept. 1831 . * Rents reduced from 10 to 5 per cent, on the amoui of War, January 15th, 1830. 172,204 it of lead mad 172,204 the Secretary Besides the great rivers Mississippi and Missouri, this state is watered by va rious others of considerable magnitude. The largest are the Osage, Grand, Chariton, Gasconade, Merrimac or Maramec, Washita, and St. Francis. The Osage is a large river, navigable for boats 660 miles. steamboat St. Louis is 1200 miles, by the course of the river, above New n frorn st" Orleans, and is, next to that city, the largest and most commercial Louis, town on the Mississippi. In the summer of 1831, there were six steamboats regularly employed between St. Louis and New Orleans. A trip from one place to the other and back again usually occupies 24 days ; the shortest time in which one was ever made, 18 days. The usual fare for cabin passengers descending, 820 ; ascending, $25 ; for deck passengers, $5 either way. Freight per lOOOlbs. descending, 37^ cents; ascepding, 62^ cents. From St. Louis to Louisville, 630 miles : 6 boats regularly running, in 1831 : usual time of a trip 10 or 11 days ; the passage one way usually being some what more than three days ; fare of cabin passengers about $15, either way ; deck passengers, $4 : freight about 25 cents per lOOlbs. One boat also ran regularly to Cincinnati, 150 miles above Louisville. From St. Louis to Fever River, about 480 miles : 3 steamboats regularly employed in 1831 : time occupied by a trip, about 10 days : fare for passengers ascending, $15 ; descending, $9. The route of one of the boats occasionally extended to St. Peter s River, 400 miles further up. In 1831, two boats were employed in running from St. Louis up the Missouri to Franklin, 200 miles, and to Fort Leavenworth, 200 miles further : freight to Franklin 75 cents per lOOlbs., and to Fort Leavenworth from $1.25 to $1.50: from Franklin down, 25 cents per lOOlbs. From St. Louis to Pekin, on Illinois river, 180 miles : two or three boats regu larly employed in 1831. Steamboats come occasionally to St. Louis from Pittsburg and other places. Education ^ ^ ou ^ s College and another seminary at a place called Bois Brule Bottom, in the southern part of the state, both Catholic institutions, are the most considerable literary seminaries in Missouri. A portion of the public lands have been granted by congress for the support of schools ; but no provision for education has been made by the legislature of the state, except the passing of some laws relating to the lands granted by congress. Religious ^ e Baptists in this state have 9 associations, 111 churches, 67 deno mTna- ministers, and 3,955 communicants ; the Methodists, 23 preachers tions. am j 3^403 members; the Presbyterians, 17 churches, 10 ministers, and 605 communicants; the Roman Catholics, a considerable number of churches and priests ; the Episcopalians, 3 ministers. There are 12 periodical papers in the state. There is a branch of the United States Bank at St. Louis, which is the only bank in the state. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 149 The constitution of this state was formed at St. Louis, in I 820 - Con9tituti The legislative power was vested in a General Assembly, consisting and 9 govern n of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The representatives ment - are chosen every second year. Every county is entitled to at least one repre sentative; but the whole number can never exceed 100. The senators are elected for four years, the seats of one half being vacated every second year. The constitutional number is, not less than 14, nor more than 33. They are chosen by districts, and are apportioned according to the number of free white inhabitants. The elections for representatives and senators are held biennially on the first Monday in August, The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for four years, on the first Monday in August ; and he is ineligible for the next four years after the expiration of his term of service. At the time of the election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is, by virtue of his office, president of the senate. The legislature meets every second year (at the City of Jefferson,) on the first Monday in November. The right of suffrage is granted to every white male citizen, who has attained the age of 21 years, and has resided in the state one year before an election, the last three months thereof being in the county or district in which he offers his vote. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in a chancellor, circuit courts, and such other inferior tribunals as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. The judges are appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and con sent of the senate ; and they hold their offices during good behavior, but not beyond the age of 65 years. The governor s salary is 1500 dollars. This state sends two representatives to congress. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. THE District of Columbia is a tract of country, 10 miles square, on both sides of Potomac river, 120 miles from its mouth. It was ceded to the United States by Maryland and Virginia in 1790, and in 1800 became the seat of the general government. It is under the immediate government of congress. Counties. Population. Chief Towns. Alexandria, 9,608 Alexandria. Washington, 30,250 WASHINGTON. Total, 39,858 Population at different Periods. Population. Slaves. In 1800, 14,093 3,244 1810, 24,023 Increase from 1800 to 1810, 9,930 5,395 1820, 33,039 1810 1820, 9,016 6,377 1830, 39,858 1820 1830, 6,819 6,056 The surface of the District of Columbia is generally very pleasantly diver sified by hill and dale. The soil, in its natural state, is sterile. The climate is esteemed very healthy. The latitude of the Capitol is 38 52 45" north, ana within a very small fraction, 77 west from London. The mean temperature about 55 Fahrenheit ; similar to that of Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore, and Richmond. The situation of the District is such that it has become the centre of a very extensive commerce. The quantity of flour and other domestic produce, brought ftO FLORIDA. down the Potomac annually is very considerable. The principal shipping interest of this district centres at Alexandria, but extensive business is also done at Georgetown. The amount of exports in 1830 was 753,973 dollars, and the shipping about 21,750 tons. At the junction of the east branch with the Potomac, the United States have a navy-yard, to which vessels of the largest tonnage can ascend. There are three colleges in the District : Columbia College, a seminary chiefly under the direction of the Baptist denomination, is situated near Washington ; Georgetown College, a Roman Catholic institution, at Georgetown ; and an Episcopal Theological Seminary in the vicinity of Alexandria. The number of banks in 1831 was 10, including a branch of the United States Bank at Washington. Reii ious ^ e Baptists in this district have 18 churches, 10 ministers, and denomina- 1,658 communicants ; the Presbyterians, 9 churches, 11 ministers, 5 tions. licentiates, and 996 communicants ; the Methodists, 1,400 members ; and the Episcopalians, 5 ministers ; the Catholics, several churches ; the Uni tarians, 1 minister. FLORIDA. FLORIDA is bounded north by Georgia and Alabama, east by the Atlantic, south and south-west by the gulf of Mexico, and west by Alabama. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. County Towns. Dist. from Tallahassee. r Escambia nw 3,386 Pensacola 242 West 1 Jackson ^ Marianna 77 Florida. 1 Walton V w 6,092 Alaqua 161 L Washington j m Holmes Valley 121 IGadsden nm 4,894 Quincy 23 Hamilton nm 553 Miccotown T P Jefferson nm 3,312 Monticello 20 Leon nm 6,493 TALLAHASSEE Madison 525 Hickstown f Alachua m 2,204 Dell s 178 East j Duva11 . ne 1,970 Jacksonville 252 733 Timoka \ Nassau ne 1,511 Fernandina 313 I St. John s e 2,535 St. Augustine 292 S. Florida. Monroe s 517 Key West 15 Total 34,723, of whom 15,510 are slaves. The surface of Florida is in general level and not much elevated above the sea. It is intersected by numerous ponds, lakes, and rivers, particularly the St. John s river, which runs through nearly the whole length of the Peninsula from south to north. A quarry of stone commences at the island of Anastasia, and extends to the south, not exceeding three miles in width. The stone is a concretion of shells ; it is soft when the quarry is first opened, but becomes hard upon exposure to the air, and is of excellent use in building. The south ern part of the peninsula is a mere marsh, and terminates at Cape Sable in heaps of sharp rocks, interspersed with a scattered growth of shrubby pines. The gulf stream setting along the coast has here worn away the land, forming those islands, keys and rocks, known by the general name of Martyrs and FLORIDA. 151 Pinerais, and by the Spaniards called cayos, between which and the mainland is a navigable channel. These islands contain some settlements and many good harbors. The eddies which set towards the shore from the gulf stream cause many shipwrecks on this part of the coast, furnishing employment to the Bahama wreckers. The rivers and coasts of Florida yield a variety of fish, among which are the sheepshead, mullet, trout, and bass, and abundance of shell-fish, as oysters, shrimps, crabs, &c. The soil of Florida is in some parts, especially on the banks of the rivers, equal to any in the world ; in other parts, it is indifferent ; and there are large tracts which are represented to be of little value. The country, however, has been but imperfectly explored, and few agricultural experiments have been made. Much of the land, which, on a superficial view, has been supposed to be not worth cultivating, it is believed may be turned to very profitable account. Owing to its proximity to the sea on both sides, this peninsula has a milder climate than the country to the west of it, in the same latitude. The productions are corn, rice, potatoes, cotton, hemp, olives, oranges, and other tropical fruits, and it is supposed that coffee and the sugar cane will flourish here. The pine barrens produce grass, which supports an immense number of cattle. The forests yield fine live-oak, pitch, tar, and turpentine, and lumber has been exported for nearly a century. Among the most fertile lands are Forbes Purchase, and the Alachua Savannah, The climate, from October to June, is generally salubrious ; but the months of July, August, and September, are extremely hot and uncomfortable; and during this season, fevers are prevalent. At St. Augustine, however, the climate is delightful, and this place is the resort of invalids. The principal rivers are St. John s, Apalachicola, Suwanee, St. Mark s, Oclockonne, and Connecuh. The lakes are Macaca, and Lake George. The principal bays are Pensacola, St. Rosa, Apalachie, Tampa, Charlotte Harbor, and Chatham Bay. The Florida canal extends from the mouth of the river St. Mary s, to Apa- iachie Bay ; length, 250 miles. 1 PROFILE VIEW OF THE FLORIDA CANAL. The capes are Cannaveral, Florida, Sable, Romans, and St. Bias. The chief towns are Pensacola, St. Augustine, Jacksonville, and Tallahassee, the capital. The bank of Florida is at Tallahassee, and the only one in the Territory. The salary of the governor is 2,500 dollars. MICHIGAN TERRITORY. LENGTH, 250 miles; breadth, 135: containing 33,950 square miles, and 21,600,000 acres, Between 41 31 and 45 40 N. lat. ; and between 5 12 and 10 W. Ion. from Washington. Bounded on the north by the straits of Michilimackinac ; east by lakes Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, and their waters ; south by Ohio and Indiana j and west by lake Michigan. 152 MICHIGAN TERRITORY TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Population. County Towns. Distance fr. Detroit. Berrien 323 Niles 179 Cass 928 Edwardsburg 169 Jackson Lenawee s 1,491 Jacksonopolis Tecumseh 88 63 Macomb se 2,414 Mount Clemens 26 Michilimackinac n 877 Mackinac 321 Monroe se 3,187 Monroe 36 Oakland sem 4,910 Pontiac 26 St. Clair 1,115 St. Clair 59 St. Joseph 1,313 White Pigeon Prairie Van Buren 5 Washtenaw sm 4,042 Ann Arbor 42 Wayne se Detroit, city 4,565 > 2,222 $ DETROIT Counties west of Lake Michigan^ which are under its government. Brown 964 Menomonie Chippewa 625 Sault de Ste. Marie 356 Crawford 692 Prairie du Chien 598 Iowa 1,589 Helena 17 Total 31,260, of whom 27 are slaves. Michigan territory is a large peninsula, something resembling a triangle, with its base resting upon Ohio and Indiana. Three quarters of its extent are surrounded by the great lakes Huron and Michigan. It is generally a level country, having no mountains, and not many elevations that might properly be called hills. The centre of the peninsula is table land, elevated, however, not many feet above the level of the lakes, and sloping inwards. The eastern parts of this territory, from various circumstances, became first settled. Within the few last years a great mass of emigrants have begun to spread themselves over this fine and fertile country. Situated, as it is, be tween the west, the south, and the east, with greater facilities for extensive inland water communication than any other country on the globe, with a fertile soil, of which millions of acres are fit for the plow, with a healthful climate, and with a concurrence of circumstances inviting northern population, there can be no doubt that it will soon take its place as a state, and rival its western sister states. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, turnips, peas, apples, pears, plums, cherries, and peaches are raised easily and in abundance. It is a country more favorable to cultivated grasses than the western country. In short, it is peculiarly fitted for northern farmers. No inland country, according to its age, population, and circumstances, has a greater trade. A number of steamboats and lake vessels are constantly plying in this trade, which is with Mackinack, Detroit, Chicago, and Ohio. The amount of foreign exports, in 1831, was $53,290. The climate of this region, in consequence of its being level and peninsular, and surrounded on all sides but the south with such immense bodies of water, is more temperate and mild than could be expected from its latitude. The southern parts have mild winters, and the spring opens as early as in any part of the United States in the same latitude : the position of the northern parts must subject it to a Canadian temperature. The winter commences here early in November, and does not terminate until the end of March. At De troit, in 1818, the mean heat of January was 24, and in 1820, the rncan heat NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 153 of July was 69, of December 27. At Mackinack, the most northern settle ment in the United States, the mean heat of October was 45 ; of November 32 ; and of December 21. The Methodists in this territory have 11 preachers and 675 mem- Religioug bers ; the Presbyterians, 6 churches and 6 ministers ; the Episcopa- denomina- lians, 5 ministers; the Baptists, 1 association, 2 ministers, and 187 communicants ; the Roman Catholics, several priests. The governor s salary is 2,000 dollars. Detroit, the capital of Michigan, was settled by the French about tory the year 1670. In 1805, the country was erected by the congress of the United States into a separate territorial government; in 1812, it was taken by the British under general Brock; and in 1813, it was recovered by the army of the United States under general Harrison. NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. NEARLY 500 miles in length, and 400 in breadth. Between 42 30 , and 49 N. latitude, and 10 31 , and 18 30 W. longitude from Washington. Bounded east by Lake Michigan; north by Lake Superior and the British possessions ; west by the Mississippi, and a line drawn from its source to the northern boundary, which separates it from Missouri Territory. The most accurate account of this country is to be found in Long s Second Expedition. It is generally a hilly country, with the exception of extensive level prairies At the western extremity of Lake Superior are the Cabotian Mountains ; and near the mineral district the Smoky Mountains. In some of its features, this country resembles Missouri Territory ; but has greater proportions covered with wood. The chief rivers, except the Mississippi, are Ouisconsin river, Fox, Chippeway, St. Croix, Rum, St. Francis, and Savanna of the Mississippi ; Grand Portage, Ontonagon, Montreal, Mauvaise, Bois Brule, St. Louis, and nearly 50 smaller streams are waters of Lake Superior. Riviere la Pluie falls into the Lake of the Woods. None of the lake rivers have a course of more than 150 miles, and few more than 50 miles. The largest river of the Mississippi in this Territory, is Ouisconsin, which rises in the northern interior of the country, and interlocks with the Montreal of Lake Superior. It has a course of between 3 and 400 miles, with a shallow and rapid current, which is, however, generally boatable in good stages of the water, and is 800 yards wide at its mouth. There is a portage of only half a mile between this and Fox river. It is over a level prairie, across which, from river to river there is a water communication for periagues in high stages of the water. This is a fine region for hunters. In the upper part of the country, buffaloes, elk, bears and deer are common. Beavers, otters, and muskrats are taken for 154 NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. their furs. The trappers and savages roam over immense prairies in pursuit of their objects. In some parts of it the soil is fertile. White and yellow pine, and white birch are common among the forest trees. All the water-courses, ponds, and marshes are covered with wild rice, which constitutes a considera ble part of the nourishment of the inhabitants. The head waters of the Mis sissippi are estimated to be 1,330 feet above the level of the sea. It is a country abundant in minerals. In it are found great quantities of the terre verte, or green earth, lead, copper and iron. The lead-mine district is in the lower part of the country, between Rock river and the Ouisconsin. On Fever river are the chief establishments of the present miners, and the mines are probably as rich and as abundant as any in the world. It has been assert ed, for half a century, that great quantities of native copper are found along the northern shore of Lake Superior. On the Ontonagon are great quantities of pure copper in detached masses. A single mass is estimated to weigh 3,000 pounds. More recent and intelligent travellers have not realized the expecta tions that have been raised in respect to finding this metal. But lead and iron are found in various places ; and sufficient indications of the existence of mines of copper. The southern part of this extensive region possesses a climate compara tively mild, and not much unlike that of the northern belt of Missouri. At the Falls of St. Anthony the summers are temperate, and the winters extremely cold. The sources of the Mississippi are in a region severely inclement. At St. Peters, in 1820, the mean temperature of January was zero, a degree of cold not felt in any part of the United States that is much settled. The sum mer was temperate, and the atmosphere beautifully serene. Even at Prairie du Chien, though much more temperate, the winters are very severe. On the 19th July, near the Falls of Packagama, the elevation being 1,200 feet above the level of the sea, " the night was so cold that the water froze upon the bottoms of the canoes, and they were incrusted with a scale of ice of the thickness of a knife-blade. The thermometer stood at 36 at sunrise. There had been a heavy dew during the night, which was succeeded by a dense fog in the morning, and the forenoon remained cloudy and chilly." Green Bay Settlement is situated at the outlet of Fox river, and contains 952 inhabitants. A few miles up Fox river of this bay, in a most romantic posi tion, is an interesting Episcopal missionary establishment. There are two or three other incipient establishments of hunters and trappers. Prairie du Chien is a considerable village. There are flour-mills near it It is a place of im portance as an outlet from the Lower Mississippi to the upper waters. It is situated near a beautiful prairie. The position of the village has been recently inundated. Most of the permanent inhabitants have Indian blood in their veins. At certain seasons of the year it is populous, bustling, and busy. Curious modes of justice and of dispatching business have been adopted here by pre scription. The inhabitants of this village and settlement amount to 492. Fre quent voyages are made from St. Louis to this place in keel-boats. The richest copper mines, and large masses of pure copper, are found here. This vast region has hitherto been politically connected with Michigan Ter ritory ; but as that Territory has as distinct geographical limits as any state in the Union, and this region is only connected with that by circumstances of a temporary nature, it is evident that this country ought to be viewed, at least geographically, as a territory by itself. Prairie du Chien, Cassville, and Green Bay are the largest villages, and the whole population is rated at 16,000. Three thousand immigrants for this coun try passed through Buffalo in a single week. ARKANSAS TERRITORY. 155 ARKANSAS TERRITORY. GREATEST length 500 miles. Medial length 300. Breadth 240. It con tains more than 50,000 square miles. Between 33 and 36 30 N. latitude ; and 13 and 23 W. longitude from Washington. Bounded north by Missouri and the territory beyond ; east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Ten nessee and Mississippi ; south by Louisiana and the Mexican states ; west by those states. It was erected into a territorial government in 1819, and contains 25,667 whites, and 4678 blacks total 30,383. The limits of this great region are strongly defined by physical and geographical lines. These lines are for the most part large rivers, and the ocean of prairies beyond. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. County Towns. Dist. from Little Rock. Arkansas e 1,423 Arkansas 114 Chicot se 1,165 Villemont 184 Clark em 1,369 Clark C. H. 87 Conway em 982 Harrisburg 40 Crawford m 2,440 Crawford C. H. 136 Crittenden ne 1,272 Greenock 168 Hempstead s 2,507 Hempstead C. H. 130 Hot or Warm Spring m 458 Warm Spring 60 Independence n 2,032 Batesville 102 Izard n 1,266 Izard C. H. 172 Jackson 333 Litchfield Jefferson 772 Lafayette s 748 Lafayette C. H. 182 Lawrence ne 2,806 Jackson 152 Miller sw 358 Miller C. H. 228 Monroe 461 Jacob s Staff 84 Phillips e 1,152 Helena 124 Pope 1,483 Scotia 81 Pulaski m 2,395 LITTLE ROCK St. Francis 1,505 Franklin Sevier 636 Paraclifta 168 Union 640 Corea Fabre Washington 2,181 Fayetteville 217 23 Total 30,383, of whom 4,578 are slaves. The soil exhibits every variety, from the most productive to the most sterile. The indigenous forest-trees are specifically numerous, and very large. The principal species are, oak, hickory, ash, sycamore, cotton-wood, linden, maple, three or four species, locust and pine. The cultivated fruit-trees are the apple, pear, peach, plum, nectarine, cherry and quince. The various kinds of small grain succeed well, such as wheat, rye, oats, barley, and maize. Garden plants are abundant, and grow luxuriously. In metallic wealth, Arkansas is productive in iron ore, gypsum, and common salt. Cotton, Indian corn, flour, peltry, salted provisions, and lumber, are the staples of the territory. Arkansas was among the most ancient settlements of the French in Louisiana. That nation had a hunting and trading post on the Arkansas river as early as the beginning of the eighteenth century ; but, from the peculiar situation of the adja cent country, the settlements upon that river made little advance before the transfer of Louisiana to the United States. Since that period, Arkansas has been involved in the various vicissitudes of the country of which it formed a, 156 MISSOURI TERRITORY. part ; and on the formation of Missouri into a state, became a territory of the United States. The Arkansas Territory was erected into a separate government in 1819, extending from the Mississippi to Mexico; but in 1824, the western limit was restricted to a line beginning 40 miles the west of the south-west corner of the state of Missouri, and running south to Red river. The Hot Springs, towards the sources of the Washita, are much visited by invalids. The waters are pure and limpid, with little or no mineral properties, and their ordinary temperature is said to be that of boiling heat. Reii ious ^e Metjiodists in this territory have 7 preachers and 983 mem- denpmina- bers ; the Baptists, 1 association, 8 churches, 2 ministers, and 88 tions. communicants ; the Roman Catholics, several priests ; the Presbyte rians, 3 or 4 ministers ; and the Episcopalians, 1 minister. The governor s salary is 2,000 dollars. MISSOURI TERRITORY. THIS vast extent of country, lying between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, comprises the greater part of the western slope of the Mississippi valley, and is almost wholly uninhabited, except by Indians. A belt of country, extending from 200 to 400 miles to the west of the Mis sissippi, is covered, in great part, with forests. To the west of this is found a vast region of plains reaching to the Rocky Mountains ; in some parts it is fertile and covered with grass, and in others sandy and sterile. It has been compared to the steppes of Central Asia, and some portions of it to the African desert of Sahara. The margins of the lower courses of the rivers that enter the Mississippi from this region are wooded ; but in ascending towards the mountains, the trees gradually diminish, and at length entirely disappear. To the west of these plains the Rocky Mountains rise up in an abrupt man ner, presenting a steep front, with many frowning rocky precipices, and having many summits covered with perpetual snow. It is a singular fact that, between the sources of the La Platte and the Buenaventura, there is an opening through this range which admits the passage of loaded wagons. The largest rivers of this country are the Missouri and its tributaries, the Konsas or Kansas, La Platte, and Yellowstone. The Great Falls of the Missouri, which are 2570 miles by the river from the Mississippi, consist of a succession of cataracts and rapids, amounting in the whole to 350 feet. The largest cataract, which is 87 feet perpendicular, presents a scene of much beauty and grandeur. The place where the Missouri seems to have torn for itself a passage through the mountain ridge, called the Gates of the Rocky Mountains, is described as a very sublime spectacle. The river flows through a chasm more than five miles long, where the rocks rise perpendicularly from the water s edge to the height of nearly 1200 feet. The stream is here compressed to the width of 150 yards ; and for the space of three miles, there is but one spot on which a man can stand, between the edge of the water and the perpendicular ascent of the mountain rock. The United States have established military posts at Council Bluffs and on St. Peter s river. OREGON TERRITORY. 157 OREGON TERRITORY. THIS is an extensive country, lying between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific ocean ; but it is little known. I" is watered by the river Oregon, or Columbia, and its branches, the princi pal of which are Lewis s river, Clark s river, and the Multnomah. The country bordering on the Oregon and its branches, is represented as having a good soil, and is covered with heavy timber, consisting chiefly of va rious species of fir ; many of the trees being of enormous height. At a distance from the ocean the country is mountainous, destitute of trees, and much of it barren. Extensive prairies are found on the west, as well as on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. The climate, in the mountainous parts, is severe ; but near the shores of the Pacific ocean, it is much milder than in the same latitude on the Atlantic. This country was explored by Lewis and Clark, in 1805; and in 1811, a trading establishment was formed at Astoria by some Americans. TABLE exhibiting the Seats of Government, the Times of holding the Elec tion of State Officers, and the Time of the Meeting of the Legislature of the several States. States. Seats of Govern ment. Time of holding Elections. Time of the Meeting of the Legislature. Maine Augusta 2d Monday in Sept. 1st Wednesday in Jan. N. Hampshire Concord 2d Tuesday in March 1st Wednesday in June Vermont Montpelier 1st Tuesday in Sept. 2d Thursday in Oct. Massachusetts Boston 2d Mond. in November 1st Wednesday in Jan. Rhode Island J Providence, / Newport, &c. Gov. & Sen. in Ap. ; Rep. in Ap. & Aug. lstWed.May& in June last Wed.Oct. & in Jan. Connecticut Hart & N. Hav. 1st Monday in April 1st Wednesday in May New York Albany In October or Novem. 1st Tuesd. in January New Jersey Trenton 2d Tuesday in October 4th Tuesd. in October Pennsylvania Harrisburg 2d Tuesday in October 1st Tuesday in Decem. Delaware Dover 2d Tuesday in Novem. 1st Tues. in Jan. bienn. Maryland Annapolis 1st Monday in October last Monday in Decem. Virginia Richmond In the month of April 1st Monday in Deeem. N. Carolina Raleigh Commonly in August 2d Mond. in November S. Carolina Columbia 2d Monday in October 4th Monday in Novem. Georgia Milledgeville 1st Monday in October 1st Monday in Novem. Alabama Tuscaloosa 1st Monday in August 4th Monday in October Mississippi Jackson 1st Monday in August 1st Monday in Novem. Louisiana New Orleans 1st Monday in July 1st Monday in January Tennessee Nashville 1st Thursday in August 3d Mond. Sept, bienn. Kentucky Frankfort 1st Monday in August 1st Monday in Novem. Ohio Columbia 2d Tuesday in October 1st Monday in Decem. [ndiana [ndianapolis 1st Monday in August 1st Monday in Decem. [llinois Vandalia 1st Monday in August 1st Mond. Dec. bienn. Missouri Jefferson City 1st Monday in August 1st Mond. Nov. bienn. 158 TABLE OF REPRESENTATIVES, &c. TABLE exhibiting the Governor s Term and Salary, the Number of Sen ators and Representatives with their respective Terms and Pay, and the Mode of choosing Electors of President and Vice-President, in the several States. s e o5 jd u iiiit o i 1 1 BS 11 jji ft jlill Maine 1 1500 20 153 1 173 82.00 Districts New Hampshire 1 1200 12 i 229 1 236 2.00 Gen l Ticket Vermont* 1 750 none 230 1 230 1.50 do. Massachusetts )" 1 3666f 40 i 481 521 2.00 do. Rhode Island 1 400 10 i 72 i 82 1.50 do. Connecticut :f 1 1100 21 i 208 1 229 2.00 do. New York 2 4000 32 4 128 1 160 3.00 do. New Jersey 1 2000 14 1 50 1 64 3.00 do. Pennsylvania 3 4000 33 4 100 1 133 3.00 do. Delaware 3 1333^ 9 4 21 2 30 2.50 Legislature Maryland 1 3500 15 5 80 1 95 4.00 Districts Virginia 3 3333J 32 4 134 1 166 4.00 Gen l Ticket North Carolina 1 2000 64 1 134 1 198 3.00 do. South Carolina 2 3900 45 4 124 2 169 4.00 Legislature Georgia 2 3000 78 1 142 1 220 4.00 Gen l Ticket Alabama 2 2000 22 3 72 1 94 4.00 do. Mississippi 2 2500 11 3 36 1 47 3.00 do. Louisiana 4 7000 17 4 50 2 67 4.00 Legislature Tennessee 2 2000 20 2 60 2 80 4.00 do. Kentucky 4 2000 38 4 100 1 138 2.00 Gen l Ticket Ohio 2 1200 36 2 72 1 108 3.00 do. Indiana 3 1000 23 3 62 1 85 2.00 do. Illinois 4 1000 4 2 3.00 do. Missouri 4 1500 18 4 49 2 66 3.00 do. * There is no senate in the legislature of Vermont ; but the executive council, con sisting of the governor, lieutenant-governor, and 12 counsellors, elected by the free men, are empowered to lay before the general assembly such business as shall appear to them necessary ; also to revise and propose amendments to the laws passed by the house of representatives. f The number of representatives in the legislature of Massachusetts in 1831, was 481 ; but the number is very variable. | The pay of the senators, in the legislature of Connecticut, is $2 a day ; that of the representatives, $1.50. The upper house, which forms an independent branch of the legislature of New Jersey, is styled the " Legislative Council." || Three different modes of choosing the electors of president and vice-president in the different states, are authorized by the constitution, viz. by the people by districts, by the people by a general ticket, and by the state legislatures. The same states have not all uniformly adhered to the same mode ; and the mode may be varied at the pleasure of the state legislatures. MEXICO. MEXICO. 159 PYRAMID OF CHOLULA. MEXICO is bounded north by the United States and Gulf of Mexico ; east by the United States, Gulf of Mexico, and Bay of Honduras ; south by Guate mala ; and west by the Pacific Ocean. The chief cities are Mexico, the metropolis and capital, Guanaxuato, Guada- laxara, Puebla> Oaxaca, Zacatecas, Vera Cruz, and Valladolid. The principal rivers are the Brazos, Colorado, Bravo, Grande, Gila, Colo rado of the west, Buenaventura, and Hiaqui. Length, 1850 miles ; breadth, 1,000 : square miles, 1,690,000. Population 7,000,000 : by some the population is estimated at 8,000,000. The following 19 independent states belong to the Mexican Republic, besides 5 Territories : States. Sq. miles. Population. Mexico 30,482. . . .1,100,000. . Puebla 18,441 .... 900,000 . . Guanaxuato 6,225 600,000 . . Michoacan 24,166.... 385,000.. Jalisco 72,389. . . . 600,000. . Zacatecas 17,580 Oaxaca 32,697 Yucatan 79,534. . . . Tabasco 14,676 Chiapas 18,750. . . . Vera Cruz 27,660. . . . Queretaro 13,482 San Luis Potosi 19,017 Tamaulipas 35,121 Durango 54,800 Chihuahua 107,584 Sonora and Sinaloa 254,705 .... New Leon 21,200 Coahulia and Texas 193,600 Ter. of Santa Fe 214,800 Do. Up. California 376,344 .... Do. L. California 57,021 Capital. , Mexico , Puebla , Guanaxuato Valladolid Guadalaxara 230,298 Zacatecas 600,000 Oaxaca 450,000 78,056 93,750 156,740 500,000 . Merida . Hermosa . Chiapas . Jalapa . Queretaro 174,957 San Luis Potosi 166,824 Tamaulipas 200,000 Durango 160,000 Chihuahua . Sinaloa . Monterey . Leona Vicario . Santa Fe . Monterey 188,636 113,419 125,400 150,000, 25,400 13,419 Loreto Totals 1 ,690,304 7,011 ,899 The Territories of Tlascala and Colima consist of those cities respectively, together with a very limited extent of contiguous country. The country out of which this republic has been formed, is peculiar as re- 160 MEXICO. spects the features of its geography. It extends from lat. 15 50 to 42 N. : the intermediate space embracing every variety of soil, from the most recent alluvion to mountain valleys, or rather plains, of near 8000 feet above the con tiguous oceans. These elevated plains are again broken and decorated by col- lossal summits, rising from 12 to upwards of 17,000 feet. In one of those aerial valleys, stands the city of Mexico, 7,400 feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico. From this difference of elevation, and from em bracing such an extensive range within and without the tropics, Mexico may be considered as possessing every climate of the earth, and capable of producing every vegetable necessary to the wants or the luxuries of human life. Its me tallic wealth is no less abundant than its vegetables. From its bowels are extracted many of the most useful, and all the precious metals. Mexico is perhaps better calculated than any other part of the earth, to form a political community capable of producing within its own limits, all that the necessities, the arts, or elegancies of society can demand. Mexico has no slaves worth notice ; that class of its population not amount ing, at the utmost, to more than 10,000 ; or as 1 to 584 of the entire body of the people. The civilized Indians form more than two-fifths of the whole, and are the laboring, productive, and efficient, though not the ruling people. The manufactures of Mexico are said to be very considerable, consisting of cotton, wool, leather, tobacco, gunpowder, &c. ; but as no recent account has been received of them, a description will be omitted. Every reader knows, that those of the precious metals are generally found among mountains ; and that this is the country of silver and gold. The annual produce, in ordinary years, used seldom to fall below 22,000,000 of silver. The gold is found in little straw-like fragments and veins. The richest mine, in its yield of native silver, is Bartopilas in New Biscay. In most of them, the metal is extracted from red, black, muriated and sulphuretted ores of silver. In South America, the chief mines are found on the summits of the Andes, in the regions of perpetual frost and ice. In Mexico, on the contrary, the richest, such as those of Guanaxuato, Zacatecas, Tasco, and Real de Monte, are found between 5,500 and 6,500 feet high. The climate is delightful, and the vicinity abounds with forests, and every facility to work the mines to advantage. A catalogue of the names of 50 mines might easily be given, extending from Santa Fe, at the sources of the Rio del Norte, to the Pacific. Mexico has but few good harbors ; some of the best and most frequented are Vera Cruz and Tampico on the gulf of Mexico ; and Acapulco and San Bias on the Pacific Ocean. Vera Cruz is the port through which most of the com merce between Mexico and Europe has been carried on. In the tropical regions the year is divided into only two seasons, called the rainy and the dry. The rainy season commences in June or July, and con tinues about four months, till September or October, when the dry season com mences and continues about eight months. On the low lands upon the coast, the climate is hot and unhealthy. On the declivity of the Cordillera at the elevation of 4 or 5000 feet, there reigns perpetually a soft spring temperature, which never varies more than eight or nine degrees. At the elevation of 7000 feet, commences another region, the mean temperature of which is about 60. Mexico is in this region, arid the thermometer there has been known in a few instances to descend below the freezing point. It never rises above 75. The productions of this country are as various as its climate. In the course of a few hundred miles, you may meet with almost all the fruits of the temper ate and torrid zones. The soil of the table land is remarkably productive. Maize is far the most important object of agriculture, and in some places, from two to three harvests may be taken annually. Wheat, rye, and barley are extensively cultivated. GUATIMALA. 161 The shores of the bays of Honduras and Campeachy have been long cele brated for their immense forests of logwood and mahogany. A great com merce is carried on in these articles ; likewise in cocoa and cochineal, which are also products of this country. Here likewise grow those trees which pro duce the balsams copaiva and tolu. But what most distinguishes this country are its immensely valuable mines of gold, silver, and precious stones. Its silver mines are the richest in the world, and have for a long time pro duced annually ten times as much silver as all the mines in Europe. Some of these mines are regarded as curiosities ; and one of them is excavated eight miles in length, and 1640 feet in depth. In 1521, the Spaniards under Cortez subdued Mexico, which was, at that time, under the government of the emperor Montezuma ; and in 1821, the Mexicans declared themselves independent of Spain. GUATIMALA, OR CENTRAL AMERICA. GUATIMALA consists of a long isthmus, forming the southernmost part of North America, and lying between the Caribbean sea and the Pacific ocean. It was formerly subject to Spain, but was declared independent in 1821 ; and it has since been named, from its situation, the Republic of Central America. Volcanoes are extremely numerous, and some of them terrific ; no less than 20 are in constant activity. The general appearance of the soil is extremely fertile, and Guatimala produces abundantly corn, cochineal, grapes, honey, wax,, cotton, fine wool, and dye-woods. The population has been estimated at 2,000,000. Length from north-west to south-east, 1000 miles. The settled parts are chiefly along the Pacific ocean, and average about 100 miles in width. The whole of Central America is subdivided into the provinces of Chiapa, Vera Paz, Guatimala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The country is exces sively mountainous, and volcanoes are numerous. St. Juan is the principal river. The chief towns are Guatimala, the capital ; Nicaragua, and Leon. The minerals are gold and silver. BRITISH AMERICA. BRITISH AMERICA is a vast extent of country, comprehending all the north- em part of the continent, except the Russian possessions in the north-west, and Greenland on the north-east. It comprises Lower Canada, Upper Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Bruns wick ; the islands of Newfoundland, St. John s, and Cape Breton ; and the vast region of New Britain, or Hudsonia. The government of the whole country is under a governor-general, whose residence is at Quebec ; and each of the provinces has a lieutenant-governor. The established religion is that of the Church of England, and there are two bishops, one residing at Quebec, and the other at Halifax ; but most of the inhabitants of Lower Canada are Catholics. LOWER CANADA. LOWER CANADA extends from lat. 45 to 52 N., and from long. 14 E. to 3 30 W. from Washington ; bounded S. by the United States, W. by Upper 162 LOWER CANADA. Canada, N. by the territories of the Hudson Bay Company, and E. by the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; reaching about 500 miles from S. to N., and 500 from E. to W., with an area of 120,000 square miles. It is divided into four large dis tricts, Montreal, Three Rivers, Quebec, and Gaspe. Lower Canada lies on both sides of the St. Lawrence, and is separated from Upper Canada by the Utawas. The great river St. Lawrence forms the most striking feature of the country. The other principal rivers are the Saguenai, St. Maurice, Chaudiere, St. Fran cis, Richelieu or Sorel, and Utawas. The cities are Quebec and Montreal. The country is intersected by ridges of mountains, with fertile valleys inter vening ; but the greater part is still covered with forests. The most populous part of Lower Canada consists of a fertile valley, mostly level, through the middle of which the St. Lawrence flows. The climate is subject to great ex tremes of heat and cold. The winters are long and severe : the thermometer sometimes rises, in summer, to 100 degrees, and sinks, in winter, to 40 below 0. In a state of nature, Lower Canada was covered with an immense forest of very lofty timber, much of which yet remains. The settlements extend along or near the streams, in general where the soil is most fertile, and means of navigation most attainable. In the angle N. from lat. 45 N. to the St. Law rence river, the soil is generally very productive, and settlements advancing rapidly. Eastward of this triangle, to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the country is hilly, broken, barren, and but very thinly settled. From the Mingan settle ment, on the north side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, to a short distance above Quebec, the left shore of that great stream is rocky and precipitous. This range of hills leaves the river below the mouth of St. Maurice, and extends towards the Utawas, which it intersects about 120 miles above its junction with the St. Lawrence. A very productive body of land is inclosed between this ridge and the respective rivers. Beyond this latter tract, and the margin of the streams, the country to the northward is but very imperfectly known. The population of Lower Canada in 1830 was as follows : District of Montreal 287,119 Quebec 151,167 " Three Rivers 56,279 Gaspe 1,003 Total.... 495,568 Lower Canada is favorably situated for commerce. Some of the principal exports are fur, timber, and potashes. This country was originally settled by the French, and as many as four- fifths of the present inhabitants are descendants of that nation. They live in great simplicity, resembling a European peasantry ; are polite and peaceable, but possessed of little enterprise, and their education is too generally neglected. Their houses are built of stone and plastered ; are made extremely warm by means of stoves ; but are seldom of more than one story, except in the towns. The government is in the hands of a governor, Heutenant-gcT^rnor, execu tive council, who are appointed by the king, and a house of assembly, who are representatives of the people. The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic ; of -his persuasion there is a bishop of Quebec, a coadjutor, with the title of bishop of Salde, nine vicars general, and about 200 curates and missionaries, spread over the different districts of the province. The revenues of the Catholic clergy are derived in part from grants made of land to them under the ancient regime. The spiritual concerns of the Protestants are under the guidance of the Lord Bishop of Quebec, nine rectors, and a competent number of other clergymen, who are supported in part by annual stipends from the government, and the appropriations of one-seventh of all granted lands. UPPER CANADA. 163 FALLS OF MONTMORENCI. The Montmorenci falls into the St. Lawrence seven miles below Quebec. The river, just above its junction with the St. Lawrence, after passing through a wild and thickly wooded country, over a bed of barren rocks, with precipi tous brinks of lime-stone, from 200 to 300 feet in height, rushes down a preci pice of 240 feet. The cataract is almost perpendicular ; the deviation being just sufficient to break the water completely into foam and spray. The width of the river, at the top of the falls, is about 60 feet, but the stream dilates in descending. In its fall the water has the exact appearance of snow, when thrown in heaps from the roof of a house. The effect on the beholder is most delightful. The river at some distance seems suspended in the air, in a sheet of billowy foam ; and contrasted with the black frowning abyss, into which it falls, is an object of the highest interest. On a near approach, the impressions of grandeur and sublimity are jinely blended with those of extraordinary beauty. The spray here, as at other similar cataracts, serves as a medium for forming the most beautiful rainbows. In the winter the spray freezes, and forms a ^regular cone, of sometimes 100 feet in height, standing immediately at the bot tom of the cataract. UPPER CANADA. UPPER CANADA is bounded N. by the territory of the Hudson s Bay Com pany ; N. E. and E. by Lower Canada ; S. E. and S. by the United States ; on the W. and N. W. no limits have been assigned to it. In 1830 it contained the following districts and population : Gore 23,552 Home 32,871 Western 9,970 Niagara 21,974 London 26,180 Newcastle 16,498 Midland 36,322 Ottawa 4,456 Bathurst 20,113 Eastern 11,168 Johnstown 21,961 Total .234,865 These districts are subdivided into counties, and the counties into townships These townships are laid out principally along the banks of the St. Law- 104 UPPER CANADA. rence, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Lake St. Glair, and extend back for a distance, varying from 40 to 50 miles. The soil throughout is scarcely excelled by any portion of North America. In the rear of the townships are large tracts of land stretching far to the north, covered with immense forests, and little known except to the Indians ; but it has been ascertained that there am many large tracts of rich soil. The climate is salubrious. The winters are shorter and milder than in Lower Canada. The spring opens usually from six weeks to two months earlier than at Quebec. The population of Upper Canada has increased with great rapidity. In 1783, it did not exceed 10,000 souls. In 1814, it was 95,000; and in 1830, 234,865. For the defence of the Canadas, a regular military establishment is main tained by the British government, amounting in common to between 20,000 and 30,000 men. This force is stationed at various points along the great line of the St. Lawrence. There are two large canals in Upper Canada ; Welland Canal, connecting lakes Erie and Ontario, 41 miles long ; and Rideau Canal, connecting lake Ontario with the river Utawas, 160 miles long. The Welland Canal commences near the mouth of Grand river on Lake Erie, 40 miles north-west of Buffalo. It connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario by canal navigation, overcoming all the descent of Niagara Falls and Niagara river between the two lakes. It admits vessels of 125 tons, being wider and deeper than any other canal in the country, except the Delaware and Chesa peake. The elevation overcome by the locks is 320 feet. The canal required prodigious excavations, in some places through solid stone. The "Ravine Locks" are said to be the most striking canal spectacle to be seen in America. Climate of The extremes of heat and cold are astonishing; Fahrenheit s ther- thecanadasmometer in the months of July and August, rising to 100, and yet in winter the mercury generally freezes. Changes of weather, how ever, are less frequent, and the seasons more regular than in the United States. Snow not unfrequently begins to fall in October, and increases in November ; in December the clouds are generally dissolved, and the sky assumes a bright hue, continuing for weeks without a single cloud. Here, however, winter is the season for amusement, and the sledges drawn by one or two horses, afford a speedy and pleasant conveyance in travelling ; but on going abroad, all parts of the body, except the eyes, must be thickly covered with furs. In May the thaw comes on suddenly, and in its progress the ice on the river St. Lawrence bursts with the noise of cannon, and passes towards the ocean with tremendous rapidity and violence. The progress of vegetation is aston ishing. Spring has scarcely appeared before it is succeeded by summer. In a few days the trees regain their foliage, and the fields are clothed with the richest verdure. September, generally, is one of the most agreeable months. The Canadian horses are mostly small and heavy ; but very brisk on the road, travelling at the rate of 8 or 9 miles an hour. The calash, a sort of one horse chaise, capable of holding two persons and a driver, is the carriage most generally in use. The Canadians have a species of large dogs which are used in drawing burdens. They are yoked into little carts : in this way people frequently go to market. Sometimes they perform long journeys in the winter season, on the snow, by half a dozen or more of these animals yoked into a cariole or sledge. The river St. Lawrence is the only channel, by which the commodities of these two provinces have hitherto found their way to the ocean. The principal exports consist of oak and pine timber, deals, masts, and bowsprits, spars of all denominations, staves, pot and pearl ashes, peltry, wheat, flour, biscuit, Indian corn, pulse, salt provisions, fish, and other miscellaneous articles, which employ UPPER CANADA. 165 generally about 150,000 tons of shipping. In return for these are imported, wines, rum, sugar, molasses, coffee, tobacco, salt, coals, and manufactured produce from Great Britain. The government of Upper Canada is administered by a lieutenant-governor, (who is almost always a military officer,) a legislative council, an executive council, and a house of assembly. The legislative council consists of not less than 7 members, of which the chief justice of the province is president, and wherein the bishop of Quebec has a seat ; the members are appointed by man damus from the king, and hold their seats, under certain restrictions, for life. The executive council is composed of 6 members ; the chief justice is president, and the bishop of Quebec likewise has a seat in it. The house of assembly is composed of 25 members, who are returned from the 23 counties ; the dura tion of the assembly is limited to 4 years. The civil and criminal law is ad ministered by a chief justice and two puisne judges. There is a court of king s bench, common pleas, and a court of appeal. The expense of the civil list is defrayed by Great Britain. FALLS OF NIAGARA. The Falls of Niagara are esteemed the grandest object of the kind in the world. Though there are other falls which have a greater perpendicular descent, yet there is none in the known world where so great a mass of water is precipitated from so great a height. The distance of the falls above Lake Ontario is 14 miles, and below Lake Erie 23 miles on the New York side, and 21 on the Canada side. At the dis tance of a mile and three-quarters above the falls, the river begins to descend with a rapid and powerful current. At the falls, it turns with a right angle to the north-east, and is suddenly contracted in width, from three miles to three- fourths of a mile. Below the cataract, the river is only half a mile wide, but its depth is said to exceed 300 feet. The descent within 1 miles is about 300 feet, and from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario 334 feet. The agitation and rapid current continue about 8 miles below the cataract, nearly to Queenstown, and the river does not become sufficiently calm to admit of navigation till it reaches that place. Below the falls, it is inclosed in perpendicular banks 300 feet high. The best single view of the cataract is that from Table Rock, on the Canada side; the best view of the rapids is from Goat Island, which is con nected with the eastern shore by a bridge. The precipice over which the river descends, is formed by the brow of a vast bed of lime. The perpendicular descent, according to the measurement of Major Prescot, is 151 feet. The descent is perpendicular, except that rocks are hollowed underneath the surface, particularly on the western side. The cataract is divided into two parts by Goat, or Iris Island, which occupies one- fifth or one-sixth of the whole breadth. The principal channel is on the west ern side, and is called the Horse-shoe Fall, from its shape. The eastern chan- 166 UPPER CANADA. nel is divided by another small island. The descent on the eastern side is stated at 162 feet, being greater than on the western, but the water is more hollow. The quantity of water discharged in an hour, is computed at about 100,000,000 tons. The noise of the falls resembles the hoarse roar of the ocean ; being much graver, or less shrill than that of smaller cataracts. It is not unfrequently heard at York, 50 miles distant. When two persons stand very near each other, they can mutually hear their ordinary conversation ; when removed to a small distance, they are obliged to halloo, and when removed a little farther, they cannot be heard at all. Every sound is drowned in the tempest of noise made by the water ; and all else in the regions of nature appears to be dumb. The noise is a vast thunder, filling the heavens, shaking the earth, and leaving the mind, although perfectly conscious of safety and affected with a sense of grandeur only, lost and astonished, swelling with emotions which engross all its faculties, and mock the power of utterance. A large majestic cloud of vapor rises without intermission from the whole breadth of the river below ; and ascending with a slow solemn progress, partly spreads itself down the stream by an arching and wonderfully magnificent motion ; and partly mounts to heaven, blown into every wild fantastical form ; when separated into smaller clouds, it successively floats away through the atmosphere. This cloud is said to be visible at the distance of 60 or 70 miles. " In the mist produced by all cataracts," observes Dr. Dwight, from whom this account is chiefly extracted, " rainbows are ordinarily seen in proper posi tions when the sun shines ; always, indeed, unless when the vapor is too rare. Twice, while we were here, the sun broke through the clouds, and lighted up in a moment the most lucid rainbow that I ever beheld. In each instance the phenomenon continued a long time, and left us in perfect leisure to enjoy its splendors. It commenced near the precipice, and extended, so far as I was able to judge, at least a mile down the river. In one respect, both these rain- bows differed widely from all others which I had seen. The red, orange, and yellow were so vivid, as to excite in our whole company strong emotions of surprise and pleasure, while the green, blue, indigo, and violet, were certainly not more brilliant than those which are usually seen on the bosom of a shower. " The emotions excited by a view of this stupendous scene, are unutterable. When the spectator casts his eye over the long ranges of ragged cliffs, which form the shores of this great river below the cataract ; cliffs 150 feet in height, bordering it with lonely gloom and grandeur, and shrouded everywhere by shaggy forests ; when he surveys the precipice above, stretching with so great an amplitude, rising to a great height, and presenting at a single view its awful brow, with an impression not a little enhanced by the division which the island forms between the two great branches of the river ; when he contemplates the enormous mass of water pouring from this astonishing height in sheets so vast, and with a force so amazing ; when, turning his eye to the mighty mass, and listening to the majestic sound which fills the heavens, his mind is overwhelmed by thoughts too great, and by impressions too powerful, to permit the current of the intellect to flow with serenity. The disturbance of his mind resembles that of the waters beneath him. His bosom swells with emotions never before felt ; his thoughts labor in a manner never before known. The pleasure is exquisite, but violent. The conceptions are clear and strong, but rapid and tumultuous. The struggle within is discovered by the fixedness of his position, the solemnity of his aspect, and the intense gaze of his eye. When he moves, his motions appear uncontrived. When he is spoken to, he is silent ; or if he speaks, his answers are short, wandering from the subject, and indicating that absence of mind which is the result of laboring contemplation." NEW BRITAIN, NOVA SCOTIA, AND NEW BRUNSWICK. 167 NEW BRUNSWICK. BOUNDED N. by Lower Canada ; E. by the Gulf of St. Lawrence : S. by the Bay of Fundy and Nova Scotia ; and W. by the United States. The principal rivers are the St. Johns, Miramichi and Ristigouche. The lands on the rivers, especially on the St. John, are very fertile, and the set tlements lie principally on this river and on the Miramichi. Coal of a superior quality is found on the Grand Lake near St. John s river. The tract of country so prolific in gypsum, commences in this province at Martin s head on the bay of Furidy, and extends east into Nova Scotia. The chief articles of export are lumber, codfish, salmon, and herring. The principal ports are St. John, St. Andrew, Miramichi, and the West Isles. The province is divided into 8 counties. Fredericton is the capital. St. John is the largest town. Population 80,000. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, in most particulars, are very similar, ^he face of the country is neither mountainous, nor quite level. There are several rivers, among which those of Annapolis and St. Johns are the most considerable. The soil is, in general, thin and barren, particularly on the coasts. In some parts there are very extensive tracts of marsh, which are rich and productive. Both the soil and the climate are unfavorable to the cultivation of grain, and the inhabitants do not raise provision sufficient for their own con sumption. The fisheries, however, compensate in some measure for the sterility of the soil. The coast abounds with cod, salmon, mackerel, haddock, and herring. Their chief exports are fish and lumber. Coal is found in Nova Scotia ; and plaster-of-Paris, particularly at Windsor, from whence large quan tities are imported into the United States. NOVA SCOTIA. NOVA SCOTIA is a large peninsula, about 300 miles long, and is separated from New Brunswick, in part, by the Bay of Fundy. The Bay of Fundy is remarkable for its tides, which rise to the height of 30, and sometimes, in the narrowest part, even to 60 feet. The rise is so rapid that cattle feeding on the shore are often overtaken and drowned. The chief towns are Halifax and Annapolis. Population 130,000. It extends from Cape Sable, its most southern point, in lat. 43 23 to 49 30 N., and from 60 15 to 67 W. long. NEW BRITAIN. THE country lying round Hudson s bay, or the country of the Esquimaux, comprehending Labrador, New North and South Wales, has obtained the general name of New Britain, and is attached to the government of Lower Canada. That part called Labrador is full of frightful mountains, many of which are of a stupendous height. The valleys present numerous lakes, and produce only a few stunted trees. In the parallel of 60 north latitude, all vegetation ceases. Such is the intenseness of the cold in the winter, that brandy and even quicksilver freezes into a solid mass; rocks often burst with a tremendous noise, equal to that of the heaviest artillery. At Nain, Okkak, and Hopedale, the Moravian missionaries have settlements. 168 GREENLAND. In New North and South Wales the face of the country has not quite the same aspect of unconquerable sterility as that of Labrador, and the climate, although in the same parallel of latitude, is a little less rigorous. But it is only INDIAN VILLAGE. the coasts of these immense regions that are known, the interior having never yet been explored. The natives are called Esquimaux. Some factories and forts for the purpose of carrying on the fur trade with the Indians, are estab lished by the Hudson s Bay and North-west companies. The trade of the former is confined to the neighborhood of Hudson s bay ; that of the latter extends from lake Winnipeg to the Rocky mountains and the Frozen Ocean. The North-west company is composed of Montreal merchants. The usual mode of travelling in this country is in birch bark canoes. With these the inhabitants pass up and down the rivers and lakes, and when they meet with a rapid, or wish to pass from one river to another, they get out of the canoe and carry it on their shoulders. In this way, the men engaged .n the fur trade travel thousands of miles, and carry all their goods. The principal rivers are the Mackenzie, Nelson, Saskashawan, Severn, and Albany. The largest lakes are Winnepeg, Athapeskow, Slave Lake, and Great Bear Lake. GREENLAND WHICH BELONGS TO DENMAKK. WHALE FISHERY. GREENLAND, a country, bounded E. by the Atlantic, and separated from Labrador on the south-west by Davis straits. It is not ascertained whether it is a peninsula or an island, although the recent discoveries in the Polar regions GREENLAND. 169 render it highly probable that it is wholly detached from the continent. It ex tends as far south as Cape Farewell, in lat. 59 30 N. Its northern limits are unknown. The eastern coast is commonly called East Greenland, and the western, West Greenland, but the whale fishers call the whole West Green land, and apply the name East Greenland to Spitzbergen and the adjacent islands. Nothing is known of this extensive country, but its coast. The in terior is wholly inaccessible, on account of the everlasting ice with which its mountains are covered. The eastern coast also has, for centuries, been cut off from European intercourse, by the vast bodies of ice with which its shores are lined. The severity of the climate forbids the growth of every thing but a few stinted trees and shrubs. The whole population does not exceed 20,000 ; and they are confined to the coast, deriving a miserable subsistence from seals, birds, and fishes ; and are sometimes under the necessity of living on sea- weed and train oil. The natives were formerly Pagans, and addicted to some cruel customs, but through the instrumentality of the Moravian missionaries, they have, to a considerable extent, been converted to Christianity- Icy Peak, an enormous mass of ice, rises near the mouth of a soit and river, and diffuses such a brilliancy through the air, that it is seen at untry. the distance of more than 30 miles. The country along the sea shore presents- rugged masses of rock interspersed with huge blocks of ice, indicating the conflict of chaos and winter. The interior is covered with a chain of innu merable mountains, most of which are unexplored. Coal and various minerals and useful and beautiful fossils have been discovered here. Smoke is frequently observed arising from the crevices of marine ice. The rare occurrence of rain, the small quantity of snow, and the intense degree of cold 1 produced by the north-east wind, lead us to suppose that the north-east partis of Greenland constitute a great Archipelago, encumbered with perpetual ice which for many centuries has been piled together by the winds and currents. Hares, reindeer, white bears, foxes, and large dogs, that howl in- , /. , , . i i /-t i i i Animals. stead of barking, and are employed by the Ureenlanders in drawing their sledges, comprise the animals of this country. Immense flocks of sea fowl frequent the rivers and shores. The rivers abound in salmon and the seas in turbots and herrings. It is a curious fact, that those animals, whose blood is of the temperature of the sea, are found in greatest numbers under these icy fields and mountains. The inhabitants of North Greenland pursue the whale and those of South Greenland the seal. The flesh of the animals is their chief food. The skins of the seals serve them for clothing, and as tMe mate rial for their boats. Their tendons are used for thread, their bladders as bottles, their fat sometimes as butter, and at other times as tallow, and their blood is considered by the Greenlander the richest broth. The exports are in value from 50 to 100,000 rix-dollara. W 17G HAIL-ROAD, ENGINE, AND CARRIAGES. GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES. AAR ADA AARQNSBURG, t. Centre Co. Pa., si tuated about one mile E. of Elk Creek, which unites with Penn s Creek and falls into the Susquehannah, 5 miles below Sunbury. It is 40 miles W. N. W. Sunbury, 160 W. N. W. Philadelphia, and 204 miles from Washing ton City. Lat. 49 53 N. Long. 77 33 W. It contains a German, Lutheran and a Calvi- nistic church. ABBEVILLE, district of S.C. having Pen- dleton district NW., Laurens NE., Edgefield SE., and the Savannah river SW. It is about 31 m. in length and breadth, having a super ficies of about 1000 sq. ms. The surface is agreeably variegated with hill and dale, and a considerable part of the soil is rich and well watered. Pop. 28,134. ABBEVILLE, t. and cap. Abbeville district, S. C. ; 120 W. Columbia, from W. 624 m. It contains a court-house, a jail, an arsenal, and a magazine. ABBOTSTOWN, t York co. Pa.; 18 S. York, from W. 86 m. ABINGDON, t. Hartford co,Md.; 1 WSW. Hartford, 26 NE. Baltimore. Pop. 300. Cokes- bury College, a Methodist seminary, was estab lished in this town in 1785, but the building was burnt several years since, and has not been rebuilt. ABINGDON, t and cap. Washington co. Va.; 320 WSW. Richmond, from W. 404 m. Lat. 36 37 N. It is a considerable town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, an academy, and a Presbyterian church. Here is a remarkable cave. ABINGTON, t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 18 S. Boston, 20 NW. Plymouth, from W. 452 m. Pop. 2,423. It is a pleasant town, and contains three Congregational meeting-houses. ABINGTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa.; from W. 254m. ABINGTON, t. Montgomery co, Pa., 11 N Philadelphia. Pop. 1,236. ABSECOMBE, v. Gloucester co. N. J. ACAPULCO, or Los Rcges, t. Mexico, on the coast of the Pacific ocean. Its port is one of the finest in the world, and capable of con taining any number of vessels in perfect safety. The principal trade of Acapulco was formerly with Manilla, one of the Philippine islands, to which it for a long period sent out annually a large vessel, called a galleon. The lading from Acapulco to Manilla generally consisted of silver, a very small quantity of cochineal fromOaxaca, of cocoa from Guayaquil and Caraccas, wine, oil, and Spanish tvool. The value of the pre cious metals, exported in a single vessel, in cluding what is not registered, amounted in general to about 200,000. ACADIA, district, La. between lake Maure- pas and the Mississippi. Pop. 3,955. ACCOM AC, co. Va. ; bounded N.Tjy Mary land, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Northampton co. and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop. 19,656; Slaves, 4,654. Chief town, Drummondtown. ACCUSHNET, r. Mass, which flows into New Bedford harbor. ACHORSTOWN, t. Columbiana eo. Ohio; from W. 297 m. ACQUASCO, v. Prince George s co. Md. ; from W. 38 m. ACTON, t. Windham 0. Vt; 33 SSW. Windsor. Pop. 245. ACTON, t. Middlesex -co. Mass.; 24 NW. Boston, from W. 458 m. Pop. 885. ACWORTH, t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 6 ESE. Charleston, 72 WNW. Portsmouth from W. 466 m. Pop. 1,523. ADAIR, co. Ky. having Barren co. W. Greene NW. Casey NE. Wayne and Pulaski, or Cumberland r. and Wolfer SE. and Cum berland co. S. Adair co. has a mean length and breadth of about 28 m. area 800 sq. ms. the face of the country broken and the soil diversified. Chief town, Columbia. ADAMS, t. Coos co. N. H. ; E. of the White mountains ; 90 N. Portsmouth, Pop. 244. ADAMS, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 29 N. Lenox, 120 WNW. Boston, from W. 402 m. Pop. 1,763. It is a valuable township, and has 2 post villages 5 or 6 miles apart, each con taining a meeting-house ; the north village con* tains also 2 cotton manufactories ; and there are likewise 2 cotton manufactories near the S. village. There is besides a Quaker meeting house in the town. This place is remarkable for a deep excavation, 40 rods in length, and, in some places, 60 feet deep, formed by Hud son s brook, in a quarry of white marble. A natural bridge 14 feet long, 10 feet broad, and 62 feet high is formed over this channel by the projection of rocks. ADAMS, co. Pa. having Frederick co. Md. S. Franklin co. Pa. W. Cumberland NW. and NE. and E. It is about 20 ms. in length, and 18 wide ; area 360 sq. ms. Chief town, Get tysburg. The surface of this county is ex tremely diversified with hill and dale. The soil is also of the different qualities from the worst to the best. The whole co. is well wa tered. Pop. 1820, 19,081 ; in 1830, 21,379. 172 ADA ALB ADAMS, t. Darke co. Ohio. Pop. 343. ADAMS, co. in the western part of Illinois. Chief town, Quincy. Pop. 2,186. ADAMS, v. Dauphin co. Pa. ADAMS, t. Hyde co. N. C. NE. 150 m. from Raleigh. ADAMS, t. Washington co. Ohio, E. of Mus- kingum river. Pop. 1810, 620 ; in 1820, 324. ADAMS, t. of Washington co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 174 ADAMS, co. Ohio, having Brown W. High- land and Pike N. Sciota E. and the Ohio river S. This co. is about 20 ms. sq., area about 400 sq. ms. the surface much broken, the soil in general fertile and well watered. Chief town, West Union. Pop. in 1820, 10,432 ; in 830,12,278. ADAMS, co. Mis. bounded W. by the Mis- cissippi river, S. by Wilkinson co. E. by Frank lin, and N. by Jefferson ; length 40 m., mean width about 15 ; area 600 sq. ms. The face of this co. is diversified by hill and dale. Fruits, peaches, some apples, and abundance of figs. Chief towns, Natchez and Washington, Pop. in 1820, 12,073, in 1830, 14,919. ADAMSBURG, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. 145 in. W. from Ilarrisburg. ADAMSVILLE, v. Washington co. N. Y. 57 m. N. from Albany. ADAMSVILLE, v. Marlborough district, S. C. by post-road. 106 in. NE. from Columbia. ADDISON, t. of Washington co. Maine, W. 16 m. from Machias. Pop. in 1820, 519 ; in 1830, 741. ADDISON, co. Vermont, having lake Cham- plain W., Chittenden N., Washington and Or ange E., and Rutland S. Mean length 25 m. mean breadth 20 ; area about 500 sq. ms. Though not mountainous, it is finely variega ted by hill and dale. Otter river flows through this co. and by its numerous branches affords much fine land and excellent mill seats. Chief towns, Vergennes and Middleburg. Pop. in 1820, 20,620 ; in 1830, 24,940. ADDISON, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 15 m. S. from Bath. Pop. 944. ADELPHI, t. Ross co. Ohio, about 20 m. NE. from Chillicothe, from W. 392 ms. AGAWAM, r. Mass, which runs into the sea at Wareham. AGAWAM, v. in the township of W Spring field, Hampden co. Mass, near the entrance of Westfieid river into the Connecticut, 2 m. SW. from Springfield ; from W. 366 m. AGAWAM, the name of Westfieid river towards its mouth. AHPMOOJEENE-GAMOOK lake, Maine, 20 ms. N. from Moosehead lake. AIR, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,179. AKANSAS, see page 155. ALABAMA, state, see page 112. ALABAMA, t. Monroe co. Alabama, on Al abama river, 10 m. below Fort Jackson. ALABAMA, r. in the state of Alabama, is formed by the union of the Coosa and Talla- poosa, and flowing SSW. unites with the Tom- bigbee to form Mobile river, 45 m. from the head of Mobile Bay. From its mouth to the mouth of the Cahawba, 210 m. it has 4 or 5 feet water; and from the mouth of the Cahawba to the forks of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, 3 feet in the shallowest placer. It is navigable for sloops to Fort Claiborne. ALABASTER, or Eleuthera, one of the Ba hama islands, on the great Bahama bank. The climate is healthy. It produces pine-apples for exportation. There is a small fort and garri son on the island. Long. 76 22 to 76 56 W. Lat. 24 40 to 26 30 N. ALACHUA SAVANNAH, in E. Florida, 75 m. W. from St. Augustine, 50 m. in circum ference, without a tree or bush, but is encircled with hills, covered with forests and orange groves, on a very rich soil. The ancient Ala- chua Indian town stood on the borders of this savannah ; but the Indians removed to Cusco- willa, two miles distant, on account of the un- healthiness of the former site. ALACRANES, a long range of hidden rocks, shoals, and banks, on the S. side of the gulf of Mexico, opposite the coast of Yucatan, E. from Stone Bank, and W. from Cape St. An tonio. N. lat. 23, between 89 and 91 W. long. Navigators pass round them, though there are some good channels and soundings. ALBANY, t. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. NW. from Paris. Pop. 288. ALBANY, t. Orleans co. Vt 40 m. NNE. from Montpelier. ALBANY, co. N. Y. on Hudson r. Pop. 53,560. Chief town, Albany. ALBANY, city, Albany co. the capital of New York, and the second town in population, wealth and commerce in the state, stands on the W. bank of the Hudson, 150 m. N. of New York, 165 W. of Boston, 230 S. of Montreal, and 376 from W. N. lat. 42 39 . E. long. 3 17 from W. Most of the ancient Dutch build- ings, which formerly gave it such a grotesque aspect, have disappeared. It is now neatly and in some parts handsomely built. It con tains 10 public buildings. The capital, built upon the upper portion of the city, has an ele vated position. It is 115 feet in length, and 90 in breadth. The academy, directly north of it, is a spacious and showy building. The Farmers and Mechanics Bank and the Alba ny Bank, at the bottom of State street, are of white marble. The Museum is a handsome building in South Market street. State street, in its whole length, is remarkably wide, and shows to great advantage. The number of churches is 16, of which 6 are of stone, 7 of brick, and 3 of wood. Three of them are very handsome, and others are spacious. Canal wharf* and quay are of great length, and ex hibit a striking show of business and bustle. Few cities present a more beautiful prospect than Albany, when seen from the public square, or the summit of the capital. The city slopes from the public square to the river, like the sides of an amphitheatre. Two or three of its noble mansions embowered in trees, give it the appearance of having forests in its limits. Sloops and steamboats arrive here from New York in great numbers, and there is seldom a day in which three or four passages do not oi- fer, in steamboats departing to and from New ALB ALE 173 York. Its canal communications with lake Champlain, the northern lakes, and the Ohio valley give 4t unrivalled advantages of this sort. More stages daily arrive and depart from this city, than, any other of the size in the Union, being more than 100 daily. Its literary, hu mane, and religious institutions are of a very respectable class, and it issues 6 or 7 periodi cal publications. Its population in 1820 was 12,630 ; in 1830, 24,216, having nearly doubled its population in ten years. A more emphatic ALBANY AND illustration of the tendency of the canal system could not be given. There are in the city 3 flour mills, 2 woollen manufactories, 2 do. cot ton and woollen, 1 distillery, 5 breweries, man ufactories of oil-cloths, and a very extensive cap manufactory which employs 200 males and 450 females and pays $1,800 in weekly wages. The business transacted in this estab lishment amounts to several hundred thousand dollars a year. There is a rail-road from Al bany to Schenectady, length 14 miles. ITS ENVIRONS. (a) United States arsenal. (b) Aqueduct. (c) Fort s Ferry. (d) Vischer s Ferry. (e) Deep Cut. ALBANY, t. Berks co. Pa. E. Harrisburg. Pop. 995. ALBANY, r. Nortli America, which falls into James bay, long. 84 30 W. lat. 51 30 N. runs NE. through a chain of small lakes, from the S. end of Winnipeg lake. The Brit ish fort is on the river, in lat. 53 10 N. ALBANY, New, t. Clarke co. In. ; from W. 642 m. ; a little below Clarksville. ALBEMARLE, co. central part of Va.; bounded N. by Orange co. E. by Louisa and Fluvanna cos. SE. by James r. SW. by Am- herst co. and W. by Augusta and Rockingham cos. Chief town, Charlottesville. Pop. 22,618; slaves 11,689. ALBEM ARLE-SOUND, inlet of the sea, on E. coast of N. C. It extends into the country 60 m. and is from 4 to 15 wide. It receives the waters of the Roanoke and the Chowan. Lat. 35 52 N, ALBERTSON S, v. Duplin co. N.C, ALBION, t. and cap. of Edwards co. Illinois, 40 m. SW. from Vincennes. It stands on the dividing ridge between the Great and Little Wabash rivers, 12 m. from the former and 6 from the latter, in a dry and healthy situation, while it is well supplied with springs of water. Distance from W. 733 m. ALBION, v. Edwards co. Illinois. ALBURG, t Grand Isle co. Vt. on N. end of the island of North Hero, in lake Champlain ; 40 m. N. from Burlington, from W. 555 m. It is a port of entry. Pop. 1,239. ALDIE, v. Loudon co. Va. ; from W. 35 m. ALEXANDER, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 765. ALEXANDER, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. S. from Batavia. ALEXANDER, co. Illinois, at the angle be tween Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Chief town, America. Pop. 1,390. ALEXANDERS, v. York district, S. C.; from W. 441 m. ALEXANDERVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, on Miami r. 7 m. below Dayton. ALEXANDRIA, t. Graflon co. N. H. 13 m. SSE. from Plymouth. Pop. 1,083. ALEXANDRIA, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on the Delaware ; 15 m. SE. from Easton. ALEXANDRIA, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. ; 8 m, from Huntingdon, 192 m. WNW. from Philadelphia, from W. 162 m. ALEXANDRIA, t. in the parish of Rapide, Louisiana, on Red River, 120 m. from its mouth, 70 from Natchitoch.es, and about 100 from Natchez, St. Francisville, and Point Cou- pee ; about 180 m. in a direct line, and 344 by water, WNW. from New Orleans, from W 174 ALE ALL 1246 m. Lut. 31 15 N. It is situated in a fertile valley, at the point of intersection of all the great roads of the western district of Lou isiana. It is settled almost wholly by Ameri cans, and is a place of increasing importance. ALEXANDRIA, New, i. Westmoreland co. Pa. ; from W. 201 m. ALEXANDRIA, co. District of Columbia. Pop. 9,608 ; chief town, Alexandria. ALEXANDRIA, city, and port of entry, in the District of Columbia, on the W. bank of the Potomac, 6 m. S. of Washington. The pub lic buildings are a court-house, and G churches, viz. 2 for Presbyterians, 2 for Episcopalians, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Roman Catholics. It has a commodious harbor, sufficiently deep for the largest ships. The streets are regular and squares rectangular. The progress of this neat and anciont town has been for a long time al most stationary. It is expected that the Ohio and Chesapeake canal, with which it is con nected, will communicate to it a new impulse of prosperity. Pop. in 1820, 8,216 ; in 1830, 8,221. ALEXANDRIA, t Washington co. Maine, 30 m. N. of Machias. ALEXANDRIA, t. Campbell co. Ky. ALEXANDRIA, t Scioto co. Ohio, on the Ohio river, at the mouth of the Scioto, which separates it from Portsmouth, 45 m. S. from Chillicothe. ALEXANDRIAN A, t. Mecklenburg co. N. C, 157 m. SW. from Raleigh. ALFORD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 15 m. SSW. from Lenox, 125 W. from Boston. Pop. 512. ALFORDSVILLE, v. Robcson co. N. C. ; from W. 387 m. ALFORDSTOWN, t. and cap. Moore co. N.C. about 30 m. WNW. from Fayettcville. ALFRED, t. Prescott co. U. C. on Ottawa r. ALFRED, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 10 m. SE. from Angelica. Pop. 1,701. ALFRED, t. York co. Maine; 24 m. N. from York, 88 N. by E. from Boston, 86 from Au gusta, and 513 from W. Pop. 1,453 It con tains a court-house, a jail, and a Congrega tional meeting-house. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at York. There is in the township a village of Shakers. ALFRED, t. Alleghany co. N. Y.; 10 m. SE. from Angelica. Pop. 273. ALLAN S CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs into the Genesee, in Caledonia. Length 40 m. ALLEGHANY, co. SW. part of N. Y. ; bounded N. by Genesee and Ontario cos., E. by Steuben Co., S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Cataraugus co. Pop. 26,218. Chief town, Angelica. ALLEGHANY, co. W. part of Pa. bound ed N. by Butler co., E. by Westmoreland co., S. and SW. by Washington co., and NW. by Beaver co. Pop. 37,984. Chief town, Pitts- burg. ALLEGHANY, t. Cambria co. Pa. W. from Harrisburg. Pop. 947. ALLEGHANY, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. W. from Harrisburg. Pop. 773. ALLEGHANY, t. Venango co. Pa. N. W. from Harrisburg. Pop. 671. ALLEGHANY, t. Armstrong co. Pa, W, from Harrisburg. Pop. 1,413. ALLEGHANY, t. Westmoreland co, Pa, Pop. 1,388. ALLEGHANY t, Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 372. ALLEGHAKY, co. Md. the NW end of the state, on Potomac river. Chief town, Cumberland. Pop. 10,602. ALLEGHANY, mountains, U. S. com mence in the N. part of Georgia, and running NE. nearly parallel with the coast of the At lantic ocean, at the distance of 250 miles, pass through N. Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, to New York. They divide the waters which flow into the Atlantic from those which flow into the Mississippi. ALLEGHANY, r. rises in Pennsylvania, and runs first NW. into New York, and then by a bend to the SW. again enters Pennsylvania, and at Pittsburg unites with the Monongahela to form the Ohio. It is a steady stream, and navigable for keel-boats of 10 tons to Hamilton, 260 m. above Pittsburg. ALLEMAND, r. which falls into the Mis sissippi, from the SE. 43 m. S. from Natchez. ALLEN S FERRY, v. Harrison co. Indi- ana. ALLEN S FRESH, v. Charles co. Md. 43 m. S. from Washington, on Wicomico river. ALLENS, t. Cumberland co. Pa. near Har risburg. Pop. 2,995. ALLEN, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,847. ALLEN, co. Kentucky; having Ten. S. Warren, SW. NW. and N. and Barren E. Its form is elliptical, extending over about 500 sq. ms. Chief town, Scottsville. Pop. 6,486. ALLEN, co. Ohio, having Mercer and Vanvert W., Putnam N., Hartlin E. and Lo gan and Shelby S. It extends about 23 m. from N. to S. with a width of 22 m. from E. to W. area 500 sq. ms. Pop. 578. ALLENSTOWN, t. Rockingham co. N. II. 10 m. SE. from Concord, and 25 NW. from Exeter. ALLENSTOWN, t. Monmouth co. N. J. 11 m. E. from Trenton. ALLENTOWN, t. and cap. Lehigh co. Pa. on Lehigh river. 52 m. NNW. from Phila delphia, 18 m. SW. from Easton, and 6 m. from Bethlehem. It it beautifully situated on an elevation in the midst of a well cultivated pleasant country. It contains, besides the county buildings, a bank, printing office, several dry goods stores, and a number of merchant mills. The principal staple, flour. Distance from Washington 178 ms. ALLENSVILLE, v. Mifllin co. Pa. ALLENSVILLE, v. Warren co. Ten. ALLENTOWN, v. Montgomery co. (N. C.) S. W. from Raleigh. ALLEY, t. Queens co. N. Y. ALLOW AY CREEK, t. Salem co. N. J. ALLOW AY, r. Salem co. N. J. runs into the Delaware. ALL AMII 175 ALL-SAINTS, islands near Cuadaloupc, in the W. Indies. ALL-SAINTS, parish, Georgetown district, S.C. ALLUVIAL. WAY, or Ridge-Road, ridge, lying along the S. shore of lake Ontario, at the distance of from G to 10 m. Its general width is from 4 to 8 rods, and it is raised in the middle with a handsome crowning arch, from 6 to 10 feet. A road is opened upon it from Lewiston to Genesee river, a distance of 87 miles. It is a grand work of nature, and esteemed a great curiosity. ALNA, t. Lincoln co. Maine; 10 m. N. of Wiscasset, 190 m. from Boston. ALSACE, t. Berks co. Pa. ALSACE, t. Berks co. Pa. on E. side of the Schuylkill. Pop. 1,275. ALSTEAD, t. Cheshire co. N. H.; 8 m. NE. from Walpolc, 14 m. N. from Keene, 82 m. WNW. from Portsmouth, 460 m. from Washington. Pop. 1,694. It is a valuable ag ricultural town, and contains a paper-mill, an oil-mill, and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and one for Baptists. ALSTON, t N. C. on Little river, not far from the sea; 20 m. W. from Brunswick. Lon. 78 35 W. Lat. 33 54 N. ALTAMAHA, navigable river, Georgia, formed by the junction of the Oakmulgec and Oconcc. After the junction, the Alta- inaha becomes a large river, flowing with a gentle current through forests and plains upwards of 100 miles, and runs into St. Simon s sound by several mouths, 60 m. SW. from Savannah. Its length to its source is about 500 m. ALTAMAHA, t. Georgia, at the union of the Oconee and Oakmulgee. Lon. 83. W. Lat. 33. 54. N. ALTON, t. StrafFord co. N. H.; S. from lake Winnipiseogee ; 33 m. NW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 1,279. ALTON, t. Madison co. Illinois, on the Mississippi, 3 miles above the mouth of the Missouri. It is recently established, and regularly laid out. Near it there is a coaJ mine. ALUM CREEK, r. Ohio. It is the west erly branch of the Big Walnut, which, after a course of about 35 miles, it joins in SE. part of Franklin co. AM AP ALL A, t. Mexico, in Nicaragua, on a point of land running into the Pacific, 12 m from San Miguel. AMAPALLA, large gulf on the W. coast of America, between Guatimala and Nicara gua; nearly 60 m in length, and from 9 to 30 m. in breadth .- also called the Gulf of Fon- seca. 100 m. NW. from Leon. Lon. 88 56 W. Lat. 13 30 N. AMANDA, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 836 AMBER, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. ; 5 m. from Otis, 393 m. from Washington. AMBOY, or Perth Amboy, city, and s-p Middlesex co. N. J., at the head of Raritan bay, on a point of land formed by the unioi of the river Rarifan with Arthur Kull Sound 35 m, SW: from New York, 74 m, NE. from hiladelphia, 210 in. from Washington. Lat. 4<P 30 . It has one of the best harbors on the continent. AMBOY SOUTH, t. Middlesex co. N. J. tt the mouth of Raritan river, opposite Perth Amboy. AMELIA, co. Va. in the SE. part of the state. Pop. 11,031, of whom 7,518 are slaves. The C. H. is 47 m. from Richmond, and 16 from Washington. AMELIA, isl. in the Atlantic, on the coast of E. Florida, 7 leagues N. from St. Augus tine, at the mouth of St. Mary s river. Lat. 30 28 N. It is 13 m. long and 2 broad, ~hief town, Fernandina. AMELIASBURG, t. Prince Edwards co. Upper Canada, on the bay of Quinti, SW. from Kingston. AMENIA, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 24 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie. Here is a marble quarry. Pop. 2,389. AMERICA, t. and cap. Alexander co. Illi nois, on the Ohio r. 7 m. from its junction with the Mississippi. AMES, v. Athens co. Ohio, 12 m. NE. from Athens. AMESBURY, t. in Essex co. Mass., about 4 m. from Ncwburyport, and 50 m. NE. from Boston- It is a flourishing place, being situ ated on a navigable river. Pop. 2,445. AMHERST, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 8 m. NE. from Northampton, 85 W. from Boston. In 1821, a college was established here. It is now in a flourishing condition ; it has 7 pro fessors, 3 tutors, and 200 students. The an nual expenses of a student are from 90 to 118 dollars, including college bills and board. AMHERST ISLAND, small isl. in E. end of lake Ontario. AMHERST, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 30 m. S. from Concord, 48 m. NW. from Boston 60 m. W. from Portsmouth, and 484 m. from Washington. Lat. 42 54 N. Pop. 1,657. In the central part of Amherst there is a pleasant plain on which a handsome village is built, containing a court-house, a jail, a Con gregational meeting-house, a printing-office, cotton and woollen manufactories, valuable mills, &c. The Souhcgan flows through the southern part of the town. The courts for the county are held alternately here and at Hopkinton. AMHERST, co. of Va. having the Blue Ridge, or Rockbridge, NW., Nelson NE., James river, or Buckingham and Campbell, SE., James river, or Bedford, SW. Pop. 12,072, of whom 5,927 are slaves. The C. H. is 136 m. from Richmond, and 180 from Washington. AMHERST SPRINGS, v. Amherst co. Va. 124 m. W. from Richmond. AMHERSTBURG, or Maiden, t. and cap. Essex co. Upper Canada, on Detroit r. 3 m. above its entrance into lake Erie, and 14 be low Detroit. It has about 150 houses, and a good harbor, with anchorage in 3 fathoms. AMHERST, t. Cumberland co. Nova Scotia, on Chignecto bay, at the entrance of the rivers La rkncli, Napan, and Macon. 176 AMI AND AMISSVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va. 86 m. W. from Washington. AMITE, co. Mississippi, on Amito r. Chief town, Liberty. Pop. 7,943. AMITE, r. Mississippi, runs into the Iber- ville 40 m. above its entrance into lake Mau- repas. It is navigable for boats nearly to iis source. AMITY, v. Orange co. N. Y. AMITY, v. Washington co. Pa. AMITY, t. Berks co. Pa. AMMONOOSUC, (Lower,) r. N. H. which rises in the White Mountains, and runs into the Connecticut, in Bath. Length about 50 miles. AMMONOOSUC, (Upper,) r. N. H. which runs into the Connecticut, in Northumber land. Length 50 miles. AMOSKEAG FALLS, on the Merrimack, in N. H. ; 7 miles below Hookset Falls and 15 below Concord, between Goffstown and Manchester. The water falls 48 feet in the course of half a mile. These falls are shunned by a canal. AMSTERDAM, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on N. side of the Mohawk ; 30 m. NW. from Albany, and 392 m. from Washington. Pop. 3,354. This town contains valuable mills and manufactures of iron. AMWELL, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. ; E. the Delaware ; 34 NNE. from Philadelphia. Pop. of the township, 5,777. Here is an academy. AMWELL, t. Washington co. Pa.; SE. from Washington. Pop. 1,673. ANCRAM, t. Columbia co. N. Y., on An- cram creek, about 20 m. SE. from Hudson. Here are extensive iron works, at which are made large quantities of excellent iron. The ore is principally obtained from Salisbury in Connecticut. A lead mine is also found here. ANCRAM CREEK, r. Columbia co. N. Y. which runs into the Hudson, opposite Catskill. ANASTASIA, isl. off the E. coast of Florida, opposite the city of St. Augustine. It is about 25 miles long, and is separated from the main land by an arm of the sea called Matanzas river. It contains quarries of freestone. Lon. 81 36 W. lat. 29 49 N. ANCASTER, t. Lincoln co. Upper Canada, SW. York. ANCHOR POINT, NW. coast of Amer ica, on the E. side of Cooke s inlet. Lon. 208 48 E. Lat. 59 39 N. ANCOCUS CREEK, N. J. falls into the Delaware, 6 m. SW. Burlington. It is navi gable 16 miles. ANDALUSIA, t. Bucks co. Pa. 96 m. from Harrisburg. ANDERSON, v. Sussex co. N. J. ANDERSON, co. East Tennessee, on Clinch r. NW. Knoxville. Chief town, Clin ton. Pop. 4,668. Slaves, 349. Engaged in agriculture, 1,310 ; in commerce, 4. ANDERSON, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 2,122. ANDERSON S ISLAND, on the NW. coast of America. Lon.167 3 40 W. Lat. 63 10 N, ANDERSON S-STORE, v. Caswell co. N. C. 56 m. NW. Raleigh. ANDERSON S, r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio below Troy. ANDERSONVILLE, v. Edgefield district, S C ANDERSONVILLE, v. Hancock co. Mis- ANDOVER, t. Oxford co. Maine. Pop. 368. ANDOVER, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 18 m. NW from Concord. Pop. 1,642. It contains a printing-press, several mills and manufactures. In 1818, a legacy of $10,000 was bequeathed by Mr. Joseph Noyes for the establishment of an academy in this town. ANDOVER, t. Windsor co. Vt. 20 m. SW. from Windsor. Pop. 957. ANDOVER, t. Sussex co. New York, 30 m. N. from Trenton, 40 m. WNW. from New York. ANDOVER, t. Essex co. Mass. 20 m. N. from Boston ; 1 6 WNW. from Salem ; and 20 W. from Newburyport. Pop. 4,540. It is an opulent agri cultural town, and contains two large parishes. The south parish has a number of manufac turing establishments. The theological semi nary in this place is richly endowed. Its buildings comprise four dwelling houses for the officers, and three spacious public edifices. The library contains over 5,000 volumes, and there are four theological professors. The number of students ranges from 120 to 150. Phillips Academy in this town is the most flourishing academy in the state. It was founded in 1778, by the Hon. Samuel Phillips, Esq. of Andover, and his brother, the Hon. John Phillips, LL. D. of Exeter. Its officers are a principal, 3 assistants, a teacher of sacred music, and a writing master. The number of students ranges from 120 to 150. The institution is accommodated with a large and commodious brick building, 80 feet by 40, erected in 1818, on a range with the buildings of the theological seminary. The theological seminary was founded in 1808, and has been riclily endowed, entirely by private bounty. The whole amount of what has been con tributed for permanent use in this seminary, including the permanent funds, library and public buildings, is more than three hundred and Jifty thousand dollars, and this has been, contributed almost entirely from six families. The buildings are on a lofty eminence, and command an extensive prospect A majority of the students are supported in whole or in part by charity. The academy and the the ological seminary are under the same board of trustees. ANDOVER, t. Tolland co. Connecticut, 15 m. E. from Hartford. ANDOVER, t. Sussex co. N. J.; 10 m. S. from Newton, 18 NW. from Morristown. It is famous for its iron works. ANDOVER, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 21 m. from Concord. Pop. 1324. ANDOVER, t. Windsor co. Vt. 68 m, S Montpelicr. Pop. 975. AND ANT 177 ANDOVER, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 285 m. W. Albany. Pop. 598. ANDOVER, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 200 m. NE. of Columbus. ANDREWS, St., a seaport town of New Brunswick, at the entrance of Passamaquoddy river. ANDREWS-BRIDGE, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 38 m. SE, Harrisburg. ANDROSCOGGIN, or Ameriscoggin, r. which rises from Umbagog Lake, N. H. It has a course of about 40 m. in N. H. and after a course of about 100 m. in SW. part of Maine, flows into the Kcnnebeck, which it joins 18 m. from the sea, at Merrymeeting Bay, 6 m. above Bath, ANDROSCOGGIN, Little, r. Maine, which flows into the Androscoggin N. of Poland. ANGELICA, t. and cap. Alleghany co. N. Y. ; E. of the Genesee ; 40 W. Bath, 285 W. Albany, W. 337. Pop. 998. ANGOLA, v. Erie co. N. Y. 291 m. W. Albany. ANGUILLA, or Snake Island, the most northerly of the English Leeward Islands in the West Indies. It is 30 m. long and 3 broad, winding somewhat in the manner of a snake, and is 60 m. NW. of St. Christopher. Long 62 35 W. lat. 18 15 N. One of the Bahama Islands is also called Anguilla. ANN, St., a town of New Brunswick, situ ate on the river St. John nearly opposite to Fredericton, and 80 m. above the city of St John. Also the name of a lake in Upper Canada, to the N. of Lake Superior. ANNAPOLIS, formerly Severn, city and port of entry, Anne Arundel co. Md., on the SW. side of the Severn, 2 m. from its mouth : 28 SSE. Baltimore, 40 ENE. from W. Long 76 3 48 W. lat. 39 N. Pop. about 2,623 It is the seat of the state government, is a pleasant and healthy town, and contains a spacious and elegant state-house, a market house, a theatre, a bank, and two houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. The streets converge to the state house and to the Episcopal church, as two centres. Two newspapers, are published here The flourishing state of Baltimore has injurec the trade of this city. St. John s College, a Roman Catholic insti tution, incorporated in 1782, was for some years in operation in this city ; but a few years ago, it was deprived of its funds by the legis lature. The instruction has been discon tinued. ANNAPOLIS, a sea-port of Nova Scotia, on the E. side of the Bay of Fundy. It has one of the finest harbors in the world; but the entrance is through a difficult strait, called the Gut of Annapolis. The town stands on the S. side of the harbor, at the mouth of a river of its name, 86 m. W. by N. of Halifax. Lon 64 55 W. lat. 44 50 N. ANNAPOLIS, v. Salem township, Jefferson co. Ohio, 135 m. NE. Columbus. ANNE ARUNDEL, a county of Maryland, on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay Pop. 2.8,295. Annapoli* is the chief town. ANN BOOR, v. Maury co. Tenn.; 782 m. rom W. ANN, Cape, a point of land which forms the S". side of Massachusetts Bay. Two light- louses on an island at the extremity of this Cape are in N. lat. 42 40. W. long. 70 38 . ANN, Fort, a town in Washington co. N. Y. between the North river and Lake Cham- plain. Pop. 3,201. ANNSVILLE, v. Dinwiddie co. Va. 54 m. 3. of Richmond. ANSON, a county of North Carolina, bor dering on South Carolina, and bounded on the NE. by the Yadkin river. Pop. 14,081. Wades- borough, 142 m. SW. by W. of Raleigh, is the hief town. ANSON, t. Somerset co. Me. on the Ken- nebec river. Pop. 1,532. ANTAUGA, a county of Alabama on the river Alabama. Washington is the chief town. Pop. 11,872. ANTHONY S, or St. Anthony s Nose, pro montory in New York, E. of the Hudson : 1,128 feet high ; 52 N. New- York, 6 S. West Point It is 877 feet above the river. ANTHONY, St., Falls of, on the Missis sippi river, in N. lat. 45 W. long. 93, being more than 2,000 m. above the entrance of the river into the Gulf of Mexico. There is a fort in the Missouri Territory, on the point of land formed by the St. Peter s river, which river falls into the Mississippi just below the Falls of St. Anthony. ANTHONY S KILL, r. N. Y. which rises in Ballston, and runs into the Hudson,. 8 N. from Waterford. ANTICOSTI, an island at the mouth of the river St. Lawrence, 90 m. long and 20 broad. It is full of rocks, covered with wood 1 , and has no harbor ; but excellent cod is found on the shores. ANTIETAM, a small tributary of the Po tomac, running into it near Shepardstown. ANTIGUA, one of the English Leeward Islands, in the West Indies, about 20 m. in length and breadth, and 60 E. by S. of St. Christopher. It is destitute of water, and the inhabitants are obliged to save the rain-water in cisterns. The chief produce is sugar, of which it annually produces about 10,000 hogs heads. It was taken by the French in 1782, but restored in 1783. The capital is St John. ANTILLES, the name which the French give to the Caribbee or West India islands, which see. ANTONIO DE BEHAR, San, the capital of Texas, on the San Antonio river. It is a village composed of mud cabins covered with turf. ANTRIM, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 21 m. NW. Amherst, 30 WSW. Concord, 75 W. Portsmouth, 469 from W. Pop. 1,309. ANTRIM, t. Franklin co. Pa. It is watered by the Conecocheague, iind borders on Mary land. ANTRIM, Crawford co. Ohio. ANTWERP, t. Jefferson co. N. Y.; 180 m, NW, Albany, 474 from W. Pop. 2,412. 178 ANY ASC ANVIL, t. Lebanon co. Pa. ANVILLE, t. Dauphin co. Pa.; about 55 in. WWW. Philadelphia, 130 from W. APALACHIAN MOUNTAINS, the name given to the immense chain extending along the whole Atlantic coast of the United States, from Alabama to Maine. In the southern states they are 200 m. from the sea, but as they extend northward approach near the coast. They run generally in parallel ridges, and their various divisions go by different names. These arc the Cumberland Mountains of Tennessee, the Blue Mountains of Virginia, the Alleghany and Laurel Mountains of Pennsylvania, the Catskill Mountains of New York, the Green ountains of Vermont, and the White Moun- ins of New Hampshire. They are some times broken into groups and isolated chains. Their highest summits are in New Hampshire ; and are between 6 and 7,000 ft. above the level of the sea. East of the Hudson they are grani tic. In the W. and S. they consist of granite, gneiss, miea and clay slate, primitive lime stone, &c. Their name in the language of the Indians signifies endless. APALACHICOLA, a river of North Ameri ca, formed by the junction of the Chatahooche and Flint, at an old Indian fort of the same name on the south confines of Georgia, and thence flows between West and East Florida into Apalache Bay, in the Gulf of Mexico, east of Cape Blaize. APOQUINIMINK, r. Newcastle co. Dela ware, which runs E. into Delaware Bay, 3 in. below Reedy Island. APOQUINIMINK. See CcmtweWs Bridge. APOQUINIMINK, hundred, on S. side of Newcastle co. Delaware. APULIA, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 129 m. W. Albany. APPLETON, t. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 735. APPLING, a county of Georgia, in the SE. part of the state, upon the Altamaha. Pop. 1,468. APPLINGVILLE, the chief town of Co lumbia co. Gecv. 93 m. from Milledgevillc. APPOMATOX, r. Virginia, which rises in Campbell co., and after an easterly course of about 120 m. unites with James river at City Point. It is navigable to Petersburg. AQUACKANOCK, t. Essex co. N. J. on the Passaic; 10 m. above Newark, 226 from W. It is a very pleasant village. The Passaic is navigable to this place for small schooners. AQUIA, t. Stafford co. Va. on Aquia creek, m. above its entrance into the Potomac ; 42 m. from W. At this place, and in the vicinity on Aquia creek, are found extensive quarries of freestone, of which the Capitol at Washing ton and the President s House were built. AQUIA CREEK, r. Stafford co. Virginia, which flows SE., and joins the Potomac, 14 m. NE. Fredericksburg, 54 below W. AQUIA RUN MILLS, v. Stafford co. Va.; 48 m. from W. ARARAT, mt. Pa. in Luzcrne and Wayne counties. It is 15 rn. long. ARARAT, or Pilot Mountain, N. C. on N. side the Yudkin, and E. the river Ararat, 9 m. NW. Bethania. It is about a mile in height, and rises in the form of a pyramid, with an area of an acre at top, on which is a rock 300 feet high. From the summit of this rock there is an extensive, variegated, and delightful pros pect. ARBELA, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 45 m. E. of Hanisburg. ARCHER, t. Harrison co. Ohio. ARGYLE, t. Penobscot co. Me. Pop. 326. ARGYLE, t. Washington co. N. Y. on E. side of the Hudson ; 45 m. N. Albany, 403 m. from W. Pop. 3,459. There are two post villages, at each of which there is a Presbyte rian meeting-house. Bog ore in great quanti ties is found in this town. ARKANSAS TERRITORY. See p. 155. ARKANSAS, or Arkansaw, or Akansas, r. Louisiana, which rises in the Rocky Moun tains, about N. lat. 42 r near the sources of the Del Norte, and unites with the Mississippi, lat. 33 40 N. Its course is ESE, It is navi gable 1,980 m.; its whole length is 2,170 m. Its channel is broad, and its navigation safe, unobstructed by rocks, shoals or rapids. Sil ver is found on the upper parts of tins river, and much of the land on its banks is of the fiist quality. ARKPORT, v. in Canisteo, Steuben co. N. Y., on the Canisteo; 25 m. SW. Bath, 323 m. from W. ARLINGTON, t. Bennington co. Vt. 40 m. from Troy, Saratoga Springs, Whitehall and Rutland. Pop. 1,207. It has quarries of mar ble and lime-stone, and a mineral spring. ARMAGH, t. Indiana co. Pa. ; W. 160 m Harrisburg. ARMAGH, t. Mifflin ox Pa. ARMOND, St., a town of Lower Canada at the N. end of Lake Champlain. ARMSTRONG, co. Pa., watered by the Allcghany; bounded N. by Venango co., E. by Jefferson and Indiana cos., SW. by West moreland CO M and W. by Butler co. Pop. 17,625. Chief town, Kittanning. ARMSTRONG, t. Indiana co. Pa. ARNOLD, t. York co. Maine ; 533 m. fromW. ARNOLD S OLD PLACE, v. Fauquier co. Va. ; 56 m. from W. AROOSTIC, r. which rises in Maine, runs ESE., and joins the St. Johns on the western border of New Brunswick, in lat. 42 5 N. It is navigable for boats 40 m. ARUNDEL T t York co. Maine, on the sea coast ; 21 NE. York, 86 NNE. Boston. ASBURY, v. Warren eo. N. J. 34 m. NW. Trenton. ASCENSION, a parish in the eastern dis trict of Louisiana, upon the Mississippi. The soil is rich, and produces sugar and cotton. DonaMson, 75 rn. from New Orleans, is the chief town. Pop. of the parish, 5,400. ASCUTNEY, mt. Vt. between Windsor and Weathcrsfield. The summit is 5 m. W. of the Connecticut, and 5 SW. Windsor village. Ac cording to~Ca.pt. Partridge it is 2,903 feet above the river at Windsor bridge, and 3,320 above the sea. The summit is composed of granite, ASH ATK 179 and the prospect from the top is very beauti ful. ASHBOROUGH, t. and cap. Randolph co. N. C. on Deep river ; 42 m. E. Salisbury, 85 W. Raleigh ; 362 from W. ASHBURNHAM, t. Worcester co. Mass. 29 rn. N. Worcester, 55 NW. Boston ; 462 from W. Pop. 1,403. There are 2 mountains in this township, Great and Little Wetatick. The former lies in NE. part of the town, the latter SW. of it ASHBY, t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 31 m. N. Worcester, 53 NW. Boston ; 484 from W. Pop. 1,240. ASHFIELD, t. Franklin co. Mass.; 11 m, SW. Greenfield, 105 W. Boston, 410 from W. Pop. 1,732. ASHFORD, t Windham co. Ct ; 15 m. N. Windham, 29 ENE. Hartford, 369 from W. Pop. 2,668. ASHFORD, New, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 20 m. N. Lenox, 121 W. Boston. ASHLAND, t. Montgomery township, Rich- land co. Ohio, 90 m. from Columbus. ASHLEY, r. S. C. which rises in N. part Charleston district, runs SSE. and unites with the Cooper, on SW. side of the city of Charles ton. ASHTABULA, a county at the NE. ex tremity of Ohio, bordering on Lake Erie. Pop. 14,584. Jefferson is the chief town. ASHTABULA, t. in the above county, on Lake Erie, 200 in. from Columbus. It has a good harbor, and is a flourishing town. .ASHTABULA, a stream of Ohio, about 30 m. in length, running into Lake Erie. ASHTON, t. Delaware co. Pa., on Chester creek. Pop. 765. ASHUELOT, mt. N. II., in Winchester and Swansey. ASHUELOT, or Ashwillet, r. N. H., which runs SW. into the Connecticut, in Hinsdale. ASHVILLE, v. Buncombe co. N. C. ; 520 m. from W. ASSAQUIN CREEK, r. Virginia, which runs into York river, between Hanover and New Kent counties. ASSINIBOINS, or Asseneloyne, a river of North America, falling into the SW. end of Lake Winnipeg ; the North-west Fur Trading Company have a house on the south bank of the river, about 15 in. above its entrance into the lake. ASSONET, v. Bristol co. in the township of Freetown, Mass. ; on E. side of Taunton river ; 8 m. S. Taunton, 30 S. Boston, 446 from W. ASSUMPTION, t. and settlement, La- fourche ; 50 m. S. Baton Rouge, 1,351 from W Pop. 5,400. ASTORIA, settlement, on W. coast of N. America, on S. side of the Columbia, near its mouth. It was formed about 3 years since on account of the fur trade. ASYLUM, t. Luzerne co. Pa, on the Sus- quehannah; 59 m. NW. Wilkesbarre, 284 from W. ATCHAFALAYA, an outlet of the Missis sippi, which it leaves 3 m. below the junction of the Red river ; and after a course of 193 m. it flows into a bay of the same name. Lon. 91 20 W. lat. 29 20 N. ATHAPESCOW, a lake in the N. part of British America, discharging its waters into Slave Lake. It is 200 m. long. ATHENS, t. Somerset co. Maine; 20 m. NNE. Norridgewock. Pop, 1,200. ATHENS, t Windham co. Vt. ; 26 m. SSE. Windsor. Pop. 415. ATHENS, t. Greene co. N. Y. on W. bank of the Hudson, opposite Hudson city ; 28 m. S. Albany, 335 from W. Pop. 2,425. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and has some manufactures and considerable trade. ATHENS, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 125 m. E, Columbus, ATHENS, t. Bradford co. Pa., at the con flux of the Tioga and Susquehannah, 304 m. fromW. ATHENS, co. Ohio. Pop. 9,763. ATHENS, t. and cap. Athens co. Ohio : 41 m. W. from Marietta, 52 m. E. from Chillico- the, and 347 m. from Washington. Lon. 182 T W. Lat. 39 23 N. It is situated on an elevated peninsula, formed by a large bend of the Hockhocking, which meanders about the town. The situation is pleasant and healthy, and commands an extensive prospect. It con tains a court-house, a jail, and about 40 houses, and has valuable mills in its vicinity. An institution is established here, sty led the Ohio University, which is endowed with 46,000 acres of land, yielding about 2,300 dollars annually. A considerable part of this is appropriated to the support of an academy, which is in a flourishing state. A college edi fice of brick, large and elegant, was erected in 1817. ATHENS, t. Limestone oo. Alabama. It is situated between Huntsville and the Muscle Shoals, in a central part of the county, and is the present seat of justice. ATHENS, t. Clarke co. Georgia ; 7 m. N. from Watkinsville, 94 m. WNW. from Au gusta, and 197 m. NW. from Savannah. Lat. 35 15 N. Pop. 1,100. It has an elevated, pleasant, and healthy situation. A weekly newspaper is published here. Franklin College, which, together with the incorporated acade mies of the state, is styled the University of Georgia, was incorporated and established at this place in 1784, but did not go into opera tion till 1803. The faculty consists of a president and six professors. The libraries contain 4,500 vols. The students in 1831 were 95. ATHOL, t. Worcester co. Mass, on Miller s river; 33 m. NW. from Worcester, 72 m. WNW. from Boston, and 429 m. from Wash ington. Pop. 1,325. It is watered by Miller s river, and contains manufactories of cotton and paper. ATHOL, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, N. of Hadley, and 81 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 909. ATKINSON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 20 m. WNW. from Newburyport, 29 SW. from Portsmouth, and 483 from W. Here is a re spectable academy. 180 ATS AVO ATSION, a village in Burlington co. N. J. 30 m. E. by S. from Philadelphia, It contains several iron founderies. ATTAKAPAS, t Attakapas district, Louis iana; 1,412 m. from W. ATTAKAPAS, district, Louisiana, on the Gulf of Mexico, W. of the Atchafalaya. ATTICA, t Genesee co. N. Y. : 20 m. S. from Batavia, and 440 m. from Washington. Pop. 2,485. ATTLEBOROUGH, t. Bristol co. Mass.; 15 m WNW. from Taunton, 28 m. SW from Boston, and 428 m. from Washington. Lon. 71 21 W. Lat. 42 N. Pop. 3,215. It con tains several cotton and woollen factories. ATTLEBOROUGH, t. Bucks co. Pa.; 4 m. NW. from Bristol, and 163 m. from Wash ington. ATTLEBURY, t Dutchess co. N. Y. 352 m. from Washington. ATWATER, t. Portage co. Ohio ; 140 m. NE. of Columbus. AUBURN, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. AUBURN, two towns, in Geauga and Rich- land counties, Ohio. AUBURN, t the chief town in Cayuga co, N, Y. 169 m. W. from Albany. It contains a theological seminary and the N. York State Prison. Pop. 4,486. AUGLAIZE, r. a branch of the Maumee, Ohio, AUGUSTA, L and cap. Kennebeck co, Maine, on W. bank of the Kennebeck ; 2 m. N. from Hallowcll, 56 m. NNE. from Port land, 168 m. NE. from Boston, and 612 from Washington. Pop. 3,980. It is a pleasant town, and contains a court-liouse, a jail, a female academy, a Congregational meeting house, a printing-office, a bank, and has con siderable trade. Here is an elegant bridge across the Kennebeck, consisting of two arches, each 180 feet. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons. AUGUSTA, t. Saratoga o. N. Y., formed in 1817 from a part of Halfmoon. AUGUSTA, t Oneida co. N. Y.; 12 m SW. from Utica, and 409 m. from Washing ton. Pop. 3,058. AUGUSTA, t. Sussex co. N. J.; 224 m from Washington. AUGUSTA, t. Northumberland Co. Pa^ on E, side of the Susquehannah. AUGUSTA, t and cap. Bracken co. Ken tucky, on the Ohio ; 22 m. below Maysville 60 m. NE. from Lexington, and 510 m. from Washington. It is a very pleasant town, anc contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and a meeting Jiouso. AUGUSTA, city, and cap. Richmond co Georgia, on the Savannah ; 73 m. SW. from Columbia, 87 m. ENE. from Milledgeville, 123 m. NNW. from Savannah, 138 m. WNW from Charleston, and 589 m. from Washing ton. Lon. 80 46 W. lat 33 19 N. Pop. in 1810, 2,476, in 1818, about 4,000, and in 1830, 6,696. It contains a court-house, a jail a market-house, an academy, an insurance office, several banks, one of which is a brand of the United States bank, and four houses of jublic worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. It is regularly laid out and landsomely built, mostly of brick. Several of the public buildings, and many of the private tiouses, are spacious and elegant. It is a very flourishing commercial town, and probably has as much trade as any other place of its size in the United States. Immense quantities of cotton, considerable tobacco, and some other kinds of produce are brought to Augusta from the back country, and conveyed in boats down the river to Savannah. AUGUSTA, a county of the W. District of Virginia, near the centre of the state, subdi vided into N. and S. Augusta. Pop. of N. A. 9,142, of S. A. 10,783. Staunton is the seat of justice for both. AUGUSTA, v. Perry co. Mississippi; 72 m. SE. from Monticello. AUGUSTA, v. Montgomery co. Alab. 67 m. E. from Cahawba. AUGUSTA, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. AUGUSTINE, St. t. St. John s co. E. Florida, on the eastern coast. It was formerly the capital of the whole territory of Florida. The town stands in a prairie near the sea, with a good harbor, which however has a shallow entrance. It is regularly built of a stone formed by the concretion of sea-shells. One of the churches is an old edifice in the Gothic style. The situation of the town is low, but pleasant. In the neighborhood are numerous groves of orange trees. Before it came into the possession of the United States, its population was about 5,000. Since this period the yellow fever has made its appear ance, and the population has diminished. St. Augustine is 310 m. SSW. of Charleston, in lat. 29 45 N. Ion. 81 40 W. AURELIUS, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 173 m. W. from Albany, on Owasco lake. Pop. 2,767, AURELIUS, t. Washington co. Ohio; 96 m. SE. from Columbus. AURIESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. C. 123 m. SW. from Raleigh. AURORA, t. Erie co. N. Y. 175 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 2,421. AURORA, t. Portage co. Ohio; 140 m. NE. from Columbus. AURORA, v. Dearborn co. In. 25 m. W. from Cincinnati. AUSTERLITZ, t. Columbia co. N. J 34 m. SE. from Albany. Pop. 2,245. AUSTINBURY, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio; 192 m. NE. from Columbus ; has a number of mills and woollen manufactories. AUSTINTOWN, t. Trumbull co. Ohio; 160 m. NE. from Columbus. Pop. 1,259. AUSTINVILLE, v. Wythe co. Va. on the Kanahwa. AVARYSVILLE, t Columbia co. Georgia 609 m. from W. AVERY, t. Huron co. Ohio; 409 m. from W. AVERYSBOROUGH, t. Cumberland co N. C., on Cape Fear river; 25 m. N. from Fayetteville, 35 SL from Raleigh, and 322 from W. Loru 78 55 W. lat. 35 18 N. AVON, t. Somerset co. Me. ; 35 m. NW. AVO BAT from Norridgewock, and 210 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 745. AVON, t. Ontario co. N. Y n on E. side of the Genesee; 21 m. W. from Canandaigua, and 366 from W. AVON, t. Livingston co. N. Y. 236 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 2,362. AVON, t. Lorain co. Ohio ; 146 m. NE. from Columbus. AVOYELLES, a parish in the western district of Louisiana, between the Mississippi, Red and Atchafalaya rivers. It produces great quantities of cotton. Pop. 3,488. Marks- ville is the chief town. Lon. 91 50 W. lat. 31 21 N. AVOYELLES, district, Louisiana, S. from Red river. AVOYELLES, t. Avoyelles district, Louis iana, about 56 m. from the Mississippi, and 1332 from W. AURELIUS, t. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. on E. side of Cayuga lake ; 175 m. W. from Albany, and 385 from W. Pop. 4,642. It contains 3 post-villages, Auburn, Cayuga, and Union Springs, and has an academy. Auburn is the seat of justice for the county. This is a wealthy and flourishing town. AURORA, t. Niagara co. N. Y. AURORA, v. in Scipio, N. Y., on the E. side of Cayuga lake ; 16 m. SW. from Auburn, and 378 from W. It is a pleasant and flour ishing village, and has an academy. AURORA, t. Portage co. Ohio; 347 m. from W. AUSTENVILLE, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. AUSTERLITZ, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 315 m. from W. AUSTIN, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Austinburg, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand river; 8 m. W. from Jefferson, and 362 from W. AUSTINSVILLE, t. Wythe co. Va. on the Kenhawa; 16 m. N. from Greensville, and 360 from W. AUSTINTOWN, t. Warren co. Ohio ; 296 m. from W. AUSTIN S CREEK, r. Georgia, which runs into the Savannah, about 12 m. NW. from Savannah. AU-VASE, r. Illinois, which flows into the Mississippi, 55 m. above the Ohio. It is navi gable for boats 60 m. through a fine prairie country. AYERSTOWN, t. Burlington co. N. J. on Ancocus creek ; 13 m. SE. from Burlington. AYLETTS, v. King William co. Va. ; 120 m. from W. AYRESBURY, v. N. J. on the Muscone- cunk. B. BAAL S RIVER, in West Greenland, empties in Ion. 50 10 W. lat. 64 30 N. BACALAL, lake, Mexico, in Yucatan, 36 m. SW. from Valladolid. BACANO BAY, on the S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 74 59 W. lat. 20 6 N. BACHELDOR, t. Oxford co. Me., 20. m. W- from Paris, BACHELOR S HALL, v. Tioga co. Pa 262 m. from W. BACHELOR S RETREAT, v. Pendleton co. S. C. ; 578 m. from W. BACK, short navigable river and inlet, Bal timore co. Md., which communicates with the Chesapeake, 4 m. N. of the Patapsco ; 10 m. BACON CASTLE, v. Surry co. Va. ; 197 m. from W. BACHOUANON, river of U. Canada, falls into lake Superior about midway between the falls of St. Mary and Red river. BACK CREEK, an arm of the Chesapeake bay, in Cecil co. Md. The west end of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal empties into Back Creek. BACK-CREEK VALLEY, v. Frederick co. Va. BACON CASTLE, v. Surry co. Va. 74 m. SE. from Richmond. BAFFIN S BAY, the most northern gulf or bay that has yet been discovered in North America. It extends beyond the 78th degree of N. lat. and communicates with the Atlantic ocean through Davis s Straits. On the W. side of this bay, in lat. 74 is Lancaster s Sound, through which Lieut. Parry, in the summers of 1819 and 1820, discovered a passage into the polar sea. He penetrated as far as the longitude of 113 47 W. from Greenwich, between the parallels of 74 and 75 N. lat. where his further progress was ar rested by the ice. BAGADUCE POINT, cape in Penobscot bay, Me. BAHAMA CHANNEL, or Gulf of Florida, the narrow sea between the coast of America and the Bahama islands, 135 m. long and 46 broad. The currents here are most violent, and vessels are frequently wrecked in passing through this strait. BAHAMA BANK, Great, a sand-bank ex tending from near the island of Cuba lat. 22 20 to the Bahama islands lat. 26 15 N. A smaller bank of this name lies N. of the island of Bahama. BAHAMA, or Lucayos Islands, in the At lantic ocean, opposite the coast of Florida, lying N. of Cuba and St. Domingo, be tween 21 and 28 N. lat. and 71 and 81 W. Ion. They have been estimated at 500, but of these a great proportion are nothing more than cliffs and rocks. The principal are Bahama, Eleuthera, Exuma, Providence, Gua- nahani, or St. Salvador, and Turk s island. The climate is in general salubrious. The number of slaves upon the whole islands, ac cording to a return made to Parliament in 1823, was 10,108, and the white population probably amounts to about 4,000. BAHIA HONDA, port of the N. side of the island of Cuba. Lat. 20 58 N. ; 60 m. SW. by W. from Havanna. BAILEYSBURG, v. Surry co. Va. 70 m. SE. from Richmond. BAINBRIDGE, formerly Jericho, t. Chc- nango co, N. Y. j 20 m. S. from Norwich, 120 182 BAT BAL WSW. from Albany, and 329 from W. Pop. 3,040. BAINBRIDGE, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Paint creek; 18 m. WSW. from Chillicothe, and 425 from W. It contains a forge and some other mills. BAINBRIDGE, v. Franklin co. Alab. on the Tennessee, 5 m. above Florence. BAINBRIDGE, Port, inlet on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 212 9| E. lat 59 55 N. BAINBRIDGE, t. Gauga co. Ohio. BAIRD S FORGE, v. Burke co. N. C.; 507 m. from W. BAIRD S TAVERN, v. Buckingham co. Va. ; 202 m. from W. BAIRDSTOWN, t. and cap. Nelson co. Kentucky, on Beech Fork river ; 40 m. SW. from Frankfort, 60 WSW. from Lexington, and 615 from W. Lon. 86 10 W. lat. 37 49 N. Pop. 820. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- house, a church, and a bank. BAKER, a county in the SW. part of Georgia. BAKERSTOWN, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 13 m. N. from Pittsburg. BAKER S FALLS, on the Hudson, be tween Kingsbury and Moreau, 52 m. above Albany. The descent is 76 feet within 60 rods. BAKER S ISLAND, small isl. in the At lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 70 47 W. lat. 44 34 N. BAKER S ISLAND, isl. Mass., off Salem harbor, opposite Manchester, three eighths of a mile long; 5 m. ENE. from Salem. There is a light-house on the north end. BAKER S RIVER, r. N. H. which runs SE. into the Merrimack, in Plymouth. BAKERSFIELD, t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 48 m. NNW. from Montpelier, and 526 from W. Pop. 1,087. BAKERSVILLE, t. Patrick co. Va. ; 14 m. from Henry C. H. and 321 from W. BALD EAGLE, r. Pa. which rises in Centre co., and passing through Mifflin and Ly coming counties, after a course of 50 m. runs into W. branch of the Susquehannah, about 12 m. W. of Jersey Shore. BALD EAGLE MOUNTAINS, in Pa.; 200 m. W. from Philadelphia. The valley below on the E. side is called Bald Eagle Valley, or Sinking Spring Valley. It is very pleasant, and remarkable for a phenomenon called the Swallows, which absorb several large streams and discharge them again, after a subterraneous passage of several miles. The valley is 5 m. wide, on the frontiers of Bedford county. BALD EAGLE, t. Centre co. Pa. BALD EAGLE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. BALD HEAD, point in Norton Sound, on the NW. coast of N. America. Lat. 64 43 N. Ion. 84 42 W. BALD HEAD, head land SW. side of Wells bay in Maine. Lon. 80 35 W, lat. 43 N. BALD HEAD, SW. end of Smith s island, at the mouth of Cape Fear river, N. C. It has a light-house ; 24 m. NNW. from Frying Pan shoal. Lon. 78 13 W. lat. 33 51 N. BALD MOUNTAINS, mountains of N. America, which bound Tennessee to the E. Lon. 82 35 W. lat. 35 50 N. BALDWIN, t. Cumberland co. Maine ; 40 m. NW. from Portland, 150 NNE. from Bos- ton, and 583 from W. Pop. 947. BALDWIN, co. central part of Georgia. Pop. 7,389. Chief town, Milledgeville. BALDWIN, co. Alabama, Chief town, Fort Stoddard. Pop. 2,324. BALDWINSVILLE, v. Columbia co. Geo. BALDWINSVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 453 m. from W. BALIZE, the principal entrance at the mouth of the Mississippi, 100 m. below New Orleans, 1377 m. from W. Long. 89 30 W. Lat. 29 6 N. Here are a fort and post-office, in Plaquemine co. On its banks the English have their principal establishments for cutting down mahogany, some of which are 200 m. above the mouth of the river. BALLARD S BRIDGE, t Chowan co. N. C. by post-road 199 m. NE. from Raleigh. BALLARD S CAPE, part of the island of Newfoundland. Lat 46 35 N. ; long. 24 34 E. from W. BALLSTON, t. and cap. Saratogo co. N Y. 28 m. N. from Albany, 390 m. from W. Pop. 2,113. In this township there is a court-house, a jail, an academy, and 6 houses for public worship. BALLSTON-SPA, v. partly in Ballston, but chiefly in Milton, N. Y. ; 26 m. N. from Al bany, from W. 393 m. It has a court-house, two printing-offices, a book-store, with which are connected a circulating library and a read ing-room ; an academy, and 2 houses for pub lic worship, one for Episcopalians, and one for Baptists. This place is famous for its mineral waters, which are much frequented by the gay and fashionable during the months of July and August. Hence, in addition to several inns, there are three large boarding-houses expressly designed for the accommodation of strangers. The waters possess a stimulating and refresh ing quality. Under the exhaustion of heat and fatigue, nothing can be more agreeable and reviving to the system. As a powerful remedy also in many diseases, they are well known and highly celebrated. Letters intended for per sons residing at the springs, should be direct ed to Ballston-Spa, as there is another post, office in the town of Ballston, at some distance from the village. Pop. ] ,909. BALLSVILLE, t. Powhatan co. Va. BALTIMORE, t. Windsor co. Vt. 11 m. SW. from Windsor. Pop. in 1810, 207. BALTIMORE, hundred, Sussex co. Del. Pop. 2,057. BALTIMORE, co. Md. on the W side of Chesapeake bay, N. of Patopsco r. Chief town, Baltimore. Pop. exclusive of the city and its precincts, 40,251. BAL BAL 183 BALTIMORE AND ITS ENVIRONS. BALTIMORE, city, and port of entry, Bal timore co. Md. is on the N. side of Patapsco r. 14 m. from its entrance into Chesapeake bay ; 38 m. NE. from W. 100 SW. from Philadel phia, 190 SW. from New York, 400 SW. from Boston, 160 NE. from Richmond, 230 ESE. from Pittsburg, 590 NNE. from Charleston. Lon. 76 36 W. ; lat. 39 IT N. Pop. of the city and precincts, 1790, 13,503; 1800, 26,415; 1810, 46,555; 1820, 62,738, and 1830, 80,625. Baltimore is well situated for commerce. It is connected by good" turnpike roads with various parts of Pennsylvania, and with the navigable waters which run into the Ohio. It possesses the trade of Maryland, and of a great portion of the back country of Pennsylvania, and the western states. In amount of shipping, it is the third city in the Union. It is the greatest flour market in the U. States. In its immedi ate neighborhood are about 60 flour mills, a single one of which has produced 32,000 bar rels in a year. There are also a number of establishments for the manufacture of cloth, cotton, paper, powder, iron, &c. The city is built around a bay, which sets up from the north side of the Patapsco, and affords a spa cious and convenient harbor. The strait which connects the bay with the river is very narrow, scarcely a pistol-shot across, and IB well defended by Fort M Henry. A small river, called Jones Falls, empties into the north side of the harbor, and divides the city into two parts, called the town and Fell s Point, which are connected by bridges. At Fell s Point, the water is deep enough for vessels of 500 or 600 tons, but none larger than 200 tons can go up to the town. Baltimore contains the state penitentiary ; the city and county alms-house; a court-house; 2 museums; 2 theatres ; a custom-house ; a hospital, in which there is a fine collection of anatomical prepa rations in wax ; an exchange, an immense edi fice of four stories; 5 market-houses; 10 banks, 45 houses of public worship, a public library, a lunatic asylum, an observatory, and several elegant public fountains. A marble monument to the memory of general Wash ington has been erected on an elevation at the north end of Charles street. The base is 50 feet square, and 23 feet high, on which is an other square of about half the extent and ele vation. On this is a lofty column, 20 feet in diameter at the base, and 14 at the top. On the summit of this column, 163 feet from the ground, the statue of Washington iw placed. BALTIMORE EXCHANGE AND MONUMENT. 184 BALBAR The Battle Monument, erected to the mem ory of those who fell in bravely defending their city from the attack of the British on the 12th and 13th of Sept. 1814, is a handsome struc ture of marble, situated on a large square in North Calvert street. The city is generally well built. The houses are chiefly of brick ; many of them are handsome, and some splen did. The streets intersect each other at right angles. Baltimore is supplied with water ta ken from the Jones falls, and conveyed to re servoirs, whence it is distributed to every part of the city. There are several literary insti tutions in this city. A medical college was founded in 1807. In 1812 the institution was enlarged, and received a new charter. It is now styled the University of Maryland, and embraces the departments of languages, arts, sciences, medicine, law, and divinity. The Baltimore and Ohio rail-road extends from this city to the Ohio river at Pittsburg, 300 m. It was begun in 1829, and a great portion of it is already completed. There are several viaducts and embankments in its course near Balti more, substantially built of granite, and a deep cut three quarters of a mile long and 70 feet deep. Many cars are already in operation upon the rail-road. Some of them are drawn by horse power, some driven by steam, and some by wind. The cars with sails go some times 25 miles an hour, and can lie within 4 points of the wind. The whole distance from Baltimore to Pittsburg, when completed, will be travelled, according to estimation, by horse power in 30 hours, and by steam in 20. An other rail-road has been commenced, to extend from Baltimore to York Haven on the Sus- quehanna, 60 m. BALTIMORE, New, t. Greene co. N. Y. 20 m. S. from Albany, on the Hudson. Pop. 2,370. BALTIMORE, New, Farquier co. Va. 45 m. from W. BALTIMORE, t. Sussex co. Del. compris ing the hundreds of Dagsborough, Indian River, Lewes, Rehoboth, and Broad Kiln. BANGOR, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 204 m. NW, from Albany. Pop. 1076. BANGOR, t. and cap. Penobscot co. Maine, on the W. side of Penobscot r. at the head of navigation, 35 m. N. from Castine, and 52 from Owl s Head, at the mouth of Penobscot bay Pop. 2868. It is not open for shipping during the winter, but at other seasons it is of very easy access for vessels of almost any size, anc the river is open at all times within 12 m. to Frankfort. Bangor is the natural market for a large portion of the interior of Maine. It is a flourishing place, and contains a court-house bank, and printing-office. A theological sem. mary was opened here in 1815, styled " The Maine Charity School." It is under the direc tion of 2 professors and a preceptor. Its de sign is to prepare young men for the ministry by a shorter course of study than is usual The qualifications for admission are a know ledge of English grammar, arithmetic, Latin grammar, and some acquaintance with the Latin classicB. The term of study is four years BANISTER, v. Halifax co. Va. 140 m. SW. roin Richmond. BANK S ISLAND, near the NW. coast of America, about 60 m. long and 5 broad. Lon. 29 45 to 130 10 W. ; lat. 53 30 N. BAPTISTOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 30 m. NW. from Trenton. BARACOA, a town on the NE. coast of Cuba with a good harbor for small vessels, 9 m. ENE. f St. Jago de Cuba. Lon. 74 42 W. ; lat. 20 30 N. BARATARIA, bay, or gulf, Louisiana, 18 m. long from N. to S. Lon. 90 W. ; lat. 29 20 N. BARATARIA, r. Louisiana, which runs S. nto a bay of the same name. BARATARIA, isl. on N. side of the Gulf of Mexico, at the entrance of Barataria bay ; 55 m. NW. from Balize. Lat. 29 N. It is a icalthy island and a strong military position, and affords a safe and capacious harbor for merchant vessels, and light ships of war. BARATARIA, a bay on the coast of Loui siana, near the mouth of the Mississippi, sur rounded by a flat marshy country. Boats can sass from the Mississippi at New Orleans, through this bay to the sea. This was for merly a great resort for pirates. BARBADOES, one of the Caribbees, and the most eastern of the W. India islands. Lat. 13 10 N. ; Ion. 59 W. The earl of Marl- borough obtained from James I. a grant of the island, in 1624, and laid the foundation of James Town. It is 21 m. long, 14 broad, and contains 166 sq. ms. or 106,470 acres. It lies 20 leagues E. of St. Vincent, 25 from St. Lucia, 28 SE. from Martinico, 60 NE. from Trinidad, and 100 SE. from St. Christopher s. It is di vided into 5 districts and 11 parishes ; chief town, Bridgetown. Pop. in 1811, 16,289 whites, 3,392 free people of color, 62,258 slaves ; pres ent free population, about 20,000. In 1810, the imports were 311,400 ; exports, 271,597. Owing to the hurricanes, the population and produce of the island have diminished. From 1740 to 1786, the annual exports declined from 13,948 hogsheads of sugar to 9,554 ; from 12,884 puncheons of rum to 5,448, &c. BARBARA, St. a town on the W. coast of North America, capital of a jurisdiction of its name. It stands in a rugged, barren country, but has a good roadstead. Lon. 119 17 W.; lat. 34 54 N. BARBARY, v. Rowan co. N. C. 134 m. W. from Raleigh. BARBE, St. a town of Mexico, in New Bis cay, near which are rich silver mines. It is 500 m. NW. of Mexico. Lon. 107 5 W. ; lat. 26 N. BARBER S, v. Fauquier co. Va. BARBOURVILLE, t. and cap. Knox co. Ky. 556 m. from W. Pop. 55. BARBOURSVILLE, v. Orange co. Va. ; 87 rn. NW. from Richmond. BARBUDA, one of the Leeward Islands, in the West Indies, 20 m. long, and 10 broad. It has a good road for shipping, but no direct trade to Britain. The inhabitants are chiefly BAR BAR 185 employed in raising corn, and breeding cattle for the use of the neighboring islands. It is 35 m. N. from Antigua. Lon. 61 50 W lat 17 50 N. BARBUE, r. of U. C. falls into lake Erie 40 m. W. from Long Point. It is now commonly called the Orwell. BARBUE, r. in the U. S. in the peninsula of Mich. ; falls into lake Michigan. BARDSTOWN, see Bairdstown. BAREFIELDS, v. Liberty co. S. C. on the Little Pedee, 412 m. from W. Lon. 79 23 W.; lat. 34 12 N. BAREFIELDS, t. Marion co. S. C. 41 m from W. BARGAINTOWN, v. Gloucester co. N. J 194 m. from W. BARIL, Island of, in the St. Lawrence r above Ogdensburg. BARIL POINT, in St. Lawrence r. above Ogdensburg. BARKHAMPSTEAD, t. Litchfield co. Ct Pop. in 1820, 1,592. BARKHAMPSTEAD, v. in the NE. part of Litchfield co. Ct. about 20 m. NW. from Hartford. BARKSDALE, v. Lincoln co. Geo. BARLETT, t. Grafton co. N. H. BARLOW, t. Washington co. Ohio. BARN TAVERN, v. Southampton co. Va 175 m. from W. BARNARD, t. Windsor co. Vt. 26 m. NW from Windsor, 484 from W. BARNARD, v. Meigs co. Ohio. BARNARDSTOWN, t. Franklin co. Mass BARNEGAT, or Limestone, v. in Pough- keepsie co. N. Y. 5 m. S. from Poughkeepsie village. Here is a large number of lime-kilns, and great quantities of lime are manufactured here and sent to New York. BARNEGAT, bay, and inlet on E. coast of N. J. 68 m. ENE. from Cape May. Lon. 73 45 W.; lat. 39 47 N. BARNEGAT, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hudson, 10 m. S. from Pough keepsie. BARNESVILLE, v. Belmont co. Ohio, 318 m. from W. BARNESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md. 4 m. from the mouth of Monocacy creek, and 13 S. from Fredericktown. BARNET, t. Caledonia co. Vt. on the Con necticut, 8 m. SE. from Danville, 32 E. from Montpelier, 329 from W. BARNET S TAVERN, v. Fauquier co. Va. 59 m. from W. BARNSBOROUGH, v. Gloucester co. N. J. about 14 m. below Philadelphia. BARNSTABLE, co. Mass, comprising the peninsula of Cape Cod. Pop. 28,525. The chief town has the same name. Vast quanti ties of salt are made in this county by solar evaporation. BARNSTABLE, t. and cap. Barnstable co. Mass, stands on a harbor at the bottom of Cape Cod Bay. The town is built with considerable neatness, and has some com merce and fishing business. There are exten sive salt marshes in the neighborhood, but Y the soil here is better Uian in almost any other part of the GO. It is 64 m. SE. from Boston. Pop. 3,975. BARNSTABLE, t. Barnstable co. Mass. BARNSTEAD, t. Strafford co, N. H. 26 m. ENE. from Concord, 32 NW. from Ports mouth, 563 from W. BARNS MILLS, t. Monongahela co. Va. near Morgantown, and 219 m. NW. from Richmond. BARNWELL, district of S. C. having Sa vannah r. SW. Edgefield NW. Orangeburg NE. Colleton and Beaufort SE. being 50 m. in length by a mean width of 35 ; area 1050 sq. ms. surface hilly, and soil of middling quality. Staples, cotton and grain. Chief town, Barn- well. Pop. 1820, 14,750. BARNWELL, C.H. and t. of Barnwell di*. trict, S. C. Lat. 33 13 N. ; Ion, 4 3 20 W. BARRE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 24 m. NW. from Worcester, 64 W. from Boston, 417 from W. Pop. 2,503. This is a very valuable town ship, and produces great quantities of beefi butter, and cheese. BARRE, t. Washington eo- Vt. 7 m. SE* from Montpelier, 524 from W. Pop. 2,012. BARRE, t. Genesec co. N, Y. BARRE, t. Huntingdon co.. Pa, BARREN, co. in the S. central part of Ky. Pop. 14,821. Glasgow, the chief town, is 134 m. SW. by S. of Frankfort. Two rivers, one called the Little, and the other the Big Barren, have their source within the county,, running in different directions, but both falling into the Green river. BARREN CREEK, r. which rises in SW. corner of Delaware, and runs into the Nanti- coke, 2 m. S. from Vienna. BARREN CREEK SPRINGS, t. Somerset eo. Md. 85 m. SE, from Annapolis* BARREN RIVER, r, Kentucky, which runs into the Green River, between Warren and Logan counties. BARREN RIVER, LitfZe,.r,Ky. whioh runs into Green River, W. of Greensburg. BARRENS, t, St. Genevieve eo. Misa. 70 m. SE. from St. Louis. BARRIER POINT, the W. point, where the r. Petite Nation enters the Ottawa, U-C. BARRINGTON, t Bristol co. R. I. on the SW. side of Warren r. Pop. 612. BARRINGTON, Great r Berkshire co. Mass, about 150 m. W. from Boston. Pop. in 1-820, 1,908. BARRINGTON, v. Steuben co. N. Y. 22G m. W. from Albany. BARRINGTON, t. Strafford co. N, H. 28 m. NW. from Portsmouth, 517 from W. It is a large township, and contains several pondff, the largest of which, Bow pond, is 650 rods long, and 40 broad. It has several houses of public worship. Crystal spar, black lead, iron ore, alum, and vitriol are found here. In the SE. part of the town there is a cave called the Bear s Den. BARRON S, t. Prince William co. Va. 48 m. SW. from W. BARRYSVILLE, v, Mecklenburg co. NX? 448 m. from W, 186 BAR BAT BART, L Lancaster co. Pa. S. from Stras- burg. BARTHELEMY, r. Louisiana, which after % course W. of S. of about 150 m. joina the Ouachitta, 3 m. below the Derbane. BARTHOLOMEW, St. parish of S. C. in the district of Charleston, containing about 13,000 inhabitants, three-fourths slaves. BARTHOLOMEW, small r. of Arkansas and Lou. rising in the former, and falling into Ouachitta. BARTHOLOMEW, Cape, S. point of Staten Island, in the straits of Le Maire. BARTHOLOMEW, St. one of the Caribbee islands, in the West Indies, 24 m. in circum ference, and 25 N. from St. Christopher. The French ceded it to the Swedes in 1785 ; and it was taken by the British in 1801, but restored to Sweden in 1814. The chief exports are drugs and lignumvitae ; and it has a good har bor. Lon. 63 40 W. ; lat. 17^ 46 N. BARTLETT, t. Coos co. N. H. Pop. 644. BARTON, Lincoln co. U. C. BARTON, v. Orleans co. Vt. 50 m. NE, from Montpelier. Pop. 729. BARTON, small r. of Vt. rising in Orleans co. and falling into lake Memphramagog. BARTON S CREEK, r. Tennessee, which runs into the Cumberland, about 10 m. above Clarksville. BASKINRIDGE, t. Somerset co. N. J. on a branch of the Passaic, 7 m. SSW. from Mor- ristown, 17 N. from New Brunswick, 219 from W. Lon. 74 33 W.; lat. 40 40 N. Here is a good academy. General Lee was taken prisoner here in 1776. BASIN HARBOR, v. Addison co. Vt. in Ferrisburg ; E. side of Lake Champlain ; 4^ m. S. of the mouth of Otter creek, 486 from W BASIN MINAS, bay or small gulf at the NE. extremity of the Bay of Fundy. BASSETERRE, capital of St. Christopher, built by the French, before the island was ceded to the English in 1713. BASSETERRE, capital of Guadaloupe, in a district of the same name, in the W. part of the island. It is defended by a citadel anc other fortifications. Lon. 61 59 W. lat. 15 59 N. BASS COVE, in Adolphustown, Bay of Quinte, U. C. BASS ISLANDS, an interesting group in Lake Erie, appertaining to Huron co., Ohio This cluster is composed of 3 principal ane several smaller islands. In the southern Bass Island is the fine harbor of Put-in-Bay, abou 5 or 6 m. W. of which, on Sept. 10th, 1813 capt. Perry captured the British fleet, unde: the command of capt. Barclay. BASTARD, t. U. C. between Lansdowne and Leeds. BATAVIA, or Genesee, t. and cap. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 40 m. E. Buffalo, 256 W. Albany 391 from W. Pop. 4,271. It contains a court house, a jail, and other public buildings, anc has considerable trade. A weekly newspape is published here- BATAVIA, t. in Clermont co. Ohio. BATAVIA v. Gauga co. Ohio. BATCA, t. of Mexico, in Yucatan, on the ide of the Bay of Campeachy. BATESVILLE, t. Independence co. AT- tansas, on White river, 110 m. NE. of LitfJe Rock. BATES, t. Monroe co. N. Y., 250 m. W rom Albany. BATH, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Connec- icut ; 14 m. N. Haverhill, 40 N. Dartmouth College, 545 from W. Pop. 1,626. The Lower Ammonoosuck and Bath turnpike pass through this town, and at the point where they inter sect there is a handsome village. BATH, t. and port of entry, in Lincoln co. Maine, on W. side of the Kennebec, 12 m. from the sea, 8 SW. Wiscasset, 35 NE. Port- and, 150 NE. Boston, 588 from W. Lon. 69 49 W. lat. 43 55 N. Pop. 3,773. Bath is pleasantly situated and has great advantages for commerce, being at the head of winter navigation. The river here is seldom frozen over. It is one of the most considerable com- mercial towns in Maine. It contains an academy, several banks, and houses of pub lic worship for Congregationalists, Baptists, &,c. BATH, t. and cap. Steuben eo. N. Y., on the Conhocton ; 40 m. S. Canandaigua, 245 W. Albany, 295 from W. Pop. 1,700. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and has consid rable trade. BATH, t. Northumberland co. Pa; 173 m from W. BATH, v. Beaufort co. N. C. 61 m. SE. of Edenton, on Tar river 24 m. above Pamlicoe Sound. Lat. 35 31 N. BATH, co. Ky. having Nicholas NW., Flemming NE., Floyd SE., and Montgomery SW. It is 34 m. in length, with a mean breadth of 10 ; area 340 sq. m. Chief town, Owingsville. Pop. 8,799. BATH co. in the central part of Va. bound ed N. by Pendleton co., E. by Rockbridge co., S. by Botetourt co., and W. by Greenbnar co- Pop. 4,008. Slaves, 882. At the court-house there is a post-village, 50 m. WSW. Staunton, 226 from W. Here is a medicinal spring, called Warm Spring ; and another about 6 m. distant SW. called Hot Spring, the waters of which, at some seasons, are hot enough to boil an egg, and are useful in various complaints. BATH, t. Medina co. Ohio. BATH, Berkeley co. Va. near the Potomac ; 35 m.NNW. Winchester, 104 from W. Berke. ley Springs are near this town, which see. BATH,t. Greene co. Ohio. BATH, t. Beaufort co. N. C. on a bay which sets up from Tar river; 11 m. ESE. Washington, 61 SSW. Edenton, 332 from W. Lon. 77 20 W. lat. 35 31 N. BATH, v. Renssallaer co. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hudson, opposite the upper part of Albany. BATH, co. Va. having Botetourt and Mon roe S. Greenbriar W. Randolph NW. Pendle- ton NE. Augusta E. and Rockbridge SE. It is 45 m. in length, with a mean breadth of 20 m. and 900 siq. mfc. Situated in the Apala- chian ridges ; the face of this co. is mountain ous ; the air is pure and healthy ; the soil in BAT BEA 187 general rather sterile, though some very pro- ductive land lies along the streams. Chief town, Warren Springs. Pop. 1820, 5,237. BATH, C. H. and v. Bath co. Va, 50 m. W. Staunton, and 227 SW. from W. BATON ROUGE, t Lou. on the left bank of the river Mississippi. Here, in ascending the river, banks rise to a considerable height above the elevation of the water in freshets. It is about 138 m. above New Orleans, follow ing the river. Here the country is finely im proved. The town contains about 60 or 70 houses, and 350 inhabitants. BATON ROUGE, East, parish of Lou. on the left bank of the Mississippi river, having that stream W. New Feliciana N. the Amite river, or St. Helena E. Iberville river, or St. Gabriel S. It is 26 m. in length, with a mean width of 15 ; area 400 sq. ms. Its surface is rolling towards the N. but becomes generally level to the southward. The soil is fertile, and in its natural state covered with a dense forest. Staple, cotton. Chief town, Baton Rouge. Pop. 6,717. BATON ROUGE, West, parish of Lou. on the right bank of the Mississippi, opposite East Baton Rouge, having the Mississippi river E. Plaquemine river, or St. Gabriel SE. Atcha- falaya river SW. and W. and Pointe Coupee N. It. is 30 m. in length, by 25 mean width area 750 sq. ms. Its surface is a dead alluvial plain, extremely fertile, but except near the mar gin of the Mississippi, and some other streams, liable to annual submersion. Staple, cotton. BATOPILAS, a considerable town of the Andes or Cordilleras of Mexico, in the inten- dency of Durango. BATTERAUX, island, in the river St. Law rence, above Bearded Island. BATTLE CREEK, r. Ky. which runs into the Ohio, Ion. 85 36 W. lat. 38 35 N. BATTLETOWN, v. Frederick co. Va. 11 m. E. by N. from Stevensburg, and 6 E. from Winchester. BATTURE GRAND, on Ottawa river, be low Portage du Chene, U. C. BAUCHERVILLE, a beautifully located village on the W. bank of the river St. Law rence, about 10 m. W. of Montreal. BAUGHMAN, t. Wayne co. Ohio. BAYAGUANA, an inland town of the is! and of St. Domingo, about 35 m. NE. of the city of St. Domingo. BAYAMO, a town in the E. part of Cuba on the river Estero, which forms a bay on the coast, 20 m. below the town. It gives name to a channel, between Cuba and the islands, called the Queen s Garden, and is 80 m WSW. of St. Jago. Lon. 77 20 W. lat 20 45 N. BAYDENSVILLE, t. Indiana. BAYLESBURG, v. Southampton co. Va. 203 from W. BAYLE S STORE, t. Stokes co. N. C. 145 m. NW. from Raleigh. BAY OF ISLANDS, there HJC snvera bays in different parts of the world so called viz. 1st, on the west coast of Newfoundland 3d, in the straits of Magellan ; 33, on the NE coast of New Holland in lut. 10 30 ; 4th, on the NW. coast of America in lat. 57 N. ; 5th, on the E. coast of New Zealand. BAYOU CARANCIO, t. Rapides, Lou. BAYOU CHICOT, t. in the northern part of Opeloosas, Lou. 30 m. NW. from the vil- agc of St. Landre, and 1,488 SW. from W. BAY RIVER, t. Craven co. N. C. 20 m. E. rom Newbern. Bay river is a small creek of Pamlico Sound, and forming part of the soundary between Beaufort and Craven cos. BAZETTA, t. in Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 1820, 196. BEACH GROVE, v. Luzerne co. Penn.; 204 m. from W. BEACH HILL, t S. C. ; 7 m. SW. Dor. Chester. BEACH ISLAND, t. Hancock co. Maine, Pop. 1810, 4, in 1820, 8. BEACH ISLAND, small island in the At lantic, near the coast of New Jersey. Lon. 74 15 W. lat. 39 47 N. BEACON ISLAND, small island in Pamli co Sound, near the coast of N. C. Lon. 76 22 W. lat. 34 57 N, BEALSBURG, t. Harden co. Ky. on E. bank of Rolling Fork river : 15 m. WSW. Bairdstown, 50 SW. Frankfort Lon. 86 27 W. lat. 37 42 N. BEALLSVILLE, fine v. on the U. S. road, Washington co. Penn. 8 m. W. from Browns ville, and 17 E. from Washington, the county it BEAM S STATION, t Granger co. Tenn. 30 m. NE. from Knoxville, and 226 NE. from Murfreesborough. BEAN S CREEK, v. Franklin co. Tenn. ; 726 m. from W. BEAN S STATION, v. Granger co. Tenn. ; 498 m. from W. BEAR BROOK, r. which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 93 28 W. lat 44 40 N. BEARCAMP, r. N. H. falls into Ossipee Lake. BEAR CREEK, r. Ky. which runs into Green river, Ion. 86 45 W lat. 36 52 N. BEAR CREEK, r N. C. which runs into the Atlantic, Ion. 77 32 W lat 34 36 N. BEAR CREEK, another small stream run ning into the W. side of Miami river in Mont* gomery co. Ohio. BEARD S STORE, t Anson co. N. C. 80 m. SW. of Raleigh. BEARD S CREEK, in Geo. a small branch of Altamaha river, in Liberty co. BEARD S MILL, t. Rowan co. N. C. BEARDED ISLAND, in the river St Law rence, above Lake St. Francis. BEARFIELD, t. in Perry co. Ohio. BEAR GAP, v. Northumberland co. Penn.; 182 m. from W. BEAR GRASS CREEK, r. Ky. which runs into the Ohio at Louisville. BEAR INLET, channel between two small islands near the coast of N. C. Lon. 77 21 W. lat 34 36 N. BEAR ISLAND, small island in the At. lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 68 2^ W. lat 44 6 N J88 BEJV BEA BEAR LAKE, one of the sources of the Mississippi, about lat. 48 20 N. BEAR RIVER, r. N. America, which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 92 44 W. lat. 44 BEARER RIVER See Beaver. BEASLEY S CREEK, r. Ky. which runs into the Ohio, Ion. 83 55 W. lat. 38 35 N. BEATTIE S FORD, t. Lincoln co. N. C. BEAUCHARNOIS ISLE, in the N. east erly part of Lake Superior, not a great way from the shore, and eastward of Isle Hocquart. BEAUCLERC, port in an island on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 56 17 N. Ion. from W. 56 37 W. BEAUFORT, co. N. C. in Newbern district ; having- Craven SW. Pitt NW Martin and Washington N. and Hyde and Pamlico Sound E. Length 40 m. mean breadth 17; area 670. It is generally level. Chief town, Bath. BEAUFORT, a maritime district, forming the SE. corner of the state of South Carolina ; bounded on the SW. by the Savannah river. It is a low swampy district, but very produc tive in rice and cotton. In addition to the Sa vannah on the S. it is bounded on the N. by the Big-slake-hatchie river, and the Coosaw- hatchie intersects the district from NW. to the SE. dividing into two branches about the cen tre of the district, and forming an island called Port Royal Island, on which is a town named Beaufort, formerly the capital of the district, but the courts are now held at the town of Coosawhatchie, about 20 m. NW. of Beaufort, and 193 S. of Columbia, the capital of the Btate. BEAUFORT, a co. of North Carolina, di vided into two parts by the Pamlico river, at its entrance into Pamlico Sound. It is a swampy and dreary district, with a population of 10,949. Washington, 130 m. E. by S. of Raleigh, is the chief town. BEAUFORT, seaport, Beaufort district, S. C.on Port Royal Island, 75 m. S. from Charles ton, and 58 N. from Savannah. Its harbor is deep and spacious. Here is a chartered col lege, but in a languishing state. Lat. 32 25 N. Ion. 3 30 W. from W. BEAUFORT, seaport t. and capital Carteret eo. N. C. on Gore Sound, 44 m. S. from New bern. Vessels drawing 14 feet water can as cend to this place. It is well situated to be come an extensive depot of trade ; and it is proposed to connect its sound with the Neuse, Tar, and Roanoke rivers. BEAUPORT, Seigniory, Quebec co. L. C. at the mouth of the Montmorenci river, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, BEAURIVAGE, r. L. C. enters the Chau- diere about 4 m. above its mouth. BEAUVAIS, r. N. America, which runs into lake Michigan. Lon. 85 36 W.; lat. 43 50 N. BEAVER, or Bearer, r. N. H. which rises in Londonderry, and runs S. into the Merri- mack, in Dracut. BEAVER, co. W. side of Penn. ; bounded .N. by Mercer co. E. by Butler co. SW. by Ailcghany co, S. by Washington co. and W Pop. 24,206. Chief town, by Ohio state. Beavertown. BEAVER, or Beverton, the chief town of this county, is situate at the junction of the Beaver river with the Ohio, near the centre of the county, 240 W. by N. of Harrisburg. BEAVER, t. Crawford co. Pa. BEAVER, t. Northumberland co. Penn. W. of the Susquehannah. BEAVER DAM, v. Delaware co. N. Y. BEAVER, t. Green co. Ohio ; 86 m. WNW. Pittsburg. BEAVER, t. Columbia co. Ohio. BEAVER, Little, t. Beaver co. Pa. BEAVER CREEK, r. Ken. which rung into the Cumberland, Ion. 85 12 W. lat. 36 35 N. BEAVER, South, t. Beaver co. Penn. BEAVER CREEK, r. Alab. which runs into the Tennessee, Ion. 87 50 W. lat. 34 38 N. BEAVER CREEK, t. Northumberland co. Pa. W. the Susquehannah. BEAVER CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs SW. into the Papachton ; 35 m. long. BEAVER CREEK rises in the township of Caistor, U. C. and running through part of Gainsborough, empties itself into Welland, to which river it runs close, and nearly parallel, for almost 4 m. before it discharges. BEAVER CREEK, in the t of Humber- stone, runs into Lake Erie N. of Row s Point, U. C. BEAVER CREEK runs into Lake Supe rior on the N. side, between river Aupie and river Rouge, U. C. BEAVER CREEK, t. Madison co. N. Y. 85 m. W. from Albany. BEAVER CREEK, mill stream, Clark co Ohio, running northwardly into Buck creek, a little distance above Springfield. BEAVER CREEK, name of a creek run ning into the W. side of Little Miami river, in Green co. Ohio. BEAVER CREEK, also the name of a township situated on the above stream, in Green co. Pop. 1820, 384. BEAVER, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 1810 799, and in 1820, 757. BEAVER RIVER empties itself into the Narrows, a little below the Falls of St. Mary s, running from N. to S. U. C. BEAVER, co. Pa. on both sides of Ohio river, having part of the state of Ohio W., Mer cer N. Butler E. Alleghany SE. and Wash- ington S. It is about 40 m. in length along the state of Ohio, with a mean breadth of 15 m. ; area 600 sq. ms. ; features hilly and broken; soil generally, however, fertile, and well wooded and watered. Chief town, Beaver. cap. Lat. 40 50 N. Ion. W. 3 20 W. BEAVER, Big, or Mahoning, r. which rises in Portage co. Ohio, passes into Pennsylvania, and joins the Ohio, at Beavertown. BEAVER, Little, r. Columbiana co. Ohio, which runs S. into the Ohio near the line of Ohio and Pennsylvania; 43 m. below Pitts- burg. It affords many excellent mill-seats. Near the mouth of this river there is a spring, BEA BED 189 from which issues an oil, called Seneca oil which is highly inflammable, and is useful as a remedy for rheumatic pains. BEAVER, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. in 1820, 2,036. BEAVER, bor. t. Beaver co. Pa. BEAVER DAM, t. Erie co. Pa. BEAVER DAM, Goochland co. Va. ; 24 m. NW from Richmond. BEAVER, Little, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 1,379, in 1820, 1,144. BEAVER, North, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. in 1810/932, in 1820, 1,206. BEAVER IRON WORKS, t. Bath.co. Ken. 78 m. E. from Frankfort. BEAVER ISLANDS, remarkable chain of small islands, in lake Michigan, extending about 30 m. SW. into the lake. Lon. 85 20 W. lat. 62 20 N. They appear beautiful, the situation pleasant, but the soil barren. BEAVERTOWN, t. Union co. Pa, ; 69 m. N. from Harrisburg. BEAVER, the southeasternmost town of Guernsey, co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 556. BECANCOUR, r. of L. C. enters the St. Lawrence, opposite the mouth of the river St. Maurice. Its sources interlock with those of the Chaudiere. BECCARIA, t. Clearfield co. Pa, BECKET, v. of Berkshire co. Mass, on the head of Westfield r. 17 m, SE, from Lenox, and 25 W. from Northampton. Pop. 1,065. BECKHAMSVILLE, t. Chester district, S. C. on the Wateree, 32 m. NW. from Cam- den. BEAVERSDAM, v. Queen Anne co. Md. 126 m. from W. BEAVERTOWN, bor. and cap. Beaver co. Pa. at the confluence of the Big Beaver with the Ohio; 30 m. below Pittsburg, and 253 from W. It is a place of considerable busi ness, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, and a printing-office, and has various manufactures. There is a valuable iron mine in its vicinity. BEAVERTOWN, t. Union co. Pa. BECKMANSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 376 m. from W. BECKMANSVILLE, or Rocky Mount, t. Chester co. S. C. on the Wateree ; 30 m. NW. from Camden, and 480 from W. This place is celebrated for a shad fishery. BECKET, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 17 m. SE. from Lenox, 110 W. from Boston, and 376 from W. Pop. 1,065. BEDDINGTON, t. Washington co. Maine, near the source of Pleasant river, 35 m. NW. by W. from Machias. BEDFORD, t Hillsborough co. N. H. Pop. 1,554. BEDFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass. Pop. 685. BEDFORD, (New) t. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass. ; 26 m. SSE. from Taunton, 52 S. from Boston, and 458 from W. Lat. 41 38 N. It is pleasantly situated on the W. side of an arm of the sea which makes up from Buzzard s bay. It contained in 1810, 5,651 inhabitants: since which Fairhaven on the opposite side, has been set off and separately Incorporated, leaving to New Bedford, at that time, a popu lation of about 3,000, of whom about 2,500 were in the village. The population is now 7,592. It contains an insurance office, 3 banks, 10 churches, and 7 manufactories for spermaceti candles. The harbor is safe and commodious, having a depth, of water of from 3 to 4 fathoms. The shipping belonging to this port amounts to 60,000 tons, about 40,000 of which is employed in the whale fishery. Being surrounded by a country which fur nishes but few articles of export, the prosper ity of the town depends much on the whale fishery. The exports to Europe and the West Indies for two years, ending June 30, 1818, averaged 130,000 dollars each; of which sperm and whale oil, sperm candles, fish and fish oil, constituted the greatest part. There are several rope-walks, and ship-building is carried on to a considerable extent. BEDFORD, bor. v. and cap. of Bedford co. Pa. about 189 m. W. of Philadelphia, 91 E. by S. of Pittsburg, and 150 NW. from W. The situation of this town is extremely ro mantic, being surrounded by mountains. It is now much frequented in the summer season on account of the mineral springs in its neighborhood. Pop. in 1810, 547, and in 1820, 789. The co. was divided from Cum- berland, and Bedford erected into a county town, March 1771. BEDFORD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 52 m. from Boston. Pop. 1,554. BEDFORD, t. Middlebury co. Mass.; 16 m. NW. from Boston. Pop, 685. BEDFORD, co. Pa. having Md. S. Somer set W. Cambria NW. Huntingdon NE. and Franklin SE. Length 52 m. mean breadth, about 31; containing 1,600 sq. ms. ; surface extremely diversified by mountains, hills, and valleys ; soil equally varied : in general rocky and barren in the mountains, but fertile and well watered in the valleys. Staples, grain, flour, whiskey, and salted provisions. It is very productive in excellent iron, and pos sesses some mineral coal. The springs near Bedford have become a place of fashionable resort in the months of July, August, and September. Chief town, Bedford. Pop. 54,636. BEDFORD, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop, in 1820, 1,321. BEDFORD, v. Cuyahoga co Ohio. BEDFORD, co. Va. having Franklin SW. Botetourt W. and NW. Rockbridge N. Am- herst NE. Campbell SE. and Pittsylvania S. It is 30 m. in length, by a mean breadth of 22 ; area 660 sq. ms. separated by the Blue Ridge from Botetourt co. A part of Bedford is mountainous; it is, in general, however, hilly, and moderately fertile. Staples, tobacco and grain. Chief town, Liberty. Pop. 20,253, of whom 8,790 were slaves. BEDFORD, E. part of Brooklyn, N. Y. BEDFORD, t, West-Chester co. N. Y.; 44 m. NNE. from New York, 130 S. from Al bany, and 272 from W. Pop. 2,750. The village contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and a Presbyterian meeting-house 190 BED BEL The courts of the county are held alternately at Bedford, and at White Plains. BEDFORD, v. in the northern part of Henry co. Ken. 12 m. SE. from Port William, at the mouth of Ken. r. and 40 NW. from Frankfort. BEDFORD, v. Cayahoga co. Ohio, 184 m. NE. from Columbus. BEAJORA, co. of Ten. on Duck river, having Maury W., Williamson NW. Ruther ford N. Warren NE., Franklin SE. and Lin- coin S. Staples, cotton and small grain. Chief town, Shelby ville. Pop, 16,012. BEDMINSTER, t Sussex co. N. J. ; 13 m. SE. from Morristown. Here is an academy. BEDM INSTER, t. Somerset co. N. J. BEDMINSTER, t. Bucks co. Pa. BECKMAN, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. ; 12 m. E. from Hudson city. This township con tains 6 houses of public worship. Pop. 1,584. BEELIN S FERRY, v. Cumberland, co. Pa. ; 144 m. from W. BEECH GROVE, t. E. Feliciana parish, La. BEECH HILL, t. Jackson co. Ten. 70 m. NE. from Nashville. BEECH PARK, tGallatin co, Ken. by the post-road, 48 rn. N. from Frankfort. BEEKMAN, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 10 m. E. from Poughkcepsie, Pop. 1,584. BEEKMANTOWN, t Clinton co. N. Y. Pop. 2,391. BEEKMANSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. York. BEEKMANTOWN, v. Clinton co. N. Y. 173 m. N. from Albany. BEELING S FERRY, v. of Cumberland co. Pa. BEERING, or Bhering s Strait, the nar row sea between the W. coast of N. America, and the E. coast of Asia. It is 13 leagues wide, in the narrowest part, between the capes Prince of Wales, and Tchukotskoi. The Arctic Circle passes this strait, a little N. of the narrowest part. BEERING S, formerly Admiralty Bay, NW. coast of N. America. Lon. 62 W. lat 59 20 N. BEESLEY S, t. Cape May co. N. J. 105 m. S. from Trenton. BEL-AIR, or Bellair, t. and cap, Harford co. Md. ; 23 m. NNE. from Baltimore, and 68 from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting-house, and an academy. BELCHERTOWN, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 15 m. ESE. from Northampton, 80 W. from Boston, and 400 from W. It is a pleasant town. Pop. 2,491. BELFAST, s-p. Waldo co, Maine ; 12 m. NW. from Castine, 224 NE. from Boston, and 641 from W. Lat. 44 25 N. It is delight fully situated on Belfast bay, at the mouth of a small river of the same name, and at the NW. part of Penobscot bay. It has a good harbor and great maritime advantages, and is a flourishing town. Pop. 3,077. BELFAST, t. Bedford co. Pa. BELFAST, v. Laurens district, S. C. ; 559 m. from W. BELLFONTAINE, a small town and seat of justice for Logan co. Ohio, 18 m. N from Urbana, and 56 NW. from Columbus. BELFORD, v. Nash co. N. C. ; 259 m. from W. BELGRADE, t Kennebeck co. Maine; 13 m. NNW. from Augusta, and 172 ENE. from Boston. Pop. 1,375. BELLAIRE, Seigniory, L. Canada, Hamp shire co. on the N. side of St. Lawrence r. 24 m. above Quebec. BELL BROOK, v. Green co. Ohio. BELLAIR, v. Lancaster district, S. C. ; 471 m from W. BELLAMY BANK RIVER, r. N. H. wh:eh rises in Barrington, and flows into the Piscataqua, in S. part of Dover. BELLAMY, small isl. in the Atlantic near the coast of S. C. Lon. 78 35 W. lat. 33 50 N. BELLE-FONTAINE, v. and military post, Missouri Territory, on S. side of the Missouri, 4 m. above its mouth, 16 N. from St. Louis. Here is a palisade work and barracks, suffi cient to accommodate 300 men. BELLEFONTE, bor. and cap. Centre co. Pa, ; 3 m. from Milesburg, 238 WNW. from Philadelphia, and 189 from W. It has an elevated situation at the head of boat naviga tion on Spring Creek. It is regularly laid out, and contains a bank, an academy, the county buildings, &c. and is situated in a fertile country. BELLEISLE, isl. of North America at the mouth of the strait between New Britain and Newfoundland, whence the straits take also the name of Belleisle. Lon. 21 33 W. from W. lat. 51 55 N. BELLE-RIVER, U. C. runs into St. Clair, to the eastward of r. Aux Puces, and is navi gable for boats some way up. BELLE VERNON, t. Fayette co. Pa. 8 m. from Uniontown, and 194 SW. by W. from Harrisburg. BELLEVIEW, and settlement of Wash- ington co. Miso. in the Maine district ; it con tains about 1000 inhabitants. BELLEVILLE, v. Essex co. N. J. ; 5 m. above Newark, on the Passaic river. At this place, printing, bleaching, and dying manu factories are established. The calico-printing works produce annually near 7,000,000 yards. BELLEyiLLE, t. Wood co. Va. on the left bank of Ohio r. at the mouth of Lee s creek. BELLEVILLE, t. Logan co. Ohio. BELLEVILLE, t. Richland co. Ohio, on the W. branch of Mohiccon creek. BELLEVILLE, v. on Trade W^ater r. in the western part of Hopkins co. Ken. 200 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. BELLEVILLE, v. Cunecuh co. Ala. 70 m. NNE. from Pensacola, and 100 m. S. from Cahaba. BELLEVIEW, fief of L. C. in Surry co. on the right bank of St Lawrence, 22 m. NE. from Montreal. BELLEVILLE, parish, Newbury, Mass. 1 m. from Newbury port. BELLEVILLE, t. and cap. St. Clair co. II. 18 m. from the Mississippi; 15 E. from Caho- BEL BER 191 kia, 50 N. from Kaskaskia, and 992 from W. It is surrounded by a rich country, which is rapidly increasing in population. BELLEVILLE, v. Mifflin co. Pa. 139 m. from W. BELLFIELD, t. Greensville co. Va. on the Meherrin, opposite Hicksfbrd ; 45 m. S. from Petersburg. BELLINGHAM, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 26 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,101. BELLONA, arsenal and t Chesterfield, Va. 10 m. NE. from Lexington. BELLOWS FALLS, a cataract in the Connecticut between Walpole and Rocking, ham, consisting of several pitches in a very narrow strait of the river. A large rock here divides the stream into two channels, each 90 feet wide, but when the river is low the whole current is thrown into the western channel, where it is contracted to 16 feet and rushes with astonishing rapidity. A bridge is built over these falls, and a canal passes round them. BELLOWS FALLS, v. in the township of Rockingham, Vt. opposite the falls ; 5 m. NW. from Walpole, 26 S. from Windsor, and 452 from W. It is a flourishing village, and con tains an Episcopal church, a printing-office, a paper-mill, an oil-mill, and other mills. BELLVILLE, v. in the NE. part of Rock- bridge co. Va. 10m. NE. from Lexington, and 151 W. from Richmond. BELLVUE, extensive prairie of La. in the Opelousas. It lies between the waters of the Teche and Vermilion, and those of the Mer- mentau r. BELMONT, v. Hancock co. Me. 97 m. WE. from Portland. BELMONT, v. Wayne co. Miss. 168 m. from St. Charles. BELMONT, t. Waldo co. Me. 20 m. W. from Castine. Pop. 1,024. BELMONT, co. Ohio, having the Ohio r. E. Monroe co. S. Guernsey W Harrison and Jefferson N. Staples, grain and salted pro visions. Chief town, Woodfield. Pop. 24,412. BELPRE, t. Washington co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. 14 m. SW. from Marietta, 319 from W. It is a pleasant town. BELVIDERE, t. Franklin co. Vt. on the waters of La Moelle r. 38 m. N. from Mont- pelier. Pop. 185. BELVIDERE, t. Warren co. N. J. on the Delaware, at the mouth of Pequest r. 11 m. NNE. from Easton, 54 from Trenton, 208 from W. It is a handsome village, has valuable mills, and is the seat of justice for the county. Here is a bridge over the Delaware. BENEDICT, t. Charles co. Md. on W. side of the Patuxent ; 68 m. SW. from Baltimore, 48 from W. BENGAL, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the NE. side of Oneida lake, 423 m. from W. It lies un the W. side of Rome, between Fish creek and Constantia. BENJAMINVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 299 m. from W BENNINGTON, co. Vt. forming the SW. angle of that state, having Rutland N. Wind sor NE. Windham E. Berkshire in Mass. S. and Washington co. N. Y. W. It is 40 m. in length, with a mean width of 17 m. area 680 sq. rns. ; its features are hilly in general, and in part mountainous. At Mount Anthony there is a cave containing many beautiful petrifac tions. Staples, flour, salted provisions, and lumber. Chief town, Bennington. Pop. 1820. 16,125 ; 1830, 17,470. BENNINGTON, chief town of Bennington co. Vt. 36 m. NE. from Albany, 36 W. from Brattleborough, 33 N. from Pittsfield, in Mass. It is famous for a victory obtained here, Aug. 16th, 1777, by the troops of the U. S. under Gen. Starke, over a detachment of the British army, or rather Hessians, under Cols. Baum and Breyman, which was a prelude to the de cisive victory at Saratoga, by which Gen. Bur- goyne and all his army submitted to the U. S. army under Gen. Gates. The principal public edifices are a church, court-house, and jaiL It lies in lat. 42 52 N. arid Ion. 3 56 E. from W. Pop. 3,419. BENNINGTON, v. Mercer co. Pa. on the Shenango, 60 m. NNW. from Pittsburg. BENNINGTON, t. in the NE. quarter of Delaware co, Ohio. Pop. 1820, 412. BENNINGTON, t. Licking co. Ohio. BENNINGTON, v. St. Clair co. Ala. 163 m. N. from Cahaba. BENNINGTON, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 15 m. SW. from Batavia. Pop. 796. BENNSVILLE, v. Charles co. Md. 8 m. from Piscataway, 23 from W. BENSALEM, t. Bucks co. Pa. on the NW. side of the Delaware, SW. from Bristol. BENSBOROUGH, v. Pitts co. N. C. 60 m. SE. from Raleigh, 278 from W. BENSON, t. Rutland co. Vt. E. lake Cham- plain, 62 m. S. from Burlington, 446 from W. Pop. 1,493, BENT CREEK, v. Buckingham co. Va. 222 m. from W. BENTINCK POINT, the NE. point of Henchenbrook island, NW. coast of America. Lon. 214 24 E.; lat. 60 28 N. BENTINCK S ARMS, two branches of an inlet on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 233 to 233 21 E. ; lat. 52 to 52 25 N. BENTLEYVILLE, v. Halifax co. N.C.; 275 m. from W. BENTON, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on W. side of Seneca lake, 339 m. from W. It lies on W. side of Jerusalem. BENTON, t. Scott co. Mis. 165 m. from St. Louis. BENTON, North, v. Ontario co. N. Y. BERGEN, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 437 m. from W. Pop. 1,508. BERGEN, co. N. J. bounded NNE. by New York, E. by the Hudson, S. and SW. by Essex and Morris cos. and W. by Sussex co. Pop. 22,414. Chief town, Hackensack. BERGEN, t. Bergen co. N. J. near the mouth of tlie Hudson, 3 m. W. from New York, 88 NE. from Philadelphia. Lon. 74 55 W.; lat. 40^ 44 N. BERKHAMSTEAD, t. Litchfield co. Ct. The lands are rough and broken. Pop. 1,715 192 BER BER BERKLEY, t. Bristol co. Mass. ; 5 m. S. from Taunton, 36 S. from Boston, 484 from W. Pop. 907. BERKLEY, or Sandtown, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 14 m. from Philadelphia. BERKLEY, co. Va. bounded N. by the Po tomac, E. by Teffemm co. S. by Frederick co. and W. by Hampshire co. Pop. 10,528. Chief town, Martinsburg. BERKLEY SPRINGS, t. Berkley co. Va. 110 m. from W. These springs are near the town of Bath. The waters are useful to per sons laboring 1 under the jaundice, or affections of the liver. They are finely situated, and much resorted to by gay and fashionable peo ple, as well as by invalids. BERKLEY S SOUND, NW. coast of Ame rica, 70 m. SE. from Nootka Sound. BERKS, co. Pa. on the SchuylkilL Pop. 53,357. This is one of the most fertile coun ties in Pa. Chief town, Reading. BERKSHIRE, t. Franklin co. Vt. on the Missisque r. 39 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 1,308. BERKSHIRE, co. Mass, the W. part of the state. Pop. 37,825. Chief town, Lenox. It is crossed from N. to S. by the Green moun tains. Quarries of marble are opened in Stockbridge, Sheffield, Lanesborough, and other places. BERKSHIRE, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 210 m. SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,683. BERKSHIRE, t. Delaware co. Ohio, 10 m. E. from Delaware, 23 N. from Columbus. BERKSHIRE VALLEY, v. Morris co. N. J. BERLIN, t. Worcester co. Mass.; 14 m. NNE. from Worcester, 23 W. from Boston. Pop. 692. BERLIN, t. Washington co. Vt. 3 m. SSW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,664. BERLIN, t. Hartford co. Ct. 11 m. S. from Hartford, 23 N. from Hew Haven, on the turn pike road between these two cities. It is di vided into three parishes, Worthington, Ken sington, and New Britain. Pop. 3,038. Wor thington is the principal seat of the manufac ture of tin ware, which is carried on by ped lars to a very great extent. The pedlars set off in the autumn in wagons loaded with the tin ware, together with other articles of mer chandise, and proceed chiefly to the southern and western states. Workmen are also sent out by water with a sufficient quantity of the raw materials to employ them during the win ter, and establish themselves in different towns in the interior. To them the pedlar resorts, when his stock is exhausted, for a fresh sup ply. In this way a large amount of goods is sold during the six or eight months that they are absent, and their tin ware is thus distrib uted in all parts of the United States. BERLIN, t. Adams co. Pa. 13 m. W. from York, 100 W. from Philadelphia, 89 from W. BERLIN, t. Somerset co. Pa. 30 m. WSW. from Bedford, 240 W. from Philadelphia, 194 fromW. BERLIN, t. Rensseker co. N. Y. 20 m. E. from Albany. Pop. 2,019. BERLIN, New, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m. ENE. from Norwich, 90 W. from Albany, 355 from W. Pop. 1,632. BERLIN, New, t. Union co. Pa. ; 174 m. from W. BERLIN, t. Huron co. Ohio, 83 m. N. from Columbus. BERLIN, Coshocton co. Ohio. BERLIN, Delaware co. Ohio. BERLINSVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. 207 m. from W. BERMUDA HUNDRED, small settlement on a point of land between the junction of the Appomatox with James river, 2 m. N. from City Point, 22 by land and upwards of 50 by the river ESE. from Richmond. BERMUDAS, or Powers Islands, a cluster of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean, in num ber about 400, but for the most part so small and barren, that they have neither inhabitants nor name. 200 leagues distant from Cape Hatteras in N. Carolina, which last is the nearest land to them. They extend from NE. to SW. about 45 m. Their whole coast is sur rounded with rocks. The N. point of tho islands lies in lat. 32 34 N. ; Ion. 63 28 W. The largest of these islands are St. George, which is 4 or 5 m. long and 2 broad ; St. Da- vid, Cooper, Ireland, Somerset, Long Island, Bird Island, and Nonesuch. On the first there is a town, containing about 300 houses. The winter is hardly perceptible here. The fields and trees are clad in perpetual green, and BO salubrious is the air, that invalids frequently come hither for the recovery of their health. The Bermudas contain from 10,000 to 12,000 acres of poor land, of which nine parts in ten are either uncultivated, or reserved in woods for the supplying of timber for building small ships, sloops, and shallops for sale ; this being the principal employment of the inhabitants. Pop. estimated at 10,381 ; 5,462 of whom are whites, and 4,919 are blacks. They have two harvests of Indian corn in the year, one in July, the other in December. They likewise cultivate tobacco, legumes, and fruit sufficient for their wants. BERMUDIAN, v. York co. Pa. 48 m. S. from Harrisburg. BERN, t. Albany co. N. Y. 20 m. W. from Albany, 397 from W. This township contains 5 houses for public worship. BERN, t. Somerset co. N. Y. BERN, Upper, t. Berks co. Pa. BERN, Lower, t. Berks co. Pa, BERN, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. BERNARDSTON, t. Franklin co. Mass. 5 m. N. from Greenfield, 96 WNW. from Boston, 413 from W. Here is a quarry of -marble. BERNARDSTOWN, t. Somerset co. N J Pop. 1,879. BERNE, t. Franklin co. Mass, on the Hock- hocking, 3 m. W. from Lancaster. BERNER S BAY, on the NW. coast of America, between Point Bridget and Point St. Mary. Lat. 58 43 N. BERRY-HILL-BLUFF, v. Putnam co. Geo. BERRYSBURG, v. Dauphin co. Pa. 28 m. from Harrisburg. BERRY S FERRY, over the Shenandoan, BER BEU 193 and t. Frederick co. Va. on the road from Leesburg to Winchester, 58 m. W. from W. BERRY S LICK, v. Logan co. Ken. 745 m. from W. BERRYSVILLE, v. Charles co. Md. BERRYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 460 m. from W. BERTHIER, v. and seigniory, Warwick co. L. Canada, on the N. shore of the St. Lawrence, 4G m. NE. from Montreal, 50 SW. from Three Rivers. The village contains at least 80 houses, and many granaries, and store-houses of Brit ish manufactured goods. The neighboring country is .thriving and populous, and from it large quantities of grain are annually exported; BERTHIER, seigniory, Hertford co. L.C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 m. E. from Quebec. BERTIE, t. Lincoln co. U. C. on lake Erie, at its eastern extremity, having Niagara r. on the east. BERTIE, co. N. C. on the Roanoke, at its entrance into Albemarle Sound. Pop. 12,276. Chief town, Windsor. BERWICK, t. York co. Maine, on Salmon Fall r. 16 m. NW. from Portsmouth. The village extends about 2 m. along the r. and car ries on a considerable trade, chiefly in lumber. Berwick has an academy. Pop. 3,168. BERWICK, South, t. York co. Maine, on Salmon Fall r. 12 m. NW. from York, 17 N. by W. from Portsmouth. At the landing at the foot of the falls is a flourishing village. BERWICK, t. Columbia co. Pa. on the E. branch of the Susquehannah, opposite the falls in Nescopeck creek, 22J m. above Sunbury, BERWICK, or Ablotstown, Adams co. Pa. 41 m. SW; from Harrisburg. BESBOROUGH ISLAND, in Norton Sound, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 63 10 N. BETHABARA, t. Stokes co. N.C. 4 m. SE. from Bethania ; remarkable for being the first settlement of the Moravians in that section of the U. S. ; begun in 1753. BETHANIA, or Bethany, t. Stokes co. N.C. 4 m. N W. from Bethabara, 9 NW. from Salem, 10 SW. from Germantown, 368 from W. It is a Moravian town. BETHANY, t. Gcnesee co. N. Y. 397 m, fromW. Pop. 2,374. BETHANY, t. and cap. Wayne co. Pa. 50 m. NE. from Wilkesbarre, 279 from W. BETHANY CHURCH, t. Iredell co. N. C. 170 m. W. from Raleigh. BETHEL, t. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. NW, from Paris, 170 NNE. from Boston, 593 from W, BETHEL, t. Windsor co. Vt. 29 m. NNW, from Windsor. BETHEL, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. 60 m. W from Newburg, 307 from W. BETHEL, t. Bedford co. Pa. BETHEL, t. Berks co. Pa. BETHEL, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 20 m. NW from StrarTord, 26 a little N. of W. from New Haven. BETHEL, t. Lebanon co. Pa. BETHEL, t. Huron co. Ohio. BETHEL, t. York co. Maine, chiefly on the S, bank of the Ar.droscoggin r, Z BETHEL, t. Delaware co. Pa. BETHEL, t. Dauphin co. Pa. at the foot of ;he Blue mountain. BETHEL, t. Miami co. Ohio. BETHEL, t. Clermont co. Ohio, 656 m. from W. BETHEL, t. Clark co. Ohio. BETHLEHEM, t. Grafton co. N. H. 69 rm N; from Concord. BETHLEHEM, t. Albany do. N. Y. on the Hudson, 8 m. below Albany. In this town two remarkable caves have lately been dis covered. BETHLEHEM, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on a branch of the Raritan. Pop. 1820, 2,002. BETHLEHEM, t. Northampton co. Pa. on the Lehigh, 12 m. SW. from Easton, 53 N. from Philadelphia. It is a settlement of the Mora vians or United Brethren. The situation is healthful and pleasant, and in summer is fre quented by travellers from various places. There are two boarding schools, one for young ladies, and the other for boys, which are in high repute, and receive many scholars from New York, Philadelphia, and other parts of the United States. BETHLEHEM, t. Oglethorpe co. Geo. 65 m. NNE. from Milledgeville. BETHLEHEM, t. Clarke co. In. 100 m. S. from Indianapolis. BETHLEHEM, East, t. Washington co. Pa. on the Monongahela. BETHLEHEM, West, t. Washington co. Pa. BETHLEHEM, t. Stark co. Ohio. BETHLEHEM S CREEK, or Vlaman t kill, N. Y. runs into the Hudson, 7 m. below Albany. BETHLEHEM-CROSS-ROADS, v. South ampton co. Va. BETHLEM, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 9 m. S. from Litchfield, 32 NNW. from New Haven. Pop. 906. BETHSAIDA, v. Jones co. Geo. 25 m. W. from Milledgeville. BETTSBURG, v. in Jerusalem, Chenango co. N. Y. 307 m. from W. BEVERLY, t. and s-p. Essex co. Mass. 1J m. N. from Salem, 16 NNE. from Boston, 453 from W. It is connected with Salem by a bridge 1,500 feet in length. It contains seve ral meeting-houses, a bank, and an insurance office. It is a place of considerable trade, and is largely concerned in the fisheries. Pop. 4,079. BEVERLY, t. and cap. Randolph co. Va. 50 m. W. by N. from Franklin, 280 WNW. from Richmond, 129 from W. It is handsome, ly situated between two branches of Tygart s Valley r. and is laid out in 3 parallel streets. It contains a brick court-house, a jail, and is a place of considerable business. BEVERLY, t York co. U. C. SW. from York. BEUF RIVER, r. of N. A. which runs into the Mississippi. Lon. 91 34 W.; lat 39 15 N. BEUF RIVER, r. of N. A. which runs into the Missouri. Lon. 91 45 W. ; lat. 38 25 N 194 BEU BIM BEULA, smell t. Cambria co. Pa. planted chiefly by emigrants from Wales, (G. B.) about 60 m. E. from Pittsburg. BIBB, co. Ala. bounded N. by Shelby, E. by Coosa r- S. by Autauga and Perry, and W. by Tuscaloosa. Cahaba r. passes through this county, and the 33 N. lat. and 10 of Ion. W. from W. intercepts in its western part. Pop. 6,305. BIBB, C. H. and t. Bibb co. Ala. 35 m. SE. by E. from Tuscaloosa. BIG, seigniory, Cornwallis co. L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 153 m. below Quebec.- BICHE MARIAS A LA, empties itself into lake Ontario, at the NE. part of the t. of Grantham, U.C. BICKLEY S STORE, t. Abbeville district, S. C. 100 m. W. from Columbus. BIDDEFORD, t. and s-p. York co. Maine, near the mouth of the Saco, on W. side oppo site Saco, 27 m. NE. from York, 105 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,995. BIDDLE, lake, one of the sources of Big horn r. Is laid down on Mellish s map ; it is at 42 40 N. lat. ; Ion. 32 40 W. from W. BIENVENU, a bayou in the parish of Or leans, Lou. running E. into lake Borgne. By this channel the British army reached the Mis sissippi in Dec. 1814, when marching upon New Orleans. BIEKA, or Crab, one of the Virgin Islands, 9 m. ESE. from Porto Rico. Lon. 65 15 W. Lat. 18 N. BIGBAY SETTLEMENT, v. Illinois, 868 m. from W. BIGBLACK, r. Mississippi, runs SW. 170 m. and falls into the Mississippi at the Great Gulf, 50 m. above Natchez. It is navigable in wet seasons 70 m. BIGBLUE, r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio, about 16 m. W. from Cory don. BIGBONE CREEK, Ken. runs N. into the Ohio, 40 m. below Cincinnati. Bigbone Licks is 8 m. above its mouth, and is a tract of land on each side of the r. furrowed by the tongues of the buffaloes and deer, who lick it for the salt with which it is impregnated. It receives its name from the bones of some enormous animal which were found here. BIG CREEK, a branch of the LoosaHatchie r. Shelby co. Ten. BIGDRY, r. N. A. which runs into the Mis souri, 25 m. from Bigdry Creek. BIGDRY CREEK, r. N. A. which runs into the Missouri, 150 m. W. of the Yellowstone. BIG-EAGLE, t. Scott co. Ken. 25 m. from Frankfort. BIG EDDY, r. Ken. which runs into the Cumberland. BIG FLAT, v. in the t. of Elmira, Tioga co. N. Y. 288 m. from W. BIG HACHY, r. Ten. and Mis. rises in the latter, and flowing NW. enters Henderson and Madison cos. in the former ; gradually turns W. and falls in the Mississippi r. ; lat 35 30 N. BIGHORN, r. N. A. rises in the Rocky mountains, near the sources of the Platte, and falls into the Yellowstone at Manuel s fort, Its length is 800 m. In its course it receives two considerable rivers, one from the W. and one from the S. called Little Bighorn r. It is unobstructed by falls, and is navigable to a great distance in canoes, through a rich open country. BIGHORN, Little, r. N. A.; E. branch of the Bighorn. BIG LICK, v. Botetourt co. Va. 266 m, from W. BIG MUDDY CREEK, v. Randolph co. Illinois, 853 m. from W. BIG PRAIRIE, t. near Wooster, Wayne co. Ohio, 90 m. NE. from Columbus. BIGPRAIRIE, t. New Madrid co. Miso. BIGRIVER, t. St. Genevieve co. Miso. BIGRIVER, t. Jefferson co. Miso. BIGRIVER MILLS, t. St. Francis co. Miso. 90 m. from St. Charles. BIGROCK, t. Delaware co. Ohio. BIGROCK, t. Pulaski co. Arkansas, extends 80 m. along Arkansas r. BIG-SANDY, creek, Geo. runs into the Oc- onee, about 20 m. above Dublin. BIG SANDY, r. rises in the Allegheny mountains, near the heads of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and falls into the Ohia r. between Virginia and Kentucky. It is the boundary between these states for nearly 200 m. It is navigable to the Wascioto mountains. The east branch joins the south or main stream 40 m. above its entrance into the Ohio. The mouth of Little Sandy river is 20 m. be low that of Big Sandy. BIG SCIOUX, r. falls into the Missouri from the N. 882 m. above its mouth. BIG-SPRINGS, v. Washington co. Md. 86 m. from W. BIG-SUGAR CREEK, v. Crawford co. Pa, 328 m. from W. BIG-SWAMP, t. Montgomery co. Alab. 50 m. E. from Cahawba. BIG WALNUT CREEK, large easterly branch of Scioto river, rises in the NE. angle of Delaware co. Ohio. Its course is nearly S. 50 m. through Delaware, across Franklin, into the N. border of Pickaway co. where it joins the Scioto. BILL-BIRD S-KEY, i. in the Spanish Main, on the Musquito Shore, Lon. 82 54 W. lat. 12 16 N. BILLERICA, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 19 m. NNW. from Boston, 456 from W. Pop. 1,374. It is watered by the Concord and Shawsheen rivers, and is a pleasant and considerable town. BILLIMEAD, t. Caledonia co. Vt. on the sources of Passamsick river. BILLINGSPORT, v. N. J. on the r. Dela ware, about 12 m. below Philadelphia. Here was a fortification during the war of Indepen dence, which defended the channel of the river, until captured after an obstinate defence. BILLUPS, v. Dinwiddie co. Va.; 156 m. from W. BIMINI, one of the Bahama islands, near the channel of Bahama, 8 m. in length, and as much in breadth. It is very woody, and diffi cult of access on account of the shoals, but it BIN BLA 195 is a very pleasant place, and inhabited by the native Americans. Lat. 25 N. BINBROOK, t. in Lincoln co. U. C. be tween Saltfleet, Glandford and Caistor. BINGHAM, t Somerset co. Me. ; 26 m. N. Norridgewock. Pop. 538. BINGHAMPTON, v. and cap. Broome co. in the township of Chenango, N. Y. at the junction of the Chenango and Sasque. 40 m. SW. Norwich, 148 SW. Albany, 295 from W. A weekly newspaper is published here. It is a flourishing village, and contains a court house and jail, and has considerable trade. Pop. 1,203. B1NSBY MOUNTAINS, range of moun tains in N. C. BIRCH BAY, on the NW. coast of Ameri ca, in the Gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237 33 E. lat. 48 53 N. BIRCH STREAM, t Penobscot co. Me. 150 NE. from Portland. BIRD, small island, or rather rock in the head of Niagara river, between the harbor of Buffalo and Fort Erie. BIRD, t. Brown co. Ohio. BIRDSBOROUGH, t. Berks co. Pa. ; on SW. side of the Schuylkill ; 8 m. SE. Reading. BlRDSTOWN,v.CapeGirardeau co. Miso.; 939 m. from W. BIRDSVILLE, v. Burke co. Geo. BIRMINGHAM, t. Delaware co. Pa., on E. side Brandywine creek, and bordering on Del aware. Pop. 686. BIRMINGHAM, t. Centre co. Pa.; 213 m. from W. BIRMINGHAM, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 290. BIRMINGHAM, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. on the Little Juniatta; 18 m. NW. Huntingdon. BISCAY, New, a name given by the Span iards to a part of the W. coast of Mexico ; now incorporated with the intendency of So- nora, Durango, and Guadalaxara. BISCAY, Bay of, on the S. coast of New foundland, between Cape Race and Cape Pine. Lon. 53 6 W. lat. 46 50 N. BISCAYNO, isl. in the Gulf of Florida. Lon. 80 23 W. lat. 25 55 N. BISHOPSVILLE,v.Sumpter district, S.C.; 60 m. SE. of Columbia. BISTINEAU, lake, in W. part of the state of Louisiana, 30 or 40 m. in length. It com municates with Red river on the S. and the Dacheet flows into its N. end. BLACK BAY, in the Chesapeake, on the coast of Virginia. BLACK BAY, on the N. shore of Lake Superior, lies a little E. of Isle de Minatte, and W. of Shanguenac, U. C. BLACK CREEK, Lincoln co. U. C. dis charges itself into the river Niagara, in the t. of Willoughby, some m. above Chippewa. BLACK CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into the Delaware. BLACK CREEK, r. Geo. which runs into the Savannah. BLACK CREEK, r. S. C. which runs into the Pedee. BLACK CREEK, r. Va. which runs into York river. BLACK S EDDY, t Bucks co. Pa. BLACK FOOT INDIANS, on Maria s river, N. America. BLACK HEATH, r. Monroe co. 111. lit) m. SW. from Vandalia. BLACK HEATH, t. Randolph co. Illinois. BLACK HORSE, v. Burlington co. N. J. BLACK HORSE TAVERN, v. Chester co. Pa. BLACK ISLAND, t. Hannah co. Me. BLACK LAKE RIVER, r. Louisiana, which rises in highlands in NW. part of the state, pursues a S. course, passes through Black Lake, which is 15 or 20 m. in length, and joins the Saline 8 NE. Natchitoches, to form the Rigolet de Bon Dieu. BLACK LAKE, or Oswegatchie Lake, lake, in St. Lawrence co. N. Y. ; 20 m. long, and 2 broad; S. of Ogdensburg. It is nearly parallel to the St. Lawrence, about 4 m. distant. It communicates with the Oswegatchie by an outlet 3 or 4 m. long. BLACK LICK, t. Indiana co. Pa. BLACK LICK, r. Ohio which joins Big Walnut river, 10 m. SE. Columbus. BLACKMAN S STORE, t. Sampson co. N. C.; 85 m. SSE. from Raleigh. BLACK MOUNTAIN, mt. N. H. in Peel- ing and Lincoln ; NE. of Moosehillock. BLACK RIVER, r. Vt. which rises in Greensborough, and runs into Lake Mem- phremagog. BLACK RIVER, r. S. C. rises in Kenshaw, and flowing SE. crosses Williamsburg, into Georgetown district, and falls into Winyaw Bay at Georgetown. BLACK RIVER, r. Vt. which rises in Ply mouth, and runs into the Connecticut opposite Charlestown. BLACK RIVER, r. N. Y. which, after a NW. course of 120 m. flows into Hungary Bay, in Lake Ontario, N. of Sacket s Harbor. It has a passage under ground nearly a mile, at a distance of a few miles from its mouth. BLACK RIVER, r. N. C. which runs SSE. into Cape Fear river, 23 m. above Wilmington. BLACK RIVER, a name given to the Ou- achitta, after the junction of the Tensaw and Ocatahoola. Its course from the junction to its union with Red river, is very winding, and is 30 m. in length. BLACK RIVER, Big, r. Mis. which rises between the head waters of the Yazoo and Pearl river, and pursuing a SW. course of about 170 m. flows into the Mississippi above the Grand Gulf. Lat. 32 2 N. BLACK RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs into Lake Erie, 27 m. W. of the Cuyahoga. BLACK RIVER, r. S. C. which runs into the Pedee, Ion. 99 5 W. lat. 33 29 N. BLACK RIVER, r. America, which runs into Lake Michigan. BLACK RIVER, t. Huron co. Ohio. BLACK RIVER, Michigan Territory, runs W. into Lake Michigan, N. of the river St. Joseph s. BLACK RIVER, Lou. formed by the junc tion of the Ocatahoola, Washitau, and Ten- saw, flows S. by a very circuitous channel of 196 BLA BLA 40 m. .and falls into Red river 30 m. above its mouth. BLACKRIVER, Miso. rises near the sources of the Merrhnack and the Gasconade, and running in a southerly direction is joined by Current, Thomas, Spring, and Strawberry, large rivers from the west, after which it flows into the Arkansas Territory and unites with the White river 50 in. below the town of Lawrence. It is navigable more than 100 m. <br large boats. It flows through a very fer tile country. BLACK RIVER, t. Wayne co. Miso. BLACK ROCK, v. Niagara co. N. Y. on the Niagara, 2 m. below Buffalo. It is the station for the steam-boats and other vessels employed in the navigation of Lake Erie, and the lakes above. A mole is now constructed for the purpose of forming a harbor in the river oppo site to this village. It extends from Bird Isl and in Lake Erie to Squaw Island below the Rapids in Niagara river, and thence to the U. States shore, thus forming a harbor of 2 m. in length and of the capacity of 200 acres, open ing at one end into the lake by a mouth 20 rods wide, and at the other connected with the Erie canal which is supplied from it with water. The first pier, which was sunk on 7th Sept. 1822, is 50 feet long, 18 wide, and 14 high, composed of a strong frame of white-oak timber, filled with 600 or 700 tons of stone. BLACK ROCK, v. Erie co. N. Y. on lake Erie, 4 m. N. Buffalo. It is a small village with a harbor artificially improved by a pier. The seams and patches of dark-colored chert in the lime-stone here, have given its name to this place. BLACK ROCK, small harbor, Fairfield co. Ct. W. of Bridgeport. BLACKSTONE, a river rising near Wor cester, Mass, and flowing into Naraganset Bay near Providence. Along the valley of this river is the Blackstone canal extending from Worcester to Providence, 45 m. It con tains 48 locks built of hammered stone, and is 34 feet wide at the surface, and 4 feet deep. It was built at a cost of $600,000, and finished in 1828. The navigation upon it is flourishing : the produce of the interior of Massachusetts finds by its means a ready market in the com mercial city of Providence. BLACK STOCKS, v. Chester district, S. C. ; 470 m. from W. BLACK SWAMP, v. in St. Peter s Parish, S. C. ; 644 m. from W. BLACK WALNUT, v. Halifax co. Va. 100 m. SW. Richmond ; 256 m. from W. BLACK WARRIOR, r. Ala. It is the principal eastern branch of the Tombigbee, and joins the main river 80 m. above St. Ste phen s, and is navigable 60 or 70 m. It rises not far south of the river Tennessee. BLACKBURN SPRINGS, v. Johnson co. Tenn. BLACKFORD, t. Posey co. Indiana, about 35 m. S. by W. from Princeton. BLACKSBURG, v. Montgomery co. Va. 217 m. SW. Richmond. BLACKSBURG and BLACKSVILLE, 2 towns on the river Alabama, in Monroe co. Alab. BLACKSTOCK S HILL, eminence in S. C. near the river Tyger. In 1780, an action was fought here between the British under General Tarleton, and the Americans under General Sumpter, in which the former were defeated. BLACKSTONE S ISLAND, small island, Va. in the Potomac. BLACKWATER, r. N. H. which flows into the Contoocook, in NE. part of Hopkinton. BLACKWATER, r. Va. which joins the Nottoway, to form the Chowan. BLACKWATER, r. Va. which runs into the sea, at Black Bay, Ion. 76 10 W. lat. 36 30 N. BLACKWATER, r. Md. which runs into the Chesapeake. BLADEN, a county in the S. part of North Carolina, bordering on the maritime county of Brunswick. It is intersected by Cape Fear river. Pop. 7,801. Elizabethtown, 98 m. S. of Raleigh, is the chief town. BLADENSBURG, a town of Maryland, in George county, on the E. side of the Potomac, 9 m. from its mouth, at Washington, and 38 SW. of Baltimore. The American army sus tained a defeat by the British at this place, on the 24th of August, 1814, in attempting to ar, rest the progress of the British towards Wash ington. BLACKS AND WHITES, t. Nottaway co. Va. 60 m. SW. from Richmond. BLACKSBURG, or Blacksblv/f, v. on the left bank of Alabama r. 60 m. NE. from St. Stephens, and 55 SW. from Cahaba. BLACKWATER, creek, Pickaway co. Ohio. BLACKWATER, r. Michigan, which runs into lake Michigan, 20 m. N. of the St. Josephs. It is 60 m. in length, and navigable in canoes nearly to its source. BLAIR S FERRY, t. Roane co. Ten. near Kingston, and 160 m. E. from Murfreesbo- rough. BLAIR S GAP, t. in the western part of Huntingdon co. Pa. 120 m. W. from Harris- burg. BLAIRSVILLE, v. Indiana co. Pa. 184 m. W. of Harrisburg. BLAIRSVILLE, v. York district, S. C. 450 m. from W. BLAIZE, Cape, W. Florida, between the bays of Apalache and St. Joseph. BLAKELY, t. Luzerne co. Pa. BLAKELY, t. Mobile co. Ala. on the Ten- saw or eastern outlet of Mobile r. 10 m. from Mobile bay, and 15 ENE. from the town of Mobile. Lat. 30 43 N. Its site is an elegant and pleasant spot, well supplied with good water. It is also well situated for commerce ; vessels drawing 11 feet of water can enter the port at full tide, and the same wind that enables a vessel to enter Mobile bay will caiay her to the wharves of Blakely, It is also con nected by a good road with the rapidly im proving country on the Alabama. The settle ments commenced in 1817- BLA BLO 197 BLAKESBURO, t. Penobscot co. Me. 20 m. N. from Bangor. Pop. 403. BLANCO, cape of N. America, on the coast of the Pacific ocean. Lat. 43 23 N. ; Ion. 47 W. from W. BLANDFORD, t. Oxford co. U. C. on the Thames. BLANDFORD, t. Prince George co. Va on S. side of the Appomatox, bordering on Pe tersburg, and included within the borough of Petersburg. BLANDFORD, t. Hampden co. Mass. 16 m.W. from Springfield, 116 WSW.from Bos ton, and 381 from W. Pop. 1,594. BLANNERHASSET S ISLAND, isl. in the Ohio, opposite Belpre ; 13 m. below Ma rietta. It is a beautiful and fertile island, containing about 300 acres. It is so named from a Mr. Blannerhasset, an Irish gentleman of large fortune, who having, with his family, left Ireland in 1801, purchased and removed to this island, where he reared a costly and splendid edifice for his dwelling-house. A con siderable part of the island was laid out in gardens after the most approved models of European taste, and the whole scenery com bined, seemed like the fabled fields of Elysium. But the house was most unfortunately burnt down in Dec. 1810, and shortly afterwards, the garden was totally destroyed, and few or no vestiges now remain of its transient splen dor and magnificence. BLAS, SAN, a seaport town of Mexico, on an island at the mouth of the Rio Grande, or Santiago r. which falls into the Pacific ocean in lat. 21 30 N. and 104 46 W. Ion. BLEDSOE, co. in W. part of Ten. Chief town, Pikeville. Pop. 6,448. BLENHEIM, t. Schoharie, co. N. Y. 47 m. SW. from Albany. Pop. 2,280. BLENHEIM, t. in the W. Riding of the co. of York, lies to the northward of Dundas- street, opposite Benford, U. C. BLENHEIM, t. Oxford co. U. C. BLEURIE, Seigniory, Bedford co. L. C. on the r. Sorel, 25 m. SE. from Montreal. BLIGH S ISLAND, off the NW. coast of America, in Prince William s sound. Lon. 213 43 E. ; lat. 60 52 N. BLOCK ISLAND, off the coast of Rhode Island, 24 m. SSW. from Newport, 21 E. by N. from Montauk point on Long Island. It constitutes the town of New Shoreham, in Newport co. It is about 7 m. long and 4 broad. Pop. 955. Lon. 71 30 W. ; lat. 41 8 N. BLOCKLEY, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on W. side of the Schuylkill ; 3 m. W. from Phila delphia. BLOODY-BROOK, v. Franklin co. Mass. 100 m. NW. by W. from Boston. BLOODY-RUN, t. Bedford co. Pa. BLOOM, t. Columbia co. Pa. BLOOM, t. Scioto co. 16 m. E. of Ports mouth, Ohio. BLOOM, t. Morgan co. Ohio. BLOOM, t. Northumberland co. Pa. BLOOM, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. BLOOMFIELD, t. Somerset co. Maine, on W. side of the Kennebeck, opposite Canaan , 5 m. E. from Norridgewock. It is a consider- able town, and contains an academy. BLOOMFIELD, t. Ontario co. N. Y. It is a large and excellent agricultural town, di. vided into E. and W. Bloomfield ; E. Bloom- field is 6 m. W. from Canandaigua, and 373 from W, W. Bloomfield, or Bloomville, is 12 m. W. from Canandaigua. BLOOMFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. 5 m. NW. from Newark. It is a pleasant village, and contains an academy. In its neighbor hood are quarries of freestone. BLOOMFIELD, v. Loudon co. Va. BLOOMFIELD, v. Nelson co. Ken. BLOOMFIELD, t. Jackson co. Ohio. BLOOMFIELD, t. Trurnbull co. Ohio ; 346 m. from W. BLOOMFIELD, t. Pickaway co. Ohio ; 8 m. N. from Circle ville, and 17 S. from Co- lumbus. BLOOMFIELD, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 114. BLOOMFIELD, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 14 m. W. from Steubenville. BLOOMFIELD, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 468. BLOOMFIELD, v. Oakland co. Mich. 18 m. from Detroit. BLOOMINGBURG, v. Fayette co. Ohio, 35 m. SE. from Columbus. BLOOMINGBURG, v. Sullivan co. N. Y 100 m. from Albany. BLOOMINGBURG, v. in Mamakating, N. York. BLOOMINGDALE, v. on the Hudson, 7 m. above N. York. BLOOMING GROVE, v. Richland co. Ohio. BLOOMING GROVE, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 168. BLOOMING GROVE, t. Orange co. N. Y. 12 m. W. from West-Point, and 258 from W. Pop. 2,099. BLOOMINGSBURG, v. Fayette co. Ohio, 40 m. SW. from Columbus. BLOOMINGTON, v. cap. Monroe co. In diana, 70 m. NE. from Vincennes. BLOOMSBURG, v. Halifax co. Va. BLOOMSBURG, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. near the entrance of the Musconecunk into the Delaware. BLOOMSBURG, v. Columbia co. Pa. on Fishing creek, and on the road from Danville to Nescopeck. BLOOMSBURG, v Northumberland co. Pa. BLOOMINGVILLE, v. Huron co. Ohio. BLOOMSVILLE, v. Ontario co. N. Y. 13 m. from Canandaigua. BLOOMVILLE, v. Del. co. N. Y. by the post-road 117 m. SW. from Albany. See Bloomsville, Del. co. N. Y. BLOUNT, co. East Ten. Chief town, Ma- ryville. Pop. 11,027. BLOUNT, co. of Ala. Pop. 4,233. Blounts- ville is the capital. BLOUNTSVILLE, v. Jones co. Geo. BLOUNTSVILEE, t. and cap. Sullivan co, 19$ BLU BOO Ten. 130 m, ENE. from Knoxvllle, and 428 from W. BLUE ANCHOR, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 165 m. from W. BLUE EARTH RIVER, r. La. which runs into the Kansas. BLUE FIELD, r. N. America, which sepa rates Honduras from Nicaragua, and is dis charged into Bluefield s bay. Lon. 4 30 W. ; lat. 12^ N. BLUEFIELD S BAY, on the SW. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 78 W. ; lat. 18 10 N. BLUEHILL, t. Hancock co. Me. Pop. 1,499. It stands upon a bay 12 m. NE. from Castine. BLUE HILLS, ridge of mountains in Nottingham, Barrington, and Rochester, N. H. BLUEHILL BAY, off the coast of Maine, on W. side of Mount Desert island ; 12 m. E. from Pencbscot bay. BLUE LIKS, several salt springs on Licking r. Ken. BLUE LICK, (Upper,} v. Fleming co. Ken. 522 m. from W. BLUE LICK, (Lower,} see Ellisville. BLUE MOUNTAIN, mt. Peeling, N. H. E. of Moosehillock. BLUE MOUNTAINS, several mountains so called in different parts of the world ; viz. 1st, intersecting the island of Jamaica from cast to west. North Peak is 8,180 feet above the level of the sea; 2d, the most easterly ridge of the Apalachians, in the state of Penn sylvania, extending in a south-west direction, from the Delaware to the south of the Susque- hannah r. altitude, 3,000 to 4,000 feet ; 3d, a more southern branch of the same ridge, ex tending in the same direction from the north of the Potomac r. through the state of Va. into North Carolina. Otter Peak is 3,103 feet high, and is the highest point in all Virginia. The passage of the Potomac r. through this ridge is peculiarly grand. BLUE RIDGE, or South Mountains, range of mountains, beginning in North Carolina, and crossing the state of Virginia, from north to south, about 200 m. from the sea. BLUE RIVER, one of the head branches of Red r. La. BLUE RIVER, (Big,} r. Indiana, which flows into the Ohio, 2 m. W. from Leven- worthville. BLUE RIVER, (Little) r. Indiana, which flows into the Ohio, 10 or 12 miles below Big Blue river. BLUE ROCK, r. Muskingum co. Ohio, on Muskingum r. 8 m. below Zanesville. BLUE STONE, r. Giles co. Va. which runs into the Great Kenhawa. BLUE SULPHUR SPRINGS, t. Monroe co. Va. These mineral waters are situated near the Kenhawa r. 40 m. SW. from Lewis- burg, and 237 W. from Richmond. BLUE WATER, t. Lauderdale co. Ala. 260 m. NW. from Cahaba. BLUE WATER, r. southern branch of the Miso. which it joins 9 m. below the mouth of the Kansas. BLUFF POINT, cape on. the coast pf N Carolina. BLUFF SPRINGS, v. Jefferson co. Miss. BLUFTON, v. Ray co. Missouri, on the eft bank of the Missouri r. 280 m. above St. Louis. BLUFTON, t. Howard co. Miso. BOALSBURG, v. Centre co. Pa. 115 m. NW. from Harrisburg. BOARDMAN, t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; 10 m. SE. from Warren. BOAT RUN, v. Clermont co. Ohio, near a rivulet of the same name. BOAT- YARD, v. Sullivan co. Ten. upon the Natouga r. 16 m. below Blountsville. BOCA ESCONDIDA, bay, in the bay of Campeachy, on the coast of Yucatan. Lat. 18 50 N. BOCALIEU, isl. near the E. coast of New foundland. Lon. 52 26 W.; lat. 46 15 N. BODEAU, a considerable lake in NW. part of La. Red r. flows through it. A river of the same name runs into the N. end of the lake. BODEGA, Port, on the NW. coast of Amer ica. Lat. 38 28 N. The Russians have had a settlement at this place since 1817. BODET, river au, U. C. in the t. of Lan caster, falls into lake St. Francis, E. of Point au Bodet. BODKIN S POINT, cape, on the coast of Maryland, in Chesapeake bay. BOD WELL S FALLS, on the Merrimack, between Andover and Methuen. BOEUF, Le, lake in Erie co. Pa, discharges its waters into French creek, branch of Ohio. The portage from Le Boeuf to Presque Isle, on lake Erie, is about 14 m. BOEUF, r. of Arkansas, and Louisiana. It rises in the former, interlocking its sources with those of the Mason and Barthelemy, flows S. enters La. and turns to SW. by S. Continuing that course upwards of 100 .m. be tween Washitau and Mason, joins the former opposite the W. end of the Sicily island, at N. lat. 31 47 . BOEUF, r. which rises in the Miso. terri tory, enters La. and joins the Ouachitta, 14 m. above the Tensaw. Its general course is S. and it is about 240 m. long without regard to its windings. It is navigable for some dis tance. BOEUF, t. Franklin co. Miso. BOEUF, Bayou, or creek of La. rises in the pine forests, between Opelousas and the rapids of Red river, flowing first NE. turns gradually to SE. enters on the low lands S. of Red river, and after continuing to flow by comparative courses 60 m. unites with the Crocodile to form the Courtableau river. BOGGS, t. Centre co. Pa. BOGUE, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of N. Carolina. BOGUE CHITTO, t. Lawrence co. Miss. BOGUE CHITO, r. Miss, which runs SSE. 80 m. and joins Pearl river 20 m. above the Rigolets. BOGUE INLET, narrow channel between BOH BOR 199 Bogue and another island leading to White Oak river. BOHE, r. Md. runs into the Chesapeake. BOHEMIA, r. Md. runs into Elk r. 11 m. below Elkton. BOIS BLANC, isl. at the lower end of Gros Isle in the mouth of Detroit r. belonging to Canada. The eastern channel, between it and the Canada shore, is about one fourth of a mile wide, and is deep enough for the largest vessel; the western is much wider, but is shallow, and full of small islands. BOIS BLANC, isl. in lake Huron, between the island of Michilimackinac and the penin sula of Michigan, about 10 miles long and 3 bioad. BOIS BLANC, lake, N. America, between lake Superior and the lake of the Woods. BOIS BRULE, v. Perry co. Miso. BOIS BRULE, Burnt Wood, r. NW. Ter ritory, which runs into the bottom of lake Su perior. It is navigable 80 m. whence there is a short portage to the St. Croix, a navigable water of the Mississippi. BOLD FOUNTAIN, v. Charlotte co. Va. BOLINGBROKE, v. Talbot co. Md. at the confluence of Bolingbroke creek with the Chop- tank, 5 m. E. from Oxford. BOLINGBROOKE, r. Talbot co. Md. runs into the Choptank. BOLTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 18 m. NW. from Montpelier, 507 from W. Pop. 452. BOLTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. NE. from Worcester, 33 W. from Boston, 449 from W. Pop. 1,258. BOLTON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 15 m. E. from Hartford. Pop. 744. BOLTON, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side of Lake George, 14 m. NNE. from Caldwell, 518 from W. Pop. 1466. BOLTON, t. Richelieu co. L. C. on lake Memphremagog, SE. from Montreal. Pop. 800. BOMBAY HOOK, isl. in Delaware bay, on the coast of Delaware, at the mouth of Duck creek, 11 m. S. from Reedy Island. BOMBAZINE, lake, Vt. chiefly in Castle- ton, 7 m. long. BONAVENTURE ISLAND, L. C. at the N. entrance into Chaleur bay. BON AVISTA, a cape on the E. side of the island of Newfoundland. Lon. 52 32 W. lat. 48 15 N. BOND, r. N. A. runs into the bay of Cam- peachy. BOND, co. Illinois. Chief town, Perrysville Pop. 3,124. BONHAMPTON, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 6 m. NE. from New Brunswick. BONHOMME, t. St. Louis co. Miso. BONNE CHEW, r. U. C. flowing into the Ottawa. BONNEFEMME, t. Howard co. Miso. BONNET QUATRE. See Parish of St. Charles, La. situated along both banks of the Mississippi coast, bounded E. and SE. by the parish of St. Bernard, NE. by lake Ponchar- train, and pass of Manchac, N. by lake Mau- repas, and W. by the parish of St. John Bap- tiste. The only arable land in this parish is on the Mississippi ; it produces sugar, cotton, indigo, rice, tobacco, sweet potatoes, maize, or- anges, peaches, and figs. BONO, t. Lawrence co. Ind. 100 m. SSW from Indianapolis. BONO, t. Orange co. Ind. 15 m. N. from Paoli. BON PAS, t. White co. II. 70 m. SE. from Vandalia. BONSECOURS, seigniory, Richelieu co L. C. 37 m. NE. from Montreal. BONSECOURS, seigniory, Buckingham co. L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 22 m. SW. from Quebec. BONSECOURS, seigniory, Devon co. L.C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 41 m. NE. from Quebec. BONSECOURS, bay, Ala. which sets up from Mobile bay northerly about 14 m/ and re ceives at its head a small r. of the same name. The r. has 7 feet water at its entrance, and is navigable 5 or 6 m. From the head of navi gation on this r. to a bay which sets up from the Perdido, is 4 m. BONUM, settlement, Miso. 10 m. S. from St. Charles, 20 W. from St. Louis. It extends not less than 15 m. E. and W. and from 6 to 10 N. and S. The land is fertile and well watered. BOOBY ISLAND, West Indies, near St. Christophers. BOON, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine, 8 m. E. from York. Here is a light-house. BOONE, co. N. part of Ken. on the Ohio r. Pop. 9,012. Burlington is the chief town. BOONESBURG, v. Washington co. Md. 60 m. from W. BOONE S LICK, t. Howard co. Miso. BOONE S MILLS, v. White co. II. 804 m. from W. BOONE S SETTLEMENT. See How ard co. BOONETON, v. Morris co. N. J- 244 m. from W. BOONSBOROUGH, t. Madison Co, Ken. on Kentucky r. 20 m. SSE. from Lexington. BOON S STATION, v. Fayette co. Ken. 580 m. from W. BOONSVILLE, or Booriborough, v. War* wick co. Indiana. BOONSVILLE, v. Cooper co, Miso. on the right bank of Missouri r. directly opposite Franklin, and by land, 170 m. abovu St. Louis. Lat. 39 53 N. ; Ion. 15 20 W. BOONVILLE, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 27 m. N. from Utica, 421 from W. Pop. 2,746. BOOTHBAY, t. Lincoln co. Me. 8 m. SE. from Wiscasset, 180 NE. from Boston, 613 from W. Pop. 2,290. It is situated between Sheepscot, or Booth Bay, and Damariscotta r. BOOTH S STORE, t. Franklin co. Va, 180 m. SW. from Richmond. BOQUES CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Scioto, 5 m. W. from Delaware. BORDENTOWN, t. Burlington co. N. J. on E. side of the Delaware, 4 m. SSE. from Tren ton, 26 NE. from Philadelphia. It is a pleas ant town, principally built on one street. 200 BOR BOS BORGNE, lake, or gulf, La. E. of lake Pon- chartrain. It communicates with the Gulf of Mexico, and lake Ponchartrain, and is 40 m. long, and about 15 broad. BORIQUEN, island of the West Indies, near Porto Rico. It is uninhabited, though fertile, and the water good. Here is a great number of land crabs, whence some call it Crab Island. Lon. 66 W., lat. 18 N. BORODINO, t. Onondago co. N. Y. 180 m. W. from Albany. BOROUGH, t. Beaver co. Pa. BOSCAWEN, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on W. side of the Merrimack, opposite Canter- bury, with which it is connected by a bridge ; 9 m. N. from Concord, 56 NW. from Ports- mouth, 514 from W. Pop. 2,093. It contains 2 parishes, in each of which there is a Con gregational meeting-house. BOSTON, New, t. Hillsborough co. N.H. 8 m. NNW. from Amherst, 4y2 from W. Pop. 1,680. BOSTON AND ITS ENVIRONS. BOSTON, s-p and cap. Mass, in Suffolk co. 14 m. SSW. from Salem, 40 NNE. from Prov idence, 56 S. by W. from Portsmouth, 63 SSE. from Concord, N. H. 100 ENE. from Hartford, 115 SSW. from Portland, 210 NE. from New York, 300 SSE. from Montreal, 300 NE. from Philadelphia, 436 from W. Lat. 42 22 N. from London ; Ion. 5 58 E. from W. Boston was founded in the year 1630. In the Indian language its name was Shaumut, and it was called by the early settlers Tremont, or Trimontain, from the circumstance of its being built upon three hills. It is situated at the head of Massachusetts bay, on a peninsula about 4 miles in circum ference, and is about 3 m. in length, and 1 m. and 25 rods, where widest, in breadth, and is connected with the main land at S. end by a narrow isthmus, called the Neck, leading to Roxbury. The town is built in an irregular circular form round the harbor, which is stud ded with about 40 small islands, many of which afford excellent pasture ; and are frequented in summer by numerous parties of pleasure. The harbor is formed by Nahant Point on the N. and Point Alderton on the S. and is so capa cious as to allow 500 vessels to ride at anchor in a good depth of water, while the entrance is so narrow as scarcely (o admit 2 ships abreast. The entrance is defended by Fort Independ ence belonging to the U. S. on Castle Island, and by Fort Warren on Governor s Island. There is another fort, called Fort Strong, on Noddle s Island. Boston is admirably well situated for com merce, and is a place of great trade and opu lence. It is the fourth city in the Union in population and second in commerce. Its trade is carried on with every quarter of the world. Its wealth is computed at 92,000,000 dollars. The shipping of the port amounted in 1828 to 161,583 tons. The wharves here are said to be the finest in the U. S. some of which are nearly a quarter of a mile in length end cov ered with stores. The yearly imports are 13,000,000 dollars and the exports 9,000,000. Alterations and additions have of late years greatly improved the appearance of Boston. The streets, which were formerly almost with out an exception narrow and crooked, have been in a great degree rendered wide and com modious ; the old wooden structures have in the greater part of the city been replaced by handsome buildings of stone or brick. In the western part, particularly, there is much neat ness and elegance. The splendor of the pri vate buildings here, is not equalled in any other part of the Union. The literary institutions of this city are of the first order. The public libraries contain 70,000 volumes. The Boston Athenaeum is the finest establishment of its kind in the U. S. BOS BOT 201 Ito library contains above 25,000 volumes, and a reading- room, in which the most esteemed periodicals, from all parts of the world, may be found. If we add to these the library of Harvard College, in the neighborhood, of 40,000 volumes, making the number of books within the reach of the citizens 110,000, it must be allowed that Boston offers to the scholar a more advantageous residence than any other spot in the western world. The literary char acter of the citizens corresponds to these ad vantages ; Boston is distinguished for the num ber and talent of its periodical works: the North American Review, which is allowed to be the most able of all the literary journals of our country, and the only one that has gained a reputation in Europe, is published here. The Christian Examiner, which has now enlarged its plan, and assumed more of a purely literary character, is ranked among the first publica tions of the day. The periodicals of the city are more than 60, including 31 newspapers, 7 of which are daily. The public schools are not equalled in any other city in the world. The ambition of the scholars is excited by an nual rewards to the most worthy, in the shape of a public dinner at Faneuil Hall in company with the mayor and officers of the city ; and the distribution of gold and silver medals, the product of a fund for this purpose established by the great Franklin, who was born in this city. In the department of the fine arts, there is much taste and liberal patronage displayed here. The annual exhibitions of paintings in the gallery of the Athenreum is the best in the country, and a fund is collecting from its pro ceeds for the encouragement of the arts. In 1817, there was erected on both sides of Market street a block of stores, 485 feet in length on one side, and 442 on the other, and 4 stories high ; and on Central wharf, another immense pile of buildings was completed the same year, 1,240 feet in length, containing 54 stores 4 stories high, and having a spacious hall in the centre, over which is erected an el egant observatory. These buildings, for extent, convenience, and elegance, are said not to be exceeded in the commercial world. The ex change is a superb structure, 7 stories in height, 127 feet in length, containing 202 rooms. In this building is kept a public reading room, similar to the one at Merchants hall. The alms-house is a commodious and elegant build ing, 270 feet long, and 56 broad. The new court-house is very elegant, built of Chelms- fore granite. The state-house is built on ground elevated about 100 feet above the level of the harbor, and is a noble edifice. It is 173 feet in front, and 61 deep, and its situation and size render it a very conspicuous object. The dome is 50 feet in diameter, terminated by a circular lantern, at an elevation of 100 feet from the foundation. The prospect from the top is ex ceedingly magnificent and beautiful ; surpass ing every thing of the kind in this country, and will bear a comparison with the castle hill of Edinburgh, the famous bay of Naples, or any other of the most picturesque scenes in Europe. Here may be seen at a view, the town with its 2A shipping and buildings, the harbor and it* islands, Charles river, a fine country, orna mented with elegant country-seats, and more than 20 flourishing towns. In front of the state-house is the common, containing 44 acres, surrounded by the mall, an extensive and most delightful public walk. The facilities for travelling in the neighbor hood of Boston are very great. There are more stage-coaches running to and from this city than any other in America. Hourly and half-hourly stages carry passengers to the neighboring towns at a very low rate. The number of daily arrivals and departures is about 250. In summer there are steam-boats running to Hingham, Nahant and the coast of Maine. The roads about Boston are excellent, and the public houses of the first order. The country here is exceedingly varied and pictur esque, adorned with every graceful variety of hill and dale, garden and grove, and abound ing in beautiful villages and elegant country- seats. The heights of Dorchester, which corn- mand the city and harbor, and whose batteries drove the British from Boston in 1776, are now within the limits of the city. A city government was first adopted in 1821 ; the officers are a mayor, 8 aldermen, and a common council of 48, all elected by a popu lar vote in December annually. With Chelsea, on the opposite side of the harbor, Boston com poses the county of Suffolk, which has 6 sena tors in the state legislature* The city alone sends one representative to congress. The yearly expenses are about 300,000 dollars, of which above 50,000 are appropriated to the support of common schools; 80,000 for im proving the streets, and 30,000 for the poor. The census of 1830 gave a return of 61,392 inhabitants for the 12 wards within the juris diction of the city, but taking in those adjoin ing parts of Charlestown, Cambridge and Rox- bury, which are, to all practical purposes, so many portions of the capital, its whole popu lation will amount to about 80,000. The city proper has 40 churches, 19 banks, 2 theatres, 80 public schools, and 50 bookstores. Boston contains 135 streets, 21 la/ies, and 80 wharves. BOSTON, t. Niagara co. N. Y. BOSTON, t. Portage co. Ohio ; 18 m. NNW, Ravenna. BOSTON, New, t. Clark co. Ohio; 3 m. SW. Springfield. BOSTON, South, t. Halifax co. Va. ; on the Dan, about 30 m. E. Danville. BOSTON, t. Erie co. N. Y. 320 m. W. Al bany. Pop. 1,520. BOSWELLSVILLE, v. Louisiana co. Va. 20 m. NW. Richmond. BOTETOURT, co. central part of Va., bounded N. by Bath co. NE. by Rock bridge co. SE. by Bedford and Franklin cos. SW. by Montgomery co. and NW. by Monroe co. Pop. 16,354, of whom 4,170 are slaves. Chief town, Fincastle. BOTTLE HILL, t. Morris co. N. J. ; 2 m. NW. Chatham, 15 NW. Elizabethtown, 228 from W. It is a pleasant village, and contain* a Presbyterian church and an 202 BOU BRA BOUNDEROOK, t. Somerset co. N. J. on the N. bank of the Raritan ; 7 m. NW. New Brunswick, 200 from W. BOURBON, co. N. part of Kentucky. Pop. 18,434. Chief town, Paris. BOURBON, New, v. Missouri, on W. side of the Mississippi, 2 m. below St. Genevieve. BOURBON RIVER, a branch of the Ma- ramek, in St. Louis co. Missouri. BOURCHEMIN, Seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower Canada, 33 m. E. Montreal. BOUCHARA, isl. L. C. in the river St. Lawrence, 21 m. NE. Montreal. BOUCHERVILLE, Seigniory, Kent co. L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, op posite the island of Montreal, and about 10 m. E. of the city. r BOUDET, r. runs into Lake St. Francis, near the boundary between Upper and Lower Canada. : BOUGECHITO, r. rises in Mississippi, and running SE. joins Pearl river in Louisiana. BOURGLOIS, Seigniory, Hampshire co. L Canada, 25 m. W. of Quebec. BOURGMARIE,Eas, Seigniory, Bucking ham and Richelieu cos. L. Canada, 36 m. S. Three Rivers. BOURGMARIE, West, Seigniory, Riche lieu co. L. Canada, 35 m. NE. Montreal. BOVINA, t. Delaware co. N. York. Pop. 1,346. ,.**. BOW, t. Merrimack co. N. H. ; on W. side the Merrimack ; 5 m. S. Concord. Pop. 1,065 BOWBACK, mt, in Stratford, N. H. BOWDOIN, t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 20 m WNW. Wiscasset, 148 NE. Boston, 617 from W. Pop. 2,095. BOWDOINHAM, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the Kennebeck ; 15 m. WNW. Wiscasset, 148 NE. Boston, 590 from W. Pop. 2,061. BOWERBANK, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 40 m. NW. Bangor. Pop. 49. BOWERS, v. Essex co. Va. BOWERS, v. Southampton co. Va. BOWER S STORE, t. Ashe co. N. C. 170 m. NW. from Raleigh. BOWERSVILLE, v. Livingston co. N. Y 208 m. W. from Albany. BOWERSVILLE, v. Southampton co. Va. BOWLERS, v. Essex co. Va.; 129 m fromW. BOWLING GREEN, Caroline co. Va. : 36 m. NE. Richmond, 80 from W. It is the Beat of justice for the county. BOWLING GREEN, t. Warren co. Ken about 30 m. E. Russellville, 702 from W. Il is the seat of justice for the county, and con tains a bank.. BOWLING GREEN, t. Licking co. Ohio BOWLING GREEN, t. Oglethorpe co Geo. about 75 m. N. from Milledgeville. BOWLING GREEN, Pike co. Miso. BOWMAN S CREEK, t. Montgomery eo N. Y. 60 m. NW. from Albany. BOWMAN S MOUNTAIN, called the Bald Mountain, near the western limits of Luzerne eo. is a high, regular, barren range whose average height may be 1,000 feet. This ex Sends from the E. to the W. branches of the Susquehannah river, between which it appear* o have no other name than those mentioned, except that, in a small territory on the head )f Fishing creek, the inhabitants call it the North Mountain. Westward of the waters of the Susquehannah, it forms the main ridge of ;he Alleghany Mountains. It crosses the E. jranch of the Susquehannah, at the mouth of Tunkhannock and Bowman s creeks, and ex- ending N. eastwardly, it is called Tunkhan- wck Mountain, and terminates in Susquehan nah co. where it is called the Elk Mountain. BOWMAN S VALLEY, lying on Bourn s creek, between Bowman s and Mahoopeny Mountains, Luzerne co. Pa. is not very popu lous, and the land generally poor. It is about 2 m. wide and 15 m. long. The principal popu lation is near the river. BOWYER, Fort, situated on Mobile point, This was merely a small water battery erected to defend the main pass into Mobile Bay. Here, on Sept. 15th, 1814, Major W. Law- rence, with a garrison of 158 men, repulsed an attack made by a British squadron, of which the Hennes of 28 guns was destroyed. The fort was invested by a land and naval force on the 8th of Feb. 1815, and surrendered to Gen. Lambert, by Maj. Lawrence, on the 10th of the same month, and on the ratification of peace was restored to the U. S. BOWYER S SULPHUR SPRINGS, v Greenbrier co. Va. BOWYERSVILLE, v. Southampton Va. 224 m. from W. BOWYER S BLUFF, the W. point of Washington harbor in Green Bay, Lake Michi gan, 83 m. NE. Fort Howard, 99 SW. Macki- ,w. BOXBOROUGH, t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 30 m. WNW. Boston. Pop. 474. BOXFORD, t. Essex co. Mass. ; 15 m. NW. Salem, 24 N. Boston, 467 from W. Pop. 937. BOYDSVILLE, t. Davidson co. Tenn. 20 m. from Nashville. BOYD S CREEK, v. Sevier co. Tenn.; 581 m. from W. BOYD S CREEK, r. Louisiana, which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 91 25 W. lat. 31 50 rN. BOYD S LANDING, v. Caldwell co. II. BOYDTON, t. Mecklenburg co.Va.; 100 m. SSW. Richmond, 197 from W. It contains a court-house and jail. BOYLE, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the Gen- esee ; 20 m. NW. Canandaigua, 396 from W. BOYLSTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 7 m. NNE. Worcester, 42 W. Boston, 425 from W. Pop. 820. BOYLSTON, West,t. Worcester co.Mass.; 7 m. N. Worcester, 44 W. Boston, 425 from W. Here is a cotton manufactory. BOYLSTON, t. Oswego co. N. Y BOZRAH, t. New London co. Ct. about 5 m. W. Norwich. Pop. 1,078. BRACEVILLE, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, or* W. side of Warren; 317 m. from W. BRACEVILLE, v. Knox co. Indiana. BRACKEN, co. N. part of Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 6,392. Chief town, Augusta, BRA BRA 203 BRACKEN CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, Ion. 84 8 W. lat. 38 36 N. BRADDOCK S FIELD, place, in Pa. on Turtle creek; 6 m. ESE. Pittsburg. Here Gen. Braddock fell into an ambuscade of In dians, was defeated, and mortally wounded. It was here the military talents of Gen. Wash ington, then a provincial major, were first con spicuously displayed. BRADDOCK S BAY, on S. side of Lake Ontario ; 5 m. W. of the mouth of the Gene- see, in Gates. BRADFORD, t. Orange co. Vt. on the Con necticut; 7 m, S. by W. Newbury, 505 m. from W. Pop. 1,507. Here is a paper mill. BRADFORD, Clearfield co. Ohio. BRADFORD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H.; 20 m. WNW. Concord, 514 from W. BRADFORD, t. Essex co. Mass, on S. side of the Merrimack, opposite Haverhill ; 28 m. N. Boston, 18 WNW. Salem, 472 from W. Lon. 71 1 W. lat. 42 46 N. Pop. 1,856. It is a pleasant town, and has 2 parishes. Great quantities of leather shoes are made here for exportation. BRADFORD, a county in the E. district of Pennsylvania, bordering on New York. It is intersected by the E. branch of the Susque- hannah river, which receives numerous collat eral branches flowing from all directions with in the county. Pop. 19,669. Towanda is the chief town, situated about 60 m.NW.Wilkes- barre ; and here is printed a weekly newspa per. Bradford was formerly called Ontario co. BRADFORD, t. Clearfield co. Pa. BRADFORD, East, t. Chester co. Pa. wa tered by the Brandywine. BRADFORD, West, t. Chester co. Pa. BRADFORD, Merrimack co. N. H. 20 m. W. from Concord. Pop. 1,285. BRADLEY HALL, v. Prince William co. Va. ; 33 m- from W. BRADLE YVALE, t. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 38 m. N. Newbury. BRADLEYSVILLE, v. Litchfield co.Ct.; 329 m. from W. BRADLEYSVILLE, t. Sumpter district, S. C. 62 m. E. from Columbia. BRADY and EASTOWN GRANT, t. Ox ford co. Me. BRAIN ARD S BRIDGE, v. in Nassau, N. Y. ; 409 m. frm W. BRAINERD, a missionary station among the Cherokees, in a district of country called Chickamaugah, on Chickamaugah creek ; 7 m. E. Lookout Mountain, about 50 SSW. Wash ington, Tenn. 100 E. by N. Huntsville, 140 WSW. Knoxville, 155 NW. Athens. It is 15 m. by the course of the creek above its en trance into the Tennessee, and only 6 from the river at the nearest point; and is near the chartered limits of Tennessee and Georgia. The Chickamaugah is navigable for boats to Brainerd. The missionary establishment was commenced here early in 1817. The buildings consist of a dwelling-house, with appendages for the accommodation of the family, 2 school- houses, 1 for the boys and 1 for the girls, sev eral cabins used as dwelling-houses, a grist mill, saw-mill, blacksmith s and carpenter s shops. A farm of about 50 acres is brought under cultivation, and already such is the pro- gress of the Cherokees in agriculture, that they furnish most of the means of subsistence to the mission. In the burying-ground is the grave of the Rev. Dr. Worcester, late Corre sponding Secretary to the Board, who died here June 7th, 1821. BRAINTREE, t. Orange co. Vermont; 6 m. WNW. Randolph, 23 SSW. Montpelier. Pop. 1,209. BRAINTREE, t. Norfolk co. Mass.; 12 m. SSE. Boston. Pop. 1,752, This town is fa mous for being the birth-place of the Hon. John Adams, the second president of the U. States. BRAINTREE, New, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 18 m. W. Worcester, 58 WSW. Boston. Pop. 912. This is a valuable township, and pro duces large quantities of beef, butter, and cheese. BRAINTREM, t. Luzcrne co. Pa. on the Susquehannah ; 265 m. from W. BRANCHTOWN, v. Philadelpliia co. Pa. BRANCHVILLE, v. Sussex co. N. J. 78 rn. N. from Trenton. BRANDON, t. Rutland co. Vt. on Otter creek, 12 m. N. Rutland, 40 SW. Montpelier Pop. 1,940. Here is a bed of iron ore of a su perior quality, at which are erected a forge, a furnace, and an establishment for the manu facture of shovels ; the forge yields 36 tons of bar iron, and the furnace upwards of 100 tons of cast iron annually. BRANDYWINE MANOR, v. Chester co. Pa. 30 m. from Philadelphia. BRANDYWINE, t. Chester co. Pa. BRANDYWINE, hundred, in NE. corner of Newcastle co. Delaware. BRANDYWINE, t. Newcastle co. Del. BRANDYWINE, r. which rises in Pa. and passing into Delaware, joins the Christiana a little below Wilmington. It is 40 m. long, and through its whole course is a fine stream well adapted to water works. The descent in 25 m. is 300 feet. For an account of the Brandywine Mills, see Wilmington. BRANDY POTS, islands in the St. Law rence, 103 m. below Quebec, and opposite the mouth of Saguenay river. BRANFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct. ; 7m E. New Haven, 311 from W. Lon. 72 50 W. lat. 41 17 N. Pop. 2,333. BRANFORD, North, t. New Haven co.Ct.; 5 m. N. Branford. BRANTREM, v. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Susquehannah, 50 m. above Wilkesbarre. Pop. 525. BRANT S VILLAGE, on Grand river, U.C. BRASCHIN S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Salt river, Ion. 85 36 W. lat. 37 50 N. BRASSOS A DIOS, river of Texas, in the intendency of St. Louis Potosi ; the sources of the Brassos are not correctly known, but are supposed to be S. of Red river, about N. lat. 33. The length of this river exceeds 400 m. ; the country near its sources is mostly prairie, 204 BRA BRI with narrow borders of woods along the banks of the river, and some of its branches. BRATTLEBOROUGH, t. Windham co. Vt. on the Connecticut ; 12 m. SE. Newfane, 20 S. by W Walpole, 36 E. Bennington, 41 N. Northampton, 96 WNW. Boston, 110 S. Montpelier, 427 from W. Lat. 42 52 N. Pop. 2,141. It contains two parishes, in each of which there is a handsome village. The village in the east parish is on the W. bank of the river, and contains a Congregational meeting-house, a cotton manufactory, a pa. per mill, and one of the largest printing establishments in the United States. It is a pleasant and flourishing village, and has con siderable trade. Here is a bridge across the Connecticut. The other village is about 2 m. WNW. and contains a Congregational meet ing-house, and a woollen manufactory. BRATTON S RIVER, r. North America, which runs into the Missouri, 2,232 m. from the Mississippi. BRATTONSVILLE, v. Prince William co. Va. 35 m. SW. from W. BREAKNECK HILL, on the Hudson, at the entrance of the Highlands, opposite Butter Hill; 60 m. N. of New York. BREAM S HEIGHTS, eminence, N. York, on Hudson river, where Gen. Gates had a camp previous to the capitulation of Saratoga. BRECKENRIDGE, co. Ken. bounded by the Ohio river NW. by Hardin E. and SE. by Grayson S. and by Ohio and Daviess SW. ; surface broken, and soil generally productive. Staples, grain, flour, tobacco, and salted pro visions. Chief town, Hardensburg. Pop. 7,345. BRECKNOCK, t. Lancaster co. Pa. BRECKNOCK, t. Berks co. Pa. BREED S HILL, an eminence on the N. side of Charlestown, in Mass, celebrated for the stand made by the Americans against the British troops, at the commencement of hos tilities with the mother country. This action is usually called the battle of Bunker Hill (an other hill near it.) See Bunker Hill. BRENTWOOD, t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 20 m. WSW. Portsmouth, 521 from W. Pop. 891. It is watered by Exeter river, and con tains a Congregational and a Baptist meeting house, and cotton manufactories. BRETON WOODS, t. Coos co. N. H. ; 12 m. SSE. Lancaster. Pop. 108. BRENTVILLE, v. Prince William co. Va. BRETON, Cape, island of N. America, be tween 45 and 47 N. lat. separated from Nova Scotia by a narrow strait called Canso, and is 100 m. in length, and 50 in breadth. It is a barren country, subject to fogs throughout the year, and covered with snow in the winter. There is an excellent fishery on this coast. It was confirmed to England by treaty in 1763. BRETON, island of Louisiana, or rather 2 small islands lying SW. from the Grand Go- sier. There is a channel containing 12 feet water between the islands of Grand Gosier and Breton Island, and another SW. of the latter, leading into Chandeleur Bay, with 18 feet water N. lat. 29 26 , BREVELLE, t. Natchitoches co. Louisiana BREWER, t. Penobscot Me. on E. side of the Penobscot, opposite Bangor ; 34 m. N. of Castine, 696 from W. Pop. 1,078. BREWSTER, t. Barnstable co. Mass.; 16 m. E. Barnstable, 88 SE. Boston, 498 from W. Pop. 1,418. BRIAR CREEK, t. Columbia co. Pa. BRIAR S CREEK, r. Georgia, which runs into the Savannah, 40 m. below Augusta. In 1779, a part of the American army was sur prised on this river by the British, and en tirely routed, with the loss of 400 men killed or taken. BRICELAND CROSS ROADS, v. Wash ington co. Pa. BRICK HOUSE, v. Sussex co. N. J. BRICKSVILLE, t. Cuyahoga, co. N. York, at the E. end of Long Island. BRIDGEBRANCH, or BridgeviUe, v. Sus- sex co. Delaware ; 132 m. from W. BRIDGEFIELD, Shelby co. Kentucky. BRIDGEHAMPTON, v. in Southampton, N. York. BRIDGEHAMPTON, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. at the NE. end of Long Island. BRIDGEPORT, s-p. and bor. in the town- ship of Stratford, Ct. in L. Island Sound, at the mouth of the Pequanock; 3 m. W. of 17i SW. New Haven, 286 from W. Pop. 2,803. It contains a bank and several houses of pub- lie worship. It is a pleasant and flourishing- village, and has considerable trade. BRIDGEPORT, t. Harrison co. Va, ; 265 m. from W. BRIDGEPORT, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the Monongahela, separated from Brownsville by Dunlap s creek. BRIDGEPORT, v. Belmont co. Ohio, 18 m. from Wheeling, 283 from W. BRIDGEPORT, t. Fair-field co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, on the E. side of Sasco river, and 10 m. NE. of Norwalk. BRIDGETON, t. Cumberland co. Me. ; 39 m. NW. Portland, 130 NNE. Boston, 589 from W. Pop. 1,541. Here is an academy. BRIDGETOWN, the capital of the island of Barbadoes, situate in the inmost part of Car- lisle Bay, which is large enough to contain 500 ships, but the bottom is foul, and apt to cut the cables. This city was burnt down in 1688; and suffered also greatly by fires in 1756, 1766, and 1767. Before these fires it contained 1,500 houses ; and it has since been rebuilt. The streets are broad, the houses bigh, the wharves and quays convenient, and the forts strong. The church is as large as some cathedrals. Here also is a free-school, an hospital, and a college ; the latter erected t>y the Society for Propagating the Gospel, sursuant to the will of Col. Codrington, who endowed it with 2,000 a year. The town lad scarcely risen from the calamities already mentioned, when it was torn from its founda tion by a hurricane in 1780, in which many of the inhabitants perished; and in 1831 it ex, jerienced a similar calamity Lon, 59 43 / W. lat. 13 5 N, BRI BRO 205 BRIDGETOWN, t. Middlesex co. N. J.; 5 m. SW. Elizabethtown, 20 SW. New York, 70 NE. Philadelphia. BRIDGETOWN, t. and cap. Cumberland co. N. J. on the Cohanzy ; 56 m. S. Philadel phia, 173 from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, and a printing- office, and is a place of considerable trade. The Cohanzy is navigable to this town for vessels of 100 tons. BRIDGETOWN, t. Queen Anne co. Md. on the Tuckahoe ; 8 m. E. Centreville. BRIDGETOWN, t. Kent co. Md. on the river Chester; 18 rn. E. Chester. It has about 40 houses. BRIDGEWATER, t. Windsor co. Vt. ; 17 m. NW. Windsor. Pop. 1,311. BRIDGEWATER, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. BRIDGEWATER, t. Graflon co. N. H. on the Merrimack ; 10 m. S. Plymouth, 70 NW. Portsmouth. Pop. 783. BRIDGEWATER, t. Plymouth co. Mass. : 18 m. NW. Plymouth, 22 S. Boston. Pop. 1,855. It is a large and valuable agricultural town, and one of the most considerable in the state with regard to manufactures, which con- sist of iron, cotton, and woollen. BRIDGEWATER, t. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 12 m. S. Utica, 401 from W. Fop. 1,608. BRIDGEWATER, t. Luzerne co. Pa.; 275 m. from W. Pop. 1.418. BRIDGEWATER, t. Somerset co. N. J. ; 3 m. N. Roundbrook. Pop. 2,906. BRIDGEWATER, r. Mass, which unites with the Namasket to form Taunton river. BRIDPORT, t. Addison co. Vt. ; E. of Lake Champlain, opposite Crown Point, 5 m. W. Middlebury, 50 WSW. Montpelier, 468 from W. Pop. 1,774. BRIER CREEK, t. Wilkes co. N. C. 180 m. NW. by W. from Raleigh. BRIGHTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 5 m. W. Boston. Pop. 972. Here the cattle are driven for the supply of Boston market. The Brighton Cattle Show is under the direction of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society. Stalls are erected for the cattle, and a building 70 feet by 36 for the exhibition of domestic man ufactures. Brighton has many elegant coun try-seats. BRIGHTON, t. Monroe co. N. Y. on the E. side of Genesee river, at its mouth, 24 m. NW. Canandaigua. Pop. 6,519. In this town is the new village of Carthage, and part of Rochester. BRIGHTON, t. Beaver co. Pa. at the falls of Big Beaver creek. Here are an iron fur nace and a forge, and valuable mills. BRIGHT S CORNER, t. Cumberland co. Me. 36 m. from Portland. BRIGHT HOPE, t. Green co. Ten. 200 m. E. from Murfreesborough. BRIGHTSTOWN, t. Crawford co. Pa. BRIMFIELD, t. Hampden co. Mass.; 19 m. E. Springfield, 70 WSW. Boston, 375 from W. Pop. 1,599. BRIMFIELD, South, t. Hampden co. Mass. , 16 m. E. Springfield, 380 from W. . BRINGREI S FARM, t. on the left bank of the Mississippi, 5 m. below Donaldsonville, and 75 above N. Orleans. BRINKLEYSVILLE, v. Halifax co. N. C. 225 from W. BRISTOL, t. Addison co. Vt. ; 25 m. WSW. Montpelier, 482 from W. BRISTOL, t. Lincoln co. Me. on E. side of the Damariscotta, at its mouth ; 13 m. E. Wiscasset, 180 NE. Boston, 609 from W. Pop. 2.450. Here is an academy. BRISTOL, co. S. part of Mass. ; bounded N. by Norfolk co. E. by Plymouth co. S. by Buzzard s Bay, and W. by Rhode Island. Pop. 49,474. Chief towns, Taunton and N. Bedford BRISTOL, co. R. I.; bounded N. and NE. by Massachusetts, E. by Mount Hope Bay, and W. by Narraganset Bay. It contains the towns of Bristol, Warren, and Barrington. Pop. 5,466. Chief town, Bristol. BRISTOL, s-p. and cap. Bristol co. R. I. on the continent ; 4 m. S. Warren, 15 S. Provi dence, 15 N. Newport, 56 SSW. Boston, 424 from W. Lon. 71 12 W. lat. 41 35 N. Pop. 3,054. It is a very pleasant town, and has a safe and commodious harbor, and is a place of considerable trade. It was distin guished for the part which it took in the slave- trade previous to its abolition by the American government. It owns about 7,000 tons of shipping. The trade is chiefly to the West Indies and to Europe. It contains a court house, a jail, a market-house, a masonic hall, 4 banks, an academy, a public library, and 4 houses of public worship. Great quantities of onions are raised here for exportation. BRISTOL, t. Grafton co. N. H. 90 m. from Boston. Pop. 799. BRISTOL, t. Hartford co. Ct. ; 17 m. SW. Hartford, 331 from W. This town has large manufactories of wooden and brass clocks, and 30,000 are sometimes made in a year. Pop. 1,707. BRISTOL, t. Ontario co. N. Y. ; 10 m. SW. Canandaigua, 374 from W. Pop. 2,952. BRISTOL, bor. and t. Bucks co. Pa. on W. bank of the Delaware ; 19 m. NE. Phila delphia, 157 from W. It is a handsomely built village, pleasantly situated, and is the re sort of much genteel company in the summer. BRISTOL, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. BRISTOL, t. Morgan co. Ohio. BRISTOL, v. Perry co. Ohio, 50 m. SE. from Columbus. BBISTOL BAY, on the W. coast of N. A. formed by the Peninsula of Alaska on the S. and Cape Newnham on the N. Lat.58 20 N. BRITAIN, Little, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,800. It borders on Maryland. BRITAIN, New, t. Bucks co. Pa. It is at the head waters of the Neshaminy. BRITISH AMERICA. See p. 161. BROADALBIN, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 10 m. N. of the Mohawk. Pop. 2,657. There are 2 meeting-houses for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists, in this town. BROAD BAY, bay on the coast of Maine. Lon. 65 19 W. ; lat. 43 50 N. BROAD CREEK, v. Queen Anne co. Md. 50 m. from W. 206 BRO BRO BROAD CREEK, r. N. C. which runs into the Atlantic, Ion. 77 32 W. ; lat. 34 42 N. BROAD CREEK, r. Delaware, which runs into Nanticoke. BROAD CREEK, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac, Ion. 77 9 W. ; lat 38 , r >0 N. BROAD CREEK, hundred, in S. part of Sussex co. Delaware. BROADFIELD, v. Westmoreland co. Va. BROADHEAD S CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Delaware in N. part of North ampton co. BROAD KILL, t and hundred, in Sussex co. Del. on Delaware bay ; 173 m. from W. BROAD KILL, r. Delaware, which runs into Delaware bay, Ion. 75 19 W. ; lat. 38 50 N. BROAD MOUNTAIN, or fourth large ridge from the Blue Mount, commences its eastern extremity in Northampton co. near the head of Pokono creek, and crosses the Le- high at the " Turn Hole," extending westerly to the river Schuylkill. Its average height is about 1000 feet above its base. BROAD RIVER, r. or arm of the sea, S. C between Port Royal island and the main land Upon this river is Beaufort. BROAD RIVER, r. S. C. formed by the rivers Enoree, Tyger, and Pacolet. After a course of 40 miles, it unites with the Saluda a little above Columbia, to form the Congaree BROAD RIVER, r. Georgia, which runs into the Savannah, at Petersburg. BROAD RUN, r. Va. which runs into th Potomac, Ion. 77 30 W. ; lat. 39 9 N. BROKEN KNIFE, creek, Crawford co Ohio, on the E. branch of Sandusky r. BROCKPORT, v. Monroe co. N. Y. on the Great Western Canal, 17 m. W. from Roches ter. Pop. 792. BROCKVILLE, seat of justice, Leeds co U. C. on the left bank of the St. Lawrence, 16 m. above Prescott It is a very flourishing place, in a fertile, well cultivated neighbor hood. BROKENSTRAW, t. Warren co. Pa. BROKENSTRAW CREEK, v. Crawfon co. Pa. BROKENSTRAW CREEK, r. Pa. whicl runs ESE. into the Alleghany, about 8 m. W from Warren. It is about 40 yards wide a its mouth, and is a rapid stream, with numer ous mills on its banks. BROKEN SWORD, name of a creek in Crawford co. Ohio, running south-westwardl) into Sandusky r. BROMLEY, t. Somerset co. N. J. about 1 m. NW. from Boundbrook. BROMPTON, t. L. C. Buckingham co. or St. Francis r. BRONX, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 22 m NW. from the city of New York. BRONX CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs int East river, in Westchester. Length 28 m. BROME, t. Richelieu co. L.C. SE. frorr Montreal. BROOK HILL, v. Montgomery co. Ten 821 m. from W. BROOKE, co. NW, point of Va. boundec V. and N. by the Ohio, E. by Pennsylvania, and S. by Ohio co. Pop. 6,774. Chief town, Vellsburg. BROOKEVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md. a branch of Patuxent r. 20 m. N. from W. C. It contains about 20 dwelling-houses, 1 male and one female school, an excellent asso ciate library, 2 drug shops, 1 store, 2 tanneries, and 2 grist and saw-mills. Lat. 39 11 N. 22 m. from W. BROOKFIELD, t. Orange co. Vt. 6 m. N. from Randolph, and 17 S. from Montpelier. " 1,677. BROOKFIELD, t. Strafford co. N. H. 31 m. NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 671. BROOKFIELD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 n. W. from Worcester, and 58 W. from Bos- n. Pop. 2,342. It was formerly divided into two parishes, but the second parish now con stitutes a distinct town called North Brook- Beld. This town was settled at an early pe riod, and during Philip s war in 1675, was at tacked by the Indians. The inhabitants col lected in one house, which was immediately besieged by the savages, who set fire instantly to every other building in the town. For two days and nights the Indians poured in shot upon the people in the house incessantly, but were met by a most determined defence on the part of the besieged. They then attempt ed to fire the house by flaming torches, at the ends of long poles; but the garrison contin ued to defend themselves by firing from the windows and throwing water upon the flames, as they fortunately had a pump within the house. These attempts failing, the Indians then prepared a cart loaded with flax, hemp, and other combustible matters, and, under cover of a barricade of boards, thrust the burning mass by the means of long timbers against the house. In this movement one of the wheels came oft , which turned the ma chine aside and exposed the Indians to the fire of the garrison ; a shower of rain coming on at the same time, extinguished the flames. Shortly afterwards a reinforcement of forty men arrived from Boston, forced their way through the enemy and joined the garrison. The Indians then abandoned the siege and retired, having suffered a heavy loss. BROOKFIELD, t. Fairfield co. Ct 6 m. NE. from Danbury, 33 NW. from New Haven, and 305 from W. Pop. 1,261. BROOKFIELD, t. Madison co. N. Y. on the Unadilla; 22 m. S. from Utica, 93 W from Albany, and 348 from W. Pop. 4,367. BROOKFIELD, t. Essex co. N. Y. 525 m. from W. BROOKFIELD, t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; 15 m. N. from Warren. BROOKFIELD, t. Morgan co. Ohio. BROOKFIELD, (North,) t. Worcester co. Mass. 19 m. W. from Worcester, and 59 WSW. from Boston. BROOKFIELD, Montgomery co. Ohio. BROOKHAVEN, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on Long Island ; 70 m. E. from New York. Pop. 6,095. This is a very large township, extend ing from one side of fhe island to the other. BRO BRO 207 and containing 9 post-offices, viz. Brookhaven, Satauket, Stony Brook, Middletown, Pat- chogue, Fire Place, Forge, Drowned Meadow, and Moriches; and 7 houses of public worship. BROOK-HILL, Montgomery co. Ten. BROOKLINE, t. Windhara co. Vt. 40 m. S. from Windsor. BROOKLINE, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 9 m. SSW. from Amherst, and 65 WSW. from Portsmouth. BROOKLINE, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 5 m. SW. from Boston. It is a pleasant town, and contains a number of elegant country-seats. Large quantities of vegetables are raised here for the supply of Boston market. BROOKLYN, t.Windham co.Ct. 46 m. E. from Hartford. BROOKLYN, t. Cuyauga co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 348. BROOKLYN, a large town on Long Isl and, separated from the city of New York by the narrow channel called East River. It is properly a suburb of that city, and is a place of great business. It is regularly built, and contains many fine houses, the residence of merchants from the city. The United States Navy Yard is in the east part of the town upon a bay called the Wallabout. Pop. 15,396. Near this town a bloody battle was fought with the British in 1776, and the neighbor hood exhibits many remains of the fortifica tions thrown up at that time. BROOKS, t. Hancock co. Me. by the post- road 114 m. NE. from Portland. Pop. in 1820, 318. BROOKSVILLE, t. Hancock co. Me. Pop. 1,099. BROOKVILLE, or Franklin, t. and cap. Franklin co. Indiana, on the White Water ; 30 in. N. from Lawrenceburg, 42 NW. from Cincinnati, and 578 from W. It is a very flourishing town, finely situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a print ing-office, and nearly 100 houses, and has con, siderable trade. BROOME, a south frontier co. of the state of N. Y. bordering on Susquehannah co. Pa. and Del. r. Pop. 17,582. Binghampton on the N. branch of the Susquehannah, 148 m. W. by S. of Albany, is the chief town. BROOME, or Bristol, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 35 m. SW. from Albany, and 381 from W. Pop. 3,161. BROOMVILLE, v. Del. co. N. Y. on Mo hawk branch of Del. r. about 70 in. SW. from Albany. BROTHER S VALLEY, t. Somerset co. Pa. BROTHERTOWN, an Indian village in Paris, N. Y. with a population of about 400. BROUETTE, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wabash, Ion. 87 40 W. ; lat. 39 44 N. BROUGHTON, t. Buckingham co, L. C. 36 m. S. from Quebec. BROWN, t. Lycoming co. Pa. BROWN, t. Miami co. Ohio. BROWN, t. Stark co. Ohio. BROWN, co. Michigan territory. Pop. 964. The seat of justice is Green Bay. BROWN, t. Hancock co. Me. 696 m. from W. BROWN, co. Ohio, on the r. Ohio, W. of Adams co. formed in 1818. Pop. 17,867. Georgetown is the chief town. BROWNFIELD, t. Oxford co. Me. on Saco r. 28 m. SW. from Paris. BROWNHELM, t. Huron co. Ohio. BROWN INLET, channel between two small islands on the N. coast of N. C. Lon. 7730 W.; lat. 34 32 N. BROWNINGTON, t. Orleans co. Vt. 55 m. NNE. from Montpelier. Pop. 412. BROWNSBOROUGH, t. Madison co. Ala. BROWNSBURG, t. Rockbridge co. Va. on Hay s creek ; 12 m. NNE. from Lexington. BROWNSBURG, v. Columbia co. Geo. 612 m. from W. BROWNSBURG, v. Washington co. Ten. 462 m. from W. BROWN S CROSS ROADS, v. Pike co. Ohio, 15 m. NW. from Piketon, and 24 SW. from Chilicothe. BROWN S CROSS ROADS, v. Ross co. Ohio. BROWN S CORNER, v. Kennebeck co. Me. 618 m. from W. BROWN S FERRY, t. Madison co. Ala. BROWN S MILLS, t. Mifllin co. Pa. BROWN S MILLS, t. Washington co, Ohio, 80 m. SE. from Columbus. BROWN S PASSAGE, NW. coast of America, between Dundas and Stephen s isl and, leading into Chatham s sound. BROWN S POINT, cape, S. extremity of the island of Tobago in the West Indies. Lon. 16 20 E. ; lat. 11 10 N. BROWN S SOUND, on NW. coast of America, lat. 55 18 N. ; Ion. 132 20 W. BROWN S STORE, t. Caswell co. N. C.. 1 80 m. NW. from Raleigh. BROWN S STORE, t. Culpeper co. Va, 70 m. NW. from Richmond, and 60 SW. from W. BROWNSTOWN, t. and cap. Jackson co. Indiana ; 25 N. by E. from Salem. BROWNSTOWN, v. Wayne co. Michigan, 16 m. SW. from Detroit. BROWN S TAVERN, v. Ann Arundel co. Md. BROWN S TURNPIKE, t. Albemarle co. Va. about 75 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. BROWN S VILLAGE, v. Herkimer co. N Y. 68 m. NW. from Albany. BROWNVILLE, t. Penobscot co. Me. 40 m. N. from Bangor. Pop. 402. In 1810, the country between Brownville and the Chaudiere was explored, and the distance to St. Francois on that river, found to be 100 m. BROWNVILLE, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. S. of the St. Lawrence, at E. end of lake Onta rio, and N. of Black river; 180 m. NW. from Albany, and 477 from W. Pop. 2,938. The village of Brownville is on Black r. 5 m. from its mouth, and is a place of considerable trade. BROWNSVILLE, or Broicnstown, t. and cap. Jackson co. Illinois, on Big Muddy river, 20 or 30 m. above its entrance into the Miss, and 30 SE. from Kaskaskia. It is a flourish ing town, situated in a very fertile country 208 BRO BRU and has fine mill seats. The Big Muddy r. is navigable a little above the town. Close to the town there is a salt spring, and 2 or 3 m. distant are immense quantities of coal. BROWNSVILLE, t. and bor. Fayette co. Pa. on the Monongahela r. 12 m. NW. from Union, 33 S. by E. from Pittsburg, 57 ESE. from Wheeling, and 223 from W. It is a wealthy and flourishing town. It contains a bank and a printing-office, and has in the town and vicinity many flour mills and manu facturing establishments. Here is a convenient and an abundant supply of coal. The situa tion of the town is singular and picturesque ; built on the side of a hill ; the houses on the most elevated part being about 300 feet higher than those on the Monongahela. Many boats are built here, loaded with produce, and taken to Pittsburg. In the vicinity are many monu ments of Indian antiquity. BROWNSVILLE, v. Marlborough district, S. C. 42.9 m. from W. BROWNSVILLE, v. Union co. In. on the E. fork of White r. 60 m. NW. from Cincin nati, and 70 SE. by E. from Indianapolis. BROWNSVILLE, v. Granville co. N. C. about 50 m. N. from Raleigh. BROWNSVILLE, v. Oldham co. Ken. 50 m. NW. from Frankfort. BROYLE, harbor, cape, and settlement, on the E. side of Newfoundland, 15 m. NE from Aquafort, and 30 SW. from St. John s. BRUCETOWN, v. Frederick co. Va. 78 m. W. from W. BRUCEVILLE, v. Knox co. In. BRULE RIVER, NW. territory, runs into lake Superior from the SW. It has a commu nication, though precarious and difficult, with the St. Croix of the Mississippi. BRUNERSTOWN, v. Jefferson co. Ken. 609 m. from W. Pop. 92. BRUNSWICK, co. S. side of Va. bounded N. by Dinwiddie and Sussex cos. E. by Greens ville co. S. by North Carolina, and W. by Mecklenburg and Lunenburg cos. Pop. 15,770. Lawrenceville is the chief town. BRUNSWICK, co. SE. part of N. C. Pop. 6,523. Chief town, Smithville. BRUNSWICK, t. Essex co. Vt. on the Ct. 65 m. NE. from Montpelier. BRUNSWICK, t. Schuylkill co. Pa. BRUNSWICK, t. Medina co. Ohio. BRUNSWICK, t. Cumberland co. Me. on S. side of the Androscoggin, opposite Top- sham, with which it is connected by two bridges, 30 m. NE. from Portland, 145 NNE. from Boston, and 581 from W. Pop. 3,747. Lon. 69 55 W. ; lat. 43 53 N. It is a pleasant town, and has considerable trade. The falls of the Androscoggin at this place afford a number of very fine mill seats, which are improved to a considerable extent in the manufacture of cotton and wool. Bowdoin College was incorporated in 1794, and was or ganized in 1802. It is pleasantly situated on an elevated plain, commanding a view of the Androscoggin and the adjacent country. The college buildings are the president s house, a chapel, containing in the second story the library, consisting of 8,000 volumes; and Massachusetts Hall, a brick building 50 feet by 40. This building contains the philosophi cal and the chemical apparatus, a laboratory, a cabinet of minerals, and a large collection of paintings bequeathed to the college by the Hon. James Bowdoin. To this gentleman the college is also indebted for a part of the min- eralogical specimens, and for a valuable col- lection of models in crystalography. The phi- losophical apparatus is excellent, and sufficient for a complete course of experimental lectures The legislative government of the college is in the hands of 13 trustees, and a board of 45 overseers. The executive government is intrusted to a president and four professors. The studies of which a knowledge is neces sary in order to admission into the freshmen class, are Virgil, Cicero s Select Orations, Grseca Minora, the Greek Testament, and the four fundamental rules of arithmetic. The following is the course of study. 1st year. The English, Latin, and Greek languages, and arithmetic. 2d year. The several lan guages continued, together with geography, algebra, geometry, plane trigonometry, men suration of superficies and solids, rhetoric and logic. 3d year. The several languages con tinued, together with heights and distances, gauging, surveying, navigation, conic sections, natural philosophy, chemistry, metaphysics,, history and theology. 4th year. Chemistry, metaphysics, and theology continued, together with astronomy, dialling, spherical geometry i and trigonometry, with their application to as- | tronomical problems ; ethics, natural law, and civil polity. For tuition, each student pays 20 dollars per annum, and for room rent, (for a whole room,) 10 dollars. Board is from $2 to 2.50 a week ; and wood, from 2 dollars to 2.50 a cord. Commencement is held on the first Wednesday in December. There are three vacations: the 1st, from commencement, 4 weeks: the 2d, from Friday after the 3d Wednesday in December, 8 weeks ; and the 3d, from Thursday preceding last Wednesday in May, 2| weeks. BRUNSWICK, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 6 m. E. from Troy. Pop. 2,570, BRUNSWICK, New, province of British America. See page 167. BRUNSWICK, t. Berks co. Pa. BRUNSWICK, t. Brunswick co. N. C, on W. side of Cape Fear river; 17 m. SW. from Wilmington. Lon. 78 10 W.; lat. 34 3 N. BRUNSWICK, s-p. and cap. Glynn co. Geo. at the mouth of Turtle river; 95 m. SSW. from Savannah, and 747 from W. Lon. 80 10 W. ; lat. 31 10 N. Its harbor is ex cellent, capable of containing a numerous fleet of men-of-war ; but it is a small town. The shipping owned here, amounts to 1,016 tons. BRUNSWICK, (New,} city, N. J. partly in Middlesex and partly in Somerset co. on SW. side of the Raritan, 17 m. by the course of the river above Raritan bay, 12 W. from Am- boy, 16 NE. from Princeton, 33 SW. from N. York, 56 NE. from Philadelphia, and 194 from W. Lon. 74 23 W.; lat. 40 30f N, BRU BUG 209 Pop. 7,831. It contains a court-house, jail, a market-house, 2 banks, a college, a theological seminary, and several houses of public wor ship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Dutch Reformed, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. A considerable part of the town is situated rather low, but it is account ed healthy, and has considerable trade. The exports consist chiefly of grain. The Raritan is navigable as far as this place for sloops of 80 tons. Here is a bridge across the river. Rutgers College was founded in this place by ministers of me Dutch Reformed church, in 1770. The building is a handsome stone edi fice, 3 stories high* It has 5 instructors, and the number of students ranges from 70 to 100. Commencement, 3d Wednesday in August. The first vacation is from commencement to Sept. 15th ; the 2d, from Dec. 21st to Jan. 7th; the 3d, from April 7th to May 1st. BRUSH CREEK, r. Ohio, which rises in Highland co. and flows through Adams co into the Ohio r. Large quantities of iron ore are found near this r. and several iron works and furnaces have been erected upon it. BRUSH CREEK, t. Scioto co. Ohio. BRUSH CREEK, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. BRUTUS, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 5 m. N. from Auburn, 175 NW. from Albany, 400 from W. Pop. 1,827. It is a very good agricultural town. Excellent limestone and gypsum are found here* BRYAN, a small maritime co. Geo. bound ed on the north by the Ogeechee r. which di vides it from Chatham co, ; the Cannouchee r. intersects it from the SW. corner, falling into the Ogeechee about the centre of the N. side. Pop. 2,319. The court-house of the county is about 15 m. S. of Savannah, and 206 SE. by E. from Milledgeville. BRYAN, t. Bryan co. Geo. between the Co- machie and Ogeechee r. about 25 m. SW. by W from Savannah. Lat. 31 53 N. ; Ion. 4 30 W. from W. BRYANTOWN, v. Charles co. Md. on the road from Port Tobacco to Annapolis, 40 m. SSW. from the latter place. BRYANT S CROSS ROADS, v. North ampton co. N. C. 325 m. from W. BRYANT S LICK, SE. branch of Green river, Ken. BRYAR CREEK, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on E. side of the Susquehannah. BRYDIE S STORE, t. Lunenburg co. Va. 80 m. SW. from Richmond. BUACHE, r. N. A. which rises in NW. ter ritory of the U. S. and runs to the Detroit r. BUCK CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio r. BUCK CREEK, a large mill stream of Clark co. Ohio, a branch of Mad river, on which has been erected, besides a consider able number of mills, a cotton and woollen manufactory. BUCKFIELD, t. Oxford co. Maine, 6 m. E. from Paris, 150 NNE. from Boston, 613 from W. Pop. 1,510. Iron ore is found here. BUCKHANAN, t. Harrison co. Va. 239 m. from W. 2B BUCKHANNON, v. Lewis co. Va. 282 m. NW. from Richmond. BUCKHEAD, creek, Geo. falls into tho Ogeechee r. 60 m. below Louisville. BUCKHEAD, t; Fairfield district, S. C. 35 m. N. from Columbus. BUCKHEAD, t. Morgan co. Geo. 50 m. N. from Milledgeville; BUCKHORN FALLS, v. Chatham Co. N. C. 315 m. from W. BUCKINGHAM, co; central part of Vfc bounded NW. and N. by James r< E. by Buck ingham co. S. by Prince Edward and Camp bell cos. Pop. 18,351. Chief town, New Can ton. The court-house is about 20 m. SW* from New Canton, 190 from W. BUCKINGHAM, C.H. Buckingham co. Va. 45 m. NE. from Lynchburg. BUCKINGHAM, t. Bucks co. Pa. 6 m. NW. from Newtown, 167 from W. BUCKINGHAM, t Wayne co. Pa. BUCKINGHAM, co. L. C. in the district of Three rivers, on the right side of St. Law rence river. BUCKINGHAM, t. L. C. in York co. on the Ottawa river. BUCKLAND, t Franklin co. Mass. 10 m. WSW. from Greenfield, 105 WNW. from Bos ton. Pop. 1,039. BUCKLAND, t. Prince William co. Va. 40 m. from W. BUCKLAND, t. Hertford co. L.C. on the right side of St. Lawrence r. 20 m, SE. from Quebec. BUCKLAND, t. Wayne co. Mich. BUCKLESTOWN, t. Berkeley co. Va. 8 m, from Martinsburg. BUCKNERSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken, 223 m. SW. from Frankfort BUCK S CREEK, n Ken. which runs into the Cumberland r. Lon. 84 25 W- ; lat. 36 46 N. BUCK S HARBOR, bay of the Atlantic, on S. coast of Maine, in the U. S., W. of Machia bay. Lon. 63 34 W. ; lat. 44 42 N. BUCKS, co. Pa. on the Delaware r. bounded SW. by Philadelphia and Montgomery, NW, by Lehigh and Northampton, and on the NE, and SE. separated from N. J. by the Delaware r. ; length 37 m. mean width 16 m, area 600 sq. ms. ; the surface hilly, or rather foiling* and delightfully variegated ; soil in general ex cellent. Staples, grain, flour, whiskey, fruit, cider, hay, and a great variety of other articles of minor importance. Besides the Delaware it is watered by the Neshaminy and Tochicon creeks, both fine mill streams ; the Perkiomen also rises in Bucks co. It is abundant in mills, and presents the aspect of a well cultivated and flourishing co. Chief towns, Doylestown, Newtown, and Bristol. Pop. in 1820, 37,842 ; in 1830, 45,740. BUCKSKIN, t. Ross co. Ohio. BUCKSPORT, t. Hancock co. Me- on the E. bank of the Penobscot, 17 m. above Castine, It is a maritime town, and has a consid erable trade. Pop. 2,237. It is pleasantly situated, and has a good harbor with sufficient depth of water for the largest ships, 210 BUC BUL BUCKSTOWN, t. Dorchester co. Md. 8 m. SE. from Cambridge. BUENAIRE, isl. in the W. Indies, belong ing to the Dutch. It is 52 m. E. from Cura- coa. Lon. 67 36 W. ; lat. 12 26 N. BUENAVENTURA, r. of Mexico, entering the Pacific Ocean, in New California, at 36 N. lat. and 44 W. Ion. from W. This river rises in the high mountain chain of Chippe- wan, between N. lat. 40 and 42, interlocking sources with Lewis Platte, and Rio Grande del Norte. Pursuing a south-western course of 700 m. it is lost in the Pacific. We have given the position and extent of this stream from Tanner s Map of Mexico. BUFFALO, t. port of entry and cap. Erie co. N. Y. 22 m. S. from the Falls of Niagara, 90 ENE. from Presque Isle, 222 NNE. from Pittsburg, 250 E. from Sandusky, 291 W. from Albany, 431 from W. Pop. 8,653. It is a pleasant and very thriving town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, and has a con siderable trade. Two weekly newspapers are published here. This town was burnt by the British during the kte war, but has since been rebuilt in an improved style. Being situated on the best channel of intercourse between the Atlantic and the regions of the west, Buffalo is destined to become a great emporium of trade The town is built on the NE. side of Buffalo creek, a considerable mill stream which joins the lake half a mile below. The depth of water in Buffalo creek is sufficient for a har bor, being 12 or 14 feet for a mile from its mouth, and the breadth from 12. to 16 rods. Its only obstruction is the sand and gravel at its mouth, driven in by gales of wind. To pre vent the sand from thus accumulating, a pier of 1000 feet in length has been built, which admits vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet water to enter the harbor. BUFFALO, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 570 BUFFALO, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,416. BUFFALO, t. Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 1,150, BUFFALO, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 375. BUFFALO, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 285 BUFFALO, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 696 BUFFALO, v. Mason co. Va. 389 m. from W, BUFFALO, v. Lincoln co. N. C. 454 m. from W. BUFFALO, t. Union co. Pa. BUFFALO, t. Perry co. Pa. BUFFALO, t. Pike co. Miso. BUFFALO, t. Erie co. N. Y. BUFFALO, East, t. Northumberland co. Pa. BUFFALO, West, t. Northumb. co. Pa. BUFFALO, r. Niagara co. N. Y. which runs into the Niagara r. at the outlet of lake Erie, and at the village of Buffalo. BUFFALO, r. Northumberland co. Pa. which runs into W. branch of the Susquehan- nah, a little above Lewisburg. BUFFALO, r. Tennessee, which runs SW into the Tennessee. Lat. 35 10 N. BUFFALO, r. Louisiana, which runs into the Mississippi, above the Illinois. BUFFALO, r. Louisiana, which runs into the Red River. BUFFALO, r. Mis. which runs S. of W. mid flows into the Mississippi, at Loftus Heights, 2 m. above Fort Adams. BUFFALO, small r. Mis. in Wilkinson co. its course is nearly W. 40 m. falls into the Mis- sissippi 9 m. below the mouth of Homochitto. The soil watered by this stream is generally hilly, but fertile, producing cotton and maize in abundance. BUFFALO, small branch of White r. Ark, BUFFALO, small stream, Mecklenburg cov Va. falls into the Roanoke in the SW. angle of the co. On this creek is a post-office, 120 m. SW. from Richmond. BUFFALO CREEK, r. Va which runs into the Ohio, above Wheeling. BUFFALO CREEK, r. N. C. which runs into Broad r. Lon. 81 46 W. ; lat 35 12 7 N. BUFFALO CREEK, Geo. runs into the Oconee, 30 or 40 m. below Milledgeville. BUFFALO FORK, Arkansas, rises near the N. bank of the Arkansas r. and running 180 m. NE. joins White r- 700 m. above its mouth. BUFFALO CREEK, Va. and Pa. rises in Washington co. of the latter, and falls into the Ohio r. at Wellsburg, Brooke co. of the former. BUFFALO LAKE, N. A. near the Copper Mine r. in Ion. 111 W.; lat 67 12 N. BUFFALO SHOAL, t Iredell co. N.C. 120 m. from Raleigh. BUFFORD S BRIDGE, v. Barnwell dis trict, S. C. BULA, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 233 m. from W. BULLET, co. Ken. on the Ohio. BULLET LICK, salt lick in Bullet co. Ken. 20 m. from the rapids of the Ohio. BULLETSBURG, t Boone co. Ken. 517 m. from W. BULL HILL, mt. in the Highlands, N. Y. near the Hudson. Height, 1,391 feet BULL ISLAND, S. C. one of the 3 islands which form the N. part of Charleston harbor, near the coast. BULLITT, co. Ken. bounded by the Ohio r. W., Salt r. SW., Nelson S., Shelby E., and Jef ferson N.; length, 30 m.; mean width, 10; area, 300 sq. ms.; surface hilly, and soil, though varied, generally productive. Staples, grain, flour and salted provisions. Chief town, Shep- pardsville. Pop. 5,660. Lat. 38 N. ; Ion. 8 30 W. from W. BULLOCK, co. Geo. bounded by Bryan SE., Tatnall SW., Emanuel NW., and Scriven and Efnngham NE. ; length, 45 m. ; mean breadth, 12 ; area, 540 sq. ms. Surface part level, and part hilly; soil of middling quality. Staples, grain, cotton, tobacco, &c. Chief town, States- borough. Pop. 2,586. Lat. 32 30 N. ; Ion. 5 W. from W. BULL S BAY, on the E. coast of New. fbundland, nearly due E. 60 m. from Placentia. Lon. from W. 24 30 E. ; lat 47 20 N. BULLSKIN, t. Fayette co. Pa. on NE. side of the Youghiogany. BULLSKIN, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, in Clermont co. BULLTOWN, v. Lewis co. Va. 372 m. NW. from Richmond. BUIr-BUR 211 BULSTRODE, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 20 m. SE. from Three Rivers. BUNCOMBE, co. N. C. bounded by S.C. S., Haywood W., Ten. NW., Ashe NE., Burke and Rutherford E. ; length, 85 m. ; mean width, 25; area, 2,125 sq. ms. Surface generally hilly and mountainous, and soil rocky, though in part fertile. Staples, grain and flour. Chief town, Ashville; Pop. 16,259. BUNGAH-QUOHEM, lake, Maine, 35 m. N. from Moosehead lake. BUNKER HILL, a steep height occupying the centre of the peninsula upon which stands the town of Charlestown, Mass. The southern extremity offers a less abrupt eminence de tached from the main height, and properly called Breed s Hill. Here was fought on the 17th of June, 1775, the celebrated battle known as the Battle of Bunker Hill. Gen. Warren fell in the action, and the Americans finally retreated from the spot, but the British suffered the loss of nearly half their men and were un able to make the least use of their advantage. To perpetuate the memory of this obstinate struggle between the undisciplined militia of New England and the veterans of Britain, a noble monument has been commenced on the spot, and is now about one third finished. It is a plain obelisk of granite, and will be 220 feet high. BURDETTE, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. by the postroad 277 m. W. from Albany. BURFORD, t. Oxford co. U. C. between Windham and Dundas-street. BURGESS, t. Leeds co. U. C. north from Bastard. BURGETTSTOWN, t. Washington co.Pa. 248 m. from W. BURGOE S GAP, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. 209 m. from W. BURKE, co. W. part of N. C. Pop. 17,727. Chief town, Morgantown. BURKE, co. N. part of Geo. Pop. 11,833. Chief town, Wayncsborough. BURKE, t Caledonia co. Vt. 20 m. NNE from Danville, 45 NE. from Montpelier, 534 from W. Pop. 866. BURKE S CANAL, inlet on the NW. coast of America, formed by King s Island on the N. and New Albion on the S. Lon. 232 10 E. ; lat. 51 57 N. BURKE S GARDEN, v. Tazewell co. Va 300 m. WSW. from Richmond. BURKSVILLE, t. Cumberland co. Ken about 50 m. E. from Bowling Green, 708 m from W. It is the chief town of the county, and contains a bank. BURLINGTON, t. Bradford co. Pa, BURLINGTON, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. 4 m. above Wheeling in Kentucky, 10 NE. from St. Clairsville. BURLINGTON, Licking co. Ohio. Pop, 4S9. BURLINGTON, t. and cap. Lawrence co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. 75 m. SE. from Chilicothe, 120 from Columbus. Pop. 140. BURLINGTON, t. port of entry and cap, Chittenden co. Vt. on a bay of the same name in lake Champlain, 20 m. SSE. from Plattsburg, 31 N. from Middlebury, 38 WNW. from Mont- pelier, 70 N. from Whitehall, 198 NW. from Boston, 501 from W. Lon. 73 15 W.; lat. 44 28 N. Pop. 3,526. The village is very finely situated, lying in the form of a parallel ogram, having its shortest side on the lake 100 rods in length, the other extending back up a gradual ascent a mile from the water. It con tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a uni versity, and 2 handsome Congregational meet ing-houses. At the falls of Onion r. there are a woollen manufactory, a cotton manufactory, a paper mill, an oil mill, and other valuable mills. Burlington is a flourishing town, and of more commercial importance than any other in the state. The University of Vermont was incorporated in 1791. The college edifice is a spacious and elegant brick building, 4 stories high, 160 feet long, 75 wide in the central part, and 45 on the wings, containing a chapel, 7 rooms for public uses, and 46 for students. It is finely situated on the east side of the village, one mile distant from lake Champlain, on an elevation of 330 feet above the surface of the water, and commands an extensive and de lightful prospect of the lake, with its islands, of the high mountains along the western shore, and the surrounding country. The president s house, belonging to the university, is a hand some building of wood. The library contains 8 or 900 volumes. The philosophical appa ratus is tolerably complete. The funds of the institution consist chiefly in lands, amounting to about 40,000 acres; but a small part of which is yet leased. The board of trustees is composed of the governor of the state, the speaker of the house of representatives, and the president of the university, ex officiis, to gether with 15 gentlemen chosen by the legis lature and holding their offices 9 years, but capable of a reappointment. Five new ap pointments are made every 3 years. The ex ecutive government consists of a president, 5 professors, 1 of languages, 1 of mathematics and natural philosophy, 1 of surgery and the theory and practice of physic, 1 of anatomy and physiology, and 1 of chemistry, and 2 tu tors. The number of students is 36. The studies of which a knowledge is necessary for admission, are the whole of Virgil, Cicero s Se lect Orations, the Greek Testament, and Arith metic. The following is the course of study : 1st year, Sallust, Cicero de Senectate and de Amicitia, Horace, Graeca Minora, part ofGra?ca Majora, Clark s Introduction, Neilson s Greek Exercises, Adams Antiquities, Murray s Gram mar, Blair s Lectures, and Arithmetic ; 2d year, Cicero de Oratore, Livy five first books, Graca Majora to the end, Elements of French, Geography, Logic, Webber s Mathematics, Simson s Euclid, and Walker s Rhetorical Grammar ; 3d year, Tacitus History, Cicero de Officiis, Enfield s Philosophy, Kaimes Ele ments of Criticism, Paley s Moral Philosophy, and Chemistry; 4th year, Locke on the Human Understanding, Stewart s Philosophy, Butler s Analogy, Paley s Evidences, Vincent s Cate chism, Vattel s Law of Nations, Homer s Iliad, Campbell s Philosophy of Rhetoric, and El- 212 BUR-BUS emento of Hebrew. For tuition, room rent, and library, each student pays $16 a year ; for board, from $1,50 to 1,75 a week. The com mencement is on the 2d Wednesday in Aug. There are only two vacations ; one from com mencement, 4 weeks ; the other from the 2d Wednesday in December, 9 weeks. The ex ercises of this institution were suspended for two years during the late war, and the stu dents were all dismissed. In August, 1815, it was reorganized. BURLINGTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 12 m. NNW. from Boston, 476 from W. Pop. 486. BURLINGTON, t. Hartford co.Ct. 16 m. W. from Hartford, 342 from W. Pop. 1,301. BURLINGTON, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. W. from Cooperstown, 78 W. from Albany, 366 from W. Pop. 2,459, It is a good agri cultural town, and contains 4 houses for public worship. BURLINGTON, co. N. J. on the Atlantic, and extending N W. to Delaware r. Pop. 31,066. Chief towns, Mount-Holly and Burlington. BURLINGTON, city, port of entry, and cap. Burlington co. N. J. on Delaware r. oppo site Bristol, 11 m. below Trenton, 17 above Phil adelphia. It was settled in 1677. It contains a court-house and jail, 4 houses of public wor ship, an academy, two flourishing boarding schools, 1 for boys and 1 for girls, a public libra ry, and has some considerable manufactures. BURLINGTON, t. Geauga co. Ohio. BURLINGTON, v. and seat of justice, Law rence co. Ohio, on the N. bank of the Ohio r. at the S. extremity of the co. 75 m. SE. from Chilicothe, and 110 SE. from Columbus. Lat. 38 30 N. ; Ion. 5 27 W. from W. BURLINGTON, v. Greene co. In. on the W. fork of White r. 50 m. NE. from Vincen- nes, and by the postroad 72 m. SW. from Co lumbus. BURLINGTON, v. Boone co. Ken. 14 m. SW. from Cincinnati, and by the postroad 83 m. a little E. of N. from Frankfort. BURLINGTON, t. Lycoming co. Pa. BURLINGTON BAY, forming the extreme W. part of lake Ontario, or rather a separate lake, as the surf has thrown up a bar of sand and pebbles. Over the outlet, a good bridge has been erected. BURNCOAT ISLAND, t. Hancock co. Me. Pop. 218. BURNING SPRINGS, the name given to certain springs in the W. part of the state of N. Y. chiefly in the towns of Bristol, Middle sex, and Canandaigua. They emit gas which may be set on fire, At Bristol the gas rises from the clefts of the slate rocks on the mar gin of a brook, and here it burns continually with a steady flame. Where it rises through the water it is formed into bubbles and flashes when the flame is applied. In Middlesex, the springs lie along a tract about a mile in length, partly at the bottom of a valley. The gas wises from the summits of little hillocks of a dark bituminous mould, and burns with a steady flame. In winter, when these hillocks are covered with snow, openings are made through it, and the gas, when set on fire, burns in contact with the snow. Sometimes tubes of ice are formed about the currents of gas, and rise to the height of several feet ; when several of these are lighted at once in a still evening, the illumination produces a most bril liant effect. There is another burning spring upon Niagara river, about half a mile above the falls, and within a few feet of the rapids ; the water is charged with sulphuretted hydro gen gas. In the SE. part of lake Erie, about 20 rods from the shore, is a burning spring rising from the bottom of the lake. The water is here 4 or 5 feet deep, and the stream from the spring is thrown to the surface with con siderable force. When a brand is applied to the water, it bursts into a flame. If drunk, it proves a powerful emetic. BURNT CABINS, Bedford co. Pa. BURNT CORN, t. and seat of justice, Mon roe co. Alabama. BURNT ISLAND, small island in the At lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 68 15 W. ; lat. 44 9 N. BURNT ISLAND, on the S. coast of New- foundland, 15 m. ESE. from Cape Ray. Lon, 58 50 W. ; lat. 47 30 N. BURNTLODGE, r. N. A. which runs into the Missouri, 6 m. W. from Bratton s r. BURRILLVILLE, t. Providence co. R. I, in the NW. corner of the state ; about 24 m. WNW. from Providence. It contains a bank and several cotton manufactories. BURRTOWN, t. Rutherford co. N. C. 498 m. from W. BURTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 88 m, NNW. from Portsmouth. BURTON, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on the Cuy- ahoga, about 10 m. SE. from Chardon, 342 from W. Here is an academy, BURTON, t. Sunbury co. N. Brunswick, on the W. side of St. Johns river. BURTON, t. Washington co. Miso. BURTONSVILLE, v. Orange co. Va. 108 m. from W. BURTUSH, harbor, on the NE. coast of N. Brunswick, 15 or 20 m. from the S. extremity BURTZTOWN, v. Northampton co. Pa. BURY, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 70 or 80 m. SE. from Three Rivers. BUSH, r. Md. which runs into Chesapeake bay, below Hartford. BUSH CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Delaware, in S. part of Wayne eo. BUSHKILL, t. Northampton co. Pa. BUSHKILL, creek, Northampton co. Pa. falling into the Delaware r. at Easton. It is between 20 and 30 m. long, and one of the finest mill streams in the state. BUSHVILLE, v. Franklin co. Geo. by the postroad 126 m. N. from Milledgeville. BUSHWICK, t. Kings co. Long Island, N. Y. on the N. side of Brooklyn, and on East River. Pop. 1,620. BUSKIRK S BRIDGE, v. Washington co. N. Y. 432 m. from W. BUSTARD, r. L. C. enters the St. Lawrence near Manicouigan Point. BUSTI, v. Chatauque co. N, Y. 350 rn. * little S. of W, from Albany. BUSCAB 213 BUSTLETOWN, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. 14 m. NE. from Philada. Here is an academy. BUTLER, co. Pa. between the Alleghany and Beaver rivers, bounded S. by Alleghany, W. by Beaver, NW. by Mercer, N. by Venango, and E. by Armstrong ; length, 35 m. ; mean width, 24 ; area, 840 sq. ms. ; surface hilly, but soil generally fertile and well watered. Chief town, Butler. Pop. 14,683. BUTLER, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. in 1820, 472. BUTLER, bor. and cap. of Butler co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 225. BUTLER, co. Ken. on Green r. bounded S. by Logan, W. by Muhlenberg, NW. by Ohio, NE. by Grayson, and SE. by Warren ; length 33 m. ; mean width, 25 ; area, 825 sq. ms. ; sur face gently waving or hilly ; soil fertile. Sta ples, grain, flour, fruit, live stock, and salted provisions. Chief town, Morgantown. Pop. 3,055. Lat 37 30 ; Ion. 9 30 W. from W. BUTLER, co. Ala. bounded S. by Cunecuh, W. by Monroe and Wilcox, N. by Montgome ry, and E. by Henry ; length, 63 m. ; mean width, 30 ; area, 1900 sq. ms. ; surface gener ally flat or gently rolling, with a thin soil, ex cept along the streams. Staple, cotton. Pop. 5,634 Lat. 31 45 ; Ion. 9 30 W. from W. BUTLER, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Preble and Montgomery cos. E. by Warren co. S. by Hamilton co. and W. by Ind. It is 27 m. long from E. to W. by 18 broad from N. to S. containing 480 sq. ms. The land is mostly of an excellent quality for farming. Chief town, Hamilton. Pop. 27,044. Lat. 39 30 ; Ion. 7 30 W. from W. BUTLER, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. BUTTER, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1820, 323. BUTTER, t Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 1,646. BUTTERHILL, mt. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, opposite to Breakneck Hill, 3 m. below Newburgh. Height, 1,432 feet. BUTTER ISLAND, t. Hancock co. Maine. Pop. in 181 0,10; in 1820, 11. BUTTERMILK FALLS, Luzerne co. Pa. so called from the color of the water ; below it is a fall of about 15 feet, over a rock formed by a creek of the same name, on which are some fine mills. BUTTERNUTS, t. Otsego co. N. Y. on the Unadilla, 21 m. SW. from Cooperstown, 87 W. from Albany, 343 from W. Pop. 3,991. It is a good agricultural town, and contains a forge for making bar iron, and some water works. BUTTERNUTS, r. N. Y. which runs into the Unadilla, in Oxford. Length, 30 m. BUTTON S BAY, the N. part of Hudson s Bay, through which attempts have been made to discover a NW. passage to China. It is so called from Sir Thomas Button, who here lost his ship, and came back in a sloop built in the country. It lies between 60 and 66 N. lat. BUTTON S ISLAND, in Hudson s Strait. BUXTON, t. York co. Maine, on E. side of the Saco, opposite Hollis, 8 m. NW. from Saco, 40 NNE. from York, 118 NNW. from Boston, 569 from W. Pop. 2,856. It is a considerable town. BUZZARD S BAY, on S. coast of Mass. opposite Barnstable Bay. It is 30 m. long, and 7 wide. Lon. 70 33 to 71 10 W. lat. 41 25 to 41 42 N. BYBERRY, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. BYFIELD, a village in Essex co. Mass. 5 m. SW. from Newburyport. It is situated round the head of the tide on the river Parker, and between this and Mill river. It contains a cotton and woollen manufactory, and a num ber of valuable mills. Dummer Academy, which is well endowed, and has a good library, is in this parish, near Newburyport turnpike. Near the meeting-house there is a respectable seminary for the instruction of young ladies in the higher branches of education. BYRA, t. Cape Girardeau co. Miso. BYRAM, t. Sussex co. N. J. It adjoins to Newtown. BYRAM, r. which rises in N. Y. and runs into Long Island Sound. . It forms, for a short distance, the boundary between N. York and Connecticut. BYRNVILLE, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 31 m. W. from Albany. BYRON, v. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 1,939. C. CAAMANA, Cape, on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 228 17 E. lat. 55 29 N. CABARITA, isl. off Jamaica. Lon. 76 40 W. lat. 18 24 N. CABARRAS, a small co. situated in the in- terior of N. Carolina, lying W. of the Yadkin river. Pop. 8,796. Chief town, Concord, 143 m. WSW. of Raleigh. CABARRAS COURT-HOUSE, Cabarras co. N. Carolina. CABBAGE INLET, channel between two small islands, on the coast of N. Carolina, communicating with New river. Lon. 78 7 W. lat. 34 3 N. CABELL, co. Va. bounded by Ohio river NW. Mason and Kenhawa NE. Giles and Tazewell SE. and by Kent, or Big Sandy river SW. Length 50 m. mean width 35; area 1,750 sq. ms. It is a mountainous, hilly, and rocky region, with much fertile soil, well wa tered and wooded. Pop. 5,884. CABELLSBURG, or New-Glasgow, t. Am- herst co. Va.; 28 m. ENE. Madison, 195 fromW. CABIN CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio. CABIN POINT, t. Surrey co. Va. on Upper Chipoak creek; 26 m. ESE. Petersburg, 171 from W. CABOT, t. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 9 m. W. Dan ville, 19 NE. Montpelier, 534 from W. Pop. 1,304. It is on the height of land between the Connecticut and Lake Champlain. CABOT S HEAD, U. C. very large pro montory running into Lake Huron, W. of Gloucester, or Matchedash Bay, and embays a large part of that lake at its easternmost ex tremity, stretching itself towards the Manitou islands. CABO DE CRUZ, point on the S. side of Cuba. Lat. 19 48 N. 214 CAB CAL CABO DE ST. JUAN, the NE. point of Porto Rico. Lat. 18 24 N. CABRON, Cape, St. Domingo. Lat. 19 23 N. CACHE, t. Arkansas Territory, on White river, 52 m. W. of the mouth of St. Francis river. CACHED, t. in Negroland, seated on the r. St. Domingo. It is subject to the Portuguese, who have three forts, and carry on a great trade in flax and slaves. Lon. 14 55 E. lat. 12 N. CACKLEY S t. Bath co. Va. postroad 211 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. CADIZ, t. and cap. Harrison co. Ohio, 16 m. NW. St. Clairsville, 25 W. Steubenville, 302 from W. It is a thriving town, and contains the county buildings. CADIZ, v. and seat of justice of Tngg co. Ken. on Little river, postroad 232 m. SW. Frankfort. CADO, r. Arkansas Territory, one of the branches of Little Red river. CADO, t. Clark co. Arkansas. CADRON, or Quadrant, t. and cap. Pulaski co. Arkansas, laid out on a high and rocky spot on the N. side of the river Arkansas at the mouth of a small creek of the same name, 150 m. by land from the town of Arkansas. Here is a convenient harbor for boats. CESAR S CREEK, t. Green co. Ohio. CAHABA, co. Ala. bounded W. by Tucka- loosa, N. by Shelby, E. by the Coosa river, and S. by Montgomery and Dallas. Length 55, breadth 43 m. ; area 2,265 sq. ms. CAHABON, t. Mexico, 25 m. W. from Vera Paz. CAHAWBA, Kahawla, or Cabo, r. AJa. which, after a southerly course, unites with the Alabama, 160 m. below its forks, the Coosa and Tallapoosa; and 210 above its junction with the Tombigbee. CAHAWBA, t. Ala. Dallas co. at the June- tion of the river Cahawba with the Alabama, 77 m. in a right line NE. St. Stephens. 11 was laid out in 1818. CAHNAWAGA, v. in Johnstown, N. Y near the Mohawk ; 39 m. NW. Albany. CAHOKIA, t St. Clair co. II. about 1 m. E of the Mississippi ; 5 m. below St. Louis, 20 N. Harrisonville, 52 NNW. Kaskaskia, 978 from W. It is a French village. CAHOOS FALLS, in Mohawk river, 3 m above its mouth. The river here is about 1,000 feet wide ; the rock over which it pours, ex tends across the river obliquely from SW. to NE. and is 70 feet high. From the bridge " of a mile below, the falls are in full view. CAICOS, cluster of islands between St. Do mingo and the Bahamas. The largest, callec the Grand Caico, is due N. from St. Domingo Lat. 21 N. CAIMAN S, or more correctly Cayman s a group of small islands in the Caribbean sea to the NW. of Jamaica. Lon. 5 W. from W lat 19 15 N. CAIMITES, 3 islands near the west coast of Hispaniola. CA-IRA, v. Cumberland co. Va. ; 62 m. W. rom Richmond, 185 from W. CAIRO, or Canton, t. Greene co.N. Y.; 11 m. W. Athens, 340 from W. Pop. 2,912. It s a considerable town, and has some iron works. CAIRO, t. Alexander co. II. at the junction of the Ohio with the Mississippi, 80 m. S. Kas- taskias. CAIRO, t Lancaster co, S. C.; 468 m. from W. CAIRO, or Cragfont, t Sumner co. Ten. on the Cumberland ; 30 m. E. Nashville, 722 from W. CALAIS, t. Washington co. Maine. Pop. 1,686. CALAIS, t. Washington co. Vt.; 11 m. NE. Montpelier, 538 from W. Pop. 1,539. It s an excellent agricultural town, and contains a nail manufactory, and valuable mills. CALAIS, or Scoodic Falls, t. Washington co. Me. on the St. Croix ; 68 m. NE. Machias, 418 NE. Boston, 843 from W. Pop. 1,686. CALCASIU, r. La. which rises several m. S. of Natchitoches, and pursuing a S. course, passes through a lake of the same name, and 3 m. below the lake flows into the Gulf of Mexi co, lat 29 36 N. Lake Calcasiu is about 30 m. long, and 10 or 12 (where widest) broad. CALDWELL, an interior co. in the western part of Kentucky, bounded on the SW. by the great Cumberland river. Pop. 8,332. Eddy- ville, on the N. bank of the river, about 30 m. above its entrance into the Ohio, and 200 SW. of Frankfort, is the chief town. CALDWELL, or Fort George, t. and cap. Warren co. N. Y. at S. end of Lake George ; ~ m. N. Albany, 415 from W. Pop. 797. This is becoming a place of resort, on account of the beautiful scenery around Lake George. CALDWELL, t. Essex co. N. J. It ad joins to Newark. CALDWELL S BRIDGE, v. Franklin co. Ten. CALEDONIA, co. E. side of Vt. bounded N. by Essex co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Orange co. and W. by Washington and Or leans cos. Pop. 20,967. Chief towns, Dan ville and Peacham. CALEDONIA, t. Livingston co. N. Y. W. from Genesee river, on the road from Avon to Batavia, 30 m. W. from Canandaigua, and 17 E. from Batavia. Gypsum abounds in the township. Pop. 1820, 2,645. CALEDONIA, t. Livingston co. N. Y. ly ing to the W. of Genesee river, and S. of Erie canal, 245 m. W. of Albany. Big Spring, re markable for the abundance of its waters, is in this township. Pop. 1,618. CALEDONIA, v. Washington co. Miso. CALEDONIA, t. Genesee co. N. Y. on the W. side of the Genesee ; 10 m. E. from Bata via, 246 W. from Albany, 378 from W. Pop. 2,355. CALEMUT, or Salamaine, r. Ind. which runs into the Wabash, 12 m. E. from Eel Town, CALEMICK, Big and Little, 2 small rivers CAL CAM 215 which empty into Lake Michigan, at its southern bend. CALF PASTURE RIVER, r. Va. which runs into James river, below Lexington. CALHOUN, t. Ten. on the north side of the Hiwassee, directly opposite the Cherokee Agency. CALHC CALHOUN, v M Minn co. Ten. on Hi wassee river, postroad 130 m. SE. from Mur. freesborough, and about 75 m. SW. from Knox- ville. CALHOUNSVILLE, v. Mifflin co. Pa. 52 m. NW. from Harrisburg. CALIAQUA, port of the W. Indies, hi the W. part of St. Vincents. CALIFORNIA, Old, a province of Mexico. It is a peninsula, extending from the bay of All-Saints, in lat 32, to Cape St. Lucas inlat. 22 48 N. and bounded N. by New California, E. by the Gulf of California, and VV. by the Pacific. A ridge of mountains runs through the centre of the peninsula. The soil is gene rally barren. The Jesuits made the first es tablishment here in 1742. Since their expul sion, the Dominican monks of the city of Mexico have had charge of the missions. The country contains 55,000 sq. ms. but in 1803 only 9,000 inhabitants. The population has much diminished within the last 40 years, owing to the ravages of the small-pox. CALIFORNIA, New, a province of Mexico which extends from the isthmus of Old Cali fornia, or the bay of Todos Santos, to Cape Mendocino, in N. lat. 40 19 . It is a narrow tract of country, 600 m. long, and contains 16,000 sq. ms. The soil is as well watered and fertile, as that of Old California is arid and stony. The climate is more mild than in the same latitude on the eastern coast. Good wine is now made in most of the villages es tablished by the Spaniards along the coast S, and N. of Monterey, to beyond 37 N. lat. The European olive is also successfully cultivated in several of the settlements. The country abounds in fish and game of every description hares, rabbits, and stags are very common seals and otters are also found in prodigious numbers. There are 18 missionary settle ments, formed by the Spaniards on the coast, which, within a few years, have made great progress in population. CALL ABASH BAY, on the S. coast of Ja maica. Lon. 77 25 E. lat. 17 53 N. CALLAGHAN S, v. Bath co. Va. CALLAHPOEWAH, Indians, in W. part of N. America, on the Multnomah. No. 2,000. CALLAND S STORE, Pittsylvania co. Pa. CALLAND S STORE, t. Pittsylvania co. Va. 188 m. SW. from Richmond. CALLAWAY, a co. of Kentucky. Pop, 5,159. Wadesborough is the chief town. CALN, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 974. CALN, West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,003. CALUMAZEE, r. Michigan, runs into Lake Michigan, N. of Black river. CALUMEL,t. Pike co. Miso. CALUMET, Grand, on the Ottawa river, on the south side, above the Portage de Mon tague, U. C. CALUMET, Point au, on Lake Superior, U. C. on the N. shore, the first point W. of r. Du Chene,? between which places the coast, consistingof perpendicular rocks, is dangerous. CAL VERT, co. Md. ; bounded N. by Anne Arundel co. E. by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by St. Mary s co. and W. by Prince George co. Pop. 8,899. Chief town, Prince Frederick. CAMBAHEE, r. S. C. which is formed by two branches, called North and South Salt- ketcher, and runs into St. Helena Sound. CAMBRAY, or Governeur, t. N. Y. in St. Lawrence co. on the Oswegatchie river. CAMBRIA, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on E. side of the Niagara. Pop. 1,712. It is 28 m. long, and 16 broad, and contains the post-villages of Manchester, Lewiston, and Fort Niagara, which see. CAMBRIA, co. Pa. ; bounded N. by Clear- field co. E. by Huntingdon and Bedford cos. S. by Somerset co. and W. by Westmoreland and Indiana cos. Pop. 7,079. Chief town, Ebensburg. CAMBRIA, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 868. CAMBRIDGE, t. Franklin co. Vt.; 35 m. NNW. from Montpelier, 514 from W. Pop. 990. CAMBRIDGE, t. Coos co. N. H.; watered by the Androscoggin ; 25 m. NE. Lancaster. CAMBRIDGE, v. and seat of justice, Dor chester co. Md. on the Choptank river. Lat. 38 40 N. Ion. 1 3 E. of W. CAMBRIDGE, v. Abbeville district, S. C. 150 m. NW. from Charleston. It contains 60 or 70 houses, and from 250 to 350 inhabitants. CAMBRIDGE, t. and cap. Guernsey co Ohio, on Wills creek, 25 m. E. from Zanes ville, 85 from Columbus. Lat. 40 4 N. It is a flourishing place, and contains the county buildings and about 50 dwelling-houses. CAMBRIDGE, t. Middlesex co. Mass, on Charles river, 3 m. WNW. from Boston. Lon. 71 4 30" W. lat. 12 23 N. Pop. 6,071. It contains the colleges, a court-house, county jail, state arsenal, and 4 houses for public worship, viz. 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Uni- versalists. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Concord. The court house and jail are at the SE. extremity of the town, on Lechmore s Point, which approaches within a mile of Boston, and is connected with it by a bridge over Charles river. There is another bridge connecting this point with Charlestown. The village of Cambridgeport, which lies west of Lechmore s Point, is con nected with Boston by a bridge called West Boston Bridge. In this town is Harvard Col lege, or the University of Cambridge, the oldest and most wealthy literary institution in the U. States. It was founded in 1638, in less than 20 years after the first settlement of N. England. Its officers are a president, 20 professors, 5 tutors, an instructor in French and Spanish, a proctor, and a regent. The library is the second in America, containing- 216 CAM CAM upwards of 35,000 volumes. The philosophi cal and chemical apparatus are complete. There are belonging to the University, a valu able cabinet of minerals, an excellent anatomi cal museum, and a botanic garden, containing 8 acres, and furnished with an extensive col lection of trees, shrubs, and plants, both na tive and foreign. The college buildings con sist of the University Hall, which is an ele gant stone edifice, containing the chapel, din ing halls, and lecture rooms; Harvard Hall, containing the library, philosophical appara tus, museum, &c. ; 4 spacious brick edifices, containing rooms for students ; and several other buildings, for the accommodation of the president, professors, and students. A law school, medical school, and theological semi nary, form part of the University. The num ber of students ranges from 3 to 400. A greater number of students has been educated here than at any other college in the country. The studies of which a knowledge is neces sary in order to admission into the freshman class, are Virgil, Sallust, Cicero s Select Ora tions, Grseca Minora, Greek Testament, An- cient and Modern Geography, Arithmetic through alligation, medial and alternate, and Algebra to the end of simple equations. Course of Study. 1st year. Grseca Majora, Livy 5 books, Horace, Grotius de Ver. Rel. Chris. Excerpta Latina, Algebra, Geometry, Ancient History and Chronology, Walker s Rhetorical Grammar, English Grammar, and Adams Roman Antiquities. 2d year. Grseca Majora continued, Excerpta Latina finished, Cicero de Oratore, Trigonometry, Navigation, Blair s Lectures on Rhetoric, Modern History and Chronology, Hedge s Logic, and Locke on the Human Understanding. 3d year. Grseca Majora finished, Locke finished, Homer s Il iad 4 or 5 books, Juvenal and Persius, or equivalent part of Tacitus, Paley s Evidences, Willard s Hebrew Grammar, part of the He brew Bible, Griesbach s Greek Testament criti cally, Enfield s Natural Philosophy and As tronomy, Stewart s Philosophy of the Human Mind, Paley s Moral Philosophy, and Mensu ration of Superficies and Solids. 4th year. Enfield and Stewart continued, Conic Sections, Spheric Geometry, Chemistry, Burlamaqui on Natural and Political Law, Paley s Moral and Political Philosophy, Political Economy, and Butler s Analogy. The annual amount of the college charges, to those who are not beneficiaries, is as follows : Steward, $10; Board in common, 38 weeks of term-time at about $3 per week, $114; room rent, $12 ; instruction, two first years, $46 each year, 3d year $64, 4th year $74, ave rage $57 50 ; librarian, repairs, lecture-rooms, catalogues, and contingencies, $8 ; wood, $16 ; books used in classes, $15; total, $232 50. Commencement is held on the last Wednes day in August. There are 3 vacations : the first from the commencement, 4 weeks and 2 days; the second, from the 4th Friday in De cember, 7 weeks; the third, from the third Friday in May, 2 weeks. The whole number educated at this college, from its foundation to 1830, was 5,538 ; of whom 1,377 had devoted themselves to the Christian ministry. CAMBRIDGE, West, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 6 m. N. from Boston. Pop. 1,230. CAMBRIDGE, t. Washington co. N. Y. 12 m. S. from Salem, 35 NE, Albany. Pop. 2,319. In 1816, 2 towns, White creek and Jackson, were set off from Cambridge. Here is an academy. CAMBRIDGE, v. Franklin co. Vt. on or near Lamoelle river, 38 m. NW. from Mont- pelier. Pop. 1,613. CAMDEN, t. of Gloucester co. N. J. oppo site Philadelphia. It is a flourishing village, extending along the river. The houses are neat, and many elegant. Pop. about 650. CAMDEN, t. of Kent co. Delaware, 3 m. SW. from Dover CAMDEN, co. of N. C. bounded by Albe- marle Sound SE. Pasquotank county and river SW. Virginia N. and Currituck and North river NE. Length 38 m. mean width 6 ; area 228 sq. ms. Chief town, New Lebanon. Pop, 1820, 6,721. ; CAMDEN, East, t. in the Midland district, lies northerly of Ernesttown, U. C. CAMDEN, t. in the co. of Kent, called also Camden West, on the N. side of the river Thames, opposite to Howard, N. C. CAMDEN, t. Waldo co. Me. on Penobscot Bay, about 12 m. E. from Thomaston, and 37 E. from Wiscasset. Pop. 2,200. It is a small but growing village, and carries on the busi ness of burning lime. CAMDEN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 20 m. NW. Rome. It is settled chiefly by emigrants from Conn. Pop. 1,945. CAMDEN, t. and cap. Kershaw co. S. C. on the E. side of the Wateree, at the junction of Pine-tree creek, 35 m.NE, Columbia, 120 N. by W. Charleston, 109 NE. Augusta. Lat. 34 17 N. Ion. 80 54 W. It is regularly laid out, and contains 200 houses, a court-house and jail, an academy now belonging to the Orphan Society, a masonic hall, a brick market-house and library, an arsenal, 3 flouring mills and other mills, 4 religious societies, viz. an Epis copalian, a Presbyterian, a Baptist and a Meth odist. The river is navigable for boats of 70 tons, and there is a lively trade with the back country. It is memorable for two battles fought here during the revolutionary war ; one the 16th Aug. 1780, between Gen. Gates and Lord Cornwallis ; the other, the 23d April, be tween Gen. Greene and Lord Rawdon. CAMDEN, co. of Geo. forming the SE. an- gle of that state, on the Atlantic ocean ; bound ed by that ocean E. by Florida S. and SW. on the W. limits uncertain; and by Glynn N. Length 28 m., mean width 25 ; area 700 sq. ms. Surface flat, soil sandy, and in some parts marshy. Staples, sugar, cotton, rice, tobacco, &c. Chief town, Jefferson. Pop. 4,578. CAMDEN, port, NW. coast of America, in Prince Frederick Sound. Lon. 56 45 from W. lat. 56 55 N. CAMEL S RUMP, a summit of the Green Mountains in Chittenden co. Vt. The summit is on the E. line of Huntington , 20 m. E. by CAM CAN 217 S. from Burlington, 20 W. by N. from Mont- pelier. It is one of the highest summits of the Green Mountains, and its height is estimated at 3,400 feet. CAMERON, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 924. CAMILLUS, t. Onondaga co. N. York, on S. side of Seneca river ; 10 m. NW. from Onon daga, 160 W. from Albany, and 400 from W Pop. 2,518. An extensive mine of gypsum is found in this town. CAMPAIGN CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, 8 m. above Gallipolis. CAMPBELL, co. Va. ; bounded N. by James river and Buckingham co. E. by Charlotte co. S. by the Appomatox, and W. by Bedford co. ; 218 m. from W. Pop. 15,704. Chief towns, Lynchburg and New London. CAMPBELL, a co. of Georgia. Pop. 3,323. Campbellton is the capital. CAMPBELL, C. H. and t. Campbell co. Va. 10 m. S. from Lynchburg. CAMPBELL, co. Ken. on both sides of Licking river, opposite to the city of Cincin nati ; bounded by the Ohio river N. and NE. by Pendleton S. and by Roane W. Length 32 m., mean width 10 ; area 320 sq. ms. Sur face hilly, soil productive. Staples, grain, flour, whiskey, live stock, salted provisions, and fruit. Chief town, Newport. Pop. 9,893. Lat. 39 N. Ion. 7 10 W. CAMPBELL, co. Ten. in a triangular form, bounded by Kentucky N. by Clinch river SE. and by Anderson SW. Length 35 m. mean width 12; area 420. Surface hilly, and in part mountainous : soil fertile in the valleys and along the streams. Staples, grain, flour, fruit, and salted provisions. Chief town, Jack son s -borough. Pop. 5,110. CAMPBELL S FORT, in Tennessee, near the conflux of the Holston with the Tennessee. CAMBELL S GROVE, v. Iredell co. N. C. CAMPBELL S MILLS, t. Abbeville dis trict, S. C. CAMPBELL S POINT, cape of the NW. coast of N. America, at Cook s Inlet, SE. side. Lon. 72 15 W. from W. lat. 60 6 N. CAMPBELL S STATION, t. Knox co. Ten. CAMBPELLSTOWN,v. Steuben co.N. Y. postroad 254 m. SW. by W. from Albany. CAMPBELLSTOWN, v. Lebanon co. Pa. on the road from Lebanon to Harrisburg, 18 m. from the latter. CAMPBELLSVILLE, v. Henry co. Ken, 54 m. NW. from Frankfort. CAMPBELLSVILLE, v. Green co. Ken. ; 654 m. from W. CAMPBELLTOWN, v. in Painted Post, N. Y. on the Susquehannah ; 288 m. from W. CAMPBELLTOWN, v. Edgefield district, S-C.; 588m. from W. CAMPEACHY, t. Mexico, in Merida or Yucatan, on the river St. Francis, in the Bay of Campeachy. The port is large, but shallow. It was formerly a stated market for logwood, of which great quantities grew in the neigh borhood Lon. 90 34 W. lat. 19 30 N. Pop. 6,000. CAMPO BELLO, province of New Bruna. wick, a fertile island at the mouth of Passama- quoddy Bay, separated on the SW. by a nar row passage from Lubec. It is about 9 m. long and from 1 to 3 broad, contains many ex cellent harbors, and has many advantages for commerce and the fisheries. The lands are now in the hands of a single proprietor, but if offered for sale, few places would settle more rapidly. CAMPTON, t. Graflon co. N. H. on the Merrimack; 6 m. N. from Plymouth, 76 NNW. from Portsmouth, 548 from W. Pop, 1,313. CAMPVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S. Carolina. CAMUNIPAW, v. Bergen co. N. J.; SW. of Jersey City. CANAAN, Essex Co. Vt. in NE. corner of the state, on the Connecticut ; 85 m. NE. from Montpelier, 606 from W. Pop. 373. CANAAN, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the E. side of the Kennebec, opposite Bloomfield ; 5 m. E. from Norridgewock, 205 NNE. Boston, 646 from W. Pop. 1,076. It is connected with Bloomfield by Skouhegan bridge, which is erected over falls of that name. CANAAN, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 345. CANAAN, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 158. CANAAN, t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 12 m. E. from Dartmouth College, 103 NW. Portsmouth, 513 from W. Pop. 1,428. CANAAN, t. Litchfield co. Con.; 18 m. NNW. from Litchfield, 350 from W. Pop. 2,301. It is on the E. side of the Housatonic, which separates it from Salisbury. The river has a fall here of 60 feet perpendicular, which affords seats for various mills and manufacto ries. CANAAN, South v. Ct. in S. part of Ca naan ; 345 from W. CANAAN, New, t. Fairfield co. Ct. ; 6 m. NW. Norwalk. Pop. 1,826. CANAAN, t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 23 m. NE. from Hudson, 25 SE. from Albany, 356 from W. Pop. 2,064. There are two meet ing-houses for Presbyterians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Shakers in this town CANAAN, t. Wayne co. Pa. CANACADEA LAKE, in Honeoy, N. Y. between Honeoy and Hemlock Lakes ; 4 m. long, and f m. broad. CANADA, a British province. See p. 161. CANADA CREEK, West, r. N. Y. which runs south into the Mohawk, in Herkimer. Length 60 m. CANADA CREEK, East, r. N. Y. which runs S. into Mohawk, W. into Stone Arabia. Length 30 m. CANADA CREEK, r. small N. branch of Wood creek, N. Y. CANADAWAY, creek, N. York, in Cha- tauque co. enters Lake Erie about 2 W. from Dunkirk. CANADAWAY, v. in Pomfret, N. Y. on a small river of the same name which runs 12 m. NW. into Laks Erie. CANADEA, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 696. 218 CANCAN CANADIAN RIVER, the great south western branch of Arkansaw river, rises by two large branches in the mountains of New Mexico, and flowing by comparative courses about 600 m. each, unite at N. lat. 35, and 18 W. from W. Below the confluence of the two principal branches, the Canadian Fork continues E. 40 m. where it unites with the Arkansaw, receiving in the intermediate dis tance another large branch from the SW. For the true position, course, and relative extent of the Canadian Fork, the public stands indebted to Major Long. CANAJOHARIE, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on S. side of the Mohawk ; 49 m. W. from Albany, 418 from W. Pop. 4,348. There are 3 churches for the Dutch Reformed, and 1 for the Baptists in this town. CANAJOHARIE CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs NE. into the Mohawk, at Canajoharie. CANAL, t. Genesee co. N. Y. CANANDAIGUA, or Canandarqua, t. and cap. Ontario co. N. Y. ; N. of Canandaigua Lake ; 88 m. E. from Buffalo, 110 W. from Utica, 208 W. from Albany, 365 from W. Lon. 77 20 W. lat. 42 49 N. Pop. 5,162. The village is situated at the outlet of Canandaigua Lake, and contains a court-house, a jail, 2 banks, one of which is a branch of the Utica bank, a state arsenal, a respectable academy, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. It is a pleasant, handsome, and flourishing town, and has an extensive and increasing trade. The surrounding country is fertile. Two newspa pers are published here. CANANDAIGUA, lake, N. Y. in Ontario co. 15 m. in length, and 1 in mean width. It receives a number of creeks, and discharges its waters at the village of Canandaigua, into an outlet which flows NE. 20 m. joining Muc creek at Lyons. The level of Canandaigua Lake is about 670 feet above that of the At lantic ocean, 105 above that of Lake Erie, anc 299 above the great western canal at Monte zuma. CANANDAIGUA, t. Ontario co. N. Y. in eluding the village of the same name. Pop in 1820, 4,680. CANANDAIGUA, r. N. Y. which rune from Canandaigua lake, NE, into the r. Sen eca, in Junius. Length 45 m. CANARD, small r. of U. C. falls into De troit r. between Amherstsburg and Sandwich CANARD, Isle au, in the St. Lawrence, a the confluence of the river des Prairies. CANARDS, or Duck river, U. C. falls intc the Detroit 1 m. below Grand Turkey island CANASARAGA, t. Madison co. N. Y. m. from W. CANASERAGA CREEK, r. N. Y. which unites with the Chitteningo, 4 m. from Oneide lake. CANAVARNAL, bay of the U. S. on th Pacific coast. Lon. 47 W.; lat. 45 N. CANDIA, t. Rockingham co. N. II. 19 m SE. from Concord, 36 W. from Portsmouth and 513 from W. Pop. 1,362. CANDOR, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. E. rom Spencer, and 328 from W. Pop. 2,653. CANDRONS, t. Arkansas co. Miso. terri- ory ; 1,330 m. from W. CANDY S CREEK, t. Cherokee nation, in he NW. part of Georgia. CANEADEA, t. Alleghany co. 10 m. SW. from Angelica, and 285 W. from Albany. Pop. 782. CANESUS LAKE, in SW. part of Ontario co. N. Y. 8 m. long and 2 broad. It lies chiefly )etween Genesee and Livonia, -and discharges ts waters into the river Genesee. CANFIELD, t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; 10 m. W. from Poland; 14 S. by E. from Warren, 50 N. from Steubenville, and 291 from W. CANIONIS, t. La. on the Arkansaw. CANISTEO, t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the Canisteo; 20 m. SW. from Bath, 265 WNW. from Albany, and 318 from W. Pop. 620. CANISTEO, r. Steuben co. N. Y. which runs into the Tioga, near the village of Paint- d Post. It is navigable for boats to Arkport, 40m. CANISTOTA, v. in Lenox, Madison co. N. Y. on the Great Western Canal, 27 m. W. from Utica. CANISTER, t. Steuben co. N. Y. CANNAUGHQUENESING, t. Butler co. Pa. It is watered by a rivulet of the same name. CANNAVERAL, cape of Florida, N. lat. 28 22 . It was off this cape, April 29th, 1814, that the British brig Epervier, of 22 guns, and 128 men, was captured by the U. S. sloop Peacock, captain Warrington, after an action of 42 minutes. CANNONBALL, r. Louisiana, which flows into the Missouri, 1,500 miles from the Mis sissippi. CANNONSBURG, t. Washington co. Pa. on a branch of Chartier r. 7 m. ENE. from Washington, 18 SW. from Pittsburg, and 244 from W. It has an elevated and pleasant situation. Jefferson College was founded here in 1802. The college edifice is a spacious building of 3 stories. The funds are small, not exceeding 8,000 dollars. The library con tains 2,500 volumes. The philosophical appa ratus is not extensive. The board of trustees consists of 21 members, of- whom 8 may be clergymen. The executive government is in trusted to a president, a vice-president, and 2 professors, one of the languages, and one of the natural sciences. The present number of students is 120 the number of instructors, 7. The college classes are three, viz. the Sopho more, Mathematical, and the Philosophical classes. The studies of which a knowledge is required in order to be admitted into the sophomore class, are Caesar s Commentaries, Ovid, Virgil, and the Greek Testament. The studies of the sophomore class are Horace, Cicero s Orations, Grasca Minora and Majora, Greek and Roman Antiquities, Geography, &c. The studies of the mathematical class are the Elements of Geometry, Algebra, Practical Geometry, Chemistry, Natural Phi- CAN-CAP 219 losophy, Rhetoric and History. The studies of the philosophical class consist of Logic, Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Rhetoric, Metaphysics, together with a review of the studies of the preceding classes. For tuition each student pays 20 dollars a year; and for board from $1.50 to 2.00 a week. The com mencement is held on the fourth Wednesday in September. There are 2 vacations of 3 or 4 weeks each, one in the spring, and the other in the autumn. The western country has been supplied with more than 100 clergymen, who have received their education, in whole or in part, at this college. There is a theologi cal school connected with the college, under the direction of the vice-president. CANNONSBURG, township, Washington co. Pa. CANNONSVILLE, v. Delaware co. N. Y. 141 in. SW. from Albany. CANNOUCHE, r. Geo. rises about 30 m. S. from Louisville, and joins the Ogeechee, about 20 m. above its mouth. CANOE, r. Mass, which unites with the r. Taunton, at Taunton. CANOE CAMP, t. Tioga co. Pa. 240 m. from W. CANOE RIVER, r. N. A. which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 92 3 W. ; lat. 42 55 N. CANOGA CREEK, r. N. Y. which joins the Seneca, in Fayette. CANONICUT, isl. belonging to Newport co. R. I. It contains the town of Jamestown is 7 miles long, and 1 broad ; 3 m. W. from Rhode Island. On S. end, called Beaver s Tail, there is a light-house. It is a beautiful island, and has a fertile soil, producing good crops of grass and grain. CANSO, seaport of Nova Scotia, on a strait which separates Nova Scotia from Cape Bre ton. Near this town is a fine fishery for cod, Ion. 55 W.; lat. 45 20 N. CANTERBURY, t. Merrimack co. N. II. on E. side of the Merrimack, opposite Bosca- wen ; 9 m. N. from Concord, and 513 from W. Pop. 1,663. Here is a village of Shakers, containing 2 or 300 souls. CANTERBURY, t. Windham co. Ct. on W. side of the Quinebaugh ; 10 m. E. from Windham; 14 N. from Norwich, and 371 from W. Pop. 1,881. It is a pleasant town, and contains 3 Congregational meeting-houses, and 1 for Baptists, and an academy. CANTERBURY, t. Kent co. Del. 126 m. from W. CANTERBURY, v. Orange co. N. Y. on the right bank of the Hudson r. CANTON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 14 m. SW. from Boston, and 448 from W. Pop. 1,517. CANTON, or West Simsbury, t. Hartford co. Ct. 15 m. WNW. from Hartford, and 351 from W. CANTON, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 15 m. E. from Ogdensburg, 200 NW. from Albany, and 570 from W. Pop. 2,440. CANTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa, CANTON, t. Washington co. Pa. CANTON, t. and cap. Stark co. Ohio, situ ated in the forks of the Nimishillen creek ; 45 m. NW. irom SteubenvmV, 95 WNW. from Pittsburg, 130 NE. from Columbus, and 472 from W. It is a flourishing town, and con- tains a bank, a printing-office, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Presbyterians, and 70 dwelling-houses. The first house was erected in 1805. CANTON, land district of Ohio, includes part of Stark, and all of Wayne and Richland cos. and is composed of 21 ranges of town ships, comprehended between the Grenville treaty line on the S. and the Connecticut Western reserve on the N. excepting the seven easternmost ranges which belong to the Steu- benville district. The land-office for this dis trict is at Worcester, in Wayne co. CANTON, t. Bradford co. Pa. CANTON, t, Wilcox co. Ala. on the left bank of the Ala. r. about 40 m. by water be low Cahaba. CANTON, v. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Ohio, opposite Wheeling, Va. CANTON, (New,) t. Hawkins co. Ten. 749 m. from W. CANTON, (New,} t. Buckingham co. Va. on S. side of James r. about 60 m. SW. from Richmond, and 166 from W. CANTON, t. Oxford co. Me. 67 m. NNW. from Portland. CANTON, township, Hartford co. Ct. Pop. 1,437. CANTWELL S BRIDGE, or Apoquini- mink, v. New Castle co. Del. on Apoquinimirik creek; 21 m. SSW. from Wilmington, 49 SW. from Philadelphia. It contains about 30 or 40 houses. CANY CREEK, r. Ala. which flows into the Ten. 20 m. below the Muscle Shoals. CANY FORK, r. Ten. which runs into the Cumberknd, 50 m. E. from Nashville. CAPATINA, creek, and t. Belmont co, Ohio, 12 m. below Wheeling. CAPE, t. Cumberland co. Me. Pop. in 1820, 52. CAPE ANN, on the coast of Mass. Lon. 70 37 W. ; lat. 42 3 35 N. CAPE BRETON, an island forming part of the British dominions in America, lying between the N. end of Nova Scotia, and the SW. point of Newfoundland. It extends, in a N. by E. direction, from the lat. of 45 30 to 47 6 N. and from the Ion. of 59 45 to 61 35 W. forming a barrier between the Atlantic ocean and the gulf, which it completely land- locks, and forms into a vast inland sea; the passage between the NE. end and Newfound land being about 65 m. wide, intercepted, however, by the island of St. Paul, and just within the gulf by the Magdalen group of isles. Cape Breton is indented from N. to S. by spacious bays, dividing it into two islands, joined together by a very narrow isthmus. The coast on all sides is also much indented by bays, making the figure of the land very irregular. Its area, however, amounts to about 40,000 sq. ms. The French first formed a set tlement upon this island, in 1712, which sur rendered to a British force from New England, in 1745, and was confirmed, with all the other 220 CAP^-CAP French possessions in North America, to Eng land, by the treaty of 1763. Its most distin guishing property is its rich strata of coal of superior quality ; with some dreary surface it also presents some very fertile spots, well wooded, and containing a variety of wild ani mals, the skins of which form a branch of its traffic. Louisbourg, the chief town, is situated or. the Atlantic coast, in the lat. of 45 54 N. ; Ion. 59 55 W. The chief occu pation of the people, not only of Louisbourg, but of the whole island, in addition to agricul ture, is the cod fishery, which they pursue to some extent for the West India and other markets. Total population of the island, about 4,000. It was constituted a separate govern ment in 1784, under a lieutenant-governor, ap pointed by the king ; but by a stretch of au thority on the part of the legislative assembly and council of Nova Scotia, it has reverted as a province to that government, to which it was originally attached. CAPE CHARLES, cape of Virginia, at E. side of the mouth of the Chesapeake ; 12 m. N. from Cape Henry. Lon. 75 58 W.; lat. 37 12 N. CAPE COD, peninsula, on the S. side of Massachusetts bay. Its shape is that of a man s arm bent inwards, both at the wrist and the elbow. It is about 65 m. long, and from 1 to 20 wide. A great part of this peninsula is sandy and barren, and in many places wholly destitute of vegetation; yet it is populous. The inhabitants obtain their support almost entirely from the ocean ; the men being con stantly employed at sea; and the boys, at a very early age, are put on board the fishing- boats. In consequence of the violent east winds, it is supposed that the cape is gradually wearing away. Lon. of the cape, 70^ 14 W. : lat. 42 4 N. CAPE COD BAY, between Cape Cod pen insula, and Barnstable and Plymouth cos. Mass. CAPE DISAPPOINTMENT, on W. coast of N. America, and N. entrance into Columbia river. Lon. 124 59 W. ; lat. 46 19 N. CAPE ELIZABETH, t. Cumberland co Me. 4 m. SW. from Portland, and 116 NNE. from Boston. CAPE ELIZABETH, N. A. on the coast of Me. Lon. 70 11 W. ; lat. 43 33 N, CAPE FEAR, on the coast of N. C. Lon 78 9 W. ; lat. 33 48 N. CAPE FEAR, or Clarendon, r. N. C. the largest in the state. It is formed by the con fluence of the NE. and NW. branches, which unite above Wilmington, 35 m. from the ocean. The NW. branch rises in the N. part of the state, and is navigable for large boats to Fayetteville. The NE. branch rises in Sampson co. and is navigable for boats 70 m. CAPE GIRARDEAU, co. Missouri, on the Mississippi, bounded N. by St. Genevieve anc Washington cos. and W. by the county of St Louis. Pop. 7,430. Jackson is the seat of justice. The lands on the Mississippi and the St. Francis are fertile. The Great Swamp eommences 5 m. S. of the town of Cape Gi rardeau, and extends 60 m. being from 3 tq 5 )road, to the low-lands of the St. Francis. CAPE GIRARDEAU, t. Cape Girardeau co. Missouri territory, on the Mississippi ; 20 T). above the mouth of the Ohio, 72 below St. Genevieve, and 927 from W. Lat. 37 15 N. Pop. 100. CAPE HARBOR, N. A. on the coast of Me. at N. extremity of Wells bay. Lon. 70 24 W.; lat. 43 18 N. CAPE HATTER AS, on the coast of North Carolina. Lon. 75 30 W. ; lat. 35 14 N. This is one of the most remarkable and dan- "erous capes on the coast of N. America. CAPE HENLOPEN, or James, cape, on the coast of Delaware, at the mouth of Dela ware bay, 18 m. SW. from Cape May. Lon. 75 6 W. ; lat. 36 47 N. Here is a light house. CAPE HENRY, on E. coast of Virginia, at the mouth of the Chesapeake, 12 m. S. from Cape Charles. Lon. 76 21 W. ; lat. 36 58 N. CAPE HENRY, formerly Cape Francois, t, on the N. coast of the island Hispaniola, on a promontory at the edge of a large plain 60 m. long and 12 broad. Its harbor is one of the most secure and convenient in the whole island. It was the last town retained by the French in Hispaniola, and was surrendered to the blacks in 1803. It then contained 900 houses and 20,000 inhabitants. 30 leagues E. from Cape St. Nicholas. Lon. 72 16 W. ; lat. 19 46 N. CAPE HOPE, the NW. point of Martha s Vineyard, Mass, on which is a light-house. CAPE LODO, or Mad Cape, on S. coast of Louisiana, at the mouth of the Mississippi. Lon. 71 42 W. ; lat. 29 10 N. CAPE LOOKOUT, on the coast of N. Car olina. Lon. 76 37 W. ; lat. 34 22 N. So late as the year 1771, this cape afforded an ex cellent harbor, capacious enough for a large fleet in good deep water ; but the basin is now filled up. CAPE MAY, co. N. J. bounded N. by Glou cester co. SE. by the Atlantic, SW. by Dela ware bay. Pop. 4,945. CAPE MAY, on the coast of N. J. at the mouth of the Delaware, 18 m. NE. from Cape Henlopen. Lon. 74 52 W. ; lat. 38 57 N. CAPE MAY COURT-HOUSE, v. and seat of justice in Cape May co. N. J. a few m. N. from Cape May, 34 SE. from Bridgetown, and 74 from Philadelphia, in the lat of 39 N. and 75 W. CAPE NEDDICK, cape and t. York co. Me. 53 m. SW. from Portland. CAPE PEM AQUID, on the coast of Maine. Lon. 69 27 W. ; lat. 43 48 N. CAPE PORPOISE, on the coast of Maine. Lon. 70 23 W. ; lat. 49 21 N. CAPE ROSIERS, Me. in Penobscot bay. CAPE ST. MICHAEL, Seigniory of L.C. in Surrey co. nearly opposite Quebec. CAPE SMALL POINT, on the coast of Maine, forming the E. limits of Casco bay. CAPE VINCENT, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 498 m. from W. CAPHON SPRINGS, medicinal springs, in Va. 22 m. WSW. from Winchester. The wa- CAP CAR 221 era are impregnated with magnesia, sulphur, soda, carbonic acid, and are much visited. CAPOLICA, small r. of Mexico, in the in- tendency of Oaxaca, flows into the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Lon. from W. 19 W. ; lat. 16 N. CAPTAIN JOHN S MILLS, v. Montgom ery co. Md. CAPTINA CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Ohio r. 23 m. below Wheeling. CAPTINA CREEK, v. Belmont co. Ohio. CARAVELLE, cape of the island of Mar- tmique, on the NE. coast. Lon. from. W. 16 4 E. ; lat. 14 55 N. CARIACO, isl. in the West Indies, depend- ent on Grenada. CARIBBEAN SEA, that part of the Atlan tic Ocean lying between Cuba, St. Domingo, and Porto Rico on the N. and the republic of Columbia S. See America. CARIBBEE ISLANDS, the most eastern islands of the W. Indies, divided into Wind ward and Leeward islands. CARIBEUF, island in lake Superior, about 200 m. NW. from the falls of St. Mary. CARIBOU, r. Canada, runs into theSaguena. Lat. 49 29 N. CARINACOU, one of the Grenadilla islands in the W. Indies, with an excellent harbor, 16 m. NE. from Grenada. CARLIN SETTLEMENT, see FranUin. CARLISLE, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 20 m. NW. from Boston. Pop. 566. CARLISLE, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 8 m. W. from Schoharie, 40 W. from Albany, 384 from W. Pop. 1,748. CARLISLE, bor. and cap. Cumberland co. Pa. 15 m. W. from Harrisburg, 120 W. from Philadelphia, 101 from W, Lon. 77 10 W. ; lat. 40 12 N. It is pleasantly situated, reg ularly laid out, built chiefly of stone and brick, and has considerable trade. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, 2 banks, and 7 houses of public worship. Dickinson College was founded in this town in 1783, but at present it is not in a flourishing condition. CARLISLE, v. Nicholas co. Ken. CARLISLE, v. Bourbon co. Ken. CARLISLE BAY, on the S. coast of Ja maica, W. coast of Barbadoes, and island of Antigua. CARLO DE MONTEREY, San, the prin cipal settlement of New California, on the W. coast of N. America, in the lat. of 36 36 N. and 121 34 of W. Ion. It is beautifully sit uated within a small bay of the same name, first discovered by Cabrillo in 1542. It was afterwards visited by the count de Monterey, from whom it received its present name. The forests and mountains preclude much inter course with the interior; nor does it appear that there is any considerable river, either N or S. for some distance ; otherwise it would be an inviting spot for colonization. CARLOW, v. Hopkins co. Ken. about 200 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. CARLYLE, v. Washington co. II. on the left bank of Kaskaskia river, 27 m. SE. from Vandalia. CARMEL, t. Hancock co. Maine, 35 m. NW. from Castine, 240 NE, from Boston, 670 from W. CARMEL, t Putnam co. N. Y. 26 m. SE, from Poughkeepsie, 314 from W. Pop. 2,379. CARMEL, t. Penobscot co. Me. 15 m. W. from Bangor. Pop. 237. CARMEL, t. Geo. in the Cherokee Nation. CARMI, t. and cap. White co. Illinois, on the Little Wabash, 20 m. above its mouth, 40 N. from Shawneetown, 831 from W. It is a flourishing town, situated in a very fertile country. The Little Wabash is navigable for some distance above the town. CARMICHAELS, t. Greene co. Pa. CARNARVON, t. SE. part of Berks co. Pa. CARNARVON, t. in the NE. part of Lan caster co. Pa. CARNESVILLE, or Franklin, t. and cap. Franklin co. Geo. on the Salwegee; 125 m. NW. from Augusta, 604 from W. CAROLINA, North, see page 100. CAROLINA, South, see page 104. CAROLINE, t. in the NE. angle of Tioga co. N. Y. CAROLINE, co. E. side of Md. bounded NW. by Queen Anne co. E. by Delaware, S. by Dorchester co. and W. by Talbot co. Pop. 9,070. Chief town, Denton. CAROLINE, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. 199m. W. from Albany. Pop. 2,633. CAROLINE, co. Va. bounded N. by the Rappahannoc r. ESE. by Essex, King and Queen, and King William cos. SW. by Han over co. and NW by Spottsylvania co. Pop. 17,774. Chief towns, Port Royal and Bow ling Green. CARONDELET, or Vide Poche, French village, Missouri, on the bank of the Missis sippi, 5 m. below St. Louis. It is a French settlement of about 50 houses. CARONDELET, Canal of, at New Orleans, extends from the bayou St. John, 2 m. to a basin in the rear of the city. Vessels drawing 5 feet water enter the basin. By this channel, water communication is open from N. Orleans into lake Ponchartrain. CARPENTER S POINT, v. Orange co. N. Y. 269 m. from W. CARRION CROW, creek, of La. forming part of the limit between Opelousas and At- tacapas. CARROLL, a co. at the W. extremity of Tennessee, bordering on Wood Lake, contigu ous to the Mississippi r. Pop. 9,378. Hunt ingdon is the chief town. CARROLLSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Ten. 96 m. SW. from Murfreesborough. CARROLVILLE, t. Jefferson co. Ala. CARROLTON, v. Greene co. Illinois. CARRON ISLAND, small island near the coast of N. C. in Albemarle Sound. Lon. 76 10 W.; lat. 35 46 N. CARR S MOUNTAIN, mt. N. H. in Ells worth and Warren. CARRYING, or Portage River, Ohio, runs into the SW. end of lake Erie, 15 m. from Sandusky. CARSONVILLE, v. Ashe co. N. C. 195 m. NW. from Raleigh. 222 CAR-GAS CARTER, co. East Tennessee. Fop. 6,418. Chief town, Elizabethtown. CARTERET, co. N. C. on Core Sound. Pop. 6,607. Chief town, Beaufort. CARTER S, c. Stokes co. N. C. 355 m. SW. from W. CARTER S, t. Scott co. Indiana, 80 m. S. from Indianapolis. CARTER S BA Y, on NW. coast of America. Lat. 52 58 N. CARTER S CREEK, r. N. C. which runs into the Atlantic. Lat. 34 42 N. CARTER S MOUNTAIN, mt. Albemarle co. adjoining Monticello, a little to the SW. 2 m. S. from Charlottesville. It is about 800 feet above the Rivanna. CARTER S STORE, v. Halifax co. Va. CARTERSVILLE, t. Cumberland co. Va. on the S. side of James River, 42 m. W. by S. from Richmond, 171 from W. Here is a to bacco ware-house. CARTHAGE, v. in Brighton, Ontario co. N. Y. at the lower falls of the Genesee, 5 m. from lake Ontario, and about 30 NW. from Canandaigua. Carthage bridge, erected across the Genesee, lately fell. It consisted of a sin gle arch of 352 feet chord, resting on abut ments of solid rock, which rise to the height of 150 feet. CARTHAGE, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. CARTHAGE, t. and cap. Moore co. N. C. 40 m. NW. from Fayetteville, 381 from W. CARTHAGE, t. and cap. Smith co. Ten. on the Cumberland r. 50 m. E. from Nashville, 140 W. from Knoxville, 691 from W. It con tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a print ing-office, a Baptist and a Methodist meeting- CARTHAGE, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 6 m. N. from Cincinnati. CARTHAGE, t. Athens co. Ohio. CARTHAGE, v. Monroe co. N. Y. below the falls of Genesee r. 2 m. N. from Rochester. CARTHAGE, v. Tuscaloosa co. Ala. 50 m. NW. from Cahaba. CARVER, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 8 m. W. from Plymouth, 38 S. from Boston, 447 from W. Pop. 976. Here is a pond which contains val uable iron ore, and the town has 3 furnaces. CARVER S RIVER, Missouri, which runs into the St. Peters on the N. side about 40 m. above the junction of the latter with the Mis sissippi. CASADA, lake, Chatauquc co. N. Y. 7 m. from Dunkirk, on lake Erie. Casada creek, the outlet of this lake, communicates with that branch of the Conewango which flows from Chatauque lake. CASAGIANDE, t. of New Mexico, in the N. part of New Navarre. Here is an immense edifice, supposed to have been built by the an cient Mexicans for a fortress ; it consists of 3 floors, with a terrace above them, and the en trance is at the second floor, so that a scaling- ladder was necessary. Lon. 113 23 W. ; lat. 33 40 N. CASCADES, Isle de, in the St. Lawrence, at its entrance into lake St. Louis. CASCO BAY, isl. N. Brunswick, in Passa. maquoddy bay. CASCO BAY, in Maine, between Cape Eli zabeth on WSW. and Cape Small Point on ENE. Within these capes, which are about 20 m. apart, there are about 300 small islands, most of which are cultivated, and are much more productive than the main land on the coast of Maine. Portland harbor is on the W. side of the bay. CASDAGA, small lake, Chatauque co. N. Y. aboot 8 m. from Dunkirk on lake Erie. It is connected by a river of the same name, 40 m. long, with the Conewango. The river is navi gable throughout its course for boats of 20 tons. CASDAGA, t. on the Casdaga creek, about 60 m. SSW. from Buffalo. CASEY, co. Ken. Pop. 4,342. Chief town, Liberty. CASEYVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Casey co. Ken. Lat. 37 22 N. ; Ion. 7 32 W. CASH CLAP SETTLEMENT,v. Johnson co. Ten, 907 m. from W. CASH RIVER, Illinois, which flows into the Ohio, 7 m. above its entrance into the Mis sissippi, 15 below Wilkinsonville. CASH RIVER, NW. Territory, runs into lake Superior, 3 m. E. from Dead river. It is 30 yards wide at its mouth. CASHIE, r. N. C. which runs into the Roan- oke. Lon. 77 3 W. ; lat. 35 57 N. CASHVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S. C. Ill m. N. from Columbia. CASPIAN, or Beautiful, a small lake in Greensborough, Vt. It is a head water of the Lamoile. CASSA GRANDE, ruins of Mexico, in So- nora, on the Rio Gila. These very extensive and curious remains are evidently of Aztec construction, though separated above 1000 m. from the other existing monuments of that anciently civilized people. The ruins, which are known by pre-eminence as la Casa Grande, are situated on a plain near the bank of the Gila. Lon. from W. 36 25 W.; lat. 33 40 N. CASSEDY S CREEK, v. Nicholas co. Ken. 538 m. from W. CASSELL S STORE, v. Amelia co. Va. CASSINA, or Red Cedar Lake, N. America, one of the sources of the Mississippi r. It is about 8 m. long and 6 broad, and discharges itself by a winding stream 50 m. long into lake Winnipec. The waters of the Cassina are pure and transparent, and are supplied with pike, carp, trout and catfish. It has an island covered with red cedar trees. Its shores are lined with the elm, maple, and pine, inter spersed with fields of Indian rice, reeds, and rushes, and here and there a gravelly beach. On the NW. side it receives two streams, the Turtle and La Beesh. CASTAH ANA INDIANS, Louisiana, at the sources of the Platte. No. 1,500. CASTILE, t. Genesee co. N. Y. CASTINE, r. Me. which runs into Penob- scot bay. It is 14 m. long, and navigable 6 m. CASTINE, s-p. and cap. Hancock co. Me. on the E. side of Penobscot bay, 122 m. ENE. CAS CAT from Portland, 250 NE. from Boston, 693 from W. Lon. 68 46 W. ; lat. 44 24 N. Pop. 1,155. This is a pleasant and flourishing town, finely situated, has a commodious and excellent harbor, and contains a court-house, a jail, and a bank, and has considerable trade. CASTLEMANS, the eastern constituent branch of the Youghiogeny river, rises in Alleghany co. Md. between Meadow and Ne gro mountains. It first flows NE. about 12 in. into Somerset co. Pa. Through the latter co. this stream curves 30 m. and falls into the Youghiogeny, 11 m. N. from the Md. line, and opposite the eastern foot of Sugar Loaf moun tain. The fall in this stream is considerable, where it is passed by the U. S. road. CASTLETON, t. Rutland co. Vt. 65 m. N. from Bennington, 65 SSW. from Montpelier, and 434 from W. Pop. 1,783. Here is an academy. Bombazine lake is chiefly in this town. CASTLETON, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 357 m. from W. CASTLETOWN, t. Richmond co. N. Y. on N. end of Staten Island ; 9 m. SW. from New York. Pop. 2,204. The Marine Hospi tal, which may accommodate 2 or 300 sick, and the Quarantine and Health establishments of the city of N. Y. are in this town. CASTOR, t. Madison co. Miso. CASTOR S RIVER, Newfoundland, falls into St John s harbor. CASWELL, co. N. part of N. C. 307 m. from W. Pop. 15,499. Chief town, Pittsbo- rough. k CATACO, co. Alabama. CATAHANOSA, parish, La. E. of the Miss. 48 m. above New Orleans. CATAHOOLA, parish of La. bounded by Concordia E. and SE. Rapidcs S. and SW. and by Ouachitta NW. and N. ; length 80 m. mean width 25 ; area 2,000 sq. ms. Surface hilly in the SW. part, and level in the NE. It is nearly intersected into two equal sections by Ouachitta river. The soil is in general extremely sterile, and covered with pine tim ber. Some very productive tracts lie along the streams, upon the small prairies, and on Sicily island. Staples, cotton, live stock, and lumber. No town of any consequence. CATAHOOLA, r. of La. rises in the par ishes of Natchitoches and Ouachitta, and flowing SE. enters the parish of the same name, expands into a lake 30 m. in length, by from 3 to 6 m. wide, turns E. contracts again to a river of about 70 yards wide, flows 10 m. and joins the Ouachitta and forms Black river, after an entire comparative course of 120 m. The country drained by the Catahoola is gen erally sterile pine woods. CATAHOOI )LA, lake of La. This lake is remarkable. It is a natural reservoir, filled and emptied by turns. When the Mississippi river is rising, it throws a volume over the intermediate space into the Ouachitta, which thus swelled, forces the current to repulse into the Catahoola lake, which then becomes filled ; but as the Mississippi depresses, the water drains from the lake, and in autumn, its bot tom becomes one great meadow of succulent herbage, with the river winding its devious way through its wide-spread plain. CATAHOOLA, t. Rapid co, La. CATAHUNK,one of the Elizabeth islands, Mass. CATAKA INDIANS, N. A. at the head of Tongue r. La. No. 300. CATALINA, harbor, on the E. coast of Newfoundland, S. from Cape Bonavista. Lon. 24 50 E. ; lat. 48 40 N. CATARACT RIVER, N. A. falls into the Columbia, about 200 rn. from its mouth. CATARAUGUS, co. SW. part of N. Y. bounded N. by Niagara and Genesec cos. E. by Alleghany co. S. by Pa. and W. by Cha- tauque co. Pop. 16,726. Ellicottville is the chief town. CATARAUGUS, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. 469 m. from W. CATARAUGUS, r. N. Y. which after a W. course of 40 m. falls into Lake Erie, 25 m. S. from Buffalo. CATARAUGUS RESERVATION, lies on the NE. side of the above r. and commencing 4 m. from its mouth, it extends 10 m. along the r. and is 4 wide, containing about 37,000 acres. The number of Indians is about 700, among whom a mission is established by the United Foreign Mission Society. CATAWBA, r. which rises in NW. part of N. C. and passes into S. C. where it takes the name of Wateree. It unites with the Congaree about 30 m. SE. from Columbia, to form the Santee. CATAWESSY, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on S. side of the Susquehannah, at the en trance of a small r. of the same name, 26 m. ENE. from Sunbury, and 144 WNW. from Philadelphia. CATAWISSA, t. Columbia co. Pa. on the E. branch of the Susquehannah, 20 m. NE. from Sunbury. Pop. 2,520. CATETANT CREEK, r. N. Y. which joins the Oswego ; 23 m. long. CATFISH FALLS, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. 192 m. NW. from Albany. CATHARINE, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 18 m. W. from Spencer. CATHARINESTOWN, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 165 m. NW. from New York, and 200 WSW. from Albany. CATHANTS, r. Me. which runs S. into Merrymeeting bay, at Bowdoinham. CATHERINE S, St. island on the coast of Geo. in lat. 31 30 N.; Ion. 81 W. CATILE, v. Rapide co. La. CAT ISLAND, on the coast of La. and Miss, about 6 m. long by one quarter of a mile mean width ; lying between the passes of Marianne and SE. It was on the outside of this island that the British fleet lay during the invasion of La. 1814 and 1815; 53 m. NE. by E. from New Orleans. CAT ISLAND, the name at present given to Guanahani, or St. Salvador, one of the Ba hamas, and the spot where the first discovery of America was made. Columbus discovered this island on the 12th of October, 1492, land- 224: CAT CAT ed upon it, and took formal possession in the name of the king and queen of Spain. The island is about 60 m. long- and 12 wide, but is not a place of any commercial or political im portance. It is in lat. 24 30 N. ; Ion 75 W. CATISTOBOLE, r. W. Florida, runs into the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 85 16 W. CATLETTSBURG, v. Greenup co. Ken. CATLIN, t. Tioga co. N. Y. CATO, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on S. side of lake Ontario, 24 m. N. from Auburn. Pop. 1,781. CATOCHE, Cape, NE. promontory of Yu catan, in N. America, where the English ad venturers from Jamaica first attempted to cut logwood. Lon. 8 50 W. ; lat. 22 8 N. See Honduras. CATS CREEK MILLS, v. Washington co. Ohio ; 327 m. from W. CATSKILL, r. N. Y. runs SE. and joins the Hudson at Catskill. Its mouth makes a good harbor for sloops. CATSKILL, t. and cap. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hudson, at the entrance of the Catskill. The village is built principally on a single street parallel to this creek, and contains the county buildings, 2 banks, an academy for fe males, and 3 churches, viz. one for Presbyte rians, one for Baptists, and one for Episcopa lians. It is a place of considerable trade, 33 m. below Albany, and 5 below Hudson. Pop. 4,861. CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, a branch of the Shawangunk ridge, being a detached por tion of the great Apalachian chain of moun tains ; forking off from the ridge towards the north near the Hudson, and afterwards making a bend towards the west. The general height of these mountains is about 3,000 feet, anc they abound with the most beautiful scenery The quarter most visited by travellers is ai the eastern extremity of the ridge, where on a spot called the Pine Orchard, 2,274 feet above the waters of the Hudson, has lately been erected an elegant hotel, called the Cats- kill Mountain House. Few places of fash ionable resort, (says Mr. John Marshall, to whom we are indebted for this interesting sketch of the place) present stronger attrac tions to the tourist than this spot. A few years ago this delightful retreat was almost un known and rarely visited, but by the hardy hunter in pursuit of the deer, the bear, anc the wolf, who had hitherto maintained undis turbed possession of its cliffs and caverns. A length the tale of the extent and beauty of the prospect, and the grandeur of the scenery drew the attention of individuals of taste, anc the glowing descriptions they gave, effectually roused the attention of the public. Each sue cessive season the number of visitors increas ed, till the temporary buildings, at first erect ed for their accommodation, gave place to a splendid hotel, 140 feet in length, and 4 stories high. This establishment was erected by the Mountain Association at an expense of abou $22,000. It occupies the eastern verge of a table of rock some six acres in extent. An excellent line of singes is established to thif )lace from Catskill, a distance of 12 m. The ide to the foot of the mountain is not partic- ilarly interesting but as you ascend, every moment develops something magnificent and new. The sides of the mountain, steep and seemingly inaccessible, tower far above you, clothed in the rich, deep foliage peculiar to such regions ; while below your path a clear stream runs, one moment bubbling over its rocky bed, and the next leaping down in cas cades to the valley. The road is extremely circuitous, and so completely hemmed in by the luxuriant growth of forest trees, that the traveller is for a long time unable to judge of liis progress in the ascent by any view of the country he has left. At an abrupt angle of the road, however, he obtains at once a full view of the Mountain House perched like the eyrie of an eagle among the clouds or rather like the enchanted castle in a fairy tale; seemingly inaccessible to mortal foot, still it reminds him of such terrestrial com forts as are sure to be acceptable after exer cise in the pure air of the mountains. An other turn, and it again disappears, and the traveller next finds himself on the level rock of the Pine Orchard, and approaching the hotel from the rear. A moment more, and he is on the edge of the precipice in front of the noble building. From this lofty eminence all inequalities of surface are overlooked. A seemingly endless succession of woods and waters farms and villages, towns and cities, are spread out as upon a boundless map. Far beyond rise the Tagkannuc mountains, and the highlands of Connecticut and Massachu setts. To the left, and at a still greater dis tance, the Green mountains of Vermont stretch away to the north, and their blue summits and the blue sky mingle together. The beautiful Hudson, studded with islands, appears nar rowed in the distance, with steam-boats almost constantly in sight ; while vessels of every de scription, spreading their white canvas to the breeze, are moving rapidly over its surface, or idly loitering in the calm. These may be traced to the distance of nearly seventy miles with the naked eye ; and again at times all below is enveloped in dark cloud and rolling mist, which, driven about by the wind, is con tinually assuming new, wild, and fantastic forms. From the Pine Orchard a ride or walk of a mile or two brings you to the Kauterskill falls. Here the outlet of two small lakes, leaps down a perpendicular fall of 180 feet then glides away through a channel worn in the rock, to a second fall of 80 feet. Below this it is lost in the dark ravine through which it finds its way to the valley of the Catskill. The waterfall, bold as it is, forms however but one of the many interesting features of this scene. Standing on the edge of the first fall, you look down into a dreary chasm, whose steep sides, covered with the dark ivy and the thick foliage of summer, seem like a green bed prepared for the reception of the waters. Making a circuit from this spot, and descend ing about midway of the first fall, you enter a fool path which conducts into an immense nat- CAU CEN ural amphitheatre behind the waterfall. The effect of this scene is imposing beyond de scription. Far over your head projects a smooth surface of rock, forming a magnificent ceiling to this amphitheatre. In front is the ever-falling water, and beyond, the wild moun tain dell with the clear blue sky above. CAUGHENEWAGA, v. Montgomery co. N. Y. 404 m. from W. CAVAILLON, t. St. Domingo; on the NW. peninsula, 16 m. W. by S, from St. Louis. CAVAZATES, t, Cuba, 120 m. E. from Havannah. CAVENDISH, t. Windsor co. Vt. on Black r. Pop. 1,498. CAVESVILLE, v Orange co. Va. 119 m. from W. CAWENISQUE, r. Pa. which runs into the Tioga on the borders of N. Y. CAYES, Les, t. St. Domingo, 13 leagues W. by S. from St. Louis. Lat. 18 12 N. CAYUGA, co. N. Y. E. of Cayuga lake, bounded N. by lake Ontario and Oswego co. E. by Oswego, Onondaga, and Courtland cos. S. by Tompkins co. and W. by Cayuga lake, Seneca and Ontario x;os. Pop. 47,947. Chief town, Auburn. CAYUGA, v. in Aurelius, N, Y. on E. side of Cayuga lake; 179 m. W. from Albany, and 386 from W. It contained in 1812 40 houses. CAYUGA, lake, N. Y. commences at the mouth of Fall creek, in Tomkins co. and ex tending nearly north, with a mean width of 2 m. 40 m. to the village of Cayuga, where it again contracts into a small river, which a short distance below Cayuga, unites with the Seneca outlet. Cayuga lake forms part of the natural channel of water communication from the grand canal of N. Y. to the Susque- hannah r. A steam-boat already runs between Ithaca and Cayuga. CAYUGA, t Cayuga co. N. Y. on the right bank of Cayuga outlet, on the road from Auburn to Geneva, 10m. from the former, and 12 from the latter place. CAYUGA CREEK, r. N. Y. which unites with Buffalo creek in SE. corner of Buffalo. Length 28 m. CAYUTA, t Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. NW. from Spencer. Pop. 642. CAYUTA CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs S. into the Susquehannah, near its union with the Tioga. Length 35 m. CAZENOVIA, t. and cap. Madison co. N. Y. ; 130 m. WNW. from Albany, 386 from W. Pop. 4,344. Here is a pleasant and flourishing village, which contains a court-house, a jail, a printing-office, a Presbyterian meeting-house, and has considerable trade and manufactures. CECIL, co. part Md. bounded N. by Penn sylvania, E. by Delaware, S. by Kent co. and W. by Chesapeake Bay and the Susquehannah. Pop. 15,432. Chief town, Elkton. CECIL, t. Washington co. Pa. CEDAR CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into the Atlantic, lat. 39 55 N. CEDAR, creek and t. in the northern part 2D of Shenandoah co. Va. ; 180 m. NW. from Richmond. CEDAR, t. Howard co. Miso. CEDAR, lake, British N. America, between Lake Winnipeg and the Saskatchewine river Lon. 22 30 from W. lat. 53 N. CEDAR CREEK, Rockbridge co. Va. runs into James river. The Natural Bridge, over this creek, is 12 m. S. from Lexington, and is a great curiosity. The river runs through a chasm, which is 90 feet wide at the top. The sides are 250 feet high, and almost perpen dicular. The bridge is a huge rock thrown across this chasm at the top. It is 60 feet wide, and covered with earth and trees, and forms a sublime spectacle when beheld from the margin of the creek. CEDAR CREEK, runs into the Missouri from the N. in St. Charles co. Miso. CEDAR CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into the Atlantic, lat. 39 55 N. CEDAR CREEK, r. Delaware, which runs into Delaware Bay, lat. 38 56 N. CEDAR CREEK, r. S. C. which runs into the Great Pedee. CEDAR CREEK, v. Monmouth co. N. J. about 60 rn. E. from Philadelphia. CEDAR-CREEK-MOUTH, v. Franklin co. Kentucky. CEDAR GROVE, t. Union district, S. C. about 70 m. NW. from Columbia. CEDAR ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlan tic, near the coast of Va. CEDAR POINT, cape on the coast of Ma ryland, at the mouth of the Patuxent. CEDAR POINT, s-p. Charles co. Md. on the Potomac ; 12 m. SSE. from Port Tobacco, 69 SSW. from Baltimore. CEDAR RIVER, r. Miss, which runs S. into the Gulf of Mexico. It is E. of the Pas- cagoula, and unites with it at its mouth. CEDAR RIVER, or Kechikigon, r. North- West Territory, which runs into Lake Michi gan. CEDAR SHOALS, t. Chester district, S.C. 88 m. N. from Columbia. CEDARS, v. U. C. on the left bank of St. Lawrence, 30 m. above Montreal. CEDARVILLE, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. CEDARVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Va. CEDARVILLE, Cumberland co. N. J. ; 191 m. from W. CELAYA, t. Mexico. Lon. 101 5 W. lat. 21 N. CENTERVILLE, v. Bibb co. Ala. on the Cahaba river, about 70 m. N. from the v. of Cahaba. CENTRAL SQUARE, v. Oswego co. N. Y. 120 m. NW. by W. from Albany. CENTRE, co. central part of Pa. ; bounded N. by Lycotning co. E. by Northumberland co. S. by Mifflin and Huntingdon cos. and W. by Clearfield co. Pop. 18,765. Chief town, Belle- fbnte. CENTRE, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,103. CENTRE, t. Guilford co. N. C. 69 m. NW. from Raleigh. CENTRE, t. Natchitochcs parish, La. 220 CEN CHA CENTRE, t. Greene co. Pa. CENTRE, t. Union co. Pa. CENTRE, t. Monroe co. Ohio. CENTRE, t. Morgan co. Ohio. CENTRE-FURNACE, v. Centre co. Pa. CENTRE-HARBOR, t. Stratford co. N. H. on N. side Lake Winnipiseogee ; 36 m. N. from Concord, 552 from W. Pop. 377. CENTREVILLE, t. AUeghany co. N. Y. CENTREVILLE, v. Crawford co. Pa. CENTREVILLE, t. Fairfield co. Ohio ; 14 m. NW. from Lancaster, 14 SE. from Colum bus. CENTREVILLE, t. and cap. Queen Anne co. Md. ; 15 m. S. from Chester, 21 N. from Easton, 71 from W. It is pleasantly situated in a fertile tract of country, and contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting house, and about 50 houses, and is a place of some trade. CENTREVILLE, t. Fairfax co. Va.; 23 in. W. by S. from W. CENTREVILLE, t. Pcndkton co. S. C. 570 m. from W. CENTREVILLE, t. Livingston co. Ken. 834 m. from W. Here is an academy. CENTREVILLE, t. Montgomery co.Ohia 9 in. SE. from Dayton. CENTREVILLE, v. Fairfield co.Ohio; 14 m. SE. from Columbus. CENTREVILLE, t. Gatlia co. Ohio. CENTREVILLE, t. Wilkes co. Geo. 89 m NW. from Milledgeville. CENTREVILLE, v. Fayette co. Ken. witl an academy. CENTREVILLE, Colnmbiana co. Ohio 150 m. NE. from Columbus. CENTREVILLE, v. and seat of justice, in Wayne co. Indiana, on the main fork of the W. branch of White-water river. CERESTOWN, t. M Kean co. Pa. CERF, Isle au, small isl. in the St. Law rence, at the confluence of the river Des Prai ries. CESAR S CREEK, t. Greene county, Ohio Pop. 649. CHABAQUIDDICK, isl. Mass, near the E end of Martha s Vineyard. CHACTOOLE BAY, NW. coast of Ameri ca, S. of Norton Sound, between cape Denbig and Besborough Island. CHAFALIA, properly Atchafalaya, a d verging branch of the Mississippi river. CHAGRINS RIVER, r. Ohio, which run into Lake Eric, in NE. part of Cuyahoga co. CHAGRINE RIVER, v. Cuyahoga co, Ohio 483 m. from W. CHAGUE, r. of N. America, in the provinc of Panama, rises on the isthmus of Darien be tween the Bay of Panama, and Point San Blai and flowing W. by comparative courses 60 n turns to N. 30 m. falls into the Caribbean sea between Porto Bello and Conception. It i navigable only a short distance for sea-vesse to Cruces ; but for boats down stream, it is th channel of commerce between the two ocean CHALCO, t. Mexico, 18 m. SE. of the cit of Mexico. CHALEUR, Iarg bay of the Gulf of S awrencc, separating N. Brunswick from L. C. listigouche river enters its head, lat. 48 N. CHALK LEVEL, v. Pittsylvania co. Va. CHAMBERSBURG, t. bor. and cap. Frank- n co. Pa. ; 14 in. N. from Maryland line, i)2 V. from York, 76 NW. from Baltimore, 137 V. from Philadelphia, 92 from W. Lat. 39 7 N. Pop. in 1820, 2,300, and in 1830, 2,794. t is situated on elevated ground at the conflu- nce of Falling Spring with Conococheague reek, which afford excellent seats for manu- actorics and mills. Here are now in opera- ion a large merchant-mill, a paper-mill, an )il-mill, a fulling-mill, 2 breweries, and a spin- ling factory with about 600 spindles. It has Iso manufactories of excellent cutlery. It is , pleasant, flourishing, and healthy town, and xnitains a court-house, a jail, county offices, a market-house, a bank, an academy, and 7 louses of public worship. Several of the shurchcs are large, having spires with 2 bells n each. In the vicinity of the town there are arge quantities of blue lime-stone, freestone, and marble. It is on the turnpike from Har- isburg to Pittsburg, and there is also a turn- like from the borough to Baltimore. The ur rounding country is fertile and well culti- ated. CHAMBERS CREEK, Orange co. N. Y. . small stream near Ncwburgh, on which is irected a cannon foundery. CIIAMBLY, Seigniory, in Kent and Bed- brd cos. L. C. on the river Sorrel, 12 m. E. VIontreal. Here is a fort, arid a village of bout 100 houses. CHAMPAIGN, co. Ohio, on Mad river, a branch of the Miami. Pop. 12,130, Chief ;own, Urbanna. CHAMPION, t. Jefferson co. N. York, on Black river, at the head of the Long Falls ; 52 m. N. from Rome, 161 NW. Albany. Pop. 2,342. CHAMPION, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 4 m. N. from Warren. CHAMPION, v. in Pamcsville, Ohio. CHAMPLAIN, t. and port of entry, Clinton co. N. Y. on lake Champlain, 15 m. N. from Plattsburg, 185 from Albany. Pop. 2,456. It is watered by the Chazy, and contains numer ous mills. CHAMPLAIN, Lake, between New York and Vermont. Its whole length from White hall, at its southern extremity, to its termina tion 24 m. N. of the Canada line, is 128 m. ; its brcodth varies from half a mile to 16 m. Its surface covers about 600 sq.. ms. The princi pal streams which flow into it from the east, arc the Missisque, Lamoil, Onion, and Otter creek ; those from the west are the Chazy, Sa- ranac, Sable, the waters of lake George, and Wood creek. The whole extent of country drained by these waters, is between 6 and 7,000 sq. ms. There are several large islands in the northern part of the lake, the principal of which are North and Soulh Hero, and Isle Lamotte. The outlet of the lake is the river Sorel, which runs N. into the St. Lawrence. About 800 tons of shipping are employed on the lake, owned principally at Burlington, and in the summer CHA-CHA 227 season a steam-boat plies from Whitehall to St. John s through its whole length. A battle was fought on this lake on the 11th of Sept. 1814, in which the American fleet under commodore Macdonongh gained a complete victory over the British, CHANCEFORD, Upper, t. York co. Pa. CHANCELLORVILLE, v. Spottsylvania co. Va. 75 in. N. from Richmond. CHANDELEUR ISLANDS, in the gulf of Mexico, near the coast of W. Florida. CHANDLER S RIVER, r. Me. which runs into Englishman s bay. CHAP ALA, the largest lake of Mexico. It lies just above lat. 20 N. about 120 m. W. of the city of Mexico, and is 90 m. long and 20 broad, covering an area of 1225 sq. ms. CHAPEL HILL, v. Orange co. N. C. on a branch of Cape Fear river, about 14 m. S. from Hillsborough, and 24 W from Raleigh. The situation, in an elevated and broken country, is pleasant and healthy. It is the scat of the University of N. C. This seminary was incor porated in 1788, and liberally supported by public donations, and private benefaction. The revenues are at present ample. It has 9 in structors, and 6!) students. The libraries have ibout 5,000 volumes. The studies of which a knowledge is required in order to gain admis sion to this institution are Caesar s Comment aries, Sallust, Virgil, Mair s Introduction, and ten chapters of St. John s Gospel. The studies during the first two years, are the languages and geography ; during the third year, mathe matics ; and during the fourth, natural, intel lectual, and moral philosophy. The annual expenses for board, tuition, &c. amount to about 140 dollars. The commencement is held on the first Thursday in June, after which there is a vacation of 6 weeks ; there is another va cation of 4 weeks in December. CHAPLINTON, t. Barren co. Ken. CHAPMAN, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 400. CHAPTICO, t. St Mary s co. Md. 12 m. NW. from Leonardtown, and 56 from W. CHARATON, east, and Charaton, west, 2 rivers of Missouri, rising in the angle between Les Moines river, and Grand river, and flow ing S. fall into the Missouri 220 m. above St. Louis, and 120 below the mouth of Kansas r. CHARDON, t. and seat of justice, Geauga co. Ohio, 12 m. from the mouth of Grand river, 160 NE. from Columbus. Lat. 41 35 N.; Ion. from W. 4 15 W. CHARETTE, t. Montgomery co. Miso. on the N. side of the Missouri river, 40 m. above St. Charles. CHARITON, ca Miso bounded S. by Mis souri river and Howard co. W. by Ray co. E. by Rails co. and N. by the state line. This county is drained by the two Charaton rivers. Chief town, Chariton. Lat 39 30 N. ; Ion. from W. 15 30 W. CHARITON, t. and cap. of a county lately set off* from Howard co. Missouri, is under a blufV on the river of the same name, at the confluence of the Little Chariton. It contains several handsome brick houses, a saw and grist mill, a distillery, and 2 hotels. It is 25 m. VV from Franklin. Pop. about 300. CHARLEMONT, t. Hampshire co. Mass CHARLEMONT, t. Franklin co. Mass. 14 m. W. from Greenfield, 110 WNW. from Bos ton. Pop. 1,065. CHARLES, co. Md. bounded N. by Prince George co. E. by St. Mary s co. SW. and W. by the Potomac. Pop. 17,666. Chief town, Port Tobacco. CHARLES, r. Mass, which flows into Bos ton harbor, near that town. CHARLES, Cape, the N. point of an island in the S. channel of Hudson s Strait, leading into Hudson s bay. Lon. 74 15 W.; lat. 62 46 N. CHARLES, Cape, Va. the N. cape at the entrance of Chesapeake bav. Lon. 75 58 W. ; lat. 37 15 N. CHARLES, St. a parish of the E. District of Louisiana, lying on both sides of the Mis sissippi, bounded on the N. by the lakes Mau- repas and Ponchartrain ; it is a swampy dis trict, containing about 300 sq. ms. Pop. 5,107 The court-house of the district is 45 in. W from New Orleans. CHARLESBURG, t. Montgomery co. Md. 26 m. from W. CHARLES CITY, co. Va. on the peninsula between James and Chickahominy rivers; length, 26 m.; mean width, 8; surface hilly, or rolling. Staples, grain, flour, and tobacco. Pop. 5,504. CHARLESTON, t. Montgomery so. N. Y. on S. side of the Mohawk, 40 m. WNW. from Albany, 412 from W. Pop. 2,148. It is of large extent, and contains 4 houses of public worship. CHARLESTON, t. Cecil co. Md. 10 m. W. from Elkton, 47 NNE. from Baltimore, and 63 from W. Pop. 300. It has an academy and a meeting-house. CHARLESTON, t. and cap. Clarke co. In. 2 m. from the Ohio, 14 above the falls, 14 SW. from Madison, 613 from W. CHARLESTON, v. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecticut r. 51 m. W. from Concord. CHARLESTON, t. and seat of justice, in Clarke co. In. near the Ohio r. and the mouth of Eleven mile creek, 15 m. above Louisville. Lat. 38 28 N. ; Ion. from W. 8 38 W. CHARLESTON, L on the SW. side of the island of Nevis, in the West Indies. It is the seat of government, and defended by a fort. CHARLESTON, isl. at the bottom of Hud son s bay. Lon 79 5 W. ; lat 52 3 N. CHARLESTON, city and s-p. S. C. in a district of the same name ; 120 m. SSE. from Columbia, 118 NE. from Savannah, 580 SSW. from Baltimore, 771 SSW. from New York, 544 from W. Lon. 79 54 W. ; lat. 32 47 N. It is situated on a point of land, made by the junction of the rivers Cooper and Ashley, which by their union form a commodious harbor, opening to the ocean below Sullivan s Island, seven miles below the city. The passage over the bar at the mouth of the harbor, though deep and safe, is difficult to find. It is strongly 228 CHA CHA CHARLESTON. REFERENCES. Boroughs. (1) Cannon, (2) Radclifte, (3) Wraps, (4) Mazyck, Public Places. (A) United States arsenal, (B) Potter s Field, (C) Places of worship, (D) Citadel, (E) Public Square, (F) Fort Washington, (G) Arsenal, (H) Markets, (1) Orphans house, (K) Baths, (L) Public landing, (M) Theatre. (a) Bank of U. States, (b) State Bank, (c) Bank of S. Carolina, (e) Planters and Merchants Bank, (f) Union Bank, (g) City Hall, (h) Court-house, (i) State Offices, ( j) Circus, (k) Medical College, (I) Poor-house, (m) Workhouse, (n) Hospital, (o) Jail, (p) Exchange, (q) Foundery (r) Steam Mill, (s) Martello Tower, (t) Lucas Mill, (u) Mill-pond, (v) Canal, (vv) Bennett s Ford, (x) Saw Mill, (y) Wind Mill, (z) Moore a vv. CHARLESTON EXCHANGE. defended by 3 forts on different islands in the harbor. It contains 10 or 12 respectable pub lic buildings, and 18 or 20 churches. Most of them are handsome, and some of them mag nificent. There are but 3 or 4 larger city libraries in the United States, than that of Charleston. It contains between 13 and 14,000 volumes. The orphan asylum is a noble and munificent charity, which maintains and edu cates 130 orphan children. There is a fund also for educating at the South Carolina college such boys as manifest distinguished talents. Many of the charitable institutions of this hos pitable city are munificently endowed, and af ford ample and efficient relief to the various species of distress, for the alleviation of which they are designed. It is regularly laid out ; and handsomely and in some parts splendidly built. The site was originally low and marshy ; but the low places have been filled up, and so raised that the streets are perfectly dry. The houses are spacious, and have piazzas to court the breeze. The squares are shaded with the pride of China and other beautiful trees, and the gardens with orange trees, and the inhab itants have had the taste to surround their dwellings with the multiflora rose, and other ornamental shrubs and fragrant flowering plants, which impart to a northern stranger the idea of a tropical flower garden. Though this city has been more than once desolated by the yellow fever, it is considered healthier for acclimated inhabitants, than the surround ing country. The planters from the low coun- CHA-CHA 229 try and many opulent strangers from the West Indies come here to spend the sickly months, and to enjoy the elegant and enlightened soci ety, with which this city abounds. The city owns a large amount of shipping, and in the value of its exports is the fourth city in the union. By the way of Norfolk and across the bays, it has rapid and easy steam-boat commu nications with the northern cities. In 1820, the popu.ation was 24,780, of which more than half were slaves. In 1830, 30,289. CHARLESTOWN, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 1 m. N. of Boston. Pop. 8,787. The principal part of the town is beautifully situated on a peninsula formed by Mystic and Charles rivers, which unite immediately below in Bos ton harbor. A bridge across Charles r. con nects the town with Boston, and two others across Mystic r. connect it with Maiden, and with Chelsea. There is also a bridge across a bay of Charles r. on the west side of the town, connecting it with Cambridge. The public buildings are the state prison, the Mas sachusetts insane hospital, an alms-house, town-house, and 5 houses for public worship, viz. 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Baptists, 1 for Universalists, and 1 for Methodists. A navy-yard of the U. S. occupies the SE. part of the town. It consists of about 60 acres of land, on which are erected a marine hospital, a spacious ware-house, an arsenal, powder magazine, and a house for the accommodation of the superintendent, all of brick ; and 2 immense wooden edifices, under which the largest vessels of war are built. The cele brated battle of " Breed s hill" commonly, but incorrectly called " Bunker hill battle," was fought in this town, June 17, 1775. CHARLESTOWN, v. Washington co. R. I. It is remarkable for being the residence of the greater part of the Narraganset Indians that still remain in this state. They are peaceable and well disposed towards the go vernment, and speak the English language. CHARLESTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Va. 20 m. NE. from Winchester, 8 S. from Shep- herdstown, and 63 from W. CHARLESTOWN, t. Kenhawa co. Va. on the Kenhawa, near the mouth of Elk r. CHARLESTOWN, t. Mason co. Ken. on the Ohio, at the mouth of Laurens creek, 6 m. N. from Washington, and GO NE. from Lexington. CHARLESTOWN, t Portage co. Ohio, 4 m. W, from Ravenna. CHARLESTOWN, chief town of the isl and of Nevis, in the W. Indies. Lon. 62 40 W.; lat. 178 N. CHARLESTOWN, Neu>, town of Penob- scot co. Maine, 28 m. NNW. from Bangor. Pop. 859. CHARLESTOWN, v. Cecil co. Md. on the W. side of N. East r. 10 m. W. from Elktoh. CHARLESTOWN, t. Brooke co. Va. CHARLESTOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa. on E. bank of the Susquehannah, 4 m. below Columbia. CHARLESTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Va. 20 m. NE. from Winchester. CHARLOTTE, or Port Genesee, v. in Gates, Genesec co. N. Y. at the mouth of the Genesee. CHARLOTTE, co. N. Brunswick ; bound ed S. by the bay of Fundy, and W. by the St. Croix and Passamaquoddy bay. Chief town, St. Andrews. CHARLOTTE, t on the E. side of lake Champlain, in Chittenden co. Vt. at the dis tance of 10 m. S. of Burlington, and 13 N. of Vergennes. CHARLOTTE, v. Monroe co. N. Y. on Braddock s bay. The village is at the mouth of Genesee r. CHARLOTTE, co. Va. on Staunton river bounded by Lunenburg E. Mecklenburg SE. Halifax or Roanoke r. SW. Campbell NW. Buckingham and Prince Edward NE. length 33 m. mean breadth 18; area 600 sq. ms. Part of the soil along the streams is excellent. Chief town, Maryville. Pop. 15,254. CHARLOTTE, C. H. Charlotte co. Va. 105 m. SW. from Richmond. CHARLOTTE, v. and scat of justice for Mecklenburg co. N. C. on Sugar creek, a branch of Catawba r. 46 m. S. of Statesville, and about the same distance SW. of Salisbury. Lat. 35 16 N. ; Ion. 3 48 W. from W. CHARLOTTE, v. and seat of justice, Dick- son co. Ten. 30 m. W. from Nashville. Lat. 36 6 N. ; Ion. 10 15 W. from W. CHARLOTTE, v. S. C. at the junction of Tugaloo and Broad rivers. CHARLOTTE, r. bay and harbor, W. coast of E. Florida. The river rises in the in terior of the peninsula, and flows W. into the bay. CHARLOTTEBURG, t. Brunswick co. N. Carolina. CHARLOTTE FORT, S. C. at the junction of the Tugaloo and Broad rivers, the forks of Savannah Driver. Lon. 82 35 W. ; Int. 34 N. CHARLOTTE-HALL, t. St. Mary s co. Md.; 56 m. SSE. from W. It derives its name from an academy, which consists of 3 brick buildings, calculated to accommodate 100 students. The situation is elevated, pleas ant, and healthy. CHARLOTTE S BAY, on the SE. coast of Nova Scotia. Lat. 44 35 N. CHARLOTTE S TOWN. t. island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. CHARLOTTE S TOWN, Prince Edward s Island, in the bay of St. Lawrence ; on a deep bay, S. side of the island. CHARLOTTE S-TOWN, formerly Rous seau, the capital of Dominica, 21 m. SE. of Prince Rupert s bay, on a point of land on the SW. side of the island. Lon. 61 25 W. ; lat. 15 25 N. CHARLOTTESVILLE, t. and cap. Albe- marle co. Va. 86 m. WNW. from Richmond, 40 SE. by E. from Staunton, and about 1 N. from Rivanna r. A college was established at Chnrlottesville in 1817, called Central college. It forms part of a grand plan of education re cently adopted in the state of Virginia. The buildings are not yet completed, but they are. said to surpass, in elegance of design, and 230 CHA-CHA beauty of architecture, every thing on this side of the Atlantic. CHARLOTTEVILLE, t. Norfolk co. U. C. on lake Erie. CHARLTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 15 m. SW. from Worcester, and GO SSW. from Bos ton. Pop. 2,173. CHARLTON, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 8 m. W. from Ballston, and 25 NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,023. CHARLTON, r. La. which runs into the Missouri, 220 m. from the Mississippi. CHARLTON ISLAND, Hudson s bay. Lon. 80 W. ; lat. 52 12 N. CHARLTON ISLAND, small isl. at E. ex tremity of lake Ontario. CHARON, r. U. C. runs into lake Superior, Ion. 85 W. CHAROTTE, t. St. Charles co. Missouri Territory, on N. bank of the Missouri, 40 m. above St. Charles. CHARTIER S CREEK, Pa. runs into the Ohio from the S. 5 m. below Pittsburg. It is navigable for boats to Morganza in its forks. CHAST ANT S BLUFF, in Ala. on the Mobile, 27 m. above Mobile. CHATAHOOCHEE, r. which rises in the Apalach:an mountains, runs across the NW. of Ceo. fbur.s a part of the W. boundary of the state, dividing it from Alabama, and in lat. 3,0 45 N. receives Flint r. and takes the name of Apalachicola. CHATAHOOSPA, r. W. Florida, runs into the Catahoochee, lat 31 43 N. CHATAUQUE, co. N. Y. ; bounded NW. by lake Erie, E. by Calaragus, S. by Pa. and W. by Ohio. Pop. 34,057. CHATAUQUE, lake, in Chatauque co. N. Y. 9 m. E. from lake Erie, 18 long, and from I to 3 broad. The head of the lake is 9 m. from Dunkirk on lake Erie. A branch of the Conewango, which runs into the Allcghany r. flows from this lake. From the head of this lake there is a free navigation through the Conewango and Alleghany, to Pittsburg. CHATAUQUE, t. and cap. Cbatauque co. N. Y. 30 m. SW. from Buffalo, 357 W. from Albany, and 439 from W. Pop, 2,432. CHATEAUGAY, Seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 13 m. SW. from Montreal. CHATEAUGAY, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 10 m. E. from Malone. Pop. 2,016. CHATEAUGAY, v. Clinton co. N. Y. 586 in. from W. CHATEAUGAY, r N. Y. in Franklin co. which runs into the St Lawrence, opposite to Montreal. CHATHAM, co. central part of N. C. Pop. 15,4!)9. Chief town, Pittsborough. CHATHAM, co. E. part of Georgia. Pop. 14,230. Chief town, Savannah. CHATHAM, t. Coos co. Nil. 87 m. N. from Portsmouth. Pop. 419. CHATHAM, t. Stafford co. N. II. on the E. side of the White mountains. Pop. 419. CHATHAM, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Middle- town. Pop. 3,646. Ship-building has long been an important business in this town, and several vessels of war, for the United States service, have been built here. Here are alse the noted and very valuable quarries of free stone, called Connecticut stone. A large quan tity of this stone, prepared for market, is sold in the neighborhood, or exported to distant parts of the country. CHATHAM, t. Barnstable co. Mass, in the SE. extremity of the state; 20 m. E. from Barnstable, 85 SE. from Boston, and 508 from W. Pop. 2,134. This town is remarkable for many shipwrecks on its shores. The inhab itants are employed chiefly in the fisheries. CHATHAM, t. Kent co. U. C. extending from Thames r. to lake St. Clair. CHATHAM, t. York co. L. C. on the N. side of Ottawa river. CHATHAM, t. Northumberland co. New Brunswick, on Miramachi river. It is well situated for carrying on the timber trade, and contains a handsome Presbyterian church. CHATHAM, t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 18m. NE. from Hudson, 350 from W. Pop. 3,538. CHATHAM, t. Morris co. N. J. on the Pas- saic ; 13 m. NW. Elizabethtown, 228 from W. CHATHAM, t. Chester co. Pa.; 121 m. from W. CHATHAM, t. Chesterfield co. S. C. on W. side of the Great Pcdee; 15 m. NNE. from Greenville, 150 NNE. from Charleston, 436 from W. CHATHAM, or Punjo Bay, on the SW. coast of Florida. Lat. 25 30 N. CHATHAM FOUR CORNERS, v. in the township of Chatham, Columbia co. N. Y. ; 346 m. from W. This is a different town from that called Chatham in the same township. CHATHAM STRAIT, a channel on the W. coast of N. America. It divides King George the Third s Archipelago from Admi ralty island. Lat. 58 N. Ion. 134 W. CHAUDIERE FALLS, on the Ottawa river, U. C. 36 feet high. They are a little above the mouth of the river Radeau, and below Lake Chaudierc. CHAUDIERE LAKE is formed by the widening of the Ottawa river, above the mouth of the river Radeau, and below Lake Chat, U.C. CHAUDIERE RIVER, L. C. rises on the hilly region from which the Connecticut and Kennebec have their sources. It flows nearly N. from Megantic Lake, about 100 m. and falls into St Lawrence 6 m. above Quebec. It was by the channel of this stream that Gen. Ar nold reached the St. Lawrence river, early in the revolutionary war. It is a precipitous, and unnavigable stream. The scenery along its banks has excited the admiration of all travel lers who have visited it. CHAUMONT, a town of Jefferson co. New York, seated at the head of a small bay at the E. end of Lake Ontario, 187 m. NW. of Al bany. CHAUMONT, bay of Lake Ontario, Jeffer son co. N. Y. to the N. of, and communicating by a strait with Sacket s Harbor. CHAZY, t. Clinton co. JSL Y. W. from Lake CHA CHE 231 Champlain; 186 m. N. from Albany, 529 from W. Pop. 3,097. CHAZY, two small rivers of N. Y. Clinton co. fall into the W. side of Lake Champlain. CHEAT, r. Va. runs into the Monongahela, 3 or 4 m. within the Pennsylvania line. It is navigable for boats, except in dry seasons, and there is a portage of 37 m. to the Potomac. CHEBACCO, the 2d parish in Ipswich, Mass. ; 5 m. SSE. from Ipswich C. H. 12 NE. Salem. It is famous for building small ves sels, called Chebacco-boats. Some business also is done here in the shore fishery, though the principal employment is agriculture. The village is 2 m. from the bay, on Chebacco river, which is navigable for sloops of 60 tons to the village. CHEBUCTO BAY, on the SE. coast of Nova Scotia. Lon. 63 31 W. lat. 44 40 N. CHEBUKTO, harbor, near Halifax, in Nova Scotia. Lon. 13 18 E. from W. lat. 44 45 N. CHEBUOTEQUION is one of the lakes on the communication between Lake Simcoe and the Rice Lake, U. C. CHEDABUCTO, bay of the NE. coast of Nova Scotia, opening into the strait between Cape Breton and Nova Scotia. Lon. 15 50 E. from W. lat. 45 25 N. CHEEKS CROSS-ROADS, v. Hawkins co. Tennessee. CHEFUNCTI, r. La. falls into lake Pon- chartrain, at Madisonville. It is beatable 30 m. CHEGOIMEGON, Point, N W. Territory a sandy point projecting into Lake Superior and forming the eastern side of a bay of the same name. The bay affords an excellent harbor for vessels, and next to that of Grand Isle, the best on the southern shore of the lake, Across its entrance is a chain of islands, 27 m. E. Fond du Lac, 130 W. Kewecna Point. CHELMSFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass, on S. side of the Merrimack ; 25 m. N W. Bos ton, 462 from W. Pop. 1,387. Middlesex ca nal commences here, near the head of whicl there is a manufactory of glass. Large quan tities of beautiful granite, much used in build ing, are obtained in this town, and transportec down the canal, to Boston and vicinity. CHELSEA, t. and cap. Orange co. Vt. ; 22 m. SSE. from Montpelier, 506 from W. Pop 1,958. CHELSEA, t. Suffolk co. Mass. ; 6 m. NE from Boston. It is connected with Charles- town by a bridge. Lon. 71 W. lat 42 25 N. Pop. 770. CHEMIUR, r. In. falling into Lake Michi gan. CHEMUNG, t. Tioga co. N. Y.; 10 m SW. from Spencer, 198 WSW. from Albany 308 from W. Pop. 1,462. CHENAL ECARTE ISLE, U. C. near the entrance of the river St. Clair into Lake St Clair, E. of Harsan s Island. It contains aboui 300 acres of arable land ; the other parts arc meadow and marsh. CHENAL ECARTE, Isle de, U. C. in the river St. Lawrence, opposite the t. of Cornwall contains from 7 to 800 acres. The soil is srood. CHENAL ECARTE RIVER, U. C. runs nearly parallel to the river Thames, and emp- ies itself at the entrance of the river St. " CHENANGO, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Madison co. E. by Otsego and Delaware cos. S. by Broome co. W. by Broome and Court- andt cos. Pop. 37,406. Chief town, Nor wich. CHENANGO, t. and cap. Broome co. N. Y. i the Susquehannah ; 40 m. SW from Nor wich, 63 S. from Manlius, 148 WSW. from Albany, 295 from W. Pop. 3,716. CHENANGO, r. which runs SSW. through Chenango co. and joins the Susquehannah, 18 in. E. from Owego. Length 90 m. CHENANGO" FORKS, v. Broome co. N. Y. ; 315 in. from W. CHENANGO POINT, Broome eo. N. Y. at the junction of Chenango river with the- Susquehannah. CHENE, Isle du, in Lake Ontario, lies off the easterly coast of Marysbwrgh, U. C. anc* close to the land. CHENE, Portage du, on the Ottawa river r immediately below Lake Chaudiere, ILC, CHENE, Riviere du, runs into the Bay of Michipicoten, Lake Superior,, W, of r. Michi- picoten, U. C. CHENE, r. La, rises in the marshes SE. from the English Bend, below N. Orleans ; flows parallel to the Mississippi, and falls into Chandeleur Bay, about 10 m. E. from Fort St. Philip. An inlet connects the Chene with the Terra aux Breufs river. CHENES, r. Plaquemines parish, La. which runs SE. into Black Lake. CHEPATCHET, flourishing v. Providence co. R. I. on Chepatchet creek, 16 in. NW. from Providence. CHEPATCHET CREEK, northwestern branch of Pawtuckct river, rises in the NW. angle of Providence co. R. I. CHEPOOSEA, r. La. which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 90 6 W. lat. 36 16 N. CHER AW, v. Darlington district, S. C.; 240 m. from W. CHERAW HILLS, S. C. on W. side of the Great Pedee ; 10m. NW. from Greenville. CHEROKEE CORNER, v. Oglethorpe co. Geo. ; 8i m. from Athens, 675 from W. CHERRITON, t. Howard co. Missouri Ter ritory, on the N. bank of the Missouri, 20 m. W. from Franklin. CHEERY, t. Wayne co. Pa. CHERRY CREEK rises at the foot of the Blue Mountain on the N. side in Northampton co. Pa. near the Windgap, and running ENE. along the foot of the mountain, falls into the Delaware, at its entrance into the Watergap. It is not navigable, is rapid, and has several mills erected on it. CHERRYFIELD, t. Washington co. Me. 30 m. W. from Machias. Pop. 583. CHERRY GROVE, t. St. Clair co. II. ; 59 m. SW. from Vandalia> 232 CHE CHE CHERRY PLAINS, v. Wake co. N. C.; 308 m. from W. CHERRY RIDGE, t. Wayne co. Pa. CHERRYSTONE, a port of Va. CHERRYTREE, t. Venango co. Pa. CHERRYTON, s-p. of the Eastern Shore, Northampton co. Va. CHERRYVILLE, t. Rapides parish, La. CHERRYVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa.; 212 m. from W. CHERRY VALLEY, t. Otsego co. N. Y.; 14 m. NE. from Coopcrstown, 53 W. from Al bany, 384 from W. Pop. 4,098. Here is a large, handsome, and finely situated village, which contains an academy, a meeting-house, a printing-office, and has considerable trade. The 1st, 2d, and 3d Western Turnpikes meet here, and are intersected by other large roads. CHESADAWD LAKE, N. America, about 210 m. NE. by E. of the E. end of Slave Lake, in the Hudson Bay Company s territory. CHESAPEAKE BAY, of United States, n the states of Virginia and Maryland, and one of the largest in the known world. Its entrance is between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, 12 m. wide, and it extends 270 m. to the northward, dividing Virginia and Mary land. It is from 7 to 20 in. broad, and gene rally as much as 9 fathoms deep; affording many commodious harbors, and a safe and easy navigation. It receives the waters of the Susquehannah, Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James rivers, which are all large and navigable. CHESAPEAKETOWN, v. Cecil co. Md. ; 100 m. from W. CHESHIRE TOWNSHIP, Gallia co. Ohio. CHESHIRE, co. SW. part of N. H. bound ed N. by Grafton co. E. by Hillsborough co. S, by Massachusetts, and W. by Vermont. Chief towns, Charlcstown, Keene, and Walpole. Pop. 27,016. CHESHIRE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 17 m. NNE. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston, 404 from W. Pop. 1,049. It has a manufactory of window glass, and is celebrated for its ex cellent cheese. CHESHIRE, t. New Haven, co. Ct ; 15 m N. from New Haven, 318 from W. Pop. 1,764. It contains a respectable Episcopal academy, which has a principal and a professor of lan guages. The anniversary is held on the first Wednesday in October. CHESNUT RIDGE, mt. which extends from Maryland NE. through Fayette and Westmoreland cos. Pa. CHESNUT CREEK, branch of the Ken- hawa in S. part of Va. CHESNUT HILL, t. Northampton co. Pa on N. side of Blue Mountain. CHESNUT HILL, t. Stafford co. N. H. ; 58 from Concord. CHESNUT HILL, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. 8 m. N. from Philadelphia. CHESNUT HILL, t. Orange co. Va. ; 40 m. NW. from Richmond. CHESNUT HILL, v. Jackson co. Geo. CHESNUT HILL, t. Hall co. Geo.; 80 in NNW. from Milledgeville. CHESNUT HILL, a township in North ampton co. Pa. CHESTER, t. Windsor co. Vt; 16 m.SW. from Windsor, 447 from W. Pop. 2,320. Here s an academy. CHESTER, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on E. side of the Merrimack and Manchester ; 6 m NE. from Londonderry, 25 SSE. from Con cord, 31 W. from Portsmouth, 48 N. from Boston. Pop. 2,039. It is a considerable town, and of large extent. Rattle Snake Hill in this town is a great curiosity. Its diameter is half a mile, its form circular, and its height 400 feet. On the S. side there is a dreary cave, called the Devil s Den, with a narrow apartment 15 or 20 feet square, the flooring and ceiling of which are formed by a regular rock. From the wall hang numerous excrescences resembling pears, which, on the approach of a torch, emit a lustre with innumerable hues. CHESTER, New, t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 16 m. S. from Plymouth, 527 from W. Pop. 1,090. CHESTER, v. Middlesex co. Ct. on W. side of the Connecticut; 6 m. below Haddam. CHESTER, t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 20 m. NW. from Springfield, 120 W. from Boston, 387 from W. Pop. 1,406. CHESTER, t. Warren co. N. Y. E. of the Hudson ; 90 m. N. from Albany, 439 from W. Pop. 1,284. CHESTER, East, t. Westchester co. N. Y. ; 4 m. E. of the Hudson, 40 N. from N. York, 243 from W. Pop. 1,300. CHESTER, t. Morris co. N. J. CHESTER, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 1,839. CHESTER, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, in Mahone Bay, 25 m. from Windsor. CHESTER, t. Geauga co. Ohio. CHESTER, t. Knox co. Ohio. CHESTER, r. W. Florida, runs into Pen- sacola Bay. CHESTER, v. in Goshen, Orange co.N. Y.; 115 m. from Albany. CHESTER, co. Pa. ; bounded by Md. SW. Lancaster W. Berks NW. Montgomery NE. and Delaware co. and the state of Delaware SE. Length about 38 m. ; mean width 19 J ; area 732 sq. ms. The western part towards Lancaster co. is hilly, and even mountainous, whilst those sections skirting Maryland and Delaware, though not level, are much less ele vated than the W. and NW. parts of the co. The centre is drained by the sources of the Brandy wine, Chester, Ridley, and some smaller creeks entering Delaware river. The staples are numerous, consisting of every article of agricultural production suitable to the climate. Chief town, West Chester. Pop. 50,908. CHESTER, bor. on Delaware river, Dela ware co. Pa. 15 m. SW. from Philadelphia. Pop. 700. This is a very ancient town, and was the seat of the first legislature after the arrival of William Penn, but has long been stationary in point of growth. CHE CHI 233 CHESTER, river of the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Kent co. in Delaware ; rises in the latter, and flowing nearly SW. into the former, separates Queen Anne and Kent cos. and falls into the Chesapeake Bay at Love Point. CHESTER, dist. of S. C. on Wateree river ; bounded by Fairfield S. Broad river or Union W. York N. Catawba river or Lancaster E. Length 22, width 18 m. ; area about 400 sq. ms. Surface pleasantly diversified by hill and dale, and well watered. Soil of middling quality. Staples, grain, tobacco, live stock, &c. Chief town, Chesterville. Pop. 19,182. CHESTER, t. and cap. Chester district, S. C. ; 22 m. from Pinckney C. H. 58 NW. from Co lumbia. CHESTER, t. Wayne co. Ohio, NW. from Wooster. CHESTER, t. Shenandoah co. Va. ; 20 m. SSW. from Winchester. CHESTER, t. Cumberland co. Va. on SW. bank of James river ; 6 m. S. from Richmond. CHESTER, Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,254. CHESTER GAP, pass, over the Blue Mountains, in Virginia ; 16 m. SE. from Win Chester. CHESTER RIDGE, mountains, Pa. in which iron and lead ores are found ; 140 m. WNW. from Philadelphia. CHESTERFIELD, co. Va.; bounded N. by James river, which separates it from Hen- rico co. E. and S. by the Appomatox, and W. by Powhatan co. The C. H. is 12 m. SSW. from Richmond, 138 from W. Pop. 18,637. Chief town, Manchester. CHESTERFIELD, district, N. part S. C. Pop. 8,472. CHESTERFIELD, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on E. side of the Connecticut, opposite Dum- merston; 11 m. WSW. from Keene, 100 W. from Portsmouth, 435 from W. Pop. 2,046. It contains a cotton manufactory, and an academy. CHESTERFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 15 m. WNW. from Northampton, 105 W. from Boston, 398 from W. Pop. 1,417. CHESTERFIELD, t. Essex county, N. Y. bounded N. by Sable river, and E. by Lake Champlain; 18 m. S. from Plattsburg, 497 from W. Pop. 1,671. Adgate s Falls, on Sable river, in this town, is a cataract of 80 ft. The channel has perpendicular walls on each side, 1 mile long, and nearly 100 feet high, and as regular as a work of art. There is a bridge across this channel 96 feet above the water. In the SW. part of the town there is a cavern in which ice is found throughout the year. Iron ore abounds in this town. CHESTERFIELD, t. St. Lawrence co. N.Y. CHESTERFIELD, t. Burlington co. N. J Pop. 1,839. CHESTERFIELD INLET, an inlet ex tending about 200 m. westward from the N end of Hudson s Bay. The entrance to the in let is in lat. 63 30 N. Ion. 90 40 W. Its mean breadth is about 15 m. CHESTER FACTORY, t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 7 m. SE. from Chester. 2E CHESTERFIELD, Key, N. side of the island of Cuba. CHESTERTOWN, port of entry and cap. Kent co. Md. on Chester r. about 14 m. from its confluence with the Chesapeake, 45 ESE. from Baltimore, 77 SW. from Philadelphia, 80 from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting-house, about 150 houses, and has some trade. Washington College, which was incorporated in 1782, is in this town, and a handsome brick building 180 feet long, and 3 stories high, has been erected, but the institution has never assumed the form of a college, and the building is appropriated to the accommodation of a Latin and an English school. CHESTERVILLE, t. Kent co. Md. ; 66 m. NE. from Annapolis. CHESTERVILLE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. ; 30 m. NW. from Augusta, 637 from W. Pop. 923. CHESUNCOOK, lake, Me. ; 10 or 15 m. NE. from Moosehead lake. The western and main branch of the Penobscot passes through it. It is one of the largest lakes in Maine. CHETIMACHES, lake of Louisiana, be- twecn the Atchafalaya and Teche rivers, is about 40 m. in length, with a breadth of from 1 to 6 m. It is shallow, and environed by a low, annually inundated and uninhabited coun. try. At high water, it communicates in every direction with the Atchafalaya, and in aL sea sons, at its SE. extremity, with the Teche r. CHEVIAUX, Point aux, on the N. shore of Lake Ontario, and to the E. of the river Gana- rasha, U. Canada. CHEVROTIERE, r. Canada, falls into the St Lawrence from the N. 40 m. above Quebec. CHEWS, r. Maryland, which runs into the Chesapeake. CHIANTLA, t. Mexico, 40 m. SW. from Peubla de los Angelos. CHI APA, province, Guatimala, bounded W. by Oaxaca, S. by Guatimala, E. by Vera Paz and Yucatan, N. by Vera Cruz. CHIAPA DOS ESPAGNOS, or Ciudad Real, cap. of the above province, 300 m. NW. from Guatimala. Lon. 93 23 W. ; lat. 17 N. Pop. 3,000. Its principal commerce is in co coa-nuts, cotton, wool, sugar, and cochineal. CHIAPA DE LOS INDIOS, the largest Indian town in Guatimala, in the NW. ex- tremity of the country, on the isthmus of Te- huantepec, about half way between the gulf of Mexico and the Pacific ocean. It has about 20,000 Indian inhabitants, who are rich and enjoy many privileges. Lon. 93 53 W. ; lat. 17 5 N. CHIAPA-EL-REAL, t. in N. America, in the province of its own name, with a bishop s see. Its principal trade consists in cocoa-nuts, cotton, and sugar. Lon. from W. 16 10 W.; lat. 17 10 N. CHICAGO, r. or arm of lake Michigan, at its S. end, in Illinois. A mile from the lake it divides into two channels ; the N. channel ex tends along the W. side of the lake, about 30 m. ; the S. is only 6 m. long, and affords a se cure harbor for vessels of almost any burden, 234 CHI CHI but has a bar at its mouth with only two feet water. This obstruction might be easily re- inoved, and the harbor rendered accessible. The portage from Chicago river to the Des Planes, one of the two branches of Illinois r. is 9 m. and is so low as often to be covered with water and passed in boats. A canal here is contemplated, and could be made with little expense, which would open a water communi cation between the Great Lakes and the Mis sissippi, through the Illinois. Haifa mile from the mouth of the Chicago, is Fort Dearborn, CHICAPEE, r. Mass, which rises in Wor cester co. and runs SW. into the Connecticut, in the N. part of Springfield. CHICCAMAGGA, r. Ten. which runs into the Tennessee, 6 m. above the whirl. CHICHESTER, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 45 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,084. CHICKAPEE, v. in the SE. part of Hamp- den co. Mass. 95 m. SW. by W. from Boston. CHICKAMAUGAH CREEK, r. which rises in Georgia, runs through a part of Cher okee country, and flows into the Tennessee, a few miles above Lookout mountain. A dis trict of country through which it flows is call ed by the same name, and contains the new missionary station, Brainerd. CHICKASAW, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wabash, below Vincennes. CHICKASAW, r. in the NW. part of Ten which runs W. into the Mississippi. CHICKASAW BLUFFS, four in number on the E. side of the Mississippi, in Mis. The upper bluff is 176 m. below the mouth of the Ohio ; it is between 200 and 300 feet high, and extends 2 m. on the river. The other three occur at the successive distances of 11, 21 and 32 m. apart. CHICKASAWHAY, v. Mississippi, 50 m, W. from St. Stephens. CHICKASAWHAY, r. Mis. which flows S, near E. side of the state, and joins the Pasca- goula, about 40 m. from its mouth. CHICKHOAMINY, r. Va. which runs into the James r. 6 m. NW. from Jamestown. It is navigable for boats 30 m. CHICKISALUNGO, r. Pa. which runs into the Susquehannah, a little above Columbia. CHIDLEY, cape, on the NE. coast of La brador, has Davis Straits NE. and the bay of Ungava SW. Lon. from W. 12 10 E. ; lat. 60 12 N. CHIFUNCTE, r. La. in St. Tammany, has its source in the N. part of that parish, flowing 6SE. 50 m. falls into lake Ponchartrain N. from New Orleans. There is water at the mouth of the Chifuncte sufficient to admit vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet, as far as the mouth of the Bogue Falaya. CHIGNECTE, bay of Nova Scotia, the NW. arm of the bay of Fundy. CHIHEMECOMET, or Chickminock-cumi- nock, island, on the coast of N. C. near Roan- oke Island. CHIHUAHUA, state of, one of the states of the republic of Mexico, bounded by Duran- go, Sonoray Sinaloa, and Coahuila y Texas Capital, Chihuahua. N. lat. 28 and Ion. 28 W. from W. intersect, according to Tanner s nap of Mexico, about 75 m. SW. from the city of Chihuahua. A very great deficiency of water, is the most serious impediment to the general population of this part of America, and s one of the many traits of resemblance be- ,ween central N. America and central Asia. The seasons of what was the Provincias In-, ternas, now the northern states of Mexico, lave winters of excessive rigor, even more so than can be accounted for, either from latitude or elevation of surface. CHIHUAHUA, city, capital of the state of ;he same name, in the republic of Mexico, sit uated near the river Conchos, a branch of Rio- grand-del Norte, in the province of New Bis cay. It is the capital of the Internal Prov inces, and environed by some very rich mines. Pop. 12,000. Lat. 28 50 N. ; Ion. 27 20 W. from W. CHILESBURG, v. Caroline co. Va. 68 m. S. from W. CHILI, t. Monroe co. N. Y. between Black creek and Genesee river, 10 m. SW. from Ro chester. Pop. 2,010. CHILLICOTHE, t. and cap. Ross co. Ohio, and the second town in size in the state, on the W. bank of the Scioto, 45 m. in a direct line, and 70 by water from its mouth, 45 m. S. from Columbus, 70 SW. from Zanesville, 93 E. by N. from Cincinnati. Lon. 5 20 W. from W. ; lat. 39 14 N. Pop. 2,846. It is laid out on an elevated plain between Paint creek and the Scioto. The streets are spacious, and cross each other at right angles. It contains a court house and jail, a market-house, 2 printing-offi ces, 3 banks, including the branch bank of the United States, 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Seceders, and 1 for Methodists, and an academy. In the town and vicinity are many valuable mills and man ufactories. The situation is favorable, and every way delightful ; but yet it did not flour ish, until the grand canal was cut through the town, since which it has received a new im pulse towards prosperity, promising that it will attain the importance to which its fortunate position entitles it. In the midst of this town formerly stood one of the most interesting mounds of the cone-shaped form. In levelling it for the purpose of building lots, great quan tities of human bones were found in it. CHILLISQUAQUE, or Chilisguage, town, Northumberland co. Pa. It lies between the E. and W. branches of the Susquehannah, and is watered by a river of the same name, which flows into the W. branch of the Susquehannah, 6 m. above Northumberland. CHILMARK, t. Duke s co. Mass, on SW. end of Martha s Vineyard, 12 m. W. by S. from Edgartown, 90 S. from Boston. Pop. 691. CHILNUCOOK, or Grand Lake, lake, Me. at the head of the St. Croix. CHILO, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 95 m. SW. from Columbus. CHILPANZINCO, city of Mexico, situated on the S. slope of Analuac, 3,542 feet above the level of the ocean, surrounded by beautiful fields of wheat and orchards, on the road from CHI CHO 235 Mexico to Acapulco. Lat. 17 40 N.; Ion. 22 20 W. from W. CHIMALAPA, small river of Mexico, in Oajaca, which flows S. into the Gulf of Tehu- an tepee. CHINA, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 25 m. NE. from Hallowell. Pop. 2,234. It contains an academy, a social library, and 2 houses of pub lic worship, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Friends. It was taken from Harlem, Fairfax, and Wins- low, in 1818. CHINA, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,387. CHINA GROVE, t. Georgetown district, S. C. 461 m. from W. CHINCHANCHI, v. Mexico, 10 m. N. from Merida. CHINE, La, v. L. C. on the island of Mon treal, 7 m. above the city. It is the centre of all the commerce between Upper and Lower Canada. Here the boats of the N. W. company commence their voyage for the interior coun try of America. It is intended to cut a canal from La Chine to Montreal, by which a direct communication with the city will be opened, and the difficult passage of the rapid of St. Louis avoided. CHINGOTEAGUE, small isl. in the Atlan tic, near the coast of Virginia. Lon. 75 20 W. ; lat. 37 46 N. CHINGOTEAGUE INLET, narrow chan nel between two islands, near the coast of Vir ginia, Lon. 75 42 W. ; lat. 27 52 N. CHINNOOK, r. N. America, which flows into the Columbia, near its mouth. CHINNOOK INDIANS, N. A. on the Chin- nook and Columbia. No. 400. CHIPOOK CREEK, r. Virginia, which runs into James river. CHIPPEWAN, mountains of N. America. This great chain is the principal spine of that continent, and by various names, extends from the isthmus of Darien to the Frozen ocean, through 60 of latitude, or 4,150 m. In Mex ico, it is known by the general term Anahuac. Farther N. the Spaniards designate it as the mountains of New Mexico. In the U. S. it is known as the Rocky mountains. In Cabotia, or British America, by its true native name Chippewan, or Chippewyan. In Mexico and Guatimala, it rises into volcanic summits, ele vated far above the regions of perpetual snow. Popocatepetl, Citlaltepetl, or Peak d Orizaba, Pico Frailes, and Coffrede Perote, all rise above 13,500 feet. In the U. S. the elevation of this chain remains undetermined, but must be con siderable, from the length and rapidity of the streams flowing from its opposite sides. CHIPPEWAY, small r. or creek, Lincoln co. U. C. falls into Niagara river, at the village of Chippeway. CHIPPEWAY, v. Lincoln co. U. C. on Ni agara r. 10 m. above Queenston, 2 above Ni agara falls. Chippeway creek runs into the Niagara at this place. The battle of Chippe way, July 5, 1814, was fought in the plain, on the S. side of this creek. CHIPPEWAY, t. Beaver co. Pa. CHIPPEWAY, r. NW. Territory, rung into the Mississippi at lake Pepin, in Ion. 93 54 W. ; lat. 43 45 N. There is a short portage between this river and the Montreal, a water of Lake Superior. CHIPPEWAY, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m; NE. from Wooster. CHIPPEWAYS, or Sauteurs, Indians, one of the most numerous and powerful tribes in N. America. About 5,700 of them dwell on Saganaw bay, in Michigan Territory ; the re mainder are scattered in petty bands along the N. border of the U. S. They maintain a per- petual war with the Sioux. CHIPPEWYAN, Fort, N. America, at the SW. end of Athapescow lake. Lon. 111 W.; lat. 58 40 N. CHISHOLM S STORE, t. Montgomery co. N. C. 130 m. SW. from Raleigh. CHISWELL, isles off the NW. coast of N. America, group lying near the mainland, be tween cape Elizabeth and Montague island. Lon. from W. 71 4 W.; lat. 59 33 N. CHITTENANGO, t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 m. W. from Utica. CHITTENDEN, co. W. side of Vt. bound ed N. by Franklin co. E. by Washington, S. by Addison, W. by lake Champlain. Pop. 21,775. Chief town, Burlington. CHITTENDEN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 30 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 610. CHITTENHAM, t. Montgomery co. Pa. CHITTENINGO, r. N. Y. which rises in Cazenovia and runs into Oneida lake ; 25 m. long. CHOCOLATE, r. NW. Territory, runs in to lake Superior, 21 m. W. from La Train r. CHOCONUT, creek, Susquehannah co. Pa. flows north-easterly into N. York, and falls into the Susquehannah river, a short distance below Chenango Point. CHOCTAW, r. which rises in Alabama, and passes through West Florida, running into St. Rosa bay. CHOCTAW, or Choctahatchee, r. Florida, which rises in Alabama and discharges its waters into St. Rosa Sound, at the NE. ex tremity. CHOICE S STORE, t. Gwinnet co. Geo. ; 146 m. NW. from Milledgeville. CHOLULA, city, of Mexico, in Puebla ; 60 m. SE. by E. from Mexico. Pop. 16,000. Lat, 19 15 N. CHOLULA, ancient republic of Mexico, corresponding nearly to the district appertain ing to the present city of Cholula. CHOMONCHOUAN, lake, Canoda ; 219 m. NW. from Quebec. Lon. 75 40 W. lat. 39 20 N. CHONA, ancient pyramid of Mexico, in Puebla. It is 177 feet high. Lon. 21 20 W. from W. lat. 19 2 N. CHOPTANK, r. which rises in Delaware, and runs through Md. into Chesapeake Bay, S. of Tilghman s Island. CHOPUNNISH, r. Missouri Territory, a branch of the Kooskooshee, in the Rocky Mountains. Lon. 113 W. lat. 46 30 N. CHOTA, v. Blount co. Ten. 236 CHO CIN CHOWAN, r. N. C. formed by the union of 3 rivers in the state of Virginia, which runs into Albemarle Sound. CHOWAN, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. 6,688. Chief town, Edenton. Lat. 36 10 N. Ion. 20 E. from W. CHRIST-CHURCH, parish in Charleston district, S. C. CHRISTIAN, co. of Ken. on Cumberland river ; bounded by Tennessee S. Caldwell SW. Hopkins and Miihlenberg N. and Logan E. Length 42, mean width 25 m. Chief town, Hopkinsville. Pop. 12,694, CHRISTIANA, hundred, in N. end of New castle co. Delaware. Within it are the towns of Wilmington and Newport. CHRISTIANA, r. Delaware, which rises in Pa. unites with the Brandywine, and flows into the Delaware. It is navigable for vessels drawing 14 feet of water to Wilmington, for those drawing 9 feet to Newport, and for those drawing 6 feet to Christiana-Bridge. Length 20m. CHRISTIANA, or Christiana-Bridge, t. Newcastle co. Delaware, on the Christiana; 9 m. SW. from Wilmington, 36 SW. from Philadelphia, 100 from W. It has about 50 houses. CHRISTIANSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. on the Meherrin, 251 m. from W. CHRISTIAN SOUND, a large arm of the Pacific ocean, N. of Cape Decision. Lon. 225 50 E. lat. 56 13 N. CHRISTIANSBURG, t. and seat of justice, Montgomery co. Va. 40 m. SW. from Fincas- tle, and 220 SW. by W. from Richmond. Lat. 37 14 N. Ion. 3 12 W. from W. CHRISTOPHER, St. or St. Kitt s, one of the Leeward Islands in the W. Indies, 60 m. W. of Antigua. It was formerly inhabited by the French and English; but, in 1713, it was ceded to the latter. It is 20 m. in breadth, and 7 in length, and has high mountains in the middle, whence rivulets flow, which are of great use to the inhabitants. It was taken by the French in 1782, but restored the next year. Basseterre is the capital. CHUM CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Chesapeake, Ion. 76 14 W. lat. 39 22 N. CHUN S STORE, t. Jefferson co. Ten. ; 200 m. E. from Murfreesborough. CHURCH CREEK, t. Dorchester co. Md. ; 7 m. SW. from Cambridge. CHURCH FORT, on Hudson s Bay, at the mouth of Church-hill river. Lat. 59 N. Ion. 17 W. from W. CHURCH HILL, v. Abbeville district, S. C. CHURCH HILL, v. Spartanburg district, S. C. ; 544 m. from W. CHURCH HILL, t. Queen Ann s co. Md. ; 9 m. NE. from Centreville, 85 SW. from Phil adelphia, 80 from W. CHURCHILL, Cape, in Hudson s Bay. Lon. 95 5 W. lat. 58 54 N. CHURCHILL RIVER, Missinnippi, or English River, r. N. America, which falls into Hudson s Bay, in lat. 59 N. at Churchill Fort. CHURCH TRACT, t Allegheny co. N. Y. CHURCH ISLAND, small isl. in Curri- tuck Sound, near the coast of N. C. CHURCHTOWN, t. Lancaster co. Pa.; 30 m. ENE. from Lancaster, 50 WNW. Phila delphia, 137 from W. CHURCHVILLE, v. Middlesex co. Va.; 80 m. NE. by E. from Richmond. CHYENNE, or Chayenne, r. La. which runs into the Missouri, 1,310 m. from the Missis sippi. CICERO, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on SW. side of Oneida Lake ; 57 m. W. from Utica. Pop. 1,808. CINALOA, formerly a province of Mexico, but now forming the S. part of the intendency of Sonora. CINALOA, t. Mexico, on Cinaloa river, which falls into the Gulf of California. Lat. 25 50 N. CINCINNATI, a large commercial city and capital of Hamilton co. Ohio, near the SW. corner of the state, on the N. bank of the Ohio river, 20 m. above the mouth of the Great Mi ami, 93 W. by S. from Chillicothe, 175 NE. from Louisville, 102 NNE. from Frankfort, 465 below Pittsburg by water. Lon. 7 25 W. from W. lat. 39 6 N. It is regularly laid out, in a pleasant and healthy situation, the streets crossing each other at right angles. The growth of Cincinnati has been rapid, almost without a parallel. In 1800, the popu lation was 500; in 1810, 2,540; in 1815, it was estimated at 6,500 ; in 1820, it was 9,642, and in 1830, it was 26,515. Its position is a beautiful vale, twelve miles in circumference created by an eliptical sweep of Ohio hills. Such of these eminences as have not been laid bare by the unsparing hand of progressive im provement, are beautifully wooded to their summits ; and, by the swell and indentation of their waving outline, present to the view of the beholder the most graceful and charming forms. From the summit of any of these hills, the town is distinctly presented to the eye, and spreads a panoramic map of exquisite beauty and variety. Cincinnati is the most flourish ing commercial town in the west, except New Orleans : and furnishes perhaps the most sig nal example of that spirit and capacity for im provement, which result from the existence of free institutions, and are destined to fill the Mis sissippi valley with a teeming population. Seven of the streets are 66 feet wide, and 396 apart, in tersected by streets of the same width and dis tance at right angles. One entire square, and the fraction of another, are reserved in central parts of the city for public buildings. The city buildings cover an irregular area nearest the form of a parallelogram. The central parts are compactly built with houses and stores that would ornament any town. The most showy quarters are Main, Broadway, and Fourth-street, westward from its intersection with Main. Pearl-street nearly completed, leading from the lower Market to Walnut-st. is composed of uniform buildings, terminated by a magnificent hotel, five stories high, and will add greatly to the beauty of that part of the city. The public buildings are a court- CIN CIN 237 CINCINNATI AND ITS ENVIRONS. house, jail, four market-houses, one of them 500 feet in length, the Bazaar, U. S. Branch Bank, the Cincinnati College, the Catholic Athenaeum, the Medical College, for which a second spacious and commodious building is being erected, the Mechanics Institute, Thea tre, and a second one now being erected, two Museums, the Hospital and Lunatic Asylum, and the Woodward High School in the pro gress of erection. Some other public build ings are in contemplation. Beside these, there are 24 churches, great and small. Of these the Second Presbyterian church is the hand somest, the exterior being of agreeable archi tecture, and the interior decidedly beautiful. The Unitarian church is a singularly neat one. The interior of the Catholic church is striking. The first and third Presbyterian churches are spacious buildings, as the new Methodist church will be when completed. A very neat Baptist church is nearly completed. Some of the other churches make a respectable appear ance. There are many fine blocks of stores on Front and Main streets, and the eye is arrested by many beautiful private habitations. Architectural taste is daily becoming more en lightened and agreeable. The dull red of the brick walls is giving way to more pleasing shades between white and green ; and a beau tiful stucco imitating marble and granite is getting into fashion. The number of substan tial buildings added annually to the city for three years past averages 450. It has already become a great manufacturing town, and is constantly becoming more so. Our limits pre clude details ; but all the substantial manu factures known in our country are carried on to a greater or less extent. The manufactures in iron are very great, particularly in the arti cle of heavy castings, and all sorts of machi nery driven by steam. Of such establishments there are 9 or 10, and some of them on a great ecale. The next most extensive article is cabi net work. Steam-boat building is a great item. Hatting is pursued to a great extent. It is believed that the city contains at least 40 manufacturing establishments driven by steam. There are two fire companies, and 34 charita ble societies, and 25 religious societies, in which most of the religious opinions of Chris tendom are represented, and whose mutual watchfulness of each other educes concord from jealousy, by hindering the hurtful pre dominance of any one of them, and enabling each to pursue its respective interests unmo lested and in peace. Though the imperfect filling out of the magnificent plan of the city, the cumbering of the streets with timber, stone, bricks, and mortar, and the inconvenience of actual building present an image of crudeness and immaturity, it needs little spirit of prophe cy to predict from the past to the future, that this city, which will be shortly central to more than two millions of inhabitants, which pre sents the greatest variety of models in the the ories and imaginings of strangers from all parts of the world, which evolves the germs of emulation and rivalry to a fault, and which abounds in provisions, natural wealth, fuel, and ah 1 the materials of building, and which is moreover a healthy town, will, in the course of a few years, vie in beauty and population with the first towns in the Union. The buildings of the Cincinnati Manufac turing Company, on the bank above Deer creek, are numerous and extensive ; the main edifice is 150 feet long, from 20 to 37 feet wide, and from two to four stories high. The most capacious, elevated and perma nent building in this place, is the Steam Mill, rected in the years 1812, 13, and 14 on the river beach, upon a bed of horizontal lime-stone rocks, and in high floods is for its whole length exposed to the current The founda tion is 62 by 87 feet, and about 10 feet thick. Its height is 110 feet, and the number of sto- 238 CIN CLA ries 9, including 2 above the eaves. To the height of 40 feet, the wall is battered or drawn in ; above, it is perpendicular. The cornice is of brick, and the roof of wood, in the common style. It has 24 doors and 90 win dows. The lime-stone with which it was built was quarried at various places in the bed of the river, and measures in the wall 6,620 perches. Besides this, it swallowed up 90,000 bricks, 14,800 bushels of lime, and 81,200 cubic feet of timber. Its weight is estimated at 15,655 tons. Through the building there is a wall dividing each story into two unequal apartments, the one designed for manufactur ing flour, the other for receiving wool and cot- ton machinery, a flax-seed oil-mill, fulling-mill, and several other machines. CINCINNATUS, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y.; 14 m. SE. from Homer, 140 W. from Albany, 354 from W. Valuable iron ore is found here. CINTHIANA, t. and cap. Harrison co. Ken. on a branch of the Licking river, 13 m. N. from Paris, 24 N. from Lexington. Pop. in 1810, 369. It contains a bank, academy, court house, and jail. CIRCLEVILLE, v. and seat of justice in Pickaway co. Ohio, on the E. side of Scioto river, in Ion. 5 5 , W. from W. lat. 39 36 N. 26 m. below Columbia. Pop. 1,136. It derives its name from some ancient works in a rude circular form, on the site of which it is situated. The adjacent country is amongst the most fertile of the Ohio valley. CITY POINT, v. Prince George co. Va. on the S. side of James river, at the junction of the Appomatox ; 100 m. above Hampton Roads, 12 E. from Petersburg, 25 SE. from Richmond, 158 from W. Lon. 77 32 W. lat. 37 18 N. James river is navigable to this place for large ships, which come up here to load. CLACKAMUS, r. Oregon Territory, joins the Wallaumut. CLAIBORNE, co. Ten. between Clinch and Powell s rivers; bounded by Va. N. by Hawkins co. Ten. E. Clinch river, or Granger, and Knox SE. and Powell s river, or Camp bell, NW. Length 40 m. mean width 10. Chief town, Tazewell. Pop. 8,470. CLAIBORNE, co. Miss.; bounded NW. by Mississippi and Big-black rivers, and S. by Jefferson. Length 32 m. mean width 12. Chief town, Gibson-port. Pop. 9,818. CLAIBORNE, Fort, t. on the left bank of Alabama river, in Monroe co. Ala. at the head of schooner navigation, 25 m. E. from Fort St. Stephens. CLAIR, St. a lake of N. America, between the lakes Huron and Erie, 90 m. in circum ference. It receives the waters of the lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron, and also of the river Thames, from U. Canada, in the lat. of 42 32 N. and discharges them, through the strait called Detroit, into the lake Erie. CLAIR, St. a county in the state of Illinois, the W. side of which borders on the Missis sippi river, in lat. 38 30 N. Pop. 7,092 Chief town, Belleville. CLAREMONT, t. Sullivan co. N. H. on E. side of the Connecticut; 11 m. N. by E. from harlestown, 24 N. from Walpole, 25 S. by W. from Dartmouth College, 47 W. by N. from Concord, 466 from W. Pop. 2,526. The principal village is pleasantly situated on Su gar river, 4 m. E. of the Connecticut, and con- tains 2 handsome meeting-houses, 1 for Con- gregationalists, and 1 built jointly by Metho dists and Universalists, a paper-mill, and seve ral other valuable mills. There s an Episco pal church 2 m. W. of this village CLARENCE, or Wittink, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on the Tonnewanta ; 280 m. W. fi-om Albany, 412 from W. CLARENCE, Duke of, straits, on the NW. coast of N. America, between Duke of York and Prince of Wales Islands ; and between Prince of Wales Island and Point Barry. Lon 56 W. from W. lat. 56^> 30 N. CLARENDON, t. Rutland co. Vt.30 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,585. CLARENDON, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 13 m. W. from Rochester, S. from Erie canal, and SE. from Batavia. CLARIDON, v. Geauga co. Ohio; 270 m. NE. from Columbus. Pop. 588. CLARK, t. Clinton co. Ohio. CLARK, t. Brown co. Ohio. CLARK, co. II. on the waters of Kaskaskia and Little Wabash. Pop. in 1820, 931 ; in 1830, 3,940. CLARK, co. Ark. boundaries and area un certain. Pop. in 1820, 1,040 ; in 1830, 1,369. CLARK, C. H. Clarke co. II 110 m. NE from Vandalia. CLARKE, C. H. Clarke co. Ark. 75 m. from Little Rock. CLARKE, co. In. bounded by the Ohio r. SE., Harrison SW., Washington W. and NW., Jennings N., and Jefferson NE. Chief town, Charleston. Pop. 1320, 8,079 ; 1830, 10,719. CLARKE, co. Ken. bounded by Kentucky r. N., Madison and Fayette SW., Bourbon NW., Montgomery NE., and Estill SE. ; length 25 m. ; mean width 8. Chief town, Winchester. Pop. in 1820, 11,449 ; in 1830, 13,052. CLARKE, co. Geo. bounded by Jackson NW., Madison NE., Oglethorpe E., Greene S., and Morgan SW. ; length 21 m. ; mean width 11. Chief town, Athens. Pop. in 1820, 8,867 ; in 1830, 10,176, of whom 4,738 were people of color. CLARKE, co. Ala. bounded W. by Tombig- bee river, N. by Marengo, and E. by Monroe. Chief town, Jackson. Pop. in 1820, 5,839; in 1830, 7,584. CLARKESBOROUGH, Jackson co. Geo. on a branch of Oconee river, 10 m. S. from Jefferson. CLARKSBURG, t. Berkshire co. Mass, on Hoosack river, 33 m. NNW. from Lenox. Pop. in 1820, 274; in 1830, 315. CLARKSBURG, t. Montgomery co. Md. on the road from Washington city to Frederick- town, 25 m. from the former, and 15 from the latter place. CLARKSBURG, t. and seat of justice for CLA CLI 239 Harrison co. Va. on the right bank of the Mon- ongahela, 40 ms. SSW. from Morgantown. Lat. 39 18 N. ; Ion. from W. 3 20 W. CLARKSBURG, v. Habersham co. Geo. 140 m. NW. from Augusta. CLARKSBURG, v. Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. NW. from Chillicothe. CLARKSBURG, t. and seat of justice, Lewis co. Ken. on a creek of Ohio river, 25 m. by land NNW. from Washington, Ken. Lat 38 44 N.; Ion. from W. 6 10 W. CLARK S FORK, r. one of the great branch es of the Yellow-stone, falls into that stream from the S. about 100 m. above the mouth of Bighorn river. CLARKSON, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820,1,612; in 1830, 3,251. CLARK S RIVER, the great middle branch of Columbia r. rises in the Chippewan moun tains, interlocking with the sources of the Mis souri, flows SW. W. and NW. by a course of about 800 m. joins Lewis river, and forms the Columbia. CLARKSTOWN, t and seat of justice, Rockland co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 1,808 ; in 1830, 2,298. CLARKESVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Montgomery co. Ten. on the point of land formed by the junction of Cumberland and Red rivers, 45 m. by land below Nashville. Lat. 36 28 N. ; Ion. from W. 10 11 W. CLARKESVILLE, t. Clarke co. In. at the lower part of the rapids of Ohio. CLARKSVILLE, v. Clinton co. Ohio, 85 m. SW. from Columbus. CLARKSVILLE, Greene co. Pa. CLARKSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Pa. CLARKSVILLE, v. King and Queen co. Va. 50 ms. NE. from Richmond. CLARKSVILLE, v. Habersham co. Geo. 140 m. N. from Milledgeville. CLARKSVILLE, v Pike co. Miso. on Mis sissippi r. 83 m. NNW. from St. Charles, and 93 NNW. from St. Louis. CLARKSVILLE, v. Clark co. Ala. 12 m. NE. from St. Stephens. CL AVERACK, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 2,813 ; in 1830, 3,000. The village of the same name is situated 5 m. E. from Hudson. CLAY, co. Ken. on the head waters of Cum berland and Kentucky r. bounded by Knox co. SE., Rockcastle W., Madison, Estill, and Floyd E. ; length 50 m. mean width about 40, area 2,000 sq. ms. Chief town, Manchester. Pop. in 1820, 4,393 ; in 1830, 3,549. CLAY, C. H. Clay co. Miso. 286 m. up the Missouri r. above St. Charles, and 300 from St. Louis. CLAY-PONDS, light-house, on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. CLAYSVILLE, v. Washington co. Pa. on the U. S. turnpike road, 10 m. W. from the borough of Washington, 20 E. from Wheeling. This village contains 30 houses, in one street along the road. CLAYSVILLE, v. Harrison co. Ken. 48 m. NE. from Frankfort. CLAYTON, t. Perry co. Ohio, 8 m. E. from Somerset. Pop. 907. CLAYTON S STORE, v. Campbell co. Va. CLAYTONVILLE, v. Raburn co. Geo. 160 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. CLEAR CREEK, Ohio, empties into the Miami from the E. below Franklin. CLEAR CREEK, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 9 m. SW. from Lancaster. Pop. 1,174. CLEAR CREEK, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 144. CLEAR CREEK, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 309. CLEARFIELD, co. in the central part of Pa. on a creek which runs into the W. branch of the Susquehannah. Pop. in 1820, 2,342; in 1830, 4,803. Chief town, Clearfield. CLEARFIELD, t, and cap. Clearfield co. Pa. situated in the central part of the county, on the W. branch of the Susquehannah. CLERMONT, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 15 m. below Hudson, 45 below Alba ny. Pop. 1,203. The elegant country-seat of the late Robert R. Livingston is in this town. CLERMONT, co. SW. part of Ohio, on the Ohio r. Pop. 20,466. Chief town, Batavia. CLEVELAND, t. and cap. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on the mouth of Cuyahoga r. on Lake Erie, 54 m. NW. from Warren, 150 NE. from Columbus, 60 E. from Sandusky, 180 W. from Buffalo, 131 NW. from Pittsburg. During the late war, it was a depot of provisions ; and a place where many boats and lake craft were built ; and it is a noted point of embarkation on the lake. It is a growing place, having 4 churches, a court-house, jail, an academy, 180 houses, 40 stores, 9 groceries, 6 taverns, and 1,200 inhabitants. Lat. 41 31 N. ; Ion. from W. 4 44 W. The great Ohio canal here con nects with the lake. This town, intermediate between Buffalo and Cincinnati, and the depot of the vast amounts of merchandise destined E. and W. will not fail soon to become an im portant town. CLEVES, t. King George s co. Va. on the Rappahannock, 2 m. N. from Port Royal. CLEVES, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, at the N. bend of the Ohio, 16 m. W. from Cincinnati. CLIFFORD, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. CLINCH, r. Ten. rises in Va. and running SW. into Tennessee, unites with the Holston at Kingston to form the Tennessee r. It is navigable for boats 200 m. CLINCH MOUNTAIN, Ten. divides the waters of Clinch and Holston rivers. CLINTON, t Kennebeck co. Me. 26 m. N. from Augusta. Pop. 2,125. CLINTON, co. in the NE. part of N. Y. bounded N. by Canada, E. by Lake Champlain, S. by Essex co. and W. by Franklin co. Pop. in 1820, 12,070; in 1830, 19,344. Chief town, Plattsburg. It forms the NE. boundary of the state. CLINTON, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the Hudson r. below Hudson. Pop. 2,130. CLINTON, t. Buckingham co. L. C. CLINTON, v. Oneida co. N. Y. on Oriskan- ny creek, 9 m. WSW. from Utica. Hamilton 340 CLI COL college, near this village, was incorporated in 1812, and from the liberal support given ,by public and private patronage, is a flourishing institution. It is under the direction of a pres ident, 3 professors, and 2 tutors. The studies of which a knowledge is necessary in order to admission into the freshman class, are Virgil, Cicero s Select Orations, Greek Testament, and Vulgar Arithmetic. The following is the course of study : 1st year, Livy, five books, Adams Antiquities, GraDca Minora, Gresca Majora, Neilson s Exercises, Murray s Gram mar, Geography, Arithmetic, and Algebra; 2d year, Graeca Majora continued, Geography continued, Cicero de Oratore, Horace, Euclid, Webber s Mathematics, and Flint s Surveying; 3d year, Webber s Mathematics finished, En- field s Philosophy, Tacitus, Homer, Tyler s El ements of History, and Chemistry ; 4th year, Duncan s Logic, Locke on the Human Under standing, Paley s Moral Philosophy, Blair s Lectures, and Kaimes Elements of Criticism. For tuition each student pays for the first two years $21 per annum, for the other two years $30 per annum, room rent $9, and for board from $1,75 to $2. Commencement is held on the 4th Wednesday of August. There are 3 vacations; the 1st, from commencement, 6 weeks ; the 2d, from the 2d Wednesday in January, 3 weeks ; the 3d, from the 2d Wed nesday in May, 4 weeks. CLINTON, co. of Lincoln, U. C. on Lake Ontario. CLINTON, co. Ohio, on the waters of Little Miami, bounded by Warren W., Greene and Fayette N., Clinton E., Highland SE., and Brown S. ; length 22 m., mean width 18. Chief town, Wilmington. Pop. in 1820, 8,085; in 1830, 11,292. CLINTON, v. Parke co. In. on the right bank of Wabash r. Lat. 39 40 , Ion. from W. 10 20 W. CLINTON, v. Anderson co. Ten. on the right bank of Clinch r. 150 m. a little N. of E. from Murfreesborough. Lat. 36 5 , Ion. from W. 7 12 W. CLINTON, v. Samson co. N. C. about 70 m. S. from Raleigh. CLINTON, v. and seat of justice, Jones co. Geo. 22 m. W. from Milledgeville. Lat. 33 1 N. ; Ion. from W. 6 48 W. CLINTON HOLLOW, Dutches* co. N. Y. is situated between the townships of Rhine- beck and Poughkeepsie, and lies along Hudson river. The post-office is 90 m. S. from Albany. CLINTONVILLE, v. Onondago co. N. Y. 145 m. a little N. of W. from Albany. CLYDE, r. of Orleans co. Vt. which falls into Lake Memphremagog, at its SE. corner. CLYDE, v. on the great western canal, in Seneca co. N. Y. 18 m. NE. from Geneva, and 25 NW. from Auburn. CLYDE RIVER, of N. Y. formed by the outlet of Canandaigua Lake, and Mud creek. These two latter unite at Lyons, in Wayne co. CLYMER, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. COALMINES, v. Chesterfield co. Va. COALSMOUTH, v. Kenhawa co. Va. COATESVILLE, r. Chester co. Pa. COBBESSECONTE, r. Kennebeck co. Me. is formed of two branches which unite in Gar diner, and falls into the Kennebeck. COCHRANVILLE, Chester co. Pa. COCKE, co. E. Ten. bounded by N. C. SE., Sevier and Jefferson W., Jefferson N., Greene NE.; length 22 m., mean width 17. Chief town, Newport. Pop. in 1820, 4,892 ; in 1830, 6,048. CODORUS, t. York co. Pa. on the Codorus. COD S FERRY, v. Wabash co. II. COEYMANS, t. Albany co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 11 m. below Albany. Pop. 2,723, COFFEY S FERRY, v. Pulaski co. Ken. COHANZY, or Caesarea creek, N. J. rises in Salem co. and passing through Cumberland co. falls into Delaware river opposite Bombay Hook. It is navigable for vessels of 100 tons to Bridgeton, 20 m. from its mouth. COHASSET, s-p. Norfolk co. Mass. 25 m. E. from Dedham, 25 SE. from Boston. Pop. 1,229. Cohasset rocks, which have been fatal to many vessels, lie off this place, 3 m. from the shore. COITSVILLE, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. SE. from Warren. COKALAHISKIT, r. Oregon Ter. rises in the Rocky mountains, and, after a course of about 300 m. enters Clark s r. a branch of the Columbia, in Ion. 113 W., lat. about 47 N. COLCHESTER, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, at the mouth of Onion river, 5 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 1,489. COLCHESTER, t. New London co. Ct. 15 m. W. from Norwich, 25 SE. from Hartford. Pop. 2,083. Bacon Academy, in this town, was founded in 1801. Its funds are $30,000. It is a flourishing institution, and has annually about 90 scholars. The academy building is of brick, 75 feet by 34. COLCHESTER, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 21 m. S. from Delhi. Pop. 1,424. COLCHESTER, t Fairfax co. Va. on Oc- coquam creek, 4 m. above its confluence with the Potomac, 16 m. SW. from Alexandria, 106 N. from Richmond. The creek is navigable to this place for boats. COLD CREEK, Ohio, runs N. and falls into Sandusky bay, a little W. from Sandusky. Its source is a large spring in the township of Margaretta, covering an acre and a half of ground. A number of mills are erected on the creek. COLDENHAM, v. in Montgomery, Orange co. N. Y. COLD SPRING, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. at the bead of a small bay of Long Island Sound, and 38 m. from New York. COLD SPRING, v. Cape May co. N. J. COLD-SPRING COVE, near Burlington, N.J. COLD-STREAM MILLS, v. Hampshire co. Va. COLEBROOK, t. Coos co, N. H. 10 m. N. from Lancaster, 111 N. from Concord. Pop. 542. COLEBROOK, t Litchfield co. Ct. 18 m. COL COL 241 NNE. from Litchfield. Pop. 1,274. Here are iron-works, and several mills on Still river, a water of Farmington river. COLEBROOK DALE, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,046. COLERAINE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 5 m. NW. from Greenfield. Pop. 1,877. COLERAINE, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,088. COLERAINE, t. Bertie co. N. C. COLERAINE, v. Camden co. Geo. on the St. Mary s river, 30 m. above St. Mary s. COLERAINE, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 986. COLERAINE, t. Ross, co Ohio, 15 m. NE. from Chillicothe. COLERAINE, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Miami river, 15 m. above its junction with the Ohio. COLE RIVER, N. H. runs into Connecti cut river, at Walpole, COLE RIVER, Va. runs into the Kenhawa from the S. COLES, v. Woodford co. Ken. 13 m. from Lexington. COLESVILLE, v. Windsor co. N. Y. COLESVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va. COLIMA, a town of Mexico, in the inten- dency of Guadalaxara, on the frontiers of Val- ladolid ; it is seated at the foot of a volcanic mountain, about 300 m. due W. from the city of Mexico, upon the banks of a small river, about 30 m. above its entrance into the Pacific Ocean, in the lat. of 18 40 N. The inter vening- country between the town and the sea is very fertile. Pop. of the town, about 2,500. COLLETON, district S. C. bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and Charleston district SE., Beaufort SW., Barn well andOrangeburgh N W and part of Charleston NE. ; length 57 m., mean width 30. Staples, rice, cotton, and to bacco. Chief town, Waterborough. Pop. in 1820, 26,373 ; in 1830, 27,256. COLLINSBURG, Centre co. Pa. COLORADO, or Riviere Rouge, r. La. which runs into the Gulf of Mexico, 50 m. below New Orleans. COLUMBIA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Rensselaer eo. E. by Massachusetts, S. by Dutchess co. and W. by the Hudson. Pop. in 1820, 38,330 ; in 1830, 39,952. Chief town, Hudson. COLUMBIA, co. N. part of Georgia. Pop. 12,606, of whom 8,135 are blacks. Chief town, Applington. COLUMBIA, District of, see page 149. COLUMBIA, t Coos co. N. H. on E. side of the Connecticut, 19 m. N. from Lancaster, 570 from W. Pop. 442. COLUMBIA, t. Washington co. Maine, on Pleasant River, 18 m. SW. from Machias, 332 NE. from Boston, 757 from W. Lat. 44 39 N. Pop. 663. COLUMBIA, t. Windham co. Ct. 9 m. W. from Windham, 354 from W. Pop. 1,000. COLUMBIA, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. COLUMBIA, t. Sussex co. N. J., on E. side of the Delaware, 20 m. above Easton. COLUMBIA, co. Pa., formed from a part of Northumberland co. Chief town, Danville. Pop. an 1820, 17,621 ; in 1830, 20,049. COLUMBIA, t. Lancaster co. Pa., on E. side of the Susquehannah ; 10 m. W. from Lan caster, 12 E. from York, 72 W. from Philadel phia, 98 from W. It is a pleasant and flourish ing town, and has considerable trade, chiefly in lumber. It contains a bank, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for English Presbyterians, 1 for German Presbyterians, and 1 for Metho dists. A large proportion of the houses are handsomely built with brick. Here is erected across the Susquehannah an excellent covered bridge, 1} mile in length, which cost 230,000 dollars. COLUMBIA, t. Fluvanna co. Va., on N. side of James River, at the junction of the Ri- vanna ; 55 m. WNW. from Richmond, 151 in. from W. It has considerable trade in tobacco. COLUMBIA, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Ohio, at the conflux of the Little Miami ; 5 m. E. from Cincinnati, 507 from W. COLUMBIA, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. COLUMBIA, t. Tyrrel co. N. C. COLUMBIA, t. Richland district, S. C. It is also the capital of the state, on the left bank of the Congaree, immediately below the conflu ence of Broad and Saluda rivers. It is regu larly laid out, upon ground considerably ele vated above the neighboring streams. Boats of large draught ascend thus high, and a steam boat has recently been built, intended to ply between Columbia and Charleston. Besides the ordinary buildings, suitable to legislative and judicial proceedings, and for religious pur poses, a college, under the title of " the S. C. College," was established in this town in 1801, under the direct patronage of the state. It has 9 instructors, and above 100 students, with an excellent library, exceeding 6,000 volumes. It is indeed one of the most flourishing institu tions in the U. S. ; SW. from the Potomac. COLUMBIA, or Oregon river, one of the largest rivers in N. America, which waters the new territory of Oregon. It rises in the Rocky mountains, about lat. 55 N. and running SW falls into the Pacific ocean, in lat 46 15 N. between Cape Disappointment on the N. and Point Adams on the S. The whole length of the river is estimated at 1500 m. Its princi pal branches are the Wallaumut, Lewis r. and Clarke s r. all of which empty on the SE. side: the first 125 m. from its mouth, the second 413, and the third about 600. Vessels of 300 tons may ascend the Columbia, as far as the mouth of the Wallaumut. The tide flows up 183 m. and large sloops may ascend this distance. Seven miles further up the navigation is inter rupted by the great rapids. Above the rapids the river is navigable for 65 miles, till it is in terrupted by the long narrows, and 6 miles further up by the falls. Above the falls there are no obstructions for 150 miles, to the mouth of Lewis river. The portages around the great rapids, long narrows, and falls, are in all 5 miles. COLUMBIANA, co. Ohio, bounded by Pa. E., Jefferson and Harrison S., Stark W., and Portage and Trumbull N. ; length 30 m- breadth 242 COM CON 30. Surface extremely broken and hilly, though the soil is in most parts fertile. This county abounds in iron ore and mineral coal, and with excellent mill streams. Chief town, New Lis bon, Pop. 1820, 22,033 ; in 1830, 35,508. COLUMBIANA, t. of Columbiana c. Ohio, on the waters of Great Beaver, 10 m. NNE. from New Lisbon. COLUMBUS, the political metropolis of Ohio, and very nearly the geographical centre of it. It is situated on the east bank of the Scioto river, in the centre of Franklin county, and occupies a beautiful slope, just below the confluence of Whetstone river with the Scioto. It was a compact forest in 1812. It now has a number of respectable schools, a classical seminary, the customary number of stores, a bank, four printing-offices, a commodious brick market-house, a state-house, a building for the public offices, a penitentiary, and an asylum for the deaf and dumb. The state-house is 75 by 50 feet. The top of the cupola is 106 feet high. Around it are railed walks, from wlu ch the whole town is visible as from a map. It commands a delightful landscape over a coun try charmingly variegated, as extensive as the eye can reach. The village of Franklinton, a mile to the west, and the winding Scioto, are comprehended in this view. The building, that contains the public offices, is 100 by 25 feet. In a line with it and the state-house, is the handsome court-house for the Federal court. These buildings are all on the public square, an area of 10 acres, reserved for public use, in the centre of the town. The penitentiary is in the south-west angle of the tovvn r and inclosed with a high stone wall. Immediately below the penitentiary is a lateral canal, on which canal-boats have already floated to the town, connecting this town with the Ohio and Erie canal 11 miles south. This will greatly add to the resources of the town. There are three churches, of which the Presbyterian church is spacious, being 50 by 50 feet. Manufactures have commenced, and its relations to the canal will give a new impetus to their growth. The circumstance of its being the political metrop olis of its great state, attaches to it a distin guished and polite society. It is a striking example of the creation, no longer uncommon in the western country, of a town, that has grown to importance in a few years from the solid forest. It is in N. lat. 39 57 and 6 W. Ion. from W. It is 396 m. from Washington, 551 from New York, 477 from Philadelphia, 575 from Boston, 429 from Baltimore, 991 from New Orleans, 397 from Nashville, 112 from Cincinnati, and 45 above Chillicothe. Pop. in 1820, 1,400; in 1830, 2,439. COLUMBUS, L Chenango co. N. Y., 12 m. NE. Norwich. Pop. 1,661. COLUMBUS, co. N.C. Pop. 3,912. Chief town, Whitesville. COMBAHEE, r. S. C. runs into St. Helena sound. COMBAHEE FERRY, on the Combahee r. is 17 m. from Jacksonborough, 15 from Po catahgo. COMITE, r. Mississippi joins the Amitc, 12 m. E. Baton Rouge. COMMISSIONER S CREEK, Geo. runs nto the Oconee, 20 or 30m. below Milledgeville. COMMUNIPA, v. Bergen co. N. J. on N. York bay, 2 m. SW. from Paulus-Hook. CONAQUENESING CREEK, Pa. joins the Mahoning 12 m. above its mouth. CONCHACHITOU, t. Mississippi, on the Pascagoula. Long. 88 43 W. lat. 32 15 N. CONCORD, t. Rockingham co. N. H. and capital of the state, stands on the Merrimack, 42 m. WNW. from Portsmouth, 62 NN W. from Boston. Long. 71 30 W. lat. 43 12 N. The village is built principally on two streets on the W. bank of the river, and contains a state- house, state-prison, Congregational church, and above 130 dwelling-houses. The state-house is a handsome stone building. The state-prison is also of stone, and contains 36 cells. In 1823 the courts were removed from Portsmouth, and are now held in this town. By means of Mer- rimack river there is a boat communication between Concord and Boston. Much of the trade of the upper country centres here. Pop. in 1820, 2,838; in 1830, 3,729. CONCORD, t. Grafton co. N. H. 68 m. N. from Concord- Pop. 1,126. CONCORD, t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut r. 38 m. ENE. from Montpelier. CONCORD, r. Mass, formed by two branch es, which unite at Concord, whence it flows NE. and N. with a gentle current, through Bedford and Billerica, and joins the Merrimack in Tewkesbury. Middlesex canal is supplied with water from this river. CONCORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass, on Con- cord river, 18 m. NW. from Boston, 30 ENE. from Worcester. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Cambridge. The public buildings are a court-house and spacious stone jail, and a Congregational church. Here are 3 bridges across the river. In this town the Provincial Congress met in 1774 ; and here the first opposition was made to the Brit ish troops, on the 19th of April, 1775. Pop. in 1820, 1,788 ; in 1830, 2,017. CONCORD, t. Erie co. N. Y. S. of Buffalo, Pop. 2,786. CONCORD, v. Franklin co. Pa. CONCORD, t. Delaware co. Pa. on a branch of Chester creek, 21 m. SW. from Philadelphia. Pop. 1,032. CONCORD, t. Erie co. Pa. CONCORD, t. Sussex co. Del. CONCORD, v. Campbell co. Va. CONCORD, t. capital of Cabarrus co. N. C on Rocky river, 20 m. SW. from Salisbury. CONCORD, t. Champaign co. Ohio CONCORD, t. Miami co. Ohio. CONCORD, t. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. Vf. from Chillicothe. CONCORD, t. Fayette co. Ohio. CONCORD, t. Highland co. Ohio. CONCORD, t. Delaware co. Ohio. CONCORD, t. Washington co. Missouri. CONCORDIA, parish of, La., on the W side of the Mississippi ; bounded by the Mil CON CON 243 river E. and SE., by Red, Black, and Tensau rivers SW. and W., and by Washitan N.; length 112 m. ; mean width, 15. CONCORDIA, t. and cap. Concordia co. La., on the Mississippi, opposite Natches. CONECOCHEAGUE, r. rises near Mer- cersburg, Pa. and runs into the Potomac at Williamsport, Md. 8 rn. S. of the Pa. line. CONECUH, Co. Ala. bounded by Florida S., Monroe W. and NW., Butler N., and Coving- ton, E. Chief town, Sparta. N. lat. 31 15 . CONECUH, r. Ala., receives the Escambia, and runs into the St. Maria de Galvez, an arm of Pensacola bay. It is navigable 200 miles. CONEDOGWINIT CREEK, Pa. runs E. into the Susquehannah, a little above Harris- burg 1 . CONEMAUGH CREEK, Pa. rises in the Alleghany mountains, and runs into the Alle ghany, 29 m. NE. from Pittsburg. At Chest nut ridge it takes the name of Kiskemanitas. Conemaugh salt-works are situated in West moreland and Indiana counties, on both banks of this creek, 1 m. above its confluence with the Loyalhannon, and 15 NE. from Greens- burg. CONESTOGA, small river of Lancaster co Pa., rising on the borders of Chester, Berks, and Lebanon cos. and flowing SE. through the centre of Lancaster co. falls into the Sus quehannah river, about 10 m. below Columbia, and an equal distance SE. from the city of Lancaster. It flows through one of the mos productive parts of the state. CONEWAGO, creek of Pa., separating Lan caster and Dauphin counties, and falling into the Susquehannah r. 4 m. below Middletown. CONEWAGO, a much more considerable stream than the preceding, rising in Adams co. Pa., and flowing NE. into York, over wlricl it passes to the Susquehannah, into which i falls 5 m. below Middletown. CONEWANGO CREEK, or small river of N. Y. and Pa. It is formed by the outlet of Chatauque lake, and other large creeks, from Chatauque and Cataraugus counties, N. Y These unite, and turning S. enter Warren co Pa., falling into Alleghany river at the villagi of Warren. CONNECTICUT, the great river of Nev England. It has its source on tlie N. bordc of N. H., and separates New Hampshire fron Vermont, passes through Massachusetts an Connecticut, and flows into Long Island Soun between Saybrook and Lime. Its genera course is S. by W. till it reaches Middletown Ct., after which it has a SSE. course to it mouth. Its whole length is 410 miles. It i navigable for vessels drawing 10 feet of wate to Middletown, 36 miles, for those drawing feet to Hartford, 50 miles ; and by means o locks and canals, it has been rendered naviga ble to the Fifteen Mile Falls, Bath, N. H. 25 miles above Hartford. The boats which nav gate the river carry from 12 to 20 tons in de scending, and about two-thirds as much in re turning. The falls on this river, which hav been remedied by artificial means, are at Ei eld, Ct. the Willimantic, South Hadley, MOB. ague, Walpole, Plainfield, and Lebanon. Of hese Bellows Falls, at Walpole, are the most emarkable. The perpendicular fall in the iver, which has been overcome by means of ocks and dams, between Springfield, Mass, nd Hanover, N. H. a distance of 130 m. is JOO feet. The Connecticut flows through a ine country. The land bordering upon it in generally of an excellent quality, and there are ipon its banks many beautiful and flourish- ng towns, among which are Haverhill, Hano- er, Charlestown, and Walpole, N. H. ; New- >ury, Windsor, and Brattleborough, Vermont ; Greenfield, Hadley, Northampton, and Spring field, Mass. ; Hartford, Middletown, &c. Ct. CONNECTICUT, -lake, in N. part of N.H. t is the source of the principal branch of the river Connecticut; 5^ m. long and 2i broad. Lat. 45 2 N. CONNECTICUT RESERVE, or New Con- necticut, the NE. part of the state of Ohio. The extent is 120 m. from E. to W. and 52 from N. to S. It contains 4,000,000 of acres j comprises 7 counties, Ashtabula, Trumbull, 3 ortage, Geauga, Cuyahoga, Medina, and Hu ron ; and is settled principally by emigrants rom the states of Massachusetts and Connec ticut. CONNELLSVILLE, bor. Fayette co. Pa. on N. side of the Youghiogeny ; 255 m. from Philadelphia, 200 from W. Pop. 900. It has a pleasant and elevated situation, and com mands a handsome prospect. In the neigh- aorhood of the town there are several mer chant mills, furnaces, forges, and many other mills. The river is navigable to this town. CONNORSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Fayette co. In. on White Water river, 65 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. Lat. 39 38 N CONNOWINGO, v. near Connowingo Falls in Susquehannah, NW. angle of Cecil co. Md. 18 m. NW. by W. from Elkton, and 35 NE. ftwn Baltimore. CONOCOCHEAGUE, r. Pa. which is form ed by two branches, one of which, the east branch, rises on N. side of South Mountain in Adams co. the other, the W. branch, rises in N. side of North Mountain, in Franklin co. They unite 3 m. N. of Maryland line, and the river passes through that state, and falls into the Potomac at WilKamsport. CONOLOWAY CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Potomac, near Hancock s Town, in Maryland. CONSTABLE, t. Franklin co. N. Y. on Canada line; 14 m. NW. from Malone, 235 NNW. from Albany, 605 from W. CONSTANTIA, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on N.side of Oneida Lake; 439 m.from W. Pop. 1,193. Large quantities of iron ore are found here. CONSTANTIA, v. Acadia district, La.; 1,315 m. from W. CONTOOCOOK, r. N. H. which rises in JafFrey and Rindge, and runs NE. into the Merrimack. CONWAY, t. Stafford co. N. H. watered 244 CON COR by the Saco; 75 m. N. from Portsmouth, 555 fromW. Pop. 1,601. CONWAY, t. Franklin co. Mass.; 6 m. SW. from Greenfield, 100 W. from Boston, 403 from W. Pop. 1,563. CONWAY, t. of Sudbury co. N. Brunswick, on the right bank of St. John s river, and near the Bay of Fundy. CONWAYBOROUGH, v. on Waccamaw river, Horry district, S. C. 100 m. NE. from Charleston. Lat. 33 46 N. CONWAYBOROUGH, t. Georgetown dis trict, S. C. ; 462 m. from W. CONYNGHAM, v. Luzerne co. Pa. in Nee- copeck Valley, upon the turnpike, leading from Berwick to Bethlehem. It is 12 m. from the Susquehannah at Berwick, and 18 m. from Le- high, at Lausanne. It is built upon one street, at the foot of the Buck Mountain. COOLIDGE LANDING, t, Md. on the Patuxent ; 28 m. SSW. from Annapolis. COOLSPRING, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 596. COOKSVILLE, v. Ann Arundel co. Md. ; 53 m. from Annapolis, and 61 from W. COOLVILLE, v. Athens co. Ohio, 110 m. SE. from Columbus. COOK S RIVER, large r. of N. America, which flows into the N. Pacific ocean. It was discovered in 1778, by Capt Cook, who left a blank for its name, which was filled up by the Earl of Sandwich. This river was traced as high as lat. 61 30 N. which is above 70 leagues from its mouth, in Ion. 152 W. COOKSTOWN, v. on the right bank of the Monongahela river, in the NW. angle of Fay- ette co. Pa. ; 23 m. SSE. from Pittsburg. COOKE S SETTLEMENT, Miso. on the road from St. Louis to Arkansas and Red rivers, 30 from St. Genevieve, 8 from Murphy s Settlement. COOKE STOWN, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. COOPER, t. Washington co. Me. Pop. 200. COOPER, r. S. C. passes along the E. side of the <aty of Charleston, and meets the Ash ley, in Charleston harbor. A canal connects t with the Santee, and opens a navigable com munication between Charleston and the inte rior country, COOPER, co. Miso. between Osage and Missouri rivers. Surface of the country diver sified, with considerable prairie : the alluvial soil of the rivers is of first-rate quality. Chief town, Boonville, Pop. 6,019. Lat. of Boon- ville, the seat of justice, 39 53 N. 15 20 W. from W. COOPER S FERRY, from Philadelphia to the upper extremity of Camden village, Glou cester co. N. J. COOPER S TOWN, t. and seat of justice, Otsego co. N. Y. on Otsego Lake, W. side of its outlet into Susquehannah river. The situ ation of Cooperstown is in a high degree pic turesque ; the lake spreads to the N. between hills, which rise on both sides to a considera ble elevation, clothed with timber to their sum mits. The village is compactly built on une ven ground, on the W. or right side of the outlet ; 66 m. W. from Albany, 45 SE, from Utica. Lat. 42 42 N. Ion. 2 5 E. from W COOPERSTOWN, v. Hartford co. Md. ; 12 m. NW. from Harford, 24 NE. from Balti more. COOS, northern co. of N. H. bounded by Connecticut river NW. by L. Canada N. by Maine E. by Strafford co. N. H. S. and by Graflon SW. Length 84 m. mean width 20. The highest mountains in the U. States are in this co. ; the White Hills rising to 7,300 feet above the level of the ocean. Much of the soil is . productive in grain and pasturage. Chief town, Lancaster. Pop. 1820, 5,549 ; in 1830, 8,390. COOSA RIVER, the NW. branch of the Alabama, rises in the NW. part of Georgia, flowing SW. about 100 m. enters Alabama, and gradually turns to a S. course, in which direction it continues 200 m. to its junction with the Tallapoosa. It is beatable generally to Weetumka falls, 7 m. above its mouth, and at high water, to the junction of Etowlah and Oostenalah rivers in Georgia. COOSAWATCHY, r. S. C. falls into Port Royal Sound. COOSAWATCHY, t. and seat of justice, Beaufort co. S. C. lying on the Coosahatchie r. about 75 m. SW. by W. from Charleston. Lat. 32 32 N. Ion. 3 58 W. from W. COOSA W DA, v. Autauga co. Ala. on the right bank of Alabama river, 6 m. below the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, and about 60 m. NE. by E. from Cahawba. COOTSTOWN, a well-built v. of Berks ca Pa. on a branch of Maiden creek, and on the road from Reading to Allentown, 17 m. from each. COPENHAGEN, v. Lewis co. N. Y. COPLEY, t. Medina co. Ohio. COPPER RIVER, NW. Territory, after a course of 300 m. joins the Chippeway, 30 m. above its mouth. CORBEAU, r. Miso. Ter. the largest tribu tary to the Mississippi above the St. Peters. Its southern branch rises near the sources of the St. Peters and receives the NW. branch called the Pemmisco, whose head waters are near those of Red river. The united stream then flows 180 m. and joins the Mississippi in lat. 45 49 50" N. CORE SOUND, on the coast of North Car olina, 20 m. long. Lon. 77 5 W. lat. 34 38 N. It communicates with Pamlico Sound on the N. Beaufort Inlet leads into it on the S. CORINTH,t. Penobscot co. Me. at the fork of the roads, 18 m. NW. from Bangor. Pop. 712. It is a fine flourishing town. CORINTH, t. Orange co. Vt. ; 41 m. from Windsor. Pop. 2,000. CORINTH, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. Pop. 1,412. CORNISH, t. York co. Me. on Saco river, 50 m. from N, York. Pop. 1,088. CORNISH, t. Sullivaji co. N. H. on Con necticut river, 16 m. S. from Dartmouth Col lege, 34 NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,687. CORNVILLE, t. Somerset co. Me. 11 m. ENE. from Norridgewock, 44 N, from Hal COR COV 245 lowell. Pop. 1,104, Wesserunset river runs through the centre of the town, and several mills are erected on it. CORNWALL, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 36 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 1,120. CORNWALL, t. U. C. co. of Stormont, on the left bank of the St. Lawrence, between Osnaburg and Charlottenburg. CORNWALL, t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the E. side of Housatonnuc river, 10 m. NW. from Litchfield. Pop. 1,712. There is a Foreign Mission School in this place, under the direc tion of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, established in 1817, for the purpose of educating heathen youth from various parts of the world. After they have received their education, they are sent home to instruct their own countrymen. In 1821 the number of pupils was 29 ; of whom 19 were American Indians, and 6 from the islands of the Pacific ocean. Sixteen of these youth have already proceeded to different missionary stations well qualified for usefulness. CORNWALL, t. Orange co. N. Y. on the Hudson, below Newburgh, 52 m. N. from New York. Pop. 3,486. In this town is West Point. CORNWALL BRIDGE, v. Litchfield co. Con. CORRINA, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 1,077. CORRYSTOWN, v. in Charleston, Mont gomery co. N. Y. CORNWALLIS, t. of Nova Scotia, on the W. coast ; 45 m. NW. from Halifax. CORNWALLIS, a co. of L. Canada, ex- tending for about 160 m. along the SE. bank of the great river St. Lawrence, bounded on the NE. by the district of Gaspe. It is at present but thinly inhabited. CORNWALLIS POINT, cape of North America. Lon. 57 W. from W. lat. 57 N. CORTLANDT, t. Westchcster co. N. Y. on the Hudson; 40 m. N. from New- York. Pop. 3,054. In this town is the village of Peekskill. From its vicinity to the great com mercial metropolis, it has been well settled and highly improved. CORTLANDT, co. of N. Y. on the heads of the Toniogo river, branch of Chenango, bounded by Tompkins and Cayuga W. Onon- dago N. Madison NE. Chenango E. and Broome S. Length 25, mean width 20 m. Chief town, Homer. Pop. 1820, 16,507; in 1830, 23,791. CORTLANDT, t Cortlandt co. N. Y. CORTLANDT, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. CORYDON, t, Harrison co. In. on Indian creek, 15 m. above its entrance into the Ohio ; 8 m. E. from Blue river, 25 SW. from Louis ville, 666 from W. Lat. 38 15 N. Ion. 9 2 W. from W. It was commenced in 1809, is the seat of justice of the county, and con tains a court-house and jail. N. of the town is an extensive region of barrens. Pop. 1,500. Two newspapers are published here. COSDAUGA. See Casada Lake. COSHECTON, v. Sullivan co. N. Y. on the Delaware 60 m. W. from Newbury. COSHOCTON, co. Ohio, oounded by Musk- ingum S. Licking SW. Knox W. Wayne N Tuscarawas E. and Guernsey SE. Length 30 rn. mean width 30. Surface hilly, and soil varied. Chief town, Coshocton. Pop. 1820. 7,086; in 1830, 11,161. COSHOCTON, t. and scat of justice, Co shocton co. Ohio, on the E. side of Muskingum river, opposite to the mouth of White Wo- man s river. Lat. 40 17 N. Ion. 4 55 W. from W. COSTON S INLET, channel between two small islands of N. Jersey. Lon. 74 36 W. lat. 39 14 N. COTTON-GIN-PORT, Ala. on the Tom- bigbee, at the head of navigation ; 60 m. S. by W. from Florence. COTTON PORT, t. Madison co. Ala. on the Limestone, 1 in. above its entrance into the Tennessee, about 100 from the falls of the Black Warrior. The river is navigable to this place for keel and flat-bottomed boats at all seasons. The town was laid out in 1818. COVENTRY, t. Orleans co. Vt. at S. end of Lake Memphremagog, and is watered by Black river ; 60 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 728. COVENTRY, t. Graflon co. N. H.; 9 m. E. from Haverhill. Pop. 441. COVENTRY, t. Kent co. R. I. ; 15 m. SW Providence. Pop. 3,851. It contains a paper- mill, and several cotton manufactories. COVENTRY, t. Tolland co. Ct. It is di vided into two parishes called North and South Coventry. There is a Congregational meet ing-house in each, 4 in. apart. The N. parish is 16 m. E. of Hartford, and the S. 20 m. and about the same distance from Norwich. In the S. parish there is a natural pond or lake, about 2 m. long and 1 broad, from which, by an artificial race, flows a stream of water, affording one of the finest collections of mill- seats in the U. States. On this stream are al ready two cotton manufactories, one woollen, two machine manufactories, in which is made machinery of the first quality, a saw-mill and a tannery. In the N. parish there is a glass house and several tanneries. Pop. 2,119. COVENTRY, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 20 m. SSW. from Norwich ; 148 m. SW. by W. from Albany. Pop. 1,576. COVERT, t. Seneca co. N. Y. Pop. 1,791 COVINGTON, t. Gencsee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,716. COVINGTON, t. Campbell co. Ken. sepa rated from Newport by Licking river, on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati. It is very finely situated, and the streets are so planned that they appear to be a continuation of those of Cincinnati. In this place are respectable man ufacturing establishments, particularly of cot ton. COVINGTON, t. St. Tammany s co. La. ; 1,107 m. from W. COVINGTON, t. and cap. Washington co. II. on Kaskaskias river. COVINGTON, co. Ala. bordering on Flo rida. Pop. 1,522. Chief town, Monte/urna. COVINGTON, co. Mis. bounded by the 246 COU CRO Choctaw country NW. Wayne E. Perry S. and Lawrence W. Length 20 m. mean width 25. Chief town, Williamsburgh. Pop. 2,549. COUNCIL BLUFF, on E. side of the Mis souri, a little above the mouth of the river Platte, 800 m. from the Mississippi. Lon. 96 40 W. lat. 41 30 N. This place is oc cupied by the U. S. as a military post ; and here are generally stationed a few companies of infantry, with a view to overawe the sur rounding tribes of savages, and to prevent, as well their mutual hostilities, as those incur sions which they might otherwise attempt against the frontier American settlers. The position is a very important one, being about halfway between St. Louis and the Mandan village, and at that point on the Missouri, which approaches nearest to the post at the mouth of St. Peters, with which, in the event of hostilities, it may co-operate. It is, besides, in the centre of the most powerful tribes, and the most numerous Indian population, west of the Mississippi. COURTABLEAU, r. La. is formed by the Crocodile and Boeuf, and joins the Atchafa- laya, 30 m. W. from Baton Rouge. COURTWRIGHT, v. Fairfield co. Ohio. COWDERSPORT, t and cap. Potter co. Pa. COWFORD, ford in St. John s river, Flori da ; 28 m. N. from the bar at the mouth of the river. COW ISLAND, Isle de Vaches, in Mis souri river, 380 m. above its mouth, about 100 above Fort Osage. Here the expedition to the Yellow-stone wintered in 1818-19. COWPASTURE, r. Va. one of the princi pal branches of James river. COWPENS, in Union co. S. C. between Pacolet and Broad rivers, the place where Gen. Morgan defeated the British under Col. Tarle- ton,Jan. 11, 1781. COWPERSHILL, v. Robertson co. N. C. COXACKIE, t. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hud son, 25 m. S. from Albany, 8 above Catskill Pop. 3,373. There are three landings in this town. The village of Coxackie contains 150 dwelling-houses, and a church. New Baltimore was set off from the NE. part of this town in 1811. COYAU, settlement, Tenn. on Tennessee r 30 m. below Knoxville. CRAB-BOTTOM, or Hulls, v. Pendleton oo. Va. CRAB-ORCHARD, v. Washington co. Va. CRAB-ORCHARD, t. Lincoln co. Ken. on Dick s river, 8 m. from Cumberland river, 25 SE. from Danville. CR AFTSBURY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 28 m. N from Montpelier. Pop. 700. The courts of the county were formerly held here. CRAIGIE S MILLS, v. Oxford co. Maine CRANBERRY, r. NW. Territory, which runs into the SW. end of Lake Superior. CRANBERRY, t. Middlesex co. N. J. 9 m E. from Princeton, 16 SSW. from Brunswick CRANBERRY, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 800 CRANBERRY, island, on the coast of Me. SE. of Mount Desert. CRANE ISLAND, island in the Potomac 30 m. SW. from Annapolis. CRANE ISLAND, narrow island, about 6 m. in length, in Hunting sound, on the coast of N. C. Lon. 76 45 W. lat. 34 40 N. CRANEY, small isl. Va. in Hampton Road, at the mouth of Elizabeth river ; 5 m. SW. from Fort George. There is a strong fort on thia island which defends the entrance of James and Elizabeth rivers; and in the last war, ;he British were here decisively repulsed, with great loss, in an attempt against Norfolk and Jie Constellation frigate. CRANSTON, t. Providence co. R. I., on W. side of Narraganset bay ; 5 m. S. from Provi dence. Pop. 2,651. This township contains several cotton manufactories, and 5 houses of public worship, 3 for Baptists, 1 for Friends, and 1 for Methodists. Here is found iron e. CRAVEN, co. SE. part of N. C. Pop. 14,325. Uhief town, Newbern. CRAWFORD, v. Orange co. N. Y., 109 m. S. from Albany. CRAWFORD, co. Pa., bounded by Erie N., Warren E., Venango SE., Mercer S., and state of Ohio W. ; length 47 m. mean width 24. ~:hief town, Meadville. Pop. in 1820, 9,397 ; in 1830, 16,005. CRAWFORD, co. Mich. It lies west of Lake Michigan. Pop. in 1820, 492 ; in 1830, 692. CRAWFORD, co. In. on the Ohio, below ts junction with Great Blue river ; bounded by Ohio SE., by Perry SW., Dubois W., Orange N., Washington NE., and Harrison E. ; length 22 m. mean width 12. Chief town, Fredonia. Pop. in 1820, 2,583 ; in 1830, 3,184. CRAWFORD, co. II. bounded by Clarke N., Wabash river E., Edwards, Wayne, and Jefferson S., and Bond W. ; length 75 m. mean width 35. Pop. in 1820, 3,024 ; in 1830, 3,113. CREDIT RIVER, U.., discharges itself into Lake Ontario, between the head of that lake and York, in the Mississaga territory. It is a great resort for these and other Indian tribes, and abounds in fish. CRENDRIEK, lake, N. Carolina. CRESAPSBURG, t. Alleghany co. Md., 2 m. from the Potomac, 8 N. from Frankfbrd. CREWSVILLE, t. Goochland co. Va., lying on the S. side of South Anna river, a branch of Pamunkey river, 20 m. SE. of Columbia court-house, and 122 from W. CROGHANSVILLE, t. Ohio, laid out in 1817, on E. bank of the Sandusky, opposite Fort Stephenson, 12 m. abeve the mouth of the river, 105 N. from Columbus. CROIX, La, lake, Louisiana. CROOKED CREEK BRIDGE, v. Arm strong co. Pa. CROOKED LAKE, in Steuben and Onta rio cos. N. Y., between Pulteney and Wayne, in Steuben co. ; 5 m. W. from Seneca Lake, 18 miles long, 1J broad. CROOKED CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Alleghany, 8 or 9 m. belong Kittaning. CROOKED ISLAND, island in the group of Bahamas, between Crooked Island Passage CRO CUM 247 and Mayaguana Passage. Lon. from W. 2 40 E. lat. 22 30 N. CROOKED ISLAND PASSAGE, NW. from Crooked Island, and stretching from the Old Bahama channel to the Atlantic ocean, between Crooked and Yuma or Long Island. CROOKED RIVER, Maine, runs into Se- bago pond, after a SE. course of about 40 m. CROOKED RIVER, Camden co. Geo. runs into the Atlantic between the Satilla and the St. Mary s, 12 or 14 m. N. from St. Mary s. CROOKED RIVER, Illinois, runs into the Illinois from the NW. 75 m. above its mouth. CROSBY, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Mi- ami, opposite Colerain. Pop. 2,100. CROSS ANCHOR, v. Spartanburg co. S. C. CROSS CAPE, on the E. coast of Florida Lon. 84 50 W. lat. 46 27 N. CROSS CREEK, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 2,000. CROSS CREEK, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 3 m. W. from Steubenville. Pop. 2,000. CROSS CREEKS, two creeks flowing into Ohio river ; one rises in Washington co. Pa. and flowing W. falls into Ohio river, 5 m. be low Steubenville ; the other enters directly op posite the preceding, from Jefferson co. Ohio. CROSS ISLAND, on the coast of Maine at the entrance into Machias bay. Lon. 67 15 W. CROSS KEYS, v. Southampton co. Va. CROSS KEYS, v. Union co. S. C. CROSS LAKE, N. Y. on the borders of Cayuga and Onondaga counties. Seneca river passes through it. CROSS RIVER, v. Westchester co. N. Y. CROSS ROADS, v. in New London, Ches ter co. Pa. 27 m. SE. from Lancaster, 11 NW from Elkton, Md. and 18 WNW. from Wil mington, Del. CROSS ROADS, v. Kent co. Md. 2 m. S from Georgetown. CROSSWICKS, v. Burlington co. N. J. 4 m SW. from Allentown, 8 SE. from Trenton, 14 SW. from Burlington. CROTON CREEK, rises in New Fairfield, Ct. and running across Putnam and West- Chester counties, N. Y. falls into the Tappan sea in Hudson river. At Croton Falls, the water descends perpendicularly 60 or 70 feet A bridge erected across the creek 3 m. from its mouth, commands a fine view of the falls. CROW, r. Miso. which runs into the Mis- sissippi 25 m. above St. Anthony s falls. CROW CREEK, Ten. falls into the Ten nessee opposite Crow town, 12 m. below Nick- ojack town. CROWNPOINT, t. Essex co. N. Y. on Lake Champlain, 15 m. N. from Ticonderoga, 184 from Montreal Lat 44 3 N. Ion. 73 29 W Pop. 2,041. CROWSNEST, mt. in- the Highlands, near Hudson river, N. Y. Height, 1,330 feet. CROWSVILLE, v. Spartanburg co. S.C. CROYDON, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 18 m. NE, from Charlestown, 34 NW. from Concord. Pop, 1,060. CRUGERSTOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. CUBA, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. CUBA, the largest and most important of he West Indies. It commands the windward passage, as well as the entrance into the gulfs of Mexico and Florida, and is called with rea son the key of the West Indies. It is 700 m ^n length, and on a medium 70 in breadth. It is equal in size to Great Britain. Its popula tion has been rated at 750,000, but there is reason to believe that it exceeds that number. A small belt of the island only has yet been cultivated. A chain of mountains, not very lofty, extends through the whole island. The soil is exceedingly fertile ; the climate more temperate than that of most of the other islands; and Cuba is justly considered the healthiest and most fruitful settlement in the Antilles. It is, probably, the richest island, all things considered, in the world. Gold was formerly found in the island, and copper and iron abound. It is famed, also, for mineral waters, and salt springs. Its chief wealth is derived from its extensive sugar plantations. Coffee is its next most important product. Its tobacco is the best in the world. It abounds in trees, among which are many fitted for ship-timber. Bees have multiplied to a great extent. Cattle, as in New Spain, have become wild in the woods, and are killed for their hides and tallow. The people are active and enterprising, and the revenue, formerly reckoned at 2,000,000 of piastres, is now much more than double that sum. The military force, chiefly militia, con sists of 20,000, most of whom are ill disciplined. Chief towns are, Havana, Puerto del Principe, St. Jago, and Matanzas. CUBE S CREEK, Va. runs into Staunton river, Ion. 79 W. lat. 36 47 N. CUCKOOVILLE, v. Louisa co. Va. CULPEPER, co. NE. part of Va. bounded NE. by Fauquier co. SE. by Spottsylvania and Orange cos. SW. by Madison co. and NW. by Shenandoah co. Pop. 24,026, of whom 11,419 are slaves. Chief town, Fairfax. CUMBERLAND, co. SW. part of Maine, bounded W. and N. by Oxford co. E. by Lin- coin co. SE. by the Atlantic, and SW. by York co. Pop. 60,113. Chief town, Portland. CUMBERLAND, t. Providence co. R. I. on NE. side of the Pawtucket ; 6 m. N. from Prov idence. Pop. 3,675. Here are several cotton manufactories. CUMBERLAND, co. N. J. bounded N. by Gloucester co. E. by Cape May co. S. by Del aware bay, and W. by Salem co. Pop. in 1820, 12,668; in 1830, 14,091. Chief town, Bridge town. CUMBERLAND, t. Adams co. Pa. CUMBERLAND, t. Greene co. Pa. W. of the Monongahela. Pop. 1,591. CUMBERLAND, co. Pa. W. of the Susque- hannah, bounded N. by Mifflin co. E. by Dau phin co. S. by York and Adams cos. and SW. and W. by Franklin co. Pop. in 1820, 23,606; in 1830, 29,218. Chief town, Carlisle. CUMBERLAND, t. and cap. Alleghany co. Md. on the Potomac, at the junction of Wills Creek, 148 m. W. by N. from Baltimore, 155 from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house* a bank, and 3 house of public 248 CUM DAN foi Roman Catho- worslu p, 1 for lics, and 1 for Methodists. CUMBERLAND, co. central part of Va. bounded N. by James river, E. by Powliatan and Amelia cos. S. by Prince Edward co. and W. by Buckingham co. Pop. 11,689, of whom 7,309 are slaves. Chief town, Cartersville. CUMBERLAND, co. central part of N. C. Pop. in 1820, 14,446; in 1830, 14,824. Chief town, Fayetteville. CUMBERLAND, co. S. part of Ken. Pop. 8,636. Chief town, Burkesville. CUMBERLAND, t. New Kent co. Va. on SW. side of the Pamunky, about 35 m. E. from Richmond. CUMBERLAND, a town and fort of British America, in a county of the same name, form ing the isthmus which unites Nova Scotia to New Brunswick. The fort is situate at the head of the bay of Fundy, on the east side of its northern branch, called Chignecto Bay. The isthmus is here about 15 m. across, easily admitting a canal to unite the Bay of Fundy with the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 64 10 W. lat. 45 45 N. CUMBERLAND GAP, pass through the Cumberland mountains, in Claiborne co. Ten. ; 130 m. S. from Lexington. CUMBERLAND HOUSE, a station of the Hudson Bay Company, in the country of the Knisteneaux Indians, on the SW. side of Pine Island Lake, in lat. 54 N. Ion. 102 W. CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS, in Ten. The range commences in SW. part of Pa., and in Va. it takes the name of Laurel Moun tain, passes through SE. part of Kentucky, and terminates in Tennessee ; 80 m. SE. from Nashville. A considerable portion of this mountain in Tennessee, is composed of stu pendous piles of craggy rocks. It is thinly covered with trees, and has springs impreg nated with alum. Lime-stone is found on both sides of it. CUMBERLAND, isl. on the coast of Geo. 20 m. S. from Frederica ; between the mouth of the Great Satilla and Prince William s Sound. It is about 20 m. in circumference. CUMBERLAND, r. rises on the Cumber land mountains, in the south-east part of Ken. through which it has a course of 200 miles, it has a circuit in Tennessee of 180 miles, thence north, and joins the Ohio in Kentucky, 11 m. above the mouth of the Tennessee. CUMBERLAND VALLEY, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 570. CUMMINGTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 m. NW. from Northampton. Pop. in 1820, 1,060; in 1830, 1260. CURRACOA, an island in the Caribbean Sea, lying off the coast of Colombia, near the entrance to the Gulf and Lake Maracaibo, 35 miles long and 12 broad, subject to the Dutch. It produces sugar, tobacco, and salt ; has nu merous warehouses, which used formerly to supply the adjacent coast with the productions of Europe and Asia, and which still continue to do so to some extent. In 1800 some French having settled on part of the island, and be coming at variance with the Dutch, the latter surrendered the island to a single British frig ate. It was restored to the Dutch by the peace of 1802, and taken from them by a British squadron in 1807, and again restored by the peace of 1814. The principal town is St. Pe ter, at the NE. extremity of the island. Lon. 69 15 W. lat. 12 52 N. CURRENT, a township in Lawrence co. Arkansas. CURVINSVILLE, v. Clearfield co. Pa. CURRITUCK, a maritime co. at the NE. extremity of North Carolina, the N. end bor dering on the Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia, and S. end on Albemarle Sound. This was formerly a very dreary district, but some of the land within the present century has been rendered very productive in rice. Pop. 7,654. The country gives name to one of the inlets into Albemarle Sound. CUYAHOGA, a stream of Ohio falling into Lake Erie at Cleveland. The great Ohio canal passes along this river, and joins the lake at its mouth. See Ohio Canal. CUYAHOGA, a co. of Ohio, bordering upon Lake Erie at the outlet of the above stream. Pop. 10,360. Cleaveland is the capital. CYNTHIANA, t Harrison co. Ken. D. DACHEET, r. of Arkansas and Louisiana, rises in the former, and flowing S. into the lat ter, falls into the head of Lake Bistineau. DAGSBOROUGH, t. and hundred, Sussex co. Delaware, S. of Indiana river ; 127 m. S. from Philadelphia, 144 from W. D AILLEBOUT, Seigniory, Warwick co. L. Canada. DALTON, t. Coos co. N. H. on E. side of the Connecticut; 8 m. S. from Lancaster. Pop. 532. DALTON, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 12 m. NNE. from Lenox, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 791. Here are 2 paper-mills, and a cotton and woollen manufactory. DALETOWN, v. Wilcox eo. Ala. DALLAS, co. Ala. bounded by Wilcox S. Marengo W. Greene NW. Perry N. Autauga NE. and Montgomery E. Length 45 m. mean width 24. Chief town, Cahawba. Pop. 14,017. DALMATIA, v. Northumberland co. Pa. DALRYMPLE S POINT, cape, in the island of Dominica, 2 m. S. from Charlotte s Town. DAMARISCOTTA, river of Maine, or ra ther a long deep bay, extending from the At. lantic ocean into Lincoln co. between Booth- bay and Bristol. DAMASCUS, t. Wayne co. Pa. on Dela ware river; 18 m. NW. from Bethany. Pop. 400. DAMASCUS, v. in the NE. part of Frede rick co. Md. on the road from New Market to Barnestown. DAMASCUS, v. Montgomery co. Md. DAMASCUS, v. Logan co. Ohio. DAME S GORE, Grafton co. N. H. Pop> 38. DAN, r. rises on the borders of North Car- DAN DAR 249 olina and Virginia, and flowing through a fer tile country, unites with Staunton river to form the Roanoke. It is navigable to Danville, where there are falls of 22 or 23 feet perpen dicular ; but by the improvements which are contemplated, its navigation will be extended 100 miles from its mouth. DANA, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 23 m. NW. from Worcester, 70 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 623. DANBURY, t. Grafton co. N. H.; 25 m. NW. from Concord. Pop. 786. DANBURY, t. Fairfield co. Ct. The courts are held alternately here and at Fairfield. The village contains a court-house, jail, academy, 4 churches, 1 each for Presbyterians, Episco palians, Sandemanians and Methodists; and 200 dwelling-houses. Danbury is the most considerable town in the county in the extent and variety of business carried on. Here are not less than 50 shops for the manufacture of hats. It is 33 m. WNW. from New Haven, 54 SW. from Hartford, 65 from N. York, 40 from Newburgh. Pop. 4,325. In 1777 the town, with a large quantity of military stores, was burnt by the British. In the subsequent battle, Maj. Gen. Wooster was slain. DANBURY, t. Huron co. Ohio, comprises the peninsula between Portage river and San- dusky Bay. It is about 20 m. long, and 2 or 3 wide, and terminates in Point Prospect. A custom-house is kept at Bull Island, on the southern shore of the peninsula near the point Pop. 200. DANBY, t. Rutland co. Vt. ; 32 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,362. DANBY, t. Tomkins co. N. Y. ; 8 m. N. from Spencer. Pop. 2,481. DANCEY S STORE, v. Northampton co. N.C. DANDRIDGE, t and cap. Jefferson co. Ten. on French Broad river, 33 m. E. from Knoxville. DANIEL HILL, v. Rowan co. N. C. DANIELSVILLE, v. Spottsylvania co. Va. DANIELSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison co. Geo. ; 90 m. from Milledgeville. DANSVILLE, t. Steuben co. N. Y. ; 35 m. NW. from Bath. Pop. 1,728. DANUBE, t. in Herkimer co. N. Y. Pop. 1,723. DANVERS, t. Essex co. Mass, adjoining Salem ; 16 m. NE. from Boston. Pop. 4,288. It contains 2 meeting-houses for Congrega- tionalists and 1 for Baptists. The most con siderable and compact settlement is a continu ation of the principal street of Salem. Large quantities of bricks, earthenware, and leather are manufactured here. In the village of New Mills, at the head of Beverly river, there is a large iron manufactory, and the business of ship-building is carried on. DANVILLE, t. Cumberland co. Me. Pop. 1428. DANVILLE, t. and cap. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 28 m. ENE. from Montpelier, 165 NNW. from Boston, 535 from W. Lon. 72 2 W. lat. 44 26 N. Pop. 3,631. This is a pleasant and valuable agricultural town, and it has a small 2G village containing a court-house, a jail, a print ing-office, a Congregational meeting-house, and it is a place of some trade. DANVILLE, t. Steuben co. N. Y. ; 20 m. NW. from Bath. Pop. 1,728. DANVILLE, t. and cap. Columbia co. Pa. on the Susquehannah, at the entrance of Ma- boning creek, 11 m. above Northumberland. There is a copper mine near this town. DANVILLE, t. Essex co. N. Y. DANVILLE, t Pittsylvania co. Va. on the river Dan, 130 m. by water, and 116 by land above the great falls of the Roanoke, about 70 m. S. by W. from Lynchburg, 150 SW. by W. from Richmond, 291 from W. Lon 79 25 W. lat. 36 34 N. It is situated at the Falls of the Dan, on a wide and beautiful plain, rising gradually from the river to a high eminence, which commands an extensive and picturesque prospect, embracing a view of the Falls, the gentle current of the river below, and the verdant hills and cultivated fields of the surrounding country. A canal nearly a mile in length has been formed around the Falls, which affords extensive and excellent seats for mills and manufactories, which are improved to considerable extent. The Roa noke Navigation Company have constructed a canal with locks around the Falls; and a basin is formed in the centre of the town, safe and convenient for the batteau navigation of the river. Danville has become the upland depot of an extensive commerce > embracing not only the adjacent fertile districts of Virginia and N. Carolina, but also a great part of East Ten nessee. The articles of commerce consist of wheat, flour, tobacco, cotton, whisky, brandy, Indian corn, beef, pork, butter, poultry, lumber, and iron. Batteaux, carrying from 8 to 12 hogs heads of tobacco, and from 30 to 40 barrels of flour, have a convenient navigation from this place to the Falls of the Roanoke. Roads lead to Danville from various directions, both from Virginia and North Carolina. The town has a very healthy situation, and contains an acad emy with 45 or 50 students. A newspaper is published here. DANVILLE, t. and cap. Mercer co. Ken. on the SW. side of Dick s river, 40 m. S. by W. from Frankfort, 33 SSW. from Lexkgton. Lat. 37 30 N. Pop. 849. It has a court house and jail, and a church. Several mills and factories are erected here. A charter for a college at this place has been granted by the legislature ; 2 professors, 1 of languages and 1 of mathematics are appointed, and a large brick building 2 stories high is erected. DANVILLE, t. Knox co. Ohio; 13 m NE from Mount Vernon. DANVILLE, v. HemJricks co. In. DARBY, Lower, v. Delaware co.Pa. on the E. side of Darby creek, which runs into the Delaware, 7 m. SW. by W. from Phikdelphia. DARBY, Upper, t. Delaware co. Pa. ad joining Lower Darby. Pop. 700. DARBY, t. Madison co. Ohio, NE. from London. Pop. 500. DARBY, t. Pickaway co, Ohio, Urn. NW from Circleville. Pop. 600, 250 DAR DEA DARBY, L Union co. Ohio. Pop. 500. DARBY, t. Columbia co. Georgia. DARBY, cape of N. America, on the N. Pacific ocean, SW. from the mouth of Norman nver. Lon. 86 30 from W. lat. 64 21 N. DARBY RIVER, one of the western tranches of the Scioto river, rises in Union, Champaign, and Franklin cos. and by a com parative course of 65 m. SSE. falls into Scioto river opposite Circleville. DARDANELLES, a place in Cadron, Ar kansas Territory, on Arkansas river, where the Agent of the Cherokee Indians resides. Two rocky ridges here border the river for nome distance, whence originated the name. DARDENNE, t. St. Charles district, Miso. ; 1,001 fromW. DARIEN, t. Fairfield co. Ct. Pop. 1,201. DARIEN, t. and s-p. M Intosh co. Geo. on the N. side and principal channel of the Ala- tamaha, 12 m. above the bar, and 190 below Milledgeville. The town is situated upon a candy bluff, and has advanced in wealth and population with great rapidity. It has a bank with a capital of $150,000. Lon. 4 37 W. from W. lat. 31 23 N. DARKE, co. Ohio, bounded W. by Indiana, N. by Mercer, E. by Shelby and Miami, SE. by Montgomery, and S. by Preble. Length 32 m. width 21. Chief town, Greenville. Pop. in 1820, 3,717; in 1830, 6,203. DARKENVILLE, v. Berkeley co. Va. DARNESTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Md. ; 65 m. from W. DARLING ISLAND, the largest of two islands in the entrance of Lake Simcoe, U. C. DARLINGS, v. on Owl creek, Knox co. Ohio ; 15 m. E. from Vernon. DARLING TOWNSHIP, m the co. of Durham, U. C. lies to the W. of Clarke, and fronts on Lake Ontario. DARLINGTON, dist. S. C.; bounded by Sumpter SW. by Kershaw W. Chesterfield NW. Marlborough NE. and Marion and Wil- liamsburg SE. Length 34 m. width 28. Chief town, Darlington. Pop. 1820, 10,949; in 1830, 12,000. DARLINGTON, v. and seat of justice, Darlington district, S. C. ; on Black creek, very near the centre of the district, 40 m. E. from Camden. DARLINGTON, t. Warwick co. Indiana a short distance from the Ohio, about 40 m SSE. from Princeton. DARTMOUTH, t. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass It is situated on the NW. side of Buzzard s Bay, about 75 m. S. of Boston. Pop. 3,867. PARTOWN, v. Butler co. Ohio; 111 m SW. from Columbus. DARVILLES, v. Dinwiddie co. Va. DAVENPORT, t. Delaware co. N. Y. Pop 1,780. DAVIDSONVILLE, t. and cap. Lawrence co. Arkansas Territory, on the W. bank of Black river, at the junction of Spring river. DAVIDSON, co. Ten. situated on the W Bide of Cumberland Mountains, bounded by Robertson N. Sunnier NE. Wilson and Ruth erford E. Williamson S. and Dickson W. Length 26 m. mean width 22. Chief town, Nashville. Pop. 22,523. DAVIDSTOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N. J.; 10 m. above Trenton, on the Asanpink creek. DAVIES, co. of Ken. bounded by Ohio river N. Breckenridge NE. Ohio SE. Muhlenburgh S. Hopkins SW. and Henderson W. Length 30 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Owens- burg. Pop. 5,218. DAVIES, co. of Indiana, between the two main branches of White river; bounded by Dubois SE. and S. Gibson SW. Knox W. Sul- ivan NW. and Monroe and Lawrence NE. Length 60 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Washington. Pop. 4,512. DAVIS S COVE, harbor on the W. coast of Jamaica, 2 m. N. Green Island Harbor. DAVIS S, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. DAVISBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Geo. DAVISBURG, t. Christian co. Ken. DAVIS S STORE, v. Rapide co. La. DAVIS TAVERN, v. Sussex co. Va. DAUPHIN, co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susquehannah ; bounded N. by Northumber- "and, E. by Schuylkill and Lebanon, S. by Lancaster, and W. by the Susquehannah which separates it from Cumberland. Pop. 25,303. ~ : hief town, Harrisburg. DAUPHIN, isl. on the coast of Alabama, between which and Mobile Point, 3^ m. dis tant, is the entrance of Mobile Bay. Lon. 88 T W. lat. 30 10 N. DAUPHIN, Fort, s-p. in the N. part of St. Domingo. Lat. 19 41 N. ; Ion. 72 40 W. DAUPHIN, r. N. America, which runs into Lake Winnipec, in lat. 52 15 N. DAVISON POINT, on the W. coast of N America. Lat. 55 N. DAWFUSKEE, isl. on the coast of S.C. a< the entrance of Savannah river. DAYTON, t. and cap. Montgomery co. Ohio, on the Miami, just below the junction of Mad river, 52 m. N. from Cincinnati, 66 W. from Columbus, 40 SE. from Urbanna. Pop. 2,965. The public buildings are a court-house and jail, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyteri ans, and 1 for Methodists, a bank, and an academy. Mad river affords uncommon ad vantages for water-works, and numerous mills are erected upon it. DEAD RIVER, Me. the W. branch of the Kennebec. It rises in the highlands which separate Maine from Canada, and joins the E. branch about 20 m. from Moosehead Lake. DEAD RIVER, N. H. runs into the Mar- gallaway. DEAD RIVER, NW. Territory, runs into Lake Superior, is 50 yards wide, and boatable at its mouth. DEAL, v. N. J. on the sea-shore, in Mon- mouth co. famous as a watering place, 7 m. S. from Shrewsbury. DEARBORN, t. Kennebeck co. Me. Pop. 616. DEARBORN, co. In. on Ohio r. bounded by the state of Ohio and the Ohio r. E., Swit zerland S., Ripley W., and Franklin N. ; length DBA DEL 251 27 m., mean width 15. Chief town, Lawrence- burg. Pop. 14,578. DEARBORN, r. a W. branch of Missouri, into which it falls above the rapids. DECATUR, v. Adams co. Ohio, 117 m. SSW from Columbus. DECATUR, v. Morgan co. Ala. about 200 m. N. from Cahawba. DECATUR, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. SE. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,110. DECATUR, t Mifflin co. Pa, DECATUR, t Brown co. Ohio, 9 m. W. from West Union. DECATUR, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. DECHE, r. Indiana, runs into the Wabash from the NE. 8 m. below Vincennes. DECKERSTOWN, v. Sussex co. N. J. on the Papacossing branch of Wallkill r. 20 m. NNE. from Newtown, and 102 a little E. of N. from Trenton. DEDHAM, t. and cap. Norfolk co. Mass. 10 m. SW. from Boston, 30 NNE. from Provi dence. Lon. 71 12 W. ; lat. 42 16 N. Pop. 3,117. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, 2 printing-offices, and 6 houses of public worship, 4 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. The town is watered by Charles and Neponset rivers, which afford nu merous seats for mills and manufacturing es tablishments, which are improved to a consid erable extent. DEEP RIVER, in N. C. one of the main and higher branches of Cape Fear river. DEER, or Chevreuil, r. N. A. runs into the E. side of the Mississippi, 37 m. above the falls of Peckagama. DEER CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Scioto from the W. 7 m. N. from Chillicothe. DEER CREEK, t Pickaway co. Ohio, 9 m. W. from Circleville. Pop. 2,000. DEER CREEK, t. Madison co. Ohio. DEERFIELD, t. Franklin co. Mass, on the W. side of Connecticut r. 4 m. S. from Green field, 17 N. from Northampton, 92 W. from Boston. Pop. 2,003. It contains a handsome village, with a church and an academy, and is in a very fertile country. DEERFIELD, t. Rockmgham co. N. H. Pop. 2,086. DEERFIELD, t. Oneida co. N. Y. opposite Utica, on the Mohawk. Pop. 4,182. DEERFIELD, t. Cumberland co. N. J. DEERFIELD, t. Tioga co. Pa. DEERFIELD, t. Warren co. Ohio. DEERFIELD, t. Morgan co. Ohio. DEERFIELD, v. Augusta co. Va. 152 m. NNW. from Richmond. DEERFIELD RIVER, rises in Vt. and flowing S. enters Mass, turns to nearly E. and fells into Connecticut river between Greenfield and Deerfield. DEERFIELD SHEET, v. in the N. part of Cumberland co. N. J. on Cohansey creek, between Woodbury and Bridgeton, 64 m. SSW. from Trenton, and 35 S. from Philadelphia. DEERING, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. Pop. 1,227. DEER ISLAND, New Brunswick, in Pas- amaquoddy bay. Pop. 2,217. DEER ISLE, isL and t. Hancock co. Me. on the E. side of Penobscot bay, 9 m. SE. from Castine. Pop. 2,217. DEER PARK, t Orange co. N. Y. on Del aware r. 14 m. N. of W. Goshen, 30 W. from Newburgh, 125 from Albany. Pop. 1,167. DEKALB, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the Oswegatchie, 20 m. from its junction with the St. Lawrence. Pop. 1,061. There is a good boat navigation to the mouth of the river. DE LA FOUCHE BAY, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 52 39 N. DELAWARE, co. N. Y. on Delaware river, bounded N. by Otsego, E. by Schoharie and Greene, S. by Ulster and Sullivan, and W. by Broorne and Chcnango and Delaware r. which separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 32,933 Chief town, Delhi. DELAWARE, co. in the SE. part of Pa. on Delaware r. Pop. 17,361. Chief town, Chester. DELAWARE BAY, a spacious bay of the U. S. between the states of Delaware and New Jersey. Its entrance is 20 m. wide, between Cape May in lat. 38 56 N. and Cape Henlo- pen in lat. 38 47 N. It is 65 m. long from Fisher s Point to Cape Henlopen, and in the broadest part 30 m. wide. DELAWARE CITY, v. Newcastle co. Del. on the Delaware r. at the mouth of the Chesa peake and Delaware canal It is a small vil lage, but contains some fine houses. DELAWARE RIVER, rises in N. Y. in the Catskill mountains. In its course, it re- sembles the letter W. It separates Pennsyl vania from New York and New Jersey, and runs into Delaware bay, 5 m. below Newcastle. It is navigable for ships of the line 40 m. to Philadelphia, and for sloops 35 m. further to the head of the tide, at Trenton falls. Above the falls, it is navigable 100 m. for boats of 8 or 9 tons. The whole length, from its source to the bay, is 300 m. DELAWARE, state, see page 84. DELAWARE, t. King William co. Va. on the point between the Pamunky and Mata- pony rivers. DELAWARE, co. Ohio, on the Scioto and Whitestone rivers, and on Alum creek, bound- ed by Franklin S. Madison SW. Union W. Marion N. and Knox and Licking E. ; length 27 m. mean breadth 24. Chief town, Dela ware. Pop. 11,523. DELAWARE, v. and seat of justice, Dela ware co. Ohio, on Whitestone branch of Scioto, 25 m. N. from Columbus. Lat. 48 18 N., Ion, from W. 6 5 W. DELAWARE, co. Indiana. Pop. 2,372. Muncytown is the capital. DELAWARE, r. E. Florida, runs into the Gulf of Mexico, near Cape Roman. DELAWARE, t. Wayne co. Pa. on the river Delaware. DELERY, Seigniory, Huntingdon co. L.C on the Sorelle r. 27 m. SSE. from Montreal. DELHI, t Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,158. DELHI, t. and cap. Delaware co. N. Y. or the Delaware, 68 m. W. from Catskill, 70 SW from Albanv. Pop. 2,114. The township U 252 DEL DET extensive ; near its centre there is a pleasant village containing the county buildings. DELISTE, small r. which rises in U. Can- ada, and falls into the St. Lawrence, in Lower Canada, near its W. boundary. DELMAR, t. Lycoming co. Pa. 25 m. NW. from Williamsport. Pop. 900. DELMAR, t. Tioga co. Pa. DELPHI, t. Marion co. Ten. DELPHI, v. Onondago co. N. Y. DEMIQUAIN, r. II. runs into the Illinois r. from the NW. 160 m. above its mouth. It is said to be navigable 120 m. DEMOPOLIS, v. Morengo co. Ala. DEMOTFS STORE, v. in Romulus, Sen eca co. N. Y. DENBIGH, Cape, on NW. coast of Ameri ca, in Norton Sound. Lat. 65 23 N. DENMARK, t. Oxford co. Me. 30 m. SW. from Paris. Pop. 954. DENMARK, or Harrisburg, t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 150 m. NW. from Alba ny, 450 from W. Pop. 2,270. DENMARK, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, E. from Jefferson, 379 m. from W. DENMARK, v. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black r. on the road from Utica to Sacket s Harbor. Pop. in 1620, 1,745; in 1830, 2,270. DENNIS, t. Barnstable co. Mass, on Barn- stable Bay, 9 m. ENE. from Barnstable, 76 SE. from Boston, 492 from W. Pop. 2,317. It contains 3 meeting-houses, 2 for Congregation- alists, and 1 for Quakers. DENNIS, v. Amelia co. Va. DENNIS CREEK, v. Cape May co. N. J. DV the postroad 101 m. nearly S. from Trenton, fhe village of Dennis Creek stands on a creek of that name, about 30 m. S. by E. fr. Bridgcton. DENNY S RIVER, Washington co. Me. runs into a bay of the same name which forms the N. branch of Cobscook Bay. DENNYSVILLE, t. Washington co. Me. lies on the bay and river of the same name and on Penimaquan Bay. The village is hand somely built at the head of tide water on Den ny s river, and contains several saw-mills, a grist-mill, fulling-mill, carding-machine, and tannery. It is well situated for manufactures : 17 m. NW. from Eastport. Pop. 856. DENTON, t. and cap. Caroline co. Md. on the Choptank, 37 m. SSW. from Chester, 95 from W. It is a small town, regularly laid out, and contains a bank. DEPOSIT, v. Tompkins co. N. Y on the Delaware, 14 m. SE. from Oquago, 331 from W. This village has considerable trade in lumber. DEPTFORD, t. Gloucester co. N. J. DE RAMSAY, 2 Seigniories, in L. C. one m Richelieu oo. 36 m. E. from Montreal, and the other in Warwick co. DERBANE, r. Louisiana, which flows ESE, and joins the Quachitta, lat. 32 39 N. It is navigable for large boats 30 or 40 m. DERBANE, r. Louisiana, which runs into Timballier Bay. DERBANE, r. Mis. which runs into the bay of Pines, Ion. 88 19 W. ; lat. 30 22 N. DERBY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 65 m NNE. from Montpelier, 579 from W. Pop. 1,469. It lies MI the E. side of Lake Memphremagog, bor dering on Stanstead in Canada. DERBY, t. New Haven co. Ct. on the Hou- satonnuc, at the junction of Naugatuc river, 2 m. above its mouth, and 8 W. from New laven. Pop. 2,253. It contains 5 churches, 2 Episcopal, 2 Congregational, and 1 Methodist. The river is navigable for vessels of 100 tons. DERMON, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 3,000. DERRY, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swatara creek, 2 m. above its junction with the Susque- hannah. Pop. 2,500. In the bank of the creek s a cavern, containing numerous apartments. DERRY, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 1,000. DERUYTER, t. Madison co. N. Y. 34 in SW. from Utica, 130 W. from Albany. Pop 1,447. DES MOINS, large r. Missouri, which runs SE. and joins the Mississippi, about 130 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. From the rapids to its mouth, it forms the boundary of the state of Missouri. It may be ascended in boats 800 m. DESPAGE, or Fox river, runs into the II- inois from the N. about half way between Lake Pioria and the forks of the Illinois. Its course is nearly parallel with that of the Des- planes. DESPLANES, r. Illinois, rises W. of Lake Michigan, and flowing SW. meets the Kanka- tee, to form Illinois river. The Desplanes communicates with a lake, and from this lake ;here is a sort of canal to Chicago river, partly worn by the water, and partly made by the French and Indians, through which boats pass in wet seasons. DESTRUCTION ISLAND, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 47 37 N. DETOUR, cape, Michigan, the W. point at the entrance of the Straits of St. Mary s, 40 m. from Michillimackinac. Lat. 45 54 N. DETOUR, cape, NW. Ter. at the SW. end of Lake Superior. DETROIT, city, and port of entry, Wayne co. and capital of Michigan Territory, and the only town of much size in the territory. It is situated on the W. bank of the river Detroit, 18 m. above Maiden in Canada, 6 below the outlet of Lake St. Clair, 302 W. from Buffalo, and 548 from W. The banks are 20 feet above the highest waters of the river. The plain on which it is built is beautiful, and the position altogether delightful and romantic. The streets are wide, and the houses are of stone, brick, frame and logs, and some of them make a very showy appearance. Three of the principal streets run parallel witli the river, and are crossed at right angles by six principal cross streets. Several wharves project into the river The United States wharf is 140 feet long, and a vessel of 400 tons burthen can load at its head. The public bui dings are a council- house, state-house, United States store, Presby terian church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and some other public buildings. There are a num ber of stores, and others building. Rents and the value of lots are rising, and the town ex hibits marks of rapid population and improve DET DIX 253 ment. It was almost entirely consumed by fire in 1806, and the appearance of the new town IB much superior to the old one. Pop. 2,222. DETROIT RIVER, N. A. which connects Lake St. Clair with Lake Erie, is 28 m. long, and opposite Detroit, f of a mile wide, enlarg ing as it descends, and is navigable for vessels of any burden. DEUX COEURS, r. Michigan Ter. which runs into Lake Superior, 21 m. W. from White- fish Point, and 66 W. from St. Mary s r. It is 25 yards wide, and beatable at its entrance. DEUX MONTAGNES, lake, Canada, or rather expansion of the river Ottawa, at its junction with the St. Lawrence. It is 24 m. long, and from 1 to 6 broad. DEVERTE, bay of New Brunswick, on the NE. coast. Lon. from W. 13 10 E. lat. 46 N. DEVIL S HOLE, chasm of rocks, forming a bay on E. side of the Niagara, N. Y. 4 m below the Falls. It is semicircular, about 1,200 feet in circumference, and is remarkable for a great eddy, and a violent commotion of the water. DEVIL S ISLAND, Key and Race, names given to several small islands in the West In dies, and off the E. coast of South America, generally of rugged aspect and difficult to ap proach. DEVON, co. U. C., S. off the St. Lawrence, between Hertford and Cornwallis counties. DEWEE, small island, S. C. in Charleston harbor. DEWEYSBURGH, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 28 m. ENE. from Montpelier. DEXTER, v. S. part of Penobscot co. Me 125 m. NE. from Portland. Pop. 885. DIAMOND POINT, cape, on the W. coast of Martinico. Lon. 61 W. ; lat. 14 25 N. DIAMOND RIVER, r. N. H. which runs into the Margallaway, near the E. border of the state. Lat. 44 48 N. DICKINSON, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 12 m W. from Malone, and 230 N. from Albany Pop. 446. DICKINSON, t Cumberland co. Pa. Pop 2,100. DICKINSON, L Russel co. Va. DICKS, r. Ken. which runs into the Ken tucky r. Length, 50 m. DICKSON, co. West Tennessee, on the W side of the Cumberland r. Pop. 7,261. Chief town, Charlotte. DICKINSON, t Franklin co. N. Y. ; 12 m. W. from Malone. Pop. 495. DICKINSONVILLE, v. Franklin co. Va. 279 m. from W. DICKINSONVILLE, v. Powhatan co. Va DICKS, r, runs into the Kentucky, after a NW. course of 50 m. Lon. 84 56 W. lat 37 40 N. DICK S CREEK, Ohio, empties into the Miami from the E. above Hamilton. DICKSON, co. W. Tennessee. Pop. in 1820, 5,190 ; in 1830, 7,261. Chief town, Char otte. DICKSVILLE v. Guilford co. N. C. DIGBY, t. Nova Scotia, on the Bay of An- napolis ; 15 m. SW. from Annapolis. DIGIDUASH, r. New Brunswick, which runs into Passamaquoddy Bay. DIGG S POINT, point, Md. at the conflu ence of Piscataway river with the Potomac. DIGHTON, t and port of entry, Bristol co. VI ass. on W. side of Taunton river ; 7 m. SSW rom Taunton, 39 S. from Boston, 434 from W. Pop. 1,737. All the shipping of Wel- ington, Taunton, Troy, Freetown, Berkeley, Somerset, and Swansey, is entered at this port. There is in this town, near the river, a rock, which contains a remarkable hieroglyphic in scription, of which no satisfactory explanation las yet been given. DILLIARDSVILLE, v. Orange co. N. C. DILLIARDSVILLE, v. Rutherford co. Ten. DILL S FERRY, v. Northampton co. Pa. DINGMANSBURG, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the E. branch of Great Miami river, below the mouth of Musquitoe creek; 11 m. above Pi- qua, 19 above Troy. DINGMAN S FERRY, over Delaware r. Pike co. Pa.; 28 m. above Delaware Water Gap, and 8 below Milford. DILLSBURG, t. York co. Pa.; 96 m. from W. DINWIDDIE, co. Va. ; bounded N. by the Appomatox, which separates it from Chester field co. E. by Prince George co. SE. by Sus sex co. SW. by Brunswick and Lunenburg cos. W. by Nottoway co. and NW. by Amelia co. The county court-house is situated 14 m. SW. from Petersburg, 164 from W. Pop. 18,637. Chief town, Petersburg. Near the C. H. there is an academy. DIPPER HARBOR, New Brunswick, in the Bay of Fundy, 24 m. SW from St. Johns. DISAPPOINTMENT, Cape,. It is the N. point of the mouth of Columbia river. Lon. 48 from W. lat. 46 19 N. DISMAL SWAMP, large tract of marshy land, beginning a little S. of Norfolk in Virginia, and extending into N. Carolina, to the amount of 150,000 acres ; 30 m. long from N. to S. and 10 broad. This tract is entirely covered with trees, some of which grow to a very large size ; and between them the brushwood springs up so thick, that many parts are utterly imper vious. In the midst of the swamp is a lake, called Drummond s Pond, 7 miles in length. This lake furnishes water for the canal which connects Elizabeth river with the Pasquotank. The Pasquotank flows from this lake south, and the Nansemond flows from it north. DIVIDING CREEK, v. Cumberland co. N. J. ; 200 m. from W. DIVIDING CREEK, r. Va. which flows between Lancaster and Northumberland cos into the Chesapeake. DIVISION, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. ; 23 m. E. from Auburn, 170 W. from Albany, 389 from W. DIXFIELD, t. Oxford co. Me. ; 18 m. NE. from Paris. Pop. 890. DIXHILLS, v. in Huntingdon co. N. Y 254 DIX DOV DIXMONT, or Collegetown, t. Penobscot co. Me. ; 40 m. NW. from Castine, 220 NE. from Boston, 666 from W. Pop. 945. DIXON, t. Preble co. Ohio. DIXON S SPRINGS, v. Smith co. Ten. DIXVJLLE, t. Coos co. N. H.; 110 m. N. from Concord. DIXVILLE, v. Henry co. Va. DOBBS, Cape, in Hudson s Bay, at the S. side of the entrance of Wager s river. Lon 86 30 W. lat. 65 N. DOBOY SOUND and INLET, on the coast of Georgia, which receives the N. branch of the Alatamaha river. The bar has 14 feet at low water, and is in lat. 31 20 N. DOBSON S CROSS-ROADS, v. Stokes co. N.C. DOG RIVER, r. N. America, which passes by Fort William, and runs into Lake Superior just below. DOG S RIVER, r. Alabama, which runs mto the W. side of Mobile Bay, Ion. 88 3 W. lat 30 40 N. DOMAINE, Riviere du, r. Lower Canada which flows into the St. Lawrence, 6 m. below the Island of Orleans. DOMINGO, St. or Hispaniola, one of the richest islands in the West Indies, 400 m. in length, and 75 in breadth. It was discovercc by Columbus in 1492, and is surrounded by craggy rocks and dangerous shoals. It has j great many rivers, and mines of gold, talc, am crystal. The Spaniards had possession of the whole island for 120 years. They were after wards forced to divide the island with the French. Since the revolution in France, this island has been subject to great calamities. In 1791, an insurrection began in the French plantations, which, after a series of sanguinary scenes, has terminated in the establishment of a free African state, under the name of the Republic of Hayti. In 1821, the Spanish par fell also under the authority of Boyer, the presi dent or king, and left him master of the whole island. St. Domingo has Cuba W. Porto Rice E. and Jamaica SW. DOMINGO, St. capital of the E. part of th Island of St. Domingo, on a navigable river. I had formerly a harbor, but it is now choke up with sand. Though its trade has been long extinct, it was in a respectable conditio: while it continued in the hands of the Span iards. The city itself is large, well built o: stone, and defended by batteries. Lon. 70 10 W. lat 18 20 N. DOMINICA, one of the windward Caribbe islands in the W. Indies. It lies about hal way between Guadaloupe and Martinico, an is 28 m. long and 13 broad. It was taken b the English in 1761, and confirmed to them b the peace of 1763. The French took it in 1778 but restored it in 1783. The capital is Char lottetown. DON, r. Upper Canada, runs into Lake On tario at York Harbor. DONALDSON, v. Rowan co. N. C. DONALDSONVILLE, t. in the parish o Ascension, La. on the W bank of the Missis ppi, at the efflux of the Lafburche, 90 m. bove New Orleans. DONEGAL, t Lancaster co. Pa. on NE. ide of the Susquehannah ; 18 ra. WNW. from ancaster. DONEGAL, t Washington co. Pa. It lies >W. from W. DONEGAL, t. Westmoreland co. Pa.; E. f Laurel Hill. DONEGAL, t. Butler co. Pa. DONNA MARIA BAY, on the W. coast f the island of Hispaniola. DORCHESTER, t. Grafton co. N. H ; 15 m. from Plymouth. Pop. 702. DORCHESTER, t. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 3 m. from Boston. Pop. 4,064. It is a very Peasant town, and contains many fine country- seats, a town-house, and 4 houses of public worship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Vlethodists ; and has some manufactures. DORCHESTER, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, and extending along the E. bank of the Chaudiere. DORCHESTER, t. Middlesex co. U. C. DORCHESTER, t. Cumberland co. N. J. on the E. side of Morris river, 5 m. from its mouth, 17 E. from Fairfield. DORCHESTER, co. Md. on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, bounded N. by Tal- )ot and Caroline counties, E. by Delaware, S and W. by Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 18,685 Dhief town, Cambridge. DORCHESTER, t. and cap. Colleton dis- ;rict, S. C. on Ashley river, 18m. WNW. from Charleston. DORSET, t. Bennington co. Vt. about 25 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 1,507. DOUBLE-BRIDGE, v. Lunenburg co. Va. DOUGHTY S FALLS, v. York co. Maine. DOUGLAS, Cape, lofty promontory on the W. coast of America, within the entrance of Cook s river. It was discovered by captain Cook in 1778. Its summit forms two very high mountains. Lon. from W. 75 30 W. lat. 58 N. DOUGLAS ISLAND, between Admiralty island and the NW. coast of America. Lat. 5816 N. DOUGLASS, v. Worcester co. Mass., 25 m. from Providence, R. I., 4 from the NW. angle of that state, and 39 SW. from Boston. Pop. in 1820, 1,375 ; in 1830, 1,742. DOUGLASS, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the N. side of the Schuylkill. DOUGLASS, t. Berks co. Pa. DOUGLASS-MILLS, v. Cumberland co Pa. DOVE, cape, on the coast of Nova Scotia. Lon. 64 W. lat. 54 20 N. DOVER, t. and cap. Strafford co. N. H. 12 m. NNW. from Portsmouth. Lat. 43 11 N. long. 70 50 W. Pop. 5,449. The village is at the head of the tide, on Cocheco river, 4 m. above its junction with Salmon Falls river. It is an ancient town, having been incorporated in 1633, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, a printing-office, and two houses for pub. He worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 fo^ DOV DUG 255 Friends. Dover has of late made much pro gress in manufactures. A company with a capital of $500,000, have erected a rolling and ulitting mill and nail factory, at which 1,000 tons of iron are rolled and 600 or 700 cut into nails annually, and 2 cotton factories, one of which has 4,000 spindles and 120 or 130 looms, and is calculated to produce 20,000 yards of cloth per week. Other improvements are be gun. Dover has daily communications with Portsmouth by a packet-boat. DOVER, Penobscot co. Me. 155 m. NE. from Portland. DOVER, t. Windham co. Vt. Pop. 831. DOVER, t. Norfolk co. Mass, on Charles r. 7 m. W. from Dedharn, 16 SW. from Boston. Pop. 497. DOVER, v. Kent co. Del. and the seat of state government; situated on Jones creek, near its junction with the river Delaware, about 36 m. S. of Newcastle. This small town is neatly built, the houses being mostly of bricks, and the streets disposed with regularity. In the centre is a handsome square, on which the state-house and public offices are erected. It lies in the lat. of 39 10 N. and Ion. 75 30 W. Pop. 1,300. DOVER, t. York co. Pa. situated about 8 m. westward from York. Pop. 1,600. DOVER, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 2,193 ; in 1830, 2,198. DOVER, t Montnouth co. N. J. on Cedar Bay creek, 40 m. E. from Philadelphia. DOVER, t. York co. Pa. on a branch of Conewago creek. Pop. 2,000. DOVER, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 400. DOVER, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 700. DOVER, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 950. DOVER, t. and seat of justice, Stuart co. Ten. on the left bank of Cumberland riv.er, 35 m. below Clarksville. DOVER, Kent co. U. C. on the right bank of the Thames, opposite Raleigh. DOWNE, t. Cumberland co. N. J. DOWNINGTOWN, t. Chester co. Pa. on the E. side of Brandy wine creek, 33 m. W. by N. from Philadelphia. It is a pleasant village. DOYLESTOWN, t. Bucks co. Pa. 15 m. NW. from Newton, 26 N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 2,162. DOYLESVILLE, v. Feliciana co. La. DRACUT, t. Middlesex co. Mass. Pop. 1,615. DRAKE S FERRY, v. Huntingdon co. Pa.; 142 m. from W. DRANSVILLE, t Fairfax co. Va. DRESDEN, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on E. side of the Kennebeck ; 9 m. NW. from Wiscasset, 160 NE. from Boston, W. 613. Pop. 1,559. DRESDEN, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 15 m. N. Zanesville. DREWSVILLE, v. Cheshire co. N. H. 60 m. from Concord. DRIPPING SPRINGS, v. Warren co. Ky. 708 m. from W. DROMORE, t. Lancaster co. Pa., on E side of the Susquehannah ; 17 m. S. from Lancas ter. Pop. 1,500. DROWNED LANDS, raluable tract of about 50,000 acres in the state of N. Y., on the N. side of the mountains, in Orange co. The waters, which descend from the surround, ing hills, being slowly discharged by the river Walkill, cover these vast meadows every win- ter, and render them extremely fertile. DROWNED MEADOW, v. in Brookhaven, N. Y. ; 3 m. E. from Stony Brook, 68 E. from New- York, 303 from W. DRUMMONDTOWN, t. and cap. Accomac co. Va. ; about 25 m. S. from Snowhill, Md., 215 m. from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, and about 40 houses. DRUMMOND S ISLAND, in Lake Huron, 36 m. E. from Mackinaw. Here the British government maintains a garrison, and trading post. DRY RIDGE, v. Pendleton co. Ky. DRYDEN, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. ; 37 m S. from Auburn, 170 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 5,206. DUANESBURG, t. Schenectady co. N. Y. ; 23 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,837. DUBLIN, t. Cheshire co. N. H.; 12 m. ESE. from Keene. Pop. 1,218. It lies on the N. side of Grand Monadnock, and joins upon Jaffrey. DUBLIN, t. Harford co. Md., 78 m. from W. DUBLIN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,000. DUBLIN, t. Bedford co. Pa. DUBLIN, t. and cap. Laurens co. Georgia, on the SW. branch of the Oconee ; 45 m. S. from Milledgeville, 720 m. from W. It con- tains a court-house and a jail. DUBLIN, Lower, t. Philadelphia co. on the Delaware ; 10 m. N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 3,000. DUBLIN, Upper, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 2,102. DUBLIN, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the right bank of Scioto river, 12 m. NW. from Colum bus. Pop. about 100. DUBOIS, or Lake of the Woods, lake of British N. America, W. from Lake La Pluie. or Lake Rain. The river La Pluie flows from the latter to the former. The discharge of the Lake of the Woods is again into Lake Winni- pec. The NW. boundary of the U. S. on N. lat. 49 intersects the W. bank of the Lake of the Woods. DUBOIS, co. Ind., bounded by Perry SE., Spencer S., Warwick SW., Pike W., Davies NW., Owen N., and Orange and Crawford E., length 20 m., mean width 18 m. Pop. in 1820, 1,168 ; in 1830, 1,774. Portersville, chief town. DUBUQUE S ,LEAD-MINES, Miso. the name of a tract of country commencing 60 m. below Prairie du Chien, and extending about 20 miles along the W. bank of the Mississippi by 9 in depth. It contains rich lead-mineu, which are wrought by the Indians. DUCHAT, small r. Indiana, flows from the N. into the Wabash, between Fort Harrison and Tippecanoe creek. DUCHENE, r. Lower Canada, runs from the N. into the St. Lawrence opposite Isle Je- sus. Long. 71 54 W. lat. 46 45 N. DUCK, r. Tennessee, which rises in Frank lin co. and flows W. by N. through Bedford, 256 DUG DUR Maury, Hickman, and Humphreys cos., and on W. side of the last joins the Tennessee, about 80 m. W. from Nashville. It is naviga ble for boats 90 miles. DUCK CREEK, hundred, in N. side of Kent co. Delaware. Pop. 4,000. DUCK CREEK, r. Del., which runs into Delaware bay DUCK CREEK, Little, r. Del., which runs into Delaware bay. DUCK CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, 1 m. above Marietta. DUCK ISLANDS, two small islands in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 64 4 W. lat. 44 10 N. DUCK ISLANDS, Upper Canada, in Lake Ontario, near its outlet, with a good harbor. DUCK ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of Maine. Lon. 67 43 W. lat. 44 45 N. DUCK RIVER, small r. Michigan territory, which flows into the west side of Green-bay, about 3 miles from Fort Howard. DUDLEY, t Worcester co. Mass. ; 18 m. SSW. from Worcester, 55 SW. from Boston, 380 from W. Pop. 2,155. DUDLEY ISLAND, island in Passama- quoddy bay, Maine, belonging to Eastport. DUFF S FORKS, v. Fayette co. Ohio. DUGDOMONI, the western branch of the Octahoola, Louisiana. DUKE S, co. Mass. It comprises Martha s Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands. Pop. 3,518. Chief town, Edgartown. DULCE, r. of N. America, in Costa Rica, and Veragua, falls into the Gulf of Dulce, after separating the two provinces from which it flows. DULCE, gulf of the Pacific ocean, into which the river Dulce is discharged, lat. 9 N. DUMFRIES, t. port of entry, and cap. of Prince William co. Va., on the Quantico, which falls into the Potomac 3 m. below the town ; 33 m. S. from W., 88 N. from Richmond. Lon. 77 28 W. lat. 38 40 N. It contains a court house, a jail, a meeting-house, a large ware house, and about 300 buildings ; and has some trade. The Quantico is navigable as far as to the town for boats of 20 tons. At the mouth of the river there is a very handsome and ex cellent harbor. DUMMER, t. Coos co. N. H. 95 m. N. from Concord. Pop. 65. DUMMERSTON, t. Windham co. Vt.; 31 m. E. from Bennington, 5 N. from Brattlebo- rough, 431 from W. Pop. 1,592. DUMSBURG, t. Lycoming co. Pa. DUNBAR, t. Fayette co. Pa. DUNBARTON, t. Merrimack co. N. H. on W. side of the Merrimack, opposite Chester ; 18 m. N. from Amherst, 55 W. from Ports mouth. Pop. 1,067. DUNCAN, fort, U. C. at the N. end of lake Nipigon. DUNCAN S CANAL, inlet on an island off the NW. coast of America, in lat. 56 58 N. DUNCANSVILLE, v. Barnwell district, S. C. 623 m. from W. DUNDAFF, v. Susquehannah co. Pa. DUNDAS ISLAND, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 54 30 N. DUNDAS, co. of Upper Canada, bounded E. by Stormont, SE. by St. Lawrence river, W. by Greenville, and N. by Ottawa river. DUNGENESS, New, point, on the NW. coast of America, at the entrance of the gulf of New Georgia. Lat. 48 15 N. DUNHAM, t. Bedford co. L.C. on the SW. branch of the Yamaska. It is a fertile tract of country. Pop. 1,700. DUNKARD, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,055. DUNKIRK, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake Erie, 7 m. from the head of Casada Lake. DUNKIRK, t. King and Queen co. Va. 25 m. from Portroyal, 116 from W. DUNKLIN S, v. Newbury co. S. C. DUNLAPSVILLE, v. on E. branch of White Water river, Union co. In. 50 m. NW. from Cincinnati, and 83 a little S. of E. from Indianapolis. DUNNING STREET, v. Saratoga co. N. Y 30 m. N. from Albany DUNNSBURG, v. Lycoming co. Pa. DUNSTABLE, t Hillsborough eo. N. H. on the W. side of Merrimack river,, 12 m. SE. from Amherst, 40 NW. from Boston. Po 2,417. DUNSTABLE, t. Middlesex eo. Mass, on the S. side of the Merrimaek, 37 m. NW. from Boston. Pop. 593. DUNSTABLE, t Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 500. DUNSTANVILLE, v. Edgefield district, S. C. 67 m. W. from Columbia. DUNVEGAN, fort, N. America, on Peace r. Lon. 119 W. lat. 56 N. DUNWICK, t. Middlesex co. U. C. on Lake Erie. DUNWICH, t U. C. co. of Suffolk, lies to the W. of Southwold, having the river Thames for its N. and Lake Erie for its S. boundary. DUPAGE, lake, In. is the expansion of the river Des Planes, 5 miles before it meets the Kankakee. DUPLIN, co. in Wilmington district, N. C. Pop. 11,373. Chief town, Kenansville. At the C. H. is a post-office, 55 m. N. from Wil mington. DUPLIN, Old, v. Duplin co. N. C. DUPREESVILLE, v. Northampton co. N C. 206 m. from W. DURANT S BAY, inlet on the coast of N. C. in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76 16 W lat. 35 40 N. DURANT S ISLAND, small isl. in Albe- marie sound, N. C. Lon. 76 15 W. lat 35 46 N. DURANT S POINT, cape, on the coast of N. C. in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76 30 W at. 36 5 N. DURANGO, an intendency of Mexico. It s bounded N. by New Mexico, E. by San Luis Potosi, S. by Zacatecas and Guadalaxara, and W. by Sonora. It contains 129,947 eq. ms. and only 159,700 inhabitants. DURANGO, t. Mexico, in the intendency of Durango, It is the residence of the in DUR EAS 257 tcndent and of a bishop : 170 leagues NW. from the city of Mexico. Pop. 12,000. DURHAM, t Buckingham co. L.C. between Wickham and Melborne, 60 m. E. from Mont real. DURHAM, t. Greene co. N. Y. 20 m. NW. from Athens. Pop. in 1820, 2,979 ; in 1830, 3,039. DURHAM, co. U. C. DURHAM, northern t. of Bucks co. Pa. on the W. side of the river Delaware, 12 m. S. from Easton. Pop. 526. DURHAM, t. Cumberland co. Me. on the Androscoggin, 26 m. NE. from Portland. Pop. 1,731. DURHAM, t Middlesex co. Ct. 7 m. S. from Middletown, 18 NE. from New Haven. Pop. 1,116. DURHAM, formerly Freehold, t. Greene co. N. Y. on Catskill r. 20 m. NW. from Athens, 30 SW. from Albany. Pop. 3,039. It con- tains 1 Methodist and 2 Presbyterian churches, and a public library of 500 volumes. DURHAM, New, t. Strafford co. N. H. 38 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,606. DURHAM CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Delaware, Ion. 75 15 W. lat. 40 35 N. DUTCHESS, co. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hudson, bounded N. by Columbia co. E. by Connecticut, S. by Putnam co. and W. by the Hudson, which separates it from Orange and Ulster counties. Pop. 50,926. Chief town, Poughkeepsie. DUTCH SETTLEMENT, v. in Catharines, Tioga co. N. Y. DUTOTSBURG, t. Northampton co. Pa. DUTTON, v. Penobscot co. Maine, 135 m. NE. from Portland. Pop. 652. DUTY S, v. Sumner co. Ten. DUTYSVILLE, v. Sumner co. Ten. DUXBOROUGH, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 10 m. N. from Plymouth, 38 SE. from Boston. Pop. 2,705. A number of vessels are owned here, and employed in the coasting trade and the fisheries. DUXBURY, t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion river, 13 m. W. from Montpelier. Pop. 652. DWIGHT, Arkansas territory, a missionary station among the Cherokees, established in 1820 by the American Board of Foreign Mis sions. It is on the W. bank of the Illinois r. which empties into the Arkansas 4 m. below, and is navigable for keel-boats to Dwigbt. The site of the settlement is a small eminence, at the foot of which issues a large spring of pure water. The lands on both sides of the river are fertile, and there is a good mill-seat in the vicinity. Houses are erected for the accom modation of the mission family, and a school is opened. It is 200 m. above the town of Ar kansas, 130 above Little Rock, 500, as the river runs, from the mouth of the Arkansas, 100 be low Fort Smith. DYBERRY, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 400. DYER S ISLAND, in the head of the bay of Quinte, lies to the eastward of Missassaga Island, U. C. DYER, v. Dyer co. Ten. DYER, co. of Ten. situation and boundaries 2H uncertain. It has been recently erected Pop. 1,904. Dyersburg is the capital E. EAGLE, t. Brown co. Ohio. EAGLE, t. Hockhocking co. Ohio. EAGLE, t. St. Clair co. Illinois. EAGLE CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, 10 m. below Maysville, Ken. EAGLE ISLAND, Hancock co. Maine. EAGLE RIVER, a river of N. America, which runs into the Mississippi. Lon. 92 14 W. lat. 43 3 50 N. EAGLE VILLE, r. in Manlras, N. Y. 1 J m. E. from Manlius village. EAGLEVILLE, t. Alabama, on the Tom- bigbee, just below the junction of the Black Warrior. It is the chief town of a French settlement, and is pleasantly situated in a very fertile country. EARDLEY, t. York co. L.C. on Ottawa r. NW. of Montreal. EARL, t. Berks eo. Pa. Pop. 850. EARL, t Lancaster eo. Pa. on Conestoga creek. Pop. 5,100. EARLY, co. Geo. Pop. 2,051. EARTHQUAKE LAKE, lake, Missouri, about 40 rn. W. from New Madrid. It is about 20 miles long. EAST BRANCH, r. Ohio, which joins the Little Miami, in N. part of Hamilton co. EAST ANDOVER, t. of Oxford co. Maine, 30 m. NW. from Paris. EAST BAY, in Adolphustown, Bay of Quinte, U. C. is where the forks of the N. Channel open, descending south-westerly from Hay bay. EAST BECKET, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 25 m. W. from Northampton. EAST BETHEL, v. Oxford co. Me. 71 m. from Portland. EAST BLOOMFIELD, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 6 m. W. from Canandaigua. EAST-BRIDGEWATER, v. Plymouth co. Mass. Pop. 1,653. EAST-CHESTER, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 8 m. S. from White Plains, 20 N. from New York. Pop. 1,300. EASTERN, t. Chenango co. N. Y. EASTERN BAY, bay on E. side of Ches apeake Bay. Lat. 38 50 N. EASTERN NECK, id. E. side of Chesa peake Bay, at N. entrance of Chester river; 3 miles long, \ broad. EASTERN RIVER, r. Maine, which joins the Kennebeck, at Dresden. EASTERTON, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on E. side of the Susquehannah, 4m. above Harrisburg. EASTHAM, t. Barnstable co. Mass, on Barnstable Bay, 24 m. ENE. from Barnstable, 89 SE. from Boston, 519 from W. Pop. 966. EAST-DISTRICT, t Berks co. Pa. Pop. 956. EAST FALLS OF MACHIAS, v. Wash ington co. Maine, 5 m. E. from Maohias, 780 from W. EASTERN DISTRICT, of U. C. bounded E. by the province of L. C., S. by the river St Lawrence, N. by the Ottawa river, and W. by 258 EAS EAT a meridian passing through the mouth of the Gananoque river, in Leeds co. EAST GOSHEN, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 6 m. N. from Litchfield. EAST GREEN WICH,t. and cap. Kent co. R. I. on an arm of Narraganset Bay, 16 m. S. from Providence, 22 NNW. from Newport. Pop. 1,591. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and two churches. EAST GUILFORD, v. in Guilford, New Haven co. Ct. EAST HADDAM, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, 14 m. S. from Middletown, 21 NW. from New London. Pop. 2,763. It contains 4 churches, 3 for Congre gational ists, and 1 for Episcopalians. EAST HAMBURG, t. Erie co. N. Y. EAST-HAMPTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 5 m. S. from Northampton, 90 m. W. from Bos ton. Pop. 734. EAST-HAMPTON, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. SE. part of Long Island, 110 m. E. from New York, 347 from W. Pop. 1,668. It includes Mon- tauk and Gardner s Island. Clinton academy is in this town. It is a respectable seminary. EAST HARTFORD, t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Hart ford, with which it is connected by a bridge. Pop. 3,373. It contains 4 churches, 2 for Con- gregationalists, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Meth odists. Here are numerous mills and manu factories. About f of a mile from the river is a wide street, compactly settled, with a row of stately elms in the middle, extending 2 m. EAST-HAVEN, t. Essex co. Vt. 45 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 33. EAST-HAVEN, t. Hew-Havcn co. Ct. 4 m. E. from New-Haven. Pop. 1,229. EAST HECTOR, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. 12 in. W. from Ithaca. Pop. 5,212. EAST ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lat. 32 N. EAST KINGSTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 22 m. SVV. from Portsmouth. Pop. 443. EAST LIVERMORE, t. Oxford co.Me.on E. side of Androscoggin r. 66 m. from Portland. EAST MAIN, part of New Britain, on the peninsula of Labrador ; lies along the E. shore of James Bay. EAST MAIN HOUSE, one of the British stations for Indian fur trade, stands on a river flowing into James Bay. Lat. 52 15 N. EAST MARLBOROUGH, t. Chester co. Pa. on Red Clay creek, 9 in. S. from Downing- town. Pop. 1,050. EAST MINOT, t. Cumberland co. Me. 39 m. N. from Portland. The township of East Minot forms the NE. angle of the county. Pop. 2,908. EASTON, t. Bristol co. Mass. 10 m. N. from Taunton, 22 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,756. EASTON, t Washington co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 16 m. SW. from Salem, 27 N. from Albany. Pop. 3,753. EASTON, t. and cap. Northampton co. Pa. is pleasantly situated on the Delaware, at the mouth of the Lehigh, 12 m. NE. from Bethle hem, 58 N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 3,589. It is regularly laid out and contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 2 banks. There is a bridge over the Delaware at this place, 570 feet long. The Delaware, Morris, and Lehigh canals unite at this place. It is 190 m. from W. EASTON, t. and cap. Talbot co. Md. is on Treadhaven creek, 12 m. above its junction with the Choptank, 42 ESE. from Annapolis, 37 S. from Chester. It is the largest town on the E. shore of Maryland, and a place of con siderable business. It contains a bank, acad emy, arsenal, court-house, jail, two printing- offices, and 4 houses for public worship ; 1 for Methodists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends, and 1 for blacks. Pop. about 1,600. It is 84 m. from W. EAST PITTSTON, t. in the southern part of Kennebeck co. Me. E. from Kennebeck r. and 60 m. NE. from Portland. EASTPORT, v. and port of entry, Wash ington co. Me. at the mouth of Cobscook river, 280 m. NE. from Portland. This town has rapidly increased ; its shipping exceeds 7,000 tons. Pop. in 1820, 1,937 ; in 1830, 2,450. EAST PULTNEY, a small river, rising in Rutland co. Vt. which enters Lake Champlain at Whitehall, and from thai place to the village of Pultney, separates N. York from Vermont. EAST RIVER, r. or rather a channel or sound, between Long Island and New York Island, and between Long Island and the state of Connecticut, where it is more generally called Long Island Sound. EAST RIVER, port of entry, Va, Amount of shipping, 1,788 tons. EAST RIVER, Florida, runs into Pensaco- la Bay. EAST SUDBURY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 18 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 944. EAST TOWN, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 587. EAST UNION, t. Wayne co. Ohio, G m. E. from Wooster. Pop. 800. EASTVILLE, v. on the E. shore of Va. in Northampton co. 164 m. from Richmond. EAST WINDSOR, t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut r. 8 m. above Hart ford. Pop. in 1820, 3,400 ; in 1830, 3,537. EASTWOODFORD, v. Union district, S.C. 116 m. NNW. from Columbia. EATON, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 84 m. SSE. from Three Rivers. EATON, t. Stafford co. N. H., on Ossipee Lake, 50 m. NE. from Concord. Pop. in 1820, 1,071 ; in 1830, 1,432. EATON, t. Madison co. N. Y on the head of Chenango r. 30 m. SW. from Utica. Pop. in 1820, 3,021 ; in 1830, 3,558. EATON, t. and seat of justice, Preble co. Ohio. The village is seated near a quarter of a mile from Old Fort St. Clair, 34 m. W. from Dayton, and 50 N. from Cincinnati. Pop. 511. Lat. 39 45 N. ; Ion. from W. 7 38 W. EATON S NECK, the N. extremity of Hun- tington, in Suffolk co. on Long Island, N. Y. where a light-house is erected, EATON S NECK LIGHT-HOUSE, Hun- tington, Suffolk co. N. Y on Long Island. It is situated on a point of land N. from Hunting- EAT EDW ton Bay, on Long Island Sound, 40 m, ENE. from New York, and nearly opposite Norwalk in Connecticut. EATONTON, t. and cap, Putnam co, Geo, in a very healthy situation. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and-a church, which is erected on the academy square, and is open to Christians of every denomination. The academy consists of 2 handsome 2 story build ings, 150 yards apart, one for males and the other for females, and has a library and philo sophical apparatus. It is 22 m, NW. from Milledgeville, and 650 from W. EATONTOWN, v. Monmouth co, N, J. 1 m. from the town of Shrewsbury. EBENEZER, creek, Geo, runs SE, and falls into Savannah river at Ebenezer. EBENEZER, t Effingham co, Geo. on Sa vannah river, 25 m. NNW. from Savannah, It was settled in 1735, by Protestants from Germany. EBENEZER ACADEMY, v. York co. S. Carolina. EBENEZER ISLAND, small island in the Savannah, near Purysburg. EBENSBURG, t. and cap. Cambria co. Pa, 53 m. W. from Huntingdon, 75 E. from Pitts- burg, 190 from W. Pop. 270, ECONOMY, a beautiful little village in Beaver co. Pa. on the Ohio, a few miles below Pittsburg. It is inhabited solely by the sect of Harmonists under the celebrated Rapp. The village is regularly laid out with wide and rectangular streets. The houses are mostly of wood. The inhabitants are Germans, and are very industriously occupied in manufac tures and husbandry. They have a woollen and cotton manufactory with steam machinery on a large scale, also breweries, distilleries, tanyards, &c. The buildings for these are generally of brick. Here is also a handsome church, and a spacious building with a hall for concerts, a museum, a mineralogical collection, a mathematical school, a library, and a school for drawing. Considerable attention is paid to the cultivation of grapes, and close to the vil lage is a hill covered with vineyards. All their property is held in common. They car ry on an extensive trade with the neighboring country, and are in a very thriving condition. Pop. about 800. EDDENBURG, v. Portage co, Ohio; 120 m. NE. from Columbus. EDDINGTON, t. Penobscot co. Me. on Pe~ nobscot r. 5 m. E. from Bangor. Pop. 405, EDDY GROVE, t. Caldwell co. Ken. EDDYVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Cald well co. Ken. on the right bank of Cumberland river, 22 m. SE. by E. from Smithland on the Ohio, and 44 NW. from Clarksville, in Ten. Lat. 37 3 N. ; Ion. from W. 10 50 W. EDEN, v. Hancock co. Me. on the island of Mount Desert, 40 m. SSE. from Bangor, 163 NE. by E. from Portland. Pop. 957. EDEN, v. Erie co. N. Y. 268 m. W, from Albany. Pop. 1,066. EDEN, t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 37 m. N. from Montpelier. EDENBURG, v. Johnson co. In. ; i>7 m. from Indianapolis. EDEN S ISLAND, small island in the At- lantic, near the coast of S, C, EDENTON, s-p. and cap, Chowan oo. N, C. at the head of Edenton Bay, which sets up from Albemarle Sound ; 66 m. S. from Nor folk, 99 NNE. from Newborn, 139 SE. from Petersburg, Va, 192 NNE. from Wilming ton, 284 from W, Lon, 57 7 W. lat 36 N, It contains an elegant court-house, a jail, a bank, and an Episcopal church. It is advan tageously situated for trade, but the climate is unhealthy. A newspaper is published here. Pop, 1,500. EDGARTOWN, s-p. and cap. Duke s cc, Mass, on E. part of Martha s Vineyard, 14 rn. from the main; 87 m. S. from Boston, 500 fromW. Lat 41 25 N. Pop. 1,509. It is sometimes called Old Town. Near Old Town Harbor there is a handsome village, containing a court-house, a jail, and meeting-house, and 100 houses. It has considerable shipping. EDGECOMBE, cape of King George s Isl and, W. coast of N. America. Lon. 58 15 from W, lat 57 2 N. EDGECOMBE, co. central part of N. C. Pop. 14,933, Chief town, Tarborough, EDGECOMBE, t. Lincoln co. Me. opposite Wiscasset, on Sheepscot river. Pop. 1,258. EDGEFIELD, district of S. C. bounded by Savannah river NW. Abbeville NE. Newberry N. and Lexington, Orange, and Barnwell SE. Length 46 m. mean width 40. Chief town, Edgefield, Pop. in 1820, 25,179; 1830, 30,511. EDGMONT, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 651. EDINBURGH, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. : 26 m. N. from Ballston, 50 WNW. from Albany. Pop. 1,571. EDINBURGH, t. Dearborn co. In. half a mile from the Ohio, and near Lawrenceburg. EDINBURGH, t Elbert co, Geo, on Savan nah river. EDINBURGH, t. Portage co. Ohio, 6 m. SE. from Ravenna. Pop, 115. EDISTO, v. Orange co. S. C, ; 577 m. from W. EDISTO, considerable river of S, Carolina, which rises in the district of Edgefield, and after running in a SE direction between Barnwell and Orangeburgh, enters Colleton and falls into the ocean by two separate out lets in lat. 32 25 N, EDISTO, island of Georgia, formed by the two outlets of Edisto river. It is separated from Wadmelau island, by N. Edisto, and is fertile and well cultivated. EDMESTON, t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 20 m. W. from Cooperstown, Pop. in 1820, 1,841 ; 1830, ?^087. EDWARDS, co. II. on the Wabash. Pop. 1,649. Chief town, Albion. EDWARDSBURG,t. Greenville co.U. C. on St Lawrence river, 67 m. NE. from Kingston, EDMUNDSVILLE, v, Surrey co. Va, EDWARDSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison co. II. ; 15 m. NNE. from Cahokia, 75 N. from 260 EEL ELI Kaskaskia, 836 from W. It is situated in a very fertile country, and contains a land office, a bank, and about 50 houses, chiefly built of logs. EEL RIVER, r. N. America, which runs into the Wabash, Ion, 86 27 W. lat 40 31 N. EEL RIVER INDIANS, in NW. Terri tory, on the head waters of the Wabash. EFFINGHAM, co. L. C. extends from the Ottawa river, opposite Isle Jesus, in a NE. direction between York and Leinster counties. It lies NW. from Montreal. EFFINGHAM, t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 43 m. NE. from Concord. Pop. 1820, 1,368 ; in 1830, 1,911 EFFINGHAM, co. Geo. between Savannah and Great Ogeechee rivers, and bounded S. by Chatham, W. by Great Ogeechee river, NW. by Scriven, and NE. and E. by Savannah river. Length 26 m. width 18. Chief town, Spring field. Pop. 1820, 3,018 ; in 1830, 2,969. EGGHARBOR, Great, inlet and river, N. J. The river forms the boundary between Cape May and Gloucester counties, and runs into the inlet, in lat. 3.9 22 N. m. for vessels of 200 tons. It is navigable 20 EGGHARBOR, Great, s-p. and port of en try, Gloucester co. N. J. on the sea-coast, al the mouth of Eggharbor river, 60 m. from Philadelphia. Pop. 1,700. It has considera ble shipping. EGGHARBOR, Little, inlet, N. J. lies 17 m. N. from Great Eggharbor Inlet. It re ceives Mulicus creek, which is navigable 20 m. for vessels of 60 tons. EGGHARBOR, Little, s-p. and port of en try, Burlington co. N. J. on the sea-coast, 6( m. from Philadelphia. The compact part of the town is called Clamtown. Pop. 1,200. EGG ISLAND, island on the E. side of Delaware Bay, in Cumberland co. N. J. EGG ISLAND, small island on E. coast of Virginia, at the mouth of York river. EGLISE, River de I , r. L. Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence from the N. 44 m. below the Island of Orleans. EGMONT BAY, on the SW. coast of the Island of St. John, in the Gulf of St Law rence. Lon. 64 W. lat. 46 30 N. EGMONT ISLAND, in the Gulf of Mexi co, on the W. coast of Florida. Lon. 82 55 W. lat 27 54 N. EGREMONT, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 15 m. SSW, from Lenox. Pop. 889. EGYPT, New, v. Monmouth co. N. J. EIGHTEEN MILE CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, 18 m. below Galli- ELBA, t Genesee co, N. Y. Pop. 2,679. ELBERT, co. N. part of Georgia. Pop. 12,354, of whom 5,853 were people of color. Chief towns, Elberton and Petersburg, ELBERTON, t Elbert co. Georgia, on S. side of the Savannah ; 23 m. NW. from Pe- NE. side of the Ogeechee ; 48 m. NW. from Savannah, 55 SE. from Louisville. ELBRIDGE, v. Camillus, Onondaga co. N. York. ELDERTON, v. Armstrong co. Pa.; 190 m. W. from Harrisburg. ELDRIDGE, v. Buckingham co. Va.; 82 m. W. from Richmond. ELDRIDGE, t. Huron co. Ohio. ELEANOR S COVE, a harbor on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 220 51 E. lat. 59 44 N. ELIM, or Parkersville, v. Edgefield dis trict, S. C. ELIZABETH, t. Alleghany co. Pa. on E. side of the Monongahela, about 18 m. SSE. from Pittsburg. Pop. 3,050. ELIZABETH, t. Miami co. Ohio. ELIZABETH, v. Harrison co. In. ELIZABETH, t. Leeds co. U. Canada, op posite Morristown, St. Lawrence co. N. Y. ELIZABETH, t. and seat of justice, Essex co. N. Y. on Bouquet river, 130 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 1820, 889; in 1830, 1,729. Lat 44 12 N. Ion. 3 26 E. from W. ELIZABETH, r. Va. is formed by the union of two branches, at Norfolk, and flows into Hampton Roads, 8 m. below. It is from 150 to 200 fathoms wide, and at common floods has 18 feet water to Norfolk. Its entrance is defended by a fort ; see Craney Island. Tho canal, connecting the waters of Albemarle Sound with Chesapeake Bay, communicate with the S. branch of Elizabeth river, 9 m. above Norfolk. ELIZABETH, t Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 295. ELIZABETH, v. Callaway co. Miso. about 25 m. NE. from Osage, at the mouth of Osage river, and by the post route, 10 m. W. from St Charles. ELIZABETH CAPE, the NE. point at the entrance of Cook s inlet. Lat. 59 9 N. There is another cape of this name, on the Main. Lat43 c 22 N. ELIZABETH CITY, t. and seat of justice, Pasquotank co. N. C. on the right bank of Pas- quotank r. 45 m. S. from Norfolk, and 35 NE. from Edenton. Lat 36 12 N. ELIZABETH CITY, co. Va. between York and James rivers, having York and Warwick counties on the W. Pop. 5,068. Chief town, Hampton. ELIZABETH ISLANDS, on the S. coast of Mass, between Martha s Vineyard and the main land belonging to Duke s county. Lon. _7Qo 56 W. ; lat 41 24 41 32 N tersburg, 655 from W. tice for the county. It is the seat of jus- ELBERTON, t. Effingham co. Georgia, on They are about 16 in number, the principal of which are Nashawn, Pasqui, Nashawenua, Pinequese, and Cuttyhunk. ELIZABETH RIVER, r. N.C. which runs into the Neuse. Lon. 78 18 W. ; lat 33 56 N. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and bor. Essex co. N. J. 6 m. S. from Newark, 15 WSW. from New York. Lon. 74 12 W. ; lat 40 38 N. Pop. 3,457. It is pleasantly situated on a creek, emptying itself into Staien Island Sound, and contains an academy, bank, and 3 houses ELI ELL 261 for public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. Vessels of 20 or 30 tons come up to the town, and those of 200 or 300 tons come as far as Elizabeth- town Point, at the mouth of the creek, 2 m. distant. A steam-boat plies between the city of New York and the Point. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 18 m NW. from Lancaster, 80 W. by N. from Philadelphia. ELIZABETHTOWN, v. Allegheny co. Pa. on the E. side of Monongahela river, about 12 m. above its junction with the Ohio, and the same distance S. by E. from Pittsburg. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and seat of justice, Bladen co. N. C. on the right bank of Cape Fear river, 40 m. above Wilmington, and 55 below Fayetteville. Lat. 34 38 N. ; Ion. from W. 1 40 W. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and seat of justice, Hardin co. Ken. on the head of Nolin creek, a branch of G r een river, 45 m. nearly S. from Louisville. Lat. 37 47 N. ; Ion. from W. 8 35 . ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and seat of justice, Carter co. Ten. on the left bank of Watauga river, 130 m. above Knoxville. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Harrison co. In. ELIZABETHTOWN, v. Hamilton co.Ohio, 119 m. SW. from Columbus. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and cap. Tyrrel co, N. C. on S. side of Albemarle Sound. It con tains a court-house, a jaiL, and a few houses. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Ohio co. Va. on E. bank of the Ohio, 12 m. S. from Wheeling. ELIZA VILLE, v. Fleming co. Ken. ELK, r. Miso. which runs into the Missis sippi, 4 m. above the Little Falls. It is 40 yards wide at its mouth, and there is a short portage from its waters to the St Anthony. ELK, r. of the E. shore of Maryland, is formed by the union of Big and Little Elk creeks, at Elkton, and flows into the Chesa peake 13 m. below. ELK, r. rises on the W. side of the Cum berland mountains, in Ten. and flowing SW into Alabama, joins Tennessee river, a little above the Muscle Shoals, 40 m. WNW. from Creeks crossing-place. ELK, r. of western Va. rises in Randolph co. and flowing W. by comparative courses about 100 m. falls into the great Kenhawa al Charleston. ELK CREEK, Pa. unites with Penn s creek and falls into the Susquehannah, 5 m. below Sunbury. ELK CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Miami in Madison, Butler co. ELKHOLM, v. Montgomery co. Miso. 56 m. W. from St Charles. ELKHORN, r. Ken. runs into Kentucky r 9 m. below Frankfort, and is 50 yards wide a its mouth. ELKHORN, t Montgomery co. Miso. ELK LAKE, between Lake of the Woods and Lake Superior. Lon. 93 W.; lat 48 41 N. ELKMARSH, v. Fauquier co. Va. ELKRIDGE LANDING, t Ann-Arunde co. Md. on the S. bank of the Patapsco, at the Falls, 8 m. SW. from Baltimore ; noted for its obacco called kite s foot. ELKRUN, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. ELKRUN CHURCH, v. Fauquier co. Va. ELKTON, t. and cap. Cecil co. Md. at the brks of Elk river, 13 m. above its mouth at Turkey Point, 12 m. SW. from Christiana bridge, 10 N. from Charlestown, 46 SW. from Philadelphia, 56 NE. from Baltimore. The tide flows up to the town, and there was for merly a brisk trade between Philadelphia and Baltimore, through this place. The village is well built, and the public buildings are a court- louse, jail, bank, and Methodist church. ELKTON, t. Giles co. Ten. ELKTON, t. Christian co. Ken. ELKTON, v. and seat, of justice, Todd co. Ken. 190 m. NW. from Frankfort. ELLENSVILLE, v. in the southern part of Ulster co. N. Y. ELLERY, v.Chatauqueco.N.Y. Pop. 2,001. ELLICOTT, t Chatauque co. N. Y., SE. from Chatauque. Pop. 2,101. ELLICOTTS, or Eleven-mile creek, N. Y. runs into the Tonnewanta, at its entrance into Niagara river. ELLICOTTS CROSS ROADS, v. Cumber land co. Ken. ELLICOTTS MILLS, v. Baltimore co. Md. ELLICOTTVILLE, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. ELLINGTON, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. Pop. 2,279. ELLINGTON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 13 m. NE. from Hartford. Pop. 1,455. There is a cele brated boarding-school for boys at this place. ELLIOTT, t. York co. Me. Pop. 1,845. ELLIOTT, missionary station of the Amer ican board of Foreign Missions, on a branch of the Yazoo, 150 m. NE. from Walnut-hills. At this place has been erected since 1818, a village containing about 20 houses, a Lancas- terian school established, and other judicious measures adopted to civilize the neighboring savages. ELLIOT S ISLAND, in the Gulf of Flor ida, between Florida peninsula and the Cat Keys. Lat. 25 33 N. ELLIS, r. Coos co. N. H. runs into the Sa- co, in Bartlett. ELLIS, r. Me. which runs into the Andros- coggin, in W. part of Rumford. ELLISBURG, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. ELLISBURN, 1. Jefferson co. N. Y. Pop. 5,292, ELLISBURY, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. at the mouth of Sandy Creek. ELLIS S FERRY, v. Adams co. Miss. ELLISVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Pa. ELLISVILLE, v. Warren co. N. C. ELLISVILLE, or Lower Blue Lick, v. in Nicholas co. Ken. on a small branch of Lick ing r. 50 m, NE. by E. from Frankfort. ELLSWORTH, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. NNW. from Plymouth. Pop. 234. ELLSWORTH, t. Hancock co. Me. 24 m. NE. from Castine. Pop. 1,385. ELLSWORTH, v. Shaion, Litchfield co. Ct 202 ELM ERN on Oblong creek, branch of Housatonnuc river, 12 m. W. from Litchfield. ELMIRA CREEK, r. N. Y. which joins the Tioga, at Elmira. ELMORE, t. Orleans co. Vt. 16 m. N. from Montpelier. ELMSLEY, t Leeds co. U. C. ELSANBOROUGH, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop. 600. ELVIRA, t. II. on the waters of Cash river. ELY, t. Richelieu and Buckingham coun ties, L. C. east of Montreal. ELYRIA, t. E. part of Lorain co. Ohio. ELYRIA, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 200. ELYSIAN FIELDS, v. Amite co. Miss. ELYTON, v. Jefferson co. Ala. EMBARRASS, r. II. which runs into the Wabash, a little below Vincennes. EMBDEN, t. Somerset co. Maine, on Ken- nebeck river, 16 m. N. from Norridgewock. EMERY S MILLS, v. York co. Me. 51 m. by postroad from Portland. EMERSONVILLE, t. Gibson co. Indiana, 756 m. from W. EMERY S RIVER, r. Ten. which runs into the river Tennessee, 7 m. from Clinch r. EMMANUEL, co. Geo. on Ogeechee river, which separates it from Burke co. Pop. 2,681. County town, Swainsborough. EMMAUS, t. Northampton co. Pa. EMMITTSBURG, v. Frederick co. Md. between Flat Run and Tom s Creek, the west ern sources of Monocasy river, 1 m. S. Penn sylvania line, 24 NE. Fredericktown, 50 NW. Baltimore. Lat. a9 10 30" N. ENFIELD, t. Graflon co. N. H. 10 m. SE. Dartmouth College, 42 NW. Concord. It con tains a village of about 40 houses, which is on Mascony pond, and a village of Shakers. Pop. 1,492. ENFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass, on the E. side of Belchertown. ENFIELD, t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Suffield, with which it is connected by a bridge ; 16 m. N. Hartford. Here is a settlement of Shakers. Pop. 2,129. ENFIELD, t. Tompkins co. N. Y, ENFIELD, t Halifax co. N. C. ENGLISH NEIGHBORHOOD, v. Bergen co. N. J. on a NE. branch of the Hackinsac, W. of Fort Lee. ENGLISH POINT, cape, in the river St. Lawrence. Lon. 61 45 W. lat. 49 40 N. There is another cape of this name, on the S. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 53 29 W. lat. 46 49 N. ENGLISH TOWN, t Athens co. Ohio. - ENGLISH TOWN, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 18 m. E. from Princeton. ENNISVILLE, v. Huntingdon co. Pa, 79 m. W. from Harrisburg. ENO, river of N. C. rises in Orange co. and with Little river and Flat river, forms the Neuse, 17 m. below Hillsborough. ENOSBURG, v. Franklin co. Vt. on Mis- sisque river, 36 m. NE. from Burlington. Pop. 1,560. ENOREE, r. S. C. a NW. branch of Broad river. Its mouth is 5 m. below the mouth of Tiger river. EPHRATA, or Dunkard s Town, t. Lan caster co. Pa. on Cocalico creek, a branch of the Conestoga, 12 m. N. from Lancaster, 60 W. from Philadelphia. It is settled by a religious sect from Germany, called Dunkers. EPPING, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 20 m. W. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,263. ERABLIERE, r. In. runs into the Wabash on the N. side, between Fort Harrison and Tippecanoe creek. EQUINUNK CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Delaware. Lat. 41 52 N. ERIE, lake, N. America, through which the boundary line runs which separates the United States from Canada ; about 280 m. in length from SW. to NE. and from 10 to 60 in breadth. Lon. 78 35 to 83 10 W. lat. 41 20 to 42 50 N. This lake is of dangerous navigation, on account of the great number of rocks which project for many miles together from the north ern shore, without any shelter from storms. There are several tolerably good harbors on the S. shore, the principal of which are Buffa lo and Dunkirk, N. Y. Erie, Pa. Painesville, Cleveland, Granger, Sandusky, Croghansville, besides Put-in and Maumee bays, Ohio. It discharges its waters at NE. end into the river Niagara. A battle was fought here, on the 10th September, 1813, between the American fleet under commodore Perry, and the English fleet, in which the latter was taken. ERIE, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Niagara co. E. by Genesee co. S. by Cataraugus and Chatauque cos. W. by Lake Erie and Niagara river. Pop. in 1820, 15,668 ; in 1830, 35J10. Chief town, Buffalo. ERIE, co. the NW. corner of Pa. bounded N. by Lake Erie, E. by N. York, S. by Craw ford co. and W. by Ohio. Chief town, Erie. Pop. in 1820, 8,553; in 1830, 16,906. ERIE, or Presque Isle, t. and cap. Erie co. Pa. pleasantly situated on the S. side of Lake Erie, on the margin of a bay formed by Presque isle ; 80 m. SSW. from Buffalo, 136 N. from Pittsburg, 100 E. from Cleveland. It contains a court-house, jail, and printing-office. It has an excellent harbor for small vessels, but the entrance is narrow and difficult. The trade of the town is considerable. The portage be tween this place and French creek, one of the branches of Alleghany river, is only 16 miles, and a turnpike has been completed through this distance. Pop. in 1820, 635; in 1830, 1,329. ERIE, Fort, a fort, with a small village, in Bertie, Lincoln co. U. C. at the outlet of Lake Erie, opposite Black Rock, N. Y. 18 m. above the falls of Niagara. ERIE, district, Michigan. Pop. 1,340. ERIEVILLE, v. Madison co. N. Y. ERIN, t. In. on the Ohio, opposite Port Wil liam, at the mouth of Kentucky river, 10 m. below Vevay, and 12 above Madison. It is on elevated ground, and was laid out in 1815. ERNEST, t. of Lenox and Haddington co. U. C., W. and adjoining Kingston. ERR EVA 263 ERREL, t. Coos co. N. H. 100 m. N. from | of this rock on each side of the fissure is about Concord. Pop. 82. ERVING S GRANT, t. Franklin co. Mass. 107 m. NNW. from Boston. Pop. 429. ERWINNA, v. on Delaware r. in Bucks co. Pa. 15 m. above New Hope. ESCATARIA, small island in L. C. about 5 m. N. from Louisburg, in the island of Cape Breton. ERWINSVILLE, v. Rutherford co. N. C. 504 m. from W. ESCAMBIA, r. Alabama, which unites with the Conecah, in West Florida, near the north border. ESKELOOT INDIANS, N. America, on the narrows of Columbia. No. 1,000. ESKIMAUX BAY, bay on the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 57 50 W. lat. 51 30 N. ESKIMAUX, cape in Hudson s Bay. Lon. 94 50 W. lat. 61 12 N. ESKIMAUX ISLANDS, small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 63 W. lat. 50 15 N. ESOPUS, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, 4 m. S. from Kingston, 69 S. from Albany. ESOPUS, r. Ulster co. N. Y. which rises in the N W. part, flows by Kingston, and joins the Hudson at Saugerties, 1] m. below Catskill. Length 53 miles. ESPERANCE, v. in Schoharie, N. Y. 8 m. N. from Schoharie, 26 W. from Albany. It is situated on the Schoharie, and contains a paper- mill, and other valuable mills. ESSEX, co. NE. part of Vt. bounded N. by Canada, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Cale donia co. and W. by Orleans co. Pop. 3,981 Chief town, Guildhall. ESSEX, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on N. side of Onion river, 11 m. E. from Burlington. Pop. 1,664. ESSEX, co. NE. part of Mass, bounded N. by New Hampshire, E. and SE. by the Atlan tic, and W. and SW. by Middlesex co. Chief towns, Salern and Newburyport. Ipswich, Marblehead, Beverly, Lynn, Danvers, Glou cester, Newbury, Haverhill, and Andover, are all considerable towns. Pop. in 1820, 74,655 ; in 1830, 82,887. ESSEX, t. Essex co. Mass, on Chebacco river, 2 m. above its mouth, 5 SSE. from Ips wich, 12 NE. from Salem, gable for sloops of 60 tons. The river is navi- Here are built the boats called Chebacco boats. Essex formerly constituted the S. parish of Ipswich, and was called Chebacco. Pop. 1,345. ESSEX, co. N. Y. on Lake Champlain; bounded N. by Clinton and Franklin cos. E. by Lake Champlain, S. by Washington co. and W. by Montgomery and Franklin cos. Pop. m 1820, 12,811; in 1830, 19,387. Chief town, Elizabethtown. ESSEX, t. Essex co. N. Y. on Lake Cham- plain, 136 m. from Albany. The Split Rock in this town, is a rock projecting 50 yards into the lake, the point of which, consisting of about i an acre, and covered with trees, is removed from the main rock about 20 feet. The height 12 feet above the water. Pop. 1,543. ESSEX, co. N. J. on Hudson river, oppo site N. York ; bounded N. by Bergen co. E. by Bergen co. and Newark Bay, S. by Madi son co. and W. by Somerset and Morris cos. Pop. in 1820, 30,793 ; in 1830, 41,928. Chief town, Newark. ESSEX, co. Va. ; bounded N. by Rappahan- nock, which separates it from Richmond co. and inclosed on the other sides by Middlesex, King William, and Caroline cos. Pop. 10,541, of whom 6,417 are slaves. Chief town, Tap. pahannock. ESSEX, co. U. Canada, comprises the coun try between Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie ; bounded W. by Detroit river, and E. by Suf folk co. Chief town, Amherstburg. ESTILL, co. Ken. ; bounded N. by Mont gomery, NE. by Pike, E. by Perry, S. by Clay, W. by Madison, and NW. by Clarke. Length 40 m. mean width about 17. Chief town, Ir- ine. Pop. 1820, 3,507 ; in 1830, 4,618. ESTILLVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Scott co. Va. ; 33 m. a little S. of W. from Ab- ingdon, 116 NE. by E. from Knoxville, Ten. 370 SW. by W. from Richmond. ESTHER ISLAND, isl. in Prince William s Sound, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 60 50 N. ESTHERTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on E. side of Susquehannah ; 7 m. N. from Harrisburg. ESTOP ACHY RIVER, v. Washington co. Alabama. ESTRELLA, r. Guatimala, which enters the Pacific in lat. 9 5 N. ETNA, t. Penobscot co. Me. Pop. Ib20, 194; in 1830, 362. ETNA, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. ETOWAH, river of Georgia, rises in the Apalachian mountains, interlocking with the sources of the Chatahoochee, and flowing SW. joins in Alabama the Oostenalah, and forms the Coosa. EUBANKS, v. Cumberland co. Geo. ; 88 m. NE. from Milledgeville. EUCLID, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on Lake Erie ; 8 m. NE. from Cleveland. Pop. 1,000. EVERETTSHOUSE, v. Lewis co. Ken. EUKILLOGEE, a central district in the Cherokee country. In 1821 the United Breth ren established a mission here. It is 30 m. from Spring Place. EUSTIS, lake, Missouri Territory, the SW. head of Yellow-stone river. It is near the head of the Wallaumut, which runs into Co lumbia river. EUTAW SPRINGS, a small river of S. C. which runs into the Santee. Near its source a battle was fought in 1781, which, in effect, terminated the war in this state. EVANS, t. Erie co. N. Y. EVANSHAM, t. and cap. Wythe co. Va. on the E. side of the Reedy creek, a branch of the Kenhawa ; 40 m. E. from Christiansburg, 240 WSW. from Richmond. EVANSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Van derburg co. In, on the bank of the Ohio river 204 EVA FAI 51 m. S. from Vincennes, and 24 SE. from New Harmony. Lat. 38 1 N. EVANSVILLE, t. Monroe co. Ala. EVENSBURG, v. Crawford co. Pa. EVERITTSVILLE, v. Albemarle co. Va. EVESHAM, t. Burlington co. N. J. in the forks of Moore s creek ; 16 m. E. from Phila delphia, 25 S. from Burlington. Pop. 4,000. EUSTATIA, St. one of the smallest of the Leeward Islands in the West Indies. It is a mountain in the form of a sugar-loaf, whose top is hollow, and lies on the NW. of St. Chris topher, and belongs to the kingdom of the Netherlands. Lon. 63 10 W. lat. 17 23 N. EVIT S CREEK, r. Maryland, which runs into the Potomac, Ion. 78 44 W. lat. 39 83 N. EWINGSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken.; 749 rn. from W. EWINGSVILLE, v. Cecil co. Md. EXETER, r. N. H. which rises from a small pond in Sandown, and pursues generally an easterly course till it meets the tide at Ex eter ; it afterwards pursues a NE. course, and communicates with the Piscataqua through Great Bay. The Indian name, from Exeter to the entrance into the Piscataqua, is Swamscot. EXETER, t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 14 m. SW. by W. from Portsmouth, 15 NNW. from Newburyport, 18 NNE. from Haverhill, 43 SE. by E. from Concord, 47 N. by E. from Boston, 489 from W. Pop. 2,759. It is a hand some village. Small sea-vessels ascend to it, it being at the head of tide-water on Exeter river. It contains a number of public buildings and three churches, and is the seat of very consid erable manufactures. Phillips Exeter Acade my in this place is one of the most ancient, opulent, and useful institutions in the United States, having many of the advantages and en dowments of a college. It has been almost exclusively devoted to the preparation of schol ars for college. The whole number that have been educated is 2,025. Number of instruc tors 4, including a writing and singing mas ter. Number of volumes in the library, 680. The building is an elegant edifice, 76 feet by 30, with wings 34 by 28. EXETER, t. Penobscot co. Maine ; 62 m. NW. from Castine, 264 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,438. EXETER, t. Washington co. R. I. ; 25 m. SW. from Providence. Pop. 2,389. EXETER, t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 10m. NW. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,690. There is a flourishing village on the lake in this township, which has considerable trade. The celebrated Split Rock is in this township, 5 m. S. of the village. It appears to have been separated by some great convulsion, and is esteemed a great curiosity. EXETER, t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Sus- quehannah river, 10 m. above Wilkesbarre. Pop. 900. EXETER, v. New Hanover co. N. C. on the E. fbrk of Cape Fear river, 36 m. above Wil mington. EXETER, v. of Harrison co. In. F. FABIUS, t. Onondago co. N. Y. It is sit- uated on the head springs of Chenango river, 148 m. W. of Albany. Pop. 1820, 2,494 ; in 1830, 3,071. FABOMIT LAKE, Canada. Lon. 88 15 W. lat. 52 18 N. FACTORIES, v. Hampden co. Mass. FACTOR YVILLE,v.Tioga co. N. Y. about 164 m. SSW. from Albany. FAIRBLUFF, v. Columbus co. N. C. FAIR BANKS, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. FAIRFAX, t. Franklin co. Vt on Lamoil river; 18 m. NNE. from Burlington. Pop. 1,729. FAIRFAX, co. Va. ; bounded N. and E. by the Potomac, S. by Prince William co. and W. by Loudon co. Pop. 9,206, of whom 3,972 are slaves. Chief town, Centreville. The court- house, where a post-office is kept, is 15 m. from W. FAIRFAX, t. and cap. Culpeper co. Va. ; 40 m. WNW. from Fredericksburg, 76 from W. FAIRFIELD, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Kennebec, opposite Clinton ; 9 m. S. from Nor- ridgewock, 25 m. N. from Augusta. Pop. 2,002. FAIRFIELD, t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 26 m. NNE. from Burlington. Pop. 2,270. FAIRFIELD, co. Ct. ; bounded N. by Litch- field co. SE. by Long Island Sound, and W. by New York. Pop. 46,950. Chief towns, Fair- field and Danbury. FAIRFIELD, t. and port of entry, Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island Sound ; 21 m. WSW. from New Haven, 54 NE. from New York. Lat. 41 C 8 N. Pop. 4,246. It contains a court house, an academy, and several houses of pub lic worship. There are 4 villages within the town, Fairfield, Greenfield Hill, Green s Farms or Saugatuck, and Mill river. There are 3 harbors, Black Rock, Mill River, and Sauga tuck. With the exception of New London, Black Rock is the best harbor in the Sound. FAIRFIELD, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. ; 10 m. N. from Herkimer, 75 from Albany. Pop. 2,265. In this town there is an academy, and a medical school connected with it. FAIRFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. FAIRFIELD, t. Cumberland co. N. J. on Cohanzy creek ; 25 m. E. from Salem. Pop. 1,900. FAIRFIELD, t Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 725. FAIRFIELD, Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop 3,111. FAIRFIELD, or Miller s, t Adams co. Pa. 8 m. W. from Gettysburg. FAIRFIELD, v. Rockbridge co. Va. FAIRFIELD, district, S. C. between Wa teree and Broad rivers. Pop. 21,546. Chief town, Monticello. FAIRFIELD, v. Columbia co. Geo. FAIRFIELD, or Roberts , v. Putnam co Geo. FAIRFIELD, v. Nelson co. Ken.; 10 ir from BairdstoAvn. FAI FAR 265 FAIRFIELD, co. in the central part of Ohio. Pop. 24,788. Chief town, Lancaster. FAIRFIELD, v. Franklin co. In. on the E. fork of Whitewater river; 7 m. N. from Brook- ville, 77 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. FAIRFIELD, v. Wayne co. II. ; 63 m. SE. from Vandalia. FAIRFIELD, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. FAIRFIELD, t. Highland co. Ohio, N. of Hillsborough. Pop. 2,500. FAIRFIELD, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. FAIRFIELD, t. Greene co. Ohio, 11 m. NW. from Xenia. FAIRFIELD, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 4,900. In this township is Hamilton, the seat of justice for the county. FAIRFIELD, t. Licking co. Ohio ; 4 m. N. from Newark. FAIRFIELD, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. FAIRHAVEN, t. Rutland co. Vt. on Pult- ney river ; 9 m. NNE. from Whitehall, 43 W. from Windsor. Pop. 675. FAIRHAVEN, t. Bristol co. Mass, on the Accushnet river, opposite New Bedford. Pop. 3,034. FAIRHAVEN, v. GalHa co. Ohio, on Ohio river, opposite the mouth of the Kenhawa ; 4 m. above Gallipolis. FAIRLEE, t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecti cut river ; 35 m. above Windsor. Pop. 656. FAIRLEE, West, t. Orange co. Vt. W. of Fairlee. FAIRPORT, t. Geauga co. Ohio, at the mouth of Grand river, on Lake Erie ; 15 m. N. from Char don. FAIR RIVER, Canada, runs from Wapes- saga to Lake St. John. FAIRTOWN, t. Cumberland co. N. J. FAIRVALE, v. in Granville, Washington co. N. Y. FAIRVIEW, v. Erie ca Pa. FAIRVIEW, v. Brooke co. Va. FAIRVIEW, t. Guernsey co. Ohio; 25 m. E. from Cambridge. FAIRWEATHER, Cape, on the NW. coast of America. Lou. 222 20 E. lat. 58 50 N. FAIRWEATHER, Mount, high mountain on the NW. coast of America, about 12 m. NE. from Cape Fairweather. FALES CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 11 m. above Portsmouth. FALL, r. R. Island, which runs from Wa- tuper Pond into Taunton river. FALL, r. which rises in Vermont, and runs into the Connecticut, N. of Greenfield, Mass. FALL RIVER, v. in the town of Troy, Bristol co. Mass. It is situated on Taunton river, which is navigable for small vessels to the town, and is one of the largest manufac turing villages in the United States. The manufactures of cotton run 3,431 spindles. There are also manufactures of satinet, bleach ing and printing works, and manufactures of iron. The town contains 7 churches and a bank. Pop. of the village 3,431. It is about 50 m. S. of Boston. FALLS CREEK, v. on Falls creek, Tomp- kins co. N. York, 21 FALLING SPRINGS, creek, Bath co. Va. It is a branch of Jackson river, and is about 25 m. SW. from the Warm Springs, and has a fall of 200 feet perpendicular height. FALLING WATERS, v. Berkeley co. Va. FALLOWFIELD, t. Washington co. Pa. on the left bank of Monongahela river, on the waters of Pigeon creek. FALLOWFIELD, t. Crawford co. Pa. on the sources of Big Beaver river ; 10 m. SW. from Meadville. FALLS, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, imme diately W. from Zanesville. FALLS, t. Hocking co. Ohio. FALLSINGTON, v. Bucks co. Pa. ; 5 m. SW. from Trenton. FALLSTOWN, v. N. C. Iredell co. FALMOUTH, s-p. and t. Barnstable co. Mass, at the SW. end of the peninsula of Barnstable ; 18 m. S. by W. of Sandwich, and 41 S. of Plymouth. Pop. 2,548. FALMOUTH, t. Cumberland eo. Me. ; 5 m. NW. of Portland. Pbp. 1,966. FALMOUTH, v. Strafford co. Va. on the river Rappahannock, opposite to Fredericks- burg ; 70 m. N. of Richmond, and 60 S. by W. from W. FALMOUTH, v. and seat ef justice, Pen- dleton co. Ken. ; 30 m. S. from Cincinnati. FALMOUTH, t. Lancaster co. Pa.; 20 m. S. from Lancaster. FALMOUTH, s-p. Antigua; 7 nuSE. from St. Johns. Lon. 61 28 W. lat. 17 9 N. FALMOUTH, s-p. Jamaica. Lon. 77 33 W. lat. 18 31 N. FALMOUTH, t. in Hants, Nova Scotia, on the SE. side of the basin of Mines; 28 m. NW. from Halifax. FANNETSBURG, t. Franklin co. Pa. FANSHAW, Cape, NW. coast of America, on the N. side of Frederick s Sound. Lon. 226 44 E. lat. 57 11 N. FARQUIER. See Fauquier. FAREWELL, Cape, S. point of West Greenland, on the north side of the entrance of Davis s Straits. Lon. 42 42 W. lat. 59 37 N. FARLEY MILLS, v. King and Queen co. Va. ; 148 m. from W. FARLEYSVILLE, v. Charlotte eo. Va.; 233 from W. FARMER, v. Seneca co. N. Y. FARMER S, T. Genesee ca N. Y. 264 m. W. from Albany. FARMERSVILLE, v. Cataraugus co.N. Y. 70 m. SW. from Rochester, and 50 SE. from Buffalo. Pop. 1,005. FARMINGTON, t. Kennebeck eo. Me. 29 m. NNW. from Augusta, 200 NNE. from Boston, 649 from W. Pop. 2,340. It is a valuable agricultural town, and contains an academy. FARMINGTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 26 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,464. FARMINGTON, t. Hartford co.Ct. en Far- mington river, 10 m. W. from Hartford, 30 N. from New Haven. Pop. 1,901. FARMINGTON, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 9 m. NE. from Canandaigua. Pop. 1,773. Clifton 266 FAR FER springs are in this town, lliey are strongly impregnated with sulphur. FARMINGTON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 rn. NW. from Warren. FARMINGTON, t. Belmont co. Ohio. FARMINGTON FALLS, v. on Sandy river y 5 m. above the village of Farmington, and in the NW. angle of Kennebeck co. Me. 97 m. nearly due N. from Portland. FARMINGTON RIVER, rises in Massa chusetts, and runs SE, to Farmington in Con necticut, where it is joined by Salmon river ; it has a cataract of 150 feet, after which it is called Windsor river, and joins the Connecti cut, 4 m. above Hartford. FARMVILLE, v. Prince Edward co. Va. on the Appomatox, 72 m. SW. from Richmond. FARNHAM, t. Bedford and Richelieu cos. L. Canada, SE. from Montreal. FARNHAM, v. Richmond co. Va. FARROWVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 64 m. SW. from W. and 145 NNW. from Rich mond. FATE, t. Clermont co. Ohio. FAUCHE, r. II. runs into the Illinois river from the east. FAUGHMAN, t. Wayne co. Ohio. FAUQUIER, co. NE. part of Va. bounded N. by Loudon co. NE. by Prince William co. ESE. by Stafford co. SW. by Culpeper co. and NW. by Frederick co. Pop. 26,379. Chief town, Warrenton. FAUSSEMBAULT, Seigniory, Hampshire co. L. C. 10 m. W. from Quebec. FAUSSE RIVIERE, a lake inLouisiana, in Point Coupee, once a bend of the Mississippi river. The banks of the lake are high, dry, and arable. FAVORABLE LAKE, N. America. Lon. 93 10 W.; lat. 52 48 N. FAWCETTSTOWN, t. Columbiana co. O. on Ohio r. 15 m. SE. from New Lisbon. FAWN, t. York co. Pa. on Muddy creek, and joining the divisional line that separates this state from Maryland. FAWN GROVE, t. York co. Pa. 25 m. S. from York. FAYETTE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. Pop. in 1820,824; in 1830, 1,049. FAYETTE, t. Seneca co. N. Y. between Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, 8 m. SE. from Ge neva. Pop. in 1820, 3,698 ; in 1830, 3,216. FAYETTE, co. Ken. on the sources of Elk- horn river, bounded by Jessamine SE. Wood- ford W. Scott N W. Bourbon NE. Clark E. and Madison or Kentucky river S. Pop. 25,174. Chief town, Lexington. FAYETTE, co. Geo. bounded N. by Henry, E. by Oakmulgee river, S. by Monroe, and W. by Flint river. Pop. 5,501. Fayetteville is the chief town. FAYETTE, co. Ohio, bounded S. by High land, SW. by Clinton, NW. by Greene, N. by Madison, E. by Pickaway, and SE. by Ross. Pop. in 1820, 6,316 ; in 1830, 8,180. Chief town, Washington. FAYETTE, co. in SW. part of Pa. Pop. 29,237. Chief towns, Union and Brownsville. FAYETTE, t. Gallia co. Ohio. FAYETTE, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. FAYETTE, co. Indiana. Pop. 9,112. Con. nersville is the chief town. FAYETTEVILLE, t. and cap. Cumber land co. N. C. 60 m. S.from Raleigh, 95 NNW. from Wilmington, 159 NE. from Columbia, 347 from W. Lon. 79 58 W. ; lat. 35 3 N. It is situated near Cape Fear river, at the head of boat navigation. FAYETTEVILLE, v. Onondago co. N. Y. by postroad 139 m. from Albany. FAYETTEVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Lincoln co. Ten. on the right bank of Elk r. 50 m. SW. from Murfreesborough. Lat. 35 10 N. ; Ion. from W. 9 37 W. FAYETTEVILLE, v. Fayette co. Geo. about 50 m. WSW. from Milledgeville. FAYSTOWN, t. Washington co. Vt. 17 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 458. FEAR, Cape, a cape of N. Carolina, where there is a dangerous shoal, called, from its form, the Frying Pan, lying at the entrance of Cape Fear river. This river is formed by two branches, called the NW. and NE. branches, which unite above Wilmington ; and it enters the Atlantic below Brunswick. Lon. 77 45 W.; lat. 33 40 N. FEARING, t. Washington co. Ohio. FEARY, v. Montgomery co. Ten. FEDERAL POINT, point, N. C. near the New Inlet. Here is a beacon ; 80 m. W. by S. from Cape Lookout, 30 NW. by N. from Frying Pan Shoals. FEDERALSBURG, v. in Dorchester and Caroline cos. Md. on Marshy Hope creek, 20 m. NE. from Cambridge. FEDERAL STORE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 95 m. SSE. from Albany. FEEDING HILLS, v. in West Springfield, Hampden co. Mass. 5 m. W. from Springfield. FEESTOWN, t. Clermont co. Ohio. FELICIANA, co. La. bounded W. by the Mississippi, S. by East Baton Rouge, N. by the state of Mississippi, E. by Florida. The set tlers are almost entirely Americans. Chief town, St. Francisville. FELICIANA, t. Feliciana co. Louisiana, E. of Baton Rouge. FEMME OSAGE, v. St. Charles co. Miso. FENNER, v. Madison co. N. Y. 115 m. from Albany. Pop. 2,017. FERDINAND, t. Essex co. Vt. 60 m. NE. from Montpelier. FERDINAND, St. Louis co. Miso. FERGUSON, t. Centre co. Pa. FERGUSON S FERRY, v. Johnson co. II. FERNANDINA, s-p. Amelia Island. It is the only town on the island. FERRIER POINT, cape of Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean. Lon. from W. 41 lat 33 42 N. FERRISBURG, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, at the mouth of Otter creek, 22 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 1,822. FERROL, Cape, a cape on the NW. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 57 11 W.; lat 51 4 N. FER FLI 267 FERRY-HILL, v. Mecklenburg co. Va, FIDALGO, Port, inlet, N W. coast of Amer- ica, in Prince William Sound. Lat. 60 55 N. FIELD S MILLS, v, Brunswick co. Va. 186 m. from W. FIFTEEN MILE CREEK, r. which rises in Pennsylvania, and runs into the Potomac, in Maryland. FIGHTING ISLAND, small isl. of Michi gan territory, in Detroit river, a little above Gross Isle. FINCASTLE, t. and cap. Botetourt co. Va, on Catawba creek, which flows into James river, a few miles below the town ; 55 m. W. by N. from Lynchburg, 175 W. from Rich mond, 244 from W. Pop. about 800. It con tains a court-house and jail. FINCHTOWN, t. St Ormont co. U. a FINDLEYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. FINHOLLOWAY, r. Geo. which runs into the Alatamaha, in Wayne co. FINNEYSVILLE, v. Rutland co. Vt. 97 m SSW. from Montpelier. FIRELANDS, a tract of country in Ohio, which includes the five westernmost ranges of townships in the Connecticut Reserve. FIREPLACE, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. 298 m. fromW. FISH CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs S. and joins Wood creek in Bengal. Length 43 m FISH CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Ohio. FISH CREEK, r. Md. which runs into the Chesapeake. FISHKILL, r. N. Y. which joins Wood creek 2 miles from its entrance into Oneida Lake. Another creek of this name is the out let of Saratoga Lake into Hudson river. Its mouth is opposite the mouth of Battenkill. On the banks of this creek the British army under Gen. Burgoyne surrendered to Gen. Gates, Oct 17th, 1777. FISHKILL, small but important creek of N. Y. in Dutchess co. falls into the Hudson opposite Nevvburgh. FISHKILL, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on Hud. son river, 10 m. below Poughkeepsie, 65 N from New York. Pop. 8,292. The village of Fishkill is about 5 m. E. of the river, on Fish kill creek. The other settlements in the town are Hopewell, New Hackinsac, Middlebush, and Wappinger s Creek. The number of churches is 6. Here are numerous mills anc manufactories, and 2 landings, at which con siderable trade is carried on. FISHKILL, mountains, are the continuation of the Highlands above Westpoint, and curving to the NE. and N. stretches between Dutchess and Putnam counties, and thence through the former towards the SW. angle of Mass. FISHKILL LANDING, v. Dutchess co N. Y. directly opposite Newburgh, 5 m. S. from the village of Fishkill, and 60 m. above the city of New York. FISH LAKE, v. Delaware co. N. Y. 89 m SW. from Albany. FISH RIVER, r. Alabama, which runs into fi, side of Mobile Bay. FISHER S ISLAND, isL in Long Island Sound. It forms a part of the town of Southold, tf. Y. 8 miles long, and 2 broad ; 5 m. SW. from Stonington, Ct. FISHER S STORE, v. Clark co. Alaba- i. FISHERSFIELD, t. Merrimack co. New Hampshire, 27 m, WNW. from Concord. Pop. 798. FISHING BAY, bay, Md. on E. side of tiw Chesapeake, at the mouth of the Nanticoke. FISHING CREEK, Howard co. Miso. FISHING CREEK, t. Columbia <xx Pa, It is watered by a creek of the same name. FISHING CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Ohio. FISHING CREEK, v. Wilkes co. N.C. FISHINGFORD CROSS-ROADS, v. Bed- ford co. Ten. FITCHBURG, t. Worcester co. Mass, on Nashua river, 25 m. N. from Worcester. Pop. 2,180. FITCHVILLE, t. Huron co. Ohio. FITZHERBERTS ISLAND, in the Flor ida stream. Lon. 81 50 W. lat. 24 40 N. FITZWILLIAM, t Cheshire co. N. H. 13 m. SE. from Keene. Pop. 1,229. FITZHUGITS SOUND, narrow channel of the Pacific ocean, between Culvert s island and the W. coast of America. FLATBUSH, t and cap. Kings co. Long Island, on New York bay, 5 m. S. by E. from New York city. Pop. 1,143. The public build ings are a court-house, academy called Eras mus Hall, and a church. A battle was fought near this town, 27th August, 1776, in which the Americans were defeated by the British with great loss. FLAT CREEK, r. S. C. whkh runs into the Great Pedee, 6^ m. from Greenville. FLATLANDS, t. Kings co. N. Y. on New York bay, 2 m. S. from Flatbush. Pop. 596. FLAGG-SPRING, v. Campbell co. Ken. FLAGGTOWN, v. Somerset co. N. J. 29 m. N. from Trenton. FLAMBOROUGH, t. York co. U. C. on Burlington bay, at the W. extremity of Lake Ontario. FLANDERS, v. Morris co. N. J. near the head of Raritan river, 15 m. a little N of W. from Morristown, and 59 N. from Trenton. FLATTERY, Cape, on the W. coast of N. America, so named by captain Cook, who discovered it in 1788, because he was disap pointed in not finding a harbor. Lon. 124 3 57 W. lat 48 25 N. FLEMING, co. in the E. part of Ken. Pop. 13,493. FLEMINGS, v. Wayne co. Indiana, FLEMINGSBURG, t. and cap. Fleming co Ken. FLEM1NGTON, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 23 m. NNW. from Trenton, 9 S. from Pittstown, 53 NE. from Philadelphia, FLETCHER, t Franklin co. Vt. 22 m. NE. from Burlington. Pop. 793. FLINN, t. Jackson co. Indiana. FLINN S FORK, v. Caldwell co. Keii. 796 m. from W 268 FLI FOR FLINT, r. Ontario co. N. Y. which runs into Canandaigua r. at the village of Vienna in Phelps. FLINT, r. Geo. which rises in N. lat. 33 40 and running SW. by S. 200 miles, joins the Chatahoochee to form the Apalachicola. FLINT ISLAND, island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the coast of Cape Breton Island. Lon. 59 40 W. lat. 46 10 N. FLINT-STONE, v. Alleghany co. Md. 150 m. NW. by W. from W. FLORENCE, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. NW, from Rome. Pop. 964. FLORENCE, t. and cap. Lauderdale co. Al. on the N. bank of the Tennessee, at the foot of the Muscle Shoals, on the road from Nash- ville to New Orleans. It was laid out in 1818, on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river, and is well supplied with water. It lies op- posite a fine island in the river, between which and the town is the usual channel for boats, and is one mile above the mouth of Cypress creek, which also affords a good harbor; 60 m N. by E. from Cotton-gin-port. FLORENCE, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 500. FLORIDA, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 m. NNE. from Lenox. Pop. 454. FLORIDA, v. in Warwick, N. Y. 4 m. from the village of Warwick. It has about 70 houses, a church, and an academy. FLORIDA, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, 11 m. S. from Johnstown, 35 NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,838. It contains 5 churches. FLORIDA, v. Orange co. N. Y. FLORIDA, t. Highland co. Ohio. FLORIDA, Cape, the most easterly point of Florida. Lon. 80 37 W. ; lat. 25 44 N. FLORIDA, GuJf of, the channel between the peninsula of Florida and the Bahama islands, N. of the island of Cuba, and through winch the gulf stream passes. FLORIDA KEYS, or Martyr s Island, a number ef rocks and sand banks at the S. ex tremity of E. Florida. The great sand bank extends from the peninsula of Florida inward to the Gulf of Mexico, in the form of a hook. FLORIDA TERRITORY, see page 150. FLORISSANT, v. Miso. on N. side of the Missouri, 12 m. above Belle Fontaine, 15 from St. Louis. It is a French settlement FLOUGHERTY S CREEK, Va. flows into the Youghiogeny r. a little below the Great Crossings. It passes within a mile of Wills creek, a water of the Potomac. FLOWERTOWN, or White Marsh, t. Mont gomery -co. Pa. on the Schuylkill, 12 m. N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 1,328. FLOYD, ce. Ken. Pop. 4,266. Chief town, Prestonville, It is in tlie E. part of the state. FLOYD, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 6 m. E. from Rome, 10 N. from IMca. Pop. 1,699, Iron ore is found here. FLOYD, co. In. opposite Louisville, Ken. bounded by the Ohio river SE. Harrison S. and SW. Washington NW. Scott N. and Clarke NE. ; about 20 m. square. Pop. 6,363. Chief towns, New Albany and Jeffersonville. FLOYDSBURG, on Floyd s Fork, Jefferson co. Ken. 36 m. W. from Frankfort, and 20 NE. from Louisville. FLOYD S FORK, r. Ken. which runs into tne river Salt. FLUSHING, t. Queen s co. N. Y. situated about 5 m. E. from New York. Pop. 2,820. FLUSHING, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 12 m. W. from St. Clairsville. Pop. 1,197. FLUVANNA, co. central part of Va. bound- ed N. by Louisa co. E. by Goochland co. S. by James river, and W. by Albemarle co. Pop. 8,221, of whom 3,791 are slaves. Chief town, Columbia. FOGLESVILLE, v. Lehigh co. Pa. FOIN, Point Au, in St. Lawrence river, the first above river a la Vielle Galette, in Edwards- burg, Upper Canada. FOND DU LAC, a large bay at the W. end of Lake Superior, which receives the river St. Louis. The American Fur Company have an establishment on the river, 21 m. above its mouth. FORBES PURCHASE, a tract of land in Florida, including nearly the whole of the country between the Apalachicola and the Oke- lochonne rivers, and extending S. to the Gulf of Mexico. It comprehends some of the best lands in Florida. FORDS, v. Amity co. Mississippi. FORD S ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlan tic, near the coast of South Carolina. Lon. 79 5 W. ; lat. 33 3 14 N. FORDSVILLE, v. on Pearl river, in Marion co. Mississippi, 160 m. SE. by E. from Natchez, and 80 NNE. from New Orleans. FORELAND, South, remarkable point of U. C. projecting into Lake Erie, and usually called Point Pele. It lies opposite to Huron county, Ohio. FORESTERTON, v. Burlington co. N. J. 15 m. E. from Philadelphia, and US. from Burlington. FORKED DEER, r. Ten. which runs into the Mississippi, between Obrien and Hatchy rivers. FORKS, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,659. FORKS, v. Richland co. S. C. FORK SHOALS, Greenville co. S. C. FORK S OIL CREEK, v. Crawford co. Pa 340 m. from W. FORSTER S HARBOR, bay, in Hudson s Strait. Lon. 73 30 W. ; lat. 62 18 N. FORT AMANDA, fort, Ellen co. Ohio, on a branch of the Auglaize, 49 m. NE, from Green- ville, 129 N. from Cincinnati. FORT ANN, t. Washington co. N. Y. on Lake George, 10 m. N. from Sandyhill, 60 N from Albany. Pop. 2,911. The village is on Wood creek, at the head of navigation, and contains about 40 houses. At this spot stood Fort Ann, often mentioned in the history of American wars. FORT ARMSTRONG, military post, U. S. on Rock Island, at the foot of rapids in the Mississippi, 2 m. above the mouth of Rock r. 400 above St. Louis. In its neighborhood are a large body of Indians, of the Sack and Fox tribes, who are warlike, and well furnished with horses and fire-arms. FOR FOR 269 FORT BLOUNT, or Williamsburg, v. Smith s co. Ten. FORT BROWN, fort, Paulding co. Ohio, 16 m. S. from Fort Defiance. FORT BROWN, at the head of Green Bay, of Lake Michigan, and on the left bunk of Fox river. Lon. from W. 10 30 W. ; lat 44 18 N. FORT CHARTRES, fort, Illinois, in the American bottom, built by the French, at the expense of a million and a half dollars. The ruins still remain, J of a mile from the Missis sippi, and 20 m. from Kaskaskia. FORT CHIPPEW YAN, N. A. on Athapes- cow Lake. Lon. 110 W. ; lat. 58 N. FORT CHURCHILL, fort, and settlement, on the W. coast of Hudson s Bay. Lon. 95 W. ; lat. 58 50 N. FORT CLAIBORNE, t Monroe co. Ala. on the E. side of the Alabama, at the head of nav igation, 60 m. above its junction with the Tom- bigbee, 25 E. from St. Stephens. FORT CLARKE, fort, Illinois, on the W. side of Illinois river. Lat. 40 40 N. FORT COVINGTON, t. Franklin co.N.Y. on St. Lawrence river, at the mouth of Salmon creek, 235 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 2,901. FORT CRAWFORD, on the point made by the confluence of the Mississippi and Ouiscon- sift rivers, and about 5 m. above their junction, in Prairie du Chien. It is a very important frontier station, and trading establishment. Lon. from W. 13 50 W. ; lat. 43 5 N. FORT CRAWFORD, v. Conecuh co. Ala. on Murder creek, branch of Conecuh river, 45 m. NNE. from Pensacola, and 60 m. E. from Fort Stoddart. FORT CREVECOEUR, fort, on the coast of Florida. Lon. 85 30 W. ; lat. 29 51 N. FORT CULONGE, fort, L. C. on the Otta wa river, 170 m. W. from Montreal. FORT DEARBORN, military post of the U. S. on the S. side of Chicago river, & a mile from its entrance into Lake Michigan, 20 m. from the S. end of the lake, and 220 from Fort Howard. Lat 41 53 11" N. FORT DEFIANCE, fort, Williams co.Ohio, at the junction of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers, 50 in. SW. from Fort Meigs, and 16 N. from Fort Brown. FORT DEFIANCE, v. Wilkes co. N. C. FORT EDWARD, t. in Argyle, Washing ton co. N. Y. on the Hudson, near the great bend, 16 m. from Lake George, 22 from Lake Champlain, 50 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,816. The New York Northern canal from Lake Champlain opens into the Hudson at this place, through a lock. FORT FERREE, fort, Ohio, in Upper San- dusky, on Sandusky river, 40 m. S. from Fort Stephenson. FORT FINDLEY, v. Logan co. Ohio, on the route from Urbanna to Fort Meigs, Ohio, 20 m. N. from Fort Necessity. FORT GADSDEN, Florida, on the left bank of Chatahoochee river, near the point where that stream spreads into several channels. Lat. 33 15 N. FORT GAINES, Geo. fort, on the E. side of Chatahoochee r. between lat. 31 and 32 N. FORT GEORGE, v. and fort, in Newark, Lincoln co. U. C. on Niagara river, J a mile from its mouth. The bank of the river, at the site of the fort is 34 feet high. FORT GEORGE, v. in Caldwell, Warren co. N. Y. at the S. end of Lake George, 59 m. N. from Albany. The ruins of the old fort aro still to be seen. It was built of stone, and stood near Fort William Henry. FORT GEORGE, isl. on the E. coast of Florida, N. from the entrance of St. John s r. FORT GRATIOT, military post, Michigan territory, on St. Clair river, which defends the entrance into Lake Huron. It stands a little below the mouth of the lake. FORT GREENVILLE, fort, Darke co. Ohio, about 33 m. NW. from Dayton. A treaty with the Indians was concluded here in 1795. FORT HAMILTON, fort, Butler co. Ohio, on the Great Miami. FORT HARRISON, t. and cap. Sullivan co. Indiana, on the E. side of the Wabash, 65 m. above Vincennes. FORT HAWKINS, t. Jones co. Geo. on a healthy spot, about 1 m. E. from Oakmulgeo river, and 30 W. from Milledgeville. FORT HOWARD, a military post of the U. S. in Green Bay Settlement, Michigan Ter ritory, at the mouth of Fox river, 184 m. SW. from Mackinaw, 220 N. from Chicago, and 360 by Fox and Ouisconsin rivers to Prairie du Chien. FORT INDEPENDENCE, fort, on Castle Island, in Boston harbor. FORT JACKSON, t. Montgomery co. Ala bama, in the forks of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers. FORT JAMES, fort, Geo. on the W. side of the Alatamaha. FORT JEFFERSON, v. Darke co. Ohio, 5 m. S. from Greenville. FORT JEFFERSON, Ken. on the Missis sippi. Lon. 89 46 W. ; lat. 36 36 N. FORT JENNINGS, fort, Ohio, 18 m. S. from Fort Amanda. FORT KNOX, fort, In. on White river. FORT LAWRENCE, fort, Geo. on the W. side of Flint r. 31 m. SW. from Fort Hawkins. FORT LIGONIER, fort, Pa. 50 in. E. from Pittsburg. FORT LORAMIE, fort, Ohio, on the head waters of the Great Miami. Lon. 84 17 W.; lat. 40 16 N. FORT M ACARTHUR, fort, Logan co. Ohio, 24 m. N. from Urbanna. FORT MACINTOSH, fort, Pa. on the Ohio, 25 m. NW. from Pittsburg. FORT MALDEN, stood on the Detroit r. above the village of Aniherstburg, U. C. The fort has been abandoned since the last war be tween Great Britain and the U. S. FORT MASSAC, Pope co. II. on the Ohio river, 38 m. above its mouth. FORT MEIGS, t. Wood co. Ohio, on the right bank of Maumee, 80 m. SW. from Detroit. FORT MEURON, U. C. station of the Hud son Bay Company, on the N. bank of a river which empties into Lake Superior at Fort Wil liam, 20 m. below. 270 FOR FOW FORT MIAMI, fort, Ohio, on the Maumee. Lon. 84 56 W. ; lat. 41 20 N. FORT MICHELL, or Coweta, on the right bank of Chatahooche r. where the road passes from Milledgeville to New Orleans, about 100 m. SW. by W. from Milledgeville. FORT MILLER, v. Washington co. N. Y. on the bank of the Hudson river, 10 m. below Sandy Hill, and 38 N. from Albany. FORT MIRO, fort, Louisiana, on the Wa- chitta. Lat. 32 32 N. FORT MONTGOMERY, v. and fort, Mont gomery co. Ala. near the Alabama r. about 12 m. ENE. from Fort Stoddart. FORT MOOSE, fort, at the S. extremity of James Bay, in Hudson s Bay, at the mouth of Moose river. FORT OSAGE, on the Missouri, 330 m. above its mouth. FORT PETITE COQUILLES, fort, La. on Lake Pontchartrain. It is an important post. FORT PICKERING, Shelby co. Ten. at Chickasaw Bluff, below the mouth of Wolf r. FORT PLAIN, v. Montgomery co. N. Y on the right bank of Mohawk r. at the mouth of Otsequaga creek, 78 m. NW. by W. from Albany. FORT PORTAGE, fort, U. C. on the Otta wa river, 120 m. W. from Montreal. FORT PORTAGE, Ohio, 18 m. S. from Fort Meigs. FORT RECOVERY, Mercer co. Ohio, on a branch of Wabash river, 23 m. NNW. from Greenville. FORT ROYAL, capital of the island of Granada. FORT ROYAL, fort, on the W. coast of Martinico Island. FORT ROYAL, s-p. Jamaica, on the S. side of the island, in which a thousand sail of ships could anchor with the greatest convenience and safety. It once contained 2,000 houses but, in June 1692, a dreadful earthquake buri ed nine-tenths of it eight fathoms under water, They, however, rebuilt the town ; but about 10 years after, it was laid in ashes by a terrible fire, and in 1722, one of the most dreadful hur ricanes ever known reduced it a third time to a heap of rubbish. Though once a place of the greatest wealth and importance in the West Indies, it is now reduced to three streets a few lanes, and about 200 houses. It stil contains, however, the royal navy-yard, the navy hospital, and barracks for a regiment of soldiers. The fortifications are kept in excel lent order, and are remarkably strong. It is 10 m. SW. from Kingston. Lon. 77 W. lat. 17 50 N. FORT SENECA, v. Seneca co. Ohio, 93 m a little W. of N. from Columbus. FORT ST. CLAIR, Preble co. Ohio, quar ter of a mile S. from Eaton. FORT ST. JEAN DE ULOA, on a rockj island at the mouth of the harbor of VeraCruz state of Vera Cruz, Mexico. FORT ST. JUAN, fort, Mexico, in New Leon, on the del Norte. Lon. 101 W.; lat 29 N. FORT ST. MARY, fort, Louisiana, on E. ide of the Mississippi, 6 m. SE. from New Orleans. FORT ST. MARY S, Ohio, near the sour ces of St. Mary s river, 23 m. N. from Fort joramie. FORT ST. PHILIP, fort and v. Plaquemine :o. Louisiana. It is situated at the Plaque- mine bend on the Mississippi, 30 m. above Tort Balize. FORT SMITH, or Belle Point, U. S. fort and the seat of justice of Crawford co. Arkan sas, on the S. side of the Arkansas at the junc tion of the river Poteau. The Arkansas is navigated by steam-boats from its mouth to this place, a distance of more than 500 m. FORT STANWIX, fort, in Rome, N. Y. built in 1758 by the British, at the expense of i256,400, and rebuilt from a heap of ruins in ;he revolutionary war, and called Fort Schvy- Vr. Its ruins are now to be seen near the tillage of Rome, between the waters of the Mohawk and Wood creek. FORT STEPHENSON, military post, Ohio, on W. side of the Sandusky, at the settlement of Lower Sandusky, 18 m. from the mouth of the river. FORT STODDART, v. and fort, Baldwin co. Alabama, on W. side of the Mobile, 44 m. above its entrance into Mobile Bay, and 1,036 from W. FORT STOTHER, St. Clair co. Ala. on the right bank of Coosa river, 20 m. SE. from St. Clairsville. FORT WASHINGTON, v. on the left bank of Potomac river, and on the point above the mouth of Piscataway creek, Prince Georges co. Md. 15 m. below W. FORT WAYNE, v. Randolph co. In. by postroad 175 m. NNE. from Indianapolis, 157 NW. from Columbus in Ohio. FORT WILLIAM, U. Canada, station of the NW. Fur Company, on the N. bank of the Kaminiticuvia, which is here half a mile wide, and empties into Lake Superior, a mile below the fort. Lat. 48 N. FORT WILLIAMS, Ala. on the E. side of the Coosa, in the country of the Upper Creeks, about 60 m. above Fort Jackson. FORTUNE, bay, in the S. coast of New foundland, inclosed by Miquelon Island, and Point May. FOSTER, t. Providence co. R. I. 18 m. W. from Providence, 453 from W. Pop. 2,672. Here are several cotton manufactories. FOSTER S FERRY, v. Sussex co. N. J. FOTHERINGAY, v. Montgomery co. Va. FOUCAULT, Seigniory, Bedford co. L. C. between Missisque Bay, the N. boundary of the U. S. and Richelieu river. FOUCHE DE THOMAS, t Arkansas. FOULKSTOWN, v. Columbiana co. Ohio. FOULWEATHER, Cape, NW. coast of America. Lon. 236 4 W. ; lat 44 49 N. FOWLER, t. St. Lawrence co. N.Y. Pop. in 1820, 605; in 1830, 1,447. FOWLER, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 m. NE. from Warren. FOU FRA 271 FOURCHE AU CADO, branch of Washi- tau river, entering from the left. It rises be- tween Washitau proper, and Little Missouri. FOUR CORNERS, v. Huron co. Ohio. FOUR CORNERS, v. Oswego co. N. Y. 14 m. from Rotterdam, 329 from W. FOUR CORNERS, v. Lincoln co. Me. FOUR MILE BRANCH, v. Barnwell dis trict, S. C. FOUR MILE CREEK, r. Kentucky, which runs into the Ohio. FOXBOROUGH, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 26 m. SSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,099. FOX CAPE, Pacific coast of N. America. Lat 54 45 N. FOX CREEK, r. which rises in Albany co. N. Y and runs into the Schoharie river in the town of Schoharie. Length, 17 m. FOXCROFT, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 82 m NNW. from Castine, 270 NE. from Boston. Pop. 677. FOX ISLANDS, small islands on the S. side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. FOX ISLANDS, in the centre of Penob scot Bay, Maine. They contain about 10,000 acres, and constitute the town of Vinalhaven. FOX LOACS GROVE, t. Limestone co. Ala. 269 m. N. from Cahawba. FOX RIVER, r. Canada, which empties into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. FOX RIVER, r. which runs into the Wa- bash, 15 m. above its mouth. FOX RIVER, NW. Territory, U.S. which runs through Lake Winnebago, and flows NE into Green Bay. It is connected with the Ouisconsin by a portage of 4m. FOX RIVER, r. Indiana, which runs into the Theakiki. FRAMINGHAM, t. Middlesex co. Mass 22 m. WSW. from Boston, 415 from W. Pop. 2,213. Here are an academy, and a cotton manufactory. FRAMPTON, t. Dorchester and Hertford cos. L. C. between Cranbourne and lalliet, 30 m. SE. from Quebec. FRANCESTOWN, tHillsborough co.N.H. 12 m. NW. from Amherst, 496 from W. Pop. 1,540. It is a considerable town, and contains two valuable quarries of soap-stone. FRANCIS, v. St. Genevieve co. Miso. FRANCIS, St. a tributary stream of the great river Mississippi, rising in the state of Missouri, in the lat. of 37 45 N. running parallel with the Mississippi on the W. at the distance of about 40 m. and enters it after a course of about 220 m. 45 m. above the en trance of the Arkansas. FRANCIS, St. a river of Lower Canada, rising in Lake Memphremagog, which spreads into the state of Vermont. FRANCIS, Point, cape, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 48 44 N. FRANCISBURG, v. Union co. Ken. 240 m. from Frankfort. FRANCOIS, River, U. C. runs SW. from Lake Nepising into Lake Huron ; it has sev eral portages ; that nearest to Lake Nepising is called Portage de Trois Chaudiers, in length about half a mile. FRANCOIS, v. Wayne co. Miso. FRANCOIS, Cape, fine town in the N. part of the island of St. Domingo, belonging to the French, who often call it the Cape, by way of eminence. It was almost ruined by the dread ful commotions which attended the French revolution. FRANCONIA, t. Grafton co. N. H. 28 m. NE. from Haverhill. Pop. 443. There are 2 manufactories of iron in this town. FRANCONIA, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 800. FRANKFORD, t. Sussex c%. N. J. border- ing on Newtown. FRANKFORD, t. Cumberland co. Pa. FRANKFORD, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on a small creek, which runs into the Delaware, 1 J m. below. It is 5 m. NE. from Philadel phia. Pop. 1,637. It has a number of manu facturing establishments, and is a pleasant vil lage. The Friends have here an Asylum for the Insane, with a spacious and commodious building. FRANKFORT, v. Greenbrier co. Va. ; 74 m. from Christiansburg. FRANKFORT, t. Hampshire co. Va. on a creek which runs into the Potomac, 13 m. NW. from Romney, 4 S. of the Potomac. FRANKFORT, t. Waldo co. Me. on the W. side of Penobscot river, at the head of water navigation ; 26 m. N. from Castine, 12 S. from Bangor. Pop. 2,487. FRANKFORT, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the Mohawk. Pop. 2,620. FRANKFORT, t. Franklin co. Ken. the political metropolis of the state, is situated on the N. bank of the Kentucky, 60 m. above its entrance into the Ohio. The environs of the beautiful plain, on which the town is built, are remarkable for their romantic and splendid scenery. The river divides the town into Frankfort and South Frankfort, which are connected by a bridge across the Kentucky, which here flows between banks 4 or 500 feet in height. Both divisions contain about 2,000 inhabitants. The State House is entirely of marble, with a front presenting a portico sup ported by Ionic columns, the whole having an aspect of magnificence. It contains the cus tomary legislative halls, and apartments for the Court of Appeals, and the Federal Court The stair-way under the vault of the dome has been much admired. The penitentiary hi general contains over 100 convicts, and is one of the few establishments of the kind in the U. States the income from which exceeds the expenses. Its other public buildings are three churches, an academy, and county court-house. It has a number of respectable manufacturing establishments, among which are three manu factories of cotton-bagging, a rope-walk, a cot- ,on factory, two large ware-houses, and the usual number of corresponding establishments, [t is at the head of steam-boat navigation, laving 3 or 4 steam-boats in regular employ, when the stage of water in the river admits ; and is a place of considerable commercial en- ;erprise. The public inns are on a respectable boting ; and it is a place of much show and 272 FRA FRA gaiety. The houses in particular are singu larly neat, many of them being built of the beautiful marble furnished by the banks of the river. Sea-vessels have been built here, and floated to New Orleans. It is situated 212 m. from Nashville, 806 from New Orleans, 20 NW. from Lexington, 149 from Indianapolis, 252 from Vandalia, 550 from Washington, 321 from St. Louis, and 85 from Cincinnati. Pop. 1,987. FRANKFORT, v. Beaver co. Pa. FRANKFORT, v. and seat of justice, Mor gan co. Va. on* Patterson s creek, a branch of Potomac ; 12 m. from Cumberland in Md. FRANKFORT, v. Franklin co. II. ; 47 m. NW. by W. from Shawneetown, and 65 SE. by E. from Kaskaskia. FRANKFORT, t. Guernsey co. Ohio; 15 m. E. from Cambridge. FRANKLIN, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain. Pop. 24,525. Chief town, St. Albans. FRANKLIN, t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 96 m. NE. from Burlington. Pop. 1,129. FRANKLIN, co. Mass, on both sides of Connecticut river, N. of Hampshire co. Pop. 29,344. Chief town, Greenfield. FRANKLIN, t. Norfolk co. Mass.; 8 m. SW. from Dedham, 26 SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,662. FRANKLIN, t. New London co. Ct. on the W. side of the Shetucket, adjoining Norwich. Pop. 1,200. FRANKLIN, co. N. part of N. Y. ; bounded N. by Canada, E. by Clinton and Essex cos. S. by Essex and Hamilton cos. and W. by St. Lawrence co. Pop. 11,332. Chief town, Malone. FRANKLIN, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the Susquehannah, N. of Delhi ; 346 m. from W. Pop. 2,775. FRANKLIN, co. NW. part of Ala. on the S. side of Tennessee river. Pop. 11,078. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP, Gloucester co. N.J. FRANKLIN, t. Bradford co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. Somerset co. N. J. FRANKLIN, t Bergen co. N. J. FRANKLIN, co. S. part of Pa. ; bounded NE. by Cumberland co. E. by Adams co. S. by Maryland, and W. by Bedford and Mifflin cos. Pop. 35,103. Chief town, Chambers- tANKLIN, t York co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t, Adams co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t, and cap. Venango co. Pa. at the junction of French creek with the Al- leghany ; 25 m. SE. from Meadville, 63 N. from Pittsburg, 237 from W. The celebrated Oil Springs are 11 m.NE.of this town. They rise from the bed of Oil creek, and afford an inexhaustible supply of oil. FRANKLIN, t. Franklin co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. Fayette co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t Greene co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. FRANKLIN, co. S. part of Va. ; bounded NW. by Bottetourt co. NE. by Bedford co. E. by Pittaylvania co. S. by Henry and Patrick cos. and W. by Montgomery co. Pop. 14,911. Chief town, Rocky Mount. FRANKLIN, t. Pendleton co. Va. on S. branch of the Potomac; 35 m. SW. from Moorfield, 55 N. from Bath, 190 from W. FRANKLIN, t. Russell co. Va.; 20 m, WNW. from Abingdon. FRANKLIN, co. N. part of N. C. Pop. 10,665. Chief town, Louisburg. FRANKLIN, co. central part of Ohio. Pop. 14,716. Chief towns, Franklinton and Co- lumbus. FRANKLIN, t. Warren co. Ohio, on the Great Miami ; 10 m. NW. from Lebanon, 34 N. by E. from Cincinnati. FRANKLIN, t. Portage co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t. Ross co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, co. N. part of Ken. Pop. 9,251. Chief town, Frankfort. FRANKLIN, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 15.C44 Chief town, Winchester. FRANKLIN, v. Haywood co. N. C. FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Williamson co. Ten. on the Harpath ; 17 m. SSW. from Nash ville, 767 from W. Pop. about 2,000. It is a pleasant town, and one of the largest and most flourishing in the state. It contains the county buildings, a bank, and a printing-office, where a newspaper is published. FRANKLIN, co. SE. part of Indiana. Pop. 10,199. Chief town, Brookville. FRANKLIN, t. St. Mary s parish, La. ; 150 m. from New Orleans. Lon. 91 53 W. lat 30 1 N. FRANKLIN, co. II. Pop. 4,081. Chief town, Frankfort. FRANKLIN, co. Ala. Pop. 11,078. Chief town, Rnssellville. FRANKLIN, co. Miso. Pop. 3,484. Chief town, Union. FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Howard co. Miso. on the Missouri ; 160 m. from St. Louis. FRANKLIN, co. NW. part of Georgia. Pop. 10,135. Chief town, Carnesville. FRANKLIN, co. Mississippi. Pop. 4,622. Chief town, Franklin. FRANKLIN, t. Attakapas co. La.; 1,327 from W. FRANKLIN CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs SE. into the Great Miami, below Franklin. FRANKLIN, t. Jackson co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t. Stark co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t Columbiana co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t. Wayne co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t. Licking co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t. Richland co. Ohio. FRANKLINTON, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on SW. branch of the Scioto, opposite Columbus, 1 m. distant ; 45 m. N. from Chillicothe, and 419 from W. It is the seat of justice for the county. FRANKLINVILLE, v. Cataurangus co N. Y. ; 289 m. SW. by W. from Albany. FRANKS, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,297. FRANKSTOWN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. OB Frankstown river; 20 m. SW. by W. from Huntingdon. FRA FRE 273 FRANKSTOWN-BRANCH, r. Pa. ; the NW. branch of the Juniata, rises in Bedford co. and joins Raystown-branch, 2 m. below the borough of Huntingdon, and forms the Juniata. FRARESAU, v. Miso. on the road from St. Charles to St. Louis. FREDERIC A, t. Kent co. Delaware, at the forks of Mothcrldll, a branch of Delaware river ; 7 m from Milford, 12 E. from Dover. FREDERICA, a town of the state of Geor gia, in Glynn co. and the W. side of St. Simon Island, with a safe and commodious harbor, 64 m. SW. of Savannah. Lon. 80 56 W. lat. 31 6 N. FREDERICK, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop, 1,000. FREDERICK, co. Md. on the Potomac. Pop. 45,793. Chief town, Fredericktown. FREDERICK, t. Cecil co. Md. on the Sas safras, opposite Georgetown, 19 m. NE. from Chestertown. FREDERICK, co. Va. Pop. 26,048. Chief town, Winchester. FREDERICK HOUSE, a trading station in Upper Canada, near the head waters of the Ottawa river. Lon. 82 W. lat. 48 30 N. FREDERICK POINT, U. C. is on the E side of Kingston harbor, and on the W. side of Haldimand Cove, which is made by it and Point Henry. FREDERICKSBURG, t. Spottsylvania co Va. and one of the most flourishing commer cial towns in the state, is regularly laid out, on the SW. bank of the Rappahannock river, 110 m. from its mouth, 57 SW. from W. 66 N. from Richmond. Lon. 77 33 W. lat. 38 18 N. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 2 banks, and 4 houses of public worship. It is advantageously situated for trade, near the head of navigation on the Rappahannock, in the midst of a fertile and well cultivated coun try. Vessels of 130 or 140 tons ascend as far as this place, and large quantities of corn, flour, tobacco, and other produce, are brought from the surrounding country for exportation. The annual value of exports has been estimated at $4,000,000. Pop. 3,307. FREDERICKSBURG, t. Washington co. Indiana, on Big Blue river, 20 m. NW. from Corydon. FREDERICKSBURG, t. Gallatin co. Ken. FREDERICKSBURG, t. Lenox co. U. C. on the Bay of Quinte, W. of Ernestown. FREDERICKTON, or St. Anne, capital of New Brunswick, on St. John s river, at the head of sloop navigation, about 90 m. above its mouth. FREDERICKTOWN, city and cap. Fred erick co. Md. on a branch of Monocasy creek, 43 m. NNW. from W. 42 W. from Baltimore. Lat. 39 24 N. The public buildings are an elegant court-house, a jail, bank, brick market- house, academy, and 7 houses of public wor ship. It is a very flourishing town, and has considerable trade with the back country. Great quantities of leather, shoes, hats, saddles, and elove*, are sent to Baltimore. 2K FREDERICKTOWN, t. Knox co. Ohio, 7 m. N. from Mount Vernon, 40 NE. from Co- lumbus. FREDERICKTOWN, t. and cap. Madison co. Miso. near St. Michael s. FREDERICKTOWN, v. Washington co. Pa. on the left bank of Monongahela river, 2 m. below the mouth of Ten-Mile creek, and 8 above Brownsville. FREDONIA, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 45 m. from Buffalo, and 45 from Erie, on the road between the two latter places, and 4 m. from Dunkirk on Lake Erie. FREDONIA, v.Crawford co. In. on Ohio r. 5 m. below the mouth of Great Blue r. and 15 m. a little S. of W. from Corydon. FREEBURG, v. Union co. Pa. FREEDOM, t. Waldo co. Me. 28 m. NE. from Augusta. Pop. in 1820, 788; in 1830, 869. FREEDOM, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 35 m. from Albany. FREEDOM, v. Baltimore co. Md. FREEHOLD, v. Greene co. N. Y. on Cats- kill creek, 20 m. NW. from Hudson, and 27 SSW. from Albany. FREEHOLD, or Monmouth, v. and seat of justice, Monmouth co. N. J. 15 m. SW. by W. from Shrewsbury, and 25 m. SE. by E. from Bordentown It is a pleasant place, and has an academy. FREEMAN, t. Somerset co. Me. 40 m. NW. from Norridgewock. Pop. in 1820, 517; in 1830, 724. FREEMAN S STORE, v. Jones co. Geo. 14 m. W. from Milledgeville. FREEPORT, t. Cumberland co. Me. 20 m. NE. from Portland. Pop. 2,623. FREEPORT, v. Armstrong co. Pa. on tha right bank of AUeghany river, at the mouth of Buffalo creek, 15 m. below Kittaning, and 26 above Pittsburg. FREEPORT, t. in the south-west angle of Harrison co. Ohio. FREETOWN, t. Bristol co. Mass, feft side of Taunton river, 40 m. S. of Boston. Pop. 1,909. FREETOWN, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 663 ; in 1830, 1,051. FRENCH BROAD RIVER, one of the sources of Tennessee river. It rises in South Carolina, and crossing the western part of North Carolina, enters Tennessee through a breach in the mountain, and joins the Holston, LI m. above Knoxville. It is navigable for boats nearly the whole of its course in Ten- nessee. About 30 miles from its mouth is a arge medicinal warm spring. FRENCH GRANT, v. Scioto co. Ohio, 106 m. S. from Columbus. FRENCH CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the AUeghany, 80 m. N. by E. from Pittsburg. [t was the usual French route from Lake Erie ,o the Ohio. FRENCH CREEK, t. Mercer co. Pa. FRENCH CREEK, t Venango co. Pa. FRENCH CREEK, r. Ken, which runs nto the Ohio. 274 FRE GAL FRENCH CREEK, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 200 m. NW from Albany. FRENCH CREEK, rises in Berks co. Pa. and flowing SE. enters Chester co. falls into Schuylkill river, 10 m. above Norristown. FRENCH CREEK, r. rises in Chatauquc co. N. Y. enters Pa. in Erie co. and continuing by comparative courses to Meadville, there re ceives the Cassawago, turns to NE. 25 m. and unites with the Alleghany river at Franklin. It is navigable as high as the mouth of Boeuf creek, 5 m. S. from Water ford. FRENCHMAN S BAY, Me. lying between Mount Desert Island and the peninsula of Goldsborough. It communicates with Blue- hill Bay. FRENCH MILLS, now Fort Covington, t. Franklin co. N. Y. on Salmon river, 8 m. E. from St. Regis. FRENCH MILLS, t. Onslow co. N.C. 158 m. SE. from Raleigh. FRENCH RIVER, r. Upper Canada, which rises in Lake Nepising, and after a course of 75 miles, enters Lake Huron, in lat. 45 53 N. FRENCH, r. which rises in Mass, and joins the Quinebaug in Thompson, Ct. FRENCHTON, v. Dinwiddie co. Va. FRENCHTOWN, landing, Cecil co. Md. on the E. side of Elk r. 1 m. S. from Elkton. FRENCHTOWN, t. Monroe co. Michigan territory. FRENCH VILLAGE, v. II. 5 m. E. from St. Louis. FRENEUSE, lake, N. Brunswick, through which St. John river passes. FRESNILLO, t. Mexico, 30 m. NW. from Zacatecas. Lon. 101 58 W.; lat. 23 22 N. FRIENDLY COVE, harbor in Nootka Sound, on the N W. coast of America. FRIENDSHIP, t. Lincoln co. Me. 30 m.E. from Wiscasset. Pop. 634. FRIENDSHIP, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. SW. of Angelica. Pop. 1,502. FRIENDSHIP, v. Anne Arundel co. Md. FRIENDSVILLE, v. Susquehannah co. Pa. FROBISHER S STRAITS, little north of Cape Farewell, and West Greenland, discover ed by Sir Martin Frobisher. Lon. 42 W. lat 63 N. FROG S POINT, or Frog s Neck, West- chester co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 9 m. NE. from Haerlem Heights. FRONTINAC, co. Upper Canada, on Lake Ontario. FRONTROYAL, v. Frederick co. Va. FRUITSTOWN, t. Ly coming co. Pa, FROSTBURG, v. Alleghany co. Md. situ ate on the national road, 10 m. W. from Cum berland. This is perhaps the most elevated town in the U. States, being, according to Mr. Schriver, 1792 feet above tide-water in Chef v- peake Bay. This village is 145 m. from W. FRUITSTOWN, t. Columbia co. Pa. 15 m. N. from Danville FRYBURG, t. Oxford co. Me. and the seat of an academy ; lying on the N. branch of Saco river, 58 m. NVV. of Portland. Pop. in 1820,1,057; in 1830,1,353. FRYINGPAN SHOALS, off Cape Fear r. N.C. FUERTE RIO, r. Mexico, in Sonora, flows into the Gulf of California. FULLENWIDERS, t. Lincoln co. N. C. 194 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. FULLERTON, Point, cape, on the W. coast of Antigua. Lon. 61 35 W. ; lat. 17 13 N. It is also the name of a cape in Hudson s Bay. Lon. 88 20 W.; lat. 64 10 N. FULLING-MILLS, v. Kent co. R. I. FULLMOON SHOAL, shoal of cape Hat- teras, N. C. having 10 or 12 feet at low water. FULTON, v. Rowan co. N. C. 137 m. by postroad from Raleigh. FULTON, t. Sumpter district, S. C 49 m. from Columbia. FULTON, C. H. Fulton co. II. 96 m. from Vandalia. FUNDY, Bay of, North America, between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Its en trance is between Cape Sable, the SW. point of Nova Scotia, and Mount Desert Island on the coast of Maine. The tides in the Bay of Fundy have an extraordinary rise. At the entrance of the bay they are only of the ordi nary height, about 8 feet ; but at Lubec, com mon tides rise 25 feet ; at St. John, 30 ; and at the head of the bay 60 feet. The tides here are so rapid as to overtake and sweep off ani mals feeding on the shore. FUNKSTOWN, or Jerusalem, t. Washing ton co. Md. on Antietam creek, 2J m. SW. from Elizabethtown. FURNACE, v. Litchfield co. Ct. 58 m. a little N. of W. from Hartford. FURRY S TOWN, t. Jamaica, in St. James co. 20 m. NE. from Savannah la Mer. G. GAINES, t. Orleans co.N. Y. on Lake On tario ; 30 m. W. from Rochester, 18 N. from Batavia, Pop. 2,121. GAINESVILLE, t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 24 m. S. from Batavia. Pop. 1,934. GALEN, t. Seneca co. N. Y. on the Erie canal, immediately N. of Junius. It contains the village of Clyde. Here are salt-works. Pop. 2,979. GALLATIN, t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 19 m. SE. from Hudson. The Ancram iron-works in this town are very extensive, and the iron is highly prized. The ore is obtained from the neighboring town of Salisbury, Ct. GALLATIN, t. and cap. Sumner co. W. Ten. ; 27 m. NE. from Nashville. Here is an academy. GALLATIN, co. Ken.; bounded N. by Ohio river ; E. by Grant, SE. by Grant and Owen, and SW. by Henry. Length 35 m. mean width 10. Chief town, Port William. Pop. 6,680. GALLATIN, co. II.; bounded by Wabash river E. and SE. Pope S. Franklin W. and White N. Length 36 m. mean width 33. Chief town, Shawneetown. Pop. in 1820, 3,155 ; in 1830, 7,407. GALLATIN, v. Copiah co. Mississippi ; 36 m, from Monticello. GAL GEO 275 GALLATIN S RIVER, one of the three forks of the Missouri, joins the main stream in Ion. 110 5 W. ; lat. 45 15 N. GALLIA, co. Ohio ; bounded by the Ohio river E. and SE. Lawrence SW. Jackson NW. and Meigs N. Length 36 m. width 24. Pop. 9,733. Chief town, Gallipolis. GALLIPOLIS, t and cap. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river ; 57 m. SE. from Chillicothe, 102 SE. from Columbus. It contains a court-house, jail, and academy. It was settled in 1790 by a French colony. Pop. 755. Lat. 38 50 N. GALLOWAY, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 1,659. GALVESTON, v. La. on the Iberville at its confluence with Amite river, 18 m. from Don- aldsonville, 25 SE. from Baton Rouge. Lat 30 20 N. GALWAY, t. Saratoga co. N. Y.; 8 m. W. from Ballston, 31 from Albany. Pop. 2,710. GARDINER, t. Kcnnebeck co. Me. on the W. bank of Kennebeck river, opposite Pitts- town. Cobbeseconte river runs through this town, and for more than a mile has a contin ued succession of falls on which are erected various manufacturing establishments. The Gardiner Lyceum is established here, and went into operation in January, 1823. It is novel in its design, being intended to fit young men to become farmers and mechanics. In struction is given in the various branches of natural science, and their application to prac tical purposes. The term of study is 3 years. It is 6 m. S. from Augusta. Pop. 3,709. GARDINER S BAY and ISLAND, at the E. end of Long Island, N. Y. Lon. 72 15 W.; lat. 41 3 N. The island is 7 m. long. It was settled in 1639 by Lyon Gardiner, and is now the property of one of his de scendants. GARDNER, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 25 m. N. from Worcester, 58 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,023. GARLAND, t. Penobscot co. Me.; 28 m. NW. from Bangor. Pop. 621. GARRARD, co. Ken.; bounded by Rock- castle SE. Lincoln SW. Mercer NW. Ken tucky river, or Jessamine N. and Madison NE. Length 28 m. mean width 8. Chief town, Lancaster. Pop. in 1820, 10,851 ; in 1830, 11,870. GASCONADE, r. Miso. which falls into the Missouri from the N. 100 m. from its conflu ence with the Mississippi. GATES, t. Monroe co. N. Y. at the mouth of Genesee river; 28 m. NW. from Canandai- gua. Pop. 2,643. GATES, co. N. C. in the NE. part of the state. Length 23 m. mean width 11. Pop. 7,856. Chief town, Hertford. GAULEY, r. Va, enters the E. side of the Kenhawa, above the falls. GEAUGA, co. Ohio; bounded NW. by Lake Erie, E. by Ashtabula and Trumbull, S. by Geauga, and W. by Cuyahoga. Length 28 m. width 21. Chief town, Chardon. Pop. in 1820, 7,791 ; in 1830, 15,813. GEDDYSBURGH, v. in Salina, N. Y. on the Erie canal. GENESEE, r. rises in Pa. and flowing through New York, falls into Lake Ontario, affording a good harbor at its mouth. About 40 m. N. of the Pennsylvania line, there are two falls in the river, 1 of 60 and 1 of 90 feet, a mile apart. At Rochester there are also two falls, 1 of 96 feet, and 1, 3 m. below, of 75 feet. Vessels ascend to the falls. GENESEE, co. N. Y. ; bounded S. by Al- cghany and Cataraugus, W. by Erie and Niagara, N. by Lake Ontario, and E, by Mon roe and Livingston cos. Length 52 m. width 26. Pop. 51,992. Chief town, Batavia. GENESEO, t. and cap. Livingston co. N. Y on the Genesee river ; 25 m. W. from Canan daigua, 33 S. from Rochester, 35 E. from Batavia. Pop. 1,598. GENEVA, v. in Seneca township, Ontario co. N. Y. on the W. side of Seneca Lake, near the outlet ; 16 m. E. from Canandaigua, 95 W. from Utica, 192 W. from Albany, 345 from W. The lake is here 3 miles wide. It is one of the neatest villages in the state. The neigh borhood has a varied and pleasant scenery, with many elegant country-seats. The vil lage contains 4 churches, a bank, and a col lege. The college was founded in 1823. It has 9 instructors, and a library of 1,500 vols. Commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. It has 3 vacations : 1st, from com mencement, 5 weeks ; 2d, at Christmas and New Year, 2 weeks ; 3d, three weks in April. GENEVA, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake Erie ; 10 m. NW. from Jefferson. Pop. 315. GENOA, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on Cayuga Lake ; 25 m. S. from Auburn, 180 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,585. It has 5 houses of pub lic worship. GENOA, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 2,768. GEORGE, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the SE. side of the Monongahela, at the mouth of George creek, 16 m. SW. from Union. It 5s a place of considerable trade. GEORGE LAKE, a beautiful lake, 36 m. long, and about 2 broad, between Washington and Warren counties, N. Y. It communicates with Lake Champlain, by an outlet 3 miles long, in which distance the water descends nearly 100 feet The lake is surrounded by high mountains, and is much celebrated for the romantic beauty of its scenery. There are numerous small islands in the lake, on some of which are found crystals of quartz, of un common transparency and perfection of form. This lake was conspicuous in tire wars of thin country, and several memorable battles were fought on its borders. GEORGE, t Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,086. GEORGE CREEK, r. America, which runs into the Potomac, 12 m. SW. from Fort Cumberland. GEORGETOWN, t. Lincoln co. Me. on the Kennebeck ; 15 m. SW. from Wiscasset, 160 NE. from Boston, 621 from W. Pop. 1,258. GEORGETOWN, t Madison co. N. Y. Pop. 1,094. 276 GEO-GIB GEORGETOWN, t. Beaver co. Pa. ; 44 m. below Pittsburg, on the S. side of the Ohio. This is a flourishing town, and is a place of considerable trade. GEORGETOWN, t. and cap. Sussex co. Delaware ; 16 m. WSW. from Lewistown, 103 S. from Philadelphia, 108 from W. It con tains an academy and a bank. GEORGETOWN, t. and port of entry, Washington co. and District of Columbia, on NE. bank of the Potomac, about 200 m. from its mouth, and 300 from the capes of Virginia, 3 m. W. of the Capitol in Washington. It is separated from Washington by Rock creek, yet from its proximity it appears to the eye to make a part of the city. The situation is very pleasant, commanding a beautiful view of the river, the city of Washington, and the sur rounding country. The houses are principally built of brick, and many of them are elegant. On the hills near the town there are several elegant country-seats. The situation is very healthy, and the water excellent. It is a flour ishing town, and a place of considerable trade. Pop. 8,441. A canal from the Potomac to the Ohio begins at this place. Georgetown Col lege, situated here, is a Catholic institution, under the direction of the Incorporated Catho lic Clergy of Maryland. It was first incor porated in 1799. It has two spacious edifices, and a library containing 7,000 volumes. The number of students ranges from 140 to 175. Here is likewise a large nunnery, called the. Convent of Visitation. It was founded by the late most Rev. Archbishop Neale, in 1798. The number of nuns varies from 50 to 70. Attached to this institution is a large and flourishing Female Academy. The boarding school contains 100 young ladies, under the instruction of the nuns. GEORGETOWN, v. Kent co. Md. on the Sassafras river, 65 m. SW. from Philadelphia. GEORGETOWN, district of S. C. ; bound- ed by the Atlantic ocean SE. by Santee river or Charleston SW. by Williamsburg NW. and by Marion and Horry NE. Length 36 m. mean width 25. Chief town, Georgetown. Pop. 1820, 17,603 ; in 1830, 19,943. GEORGETOWN, v. seaport, and seat of justice, Georgetown district, S. C. near the head of Winyan Bay, 60 m. NE. from Charles ton. Lat 3321 N. Pop. about 2,000. Ves sels drawing 11 feet water pass up to the town It has a fine back country, watered by the Great Pedee. It contains several places of public worship, a bank, and the ordinary build ings necessary for a county town. GEORGETOWN, v. Warren co. Geo. on the left side of Ogeechee river, m. from Savannah, and 35 above Louisville. GEORGETOWN, t. and seat of justice, Scott co. Ken. on the left bank of North Elk- horn creek, 15 m. E. from Frankfort. It con tains a court-house, bank, printing-office, and several places of public worship. Lat. 38 14 N. ; Ion. 7 28 W. from W. Pop. 1,344. GEORGETOWN, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 6 m. SE. from Cadiz. GEORGETOWN, v. Dearborn co. In. GEORGETOWN CROSS-ROADS, v. Kent co. Md. ; 1 m. S. from Georgetown, D. C. GEORGETOWN ENTRANCE, the mouth of the Great Pedee river, on the coast of South Carolina. GERMAN, t. Chenango co. N. Y. ; 15 m. W. from Norwich, 115 W. from Albany. Pop. 884. GERMAN, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,900. GERMAN, t. Clarke co. Ohio. GERMAN, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. GERMAN, t. Cape Girardeau co. Miso. GERMAN FLATS, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the S. side of the Mohawk ; 5 m. S. from Herkimer, 75 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,466. In this town stood Fort Herkimer, mentioned in the history of American wars. The Ger man Flats are an extensive tract of alluvial land, on both sides of the Mohawk, in this town and in Herkimer. Though it has been cultivated nearly 100 years, it has lost none of its fertility. GERMANNA, v. on Rapid Ann river, in the NE. angle of Orange co. Va. ; 72 m. SW. from W. and 81 N. from Richmond. GERMANTOWN, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on Hudson river, 12 m. below Hudson. Pop. 967. GERMANTOWN, t. Philadelphia co. Pa, ; 6 m. N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 4,642. It contains 4 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for German Calvinists, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Friends. The houses are chiefly of stone, some of them large and elegant, and built principally on one street, about 2 m. in length. The inhabitants are mostly Germans and Dutch. Here is the principal congregation of the Menonists. The battle of Germantown was fought here on the 4th of October, 1777. In this village is situated Mount Airy College, an institution justly celebrated. The rail-road from Philadelphia to Norristown passes through this place. GERMANTOWN, t. Hyde co. N. C. on a bay in Pamlico Sound ; 108 m. from Ra leigh. GERMANTOWN, t. Stokes co. N. C. on the Town Fork of the Dan. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 40 houses. GERMANTOWN, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 13 m. S. from Dayton. GERMANY, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,272. GERRY, t. Chatauque co. N. York. Pop 1,110. GETTYSBURG, t. and cap. Adams eo. Pa. on Rock creek, one of the sources of the Monocasy, 36 m. from Williamsport, Md. 52 from Baltimore, 118 W. from Philadelphia. Pop. 1,473. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and printing-office, from which a news paper is issued. GHENT, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. 2,790. GHENT, t. Gallatin co. Ken. on the Ohio, opposite Vevay. GIANT OF THE VALLEY, mt. Eliza- bethtown, N. York, 1,200 feet high. GIBBONSVILLE, v. in Watervliet, N. Y Here is a U. S. arsenal. GIBSON, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 300. GIB GOL 277 GIBSON, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 1,000. GIBSON, co. in the SW. part of Indiana. Pop. 5,417. Chief town, Princeton. GIBSON, co. in the western part of Ten. Pop. 5,801. Chief town, Trenton. GIBSONPORT, t. and cap. Claiborne co. Mississippi, on Pierre bayou, 30 m. above its entrance into the Mississippi, 45 m. from Natchez, 1,154 from W. GIBSON CREEK, runs into the N. side of the Missouri, in Ion. 106 30 W. ; lat. 47 N. GILEAD, t. Oxford co. Me. ; 30 m. WN W from Paris. Pop. 377. GILES, co. W. part of Va.; bounded NE. by Greenbrier and Monroe cos. SE. by Mont gomery co. SW. by Tazewell co. and NW. by Kenhawa co. Pop. 5,298, of whom 470 are slaves. GILES, co. on N. side of West Tennessee. Pop. 18,920. Chief town, Pulaski. GILFORD, t. Strafford co. N. H. on SW. side of Lake Winnipiseogee ; 28 m. NNE. from Concord, 55 N W. from Portsmouth. This town was formed from the N. part of Gilmanton. It is connected with Meredith by a bridge, at which there is a considerable village. Pop. 1,872. GILL, t Franklin co. Mass, on W. side of the Connecticut ; 3 m. ENE. from Greenfield Pop. 864 GILLORI, island near the coast of Missis sippi, at the mouth of the Mobile, near Dau phin s Island. GILMANTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 19 m. NNE. from Concord, 50 NW. from Ports mouth, 523 from W. Pop. 3,816. It con tains a court-house, a number of respectable manufacturing establishments, an academy, and several houses of public worship. The Court of Common Pleas for the county is held alternately at Gilmanton and Rochester, and the Superior Court at Dover. GILMANTON, Lower, v. in the township of Gilmanton, GILSUM, t. Cheshire co. N. H.; 6 m. N from Keene. Pop. 642. GLASGOW, t. and cap. Barren co. Ken. : 61 m. ENE. from Russellville, 148 SW. from Lexington, 66 from W. Pop. 617. It is a flourishing town, situated in a fertile country and contains the county buildings and a bank GLASGOW, New, t. Amherst co. Va. about 20 N, by E. from Lynchburg. GLASSBOROUGH,v. Gloucester co. N. J. 20 m. SE. from Philadelphia, Here is a con siderable glass manufactory, GLASTENBURY, t. Bennington co. Vt 11 m. NE. from Bennington. Pop. 52. GLASTENBURY, t. Hartford co. Ct. on E. side of the Connecticut, opposite Wethers- field; 6 m. SSE. from Hartford. Pop. 2,980, It is a pleasant town, and contains an academy GLENNS, v. Gloucester co. Va. ; 159 m, from W. GLENVILLE, v. in Queensbury, Washing ton co. N. Y. on the Hudson at Glenn s Falls 3 m. W. from Sandy Hill. A weekly news- paper is published here. Glenn s Falls present a beautiful and picturesque scenery. The de scent is 28 feet in 3 rods. Here is a bridge across the river. GLESE, r. La. which runs into the Mis sissippi. GLOUCESTER, t. and s-p. Essex co. Mass, on Cape Ann, at N. extremity of Massachu setts Bay; 16 m. NE. from Salem, 30 NE. from Boston, 469 from W. Pop. 7,513. It contains a bank, an insurance office, and 2 public libraries, the largest of which contains about 700 volumes. It is divided into five parishes, in each of which is a Congregational meeting-house. The harbor is very open and accessible for large ships, and it is one of the most considerable fishing towns in the state. The harbor is defended by a battery. GLOUCESTER, t. Providence co. R. I. in the NW. corner of the state, having Massa chusetts on the N. and Connecticut on the W Pop. 2,524. GLOUCESTER, small village, Gloucester co. N. J. on the E. bank of the river Delaware, 3 m. below Philadelphia. Pop. 2,159. GLOUCESTER, co. N. J. bounded by the Atlantic Ocean SE. Cape May, Cumberland, and Salem cos. SW. Delaware r. NW. and by Burlington co. NE. ; length 40 m. breadth 20. Chief towns, Woodbury, Gloucester, and Cam- den. Pop. 28,431. GLOUCESTER, co. Va. bounded E. by Mock Jack Bay, SE. and SW. by York river, NW. by King and Queen, and NE. by Mid dlesex and Matthews ; length 20, mean width 16 m. Chief town, Gloucester. Pop. 10,608, of whom 5,691 are slaves. GLOUCESTER, C. H. Gloucester co. Va. 80 m. E. from Richmond. GLOUCESTER FORT, or Point au Pins, U. C. the first point on the north shore in the narrows leading from Lake Superior towards the falls of St. Mary. GLOUCESTER TOWNSHIP, U.C. in the county of Dundas ; it lies eastward of and ad joining the river Radeau. GLOUCESTER FACTORY, establish ment of the Hudson s Bay Company, on a branch of Albany river. Lat. 51 30 N. GLOVER, t. Orleans co. Vt. 35 m. NNE. from Montpelier. Pop. 902. GLOYDSBOROUGH, v. Hampshire co. Va. GLYNN, co. Geo. bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the SE. Camden co. or Little St. Ilia river SW. Wayne co. NW. and Alatamaha river NE. ; length 20 m. width 20. Chief town, Brunswick. Pop. in 1820, 3,418; in 1830, 4,467. GNADENHUTTEN, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the E. side of the Muskingum, 11 m. S. from New Philadelphia. GOFFSTOWN, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the W. side of the Merrimack, at Amos- keag falls, where is a bridge across the river, 15 m. S. from Concord, 13 NNE. from Am- herst. Pop. 2,213. GOLCONDA, t. Pope co. II. on the Ohio, 278 GOT, GRA GOLDSBOROUGII, t. Hancock co. Maine, 40 m. E. from Castine, 188 NE. from Portland. Lat. 44 19 N. Pop. 880. GOOCHLAND, co. Va. in the central part of the state. Pop. 10,348, of whom 5,706 are slaves, GOOSEBERRY ISLAND, and Rocks, off Cape Ann, Mass. GORDONSVILLE, v. Smith co. Ten. 6 m. from Carthage, and 56 NNE. from Murfrees- borough. GORDONSVILLE, v. Orange ca Va. 2 m. from which is Springhill academy, a very re spectable institution. GORHAM, t. Cumberland co. Maine, 9 m. NW. from Portland. It contains an academy and two churches, round which is a consider able village. Pop. 2,988. GORHAM, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 8 m. E. from Canandaigua, 10 W. from Geneva. It con tains 2 churches, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Presbyterians. Pop. 2,977. GOSFIELD, t. Essex co. U. C. on Lake Erie, W. from Mersea. GOSHEN, t. Addison co. Vt. 31 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 555. GOSHEN, t Hampshire co. Mass. 12 m. NW. from Northampton, 112 W. from Boston. Pop. G06. GOSHEN, t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the Green Mountain range, 6 m. NW. from Litchfield, 32 W. from Hartford. Pop. 1,732. It is famous for its cheese. GOSHEN, t. and half-shire, Orange co. N.Y. 20 m. W. from Westpoint, 63 N. from New York. Pw. 3,361. The village is pleasantly situated, and contains the court-house, jail, bank, academy, and 2 or 3 printing-offices. GOSHEN, v. Cape May co. N. J. 104 m. S. from Trenton. GOSHEN, West, t. of Chester co. Pa. about 5 m. E. from Downingtown, on the creek cf Brandy wine and head of Chester creek. Pop. 1,600, including the borough of West Chester. Chief town, West Chester. GOSHEN, v. London co. Va. on the road from Washington to Winchester, 35 m. from Washington. GOSHEN, v. Lincoln co. Geo. about 40 m. above Augusta. GOSHEN, t. Clermont co. Ohio, 18 m. NW. from Williamsburg. GOSHEN, t. of St Clair co. Illinois. GOSHEN MILLS, v. on Seneca creek, Montgomery co. Md. by postroad 32 m. NW. from W. 2 crescent batteries, with heavy guns, is on this island. GRAFTON, t. Grafton co. N. H. 30 m. NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,207. GRAFTON, t. Windham co. Vt. 22 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,439. GRAFTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 8 m. SE. from Worcester. Pop. 1,889. GRAFTON, co. W. part of N. H. bounded NE. by Coos co. E. by Strafford co. S. by Hills- borough and Cheshire cos. and W. by Vermont. Pop. in 1820, 32,989 ; in 1830, 38,691. Chief towns, Haverhill and Plymouth. GRAFTON, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 11 m. E. from Troy. Pop. 1,681. GRAINGER, co. Ten. between Clinch and Jefferson SE. and Hawkins Holston rivers ; bounded by Knox SW. Claiborne NW. GOSPORT, t. Norfolk co. Va. on Elizabeth 1 3,69 6. NE. ; length 30 m. mean width 12 ; area 360 sq. ms. Surface hilly, and soil sterile, except along the margin of the streams. Chief town, Rutledge. Lat. 36 15 N.; Ion. from W. 6 40 W GRANADA, island in the West Indies, the principal of the Grenadines ; situated in Ion. from W. 5 40 E. and between 11 55 and 12 23 N. lat. It is the last of the Windward Caribbees, and 30 leagues NW. of Tobago. The chief port, called Lewis, is on the W. side, in the middle of a large bay, with a sandy bottom, and is very spacious. GRANADA, t. of N. America, in the prov ince of Nicaragua, seated on the Lake Nicara gua. The inhabitants carry on a great trade by means of the lake, which communicates w ith the Atlantic Ocean. It is 54 m. SE. of Leon. Lon. from W. 8 46 W.; lat. 12 5 N. GRANBY, t. Essex co. Vt. 60 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 97. GRANBY, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 9 m. ESE. from Northampton, 90 W. from Boston. In this town and South Hadley there are ex tensive open plains and fields, on which are annually raised for market large quantities of rye. Pop. 1,064. GRANBY, t. Hartford co. Ct. 17 m. NW from Hartford. Pop. 2,730. GRANBY, t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 1,423. GRANBY, t. Lexington district, S. C. on the Congaree, opposite Columbia. GRAND ISLE, isl. N. Y. in the Niagara, 4 m. above the falls. It contains 48,000 acres. It belongs to the town of Buffalo. GRAND ISLE, co. NW. part of Vt. It is composed of islands in Lake Champlain.* the largest are North and South Hero. Pop.. river, 1 m. S. from Norfolk. Here is one of the United States navy yards. GOUVERNEUR, t. SL Lawrence co. N. Y. 20 m. S. from Ogdensburg, 192 NW. from Al bany. Pop. 1,552. GOVERNADOR, r. Florida, runs into Pen- eacola Bay. GOVERNOR S ISLAND, isl. in Boston harbor, Mass. 2 m. E. from Boston. It contains about 70 acres, and has a pleasant and com manding situation. Fort Warren, whrch has GRAND LAKE, or Chilnucook Lake, on E. side of Maine, at the sources of the St Croix. GRAND PRE, Seigniory, St. Maurice co. L. C. on Lake St. Peter, 18 m. W. from Three rivers. GRAND RIVER, of Ohio, rises in Trum- bull co. and flowing about 10 m. nearly N. enters Ashtabula co. and continuing N. about 20 m. turns nearly at right angles and enters Geauga co. in which it falls into Lake Erie at GRA GRE 279 Fairport, after an entire comparative course of 50 m. See Painsville and Fairport. GRAND RIVER, or Nipigon River, U. C. falls into Lake Superior from the N. a little E. opposite Keweena point GRANT, co. Ken. bounded by Owen S. Gal- latin W. Boone N. and Pendleton E.; length 20 m. mean width 13. Pop. in 1820, 1,805 ; in 1830, 2,987. Chief town, Williamstown. GRANVILLE, t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. WSW. from Springfield. Pop. 1,652. GRANVILLE, t. Washington co. N. Y. 12 m. SE. from Whitehall, 60 NE. from Al bany. It contains 3 villages, an academy, and 5 churches. It is watered by Pawlet and In dian rivers, on which are many mills. In this town is a quarry of good marble. Pop. 3,882. GRANVILLE, co. N. C. bounded N. by Va. E. by Warren and Franklin cos. S. by Wake, and W. by Orange and Person ; length 30 m. mean width 23. Chief town Oxford. Pop. in 1820, 18,216 ; in 1830, 19,343. GRANVILLE, v. Monongahela co. Va.329 m. NW. from W. GRANVILLE, t. Licking co. Ohio, 27 m. NE. from Columbus, 32 W. from Zanesville. It has a bank. GRASS, r. N. Y. runs into the St. Law rence, opposite St. Regis island, after a course of 125 m. In Canton it is connected by a natural canal with the Oswegatchie. GRATIS, t. Preble co. Ohio. GRATISTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. GRAVESEND, t. Kings co. Long-Island, N. Y, on the sea-coast, 4 m. S. from Flatbush, 9J S. from New- York. Gravesend beach is a frequent resort for parties of pleasure from the city. Pop. 565. GRAY, t. Cumberland co. Me. 20 m. N. from Portland. Pop. 1,575. GRAYSON, co. Va. bounded SW. by N. C. NW. by Washington and Wythe, NE. by Montgomery, and SE. by Patrick ; length 70 m. mean width 13. GRAYSON, co. Ken. between Green river and Rough creek, bounded S. by Warren, SW. by Butler, W. by Ohio co. N. by Breckenridge, NE. by Hardin, and E. by Hart ; length 36 m. mean width 16^. GREAT BAY, N. H. the W. branch of the Piscataqua ; receives Exeter and Lamprey rivers, and unites with the main branch of the Piscataqua at Hilton s point, 5 m. above Ports- mouth. GREAT BARRINGTON, t. Berkshire co. Mass, about 23 m. W. of Springfield, on the river Connecticut. Pop. 2,276. GREAT BEND, t. Susquehannah co. GREAT VALLEY, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. Pop. 647. GREAT WORKS, r. Penobscot co. Me. flows into the E. side of the Penobscot, 2 m. below the great falls. GREECE, v. Monroe co. N. Y. W. from Genesee river, and 7 m. NNW. from Rochester. GREEGVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va. 25 m. W. from W. GREEN, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. GREEN, t, Clark co. Ohio. GREEN, t. Franklin co. Penn. on both sides of the road from Shippensburg to Chambers- burg. Pop. 2,200. GREEN, co. of Ohio, bounded by Clinton and Warren S. Montgqmery W. Clark N. Madison NE. and Fayette E. ; length 24 m. breadth 18. Chief town Xenia. Pop. in 1820, 10,529 ; in 1830, 15,084. GREEN, t. Clinton co. Ohio. GREEN, t. Fayette co. Ohio. GREEN, t of Gallia co. Ohio. GREEN, t. in Harrison co. Ohio. GREEN, t of Richland co. Ohio. GREEN, t. of Ross co. Ohio, on the E. side of Scioto river. GREEN, t. of Scioto co. Ohio, on Ohio river. GREEN, v. and t. Stark co. Ohio. GREENE, co. N. Y. bounded E. by Hud son river, S. by Ulster, W. by Delaware, NW. by Schoharie, and N. by Albany ; length 32 m. mean width 30. Chief town Catskill. GREENE, t. Kennebec co. Maine, 24 m. SW. from Augusta. Pop. 1,324. GREEN BAY, or Bay Puan, a large bay on the W. side of Lake Michigan. It extends from the N. end of the lake 90 miles, in a SW. direction, and is 15 or 20 miles wide. Across its entrance is a chain of islands, called the Grand Traverse, which shelters the bay from the winds that often blow with violence across the lake. Several of the channels between them are of sufficient depth to admit vessels of 200 tons burthen, which traverse the bay and ascend Fox river several miles. Green bay abounds with fish, particularly sturgeons and white fish. It has several small bays, the principal of which is Sturgeon s bay. The principal rivers which it receives, are Fox and Menominy. GREENBRIER, co. of Va. bounded by Nicholas, E. Monroe SE. Kenhawa river, or Giles SW. Kenhawa NW. and Randolph NE. length 50 in. mean width 24. Chief town, Lewisburg. Pop. in 1820, 7,040; in 1830, 9,015. GREENSBOROUGH, t Orleans co. Vt. 27 m. NNE. from Montpelier. Pop. 784. GREENSBOROUGH, t Caroline co. Md. on the W. side Choptank creek, 7 m. N. from Danton, 22 SE. from Chester. GREENSBURG, t. and bor. Westmoreland co. Pa. on a branch of Sewicky creek, one of the sources of the Youghiogeny, 30 m. SE. by E. Pittsburg 75 from Bedford. Pop. 871. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, academy, and a German Calvinist church. GREENSBURG, t. Beaver co. Pa. 10 m. N. from Beavertown. Pop. 1,291. Here is an academy. GREENSBURG, v. West-Chester co. N. Y. 20 m. N. from the city of N. Y. GREENSBURG, t. and cap. Greene co. Ken. on Green river, 69 m. W. from Lexington, 95 E. from Russellville, 79 from Frankfort, and 493 from W. It contains a court-house, jail, arid bank. Pop. 665. GREEN BUSH, v. Windsor co. Ver. 68 m S. from Montpelier. 280 GRE GRO GREEN BUSH, opposite the city of Albany, and in Rensselaer co. N. Y. Pop. 3,216. GREEN CASTLE, v. Franklin co. Penn. 11 m. S. of Chambersburg, and the same dis tance N. of Hagerstown, Md. Pop. 1,400. GREEN CASTLE, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. NW. from New Lancaster, and 11 SE. from Columbus. GREEN CASTLE, v. Putnam co. In. 46 in. W. from Indianapolis. GREEN POINT, cape, Florida, in Pensa- cola bay. Lon. 87 4 W.; lat. 30 31 N. GREEN RIVER, Ken. rises in Lincoln co. and flowing W. joins the Ohio, 200 m. below Louisville, 50 above the mouth of the Cumber land. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, and is navigable for boats nearly 200 m. GREENUP, NE. co. Ken. bounded N. by Ohio, E. by Big Sandy river, S. by Lawrence, W. by Fleming, and NW. by Lewis ; length 43 m. mean width 14. Pop. 5,853. Chief town, Greenupsburg. GREENUPSBURG, v. and seat of justice, Greenup co. Ken. on the Ohio river, above the mouth of Little Sandy river, and 125 m. NE. by E. from Lexington. Lat. 38 37 N. ; Ion. from W. 5 48 W. GREENVILLE, t. Greene co. N. Y. on Catskill creek, 14 m. NW. from Athens, 25 S. from Albany. Here is an academy. GREENVILLE, t. Somerset co. Pa. GREENVILLE, co. Va. bounded by N. C. S. Brunswick, W. Dinwiddie NW. Sussex NE. and Southampton E.; length 22, width 14m. Chief town, Hicksford. Pop. 1820, 6858; 1830, 7,117. GREENVILLE, v. Augusta co. Va. 10 m. SSW. from Staunton, and 136 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Pitt co. N. C. on the S. bank of Tar river, 110 m. from Ocre- cock inlet, 279 from Washington. It contains a court-house, jail, and academy. GREENVILLE, district, in the NW. part ofS. C. Pop. 16,476. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Greenville co. S. C. on Reedy river, 110 m. N. from Augusta, Geo. 110 from Columbia. The air is cool and healthful, and many persons from the low country of Carolina and Georgia reside here m summer. GREENVILLE, t. Darlington co. S. C. on the W. side of Great Pedee river, 55 ENE. from Camden, 90 NE. from Columbus. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Green co. Ten. on the head waters of French Broad river, 26 m. W. from Jonesboro , 81 E. from Knoxville, 273 from Nashville, 454 from W. The village contains a court-house, jail, printing-office, Presbyterian meeting-house, and about 150 dwelling-houses. A few miles S. of the village is Greenville college, a flourishing institution, incorporated in 1794. It has a library of about 4000 volumes. Commencement is on the third Wednesday of Sept. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Muhlenburg co. Ken. 35 m. NNW. from Russellville, 180 from Lexington, 177 from Frankfort, and 715 fromW Pop. 219. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Jefferson, Miss. 21 m. NE. from Natchez. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Dark co. Ohio, 80 m. N. from Cincinnati, 86 W. from Colum bus. Lon. 84 32 W. ; lat. 40 2 N. In Aug 1795, a famous treaty was held here by general Wayne, on the part of the U. S. with the In dians. GREENVILLE, co. U. C. bounded on the E. by the co. of Dundas, on the S. by the river St. Lawrence, and on the W. by Elizabeth- Town. Greenville comprehends all the islands near to it in the river St. Lawrence. It sends one representative to the provincial parliament. GREENVILLE CREEK, tributary of the SW. branch of Miami river, running E. past old fort Greenville. One mile above its mouth and 17 below Greenville, it has a perpendicu lar fall of 15 feet. GREENWICH, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 m. E. from Northampton, 75 W. from Boston. Pop. 813. GREENWICH, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, in SW. corner of the state, 14 m. WSW. from Norwalk, 45 WSW. from New Haven. Lat. 41 1 N. Pop. 3,805. GREENWICH, t. Washington co. N. Y. 8 m. W. from Salem, 37 N. from Albany. Pop. 3,850. It contains 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists ; an academy, a distillery, and extensive cotton and woollen manufactories. GREENWICH, t. Cumberland co. N. J. 10 m. SW. from Bridgeton. Pop. 900. GREENWICH, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware, 5 m. NE. from Easton. Pop. 2,710. GREENWICH, t. Gloucester co. N. J. on E. side of the Delaware, 6 m. S. from Phila delphia. Pop. 3,000. GREENWICH, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,104. GREENWICH, East, t. and cap. Kent co. R. I. on NW. part of Narraganset Bay, 16 m. S. from Providence, 22 NNW. from Newport. Pop. 1,591. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Friends, and is a place of some trade. GREENWICH, West, t. Kent co. R. I. on W. side of East Greenwich, 20 m. SW. from Providence. Pop. 1,817. GREENWOOD, t Oxford co. Me. Pop. 694. GREENWOOD, t. MifHin co. Pa. W. of tho Susqsehannah. Pop. 1,097. GREENWOOD, t. Cumberland co. Pa. on W. side of the Susquehannah. Pop. l,30d GREGSTOWN, v. Somerset co. N. J. on the Millstone, 6 m. NE. from Princeton. GRIERSBURG, t Beaver co. Pa. Here is an academy. GRIMSBOYS, t. Fauquier co. Va. GRINDSTONE FORD, v. Claiborne co. Mis. 1,212 m. from W. GROS ISLE, island of the territory of Mi chigan, in Detroit river, near its discharge into Lake Erie. GROTON, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 10 m. S. by W. from Danville, 20 E. from Montpelier. Pop. 836. GROTON, t. Tompkin co. N. Y. GRO HAG 281 GROTON, t. Grafton co. N. H. 9 m. W. from Plymouth. Pop. 689. Here is an iron furnace for casting hollow ware. GROTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 10 m. S. from Amherst, 34 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,925. This is a very pleasant town, has an academy, and is a place of considerable busi ness. GROTON, t. New London co. Ct. on E. side of the Thames, opposite New London. Pop. 4,750. Fort Griswold, which defends the har bor of New London, is in this town. GROVEHILL, v. Warren co. N. C. 75 m. NNE. from Raleigh. GROVELAND, v. Livingston co. N. Y. on Genesee river, 30 m. SW from Canandaigua. Pop. 1,300. GUADALOUPE, on of the Leeward Carib- bee Islands, in the West Indies, between An tigua and Dominica, in Ion. 62 W. and lat. 16 20 N. The island, which is of an irreg ular figure, may be about 80 leagues in cir cumference. It is divided into two parts by a small arm of the sea, which is not above two leagues, and from 15 to 40 fathoms broad. This- canal, known by the name of the Salt River, is navigable, but will only carry vessels of 50 tons burden. The soil is exceedingly good, and well watered near the sea, by rivulets which fall from the mountains. The French settled in this island in 1632, in whose posses sion it still remains. Bassaterre is the capital. GUADALOUPE, r. of the republic of Mex ico, in Texas, falls into the Gulf of Mexico, after a course of about 200 m. Its mouth is 180 m. W. from that of the Sabine. GUANAXUATO, state of the republic of Mexico, bounded by Jalisco W. by Xacatecas and San Luis Potosi, N. by Queretaro E. and by Mechoacan S. ; length and breadth nearly equal, each about 80 m. ; area 6,255 sq. ms. ; lying between 20 30 and 21 10 N. This state is situated entirely on the table-land, and is the most populous region of the republic. The whole state is supposed to be above 5,000 feet above the level of the sea. The mine of Valenciana, near the city of Guanaxuato, is the most productive ever yet discovered. The products of the state are considerable in objects of agricultural and manufacturing industry. GUANAXUATO, capital of the preceding state, stands 170 m. NW. from the city of Mexico. Lon. from W. 23 50 W. ; lat. 21 N. Pop. about 90,000. GUANHANI, or Cat Island, one of the Ba hama Islands, the first land of America discov ered by Columbus, in 1492, and named by him St. Salvador. Lat, 24 20 N. GUATEMALA, or Central America. See page 161. GUATEMALA, city, the capital of the above republic, stands on a little stream called the Yacas, flowing into the Pacific. It is in lat. 14 40 N. and Ion. 91 25 W. It is hand somely built, with regular streets and many elegant public buildings. It was greatly dam aged in 1830 by an earthquake. Previous to that event it contained 40,000 inhabitants. 2L GUILDERLAND, t. Albany co. N. Y WNW. from Albany. Pop. 2,742. GUILDHALL, v. and seat of justice, Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut river, opposite Lancas ter. Pop. 481. It is 78 m. from Montpelier. and 564 from W. GUILFORD, t. Penobscot co. Me. 145 m. NE. from Portland. Pop. 655. GUILFORD, t. Strafford co. N. H. on Win- nipiseogee river, 38 m. N. from Concord. Pop. 1,872. GUILFORD, t. Windham co. Vt. 50 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,760. GUILFORD, t. New Haven eo. a. 18 m. E. by S. from New Haven, on Long Island Sound. Pop. 2,344. GUILFORD, v. between Unadilla, and Che- nango rivers, Chenango co. N. Y. 10 m. SSE. from Norwich. GUILFORD, co. N. C. bounded by Ran dolph S. Rowan and Stokes W. Rockinghain N. and Orange E. Length 26 m. width 25. Chief town, Martinsville. Pop. 18,735. GUILFORD, C. H. Guilford co. N. C. 48 in. NW. from Hillsborough ; the scene of a hard fought battle between the Americans under Gen. Greene, and the British under Lord Corn- wallis, March 15th, 1781. GUILFORD VILLAGE, v. Strafford co. N. H. 31 m. a little E. of N. from Concord. GULL ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of N. C. in Pamlico Sound. GULL ISLES, Great and Little, two small islands on the coast of Connecticut, 8 in. S. from New London. GUM SPRINGS, v. Orange co. Va. GUNPOWDER, v. Baltimore co. Md. 50 m. from W. GUNPOWDER-NECK, peninsula, Hart, ford co. Md. formed by Gunpowder and Bush rivers. GUNPOWDER RIVER, r. Md. runs into the Chesapeake, 11 m. N. of the Patapsco. GUYANDOT, or Guyandotte, t. Cabell co. Va. 423 m. from W. GUYANDOT, Big, r. Va. which runs NW. into the Ohio, 327 m. below Pittsburg. It is navigable for canoes 60 m. GUYANDOT, Little, r. Va. which runs into the Ohio. GUYANDOT, Indian, r. Gallia co. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, nearly opposite to Big Guyandot, in Virginia. GWINNETT, co. Geo. Pop. 12,220. Law- renceville is the capital. GWIN S ISLAND, small island m GICBO. peakeBay. Lat. 37 30 N. H. HAANE-KRAI-KILL, small r. N. Y. which joins the Hudson on W. side at New Baltimore landing. HABERSHAM, co. Geo. Pop. 10,648. Chief town, Clarksville. HABOLICHETTO, v. Hancock co. Miso. HACKETSTOWN, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Musconecunk ; 22 m. W. from Morristown. HACKINSACK, r. N. J, which rise* m 282 HAC HAL New- York, and running a southerly course 4 or 5 miles from the Hudson, mingles with the Passaic in Newark bay. It is navigable 15m. HACKINSACK, t. and cap. Bergen co. N. J. on the Hackinsack 20 m. NW. from New York, 229 from W. It contains a court house, 2 houses of public worship, and an academy. The houses are mostly of stone. HADDAM, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the W. bank of the Connecticut ; 10 m. SE. from Mid- dletown. Pop. 2,830. It is a pleasant and considerable town. HADDAM (East) t. Middlesex co. Ct. on E. bank of the Connecticut, opposite Haddam; 14 m. SE. from Middletown. Pop. 2,763. HADDONFIELD, v. Gloucester co. N, J. ; 6 m. E. from Philadelphia. HADDENSVILLE, v. Goochland co. Va,; W. 140. HADLEY, t. Hampshire co. Mass, on E. side of the Connecticut ; 3 m. NE. from North ampton, 92 W. from Boston. It is connected with Northampton by a bridge upwards of 1000 feet long. A bridge also connects the north part of the town with Hatfield, This town is noted for the culture of broom-corn, the annual sales of which, when manufactured, exceed 20,000 dollars. Hopkins Academy, in this town, is a flourishing seminary. It has a prin cipal, an assistant, and upwards of 100 stu dents. Pop. 1,886, HADLEY, (South) t. Hampshire co. Mass, on E. bank of the Connecticut ; 5 m. SE. from Northampton, 90 m. W. from Boston. About a mile south of the meeting-house there is a medicinal spring considerably resorted to. Here is a fall in the river of about 50 feet, which is overcome by a darn, 1100 feet long, and 4J feet high, and by a canal 712 rods long, with 5 locks. About one-third of the whole length of the canal is cut through a solid rock 10 feet deep, and near the locks more than 40 feet deep for 300 feet in length. Pop. 1,185 HADLEY, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson ; 17 m. N. from Ballston Spa. Pop. 829. HAGARSTOWN, t. and cap. Washington co. Md. on Antietam creek, 26 m. NW. from Fredericktown, 71 NN W. from Baltimore, from W. 63. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, and several houses of public worship. A great part of the houses are built of brick and stone. It is situated in a fertile tract of country, and has considerable trade. There are a number jf mills in the vicinity, on Antietam creek. Pop. 3,171. HAGUE, v. Westmoreland co. Va. 80 m. SE. from W. HAGUE, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side of Lake George ; 22 m. NE. from Caldwell. Pop. 721. This town is noted for a remarka ble knob, called Rogers Rock, which rises from the water s edge to the height of 300 feet. HAINA, r. St. Domingo, which runs north, and falls into Haina bay, 3 2 in. W. of the city of St. Domingo. HALEY S BRIDGE, v. Southampton co. Va. HALESFORD, v. Franklin co. Va. 150 m. SW by W. from Richmond. HALEYSBURG, v. Lunensburg co. Va. HALDIMAND, co. of U. C. on Lake On tario. HALDIMAND, co. Niagara district, Up- per Canada. HALDIMAND, t. Northumberland co. Up per Canada, on Lake Ontario. KALE S KEY, island in the gulf of Mexi. co, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 82 5 W. ; lat. 28 4 N. HALIFAX, t. Windham co. Vt. 50 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,562. HALIFAX, t Plymouth co. Mass. 13 m. NW. from Plymouth, 35 SE. from Boston. Pop. 709. HALIFAX, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on the E, side of the Susquehannah, 13 m. N. from Har- risburg. Pop.] T 772. HALIFAX co. Va. Pop. 28,032. Chief town. Bannister. HALIFAX, co. N,C. Pop. 17,738. Chief town, Halifax. HALIFAX, t. and cap. Halifax co. N. C. is pleasantly situated on the W. bank of the Ro- anoke, 7 m. below the Great Falls, and 70 by land from the mouth of the river; 36 m. N, from Tarborough, 72 m. S. by W. from Peters, burg. Lat. 36 13 N. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house and jail. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of con siderable burthen, A canal around the falls of the Roanoke opens the navigation for ba teaux, for more than 130 miles above the town. HALIFAX, r. Florida, flows S. about 30 m. and empties itself into Musquito inlet. HALIFAX, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 45 m. SE. from Three Rivers. HALIFAX, the capital of Nova-Scotia, is in Halifax co. on a spacious bay T or harbor, called Chebuctoo, which is open at all seasons of the year, is of a bold and easy entrance, and will admit 1,000 of the largest ships to ride in safety. The entrance is completely defended by Fort George. The town stands on the W. side of the harbor. Lon. 63 35 W. ; lat. 44 44 N. Pop. 15,000. HALL, co. Geo. Pop. 11,755. Gainesville is the county town. HALL S KEY, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 39 10 W. lat. 16 10 N. HALF MOON, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on tho Hudson above Waterford. Pop. 2,042. HALF-WAY HOUSE, v. York co. Va. 15 m. SE. from Williamsburg, and 23 NW. from Norfolk. HALF-HYDE BAY, on the W. coast of the island of Antigua, 2 m. S. from Reed point. HALF-MOON BAY, a bay on the W. coast of Jamaica, 2 m. N. from Orange bay. HALF-MOON BAY, on the N. coast of St. Christopher, 2 m. SE. from Ragged Point. HALF-MOON KEY, isl. near the south coast of Jamaica, 3 m. ENE. of Portland point. HALF-MOON KEY, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 89 W. lat. 17 10 N, HAL HAM 283 HALLOWELL, t Knnebeck co. Me. on Kennebeck river, at the head of the tide, 2 m, below Augusta, 54 m. NE. from Portland. Lat. 44 16 N. Pop. 3,964. It is a flourish ing town, a place of considerable trade, and exports large quantities of beef, pork, pot and pearl ashes, flour and lumber. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 150 tons. HALLOWELL, t. Prince Edward co. U. C. on Lake Ontario. HALLOWELL CROSS-ROADS, Kenne beck co. Me. near the village of Hallowell, and 53 m. NE. from Portland. HALL S RIVER, N. H a head-water of the Connecticut ; flows from the NW and its mouth is in lat. 45 N. HALL S CROSS-ROADS, Harford co. Md. 30 m. NE. from Baltimore. HALLSVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. Y. ; 73 m. NW. from Albany. HALLSVILLE, v. Duplin co. N. C. about 100 m. SE. from Raleigh. HAM, t. Buckingham co. L. Canada ; 50 m. SE. from Three Rivers. HAM-BLUFF, cape, at the W. extremity of Santa Cruz, in the West Indies. Lon. 63 34 W. ; lat. 17 51 N. HAMBURG, t. Erie co. N. Y. on Lake Erie, S. of Buffalo. Pop. 3,348. HAMBURG, t. Sussex co. N. J.; 18 m. from Goshen, N. Y. 20 from Newton. HAMBURG, t. Niagara co. N. Y. ; 436 m. from W. HAMBURG, v. Otsego co. N. Y. HAMBURG, t. Berks co. Pa. on the E. side of the Schuylkill ; 18 m. N. by W. from Read ing, 70 NNW. from Philadelphia. HAMBURG, t. Abbeville district, S. C. on Savannah river, opposite Augusta. The first buildings were commenced in June, 1821, and in 1822 there were erected 200 dwelling-houses and stores. Hamburg was erected for the purpose of diverting the trade of this part of the state, and also of the upper parts of Geor gia, from Savannah to Charleston. A rail-road is now in progress between this place and Charleston. HAMBURG ON THE LAKE, v. Niagara co. N. Y. HAMDEN, v. Delaware cc, N. Y.; 104 m. SW. from Albany. HAMDEN, t. New Haven co. Ct.; 8m. N. from New Haven. Pop. 1,669. Within the township, about 2 m. from N. Haven, there is a large gun manufactory. HAMILTON, cape on the N. end of the island of Newfoundland. HAMILTON, t Essex co. Mass.; 10 m. NW. from Salem. Pop. 743. HAMILTON, co. N. Y. ; bounded by Mont gomery S. Herkimer SW. and W. St. Law rence and Franklin N. and Essex, Warren, and Saratoga E. This county was formerly contained in the northern part of Montgomery. Pop. 1,324. HAMILTON, t. Gaspe co. L. Canada, on Chaleur Bay. HAMILTON, t. Northumberland co. U. C. extending from Lake Ontario to Rice Lake. HAMILTON, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. the Schuylkill, opposite Philadelphi HAMILTON, t. Martin co. N.C. HAMILTON, t. Warren co. Ohio. 1,665. Pop. HAMILTON, a port in the Bermuda isl ands, and seat of government HAMILTON, t. Madison co. N. Y. 25 m. SW. from Utica, 110 W. from Albany. Pop. 3,220. It contains 2 churches. The village is handsomely built on the main branch of Chenango river, HAMILTON, v. Guilderlandt, N. Y. HAMILTON, t. Gloucester co. N. J. HAMILTON, co. E. Ten. Pop. 2,274 Brainerd is the chief town. HAMILTON, co. the SW. part of Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop. 52,321. Chief town, Cin cinnati. HAMILTON, t. and cap. Butler co. Ohio, on Miami river, 25 m. N. from Cincinnati, 105 SW. from Columbus. Here is a printing, office. Pop. 1,097. HAMILTON, t Franklin co. Ohio, on the E. side of the Scioto, 7 m. from Columbus. HAMILTON, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on St. Lawrence river, 20 m. below Ogdens- irg. HJ! AMILTON, v. of Cataraugus co. N. Y. on the right bank of Alleghany river, at and below the mouth of Olean. The Alleghany river is there about 80 yards wide, and at sea sons of high- water, navigable for vessels of 8 or 10 tons burthen. Distant from Pittsburg by land 170 m. by water 260, from Buffalo 65, and from navigable water in Genesee river, near Angelica, 25 m. HAMILTON BAN, t. Adams co. Pa. HAMILTONVILLE, Huntingdon co. Pa. on the Juniata. HAMPDEN, t. Penobscot co. Me. on the W side of Penobscot river ; 10 m. SSW. from Bangor, 29 NW. from Castine. Pop. 2,020. HAMPDEN, co. Mass. Pop. 31,640. Chief town, Springfield. HAMPDEN, t. Geauga co. Ohio. HAMPSHIRE, co. Mass. Pop. 30,210. Chief town, Northampton. HAMPSHIRE, co. Va. Pop. 11,279. Chief town, Romney, HAMPSHIRE, co. in Quebec district, L. Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence. HAMPSTEAD, t. Queen s co. N. Bruns wick, on the W. side of St. John river. HAMPSTEAD, t Rockingham co. N. H.; 24 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 913. HAMPSTEAD, v. King George co. Va. HAMPSTEAD, t. Rockland oo. N. Y. 15 m. NW. from New York. It contains several churches, and the extensive iron-works, called Ramapoo Works. HAMPTON, t Rockingham co. N. H. on the sea-coast, 18 in. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,103, It contains two meeting-houses, and an academy. HAMPTON, t. Windham co. Ct ; 37 m. E. from Hartford. Pop. 1,101. HAMPTON, v. in Westmoreland, Oneida co. N. Y.; 11 m. W. from W 7 hitesborough. 284 HAM HAR HAMPTON, t. Washington co. N. Y. ; 70 m. NE. from Albany. Pop. 1,069. HAMPTON, t. Elizabeth-city co. Va. HAMPTON FALLS, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the sea-coast, 20 m. SW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 582. It contains 3 churches, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. HAMPTONVILLE, v. Surrey co. N. C. HANCOCK, co. Me. on both sides of Pc- nobscot Bay ; bounded N. by Penobscot co. E. by Washington co. S. by the Atlantic, and W. by Lincoln co. Pop. 24,347. Chief town, Castine. HANCOCK, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 13 m. E. from Keene, 28 SW. from Concord. Pop. 1,316. HANCOCK, t. Addison co. Vt. ; 29 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 472. HANCOCK, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 20 m. NNW. from Lenox. Pop. 1,053. HANCOCK, t. Delaware co. N. Y. ; 22 m. SW. from Delhi, 60 W. from Kingston. Pop. 766. HANCOCK, t. Salem co. N. J. HANCOCK, t. Washington co. Md. on the N. bank of the Potomac; 25 m. SE. from Bedford, Pa. 119 NW. from Baltimore. HANCOCK, co. western district of Geo- on the E. side of the Oconee. Pop. 11,822. Chief town, Sparta. HANCOCK, co. Ohio ; bounded W. by Put nam, N. by Wood, E. by Seneca and Craw ford, and S. by Hardin. Pop. 813. Chief town, Findlay. HANCOCK, co. Mis. ; bounded by Lake Borgne S. by Pearl river or Louisiana W. by Marion and Perry N. and by Jackson NE. Pop. 1,961. Chief town, Pearlington. HANCOCKSVILLE, v. Union district, S. C. 110 m. NNW. from Columbia. HANGING FORK, t. Lincoln co. Ken. be tween Danville and Stamford, 53 m. SSE. from Frankfort. HANGING ROCK, t. Hampshire co. Va. 99 m. WNW. from W. HANKINSONVILLE, v. Claiborne co. Mis. about 40 m. NE. from Natchez. HANNIBAL, t. Oswego co. N. Y. SW. from the mouth of Onondaga river. Pop. 1,794. HANNIBALSVILLE, v. in Hannibal town ship, Oswego co. N. Y. ; 182 m. NW. by W from Albany. HANOVER, t.Grafton co. N. H. on E. side of the Connecticut ; 53 m. NW. from Concord 102 WNW. from Portsmouth, 115 NW. froir Boston, 490 from W. Pop. 2,361. Dartmouth College, situated in the SW. part of this town ship, about half a mile E. of the river, on a beautiful plain, ranks as the third literary in stitution in New England. It was founded in 1770 by Dr. Eleazar Wheelock. The build ings consist of two handsome edifices, the Col lege Hall and Medical Hall. The former is 150 feet by 50,3 stories high, and contains 36 rooms. The latter is 75 feet long and 3 sto ries high, containing a laboratory, a room for the anatomical museum, 2 lecture rooms, anc J rooms for medical students, a chapel and a dining hall. The officers are a president and 8 professors. The whole number of graduates up to 1831 was 1,609 : the average number of under-graduates was about 150. The number of volumes in the College Library is 6,000, and he Students Library contains 8,000 volumes. There are 3 vacations in a year, in May, Au gust, and December. Commencement is on he last Wednesday but one in August. HANOVER, t. Plymouth co. Mass.; 15 m. NW. from Plymouth, 25 SE. from Boston. Pop. 1,300. HANOVER, v. in Paris, Oneida co. N. Y on Oriskany creek. HANOVER, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. NE. of lhatauque. Pop. 2,614. HANOVER, t. Morris co. N. J. on the Pas- saic, 16 m. NW. from Elizabethtown. Pop. 3,718. HANOVER, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 2,859. HANOVER, t. York co. Pa. on a branch of Conewago creek, which runs into the Susque- hannah, 18 m. SW. from York, 106 W. by S, rom Philadelphia. It contains two churches. Pop. 1,006. HANOVER, co. Va. between Chickahomi- ny and Pamunky rivers. Pop. 16,253, of whom 6,526 are whites, 449 free blacks, and 9,278 slaves. In this county is Washington- Henry Academy, at Hanover, 9 m. NE. from Richmond. HANOVER, t. Colurnbiana co. Ohio. Pop 2,039. HANOVER, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 5 m. N. from Cadiz. Pop. 44. HANOVER, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 709. HANOVER, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 323. HANOVER, t. Knox co. Ohio. HANOVER, t. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. W. from Rossville. Pop. 1,644. HANOVER BAY, or Chetamal Bay, on the E. coast of Yucatan. Lon. 89 15 W. ; lat. 18 45 N. HANOVER, ATP, country on the NW, coast of America, lying partly in New Cale donia and partly in Oregon Territory, between lat. 45 30 and 53 15 N. HANOVERTOWN, t. Hanover co. Va. on the Pamunky, 6 m. above New Castle, 22 NE. from Richmond. HANSON, t. Plymouth co.Mass. Pop. 1,030. HANTS, co. Nova-Scotia, which contains the townships of Windsor, Falmouth, and Newport. HARBOR, Cape, the N. extremity of Wells Bay, on the coast of Maine. Lon. 70 24 W.; lat. 433 18 N. HARBOR DE LUTE, harbor in Campo Bello Island, New Brunswick, opening into Passamaquoddy Bay. HARBOR ISLAND, one of the smaller Bahama Islands, N. of Eleuthera. Lon. 76 44 W. ; lat. 25 56 N. H ARDENBURG, v. Breckenbridge co. Ken. HAR DEN S COVE, v. Randolph co. Va. on the E. branch of Monongahela river, 65 m. above Morgantown. HARDEN S CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the Ohio Lon, 86 56 W. ; lat 37 40 N. HAR HAR 285 HARDENSVILLE, v. on Racing River Shelby co. Ken. 9 m. SW. from Frankfort. HARDIMAN, co. in the SW. part of Ten. Pop. 11,628. Bolivar is the capital. HARDIN, co. Ken. on the Ohio, 662 m from W. Pop. 13,148. Chief town, Eliza- bethtown. HARDIN, v. Shelby co. Ohio, on Loramie creek, 5 m. SE. from Fort Loramie, and 93 NW. by W. from Columbus. HARDIN, co. in the SW. part of Ten. Pop. 4,867. Savannah is the capital. HARDIN, co. Ohio. Pop. 500. Hardy is the chief town. HARDIN, t. Preble co. Ohio. HARDING S FERRY, on White river, Ar kansas, 400 m. from its mouth. HARDINSBURG, v. Dearborn co. In. 101 m. SE. from Indianapolis. HARDINSVILLE, v. on the right bank of Tennessee river, Hardin co. Ten. 140 m. SW by W. from Murfreesborough, and 50 NW from Florence in Alabama. HARDWARE RIVER, r. Va. which runs into James river. HARD WICK, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 14 m. NE. from Danville, 24 NNE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,216. HARDWICK, t. Worcester co. Mass. 22 m. WNW. from Worcester, 70 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,885. HARDWICK, s-p. Bryan co. Geo. near the mouth of the Ogeechee river, 25 m. S W. from Savannah. HARDWICK, t. Warren co. N. J. on the Delaware river, 60 m. above Easton in Penn sylvania. Pop. 1,962. HARDWICK, island, in Johnson s Strait, on the Pacific coast of N. America. Lon. from W. 48 45 W. ; lat. 50 26 N. HARDY, co. N. part of Va. bounded NE. by Hampshire co. E. by Shenandoah co. SW. by Pendleton and Randolph cos. and NW. by Maryland. Pop. 6,798. Chief town, Moore- field. HARDY, t. Coshtcton co. Ohio. HARE, large bay, on the E. side of the N. peninsula of Newfoundland. Lon. from W. 1920 E.; lat. 51 20 N. HARE ISLAND, isl. L. C. in the river St. Lawrence, 16 m. above the confluence of Sa- guenaw river, and 103 below Quebec. HARFORD, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. 235 m. from W. HARFORD, co. Md. bounded N. by Penn sylvania, E. by the Susquehannah, SE. by Chesapeake Bay, and W. by Baltimore co. Pop. 16,315. Chief town, Belle- Air. HARFORD, t. Harford co. Md. on Bush River, 25 m. NE. from Baltimore, 77 SW. from Philadelphia. Lon. 76 17 W. ; lat. 39 28 N. HARLAN, co. Ken. Pop. 2,928. HARLEESVILLE, v. Marion co. S. C. HARLEM, v. New York co. N. Y. 8 m. N. from New York. HARLEM, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on Big Walnut creek. Pop. 535. HARLEM CREEK, or East River, N. Y. forms the E. boundary of New York island and county. HARLINGTON, t. Bergen co. N. J. HARLINGTON, v. Washington co. Me Pop. 1,118. HARLINSBURG, v. Mercer co. Pa. HARMAN S CREEK, Va. runs into the Ohio, 1 m. above Steubenville. HARMONY, t. Somerset co. Me. 25 m. E. from Norridgewick. Pop. 925. HARMONY, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. Pop. 1,988. HARMONY, t. Butler co Pa. on Conaque- nesing creek, 25 m. NW. from Pittsburg. HARMONY, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. HARMONY, t. Clarke co. Ohio. HARMONY, t. Posey co. In. on the Wa- bash, settled by a religious sect from Germany, called Harmonists. Pop. 690. HARMONY, v. Sussex co. N. J. HARMONY, v. York co. S. C. HARMONY, Arkansas Ter. a missionary station among the Osage Indians, formed in 1821 by the United Foreign Mission Society. It is situated on the Marias de Cein, a good mill-stream, 6 m. above its junction with Osage river. The tract of land given by the Indians for the use of the mission contains about 15,000 acres, is very fertile, and well supplied with timber and stone for building. Good coal is found within a few rods of the settlement. HARMONY, v. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Sus quehannah, 1 8 m. NW. from Stockport. HARPER S FERRY, v. Jefferson co. Va on the Potomac, at the mouth of the Shenan doah, 21 m. WSW. from Fredericktown, 24 m. ENE. from Winchester, and 65 NW. from W. The passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge at this place is accounted a curiosity. There is here an extensive establishment be longing to the United States, for the manufac ture of arms. The number of men employed is about 260, and the annual expense has been, on an average, about 100,000. HARPERSFIELD, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 20 m. NE. from Delhi, 55 SW. from Albany, 51 from Catskill. Pop. 1,936. HARPERSFIELD, South, v. Delaware co. N. Y. HARPERSFIELD, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand river, 10m. W. from Jefferson. HARPERSVILLE, v. Broome co. N. Y. HARPETH, v. Williamson co. Ten. HARPETH, r. Tennessee, which after a NNW. course of about 40 m. falls into the Cumberland, 19 m. NW. from Nashville. It is navigable for boats to Franklin. HARPSWELL, t. Cumberland co. Me 40 m. E. from Portland. Pop. 1,353. HARRIET POINT, cape, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 60 24 N. HARRINGTON, t. Washington co. Me. on Narraguagus Bay, 25 m. W. from Machias Pop. 1,118. HARRINGTON, t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 2,581. HARRISBOROUGH, t. Richmond co. Geo. on Savannah river, a little above Augusta. 286 HARr-HAR STATE-HOUSE, AT HARRISBURG. HARRISBURG, t. Dauphin co. Pa. and capital of the state, is regularly laid out on the E. bank of the Susquehanna river, over which a bridge is here erected, a mile in length. It is 97 m. WNW. from Philadelphia, 35 NW. from Lancaster, 184 E. from Pittsburg, and 110 from W. Lat. 40 16 N. It contains 7 or 8 public buildings, and 7 houses of public wor ship. The state-house is a spacious and ele gant building, and makes an imposing show. Pop. in 1820, 3,000 ; in 1830, 4,307. HARRISBURG, t. Lewis co. N. Y. 20 m. from Brownville, 65 N. from Rome. Pop. 712. HARRISBURG, or Cairo, v. Lancaster co. S. Carolina. HARRISBURG, t. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 7 m- S. from Gallipolis. HARRISBURG, v. Ocatahoola parish, La. 40 m. a little N. of W. from Natchez. HARRISON, t. Cumberland co. Me. 41 m. NW. from Portland. HARRISON, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. HARRISON, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 30 m. NE. from New York. Pop. 1,085. HARRISON, co. Va. inclosed by the coun ties of Ohio, Monongalia, Randolph, Kenhawa, and Wood. Pop. 14,677. Chief town, Clarks burg. HA [ARRISON, co. in the NE. part of Ken. Pop. 13,180. Chief town, Cinthiana. HARRISON, co. Ohio, between Jefferson and Tuscarawas counties. Sq. ms. 450. Pop. 20,920. Chief town, Cadiz. HARRISON, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 525. HARRISON, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 10 m. NE. from Columbus. HARRISON, t. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 781. HARRISON, t. Hamilton co.Ohio. Pop. 173. HARRISON, t. on the E side of Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 545. HARRISON, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, E. from Scioto river. Pop. 823. HARRISON, t. Licking co. Ohio, on the S. fork of Licking river. Pop. 477. HARRISON, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,318. HARRISON, v. Ohio and In. standing on the line between the two states, one part being in Hamilton co. Ohio, and the othe"- in Dear born co. Indiana. HARRISON, v. Knox co. Ohio, 15 m. SE from Mount Vernon, HARRISON, co. In. bounded by Ohio river SE. S. and W. Big Blue river SW. Washing ton N. and Floyd NE. and E. Soil fertile. Chief town, Cory don. Pop. 10,288. HARRISON, v. and t. Harrison co. In. HARRISON, t. Franklin co. In. 25m.NW. from Cincinnati. HARRISON, v. Calloway co. Miso. 100 m. W. from St. Louis. HARRISONBURG, v. and seat of justice, Rockingham co. Va. 25 m. NNE. from Staun- ton, and 40 NNW. from Charlottesville. HARRISONVILLE, v. Monroe co. Illinois, on the left bank of the Mississippi, 30 m. below St. Louis. HARRISVILLE, v. Butler co. Pa. HARRISVILLE, v. Brunswick co. Va. 57 m. a little W. of S. from Richmond. HARRISVILLE, v. Medina co. Ohio, on the S. side of the co. Pop. 500. HARRISVILLE, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 9 m. NE. from Cadiz. Pop. 314. HARRISVILLE RESERVE, v. Medina co. Ohio, 90 m. N. from Columbus. HARRODSBURG, t. Mercer co. Ken. on Salt river, 10 m. N. by W. from Danville. Here is a mineral spring, from which Epsom salts are obtained. Pop. 1,051. HARROD S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, 10 m. above Louisville. HART, co. Ken. Pop. 5,292. Chief town, Munfordsville. HARTFORD, t. Oxford co. Me. 12 m.NE. from Paris. Pop. 1,297. HARTFORD, t. Windsor co. Vt. on Con- necticut river, 14 m. above Windsor. Pop. 2,044. HARTFORD, co. Ct. on both sides Con- necticut river. Pop. 51,141. Hartford is the capital. HARTFORD, city, Hartford co. Ct. and one of the capitals of the state, is regularly laid out on the W. bank of Connecticut river, 50 m. from its mouth, 14 N. from Middletown, 34 NNE. from New Haven, 42 NW. from New London, 74 W. from Providence, 94 SE. from Albany, 100 WSW. from Boston, 123 NE. from Now York, and 335 from W. Pop. in 1820, HAR HAV 287 6,901 ; in 1830, 9,789, including the city and township. It contains 9 public buildings, among which the state-house makes the most conspi cuous figure, and 9 churches. One of the Con gregational churches is a spacious and elegant building. The asylum of the deaf and dumb, a mile west of the city, on Tower Hill, is a building creating striking interest. It was es tablished in 1817, and is the first institution of the kind in America. The congress of the United States has made a generous grant to the asylum of more than 23,000 acres of land ; and the legislatures of some of the states have made appropriations for the support of pupils. The success of the institution has hitherto been highly gratifying, and the improvement of the pupils lias equalled the most sanguine expecta tions of their friends. The retreat for the in sane, a little south of the town, is a spacious stone building, 150 by 50 feet, with extensive grounds for the unfortunate patients. Wash ington Episcopal College has two spacious stone buildings. It was founded in 1826 ; it has 9 professors, and the number of students ranges from 70 to 100. It has a library con taining 6,200 volumes. Commencement is on the first Wednesday of August. There are three vacations in a year ; the first, from com mencement, 6 weeks ; the second, 2 weeks from Thursday before Christmas ; the third, 3 weeks from Thursday before 20th of April. Hartford has a respectable amount of com merce, and numerous manufactories. Printing and publishing are carried on to a considerable extent. It has daily communication with New York by steam-boats and stages, and being at the head of sloop navigation, carries on a brisk trade with the surrounding country and places up the river. HARTFORD, t. Washington co. N. Y. 8 m. NE. from Sandy-hill, 54 N. from Albany. Pop. 2,420. HARTFORD, t. and cap. Pulaski co. Geo. on the Oakmulgee, 50 m. from Milledgeville, and 709 from W. HARTFORD, t. and cap. Ohio co. Ken. Here is a bank. Pop. 242. HARTFORD, t. Licking co. Ohio. HARTFORD, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 8 m. W. of Warren. Pop. 859. HARTFORD, t. Dearborn co. Indiana. HARTLAND, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 718. HARTLAND, t. Windsor co. Vt. on Con- necticut river, 7 m. above Windsor. Pop. 2,503. HARTLAND, t. Hartford co. Ct 22 m. NW. from Hartford. Pop. 1,221. HARTLAND, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario. Pop. 1,584. HARTLESS, t. Bedford co. Pa. HARTLETON, t. Union co. Pa. HARTLEYSTOWN, t. Union co. Pa. HART S STORE, v. Albemarle co. V. HARTSVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa. HARTSVILLE, v. Sumner co. Ten. HARTVILLE, or Hollow, v. Dutchess co. N.Y. HART WICK, t. Otsego co. N. Y. on the Susquehannah, 5 m. SW. from Coopcrstown 71 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,772. In 1816, a literary and theological seminary was estab lished here. HARVARD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 20 m. NE. from Worcester. Pop. 1,601. HARVEY, v. Greene co. Pa. HARVELL S, v. Dinwiddie co. Va. about 35 m. S. from Richmond. HARWICH, t. Kent co. U. C. between Lake Erie and the river Thames. HARWICH, t Barnstable co. Mas*, on Barnstable Bay, 9 m..from Chatham. Pop. 2,467. HARWINTON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 23 m. W. from Hartford. Pop. 1,516. HASTE RIVER MILLS, Culpeper co. Va. HASTINGS, co. U. C. opposite the Bay of Quinte. HATBOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. Pa 17 m. N. from Philadelphia. HATCHERSVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va. 11 m. southwardly from Richmond. HATCHES, v. Onslow co. N. C. 100 m. NE. from Raleigh. HATCHES, t. Montgomery co. Pa. HATCHY, Big, r. Ten. and Mis. rises in the latter, and flowing NW. enters Mississippi river. HATFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 5 m. above Northampton. Pop. 893. HATFIELD, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 24 m. NNW. from Philadelphia. Pop. 835. HATLEY, t. of Richelieu and Buckingham cos. L. C. on Lakes Memphremagog, Scaswa- ninepus, and Tomefobi. HATTERAS, cape, N. C. It is the salient point of a very long reef of sand, extending from Ocracock to New Inlet. The cape, prop- erly so called, is in lat. 35 15 N. HAUTE, or Holt, isl. the southernmost of the large islands in Penobscot Bay, Me. HAVANA, city and s-p. on the NW. part of Cuba, 2 miles in circumference, and the capital of the island. The houses are elegant, built of stone, and the churches are rich and magnificent. The harbor is capable of con taining upwards of 1000 vessels, and the en trance so narrow that only one ship can enter at a time ; it is defended by two strong forts, called the Moro and the Puntal ; there are also many other forts and platforms, well furnished with artillery. Here all the ships that come from the Spanish settlements rendezvous on their return to Spain. It is seated on the W side of the harbor, and watered by two branch. es of the river Lagid*. Pop. about 70,000. Lon. from W. 5 ^ W. ; lat. 23 12 N. HAVANA, province of the island of Cuba, comprising the sub-provinces of Matanzas, Trinidad, Santa Espirita, Remedios, and Villa Clara. Havana, principal city. HAVANA, v. Greene co. Al. 53 m. SW. from Tuscaloosa. HAVANA, t. Lauderdale co. Alabama, on N. bank of the Tennessee, 9 m. from Florence. HAVERHILL, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Connecticut, opposite Newbury, with which it 288 HAV HEL is connected by a bridge ; 27 m. N. from Dart mouth College, 31 m. NNW. from Plymouth, 119 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,153. In the SW. part of the town there is a hand some village containing a court-house, a jail, un academy, a Congregational meeting-house, and is a place of considerable business. The courts for the county are held alternately here, and at Plymouth. Distance from W. 509 m. HAVERHILL, t. Essex co. Mass, at the head of navigation on the N. side of the Mer- rimack, 18 miles from its mouth, opposite Brad ford; 15 m. WSW. from Newburyport, 18 m. SSW. from Exeter, 19 m. NNW. from Salem, 30 m. N. from Boston. Pop. 3,912. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and contains a bank, cotton and woollen manufactories, 2 printing-offices, a library containing about 800 volumes, and several houses of public worship. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons. Here is an elegant bridge across the Merrimack. It has considerable manu factures of leather, hats, plated ware, &c. and trades largely in shoes, and it has an extensive trade with the back country. HAVERSTRAW, t. Rockland co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson ; 40 m. N. from New- York. Pop. 2,306. Here are extensive iron works, and an academy. HAVRE DE GRACE, t. Harford co. Md. on W. side of the Susquehannah, at its conflu ence with the Chesapeake ; 36 m. NE. from Bal timore, 64 m. WSW. from Philadelphia. It contains a bank, and is a place of some trade. Lat. 39 33 N. HAW, r. N. C. which rises near the N. bor der of the state, and joins Deep river to form the NW. branch of Cape Fear river. It may be easily made navigable for 50 miles. HAW RIVER, v. Orange co. N. C. 323 m. from W. HAWK S BAY, bay on the coast of Ala bama, westward of the mouth of Mobile bay, between Pelican and Dauphin islands. HAWKE, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 19 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 528. HAWKESBURY, t. Prescott co. U. C. on the Ottawa. HAWKESBURY ISLAND, isL on the NW. coast of America Lat. 53 36 N. HAWKINS, co. East Tennessee. Pop. 10,949. Chief town, Rogersville. HAWKINSBURG, t. Shenandoah co. Va. HAWKSBILL MILLS, v. Shenandoah co. Va. HAWLEY, t Franklin co. Mass. ; 14 m. WSW. from Greenfield, 120 m. WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,037. HAY CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Schuylkill. HAY SPRING, v. Campbell co. Ken. HAYCOCK, t. Bucks co. Pa. HAYCOCK, isl.Pa. in the Delaware; 7 m. below Easton. HAYMARKET, v. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the E. bank of the Muskingum, 9 m. above Zanesville. HAYMARKET, v. Prince William co. Va.; 38 m. WSW. from Washington. HAYWOOD, co. in the W. part of N. C. Pop. 4,593. HAYWOOD, western co. of N. C. bounded by Geo. S. Ten. NW. and Buncombe E. The great body of the co. is an elevated mountain valley. Pop. 4,593. HAYWOOD, C. H. Hay wood co. N. C. 293 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh, and 549 m. from W. HAYWOOD, co. Ten. in the western part of the state. Pop. 5,356. Brownville is the capital. HAYWOOD, C. H. v. Haywood co. Ten. HAYWOODSBOROUGH, t. Chatham co. N. C. at the confluence of the Haw and Deep rivers, about 38 m. N. by W. from Fayetteville. It is situated near the centre of the state. HAY S MILLS, v. Shenandoah co. Va. about 80 m. W. from W. HAYSVILLE, v. Franklin co. N. C. ; 46 m. NE. from Raleigh. HAZLE GREEN, v. Madison co. Missouri. HAZLE PATCH, or Rice s, v. Knox co. Ken. HAZLETON S FERRY, v. Knox co. In, HAZARD, or Richmond Bay, in Hudson s bay. Lon. 75 50 W. ; lat. 56 35 N. HEAD OF CHESTER, v. Kent co. Md. HEAD OF COW NECK, v. Queen s co. N. Y. HEAD OF SASSAFRAS, v. Kent co. Md. HEAD OF SEVERN, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md. 15 in. S. from Baltimore. HEALTH, SEAT OF, Granville v. N. C.; 58 m. NE. from Raleigh. HEALTHY COVE, bay of the island of Jamaica, on S. coast. Lon. 77 W. ; lat 17 44 N. HEART LAKE, lake, N.H.; 20m.E.from Stuart. It is 6 m. long and 3 broad. HEATH, t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 12 m. NW. from Greenfield, 125 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,199. HEATH POINT, SE. extremity of the island of Anticosti, in the Gulf of St. Law rence. HEBE, t. Genesee co. N. Y. HEBRON, t. Oxford co. Maine; 9 m. S. from Paris, 150 m. NNE. from Boston. Pop. 915. It contains an academy and a woollen manufactory. HEBRON, t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 8 m. SW. from Plymouth. Pop. 583. HEBRON, t. Tolland co. Ct.; 20; m . SE. from Hartford. Pop. 1,939. It contains several churches. HEBRON, t. Washington co. N. Y.; 8 m. N. from Salem. Pop. ,2685. HECTOR, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. ; 10 m. S. from Ovid. Pop. 5,212. HECTOR CAPE, cape on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 51 57 20" N. HELENA, t. and cap. Phillips co. Arkansas, on the Mississippi, 12 m. below the St. Francis. HELLERSTOWN, v. Northampton co. Pa. 4 m. SE. from Bethlehem. HELLGATE, strait, in East river, N.Y. ; 8 m. fiom New- York, between the islands of Manhattan and Parsell, on the NW. and Long Island on the SE. Here are numerous whirl. HEM HEY 280 pools; the roaring of which, at certain times of the tide, is tremendous. Vessels of any bur den, however, may be conducted through the strait by a skilful pilot. HEMLOCK* lake, in Livonia, N. Y, 6 m long and 4 broad, communicates with Honeoy creek. HEMMINGFORD, t. Huntingdon co, L, C on the Province line, 34 m. S. from Montreal. HEMPFIELD, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 3 m, W. from Lancaster. HEMPSTEAD, t. Queen s co. Long Island. N. Y. 22 m. E. from New York. Pop. 6,215, HEMPSTEAD, co. Arkansas Ter. on Red river. Pop. 1,423. Chief town, Arkansas. HEMPSTEAD FORT, Mis. on the N. side of the Missouri, 2 m. above Franklin. HEMPSTEAD PLAIN, on Long Island, N. Y. in Queens co. 15 m. long and 4 broad. HEN AND CHICKENS, group of small islands in the W. part of Lake Erie, and N. from the Bass Islands. HENDERSON, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario. Pop. 2,428. HENDERSON, co. Ken. bounded by Ohio river N. Davies co. E. Hopkins S. and Union W. Pop. 6,649. Chief town, Henderson. HENDERSON, v. and seat of justice, Hen- derson co. Ken. on the left bank of Ohio river. Pop. 483. HENDERSON, t. York co. S. C. HENDERSON, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,073. HENDERSON v. Montgomery co. N. C. HENDERSON, co. Tenn. bounded by Har- din S. Madison W. Carroll N. and Perry E. Pop. 8,741. Chief town, Lexington. HENDERSON S STORE, v. Botetourt co Va. 206 m. W. from Richmond. HENDERSONTON, t. and cap. Montgom- ery co. N. C. HENDERSONVILLE, Nottaway co. Va on Little Nottaway river. HENDERSONVILLE, or Henderson s Fer ry, v. Newbury district, S. C. 30 m. above Co lumbia. HENDERSONVILLE, v. in Sumner co. Ten. 20 m. from Nashville. HENDRICK S STORE, Bedford co. Va. 177 m. W. from Richmond. HENDRICKSVILLE, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. HENLEY-HOUSE, station of the Hudson Bay company, on Albany river. HENLOPEN, Cape, Del. the SW. point at the entrance of Delaware Bay, 28 m. from Cape May. Lon. 75 6 W. ; lat. 38 47 N. Here is a light-house. HENNIKER, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 13 m. W. from Concord. Pop. 1,725. HENRICO, co. Va. Pop. 28,798. Chief town, Richmond. HENRIETTA, t. Monroe co. N. Y. on Gen- esee river. Pop. 2,302. HENRY, co. Va, Pop. 7,100. Chief town, Martinsville. HENRY, Cape, Va. the S. point at the en trance of Chesapeake Bay, 12 m. S. from Cape Charles. Lon. 76 W. ; lat. 36^ 58 N. 2M HENRY, co. Geo. bounded by Gwinnet N W, Newton NE. Jasper and Jones E. Fayette S, and Flint river W. Pop. 10,567. Chief town, M Donough. HENRY, v. Henry co. Geo. 67 m, NW. by W. from Milledgeville. HENRY, co. Ken, bounded by Jefferson SW. Ohio river W. Gallatin N. and NE. Ken tucky river, or Owen co. E. and Shelby S, Pop. 11,395. Chief town, Newcastle. HENRY, co. Ohio, in New Purchase, bound ed N. by the territory of Michigan, E. by Wood, S. by Putnam, and W. by Williams. Pop. 260. Chief town, Damascus. HENRY, SE. co. of Al. bounded by Cha- tahooche river E, Florida S. Covington W. and Pike N. Pop. in 1820, 2,638 ; in 1830, 3,955. Columbia is the chief town. HENRY, v. Henry co. Al. HENRY, Cross Roads, v. Sevier co. Ten, 200 m. E. from Murfreesborough. HENRY POINT, the E. point of Haldiman Cove, U. C. HENSHAW, t. in the NW. part of Trum- bull co. Ohio. HERCULANEUM, t. Miso. near the Mis sissippi, 21 m. above St. Genevieve, 30 S. from St. Louis. Here is a shot manufactory. This town is the store-house of the lead-mines, which are 45 m. W. from this place. It is 950 m, from W. HEREFORD, t. Buckingham co. L, C. on the head waters of Connecticut river. HEREFORD, v. Baltimore co, Md< HERKIMER, co. central part of N. Y. bounded N. by St. Lawrence co. E. by Hamil ton, S. by Otsego, and W. by Oneida and Lewis. Pop. in 1820, 31,017 ; in 1830, 55,869. Chief town, Herkimer. HERKIMER, t. and cap. Herkimer co. N.Y. on the N. side of the Mohawk, 20 m. E. from Utica, 78 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,486. The principal village is situated at a little distance from the entrance of West Canada Creek into the Mohawk. Little Flats, another consider able village, Js 7 m. W. At this village there is a canal with 8 locks. Distance from W. 392 in. HERMAN S STATION, v. Ken. on a branch of Sandy r. 18 m. S. from Balclutha. HERMITAGE, v. Prince Edward co. Va. 228 m. from W. HERMON, t. Penobscot co. Me. 7 m. W. from Bangor. Pop. 535. HERNDORSVILLE, t. Scott co. Ken. 33 m. NE. from Frankfort. HERON CREEK, creek, Mass. W. of Cape Malabar. HERRING BAY, bay, Md. on W. side of the Chesapeake, 15 m. S. from Annapolis. HERTFORD, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. 8,541. Chief town, Winton. HERTFORD, t. and cap, Perquimana co. V. C. on Perquimans river, 15 m. NNE. from Edenton, 267 from W. HERTFORD, co. L. C. on the right side of ;he St. Lawrence, opposite the island of Or- eans. HEY, Point, the NW. point of Comptroller * 290 HtAHIL Bay, on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 215 45 E.; lat. 6(P 11 N, HIAQUI, river of Mexico, in Sonora v Si- naloa, falls into the Gulf of California, after a course of 400 m. Mouth at lat. 27 30 N. HIATSTOWN, v. Middlesex co. N. J. on the head of Mill-stone river, 13 m. NE. from Trenton. HIBERNIA, v. Calloway co. Miso. about 100 m. by land W. from St. Louis. IIICKES KEYS, inlets, in the bay of Hon duras. Lon. 88 54 W. ; lat. 17 10 N. HICKMAN, SW. co. of Ken. on Mississippi river, bounded N. by Graves, E. by Calloway and M Craken, and S. by the state of Tennes see. Pop. 5,193. Clinton and Columbus are the chief towns. HICKMAN, co. East Tennessee, on Duck river. Pop. 8,132. Chief town, Vernon. HICKMAN S CREEK, r. Smith co. Ten. which falls into Caney Fork, 6 m. above its mouth. HICKMAN S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the river Kentucky. HICKORY, t. Venango co. Pa. on the Alle- ghany, 20 m. NE. from Franklin. HICKORY, or Mount Pleasant, v. Wash ington co. Pa. llm. NNW. from Washington, the seat of justice for the county. HICKORY CREEK, t. on a small stream of that name, flowing into Caney Fork, branch of Cumberland river, Warren co. Ten. 35 m. SE. by E. from Murfreesborough. HICKORY FLATS, t. Madison co. Mis. HICKORY GROVE, Abbeville district, S.C. HICKORY GROVE, v. Henry co. Geo. about 70 m. NW. by W. from Milledgeville. HICKORY GROVE, v. Montgomery co. Miso. 53 m. W. from St. Louis. HICKORY HILL, Beaufort district, S. C. HICKSFORD, v. Greenville co. Va. on the S. side of Meherin river, 69 m. S. from Rich mond. HIGGIN S POINT, NW. coast of America. Lon. 228 25 E. ; lat. 55 27 N. HIGGINSPORT, v. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 4 m. below Ripley. Pop. 129. HIGHGATE, t. Franklin co. Vt. in NW. corner of the state, on Lake Champlain; 40 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 1,129. This town has iron works, and considerable trade in lumber. HIGHLAND, co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 16,347. Chief town, Hillsborough. HIGHLAND, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 15 m. NE. from Zanesville. Pop. 820. HIGHLANDS, a mountainous tract in N.Y. through which the Hudson flows. The loftiest summits are Thunderhill, St. Anthony s Nose, Sugar-loaf, Butter-hill, and Breakneck-hill. The passage of the Hudson through the Highlands is remarkably grand, being 18 miles. HIGHLAND CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, Ion. 82 22 W. ; lat. 37 32 N. HIGH PEAK, peak of the Catskill moun tains, N. Y. Height 3,487 feet. HIGH ROCK, v. Rockinjrham co. N. C. HIGH SHOALS, v. Clark Co. Geo. HIGHTSTOWN, v. Middlesex co N. 3, an a branch of Mill river, by postroad 19 m. NE. from Trenton, and 25 a little W. of S. from New Brunswick. HIGUEY, t. St. Domingo, 80 m. E. from St. Domingo. Pop. 3,500. HILL S BAY, bay, in Chesapeake Bay. Lon. 76 20 W. ; lat. 37 32 N. HILL CREEK, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac. Lon. 78 23 W. ; lat, 39 40 N. HILLHAM, t. Overton co. Ten. 699 m. from W. HILLIAR, t. Knox co. Ohio. HILLIARDSTOWN, v. Nash co. N. C. by postroad 70 m. NE. from Raleigh. HILLSBOROUGH, co. south part of N. H. bounded N. by Grafton co. E. by Strafford and Rockingham cos. S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Cheshire co. Pop. 37,762. Chief town, Am- herst. HILLSBOROUGH, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 13 m. WSW. from Hopkinton, 20 W. from Concord. Pop. 1,792. HILLSBOROUGH, t. Westmoreland co, New Brunswick. HILLSBOROUGH, t. Madison co. Ala. HILLSBOROUGH, t. Orange co. Indiana, HILLSBOROUGH, t. Somerset co. N. J. 18 m. N. from Trenton. Pop. 2,878. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Caroline co. Md. 27 m. SSW. from Chester, 79 from W. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Loudon co. Va. 3 m, NNW. from Leesburg, 51 from W. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Culpeper co, Va- 104 m. from W. HILLSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Highland co. Ohio, 36 m. W. by S. from Chillicothe, 55 SW. from Columbus, and 441 from W. Pop. 564. HILLSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Orange co. N. C. on the Eno ; 30 m. NW. from Raleigh, 110 ENE. from Salisbury, 180 WNW. from Newbern. It is situated in an elevated, fertile, and healthy country, and contains a court- house, a jail, and an academy. Distance from W. 296 miles. HILLSBOROUGH, r. Florida, which runs into the Gulf of Florida. Lon. 81 30 W. ; lat. 28 36 N. HILLSBOROUGH, or Espiritu Santo Tarn- pa, bay, on the W. coast of Florida. It is the most spacious bay on that coast; 60 m. from Lake George. Lon. 83 W.; lat. 27 36 N. HILLSBOROUGH BAY, bay, on the N. coast of Dominica. Lon. 61 22 W. ; lat. 15 42 N. HILLSBOROUGH BAY, bay, on the S. coast of the island of St John. Lon. 62 40 W. ; lat. 46 10 N. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Jasper co. Geo. 59 m. NW. from Milledgeville. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Pa. on the U. S. turnpike road, almost exactly mid- distance between Washington and Brownsville, 11 m. from each. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Franklin co. Ten, 60 m. SSE. from Murfreesborough. HIL HOI, 291 HILLSBOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. II. 25 m. NW. from Unadilla. HILLSBRIDGE, v. Halifax co. N. C. 116 m. NE. from Raleigh. HILLSDALE, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 18 m. SE. of the city of Hudson. Pop. 2,546. HILL S STORE, v. Randolph co. N. C. about 60 m. W. from Raleigh. HILLTON, v. Charles co. Md. HILL.TOP, v. Charles co. Md. 44 m. from W. HILLTON HEAD, island on the coast of S. C. near the mouth of Savannah river. Lon. 80 20 W. ; lat 32 10 N. HILTON HEAD, cape on E. coast of Trench s Island, at going into Portland en trance. Lon. 80 46 W. ; lat. 32 16 N. HILTON S POINT, on Piscataqua river, the SE. point of the town of Dover, 7 m. from the sea, HILLTOWN, t Bucks co. Pa. HINCHINBROOK, island of America, in Prince William s Sound, on which the Rus sians have a factory. HINCHA, v. St. Domingo, at the mouth of Guayamuco, 64 m. NW. from St. Domingo, in N. lat. 19 3 . HINCHINBROKE, Cape, on the NW. coast of America, at the entrance of Prince William s Sound. Lon. 213 56 E. ; lat. 60 16 N. HINCHINBROOK, t. Huntingdon co. L. C. on the Province line, 40 m. SW. from Mont real. HINCHINBROOK, t, Frontenac co. U. C. HINCHINBROOK ISLAND, isl. on the NW. coast of America, in Prince William s Sound, about 50 m. in circumference. Lon. 213 50 to 214 24 E. ; lat. 60 24 N. HINESBURG, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 12 m. SE. from Burlington. Pop. 1,669. HINESVILLE, v. Patrick co. Va. 280 m. SW. by W. from Richmond. HINGHAM, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 14 m. SE. from Boston, 455 from W. Pop. 3,357. It lies on S. side of Boston harbor, is a very pleasant town, and contains several churches, a woollen manufactory, and a well-endowed academy. HINKLEY, v. Medina co. Ohio, about 100 m. N. from Columbus. HINKSON S, t. Boone co. Miso. 102 m. W. from St. Charles. HINKLETOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 128 m. from W. HINSDALE, v. Cataraugus co. N. Y. on Olean creek, 10 m. N. from Hamilton, on Al- leghany river. Pop. 919. HINSDALE, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on the Connecticut ; 15 m. SW. from Keene. Pop. 937. HINSDALE, t Berkshire co. Mass. 15 m. NNW. from Lenox, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 780. HIRAM, t Oxford co. Me. 34 m. SW. from Paris, 160 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,026. HIRAM, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 517. HIWASSEE, r. in the country of the Cher- okees. It rises in Georgia, flows into Ten nessee, and joins the Tennessee river about 12 m. SW. from Washington, near Hiwassee garrison. HOBART POINT, the NW. point at the ntrance into Port Houghton, on the NW. coast of America, Lat. 57 17 N. HOBOKEN, v. Bergen co. N. J. on the Hud- son, 7 m. above New York. HOCCANUM, r. Ct. which runs into the Connecticut at East Hartford, and affords many mill-seats. HOCKHOCKING, r. Ohio, which rises in Fairfield co. and runs into the Ohio at Troy, 25 m. below Marietta, 150 above the mouth of the Scioto, and is navigable for boats to Athens, 40 m. from its mouth. It has a deep and still, but narrow channel. Near its source, 7 m. N. of Lancaster, is a romantic cascade of 40 feet perpendicular. It has a number of mills erect ed on it. Its chief tributaries are Rush, Sun day, Monday, Margaret s, and Federal creeks. HOCKHOCKING, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 3,079. HOCKING, co. Ohio. Chief town, Logan. Pop. 4,008. HOGANSBURG, v. Franklin co. N. Y.; 267 m. NNW. from Albany. HOGAN S CORNER, t. Ulster co. N. Y., 77 m. from Albany. HOGESTOWN, v. Cumberland co. Pa. HOG ISLAND, isl. in Narraganset Bay, R. I. 2 m. in circuit ; 2 m. SW. from Bristol. HOG ISLAND, small isl. in Pamlico Sound, near the coast of N. C. Lon. 76 36 W. ; lat. 34 56 N. HOG ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Va. Lat. 37 30 N. HOG ISLAND, below Peach Island, is sit uated in the Strait of Detroit, where it opens into Lake St. Clair. HOG ISLAND, island of Lake Champlain, forming part of Franklin co. HOKESVILLE, t Lincoln co. N. C. HOLDEN, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 6 m. NNW. from Worcester, 46 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,718. HOLDERNESS, t. Grafton co. N. H. on E. side of the Merrimack ; 5 m. E. from Ply mouth. Pop. 1,409. HOLE CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side of the Miami, in Montgomery co. HOLE IN THE WALL, v. Talbot co. Md. on E. shore : 7 m. S. from Easton. HOLE IN THE WALL, remarkable rock in the W. Indies, in the island of Abaco. Lat. 25 50 N. HOLE TOWN, t. Barbadoes. Lon. 58 31 W.; lat. 13 12 N. HOLLADAYSBURG, v. Huntingdon co Pa. ; 3 m. SW. by W. from Frankstown. HOLLAND, t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 68 m. NNE. from Montpelier. Pop. 422. HOLLAND, t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 20 m ESE. from Springfield, 75 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 453. HOLLAND, New, t. Lancaster co. Pa. ; 12 m. ENE. from Lancaster, 54 m. WNW. from Philadelphia. HOLLAND, t. Erie co. N. Y. ; 20 m. SE. from Buffalo. Pop. 1,070. 292 HOL HOP HOLLAND ISLANDS, in Chesapeake Bay, Md. N. of Smith s Island, and W. of Fishing HOLLAND S POINT, cape on the coast of Maryland, in the Chesapeake ; 28 m. S. from Annapolis. Lon. 76 40 W.; lat. 38 42 N. HOLLENBECK S, v. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 152 m. W. from Boston. HOLLEY S CREEK, r. N. C. which runs into the Saluda, Ion. 81 29 W. ; lat. 34 4 N. HOLLIDAY COVE, v. Brooke co. Va. ; 30 m. W. from Washington, Pa. HOLLINGSWORTH S FARM, v. Haber- sham co. Geo. ; 137 m, N. from Milledgeville. HOLLINSWORTH S FERRY, v. Madi son co. Va. HOLLIS, or Phillipsburg, t. York co. Me. on the Saco; 42 m. NNE. from York, 124 NNE. from Boston, 567 from W. Pop. 2,273. HOLLIS, t, Hillsborough co, N. H. ; 9 m. S. from Amherst, 40 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,501. HOLLISTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 27 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,304. HOLLOW, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. HOLMES, t. Oxford co. Me. HOLMES S HOLE, a safe and commodious harbor on N. side of Martha s Vineyard, in the township of Tisbury ; 80 m. SSE. from Bos ton. It is formed by West and East Chops ; the former of which is 2, and the latter 2 m. from the head of the harbor. The points are 21 m. apart. The depth of water is from 3J to 8 fathoms. From 20 to 70 vessels bound to Boston, or the eastward, are frequently seen here waiting for a fair wind. From about 1,000 to 1,200 sail anchor here in the course of a year, HOLMESBURG, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. ; 9 m. NE. from Philadelphia. HOLMESVILLE, t. Pike co.Miso. Pop. 71. HOLSTON, r. Tennessee, which rises in Virginia, runs SW. and joins the Tennessee 22 m, below Knoxville. It is 200 m. long, and navigable for boats of 25 tons 100 m. HOLT, Isle of, or Haute, isl. on E. side of Penobscot Bay, Me, ; 18 m. E. from Owl s Head. Lon. 58 40 W. ; lat. 44 4 N. HOLT S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the river Kentucky, Ion 94 18 W. ; lat. 38 37 N, HOLT S STORE, v. M Minn co. Ten. ; 157 m, from Murfreesborough. HOL YOKE, mt. Mass, in Hadley; 3 m. ESE. from Northampton ; 830 feet above the surface of the Connecticut river. The top of this mountain affords an extensive and beauti ful view of the surrounding country. In a plear day, one may here see the elevated peaks of New Hampshire, the Catskill Mountains of New York, and the river as far as Middle- town. On the W. side there are basaltic col umns similar to those of the Giant s Causeway A road has been made to the summit of the mountain, and it has become a place of resort for parties of pleasure, and admirers of natural scenery. HOME, district, U. Canada, comprising the (counties of York and Simcoe. HOMER, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. on the Tioughnioga; 26 m. S. from Onondaga, 145 W. from Albany. Pop. 3,306. HOMER, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 636. HOMOCHITTO, r. Mis. which runs SW. and flows into the Mississippi between Adams and Wilkinson cos. above Fort Adarns. HONDA, Bay of, on the coast of S. Ameri ca, in Santa Martha. Lon. 71 6 W.; lat. 12 N. HONDA BAY, bay on the N. coast of Cuba, 70 m. W. from Havana. Lon. 83 25 W. ; lat. 22 58 N. HONDA BAY, bay on the E. coast of Hon duras, N. of Cape Gracias a Dios. HONDO, r. Mexico, in Texas, which runs SSE. and enters the bay of Mexico. HONDURAS, t. Cuba, 63 m. NE. from Bayamo. Lon. 76 4 W. ; lat. 21 21 N. HONDURAS, province of Guatimala, bound ed N. by the bay of Honduras, W. by Vera Paz, E. by the Caribbean sea, and S. by the province of Nicaragua. It is 390 miles, long- from E. to W. and 150 from N. to S. They have three crops of maize in the year. Honey, wool, cotton, wax, mahogany, and log-wood, with other dyeing drugs, are its chief products. HONDURAS, Bay of, a large bay of North America, formed by the coast of the province of Honduras on the S. and that of Yucatan on the W. It is well known from the settlements which the British have made in it, for the cut ting down of mahogany and dye-woods. The principal is the town of Balize, on the coast of Yucatan, at the mouth of Balize river. HONDURAS CAPE, or Punta de Custilla, cape, on the E. side of the Gulf of Honduras. Lon. 86 16 W. ; lat. 16 N. HONEYVILLE, v. Shenandoah co. Va. HONEY CREEK, Ohio, which runs into Sandusky river, 15 m. from Upper Sandusky. HONEY CREEK, Ontario co. N. Y. outlet of a lake of the same name. HONEY CREEK, In. runs into the E. side of the Wabash, below Fort Harrison. HOOKSETT FALLS, and v. Merrimack co. N. H. 8 m. below Concord. Pop. 880. HOOKSTOWN, v. Beaver co. Pa. HOOKSTOWN, v. Md. 6 m. NW. from Baltimore, and on the road to Reisterstown. HOOKSTOWN, Greene co. N. C. HOOKSTOWN, Talbot co. Md. ; 3 m. N. from Easton. HOOPER S CROSS-ROADS, v. Bedford co. Ten. ; 70 m. southwardly from Murfrees borough. HOOPER S ISLAND, E. side of the Chesa peake, in Dorchester co. Md, ; E. of the mouth of the Patuxent. HOOSACK, one of the most elevated sum mits of the Green mountain range, in WiL liamstown, Berkshire co. Mass. HOOSACK RIVER, rises in Bennington eo. Vt. and falls into the Hudson, 8 m. above Waterford. HOOSACK, t. of Rensselear co. N. Y. ; 30 m. N. of Albany, on the E. side of Hudson river. Pop. 3,582. HOPE, t. Gaspe co. L. C. on Chaleur JJay, HOP HOU 293 HOPE, t, Durham co. U. Canada, on Lake Ontario. HOPE, t. Waldo co. Me. ; 35 m. NE. from Wiscasset Pop. 1,541. HOPE, small isl. Rhode Island, in Narra- ganset Bay. HOPE, t. Hamilton co. N. Y. Pop. 781. HOPE, t. Sussex co. N. J. HOPE, bay, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 49 33 N. HOPE, t Warren co. N. J. a small Mora vian settlement, 22 m. NE. of Easton, Pa. HOPEDALE, one of the missionary settle ments of the United Brethren, on the coast of Labrador, S. of Okkak. HOPEFIELD, t Phillips co. Arkansas Ter ritory, on the Mississippi, opposite Chickasaw Bluffs. HOPEWELL, t. of New Brunswick, in Westmoreland co. on a small river flowing into the Bay of Fundy. HOPEWELL, v. Ontario co. N. Y. between Canandaigua and Geneva. Pop. 2,202. HOPEWELL, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,953. HOPEWELL, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on the NE. side of the river Delaware ; 14 m. E. of Princeton. Pop. 3,151. HOPEWELL, t. Washington co. Pa. about 14 m. NW. by W. from W. HOPEWELL, v. York district, S. C. HOPEWELL, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 999. HOPEWELL, t. Perry co. Ohio ; 5 m. N. from Somerset. Pop. 1,510. HOPEWELL, t. Muskingum co. Ohio ; 10 m. from Zanesville. HOPKINS, co. Ken. Pop. 5,763. Chief town, Madisonville. HOPKINS, Point, cape on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 53 5 N. HOPKINSVILLE, v. Warren co. Ohio. HOPKINSVILLE, v. Powhatan co. Va. HOPKINSVILLE, t. and cap. Christian co. Ken. The public buildings are a court-house, jail, and an academy. Pop. 1,263. HOPKINSVILLE, t. and cap. of a county in Missouri. HOPKINTON, t. Merrimack co. N. H.; 7 m. W. from Concord, 27 N. from Amherst, 58 WNW. from Portsmouth. It is a valuable agricultural town. Here is a handsome vil lage. Pop. 2,474. HOPKINTON, t Middlesex co. Mass. ; 42 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,809. HOPKINTON, t. Washington co. R. I. ; 28 m. W. from Newport. Pop. 1,777. HOPKINTON, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. ; 37 m. E. from Ogdensburg. Pop. 827. HOPPENY CREEK, r. Pa. which runs NE. into E. branch of the Susquehannah, about 14 m. above Tunkhannock creek. HORN S ISLAND, small island near the coast of S. C. HORNELLSVILLE, t. Steuben co. N. Y. HORNORSVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va. HORNTOWN, v. Accomac co. Va. ; 16 m. g. from Snowhill. HORN ISLAND, on the coast of Missis- sippi, W. of Dauphin Island. It is 17 miles long. HORRY, district, S. C. Pop. 5,323. Con- wayborough is the capital. HORSENECK, in SW. part of Greenwich, t. ; 32 m. NE. from New York. A bloody battle was fought here between the Indians and the Dutch, in 1646. HORSENECK, v. Essex N. J. on S. side of the Passaic ; 4 m. SW. from Paterson. HORSENECK, cape, N. side of Long Isl and, W. of Huntingdon harbor. HORSE SHOE, t. Randolph co. Va. HORSHAM, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on a branch of the Neshaminy. Pop. 1,086. HORSIMUS, v. Bergen co. N. J. on W. bank of the Hudson, between Jersey City and Hoboken. HORVOS, isl. in the Gulf of Mexico, near the N. coast of Yucatan. Lon. 70 5 W. ; lat. 21 10 N. HOSANCOCK CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Schuylkill. HOSICK, r. of Vermont, Massachusetts, and New York, which rises in Bennington co. Vt and Berkshire co. Mass, and falls into Hudson river at the point of separation between Rens- selaer and Washington cos. N. Y. HOSICK, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on Hosick river, 31 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 3,582. HOSICK FALLS, v. in the NE. angle of Rensselaer co. N. Y. 28 m. NE. from Albany. HOSPITAL ISLAND, formerly Rainsford s Island, Mass, included within the township of Hingham ; 6 m. SE. from Boston. Here is a hospital for the reception of seamen and others infected with contagious disorders. HOT SPRINGS, in Bath co. Va.; 7 m. SW. from Warm Springs. The water at this spring has been so hot as to boil an egg. It raises the thermometer to 112, and is useful in some complaints. HOUGHTON, t. Norfolk co. U. Canada, on Lake Erie. HOUGHTON, Port, harbor on the NW. coast of America, between Points Hobart and Walpole. Lat. 57 20 N. HOUNSFIELD, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. ; 78 m. N. from Utica, 176 NW. from Albany. Pop. 3,415. It lies E. of Lake Ontario, on Hungry Bay, and S. of Black river. Sacket s Harbor is in this town. HOUSATONNUC, r. which rises from two sources, both in Berkshire co. Mass, one in Lanesborough, the other in Windsor. These branches unite in Pittsfield, and pursuing a southerly course of about 150 m. it flows into Long Island Sound between Strafford and Mil- ford. Towards its entrance into the sound, it is called Strafford river. It is navigable for small vessels to Derby, 12 m. Between Canaan and Salisbury it has falls of about 60 feet per pendicular. HOUSTON S, v. Rowan co. N. C. 138 m. W. from Raleigh. HOUSTONVILLE, v. Iredell co. N. C. 172 m. W. from Raleigh. HOUSTONVILLE, v. Pendleton district, S. C. 184 m. NW. from Columbia. 294 HOW HUN HOWARD, t, Steuben co. N. Y. on Cams- ter river, 18 m. W. from Bath. Pop. 2,364. HOWARD, t. Kent co. U. Canada, running from the Thames to Lake Erie. HOWARD, NW. co. of Missouri, lying N. from Missouri river. Pop. 10,844. Fayette is the capital. HOWELL, t Monmouth co. N. J. HOWELL S STORE, v. Clarke co. Ala. ROWLAND, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 722. HOYLESVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N.C. HUAMELUA, t. Mexico, in Oaxaca, 45 leagues SE. from Mexico. Lon. 95 44 W. ; lat. 16 13 N. HUBBARD, t Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. SE. from Warren. Pop. 1,085. HUBBARDSTOWN, t. Worcester co. Mass. Pop. 1,674. It is situated on a branch of the river Ware, 45 m. W. from Boston. HUBBARDSTOWN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 40 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 865. HUBERT, Seigniory, Quebec co. L. C. HUDSON, city, port of entry, and cap. Co lumbia co. N. Y. is situated on the E. bank of the Hudson river, which is navigable to this place for the largest ships, 29 m. S. from Al bany 130 m. N. from New York, and 335 m. from W. Lat. 42 14 N. Pop. 5,392. The site of Hudson is a high point, projecting into the river. The city is regularly laid out, the streets are spacious, and cross each other at right angles. It contains 1 bank, 4 printing- offices, and 4 houses of public worship, for Friends, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Epis copalians. It is a place of considerable trade and manufactures, containing establishments for the manufacture of cotton and woollen, calico printing and bleaching. There are 4 newspapers published here. HUDSON RIVER, N. Y. one of the best for navigation in America, rises in the moun tainous region, W. of Lake Champlain, and pursuing a straight course a little W. of S. for more than 300 m. communicates with the At lantic, below New York city. It has three re markable expansions, Tappan bay or sea, Hav- erstraw bay, and a third between Fishkill and New Windsor. Its only large tributary is Mohawk river. The other waters flowing into it are mere mill-streams. HUDSON, v. Caswell co. N. C. HUDSON, t. Portage co. Ohio, 12 m. NW. from Ravenna, 23 m. SE. from Cleveland. HUDSON S BAY, a large bay of North America, extending from Ion. 78 to 95 W. ; and from lat. 52 to 68 N. The Hudson s bay company have several settlements and forts, especially on the west coast, where their agents carry on a traffic with the Indians for beaver-skins, and other valuable furs. HUDSON S HOUSE, one of the Hudson s bay company s factories, in N. America, on the Saskatchawine. Lon. 106 27 20" W. ; lat 53 32" N. HUDSON POINT, cape, on the W. coast of N. America, a little within the entrance of Admiralty inlet, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon 237 33 E.; lat. 48" 8 N. HUDSON S STRAITS, the narrow sea be- ;ween the Atlantic ocean and Hudson s bay, N. of Labrador. HUEJUTTA, city, Mexico, 210 m. NE. from Mexico. Lon. 274 15 W. ; lat. 22 35 N. HUGHSVILLE, v. Patrick co. Va. HULINGSBURG, v. Armstrong co. Pa. HULL, t. York co. Lower Canada, on Ot tawa river. .HULL, t. Plymouth co. Mass, on the S. side of Boston harbor, 9 m. E. from Boston, 36 m. N. from Plymouth. Pop. 196. HULL S CROSS-ROADS, v. Harford co. Md. HUMBER, r. Newfoundland, which falls into the gulf of St. Lawrence, through the Bay of Islands. HUMBER, small river of U. C. in York co. falls into Lake Ontario, a short distance W. of York. HUMBERSTONE, t. Lincoln co. U. C. on lake Erie. HUME, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 951. HUMMELSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swetara creek, 10 m. E. from Harrisburg. HUMPHREYS, co. W. Ten. Pop. 6,189. Chief town, Reynoldsburg. HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. in Derby, New. Haven co. Ct. on the Naugatuck, 4 m. above its confluence with the Housatonnuc. Here are a woollen factory, cotton factory, and seve ral mills. At this place, merino sheep were first introduced into the United States in 1801, by general Humphreys. HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. Union co. S. C. HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa. HUNDRED CREEK, r. Va. which runs into James river. Lon. 77 16 W. ; lat 37 10 N. HUNGERFORD, t. U. C. in Hastings co. HUNGRY BAY, bay, on the E. end of Lake Ontario, on which Sacket s Harbor ia situated. HUNGRYTOWN, v. Lunenburg co. Va. ; 33 m. E. from Marysville. HUNTER, Cape, on the SW. coast of New Georgia. Lon. 160 3 E. ; lat. 9 42 N. HUNTER, formerly Greenland, t Greene co. N. Y. Pop. 1,960. HUNTERSTOWN, v. York co. Pa.; 25 m. W. from York. HUNTERDON, co. N. J. bounded NW. by Sussex co. N. by Morris co. E. by Somerset co. SE. by Burlington co. and SW. by the Delaware. Pop. 31,066. Chief town, Trenton. HUNTERSTOWN, t. St. Maurice co.KC. 28 m. NW. from Three Rivers. HUNTERSTOWN, v. York co. Pa. 25 m, W. from York. HUNTERSVILLE, v. Pocahontas co. Va. HUNTERSVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N. C. HUNTING CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac, at the S. corner of Columbia dis. trict. HUNTING CREEK TOWN, v. Dorches ter co. Md. 18 m. NE. from Cambridge. HUNTING ISLANDS, cluster of small islands in the Atlantic, nrar Port Royal, in S.C. HUN ILL 295 HUNTINGDON, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence. HUNTINGDON, t. Hastings co. U.C. HUNTINGDON, co. Pa. inclosed by the counties of Centre, Mifflin, Franklin, Bedford, and Cambria. Pop. 27,159. Chief town, Hunt ingdon. HUNTINGDON, t. and cap. Huntingdon co. Pa. on the N. side of the Juniatta, 50 m. above its mouth, 129 m. E. from Pittsburg, 186 m. W. from Philadelphia, 148 from W. HUNTINGDON, v. Carroll co. Ten. HUNTINGDON, t. Adams co. Ohio. HUNTING SOUND, channel on the coast of N. C. between Core bank and the main. HUNTINGTON, t Chittenden co. Vt. 15 m. SE. from Burlington. Pop. 929. HUNTINGTON, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on the Housatonnuc, which separates it from Derby, 17 m. W. from New-Haven. Pop. 1,369. HUNTINGTON, t. Suffolk co. on Long- Island, N. Y. 40 m. E. from New York. Pop. 5,582. It extends across the island from the sound to the Atlantic, and contains 5 houses of public worship and an academy. The vil lage of Huntington is built on a bay which sets up from the sound between Eaton s neck on the E. and Lloyd s neck on the W. On Eaton s neck is a light-house. HUNTINGTON, v. Laurens district, S. C. HUNTINGTON, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 15 m. NW. from Gallipolis. Pop. 694. HUNTINGTON, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 3 m. S. from Chillicothe. Pop. 590. HUNTINGTON, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 2,165. HUNTINGTOWN, t. Calvert co. Md. on Hunting creek, 22 m. NE. from Port Tobacco, 40 m. from Annapolis. HUNTSBURG, v. Franklin co. Vt. near the line that divides this state from L. C. at the distance of about 12 m. E. of Lake Cham- plain. HUNTSBURG, v. Geauga co. Ohio, 250 m. NE. from Columbus. HUNT S MILLS, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. HUNTSVILLE, v. Surrey co. N. C. HUNTSVILLE, v. Laurens district, S. C. HUNTSVILLE, v. Otsego co. N. Y. HUNTSVILLE, v. Robertson co. Ten. HUNTSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison co. Alabama. HURLEY, t Ulster co. N. Y. HURON, one of the five great lakes, com monly called the lakes of Canada. It is in the form of a triangle ; the SW. and NE. sides of which are about 200 m. that of the SE. 110 m. It is almost separated into two lakes by a chain of islands, extending from its NW. to SE. side. This chain retains its Indian name of Manitoulin, or Islands of the Evil Spirit, Lake Huron receives the discharge of Lake Superior, by St. Mary s strait ; that of Lake Michigan by the straits of Michillimacki- nack^ that of Nipesing by the river du Fran cois, and discharges the accumulated mass into the river St. Clair. It is 1,000 miles in cir cumference. HURON, r. Ohio, which runs into Lake Erie, 6 m. E. from Sandusky bay. HURON OF ST. CLAIR, r. Michigan ter ritory, which issues from a chain of small lakes in the neighborhood of Pontiac, and flows into Lake St. Clair, about 20 m. above Detroit. HURON OF SUPERIOR, r. NW. Territory, which runs into Lake Superior, and is 60 yards wide at its mouth. HURON, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Lake Erie, E. by Cuyahoga and Medina cos. S. by Richland, and W. by Seneca and San- dusky cos. It includes all the tract designated by the appellation of Fire-lands. Chief town, Norwalk. Pop. 13,345. HURON, t. Huron co. Ohio, on the kke shore ; distance 47 m. westerly from Cleveland, and 110 N. by E. from Columbus. Pop. 480. HURRICANE SHOALS, v. Jackson co. Geo. 91 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. HURRICANE, t. Lincoln co. Miso. HUTTONSVILLE, v. Randolph co. Va.on Roaring creek, and on the road from Clarks burg to Beverly, 35 m. SSE. from the former. HYANNIS, bay of Mass. Barnstable co. sets up from the Atlantic ocean, between Yar mouth and Barnstable. HYANNIS, t. on Hyannis bay, Barnstable co. Mass.; 97 m SE. from Boston. HYATTSTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Md. on the road from Fredericktown to W. ; 33 m. NW. from the latter, and 15 SSE. from the former. It is a small village, of a single street of about 30 houses, along the main road. HYDE, co. on the coast of N. C. Pop. 6,177. Lake Landing is the seat of justice. HYDE PARK, t. Orleans co. Vt. 34 in. N from Montpelier. Pop. 373. HYDE PARK, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on Hudson river, 8 m. above Poughkeepsie. Pop. 2,554. HYDE PARK, v. Halifax eo. N. C. 79 m. NE. from Raleigh. I. IBERIA, New, v. Louisiana, in the district of Attakapas, 200 m. W. of New Orleans. IBERVILLE, or Bayou Manchac, r. La. one of the outlets of the Mississippi. It leaves the main stream at Manchac, 20 m. below Baton Rouge, and after an E. course of 20 miles, receives Amite river j thence its course is SE. 40 miles, until it joins Lake Maurepas. It is navigable three months in the year for vessels drawing 3 or 4 feet water, but during the rest of the year, it is entirely dry, from the Mississippi to the mouth of the Amite river. IBERVILLE, co. La. on both sides of the Mississippi, south from Baton Rouge. Pop. 7,050. IBERVILLE, t. and cap. Hjerville co. La. on the Mississippi ; 100 m. above New Orleans. 1,256 m. from W. ILLINOIS, r. II. is formed by the union of the Kankakee and the Despknes, and travers ing the state in a SW. direction nearly 400 m. joins the Mississippi in Ion. 90 18 W. ; and lat. 38 58 23" N. 18 m. above the Missouri. It 296 ILL IND is 400 yards wide at its mouth, has a gentle current, unbroken by rapids, and is navigable for boats throughout its course. It is proposed to connect the Desplanes with the Chicago, a river of Michigan, by a canal. ILLINOIS, one of the U. S. See page 142. ILLINOIS, r. Arkansas, flows S. and joins the Arkansas, 4 m. above Canadian river. On the banks a few miles from its mouth are salt springs. ILLINOIS, r. Arkansas, on which is the settlement of Dwight. INDEPENDENCE, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 877. INDEPENDENCE, t. Warren co. N. J. Pop. 2,126. INDEPENDENCE, t. Cuyahoga co. Oliio. Pop. 245. INDEPENDENCE, t. and cap. Bond co. II. on Kaskaskia river. INDIANA, co. Pa. bounded by Westmore land SW. Armstrong W. Jefferson N. Clear field NE. and Cambria SE. Length 33 miles, breadth 23. Pop. 14,251. Chief town, In diana. INDIANA, t. and cap. Indiana co. Pa. 26 m. SE. from Kittaning, 270 from Philadelphia. Pop. 433. INDIANA, one of the U. S. See page 139, INDIANAPOLIS, t. Marion co. and cap. of Indiana, situated on the west bank of White river, in the centre of one of the most exten sive and fertile bodies of land in the western world; nearly central to the state, and at a point accessible by steam-boats, in common stages of the Wabash. No river in America, according to its size and extent, waters greater bodies of fertile land, than White river. The country is settling about this town with unex ampled rapidity. But a few years since, it was a solid and deep forest, where the surprised traveller now sees the buildings of a metropo lis, compact streets and squares of brick build ings, respectable public buildings, manufacto ries, mechanic shops, printing-offices, business and bustle. Such is the present aspect of Indianapolis, which contains 200 houses, and 1,200 inhabitants. It will, probably, become one of the largest towns between Cincinnati and the Mississippi. INDIAN-TOWN, v. Dorchester co. Md. 3 m. SW. from Newmarket. INDIAN-TOWN, t. Currituck co. N. C. 52 m. ENE. from Edenton. INDIAN-TOWN, t. Williamsburg co. S.C. WEST-INDIA PRODUCTIONS. INDIES, West. This is a long chain of Islands, that stretch in the form of an arch or bow, between North and South America, from the Gulf of Florida, to that of Venezuela. They are called by some geographers the Co lumbian Archipelago. They have been called Antilles from the Latin ante insulas. They are often called Caribbees, and by the North Americans, the West Indies. They are divid ed into the greater and less Antilles, and some times into the windward and leeward islands. These islands, with the exception of Hayti and Margarita, belong to different European states, chiefly to Great Britain, Spain, and France. The four Great Antilles, namely, Cuba, Hayti, Jamaica, and Porto Rico, are the largest and most important. Some of the most considera ble of the Caribbee Isles, are Guadeloupe, Mar tinique or Martinico, and Barbadoes. The Ba hama Islands are numerous, but not very im portant. One of them, now called Cat Island, is celebrated for being the first land in America that was seen by Columbus. There are moun tains on all the larger islands of this Archipel ago. The highest are on the west of St. Do mingo, the east of Cuba, and the north of Ja maica. Volcanoes have been observed in Gua- daloupe, and some other isknds. Their gen. eral geological feature is abrupt transition from mountains to plains, marked by steep and craggy rocks. Coral and madrepore rocks are common on the different coasts. Cuba, and the Bahamas are surrounded by labyrinths of low rocks, several of which are covered with palm trees. These islands are generally situ ated under the tropic of Cancer, and there is very little difference in the climate; so that the observations touching one of them will generally apply to the whole. The periodical rains, which give birth to the spring of the country, commence in May, and the brown of vegetation changes to a deep verdure. The periodical rains fall about noon, and cause a luxuriant vegetation. The medium standing of the thermometer is 78 Fahr. These show ers are followed by the splendor of tropical IND IND 297 summer. The sky is nearly cloudless, and the heat would be almost insupportable, but for the sea breeze. The moon emits a light, by which a person can see to read the smallest print by night. The thermometer now often rises above 90, and suffocating calms announce the re- approach of the great periodical rains. Fiery clouds are seen in the atmosphere, and the mountains seem nearer, than at other times. The rains fall in torrents. It is said, that 87 inches fell in one year. Iron rusts rapidly ; humidity is great, and the inhabitants live in a kind of vapor bath. The climate is then re laxing, unwholesome, and dangerous to a Eu ropean. Putrid and yellow fever ensues, as some say from miasma, and others whimsical ly affirm from lunar influence. It is now gen erally believed not to be contagious, and less dangerous on elevated, than marshy districts. The temperate zone of the Antilles commences at 1,400 feet above the level of the sea. The mountains at an elevation of 4000 feet are subject to mists and rains. Most of the wild animals indigenous to this climate are of a smaller size. The scorpion is found only in the large islands. Negroes are sometimes ex posed to the murderous bite of the cayman or crocodile. Parrots of various species glitter in the woods, and innumerable aquatic birds congregate on the shores. Humming birds, darting along the bright flowers, vie in their plumage with the flowers, the emerald and ruby. All the tropical plants, shrubs and trees are natives of this climate. A canoe made from a single trunk of a cotton tree, has been known to contain a hundred persons ; and the leaf of one species of palm will shade five or six men. The palmetto, or mountain cabbage tree, grows 200 feet high, and its verdant sum mit trembles from the slightest breeze. A splendid variety of the noblest trees graces the plantations. Lemon, orange and pomegranate trees perfume the air with the aroma of their flowers ; while their branches are loaded with fruit. The apple, peach and grape ripen in the mountains. The date, sapota, sapotilla, mammee, rose apple, mango, different species of spondias and annonas, and most of the ori ental tropical fruits ripen on the sultry plains. We should not have space to enumerate the splendid varieties of flowering shrubs, opuntias, thistles, and lianes. The polypodium arboreum, at a distance, might be mistaken for the palm tree, on account of its lofty trunk, and the broad leaves on its summit. Lignumvitas, wintera-canela, cinchona caribea, wild vanilla, aloes, arnatto, and pimento are all either indi genous, or cultivated here. The igname and potato, manioc and angola peas are the food of the negroes. Sugar cane of the various species is the well known and most abundant production of these islands. No conflagration is more rapid or alarming than a fire in a dry cane field, which frequently occurs. Two va rieties of the cotton, the green seed and the small seed, are the most common kinds culti vated. The coffee of the country is a native of Arabia Felix. It seldom bears before the third season ; sometimes not till the sixth. It never lasts more than 30 years, and frequently decays before that time. A single plant pro duces from one to four pounds. TABULAR VIEW OF THE PRINCIPAL WEST-INDIA ISLANDS. Caribbee Islands. Great Antilles. Bahamas. Bahama Belonging to Sq. ins. . . 5,500 . Pop. ... 16,000. Chief towns. . . . Nassau Providence . .Independent. ..28,000. ..50,000. . . 6,400. ...935,000. ...704,000. ...386,000. ...225,000. ...126,000. ... 36,000. ... 33,000. ... 24,000. ... 19,000. ... 14,000. ... 12,000. . . . 8,000 . ... 7,000. ... 11,000. . . . 8,000 . . . . 8,000 . . . . 6,000 . . . . 5,000 . 800, . . . Port au Prince . . . Havana . . . Kingston ... St. Juan ...Basse Terre ... St. John s . . . Santa Cruz . . . Basse Terre . . . Roseau ...The Bay ...Basse Terre . . . Plymouth . . . Road Harbor . . . Charlestown . . . Gustavia Hayti . Cuba . . Spain Jamaica L. Porto Rico Spain . ... . 4.000 r Guadaloupe . . . Leeward Islands. ..France 675. Antiffua 93. Santa Cruz .. 100. St. Christopher . . Dominica 70. 29. St Eustatia Holland 22. Ma rie *al ante Prance .... 90. Montserrat . . . . Britain 78. Tortola &rc Britain . 90. Nevis . Britain 20. St. Bartholomew . 60. Britain 80. St Mctrtin Holland 90. St. Thomas .... . . Denmark . . . 40. 30. IND-ISL TABULAR VIEW Continued. Windward Islands. Belonging to Sq. ma. Pop. Martinique France 370 .... 102,000 Barbadoes Britain 166 . Grenada Britain. ...... 110 . Trinidad Britain 1,700 . St. Vincent. . . .Britain. 130 . St. Lucia Britain Tobago Britain Margarita Colombia . Curacoa Holland , INDUSTRY, t. Somerset co. Me. 13 m. W, from Norridgewock. Pop. 902. INGLESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Va. INTERIOR PARISH, v. La Fourche co. La, - IONIA, v, Onondago co. N. Y., NW. from Salina, and 157 m. NW. from Albany. IOWA TOWN, t. NW. Territory, on E. side of the river Mississippi. lat. 40 30 N. Lon.9115 W.; IOWA, r. La. which runs into the Missis sippi, lat. 40 38 N. IOWA, Upper, r. La. which runs into the Mississippi, 40 m. N. from Ouisconsin. IPSWICH, r. Mass, which rises in Wilming ton, runs NE. and flows into Ipswich harbor. IPSWICH, t. and port of entry, Essex co. Mass.. 12 m..NNE..from Salem, 12 SSW. from Newburyport, 27 NNE. from Boston. Lon. 70 51 W.; lat. 42 41 N. Pop. 2,951. Here are sereral churches for Congregationalists, and also a society of Baptists. The village stands en the N. side of Ipswich river, about a mile from ks mouth, and contains a court-house and jail, a free grammar school, and other public buildings. Here is an exeeflent stone bridge across the river. It is a place of considerable maritime trade, and does some ship-building. IRA, t. Rutland co. Vt. 40 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 442. IRA, t. Cayuga co. N. Y., N. from Seneca river, and about 20 m. a little E. of N. from Auburn. IRASBURG, t. and cap. Orleans co. Vt. 50 m. NNE. from Montpelier, 568 from W. 860. It is watered by Black river. Pop. IREDELL, co. N. C. Pop. 15,262. States- ville is the chief town. IRELAND, v. Hampden co. Mass. IRONDEQUOT, bay of Lake Ontario, Mon roe co. N. Y. IRONDEQUOT, creek, Monroe co. N, Y. discharges its waters into the bay of the same name. The Grand Western Canal of New York crosses this creek, by very expensive and massive works. IRON MOUNTAINS,, local term for that ridge of the Apalachian chain, which sepa rates North Carolina from Tennessee. IROQUOIS, Pointe Aux, St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence, 6 or 7 miles above the Rapid Plat. It is advantageously situated for commanding the passage up and down the St. Lawrence. 225 140, 350 600 101,000. 29,000 . 52,000 . 25,000 . 18,000. 14,000, 15,000. 12,000 . Chief town* .St. Pierre . Bridgetown . St. George .Port of Spain , , Kingston . Carenage . Scarborough , . Ascension , . Williamstadt IRVILLE, v. Muskmgum co. Ohio. IRWIN, co. Georgia, bounding Florida. IRWINTON, t. Wilkinson co. Geo. 18 m, S. by W. from Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a Methodist meeting house. ISAAC S CREEK, r. Ohio,, which runs into the Ohio, 1 mile below Manchester. ISBELLSVILLE, v. Todd co. Ken. ISINGLASS, r. N. H. which flows into the Chocheco. ISLAND CREEK, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. ISLE AUX NOIX, an island in Sorel r. L. C. about 10 m. from Lake Champlain. ISLEBOROUGH, t. Waldo co. Me. ISLE OF BEEVES, isl. N. America, in the Bay of Campeachy, 17 m. long, and 8 broad, It is fertile, and abounds in cattle and fruits. ISLE OF HOOKSET FALLS, N. H. on the Merrimack, between Dunbarton and Ches ter, 400 rods below the entrance of Suncook river, 8 m. above Amoskeag Falls, 8 S. by E. from Concord. These falls are shunned by a canal, and a bridge is erected across the river at the falls, over which passes the Londonderry turnpike. Here is a small village, containing a post-office. ISLE JESUS, isl. and seigniory, Emngham co. L. C. It is situated NE. from the island of Montreal with an intervening channel of St.- Lawrence river. ISLE OF ORLEANS, isl. co. and seign iory, L. C. in St. Lawrence river, commencing; 4 m. below Quebec. ISLE ROYAL, long island of Lake Supe rior, 100 m. long, and 40 wide in some places. ISLE DE ST. JOHN, Seigniory, Devon co. L. C. on the SE. side of the St. Lawrence, 45 m. below Quebec. ISLE DU PORTAGE, Seigniory, Cornwal- lis co. L. C. on the SE. side of the St. Lawrence, 85 m. below Quebec. ISLE OF SHOALS, a cluster of small islands near the coast of New Hampshire, be tween Newburyport and Portsmouth, belong ing to New Hampshire and Maine. The New Hampshire portion constitutes the township of Gosport. They are barren heaps of sand and rocks, with hardly a green sod upon them, yet were once populous and wealthy. The inhab itants live solely by fishing, and the Isle of Shoals dun-fish are well known as the best cured cod in the world. They have now about 100 inhabitants, and a light-house^has been re- ISL-JAC 299 tsently built here. A cave is still shown upon one of them, in which one of the female inhab itants secreted herself when the islands were invaded by the Indians. The celebrated cap- tain Smith discovered these islands, and they were formerly called Smith s Isles. ISLE OF WIGHT, co. Va, bounded by Nansemond SE. by Biackwater river or South ampton SW. Surrey NW. and James river NE. Length 30 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Smithfield. Pop. in 1820, 10,139; in 1830, 10,517. ISLE OF WIGHT, v. Isle of Wight co. Va. 30 m. W. from Norfolk, and 89 SE. from Richmond, Lat. 36 50 N.; Ion. from W. 28 E. ISLIP, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on Long Island. ISTAPA, t. Mexico, in the province of Cu- liacan, 40 m. E. by S. of Culiacan. ITALY, t. Yates co. N. Y. ITHACA, t, and cap. Tompkins co. N. Y. on Cayuga Lake. Pop. 5,270. It has several manufactories, and is surrounded by beautiful scenery. There are some beautiful cataracts in the neighborhood. Distance from W. 290 m. IXWORTH, t. Cornwallis co. L. C. 63 m. NE. from Quebec. IZQUINTENANNO, t. Mexico, in the province of Chiapa. The country about it pro duces cotton and a great quantity of pine-ap ples. It is 100 m. SE. of Chiapa. J. JACKSON, t. Waldo co. Maine, 23 m. NW. from Castine. Pop. 493. JACKSON, t. Washington co. N. Y. JACKSON, v. Louisa co. Va, JACKSON, co. Geo. bounded by Clark SE. Walton SW. Hall and Habersham NW. and Franklin and Madison NE. Length 25 m. mean width 20 m. Chief town, Jefferson. Pop. in 1820, 8,355; in 1830, 9,000, of whom 2,816 are colored. JACKSON, co. of Ohio, around the Scioto salt works, bounded by Lawrence S. Scioto SW. Pike W. Ross NW. Hocking N. Athens NE. and Gallia SE. Length 30, width 20 m. Stone coal and salt springs are found here. Chief town, Jackson. Pop. in 1820, 3,746 ; in 1830, 5,974. JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, Jackson co. Ohio, 28 m. SE. from Chillicothe, 74 SE. from Columbus, from W. 387 m. Pop. 329. JACKSON, t. in the southern part of Frank lin co. Ohio. Pop. 385. JACKSON, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 882. JACKSON, t. of Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 1,063. JACKSON, t Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,365. JACKSON, NE. t. Pike co. Ohio. Pop. 894. JACKSON, t Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 623. JACKSON, t Champaign co. Ohio, con taining 1,134 inhabitants. JACKSON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 649. JACKSON, t in the southern limits of Mon roe co. Ohio. Pop. 604. JACKSON, t Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,081. JACKSON t. Perry co. Ohio. Pop. 1,352. JACKSON, t. in the western borders of Montgomery co. and adjoining the co. of Preble Ohio. Pop. 1,377. JACKSON, Preble co. Ohio. Pop, 1,153. JACKSON, the north-westernmost t. of Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 593. JACKSON, co. In. on White River, bounded SE. by Scott, S. by Washington, W. by Law rence, NW. by Monroe, N. by Delaware, and E. by Jennings cos, ; length 30 m. mean width 19. Chief town, Brownstown. Pop. 4,894. JACKSON, v. Jackson co. In. 84 m, south ward from Indianapolis. , . JACKSON, co. II. bounded by the Missis- sippi river SW. by Randolph NW. and N. Franklin E. and Union co. S. ; length 30 m. mean width 24. Chief town, Brownsville. Pop. 1820, 1,542 ; in 1830, 1,827. JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, Cape Gi- rardeau co. 12 m. NW. from Cape Girardeau, and about 10 in a direct line from the Missis sippi river, and 856 m. from W. Lat. 37 26 ; Ion. from W. 12 20 W. JACKSON, co. W. Ten. bounded S. by White, W. by Smith, N. by Monroe co. ia Kent, and E. by Overton. Length 28 m. mean width 18. Cumberland river crosses this co. in an oblique direction from NE. to SW. Chief town, Gainesborough. Pop. in 1820. 7J593 j in 1830, 9,902. JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, Madison co. Ten. on the S. branch of Forked Deer river. N. lat. 35 58 , and 198 m. a little S. of W. from Murfreesborough ; 861 from W. Pop. 11,750. JACKSON, v. on the left bank of Tombig- bee river. Clarke co. Al. 12 m. below, and SE. from St. Stephens. JACKSON, NE. co. of Al. N. of Tennessee river, bounded by Tennessee river SE. by De- catur co. SW. and by Franklin and Marion cos. N. It is nearly in form of a triangle ; 30 m. by a direct line along Tennessee river, an equal distance on Decatur co. and an equal distance along the S. boundary of Tennessee. Chief town, Bellefonte. Pop. in 1820, 8,751 , in 1830, 12,702. JACKSON, co. Mississippi, on the gulf ol Mexico, at the mouth of the Pascagoula. Pop 1,789, of whom 321 are colored. JACKSON, t. and cap. Feliciana co. Louis iana, on Thompson s creek, 12 m. W. of the Mississippi. Its public buildings are a court house, jail, and academy. Pop. 200. JACKSONBOROUGH, t. Colleton district S. C. on the W. side of Edisto river, 33 m. W from Charleston. JACKSONBOROUGH, t. and cap. Scriven co. Geo. on Briar creek, 69 m. NW. from Sa vannah, 54 m. SE. from Augusta, and 634 m, from W. JACKSONBURG, t. and cap. Campbell co, East Tennessee, N. of Knoxville, and 543 m, from W. JACKSON S MILLS, v. Harrison co, Va. JACKSON S RIVER, Va. rises in the Warm Spring mountains, and flowing SW. is joined by Cowpasture river, and forms James river. Near its source is a perpendicular fall of 200 feet, 300 JAC JAM . JACKSON TOWN, v. Jackson co. Al. JACKSONVILLE, v. Wood co. Va. JACKSONVILLE, or Telfairton, t. and cap. Telfair co. Geo. 753 m. from W. JACKSONVILLE, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 18 m. N\V. from Lancaster. JACOBSBURG, v. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 100. JACQUES CARTIER, r. L.C. which rises in some small lakes, in Ion. 71 20 W. ; lat. 48 N. and falls into the St. Lawrence in the seigniory of the same name. JACQUES CARTIER, seigniory, Hamp shire co. L. C. extending from the N. bank of St Lawrence river, between the seigniory of D Auteuil, and the Barony of Portneuf, cross- ing the rivers Jacques Cartier, Savonnis, and St Anne. JAFFREY, t. Cheshire co. New Hamp shire, 36 m. SW. from Concord. Pop. 1,354. Here are found red and yellow ochre, alum, vitriol, and black lead. A company is incor porated for the manufacture of earthenware. Grand Monadnock mountain is in this town. JAMAICA, one of the West-India islands. It is the third in point of size, but the first in point of commercial importance. It is 150 m. long, and 60 broad, but narrower towards the extremities, resembling an ellipsis. The Blue Mountains pervade this island from one ex tremity to the other. The plains abound in excellent pasturage for cattle, and flourishing sugar plantations. The mountains near Span ish Town are resorted to, on account of their mineral waters. Lead is the only metal found here. The summit of the highest mountain is 7,800 feet above the level of the sea. Sugar is the great staple of this island, and although much more abundant in some seasons than in others, is more uniform than in the other islands. But the colonists of late have directed their attention much to the cultivation of cotton. Pimento and ginger are among the products. The finest mahogany abounds. The soap tree is common. The bread fruit tree has been transplanted here, and all the tropical fruits and productions come to maturity, such as oranges, lemons, shaddocks, citrons, pome granates, pine-apples, prickly pears, and many others. The plantain, which Jamaica, in com mon with the other West-India islands, pro duces in abundance, is one of the most agreea able and nutritious vegetables in the world. Jamaica contains three counties, Middlesex, Surrey, and Cornwall. The government is composed of the legislative assembly, and a governor and council appointed by the king. The chief towns are Kingston and St. Jago de la Vega, or Spanish town. The latter is the seat of government. Port Royal, once the largest town in the island, was destroyed by tremendous earthquake. The population of the whole island is about 400,000 souls, of whom only 40,000 are whites. JAMAICA, t. Windham co, Vt. 35 m. SW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,523. JAMAICA, v. Queens co. Long Island, N. Y. 13 m. E. from New- York. Pop. of the t. 2,376. The village contains an academy, and 3 e* 4 places of public worship. JAMAICA PLAINS, in the W. part of Roxbury, Mass. ; 5 m. SW. from Boston. They encompass a pond containing 160 acres, and are remarkable for their delightful scenery and elegant country-seats. JAMES BAY, the southern extension of Hudson s bay. It abounds with islands of va rious extent, and reaches as far south as lat. 52 N. receiving a number of rivers, the prin cipal of which are Albany, Moose, Hurricane, and East Maine. JAMES, island on the coast of S. C. be tween Stono river, and Charleston harbor. JAMES CITY, co. Va. between York and James river, and bounded by Warwick SE. James river and Chickihominy river SW. New Kent NW. and York river and York co. NE. Length 23 m. mean width about 8. Chief town, Williamsburg. Pop. in 1820, 3,161 ; in 1830, 3,838. JAMES CITY, v. Madison co, Va. JAMES ISLAND, small island in the river Ashley, 3 m. S. from Charleston. Lon. 80 W. ; lat. 32 44 N. JAMES ISLAND, small island near the coast of Maryland, in the Chesapeake. Lon. 76 25 W. ; lat. 38 40 N. JAMES RIVER, r. Va. formed by the union of Jackson and Cowpasture rivers. At the point where it begins to break through the Blue Ridge, it is joined by North river. The flourishing towns of Lynchburg and Rich mond stand on its banks. It joins the Atlan tic in Hampton Road, at the mouth of Chesa peake Bay. Its general course is S. of E. A 40 gun ship may go up to Jamestown, and by lightening herself, to Harrison s bar, where there are 15 feet of water. It is navigable for sloops as far up as Richmond, and for ba teaux 220 m. above Richmond, opening a val uable navigation into an extensive and pro ductive country. JAMES RIVER, Arkansas, rises in the highlands a few miles S. of the Gasconade, and running SW. 200 m. during which course it receives Findley s river and other streams, enters White river 1,000 m. from its mouth. The soil on its banks is among the most fer tile of any in the valley of the Mississippi. Lead mines occur on its banks 20 m. above the junction of Findley s river. JAMESTOWN, t. Newport co. R. I. on Canonicut Island, 2 m. W. from Newport. Pop. 414. JAMESTOWN, t. James City co. Va. on an island in James river, 32 m. above its mouth, 8 m. SW. from Williamsburg, 65 ESE from Richmond. This town was established in 1608, and was the first settled town by the English in the U. States. The town is now in ruins, and almost desolate; two or three old houses, the ruins of an old steeple, a church yard, and faint marks of rude fortifications, are the only memorials of its former importance. JAMESTOWN, v. Guilford co. N. C. JAMESTOWN, v. Prince Edward co. V JAM JEF 301 on the Appomntox, 12 m. NE. of the court house. JAMESVILLE, v. Onondago co. N. Y. in Manilas, 4 m. E. from Onondaga Hollow, 46 W. from Utica. JAMESVILLE, v. Clarendon district, S. C. JAQUES, or James, r. La. which flows into the Missouri, 150 m. from the Mississippi. JASPER, co. Geo. bounded S. by Jones, W. by Henry and Newton, N. by Walton, E. by Putnam. Length 25 m. breadth 18. Pop. in 1820, 13,614; in 1830, 13,131. Chief town, Monticello. JAUFLIONE, r. La. which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 91 45 W. ; lat. 39 26 N. JAY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 60 m. N. from Mont- pelier. Pop. 196. JAY, t. Oxford co. Me. 21 m. NE. from Paris, 175 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,276. JAY, t. Essex co. N. Y. 141 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 1,729. JEAN RABEL, t. of St. Domingo on the sea-coast, 12 m. NE. from St. Nicholas le Mole, Ion. 73 20 W.; lat. 19 55 N. JEFFERSON, t. Lincoln co. Me. 28 m. NE. from Wiscasset, 200 NE. from Boston. Pop. 2,074. JEFFERSON, t. Coos co. N. H. 7 m. SE. from Lancaster. Pop. 495. JEFFERSON, co. N. Y. bounded NW. by the St. Lawrence, NE. by St. Lawrence co. SE. by Lewis and Oswego cos. S. by Oneida co. and W. by Lake Ontario. Pop. in 1820, 32,952 ; in 1830, 48,515. Chief town, Water- town. JEFFERSON, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 48 m. SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,743. JEFf ERSON, t. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1,551. JEFFERSON co. NW. part of Pa. bounded N. by Warren and M Kean cos. E. by M Kean and Clearfield cos. S. by Indiana co. and W by Armstrong and Venango cos. Pop. 2,225. Chief town, Brookville. JEFFERSON, v. Jefferson co. Pa. JEFFERSON, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop 1,292. JEFFERSON, t. Washington co. Pa. 17 m from Washington, Pa. JEFFERSON, co. N. part of Va. bounded NE. by the Potomac, E. by Loudon co. S. by Frederick co. and W. by Berkeley co. Pop. 12,927, of whom 3,999 are colored. Chief town, Charlestown. JEFFERSON, co. E. part of Ohio. Pop. 22,489. Chief town, Steubenville. JEFFERSON, t Scioto co. Ohio. Pop 566. JEFFERSON, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 1,645 JEFFERSON, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop 1,402. JEFFERSON, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop 3,240. JEFFERSON, t Montgomery co. Ohio Pop. 1,757. JEFFERSON, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop 1,267. JEFFERSON, t. Madison co. Ohio, Pop 409. JEFFERSON, t. and cap. Ashtabula co. )hio, on Mill creek, about 65 m. E. from Cleveland. Pop. 270. JEFFERSON, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. It s situated in Pickaway Plains, 3 m. S. from ircleville, 16 N. from Chillicothe. Pop. 119. JEFFERSON, co. N. part of Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 24,002. Chief town, Louisville. JEFFERSON, co. E. Ten. Pop. 11,799. >hief town, Dandridge. JEFFERSON, t. Rutherford co. Ten. 22 m. 5SE. from Nashville. Near this town there is mineral spring. JEFFERSON, co. central part of Georgia, op. 7,309, of whom 3,706 are colored. Chief own, Louisville. Jefferson Baths, in this sounty, 12 m. NE. from Louisville, are much esorted to. JEFFERSON, t. Camden co. Georgia, on he Great Satilla, 56 m. SW. from Darien. t is the seat of justice for the county. It is ituated about 20 m. from the mouth of the iver. JEFFERSON, co. Miso. bounded by the Mississippi river E. St. Genevieve and Wash- ngton cos. S. Franklin W. and NW. and Mer- imack river or St. Louis co. N. Length 30 m. width 25. Chief town, Herculaneum. Pop. n 1820, 1,835; in 1830, 2,586. JEFFERSON, t. and cap. Jackson co. Geo. t contains a court-house and a jail. JEFFERSON, r. N. Ame. ! ca. It is a fork )f the Missouri in the Rocky Mountains. JEFFERSON, co. of Mis. on the Missis- sippi river, bounded by that stream NW. by Claiborne N. uncertain on the E. by Franklin S. and Adams SW. Length 30 m. breadth Besides the Mississippi river, this county s watered by Fairchilds and Coles creeks, in Jie centre, and by the sources of Homochitto iver, and Bayou Pierre, in the E. Pop. in L820, 6,822; in 1830, 9,755. Chief town, Greenville. JEFFERSON CITY, v. Cole co. Miso. on ;he right bank of Missouri river, 15m. above ;he mouth of Osage river. JEFFERSON RIVER, NW. branch of the Missouri, joins Madison river at lat. 45 N. ; on. 30 45 W. from W. and forms the Mis souri. A short distance below their junction, Sallatin s river enters the united stream from Jie SE. JEFFERSONTON, v. Culpeper co. Va. 20 m. N. from Culpeper. JEFFERSONTON, v. Ashe co. N. C. JEFFERSONTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Ken. JEFFERSONVILLE, t. Tazewell co. Va on N. fork of Clinch river, 50 m. NE. from Abingdon. JEFFERSONVILLE, t. Clark co Indiana, on the Ohio, just above the Rapids, and nearly opposite Louisville. Lat. 38 30 N. It is a flourishing town, and contains a land office, and about 130 houses. JEFFERY S CREEK, r. S. C. which runs into the Great Pedee, Ion. 79 29 W. ; lat. 34 8 N. JEFFERY S LEDGE, a sand-bank on the coast of Massachusetts, between Cape Ann 302 JEM JOH and Casco Bay. Lon. 69 38 W. ; lat. 43 10 N. JEMAPPE, v. Caroline co. Va. JENITO BRIDGE, v. Powhatan co. Va. JENKINTOWN, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 12 m. N. from Philadelphia. JENKINS ISLAND, small island near the coast of S. C. Lon. 80 40 W.; lat. 32 20 N. JENNERVILLE, v. Somerset co. Pa. JENNERVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa. JENNINGS, co. In. bounded by Jefferson NE. Scott and Jackson SW. Delaware NW. and Ripley E. Length 24 m. breadth 18. Soil productive, Chief town, Mount Vernon. Pop. in 1820, 2,000 ; in 1830, 3,950. Lat. 39 N. ; Ion. 8 30 W. from W. JENNINGS ORDINARY, t. Nottaway co. Va. 69 m. SW. from Richmond. JEREMIE, t. and cape on the N, side of the southern peninsula of the island of St. Do- iningo. The town is situate on an eminence, in a fertile soil, particularly excellent for the culture of coffee, 5 m. W. of St. Domingo. Lon. 3 5 E. ; lat. 18 42 N. from W. JERICHO, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on N. side of Onion river, 15 in. E. from Burlington. Pop. 1,654. JERICHO. See Bainbridge. JERICHO, v. in Oyster Bay, Long Island, N.Y, JEROMESVILLE, v. Wayne co. Ohio. JERSEY, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 2,391. JERSEY CITY, or Paulus Hook, t. Ber gen co. N. J. on the Hudson, opposite New York, 1 m. distant, 226 from W. It contains a bank. JERSEYTOWN, v. Columbia co. Pa. JERSEY SHORE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on N. side of the W. branch of the Susquehannah, 20 m. W. from Williamsport. JERUSALEM, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on W. side of Crooked Lake, 20 m. S. from Canan- daigua. This town is the principal residence of the followers of Jemima Wilkinson. JERUSALEM, v. in Benton, N. Y. JERUSALEM, t. Washington co. Md. on the Antietam, SW. of Hagarstown. JERUSALEM, t. Southampton co. Va. on the Nottaway, 63 m. WSW. from Norfolk. JEWETT S CITY, v. New London co Ct. on the Quinebaug ; 8 m. NE. from Nor wich. JOBSTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J. JOHN, St. a small island in the West Indies, N. of St. Croix, belonging to the Danes. 11 has a town and spacious harbor. JOHN, St. or Prince Edward, an island in the S. part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, hav ing New Brunswick on the W. Nova Scotia on the S. and Cape Breton on the E. It is 60 m long and 30 broad, and fertile, with severai streams. In 1745 it surrendered, with Cape Breton, to the English. The capital is Char lotte Town. JOHN, St. a river which rises in the NW part of the district of Maine, flowing NE. into New Brunswick, where it soon takes a SSE eourse, and enters the bay of Fundy, at the city of St. John. It is navigable 60 m. for sloops of 50 tons, and about 200 for boats ; and affords a common and near route from the >rovince of New Brunswick to Quebec. JOHN, St. a city of New Brunswick, situate at the mouth of the river St. John, in the bay of Fundy. It stands in a high situation, and s regularly built. The harbor is open through out the year, and the city carries on an exten. sive commerce. Lon. 65 15 W.; lat. 45 12 N. JOHN, St. the chief town of Newfoundland, situate on the E. side of the island. It has a good harbor, entirely land-locked, and defend- ed by several forts, in one of which the gov ernor of the island resides. This town suffer ed very severely by repeated fires during the years 1816, 1817, and 1818. Lon. 52 26 W.; .at. 47 32 N. JOHN, St. the capital of Antigua. It is one of the most regular towns in the West Indies t and has the most commodious harbor in the Leeward islands. Lon. 62 4 W.; lat. 17 4 N. JOHN, St. a town and fort of L. Canada, on the W. bank of Chambly or Richelieu river, at the N. end of Lake Champlain. In 1796 it was made the sole port of entry and clearance for all goods imported from the U. States into Canada. It is 20 m. E. by S. from Montreal, and 110 N. by E. from Crown Point. Lon. 73 20 W. ; lat. 45 25 N. JOHN S BAY, bay on the coast of Maine. Lon. 69 30 W. ; lat. 53 50 N. JOHN S RIVER, r. N. H. which runs into the Connecticut, in Dalton. JOHN S RIVER, r. N. C. which joins the Catawba, below Burke court-house. JOHN S ISLAND, isl. of the Atlantic, near the coast of S. Carolina, a little S. from Charles ton, 30 m. in circumference. Lon. 80 10 W.; lat. 32 42 N. JOHNSBURG, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, 23 m. NW. from Caldwell. Pop. 985. JOHNSON, t. Franklin co. Vt. 35 m, N. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,070. JOHNSON, co. N. C. bounded by Sampson S. Cumberland SW. Wake NW. Nash NE. and Wayne E. and SE. ; length 32 m. mean width 20. It is intersected by Neuse river from NW. to SE. Chief town, Smithfield. Pop. in 1820, 9,607; in 1830, 9,607. JOHNSON, co. 111. bounded by Ohio river S. by Alexander and Union W. Franklin N. and Pope E. ; length 30 m. breadth 18. Sur face hilly towards Ohio river, but more leve, in the interior. Soil fertile. Chief town, Wil. kinsonville. Pop. 1820, 843 ; 1830, 1,596. JOHNSONBURG, v. Warren co. N. J. 30 m. NE. from Easton in Pa. and 74 N. from Trenton. JOHNSONSBURG, t. Sussex co. N. J. 10 m, from Newton. Here is an Episcopal church. JOHNSON S CREEK, v. Niagara co. N. Y JOHNSON S FORT, on James Island, S.C at the entrance of Charleston harbor. JOHNSON S MILLS, v. Dallas co. Al. 9 m. from Cahawba. JOH JUN 303 JOHNSON S POINT, cape on SW. coast of Antigua. Lon. 61 35 W. ; lat. 17 10 N. JOHNSON S SETTLEMENT, v. Tioga co. N. Y. JOHNSON S SPRINGS, v. Goochland co. Va. 25 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. JOHNSTON, t. TrumbuU co. Ohio. Pop. 400. JOHNSTON, Fort, N.C. on the right bank of Cape Fear river, at its mouth. JOHNSTON, t. Providence co. R. I. 4 m. W. from Providence. Pop. 2,114. Here are several cotton manufactories. JOHNSTON S STRAITS, between the continent of N. America and the islands of Quadra and Vancouver : it unites Queen Char lotte s Sound to the Gulf of Guinea. Lon. from W. 46 W. ; lat. 50 35 N. JOHNSTONVILLE, t. Randolph co. N. C. 85 m. NW. from Fayetteville. JOHNSTOWN, U. C. is situated upon the river St. Lawrence, above the uppermost rap ids in ascending to Lake Ontario, and is a mile square. From this town vessels may be navi gated with safety to Queenstown, and to the ports of Lake Ontario. It is nearly opposite Ogdensburg in New York. JOHNSTOWN, district, U. C. on the river St. Lawrence. JOHNSTOWN, t. and cap. Montgomery co. N. Y. on N. side of the Mohawk, 41 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 7,700. The large village of Johnstown is 4 m. N. of the Mohawk, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and several houses of public worship ; 1 for Pres byterians, and 1 for Episcopalians. It is 415 m, from W. JOHNSTOWN, v. Livingston co. N, Y, JOHNSTOWN, t. Licking co. Ohio, on a branch of Licking creek, 20 m. NW* from Newark. Pop. 217. JOHNSTOWN, a thriving v. in Cambria co. Pa. on the W. side of the Alleghany moun tain, situated on the Pennsylvania canal, at its junction with the rail-road, about 20 m. S. by W. from Ebensburg. JONASVILLE, v. Alleghany co. Md. JONES, co. S. part of N. C. Pop. 5,628. Chief town, Trenton. JONES, co. W. part of Geo. Pop. 13,342, of whom 6,873 are colored. Chief town, Clinton. JONES, Cape,, in Hudson s Bay. Lon. 79 W. ; lat. 58 50 N. JONESBOROUGH, s-p. and t. Washington co. Me. N. of Kennebeck Bay, 8 m. W. from Machias. Pop. 810. JONESBOROUGH, t. Washington co. Ten. on the Holston, 16 rn. S. from Blountsville, 100 ENE. from KnoxvHfe. Pop. about 900. It contains a bank, a printing-office, a court-house, a jail, and a Presbyterian church. JONESBURGi t. Camden co. N. C. 66 m. S. from Norfolk. It is the chief town of the county, and contains a court-house. JONES CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Delaware. Lat. 40 58 N. JONES FALLS, r. Md. passes through the city of Baltimore, and empties into the liarbor. It is 14m. long, and affords many mill-seats. JONES ISLAND, isl. in Hudson s Bav Lon. 63 W. ; lat. 61 52 N. JONESTOWN, t. Lebanon co. Pa. at the junction of the Swetara and Little Swetara 23 m. ENE. from Harrisburg. JONESVILLE, t. Lee co. Va. in Pow^s Valley, 2 or 3 m. from Powell s river, and 70 W. from Abingdon. JONESVILLE, v. Surrey co. N. C. JOPPA, t. Harford co. Md. 20 m. E. by N from Baltimore. JOSEPH S KEY, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 89 30 W.; lat. 30 8 N. JOURDANS, v. Lincoln co. Geo. JOY, v. Kennebeck co. Me. 110 m. N. from Portland. JUAN, St. or Desanuadero, a river of Mex ico, which is the outlet of Lake Nicaragua. It flows, from the SE. corner of the lake, in an E. direction, between the province of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, into the Caribbean Sea. JUAN, St. a town of Mexico, in the province of Nicaragua, situate at the head of the river St. Juan, 110 m. E. of Nicaragua. Lon. 84 45 W.; lat. 11 15 N. JUAN DE FUCA, Strait of, a large bay or Gulf of the Pacific Ocean, on the W. coast of N. America. The entrance is in Ion. 124 55 W. ; lat. 48 25 N. JUAN DE PUERTO RICO, St. island of the W. Indies, 50 m. E. of Hispaniola, and usually called Porto Rico. It is 100 m. long and 50 broad, and belongs to the Spaniards. It is very mountainous, but the valleys are ex- tremely fertile and well watered. It produces sugar, rum, ginger, corn, and fruits, mostly in digenous, but some of them introduced from Spain. Cattle are so plenty, that they are hunted for the skins alone. Here are a great number of uncommon trees, and gold has been found in the N. part of the island. It is sub ject to storms and hurricanes, like the rest of these islands. The capital is of the same name. Lon. 67 4 W.; lat. 18 17 N, JUAN DE PUERTO RICO, St. capital of an island of the same name, with a good har bor, defended by several forts. It is a bishop s see, and seated on the N. coast of the island. Lon. 69 I W. ; lat 18 29 N. JUAN RODRIGUEZ CABRILLO, isl. on the coast of New California. Lon. 120 31 W. ; lat. 34 N. JUAN DE ULUA, isl. on the coast of Mexi co, in the bay of Vera Cruz. A very strong fortress now covers nearly the whole rock, the expense of which is said to have been upwards of eight millions sterling. JUANICO, island, in the Gulf of California. Lon. 107 41 W. ; lat. 21 45 N. JUDITH, Point, the W. point at the en trance of Narraganset Bay, R. I. 9 m. SSW. from Newport. Lon. 71 35< W.; lat. 4P 24 N. JUDITH S RIVER, r. N. America, runs into the Missouri, 2,440 m. from the Mississippi. JULIESTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J. JULIET, mt. II. NW. of the Illinois river, JUNIATTA, navigable r. Pa. formed by 3 304 JUN KEN branches, which rise in the counties of Cam bria, Bedford, and Huntingdon. It has an E. course, and joins the Susquehannah, 11 m. above Harrisburg. JUNIUS, t. Seneca co. N. Y. 25 m. N. from Ovid, 182 WNW. from Albany. Pop. 1,581. JURULLO, a very remarkable volcano of Mexico, in the state of Mechoacan. Lon. from W. 24 10 W. ; lat. 19 9 N. It was formed by an irruption in one night, between Septem ber 28th and 29th, 1759. The irruption was preceded by shocks of earthquakes from the month of July. The conical summit is 524 feet in height K. KAKIAK, v. in Hampstead co. N. Y. KANKAKEE, which rises near the head waters of the St. Joseph s of Michigan, in In diana, and passing into Illinois, unites with the Desplanes, to form the river Illinois. In time of high water, boats pass from the Kankakee to the St. Joseph s. KANSAS, r. Miso. which rises in the plains between the Platte and the Arkansas, and joins the Missouri in lat. 39 5 N. 340 m. above its mouth. It is navigable 900 miles. KASKASKIA, r. II. rising in the E. part of the state near the W. boundary of Indiana, and flowing SW. by comparative courses about 250 m. it falls into the Mississippi about 100 m. above the mouth of the Ohio. KASKASKIA, t. and seat of justice, Ran dolph co. Illinois, situated on an extensive plain, not far from the commencement of the Ameri can Bottom, 1 1 miles from the mouth of the river on which it stands, and 6 miles from the nearest point of the Mississippi. This town was one of the first establishments made by the French in the valley of the Mississippi ; and is a place, whose origin dates further back than that of Philadelphia. It was once of great importance, containing 7,000 inhabitants. At present it numbers 160 houses and 1,000 inhabitants. A more beautiful situation for a town can hardly be imagined. It is in the centre of a gently sloping basin, on a fine nav igable stream, and in the midst of a country proverbial for its fertility. It has a bank, a printing-office, a Catholic church, and a land office. 867m. from W. KATAHDIN, or Ktadne, lofty mountains, Maine, 80 m. N. from Bangor. Their height is not accurately ascertained, but is supposed to exceed that of the White mountains. K A Y ADAROSSORAS, r. Saratoga co. N.Y. which falls into the Saratoga Lake. KAYGERS CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 10 m. above Gallipolis. KEARNSVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. KEARSARGE, mt. N. H. in Sutton, about 25 m. NW. from Concord. KEARSARGE GORE, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 16 m. W. from Concord. KEASLETOWN, t. Rockingham co. Va. KEENE, t. and seat of justice, Cheshire co. N. H. 14 m. SE. from Walpole, and 95 W. from Portsmouth. It is a fine thriving village on Ashutot river. Pop. 2,374. KEENE, Essex co. N. Y. Pop. 787. KEENE, v. Coshoctoncty, Ohio, 97 m. NE. from Columbus. KEENE S MILLS, v. Adams co. Pa. 36m. SW. from Harrisburg. KEENVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. on the road from Easton to the Lehigh Water- Gap, 2 m. from Cherryville. KEESESVILLE, v. Essex co. N. Y. 157 m. N. from Albany. KELLOGGSVILLE, v. Cayuga Co. N.Y between the heads of Owasco and Skeneatele* Lakes, 39 m. NNE. from Ithaca. KELLOGGSVILLE, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 284 m. NE. from Columbus. KELLYVALE, t. Orleans co. Vt. 110 m. NE. from Montpelier. KEMPSV1LLE, t. Princess Anne eov Va. 9 m. SE. from Norfolk. KEMPSVILLE, v. Niagara eo. N. Y. KENDALL, t. Kennebeck eo. Me. KENDALL, v. Stark co. Ohio, 7 m. W. from Canton, and near the eastern side of Tuscarawas river. KENHAWA, Great, r. Va. It rises in Ash co. N. C. and being enlarged by a number of tributary streams, falls into the Ohio at Point Pleasant. Its whole course is about 400 m. and its width at the Ohio about 500 yards. KENHAWA, Little, r. Va. rfees in Lewis co. and falls into the Ohio at Parkersburg, 12 m. below Marietta. KENHAW A T co. Va. bounded SE. byGreen- brier and Giles, SW. by Cabell T NW. by Mason and Wood, and NE. by Lewis and Randolph. It is intersected by Kenhawa and Elk rivers, and drained by their numerous branches. Chief town, Charlestown. Pop. 9,261. KENDRICK S ISLAND, NW. coast of America, forms the W. side of Nootka Sound. KENDUSKEAG, r. Penobscot co. Maine, which flows into the Penobscot at Bangor. KENNEBECASIS, r. N. Brunswick, which runs E. and falls into the river St. John. KENNEBECK, r. which rises in the north ern part of Maine, and falls into the Atlantic Ocean between the bays of Casco and Penob scot. KENNEBECK, co. Maine, bounded by Lin coln SE. and S. Oxford W. Somerset N. Pe. nobscot NE. and Hancock E. Chief towns, HalloweH and Augusta. Pop. in 1820, 42,623; in 1830, 52,491. KENNEBUNK, r. Me. which runs into the Atlantic at Kennebunk. It has a good harbor at its mouth. KENNEBUNK, t. and port of entry, York co. Me. at the mouth of the Kennebunk, 10 m. S. from Saco, 25 SW. from Portland. Pop, 2,233. KENNEDYSVILLE, v. Steuben co. N. Y. KENNEDY S, v. Brunswick co. Va. RENNET S SQUARE, v. Chester co. Pa. KENSINGTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 13 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 717. KENSINGTON, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 13,394. It is a suburb of Philadelphia. KENSINGTON, v. Chatauque co. N-. Y, KENT, co. U. Canada, on Lake Erie, KEN KIN 305 KENT, co. L. Canada, between the rivers Sorel and St. Lawrence. KENT, co. R. I. on the W. side of Narra- ganset Bay, bounded N. by Providence co. S. fay Washington co. and W. by Connecticut. Pop. 12,784. Chief town, Warwick. KENT, t. Litchfield co. Ct on the Housa- tonnuc, 45 m. W. from Hartford. Pop. 2,001. Iron ore is found here 4 and wrought exten sively. KENT, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 20 m. SE. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 1,928. KENT, co. Del. bounded N. by Newcastle eo. E. by Delaware Bay, S. by Sussex co. and W. by Maryland. Pop. 19,911. Chief town, Dover. KENT, co. Md. bounded N. by Cecil co. E. by the state of Delaware, S. by Queen Anne co. and W. by Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 10,502. Chief town, Chestertown. KENT, isl. in Chesapeake Bay, annexed to Queen Anne co. Md. KENTUCKY, state. See page 126. KENTUCKY, r. Kentucky, rises in the highlands in the SE. part of the state, and run ning NW. falls into the Ohio, at Port William, 77 m, above the rapids at Louisville. It is navigable 180 miles, and is 150 yards wide at its mouth. KENTUCKY, Little, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of Ken tucky river. KENTUCKY, Indian, r. In. which runs into the Ohio, nearly opposite the mouth of Kentucky river. KEOWEE, r. U. S. the name of Savannah river above its confluence with the Tugulo. KEROUART ISLETS, small islets on the NW. coast of America, between 51 and 52 N. lat. KERRYSVILLE, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. KERSHAW, district, S. C. on the E. side of the Wateree. Pop. 13,545. Chief town, Camden. KERNESVILLE, V.Northampton co. Penn. 15 m. NW. by W. from Easton. KETCHAM S CORNER, v. Saratoga co. N. Y. 15 m. from Albany. KEWEENA POINT, projects far into the S. side of Lake Superior. KEYSVILLE, v. Charlotte co. Va. on the head waters of Meheim river, 70 m. SW. from Richmond. KEY WEST, small island in the Gulf of Mexico, remarkable as being the most south ern settlement of the U. S. It was used as a naval station, but has been abandoned by our armed vessels. Lat. 24 34 N. ; Ion. from W. 4 38 W. KIAMESHA, r Arkansas, which is formed by the union of three branches^ rising in a ridge of the Mazern mountains. It waters the SW. part of the territory, and joins Red river 900 m. above Natchitoches* KICKABOO, or Red Buck; small r. Illinois, which runs into the Illinois on the N. a little below lake Pioria. KICKAPOOS, Indians, in Illinois. They are scattered along the rivers Wabash, Illinois, 20 arid Mississippi, but their largest settlement is in a prairie 90 m. N. by E. from Vincennes. The number of warriors is about 600. KICKEMUIT, a NW. arm of Mount Hope bay, R. I. 2 m. long and a m. broad. KILDARE, t. Warwick co. L. C. 34 m/ N. from Montreal. KILKENNY, t. Leinster co. L. C. 35 m NW. from Montreal. KILKENNY, t. Coos co. N* II. S m. NE, from Lancaster. Pop. 27. KILKENNY, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. KILLBUCK, r. Ohio, which runs into White- woman s creek, 3 m. above its junction with the Muskingum. KILLINGLY, t. Windham, co. Ct. on the Quincbaug, 25 m. W. from Providence, 45 m. E. from Hartford. Pop. 3,261. It contains several churches. KILLINGWORTH, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, 26 m. E. from New Haven, 38 SE. from Hartford, 26 W. from New London. Pop. 2,483. KILMARNOCK, v. Lancaster co. Va. KIMBERTON, v. Chester co. Pa. KIMBLES, v. Lawrence co. Ohio, 120 m. a little E. of S. from Columbus. KIMBLESVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa. KINCANNON WORKS, v. Surrey co. N.C. 139 m. NW. by W. from Raleigh. KINDERHOOK CREEK, r. N. Y. rises in Berlin, Rensselaer co. and flowing SE. enters the Hudson, at Kinderhook. KINDERHOOK, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on Hudson river, 10 m. above Hudson, 20 below Albany. Pop. 2,706. Here is an academy i KING AND QUEEN, co. Va. on Malta- poony river, which separates it from King William co. Pop. 11,644. Chief town, Dunkirk. KING CREEK, v. Barnwell co. S. C. KINGFIELD, v. Somerset co. Maine, 119 m. N. from Portland. Pop. 554. KING GEORGE, co. Va. between the Po- tomac and Rappahannock rivers. Pop. 3,397. At the court-house is a post-office. KING GEORGE SOUND, the name given by captain Cook, in 1778, to the bay which he discovered on the W. coast of North America, in Ion. 126 48 W. and lat. 49 33 N. but the natives call it Nootka ; the name now gene rally adopted by the English. KING GEORGE THE THIRD S ISL ANDS, group on the W. coast of America, extending from lat. 56 10 to 58 18 N. KINGS, co. New Brunswick, on the river St. John, bounded on the E. by Charlotte co. S. by St. John co. W. by the counties of West moreland and Northumberland, and N. by a line running SE. and NW. from Spoon Island hi St. John river. KING S co. N. Y. comprises the W. end of Long Island, and is bounded E. by Queen s co. Pop. 20,537. Chief town, Flatbush. KING S BAY, bay on the SE. coast of Nova Scotia. K1NGSBOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. N. Y. 50 m. NW. from Albany. KINGSBURY, t. Washington co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 52 m. above Albany. Pop. 2,606. 306 KIN KIR KINGSCLERE, t York co. New Bruns wick, on the W. side of the river St. John, ad joining Frederickton. KINGSEY, t. Buckingham co. L. C. on the river St. Francis, 35 m. S. by E. from Three Rivers. KING S FERRY, v. Monongalia co. Va. KING S FERRY, v. Cayuga co. N. Y. KING S ISLAND, isl. on the NW. coast of America, separated from the continental shore of New Albion, by Bankes canal. Lat. 51 56 to 52^ 26 N. KINGSLAND CREEK, r. Va. which runs into James River. Lon. 77 40 W. ; lat. 37 24 N. KINGSMILL, point, on the NW. coast of America, the SW. point of Prince Frederick s sound. Lon. 225 49 E.; lat. 56 52 N. KING S MOUNTAIN, mt. in the W. part of N. C. 25 m. W. Charlottenburg. ^ . . KINGSPORT, v. Sullivan co. Ten. KINGSTON, s-p. of Jamaica, on the S. Coast of the island, on a bay in which vessels of the largest burden may anchor in safety. It was founded in 1693, after the destruction of Port Royal by an earthquake in the preceding year. It is on a plain, which rises, with a gradual ascent, to the foot of the Liguanea mountains, a distance of about six miles. 10 m. E. from Spanish Town. Lon. 76 33 W. ; lat. 18 N. Pop. 33,000, of which number 10,000 are whites, 18,000 slaves. KINGSTON, t. and cap. of the island of St. Vincent s, in the W. Indies. Lon. 81 W. ; hi. 13^ 6 N. KINGSTON, t. U. C. the largest and most populous of the province. It is advantageously seated at the E. extremity of Lake Ontario. KINGSTON, formerly Esopus, t. and cap. Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 65 m. below Albany, 100 above New York. Pop. 4,170. The village of Kingston is pleasantly situated on Esopus creek, about 3 m. from the Hudson, and 313 m. from W. KINGSTON, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 3 m. NE. from Princeton, 15 SW. from Brunswick. KINGSTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Sus- quehannah, opposite Wilkesbarre. KINGSTON, v. Talbot co. Md. on the E. side of the Choptank, 4 m. below its forks. KINGSTON, t. Somerset co. Md. KINGSTON, t. Georgetown district, S. C. on Waccama river, 40 m. NE. from George town. KINGSTON, t. and cap. Roane co. Ten. at the confluence of Clinch and Holston rivers, 60 m. below Knoxville, and 556 m. from W. KINGSTON, t. Addison co. Vt. 28 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 803. KINGSTON, t Rockingham co. N. H. 21 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 929. KINGSTON, East , t. Rockingham co. N. H. 21 m. SW. from Portsmouth. KINGSTON, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 4 m. NW. from Plymouth, 32 SSE. from Boston, from W. 458. Pop. 1,322. This town has some trade in the fisheries, and contains 2 cot ton manufactories, and eorne manufactures of iron. KINGSTON, t. and cap. Kings co. New Brunswick, on Kennebecasis bay, KINGSTON, North, t. Washington co. R. I. on W. side of Narraganset Bay ; 12 m, NW. from Newport. Pop. 3,036. KINGSTON, South, or Tower Hill, t. and cap. Washington co. R. I. on the W. side of Narraganset Bay; 11 m. W. from Newport, Pop. 3,663. KINGSTON, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on the head waters of Alum and Big Walnut creeks, and immediately N. of Sunbury. Pop. 582. KINGSTON, small town situated on the line, but within the co. of Ross, Ohio, 10 m. N from Chillicothe. KINGSTON, v. Morgan co. Geo. 33 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. KINGSVILLE, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, 10 m. NE. from Jefferson. Pop, 1,038, KING-TREE, v. Williamsburg district, S. C. on Black river, about 65 m. N. from Charleston. KING WILLIAM, co. Va. between Matta- pony and Pamunky rivers and extends east ward to where those rivers unite, and form York river, and bounded NW. by Caroline co, Pop. 1820, 9,697 ; in 1830, 9,812. KING WILLIAM COURT-HOUSE, v. and seat of justice, King William co. Va. 35 m. NE. from Richmond. KING WOOD, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on the E. side of the Delaware. Pop. 2,898. KINGWOOD, v. Monongalia co. Va. KINGWOOD, v. Preston co. Va. near Cheat river, 20 m. SE. from Morgantown. KINIESNICK, v. Lewis co. Ken. NNE, from Frankfort. KINNIKINNICK, r. Ohio, which runs SW into the Scioto, 7 m. above Chillicothe. KINOGAM, r. Canada, which runs from Lake Wickwa to the river Saguenay. Lon., 71 31 W.; lat. 48 34 N. KINSALE, v. Westmoreland co. Va. situa ted on the SW. side of the river Potomac, near the Chesapeake Bay. KINSMAN, NE. t. of Trumbull co. Ohio Pop. 720. KINSMAN S MOUNTAIN, mt. in Liu. coin, N. H. KINSTON, t. Lenoir co. N. C. on the left bank of Neuse river, 40 m. above Newbern. KINZUA, v. Warren co. Pa. 352 m. NW from Harrisburg. KIP S BAY, a bend in East river, N. Y. in New York co. 3 m. NE. of the city. The New York Penitentiary and Alms House are situated here. KIRBY, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 15 m. NE. from Danville. KIRK S MILLS, v. Lancaster co. Pa. KIRKSEY CROSS-ROADS, v. Edgefield district, S. C. 65 m. westerly from Raleigh. KIRKSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 151 m. SW. from Raleigh. KIRKVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. KIRKWOOD, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop, 2,205. KIR-LAC 807 KIRTLAND, t Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 1,010. KISHTAC, isl. on the NW. coast of Ameri ca, E. of Foggy Cape, on the SE. side of the peninsula of Alaska, and opposite the mouth of Cook s river. KISKIMINITAS, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. KISKIMINITAS, r. a branch of the Alle ghany in Pa. KITE S MILLS, v. Rockingham co. Va. KITLEY, t. Leeds co. U. C. KITTANNING, v. and seat of justice, Armstrong co. Pa. on the E. side of Alleghany river, 40 m. NE. from Pittsburg, 215 from W. Pop. 1,620. KITTATINNY MOUNTAINS, a ridge of the Alleghany mountains, which runs through the N. parts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. KITTERY, t York co. Me. at the mouth of the Piscataqua, opposite Portsmouth, N. H. 5 m. SW. from York. Pop. 2,022. KLINGEISTOWN, v. SchuylkiU co. Pa. KNAPPSBURG, v. Oxford township, Che- nango co. N. Y. KNIFE RIVER, r. Missouri Territory, which joins the river Missouri on the S. at the Mandan villages. KNIGHT S CANAL, inlet, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 50 45 N. KNIGHT S ISLAND, isl. in Behring s Bay, separated from the continent of America by a narrow channel. KNIGHT S ISLAND, small island in Hud- son s Bay. Lon. 93 30 W. ; lat. 61 50 N. KNOT S ISLAND, v. Currituck co. N. C. KNOWLTON, t. Warren co. N. J. on Del aware river. Pop. 2,827. KNOWLTON MILLS, v. Sussex co. N. J. KNOX, t Hancock co. Me. 28 m. NW. from Castine. KNOX, v. Albany co. N. Y. 21 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 2,186. KNOX, co. Ohio, bounded by Richland N. Coshocton E. Licking S. Delaware W. and Marion NW. Chief town, Mount Vernon. Pop. in 1820, 8,326 ; in 1830, 17,124. KNOX, co. Ken. bounded SE. by Harlan, SW. by Whitely, NW. by Rockcastle, and NE. by Clay. Chief town, Barbourville, is about 125 m. SSE. from Frankfort. Pop. 4,321. KNOX, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. KNOX, co. E. Ten. bounded by Sevier SE. Blount S. Roane W. Anderson NW. and Grainger and Jefferson NE. Holston and Clinch rivers unite at Knoxville. Chief town, Knoxville. Pop. 14,498. KNOX, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,288. KNOX, NE. t. Jefferson co. Ohio. KNOX, co. In. between White and Wabash rivers, bounded by Kaskaskia, or Pike and Gibson cos. S. Wabash river W. Sullivan N. and Davies E. Soil generally fertile. Chief town, Vincennes. Pop. 6,557. KNOXVILLE, t. and seat of justice, Knox co. Ten. on the right bank of Holston river, 22 m. above its junction with the Tennessee, about 200 m. E. from Nashville. Lat. 35 50 N. There is a college here, but it is yet in in. fancy. KNOXVILLE, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 12 m. NW. from Steubenville. KNOXVILLE, v. Crawford co. Geo. KODIAK, an entensive group of islands on the W. coast of N. America, about 50 m. from the entrance into Cook s inlet, extending about 130 m. from SW. to NE. Lon. 206 12 to 208 45 E. ; lat. 56 45 to 58 28 N. KOOSKOOSKEE, r. Oregon Territory, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, and joins Lewis river, between Ion. 117 and 118 W. and between lat. 46 and 47 N. KONIAUT, Big, lake, Erie co. Pa. W. of Le Boeuf. KONIAUT, Little, lake, Crawford co. Pa. 8 m. W. from Meadville. Three miles long, and 1 broad. KORTRIGHT, t. Delaware co. N.Y. 10 m. N. from Delhi, 62 SW. from Albany. Pop. 2,873. KREIDERSVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. LABAR S, v. Pike co. Pa. LABEESH, r. U. States, which receives the waters of a lake of the same name, and flows into Cassina Lake. A little distance from the lake are the head-waters of Red river which flows into Hudson Bay. LABRADOR. See p. 167. LACADIE, t. L. C. 53 m. N. from Platts. burg, Va. LAC AU SABLE, lake, NW. Territory, between Lake Superior and the Mississippi 600 m. above the mouth of St. Peter s river Until 1816, the principal station of the British NW. Fur Company was on this lake. The station is now occupied by the American NW. Company. LAC DES DEUX MONT AGNES, Seig niory, York co. L. C. on the N. side of Ottawa river, 25 m. W. from Montreal. LACHENAYE, Seigniory, Leinster co. L. C. on the river St. Jean, 13 m. N. from Montreal. LACHAWAIIANOCK, valley, Luzerne co. Pa. extends from the mouth of Lachawahan- ock creek, up the same, about 30 m. This, next to Wyoming valley, is the most populous in the county. LACHEVROTIERE, Seigniory, Hamp shire co. L. C. on the N. side of the St. Law rence, 38 m. W. from Quebec. LACHINE, v. on Montreal Island, L. C. 7 m. above the city of Montreal. The Rapid of St. Louis prevents vessels ascending from Montreal, so that all the commerce with the NW. country centres at Lachine. LACKAWAXEN, river of Pa. which falls into the Delaware, in Pike co. 174 m. above Philadelphia. LACKAWAXEN, t. Pike co. Pa, Pop. 283. LAC METASIEDIACH, Seigniory, C<oru wallis co. L. C 308 LAC LAN LAC METIS, Seigniory, Cormvallis co. L.C. LACONIA, v. Harrison co. In. 120 m. S. from Indianapolis. LA DANTRE, Seigniory, Warwick co. L. C. on the left bank of St. Lawrence river, a short distance above the mouth of Richelieu river. LADY WASHINGTON, v. Montgomery co. Pa. LA FARGEVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 174 m. NW. from Albany. LADY S ISLAND, small island off the coast of S. C. near Port Royal. LAFAYETTE, a parish of La. Pop. 5,606. Vermilionville is the capital. LA FEVE, r. Arkansas, which rises in the mountains, in which the Poteau and Petit John have their source, and flowing E. joins the Arkansas below Cadron. It is said to be navi gable 200 m. LA FEVRE, r. Illinois, which runs into the Mississippi, 75 m. below Prairie du Chein, 21 below Dubuque s lead mines. Lead ore is found on its banks 10 m. from the mouth. LAFOURCHE, or Chetimaches, r. La. an outlet of the Mississippi. It leaves the main stream at Donaldson, about 90 m. above New Orleans. Its length is about 45 m. LAFOURCHE, co. La. Pop. 5,500. Thi- badeauville is the capital. LAFOURCHE, t. Arcadia co. La. 75 m. NW. from New Orleans. LAGIDA, r. Cuba, which runs into the sea at the Havana. LAGOS, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 60 m. NE. from Guadalaxara. Lon. 101 32 W. Jat. 21 27 N, LAIRDSVILLE, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 108 m. NW. by W. from Albany, and 12 from Utica. LAKE, t. in the N. part of Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,266. LAKE, SW. t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 552 LAKE, t, Logan co, Ohio, Pop. 864. LAKE, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 480. LAKE LANDING, v. Hyde co. N. C. 213 m. a little S. of E. from Raleigh. LAKE MASKINONGE, Seigniory, St Maurice co. L. C. on St. Lawrence above Maskinonge river. LAKE OF THE WOODS, lake, between Lake Superior and Lake Winnipec, discharg ing by Winnipec river into the lake of the same name. LAKE PLEASANT, t. Hamilton co. N. Y Pop. 266. LAKE RIVER, r. America, which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 95 W.; lat. 46 30 N. LAKE RIVER, Little, r. which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 94 23 W.; lat. 45 36 N. LAMARCHE, r. II. which runs into Illi nois river from the NW. LA MARTINIERE, fief, Hertford co. L.C on the S. side of the St Lawrence, 6 m. E from Quebec. LAMBERTSVILLE, v. on the Delawar river, opposite New Hope, Pa. 16m. NW. from Trenton. LAMINE, t. Cooper co. Miso. LAMOIL, r. Vt. which rises S. of Lake Memphremagog, and running W. falls into Lake Champlain, in Colchester, 5 m. N. of the mouth of Onion river, 10 m. N. from Bur- ngton. LAMOTTE, lead mine, Miso. a few miles N. of St. Michael s. LAMPETER, t. and v. Lancaster co. Pa. on Mill creek, 5 m. E. from Lancaster. Pop, 3,174. LAMPREY, r. Rockingham co. N. H. Lamprey river falls into Great Bay. LANCASTER, t. and cap. Coos co. N. H on both sides of Israel s creek, a mile from Connecticut river. It contains a court-house, jail, and several mills. It is 40 m. above Dart mouth College, 131 NW. from Portsmouth, 558 from W. Pop. 1,1 87. LANCASTER, t. Worcester co. Mass, on a branch of Nashua river, 14 m. NE. from Worcester, 35 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 2,016. Here is a valuable quarry of slate. Lancaster is a good agricultural town, and has an extensive cotton factory. LANCASTER, co. in the SE. part of Pa. bounded N. by Dauphin, Lebanon, and Berks, E. by Chester, S. by Maryland, and W. by the Susquehannah river, which separates it from York co. Pop. in 1820, 68,336; in 1830, 76,558. It is the most populous county in the state, except Philadelphia, and one of the first in point of soil, wealth, and agricultural im provements. It is watered by the Conestoga and its branches, Pecqua and Chicques creeks, which afford a large number of the first-rate mill-seats in the country, many of which are already occupied. It contains at this time, 7 furnaces, 14 forges, 180 distilleries, 45 tan T yards, 22 fulling-mills, 164 grist-mills, 87 saw mills, 9 breweries, 8 hemp-mills, 5 oil-mills, 5 clover-mills, 3 factories, 3 potteries, 6 carding- machines, 3 paper-mills, 2 snuff-mills, 7 tilt- hammers, and 6 rolling-mills. Chief town, Lancaster. LANCASTER, t. and cap. Lancaster co. Pa. is pleasantly situated on the side of a hiD, 1 m. W. of Conestoga creek, which falls into the Susquehannah 9 m. below. 35 m. ESE* from Harrisburg, 22 ENE. from York, 62 W. from Philadelphia, and 109 from W. Lat. 40 3 N. ; long. 76 20 W. It contains a court house, market-house, jail, a large Lancasterian school, an academy, and several houses of pub lic worship, for German Lutherans, German Calvinists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Ro man Catholics, Moravians, Friends, and Me thodists. Many of the inhabitants speak the German language, The surrounding country is fertile and highly cultivated. The town contains numerous manufactories, and carries on considerable trade. Pop. 7,683. LANCASTER, co. Va. on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay, bounded S. by the Ra hannock, 108 m. N. from Norfolk. ~ of whom 2,631 are slaves, is a post-office, Pop. 4,800, At the court-houso LAN- LANCASTER, district, s. c. Pop. 10,361. At the court-house is a post-office. LANCASTER, t. and cap. Garrard co. Ken. 29 m. S. from Lexington. LANCASTER, t. and cap. Fairfield co. Ohio, 28 m. SE. from Columbus, 34 NE. from Chillicothe. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, 2 printing-offices, and a church. LANCE LA GRACE, t. La. 75 m. SSW. from New Madrid. Lon. 90 27 W. ; lat. 35 25 N. LANCE POINT, the S. point of Newfound land, at the SW. extremity of St. Mary s Bay. LANDAFF, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the E. side of Connecticut river, between Bath and Haverhill. Pop. 951. LANDGROVE, t. Bennington co. Vt about 35 m. NE. from Bennington. LANDGUARD, or Pointe aux Pins, north side of Lake Erie. This point is about 20 m. E. of the S. Foreland, and bears the only pine timber on this coast. LANDISBURG, v. Perry co. Pa. oh a small branch of Shareman s creek, 30 m. NW. from Harrisburg, and 18 NNW. from Carlisle. LANDSFORD, v. Chester district, S. C. 92 m. N. from Columbia. LANESBOROUGH, t. Berkshire co. Mass. It is situated in the NW. part of the state, joining to N. Y. Pop. 1,192. LANESVILLE, v. Susquehannah co. Pa. LANESVILLE, v. King William co. Va. LANGDON, t. Sullivan co. N. H. on Con necticut river, 40 m. W. from Concord. Pop. 667. LANGHORN S TAVERN, v. Cumberland co. Va. 60 m. from Richmond. LANIER, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,535. LANSINGBURG, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on the E. side of Hudson river, near its junc tion with the Mohawk river, about 4 m. above Troy, and 9 above Albany. Sloops of small draught ascend thus high. Pop. 2,663. LANSING, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. Pop. 4,020. LAO, t. Cuba, 25 m. W. from Havana. LA PETITE NATION, York co. L. C. on the Ottawa river, about 70 m. W. from Montreal. LA PETITE RIVIERE, parish, in Cote de Beaupre Seigniory, L. C on the St. Law rence, 34 m. NE. from Quebec. LAPRAIRIE, Seigniory, Huntingdon co. L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the Sorel, opposite Montreal. The tillage of Laprairie, or La Nativite, contains above 100 houses, and is very flourishing, be ing situated on the main road from Montreal into the United States. LA PROA, point, New Brunswick, half way between Eastport and St. John. L ARBRE CROCHE, Indian village, in Michigan, on the W. side of the peninsula, near its N. extremity, 40 m. from Michilli- mackinack. LARGA, small isl. in the Florida stream. Lon. 82 25 W. ; lat. 24 36 N. LARGA PUNTA, or Punta de Asies, cape 309 on the W. coast of Florida. Lon. 82 5 W. lat. 25 45 N. LARK S POINT, cape, Lower Canada, in the river St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Sague- nay river. LA SALLE, Seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower Canada, 12 m. S. from Montreal. LAS CHIAPAS, a state of Mexico. It is an interior country bounded by Guatemala SW. Tabasco NW. and N. Yucatan E. and Vera Paz SE. Chief city, Chiapa Real. LASSELSVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N.Y. 10 m. W. from Johnstown. L ASSUMPTION, Seigniory, Leinster co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Law rence, 16 m. N. from Montreal. LA TESSAIRE, fief, Hampshire co. L. C. on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 40 m. W. from Quebec. LATIMORE, t. Adams co. Pa. LA TRAIN, r. NW. Territory, which runs into Lake Superior, and is 25 yards wide at its mouth. LAUDERDALE, co. Alabama, on the N. side of Tennessee river. Pop. 11,782. Flor ence is the capital. LAUGHLINGTON, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. LAUREL, v. Sussex co. Del. on Broad creek, a branch of Nanticoke, 35 m. SE. from Easton in Maryland. LAUREL HILL, Richmond co. N. C. 100 m. SW. from Raleigh. LAUREL MOUNTAINS. In general terms, this range includes the extreme NW. ridges of the Appalachian chain, and reaches from the central parts of Pennsylvania to Ala bama, under various local names. It is pierced by the eastern branches of Monongahela, by the Great Kenhawa, and Tennessee rivers. LAURENCEBURG, v. Armstrong co. Pa. LAURENCEBURG, v. Dearborn co. In. LAURENCEBURG, v. Franklin co. Ken. 10 m. S. from Frankfort. LAURENCEBURG, v. Laurence co. Ten. LAURENS, t. Tioga co. Pa. LAURENS, t Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. SW. from Cooperstown, 78 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,231. LAURENS, district, S. C. between Enoree and Saluda rivers. Pop. 20,863. LAURENS, co. Geo. on the Oconee. Pop, 5,578. Chief town, Dublin. LAURENSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Laurens district, S. C. 80 m. NW. from Co- lumbia. LAUR1TON, v. Marlborough co. S. C. LAUSANNE, t. Northampton co. Pa. on the Lehigh. Pop. 509. LAUZON, Seigniory, Dorchester co. L. (X on the river St. Lawrence, at the confluence of the Chaudiere, 2 m. S. from Quebec. LAVALTRIE, Seigniory, Warwick co. L. C. on the St. Lawrence, 30 m. NE. from Montreal. LA VINA POINT, cape, on the NW. coast of America. LAWAHANNOCK, r. Pa. which joins the 310 LAW LEB E. branch of the Susquehannah at Pitlstown, ]2 m. above Wilkesbarre. LAWRENCE, co. Ken. Pop. 3,897. Lou isa is the capital. LAWRENCE, co. II. Pop. 3,661. Law- renceville is the capital. LAWRENCE, southern co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Jackson, E. by Gallia, S. by the Ohio river, and W. by Scioto co. Pop. 1820, 3,499; in 1830, 5,366. Seat of justice, Bur- lington. LAWRENCE, t. in the W. border of Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,108. LAWRENCE, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 602. LAWRENCE, t Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 413. LAWRENCE, co. In. bounded by Orange S. Owen and Martin W. Monroe N. Jackson E. and Washington SE. ; length 21 m. width 18. Pop. in 1820, 4,116; in 1830, 9,237. Chief town, Bedford. LAWRENCE, co. W. Ten. bounded by Ala- bama S. Wayne W. Hickman N. and Giles E. ; .ength 26 m. width 22. Pop. in 1820, 3,271 in 1830, 5,412. Chief town, Lawrenceburg. LAWRENCE, co. Arkansas, on White r. Pop. 5,806. Chief town, Jackson. LAWRENCE, co. Mis. bounded NW. and N. by the lately ceded Choctaw territory, E by Covington, S. by Marion and Pike, and W. by Franklin ; length 60 m. mean width 21. The general surface is covered with fine tim ber. Chief staples, cotton. Pop. 5,321. Mon- ticello is the capital. LAWRENCE, v. and seat of justice, Law- rence co. Ark. on Black river, about 50 m. above its confluence with White river. LAWRENCE, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. LAWRENCE, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. Pop. 1,434. LAWRENCE, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 683. LAWRENCE, co. Alabama, on the S. side of Tennessee river. Pop. 14,984. Chief town, Moulton. LAWRENCE, St. a large r. of N. America, proceeding from Lake Ontario, from which it runs 700 m. to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in the Atlantic. Its mouth is 100 m. wide ; and it is navigable for ships of war as far as Que bec, which is 360 m. and vessels from Europe ascend to Montreal, which is 180 m. further In its course it forms a great variety of bays harbors, and islands, many of which are fruit ful and extremely pleasant. LAWRENCE, St. Gulf of, is formed be tween the W. part of Newfoundland, the E. shores of Labrador, the E. extremity of the province of New Brunswick, part of the prov ince of Nova Scotia, and the island of Cape Breton. It communicates with the Atlantic Ocean by three different passages. LAWRENCEBURG, t. Armstrong co. Pa. LAWRENCEBURG, t Butler co. Pa. LAWRENCEBURG, t. and cap. Dearborn co. In. on the Ohio, 2 m. below the mouth of the Miami river, 28 from Cincinnati. LAWRENCE S, v. Southampton co. Va. LAWRENCE S MILLS, v. Clinton co. N.Y. >y postroad 177 m. from Albany. LAWRENCEVILLE, v. Tioga co. Pa. by xistroad 149 m. NNW. from Harrisburg. LAWRENCEVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. C. 109 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. LAWRENCEVILLE, v. Gwinnett co. Geo. 133 m. NW. from Milledgeville. LAWRENCEVILLE, t. Alleghany co. Pa, 2 or 3 m. from Pittsburg. LAWRENCEVILLE, v.Nansemond co. Va. LAWRENCEVILLE, t. Madison co. Ohio, on the road from Columbus to Springfield. LAWRENCEVILLE, t. Lawrence co. II. LAWSVILLE, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. N. from Montrose. LAWYERSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N.Y. LAYTONS, v. Essex co. Va. LEACOCK, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 9 m. E. from Lancaster. LEADING CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 17 m. above Gallipolis. LEADSVILLE, v. Randolph co. Va. LEAF RIVER, r. Mississippi, which joins the Chickasaw, 8 m. below the parallel of 31 N. lat. to form the Pascagoula. LEAF RIVER, v. Green co. Missouri. LEAKSVILLE, t. Rockingham co. N.C. LEA S, v. Granger co. Ten. LEASBURG, t. Caswell co. N. C. 80 m. E. from Bethany. LEATHERWOOD S STORE, v. Henry co. Va. LEAVENWORTH, v. Crawford co. In. on the Ohio river. LEBANON, t. Lawrence co. Arkansas. LEBANON, t. York co. Me. on the E. side of Salmonfall river, about 20 m. NW. of Ports mouth in N. H. Pop. 2,391. LEBANON, t. Grafton co. N, H. on Con necticut river, opposite the mouth of White river, 4 m. below Dartmouth college. A min eral spring has lately been discovered here, the waters of which are efficacious in curing rheu matism and cutaneous disorders. Pop. 1,86*8. LEBANON, t. New London co. Ct. 9 m. NW. from Norwich, 30 SE. from Hartford. Pop. 2,552. It is an excellent agricultural township. It contains four churches, and an academy. LEBANON, t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 m. SW. from Utica, 115 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,249. LEBANON, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. LEBANON, co. Pa. bounded by Lancaster SE. Dauphin SW. and NW. and Berks NE. ; length 17 m. width 17. Its NW. boundary is the Blue Mountain, or Kittatinny Ridge. Sta ples, grain, floux, whisky and iron. Chief town, Lebanon. Pop. 1820, 16,988 ; in 1830 20,546. LEBANON, v. Russell co. Va. 358 m. a little S. of W. from Richmond. LEBANON, v. Washington co. Geo. LEBANON, t. and cap. Wilson co. Ten. 25 m. E. from Nashville. In the vicinity is an academy. LEBANON, t. Washington co. Ken. LEB LEN 811 LEBANON, bor. and cap. Lebanon co. Pa. on Quitapahilla creek, 25 m. E. from Harris- burg, and 82 WNW. from Philadelphia. Pop. 3,555. The Schuylkill and Susquehannah rivers are connected at this place, by a canal between the Quitapahilla and the Tulpehocken, a branch of Schuylkill river. LEBANON, t and cap. Warren co. Ohio, 25 m. S. from Dayton, 80 SW. from Colum bus, 18 E. from Hamilton, 34 N. from Cincin nati. It contains a court-house and jail, and 2 churches, a bank, 2 market-houses, a print- infir-office, and a public library. Pop. 1,157. Lon. 84 T W. ; lat. 39 25 N. LEBANON, t Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 253. LEBANON, v. St. Clair co. II. 55 m. SW. from Vandalia. LEBOEUF, t Erie co. Pa. LEE, t. Hancock co. Me. 25 m. NW. from Castine. LEE, t. Strafford co. N. H. 13 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,009. LEE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 5 m. SE. from Lenox, 140 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,825. It is watered by the Housatonnuc. LEE, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 8 m. NW. from Rome. Pop. 2,514. LEE, Fort, Bergen co. N. J. on the Hudson, 9 m. above Bergen. LEE, co. in the SW. corner of Va. Pop. 6,461. Chief town, Jonesville. LEE, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 418. LEECH LAKE, Miso. 12 m. long ; on the W. side is a fort in lat. 47 16 13" N. Leech river, which is the outlet of the lake, forms the SW. branch of the Mississippi, and unites with the main branch, 35 m. below Little Winnipec Lake. LEEDS, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 37 m. S. from Quebec. LEEDS, co. U. C. on the St. Lawrence. LEEDS, t and port of entry, Leeds co. U.C on the St. Lawrence. It is watered by Gana- noque river, which has a good harbor. LEEDS, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on the An- droscoggin river, 20 m. SW. from Augusta Pop. 1,685. LEEDS, t. Gloucester co. N. J. on the At lantic, 4 m. W. from the mouth of Mulicus river. LEEDS, or Leedstown, t. Westmoreland co. Va. 14 m. E. from Port Royal, 40 SE. from Fredericksburg, 70 NE. from Richmond. Near this place is a famous course for horse-racing LEESBURG, v. and seat of justice, Loudon co. Va. The neighborhood is apparently of soil, and well cultivated. LEESBURG, t. Harrison co. Kent, 10 m NW. from Paris, and 22 NE. from Frankfort Pop. 138. LEESBURG, v. Washington co. Term about 80 m. NE. by E. from Knoxville. LEESBURG, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop 225. LEESBURG, v. Champaign co. Ohio. LEESBURG, t Highland co. Ohio, 31 m W. from Chillicothe. Pop. 218. LEESVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 52 m westerly from Albany. LEESVILLE, v. Campbell co. Va. 165 m. SW. by W. from Richmond. LEESVILLE, v. Lexington district S. C. 30 m. from Columbia. LEESVILLE, v. Lawrence co. In. 76 m. 3SW. from Indianapolis. LEE S ISLAND, small isl. Va. in the Po tomac, 2 m. SE. from Thorpe. It belongs to Fairfax co. LEE S MILLS, v. Washington co. N. C. LEETOWN, v. Jefferson co. Va. 84 m. NW. from W. LEHIGH, co. Pa. on Lehigh river, inclosed by the counties of Northampton, Bucks, Mont- gomery, Berks, and Schuylkill. Pop. 22,266. Allentown is the capital. LEHIGH, t Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,659. LEHIGH, r. Pa. which runs into the Dela ware at Easton, after a course of 75 m. It is navigable, by means of canals, to the coal-mines. LEHIGHTON, v. Northampton co. Pa. on the Lehigh river. LEHIGH GAP, v. Northampton co. Pa. LEICESTER, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 42 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 638. LEICESTER, t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. W. from Worcester, 46 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,782. It contains an academy, and sev eral houses for public worship. The academy was incorporated in 1784, and is well endowed. It has usually about 100 students. Wool-cards are manufactured in this town to a large amount. LEICESTER, t. Livingston co. N. Y. on Genessee river, 21 m. SE. from Batavia, 240 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,042. It has 2 vil lages, Moscow and Mount Morris, and 3 Pres- byterian churches. LEINSTER, co. L.C. on the N. side of the St. Lawrence. LEMINGTON, t. Essex co. Vt on Con- necticut river, 64 m. NE. from Montpeliet Pop. 182. LEMON, t. Butler co. Ohio, on Miami river. Pop. 3,023. LEMPSTER, t. Sullivan co. N. H.40 m. W. from Concord. Pop. 999. LENAWEE, co. Michigan. Pop. 1,591 Tecumseh is the capital. LENOIR, co. N. C. bounded by Jones SE. Dublin SW. Wayne W. Greene N. and Cra ven NE. Length 20, width 16 m. Chief town Kingston, stands on the N. bank of the Neuse river, above 50 m, by water above Newborn Pop. 7,935. LENOIR S, v. Roane co. Ten. E. from Mur freesborough. LENOX, t. Madison co. N. Y. on Oneida Lake, and Erie canal, about 28 m. W. from Utica. Pop. 5,039. LENOX, t. and seat of justice, Berkshire co. Mass, half way between Pittsfield and Stockbridge, and about 20 m. E. of Hudson river, 133 m. from Boston, and 363 from W. In addition to the ordinary co. buildings, this town contains an academy, and foundery for casting hollow iron ware. Pop. 1,355. Lat. 42 21 ; Ion. 3 53 E. from W. j 312 LEN LEW LENOX-CASTLE, t. Rockingham co. N. C. 16 m E. from Germantown, and 10 SW. from Danville. LENOXVILLE, t. and s-p. Carteret co. N. C. to the N. from Beaufort, and on a small creek or bay communicating with Core Sound, 3 m. W. from Beaufort. LEOGANE, t. on the W. coast of St. Do mingo, 9 leagues W. by S. Port-au-Prince. Lon. 72 37 W.; lat. 28 30 N. LEOGANE, Bay of, called also Bight of Leogane, at the W. end of the island of St. Domingo. It opens between Cape St. Nicholas and Cape Dame Marie, 45 leagues apart. LEOMINSTER, t. Worcester co. Mass. 20 m. N. from Worcester. Pop. 1,861. It is on Nashua river, and has numerous mills and manufactures. LEON, t Mexico, in Guanaxuato, 40 m. NW. from Guanaxuato. Lon. 272 10 E. ; lat 20 18 N. LEON, a city of Guatemala, capital of the province of Nicaragua. In the vicinity is a mountain with a volcano, which sometimes oc casions earthquakes. It is a commercial place, seated near the NW. extremity of the lake Nicaragua, 30 m. from the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 8720 W.; lat. 12 30 N. LEON, New, a province in the S. part of New Mexico, having the gulf of Mexico on the E. Panuco on the S. and New Biscay on the W. It is little known. LEONARDSTOWN, v. in St. Mary s co. Md. situated on the N. side of Potomac river, 33 m. SE. of Port Tobacco, and 68 S. by E. of W. LEONARDSVILLE, v. Madison Co. N. Y. 95 m. NW. by W. from Albany. LEPAGE, Seigniory, Cornwallis co. L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence. LERMA, t. Mexico, 9 leagues WSW. from Lon. 99 21 W. ; lat. 19 16 N. LEROY, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 10 m. E. from Batavia, 38 W. from Canandaigua. It contains a handsome village, with a Presbyte rian church. Pop. 3,909. LEROYSVILLE, t Jefferson co. N. Y. LET ART, t Meigs co. Ohio. LET ART S RAPIDS, in Ohio river, 25 m. below Shade river. LETTERKENNY t. Franklin co. Pa, LE VANA, t. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 2 m. below Ripley. It contains a printing- office. LEVANT, t. Penobscot co. Me. 10 m. NW. from Bangor. Pop. 747. LEVENWORTH, t. Crawford co. In. on the Ohio, at the horse-shoe bend, 12 m. W. from Corydon, 30 SW. from Salem, 25 S. from Paoli. LEVERETT, t. Franklin co. Mass. 10 m. FE. from Greenfield. Pop. 939. LEVESTON S, v. Franklin co. In. LEVI POINT, point, L. C. on the St. Law rence, opposite Quebec. LEWIS* CREEK, r, Vt. which runs into Lake Champlain, at Ferrisburg. LEVJ, Isle du Fort, in the river St. Law rence, in front of the township of Edwards- burgh, U. C. It lies about 5 m. below Ogdciw- burg. LEWIS, t. Essex co. Vt. 60 m. NE. from Montpelier. LEWIS, co. N. Y. bounded by Oneida S, Oswego SW. Jefferson NW. St. Lawrence NE. and Herkimer E, Length 50 m. mean width 30 ; soil productive in grain and pastur age. Chief town, Martinsburg. Pop. in 1820, 9,227 ; in 1830, 14,958. LEWIS, t. Essex co. N. Y. 6 m. N. from Elizabethtown. Pop. 1,305. LEWIS, co. Va. bounded by Nicholas S.Ken- hawa SW. Wood NW. Harrison N. and Ran dolph E. Length 45 m. mean width 32 ; soil generally rather barren. Chief town, West- town. Pop. 6,241. LEWIS, t. situated on the Ohio river, Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 2,022. LEWIS, co. Ken. on Ohio river, bounded by Fleming SW. Mason W. Ohio river N. and Greene E. and NE. Length 28 m. mean width 14 ; soil productive. Chief town, Clarksburg. Pop. 5,206. LEWIS, C. H. v. Lewis co. Ken. 103 m, NE. by E. from Frankfort. LEWIS BAY, harbor of Yarmouth, Barn- stable co. Mass, on the S. shore of Cape Cod. LEWISBERRY, v. York co. Pa. LEWISBURG, v. Preble co. Ohio, 81 m SW. by W. from Columbus. LEWISBURG, v. Union co.Pa. on the Sus- quehannah river, 7 m. above Northumberland. LEWISBURG, t. and seat of justice, Green- brier co. Va. 60 m. W. from Lexington, Rockbridge co. LEWISBURG, t. Muhlenburg co. Ken. on Green river, 40 m. SE. from Russellville. LEWIS RIVER, r. of the Columbia valley. It is the main middle fork of Columbia, rises about 30 W. from W. ; lat. 40 N. and flow ing NW. 900 m. joins Clark s river, and forms the Columbia. LEWIS STORE, v. Spottsylvania co. Va. 90 m. SSE. from Richmond. LEWISTON, t. Lincoln co. Me. on the E. side of Androscoggin, 13 m. above its junction with the Kennebeck. Pop. 1,549. LEWISTON, v. Niagara co. N. Y. on Ni agara river, opposite to Queenstown, in U. C. Lewiston stands at the head of ship naviga tion from Lake Erie. Steam-boats ply regu- laxly from that place to Sacket s Harbor. Above Lewiston to navigable water, above the Falls of Niagara, is about 8 m. Pop. in 1820, 869 ; in 1830, 1,528. LEWISTON, v. Montgomery co. Miso. 50 m. westerly from St. Louis. LEWISTOWN, v. and seat of justice, Sus sex co. Del. on Lewis creek, about 3 m. from the light-house at Cape Henlopen. It supports a small coasting trade. It is about 113 m. & of Philadelphia. LEWISTOWN, v. and seat of justice, Mif- flin co. Pa. on the N. side of Juniatta river, 55 m. NW. of Harrisburg, and 162 of Philadel phia. Pop. 1,479. LEWISVILLE, v. Brunswick co. Va. about 70 m. S. from Richmond. LEW LEX 313 LE WISVILLE, v. Chester district, S. C. 72 m. N. from Columbia. LEWISVILLE, v. Blount co. Ten, 170 m. E. from Murfreesborough. LEXINGTON t. Middlesex co. Mass. 11 m. NW. from Boston. In this town, April 19th, 1775, the first blood was shed in that revolu tion which produced this flourishing republic. A monument has been erected on the green at Lexington in commemoration of this event. Pop. 1,541 LEXINGTON, t Greene co. N. Y. Pop. 2,24S, LEXINGTON, v. Erie co. Pa. LEXINGTON, t. and capital of Rockbridge, co. Va. about 150 m- W. of Richmond. It stands about half a mile S. of the N. branch of James river. Washington college was en dowed by the illustrious man whose name it bears, with 100 shares of the James river com pany stock, which produce an annual income of $2,400. It has a library, and philosophical apparatus. The faculty are, a president, two professors, and a tutor. Commencement is in April. Here is likewise an institution for the education of young ladies, having a large and handsome edifice, and teachers in all the branches of education commonly taught in such schools. LEXINGTON, v. Rowan co. N. C. on a branch of the Yadkin, 136 m. W. from Ra leigh. LEXINGTON, district, S. C. bounded SE., S. and SW. by Orangeburgh, W. by Edge- field, NW. by Newberry, and NE. by Fairfield and Richland, or by Broad and Congaree rivers. Length 38 m. mean width 27. Chief town, Granby. Pop. 9,076. LEXINGTON, t. and seat of justice, Ogle. thorpe co. Geo. on Ogeechee river, 76 m. NW. from Augusta. It is the seat of an academy. LEXINGTON, v. Richland co. Ohio, 62 m. NNE. from Columbus. LEXINGTON, t. in the north-eastern cor ner of Stark co. Ohio, in which is a village of the same name. Pop. 869. LEXINGTON, t. Jefferson co. In. LEXINGTON, t. and seat of justice, Fay ette co. Kent on Town-fork, a branch of Elk- horn river, 25 m. ESE. from Frankfort, and about 85 m. S. from Cincinnati, and 534 from W. Lat 38 6 . Lexington is the commercial capital of the state, and one of its most an cient towns. It received its name from some hunters, who were encamped under the shade of the original forest, where it is built, and who, receiving the first intelligence of Lexing ton battle in Massachusetts, named the town after that, where commenced the great strug gle of American independence. It was for a long tune the political metropolis of the state, and the most important town in the West. Transylvania University has fair claims to pre cedence among western collegiate institutions Its chief edifice was burnt two years since, but is now replaced by a handsome and more commodious one. It has twelve professors and tutors, and in the academical, medical, and law classes, 376 students. The buildings for the medical department arc large and commodious and its library contains 4,500 volumes of standard works in medicine. All the libraries connected with the University number 14,100 volumes. The law school has 25 pupils ; and the medical class 211, from all the southern and western states. The reputation of its pro fessors has given it a deservedly high stand ing. The Rev. Mr. Peers is at the head of a school gaining great reputation, as being the only one known in the United States, the pu pils of which are professedly guided in their whole discipline, with reference to the physical, organic, and moral laws of our being. The Female Academy 1 , under the care of Rev. Mr Woods, is in high repute, and has 100 pupils. There are various other schools which concur with these to vindicate the high literary esti mation of this city. The other public edifices are as follow : a handsome and spacious court house, a large Masonic hall, and 11 churches, in which several denominations of Christianity are represented. The State Lunatic Asylum is a spacious and very commodious building, containing, on an average, 90 deranged pa tients, under the guidance and efficient care of physicians, surgeons, and nurses. The U. S. Branch Bank has a large banking-house, in which business in the way of discount and negotiation of bills, is annually transacted to the amount of $1,700,000. The chief manu factures are those of cotton-bagging, and vari ous kinds of cordage, particularly bale rope. Of the former were manufactured in 1830, 1,000,000 yards ; and of the latter 2,000,000 pounds. There are three factories for spin ning and weaving wool, and five or six for cot ton ; and one large and several smaller ma chine-making factories. In the woollen factories are manufactured handsome carpets. The town buildings in general are handsome, and some are magnificent. Few towns in the West, or elsewhere, are more delightfully situ ated. Its environs have a singular softness and amenity of landscape, and the town wear* an air of neatness, opulence, and repose, indi eating leisure and studiousness, rather thau the bustle of business and commerce. It i& situated in the centre of a proverbially rich and beautiful country. The frequency of hand some villas and ornamented rural mansions, imparts the impression of vicinity to an opu lent metropolis. A beautiful branch of the Elkhorn runs through the city, and supplies it with water. The main street is a mile and a quarter in length, and 80 feet wide ; well paved, and the principal roads leading from it to the country are M Adamized to some dis tance. In the centre of the town is the public square, .surrounded by handsome buildings. In this square is the market-house, which is am ply supplied with all the products of the state. The inhabitants are cheerful, intelligent, con versable, and noted for their hospitality to strangers. The professional men are distin guished for their attainment* in their several walks, and many distinguished and eminent men have had their origin here. The Univer sity, with its professors and students, and the numerous distinguished strangers that are vis 314 LEX LIN king here, during the summer months, add to the attractions of the city. The people are addicted to giving parties; and the tone of society is fashionable and pleasant. Strangers, in general, are much pleased with a temporary sojourn in this city, which conveys high ideas of the refinement and taste of the country. There are now much larger towns in the West; but none presenting more beauty and intelligence. The stranger, on finding him self in the midst of its polished and interest ing society, cannot but be carried back by the strong contrast to the time, when the patri archal hunters of Kentucky, reclining on their buffalo robes around their evening fires, cano pied by the lofty trees and the stars, gave it the name it bears, by patriotic acclamation. The number of inhabitants is 6,104. LEXINGTON, v. and seat of justice, Hen derson co. Ten. on Beech river, a small branch entering Tennessee river from the W. 140 ra. SSW. from Nashville. LEXINGTON, v. Scott co. In. 95 m. a lit tle E. of S. from Indianapolis. LEXINGTON, t. Boone co. Miso. 163 ra. W. from St. Louis. LEXINGTON, C. H. and v. Lexington dis trict, S. C. 12 m. from Columbia. LEXINGTON HEIGHTS, v. Greene co. N. Y. 50 m. from Albany. LEXINGTON HILL, v. Lillard co. Miso. 173 m. W. from St Louis. LEYDEN, t. Franklin co. Mass. Pop. 796. LEYDEN, t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 33 m. N. from Utica, 115 NW. from Al bany. Pop. 1,502. LIBERTY, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on Dela ware river. Pop. in 1820, 851 ; in 1830, 1,277. LIBERTY, v. Tioga co. Perm. 123 m. from Harrisburg. LIBERTY, v. and seat of justice, Bedford co, Va. on one of the higher branches of Otter river, 25 m. SE. from Fincastle. LIBERTY, co. of Geo. bounded by the At lantic Ocean SE. M Intosh S. Alatamaha river SW. Tatnall NW. and Bryan NE. length 50 m. mean width 10. Chief town, Riceborough. Pop. in 1820, 6,695; in 1830, 7,234. LIBERTY, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. LIBERTY, t. in the S. part of Delaware co. Ohio. LIBERTY, t. Columbia co. Pa. LIBERTY, t. and cap. Amite co. Mis. 65 m. from Madisonville. LIBERTY, t. Union co. In. LIBERTY, t. Smith co. Ten. 20 m. S. from Carthage. 1 LIBERTY, t. Casey co. Ken. Pop. 118. LIBERTY, t. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. E. from Hamilton. Pop. 1,729. LIBERTY, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. N. from Wilmington. Pop. 800. LIBERTY, t. Highland co. Ohio, in which is Hillsborough, the seat of justice for the co. LIBERTY, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 9 m. W. from Dayton. LIBERTY, t. Washington co. Missouri. LIBERTY, East, v. Marion co. Ten. 102 m. from Murfreesborough. LIBERTY CORNER, v. Somerset co. N. J. LIBERTY HALL, v. Morgan co. Geo. LIBERTY HALL, v. Pittsylvania co. Va. 121 m. from Richmond. LIBERTY HALL, Pendleton district, S. C. 107 m. NW. from Columbia. LIBERTY HILL, v. Kershaw district, S. C. LIBERTY HILL, v. Greene co. Al. LIBERTY TOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. 12 m. NE. Frederickton, 46 from W. LICK, t. Jackson co. Ohio. LICKING, r. Ken. which falls into the Ohio at Newport, after a course of more than 180 miles. It is navigable 70 miles. LICKING, r. Ohio, which joins the Mus- kingum on the W. opposite Zanesville. Near its rnouth extensive iron works are erected. LICKING, co. Ohio. Sq. ms. 700. Pop. 20,868. Chief town, Newark. LICKING, t Licking co. Ohio. LICKING, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 10 m. NW. from Zanesville. LICKING CREEK, v. in the SE. angle of Bedford co. Pa. 25 m. SE. from Bedford, and 10 m. N. from Hancockstown. LICKING-STATION, v. Floyd co. Ken. LICKVILLE, v. Greenville district, S. 116 m. NW. from Columbia. LICONIA, v. Harrison co. Indiana. LIGONIA, v. Somerset co. Maine, 81 m. N. from Portland. LIGONIA, v. in the NE. angle of West- moreland co. Pa. LIGONTON, v. Amelia co. Va. LILY POINT, v. King William co. Va. 36 m, NE. from Richmond. LIMA, t. Livingston co. N. Y. 16 m. W. from Canandaigua. Pop. in 1820, 1,963 ; in 1830, 1,764. LIME CREEK, v. Monroe co. Alabama. LIMERICK, t. York co. Me. about 12 m. W. of the river Saco. Pop. in 1820, 1,377 ; in 1830, 1,426. LIMERICK, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. LIMERICK, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the NE. side of the Schuylkill, 5 m. E. from Potts- grove, and 25 W. from Philadelphia. Pop. 1,744. LIME ROCK, v. Providence co. R. I. 6 m from Providence. LIMESTONE CREEK, r. Ten. the NE. branch of Nolachucky river. LIMESTONE, co. Alabama, bounded by Tennessee river SW. Lauderdale co. W. Giles co. in Tennessee N. and Madison co. in AL E. ; length 30 m. width 24. Much of the soil is excellent. Chief town, Cotton-Port. Pop. in 1820, 9,871 ; in 1830, 14,843. LIMINGTON, t. York co. Me. on the W. side of Saco river, 4 m. W. of Standish, and 22 W. of Portland. Pop. 2,320. LINARES, t. Mexico, in New Leon, be tween Bravo and St. Fernando rivers. Lon. from W. 22 20 ; lat. 25 50 . LINCHANCHIA, t. Yucatan, 25 m. N. of Merida. LINCOLN, co. Niagara district, U. C. on Niagara river, at its rnouth. LIN LIT 315 LINCOLN, t. Sunbury co. New Brunswick, on the W. side of the river St. John. LINCOLN, co. Maine, on both sides of the Kennebeck; bounded by the Atlantic Ocean S. Kennebeck Bay and Androscoggin river SW. Kennebeck co. NW. Hancock NE. and Penobscot Bay E. Length 45 m. mean width 25. Soil productive in grain and pasturage. Chief town, Wiscasset. Pop. in 1820, 53,189 ; in 1830, 57,181. LINCOLN, t. Grafton co. N. H. between the sources of the Merrimack and Ammo- noosuch rivers, 60 m. above Concord. Pop. 50. LINCOLN, t. Addison co. Vt. 21 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 639. LINCOLN, t Middlesex co. Mass. Pop. 709. LINCOLN, co. N.C. bounded by South Ca rolina S. Rutherford W. Burke NW. Iredell or Catawba river NE. and Catawba river or Mecklenburg E. ; length 48 m. mean width 25. Soil on the streams excellent. Chief staple, cotton. Chief town, Lincolnton. Pop. in 1820, 18,147 ; in 1830, 22,625. LINCOLN, co. Geo. on Savannah river; bounded by Columbia SE. Wilkes SW. and Savannah river NE ; length 22 m. mean width 10. Chief town Lincolnton. Pop. in 1820, 6,458; in 1830, 6,137. LINCOLN, co. Ken. bounded by Pulaski SE. Casey SW. and W. Mercer NW. Garrard NE. and Rockcastle E. ; length 27 m. mean width 17. Chief towns, Stanford and Crab- orchard. Pop. in 1820, 9,979; in 1830, 11,012. LINCOLN, co. W. Ten. bounded by Madison co. in Al. S. by Giles co. in Ten. W. Bedford N. and Franklin E. ; length 25 m. breadth 23. Staple, cotton. Chief town, Fayetteville. Pop. in 1820, 14,761 ; in 1830, 22,086. LINCOLN, v. Mercer co. Ken. on Dick s river. LINCOLN, co. Miso. bounded by Missis- sippi river E. Cuivre river SE. Montgomery co. SW. and W. and by Pike NW. and N. ; length 24 m. breadth 22. Pop. 4,060. Chief town, Troy. LINCOLNTON, t. and seat of justice, Lin coln co. N. C. on Little Catawba, 150 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh, and 31 NW. from Char lotte. LINCOLNTON, t. and cap. Lincoln co. Geo. 40 m. NW. from Augusta. LINDEN, v. Marengo co. Alabama. LINDLEY S STORE, v. Albemarle co. Va. LINDLEY S STORE, v. Orange co. N.C. LINDSEY S MILLS, v. Trigg co. Ken. LINDSLEYSTOWN, v. Steuben co. N.Y. LINE CREEK, v. Montgomery co. Al. LINGWICK, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 80 m. SE. Three Rivers. LINK LEAIR, v. Chenango co. N. Y. LINTON, Coshocton co. Ohio. LISBON, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the An droscoggin, 23 m. W. from Wiscasset. Pop. 2,432. LISBON, t. Lincoln co. Geo. at the junction of Broad and Savannah rivers. LISBON, t. New London co. Ct. on the Quinebaug, 7 m. N. from Norwich, 45 SE from Hartford. Pop. 1,166. LISBON, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence, 3 miles below Ogdensburg-. Pop. 1,891. LISBON, t. Clark co. Ohio. LISBON, v. Grafton co. N. H. Pop. 1,585. LISBURN, v. Cumberland co. Pa. LISBURN, cape, on the NW. coast of America. LISLE, t. Broome co. N. Y. 15 m. N. from Binghampton, 120 m. from Albany. Pop. 4,393. LISLE, v. Broome co. N. Y. LITCHFIELD, t Lincoln co. Me. 25 m. NW. from Wiscasset, 10 from Hallowell. Pop. 2,308. LITCHFIELD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 30 m. S. from Concord. Pop. 505. LITCHFIELD, co. Ct. Soil is fertile. Pop. 42,855. Chief town, Litchfield. LITCHFIELD, t. and cap. Litchfield co. Ct. 30 m. W. from Hartford, 38 NNW. from New Haven. Lon. 73 15 W.; lat. 41 42 N. Pop. 4,458. It is an elevated township ; Mount Tom, near the SW. corner, is 700 feet above the river at its base. Litchfield Great Pond, the largest in the state, is a beautiful sheet of water, comprising an area of about 900 acres. At its outlet are numerous valuable mill-seats. There are in Litchfield 4 forges, 1 slitting- mill, 1 nail manufactory, 18 saw-mills, 6 full ing-mills, 5 large tanneries, besides several other manufacturing establishments. There are 8 houses of public worship ; 4 for Congre gationalists, 3 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Bap tists. In the Society of South Farms in Morris Academy, a flourishing institution, established in 1790, the Latin and Greek languages are taught, and particular attention is paid to the morals of the students. Litchfield village, in corporated in 1818, is pleasantly situated along the summit of a hill, commanding an extensive and delightful prospect. It contains a court house, jail, bank, 2 meeting-houses, and 84 dwelling-houses. Here also is a private school for young ladies, which maintains a very dis tinguished reputation. The Litchfield Law School was established in 1784, by the Hon. Tapping Reeve. This has been justly con sidered as the most respectable and systematic law school in the United States. The number of students educated since its establishment is more than 600. LITCHFIELD, t. Herkimer co. N Y 10 m. SW. from Herkimer, 10 S. from Utica. Pop. 1,750. LITCHFIELD, v. Bradford co. Pa. 193 m. N. from Harrisburg. LITCHFIELD, v. Grayson co. Ken. 70 m. SSW. from Louisville. LITIZ, t. in Warwick township, Lancaster co. Pa. on a branch of Conestoga creek, 8 m N. from Lancaster, 66 W. by N. from Phila delphia. It is settled by Moravians, and con tains about 300 inhabitants, a church, and an academy. 316 LIT LLO LITTLE BEAVER, r. which rises in Ohio, and joins Ohio river in Pennsylvania, after a SE. course of 30 m, LITTLE BEAVER BRIDGE, v.Columbi- ana co. Ohio, 55 m. NW. from Pittsburg. LITTLE BRITAIN, v. Orange co. N. Y. LITTLE BRITAIN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. It is situated on the W. side of Octorara creek. LITTLE COMPTON t Newport co. R, I. It is famous for its dairies. Pop. 1,378. LITTLE FALLS, v. Herkimer co. N. Y. There is a canal round Little Falls in the Mo hawk, at this place. LITTLE HOCKHOCKING, a stream in the S. part of Washington co. Ohio, running into the Ohio river, 5 m. below the mouth of Great Hockhocking. LITTLE HOCKHOCKING, v. Washing, ton eo, Ohio, 116 m, SE, from Columbus. LITTLE INDIAN CREEK, small stream of Clermont co. Ohio, putting into the Ohio r. 2 m. below Big Indian creek. LITTLE MACKINAW, r. II. which now runs into the E, side of Illinois r. 15 m. below Fort Clark. It is navigable 90 m. LITTLE MIAMI, r. rising in the SW. cor- ner of Madison co. and after running SW. above 70 m. across Clark, Green, Warren, and Hamilton cos. joins the Ohio, 7 m. above Cin cinnati. It is one of the best mill-streams in the state, and is improved to a considerable ex tent, having above 50 mills of various kinds on it. For navigation, it is of little consequence, but for mills, is preferable to the Great Miami. LITTLE MISSOURI, the name of 2 rivers of the U. S. one a branch of Missouri, joining that stream from the SW. 90 m. above the Mandan villages ; and the other, a branch of Wachitta, in Arkansas, rises with the Little river of the N. flows E. and falls into the Wa- shitau from the W. LITTLE MISSOURI, t. Arkansas Terri tory, on Little Missouri river, a S. branch of the Wachitta, LITTLE PLYMOUTH, v. King and Queen co. Va. LITTLE REST, v. of South Kingston, and cap. of Washington co. R. I. It contains a court-house, a bank, and a Congregational church. LITTLE RIVER, r. which rises in N. C. and runs into the Pedee. It forms part of the boundary between North Carolina and South Carolina. LITTLE RIVER, r. Geo. which runs into the Savannah, 30 m. above Augusta. LITTLE RIVER, r. Geo. which runs into the Oconee, about 12 m. above Milledgeville. LITTLE RIVER, r. Christian eo. Ken. runs into the E. side of the Cumberland. LITTLE RIVER, r, Indiana, which runs into the Wabash, above Vincennes. LITTLE ROCK, or Arkapolis, the seat of government of Arkansas territory, is on the N. bank of the Arkansas, where the first hills oc. cur in ascending the river. The land here is elevated 150 or 200 feet above the level of the river; and has good springs of water. The great road from St. Louis to the Wachitta and Natchitoches passes through this place. The settlement was commenced in 1820. Here ia a printing-office, from which a newspaper is issued. It is 300 m. from the mouth of the Arkansas, 130 below Dwight, and 50 from the Wachitta. LITTLE SANDY SALT-WORKS, v. in Greenup co. Ken. * , LITTLETON, t. Grafton co. N. H. on Con necticut river, 75 m. N. from Concord (the capital). Pop. 1,435. Here is a bridge across the river to Concord. LITTLETON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 28 m. WNW. from Boston. Pop. 947. LITTLETON, t. Sussex co. Va. LITTLETON, v. Warren co. N. C. 67 m. SE. from Raleigh. LITTLETON S ISLAND, small island in the Florida stream. Lon. 81 40 W.; lat. 24 42 N. LITTLETON VILLAGE, t. in the N. part of Grafton co. N. H. 91 m. N. from Concord. LITTLE VALLEY, t. Cataraugus co. N.Y. Pop. 337. LITTLE YORK, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 77 m, SW. from Columbus. LITTLE YORK, v. Hardin co. Ken. 91 m. SW. from Frankfort LIVERMORE, t. Oxford co. Me. on the Androscoggin, 18 m. NE. from Paris, 78 from Portland. Pop. 2,456. LIVERPOOL, v. Onondago co. N. Y. 3 m. from Salina. LIVERPOOL, v. in the NE. part of Perry co. Pa. on the right bank of Susquehannah r. about 30 m. above Harrisburg. LIVERPOOL, v. York co. Pa. 6 m. N. from the borough of York. LIVERPOOL, v. Medina co. Ohio, 170 m. NE. from Columbus. LIVINGSTON, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. 2,087. It is situated 40 m. S. from Albany, on the river Hudson. LIVINGSTON, co. N. Y. on both sides of Genesee river, bounded S. by Steuben and Al- leghany, W. by Genqsee, N. by Monroe, and E. by Ontario ; length 30 m. width 20. Pop. 27,709. Genesee is the capital. LIVINGSTON, v. Essex co. N. J. 54 m. NE. from Trenton. LIVINGSTON, co. Ken. bounded by Ten nessee river SW. by Ohio river W. and NW. by Trade Water river, or Union co. NE. and Caldwell co. SE. ; length 47 m. mean width 15. Much of the soil is highly fertile. Pop. 1820, 5,824; in 1830, 6,607. Chief town, Salem. LIVINGSTON, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 3 m. SE. from Circleville, LIVINGSTON S CREEK, r. N. C. which runs into the W. side of the NW. branch of Cape Fear river. LIVINGSTONVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 22 m. W. from Albany. LIVONIA, t Livingston co. N. Y. between Genesee and Hemlock Lake, 20 m. SW. from Canandaigua. Pop. 2,665. LIVONIA, v. Washington co. In. 97 m. S. from Indianapolis. LLOYD S, v. Essex co. Va. LLO LON 317 LLOYD S LAKE, bay on the S. coast of Florida. Lon. 80 50 W. ; lat. 25 18 N. LLOYD S NECK, a peninsula, N. Y. on N. shore of Long Island, forming the west side of Huntington bay. LOCHABER, t. York co. L. C. on Ottawa river. LOCKE, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 23 m. SSE. from Auburn. Pop. 3,310. LOCKPORT, very thriving v. of Niagara co. N. Y. on the Erie canal, 220 m. by the ca nal W. from Utica, and by the canal 34 NNE. from Buffalo. It is at this village that the first series of locks, from lake Erie, occurs in the canal, and brings the water from the Erie level to that of Rochester, by 5 double locks of 12 feet each. The village is on the high ground above the locks. Lat. 43 12 N. ; Ion 1 45 W. from W. Pop. in 1823, 500 ; in 1830, 3,823. LOCKWOOD, v. Sussex co. N. J. 78 m. N. from Trenton. LOCUST GROVE, v. Orange co. Va. 86 m. NW. from Richmond. LODIMONT, v. Abbeville district, S.C. 134 m. W. from Columbus. LODO, Cape, or Mad Cape, on the coast of Louisiana, at the mouth of the Mississippi r. Lon. 71 42 W. ; lat. 29 10 N. LOFTUS HEIGHTS, v. Wilkinson co. Mis. on the Mississippi river, 38 m. by land above Natchez, 51 by the river. LOFTY MOUNT, hill on S. coast of New Holland. Lon. 138 42 E. ; lat. 34 59 S. LOGAN, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Hardin E. by Union, S. by Champaign, SW. by Miami W. by Shelby, and NW. by Allen. Length 26 m. breadth 21. The land is tolerably level %nd fertile. Pop. in 1820, 3,181; in 1830, 6,442. Chief town, Bellefontaine. LOGAN, v. and seat of justice for Hocking co. Ohio, on the N. bank of Hocking river, 18 m. SE. from Lancaster. Pop. 97. LOGAN, co. Ken. bounded by Ten. Todd co. Ken. W. Muhlenburg NW. Butler N. and Simpson NE. Length 30 m. mean width 21 Soil excellent. Pop. in 1820, 14, 423 ; in 1830 13,002. Chief town, Russellville. LOGAN, t. Wayne co. Missouri. LOGGERHEAD KEY, El Contoy, small isl. in the bay of Honduras, near the coast oi Yucatan. Lon. 87 45 W. ; lat 21 25 N. LOMBARD Y, v. Amelia co. Va. 50 m. SW from Richmond. LOMBARD Y, v. Columbia co. Geo. 64 m from Milledgeville. LOMBARDY GROVE, v. Mecklenburg co Va. 110 m. from Richmond. LONDON, t. U. C. on the Thames, abou 100 m. NE. by E. from Detroit, and 150 SW by W. from York. LONDON, t. and seat of justice, Madison co. Ohio, 25 m. W. by S. from Columbus Pop. 249. LONDON, t. Ann-Arundel co. Md. 5 SW. from Annapolis. LONDON BRIDGE, v. Princess Anne co Va. 140 m. SE. from Richmond. LONDONDERRY, t. Rockingham co. N. H 5 m. SW. from Portsmouth, and 37 NW. from Sewburyport, Mass. Pop. 1,469. LONDONDERRY, t. Windham co. Vt. 27 i. SW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,302. LONDON HARBOR, a bay of the island f St John, on its N. side. LONGACOMING, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 6 m. SE. from Philadelphia. LONG BAY, that part of the Atlantic coast f the U. S. between the mouths of the Pedee and Cape Fear rivers. LONG BEACH, on the coast of Monmouth o. N. J. is a low sandy island extending from Jarnegat Inlet, to Little Egg Harbor. LONG BEACH, U. C. on Lake Ontario. "Yom its W. point the boundary between York nd Durham counties commences. LONG CANE CREEK, r. S. C. which runs nto the Savannah river. Lon. 82 11 W. ; at 33 45 N. LONG ISLAND, an island of N. Y. sepa rated from Connecticut by Long Island Sound, and divided into 3 counties, Kings, Queens, and Suffolk. It extends from the Narrows E. 40 m. but is not more than 10m. broad on a medium. Pop. 69,793. LONG ISLAND, island, in Penobscot Bay, Vlaine. On this island is the town of Isles- )orough. LONG ISLAND, small isl. in Chesapeake Say, near the coast of Virginia, at the mouth of York river. LONG ISLAND, or Great Island, in Hols- ion river, Tennessee, 43 m. from Abingdon, Va. and 100 above Knoxville. LONG ISLAND, isl. near the S. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 76 58 W. ; lat. 17 51 N. LONG ISLAND, isl. near the N. coast of Antigua. Lon. 61 28 W. ; lat. 17 17 N. LONG ISLAND, isl. in Hudson s Straits. Lon. 75 W. ; lat 61 N. LONG ISLAND, one of the smaller Ber mudas. LONG ISLAND, small isl. U. S. in the Gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon 82 55 W. ; lat. 27 50 N. LONG ISLAND, isl. in Green Bay, W. of Lake Michigan. LONG ISLAND SOUND, 25 m. broad and 140 long, extending the whole length of Long Island, and dividing it from Connecticut It communicates with the Atlantic at both ends of the island. LONG KEY, Middle, North, and South, 3 small islands in the Bay of Honduras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 88 50 W.; lat 16 57 N. LONG MEADOW, t Hampden co. Masa on the left side of Connecticut river, 6 m. be low Springfield. . Pop. 1,257. LONGMIRE S, v. Monroe co. Alabama. LONG POINT, or Abineau, peninsula, U. C. in Lake Erie, projecting 18 m. into the lake. Boats are taken across it about 4 miles from the main, where it is only about 20 yards wide. LONG POND, in Cumberland co. Maine, chiefly in Bridgetown, 10m. long, and 1 broad, connected by Sungo river with Sebago lake 318 LON LOU LONG POND, lake, Orange co. N.Y.on the confines of the state ; it is about 16 m. in circumference, and discharges its waters into a branch of Passaic river. LONG PRAIRIE, v. Arkansas, 175 m. from Little Rock. LONG REACH, a remarkable long and straight portion of the Ohio river, stretching 17 m. along the NE. borders of Washington co. Ohio. LONG SAUT, Isle au, in the river St. Law rence, and in front of the township of Osna- bruck, contains from 1000 to 1500 acres ; the soil is good. It lies off the NE. angle of St. Lawrence co. N. Y. LONG SHOAL, r. N. C. which runs into Pamlico Sound, long. 76 4 W. ; lat 35 21 N, LONG SHOAL POINT, cape, on the coast of N. C. at the mouth of Long Shoal river. Lon. 76 2 W. ; lat. 35 22 N. LONG SHOALS, an expansion of Cumber- land river in Pulaski co. Ken. It contains several islands. LONG S MILL, v. Orange co. N. C. 74 m. NW. from Raleigh. LONGTOWN, v. Rowan co. N. C. 150 m. W. from Raleigh. LONICERA, v. Baldwin co. Geo. 11 m. from Milledgeville. LOOKOUT, Cape, one of those remarkable promontories of N. C. It is the SW. point of Ocracock bar, and the SW. outlet of Core Sound. LOOKOUT, Mountain, one of the Apalachi- an ridges in the NW. part of Georgia, termi nating near the Suck in Tennessee river. LOOKOUT, Point, a narrow strip of land, Md. at the junction of the Potomac with Ches apeake Bay. LOOP, v. Giles co. Va. 275 m. W. from Richmond. LORAIN, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Lake Erie, W. by Huron, S. by Richland and Wayne, and E. by Medina and Cuyahoga ; length 30 m. mean width 23. Pop. 5,696. Elyria is the capital. LORAMIE, t. Shelby co. Ohio. LORAMIE S CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Miami above Piqua. LORENZO, San, t. Mexico, province of New Biscay, with 500 inhabitants, whose em ployment consists in cultivating the grape. LORETTO, t. Cambria co. Pa. LORETTO, v. Essex co. Va. 77 m. NE. from Richmond. LORRAINE, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. 20 m. from Sacket s Harbor. Pop. 1,727. LOST CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side of the Miami, in Miami co. LOST CREEK, t. Miami co. Ohio. LOST CREEK, r. Vigo co. In. which flows towards the E. side of the Wabash, but before reaching it is lost in the sands. LOST RUN, r. Vigo co. In. which runs to wards Otter creek, but before reaching it is lost in the sands. LOUDON, t. Merrimack co. N. H. on the E. side of Merrimack river, 45 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,642. LOUDON, v. Franklin co. Pa. 63 m. SW. from Harrisburg. LOUDON, co. Va. bounded SE. by Fairfax, SW. by Prince William and Fauquier, NW. by Frederick and Jefferson, and NE. by the Potomac river. Soil excellent. Staples, grain and flour. Chief town, Leesburg. Pop. 21,938. LOUDONVILLE, t. in the south-eastern quarter of Richland co. Ohio, 66 m. NE. from Columbus. LOUGHBOROUGH, t. Frontenac co. U. C. LOUGHBOROUGH CANAL, inlet on the NW. coast of America, in the Gulf of Georgia, 30 m. long and 1 broad. Lon. 234 35 E.; lat. 5027 7 N. LOUGHERTY S CREEK, r. In. which runs into the Ohio, 11 m. below the mouth of Miami river. LOUIS, St. s-p. and fortress, St. Domingo, on the SW. coast, at the head of a. bay of its name. The exports are coffee, cotton, and in digo. 70 m. WSW. of Port au Prince. Lon. 7332 W.; lat. 18 16 N. LOUIS, St. lake of N. America, formed by the junction of the Ottawa with the St. Law rence. It is 12 m. long and 6 broad. LOUIS, St. river of N. America, which has its source near the eastern head-waters of the Mississippi, and falls into Lake Superior on the west shore. It is navigable 150 m. Lon, 91 52 W.; lat. 46 44 N. LOUIS, St. co. Missouri, on the Mississippi. Pop. 14,907. LOUIS, St. the capital of the above county, and the chief commercial town in the state of Missouri. It is situated 18 m. below the mouth of the Missouri, between 30 and 40 be low the mouth of the Illinois, and nearly 200 above the mouth of the Ohio. Nature seldom offers a more delightful site for a town. In many respects it resembles that of Albany in New York. It is on a kind of second bottom, that rises gently from the water to a second bank. The ascent to this is not at all pre cipitous. Having surmounted this bank, an extensive plain opens to view. It is accessible by steam-boats from New Orleans at the lowest stages of the water. The town was founded by the French from Canada in 1764, and many of the inhabitants are still French. Here is a Catholic college and cathedral. A considerable part of the western fur-trade centres here, and the town is otherwise well situated for com merce. The passage to New Orleans is 1,200 miles by the river, and there are 6 steam-boats constantly plying between these two places. For a more full account of steam-boats, see State of Missouri. The town is regularly laid out, and extends 2 m. along the river. Pop. 5,852. Lat. 38 36 N. ; Ion. 89 56 W. LOUISA, co. central part of Va. bounded N. by Orange and Spottsylvania cos. E. by Hanover co. S. by Goochland and Fluvana cos, and W. by Albemarle co. Pop. 16,151. LOUISIANA, v. and seat of justice, Pike co. Miso. 96 m. N. from St. Louis. It is situ- LOU LOW 319 ated on the Mississippi, at the mouth of Salt *iver. LOUISIANA, State of. See page 118. LOUISBURG, t. and cap. Franklin co. N.C. on Tar river, 23 miles NE. from Raleigh, 55 WNW. from Tarborough, 256 from W. It contains 2 academies, one for males, and the other for females. LOUISTOWN, v. Talbot co. Md. 10 m. NE. from Easton. LOUISVILLE, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the St. Lawrence 25 m E. from Ogdens- burg, 568 from W. Pop. 1,076. LOUISVILLE, t. port of entry, and cap. Jefferson co. Ken. on the Ohio, at the head of the Rapids, 140 m. by the river below Cincin nati, 52 W. from Frankfort, 137 S. of E. from Vincennes, and 590 from W. The position of this city is 38 18 N. and 5 42 W. from W. It contained in 1800, 600 inhabitants ; 1810, 1,350 ; 1820, 4,012 ; 1830, 10,336, having more than doubled its population within the last 10 years. Louisville, in a commercial point of view, is far the most important town in the state. The main street is nearly a mile in length, and is as noble as compact, and has as much the air of a maritime town, as any street in the western country. It is situated on an extensive sloping plain, below the mouth of Beargrass, about a quarter of a mile above the principal declivity of the falls. The three principal streets run parallel with the river, and command fine views of the villages and the beautiful country on the opposite shore. The public buildings are a court-house, jail, poor-house, and work-house, powder magazine, marine hospital, city school-house, 8 churches for the prevalent denominations of the country, Washington Hall, Columbian Inn, and other respectable hotels, City Hall, United States Branch Bank, house of Fire and Marine In surance Company, Iron Foundery, Jefferson Cotton Factory, 5 steam-mills, Union Hall, and Theatre. The marine hospital is a conspicu ous and showy building. The free public school-house is a noble edifice, taking into view its object. It was commenced in 1829, as a kind of model school for a general system of free schools ; and was built at an expense of 7,500 dollars. It is intended to accommo date 700 or 800 pupils. The greatest fall in the Ohio is just below this city. In high stages of water, the rocks and shallows are all covered, and boats pass without perceiving them. But this stage of water does not occur, on an average, more than two months in the year, rendering it necessary at all other times, that boats from the lower country should stop here. The falls equally arrested boats from above. Consequently freights intended for the country above were required, at a great ex pense of time, delay, and factorage, to be un loaded, transported by land round the falls, and reloaded in boats above. Large steam-boats from New Orleans, though belonging to the upper country, were obliged to lie by through the summer at Portland. To remedy these inconveniences, the Louisville and Portland Canal round the falls has been constructed. It overcomes the ascent of 22 feet by 5 locks, and is 40 feet deep. See page 133. LOUISVILLE, t. and cap. Jefferson co. Geo. on the Ogeechee, 70 m. from its mouth, 50 E. from Milledgeville, 110 NW. from Sa vannah, 644 from W. It contains a court house, a jail, and a meeting-house. This town was formerly the seat of the state govern ment. LOUTRE, isl. and v. Montgomery co. Miso 68 m. W. from St. Louis. Lat. 38 42 N. Loutre Island is in the Mississippi river, op^ posite Gasconade co. and below the mouth of Gasconade river. LOVEL, t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. WSW from Paris. Pop. 698. LOVETON, t. Baltimore co. Md. 55 m. from W. LOVINGTON, t. Nelson co. Va. 170 m. fromW. LOWELL, t. Middlesex co. Mass, on the Merrimack, 25 m. NW. from Boston. This place has grown up within a few years by means of its manufactures, and is now the most important manufacturing town in the United States, except Pittsburg. It has the waters of the Merrimack at command, with a fall of above 30 feet. The largest manufactur ing establishments in the country are at this place ; they belong to 8 or 10 different compa nies. A small cotton manufactory was first established here in 1813, and others were added a short time afterwards ; at present the place continues to increase and bids fair to equal any of the ulterior towns in the U. States. The manufactures of Lowell are chiefly cot ton, of which more than 14,000,000 yards are made annually. Here are also made carpet ing, cassimeres, satinets, &c. It contains a number of churches and public buildings, and has had the most rapid growth of any town in the state. In 1830 it contained 6,478 inhabit ants. LOWER ADDISON, v. Steuben co. N. Y. about 20 m. S. from Bath. LOWER BARTLETT, v. Coos co. N. H. 76 m. N. from Concord. LOWER BLUE LICK, v. Nicholas co. Ken. 69 m. NE. by E. from Frankfort LOWER GILMANTON, v. Strafford co. N. H. 24 m. NNE. from Concord. LOWER GUIVRE, t. St. Charles co. Miso. LOWER MARLBOROUGH, v. Calvert co. Md. on the E. side of Patuxent river, 30 m SSW. of Annapolis, and 24 NW. of St. Leon ards. LOWER SANDUSKY, v. Sandusky co. Ohio, on Sandusky river, 102 m. N. from Co lumbus. Pop. 351. LOWER SMITHFIELD, v. Northampton co. Pa. about 15 m. NNE. from Easton. LOWHILL, t. Lehigh co. Pa. LOWRY S MILLS, v. Chesterfield district, S. C. 123 m. NE. from Columbia. LOWTHERSVILLE, v. of Lewis co. Va. 365 m. NW. from Richmond. LOWVILLE, v. of Lewis co. N. Y. on a small creek, near the W side of Black river, 57 m. N. from Utica. 320 LOY LYN of m LOYALHANNON, r. Westmoreland co. Pa. which runs NW. into the Kiskiminitas. LOYAL LOCK GAP, v. Northumberland co. Pa. LOYALSOCK, t. Lycoming co. Pa. LOYALSOCK, r. Lycoming co. Pa. rises on the southern borders of Bradford co. and flowing SW. between Muncy and Lycoming creeks, falls into the W. branch of Susquehan- nah, 4 m. below Williamsport. LOYSBOROUGH, v. Anderson co Ten. LUANA, Point, cape on the S. coast Jamaica. Lon. 77 51 W. ; lat. 18 2 N. LUBEC, t. and port of entry, Washington co. Me. in Passamaquoddy Bay, on the main land, which is here separated from the island of Campobello by a strait 12 rods wide, called the Narrows or Western entrance of the Bay. The harbor is spacious, sheltered from every wind, and never closed by ice. The principal settlement is at Flagg s Point on the Narrows. It was commenced in 1815, and is a flourish ing village. The inhabitants are chiefly en- gaged in commercial pursuits, particularly in the lumber trade and the fisheries. Most of the plaster received into the United States from the British provinces is shipped through this port. Here is kept the custom-house for the district of Passamaquoddy. On West Quoddy head is a light-house. Lubec lies 3 m. S. of Eastport, with which it has communi cation by a ferry, 28 m. E. of Machias. Pop. 1,535. Lat. 44 47 ; N. Ion. 67 5 W. LUCEA HARBOR, bay on the N. side of Jamaica, 14 m. W. from Montego Bay. Lon. 78 9 W.; lat. 18 28 N. LUCKETT S, v. Orange co. Va. LUDLOW, t. Windsor co. Vt. 16 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,227. LUDLOW, t. Hampden co. Mass. 12 m. NE. from Springfield. Pop. 1,327. LUDLOW, or Yellow Springs, t Greene co. Ohio, 9 m. N. from Xenia. It is a beauti ful spot, and is much frequented on account of] is its medicinal springs. LUDLOWVILLE, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. LUIS DE LA PAZ, St. a town of Mexico, in the province of Mechoacan, 120 m. S. by E. from Mechoacan. LUIS DE POTOSI, St. a city of Mexico, in the province of Mechoacan, situate in the midst of rich gold mines, and all the comforts of life. The streets are neat and straight, and the churches magnificent. It is 180 m. N. by W. of Mechoacan. Lon. 102 54 W.; lat. 22 25 N. LUMBELRAND, t Sullivan co. N. Y. on Delaware river. Pop. 955. LUMBERTON, t. and cap. Robeson co. N. C. 33 m. SSW. from Fayetteville, 31 from Winnefield. LUMBERTON, v. Burlington co. N. J. 1 m. SE. of Mount Holly. LUNA, Punta de, cape, on the N. coast Cuba. Lon. 75 8 W. ; lat. 21 12 N. LUNENBURG, co. Va. between Nottaway and Meherrin rivers, bounded by Brunswick SE. Mecklenburg SW. Charlotte W. Prince Edward NW. and Nottaway NE. Length 22 m. mean width 10. Staples, cotton and to bacco. Chief town, Lewistown. Pop. 11,957. LUNENBURG, co. Nova Scotia, on Ma- hone Bay, which sets up from the Atlantic. LUNENBURG, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, 35 m. SW. from Halifax, 27 N. by E. from Liverpool. LUNENBURG. t. Essex co. Vt. on Connec ticut river, 45 m. ENE. from Montpelier. Pop 1,054. LUNENBURG, t. Worcester co. Mass. 25 . N. from Worcester, 45 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,318. LURAY, v. Shenandoah co. Va. LUZERNE, t. Warren co. N. Y. on Hud son river, 10 m. W. from Sandy Hill. Pop. 1,362. LUZERNE, co. Pa. bounded SE oy Pike and Northampton, S. by Schuylkill, SW. by Columbia, W. by Lycoming, NW. by Brad ford, N. by Susquehannah and E. by Wayne. Length 45 m. breadth 40. Pop. 27,304. Chief town, Wilkesbarre. LYCOMING, co. Pa. inclosed by the coun- of| ties of Potter, Tioga, Bradford, Luzerne, North umberland, Centre, Clearfield, and M Kean. Pop. 17,637. Chief town, Williamsport. LYCOMING, small river of Lycoming co. Pa. rising in the southern border of Bradford, leading with the Towanda, and flowing SW. falls into the W. branch, 2 m. above WiSiams- port LYMAN, t. York co. Me. 25. m. N. from York. Pop. 1,502. LYMAN, t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecti cut river, 13 m. above Haverhill. Pop. 1,321. LYME, t Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. NE. from Dartmouth College. Pop. 1,804. LYME, t. New London co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, at its mouth, oppo site Saybrook, 40 m. E. from New Haven, 40 SE. from Hartford. Pop. 4,098. It has 6 houses of public worship. The shad fishery is carried on extensively at this place. A number of vessels are owned here, which are employed in the coasting trade. LYME, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on lake On tario. Pop. 2,872. LYME, t. Huron co. Ohio. LYME RANGE, a branch of the White Mountains, commencing a little below North ampton, Mass, and running S. along the E. bank of Connecticut river at the distance of 8 or 10 m. till it terminates at Lyme on Long Island Sound. LYNCHBURG, t and cap. Campbell co. Va on the S. bank of James river, 20 m below the great falls, where the river breaks through the Blue Ridge, 12 m. N. from Campbell C. H. 12 ENE. from New London, 100 W. from Rich- mond, 160 SW. from W. in a straight line. It contains 10 or 12 public buildings, 4 church es, and a number of very handsome houses, has two bridges over the river, a large number of tobacco ware-houses and manufac tories, and a great number of commission houses, flour-mills, and cotton and woollen manufactories. There are 4 mineral springs in its vicinity^ It is favorably situated for of It LYN MAC 32 r trade, not only with the western part of the state, but with the western states generally. Small boats convey the abundant produce which is brought here, down the river to Rich mond. The most important item in the pro duce is from 10 to 12,000 hogsheads of tobac co. It is almost embosomed in mountains, that have, however, fertile and populous val leys between, and is one of the most flourish ing and commercial towns in the state. Be side tobacco, it produces wheat, flour, and hemp. Pop. 4,626. Lat. 37 30 N. LYNCHBURG, v. Oldham co Ken. 54 m. NW. by W. from Frankfort. LYNCHBURG. v. Lincoln co. Ten. 50 m. SSW. from Murfreesborough. LYNCH S CREEK, rises in N. C. a few miles W. of Sneadsborough, and flowing S. enters S. C. and assuming a SE. course, falls into the Great Pedee. The entire length of Lynch s creek exceeds 100 m LYNCH S RIVER, r. Va. which runs into Tames river, Ion. 78 21 W. ; lat. 37 42 N. LYNCH LAKE, Williamsburg district, 5.C. LYNDEBOROUGH, t. Hillsborough co. tf. H. 10 m. NW. from Amherst. Pop. 1,147. LYNDON, t. Caledonia co. Va. 33 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,822. LYNESVILLE, v. Granville co. N. C. 60 m. N. from Raleigh . LYNKHORN BAY, bay on the coast of Va. at the bottom of Chesapeake Bay, 2 or 3 m. W. from Cape Henry. Lon. 76 6 W. ; lat. 36 56 N. LYNN, t. Essex co. Mass, famous for the manufacture of women s shoes, 10 m. NE. of Boston, and 5 SW. of Salem, in lat. 42 28 N. In 1831, 1,675,781 pairs of shoes were manu factured in this town, valued at $942,191 value of materials $414,000, neat profit of labor $528,191. Pop. 6,138. LYNN CREEK, v. Giles co. Ten. about 70 m. S. from Murfreesborough. LYNNFIELD, t. Essex co. Mass. 10 m. W. from Salem, and UN. from Boston. Pop. 617. LYNNHAVEN BAY, on the coast of Va. at the S. end of Chesapeake Bay, 7 m. W. from Cape Henry. Here, in 1781, the Count de Grasse moored the principal part of his fleet at the blockade of Yorktown. LYNN RIVER, in the co. of Norfolk, TJ.C. rises in the town of Windham, and running from thence southerly through the township of Woodhouse, empties itself into Lake Erie, where it has about 3 feet water on the bar. It is a good harbor for bateaux. LYNNSVILLE, v. in the western part of Lehigh co. Pa. 80 m. NE. by E. from Harris- burg. LYONS, t. and seat of justice, Wayne co. N. Y. 16 m. N. from Geneva, 20 NE. from Canandaigua, and by the canal 117 m. W. from Utica. Lat. 43 5 N. Lyons is ele gantly situated on the grand western canal of N. York, and rapidly improving. Pop. 3,603. LYON S CREEK, in the co. of Lincoln, U. C. discharges itself into Chippewa river, in 2Q the town of Willoughby, not far above the mouth of that river. LYSANDER, t. Onondaga co. N Y. at the confluence of the Onondaga or Oswego and Seneca rivers, 20 m. NW. from Onondasa. Pop. 3,228. M. MACARAGUA, t. Cuba, 45 m. W. from Havana. MACARTNEY, Point, cape of a large isl. on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 226 12 E.; lat. 57 1 N. MACCARY BAY, S. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 77 9 W. ; lat. 17 49 N. MAC CALL S BRIDGE, v. York. co. Pa. MAC CAWN S STORE, v. Hawkins co. Tennessee. MAC CONNELSBURG, t. Bedford co. Pa. 26 m. from Hagarstown. Here is a medicinal spring. MAC CONNELSVILLE, t. and cap. Mor gan co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 25 m. SE. from Zanesville, 340 from W. Pop. 267. MAC CULLEY S STORE, v. Chester co. S. Carolina. MAC CULLOCH S MILLS, v. Albemarle co. Virginia. MAC CULLOCHSVILLE, v. Union co. S. Carolina. MAC CUTCHENSVILLE, v. Pickaway co. Ohio. MACDANIELSVILLE, v. Spartan district, S. Carolina. MACDONOUGH, t. Chenango co. N Y Pop. 1,232. MACEDON, SW. t. and v. Wayne co. N. Y The t. lies along both sides of the Western Canal, 12 m. W. from Lyons. Pop. 1,990. MAC FARLAND S, v. Lunenburg co. Va. about 60 m. SW. from Richmond. MAC GAHEY S, v. Rockingham co. Va. 139 m. NW. from Richmond. MAC GREWSBURG, v. Adams co. Pa. 32 m. SE. from Harrisburg. MACHIAS, t. port of entry and cap. Wash- ington co. Me. on Machias Bay, 221 m. NE. from Portland. Lat. 44 40 N. Pop. 1,754. The principal settlement is at the falls of E. branch of Machias river. At the falls of the W. branch of the river, is another considera ble village. A bridge is erected across Middle river between the two villages, which, with the causeway, is 1,900 feet long. Machias con- tains a court-house and jail, 2 Congregational churches, and an academy. The academy, called Washington Academy, is in the E. vil lage. The building, which is 50 feet by 38, and 2 stories high, was presented by the in habitants of the village, together with a library and philosophical apparatus valued at $1,500. In addition, the academy is endowed with $14,000 productive funds. Machias is a thri ving town, and carries on considerable trade, principally in lumber. Here are 26 saw-mills, which cut on an average upwards of 10,000,000 feet of boards in a year. MACHIAS, r. Me. formed of 2 branches, the E. and W. which unite in the town of Ma 322 MAC MAD chias, at a place called The Rim. It after wards widens into a considerable bay, and communicates with the ocean at Cross island, 6 m. below the junction of the 2 branches. MACHODICK, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac, 22 m. above Point Lookout. MAC KEAN, co. N. side of Pa. bounded N. by New York, E. by Potter co. S. by Clearfield and Jefferson cos. W. by Jefferson and Warren cos. Pop. 1,439. Chief town, Smithport. MAC KEANSBURG, v. Schuylkill co. Pa. 4 m. NE. from Orwigsburg. MAC KEEN, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 743 MAC KEESPORT, v. Alleghany co. Pa. on the right banks of Youghiogeny and Monon- guhela rivers, at their junction, 11 m. SE. from Pittsburg. MACKENZIE, Point, cape, on the NW. coast of America, in Cook s Inlet Lat. 61 13 N. MACKENZIE S RIVER, one of the largest rivers in N. America. It forms the outlet of Slave Lake, and falls into the Frozen Ocean, in about lat. 70 N. and Ion. 135 W. Its most distant sources are Unjigah or Peace river, anc Athapescow or Elk river. Its whole course is about 2,000 miles. MACKEY S VILLE, v. Burke co. N. C. MACKINTOSH, co. Geo. on the coast a the mouth of the Alatamaha. Pop. 4,998, of whom 3,903 are colored. Chief town, Darien At the court-house, 12 m. N. from Darien, is a post-office. MAC LEOD S LAKE, lake, New Caledo nia, 60 or 70 m. in circumference, which dis charges its waters through an outlet into Peace river. On its banks is a fort of the NW. Fur company, in Ion. 124 W. ; lat. 55 N. MAC LEOMSBOROUGH, v. Hamilton co II. 60 m. NE. from Vandalia. MAC LINTON, v. Abbeville district, S.C. MAC MAHON S CREEK, r. Ohio, whicl runs into the Ohio, 5 m. below Wheeling. MAC MINN, co. Ten. bounded SE. b; Monroe, SW. by Hiwassee river, NW. b) Rhea, and NE. by Roane and Blount. Lengtl 30 m. mean width 20. Surface hilly, and soi varied. Pop. in 1820, 1,623 ; in 1830, 14,497 Chief town, Athens. MAC MINVILLE, t. and seat of justice Warren co. Ten. 70 m. SE. from Nashville 644 from W. MACOKETCH, Great, r. Louisiana, which runs into the Mississippi. Lat. 41 38 N. MACOMB, co. Michigan Territory, on th river Huron of St. Clair. Pop. 2,414. Chief town, Mount Clemens. MACON, t. and cap. Bibb co. Geo. on th Oakmulgee river, 35 m. WSW- from Milledge ville. It is a place of considerable trade, an has a bank and a printing-office. MACON, r. NE. part of La. It rises in Missouri, and pursuing a S. course unites wit the Tensaw. Lat. 31 42 N. MACONSVILLE, v. Northampton co.N.C MACVEYTOWN, v. Mifflin co. Pa. MADBURY, t. Strafford co. N. H. 11 m NW. from Portsmouth, 36 from Concord Pep. 510. MADDINSBOROUGH, t. Miso. 15 m. S. rom St. Genevieve. MADISON, co. N. Y. bounded by Onon- lago W. Oneida Lake NW. Oneida co. NE. Otsego SE. and Chenango S. Length 28 m. mean width 20. It lies in an elevated position, .nd several streams which rise in it, flow in lifferent directions, as the Chenango and Una- dilla rivers, which run S. into the Susquehan- lah, and the Chittenango, Oneida, and Cane- serago creeks, which enter Oneida Lake ; and some creeks which flow into the Mohawk The surface is broken, but the soil is produc- ive. Pop. 39,037, Chief town, Cazenovia. MADISON, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the iennebeck river, 10 m. above Norridgewock. op. 1,272. MADISON, t. Madison co. N. Y. on the leads of Chenango river and Oriskany creek, 22 m. SW. from Utica. Pop. 2,544. MADISON, t. Columbia co. Pa. between reenwood and Derry, 5 m. N. from Danville. MADISON, co. Va. bounded SE. S. and SW. by Orange co. or the Rapid Ann river, NW. by the Blue Ridge, or Shenandoah co. and NE. and E. by Culpeper. It is about 28 m. square ; drained by various creeks of the Rapid Ann ; the surface somewhat hilly, and soil tolerably good. Staples, flour and tobacco. Pop. in 1820, 8,490; in 1830, 9,236: Chief town, Madison. MADISON, v. Madison co. Va. on Robert- son s river, branch of Rapid Ann, 45 m. W. from Fredericksburg. MADISON, v. Amherst co. Va. on the left bank of James river, opposite Lynchburg. MADISON, co. Geo. on Broad river, bound ed S. by Oglethorpe, SW. by Clark, W. by Jackson, NW. and N. by Franklin, and NE. by Elbert Length 30 m. mean width 10. Surface uneven, but soil productive. Pop. 4,626. Chief town, Danielsville. MADISON, t. and seat of justice, Morgan co. Geo. 50 m. NNW. from Milledgeville, 648 m. from W. MADISON, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Union, E. by Franklin, S. by Fayette, and W. by Clark and Champaign cos. It is about 28 m. long, from N. to S. by 19 broad, from E. to W. This county contains extensive bodies of fine land, well adapted to agriculture and gra zing. Pop. in 1820, 4,799; in 1830, 6,190. Chief town, London. MADISON, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,280. MADISON, t. Muskingum co.Ohio, E. from Muskingum river, and containing the village of Haymarket. Pop. 589. MADISON, t. in the NE. part of Highland co. Pop. 1,609. MADISON, t. NE. part of Geauga co. Ohio. Grand river runs through this t. Pop. 1,898. MADISON, t. Richland co. Ohio, in which is situated the village of Mansfield. Pop. 2,138. MADISON, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 743. MADISON, SE. t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop 1,745. MADISON, NE. t. Pickaway co. Ohio Pop. 976. MAD MAL 323 MADISON, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 942. MADISON, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 438. MADISON NE. t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 837. MADISON, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 904. MADISON, SE. t Clark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,163. MADISON, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 1,478. MADISON, t Montgomery co. Ohio, W. from Miami river, and adjoining to the co. of Preble. Pop. 1,246. MADISON, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 123 m. SW. from Columbus. Pop. 284. MADISON, t. Butler co. Pop. 2,128. MADISON, NE. t Perry co. Pop. 1,058. MADISON, v. and seat of justice, Jefferson co. In. on the Ohio river, 75 m. above Louis ville, 75 below Cincinnati, and 576 from W. Pop. about 2,500. It has already one print- ing-office and a bank. MADISON, eo. in W. Ten. bounded on the N. by Gibson and Carroll, E. by Henderson S. by M Nairy and Hardiman, W. by Hay- wood. Pop. 11,750. Jackson is the capital. MADISON, co. Alabama, on the N. side of Tennessee river. Pop. 28,011. Chief town Huntsville. MADISON, t. Rhea co. Ten. MADISON, co. Ken. Chief town, Rich mond. MADISON, or Pikeville, t and cap. Bledsoe co. Tennessee, on the Sequatchee, 35 m. above its junction with the Tennessee, 100 W. from Knoxville, 105 E. from Nashville, 608 from W MADISON, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi opposite the mouth of the Missouri. Pop. 6,229 Chief town, Edwardsville. MADISON, v. Madison co. Illinois. MADISON, co. Missouri, on the St. Fran cis. Pop. 2,371. Chief town, Fredericktown MADISON, r. Missouri, one of the forks of the river Missouri. MADISON VILLE, t St. Tammany co. La on Lake Ponchartrain, at the mouth of the Chefuncti, 27 m. N. from New Orleans, an< 127 N. from Natchez. MADISONVILLE, t. and cap. Hopkins co Ken. 738 m. from W. Pop. 112. MADRID, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the St. Lawrence, 250 m. N W. from Albany. Pop 3,459. Here is an academy at a village calle Hamilton. MADRID, New, district, Miso. Pop. 2,351 Chief town, Winchester. MADRID, New, t. New Madrid district Miso. on W. side of the river Mississippi, 7 m. below the mouth of the Ohio, 148 S. frorr St. Louis. Lon. 89 30 W. ; lat. 36 36 N This town was originally laid out on an exten sive plan, and with the expectation of its be coming a great city. It is built on grounc somewhat higher than the ordinary bank o: the Mississippi, but is, however, exposed to th ravages of the river, and is also environed bot] above and below with stagnant muddy creeks It is not in a flourishing state at presen though the country around is good. MAD RIVER, r. N. H. which runs S\V into the Merrimack, in Campton. MAD RIVER, t. Champaign co. Ohio. *op. 1,731. MAD RIVER, r. Ohio, runs SW. into the heat Miami, at Day ton. Length 55 m. MAD RIVER, t. Clark co. Ohio. MAGAUGUADAVICK, r.New Brunswick, which runs into Passamaquoddy Bay, opposite St. Andrews. It has falls at the head of tide waters, 6 m. from its mouth, and another 9 m. arther up the river, at both of which saw-mills are erected, and immense quantities of pine and other lumber yearly manufactured. At he lower falls is a settlement containing two ihurches and about 700 inhabitants. There is also a small settlement at the upper falls. MAGAZINE MOUNTAIN, Arkansas ter. >n the S. side of Arkansas river, 10 m. above he junction of the Petit John. It is 1,000 or 1,200 feet high. MAGDALEN RIVER, r. L/C. which runs nto the river St. Lawrence, in Ion. 65 5 W. ; at. 49 12 N. MAGDALENA, r. Mexico, in Texas, which runs into the sea, between the rivers Flores and Mexicano. MAGDALENE ISLANDS, cluster of isls. 7 in number, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 42 m. NW. from the island of Cape Breton. Lon. 61 40 W. ; lat. 47 13 to 47 42 N. MAGPIE RIVER, r. Canada, which runs nto the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 6 m. W. from the St. John. MAHANOY MOUNTAINS, are one ridge between Mahanoy and Catawissa rivers ; and another between Mahanoy river and Shamokin creek. MAHANTANGO, r. Pa. runs W. into the Susquehannah, 18 m. below Sunbury ; another which runs E. into the Susquehannah, 2 m. above the former. MAHONING, r. Venango co. Pa. runs W. into the Alleghany, 5 m. SE. from Franklin. MAHONING, r. rises in Ohio, and passing into Pennsylvania, joins the Ohio river. MAHONY, r. Pa. which runs W. into the Susquehannah, 10 m. S. from Sunbury. MAHONY, mt. Pa. N. of the Mahony r. MAIDEN CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Schuylkill, 7 m. N. from Reading. MAIDSTONE, t. Essex co. U.C. on the S. side of Lake St. Clair. MAIDSTONE, t. Essex co. Vt. on Connec- ticut r. 53 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 236 MAILLARD, bold promontory, in L. C. on the N. coast of the St. Lawrence, 22 m. below the island of Orleans. MAINE, one of the U. S. See page 45. MAISY, Cape , the E. extremity of the island of Cuba. Lon. 74 4 15" W. ; lat. 20 20 N. MALABAR, cape, on SE. extremity of Mass. Lon. 69 55 W. ; lat. 41 34 N. MALAGA, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 30 m. S from Philadelphia. MALAGA, v. Monroe co. Ohio, 147 m. SE: by E. from Columbus. MALBAY, r. L. C. which falls into the St. Lawrence from the N. nearly opposite to the Camarouska islands, 90 m. below Quebec. MALDEN, Fort, now in ruins, was situated 324 MAL MAN on the river Detroit, Essex co. U. C. opposite Isle au Bois Blanc. MALDEN, t. in the co. of Essex, U. C. is situated at the mouth of Detroit river, on the E. side of the strait, having Colchester to the E. and Huron to the N. and including the vil lage of Amherstburg. MALDEN, t. Middlesex co. Mass, situated between Medford and Lynn, 5 m. NE. from Boston. It is united to Charlestown by Mys tic bridge. Pop. 2,010. MALLOYSVILLE, v. Wilkes co. Geo. 82 m. NE. from Milledgeville. MALONE, t. and cap. Franklin co. N. Y. 42 m. W. from Plattsburg, 220 N. from Alba- ny, 523 from W. Pop. 2,207. The village stands on Salmon river. MALTA, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. the princi pal village, 7 m. W. from Saratoga, and 5 m. SE. from Ballston Spa. Pop. 1,517. MAMARONECK, t. Westchester co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 23 m. NE. from New York. Pop. 838. Its harbor admits vessels of 100 tons. MAMELLE, mountains, Arkansas Ter. on the S. side of Arkansas river, below the junc tion of the Poteau. They are estimated to exceed 1,000 feet in height, and are supposed to be connected with the Mazern mountains. MAMMOTH CAVE, Ken. See page 130. MAMOKATING, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. con taining the village of Bloomingburg, 23 m. W. from Newburgh. Pop. 3,062. MANASQUAN, r. N. J. runs into the At lantic. Lon. 74 8 W. ; lat. 40 8 N. MANATAWNY CREEK, r. Montgomery co. Pa. runs into the Schuylkill, at Pottsgrove. MANATOULIN ISLANDS, U. C. extend ing from the W. side of Lake Huron in an E. direction 160 m. Many of them are from 20 to 30 m. long. MANAYUNK, v. Philadelphia co. Pa. It stands on the E. bank of the Schuylkill. MANBY POINT, cape, on the NW. coast of America, forming the W. point at the en trance of Behring s Bay. Lon. 219 17 E. ; lat. 59 47 N. MANCENILLA, bay, on the N. side of St. Domingo. Lon. 71 50 7 W. ; lat. 19 50 N. MANCHAC, a pass or channel, forming a communication between Lakes Maurepas and Ponchartrain, about 6 m. long. MANCHAC, t. Louisiana, on the E. bank of the Mississippi, 20 m. below Baton Rouge. MANCHAC BAYOU. See Iberville. MANCHESTER, t. Bennington co. Vt. 22 m. N. of Bennington, and 44 NE. of Troy in N. York. Pop. 1,525. MANCHESTER, t. Essex co. Mass, a few miles NE. of Beverly. Pop. 1,238. MANCHESTER, t Niagara co. N. Y. at the cataract of Niagara. A bridge now con nects this place with Goat Island. MANCHESTER, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 8 m. SW. by W. from Utica. MANCHESTER, v. Baltimore co. Md. on the road from Baltimore to Carlisle, 33 m. from the former, and 42 from the latter. MANCHESTER, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 10 m. N. from Canandaigua, on the road to the Sulphur Springs, and on Canandaigua outlet. Pop. 2,811. MANCHESTER, v. Chesterfield co. Va. on the S. side of James river, opposite Richmond, and 33 m. NW. of Williamsburg. MANCHESTER, v. Sumpter district, S. C. on Wateree river, about 5 m. above the mouth of Congaree. MANCHESTER, v. and seat of justice, Clay co. Ken. about 120 m. SE. from Frank fort, 558 m. from W. Pop. 159. MANCHESTER, v. pleasantly situated on the bank of the Ohio, in Adams co. Ohio, 100 m. S. by W. from Columbus, and 73 in the same direction from Chillicothe. MANCHESTER, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 831. MANCHESTER, v. Dearborn co. In. 94 m. SE. from Indianapolis. MANCHESTER, v. St. Louis co. Miso. 17 m. from St. Louis. MANCHESTER, t. Hillsborough co. N. H on the E. bank of the Merrimack, 16 m. S. from Concord, 42 W. from Portsmouth. Pop. 877. MANCHESTER HOUSE, one of the Hud son Bay Company s factories, N. America, on the Saskatchawine, 100 m. W. from Hudson s House, 75 SE. from Buckingham House. Lon. 109 20 W. ; lat. 53 14 18" N. MANCHESTER VILLAGE, v. on the Oriskany creek, where crossed by the great western road, Oneida co. N. Y. 9 m. a little S. of W. from Utica. MANDAN, Indian village, on Missouri river, 1,600 m. from the Mississippi. Lon. 100 50 W. ; lat 47 20 N. Here Lewis and Clark encamped during the winter of 1804-5, on their voyage up the Missouri. MANHEIM, t Herkimer co. N. Y. on the E. side of Mohawk river, above the mouth of East Canada creek. Pop. 1,937. MANHEIM, t. York co. Pa. It is situated in the SW. corner of the co. adjoining Md. Chief town, Hanover. MANHEIM, v. Lancaster co. Pa. on the W. side of Conestoga creek, between Moravia and Little Conestoga creeks, immediately N. from the city of Lancaster. MANICOUGAN, river of L. C. rises in the recesses of Labrador, flows into and again out of Manicougan Lake, and assuming a course of SSW. enters St. Lawrence river, nearly opposite the paps of Matane, 200 m. below Quebec. M ANIEL, mt. of St. Domingo, 20 m. in cir cumference, and so high and craggy, that it is almost inaccessible. MANLIUS, t. Onondago co. N. Y. between the Salt Lake and Lake Oneida, 42 m. W. of Whitestown, on Mohawk river. Pop. 7,375 MANLIUS CENTRE, or Manlius Square, a very prosperous v. on the great western road, in Onondago co. N. Y. 34 m. NE. by E. from Auburn. MANNAHAWKIN, v. Monmouth co. N. J. MANMAR 325 upon the Atlantic coast, containing about 30 dwelling-houses, and a Baptist and Methodist meeting-house. It lies 8 m. from Tuckerton. MANNSVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 148 in. NW. from Albany. MANSFIELD, t. Chittenden co. Vt 20 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 279. Mansfield Mountain, one of the loftiest of the Green Mountains, lies chiefly in this town. MANSFIELD, t. Bristol co. Mass. 12 m. N. from Taunton, 30 SSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,172. MANSFIELD, t. Holland co. Ct. 25 m. E. from Hartford. This town is celebrated for the culture of silk. It contains two cotton factories and five houses of public worship. Pop. 2,661. MANSFIELD, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Musconecunk, 7 m. SE. from Oxford. MANSFIELD, v. Tioga co. N. Y. MANSFIELD, t. Burlington co. N. J. It is 8 m. NE. from Burlington. Pop. 2,083. MANSFIELD, v. Warren co. N. J. on the Musconecunk river, 10 m. SE. from Oxford. Pop. 3,303. MANSFIELD, t and seat of justice, for Richland co. Ohio, containing 840 inhabitants. It stands 73 m. NE. from Columbus, and 380 from W. MANSFIELD, v. Amelia co. Va. 20 m by land above Petersburg. MANSFIELD CENTRE, v. Windham co. Ct. 35 m. NE. from Hartford. MANSFIELD ISLAND, island in Hud son s Bay. Lon. 80 40 W. ; lat. 62 5 N. MANTUA, t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuya- hoga river, 10 m. N. from Ravenna. Pop. 949. MANUEL S FORT, Missouri Territory, on the Yellow-stone. Lon. 106 30 W. ; lat. 46 N. MARATHON, now Moulton, t. and seat of justice, Lawrence co. Al. on the left bank of Tennessee river, 35 m. W. from Huntsville, 779 from W. MARBLEHEAD, t Essex co. Mass. 4 m. SE. from Salem, 16 NE. from Boston. Lat. 42 32> N. ; Ion. 70 50 W. It contains a bank, a custom-house, and 5 houses for public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Epis copalians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists. The harbor lies in front of the town, and ex- tends from SW. to NE. about a mile and a half in length, and is half a mile broad. It is convenient, and well defended by Fort Sewall. The inhabitants of this town are more exten sively engaged in the bank fisheries than any other in the U. S. Pop. 5,150. MARBLETOWN, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 10 m. W. from Kingston. Pop. 3,223. MARCELLUS, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on Skeneateles Lake, 10 m. W. from Onondaga, 60 W. from Utica. Pop. 2,626. In this town is the village of Skeneateles. MARCUS HOOK, v. Delaware co. Pa. on the Delaware, 20 m. below Philadelphia. MARENGO, v. Seneca co. N. Y. MARENGO, co. Al. bounded W. by Tom- bigbee and Black Warrior rivers, N. by Tusca- loosa co. E. and SE. by Dallas, and S. by Clarke. Length 60 m. mean width 20. Sur face hilly, and soil of a poor quality, except near the streams. Plenty of good pine timber grows here. The valleys produce cotton, which is the principal article of trade. Chief town, Eagleville. Pop. in 1820, 3,933; in 1830, 7,742. MARGALLAWAY, r. which rises in the mountains which separate Canada from Maine, runs southerly, partly in Maine and partly in N. Hampshire, and flows into Umbagog Lake. This is the head branch of the Androscog- gin. MARGARETTA, t. Huron co. Ohio. MARGARETTA S CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Hockhocking, opposite Athens. MARGARETTSVILLE, v. Washington co. Md. 10 m. S. by E. from Elizabethtown. MARGOT, r. Mississippi, which runs into the Mississippi, lat. 35 28 N. The ground below its junction with the Mississippi is ele vated and pleasant, and the soil remarkably fertile. MARGUERITE, r. N. America, which runs into Lake Michigan, Ion. 85 34 W. ; lat. 44 2 N. MARIA, r. N. America, which rises in the Rocky Mountains and runs into the Missouri, 54 m. below the Great Falls. MARIANNE ISLANDS, 3 small islands in Lake Borgne, Mississippi. MARIA S RIVER, branch of Missouri, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, near lat. 50 N. Its general course is SE. into the Missouri, which it joins about 50 m. below the Great Falls. MARIE, r. II. which runs into the Missis sippi, between the Auvase and the Kaskaskias. MARIE, Cape Dame, the W. point of St. Domingo, which, with the Cape St. Nicholas, forms the entrance of the Bay of Leogane. Lon. 74 26 W.; lat. 18 38 N. It is 60 leagues W. from Port au Prince. MARIETTA, bor. Lancaster co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susquehannah, 12 m. W. from Lancaster, 3 N. from Columbia. Pop. 6,058, including the township of Donegal. MARIETTA, t. and cap. Washington co, Ohio, on the W. bank of the Ohio river, im mediately above the mouth of the Muskingum, 178 m. below Pittsburg, 93 E. by N. from Chillicothe, 109 SE. from Columbus, 61 SE. from Zanesville. Lat. 39 25 N.; Ion. 81 30 W. 304 from W. It contains 2 churches, an academy, the public county buildings, two printing-offices, a bank, 20 stores, about 90 houses, and the whole township 1,914 inhabit- ants. The people are noted for their industry and sobriety, and the politeness and urbanity of their manners. Ships were formerly built here ; but from some cause the business has been discontinued. The situation of the town is unfortunate ; parts of it being liable to an nual inundation. Pop. 1,207. MARIEGALANTE, one of the leeward Caribbee islands, in the W. Indies, subject to the French, extending 16 m. from N.to S. and 4 from E. to W. It is full of hills, and along the E. shore are lofty perpendicular rocks, that 326 MAR MAR shelter vast numbers of tropical birds. It has several large caverns, with many little streams and ponds of fresh water. It is covered with trees, and particularly abounds with tobacco .and the wild cinnamon-tree. It is 30 m. N. of Dominica, and 40 E. of Guadaloupe. Lon. 61 .ll W.; lat. 1552 N. MARION, co. Miss, bounded by Hancock co. in Miss. SE. Washington parish, in Lou. S. Pike co. W Covington and Lawrence on the N Pop. 3,701. Chief town, Columbia. MARION, district, S.C. Pop. 11,208. Chief- town, Gilesborough. MARION, co. Geo. Pop. 1,327, of whom 109 are colored. MARION, t. and cap. Twiggs co. Geo. MARION, v. Marion co. Al. MARION, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Crawford, E. by Richland, S. by Delaware and Union cos. and on the W. by Hardin co. It is 33 m. long from E. to W. and 18 broad from N. to S. Pop. 6,558. Chief town, Ma- rion. MARION, v. and cap. Marion co. Ohio, on the road from Columbus to Perryville, 48 m. NW. from Columbus, and 416 from W. Pop. 287. MARION, v. Cole co. Miso. 144 m. W. from St. Louis. MARION, C. H. Marion district, S. C. 124 in. a little N. of E. from Columbia. MARION, co. Ten. bounded S. by Al. and Geo. W. and NW. by Franklin, N. by Bled- soe, and E. oy Hamilton and the Cherokee lands ; length 32, mean width 18 m. Surface hilly, and in part mountainous. Tennessee river crosses its SE. angle. Chief town, Jas per. Pop. in 1820, 3,888 ; in 1830, 5,516. MARION, co. Al. bounded W. by Monroe co. in Miss, and the Chickasaw lands, N. by Franklin co. in Al. NE. by Lawrence, and E. by Blount and Jefferson. Length, 50 m. mean width 30. Pop. 4,058. Chief town, PikeviUe. MARION, co. In. Chief town, Indianapolis, the capital of the state. Pop. 7,181. MARKLES MILL, v. Vigo co. In. MARLBOROUGH, t Greenville co. U. C. MARLBOROUGH, t. Middlesex co. U. C. MARLBOROUGH, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 5 m. SE. from Keene. Pop. 822. MARLBOROUGH, t Windham co. Vt 44 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,218. MARLBOROUGH, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 16 m. E. from Worcester, 27 W. from Boston. Pop. 2,074. MARLBOROUGH, t. Hartford co. Ct. 17 m. SE. from Hartford. Pop. 704. MARLBOROUGH, t .Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 23 m. below Kingston. Pop. 2,272. It has 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Presbyterians. MARLBOROUGH, Lower, v. Calvert co. Md. on the Patuxent, 30 m. SW. from An napolis. MARLBOROUGH, Upper, t. and cap. Prince George co. Md. on the Patuxent, 21 m. SW. from Annapolis. MARLBOROUGH, district, S. C. Pop. 8,578. At the court-house is a post-office. MARLBOROUGH, t. in the northern bor ders of Delaware co. Ohio, which is situated in the village of Norton. Pop. 504. MARLBOROUGH, v. Marlborough dis trict, S. C. 94 m. NE. from Columbia. MARLBOROUGH, New, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 23 m. SSE. from Lenox, 118 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,656. A mineral spring has been discovered here. MARLEY S STORE, v. Sampson co. N.C. MARLOW, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 33 m. W. from Concord. Pop. 645. MARQUESADO, Villa del, t Mexico, 48 leagues SE. from Mexico. Lon. 277 10 W. ; lat. 18 2 N. MARQUETTE, r. Michigan, which runs W. and falls into Lake Michigan. MARQUIS ISLANDS, cluster of small isl ands in the Florida stream. Lon. 81 30 W.; lat. 24 35 N. MARRATTICK, t. Halifax co. N. C. on the S. bank of the Roanoke, at the foot of the lower falls. It has a pleasant and advantageous situation. MARR S BLUFF, v. Liberty district, S. C. MARSH ISLAND, isl. Maine, in the Pe- nobscot, 4 m. above Bangor. MARSHALL VILLE, v. Anson co. N. C. MARSHALLSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. MARSHALLTON, v. Chester co. Va. MARSHFIELD, t. Washington co. Vt 11 m. ENE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,271. MARSHFIELD, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 15 m. NNW. from Plymouth, 30 SE. from Bos ton. Pop. 1,563. MARSHPEE. SeeMashpee. MARSHY-HOPE, r. Md. which rises in Delaware, and runs SW. into the Nanticoke, 5 m. NE. from Vienna. MARTHA S RIVER, r. N. America, which runs into the Missouri, 60 m. above the Yel low-stone. MARTHASVILLE, t St. Charles district, Missouri territory, 40 m. W. from St. Charles. MARTHASVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Miso. 66 m. W. from St. Louis. MARTHA S VINEYARD, isl. Mass. 8 m. S. from Falmouth, 12 WSW. from Nantucket, 19 m. long, and from 2 to 10 broad. Lon. 70 40 W. ; lat. 41 40 N. The greatest part of the island is low and level land. In some parts the soil is fertile, but a great proportion is un productive. The trees on the island are small. The principal manufactures are those of woo. and salt. The island contains 3 towns, Ed gartown, Tisbury, and Chilmark. MARTICVILLE, v. Lancaster co. Pa. MARTIN, Cape, promontory of Valencia, in Spain, which separates the Gulf of Valen cia from that of Alicant. Lon. 36 E. ; lat. 38 54 N. MARTIN, co. N. C. bounded by Beaufort SE. Pitt SW. Edgecombe W. Halifax NW. Roanoke river, or Bertie N. and Washington E. Length 35 m. mean width about 14- Chief town, Williamston. Pop. in 1820, 6,320 ; in 1830, 6,320. MARTIN, co, In, bounded by Owen and MAR MAT 327 Davies S. Sullivan and Vigo W. Wabash and Delaware NW. and Monroe and Lawrence E. Length 47 m. width 24. The W. branch of White River runs through this co. from NW. to SE. The soil is generally very good. Chief town, Mount Pleasant. Pop. in 1820, 1,032 ; in 1830, 2,010. MARTINICO, one of the Windward Car- ibbee Islands, in the West Indies, 40 m. in length, and 100 in circumference. There are many high mountains, covered with trees, as well as several rivers and fertile valleys, but they produce neither wheat nor vines. It produces sugar, cotton, ginger, indigo, chocolate, aloes, pimento, plantains, and other tropical fruits; and is extremely populous. Some of the an cient inhabitants still remain. It has several safe and commodious harbors, well fortified. Fort St. Pierre, the principal place, is in Ion. 61 20 W. ; lat. 14 14 N. MARTINSBOROUGH, t N. C. on Tar r. 20 m. above Washington. MARTINSBURG, t. and cap. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 48 m. NE. from Utica, 144 NW. from Albany, 431 from W. Pop. 2,382. Here is a pleasant and flourishing vil lage, which contains a court-house, a jail, a meeting-house, a paper-mill, and other valuable mills. MARTINSBURG, t. and cap. Berkeley co. Va. 8 m. S. of the Potomac, 22 NNE. from Winchester, 71 from W. It contains a court house, a jail, an academy, an Episcopal church, and about 150 houses. It is situated in a rich and beautiful country. MARTINSBURG, t. Hopkins co. Ken. MARTINSBURG, v. in the northern part of Bedford co. Pa. 27 miles NNE. from Bed ford. MARTINSVILLE, v. Henry co. Va. 20 m. WNW. from Danville. MARY ANN FORGE, v. Somerset co. Pa. MARYLAND, one of the U. S. See page 87. MARYLAND, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 16 m. S. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,834. MARYLAND POINT, a point formed by a bend in the Potomac, Md. 12 m. SW. from Port Tobacco. MARYSVILLE, t. and cap. Charlotte co. Va. about 34 m. SE. from Lynchburg, 187 from W. MARYSVILLE, v. Campbell co. Va. MARYSVILLE, v. Harrison co. Ken. MARYVILLE, t. and cap. Blount co. Ten. 15 m. S. from Knoxville, 532 from W. It con tains a court-house, a jail, and a bank. MASCOM Y POND, N. H. in Enfield and Lebanon, chiefly in the former. It is 1,250 rods in length, and 250 in breadth. MASCOMY, r. N. H. which runs into the Connecticut, in Lebanon ; 7 m. long. MASCONTIN, r. Illinois, which empties into the Wabash, between Vincennes and Fort Harrison. MASCOUCHE, r. L. Canada, which falls into the river St. John, about 12 m. before the latter joins the St. Lawrence. MASCOURY, Point de, cape on the north coast of St. Domingo. Lon. 71 10 W. ; lat. 19 45 N. MASHPEE, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 11 m. S. from Sandwich, 13 SW. from Barnstable. It has 2 harbors, Popponesset Bay, and Wa- quoit Bay, both of which have bars at their mouths. MASON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 12 m SW. from Amherst, 42 SSW. from Concord. Pop. 1,403. MASON, co. NW. side of Va. bounded NE. by Wood co. SE. and S. by Kenhawa co. and W. and N W. by the Ohio ; 352 m from W Pop. 6,534. Chief town, Point Pleasant. MASON, co. Ken. bounded by the Ohio r. NE. Lewis E. Fleming SE. and S. Nicholas SW. and Bracken W.; length 18 m. mean width 14. Surface uneven, though there are considerable tracts of excellent soil on streams, particularly the Ohio. Staples, grain, flour, whisky, &c. Chief towns, Washington, and the seat of justice, Maysville. Pop. in 1820, 13,588; in 1830, 16,203. MASON HALL, v. Orange co. N. C. MASON S ISLAND, small id. in the Poto mac ; Ion. 77 13 W. ; lat. 39 N. MASONVILLE, t. Delaware co. N. Y. ad jacent to the SE. angle of Chenango co. 26 m. W. from Delhi. MASSABESICK POND, N. H. mostly in Chester, but partly in Manchester. It is a beautiful sheet of water, about 3 m. long, con taining 1,512 acres. MASSAC CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, Ion. 89 25 W. ; lat. 36 47 N. MASSACHUSETTS, State of. See p. 54. MASSACHUSETTS BAY, between Cape Ann on the N. and Cape Cod on the S. MASSACRE ISLAND, Al. 2 m. E. from Horn island, 10 m. from the main land. MASSASINWAY, r. In. unites with Little river at Fort Tecumseh to form the Wabash. MASSENA, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence. MASSERN, a hill on the S. side of the Ar kansas, near Fort Smith. MASSIE S CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Lit tie Miami, 4 m. above Xenia. There are falls near its mouth. MATACA, Mantaca, commodious bay on the N. coast of the island of Cuba, 35 m. E. of Havana ; Ion. 89 16 W. ; lat. 23 12 N. MATANCHET, t. Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 105 24 W. ; lat. 20 45 N. ^ MATANE, r. L. C. which falls into the S. side of the St. Lawrence, near its mouth. MATANZA RIVER, an inlet of the sea on the E. coast of Florida, 20 m. S. from St. Augustine. MATANZAS, t. on the N. coast of Cuba, 60 m. E. from Havana. It has a large and safe harbor. Lon. 81 30 W. ; lat. 23 3 N. Pop. 7,000. MATAOUASCHIE RIVER, r. U. Canada, runs into the Ottawa river, above the river du Rideau. MATAPEDIACH, Lake, L.C. the source of Ristigouche river. 328 MAT MEA MATCHEDASH, bay, in the eastern part of Lake Huron, into which the river Severn empties, and forms a communication with Lake Simcoe, U. C. MATILDA, v. Fairfax co. Va. on the Poto mac, near the Great Fall. MATILDA, t. Dundas co. U. Canada, on the St. Lawrence. MATILDAVILLE, v. Fairfax co. Va. at the mouth of Difficult creek, 17 miles above Washington City. MATINICUS, isls. Maine, S. of Penobscot Bay. Lon. 68 20 W ; lat. 43 56 N. MATTALUCK, r. Ct which at Waterbury takes the name of Naugatuck. MATTAPOISETTS, v. Plymouth co. Mass, 20 m. SSW. from Plymouth, and 66 a little E. ofS. from Boston. MATTAPONY, r. Va. rises in Spottsylva- nia co. and running SE. joins the Pamunky at Delaware, to form York river. It admits load ed flats to Downer s Bridge, 70 m. above its mouth. MATTHEWS, co. Va. commencing 8 m S, from the mouth of the Potomac. There is a post-office at the court-house. Pop. in 1820, 6,920 ; in 1830, 7,663. MATTHEWS, C. H. Matthews co. Va. 108 m. E. from Richmond. MATTITUCK, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. on Po- conic bay, 8 m. SW. from Southold, and 85 E. from New York. MAUCHCHUNK, v. Northampton co. Pa. on the right bank of the Lehigh, 30 m. by land above Bethlehem. It is the landing for the coal procured on a mountain of the same name. Pop. 1,362. MAUGERVILLE, t. New Brunswick, in Sunbury co. on St. John s river. MAUMEE, r. rises in Indiana, flows NE. into the NW. angle of Ohio, through which it continues NE. and falls into the extreme SW. extension of Lake Erie. About 18 m. above its mouth it is impeded by shoals, occasioned by a series of ledges of rock, which cross the river for a distance of 18 miles. It is a fine navigable stream above and below these shoals. Its principal branches, which all unite above the shoals, are St. Mary s, St. Joseph s, and Great and Little Auglaize. MAUMEE BAY, is an oval sheet of water, 5 m. long and about 2 wide, and at the mouth of the Maumee river; it is united to Lake Erie by two channels, formed by a small island in the form of a crescent The western chan nel has a depth of about 7 feet MAUMEE, v. Wood co. Ohio, on the left bank of Maumee river, above its lower falls, and nearly opposite Fort Meigs. Lat 41 33 N. ; Ion. from W. 6 44 W. MAUREPAS, lake, La. It is formed by a dilation of the Amite river, and communicates with Lake Ponchartrain by a strait 7 miles in length, called the pass of Manchac. It is of an oval figure, 12 m. by 7. It receives from the S. the Acadian creek, from the W. New river and Amite river, and from the N. the Tickoshah. Its depth is about 12 feet, but the pass of Manchac admits of vessels of 6 feet draft only. MAURICE, r. N. J. which runs into Dela ware Bay in Cumberland co. It is navigable 20 m. for vessels of 100 tons. MAURICE, ST. r. L. C. which enters the St. Lawrence from the N. at the town of Three Rivers. MAURICE, ST. co. L. C. on both sides of St. Maurice river, and extends along the NE. shore of St. Lawrence river, from 3 m. above St. Anne river to 6 m. above the Majkinonge, or about 58 m. Its capital is the town of Three Rivers, the third in size in Canada. MAURICE RIVER, t Cumberland co. N. J. Pop 2,085. MAURY, co. W. Ten. bounded by Giles S. Hickman W. Duck river or Williamson N. Bedford E. Length 35 m. mean width 20, area 700 sq. m. Surface hilly. Soil excellent. Staple cotton. Chief town, Columbia, 40 m. SSW. from Nashville. Pop. in 1820, 22,141. Lat. 35 30 N. ; Ion. 10 W. from W. MAY, r. S. C. which runs into the Atlantic. Lon. 80 55 W.; lat. 32 15 N. MAYFIELD, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 40 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,614. MAYLICK, a salt spring, in Mason co. Ken. 9 m. SSW. from W. MAYO, r. which rises in Va. and runs into the Dan, hi N. C. MAY S LANDING, v. Gloucester co. N. J. MAY S LICK, t Mason co. Ken. MAYSVILLE, t Mason co. Ken. on the Ohio, 3 m. NE. from Washington, 60 NE. from Lexington, 63 above Cincinnati, 275 m. by land, and 500 by water, below Pittsburg. It has a fine harbor for boats, and is situated on a narrow bottom on the verge of a chain of high hills. There are three streets running parallel with the river, and four streets cross ing them at right angles. This place has the usual number of stores and manufactories. Glass and some other articles are manufactured to a considerable extent. It has a market- house, court-house, three houses for public wor ship, and some other public buildings. What has given particular importance to Maysville, is its being the principal place of importation for the NE. part of the state. The greater part of the goods for Kentucky from Philadel phia and the eastern cities, are landed here, and distributed hence over the state. It is a thriving, active town, and a number of steam boats have been built here. Pop. 2,040. MAYSVILLE, v. rnd seat of justice, Cha- tauque co. N. Y. at tae head of Chatauque Lake, 8 m. from Portland, on Lake Erie, 60 SW. from Buffalo, and 349 m. from W. MEAD, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Ohio river. Pop. 1,492. MEADOW RIVER, r. Maine, which runs into Casco Bay. MEADOW RIVER, r. N. America, which runs into La"ke Huron. Lon. 84 30 W.; lat, 45 38 N. MEADVILLE, t. and cap. Crawford co. Pa on French Creek, 25 m. W. from Franklin, 37 MEA MEN 329 S. from Erie, and 297 from W. Lon. 80 11 W. ; lat. 41 37 N. The village is very plea santly situated, regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a bank, an arsenal, a printing- office, from which is issued a weekly newspa per, a social library, an academy, and a col lege. Alleghany college was founded in this place in 1815 : it has a library of 8,000 vols. and is tolerably well endowed. Commencement is on the first Wednesday of July, after which there is a vacation of 6 weeks ; there is one other vacation from Dec. 25th to Jan. 15th Pop. 1,094. MEANSVILLE, or Towanda, t. and cap. Bradford co. Pa. on the eastern branch of the Susquehannah, 60 m. NW. from Wilkesbarre It contains the usual county building, and is a place of some trade. Pop. 987. MEANSVILLE, v. Union district, S. C. MECHANIC, v. in Washington township, Dutchess co. N. Y. 15| m. N. from Pough- keepsie. Here is a Quaker boarding-school The building is 3 stories high, and accommo dates 100 students. MECHANICS, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop 353. MECHANICSBURG, t. Cumberland co. Pa. MECHANICSBURG, v. Champaign co. Ohio, in the township of Goshen, 14 m. E. from Urbana, 26 NE. from Columbus. Pop. 99. MECHANICSTOWN, v. Frederick co. Md. MECHANICSVILLE, v. Saratoga co. N. Y MECHANICSVILLE, v. Darlington dis trict, S. C. MECKLENBURG, co. S. side of Va. bound ed N. by Lunenburg co. E. by Brunswick co. S. by N. C. and W. by Halifax and Charlotte cos. Pop. 20,366. Chief town, Boydton. MECKLENBURG, co. N. C. bounded by SC. S. and SW. by Catawba river or Lincoln co. N. C. NW. Iredell N. Cabarras NE. and Anson SE. Length 45 m. mean width 18. Surface rather uneven. Soil near the streams excellent, but in the intervals sterile. It is drained by several creeks flowing SW. into Catawba river. It produces grain, cotton, and tobacco. Chief town, Charlotte, 130 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. Pop. in 1820, 16,895 ; in MEDFIELD, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 18 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 817. MEDFORD, v. Middlesex co. Mass, on the Mystic river, 5 m. NW. of Boston. MEDFORD, v. Burlington co. N. J. 46 m. SE. from Trenton. MEDFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass, on Mystic river, 4 m. N. from Boston. Pop. 1,755. It is a pleasant, handsome, and flourishing town, and contains a grammar-school for lads, and a boarding-school for young ladies, and has a number of elegant houses. The river is navigable for vessels of considerable size to this place, where it meets the Middlesex canal. MEDICINE, r. N. America, which runs E, into the Missouri, 13 m. above the Great Falls. 2R MEDINA, co. in the N. part of Ohio, bound ed on the N. by Cuyahoga, E. by Portage, S by Wayne, and W. by Huron cos. It is 38 m. long from E. to W. and 20 broad from N. to.S. County-seat, Medina township. Black and Rocky rivers take their rise in this co Pop. in 1820, 3,082; in 1830, 7,560. MEDINA, t. and seat of justice for Medina co. Ohio, on the sources of the Rocky river, 26 m. SW. from Cleveland. MEDOMACK, t. Lincoln co. Me. MEDWAY, t Norfolk co. Mass, about 25 m. SW. from Boston, and about the same dis tance NE. from Providence, R. I. MEHERRIN, r. which rises in Virginia, and running into N. Carolina, unites with the Nottaway, 7 m. below the line, to form the Chowan river. MEIGS, co. Ohio, bounded E. and SE. by Ohio river, S. by Gallia and Athens, and N. by Athens. Length 30 m. breadth very unequal, from 12 to 22. Surface broken, though some of the soil is very good. Pop. in 1820, 4,480 ; in 1830, 6,159. Chief town, Salisbury. MEIGS, SE. t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 796. MEIGS, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,229. MEIGSVILLE, t. Morgan co. Ohio, 70 m. SE. by E. from Columbus. Pop. 684. MEIGSVILLE, v. Randolph co. Va. 317 m. NW. from Richmond. MEIGSVILLE, v. Jackson co. Ten. 84 m. NE. by E. from Nashville. MELBOURNE, t. Buckingham co. L. C. on the St. Francis river, 50 m. S. by E. from Three Rivers. MELVILLE, t. Cumberland co. N. J. MELVILLE ISLAND, the largest of the New Georgia islands, 135 m. long and 40 or 50 broad, in the Polar Sea, discovered by Capt- Parry. In Hecla and Griper s Bay, on the S. side of the island, the expedition under the Captain wintered, in 1819-1820. Cape Dun- das, the W. point, is in Ion 113 57 35" W. ; lat. 72 27 50" N. MELTONSVILLE, v. Anson co. N. C. 132 m. SW. from Raleigh. MEMPHIS, v. Shelby co. Ten. on the Mis sissippi river. It is situated on the site of Old Fort Pickering, and at the mouth of Loosa- hatchie river. MEMPHREMAGOG, lake, America, the greater part of which belongs to Canada, and the rest to the state of Vermont. It is 35 m. long, and 3 broad. It communicates with tho St. Lawrence, by the river St. Francis, and re ceives the waters of Black, Barton, and Clyde rivers, which rise in Vermont. MENAN, Little, id. Me. with a light-house, 2 m. SSE. from Goldsborough. MENDHAM, t. Morris co. N. J. 6 m. W. from Morristown. Pop. 1,314. MENDON, t. Worcester co. Mass. E. from the Pawtucket, 19 m. SE. from Worcester, 36 SW. from Boston. Pop. 3,152. It borders on Rhode Island, and is watered by Charles and Mill rivers, and contains a cotton manufactory, forge, and other valuable mills. 330 MEN MEX MENDON, t. Monroe co. N. Y., NW. from Canandaigua. Pop. 3,075. MENOMINIE, r. Michigan Ter. runs into Green Bay, 60 m. NE. from Fort Howard. It admits vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet water, and canoes ascend 60 leagues. MENTOR, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, on W. side of Paincsville. Pop. 703. MENTOS, t. La. on the Arkansas, 150 m. SW. from New Madrid. Lon. 92 40 W. ; lat. 35 21 N. MENTZ, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on the Erie canal, 12 m. NW. from Auburn. Pop. 4,144. In this town is the village of Montezuma. MERCER, t. Somerset co. Me. 11 m. W. from Nor ridge wick. Pop. 1,210. MERCER, co. Pa. bounded N. by Crawford co. E. by Venango co. S. by Beaver co. and W. by Ohio. Pop. 19,731. Chief town, Mercer. MERCER, bor. and seat of justice, Mercer co. Pa. on the W. side of Neshanoc creek, 57 m. a little W. of N. from Pittsburg, 267 from W. Pop. 656. MERCER, co. Ken. bounded by Lincoln SE. Casey S. Washington W. Franklin N. Kentucky river, or Woodford and Jessamine NE. and Garrard or Dick s river E. Length 26 m. mean width 14. Pop. in 1820, 15,587 ; in 1830, 17,706. Chief town, Harrodsburg. MERCER, co. Ohio, bounded W. by In. N. by Vauwert, E. by Allen and Shelby, and S. by Dark. Length 25 m. breadth 24. Pop. 1,110. MEREDITH, t. Strafford co. N. H. on W. side of Lake Winnipiseogee, 29 m. N. from Concord, 63 N W. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,683. The township contains a nail manufactory, 2 distilleries, and 4 houses of public worship. MEREDITH, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 8 m. N. from Delhi, 66 W. from Catskill, 69 SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,655. MERIDA, city, Mexico, cap. of the province of Yucatan, 70 m. NE. from Campeachy. Pop. 10,000. MERIDEN, t. New Haven co. Ct. 17 m. N. from New Haven, 17 S. from Hartford. Pop. 1,708. It contains 3 churches, 1 for Congre- gationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. Here are several manufactories of tin ware. MERIDIAN, v. Madison co. Missouri. MERIDIANVILLE, v. Madison co. Al. 8 m. N. from Huntsville. MERMENTAU, Mexicana, or Mentou, r. La. which, after a S. course of 200 m. falls into the Gulf of Mexico, 200 m. W. of the Missis sippi. In the lower part of its course, it ex- pands into a spacious lake, and again contracts to a small river. MEROM, t. and cap. Sullivan co. In. on the E. side of the Wabash, 35 m. above Vincennes. Its situation is elevated, commanding a view of the prairie country for 30 m. It is 688 m. from W. MERRIMACK, r. N. H. formed by the Union of the Pemigewasset and the Winni piseogee. It rises in Grafton co. and runs in a SE. direction through the state. It then en ters Massachusetts, makes a turn to the NE. and empties into the Atlantic Ocean below Newburyport. It is navigable to Haverhill The Middlesex canal connects this river with Boston harbor, and, by means of various im provements around the rapids and falls of the river, the navigation is now extended as high up as Concord. MERRIMACK, r. of Miso. rises in Frank lin co. flows NE. through Franklin, and sepa rating Jefferson from St. Louis, falls into the Mississippi, 5 m. below the town of St. Louis MERRIMACK, co. N. H. formed from the towns adjacent to, and including the state capital, Concord. Pop. 34,61ft MERRIMACK, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 6 m. E. from Amherst. Pop. 1,191. MERRIMACK, t. Washington co. Miso. MERRIMACK, t. Franklin co. Miso. MERRIMACK, r. Miso. which rises in the highlands E. of the Gasconade, and falls into the Mississippi, 20 m. below St. Louis. MERRITSTOWN, v. Fayette co. Pa. MERRY HILL, v. Bertie co. N. C. MERRYMEET1NG BAY, Me. is formed by the junction of the Kennebeck and Andros- coggin rivers, 20 m. from the sea. MERRYMEETING BAY, N. H. the SE. arm of Lake Winnipiseogee, extending about 5 m. in the township of Alton. MERRY S ISLAND, isl. in Hudson s Bay. Lon. 93 5 W. ; lat. 61 52 N. MERSEA, t. Essex co. U. C. on Lake Erie. MERUVAIS, r. NW. Territory, runs into Lake Superior. It interlocks with the St. Croix, a water of the Mississippi. MESOPOTAMIA, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. NW. from Warren. MESQUITAL, t. Mexico, 18 m. NE. from Guadalaxara. META, r. Arkansas, which traverses the whole length of the Great Prairie, and empties into the N. side of Arkansas river, several m above the post of Arkansas. METCALFBOROUGH, v. Franklin co Tennessee. MEXICALTZINCO, t. Mexico, 6 m. SE. from Mexico. MEXICO, Republic of. See page 159. MEXICO, City of, capital of the republic of the same name, is situated in lat. 19 26 N. ; Ion. from W. 22 5 W. on or near the W. shore of the Lake Tezcuco, and in the central part of the valley of Tenochtillan, and also, nearly at mid-distance between Vera Cruz and Acapulco. The site of Mexico is elevated 7,470 feet above the ocean. The ancient city was divided into four quarters, Teopan or Xo- chimilco, Atzacualco, Moyotla, and Creepopan , and the old limits are preserved in St. Paul, St. Sebastian, St. John, and St. Mary. The present streets have for the most part the same direction with the old ones, running from N. to S. and from E. to W. But what gives the new city a peculiar and distinctive character, is, that it is situated entirely on the continent, between the extremities of the two Lakes of Tezcuco, and Xochimilco, and that it only re ceives by navigable canals the fresh water of the Xochimilco. A canal, dug at a prodigious MEX MID 331 expense, under the mountains, contributes to drain it. The houses are built on piles, as the ground is by no means firm. The streets, though wide, are badly paved. The houses in this strange and rich vale on the summits of mountains, are as magnificent and unique, as the position. They are spacious, and built of porphyry and amygdaloid. Many of the pal aces and private mansions have an imposing show, and glitter with metallic riches. The cathedral is, perhaps, the richest in the world. Altars, candle-sticks and images of the saints are of colossal size, and solid silver, and orna mented with precious stones. Palaces, man sions of great families, beautiful fountains and extensive squares, adorn the interior of this city. Near the suburbs, to the north, is the alameda, or chief promenade. Round this walk flows a rivulet forming a fine square, in the centre of which is a fountain, with a basin. Eight alleys of trees terminate here, in the form of an altar. The detestable Inquisition, finally abolished by the ex-emperor Iturbide, was near this square. This superb city is in habited by 160,000 people, and is the centre of more scientific establishments than any other Spanish town in America. MEXICO, Gulf of, a large bay or gulf of the Atlantic, extending from the coast of Flor ida to Yucatan, about 600 m. and from Cuba to the coast of Mexico, about 700. MEXICO, t. Oxford co. Me. Pop. 344. MEXICO, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Mexico Bay, in Lake Ontario, 13 m. E. from Oswego. Lat. 43 31 N. Pop. 2,671. MEXTITLAN, t. Mexico, 95 m. ENE. from Mexico. Lon. 98 2 W. ; lat. 20 37 N. MIAMI, r. Ohio, which, after a course of 100 miles, enters the Ohio near the south-west corner of the state. It is navigable 75 miles. There is a portage of only 5 miles between its head waters and the Auglaize, a river of Lake Erie. MIAMI, Little, r. Ohio, which joins Ohio river, 7 m. above Cincinnati. In Greene co. there are remarkable falls in the river. It is one of the best mill-streams in the state. MIAMI, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Shelby, E. by Champaign and Clarke cos. S. by Montgomery, and W. by Dark co. It is 21 m. in extent from N. to S. by 20 from E. to W. Chief town, Troy. Pop. 12,806. MIAMI, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 15 m. above the mouth of Great Miami river, and 16 W. from Cincinnati. Pop. 113. MIAMI, t. Greene co. Ohio. Pop. 780. MIAMI S BERG, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. S. from Dayton. MIAMI UNIVERSITY, Oxford t. Butler co. Ohio. MIAMI, western t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 825. MICHAELS, t and cap. Madison co. Miso. 30 m. SW. from Genevieve. MICHIGAN, lake, U. S. 260 m. long, 55 broad, and 800 in circumference, containing, according to Hutchins, 10,368,000 acres, or 16,200 sq. ms. On the NE. it communicates with Lake Huron, through the straits of Michil- limackinack, and on the NW. it branches out into two bays, one called Noquet s and the other Green Bay. The lake is navigable for ships of any burden, and has fish of various kinds, particularly trout, of a large size and excellent quality, and sturgeon. Lon. 84 30 to 87 W. ; lat. 41 35 to 45 50 N. MICHIGAN TERRITORY. See p. 151. MICHILLIMACKINACK, co. Michigan. It comprises all the northern part of the Ter ritory. Michillimackinack, or Mackinack, on the island of that name, is the capital. Pop. 877. MICHILLIMACKINACK, a broad river or strait, which connects Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. It is 6 m. wide and 20 or 30 long, MICHILLIMACKINACK, district, MichL gan. MICHILLIMACKINACK, Little, r. II. which runs NW. into the Illinois, 13m. below the Illinois Lake. It is about 170 m. long, and navigable for boats 90. MICHILLIMACKINACK, or Mackinack, isl. and fort, situated in the straits, or river, Michillimackinack, 200 m. NNW. from De troit. Lon. 84 30 W. ; lat. 45 33 N. This fort is composed of a strong stockade, is neatly built, and exhibits a beautiful appearance from the water. The ground on which it stands is 150 feet above the lake, and 100 yards from the shore. The village near the fort contains a Roman Catholic church. MICHISCOUI, r. which rises in Canada, runs through N W. part of Vermont, and flows into Lake Champlain, at Michiscoui Bay, hi Highgate. MIDDLEBOROUGH, t. Plymouth county, Mass. 10 m. W. from Plymouth, 39 S. from Boston. Pop. 5,008. This is a large township, and contains a rolling and slitting-mill, a shovel manufactory, 2 forges, 2 furnaces, 2 cotton manufactories, a town-house, an academy, and several houses of public worship, for Congre- gationalists and Baptists. MIDDLEBOROUGH, v. Wayne co. Pa. MIDDLEBROOK MILLS, v. Montgomery co. Md. MIDDLEBROOK, t. Augusta co. Va. 11 m. SW. from Staunton. MIDDLEBURG, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 10 miles S. from Schoharie, 35 W. from Albany. Pop. 3,266. MIDDLEBURG, t. Loudon co. Va. 32 m. SE. from Winchester. MIDDLEBURG, t. Frederick co. Md. 15 m. NE. from Fredericktown. MIDDLEBURG, t. Nelson co. Ken. MIDDLEBURG, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. MIDDLEBURY, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,415. MIDDLEBURY, t. and cap. Addison co Vt. on both sides of Otter creeek ; 11 m. SE. from Vergennes, 31 S. from Burlington, 32 N from Rutland, 51 SW. from Montpelier. Lon 73 6 W. ; lat. 44 N. Pop. 3,468. Distancb from W. 483 m. It is the seat of various im portant manufactures, especially of marble. Besides the usual county buildings, it contains two flourishing academies, one for each sex, 332 MID MID several churches, and Middlebury College, the most considerable seminary of learning in the Btate. It has a president and 5 professors 1 of law, 1 of mathematics and natural philo sophy, 1 of theology, 1 of languages, and 1 of chemistry ; and 2 tutors. The number of stu dents ranges from 80 to 100. The total num ber of those who have been educated at this seminary, and have received the degree of A. B. in 1830 was 495, of whom 193 had devoted themselves to the Christian ministry. The li braries contain 4,168 volumes. The com mencement is held on the third Wednesday in August. There are three vacations; one from commencement, 4 weeks ; one from the first Wednesday in January, 7 weeks; and the other from the third Wednesday in May, 2 weeks. MIDDLEBURY, v. Portage co. Ohio, 187 m. NE, from Columbus. MIDDLEBURY VILLAGE, v. on the eastern boundary of Genesee co. N. Y. and on Allen s creek, 15 m. SSE. from Batavia. This t. is different from that of Middlebury in the same township. MIDDLEBURY, t. New Haven co. Ct. 22 m. NW. from New Haven, 36 SW. from Hart ford. Pop. 816. MIDDLE CREEK, r. Northumberland co. Pa. which runs E. into the Susquehannah, 8 m. below Sun bury. MIDDLEFIELD, t Hampshire ca Mass. 24 m. W. from Northampton, 110 from Boston. Pop. 721. MIDDLEFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 3 m. E. from Cooperstown, 35 SE. from Utica, 63 W. from Albany. MIDDLE FORK, r. Madison co. Ken. which unites with the river Kentucky. MIDDLE GRANVILLE, v. Hampshire co. Mass. MIDDLE HADDAM, v. Middlesex co. Ct. on E. side of the Connecticut, in the township of East Haddam. MIDDLE HERO, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on an island in Lake Champlain, 22 m. NNW. from Burlington, MIDDLE HOOK, v. Somerset co. N. J. on N. bank of the Raritan, 8 m. NNW. from New Brunswick. MIDDLE ISLAND CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Ohio, MIDDLE LISTER, small island in Lake Erie, lying NW. from the Bass islands. It is one of the three called Middle, East, and West Lister, though bearing from each other NE. and SW. MIDDLEPORT, v. Niagara co. N. Y. MIDDLE POINT, cape on the E. coast of Labrador. Lon. 63 W. ; lat 59 N. MIDDLE RIVER, r. Md. which runs into the Chesapeake, SW. of Gunpowder river. MIDDLESEX, t. Washington co. Vt on Union river, 5 m. NW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,156. MIDDLESEX, co. Mass, bounded N. by Hillsborough co. in N. H., NE. by Essex co. in Mass. SE. by Suffolk, Norfolk, and Boston harbor, and SW. and W. by Worcester ; length 40 in, mean width 20. Chief towns, Cam bridge and Charlestown. Pop. in 1820, 61,476 ; in 1830, 77,968. MIDDLESEX CANAL, Mass, is wholly within the county of Middlesex, and connects Boston harbor with Merrimack river. See page 55. MIDDLESEX, co. Ct. bounded by Long Island Sound SE. by New Haven SW. Hart ford NW. and N. and New London E. Length 28 m. mean width 12. Connecticut river in tersects it, and separates it into two sections. Chief town, Middletown. Pop. in 1820, 22,408 ; in 1830, 24,845. MIDDLESEX, co. N. J. bounded E. by Sta- ten Island Kills and Raritan Bay, SE. by M on- mouth co. SW. by Huntingdon and Burling ton, W. by Somerset, and N. by Essex. Length 32 m. mean width 11. Chief town, New Brunswick. Pop. in 1820, 21,470 ; in 1830 23,157. MIDDLESEX, co. Va. bounded SE. by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by Piankatank river or Gloucester and King and Queen cos. NW. by Essex, and NE. by Rappahannock river. Length 35 m. mean width 6 Chief town, Urbana. Pop. in 1820, 4,057 ; in 1830, 4,122, of whom 2,137 were slaves. MIDDLE STATES, that part of the U. S. lying between the Hudson and Potomac rivers : viz. the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. MIDDLETON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 48 m. NE. from Concord. Pop. 562. MIDDLETON, t. Essex co. Mass. 9 m NW. from Salem, 28 from Boston. Pop. 607. MIDDLETON, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 40 m. W. from Catskill. Pop. 2,383. MIDDLETON, t. Norfolk co. U C. MIDDLETON, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 20 m. W. from Zanesville. MIDDLETOWN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 52 m. N. from Bennington. Pop, 919. MIDDLETOWN, t. Newport, R. I. 2 m. NE. from Newport, 28 SE. from Providence. Pop. 915. MIDDLETOWN, city, port of entry, and cap. of Middlesex co. Ct. is pleasantly situat ed on the W. bank of the Connecticut river, 31 m. from its mouth, 14 S. from Hartford, 25 NNE. from New Haven, 325 from W. Lon. 72 3 54 W.; lat. 41 35 N. Pop. 6,892. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and has considerable trade and manufactures of cotton, woollen, swords, rifles, &c. Two miles from the city, there is a lead-mine. MIDDLETOWN, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 m. SE. from Delhi, 73 SW. from Albany. Pop. 2,383. MIDDLETOWN, v. Orange co. N. Y. MIDDLETOWN, v. in Brookhaven, N. Y. MIDDLETOWN, t. Monmouth co. N. J. S. of Raritan Bay, 11 m. NW. from Shrews bury, 30 SW. from N. York. It contains an academy, and 2 houses of public worship. Pop. 5,128. MIDDLETOWN, v. Fayette co. Pa. 10 m. E. from Brownsville, and 6 N. from Union- town. MIDDLETOWN, Sullivan co. Ten. MID MIL 333 MIDDLETOWN, v. Washington co. Pa. on a branch of Cross creek, 12 m. NW. from Washington. MIDDLETOWN, v. Newcastle co. Del. 21 m. SSW. from Wilmington. MIDDLETOWN, v. Dauphin co. Pa. on the point above the junction of Swetara creek with the Susquehannah river, 9 m. below Har- risburg, and 27 NW. from Lancaster. It is an ancient village, chiefly inhabited by Ger mans. MIDDLETOWN, v. Frederick co. Va. on Cedar creek, 14 m. SW. from Winchester. MIDDLETOWN, v. Jefferson co. Ken. 11 m. a little N. from E. Louisville. MIDDLETOWN, t. Butler co. Ohio, on the E. side of the Miami river, 6 m. below Frank lin, and 14 above Hamilton. MIDDLETOWN, v. Saratoga co. N. Y. 3 m. NW. from Waterford, and 14 N. from Albany MIDDLETOWN POINT, v. Middletown, N. J. on a small creek which runs into Rari- tan Bay, 14 m. NW. from Shrewsbury. It carries on some trade with New York. MIDDLETOWN UPPER HOUSES, v. Middlesex co. Ct. immediately adjoining Mid dletown. MIDDLEVILLE, v. Herkimer co. N. Y. 90 m. NW. by W. from Albany. MIDDLEWAY, v. Jefferson co. Va. 85 m. NW. from W. MIDLAND, district, U. C. extends from Lake Ontario, between the head of the bay of Quinte and the mouth of Ganonoque river, back to the river Ottawa. MIDWAY, settlement, Liberty co. Geo. 30 m- S. from Savannah, 9 W. from Sunbury. Its first settlers were from Dorchester, Mass. Here is a handsome Congregational church. MIFFLIN, co. Pa. bounded by Perry SE. Huntingdon SW. and W. Centre NW. and Union NE. Length 39 m. width 21. Chief town, Lewistown. Pop. in 1820, 16,818; in 1830, 21,529. MIFFLIN, t. Richland co. Ohio. MIFFLIN, the westernmost t. of Pike co. Ohio. MIHAUATLAN, t. Mexico, 108 leagues SE. from Mexico. Lon. 275 15 W.; lat. 18 35 N. MILAN, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. MILAN, v. Huron co. Ohio, 123 m. N. from Columbus. MILFORD, t Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Sowhegan, 2 m. SW. from Amherst, 48 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,303. It is a pleas ant town, and contains 2 cotton manufactories, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congre- gationalists, and 1 for Baptists. MILFORD, t. Kent co. Del. on the N. side of Mispillion creek, which falls into Delaware Bay, 12 m. below, 19 m. S. by E. from Dover, 95 S. from Philadelphia. MILFORD, t. Butler co. Ohio, 10 m. NW. from Hamilton. Pop. 1,808. MILFORD, t. and cap. Pike co. Pa. on the Delaware, 120 m. above Philadelphia. The river here forms a good harbor for boats. MILFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, 9 m. SW. from New Haven. Pop. 2,256. The village contains about 100 houses and 3 churches. The harbor has suf ficient depth of water for vessels of 200 tons. The amount of shipping owned here is about 1,500 tons. In this town is a very valuable quarry of marble. MILFORD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. S. from Cooperstown, 76 W. from Albany. Pop. 3,025. MILFORD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m SE. from Worcester. Pop. 1,380. MILFORD, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 34 m. NW. from Trenton. MILFORD CENTRE, v. Worcester co. Mass. 24 m. SW. from Boston. MILLBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Pa. MILLBOROUGH, v. Bath co. Va. 172 nv. NW. by W. from Richmond. MILLBOROUGH, v. Sussex co. Va. about 30 m. SE. from Petersburg. MILLBURY, t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. S. from Worcester. It contains a woollen manufactory, a saw-mill, and an iron manu factory, a rolling and slitting-mill, a nail man ufactory, several scythe-shops, a gun manu factory, employing 40 or 50 workmen, exten sive tanneries, a paper-mill, oil-mills, and other valuable mills. Pop. 1,611. MILL CREEK, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 587. MILL CREEK, v. Berkeley co. Va. 93 m. NW. from W. MILL CREEK, large and valuable mill- stream, rising in the northern part of Logan co. Ohio, and running from thence in an E. by S. direction into the W. side of the Scioto river 6 m. below Fulton s creek, Delaware co. MILL CREEK, large mill-stream, Butler and Hamilton cos. Ohio, running S. by W, into the Ohio river, immediately below Cin cinnati. MILLEDGEVILLE, t. Baldwin co. Geo. and capital of the state, is situated on the W. bank of the Oconee, 300 m. by the curves of the river, from the sea. Though in the upper country, it is near the borders of the low coun try. Its situation is elevated and pleasant, and central to a fertile and populous country. It contains a state-house, an arsenal, academy, court-house, jail, state penitentiary, 2 printing- offices, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Baptists and 1 for Methodists. The state-house, arsenal, and penitentiary, are all large and con spicuous buildings. It is 87 m. SW. from Au gusta, 170 NW. from Savannah, and 642 from W. Pop. 1,599. MILLER, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 584. MILLER, co. Arkansas Ter. Pop. 358. MILLERSBURG, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susquehannah. MILLERSBURG, t. Bourbon co. Ken. 8 m. N. from Paris, 28 N. from Lexington. Pop. 470. MILLER S FERRY, v. Randolph co. II. MILLER S RIVER, r. Mass, which rises in a pond in Rindge, N. H. and after a SW. course of 35 miles, enters Connecticut river at 334 MIL MIS Northfield. A few miles from its mouth it has falls, where the whole descent is 62 feet, and that at the principal fall 14 feet MILLERSTOWN, t. Perry co. Pa. on the Juniatta, 134 m. W. from Philadelphia. MILLERSTOWN, t. Lehigh co. Pa. on a branch of Lehigh river, 26 m. S W. from Easton, 47 NW. from Philadelphia. MILL FARM, v. Caroline co. Va. MILL GROVE, v. Cabarras co. N. C. MILL HALL, v. Centre co. Pa. MILL HAVEN, v. Scriven co. Geo. MILLSFIELD, t. Coos co. N. H. 7 m. W from Umbagog Lake. Pop. 33. MILLSTONE, t. Somerset co. N. J. on Millstone creek, a S. branch of the Raritan, 14 m. N. from Princeton. MILLVILLE, v. Cumberland co. N. J. 12 m. E. from Bridgetown. Pop. 1,561. MILLVILLE, v. King George co. Va. MILLVILLE, t. Butler co. Ohio. MILLWOOD, v. Frederick co. Va. MILO, v. Penobscot co. Maine, 145 m. NE. from Portland. MILO, t. Ontario co. N. Y. MILTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt on Lake Champlain, 13 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 2,100. MILTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 30 miles NNW. from Portsmouth, 40 ENE. from Con- cord. Pop. 1,273. MILTON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 7 m. S. from Boston. Pop. 1,565. It is a pleasant town, and contains an academy, several paper- mills, and a chocolate-mill. It is watered by the Neponset, which is navigable to this town for vessels of 150 tons. This river separates the town in part from Dorchester. The pros pect from Milton hill is said to be one of the finest in America. MILTON, or King s Ferry, v. Cayuga co. MiLTON, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on W. branch of the Susquehannah, 15 m. N. of Sunbury. MILTON, v. Sussex co. Del. situated on Broadkill creek, about 7 m. from its mouth, and 30 S. by E. from Dover. MILTON, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 30 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 3,079. It contains valuable mills, a woollen manufactory, and 5 houses for public worship. MILTON, t. Richelieu co. L. Canada, in the great bend of the Riviere a la Tortue, 35 m. E. from Montreal. MILTON, large v. Litchfield co. Ct. 5 m. W. of Litchfield. In this village there is an elegant Gothic church, belonging to the Epis copalians, built after the draught of Trinity church in New York. MILTON, v. on Hudson river, in the SE. part of Ulster co. N.Y. 11 m. above Newburgh. MILTON, v. Morris co. N. J. 68 in. N. of Trenton. MILTON, v. Albemarle co. Va. on the Ri- vanna river, 5 m. below Charlotteville. MILTON, v. Rockingham co. N. C. MILTON, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 546. MILTON, t. Miami co. Ohio, 8 m. SW. of Troy. Pop. 78. MILTON, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,156. MILTON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 966. MILTON, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 11 m. NE. of Wooster. Pop. 843. MINDEN, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, 25 m. W. from Johnstown, 62 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,567. It contains three Dutch Reformed churches. MINDEN, v. Ontario co. N. Y. MINEHEAD, t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecti cut river, 58 m. NE. from Montpelier. MINERAL FORK, r. Miso. a branch of Big river, which flows into the Merrimack. MINE RIVER, r. Howard co. Miso. which flows into the S. side of the Missouri, 200 m. above its mouth. It is navigable 40 miles. MINERVA, t Essex co. N. Y., SW. of Elizabethtown. Pop. 358. MINERVA, t. Mason co. Ken. 13 m. from Washington. MINGAN ISLANDS, islands near the S. coast of Labrador, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 30 m. W. from Anticosti. Lon. 64 W. ; lat. 50 15 N. MINISINK, t. Orange co. N.Y. 10 m. W. of Goshen, 25 W. of Newburgh. Pop. 4,979. MINISINK, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Del aware, 5 m. below Montague, 57 NW. from New Brunswick. MINITOBA, lake, Canada, 100 m. long, and from 10 to 15 wide. Lon. 100 20 W.; lat 50 40 N. MINOT, t. Cumberland co. Me. on the An- droscoggin, 33 m. N. of Portland. Pop. 2,908. MIRAMACHI, bay and river of the E. coast of New Brunswick, 60 m. S. from Chaleur Bay. The river rises about 120 m. inland. MISSASSAGA ISLAND, U. C. lies oppo site the mouth of the Trent, and about the same distance from the portage at the head of the Bay ofQuinte. MISSASSAGA POINT, U. C. in the t. of Newark, lies on the W. side of the entrance of the river Niagara, and opposite the fortress of Niagara. MISSASSAGA RIVER, r. U. C. runs into Lake Huron, between le Serpent and Thessa- lon rivers, on the N. shore. MISSIGUINNIPPI LAKE, lake, Canada, 100 m. N. from Quebec. Lon. 71 30 W.; lat. 48 3 N. MISSIGUINNIPPI RIVER, r Canada, which runs into the Saguenay. Lon. 71 10 7 W. ; lat. 48 22 N. MISSISQUE, r. in Vt runs into Missisque Bay in the NE. part of Lake Champlain. MISSISSIPPI, one of the U. States. See page 115. MISSISSIPPI, a river of the U. S. This magnificent stream has already been the sub ject of so many minute descriptions, that, to ^ive the reader a correct account of it without considerable repetition, would be scarcely pos sible. It rises in high table-land, in the great Northwestern Territory W. of Lake Superior. A medium of the authorities respecting the MIS MIS 335 point of its origin, would give it to be in lat. 47 47 N. though in speaking of the source of large rivers, which are formed of a great number of tributaries, it is not often possible to say, precisely, which particular branch car ries the most water, or ought to be called the parent stream. It is 1,600 m. from its source to its junction with the Missouri, and 1,310 from that junction to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico, making its whole length 2,910 m. Its general course is south. Its most important branches, beginning at its mouth, are the Red river, the Arkansas, and the Missouri, on the west, the latter of which is, by far, the greatest tributary which it receives. Its two principal branches on the east, are the Ohio and the Illinois. Ships rarely ascend the Mis- sissippi higher than Natchez, which is 322 m. by the river, above New Orleans, but it is navi gated by steam-boats to the Falls of St. An thony, a distance of more than 2,000 m. from its mouth. Down these falls, the river, which is here about half a mile wide, precipitates its waters in a perpendicular descent of sixteen or seventeen feet. For a long distance below these falls, it is a clear, placid, and beautiful stream, with wide and fertile bottoms. Its medial current is not more than 2 m. an hour from the falls to the mouth of the Missouri, ex cept at the rapids, a few miles below the mouth of the river Des Moines, which are about 9 m. in length, and are a considerable impediment to the navigation during a part of the summer. Where it receives the Missouri, it is a mile amd a half wide. The Missouri itself enters with a mouth not more than half a mile wide. The united stream below, has thence, to the mouth of the Ohio, a medial width of little more than three quarters of a mile. This mighty tributary seems rather to diminish than increase its width ; but it perceptibly alters its depth, its mass of waters, and, what is to be regretted, wholly changes its character. It is no longer the gentle, placid stream, with smooth shores and clean sand-bars ; but has a furious and boiling current, a turbid and dan gerous mass of sweeping waters, jagged and dilapidated shores, and, wherever its waters have receded, deposits of mud. Below the Missouri its rapidity should be rated consider ably higher than has been commonly done. Its medial rate of advance is perhaps four miles an hour. The bosom of the river is covered with prodigious boils, or swells, that rise with a whirling motion, and a convex surface, two or three rods in diameter, and no inconsiderable noise, whirling a boat perceptibly from its track. In its course, accidental circumstances shift the impetus of its current, and propel it upon the point of an island, bend, or sand-bar. In these instances, it tears up the islands, re moves the sand-bars, and sweeps away the tender alluvial soil of the bends, with all their trees, and deposits the Bpoils in another place. At the season of high waters, nothing is more familiar to the ear of the people on the river, than the deep crash of a land-slip, in which larger or smaller masses of the soil on the banks, with all the trees, are plunged into the stream. The circumstances that change the aspect and current of the river, are denomi nated, in the vocabulary of the watermen, chutes, races, chains, sawyers, planters, points of islands, wreck -heaps, and cypress-bends. It occurs more than once, that in moving round a curve of twenty-five or thirty miles, you will return so near the point whence you started, that you can return back to that point, by land, in less than a mile. There are, at present, bends of this sort on the Missouri and the Mis sissippi, particularly at Tunica bend, where you move round a curve of thirty miles, and come back to the point, where you see through the trees, and at the distance of three quarters of a mile, the point whence you departed. The divinity most frequently invoked by boatmen, seems to have imparted his name oftener than any other to the dangerous places along the river. The "devil s" race-paths, tea-table, oven, &c. are places of difficult or hazardous navigation, that frequently occur. They are serious impediments to the navigation of this noble stream. Such is its character from Mis souri to the Balize ; a wild, furious, whirling river never navigated safely, except with great caution. On the immense wreck-heaps, where masses of logs, like considerable hills, are piled together, the numerous wrecks of boats, lying on their sides and summits, suf ficiently attest the character of the river, and remain standing mementoes to caution. Boats propelled by steam-power, which can be chang ed in a moment, to reverse the impulse and direction of the boat, are exactly calculated to obviate the dangers of this river. No person who descends this river for the first time, re ceives clear and adequate ideas of its grandeur, and the amount of water which its carries. If it be in the spring, when the river below the mouth of the Ohio is generally over its banks, although the sheet of water that is making its way to the gulf is, perhaps, thirty miles wide, yet finding its way through deep forests and swamps that conceal all from the eye, no ex panse of water is seen, but the width that is curved out between the outline of woods on either bank ; and it seldom exceeds, and oftener falls short of a mile. But when he sees, in descending from the Falls of St. Anthony, that it swallows up one river after another, with mouths as wide as itself, without affecting its width at all; when he sees it receiving in succession the mighty Missouri, the broad Ohio, St. Francis, White, Arkansas, and Red rivers, all of them of great depth, length, and volume of water ; when he sees this mighty river absorbing them all, and retaining a vol ume apparently unchanged he begins to esti mate rightly the increased depths of current, that must roll on in its deep channel to the sea. From the sources of the river to the mouth of the Missouri, the annual flood ordi narily commences in March, and does not subside until the last of May ; and its medial height is fifteen feet. At the lowest stages, four feet of water may be found from the Rapids of Des Moines to the mouth of the Missouri. Between that point and the mouth 3S6 Mis- of the Ohio, there are six feet in the channel of the shallowest places at low-water, and the annual inundation may be estimated at twenb five feet. Between the mouth of the Ohio anc the St. Francis, there are various shoal places where pilots are often perplexed to find a suf ficient depth of water, when the river is low Below that point, there is no difficulty for ves sels of any draught, except to find the righ channel. Below the mouth of the Ohio, th< medial flood is fifty feet; the highest, sixty Above Natchez, the flood begins to decline At Baton Rouge, it seldom exceeds thirty feet and at New Orleans, twelve. Some have sup posed this gradual diminution of the flood to result from the draining of the numerous effluxes of the river, that convey away such considerable portions of its waters, by separate channels to the sea. To this should be added no doubt, the check which the river at this distance begins to feel from the reaction of the sea, where this mighty mass of descending waters finds its level. The navigation upon this river is very great. The number of steam boats upon the Mississippi and its tributaries is abont 300. Their size is from 540 tons downward. The passage from Cincinnati to New Orleans and back, has been made in 19 days. From New Orleans to Louisville the shortest passage has been 8 days and 2 hours, the distance being 1,650m. and against the current. The steam-boats have generally high-pressure power, and many fatal explo sions have happened upon these waters. The first steam-vessel here was built in 18 10. New Orleans is the out-port of this river, and the largest city on its banks. Its waters pass into the Gulf by several channels which intersect a flat marshy tract. The main entrance is at the Balize. MISSISSIPPI, t. Phillips co. Arkansas Territory. MISSOURI, one of the U. S. See p. 146 MISSOURI, the longest river in N. Ameri ca, is formed of three principal branches, the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin, which rise among the Rocky Mountains, between 42 and 48 N. lat. and unite at one place in lat. 45 10 N. and Ion. 110 W. From this con fluence, its course is northerly about 250 m. to the Great Falls; thence easterly to the Man- dan villages; thence it runs, first S. and then SE. to its junction with the Mississippi, in Ion. 90 W. and lat. 38 51 N. Its whole length, from its source to the Mississippi, is 3,217 m. Although it loses its name at its confluence with the latter, it is much the longer stream of the two, but the Mississippi having been first discovered and explored, it has retained its name to the Gulf of Mexico. This error being now past remedy, the Missouri must be considered as a tributary of the Mississippi. If we add to the Missouri the length of the Mississippi below their confluence, we have a river 4,490 m. in length, which exceeds by nearly 1,000 m. any other river on the globe. During this whole distance there is no cataract or considerable impediment to the navigation, except at the Great Falls, which are 2,575 -MOB |m. fron the Mississippi. At these falls, the river descends, in the distance of 18 m. 362 ft. The first great pitch in ascending the river is 98 feet; the second, 19; the third, 47; and the fourth, 26. The width of the river is here about 350 yards, and, from every description, the cataracts are, next to those of Niagara, the grandest in the world. About 100 m. above the falls, is the place called the Gates of the Rocky Mountains. The rocks here rise per pendicularly from the water s edge, to the height of nearly 1,200 feet, through a distance of more than 5 m. and the river is compressed to the width of 150 yards. Nothing can be imagined more gloomy than the passage through this dark chasm. MISSOURI, t. Hempstead co. Arkansas Territory. MISSOURI, t. Clarke co. Arkansas Terri tory. MISSOURITON, t. Howard co. Miso. MISTAKEN POINT, a promontory on the W. of Cape Race, at the SE. point of the isl and of Newfoundland. MISTASSIN, Lake, a lake of New Britain, lying E. of the S. part of James Bay, and sur rounded by mountains called the Great Mis- tassins. It is above 250 m. in circuit, of a very irregular shape, being much intersected by long and narrow projections of land, and contains several islands. It is formed of the Mistassin and other rivers from the moun tains, and its outlet is the river Rupert. MOBILE, city and port of entry, and cap. of Mobile co. Alabama, is situated on the west ern channel of Mobile river, near its entrance into Mobile bay. It is 1,033 m. from W. 226 S. from Tuscaloosa, 33 N. from Mobile point, 15 WNW. from Blakely, 50 WNW. from Pensacola, 40 by water below Fort Stod- dart. Lat. 30 40 N. Pop. 3,194. Mobile is the only town of any great importance in the lower part of the state. It is situated con siderably above the overflow of the river, in a dry and pleasant situation. Access to it is ren dered somewhat difficult to vessels by a swampy island opposite the town. But when once they have entered, they are perfectly secure from winds, storms, and enemies ; and can come directly to the town. It has swampy lands and stagnant waters back of it, and near it a sterile country of pine woods. From these causes, though it had been one of the earliest settled towns in the country, it never became, under the Spanish and French regime, more ;han a military post. Under the government of the United States, it has received a new im pulse of prosperity. But a few years since, "ittle cotton was raised in the whole country connected with Mobile ; and none was export ed directly from this place. It is now a great shipping port for cotton ; and a large number of square-rigged vessels take their freight from his city. There is no other port, perhaps, in ;he United States, of the same size, that has so arge an amount of export. After New Or- eans and Charleston, it is the largest cotton Krt in the country. It is enlivened, too, by the coming and departing of many steam- boats, that ply on the noble river above the city. In addition to the great number of packet- schooners that sail between this place and New Orleans, some by the lake, and some by the Mississippi, there is now a steam-boat com munication between the two cities, by the way of lake Ponchartrain. Of course, except du ring the sickly months, it is a place of great activity and business. The public buildings are a court-house and a jail, four churches, one for Roman Catholics, one for Episcopalians, one for Presbyterians, and one for Methodists. A Roman Catholic college is erecting at Spring Hill, six miles from the city. 1831, 110,000 bags of cotton. It exported, in It has the dis advantage of a shallow harbor, which is more over growing shallower by the sand deposited by the rivers. The most fatal impediment to the advancement of this town is its acknow ledged character for sickness. MOBILE, r. Alabama, is formed by the union of the Alabama and Tombigbee, 40 m. above Mobile. After a course of 3 m. it di vides and enters Mobile bay in several chan nels. The main western channel is called the Mobile ; the main eastern channel is the deep est and widest, and is called the Tensaw. The eastern channel passes by Blakely. MOBILE, co. Al. bounded by the Gulf of Mexico S. Mississippi W. Baldwin and Mon roe cos. in Al. N. and West Florida E. Length 58 m. mean width 45. Chief towns, Mobile and Blakely. 3,071. Pop. in 1820, 2,672 ; in 1830, MOBILE BAY, a bay at the mouth of Mo bile river, 30 m. long, and, on an average, 12 broad. It communicates with the Gulf of Mexico by two straits, one on each side of Dauphin island. The strait on the W. side will not admit the passage of vessels drawing more than five feet of water ; that on the E. side, between the island and Mobile point, has 18 feet of water, and the channel passes with in a few yards of the point. There is a bar however across the bay, near its upper end, over which there is only 11 feet water. MOBILE POINT, is a long, low, sandy, and narrow peninsula, which bounds Mobile bay on the S. extending from the bay of Bon Secours, the south-eastern extremity of the for mer, towards Dauphin island, to which it ap proaches within 3 m. This point has been rendered remarkable, by the erection of a mili tary post on its extreme W. extension, called Fort Bowyer. This fort was attacked Sept. 15th, 1814, by a British squadron, consisting of two vessels of 28 guns each, and one of 18 guns, with a land force of 200 Indians, and 110 ma rines. The British were repulsed, with the loss of the Hermes, and about 100 men killed and wounded. After their defeat at, and re treat from New Orleans, the British attacked and took Fort Bowyer, on the 15th of Feb. 1815. MOBILE ISLAND, isl. formed by the di vided stream of the river Mobile, about 26 m. long, and 5 wide. Lon. 87 55 W. ; lat. 31 N. MOBJACK, bay, Va. which sets up from Chesapeake bay, N. of the mouth of York r. MOCKSVILLE, v. Rowan co. N. C. ss MOB MON 337 MODERS, t. Clinton co. N. Y. MODESTTOWN, v. Accomack co. Va. MOFFIT S STORE, v. Columbia co.N Y MOHAWK, r. N. H. which runs W. into the Connecticut, in Colebrook. MOHAWK, r. N. Y. which rises about 20 m. N. from Rome. It flows into the Hudson by 3 mouths between Waterford and Troy. Its length from Rome to the Hudson is about 117 m. It is connected with Wood creek r by a canal 1 miles long. There are also canals at German Flats and Herkirner. A boat naviga tion has been opened for several years from Schenectady through the Mohawk, Wood creek, Oneida lake, and Oswego river, to the Lake Ontario. This river, about 2 m. west of the Hudson, has remarkable falls, called Ca- hoes, or Cohoes. The river just above the falls, is between 300 and 400 feet wide, and de scends at high water in one sheet near 70 feet. About f m. below, a bridge is erected across the river, from which there is a most sublime and beautiful view of the cataract. MOHAWK, r. in Del. co. N. Y. which unites with the Popachton and forms the Delaware. MOHAWK, v. on the Grand River, or Ouse, U. C. is the principal village of the Six Nations. This is the residence of their prin cipal chief. The village is beautifully situated. has a neat church with a steeple, a school- house, and a council-house ; and not far from it is a grist and sawmill. MOHAWKS, t. Hastings co.U.C.on Lake Ontario. MOHAWK BAY, in Fredericksburg, U. C. bay of Quinte, lies opposite to the Mohawk settlement, and close to the mouth of the river Appannee. MOHAWK SETTLEMENT, bay of Quinte, U. C. is W. of Richmond, and com prehended between the river Shannon and Bowen s Creek. MOHEGAN, v. of U. C. on the right bank of the Thames, 5 m. below Norwich. Here reside the remnant of the Mohegans. MOHEGAN, Indian v. New London co. Ct. on W. side of the Thames, 4 m. S. from Norwich. Here are the remains of the Mo- r. Ohio, N. branch of the t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. hegan tribe. MOHICCON, Muskingum. MOHICCON, 1,316. MOHICCONS, Indians, inhabiting between the rivers Scioto and Muskingum. MOIRA, r. U. C. which falls into the bay of Quinte, in Lake Ontario. MOIRA, t. Franklin co. N. Y. Pop. 791 . MOLE, The, a port in the NW. part of the island of St. Domingo, 2 leagues E. of Cape St. Nicholas. Though inferior to Cape Francois and Port au Prince, it is the first port in the island for safety in time of war, being strongly fortified both by nature and art. It is 14 m. S. by W. from Jean Rabel, 69 W. from Capo Francois. Lon. 73 26 W. ; lat. 19 51 N. MOMAPANE LAKE, lake, Canada, 160 m N. from Quebec. Lon. 71 W. ; lat. 49 40 N. MONA and MQNITA, i. e. The Monhy 338 flION MON and his Cub, 2 islands of the West Indies, in the middle of the great passage between His- paniola and Porto Rico. MONACASY, r. Md. which runs S. into the Potomac, 50 in. above Georgetown. MONACKS, v. Monroe co. Al. MONADNOCK, a lofty mountain in the SW. corner of N. H. between Jaffrey and Dublin. Its base is 5 m. from N. to S. and 3 from E. to W. and its height is 3,254 feet above the level of the sea. It may be seen at the distance of 60 m. in almost every direction. MONADNOCK, mt. in the NE. part of Vt. MONISTIC, r. N. America, which runs into Lake Michigan. MONITOU, two islands in Lake Michigan. Lon. 85 35 W. ; lat. 44 55 N. MONKEY ISLAND, small isl. in Curri- tuck Sound, near the coast of North Carolina. Lon. 76 4 W,; lat. 36 22 N. MONKTON, t. Addison co. Vt. 23 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 1,384. Here are found vast quantities of porcelain earth, from which attempts have been made to manufacture por celain, but without success. MONMOUTH, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 17 m. WSW. from Augusta, 156 NNE. from Bos ton. Pop. 1,882. Here is an academy. MONMOUTH, co. N. J. bounded NW. by Middlesex co. N. by Raritan bay, E. by the Atlantic, and SW. by Burlington co. Pop. 29,233. Chief town, Freehold. MONMOUTH, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 63 m ENE. from Philadelphia. The British troops under Gen. Clinton were defeated here on the 17th of June 1777, by the Americans under Gen. Washington. MONODY CREEK, r. Pa. which joins the Swetara, 12 m. W. from Lebanon. MONOKA, r. Md. runs into the Chesapeake Lon. 76 53 W. ; lat. 38 10 N. MONOMIES CASTLE, fort, NW. Terri tory, on the Winebago river. Lon. 87 34 W.; !at4418 N. MONOMIES RIVER, r. NW. Territory, which gives name to a tribe of Indians, and which runs into Green Bay. Lon. 87 21 W. ; lat. 44 46 N. MONOMONIL, t. NW. Territory, on W side of Green Bay. Lon. 87 28 W.; lat. 44 32 N. MONONGAHELA, r. which rises from the Laurel mountains in Va. runs N. into Pa. and unites with the Alleghany at Pittsburg, to form the Ohio. It is navigable for light steam-boats to Brownsville, Pa. and bateaux and barges ascend as far as Morgantown in Va. Length nearly 300 miles. MONONGALIA, co. NW. part of Virginia, bounded N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Maryland, S. by Randolph co. W. by Harrison co. and NW. by Ohio co. Pop. 14,056, of whom 362 are slaves. Chief town, Morgantown. MONROE, t. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 108. MONROE, t. Orange co. N. Y. 19 m. S. from Newburgh, 50 N. front New York. Pop. 3,671. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Presbyterians. Here are extensive iron works. MONROE, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Ontario co. S. by Livingston co. W. by Genesee co. Pop. 49,862. Chief ;own, Rochester. MONROE, co. Al. on the river Alabama. Pop. 8,781. Chief town, Claiborne. MONROE, co. E. part of Mis. Pop. 3,853. Chief town, Hamilton. MONROE, v. Sussex co. N. J. 84 m. N. from Trenton. MONROE, v. Bradford co. Pa. 190 m. N. from Harrisburg. MONROE, co. Va. bounded SE. by Bpte- tourt and Giles, SW. by Kenhawa r. or Giles, NW. by Greenbrier, N. by Nicholas, and NE by Bath and Botetourt. Length 35 m. mean width 13. Pop. in 1820, 6,620 ; in 1830, 7,798. Chief town, Uniontown. MONROE, v. Warren co. N.C. 70 m. SE. from Raleigh. MONROE, v. Walton co. Geo. 66 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. Lat. 33 46 N. MONROE, co. Ohio, bounded E. by Ohio river, S. by Washington, W. by Morgan, NW, by Guernsey, and N. by Belmont. Length 38 m. breadth 18. Pop. in 1820, 4,641 ; in 1830, 8,770. Chief town, Woodsfield. MONROE, co. In. bounded by Lawrence S- Martin W. Delaware NE. and Jackson E. Length 24 m. breadth 18. Pop. 6,578. Chief town, Bloomington. MONROE, co. Ken. bounded by Ten. S. by Allen co. Ken. W. Barren N. Adair NE. and Cumberland E. It occupies the dividing ground between Cumberland and Big Barren rivers. Length 28 m. breadth 25. Chief town, Tompkinsville. MONROE, v. and seat of justice, Overton co. Ten. on a small branch of Obies river, 100 m. NE. by E. from Nashville. Lat. 36 25 N.; Ion. from W. 8 11 W. MONROE, co. E. Ten. bounded by N.Car olina E. the Cherokee lands S. M Minn W. and Tennessee river, or Blount and Sevier N. Chief town, Madisonville. MONROE, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 807. MONROE, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 10 m. NE. from Jefferson. Pop. 862. MONROE, t. Butler co. Ohio, 12 m. NE. from Hamilton. Pop. 119. MONROE, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 m. NE. from Cambridge. Pop. 615 MONROE, v. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 24. MONROE, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 1,054. MONROE, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 308 MONROE, tMuskingum co.Ohio. Pop. 486. MONROE, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 1,076. MONROE, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 696. MONROE, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,070. MONROE, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 10 m. W. from Circleville. Pop. 767. MONROE, co. in the S. part of In. Pop. 6,578. Chief town, Bloomington. MONROE, co. II. on the Mississippi. Pop. 2,119. Chief town, Waterloo. MONROE, t. II. on the first high ground above the junction of the Illinois with the Mis sissippi, 28 m. above St. Louis, and 10 from St. Charles, on the Missouri. MONMON 339 MONROE, co. Michigan Territory. Pop. 3,187. Chief town, Monroe. MONROE, t. and cap. Monroe co. Michigan Territory, on the river Raisin, 35 m. S. from Detroit. MONROE, t. Lincoln co. Missouri. MONROE, t. Hempstead co. Arkansas. MONSON, t. Hampden co. Mass, on the line of Connecticut, 17 m. E. from Springfield, 72 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 2,264. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists ; a flourishing academy, with which is connected a large boarding-house. Here are also manufactories of cotton and wool. MONTAGUE, t. Greenville co. U. C. MONTAGUE, t Franklin co. Mass, on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Green field, with which it is connected by a bridge. It is 18 m. N. from Northampton, and 90 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,151. MONTAGUE, v. Essex co. Va. MONTAGUE, Cape, cape in Hudson s Bay. Lon. 88 3 W. ; lat 66 N. MONTAGUE ISLAND, id. near the NW. coast of America, at the W. side of the en trance into Prince William s Sound. Lon. 147 to 148 W. ; lat. 59 50 to 60 30 N. MONTAUK POINT, E. end of Long Island, in Southampton. The light-house is at Ion. from W. 5 6 E. ; lat. 41 4 N. MONTEZUMA, v. in Mentz, N. Y. 12 m. N. from Auburn. Here is an extensive man ufactory of salt. MONTGOMERY, t. Franklin co. Vt. 40 m. NE. from Burlington. Pop. 460. MONTGOMERY, t. Hampden co. Mass. 12 m. NW. from Springfield. Pop. 579. MONTGOMERY, co. N. Y. bounded by Schenectady SE. Schoharie S. Otsego SW. Herkiraer W. Hamilton N. Saratoga E. The surface is pleasantly diversified, and the soil generally good. Pop. in 1820, 37,569 ; in 1830, 43,595. Chief town, Johnstown. MONTGOMERY, t. Orange co. N. Y. 12 m. W. from Newburgh, ION. from Goshen, 70 from New York. Pop. 3,887. It contains an academy and 8 churches. MONTGOMERY, co. Pa. bounded by Phil adelphia and Delaware cos. SE. Chester SW. Berks NW. Lehigh N. and Bucks NE. : length 30 m. width 15. The surface of this county is delightfully variegated by sloping hills and fertile valleys. The Schuylkill washes its S. border from its extreme W. angle to the mouth of the Perkiomen ; it then enters the county, and runs through its S. corner. The Perkio men also traverses this county, entering it at the N. angle, and emptying it into the Schuyl kill, a little above where the latter enters the county. The soil is generally productive, and the county is noted for its quarries of fine marble. Pop. 1820, 35,793; in 1830, 39,404. Chief town, Norristown. MONTGOMERY, co. Va, bounded by the Blue Ridge, or Franklin and Patrick cos. SE. Grayson and Wythe SW. Walker s mountain, or Giles co. NW, and Botetourt NE. Length 42 m. mean width 22. Pop. in 1820, 8,733 ; in 1830, 12,304. Chief town, Christiansburg. MONTGOMERY, co. Md. bounded by Po tomac river, or by Fairfax and Loudon cos Va, SW. Frederick co. Md. NW. Patnxent r. or Ann-Arundel NE. and Prince George and D. C, SE. Length 28 m. mean width 18 Pop. in 1820, 16,400 ; in 1830, 19,816. Chief town, Rockville. MONTGOMERY, co. N. C, bounded by Richmond and Anson S. Cabarras W. Rowan and Randolph N, and Moore E. Length 42 m, mean width 18. It produces cotton, gram, and tobacco. Pop. in 1820, 8,693; in 1830, 10,918. Chief town, Tindalsville. MONTGOMERY, co. Geo. bounded by Oakmulgee river S, by Little Oconee river SW. Laurens W. and NW. and Emanuel or Great Ohoope river NE. Length 40 rn. mean width 24. The Oconee and Oakmulgee, which meet at the southern extremity of this county, form the Alatamaha. Chief town, Mount Ver- non. Pop. in 1820, 1,869; in 1830, 1,269. MONTGOMERY, co. Ohio, bounded by Warren and Butler S. Preble W. Miami N. Clarke NE, and Greene E.; length 24 m. width 23. Chief town, Dayton. Pop. in 1820, 15,999 ; in 1830, 24,252. MONTGOMERY, t near the eastern bor der of Richland co. Ohio. MONTGOMERY, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 2,915. MONTGOMERY, v. Franklin co, Ohio, 14 m. NE. from Cincinnati. MONTGOMERY, co. Ken. bounded SE, and S. by Estil, W. by Clarke, NW. by Bour bon, NE. by Bath, and E. by Pike ; length 38 m. mean width 12. Surface rather uneven than hilly; soil productive. Chief town, Mount Sterling. Pop. in 1820, 9,587 ; in 1830, 10,221. MONTGOMERY, co. Ten. bounded by Christian and Todd counties in Kentucky N. by Robertson co. in Ten. SE. Dickson S. and Stewart SW ; length 40 m. mean width 17, Chief town, Clarkesville, Pop, in 1820, 12,219 ; in 1830, 14,365. MONTGOMERY, co. Al. bounded by Pike SE. Butler S. Wilcox and Dallas W, Alabama river, or Autaga NW. and N. and the Musco- gee or Creek lands NE ; length 50 m. mean width 30. Chief town, Montgomery, Pop. in 1820, 6,604; in 1830, 12,694 MONTGOMERY, v, and seat of justice, Montgomery co. Al, on Alabama river, 70 m, by land from Cahawba. Lat 32 20 N, MONTGOMERY, co. Miso, bounded by Missouri river S. Howard co. W. Cuivre river, or Lincoln N. and St. Charles E.; length 50 m. mean width 35, Pop. in 1820, 3,074 ; in 1830, 3,900. MONTICELLO, t. and cap. Sullivan co, N, Y. 4 m, W. from Nevesink river, and about 40 a little N. of W. from Newburgh. MONTICELLO, t. Fairfield district, S, C. 35 m. N. from Columbia. MONTICELLO, v. and seat of justice, Jas per co. Geo. 32 m. NW. from Milledgeville. Lat. 33 19 N. MONTICELLO, v. and cap. Lawrence co. Mis. on Pearl river, 90 m. E. from Natchez Lat. 31 32 N. ; Ion. from W. 12 55 W. 340 MON MOO MONTICELLO, t. and cap. Wayne co. Ken. 100 m. S. from Frankfort, and about 4 SE. from Cumberland river. Lat. 36 50 N.; Ion. from W. 7 40 W. MONTICELLO, v. Lawrence co. Arkansas, MONTICELLO, the seat of the late Hon. THOMAS JEFFERSON, the third President of the U. States, in Albemarle co. Va. 2 m. SE. from Charlottesville. Lon. 78 48 W. ; lat. 38 8 N. MONTPELIER, t. and cap. Washington co. Vt. and seat of government of the state, on the N. side of Onion river, at the confluence of two of its head waters ; 36 m. SE. from Bur lington, 140 NW. from Boston, 524 from Wash ington. The river is here bordered by rude, unsightly hills, which scarce allow room for the village. Its central situation in the state makes Montpelier a great thoroughfare, the travel going through it in all directions. Lon. 7133 7 W.; lat. 44 16 N. MONTPELIER, the seat of the Hon. JAMES MADISON, the fourth President of the U. States, in Orange co. Va. 20 m. NE. from Monticello. MONTPELIER, v. Hanover co. Va. 24 m. from Richmond. MONTPELIER, v. Richmond co. N. C. 105 m. SW. from Raleigh. MONTREAL, isL in St. Lawrence river, at the confluence of that stream and the Ottawa. It forms a county of the same name, 32 m. long, but very irregular in width. MONTREAL, city, L. C. It is built upon an island of the same name in the St. Law rence, 32 m. long, and at its centre 2 m. wide, at a point in the river just below the junction of the Ottawa. The river is here two miles wide, and capable of being ascended by vessels of any burden, although 500 miles from the sea. It is 180 miles SVV. of Quebec, and 300 N. of New York. The town has a beautiful position, and shows to great advantage. The mountain, from which it has its name, rises on the left of the city, and seems placed there, like a ram part, to defend it from the blasts of winter. A thick forest covers the greater part of it ; though a few neatly built houses show their roofs from the midst of the mountain groves. The new cathedral is, probably, the largest church in America. Its front is 255 feet, and its width 134. There are five public entrances, and the interior will conveniently contain J 0,000 persons. There are seven altars, and the eastern window over the high altar is 64 by 32 feet The circuit of this vast edifice is 1,125 feet. It is built of hewn stone from the mountain. The college is the next most con spicuous building, extending in front with the wings 220 feet. It contains on an average 300 students. This is a Catholic institution. There are 18 or 20 public buildings. The French style of building, the number of lofty spires and towers, and the glittering tin covering of the roofs, give the city a majestic and impos ing appearance at a distance. The population, by a, census in 1825, was 24,000, and is now supposed to amount to 30,000. The chief ar ticle of its commerce is furs. It is the empo rium of the North-West Company ; and of the trade between Canada and the United States. The only interruption to the navigation of the St. Lawrence up to this city, is the Rapids, about two miles below, which often occasion delay to inbound vessels, as they can be stem med only by a strong wind. MONTREAL, a district of L. C. bounded NE. by the district of Three Rivers, S. by the States of New York and Vermont, SW. by Upper Canada and the Grand or Ottawa river. It contains the counties of York, Effingham, Leinster, Warwick, Huntingdon, Kent, Surrey, Bedford, Richelieu, and Montreal. MONTREAL BAY, bay, Canada, on the E. side of Lake Superior. Lon. 84 50 W. ; lat. 47 10 N. MONTREAL, r. NW. Ter. which flows into Lake Superior, 63 m. W. of the mouth of the Ontanagon. About 800 yards from its mouth it has falls, where the whole descent is 80 or 90 feet, and the descent at the last fall is 40 feet perpendicular. The South-West Fur Company have a post at Lake Flambeau near the source of this river. MONTROSE, t. and cap. Susquehannah co. Pa. 163 m. from Harrisbnrg, 271 from W. Pop. 415. MONTROSE, t. Cumberland co. N.C. MONTROUIS, t. St. Domingo, at the head of the Bight of Leogane, 5 leagues SE. from St. Mark, 15 NW. from Port au Prince. MONTVILLE, t. Waldo co. Me. 30 m. NE. from Wiscasset. Pop. 1,743. MONTVILLE, t. New London co. a. It is situated about 9 m. NW. of New London. Pop. 1967. MOORE, co. N. C. bounded by Cumberland SE. Richmond SW. Montgomery W. Ran dolph NW. and Chatham N. ; length 38 m. width 28. Chief town, Alfordstown. Pop. in 1820, 7,128 ; in 1830, 7,753. MOORESBOROUGH, v. Rutherford co. N. C. by postroad 226 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. MOORESBURG, v. Columbia co. Pa. MOORESFIELD, or Moorestown, t. Bur lington co. N. J. 13 m. E. from Philadelphia. MOORFIELD, v. Nicholas co. Ken. MOORFIELD, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 11 i m. SW. from Cadiz. MOORFIELD, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 915. MOORFIELDS, t. and cap. Hardy co. Va. on the S. branch of the Potomac, 25 m. SSW. from Romney, 180 NW. from Richmond. MOORSBURG, v. Hawkins co. Ken. MOOSE, isl. Me. in Passamaquoddy Bay on which is the town of Eastport MOOSE, small r. L. C. It is one of the head waters of the St Francis. MOOSE, r. N. H. which joins the Andros- coggin, in Durand. MOOSE, r. N. Y. which runs into the E. side of Black river. MOOSEHEAD, lake, Me. the source of the E. branch of Kennebeck river. It is said to be 60 m. long. MOOSEHILLOCK, mt. N. H. in Coventry. MOO MOS 341 According to the measurement made by Capt. Partridge, the N. Peak is 4,636 above the level of the sea. MOOSERS, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. MOOSUP, r. which rises in R. I. and joins the Quinebaug, in Plainfield, Connecticut. MORANT BAY, on the S. coast of Ja maica. Lon. 76 W. ; lat. 17 54 N. MORANT POINT, or East Point, cape, on the E. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 75 52 W. ; lat. 17 56 N. MORANT KEYS, or Ranas, small islands in the Caribbean sea, 36 m. SE. from Jamaica. Lon. 75 40 W. ; lat. 17^ 35 N. MOREAU, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hud- son, 16m. NE. from Balston Spa, 50 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,690. It is at the great bend of the Hudson, and here are two falls in the river, Baker s Falls and Glenn s Falls. MOREAU, r. Miso. which runs into the S W. side of the Missouri. MORETOWN, t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion river, 7 m. W. from Montpelier. Pop. 816. MORGAN, co. Va. bounded by Berkshire SE. Hampshire SW. and on all other sides by the Potomac river or Maryland. Length 30 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Frankfort. Pop. in 1820, 2,500 ; in 1830, 2,692. MORGAN, co. Geo. bounded by Putnam SE. Jasper SW. Walton NW. and the Oconee river, or Clarke and Greene NE. Length 22 m. mean width 20 m. Chief town, Madi son. Pop. in 1820, 13,520 ; in 1830, 12,023, of whom 6,877 are colored. MORGAN, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Musk- ingum and Guernsey, E. by Monroe, and S. by Washington and Athens. Length 32 m. breadth 18. Surface broken and hilly, though much of the soil is excellent. Chief town, M Connelsville. Pop. in 1820, 5,297 ; in 1830, 11,796. MORGAN, L Morgan co. Ohio, including M Connelsville, the county seat. MORGAN, SW. t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,965. MORGAN, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 652. MORGAN, t. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 371. MORGAN, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 262 m. NE. from Columbus. MORGAN, co. E. Ten. bounded by Cum berland and Wayne cos. Ken. N. Campbell E. Anderson SE. Roane and Bledsoe S. and Over- ton W. Length 40 m. mean width 19. Chief town, Montgomery. Pop. in 1820, 1,626; in 1830, 2,582. MORGAN, co. Al. on the S. side of the Tennessee. Pop. 9,053. Chief town, Somer- ville. MORGANFIELD, t. and seat of justice, Union co. Ken, 12 m. SE. from the mouth of Wabash, and 15 SW. from Henderson on Ohio. Lat 37 41 N. Pop. 292. MORGAN S STORE, Montgomery co; N. C. by postroad 113 m. SW. from Raleigh. MORGANSVILLE, v. Nottaway co. Va. 18 m. SW. by W. from Petersburg. MORGANTOWN, v. Berks co. Pa. 7 m. from Reading-. MORGANTOWN, v. and seat of justice, Monongalia co. Va. on the right bank of Mo- nongahela river, 20 m. SSW. from Uniontown, and 30 by land above Brownsville, Pa. It is situated on high ground, and contains the usual county buildings, and about 100 houses. Lat. 39 33 N. ; Ion. 3 50 W. from W. MORGANTOWN, v. and seat of justice, Burke co. N. C. on the right bank of Catawba river, 30 m. NW. from Lincolnton. Lat. 35 40 N. ; Ion. 4 42 W. from W. MORGANTOWN, v. Blount co. Tenn. on Tennessee river, 30 m. SW. from Knoxville. MORGANTOWN, v. Butler co. Ken. MORRICHES, v. Brookhaven, Suffolk co. N. Y. on the S. side of Long Island, 72 m. E. from New York. MORRIS, co. N. J. bounded by Essex SE. Somerset S. Hunterdon SW. Sussex NW. and Bergen NE. Length 26 m. mean width 19. The Pompton and Rockaway rivers unite and form the Passaic, on the eastern border of this co. 6 m. above the celebrated Falls of Passaic, at the village of Patterson. Soil productive in fruits, grain, and pasturage. Chief town, Morristown. Pop. in 1820, 21,368 ; in 1830, 23,580. MORRIS, t. Knox co. Ohio. MORRIS FLATS, Madison co. N. Y. be- tween Morrison and Cazenovia. MORRISON, the north-westernmost t. of Jackson co. Ohio. MORRISTOWN, t. Orleans co. Vt. 19 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,315. MORRISTOWN, t. St. Lawrence co.N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence, 2 m. below Brock- ville. Pop. 1,600. MORRISTOWN, t. and cap. Morris co. N. J. 19 m. NW. from Newark, 28 WNW. from New York, 55 from Trenton, 221 from W. Pop. 3,536. It contains the usual county buildings, a bank, a printing-press, an academy, and 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterins and 1 for Baptists. MORRISTOWN, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 19 m. W. from Mount Pleasant. MORRISTOWN, t. and cap. Buncombe co. N.C. MORRISTOWN, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 27 m. from Warren. MORRISVILLE, v. in Eaton, Madison co. N.Y. containing the court-house. MORRISVILLE, bor. and t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware, 1 m. below Trenton, 29 above Philadelphia. Pop. 531. MORRISVILLE, v. Greene co. Pa. MORRISVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. MOSCOW, v. Genesee co. N. Y. 4 m. SW. from Genesee. It is a very flourishing village. A newspaper is published here. MOSCOW, t Wayne co. Ohio, on Sugar creek, 10 m. E. from Wooster. MOSCOW, t Somerset co. Me. 28 m. N. from Norridgewock. Pop. 405. MOSCOW, t. Livingston co. N. Y. near the W. side of Genesee river, 30 m. above Ro chester. MOSCOW, small village in the southern limits of Clermont co. Ohio. It is situated on 342 MOT MOU the N. bank of the Ohio river, 22 m. southerly from Williamsburg, and 120 south-westerly from Columbus. MOTTLE ISLE, island of Vermont, Grand Isle co. It is to the NW. from Grand Isle, and is 8 m. long and 2 wide. MOULTON, v. Lawrence co. Al. MOULTONBOROUGH, t. Strafford co. N. H., N. of Lake Winnipiseogee, 65 rn. NW. from Portsmouth, 48 N. from Concord. Pop. 1,422. MOULTRIEVILLE, v. S. C. on Sullivan s Island, 8 m. from Charleston. MOUNTAIN, t. Dundas co. U. C. MOUNTAIN ISLAND, v. Scott co. Ken. MOUNTAIN SHOALS, v. Laurens co. S. C. MOUNT AIRY, v. Surrey co. N. C. MOUNT BETHEL, t. Somerset co. N. J. MOUNT CARMEL, t. Edwards co. II. on the Wabash, opposite the entrance of White river and Patoka, 24 m. by land below Vin- cennes, 25 above Harmony. MOUNT CLEMENS, t. and cap. Macomb co. Michigan Territory, on the river Huron of St. Clair, 4 m. from its mouth, 25 N. from Detroit, and 552 from W. MOUNT CLIO, v. Sumpter district, S. C. 52 m. E. from Columbia. MOUNT DEFIANCE, mt. m S. part of Ticonderoga, N. Y. W. of Lake Champlain. MOUNT DESERT, isl. and t. on the coast of Maine, in Hancock co. 40 m. E. from Cas- tine, 295 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,603. The island is 15 m. long, and 12 broad. MOUNT DISCOVERY, mt. Essex co N. Y. in the S. part of Lewis. It is one of the highest mountains in the co. of Essex. MOUNT EPHRAIM, v. Hancock co. Me MOUNT HOLLY, t. Rutland co.Vt. 25 m W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,318. MOUNT HOLLY, t. and cap. Burlington co. N. J. near Ancocus creek, 23 m. ENE from Philadelphia, 21 from Trenton, 156 from W. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians and 1 for Friends, valuable mills, and 200 dwelling-houses. MOUNT HOPE, v. Orange co. N. Y. MOUNT HOPE, v. Shenandoah co. Va. MOUNT HOPE, v. Morris co. N. J. abou 4 m. N. of Rockaway. Here is a furnace for casting hollow ware. MOUNT HOPE, hill, R. I. on the W shore of Mount Hope Bay, in the township of Bristol, 2 m. NE. of the town. It is of a coni cal form, with an acute and nearly pointec apex ; and though of inconsiderable height (less than 300 feet above full tide,) the pros pect from the summit is peculiarly interesting It is famous for being the former residence of king Philip. MOUNT HOPE BAY, NE. part of Nar raganset Bay, extending up between Tiverton and Bristol, and a short distance into Massa chusetts. Taunton river flows into the NE. part of it. MOUNT HOREB, t. Nelson co. Va. MOUNT INDEPENDENCE, mt. Orwell Vt. on E. side of Lake Champlain, opposite .he old fort of Ticonderoga. MOUNT JOY, t. Lancaster co. Pa. MOUNT LAUREL, t. Halifax cc, Va. MOUNT MAGOLIA, v. Rapides co. La. MOUNT PISGAH, v. Iredell co. N. C. MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Westcheeter co. N. Y. on E. side of the Hudson, 36 m. N. from New York, 265 from W. Pop, 4,932. This ;own possesses considerable trade. MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 10 m. NW. from Washington. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Lancaster co. Pa. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Halifax co. Va. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Shenandoah co. Va. 13 m. SW. from Woodstock. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 10 m. NE. from St. Clairsville, 20 SW. from Steubenrille. It is a flourishing town, and contains a market-house, a bank, and a Friends meeting-house. In the vicinity there are a woollen manufactory, a paper-mill, and other valuable mills. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Martin co. In. 142 m. SSW. from Indianapolis. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Maury co. Ten. 50 m. SW. from Murfreesborough. MOUNT PLEASANT, P. O., E. Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, 106 m. NW. from New Orleans. MOUNT PLEASANT, mills and t. Union co. Pa. 46 m. N. from Harrisburg. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Rockingham co. N. C. 135 m. NW. from Raleigh. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Fairfield co. S.C. 44 m. N. from Columbia. MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Columbia co. Pa. MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 874. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Md. in Caroline and Queen Anne cos. 11 m. E. from Churchill. MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Jefferson co. Ken. It contains a society of Friends. MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 10 m. from Cincinnati, 12 from Hamil ton. Pop. 219. MOUNT PROSPECT, v. Edgecombe co. N. Carolina. MOUNT RICHARDSON, t. Jackson co. Tennessee. MOUNT SOLUS, v. Hinds co. Mis. 70 m. S. from Jackson. MOUNT STEPHEN S, v. Rockingham co. Virginia. MOUNT STERLING, v. Switzerland co. In. 103 m. SE. from Indianapolis. MOUNT STERLING, t. and cap. Mont gomery co. Ken. 60 m. from Frankfort, and 501 from W. Pop. 561. It contains a court house, jail, bank, and academy. MOUNT TABOR, t. Rutland co. Vt. 26 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 210. MOUNT TIRZAH, v. Person co. N.C. MOUNT TOM, mt. Mass, on the W. side of Connecticut river, near Northampton. MOUNT UPTON, v. on Unadilla river, op posite the mouth of Butternut creek, Chenango co. N. Y. 10 m. SE. from Norwich. MOUNT VERNON, T. Chester co. Pa. MOU MUR 343 MOUNT VERNON. MOUNT VERNON, seat of Gen. Washing. ton, pleasantly situated on the W. bank of Po tomac river, 18m. below the city of Washing ton, and 9 m. below Alexandria. MOUNT VERNON, t. Boone co. Ken. on the Ohio, 24 m. from Cincinnati. MOUNT VERNON, t. Kcnnebeck co. Me. 14 m. NW. from Augusta, or Kennebeck river. Pop. 1,439. MOUNT VERNON, t. Hilisborough co. N. H. 92 m. S. from Concord. Pop. 763. MOUNT VERNON, v. and seat of justice, Montgomery co. Geo. lat. 32 13 N. MOUNT VERNON, t. and seat of justice, Knox co. Ohio, on the N. bank of Owl creek, 20 m. from its mouth. The town contains a printing-office, a brick court-house and jail, a merchant-mill, and a saw-mill, and within 6 m. there are 9 grist and saw-mills, 3 carding- machines, one of which is for cotton. Dis tance 40 m. W. from Coshocton, 54 NW. from Zanesville, and 44 NE. from Columbus. Lat. 40 24 N. ; Ion. from W. 5 32 W. MOUNT VERNON, v. and seat of justice, Rockcastle co. Ken. 75 m. SE. from Frankfort. Lat. 37 24 N. MOUNT VERNON, v. Bullit co. Ken. 25 m. SSE. from Louisville. MOUNT VERNON, v. on the right bank of Ohio river, Posey co. In. 5 m. above the mouth of Wabash river. MOUNT VERNON, v. Jefferson co. II. 69 m. S. from Vandalia. MOUNTVILLE, v. London co. Va. MOUNT VINTAGE, v. Edgefield district, S. Carolina. MOUNT WASHINGTON, the highest of the White mountains, N. H. According to the measurement of Capt. Partridge, it is 6,634 feet above the level of the sea. MOUNT WASHINGTON, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. SSE. from Lenox. Pop. 345. MOUNT ZION, v. Union co. Ken. 236 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. MOUNT ZION, v. Hancock co. Geo. 26 m. NE. from Milledgeville. MOUNT ZION, v. Monroe co. Miso. 176 m. from St. Charles. MOXAHALA, or Jonathan s Creek, rising .n the N. part of Perry co. Ohio, flows. E. across Muskingum co. into Muskingum river, which it enters, 3 m. below Zanesville. MUD CREEK, N. Y. joins Canandaigua creek in Phelps. MUDDY RIVER, II. runs into the Missis- sippi. It is navigable 40 m. MUDGE, Point, cape on an island in the Gulf of Georgia, on the N W. coast of America Lon. 235 9 E. ; lat. 50 N. MUD ISLAND, fortified isl. Pa. in Dela ware river, 7 m. below Philadelphia. MUHLENBURG, co. Ken. Pop. 5,341. Chief town, Greenville. MULBERRY, r. runs into the N. side of the Arkansas, below Fort Smith. MULLEN S ISLAND, isl. Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 82 55 W. ; lat. 28 1 N. MULLICO HILL, v. Gloucester co. N. J. MULLICUS, r. N. J. runs into Little Egg- harbor, 4 m. E. from Leeds. It is navigable 20 m. for vessels of 60 tons. MULTNOMAH, or Wallaumut, r. falls into the Columbia from the S. about 100 m. from the Pacific. It is 500 yards wide near its mouth, and very deep. MUNCEY, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,564. MUNCEY CREEK, Pa. runs into the E. side of the Susquehannah, 23 m. above North umberland. MUNDFORDVILLE, t. Hardin co. Ken- on Green river, 30 m. below Greensburg, and 30 from Litchfield. MUNSTER, v. Cambria co. Pa. MURFREESBOROUGH, t. Hertford co. N. C. at the head of navigation on Meherrin river, 50 m. NW. from Edenton. It is a place of considerable trade. The public buildings are an academy and a Methodist church. MURFREESBOROUGH, t. Rutherford co. Ten. and former capital of the state, 32 m. SE. from Nashville, 160 W. from Knoxville. Lat. 35 52 N. ; Ion. 86 35 W. The surround ing country is level and very fertile, abounding with wheat, cotton, and tobacco. The town was made the seat of government in 1817, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, bank, meeting-house, and about two hundred houses ; and, in 1818, more than 1,000 inhabitants. The seat of government has since been remov- d to Nashville. 344 MUR NAN MURPHY S SETTLEMENT, v. St. Gene, vieve co. Missouri, on the road from St. Louis to Arkansas and Red rivers. MURR ISLANDS, small islands near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 59 8 W. ; lat. 50 32 N. MURRAY, t. Northumberland co. U. C. on the bay of Quinte, at the mouth of the river Trent. MURRAY, t. Orleans co. N Y. on Lake Ontario, 18 m. NE. from Batavia. Pop 3,138. MURRAY BAY, or Malbay, Seigniory of Northumberland co. L. C. on the N. side of the St Lawrence, 66 m. NE. from Quebec. MURRAY HARBOR, harbor on the E. coast of the island of St John, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 62 C 2C W. lat. 46 N. MURRAY S FERRY, v. Williamsburg co. S. Carolina. MUSCLE CANAL, strait on the NW. coast of America, leading into Carter s bay. MUSCLE SHOALS, in Tennessee river, 250 m. above its mouth, and the same distance below the Suck. They extend about 25 m. ; the river spreads to the width of 3 m. and is full of islands. The passage of the sho.als is difficult, except when the river is high. MUSH AN AN, r. Pa. which forms the bound ary between Centre and Huntingdon cos. and falls into a branch of the Susquehannah. MUSKINGUM, co. Ohio, on the Muskin- gum r. bounded on the N. by Coshocton, E. by Guernsey, S. by Morgan, and W. by Perry and Licking cos. It is 28 by 27 m. in extent. Pop. in 1820, 17,824; in 1830, 29,325. Chief town, Zanesville. MUSKINGUM, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. MUSKINGUM, r. Ohio, rises in Portage co. and running S. 200 m. joins the Ohio at Marietta. At its mouth, it is 250 yards wide. It is navigable 100 m. to Coshocton for large boats, and for small boats, to its source ; whence there is a portage of only one mile to the Cuy- nhoga, which runs into Lake Erie. At Zanes ville there are considerable rapids in the river. MUSKONGUS, r. Lincoln co. Maine, which flows through Waldoborough into a bay of the same name. Muskongus island, in this bay, contains 1,000 acres. MYERSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 32 m. E. from Harrisburg. MYSTIC, r. Mass, which flows into Boston harbor. It is navigable for sloops to Medford, 4m. MYSTIC RIVER, v. New London co. CL N. NAAMAN S CREEK, r. Delaware, which runs into the river Delaware, near the line of Pa. NACOGDOCHES, formerly Assinaye, t. Texas, near the head waters of the Netches. Lon. 94 17 W. ; lat. 31 27 N. It is a small town, having a few farms in its vicinity. NAGRACA, r. Missouri territory, which joins the Arkansas about Ion. 99 20 W. It is navigable 150 m. N AH ANT, a peninsula, Mass, in the town ship of Lynn, 9 m. S. from Salem, 14 m. NE. from Boston. It is connected with the main land by a narrow isthmus, more than a mile and a half in length. It is divided into Great Nahant, Little Nahant, and Bass Neck. On Great Nahant, the eastern division, containing 305 acres of highly cultivated and fertile land, there are several dwelling-houses. At the east end, at low water, in the pools among the large rocks, is found the Animal Flower, or Rose Fish, adhering to small stones in water 4 or 5 feet deep. There is a chasm 30 feet in depth on the northern shore, called the Spouting Horn, into which, at about half-tide, the water rushes with great violence and a tremendous sound. NAHANTICK, bay, Ct. 3 m. W. of the mouth of the Thames. NAIN, Moravian settlement in Pennsyl vania, on Lehigh river, established in 1763; 50 m. N. from Philadelphia. NAMASKET, r. Mass, which joins Bridge- water river, N. of Middleborough, to form the river Taunton. NANCEVILLE, v. Harrison co. In. NANGIRA, or Neongee, r. southerly branch of the Osage. About 20 m. from its mouth there is a cascade of 90 feet perpendicular, and near it are two smaller ones. NANJEMOY, t. and port of entry, Charles co. Md. near the river Nanjemoy, which flows into the Potomac, SW. from Port Tobacco. It is a place of some trade. NANSEMOND, co. SE. part of Va. bound ed NW. by Isle of Wight co. E. by Norfolk co. S. by N. C. and W. by Southampton co. Pop. 11,784. Chief town, Suffolk. NANSEMOND, r. Va. which runs into the Hampton Road. It is navigable for vessels of 100 tons to Suffolk, and for those of 250 to Sleepy-Hole. NANTASKET ROAD, the entrance into Boston harbor, Mass. S. of the light-house. NANTICOKE, v. Broome co. N. Y. NANTICOKE, creek of Broome co. N. Y. rises between Chenango and Owego rivers, and falls into the Susquehannah about midway be tween Chenango Point and Owego. NANTICOKE, r. Md. which rises in Dela ware, and runs SW. into Fishing Bay in the Chesapeake. NANTICOKE FALLS, in Pa. on the Sus quehannah, 7 m. below Wilkesbarre. NANTUCKET, isl. Mass. 10 m. E. from Martha s Vineyard, about 8 leagues S. from Cape Cod. Lon. 69 56 to 70 13 W. ; lat. 41 13 to 41 22 N. It is of triangular form, about 15 m. long, and 11 broad in the widest place, containing 29,380 acres. The land is held in common by the inhabitants, and though of a good quality, is little cultivated by them, as they are generally occupied in the whale fishery, in which employment their enterprise and success have gained them great celebrity. Nantucket, with several small islands near it, forms a county, and contains but one town which is of the same name with the island. Pop. in 1820, 7,266 ; in 1830, 7,202. NANTUCKET, t. and s-p. on the above island, 40 m, SE. from Falmouth, 60 SE. from NAN NAT 345 New Bedford, 123 SSE. from Boston. Lon. 70 8 W. ; lat. 41 16 N. It is situated on an arm of a small bay in the NW. side of the island. This bay is formed by two projecting points, the longer of which, extending- in a NW. direction, is called Sandy Point, on which is a light-house. The town contains between 700 and 800 dwelling-houses, several houses of public worship, 2 banks, two insurance offi ces, a woollen manufactory, and 30 spermaceti works, which employ a capital of $600,000. The harbor is well land-locked, and safe from all winds. There is a large amount of ship ping belonging to this port employed in whaling. NANTUXET CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into Delaware Bay. Lon. 75 16 W.; lat. 39 21 N. NAPLES, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 18 m. S. from Canandaigua, 216 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 1,943. NAPLES BAY, or Henderson Bay, extends from Hungry Bay, SW. into Henderson, N. Y. NARRAGANSET, a beautiful bay which opens into the southern coast of R. I. between Seaconnet rocks on the E. and Point Judith on the W. extending N. 28 m. to the city of Providence, where it terminates. It has an average width of about. 10 m. varying from 1 to 15. It has been suggested by the navy commissioners, that this bay would afford the most eligible site for a naval depot that could be found NE. of the Chesapeake. NARRAGUAGUS, v. Washington co. Me. on the Narraguagus, 37 m. W. from Machias. NARRAGUAGUS, r. Me. which runs into Narraguagus Bay, at Harrington. NARROWS, The, channel between Long Island and Staten Island, connecting New York Bay with the Atlantic, 9 m. S. from N. York. The channel is a little more than a mile wide, and is well defended by forts and batteries. NARROWS, The, in Lake George, N. Y. opposite Bolton, 14 m. N. from Caldwell. NASH, co. central part of N. C. Pop. 8,492. Chief town, Nashville. NASHUA, r. which rises in Worcester co. Mass, and runs NE. into the Merrimack at Nashua Village, in Dunstable, N. H. 1 m, above the meeting-house. Length 40 m, NASHAUN, one of the Elizabeth islands, Mass, E. of Buzzard s Bay, NW. of Martha s Vineyard. NASHVILLE, t. and cap. Davidson co. and capital of the state of Tennessee, on S. side of the Cumberland, 110 m. N. from Huntsville, 190 W. from Knoxville, 250 SW. from Lex ington, 430 NE. by N. from Natchez, 714 SW. from Washington, 59 4 NE.from New Orleans, 294 SW. from Cincinnati, 288 S. from Indian apolis, and 937 SW. from N. Y. A branch of the U. S. bank has been fixed here, and has greatly favored the growth of the place. The town is adorned with one of the largest and handsomest market-houses in the western coun try. It is the seat of the university of Nash ville, which, in regard to its professorships, library, chemical and philopophical apparatus, the estimation of its president, and the actual fruits of its utility, has taken a high placo among western institutions of the kind. It was founded in 1806, and the number of stu. dents ranges from 70 to 100. Number of vol umes in the libraries, 2,500. The commence, ment is on the first Wednesday in October. There are two vacations in a year ; the first, from commencement 5 weeks ; the second, from first Wednesday in April 5 weeks. This town contains, also, a number of churches, a lyceum, and many handsome private dwellings. It issues four or five gazettes, which rank among the most respectable in the West. Tho citizens in general evince an encouraging in- terest in the advancement of science,, litera ture, and taste. Few towns impart more pleasant impressions of general hospitality and urbanity to strangers. It contains 5,566 in habitants. There is a steam-boat navigation from Nashville to New Orleans. The Cumber- land is navigable to this place for vessels of 30 or 40 tons, 9 months in the year r and at certain times, for ships of 400 tons. NASHVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Nash co. N.C. 50 m. NE. by E. from Raleigh r 273 from W. NASSAU, cap. of the island of New Provi dence, one of the West Indies. Lon, from W 50 W. ; lat. 24 55 N. NASSAU, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 15 m SE from Albany. Pop. 3,254. NASSAU, r. Florida, rising between St. John s and St. Mary s rivers, and flowing pa rallel to each, falls into the Atlantic Ocean be tween Talbot ana Amelia islands, after a com parative course of about 70 m. Lat. 30 44 N. ; Ion. 81 42 W. NASSAU ROAD, sailing passage, on the coast of Mississippi, W. of Mobile Bay. NAT A, or Santiago de los CabareUos, city of N. America, in Veragua. Lon. from W. 3 17 W. ; lat. 8 22 N. NATCHAUG, r. Ct. which joins the She- tucket, in Windham. NATCHEZ, city and port of entry, Adams co. Mississippi, on E. bank of the Mississippi, 322 m. above New Orleans by the course of the river, 156 by land, 90 W. from Monticello, 430 SW. by S. from Nashville, and 1,146 from W. The site of the town is very irregular, the principal part being built on a high bluff, and the remainder at its foot on the bank of the river. The streets of the upper town arc regular, crossing at right angles. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, an academy, several churches, and issues 3 or 4 weekly newspapers. Pop. 2,790. NATCHITOCHES, t. and cap. Natchito- ehes co. La. on the SW. bank of Red river, about 200 m. above its junction with the Mis sissippi, 200 in a right line NW. from New Orleans, and 1,448 from W. Lon. 93 10 W. ; lat. 31 46 N. This town was settled before New Orleans, but continued until lately an in considerable village. It is now flourishing, and contains a Roman Catholic church, a jail, a U. S. /actory, and about 800 inhabitants, 346 NAT NET NATURAL BRIDGE. NATURAL BRIDGE, in Rockbridge eo. Va. This bridge, which is over Cedar creek, is one of the greatest natural curiosities in the world. See page 95. NAUGATUCK, r. Ct. which flows S. and joins the Housatonnuc, at Derby. Length 50 miles. NAVESINK, harbor on the coast of Mon- mouth co. N. J. 5 m. NW. from Shrewsbury. The Navesink Hills, 282 feet high, are the first land seen in approaching the coast. NAVY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 60 m. NE. from Montpelier. NAVY ISLAND, in the Niagara, between Grand Isle and the Falls ; 1 m. long, and 1 broad; 15 m. NNE. from Navy Hall. NAZARETH, t. Northampton co. Pa. 7 m. NW. from Easton, 10 NNE. from Bethlehem, 62 N. from Philadelphia. Tins is a pleasant and handsome town, regularly built of stone, and contains a celebrated Moravian academy, NEEDHAM, t. Norfolk co. Mass, on the river Charles, opposite Newton, 6 m. WNW. from Dedhani, 12 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,420. Between this town and Newton the river has 2 falls ; one of 20 feet. These afford many excellent mill-seats; and on Needham fide there are 3 paper-mills, besides other {mils. NEHOG ATOOANNAH, r. America, which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 93 5 W.; kt. 44 24 N. NEHUMIKEAG, isl. in the Kennebeck, 14 m. above the Merrymeeting Bay. NELSON, formerly Packersfield, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 8 m. NE. from Keene, 40 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 875. Here is a cotton and woollen manufactory. NELSON, t. Madison co. N.Y. 35 m. SW. from Utica. Pop. 2,445. NELSON, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. NELSON, t Portage co. Ohio. NELSON, English settlement in N. Ameri ca, on the W. side of Hudson s Bay, at the mouth of the river Nelson, 250 m. SE. of Churchhill Fort. It belongs to the Hudson s Bay Company, who carry on a great trade in beaver and other skins. Lon. 92 35 W. ; lat. 57 7 N. NELSON, co. Va. bounded by James river or Buckingham SE. Amherst SW. the Blue Ridge or Roekbridge and Augusta NW. and Albemarle NE. Length 23 m. mean width 15. Besides being washed by James river, it is drained by Rock Fish and Tye rivers. War- minster, the chief town, is about 60 m. a little N. of W. from Richmond. Pop. in 1820, 10,137 ; in 1830, 11,251, of whom 5,308 are colored. NELSON, co. Ken. bounded E. and SE. by Washington, S. and SW. by the Rolling fork of Salt river, or Hardin, NW. by Bullit, and N. by Salt river or Shelby. Length 30 miles, mean width 17. Chief town, Bairdstown. Pop. in 1820, 16,273 ; in 1830, 14,916. NELSON S FORT, a British factory at the mouth of Nelson s river. Lon. from W. 15 42 W.; lat. 57 12 N. NELSON S RIVER, large r. of N. Ameri ca, in Cabotia, or British America. It rises in Lake Winnipeg, and flowing about 350 m. in a NE. direction, empties into Hudson s Bay, in lat. 57 30 N. ; Ion. 93 W. NELSON S FERRY, v. S.C. 50 m. N. from Charleston. NEMAHA, r. La. which runs into the Mis souri, 380 m. from the Mississippi. NEN. r. U. C. empties itself into Lake On- tario, in the t. of Pickering. NEOPSCO CREEK r r. Va. which runs int the Potomac. NEPANOSE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on W. branch of the Susquehannah. Near this town is a remarkable valley. NEPONSET, a handsome village, partly in Milton and partly in Dorchester, Norfolk co. Mass, on both sides of Neponset river, 6 m. S. from Boston. It has a number of establish ments, where paper, chocolate, cards,, and other articles, are manufactured ; also fulling-mills, corn-mills, and various others. NEPONSET, creek of Boston harbor, navi gable four miles to Milton, for vessels of 150 tons. NESCOPECK, r. Luzerne co. Pa. which runs into the Susquehannah, at Nescopeck Falls. NESCOPECK, t. Luzerne co. Pa. at the junction of the Nescopeek with the Susque hannah, about 38 m. ENE. from Northumber land, NESCOPECK, mt. Pa. on the borders of the Susquehannah. NESHAMINY, r. Bucks co. Pa. which runs SE. into the Delaware, 5 or 6 m. below Bristol. NESHNABATONA, r. La. which runs into the Missouri, 508 m. from the Mississippi. NETCHEZ, r. Louisiana, which runs south- NES NEW 347 erly, west of the state of Louisiana, and flows into the Sabine Lake. NEUS, river of N, C. which enters Pamlico Sound, below Newbern, where it is a mile and a half broad. It rises in Person co. interlock ing sources with Dan river, branch of Roan- oke, and flowing through Granville, Orange, Wake, Johnson, Wayne, Lenoir, and Craven cos. empties into Pamlico Sound. It is navi gable for boats to Raleigh. NEVERSINK, or Navesink, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. Pop. 946. It lies on E. side of Rock- land. NEVERSINK, r. Ulster co. N, Y. It lies on E. side of Rockland, and runs into the Delaware. NEVERSINK HILLS, See Navesink. NEVILLA, t. Clermont co. Ohio. NEVILLSVILLE, v. Clermont co. Ohio, containing about 200 inhabitants, 30 m, above Cincinnati. NEVIS, one of the leeward Caribbee islands in the West Indies, divided from the E. end of St. Christopher s by a narrow channel. It nas but one mountain, whkh is in the middle, very high, and covered with large trees to the summit. Here are springs of fresh water and a hot bath, of a nature similar to those of Bath, in Eng. It is a small island, but very fruitful, and subject to the English. Charles ton is the capital. NEW ALBANY, v. Bradford co. Pa. NEW ALBANY, handsomely situated t. and seat of justice for Floyd co. In. It is situ ated on the right bank of Ohio river, 4 m, be low Louisville, and 2 below Shippingport in Ken. It contains about 1,500 inhabitants, a steam, saw and grist mill, and a ship-yard. NEW ALEXANDRIA, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. on Loyalhanna river, 11 m. NE. from Greensburg. NEW ALEXANDRIA, small town of Co- lumbiana co. Ohio. NEW ANTRIM, t. Orange co. N. Y, situ ated on the post and stage-road, from N. Y. to Albany, 34 m. N. by W. of the former, and 33 SE. of Goshen, NEWARK, U. C. is situated on the W. side, at the entrance of Niagara river, opposite the fortress of Niagara, on Lake Ontario. This town was laid out in the year 1794. It now contains about 150 persons, 2 churches, a jail, and academy. The first provincial parliament met at this place, and the public offices of gov ernment have been held pro tcmpore here. NEWARK, v. and seat of justice, Essex co, N. J. situated on the W, side of Passaic river, on a plain ; the streets are wide and generally straight. Here are two banks, and several ex tensive tanneries, and other manufacturing es tablishments. There are extensive quarries of valuable building stone in its vicinity. It is 9 m. W. of N. Y, and 6 NNE. from Elizabeth- town. NEWARK, v. Tioga co. N. Y. NEWARK, v. Ontario co. N. Y. NEWARK, t. Newcastle co. Del. 14 m, SW. from Wilmington. NEWARK, v. Worcester co. Md. NEWARK, v . Louisa co. Va. 25 m, NW. from Richmond. NEWARK, t. and seat of justice, Licking co. Ohio. It is situated near the confluence of the principal brandies of Licking river, 26 m. W, by N. from Zanesville, 26 N. by E. from Lancaster, and 33 E. by N, from Columbus. It contains a Presbyterian meeting-house, and a court-house of brick. Pop. 511. NEWARK BAY, sheet of water extending from Staten Island Sound to the mouth of Pas saic and Hackensack rivers, in a direction of NNE. 2 m. wide and 6 long. NEW ASHFORD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 25 m. N. from Lenox. Pop. 285. NEW ATHENS, v. in the southern part of Harrison co. Ohio, 6 m. S. from Cadiz. It is seated on both sides of the line, dividing Cadiz from Short creek, lying, therefore, partly in both of those two towns. NEW ATHENS, or Tiogatown, v. Bradford co. Pa. It is situated near the confluence of the Tioga river, and the E. branch of the Sus- quehannah ; a situation very convenient to intercept the trade of both rivers. NEW BALTIMORE, v. and t. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 18 m, below Albany, Pop. 2,370. NEW BALTIMORE, v. Fauquier co. Va, 45 m. from W. NEW BARBADOES, t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 1,693. NEW BEDFORD, v. and seaport of Mass, in Bristol co. on a small arm of Buzzard bay. It has a secure harbor. The principal occu pation of the inhabitants is fishing, preparing whale oil, spermaceti, and candles, which arti cles they export in considerable quantities. NEW BEDFORD, p. Mahoning t. Mercer co. Pa. 15 m. SW, from Mercer. NEW BERLIN, t Chenango co. N, Y. Pop. 2,643. NEW BERLIN, v, and seat of justice, Union co. Pa, on Penn s creek, 11 m. W, from Sun- bury, and 168 from W, NEWBERN, v. Montgomery co, Va. NEWBERN, capital of Craven co. N. C. situated on the S. bank of the river Neuse, at its junction with the Trent, 33 m. S. of Wash ington, on Pamlico river, and 81 S. by W. of Edenton, on Albemarle Sound. This is a vil lage and port of entry, the most populous in the state, and was the seat of government be fore the revolution. NEWBERNVILLE, v. Oneida co. N. Y 25 m. from Utica. NEWBERRY, district of S. C. bounded by Lexington SE. Saluda river or Edgefield SW. Laurens NW. Ennoree river or Union N. and Broad river or Fairfield NE. Length 25, mean width 20 m. The soil is productive in cotton, which is the principal staple. Chief town, Newberry, Pop. in 1820, 16,104; in 1830, 17,441, NEWBERRY, v. Burlington co. N. J. NEWBERRY, v. Christian co. Ken. NEWBERRY, v. Lycoming co. Pa. on the 348 NEWNEW W. bank of Lycoming creek, opposite VVil- liamsport. NEWBERRY, t. and seat of justice, New- berry district, S. C. 40 m. NW. from Colum bia. NEW BLOOMFIELD, v. Perry co. Pa. 25 m. SW. from Harrisburg. NEW BOSTON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. Pop. 1,680. It is situated on a branch of the Merrimack river, 50 m. westward from Ports mouth. NEW BOSTON, v. Berkshire co. Mass. 119 m. westerly from Boston. NEW BOSTON, v. Madison co. N. Y.- 30 m. from Utica. NEW BOSTON, v. Clarke co. Ohio, on the western side of Mad river, 4 m. SW. from Springfield. NEW BOURBON, v. St. Genevieve co. Miso. containing about 70 houses and 350 in habitants. It stands 2 m. below St. Genevieve. NEW BOWLING GREEN, v. Washing ton co. Miso. 99 m. SSW. from St. Louis. NEWBORN, v. Jasper co. Geo. 63 m. NW. from Milledgeville. NEW BRAINTREE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. WNW. from Worcester. NEW BROWNSVILLE, Wayne co. Ohio, on Jerome s fork. NEW BRUNSWICK. See Brunswick, New. NEW BRUNSWICK, in British America. See page 167. NEWBURGH, t. Penobscot co. Me. NEWBURGH, t. and half-shire Orange co. N. Y. on the W. bank of the Hudson, 95 m. S. of Albany, and 70 on the stage-road N. of N. Y. Pop. of the whole town, 6,424. The village is pleasantly situated on the Hudson. Its trade employs 50 vessels or more. It is increasing rapidly in wealth and population. It contains a bank, court-house, academy, and several houses of public worship, for Presby terians, Episcopalians, and Methodists. On Chambers creek is an extensive cannon fbun- G NEWBURGH, t. cuyahoga co. Ohio, SE. of Cleveland, Pop. 869. NEWBURY, t. Orange co. Vt on Connecti cut river, opposite Haverhill, 34 m. ESE. from Montpelier, 47 above Windsor. Pop, 2,252. NEWBURY, t. Essex co. Mass, on the S. bank of Merrimack river, opposite to Salisbury, with which it is connected by a bridge, 24 m. N. from Safem, 32 NNE. from Boston, Pop. 3,803. It contains 2 academies, and 5 Con gregational churches, NEWBURY, district, S. C. See Newberry. NEWBURY, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 594. NEWBURYPORT, t and port of entry, Essex co. Mass, on the S. bank of the Merri mack, 3 m. from its mouth, 24 N. from Salem, 24 SSW. from Portsmouth, 33 NNE. from Boston. Lon. 70 47 W.; lat. 42 49 N. Pop. 6,388. NEWBY S CROSS-ROADS, v. Culpcper eo. Va NEWCASTLE, t. Lincoln co. Me. 7 m. NNE. from Wiscasset, 165 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,544. Here is an academy. NEWCASTLE, or Great Island, isl. and t. Rockingham co. N. H. in the mouth of the Piscataqua, 2 m. E. from Portsmouth. Pop. 592. On the NE. point are a light-house and a fort. NEWCASTLE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 6 m. W. from Bedford, 37 N. from New York Pop. 1,336. NEWCASTLE, co. Delaware, bounded N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Delaware river and bay, S. by Kent co. and W. by Maryland. The Chesapeake and Delaware canal crosses this co. Length 36 m. mean width 12 ; area 432 sq. ms. Pop. in 1820, 27,899 ; in 1830, 29,710. Chief towns, Newcastle and Wil mington. NEWCASTLE, t. and cap. Newcastle co. Delaware, on W. bank of the river Delaware, 5 m. SSW. from Wilmington, 33 SW. from Philadelphia, 103 from W. Lon. 75 35 W. ; lat. 39 43 N. It contains 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians and 1 for Presby terians, a court-house, a jail, an academy, and about 150 houses, and has some trade. A rail-road passes from this place to French town, Md. NEWCASTLE, t. Mercer co. Va. NEWCASTLE, t. Hanover co. Virginia on the Pamunky, 24 miles NE. from Rich mond. NEWCASTLE, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. NEWCASTLE, t. and cap. Henry co. Ken. on the river Kentucky, 18 m. S. from West- port, 556 from W. It contains the county buildings, a bank, and about 150 houses. NEW CHESTER, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Merrimack. Pop. 1,090. NEWCOME, v. Preble co. Ohio, 103 m. SW. by W. from Columbus. NEWCOMERSTOWN, settlement, in the SW. quarter of Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 18 m. SW. by W. from New Philadelphia, and 4 E. from Coshocton. NEW CONCORD, v. Columbia co. N. Y. 48 m. from Albany. NEW DURHAM, t. Strafford co. N. H. 40 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,162. NEW EGYPT, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 35 m. NE. by E. from Philadelphia. NEW ENGLAND, name given at an early period to all the country that lies between Canada and New York, and which at present comprises New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, and Maine. NEWENHAM, Cape, rocky point of con siderable height, on the W. coast of N. Ameri- ca. It was discovered by Capt. Cook, in 1778. Lon. 162 24 W.; lat 58 42 N. NEW FAIRFIELD, t. Fairficld co. Ct. Pop. 958. It is situated between Brookfield and the state of N. York. NEW FANE, t. Windham co. Vt. Pop. 1,441. It is situated on the E. side of West river, 8 m. NW. from Fulham. NEW NEW 849 NEW FELICIANA, parish, La. bounded N. by Mississippi, E. by Amite river, or parish St. Helena, S. by East Baton Rouge, and SW. by the Mississippi river. St. Francisville is the only town worthy of notice. Pop. in 1820, 12,732; in 1830, 16,876. NEWFIELD, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. 210 m. W. from Albany, 9 from Ithaca. Pop. 2,664. NEWFIELD, t. York co. Me. 40 m. NNW. from York. Pop. 1,289. NEWFOUND LAKE, lake, N. H. in He bron, New Chester, Alexandria, and Bridge- water, 6 m. long from N. to S. and 2 broad. NEWFOUNDLAND, isl. on the E. coast of N. America, between 47 and 52 N. lat. It was discovered by Sebastian Cabot in 1496, Had, after many disputes with the French, it was ceded to the English in 1713. It is of a triangular form, from 300 to 350 m. on a side. It has several harbors, and there are about 5 or 600 English families settled here, beside the garrison of St. John, Placentia, and other forts. In the fishing season, which begins in May and ends in September, it is resorted to by at least 10,000 people, on account of the cod fisheries on the banks near it. NEWFOUND RIVER, r. N. H. which flows from Newfound Lake, and after a south erly course of 4 or 5 m. runs into the Merri- mack near Bristol. NEWFOUND MILLS, v. Hanover co. Va. NEW GARDEN, t. Chester co. Pa. NEW GARDEN, v. Robinson co. N. C. NEW GARDEN, v. Columbiana co. Ohio. NEW GENEVA, v. Fayette co. Pa. NEW GEORGIA, islands, 12 in number, in the Polar sea, discovered in 1819, by Lieut. Parry. The largest is Melville Island. NEW GERMANTOWN, v. Huntingdon CO.N.J. NEW GLASGOW, v. Amherst co. Va. Here is an academy for young ladies. NEW HAMPSHIRE, one of the U. S. See p. 48. NEW HAMPTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 30 m. above Concord. Pop. 1,904. NEW HAMPTON, v. Hunterdon N. J. 21 m. N. by W. from Flemington, 40 NW. from New Brunswick. NEW HANOVER, co. N. C. bounded by the Atlantic ocean SE. Cape Fear river, or Brunswick SW. Bladen W. Sampson NW. Duplin N. and Orslon E. Length 50 m. mean width 25. Surface mostly flat, and in part marshy. Staples, cotton and tobacco. Chief town, Wilmington. Pop. in 1820, 10,866 ; in 1830, 10,759. NEW HARTFORD, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 22 m. W. by N. of the city of Hartford, and 12 m. NE. of Litchfield, the shire town. Pop. 1,766. NEW HARTFORD, v. Oneida co. N.Y. 4 m. W. from Utica. NEW HAVEN, t, Addison co. Vt. on Ot ter creek. NEW HAVEN, co. Ct. bounded by Long Island Sound S. Housatonnuc river, or Fairfield SW. Litchfield NW. Hartford N. and Middle sex NE. Length 27 m. mean breadth 22. This county is one of the most pleasingly di versified of any in the United States. A chain of mountains of moderate elevation, pervades it from SSW. to NNE. and the surface is in general undulating, except near the Sound. Chief town, New Haven. Pop. in 1820, 39,616; in 1830, 43,848. NEW HAVEN, city, seaport, and cap. of New Haven co. Ct. and semi-capital of the state, stands at the head of a bay which opens 4 m. into the land, from Long Island Sound. It is surrounded by a beautiful and extensive plain, bounded on all sides, except towards the water, by lofty hills, which rise in some places to the height of 300 or 400 feet. It is laid out with great regularity and neatness ; the streets are 64 feet in width, and their intersections rectangular. A square in the centre is laid out as a public ground. It is adorned with rows of handsome shade trees and spacious walks. On this square stand the public build ings, the college edifices, and 4 churches. For beauty, there are few squares in the Union to compare with this. Two of the churches are for Congregationalists, and are very elegant structures. Another is for Episcopalians, and is a most superb Gothic edifice of stone. The state-house, which stands in front of this square, is one of the handsomest buildings of the kind in the United States. This city con- tains also a Methodist meeting-house, a jail, an alms-house, a museum, an observatory, 2 banks, a large gun factory, and manufactories of pa per and cotton. Yale College, at this place, was founded in 1700, and ranks as the second literary institution in the Union. The college library contains 8,500 volumes, and the stu dents , 9,000. The philosophical and chemi cal apparatus is excellent and complete. The faculty consists of a president, 10 professors, and 5 tutors. The whole number of stu dents in 1829, divided among the departments of law, medicine, theology, and the academic course, was 496. Of this number, the college students made 269. The requisites for admis sion into the freshman class, are, a good know ledge of Cicero s Select Orations, Virgil, Sal- lust, Graeca Minora, the Greek Testament, and common Arithmetic. The candidate must also be 14 years of age. The following is the course of study : 1st year, Livy, five first books, Homer, 5 or 6 books, Geography, Webber s Arithmetic, Day s Algebra, Adams Roman Antiquities ; 2d year, Horace, Graeca Majora, Murray s English Grammar, Elements of His tory and Chronology, Euclid, Plain Trigonom etry, Mensuration, Surveying, Navigation, Co nic Sections, Spherical Geometry and Trigo nometry, and Rhetoric ; 3d year, Cicero de Or- atore, and de Officiis, Tacitus History, 5 books, de Vita Agricola, and de Moribus Germanorum, Graeca Majora, 1st vol. finished, Vince s Flux ions, Enfield s Natural Philosophy and Astron omy, Ferguson s History of Civil Society, and Chemistry ; 4th year, Hebrew, Natural Philo sophy, and Chemistry continued, Locke on the Human Understanding, Hedge s Logic, Blair s Jf>0 NEW NEW Rhetoric, Puley s Moral Philosophy, Natural Theology, and Evidences of Christianity. The students attend the lectures of the several pro fessors on their respective branches, and have frequent exercises in speaking and composi tion. Commencement is held on the 2d Wed nesday in September. There are 3 vacations ; the 1st from commencement, 6 weeks; the 2d from the 2d Wednesday in January, 3 weeks; the 3d from the Wednesday immediately pre ceding- the 2d Thursday in May, 3 weeks. The whole number of graduates up to 1830, was 4,355, of whom 1,257 had devoted them selves to the ministry. There is connected with the college, a Medical Institution, which was established in 1813, and has 4 professors, one of materia medica and botany, one of the theory and practice of physic, surgery, and ob stetrics, one of Chemistry and pharmacy, and one of anatomy and physiology. The Medical College is an elegant edifice of stone. There are belonging to this department a valuable anatomical museum, and a medical library. The lectures commence on the 1st of Novem ber. The course of each professor includes about 100 lectures. New Haven is the largest eeaport in the state. A large amount of ship ping is owned here. Steam-boats run daily between it and New York. Pop. 10,180. NEW HAVEN, t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 1,410. NEW HAVEN, v. Huron co. Ohio. NEW HAVEN, t. New Haven co. Ct. and containing New Haven city. Pop. in 1820, 8,326; in 1830, 10,678. NEW HAVEN, t. in the S. borders of Hu ron co. Ohio. NEW HAVEN, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 129 m. SW. from Columbus. NEW HAVEN, v. Gallatin co. II. 74 m. SSE. from Vandalia. NEW HOLLAND, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 13 m. NE. from Lancaster. NEW HOPE, v. Spartansburg district, S.C. NEW HOPE, v. Hancock co. Geo. 20 m. from Milledgeville. NEW IBERIA, v. Louisiana, parish of St. Martin s, on the right bank of Teche, 48 in. above its mouth, consisting of one street along the river, containing about 40 houses, and 200 inhabitants. The bank is here something higher than it is either above or below ; schoon ers drawing 4 or 5 feet water come up to New Iberia at all seasons. Lat. 30 N. NEWINGTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the E. side of Great Bay, 5 in. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 549. NEW INLET, coast of N. J. See Little Eggharbor. NEW INLET, one of the mouths of Cape Fear river, N. C. NEW IPSWICH, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 52 m. N. from Boston. It contains an academy and a number of mills. Pop. 1,673. NEW JERSEY, one of the states of the U.S. See page 74. NEW KENT, co. Va. bounded N. by Pa munky river, E. by James City co. S. by Charles City and Henrico cos. and W. by Hanover co. Pop. 6,457. Chief town, New Kent C. H. NEW LEBANON, v. Columbia co. N. Y. on the road from Pittsfield to Albany, 24 m. from the latter place. This town is remarka ble for a tepid spring which has become a watering place of much resort. The Shakers own 3,000 acres of land in this town, and have a very flourishing settlement near Lebanon village. NEW LEBANON, v. Camden co. N. C. 220 m. NE. from Raleigh. NEW LEXINGTON, v. Richland co. Ohio, on the W. bank of Mohican creek, 10 m. from Belleville. NEW LEXINGTON, v. Knox co. Ohio, 13 m. E. from Mount Vernon. NEW LEXINGTON, t. in the eastern part of Preble co. Ohio, on Twin creek, upon the road from Dayton to Eaton, 6 m. E. from Eaton, 19 W. from Dayton, and 85 W. by S. from Columbus. NEW LEXINGTON, v. Scott co. In. 17 m. W. from Madison. Salt wells have been dug here to the great depth of 700 feet. It contains about 60 houses, 300 inhabitants, and one printing-office. NEW LIBERTY, v. Owen co. Ken. 40 m. by postroad from Frankfort. NEW LISBON, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. SW. from Cooper s-town. Pop. 2,232. NEW LISBON, v. Montgomery co. Md. near the E. side of Cattail creek, branch of the Patuxent, and on Frederick turnpike, 22 m. W. from Baltimore. NEW LISBON, nourishing v. and seat of justice, Columbiana co. Ohio, 35 m. S. from Warren in Trumbull co. 56 m. NE. from Pitts- burg, 160 NE. from Columbus. It contains some elegant county buildings, a bank, and 2 brick meeting-houses. In the vicinity are a furnace, glass factory, paper-mill, and other valuable mills and manufacturing establish ments. NEW LONDON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 30 m. NW. from Concord. NEW LONDON, SE. co. of Ct. bounded by Rhode Island E. by Long Island Sound S. by Middlesex co. Ct. W Hartford and Tolland NW. and Windham N. Length 30 m. mean width 20. Connecticut river forms part of its W. boundary; but beside this stream, New London co. is in a remarkable manner in dented with bays and rivers. The soil is pro ductive in fruits, grain, and pasturage. Sta ples, grain, flour, live-stock, lumber, fish, &c. Chief town, New London. Pop. 1820, 35,943 ; in 1830, 42,295. NEW LONDON, city, sea-port, and, alter nately with Norwich, seat of justice for New London co. Ct. is situated on the W. side of the Thames, 3 m. above its mouth, 14 m. be low Norwich, and 42 SE. from Hartford. Lon. 4 E. ; lat. 41 N. from W. Beside the ordi nary county buildings, it contains 2 banks, a marine insurance office, several churches, and 2 or 3 printing-offices. Having a depth of 5 fathoms water, the harbor is the best between NEW NEW 351 New York and Newport, and is very seldom obstructed by ice. The city is defended by forts Griswold and Trumbull, the former on Groton side opposite the city, and the latter on the New London side of the harbor. Dis tance from W. 354 m. NEW LONDON, Ann-Arundel co. Md. 5 m. SSW. from Annapolis. NEW LONDON, v. Campbell co. Va. 18 m. SW. from Lynchburg. NEW LONDON, t. in the SE. quarter of Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 407 NEW LONDON, v. Jefferson co. In. on Ohio river, 30 m. above Louisville. NEW LONDON, v. and seat of justice, Rails co. Miso. on Salt river, about 100 m. NW. from St. Louis. Lat. 39 32 N. NEW LONDON, t. Campbell co. Va. 123 m. WSW. from Richmond. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and about 130 houses. NEW LONDON, t. Chester co. Pa. NEW LONDON CROSS-ROADS, v. Ches ter co. Pa. NEW MADISON, v. Darke co. Ohio, 81 m. a little N. of W. from Columbus. NEW MADRID, v. and seat of justice, New Madrid co. Miso. 70 m. below the mouth of the Ohio. It contains about 60 houses and 300 inhabitants. Lat. 36 36 N. ; Ion. 12 24 W. from W. NEW MADRID, co. Miso. bounded by Mississippi river SE. Arkansas Territory S. St. Francis river N W. and Cape Girardeau N. Length 60 m. mean width 25. Staples, In dian corn, pork, cotton, and other articles. Chief town, New Madrid. Pop. in 1820, 2,296 ; in 1830, 2,351. NEWMARKET, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 11 m. W. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,013. Lam prey river falls into Great Bay, near the NE. corner of this town, where there is a consider able village, and about 2 m. distant from this there is another pleasant village, containing an academy. Here is a bridge crossing a branch of the Piscataqua, which connects this town with Stratham. NEWMARKET, t. Dorchester co. Md. 9 m. E. from Cambridge. NEWMARKET, t. Frederick co. Md. 13 m. WSW. from Fredericktown. NEWMARKET, t. Shenandoah co. Va. 22 :n. SSW. from Woodstock, 50 NE. from Staun- ton. It contains a handsome Episcopal church, and 80 or 100 houses. NEWMARKET, t. King and Queen co. Va. NEWMARKET, t. Spottsylvania co. Va. NEWMARKET, t Prince William co. Va. NEWMARKET, t. Amherst co. Va. on James river, 100 m. above Richmond. NEWMARKET, t. Bertie co. N. C. NEWMARKET, t. Highland co. Ohio, 42 m. W. from Chillicothe, 51 E. from Cincinnati. Pop. 1,259. NEWMARKET, t. Geauga co. Ohio, about 25 m. E. from Cleveland. NEW MILFORD, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 16 m. N. of Danbury, and 18 SW. of Litchfield, on the NE. side of Housatonnuc river. Pop. 3,979. NEW MILLS, v. in Danvers, Mass. 2 m NW. from Salem. NEW MILLS, v. Burlington co. N. J. 8 m. E. from Mount Holly. NEWNSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Mil Creek, 14 m. ENE. from Harrisburg. NEW ORLEANS. NEW ORLEANS, city, port of entry, and capital of Louisiana, stands on the left bank of *he Mississippi river, 105 m. above its mouth. The city proper contains six complete squares, each having a front of 319 feet in length. Each square is divided into 12 lots. Many of the streets do not exceed 40 feet in width. The public buildings are a town-house, hospital, the Cathedral church of St. Louis, the barracks, custom-house, market-house, 5 banks, and two theatres, one for French, and the other for American actors. There is also a convent of Ursuline nuns. The Spanish and French modes of building prevail, and most of the houses are finished outside with stucco, which gives the city rather a fantastic appearance to a stranger. The ground on which it stands, is lower than the surface of the river, which 352 NEW NEW is confined within its channel by an artificial bank called the levee, which was raised at great expense, and extends 50 m. The land is so spongy that the houses are necessarily without cellars. It is very advantageously sit uated for commerce, the Mississippi and its numerous branches wafting to it the produc tions of a fertile country of more than 2,000 miles in extent. It is already one of the most important commercial ports in America, and is probably destined to become, at no distant period, the rival of the first in Europe. The harbor presents an area of many acres, cover ed with all the grotesque variety of flat-boats, keel-boats, and water craft of every descrip tion, that have floated from all points of the valley above. Sloops, schooners, brigs, and ships occupy the wharves, arranged below each other, in the order of their size, showing a for est of masts. The foreign aspect of the stuc coed houses in the city proper, the massive buildings of the Fauxbourg St. Mary, the bus tle and movement on every side, all seen at one view in the bright coloring of the brilliant sun and sky of the climate, present a splendid spec tacle. There have been counted in the harbor, 1,500 flat-boats at a time. Steam-boats are coming and departing every hour ; and 50 are frequently seen lying in the harbor at a time. There are often 5 or 6,000 boatmen from the upper country here ; and it is not uncommon to see 40 vessels advertised for Liverpool and Havre. No place in the United States has so much activity and bustle of commerce, crowd ed into so small a space, in the months of Feb ruary and March. During the season of bring ing in the cotton crop, whole streets are barri caded with cotton bales. The amount of do mestic exports from this city exceeds 12 mil lions of dollars a year, being greater than thai of any other city of the Union, except New York, and nearly equalling that. The great est items that make this amount, are sugar and cotton. Its advantages of communication with the country, immediately adjacent to it, have been overlooked, in comparison with those of its relation to the upper country. But even in these respects it is unrivalled. By the basin of the canal, and the Bayou St. John, it com municates with Lake Ponchartrain, and the connected lakes; with the opposite Florida shore, with Mobile, Pensacola, and the whole Gulf shore, east and west. Not a few vessels clear from the basin for the Atlantic and Mex ican ports. The basin is scarcely distant a quarter of a mile from the ship landing on the Mississippi. A person on the basin wharf can see the masts of the vessels, lying on the shore of the levee, and yet a vessel sailing from the basin, would have to sail through the lakes along the Gulf shore, and up the Missis sippi, some hundreds of miles, to arrive at so little distance from her former position. Even the commerce and shipping of the basin would be sufficient for the support of a considerable city. There is an incorporation, to connect the lake with the Mississippi by a canal, di rectly from the one to the other. A most ne cessary and important canal is also contem- )lated, for connecting Attakapas with die city A rail-road 4 m. in length, from the city to Lake Ponchartrain, has been recently finished. tt is perfectly straight, and varies only 16 nches from a dead level from end to end. No city in the United States contains such a vari ety of inhabitants from every state in the Union, and from every nation in Europe ; and there are not a few from the Spanish country, and the islands. There is an astonishing con trast of manners, language, and complexion. One half the population is black or colored. The French population probably as yet pre dominates over the American. Among the Americans, the inhabitants of the city of New York seem to have the greater number, and New Orleans has more intercourse with New York, than any other American city. The intercourse with Havana and Vera Cruz is great, and constantly increasing. The college is a respectable building, and has ample en dowments, but has, as yet, done little for the literature of the country. There are a num ber of charitable institutions in this city, of respectable character ; and when the epidemic yellow fever visits it, the manner in which the inhabitants bestow charity, nursing, shelter, and medical aid to the sick, is worthy of all praise. A library, for the use of the poorer reading young men of the city, has been in stituted, and in the extent of her efficient and useful charities, New Orleans is not far behind her Atlantic sisters. There are fewer churches in the city, than in any other town of the same size in the United States. There are but three Catholic places of worship, one Presbyterian, one Episcopalian, a Mariners church, a Baptist and a Methodist place of worship. Very little observance of the Sabbath, as northern people estimate it, is seen in this city. It is well known, that the forms of the Catholic worship do not forbid amusements on the Sabbath. The city and Fauxbourgs (suburbs) contain ed, in 1830, 46,310 inhabitants. It is about 1,000 m. below the mouth of the Ohio, and 1,203 m. from Washington. NEW ORLEANS, parish, La. including the city of New Orleans, bounded by the Gulf of Mexico S. the interior of Lafourche and German coast W. Lake Ponchartrain N. the Rigolets and Lake Borgne NE. and Plaque- mine E. Length 80 m. mean width 16. It lies between lat. 29 14 and 30 12 N. Pop. exclusive of the city, 3,793. Chief town, New Orleans. NEW PALTZ, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 15 m. below Kingston landing, and 7 m, S. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 5,105. NEW PALTZ LANDING, v. Ulster co. N. Y. on Hudson river, opposite Poughkeepsie. NEW PARIS, v. Preble co. Ohio, 92 m. a little S. of W. from Columbus. NEW PHILADELPHIA, v. and seat of justice, Tusearawas co, Ohio. It is situated on the left bank of Muskingum river, on a beautiful plain, opposite the mouth of Sugar creek. It contains the county buildings, seve ral stores, and 410 inhabitants. It is 50 m. NE. from Zanesville, and 314 from W. NEW NEW 353 NEW PHILADELPHIA, v. Hardin co. Ken. 5 m. from Ohio river, 30 above Louisville. NEWPORT, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 8 m. E. of Claremont, 42 WNW. of Concord. Here is a cotton manufactory. NEWPORT, t. Kennebeck co. Me. NEWPORT, co. R. I. Pop. 16,534. NEWPORT, t. s-p. and cap. Newport co. on SW. end of the island of Rhode Island, 5 m. from the sea, 15 S. from Bristol, 30 S. by E. from Providence, 55 E. by N. from New Lon don, 71 S. by W from Boston. Lon. 71 19 W.; lat. 41 25 N. Pop. 8,010. Among the public and other principal buildings are, a state-house, a jail, an academy, 2 banks, 2 in- surance-offices, a public library containing 1,600 volumes, and 11 houses of public wor ship, 2 for Congregationalists, 3 for Baptists, 1 for Sabbatarians or Seventh-day Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends, 1 for Metho dists, 1 for Moravians, and a Jews Synagogue. It has a very spacious and safe harbor, where a large fleet may ride at anchor, defended by three forts. Newport was once the greatest commercial seaport in the state, but its pros perity has of late years greatly declined. NEWPORT, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 20 m. N. from Herkimer, 95 NW. from Albany. NEWPORT, t. Cumberland co. N. J. NEWPORT, t. Newcastle co. Delaware, on Christiana creek, 3 m. SW. from Wilmington, 31 SW. from Philadelphia. It contains about 30 houses. NEWPORT, t. Charles co. Md. 11 m. SE from Port Tobacco. NEWPORT, t. Wood co. Va. on the Ohio, at the junction of the Little Kenhawa, opposite Belpre. NEWPORT, t. Washington co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 11 m. ENE. from Marietta. NEWPORT, t. and cap. Campbell co. Ken. on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, and just above the entrance of the Licking, which separates it from Covington, 498 m. from W. It is situ ated on an elevated and beautiful plain, com manding a fine prospect of Cincinnati and Covington, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, a market-house, an academy, and a U. S. arsenal. NEWPORT, t. and cap. Cocke co. Ten. NEWPORT, t. Liberty co. Geo. 34 m. from Savannah. NEWPORT, r. N. C. which runs into the sea. NEW PRESTON, v. Litchfield co. Ct. 10 m. SW. by W. from Litchfield, and 43 a little S. of W. from Hartford. NEW PROSPECT, v. Bergen co. N. J. 88 m. NE. from Trenton. NEW PROVIDENCE, t. Essex co. N. J. 12 m. W. from Newark. Pop. 910. NEW RICHMOND, v. Clermont co. Ohio, containing 600 inhabitants. It stands on Ohio river, 15 m. SW. from Williamsburg. NEW RIVER, small stream of Onslow co. N. C. entering the Atlantic Ocean by New In let, 45 m. WSW. from Cape Lookout. NEW RIVER, small r, of Beaufort district 2U S. C. falling into the estuary of Savannah river, 18 m. E. from Savannah. NEW RIVER, r. of La. draining the angle jetween the Mississippi and Amite rivers, flows E. and falls into the western extremity of Lake Maurepas. NEW ROCHELLE, v. Westchester co. V. Y. planted originally by French Huguenots. It lies 20 m. NE. of the city of New York. NEW ROWLEY, v. Essex co. Mass. 35 NNE. from Boston. NEW RUMLEY, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 11 m. northerly from Cadiz, and 130 NE. from Columbus. NEWRY, t. Oxford co. Me. 24 m. NW. of Paris. Pop. 345. NEWRY, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. NEW SWITZERLAND, v. Switzerland co. Ohio, on the right bank of Ohio river, 65 in. below Cincinnati. The inhabitants are mostly Swiss emigrants, who have made some not unsuccessful attempts to cultivate the vine. NEWTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass, on the river Charles, opposite Needham, 9 m. W. of Boston. Pop. 2,377. The falls on the river between Newton and Needham afford many excellent mill-seats ; and on the Newton side there are five paper-mills, iron manufactories, several snuff-mills, &c. NEWTON, t. and cap. Sussex eo. N. J. 106 m. NNE. from Philadelphia, 76 N. from Tren ton, 288 from. W. It is a pleasant and flour, ishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a bank, a printing-office, a Pres byterian church, about 50 compact houses, and has a manufactory of iron carried on in a fur- nace and 4 forges. Here is a remarkable cave called the Devil s Hole. NEWTON, t. Delaware co. Pa. NEWTON, t. Cumberland co. Peu NEWTON, t. Licking eo. Ohio. Pop. 879 NEWTON, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop.. 715. NEWTON, t. Muskingum eo. Ohio. Pop. 2,361. NEWTON, t. Trumbull eo. Ohio. NEWTOWN, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. NNW. from Newburyport, 26 SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 665. NEWTOWN, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 9 m,E. by N. from Danbury, 25 WNW. from New Ha- ven. Pop. 3,099. It is a pleasant town r and contains an academy. NEWTOWN, t. Queens co. N. Y. on Long Island, 8 m. E. from New York. Pop. 2,610. Near the centre of the township there is a pleasant vilkge containing 3 houses of public worship. From this place come those well- known apples, called u Newtown Pippins." NEWTOWN, t. Bucks co. Pa. 10 m. W. from Trenton, 22 NNE. from Philadelphia. It is situated on a branch of the Nashiminy, and contains a Presbyterian church, an academy, &c. and was formerly the seat of justice for the county. NEWTOWN, t. Gloucester eo. N. J. Pop. 3,298. NEWTOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. NEWTOWN, v. Worcester oo. Md> 854 NEWTOWN, v. King and Queen co. Va. 41 m. NE. from Richmond. NEWTOWN, v. Loudon co. Va. 55 m.fh W. NEWTOWN, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, on Lit tle Miami, 6 m. above its mouth. NEWVILLE, v. Herkimer co. N. Y. 79 m. NW. by W. from Albany. NEWVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Pa. 12 m. nearly W. from Carlisle. NEW NEW NEWVILLE, v. Barnwell district, S. C 110 m. SW. from Columbia. NEW WASHINGTON, v. Clarke co. In. 105 m. SSE. from Indianapolis. NEW WINDSOR, t. Orange co. N. Y. on the W. side of Hudson river, 60 m. N. of New York, and 95 S. of Albany. Pop. 2,310. NEW WOODSTOCK, v. Madison co. N. Y. NEW YORK, one of the U. S. See p. 66. NEW YORK, AND ITS ENVIRONS. NEW YORK, city and co. of New York, situated on Manhattan Island, between Hud son river, East river, New York Bay, and Haerlem river. Lat. 40 42 N. and Ion. 74 W. from London, and 3 E. from W. 143 m. below Albany, 90 NE. from Philadelphia, and 210 SW. from Boston. Manhattan Island, which forms the county of New York, is about 12 m. long, and has an average width of 1J, containing about 18 sq. ms. The city of New York is the grand commercial emporium of the United States. The harbor is deep, safe, and not subject to be frozen, and so spacious as to accommodate any number of vessels of any size. The shipping belonging to this port exceeds 350,000 tons. In its exterior, New York lias a more imposing appearance than any other city in the V States. Its principal street, Broadway, which nearly bisects the city, is 80 feet wide, and more than 3 m. in length, and generally built up with noble and elegant buildings. The Battery is a place of great public resort in the southern part of the island. Castle Garden is also much frequented. The Park is a beautiful common, finely shaded with trees, and contains 6 acres of ground. In this square stands the City Hall, a superb and massive structure of white marble, 216 ft. in length by 105 in breadth. It contains the Police Office, the Municipal Court rooms, and the Common Council chamber, ornamentefl with portraits of distinguished revolutionary heroes. The New York Institution is of brick, 260 feet by 44, and is appropriated to associations of literature and the fine arts, such as the Lit erary and Philosophical Society, the Historical Society with its library, the American Acade my of Fine Arts with its paintings, and the New York Lyceum of Natural History with its collections. The University is in a central point. The building is of stone, 200 feet in length, and 3 stories high. The state prison, in the eastern part of the city, is 204 feet in length, by 200 in depth, and is built of free- stone. The Alms House is still further east. It is an inclosure, containing the work-house and penitentiary. The dimensions of the first are 320 by 50 feet, the next 200 by 25, and the third 250 by 50. The Park Theatre and the Bowery Theatre are conspicuous build- ings. St. Paul s church, containing the monu ment and remains of Gen. Montgomery, and Trinity church, are spacious Episcopalian churches, both in conspicuous points on Broad way. St. John s church in Hudson Square, one of the finest in the city, has the tallest spire in New York. The Medical College is a large and conspicuous edifice. The estab lishment is amply endowed, and generally contains from 2 to 300 medical students. The following are all spacious public buildings : Clinton Hall, the Bible Society s Depository, the American Tract Society s buildings, both in Nassau-street, the Arcade, and the Arcade Baths, the New York Baths, the Public Ma- NEW NEW 355 rine Bath, the Manhattan Water Works, the Exhibition Room of the National Academy of the Arts of Design, Rutgers Medical College and Public School, Masonic Hall, Orphan Asy lum, Fever Hospital, House of Refuge for ju venile delinquents, Lunatic Asylum, the City Hotel, the Mansion House, the National Hotel, the Franklin House, Tammany Hall, and many other spacious hotels. The city has 10 market-houses, 14 or 15 banks, between 20 and 30 insurance offices, over 100 houses of public worship, of which those of Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, and Metho dists are the most numerous. There are 8 spacious buildings appropriated to public schools, valued with their furniture at $150,000. The High School of this city is an interesting institution, and the largest establishment of the kind in the U. States. There are a num ber of public libraries. The Sunday Schools and Infant Schools are efficient and useful establishments. EXCHANGE, NEW YORK. The New York Exchange fronting upon Wall-street, is also of white marble, and adorn ed with columns in front. It contains the Ex change, Post Office, Commercial Reading Rooms, insurance offices, and offices of several daily papers. The cupola commands a fine view of the city, and is surmounted with a tel egraph, by which ship-arrivals are announced when at the distance of more than 30 m. from the city. Columbia College was founded in 1754 ; it has a president, five professors, and the num ber of students ranges from 120 to 150. The libraries contain 14,000 volumes. Commence ment is on the first Tuesday in August ; vaca tion from commencement to the first Monday in October. A proposal has lately been made in the city, to erect a university which should be suited to the demands of all classes. This has called forth from Columbia college a new and improved plan, intended to meet the de mands. 1. The course of instruction now ex isting, is to be maintained and denominated 7. The two courses may be united at the lee- tures. 8. Various public bodies in New York are entitled to have two students always in the college, free of all charges of tuition ; every school from which, in any one year, 4 students shall be admitted into college, shall have the privilege of sending one free of expense ; every religious denomination in the city may edu cate one who is designed for the ministry, free of expense. The above course embraces lyce- um, high school, and college instruction. The number of graduates, since the establishment of the college, to and including the year 1831, is about 1,100. There are now in the college about 100. The College of Physicians and Surgeon* was founded in the year 1807, by an act of the legislature of New York, at the recommenda tion of the Regents of the University, by whosa immediate government it is controlled. Lec tures commence on the first Monday of No vember annually, and continue four months. Degrees conferred by the Regents of the Uni- the full course. Another course is established, j versity at the recommendation of the board of called the literary and scientific course; the | trustees. The college building is situated in whole, or any part of which, matriculated stu dents may attend. 2. Those in the scientific and literary course shall study the modern languages, instead of the Latin and Greek. In other studies, the two courses are similar, ex cept that the literary and scientific has some additional studies. 3. Persons not matricu lated, may attend the literary and scientific course. 4. Matriculated students, who shall pass through the new course, shall receive tes timonials of the same. 5. The fees in the new course shall not exceed $15 per annum for each professor. 6. Enlarged instruction shall be given in Greek and Roman literature. Barclay street, New York. The whole ex pense of all the courses is $100. The government of the city of New York is composed of a mayor, 10 aldermen, and 10 assistants. This city has been constantly and rapidly increasing for the last 30 or 40 years. It more than doubled its population within the last 20 years. Packets sail from New York to Liverpool and London every week ; to Havre every 10 days, and to Hull, Greenwich, Bel fast, Vera Cruz, Carthagena, and all the chief ports of the United States at different times. It is the second commercial city in the world, as the amount of shipping owned here is equal 356 NEW NIC to more than half that of London. During the year 1830, there arrived 1,489 vessels from foreign ports ; sailed for foreign ports 1,138 ; entered coastwise 1,332, cleared coastwise 3,474 ; total arrived and departed 7,433. The revenue collected at the custom-house in 1829 was 13,052,676 dollars ; being more than half the whole revenue of the United States from foreign commerce. CITY EXPENSES AND REVENUE FOR 1832. Expenses. The Comptroller estimates the expenses of the city, for 1832 (including interest on debt $50,000) at $600,475 00 Revenue. From rents, auction duties, licenses, &c $159,000 00 The amount to be raised by taxes in 1832 550,000 00 709,000 00 Leaving an amount to apply 1 to contingencies and deficien- V ... 108,525 00 cies of former years of . . ) Licenses in 1831. 45 Licensed Lottery Offices which pay $250 each one-half to the Public Schools of the city, and one-half to the New-York Deaf and Dumb Institution. 9997 Grocery and Tavero Licenses, were issued in 1831. 2350 Cartrnen s Licenses, do. 130 Porters Licenses, do. 200 Hackney Coach Licenses, do. 67 Stage Licenses, do. 25 Licenses for Dealers in second-hand articles. 12 Pawnbrokers Licenses. 40 Master Chimney Sweeps, with an average of 2 boys to each. 1 General Patentee for Patent Sweeps. The number of watchmen at present employed in the city, including their officers, is 546. Annual ex- fens* to the city, $90,000. CENSUS OF NEW YORK FOR 1830, Taken from the Marshal s Returns. White. Males. Females. Under 5 years 13,644 13,265 5 to 10 10,357 10,665 10 to 15 8,656 9,802 15 to 20 ..... 9,918 11,556 20 to 30 21,409 22,556 30 to 40 13,659 12,916 40 to 50 6,625 6,694 50 to 60 3,207 3,702 60 to 7Q 1,468 1,793 70 to 80 479 0to 96 178 90 to 106 14 31 100 and upwards . 7 2 Total 89,523 93,826 Colored. Males. Females. Under 10 years 1,261 1,431 Iflto 20 .... 1,358 .......... 2,135 20 to 36 .... 1,774 2,495 36 to 55 .... 1,269 , . 1,530 55 to 100 .... 371 449 100 and upwards 5 5 Total . 6,038 . . 8,045 Total persons classed ...... Persons returned not classed 197,432 5,525 Total 202,957 For further statistical information, see page 71. NEW YORK, t. Albemarle co. Va. 23 m W. from Charlotte. NEW YORK, t. Champaign co. Ohio. NEXAPA, t. Mexico, 15 m. W. from Oax NIAGARA, r. in N. America, which car ries the surplus waters of lakes Superior, Mich igan, Huron, and Erie into lake Ontario. Its general course from lake Erie to lake Ontario is N. For the first 2 miles its current is rapid it then becomes smooth and gentle, with a width varying from half a mile to a mile and a half, and flows 7 m. to Grand Isle, where it divides into two large branches, which unite again at the foot of this island (which is 18 m. long) three miles above the Great Falls. Its width here is upwards of a mile ; but now its breadth gradually diminishing as its velocity increases, it becomes reduced to f of a mile in width, when its waters are poured down a precipice of 160 feet perpendicular, accompa nied with a tremendous roar, which is heard at the distance of 15 miles. There is a small island in the river just above the brink of the falls, which divides the stream in two parts, but they unite long before they reach the bed of the river below. This river, which is the boundary line between N. Y. and Upper Canada, is 35 m. in length. This stupendous cataract is justly regarded as one of the most sublime and imposing spectacles exhibited in nature. It may well be supposed that so magnificent a spectacle should attract thousands of visitors. It has become a place of great fashionable re sort ; and during the summer months, it is thronged with visitors from every quarter of the civilized world. It may appear singular, yet it is affirmed to be true, that some persons have lived and grown old within hearing of the roar of these falls without ever having seen them, while many have made journeys of thousands of miles for the purpose, and thought themselves richly rewarded for their curiosity. NIAGARA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Genesee co. S. by Tonnewanta creek which separates it from Erie co. and W. by Niagara river. Pop. 18,485. Chief town, Lock port, NIAGARA, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Niaga ra nver, just above the falls. NIAGARA, t. and fort, Niagara co. N. Y. on the Niagara, at its entrance into Lake On tario, 15m. below the great falls. It was taken by the British in 1813, and the town was de stroyed, but has since been rebuilt in a better style than before. Pop. 1,401. NICHOLAS, co. of Western Va. formed in 1818, of a part of Greenbrier co. Pop. 3,349, of whom 120 are colored. Seat of justice, Nicholas C. H. NICHOLAS, co. Ken. Pop. 8,832. Chief town, Carlisle. NICHOLAS ISLAND, small island on the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 79 40 W. ; lat. 23 15 N. NICHOLASVILLE, t and cap. Jessamine oo. Ken. 20 m. SW. from Lexington, and 546 from W, Pop. 409, NICOLET, r. L, C, rises in Buckingham co. by two sources, which flow NW. between Becan9our and St. Francis rivers, unite about 60 m. and fall into the lower end of Lake St, Peter, 10 miles above Three Rivers. NIL-NOR 357 NILE, t. Scioto co. Ohio. NIMISHILLEN CREEK, considerable Btream, rising in the northern part of Stark co. Ohio, and running from thence a S. direc tion above 40 m. into the NE. quarter of Tus- carawas co. where it unites with Sandy creek, when the joint stream flows W. 5 m. into the E. side of Tuscarawas river. NIMISHILLEN, t. Stark co. Ohio, situated on the above described creek, north-easterly from Canton. Pop. 1,336. NIMMONS MILLS, v. Wayne co. Ohio, 92 m. NE. from Columbus. NINE BRIDGES, v. Queen Anne s co. Md. NINE PARTNERS, N. Y. a tract of land, granted to 9 partners, or proprietors, now com prised within the towns of Amenia, Clinton, Stanford, and Washington. NINEVEH, v. Frederick co. Va. NIPEGON LAKE, U.C. lies to the north ward of Lake Superior, about half-way between it and Albany river, James Bay. NIPISSING LAKE, lies NE. of Lake Hu- ron, and is connected with it by the river Francois. NITTANY, mt. Pa, which commences in Centre co. and extends between Ly com ing and Northumberland cos. almost to the W. branch of the Susquehannah. NIXON S, v. Maury co. Ten. 50 m. SE. from Murfreesborough. NIXONTON, t. Pasquotank co. N. C. on Little river, 28 m. ENE. from Edenton. NOBLE, NE. t. of Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 859. NOBLEBOROUGH, t. Lincoln co. Maine. Pop. 1,876. Situated on the E. side of Ken- nebeck river. NOBLESVILLE, v. Hamilton co. In. 25m. N. from Indianapolis. NODDLE S ISLAND, isl. Mass, in Boston harbor, f of a mile from Long Wharf, Boston. A strong fortress, called Fort Strong, is built on this island. NOLACHUCKY, r. Ten. and N. C. rises in the northern part of Buncombe co. of the latter, and flowing W. enters Carter co. in the for mer, and crossing Carter, Washington, and Greene, joins the French Broad r. 40 m. above its junction with the Holston at Knoxville. NOLIN S CREEK, r. Hardin co. Ken. which runs WSW. into Green river. NOMISNY BAY, bay in the river Potomac, on the coast of Virginia. Lon. 76 50 W. ; lat 38 11 N. NONESUCH, r. Me. which runs through Scarborough Into the sea. It received its name on account of its extraordinary freshets. NOQUET S BAY, bay in NW. Territory, on NW. coast of Lake Michigan. It is north of Green Bay; 45 m, long, and 18 wide. Lon. 86 20 W. ; lat. 45 25 N. NORFOLK, co. Mass, bounded NW. and W. by Middlesex co. E. by Boston harbor, S. by Plymouth and Bristol cos. and W. by Rhode Island and Worcester co. Pop. 41,993. Chief town, Dedham. NORFOLK, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 18 m. N. from Litchfield, 35 WNW. from Hartford, 42 ESE. from Hudson. Pop. 1,485. It contains various mills and manufacturing establish ments, among which are 2 forges and a wool len manufactory. NORFOLK, v. Litchfield co. Ct 35 m. NW. by W. of Hartford, and 20 m. N. of Litchfield. NORFOLK, co. SE. part of Va. bounded N. by Hampton Road and Chesapeake Bay, E. by Princess Anne co. S. by North Carolina, and W. by Nansemond co. Pop. 14,998, of whom 5,842 are slaves. Chief towns, Norfolk and Portsmouth. NORFOLK, bor. and port of entry Norfolk co. Va. on NE. bank of Elizabeth river, 8 m. above its entrance into Hampton Road, and 32 from the sea, 110 m. by water below City Point, 112 ESE. from Richmond. Lon. 76 42 W. ; lat. 37 12 N. Pop. 9,816. The Farmers Bank, the orphan asylum, and the Lancas- terian school, are among the most conspicuous buildings. The position of the town is not pleasant, being low, and in some places marshy; but it affords agreeable society, and the citi zens are distinguished for their hospitality. It has a spacious and commodious harbor, strong ly defended by 3 forts. It has more maritime commerce and shipping than any other town in the state. The handsome marine hospital is on Washington Point, one mile distant, and a short distance up the river is a large U. S. navy-yard. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a theatre, 2 insurance-offices, 3 banks, including a branch of the U. S. Bank, an academy, an orphan asylum, an athenaeum containing about 1,000 volumes, and 6 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Roman Catholics, and 1 for Methodists. NORFOLK, co. U. C. is bounded on the N. and E. by the co. of Lincoln and the river Thames, on the S. by Lake Erie until it meets the Orwell river, thence by a line running N. 16 W. until it intersects the river Thames, and thence up the said river until it meets the NW. boundary of the co. of York. It sends, in conjunction with the fourth riding of the co. of Lincoln, one representative to the provincial parliament. NORFOLK, v. St. Lawrence co. N.Y. 251 m. NNW. from Albany. NORMAN S KILL, or Creek, r. Albany co. N. Y. which falls into the Hudson, 2 m. S. of Albany. NORRIDGEWOCK, t. and cap. Somerset co. Me. on the Kennebeck, 94 m NNE from Portland, 205 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,710. It is finely situated on both sides of the river, is a very pleasant town, and contains a court house, a jail, a meeting-house, and has con siderable trade. Here is an elegant bridge across the river. NORRISTOWN, t and cap. Montgomery co. Pa. on the N. side of the Schuylkill, 17m. NW. from Philadelphia, 143 from W. Lon. 75 23 W.; lat 40 10 N. Pop. 1,826. It con- tains a court-house, a bank, and an academy, and 3 weekly newspapers are published here. NORTE, Del, or Rio Bravo del Norte, river, Mexico, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, 358 NOR NOR near the sources of the Arkansas, about 41 N. lat. runs SSE. and empties itself into the Gulf of Mexico, Ion. 96 40 W. ; lat. 26 N. Length, about 2,000 m. NORTH BEND, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. 16 m. below Cincinnati, and 520 from W. NORTH CAROLINA, one of the U. S. See page 100. NORTH CASTLE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 33 m. NE. from New York. Pop. 1,653. NORTH EAST, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 24 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 1,689. NORTH EAST, t. Cecil co. Md. NORTH EDISTO INLET, inlet, S. C. 11 m. SW. from Stone Inlet NORTH END, v. Matthews co. Va. NORTH HAVEN, t. New Haven co. Ct. 7 m. NNE. from New Haven. Pop. 1,282. NORTH HEMPSTEAD, t. and capital, Queens co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 9 m. E. from Jamaica, 22 E. from New York. Pop. 3,062. The township is indented by 3 large bays, and between two of them, on a headland, ca!led Cow Neck, there is a light-house, 10 m. N. from the C. H. NORTH HERO, t. and cap. Grand Isle co. Vt. on an island of the same name, in Lake Champlain, 32 m. N. from Burlington, and 545 from W. Pop. 638. NORTH ISLAND, isl. in the Atlantic, at the mouth of the Great Pedee River, near the coast of South Carolina. Lon. 79 3 W. ; lat. 33 20 N. NORTH MOUNTAIN, a ridge which ex- tends NE. through Franklin and Cumberland counties, Pa. NORTH MOUNTAIN CREEK, r. N. A. which runs into the Missouri, 239 m. below the Falls. NORTH POINT, cape, on N. side of the entrance of the Patapsco into Chesapeake Bay. NORTH RIVER, r. N. H. which joins the Lamprey r. in the N. part of Epping. NORTH RIVER, r. N. C. runs into Albe- marle Sound. Lon. 76 10 W. ; lat. 36 6 N. NORTH RIVER, r. Mass, which runs E. into the sea, S. of Scituate. NORTH RIVER. See Hudson River. NORTH RIVER, branch of Fluvanna river, in Virginia. NORTH YARMOUTH, t. Cumberland co. Me. on Casco Bay, 12 m. NNE. from Portland, 127 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,664. It is a large township, and contains 5 houses of pub lic worship, 3 for Congregation alists, 1 for Bap tists, and 1 for Methodists ; an academy, a so cial library, a paper-mill, and has some trade in the fisheries. NORTHAMPTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 767. NORTHAMPTON, t. and cap. Hampshire co. Mass, on W. bank of Connecticut river, op posite Hadley, with which it is connected by a bridge, 1,060 feet long; 18 m. N. from Spring field, 21 S. from Greenfield, 40 E. from Pitts- field, 42 N. from Hartford, 95 W. from Boston. Lat. 42 16 N. The compact part of the town is delightfully situated, and contains a very elegant brick court-house, a stone jail, and several houses for public worship. Pop, 3,613. It is 376 m. from W. NORTHAMPTON, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 18 m. NW. from Ballston-Spa, 50 NW. from Albany. Pop. 4,392, NORTHAMPTON, t. Burlington co. N. J. 7 m. SE. from Burlington. Mount Holly is within this township. NORTHAMPTON, co. E. side of Pa. bound- ed N. by Wayne co. E. by the Delaware, ESE. by Bucks co SW. by Berks co. and NW. by Luzerne co. It is watered by the Delaware and Lehigh. Pop. 39,267. Chief town, Easton. NORTHAMPTON, co.E. side of Va. bound ed N. by Accomack co. E. by the Atlantic, S. by the entrance into Chesapeake Bay, and W, by Chesapeake bay. Pop. 8,644. Chief town, Eastville. NORTHAMPTON, co. N. part of N. C Pop. 13,103. NORTHAMPTON, C.H. Northampton co. N.C. 80 m. SW. from Norfolk, Va. and about 90 NE. from Raleigh. Lat. 36 21 N. ; Ion. from W. 30 W. NORTHAMPTON, v. in the W. borders of Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. W. from Ravenna. Pop. 293. NORTH ATTLEBOROUGH, v. Bristol co. Mass. 29 m. SSW. from Boston, and 12 NNE. from Providence. NORTH BLENHEIM, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 55 m. SW. by W. from Albany, and about 45 SW. from Schenectady. NORTHBOROUGH, t. Worcester co. Mass. 11 m. from Worcester. Pop. 994. NORTH BROOKFIELD, t. Worcester co. Mass. Pop. 1,241. NORTH BRANCH, v. N. part of Somerset co. N. J. 46 m. from Trenton. NORTH BRIDGE, t. on Pawtucket river, in the S. part of Worcester co. Mass. 46 m, SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,053. NORTH BRIDGETOWN, v. in the NW. part of Cumberland co. Me. 43 m. NW. from Portland. NORTH CASTLE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. on the E. side of Hudson river, about 16 m. from King s-bridge. Pop. 1,653. NORTH EAST, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the E. side of Hudson river, about 90 m. N. of New York. Pop. 1,689. NORTH EAST, v. Erie co. Pa. in the NE. angle of the county, 15 m. NE. from the vil lage of Erie. NORTH EAST, v. Cecil co. Md. 46 m. NE. from Baltimore. NORTH EAST, r. Cecil co. Md. flows into the Chesapeake, 5 m. SE. Charlestown. NORTHFIELD, t. Washington co. Vt. 9 m. SSW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,412. Here is a woollen manufactory. NORTHFIELD, t Franklin co. Mass. E. of the Connecticut r. 8 m. NE. from Green field, 94 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,757. Here is a handsome village situated near the E. bank of the river. NOR OAK 359 NORTHFIELD, t. Richmond co. N.Y. on the NW. part of Staten Island, 5 m. W. from Southfield. Pop. 2,171. NORTHUMBERLAND, t. Coos co. N. H. on the Connecticut, 7 m. N. from Lancaster. Pop. 342. NORTHUMBERLAND, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 11 m. NE. from Balls- ton-Spa, 44 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,606. NORTHUMBERLAND, co. central part of Pa. bounded N. by Lycoming co. E. by Co lumbia, S. by Dauphin, and W. by the Sus- quehannah r. It is watered by both branches of the Susquehannah. Pop. 18,168. Chief town, Sunbury. NORTHUMBERLAND, t. Northumber land co. Pa. on a point of land in the forks of the Susquehannah, 2 m. N. from Sunbury, 124 NW. from Philadelphia. Pop. of the borough, 1,090. The town is regularly laid out, pleas ant, and flourishing, and contains an academy. Here is a covered bridge across the N. branch of the Susquehannah. NORTHUMBERLAND, co. Va. bounded NE. by the Potomac, E. by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by Lancaster and Richmond cos. and W. by Westmoreland co. ; 151 m. from W. Pop. 7,953. At the court-house there is a village of about 40 houses. NORTHWOOD, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 20 m. E. from Concord, 27 WNW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 1,342. Crystals, crystalline spars, and black lead, are found in this town. NORTON, t. Essex co. Vt. 75 m. NE. from Montpelier. NORTON, t. Bristol co. Mass. 8 m. NNW. from Taunton, 36 SSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,484. Here are manufactories of iron and cotton. NORTON, t. Delaware co. Ohio. 34 m. N. from Columbus. NORWALK, t. Fairfield co. Ct. near the mouth of a small river of the same name, on Long Island Sound, 31 m. WSW. from New Haven, 45 NE. from New York. Pop. 3,793. It is a pleasant town, and has an academy, iron works, and some trade to New York and the West Indies. NORWALK, t. and seat of justice, Huron co. Ohio, 14 m. from Lake Erie, and 100 NE. from Columbus. Lon. from W. 5 33 W. ; lat. 41 16 N. NORWALK ISLANDS, cluster of small islands in Long Island Sound, near the coast of Connecticut. Lon. 72 22 W. ; lat. 41 4 N. NORWAY, t. Oxford co. Me. 5 m. SW. of Paris, 152 NNE. of Boston. Pop. 1,712. NORWAY, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 20 m. N, of Herkimer, 90 NW. of Albany NORWICH, t. Windsor co. Vt. on the Con, necticut, opposite Hanover, 21 m. N. of Wind sor. Pop. 2,316. Here is an academy. NORWICH, t Hampshire co. Mass. 7 m. WSW. of Northampton, 150 W. of Boston. Pop. 787. NORWICH, city, New London co. Ct. on the Thames, at the head of navigation, 14 m. N. from New London, 38 SE. from Hartford, 45 WSW. from Providence, 362 from W. Lon. 72 29 W.; lat, 41 34 N. Pop. 5,169. It contains a court-house, a jail, 2 banks, and several houses of public worship. It compre hends three villages, the town, Chelsea Land ing, and Bean Hill. In the last there is an academy, and in the town is an endowed school. Norwich is a pleasant town, and considerable both for trade and manufactures. It is fa- vorably situated, at the head of navigation, and has an extensive back country. The falls of the river afford seats for various mills and manufacturing establishments. The courts for the county are held alternately at this city and New London. NORWICH, t. and cap. Chenango co. N.Y. on the Chenango, 8 m. N. from Oxford, 100 W. from Albany, 332 from W. It is a pleasant and flourishing village, containing a court house, jail, and bank. NORWICH, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the Scioto, above Montgomery. NOTAHACKY, or Notahucky, r. Ten. which rises in N. C. and joins the French Broad a little above Dandridge. NOTTAWAY, co. S. part of Va. bounded N. by Amelia co. E. by Dinwiddie co. S. by Lunenburg co. and W. by Prince Edward co. Pop. 10,141. NOTTAWAY, r. Va. which unites with the Meherrin in N. C. to form the Chowan. NOTTINGHAM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 24 m. NW. of Portsmouth. Pop. 1,157. NOTTINGHAM, West, v. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the E. side of Merrimack river, 45 m. N. by W. of Boston. NOTTINGHAM, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 3,900. NOTTINGHAM, East and West, the two SW. and contiguous towns, Chester co. Pa. They are situated on the E. side of Octararo creek, and join Maryland. NOTTINGHAM, t. Prince George co. Md. on the W. side of Patuxent river, 27 m. SE. from W. NOTTINGHAM, a hilly t. Harrison co. Ohio, 7 m. W. from Cadiz. This t. contains the village of Moorfield. Pop. 1,227. NOVA IBERIA, t. Attakapas co. La. on the Teche, about 10m. from St. Martinsville. NOVA SCOTIA. See page 167. NOWLAND S FERRY, v. Loudon co. Va. NOXONTON, v. Newcastle co. Del. 22 m. SSW. from Wilmington. NULHEGEN, r. Vt. which is formed in Averill, and flows into the Connecticut, between Minehead and Brunswick. NUNDA, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. on the Genesee, 14 m. N. from Angelica. Pop. 1,291 NUNICK MOUNTAINS, mountains of S. C. Lon. 83 W. ; lat. 35 N. O. OAK CREEK, r. Ohio, which nins into the Ohio, a few miles above Augusta, Ken. OAK GROVE, t. Lunenburg co. Va. OAK HILL, v. Greenville district, S. C. OAK HILL, v. Laurens district, S. C. OAK HILL, v. Greene co. N. Y. OAK HILL, t. Fauquier co. Va. 360 OAK OKI OAK HILL, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. OAK S CREEK, r. Otsego co. N. Y. which runs S. 10 miles, and unites with the Susque- hannah. OAK ISLAND, small isl. on the coast of N.C. at the mouth of Cape Fear river. OAKHAM, t. Worcester co. Mass. 15 m. WNW. from Worcester, 55 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,010. OAKINGHAM, v. Laurens district, S. C. 92 m. NW. from Columbia. OAKLAND, co. Michigan ter. on Huron of Lake St. Clair, lying NW. from Wayne, and W. from Macomb cos. and about 40 m. NW. from Detroit. OAKMULGEE, r. Geo. which joins the Oconee to form the Alatamaha. Lon. 83 W.; lat. 32 24 N. OAKS, v. Hanover co. Va. OAXACA, state of Mexico, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean S. Puebla W. and NW. Vera Cruz N. and NE. and Guatemala E. Length from E. to W. 240 m. mean width 180. Be- tween lat. 15 40 and 18 N. This state is one of the most delightful countries on this part of the globe. The beauty and salubrity of the climate, the fertility of the soil, and the richness and variety of its productions, all com bine to minister to the prosperity of its in habitants; and this province has, accordingly, from the remotest periods been the centre of an advanced civilization. OAXACA, city of Mexico, and capital of the state of the same name, stands on one of the confluents of the Chicometepec river, 240 in. SSE. from the city of Mexico. Lat. 16 55 N. It enjoys an atmosphere of peculiar serenity, but the country is subject to earth quakes. Pop. 25,200. OBED S RIVER, r. Ten. which rises in Overton co. and runs into the Cumberland, in Jackson co. a few miles below the Kentucky line OBIAN, r. Tennessee, which runs into the Mississippi. Lat. 35 48 N. OCATAHOOLA, r. Louisiana, which runs SSE. through the greatest part of its course, then turns to the E. passes through a lake of the same name, and joins the Ouachitta, at the junction of the Tensaw. OCCACHAPPO, r. Al. which runs N. into the Muscle Shoals. OCCONEACHEA ISLANDS, three small islands on the river Roanoke, belonging to Vir ginia. Lat. 36 35 N. OCCOHAPPY, or Bear Creek, r. Ten. which runs into the Tennessee river. OCCOQUAN, v. Prince William co. Va. 23 m. from W. OCCOQUAN CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac, 7 m. SW from Mount Ver- non. OCONEE, r. Geo. which rises in the Oconee mountains, flows by Milledgeville, and unites with the Oakmulgee, and forms the Alatamaha OCTARARO CREEK, r. Pa. which divides Lancaster and Chester cos. and runs into the Susquehannah, in Md. about 5 m. below Penn sylvania line. OCTARARO, t. Lancaster co. Pa, OGDENSBURG, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. at the confluence of the Oswegatchie with the St. Lawrence, 116 m.N. from Utica, 212 NW. from Albany. Here are numerous manufac tures, and the harbor is safe and spacious, and is a place of considerable trade. Pop. of the township, 3,934. OGEECHEE, r. Geo. which rises near the Apalachian mountains, flows SE. nearly par allel with the Alatamaha, into Ossabaw Sound, at Hardwick. Length 200 m. OGLETHORPE, co. NW. part of Georgia. Pop. 13,558, of whom 8,004 are colored. Chief town, Lexington. OHIO, r. U. S. formed by the union of the Alleghany and Monongahela, at Pittsburg, Pa. It separates Virginia and Kentucky on the S. from the states of Ohio and Indiana, and the Illinois territory on the N. and after a WSW. course of 949 m. joins the Mississippi, 193 m. below the Missouri, in Ion. 88 58 W. ; lat. 37 N. The Ohio, from its commencement, affords most delightful prospects. Rivers of romantic and beautiful character come in, al most at equal distances, as lateral canals. Its bottoms are of extraordinary depth and fer tility; generally high and dry, and for the most part healthy ; while the configuration of the country on the banks has all that grandeur, softness, or variety, still changing and recur ring in such combinations as are requisite to destroy a monotonous effect. For thirty miles below Pittsburg its course is NW. It then slowly turns to the WSW. and pursues that general direction 500 m. Thence SW. 170 in. Thence W.280 miles. Thence SW. 170 miles, through that low and swampy country, in which it finds the Mississippi. Between Pitts burg and the mouth, it is diversified with 100 considerable islands, besides a greater number of tow-heads and sand-bars, which in low stages of the water greatly impede navigation. Some of these islands are of exquisite beauty, and afford most lovely situations for retired farms. The passages between them, and the sand-bars at their head, are among the difficul ties of the navigation of this river. The Ohio at Pittsburg is 600 yards wide. At Cincin nati, which may be considered its mean width, it is not much more. Below the Cumberland, its average width is 1,000 yards. Its valley is deep, and heavily timbered, and has nowhere the slightest indication of prairie. It varies from 2 to 10 in. in width. It is bounded in its whole course by bluffs, sometimes towering sublimely from the shores of the river, and sometimes receding 2 or 3 miles. Beyond the immediate verge of the bottom is a singular line of hills, more or less precipitous, stretch ing from 5 to 10 m. from the banks. They are known on the Ohio by the familiar appel lation of the * Ohio hills. Different estimates have been made of the rapidity of its current. This rapidity being continually varying, it would be difficult to assign any very exact es timate. It is found, according to the different stages of the water, to vary between 1 and 3 miles. In the lowest stages of the water in the autumn, a floating substance would proba- OKI OKI 361 bly not advance a mile an hour. It is subject to extreme elevations and depressions. The average range between high and low water, is fifty feet. Its lowest stage is in September ; and its highest in March. But it is subject to sudden and very considerable rises through the year. It has been known to rise 12 feet in a night. When these sudden elevations take place, at the breaking up of the ice, a scene of desolation sometimes occurs ; and boats and every thing in its course are carried away by the accumulated power of the ice and the wa ter. Its average descent in a mile, is not far from six inches. At Cincinnati, the surface of the river at low water, is supposed to be 130 feet below the level of Lake Erie, and 430 above that of the tide-water of the Atlantic. Between Pittsburg and the mouth, it makes three and a half degrees of southing in lati tude. The average time of the suspension of its navigation by ice, is five weeks. One-half of the remainder of the year, on an average, it is navigable by large steam-boats in its whole course. The other half, it can be navigated easily only by steam-boats of a small draft of water. Since the Louisville and Portland canal has been completed, steam-boats of small draft can descend at all times from Pittsburg to the Mississippi. Flat and keel-boats descend the river at all seasons ; but in periods of low water, with frequent groundings on the sand bars, and the necessity of often unloading to get the boat off. It would be difficult to de cide when the Ohio has the most beautiful ap pearance in the spring, when it rolls along between full banks, or in the autumn, when between the ripples it is calm and still, with broad and clean sand-bars ; or in the ripples, where its transparent waters glide rapidly over the pebbly and shelly bottom, showing every thing, as through the transparency of air. The Ohio, and all its tributaries, cannot have less than 5,000 miles of boatable waters ; and ta king all circumstances into consideration, few rivers in the world can vie with it either in utility or beauty. The following table of distances is taken from Dr. Drake ; the distances are founded on the surveys made by the U. S. on the north bank : From Pittsburgh to miles, whole dist. Big Beaver river 30 30 Little Beaver river 13 43 Steubenville 26 69 Wheeling 26 95 Marietta 83 178 Great Kenhawa river 87 265 Big Sandy river 47 .312 Scioto river 40 352 Maysville 50 402 Little Miami river 56 458 Cincinnati 7 465 Great Miami river 20 485 Kentucky river 48 533 Louisville 54 587 Salt river 23.... ^..610 Anderson s river 98 708 Green river 52 760 Wabash river 61 821 2 V Shawneetown 10. .. Cave-in-rock 20. . . Cumberland river 40 ... Tennessee river 12. .. Fort Massac 8 . . . Mississippi 38. . . ....831 ....851 ....891 ....903 ....911 .,..949 WHOLE NUMBER OF STEAM-BOATS BUILT ON WESTERN WATERS. When Whole Now Lost or built. No. running. worn out. 1811 1 1 1814 4 4 1815 3 3 1816 2 2 1817 9 9 1818 23 23 1819 27 27 1820 7 1 6 1821 6 1 5 1822 7 7 1823 13 1 12 1824 13 1 12 1825 31 19 12 1826 52 36 16 1827 25 19 6 1828 31 28 3 1829 53 53 1830 30 30 1831 9 9 348 198 150 Of the boats now running, 68 were built at Cincinnati, 68 Pittsburg, 2 Louisville, 12 New Albany, 7 Marietta, 2 Zanesville, 1 Fredericksburg, 1 Westport, 1 Silver Creek, 1 Brush Creek, 2 Wheeling, 1 Nashville, 2 Frankfort, 1 Smithland, 1 Economy, 6 Brownsville, 3 Portsmouth, Steubenville, Beaver, St. Louis, New York, 2 1 3 1 10 "198 Philadelphia, Not known where. Of this whole number, 111 were built at Cincinnati, 68 of which were running in 1831. Of the 150 lost or worn out, there were 63 of the latter, 36 lost by snags, 14 burnt, 3 lost by collision, and 34 by other accidents not ascertained. Total 150. OHIO, one of the U. States. See p. 134. OHIO, co. NW. part of Va. bounded NW. and W. .by the Ohio, N. by Brooke co. and Pennsylvania, E. by Pennsylvania, SE. by Monongalia and Harrison cos. arid SW. ly 362 OHI OPE Wood co. Pop. 15,590. Chief town, Wheel- ing OHIO, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 2,681, OHIO, t Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 313. OHIO r co. Ken. bounded by Butler SE. Green river, or Muhlenburg S. and SW. Da- vies NW. Breckenridge N. and Grayson NE. Length 32 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Hartford. Pop. in 1820, 3,879 ; in 1830, 4,913. OHIOPYLE FALLS, cataract in the river Youghiogeny, 20 feet perpendicular, about 30 m. from its union with the Monongahela. OHOOPEE, r. of Geo. which runs into the Alatamaha, Ion. 82 10 W.; lat. 3P 31 N. OIL CREEK, t. Crawford co. Pa. OIL CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Alleghany, 6 m. E. from Franklin. See Franklin. OIL SPRING, v. Cataraugus co. N. Y. OKEFONOCO. See Ouaquaphenogaw. OKETIBBEHA, r. Al. which joins the Tombigbee, at the dividing line of the Chicka- saws and Choctaws. OK-LOCK-ONE, r. U. S. rises in Geo. and flowing SSW. falls into Ok-lock-one Bay, 40 m. E. from the mouth of the Apalachicola river. OK-LOCK-ONE BAY, is the extreme in land extension of the Apalache Bay, and re ceives the Ok-lock-one and St. Mark s rivers. Lat. 30 8 N. OLD BRIDGE, v. Middlesex co. N. J. OLDTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Geo. on the Ogeechee, 12 m. SE. from Louisville. OLDTOWN, or Skipton, t. Alleghany co. Md. on N. branch of the Potomac, 142 m. W. from Baltimore. OLDTOWN, t. Alleghany co. Md. on the N. side of Potomac river, near the mouth of the SW. branch, 14 m. SE. of Cumberland, and 134 NW. of W. OLDTOWN, v. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. NW. from Chillicothe, and 54 a little S. of E. from Columbus. Pop. 248. OLDTOWN CREEK, r. N. C. which runs into Cape Fear river, Ion. 78 9 W. ; lat. 34 8 N. OLEAN, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. on the Alleghany, 173 m. NNE. from Pittsburg. Pop. 561. OLEAN, or Oil Creek, r. Cataraugus co. N. Y. which runs into the Alleghany, 25 m. OLIVERIAN, r. N. H. which runs into the Connecticut, in Haverhill. OLYMPIAN SPRINGS, v. Bath co. Ken. OMPOMPONOOSUC, r. Vt. which runs into the Connecticut, 3 m. N. from Dartmouth College. ONEIDA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lewis co. E. by Herkimer co. SW. by Madison co. and W. by Oswego co. Pop. 71,326. Chief towns, Whitesborough, Utica, and Rome. ONEIDA, lake, chiefly in Oneida co. N. Y. 20 m. long, and 4 broad. It receives Wood creek on the E. end, and communicates with Lake Ontario by the Oswego. It is a beauti ful lake, abounding in fish. ONEIDA CASTLE, v. Oneida co. N. Y. ONEIDA CREEK, r. N. Y. which run* N. into E. end of Oneida Lake. Length 25 m. ONE LEG, an eastern t. of Tuscarawas co. Ohio. ONION RIVER, r. Vt. which runs W. into Lake Champlain, 4 m. NW. from Burlington village. It is one of the principal rivers of Vermont. Between Colchester and Burling ton it has worn through a solid rock of lime stone, forming a chasm of 70 or 80 feet deep, and at Bolton there is another similar chasm Length 70 m. ONONDAGA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Oswego co. E. by Madison co. S. by Cort- landt co. and W. by Cayuga co. Pop. 58,974. Chief town, Syracuse. ONONDAGA, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 50 m. W. from Utica, 145 W. from Albany. It is a large and flourishing town, and has two vil lages, Onondaga-Hollow and West Hill. The latter is 2 m. W. of the former, and contains several churches and a printing-office. ONONDAGA, or Salt Lake, lake in Onon daga co. N. Y. 7 m. N. from Onondaga. It is 7 m. long, and 2 broad. It discharges its waters from N. end into Seneca river. On its borders are celebrated salt-springs. ONONDAGA-HOLLOW, v. Onondaga co, N. Y. 6 m. S. from Salina. It contains a state-arsenal, an academy, a meeting-house, a printing-office, and considerable manufactures. ONSLOW, co. SE. part of N. C. on the coast. Pop. 7,814. ONTARIO, lake, N, A. between New York and Upper Canada, Lat. 43 15 to 44 N. It is 190 m. long, and 55, where widest, broad; about 600 m. in circumference. It discharges its waters through the St. Lawrence into the Atlantic, from NE. end, and communicates with Lake Erie at SW. part, by the river Ni agara. It is a very deep lake, with sufficient water in every part, but has few good harbors- It furnishes a variety of excellent fish. ONTARIO, co. in U. C. consists of the fol lowing islands ; Amherst Island, Wolfe Island, Gage Island, and all the islands between the mouth of the Gananoqui, to the easternmost extremity of Point Pleasant. ONTARIO, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Mon roe and Wayne cos. E. by Seneca, S. by Steu- ben and Yates, and W. by Livingston. Pop. 40,167. Chief towns, Canandaigua and Geneva. ONTARIO, t. Wayne co. N. Y. on S. side of Lake Ontario, 20 m. W. from Canandaigua, Pop. 1,587. OOLENOY MOUNTAIN, S.C. m the vi. cinity of Table Mountain. It is remarkable for a cataract, the descent of which is from 600 to 700 feet. OOSTANAULEE, r. Geo. in the country of the Cherokees. It flows SW. and unites with the Etowee to form the Coosa. OOTAGAMIS, Upper, t. NW. Territory, on the river Ouisconsin, about 40 m. from the Mis sissippi. Lat, 42 42 N. OOTAGAMIS, Lower, t. NW. Territory, at the conflux of the Ouisconsin and Mississippi. OPELOUSAS, t and cap. of St. Landry dis trict, La. about 60 m. W. from Baton Rouge, OPI OSW 363 Lat 30 32 N. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and a Roman Catholic church. OPICKON, r. Berkeley co. Va. which runs into the Potomac, E. of Bath. OPPENHEIM, t. Montgomery co. N.Y. on N. side of the Mohawk, 15 m. W. from Johns town, 56 WNW. from Albany. Pop. 3,650. OQUAGO, v. Broome co. N. Y. on the Sus- quehanna, 16 m. E. from Chenan go-Point. ORAN, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. ORANGE, co. E. side of Vt. bounded N. by Caledonia and Washington cos. E. by Connec ticut river, S. by Windsor co. W. by Addison co. and NW. by Washington co. Pop. 27,285. Chief towns, Chelsea, Newbury, and Randolph. ORANGE, t. Orange co. Vt. 13 m. SE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,016. ORANGE, t. Grafton co. N. H. 14 m, SW. from Plymouth, and 40 NNW. from Concord. Pop. 405. ORANGE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 14 m. E. from Greenfield, and 75 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 880. ORANGE, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Sulli van and Ulster cos E. by the Hudson, SE. by Rockland co. SW. by New Jersey and Penn sylvania. Pop. in 1820, 41,213 ; in 1830, 45,372. Chief towns, Newburgh and Goshen. ORANGE, t. Essex co. N. J. 4 m. W. from Newark. Pop. 3,887. It adjoins to Newark, on the W. Here is an academy. The excel lent cider, known by the name of Newark ci der, is chiefly made in this township. ORANGE, co. In. bounded by Crawford S. Dubois SW. Owen W. Lawrence N. and Wash ington E. Length 22 m. mean width 18. Pop. In 1820, 5,368 ; in 1830, 7,909. Chief town, Paoli. ORANGE, co. central part of Va. bounded N. by Madison and Culpeper cos. SE. by Spott- sylvania co. S. by Louisa and Albemarle cos. and WNW. by Rockingham. Pop. 14,637, of whom 7,983 are slaves. Chief town, Orange. ORANGE, co. N. part of N.C. Pop. 23,875. Chief town, Hillsborough. ORANGE, t. Delaware co. Ohio, watered by Alum Creek. Pop. 369. ORANGE, t. Grafton co. N. H. Pop. 405. ORANGEBURG, district, central part of S.C. Pop. 18,455. ORANGEBURG, t. and cap. Orangeburg district, S. C. on N. branch of the Edisto, 40 m. SSW. from Columbia, and 77 NNW. from Charleston. It contains a court-house, a jail, about 20 houses, and an academy. ORANGE SPRINGS, or Gum Springs, v. Orange co. Va. ORANGETOWN, t. Rockland co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, 28 m. N. from New York. Pop. 1,947. This town lies on the S. part of Tappan Bay, an expansion of the Hud son. Major Andre was hanged here as a spy. ORANGEVILLE, t. between Sheldon and Warsaw, Genesee co. N.Y. on the head of Tonnewanto creek, 20 m. S. from Batavia. Pop. 1,525. ORANGEVILLE, v. Columbia co. Pa. ORFORD, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Con necticut, opposite Fairlee, with which it is con nected by a bridge, 10 m. S. from Haverhill, 64 NNW. from Concord. Pop. 1,829. Here is a pleasant village, and the town contains a valuable quarry of soapstone. ORFORD, v. Hartford co. Ct. ORLAND, t. Hancock co. Me. on E. side of the Penobscot, opposite Prospect, 14 m. N. from Castine, 238 NE. from Boston. Pop. 975. ORLEAN, v. Fauquier co. Va. ORLEANS, co. N. part of Vt. bounded N. by Canada, E. by Essex co. SE. by Caledonia co. S. by Washington co and W. by Franklin co. Pop. in 1820, 6,976; in 1830, 13,980, Chief towns, Irasburg, Craftsbury, and Brown- ington. ORLEANS, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 20 m. E. from Barnstable, and 85 SE. from Boston. Pop. 1,799. ORONO, t. Penobscot co. Me. on W. side of the Penobscot above Bangor, 43 m. N. from Castine, 246 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,473. ORPHAN ISLAND, isl.Me.near the mouth of the Penobscot, between Prospect and Or- land, containing about 10,000 acres. ORRESKANNY, v. Oneida co. N. Y. ORRINGTON, t. Penobscot co. Me. on E. side of the Penobscot, opposite Hampden, 33 m. N. from Castine. Pop. 1,234. ORRSVILLE, v. Pendleton district, S. C. ORVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. ORWELL, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 106. ORWELL, t. Rutland co. Vt. on Lake Cham- plain, 58 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,598. ORWELL, t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 501. ORWELL, v. Bradford co. Pa. ORWICKSBURG, t. bor. and seat of justice, Schuylkill co. Pa. It stands on a rising ground, 7 m. above the Schuylkill Water-gap, and 10 E from the coal-mines near Mount Carbon, 26 m. NW. from Reading. It contains a court-house and jail, a number of stores, and an academy. OSAGE, r. La. which joins the Missouri, 133 rn. from the Mississippi. It is a very crooked river, and is navigable for boats about 600 miles. OSNABURG, v. and t. Stark co. Ohio, 5 m. E. from Canton, on the road leading to New Lisbon. Pop. 1,620. OSSIAN, t. Alleghany co. N.Y. Pop. 812. OSSIPEE, t. Strafford co. N. H. 55 m. NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,935. OSSIPEE, lake, N. H. chiefly in NE. part of the township of Ossipee, about 1,000 rods long from N. to S. and 600 broad. OSSIPEE, r. which flows from Ossipee Lake into the Saco, N. of Cornish, in Maine, 15 m. E. from Lake Ossipee. OSSIPEE, Little, r. Me. which runs into the Saco, 12 m. below Great Ossipee. OSWEGATCHIE, t. St. Lawrence co. on the St. Lawrence, at N. end of Black Lake ; 116 m. N. from Utica, 212 NW. from Albany. Pop. 3,934. It contains the village of Ogdens- burg. OSWEGATCHIE, r. St. Lawrence co. f N. Y. which runs into the St. Lawrence at Ogdensburg. Length 120 miles. OSWEGO, r. N. Y. which runs from Onei da Lake into Lake Ontario. After a very 364 OSW OWL crooked course of 18 m. it meets Seneca river at Three River Point, whence to its mouth it is 24 miles. The principal fall is in Volney, 12 m. from Oswego. Its navigation is im proved by locks and canals. OSWEGO, co. N. Y. bounded NW. by Lake Ontario, N. by Jefferson co. E. by Lewis and Oneida cos. S. by Oneida Lake, Onondaga and Cayuga cos. and W. by Cayuga. Pop. 27,104. Chief towns, Oswego and Richland. OSWEGO, v. Oswego co. N. Y. at the mouth of the Oswego ; 114 m. W. from Utica, 379 from W. Lat. 43 28 N. Pop. 2,703. This is a flourishing, commercial village. Great quantities of salt are brought here from the salt-works at Liverpool and Salina, and ex ported. It is well situated for manufacturing, the Oswego river forming convenient water- power, conducted to this place from the falls in a canal. It has some shipping. OSWEGO FALLS, v. Oneida co. N. Y. OTEGO, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 20 m. SW. of Cooperstown. Pop. 1,148. . OTEGO CREEK, r. Otsego co. N. Y. which runs into the Susquehannah, in the township of Otego. Length 28 miles. OTIS, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 28 m. SE. of Lenox, 34 W. of Springfield, 116 W. of Boston. Pop. 1,014. OTISCO, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 7 m. S. of Onondaga, 50 W. of Utica. Pop. 1,938. OTISCO CREEK, r. in Onondaga co. N.Y. which runs into Onondaga Lake. OTSEGO, co. central part of N. Y. bounded N. by Herkimer and Montgomery cos. E. by Schoharie co. S. by Delaware co. and W. by Chenango and Madison cos. Pop. in 1820, 44,856 ; in 1830, 51,372. Chief town, Coopers- town. OTSEGO, t. and cap. Otsego co. N. Y. 66 m. W. of Albany, Pop. 4,363, including Coop erstown. See Cooperstown. OTSEGO, lake, in Otsego co. N. Y. 66 m, W. from Albany ; 9 m. long, and 3 broad. OTSELIC, t. Chenango co. N.Y. Pop, 1,238. OTSQUAGA CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs into the Mohawk, E. of Minden. Length 25m OTTAWA, large river of British America rises N. from Lake Huron, and flowing SE. falls into the St. Lawrence, 25 m. NW. from Montreal. It forms part of the boundary be tween Upper and Lower Canada. Its volume of water is very great, for its length of course. Though much obstructed by rapids, it is one of the channels of inland trade from Montreal to the NW. OTTER BRIDGE, v. Bedford co. Pa. OTTER CREEK, r. Vt which rises near Dorset, and running W. of N, flows into Lake Champlain, at Basin Harbor, in Ferrjsburg It is navigable for sloops to Vergennes, 6 m Length 85 miles. OTTER CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio. OTTER CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Staunton. OTTSVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa. OUISCONSIN, r. of the U. S. in the NW Territory, rises at lat. 46 N. and between Ion, 2 and 13 W. from W. interlocking with the VEenomonie of Green Bay, and with the south- rn rivers of Lake Superior. It thence flows S. to about lat. 43 45 , where it approaches so cry near Fox river of Green Bay, as to leave only a portage of one mile and a half. Below he portage the Ouisconsin turns to SW. by W. and falls into Mississippi, about 5 m. below Prairie du Chien, at lat. 43 N. This stream forms one of the great natural channels of communication between the St. Lawrence and Mississippi basins. Though generally rapid n its current, it is unimpeded by cataracts, or even dangerous choals. The entire length by comparative courses is 350 miles, nearly one half of which distance is below the portage. OUIATAN, or Ouatinon, v. and fort, In. on the Wabash, about 400 m. above its mouth ; 130 m. S. from Fort St. Joseph. Lat. 40 30 N. The Wabash is navigable to this place with keel-boats. OVERTON, co. Ten. bounded by Cumber- land co. in Ken. N. Morgan co. Ten. E. Bled- soe S. White SW. and Jackson W. Length 40 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Monroe. Pop. in 1820, 7,128; in 1830, 7,188. OVERTON, t. Perry co. Ten. 153 m. W. from Murfreesborough. OVID, t. and cap. Seneca co. N. Y. 20 m. S. by E. from Geneva, 41 N. from Elvira, 205 W. from Albany, 317 from W. Pop. 2,756. It is situated between Seneca and Cayuga lakes, and is a large and excellent agricultural town. It contains the county buildings, a printing- office, and 4 houses of public worship. OWASCO, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 3 m. SE. of Auburn, 160 W. of Albany. Pop. 1,350. OWASCO, lake, in Cayuga co. N Y. 11 m. long, and 1 broad. Owasco creek runs from this lake and joins the Seneca. Length 15m. OWEGO, v. in Tioga, Broome co. N. Y. on the Susquehannah, near the mouth of Owego creek, 10 m. S. from Spencer, 170 SW. from Albany. It is a considerable and flourishing village, and has a printing-office. OWEGO CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs into the Susquehannah, near the village of Owego; 25 miles long. OWEN, co. Ken. bounded by Kentucky r. W. Gallatin NW. Garrat N. Harrison E. and Scott and Franklin S. Length 20 m. mean width 12. Chief town, Owentown. Pop. in 1820, 2,031 ; in 1830, 5,793. OWEN, co. In. bounded by Dubois S. Da- vies W. Martin N. and Lawrence and Orange E. length 24 m. width 18 Chief town, Green- wich. Pop. in 1820, 838 ; in 1830, 4,060. OWENTON, t, and seat of justice, Owen co. Ken. on a branch of Eagle creek, 20 m. NNE. of Frankfort. Lat. 38 31 N. Pop. 143. OWENVILLE, v. Gibson co. In. 190 m. SW. from Indianapolis. OWINGSVILLE, v. Bath co. Ken. 70 m. E. from Frankfort. Pop. 241. OWENBOROUGH, v. Davies co. Ken. Pop. 229. OWL CREEK, r. Ohio, which joins the Mohiccon, on the borders of Coshocton co. OWL PAL 3G5 OWL S HEAD, cape of Me. on W. side of the entrance of Penobscot Bay, on E. side of Thorn astown. OXBOW, Great, remarkable bend of the river Connecticut, in the township of Newbury, Vt. containing 450 acres of the finest meadow land. OXFORD, co. W. part of Me. bounded E. by Somerset and Kennebeck cos. S. by Cum- berland and Oxford cos. and W. and NW. by N. H. Pop. in 1820, 27,104; in 1830, 35,217. Chief town, Paris. OXFORD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 11 m. S. from Worcester, 50 SW. from Boston. Pop. 2,034. OXFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct 16 m. NW. from New Haven. Pop. 1,762. OXFORD, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 8 m. S. from Norwich, 110 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,947. It has an academy, and a considerable village. A weekly newspaper is published here. OXFORD, t. Warren co. N. J. on E. side of the Delaware, 17m. NNE. from Easton. Pop. 3,665. OXFORD FURNACE, v. Sussex co. N. J. OXFORD, t. Chester co. Pa. OXFORD, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on the Delaware, 8 m. NE. from Philadelphia. OXFORD, t. Adams co. Pa. OXFORD, t. and port of entry, Talbot co. M d. on the Treadhaven, 8 m. above its mouth, 13 SSW. from Easton, 48 SE. from Baltimore. It is a place of considerable trade. OXFORD, t. Caroline co. Veu OXFORD, t. Granville co. N. C. 30 m. N. by W. from Raleigh. Here are a church and 2 academies. OXFORD, t. Butler co. Ohio, 35 m. NW. from Cincinnati, 110 S W. from Columbus. The land of this township belongs to the Miami University. Pop. 2,928. OXFORD, t, Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 218. OXFORD, t Guernsey co. Ohio, 4 m. E. of Cambridge. Pop. 1,798. OXFORD, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 741. OXFORD, t. Delaware co. Ohio. OXFORD, t Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 468. OXFORD, Upper, i. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,433. OYSTER BAY, t. Queen s co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 25 m. E. from New York. Pop. 5,193. Here is an academy, and several houses of public worship. OYSTER BAY, South, v. Queen s co. N.Y. OYSTER RIVER, r. N. H. which rises in Lee, and flows through Durham into Great Bay. OZAMA, r. Hispaniola, which runs into the sea below the town of St. Domingo. OZAN, t. Hempstead co. Arkansas. OZARK MOUNTAINS, U. S. an elevated and mountainous tract, commencing near the confluence of the rivers Missouri and Missis sippi, and extending in a SW. direction across Arkansas territory into the province of Texas. It attains its greatest elevation in the NE. diminishing in height and increasing in breadth as you advance to the SW. It is traversed by A ,he Arkansas and Red rivers ; its western base s washed by the Illinois and the Osage, and >n the E. it gives rise to the St. Francis, White river, and the Wachitta. P. PACHUCA, t. Mexico, famous for its silver mines. Some authors say, that in the space of six leagues, there are not less than a thou sand. One of which, called Trinity, is sup posed to be as rich as any in the Spanish do minions, forty millions of silver having been taken from it in 10 years. It is 45 in. NNE. rom Mexico. PACOLET, r. which rises in N. C. and unites with Broad river, at Pinckneyville, in S. C. Pacolet Springs are upon it, 17 m above Pinckneyville. PAGAN CREEK, r. Va. which runs into James river. PAGE, Le, r. N. America, which runs NW. nto the Columbia, above the Falls. PAGESVILLE, v. Newberry district, S. C. 58 m. NW. from Columbia. PAINESVILLE, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on rand river, near its mouth, about 30 m. E. from Cleveland. It is a very flourishing town, the largest in the county, and has considera ble trade. Pop. 1,499. PAINESVILLE, t. Amelia co. Va. PAINT, t Highland co. Ohio, Pop. 2,162. PAINT, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 963. PAINT CREEK, r. Ohio. It is a western branch of the Scioto, which it joins 5 m. below ~hillicothe. PAINT CREEK, v. Floyd co. Ken. 221 m. SSE. from Frankfort. PAINTED-POST, t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the Tioga, 20 m. SE. from Bath, 234 WSW. from Albany. Pop. 974. It takes its name from a painted post near the Coshocton, sup posed to be an Indian monument of great antiquity. PAINTER CREEK, western brook of Still- water rivulet, emptying into said rivulet in Miami co. Ohio. It rises in Darke co. PAINTLICK CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the river Kentucky. PAINTVILLE, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 15 m. SE. from Wooster. PALATINE, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on N. side of the Mohawk, 10 m. W. from Johnstown, 51 WNW. from Albany. Pop. 2,745. PALATINE BRIDGE, v. Montgomery co. N.Y. PALESTINE, t. Lawrence co. In. PALESTINE, v. Crawford co. II. 80 m. eastward from Vandalia. PALMER, t. Hampden co. Mass. 16 m. E. Springfield, 71 WSW. from Boston Pop. 1,237. PALMERSTOWN, v. Saratoga co. N.Y. 46 m. from Albany. PALMYRA, t. Somerset co. Me. 28 m. E. from Norridgewock, 215 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 912, 366 PAL PAR PALMYRA, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 128 m. W. fromW. PALMYRA, t. Wayne co. Pa. PALMYRA, t. Portage co. Ohio, 8 m. ESE. from Ravenna. Pop. 839. PALMYRA, t. Martin co. N.C. PALMYRA, t. Montgomery co. Tennessee, on the Cumberland, 15 m. below Clarkesville, 65 NW. from Nashville. PALMYRA, v. Wayne co. N. Y. near Mud creek, and on the Erie canal, 12 m. nearly N. from Canandaigua. Pop. 3,427. PALMYRA, t. Pike co. Pa. 6 m. SE. from Bethany. PALMYRA, v. Lebanon co. Pa. 15 m. E. from Harrisburg. PALMYRA, t. Halifax co. N. C. PALMYRA, v. at Palmyra Bend, Warren co. Mis. 25 m. below Walnut Hill. PALMYRA, t. and cap. Edwards co. II. on the Great Wabash, 20 m. below Vincennes, 40 NE. from Carmi. It is situated in a fine country PALMYRA, t. Mississippi, at Palmyra- Bend, about 25 m. below Walnut Hills. PALMYRA, t. Edwards co. II. on the Wa bash, 40 m. by water below Vincennes. PALMYRA, v. Pike co. Missouri, 192 m. NW. from St. Louis. PALOURDE, Grassy, Jean, and Verret form a chain of small lakes between Teche and the Fourche river, La. It is through this chain of lakes that a ferry has been established from the mouth of Teche to the Fourche and Mississippi rivers. The intermediate ground is so low and marshy, as to render the forma tion of a road at any season impracticable. A small canal and creek unite -the Fourche, 16 m. from its efflux from the Mississippi, with Lake Verret, from which the lakes mentioned in this article, and their connecting channels, complete the communication between the east ern and western part of the state. PAMELIA, t. Jefferson co. N.Y. Pop, 2,263. PAMLICO SOUND, a large bay on the coast of N. Carolina, 86 m. long, and from 1C to 20 broad. It is separated from the sea by a sandy beach hardly a mile wide, which is covered with bushes. It communicates with Albemarle Sound. Ocrecock is its principa outlet. PAMUNKY, r. Va. formed by the N. and S. Anna. It runs SE. and unites with the Mattapony to form York river. PANAMA, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. PANSE, r. In. which flows NW. into the Wabash, a little above the junction of the Tip- pecanoe. PANTJCO, river of Mexico, rises near San Luis Potosi, and flowing E. over the state of San Luis Potosi, falls into the Moctezuema. PANUCO, city of Mexico, in the state of Vera Cruz, on the river Panuco, near the Gulf of Mexico, and 170 m. N. by E. of the city of Mexico. Lon. 21 30 W.; lat. 23 13 N from W. PANTHER CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Green river. P ANTON, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lak Dhamplain, 33 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 505. PAOLI, t. and cap. Orange co. In. 27 N. from Levenworthville, 40 E. from Vincennes. PAOLI, v. Orange co. N. Y. PAOLI, v. Orange co. In. PAPANTLA, t. of Mexico, in the state of Puebla, about 130 m. NE. from the city of Mexico. Lon. 20 40 W.; lat. 20 30 N. from W. This place is very remarkable for the magnitude and extent of antiquities found within its vicinity. PAPASQUIARO, v. of Mexico, in the SW. part of the state of Durango. Lat. 24 58 N. It is about 70 m. NW. by W. from Durango. PAPERVILLE, v. Sullivan co. Ten. 278 m. NE. by E. from Murfreesborough. PARADISE, v. Lancaster co. Pa. PARADISE, t. York co. Pa. PARIS, t. and cap. Oxford co. Me. 48 in. NNW. from Portland, 160 NNE.from Boston. Pop. 2,307. It contains a court-house, a jail, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congregation- alists, and 1 for Baptists. PARIS, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 8 m. SW. from Utica, 101 N. of W. from Albany. Pop. 2,765. This is a large and valuable township, and is the most populous in the county, and, next to Whitestown, the most wealthy. It contains 7 houses of public worship, 3 for Congrega tional ists, 2 for Methodists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists ; several flourishing villages, and considerable manufactures. PARIS, t. Fauquier co. Va. PARIS, central t. of Union co. Ohio. Pop 436. PARIS, small village, Preble co. Ohio. PARIS, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 250. PARIS, eastern t. of Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,513. PARIS, v. Jefferson co. In. about 60 m. W. from Cincinnati. PARIS, or Bourbonton, t. and cap. Bourbon co. Ken. near the junction of the Houston and Stoner creeks, 13 m. ENE. from Lexington, 80 S. from Cincinnati. It is a pleasant town, situated in a fertile country, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, a Pres byterian and a Methodist meeting-house, and several cotton and woollen manufactories. A great part of the buildings are of brick. The surrounding country is pleasant and fertile. Pop. 1,219. PARIS, v. and seat of justice, Henry co. Ten. on the dividing ground between the sources of Obiou and Sandy rivers, about 100 m. a little N. of W. from Nashville. PARIS FURNACE, v. Oneida co. N. Y. PARISHVILLE, v. of St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 35 m. SE. by E. from Ogdensburg. PARKE, co. In. on both sides of Wabash river, bounded E. by Putnam, and S. by Vigo. Length and breadth 24 m. each. This co. lies about 60 m. W. from Indianapolis. PARKER, r. Mass, which falls into the sound opposite Plum Island, NE. of Rowley. PARKER S CREEK, r. Md. which runs into the Chesapeake, PAR PAT 367 PARKER S ISLAND, isl. at the mouth of the Kennebeck, forming a part of the town- ship of Georgetown. PARKER S ISLAND, isl. in the Chesa peake, near the coast of Maryland, 15 m. S. from Annapolis. Lon. 76 41 W. ; lat. 38 53 N. PARKERSBURG, t. and cap. Wood co. Va. PARKERSTOWN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 32 m. WNW. from Windsor. PARKINSON S FERRY, v. Washington co. Pa. PARKMAN, t. Somerset co. Me. 38 m. NE. from Norridgewock. Pop. 803. PARKMAN, t. Geauga co. Ohio. PARSIPPANY, v. Morris co. N. J. 25 m. NW. from Newark. PARSON S, t. Essex co. Mass. PARSONSFIELD, t. York co. Me. 50 m. NNW. from York co. Me. 118 m. NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,465. PARSON S ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of Maine. Lon. 67 25 W ; lat. 44 36 N. PASCAGOULA, t. Miss. PASCAGOULA, r. Miss, which runs S. into the gulf of Mexico, 38 m. W. from Mobile Bay. It is navigable for vessels drawing 6 feet of water about 50 m. Length about 300 m. PASCAT AQUAS, r. Me. runs E. into the Penobscot, 9 m. above the Passadunky. PASCUARO, city of Mexico, in the state of Michoacan, on Lake Pascuaro. It is ele vated 7,217 feet above the level of the Pacific Ocean, 135 m. W. from Mexico. PASO, del Norte, town of Mexico, in New Mexico, on the Rio Grande del Norte. Lon. from W. 26 3 W. ; lat. 30 40 N. PASQUIARO, town of Mexico, in Durango, near the Rio Nasos. PASQUOTANK, r. N. C. which rises in Dismal Swamp, and runs into Albemarle Sound. It is connected with Elizabeth river by a canal, which forms a communication be- tween James river and Albemarle Sound. PASQUOTANK, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. 8,616. Chief town, Elizabeth city PASSADUNKY, or Passadumkeag, r. Me. which runs SE. and joins the Penobscot, 19 m. above Bangor. PASSAIC FALLS. PASSAIC,,r. N. J. which flows S. into New- ark Bay. It is navigable 10 m. for small ves sels. At Patterson, which is situated on this stream, are the Passaic Falls : here the river has a fall of 72 feet perpendicular, presenting a scene of singular beauty and grandeur. It is rauch visited as an interesting natural curiosity. PASSAMAQUODDY, bay, which forms a part of the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick. It is about 6 m. m extent from N. to S. and 12 from E. to W. PATAPSCO, r. Md. rises in the NW. cor ner of Baltimore co. runs SE. and empties into the Chesapeake Bay, between North Point and Bodkin Point It is navigable to Baltimore city, which is situated on it, 14 m. from its mouth, for vessels of the largest class. PATCHOGNE, t on the S. side of Long Island, Suffolk co. N. Y. 50 m. E. from the city of N. Y, PATCHOGUE, v. in Brookhaven, N. Y. PATESVILLE, v. Breckenridge co. Ken. PATIENCE, isl. in Narraganset Bay, R. I. NW. of Prudence Island, 2 miles long and 1 broad. PATOKA, r. U. S. in In. rising in Orange and Crawford cos. and flowing thence in a western direction, about 80 m. over Dubois, Pike, and Gibson cos. empties into the Wabash, 3 m. below the mouth of White river. PATRICK, co, S. side of Va. bounded N. by Franklin co. E. by Henry co. S. by N. C. and NW. by Grayson and Montgomery cos. Pop. 7,393. PATRICKSVILLE, v. Guilford co. N. C. PATRICKSVILLE, v. Craven co. N. C. near Newbern. PATRICKTOWN, t. Lincoln co. Me. Pop. 382. PATRICK, C. H. Patrick co. Va. 45 m. SE. by E. from Evansville, and 270 SW. by W. from Richmond. PATRICK S SALT WORKS, Perry co. Ken. 87 m. SE. from Frankfort. PATTEN S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs nto the Ohio. Lon. 85 50 W.; lat. 38 22 N. PATTERSON, t. Essex co. N. J. on the Passaic, 15 m. N. from Newark, 97 in. NNE. rom Philadelphia, Patterson is one of the 368 PAT PEE largest and most flourishing manufacturing villages W. of Massachusetts. It is situated just below the romantic falls of the Passaic, which supplies water-power to any extent. The numerous establishments have recently created a very considerable town. It contains 17 cotton factories, a clock factory, an iron fac tory, manufacturing 900,000 Ibs. iron, and 850,000 Ibs. nails. The cotton factories annu ally manufacture 2,000,000 Ibs. The flax fac tory 600,000 Ibs. of flax. There is one machine shop employing 150 hands. Connected with it is an iron and brass foundery, working an nually 600,000 Ibs of iron, and 16,500 of brass. It contains 5 or 6 houses of public worship. PATTERSON, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 23 m. SE. from Poughkeepsie, 107 SSE. from Al bany. Pop. 1,536. PATTISON S CREEK, r. Va. runs into the Potomac. Lon. 78 46 W. ; lat. 39 32 N. PATTONSBURG, v. Botetourt co. Va. PATUCKET FALLS, on the Merrimack, between Chelmsfbrd and Dracut, a little above the mouth of Concord river, li m. below the head of Middlesex canal, 10 m. W. from An- dover. The perpendicular descent is 28 feet. A canal 1 m. long is constructed around the falls, and a bridge is built across the river at the principal descent. Here is a small village in the township of Chelmsford, with a post- office and several cotton manufactories. PATUXENT, r. Md. which runs SE. into Chesapeake Bay, 18 m. N. of the Potomac. It is navigable for vessels of 250 tons to Notting ham, 50 m. PAULDING, co. Ohio, bounded by In. W. Williams N. Henry and Putnam E. and Van- wert S. Length 24 m. mean width 18. Mau- mee river crosses its northern side. PAULINGS, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the Hudson. PAULIN S KILL, r. N. J. which runs into the Delaware. Lon. 75 9 W. ; lat. 40 54 N. PAWCATUCK, r. which runs between Rhode Island and Connecticut, and falls into Stonington Harbor. PAWLET, r. which rises in Vt. and runs NW. into Wood Creek, in New York. PAWLET, t. Rutland co. Vt. 33 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 1,965. This is a consider able agricultural township, and has a village containing some manufactures and trade. PAWLING, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 20 m. SE. from Poughkeepsie, 105 S. from Albany. Pop. 1,705. PAWTUCKET, v. partly in North Provi dence, R. I. and partly in Seekhonk, Mass, on the Pawtucket r. 4 m. NE. from Providence. Pop. about 4,000. It is noted for the number and extent of its manufactures, and the thri ving village that has sprung up about them. These factories are at the charming cascade of Pawtucket river. Five or six public build ings, two banks, ten or twelve cotton factories, and as many other factories, have here been the growth of a few years. The whirling of the mills, the dashing of the water, and the activity of the village, altogether constitute a spectacle of great interest. PAWTUCKET, r. R. I. which rises in Mass, where it is called the Blackstone, passes through NE. part of Rhode Island, and flows into Nar- raganset Bay, just below Providence. Below the falls it is called the Seekhonk. The de scent at the falls is about 50 feet. PAWTUXET, v. in Cranston, R. I. at the mouth of the Pawtuxet, 4 m. S. from Provi dence. It contains a bank and an academy, It is a flourishing village, and has consider able trade. PAXTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 8 m. W. Worcester, 48 W. from Boston. Pop. 597. PAXTON, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 791. PAYNESVILLE, v. Rockingham co. N.C. PEABODY, r. N.H. which joins the An droscoggin, in Shelburne. PEACE RIVER. Sec Mackenzie s River. PEACHAM, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 6 m. S. from Danville, 27 E. from Montpelier, 51 N from Dartmouth College. Pop. 1,351. This is a pleasant and valuable agricultural town, and it has a small village containing an academy and a Congregational meeting-house, PEACH BOTTOM, v. York co. Pa. PEACH TOWN, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. PEAKS, mts. extending from Straffbrd in N. H. to the White Mountains; 2,500 feet high. PEAKS OF OTTER, in Bedford co. Va. 30 m. W. by N. from Lynchburg. Lat. 37 33 N. They are summits of the Blue Ridge, and are considered the most elevated points of land in Virginia. The altitude of the eastern peak, is 3,104 feet ; that of the western, 2,946. According to another statement, the elevation is 3,955 feet. The summits are composed of granite. PEARLINGTON, v. Hancock co. Mis. 56 m. SE. from Jackson. PEARL RIVER, r. Mis. which runs S. and joins the Rigolets, which forms a communica tion between Lakes Ponchar train and Borgne. In the S. part of its course, Pearl River sepa rates the state of Mississippi from Louisiana. It is the largest river between the Mississipp* and Mobile. PEASE, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 2,27L PEDEE, Great, r. S.C. which rises in N.C. where it is called Yadkin y and runs SSE. into Winyaw Bay, near Georgetown, and commu nicates with the Atlantic, 12 m. below George town. It is navigable for boats of 60 or 70 tons, about 200 m. PEDEE, Little, r. S. C. which rises in N.C. and unites with the Great Pedee, 32 m. above its mouth. PEDLAR S MILLS, v. Amherst co. Va. 150 m. W. from Richmond. PEDRICKSBURG, v. Salem co. N.J. 10 m. N. from Salem. PEEKSKILL, v. in Cortlandt, Westehes- ter co. N. Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, near the mouth of Peekskill creek, 40 m. N. from New York. It has a printing-office, and con siderable trade. PEELED OAK, v. Bath co. Ken. 73 m. E. from Frankfort. PEELING, t. Grafton co. N.H. 20 m. N. from Plymouth, and 557 from W. Pop 203^ PEE PER 3G9 There are 3 considerable mountains in this township, viz. Cushman s, Blue, and Black mountains. PEEPEE, t Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 18 m. S. from Chillicothe. PEGUNNOCK, r. N.J. which joins the Passaic, at Horseneck. PEJEPSCOT, or Pegypscot, t. Cumberland co. Me. on the Androscoggin, 30 m. NNE, from Portland, 140 NNE. from Boston. PELAGIE, r. La. which runs into the Mis souri. Lon. 91 30 W. ; lat. 38 30 N. PELHAM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 40 m. SSE. from Concord, 45 SW. from Portsmouth. PELHAM, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 14 m. ENE. from Northampton, 85 W. from Boston. Pop. 904. PELHAM, t. Westchester co. N.Y. on Long Island Sound, 18 m. NE. from New York. Pop. 334. PELICAN ISLAND, small isl. near the S. coast of Mississippi. PELICAN ISLANDS, cluster of small isls. near the coast of Mississippi. PEMAQUID, bay on the coast of Maine, containing several small islands. Lon. 69 30 W. ; lat. 43 50 N. PEMBROKE, t Merrimack co. N.H. on E. side of the Merrimack, 6 m. SE. from Con cord. Pop. 1,312. It is a pleasant town, and contains several paper-mills and other manu facturing establishments. PEMBROKE, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 12 m. NW. from Plymouth, 23 SSE. from Boston. Pop. 1,324. PEMBROKE, v. Genesee co. N. Y. PEMIGEW ASSET, name applied to the main branch of the Merrimack, till it is joined by the Winnipiseogee, at Sanborntown. Its sources are from the White Mountains, and Moosehillock, and its length, to its junction with the Winnipiseogee, about 70 m. PENDLETON, co. central part of Va. bounded NE. by Hardy co. ESE. by Rocking ham and Augusta cos. S. by Bath, and WNW. by Randolph. Pop. 6,271. Chief town, Franklin. PENDLETON, co. N. part of Ken. Pop. 3,866. Chief town, Falmouth. PENFIELD, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the S. side of Lake Ontario, 23 m. NNW. from Ca- nandaigua. Here are valuable salt-springs, and abundance of bog iron-ore. PENNFIELD, NE. t. Monroe co N. Y. on Irondequot Bay, 6 m. E. from Rochester. PENNINGTON, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 9 m. W. from Princeton. It is pleasant and flourishing, and contains 40 or 50 houses. PENNSBOROUGH, v. Lycoming co. Pa. on E. side of the Susquehannah, about 18 m. ESE. from Williamsport. PENN S CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Susquehannah, 4 m. below Sunbury. PENN S NECK, Upper, t. Salem co. N.J. PENN S NECK, Lower, t. Salem co. N. J. PENN S VALLEY, in the SE. part of Centre co. Pa. between the Brush and Path Valley mountains. PENN YAN, t. and seat of justice, Yates 2W co. N. Y. is situated on the E. and W. line be tween the townships of Benton and Milo, and a small distance N. of the outlet of Crooked Lake, 13 m. nearly S. from Geneva. PENNSYLVANIA, one of the U. S> See Pa ?ENNYTOWN, v. Hunterdon co, N. J, 10 m. NNW. from Trenton. PENO, t. Pike co. Miso. PENOBSCOT, co. Maine, bounded E. by Washington and Hancock cos. S. by Hancock and Waldo cos. and W. by Somerset co. It is watered by the Penobscot, formed from N. part of Hancock co. Chief town, Bangor. Pop, 31,530. PENOBSCOT, s-p. Hancock co. Me. on E. side of Penobscot Bay ; 4 m, N. from Castine, 240 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,271. It is a place of considerable trade. PENOBSCOT, the largest river in Maine. The western and principal branch rises in the western part of the state, some of its sources being near the head-waters of the Chaudiere, and others near those of the St. John s. It flows E. by S. through Chesuncook and Pern- midumpkok lakes, and unites with the eastern branch, 54 miles in a right line N, by E. from Bangor. PENOBSCOT BAY, large bay of the At lantic, on S. coast of Maine. It embosoms Long Island, on which is the town of Isleslxv rough, the Fox Islands, containing the town of Vinalhaven, and several smaller islands. It is a very fine bay, affords great advantages of navigation, and its islands present a variety of beautiful landscapes. Its entrance, between the Isle of Holt and Owl s Head, is 18 miles wide, and its length from N. to S. is about 30< Lon. 68 40 to 68 56 W.; lat 44 to 44 30 N. PENOBSCOT HILLS, mountains, Me. or! the W. coast of Penobscot Bay. PENSACOLA, t. Escambia co. W. Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. It is the largest town in West Florida, and has a capacious harbor,- but the town can be approached only by small vessels. It is a naval station of the U. States. The situation is comparatively healthy, and the town is somewhat thriving. The town was founded at an early period by the Spaniards. It is 50 m. ESE. from Mobile, 900 SW. from W. Lat. 30 25 N. ; Ion. 87 W. Pop. 2,000, PEPPERELL, t, Middlesex co. Mass. 6 m, NW. from Groton, 39 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,440. PEQUANNACK, t. Morris co. N.J. bor dering on Bergen co. Pop. 4,451. PEQUANOCK, small r. N. J. in Bergen and Morris cos. It joins Long Pond and Rani- pough rivers, at Pompton, to form Pompton river. PEQUEA CREEK, *r. Pa. which runs into the Susquehannah, 2 or 3 miles below the Conestoga. PEQUEST, r. N. J. which runs into the Delaware, Ion. 75 10 W. ; lat 40 47 N. PERAMES, v. Bergen co. N.J. 10 m. NNW, from Hackinsack, 21 NNW. from New York, 370 PER PER PERGHE RIVER, v. n a small creek, so called, in Jefferson co. N. Y. The creek rises by a small lake, 18 or 20 m. NE. from Saek- et s Harbor, and falls into Black River Bay, 4 miles below Brownsville. PERCHES AND CAVE, Rapids de, on the south- westerly branch of the Ottawa river, im mediately above le Portages des Paresseux. PERCIVAL S, v. Brunswick co. Va. 68 m. a little W. of S. from Richmond. PERCY, t. Northumberland co. L. C. PERCY, t. Northumberland co. U. C. in the rear and N. of Cramahe. PERDIDO, r. which runs S. separating West Florida from Alabama, and flows into the Gulf of Mexico 12 m. W. of Pensacola, and 32 E. of Mobile Point. It forms a con- siderable bay at its mouth. PERINTON, t Monroe co. N. Y. between Pittsford and Macedon. The t. lies on both sides of the Erie canal, 10 m. SE. of Rochester. Pop. 2,155. PERKINS, t. Huron co. Ohio, in which is situated the town called Sandusky City. Pop. 335. PERKINSONVILLE, v. Amelia co. Va. PERKIOMEN, r. Montgomery co. Pa. which runs into the Schuylkill, about 10 miles above Norristown. PEROTE, t. of Mexico, in the state of Vera Cruz, about 75 m. NW. from the city of Vera Gruz, and 110 nearly E. from Mexico. Lat. 19 30 N. Near this city rises the vast moun tain called by the Spaniards Coffre de Perote, the Naughcampatepetl, of the Aztecs, 13,414 feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico. PERQUIMANS, r. N. C. which runs into the Atlantic, lat. 36 5 N. PERQUIMANS, co. N. C. bounded by Al- bemarle Sound S. Chowan co. W. Gates NW. and Pasquotank NE. and E. Length 20 m. mean width 10. Chief town, Hertford. Pop. 7,417. PERRY, t. Washington co. Me. 25 m. NE. from Machias. Pop. 735. PERRY, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,792. PERRY, co. Pa. bounded by Cumberland S. Franklin SW. Mifflin NW. and the Susque- hannah river, or Dauphin SE. Length 38 m. mean width 14. Chief town, New Bloomfield. Pop. 14,257. PERRY, co. Ken. bounded by Harlan S. Clay W. EstiU NW. Pike N. arid Floyd E. Length 50 m. mean width 20. Pop. 3,331. PERRY, interior co. of Ohio, bounded on the N. by Licking co. E. by Muskingum and Morgan, S. by Athens and Hocking, W. by Fairfield co. Length 24 m. width 18. Chief town, Somerset. Pop. 14,018. PERRY, t. Wayne co. Ohio. PERRY, t, Shelby co. Ohio. Pop. 349. PERRY, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 1,148. PERRY, t, Richland co. Ohio, Pop. 1,082. PERRY, t. Brown co, Ohio. Pop. 1,018. PERRY, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,055. PERRY, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 14 m. S. of Lancaster. Pop. 814. PERRY, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 10 m. W. from Gallipolis. Pop. 622. PERRY, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 634 PERRY, co. In. bounded by Ohio river SE. and S. Spencer W. Dubois N W. and Crawford N. and NE. Length 28 m. mean width 15. Surface broken, and soil fertile. Pop. in 1820, 2,330 ; in 1830, 3,378. PERRY, co. Ten. bounded by Wayne S. Hardin SW. Henderson W. Carroll NW, Hum phries N. and Hickman E. Length 33 m. mean width 26. Pop. in 1820, 2,384 ; in 1830, 7,038. Shannonsville is the chief town. PERRY, central co. of Al. bounded by Dal- las S. Greene W. Tuscaloosa NW. Bibb NE. and Autauga SE. Cahawba river flows across this co. from N. to S. dividing it into almost equal sections. Pop. 11,509. PERRY, co. Mis. bounded by Jackson and Hancock S. Marion W. Covington N. and Greene E. Length 30 m. breadth 30. Pop. in 1820, 2,037 ; in 1830, 2,285. Chief town, Au gusta. PERRY, C. H. Perry co. Ken. PERRY, C. H. Perry co. Al. on Cahawba r. 50 m. SE. from Tuscaloosa. PERRY, t. Licking co. Ohio. PERRY, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 6 m. E, from Zanesville. PERRY, t. Stark co. Ohio. PERRY, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. PERRYOPOLIS, v. in the lower, or north, ern part of Fayette co. Pa. 16 m. a little W, of N. from Uniontown, and 8 m. NE. from Brownsville. PERRYSBURG, t Ohio, at the Lower Rapids of the Maumee, 36 m. W. by N. from Croghansville, 140 NW. from Columbus. PERRYSBURG, NW. t. Cataraugus co. N.Y. on Cataraugus creek, 30 m. S. from Buffalo. Pop. 2,440. PERRYSBURG, t. Wood co. Ohio, at the Lower Rapids of Maumee river, and on the right bank of that stream, 135 m. NNW.from Columbus, 80 SW. from Detroit, and 50 SW. by W. from the Bass Islands in Lake Erie. PERRY S MILLS, v. Tatnall co. Geo. 115 m. SE. from Milledgeville. PERRYSVILLE, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 7 m. N. from Pittsburg. PERRYSVILLE, v. Bond co. II. on the Kaskaskia, 50 m. E. by N. from St. Louis, 30 from Edwardsville. PERRYSVILLE, t. Mercer co. Ken. PERRYSVILLE, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. PERRYSVILLE, t. Richland co. Ohio, on an eastern fork of the Mohiccon creek. PERRYVILLE, v. Perry co. Miso. about 80 m. a little E. of S. from St. Louis. PERRYVILLE, v. Perry co. Ten. 112 m. SW. by W. from Murfreesborough. PERSON, co. N. C. bounded by Virginia N. Granville E. Orange S. and Caswell W. It is a square of 20 m. each side. Pop. in 1820, 9,029; m 1830, 10,027. Chief town, Roxborough. PERTH AMBOY. See Anib&y. PERU, t. Bennington co. Vt. 38 m. NNE, from Bennington. Pop. 455. PERU, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 16 m. NNE from Lenox, 125 W. from Boston, Pop. 729, PER PHI 371 PERU, t. Ciinton co. N. Y. on Lake Cham- plain, 140 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 4,949. PERU, v. Huron co. Ohio, 130 m. N. from Columbus. PERUVIAN MOUNTAINS, in N. York, W. of Lake Champlain. PESQUEMANSET, r. Bristol co. Mass, which runs into the sea, at Dartmouth. PETERBOROUGH, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. watered by the Contoocook, 18 m. W. from Amherst, 38 SW. from Concord, 64 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,984. This is one of the most considerable manufacturing towns in the state, and contains an oil-mill, a paper- mill, a woollen manufactory, and five cotton manufactories. PETERBOROUGH, v. Smithfield, Madison co. N. Y. 29 m. SW. from Utica, Lon. 75 38 W.; lat. 42 57 N. It is pleasantly situat ed on Oneida creek, and on the turnpike, and contains a printing-office, an arsenal, and considerable manufactures and trade. PETERSBURG, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 47 m. from Harrisburg. PETERSBURG, v. 8 m. SE. from Gettys burg, Adams co. Pa. PETERSBURG, v. Perry co. Pa. on the right bank of Susquehannah river, 15 m. above Harrisburg. PETERSBURG, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 18 m. E. from Troy. Pop. 2,011. PETERSBURG, v. Adams co. Pa. 25 m. SW. from York. PETERSBURG, t Cumberland co. Pa. on W. side of the Susquehannah, 15 m. above Harrisburg. PETERSBURG, port of entry, Dinwiddie co. Va. on S. bank of the Appomatox, just be low the Falls, 12 m. above its junction with the James river, at City Point, 25 m. S. by E. from Richmond. It contains an academy, 2 banks, a Masonic Hall, arid several houses of public worship. It has considerable commerce in tobacco and flour, owns considerable ship ping, and is one of the handsomest and most flourishing towns in the state. Its situation at the head of navigation, and in the vicinity of the Falls, is highly advantageous, as the water-power afforded by the Falls is turned to good account in several extensive and valuable mills. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons. The town contains 8,322 inhabitants. PETERSBURG, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 14 m. ENE. from New Lisbon. PETERSBURG, t. Woodford co. Ken. on the river Kentucky, 15 m. SSE. from Frankfort. PETERSBURG, t. Elbert co. Geo. on the Savannah, 53 m. above Augusta. It is a pleasant and flourishing town. PETERSBURG, v. Boone co. Ken. PETERSBURG, v. Pike co. In. 156 m. SSE. from Indianapolis. PETERSHAM, t. Worcester co. Mass. 30 m. NW. from Worcester, 30 ENE. from North ampton, 67 W. by N. from Boston. It has a pleasant and elevated situation, and is one of the best agricultural towns in the state. It is well watered by several streams which supply a number of factories and forges. Here are also considerable manufactories of straw hats and bonnets. Pop. 1,695. PETERSTOWN, v. Monroe co. Va. PETERSVILLE, v. Frederick co. Md. PEYTONSBURG, v. Pittsylvania co. Va. 18 m. NW. from South Boston. PHARSALIA, t. Chenango co. N. Y. Pop. PHELPS, t Ontario co. N. Y. 12 m. R from Canandaigua. Pop. 4,798. PHILADELPHIA, New, t and cap. Tus- carawas co. Ohio, 50 m. NE. from Zanesville, 314 from W. It is situated on the east branch of the Muskingum, on a large and handsome plain, and contains the county buildings. Pop. 410. PHILADELPHIA, v. Jefferson co. N.Y. 173 m. NW. from Albany. PHILADELPHIA, v. on the northern bor der of Monroe co. Ten. and on Sweet-water creek, about 35 m. SW. from Knoxville. PHILADELPHIA, co. Pa. bounded N. by Bucks co. E. and SE. by Delaware river, SW, by Delaware co. and W. by Montgomery co. Its greatest length from NE. to SW. is 18 m. average width 7 m. area about 120 sq. ms. The population of this county, exclusive of the city (proper) of Philadelphia, but including the Northern Liberties, Kensington, Spring Gar. den, and Southwark, is 108,509. PHILADELPHIA, city, port of entry, and the second city in the Union, is situated in the SE. corner of Pennsylvania, in a county of the same name. It occupies the narrowest part of the isthmus between the rivers Delaware and Schuylkill, about 5 m. above their conflu ence, and about 100 m. from the sea. It is 300 m. SW. of Boston, 90 SW. of New York, 137 NE. of Washington, and 100 NE. of Balti more. Lon. 75 10 W.; lat. 39 57 N. Pop. of the city and liberties, in 1802, 62,000 ; in 1810, 92,247; in 1820, 108,116; in 1830, 161,437. There is a sufficient depth of water in the Schuylkill to admit large merchant ves sels up to the wharves on the W. side of the city, and ships of any size can ascend to it by the Delaware. It is the most regularly built city in the United States. Its principal streets are 100 feet wide, and the others not less than 50. They are perfectly straight, and intersect each other at right angles. Many of them are beautifully shaded, all are well paved, and kept remarkably clean. The houses are of brick, and generally of three stories. It is un questionably among the most manufacturing cities, all tilings taken into view, in the United States. Among all the extensive branches for which it is famous, paper, printing, and pub lishing are important items. A great number of gazettes, periodicals, and monthlies are is- sued ; and one quarterly critical, and another quarterly medical journal. This city vies with Boston in the number and extent of its school and classical books. It has a reputation also for the extent and excellence of its breweries. Its literary, philosophical, and humane institutions are worthy of all praise. The Philadelphia Library owes its origin to the illustrious Frank 372 PHI-PHI PHILADELPHIA, AND ITS ENVIRONS. lin. It contains a museum, a philosophical apparatus, the Philadelphia Library, and the Loganian Library, amounting in all to 42,000 volumes. The American Philosophical Society, the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agri culture, the Athenaeum, and the Academy of Natural Sciences, are all important institutions, and have libraries and collections. The Friends Library contains a respectable collec tion, and the Friends Common School Insti tution is an important and efficient one. There are among the literary institutions great num bers of Laneasterian, Sunday, and infant schools. Among the humane institutions is one for the deaf and dumb. One of the noblest establishments in this or any other state is the Pennsylvania Hospital. It extends a front of 273 feet, and has a large building connected with it, sufficient to contain 50 or 60 patients. Appended to it is a beautiful garden. There are admirable arrangements for every thing appertaining to the comfort and restoration of the diseased, both in body and mind. West s splendid picture of Christ Healing the Sick is properly kept in this institution, and for a trifling gratuity shown to strangers. There are over 40 public buildings and 85 houses of public worship. The names, uses, and dimen sions of some of the public buildings follow. The First Presbyterian Church is a noble building, as are the Episcopal churches in Eighth and Tenth streets. The new Roman Catholic Church of St. John s, in Thirteenth street, is considered an admirable specimen of UNITED STATES BANK, PHILADELPHIA. the Gothic style, and its interior is splendidly decorated with stained glass, &c. The Market is a low range of buildings in the middle of Market street, extending from the Delaware to Eighth street. The Bank of the United States in Chesnut street, is considered the most fin ished specimen of pure Grecian architecture in the Union. It is of white marble, with Doric columns in front. The Bank of Penn sylvania fronts two streets with Ionic columns,, PHI-PHI 373 and is of white marble. The State House is a large brick building in Chesnut street. Gi- rard s Bank is a beautiful marble building with Corinthian columns. The Arcade is an imposing structure, leading from Chesnut to Carpenter street. It is fitted up with shops, and in the second story with piazzas, and con tains Peak s Museum. The Theatre in Ches nut street has a marble front. The Masonic Hall, a little further on, is in the Gothic style. The Academy of Arts is in Chesnut street, between Tenth and Eleventh. Among the statues are the Three Graces of Canova, and a gallery of pictures principally the works of American artists. The Mint of the United States is in Philadelphia, and the building forms an important addition to the public edi fices : it fronts on Chesnut near Broad street, and is built entirely of white marble. The amount coined annually varies from two and a half to three million dollars. The Schuyl- kill Water- Works are a splendid establish ment, and noted especially for the rich and varied prospect enjoyed from them. The build ing in which the machinery is contained is a handsome one, and the machinery is capable of raising 7 million gallons of water in 24 hours. The wheels are driven by a current from a dam above. The reservoirs are on a hill, higher than any part of the city. The pipes extend 34 or 35 m. This grand work abundantly repays the inspection. Pratt s Garden, in full view of the Water- Works, is a charming place, and well worthy to be visited. The Penitentiary has the aspect of a fortress. The wall is of granite, 40 feet high, and in closes a square 650 feet each way. The Navy Hospital, 2 m. SW. of the centre of the city, has a front of 386 feet, and is 3 stories high. It is built partly of granite and partly of mar ble. The Navy Yard is of great extent, and fitted up with first-rate appurtenances for building frigates and ships of the line. The Pennsylvania, building here, it is said, will be the largest ship in the world, and is to carry 160 guns. The new Aims-House, upon the western bank of the Schuylkill, is a very ex tensive structure, having a front upon the river of about 1,000 feet. The House of Refuge is near the city, upon the Ridge Road, and is a substantial and commodious edifice. The University of Pennsylvania was incorporated in 1791. The number annually admitted to degrees is usually about 30. The Medical Institution belonging to the University has 8 professors, and has the reputation of being the first institution of the kind in the Union. It has about 500 students from various parts of the U. States. Its buildings are two large and elegant edifices in Ninth street, between Ches nut and Market. The Jefferson Medical Col lege, situated in Tenth street, is another insti tution of this kind : it has, at present, a smaller number of students. The Philadelphia Prison is a. more interesting object to humanity than the most gorgeous palaces. It presents the practi cal application of principles which worldly men have derided, and philosophy has upheld without daring to hope for their adoption. The j convicts are all employed in various kinds of mechanical labor, the proceeds of which, when they exceed the expenses of their prosecution and support during their confinement, are di vided, one-half being paid to the prisoner at his discharge, and the balance retained by tho state. The humane and rational system of discipline established, and so successfully maintained in this prison, has become a model for those of the other states. Though separated by justice from society, and condemned to years of toil, the prisoners are not supposed to have lost the distinctive attributes of human nature : they are treated as rational beings, operated on by rational motives, and repay this treatment by improved habits of industry and submission. The public squares of this city, from their frequency, verdure, and the num ber of people promenading them, give it an appearance of rural beauty, which few large and commercial cities possess. No city in the Union can show such long ranges of uniform and magnificent houses as this. Uniformity, neatness, and utility are its standing charac teristics. Two men, whose names will be co eval with time, differing in a thousand re- gpects from each other, have been enabled to stamp a blended impress of their own peculiar intellectual character upon the aspect and in stitutions of Philadelphia. The one is Frank lin, the simple and sagacious expounder of the doctrine of utility ; the other, William Penn, the memorable patriarch, the immortal as- serter of toleration, a doctrine in his time little known, but now as universally admitted and lauded in theory, as it is generally disregarded in practice. Another celebrated individual, Stephen Girard, who closed his life within the present year, by his great exertions and unex ampled success in commerce and banking, contributed largely during his life to the pros perity of this city. By perseverance and good fortune, he accumulated possessions in real estate and money, to the amount of more than ten millions of dollars ; and at his death, he bequeathed more than three-fourths of this im mense sum to the corporation of Philadelphia, and to various charitable and benevolent insti tutions in the city. By his will, two million dollars are to be appropriated to the building and endowment of a college for the gratuitous support and education of orphans. This col lege is to be 110 by 160 feet, 3 stories high, and sufficiently spacious to accommodate 300 scholars. It is to be built entirely of white marble, and, together with the Exchange (which is now in a course of erection, and to be formed of the same material) will add to the noble edifices which adorn and beautify the city of Philadelphia. PHILANTHROPY, v.Butler co.Ohio, 122 m. SW. from Columbus. PHILLIPS, t. Somerset co. Me. 40 m. NW. from Norridgewock. Pop. 954. PHILLIP S POINT, cape in Lynn, Mass. Lon. 70 54 W. ; lat. 42 30 N. PHILLIP S RIVER, r. N. H. which unites with the Upper Amoonoosuc, in Piercy. PHILIPS, co. of Ark. lying along the Mis- 374 PHI PIQ sissippi and St. Francis rivers. Chief town, St. Helena, on the Mississippi. Pop. 1,152. PHILLIPSBURG, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 70 m. below Steubenville, and on the Ohio river. PHILLIPSBURG, v. Orange co. N. Y. PHILLIPSBURG, t. Centre co. Pa. about 24 ra. W. from Bellefonte. PHILLIPSBURG, v. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware, opposite Easton, 41 m. above Trenton. PHILLIPSBURG, t. Lincoln co Me. on the Kennebeck, 17 m. SW. from Wiscasset. Pop. 1,311. PHILLIPSTON, v. Worcester co. Mass. PHILLIPSTOWN, t. Putnam co. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hudson, opposite West Point Pop. 4,816. PHILLIPSVILLE, v. Feliciana co. Lou. PIANKATANK, r. Va. which runs into the Chesapeake. Lon. 76" 25 W. ; lat. 37 32 N. PICKAWAY, co. Ohio, bounded by Ross S. Fayette W. Madison NW. Delaware N. Fairfield E. and Hocking SE. Length 22, width 21 m. Pop. in 1820, 13,149 ; in 1830, 15,935. Chief town, Circleville. PICKAWAY, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 3 m. from Circleville. Pop. 1,766. PICKENSVILLE, t. Pendleton co. S. C. on the Saluda, 15 m. SE. from Greenville, 110 m. WNW. from Columbia. It contains but a few houses. PICKERING, t. of York co. U.C. on Lake Ontario, E. from York. PIERCE S ISLAND, small isl. in Piscata- qua harbor N. H. PIERCY, t. Coos co. N. H. 9 NE. from Lancaster. Pop. 236. PIERMONT, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Connecticut, opposite Bradford, 5 m. S. from HaverhiU. Pop. 1,042. PIERPONT, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. Pop. 749. PIG POINT, v. Ann.Arundel co. Md. PIGEON RIVER, r. Ten. which runs into the French Broad river. Little Pigeon joins the same river 9 m. below, in Jefferson co. PIGWACKET, or Pequocket, the Indian name of a tract of country on the borders of N. H. and Maine, including Conway, Frye- burg, and the adjacent towns. PIKE, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 2,016. PIKE, co. in the NE. part of Pa. on the Delaware river. Length 40, breadth about 25 m. Pop. 4,843. Chief town, Milford. PIKE, v. Bradford co. Pa. PIKE, co. Ohio, bounded S. by Scioto, SW. by Adams, W. by Highland, N. by Ross, and E. by Hocking and Jackson. Length 32, breadth 15 m, Chief town, Piketon. Pop. in 1820, 4,253 ; in 1830, 6,024. PIKE, co. of In. bounded by Warwick S. Gibson W. White river or Knox and Davies N. and Dubois E. Length 24, breadth 17 m. Patoka, branch of Wabash, passes through the middle of this co. Pop. in 1820, 1,472; in 1830, 2,464. Chief town, Petersburg. PIKE, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 996. PIKE, t. Perry co. Ohio. Pop. 1,119. PIKE, NW. t Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 339. PIKE, one of the extreme eastern cos. of Ken. bounded by Harland and Perry SW. by Perry W. by Floyd N. and by Cumberland mountain or Russell and Tazewell cos. Va. SE. Length 50, and mean width 15 m. Pop. 2,677. Chief town, Pikeville. PIKE, co. Miso. bounded by Lincoln and Montgomery S. by Rails W. and NW. and by Mississippi river E. This co. would average about 20 m. square, or 400 sq. m. Pop. in 1820, 3,747, but including then a large space N. of Missouri river, now included in other cos.; in 1830, 6,122. Chief town, Bowling Green. PIKE, co. Miss, bounded by Lou. S. Amite W. Lawrence N. and Marion E. Length 27, width 30 m. Pop. in 1820, 4,438 ; in 1830, 5,402. Chief town, Holmesville. PIKE, t. Wayne co. Ohio. PIKE, t. in the southern part of Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,273. PIKE, NW. t. of Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 1,115. PIKE, C. H. Pike co. Ken. PIKE, r. Lou. which runs into the Missis- sippi, 70 m. below Sable Lake. PIKETON, t. and seat of justice, Pike co. Ohio, 19 m. S. from Chillicothe. PIKEVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Bled- soe co. Ten. on Sequachee river, 80 m. a little S. of E. from Murfreesborough, and 608 from W. PIKEVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Marion co. Al. about 70 m. NW. from Tuscaloosa. PIKESVILLE, v. Baltimore co. Md. PILESGROVE, t. Salem co.N. J. Pop. 2,150. PINCKNEY, v. Montgomery co. Miso. on the Missouri river, about 60 m. W. from St. Louis. PINCKNEY, t. Lewis co. N. Y. Pop. 783. PINCKNE YVILLE, t. Union district, S. C. on Broad river, 75 m. NNW. from Columbia. It contains but a few houses. PINCKNEYVILLE, t. Wilkinson co. Miss. 5 m. E. of the Mississippi, and about 16 m. SE. from Fort Adams. It is situated in a very pleasant and fertile country. PINE CREEK, r. Pa. which runs S. into the W. branch of the Susquehannah, 2 or 3 m. W. of Jersey shore. PINE GROVE, v. Schuylkill co. Pa. 8 m. from Womelsdorf. PINE GROVE MILLS, v. Centre co. Pa. PINE HILL, v. York district, S.C. PINE RIVER, r. N. H. which flows into Ossipee Lake. PINE RIVER, r. In. which runs into the Wabash. PINEVILLE, v. Charleston district, S. C. about 40 miles from Charleston. Here is an academy. PINEY GROVE, v. Southampton co. Va. FILEMAKER S CREEK, r. Geo. which runs into the Savannah. PIQUA, or Piquatown, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the Great Miami, 130 m. from its mouth, 8 m. N. from Troy, 30 S. from Wapaghkanetta, 67 WNW. from Columbus, and 125 S. from Fort Meigs. It is delightfully situated, and is a flourishing town. Pop. 488, PIS PIT 375 PISCASICK, r. N. H. which joins the Lam- prey, in Durham. PISCATAQUA, r. N. H. which rises in Wakefield, separates N. H. from Maine, and pursuing a SSE. course of about 40 m. flows into the Atlantic, below Portsmouth. From its source to Berwick lower falls, it is called Salmon Fall river ; thence to the junction of the Chocheco, it takes the name of Newicha- wannock, and afterwards that of Piscataqua. This river affords a sloop navigation to the towns of Dover, Newmarket, Durham, and Exeter. Piscataqua Harbor, formed by the mouth, is one of the finest on the continent. PISCATAQUIS, r. Me. which runs E. into the Penobscot, 25 m. below the junction of the Metawamkeak. Length 100 m. PISCATAQUOG, r. N. H. which rises in Deerfield and Francestown, and runs ESE. into the Merrimack, in NE. corner of Bedford. PISCATAWAY, t. Middlesex co. N. J. on the Raritan, 3 m. NE. from New Brunswick, 14 SW. from Elizabethtown. Pop. 2,664. PISCATAWAY, t. Prince George co. Md. on the Piscataway, 16 m. N. from Port To- bacco. PISCATAWAY, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac, 8 m. below Alexandria. PITCH LANDING, v. Hertford co. N. C. PITT, co. N. C. Pop. 12,174. Greenville is the chief town. PITT, Cape, cape on NW. coast of Amer ica, in Dixon s Entrance. Lon. 132 10 W. ; lat. 54 50 N. PITT, Cape, cape on the S. coast of New Georgia. Lon. 158 29 E. ; lat. 8 55 S. PITTSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Chatham co. N. C. 30 m. SW. from Raleigh, 54 NNW. from Fayetteville, and 319 from W. It is situated on an eminence, in a very fertile and well cul tivated country, and contains a court-house, a jail, and an academy. PITTSBURG, AND ITS ENVIRONS. PITTSBURG, city, and cap. Alleghany co. Pa. 230 m. WNW. from Baltimore, 297 W. by N. from Philadelphia, 335 from Lexington, Ken. 1,100 from New Orleans by land and 2.000 by water, and 223 from W. Lat. 40 40 N. ; Ion. 80 W. It is situated on a beau tiful plain, on a broad point of land, where the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela forms the Ohio. The suburbs of Pittsburg are Alleghanytown, Northern Liberties, Birming ham on the south bank of the Monongahela, Lawrenceville-East Liberty, and remainder of Pitt township. Population of the city proper 12,540, and of the suburbs 9,983. Total, 22,433. The town is compactly, and in some streets handsomely built ; although the universal use of pit coal for culinary and manufacturing purposes has carried such quantities of fine black matter, driven off in the smoke into the air, and deposited it on the walls of the houses, and every thing, that can be blackened with coal smoke, as to have given the town a gloomy aspect Its position and advantages, as a man- ufacturing town, and its acknowledged health- fulness, will continue, however, to render it a place of attraction for builders, manufacturers, and capitalists. At the present time the fol .owing articles are manufactured on a great scale : iron-mongery of every description, steam engines, and enginery, and iron work in gen eral ; cutlery of all descriptions ; glass and pa per, cotton, and woollens, pottery, chemicals, tin, and copper ware are manufactured, and exported to a great extent. Boat arid steam boat building have been pursued here on a greater scale, than in any other town in the western country. So long ago as 1814, 4,055 wagons of four and six horses, employed as transport wagons, passed between this place and Philadelphia. Boats of the smaller kinds are continually departing down the river at all seasons, when the waters will admit. In mod- 376 PIT PLA crate stages of the rivef, great numbers o: steam-boats arrive, and depart. Large con tracts are continually ordered from all th towns on the waters of the Ohio and Missis sippi, for machinery, steam-boat castings, am the various manufactures it produces. It i supplied with water by a high-pressure steam engine of 84 horse power, which raises the water 116 feet above the Alleghany river. A million and a half gallons of water can be rais ed in 24 hours. These works went into ope ration in 1828. The churches in this city are a Baptist, Roman Catholic, Covenanters , Se coders , a Methodist church, German Lutheran church, Union church, Episcopal church, firs and second Presbyterian churches, Unitarian church, second Methodist church, and an Af rican church, making a total of 13. The othe public buildings are the Western University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburg High School, Pitts burg Exchange, Mansion House, and Hotel Lambdin s Museum, the U. S. Bank, and the Pittsburg Bank. There are 11 large establish ments of iron fbunderies, in which were man ufactured from pigs, in 1830, 5,339 tons. There are six rolling mills and iron works with nai factories attached, in which were manufactur ed in the same year 7,950 tons of pigs into blooms, and 2,805 tons into nails. There are four large cotton factories, in the largest of which are 10,000 spindles, spinning 1,400 pounds of yarn weekly. There are two large establishments of glass works, and 270 other large manufacturing establishments of a mis cellaneous character. This city has immense advantages of artificial as well as natural water communications. The great Pennsylvania ca nal, over 500 miles in length, terminates here Another canal is laid out to connect it with Lake Erie through Meadville ; and still a third is proposed to the mouth of Mahoning, where it will connect with a branch of the Ohio and Erie canal from its summit head. PITTSFIELD, t. Rutland co. Vt. 40 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 505. PITTSFIELD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 6 m N. from Lenox, 36 ESE. from Albany, 40 W from Northampton, and 136 W. from Boston, Pop. 3,570. It is watered by the Housatonnuc, is a pleasant and flourishing town, and a place of considerable trade and manufactures. It contains 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Con- gregationalists and 1 for Methodists, a bank, a town-house, an excellent female academy, a printing-office from which is issued a weekly newspaper, several woollen manufactories, a marble manufactory, a manufactory of small- arms, and a drum manufactory. Large num bers of chaises, coaches, and wagons are made here. Good marble is found here. The U. S. have barracks here sufficient to accommodate 2,000 men, and a hospital. Pittsfield is situ ated in a very fertile tract of country, and is one of the best agricultural towns in the state. PITTSFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 15 m. WSW. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,005. PITTSFIELD, v. Somerset co. Me. 98 m. N. from Portland. PITTSFORD, t. Rutland co. Vt. on the Ot ter Creek, 34 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 2^005. Here is a valuable quarry of marble* PITTSGROVE, t. Salem co. N. J. 28 m. S. from Philadelphia. PITTSTON, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on E, side of the Kennebeck, opposite Gardiner, 7 m, S. from Augusta, and 160 NNE. from Boston, Pop. 1,804. PITTSTON, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 58 m. NNE. from Philadelphia. PITTSTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa. PITTSTOWN, t. Rensselaer co. N, Y. NE, from Lansingburg. Pop. 3,702. PITTSYLVANIA, C. H. Pittsylvania co. Va. on Bannister river, 176 m. SW. from Richmond. PITTSYLVANIA, co. Va. bounded by N. Carolina S. Henry and Franklin cos. W. Roan- oke river, or Bedford and Campbell N. and HaJ- ifax E. Length 36 m. mean width 28. Pop. in 1820, 21,313 ; in 1830, 26,023. Chief town, Danville. PLACENTIA, spacious bay on the E. coast of Newfoundland. PLAIN, t. Wayne co. Ohio, W. from Woos- ter. Pop. 1,263. PLAIN, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 842. PLAINFIELD, t. Washington co. Vt. wa tered by the Onion river, 9 m. E. from Mont- pelier. Pop. 874. PLAINFIELD, t. Sullivan co. N. H,on the Connecticut, 11 m. S. from Dartmouth College, 14 N. from Claremont, 55 NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,581. Union Academy, a well endowed seminary, is in this town. It has a principal,, an assistant, and about 100 students. There are falls in the Connecticut at this place. PLAINFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 21 m. NW. from Northampton, and 110 W. from Boston. Pop. 983. PLAINFIELD, t. Windham co. Ct. on E, side of the Quinebaug, 4 m. E. from Canter- jury, and 15 NE. from Norwich. Pop. 2,289, This is a pleasant and valuable town, and con- ;ains a respectable academy. PLAINFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 15 m, NW. from Cooperstown, 81 W. from Albany, Pop. 1,626. PLAINFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. PLAINFIELD, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 76 m. NE. from Columbus.. PLAISTOW, t. Rockingham co. N.H. 12 m. W. from Newburyport, and 28 SW. from Portsmouth. PLANE, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,469. PLAQUEMINE, outlet of the Mississippi, .17 m. above New Orleans, 36 above the efflux f Lafourche, and 96- below thatof Atchafalaya. PLAQUEMINE BEND, remarkable bend )f the Mississippi, 70 m. below New Orleans. PLAQUEMINES, parish, La. on both sides )f the Mississippi, near its mouth. Pop. 4,489. PLAQUEMINES, fort, La. on the Missis- ippi, 43 m. below New Orleans. A small gar- ison is kept here for the purpose of examin- ng all vessels that pass. PLATTE, La, r. Vt. which runs into Lak* ^hamplain, at Shelburne. PLATTE, La, r. La. which rises in Uie FLA PLY 377 ftocky Mountains, and after an E. course of about 1,600 m. joins the Missouri, 600 m. from the Mississippi. PLATTE, Little, r. La. which runs into the Missouri, 349 m. from the Mississippi. PLATTEKILL, t Ulster co. N. Y. 22 m. S. from Kingston. Pop. 1,936. PLATTSBURG, t and cap. Clinton co.N.Y. on W. side of Lake Champlain, at the mouth of the Saranac, 160 m. N. from Albany, 60 Si from Montreal. Lon. 73 25 W. ; lat. 44 42 N. Pop. 4,913. The U. S. barracks are 4 m. above the village, on the Saranac. Plattsburg village is handsomely laid out; it contains a court-house, a jail, a Presbyterian church, an academy, a bank, and a printing-office^ and is a place of considerable trade. This place is memorable for the effectual resistance, on the llth of Sept. 1814, of 2,500 Americans, under Gen. Macomb, to the British force of 14,000 men, under Sir George Prevost ; and in the bay before this town, Commodore M Donough obtained a signal victory over the British fleet. PLEASANT, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 1,763. PLEASANT, t. in the SW. corner of Frank lin co. Ohio. Pop. 164. PLEASANT, t. in the SE. corner of Madi son co. Ohio. Pop. 857. PLEASANT, t. in the north-eastern part of Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 821. PLEASANT, t Brown co. Ohio, in which is situated the town of Ripley. Pop. 1,917. PLEASANT GROVE, v. Lunenburg co. Va PLEASANT GROVE, v. Orange co. N.C PLEASANT GROVE, v. Greenville dis trict, S. C. PLEASANT PLAINS, v. Franklin co. Ten PLEASANT RIVER, r. Me. which runs into the sea, between Columbia and Addison and forms a bay at its mouth, to which it gives name, Ion. 67 40 W. ; lat. 44 35 N. PLEASANT VALLEY, v. in Clinton Dutchess co. N. Y 7 m. E. of Poughkeepsie This is a flourishing village, and has consider able manufactories. PLEASANT VALLEY, v. in Elizabeth town, N.Y. PLEASANT VALLEY, t. Fairfax co. Va PLEIN, n which rises in the NW. Terri tory, flows into Indiana, and unites with the Theakiki, to form the Illinois. PLESIS, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 184 m. NW from Albany. PLUCKEMIN, v. Somerset co. N. J. PLUIE, La, lake, N. America. Lon. 93 C 40 W.; lat, 48 50 N. PLUIE, La, r. which forms a communica tion between Lake la Pluie and the Lake the Woods. PLUM ISLAND, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Massachusetts, between Newbury port and Ipswich, 9 m. long and 1 broad. It south end is on the north side of the entranci of Ipswich harbor, and its north end on thi south side of the entrance of Newburyport har bor. Near the north end there are two lights Several houses have been erected on this islanc W the Marine and Humane Socictv, for th 2X elief of distressed mariners. This island is a )lace of much resort in the summer. PLUM ISLAND, small isl. near the NE. :oast of Long Island, in the state of N. Y. It s annexed to Southold. PLUYE, r. In. which runs into the The akiki. PLYMOUTH, t. Windsor coi Vt. 18 rm W. rom Windsor. Pop. 1,237. A remarkable lavern was discovered in this town in 1818. It s situated at the foot of a mountain, near the lead of Black river, and has 5 apartments, the argest of which is 30 feet long, 20 broad, and 20 high. Two of the others are nearly as arge. The rocks which form the cavern are wholly of limestone. Numerous petrifactions .re found here, most of which resemble icicles ranging from the rocks. PLYMOUTH, t. Grafton co. N.H. on Wi ide of the Merrimack, 31 m. SSE. from Haver- hill, 43 N. from Concord, 70 NW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 1,175. In the north part of the town there is a pleasant village, containing a court-house and a Congregational meeting- louse. The courts of the county are held al- ;ernately here and at HaverhilL PLYMOUTH, co. Mass, bounded by Cape Hod and Boston Bays NE. Barnstable co. and Buzzard s Bay SE. Bristol co. SW. and Nor* folk co. NW. Length 30 m. mean width 20. Pop, in 1820^ 38,136; in 1830, 42,993. It is the original seat of the colonization of New England. Chief town, Plymouth; PLYMOUTH, s-p, and cap. Plymouth co. Mass. 36 m. SSE. from Boston. Lon. TO 30 W.; lat. 41 58 N. Pop. 4,751. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, and 4 houses of public worship 3 for Congrcgationalists, and 1 for Baptists. The harbor is spacious, but hallow. Vessels drawing more than 10 or 11 feet of water cannot approach the wharves without being lightened at some distance from them. A small stream which passes through the town, furnishes valuable wateNpOwer, where have been erected several important manufactories of cotton and woollen goods, and extensive iron works. Plymouth is> the oldest town in New England^ The first settlers land ed here on the 22d of December 1620 ; this anniversary is still observed. The rock on which they landed was conveyed, in 1774, to the centre of the town. PLYMOUTH, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 10 m. SE, from Litchfield* Pop. 2,064. PLYMOUTH, t. Chenango co. N- Y. 7 m. NW. from Norwich, 107 W. from Albany Pop. 1,591. PLYMOUTH, t. Luzerne cb; Paa on the Susquehannah, nearly opposite Wilkesbarre. PLYMOUTH, t. Montgomery co. Pa. PLYMOUTH, s-p. and cap. Washington co. Ni C. near the mouth of the Roanoke, 20 m. S. from Edenton. PLYMOUTH, t the northern limits of Richland co. Ohio. PLYMOUTH, v. Windsor co. Vt. 15 m. SE. by E. from Rutland. PLYMPTON, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 10 m, NW. from Plymouth, 32 S. from Boston, Pop* 378 POC POP 920. It contains a cotton, a woollen manufac tory, and a forge. POCAHONTAS, t. Chesterfield co. Va. on N. side of the Appomatox, opposite Petersburg, and included within the borough of Petersburg, POCATALIGO, v. Beaufort district, S. C, 64 m, WSW. from Charleston. POKOMOKE, r. in SE. part of Md. which runs SW. into the Chesapeake, forming a con siderable bay at its mouth. Length 40 m. POESTON KILL, r. N. Y. which runs into the Hudson, S. of Troy. Length 20 m. POINT ADAMS, cape, on W. coast of N. America, S. of the entrance into the river Co lumbia. Lon. 124 57 W. ; lat. 46 15 N. POINT ALDERTON, SW. point of Boston Harbor, on the coast of Massachusetts. POINT AU FER, headland in N. part of Lake Champlain, given by the British to the United States, in 1769. POINT BAGADUCE, cape in Penobscot Bay, on the coast of Maine. POINT CHICOT, v. of Arkansas, on the bank of the Mississippi, at the mouth of the Arkansas river. POINT COMFORT, cape on the coast of Va. at the mouth of James river. POINT COUPEE, co. La. Pop. 5,936. Chief town, Point Coupee. POINT COUPEE, t. and cap. Point Coupee co. La. on W. bank of the Mississippi, 30 m. N. from Baton Rogue, 1,210 from W. POINT HARMER, v. in the township of Marietta, Ohio, on the Muskingum. It is ver pleasantly situated, and contains a steam-mill of stone, 4 stories high, and about 50 hand some dwelling-houses. POINT JUDITH, cape on the SE. corner of South Kingston, Rhode Island, on W. side of Narraganset Bay, 9 m. SSW. from Newport. Lon. 71 35 W.; lat. 41 24 N. POINT LABADDIE, v. on Missouri river, in Franklin co. Miso. 30 m. above St. Charles. POINT LOOKOUT, cape on the coast of Md. on N. side of the mouth of the Potomac. POINT MARYLAND, headland in the river Potomac, W. of Port Tobacco. POINTOPOLIS, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 190 m. SW. from Columbus. POINT PLEASANT, t. Mason co. Va. just above the confluence of Kenhawa with the Ohio, 5 m. NE. from Gallipolis. POINT PLEASANT, v. Clermont co. Ohio, on the N. bank of the Ohio river. It contains about 25 houses, immediately below the mouth of Indian creek, 21 m. SW. from Williams- burg. Pop. 116. POINT PLEASANT, v. Martin co. In. 126 m. SSW. from Indianapolis. POINT REMOVE, v. Pulaski co. Arkansas, 60 m. from Little Rock. POINT SALISBURY, cape, on the coast of Massachusetts, at the entrance of the Mer- rimack river, N. of the entrance of Newbury- port harbor. POINT SHERIFF, cape in Columbia river, on W. coast of N. America. POINT TOBACCO, cape on the coast of Maryland, in the Potomac, 37 m. SSW. from Annapolis. POKETALICO, r. Va. runs into the Ken hawa. Lon. 81 51 W. ; lat. 38 l& N. POLAND, t. Cumberland co. Me. on the S. side of the entrance of the Little Androscog- gin, 30 m. N. from Portland, 140 m. NNE. from Boston. POLAND, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Ma- honing, 18m. SE. from Warren, 62 N W. from Pittsburg. Pop. 1,186. It contains a furnace, a forge, and other mills. POLLARDSVILLE, v. Greenville district, S. Carolina. POMFRET, t. Windsor co. Vt 22 m. N from Windsor. Pop. 1,867. POMFRET, t. Windham co. Ct. 40 m. E- from Hartford, 57 SW. from Boston. It is an excellent agricultural town, and has a very large cotton manufactory. Near the centre of the town there is a pleasant village, where several turnpikes meet. POMFRET, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake Erie, containing the villages of Dunkirk and Fredonia. Pop. 3,386. POMME, r. La. runs into the Mississippi. Lon. 90 15 W.; lat. 37 18 N. POMPEY, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 11 m. SE, from Onondaga, 146 W. from Albany. Pop. 4,812. This is a valuable agricultural town, and has an academy. POMPTON, t. Morris co. N. J. POMUNKY CREEK, r. Maryland, which runs into the Potomac. PONDICHERRY, mt. N. H. in Breton Woods, and Jefferson. PONCHARTRAIN, lake, La. about 35 m, long from E. to W. and 25 broad, and gener ally from 12 to 20 feet deep. It communicates with Lake Borgne on the SE. with Lake Mau- repas on the NW. and with the city of New Orleans by Bayou St. John, on the S. PONTIAC, v. and seat of justice, Oakland co. Mich, on Huron river of Lake St. Clair. It stands in a very fertile district. POOL, r. Mississippi, which runs into the Gulf of Mexico. POOL S ISLAND, small isl. in the Chesa peake. Lon. 76 23 W. ; lat. 39 22 N. POOLESVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S. Carolina. POOLS VILLE, t. NW. part of Montgomery co. Md. 33 m. NW. from W. POOSHAW, lake, in Hancock co. Me. It is 9 m. long, and 4 broad. It communicates with the Penobscot by Pooshaw river, which, after a course of 15 m. flows into the Penob scot, on W. side, opposite Marsh Island. POPACHTON, r. one of the higher condu cts of Delaware river, rises in Greene co. N. Y. and thence flowing into Delaware co. continues a SW. course of 50 m. into the Del aware river. POPE, co. II. bounded SE. and S. by Ohio river, W. by Johnson, and N. and NE. by Gal- latin. Length 30 m. mean width 20. Pop. in 1820, 2,610; in 1830, 3,323. Chief town, Golconda. POP FOR 379 POPLAR CREEK, r Ten. which runs into the Clinch. POPLAR CREEK, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac. POPLAR GROVE, v. Newbury district, S. Carolina. POPLAR ISLAND, isl. in Chesapeake Bay, about 10 m. in circumference. Lat. 38 45 N. POPLAR PLAINS, v. Fleming co. Ken. a little N. of E. 106 m. from Frankfort. POPLAR SPRINGS, v. Ann-Arundel co. Maryland. POPLAR TOWN, or Trap, t. Worcester co. Maryland. POPLIN, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 24 m. WSW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 429. POPOCATEPETL, volcanic mountain of Mexico, in Puebla, rising to the great elevation of 17,716 feet above the level of the ocean. PORCUPINE, r. N. America, runs into the Missouri, 110 m. above the Yellow-stone. PORCUPINE RIVER, r. NW. Territory, runs into Lake Superior. Lat. 46 14 N. PORTAGE, co. Ohio, bounded by Columbi- ana SE. Stark S. Medina W. Cuyahoga NW. Geauga N. and Trumbull E. Length 30 m. breadth 24. Pop. in 1820, 10,095 ; in 1830, 18,827. Chief town, Ravenna. The land is gen erally high, elevated and considerably broken PORTAGE DESSIEUX, v. St. Charles co. Miso. 25 m. from St. Charles. PORT AU PRINCE, seaport of St. Domin go, seated on a bay on the W. side of the island, of which part it is the capital. It was taken by the English and royalists in 1794, but the whole island has been since evacuated by the English. Lon. 72 10 W. ; lat. 18 45 N. PORT BYRON, v. Cayuga co. N. Y. PORT CONWAY, v. King George s co. Va 65 m. S. from W. PORTER, t. Oxford co. Me. 34 m. SW. from Paris. Pop. 841. PORTER, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario. PORTER, t. on the Ohio river, in Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 917. PORTER BRIDGE, v. Oxford co. Me. 45 m. NW. from Portland. PORT GIBSON, seat of justice for Clai- borne co. Miss, on the waters of the Bayou Pierre, 45 m. NE. of Natchez, and 12 m. E. of the Mississippi river, contains a branch of the State Bank, a handsome court-house, a printing-office, which issues a large weekly paper, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Distance from W. 1,101 m. PORT PENN, a small village in Newcastle co. Del. on the bank of the Delaware river, 50 m below Philadelphia. PORT REPUBLIC, t. Rockingham co. Va. on S. branch of the Shenandoah, 22 m. NE from Staunton. PORT ROYAL, t. Caroline co. Va. on the Rappahannock, 20 m. SE. from Fredericks- burg. PORT ROYAL, t. Montgomery co. Ten. at the union of the Sulphur Fork and Red River, 12 m. E. from Clarkesville. PORT ROYAL ISLAND, isl. in Port Joyal Entrance, near the coast of S. Carolina, about 12 m. long and 5 wide. Beaufort is thq principal town. Lat. 32 12 N. PORT TOBACCO, t. and cap. Charles co. Md. on a small river of the same name, which runs into the Potomac a little below the town, 45 m. SSW. from Annapolis. It contains an Episcopal church, a ware-house for the inspec tion of tobacco, and about 80 houses. In the icinity are the celebrated cold waters of Mount Misery, 32 m. from W. PORT WATSON, v. Cortlandt co. N. Y. on the Tioughnioga, 3 m. from the court house. See Homer. PORT WILLIAM, t. and cap. Gallatin co. Ken. at the conflux of Kentucky river with the Ohio, 37 m. N. from Frankfort, and 565 fromW. Pop. 324. PORTAGE, t. in SW. corner of Portage co. Ohio, on the Tuscarawas. Pop. 475. PORTAGE, or Carrying river, r. Ohio, vhich runs into Lake Erie, 15 m. W. of the Sandusky. PORTAGE DES SIOUX, v. Missouri, on the W. bank of the Mississippi, 6 m. above the Missouri, 24 m. N. from St. Louis. PORTER, t. Oxford co. Me. 34 m. SW. from Paris. Pop. 841. PORTLAND, t. and port of entry, Cum- berland co. Me. 54 m. NNE. from Portsmouth, 115 NNE. from Boston, and 542 from W. Lon. 70 20 W. ; lat. 43 39 W. It is a very pleasant town, finely situated on a peninsula in Casco bay. It is the shire-town of the co. and till this year (1832) it has been the capi tal of the state. The harbor is large, safe, easy of access, and is frozen but for a very short time each winter. It is the largest town in Maine, and has a very active commerce. The shipping of the port in 1829 amounted to 56,949 tons. It has many handsome buildings, among which are 8 houses of public worship, a custom-house and court-house. It has 6 banks, including a branch of the U. S. bank, an insurance office, academy, public library, and several flourishing schools. On opposite sides of the ship-channel are forts Preble and Scammel. The entrance of the harbor is marked by a light-house, and on the pinnacle of Mount Joy is a conspicuous observatory. In 1820 it contained 8,520 inhabitants ; in 1830, 12,601. PORTLAND, New, t. Somerset co. Me. 22 m. NW. from Norridgewock. Pop. 1,215. PORTLAND, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake Erie, 9 m. from the head of Chatauque Lake. Pop. 1,771. PORTLAND, v. Jefferson co. Ken. below Louisville. PORTLAND, v. Dallas co. Al. 16 m. from Cahawba. PORTO BELLO, seaport of N. America, on the N. coast of the isthmus of Darien, hav ing a large commodious harbor, with good an chorage and shelter for ships ; its entrance is narrow, and defended by several forts. It is 70 m. N. of Panama, and 300 W. of Cartha- gena. Lon. 80 45 W. ; lat. 9 33 N. PORTSMOUTH, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 380 FOR POU at the moutli of the Piscataqua, with an exce 1 lent harbor. It is the only seaport in the state and has considerable commerce. Here is a navy-yard of the U. States. The town has 1 churches, a branch of the United States bank 2 insurance-offices, and an athenseum. Two bridg-.es cross the river to Kittery, in Maine In Dec. 1813 a fire destroyed 397 buildings here. It is 24 m. NNE. from Newburyport 56 N. by E. from Boston, and 54 SSW. from Portland. Pop. 8,082. Lat. 43 5 N.; Ion 70 45 W. PORTSMOUTH, t. Newport co. R. I. on N. end of the island of R. I. 7 m. N. from Newport. Pop. 1,727. It is connected with Tiverton by a bridge, and with Bristol by a ferry. In the NW. part of the township there is a coal mine. PORTSMOUTH, t. and cap. Scioto co. Ohio on the E. bank of the Scioto, just above its junction with the Ohio, 45 m. S. from Chilli- cothe, 44 W. from Gallipolis, 421 m. from W. It is advantageously situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, and has some trade. Pop. 1,064. PORTSMOUTH, t. Norfolk co. Va. on the SW. side of Elizabeth river, opposite Norfolk, one mile distant from it, both of which consti tute one port of entry, 110 m. E. by S. from Petersburg, 219 m. from W. It is pleasantly situated, and regularly laid out, anc( contains a court-house, a jail, a sugar refinery, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Ro man Catholics. The courts for the county of Norfolk are held here. PORTSMOUTH, s-p. Carteret co. N. C. on N. end of Core bank, near Ocrecock inlet, chiefly inhabited by fishermen and pilots. PORT LOUIS, French fortress, on the SW. coast of Hispaniola. Lon. 73 16 W.; lat. 18 18 N. PORT ROYAL, s-p. of Jamaica, 6 m. E. of Spanish Town, and as much by water SE. of Kingston. Lon. 76 45 W. ; lat. 18 N. PORT ROYAL, town and fort of the island of Martinico, 21 m. SE. of St. Pierre. Lon. 61 9 W. ; lat. 14 3 N. PORT ROYAL, isl. of S. C lies between Broad river on the W. Whale Sound N. PORT ROYAL, v. and port of Caroline co. Va. on the left bank of Rappahannock, 30 in. below Fredericksburg, and 65 m. NNE. from Richmond. Pop. about 1,700. PORT ROYAL, v. Morgan co. In. about 40 m. SW. from Indianapolis. PORT ROYAL, v. on Red River, Montgo- mery co. Ten. 45 m. WNW. from Nashville. POSEY, co. In. bordering on the Ohio and Wabash. Pop. 6,883. Chief town, Mount Vernon. POST HILL, v. Morgan co. Geo. POST MILL, v. Orange co. Va. 54 m. N. from Montpelier. POTOKA, r. In, which is formed in Orange co. and flows W. through Pike and Gibson cos. and joins the Wabash about 12 m. W. from Princeton. POTOMAC, r. U. S. which rises in two branches, the north and south, originating in and near theAlleghany mountains, and forms, through its whole course, part of the boundary between Virginia and Maryland, and flows into Chesapeake Bay, between Point Lookout and Smith s Point. It is 7 i miles wide at its mouth. This is a fine navigable river for ships of al most any burden for nearly 300 miles, as the tide ebbs and flows in it nearly that distance. Above the tide-water the river has three con siderable falls, those above Georgetown are now passable in boats. Its length above the tide is upwards of 300 miles through an in habited country. Its junction with the She- nandoah at Harper s Ferry is regarded as a great curiosity. See Harper s Ferry. POTOMAC CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac. POTOSI, t. and cap. Washington eo. Mis souri, 45 W. from St. Genevieve, 60 SSW. from St. Louis, 915 m. from W. POTOSI, San Luis, a state of Mexico, bounded S. by Queretaro and Guanaxuato, W. by Zacatecas, N. by New Leon, E. by Tauma- lipas and the Gulf of Mexico, and SE. by Vera Cruz. Length from N. to S. 200 miles, mean width about 95. POTOSI, San Luis, city of Mexico, and seat of government for the state of San Louis Potosi. It is situated on the high table-land of Anahuac, near the source of the river Panu- co, 264 m. NNW. from the city of Mexico, Lat. 22 3 N. ; Ion. from W. 23 25 W. Pop. 15,000. POTSDAM, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 90 m. W. from Plattsburg, 150 NNW. from Al bany. Pop. 3,650. POTTER, co. N. side of Pa. bounded N. by New York, E. by Tioga co. S. by Lycoming co, and W. by M Kean co. Chief town, Cou- dersport POTTERSTOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 5 m. E. from Lebanon. POTTIESVILLE, v. Louisa co. Va. POTTSGROVE, v. Montgomery co. Pa. POTTSVILLE, a flourishing t. in Schuyl- kill co. Pa. which has, within a few years, grown from a solitary house to a very con siderable borough. It is situated on one of the head branches of the Schuylkill river, near the termination of the canal. The sudden rise, and rapid increase, of this place, have been owing to the immense quantities of coal found in the vicinity, and to the location of the canal, which terminates here, and renders this place a considerable depot for merchandise destined or the north and west. Pop. 2,464. POUGHKEEPSIE, t. and cap. Dutchess co. N.Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, 75 m. N. of New York, 85 S. of Albany, 301 from W. The town ship is 10 m. in length from N.toS. and about 3 from E. to W. and has 5 landings with extent sive store-houses, wharves, &c. The village of Poughkeepsie is situated on a plain about a mile E. of the Hudson, and contains a court- louse, a jail, a bank, an academy, several houses of public Worship, and 7,222 inhab- tants. POULTNEY, t. Rutland co. Vt, 56 m, N, t POU-PRI 381 from Bennington. Pop. 1,909. It is a con siderable town, is watered by Poultney river, and borders on Hampton, N. Y. POUNDRIDGE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 5 m. SE. from Bedford. Pop. 1,437. POWELL S CREEK, r. Va. which runs into James river, Ion. 77 21 W. ; lat. 37 13 N. POWELL S CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Susquehannah, 20 m. above Harrisburg. POWELL S POINT, cape, Va. in James river. Lon. 86 24 W. ; lat. 37 2 N. POWELL S RIVER, r. which rises from Powell s mountain in Virginia, passes into Tennessee, and joins Clinch river 38 m. NE. from Knoxville. It is said to be navigable for boats nearly 100 miles. POWELLTON, v. Hancock co. Geo. 14 m. N. from Sparta. It contains a flourishing academy, and 3 churches. POWHATAN, co. Va. bounded N. by James river, E. by Chesterfield co. S. by the Appoma- tox, and W. by Cumberland co. Pop. 8,517. Chief town, Scottsville. POWNAL, t. Bennington co. Vt. 8 m. S. from Bennington. Pop. 1,835. It is a valuable agricultural town, watered by Hoosac river, and borders on Hoosac, N. Y. and Williams- town, Mass. Mount Anthony is partly in this town, and partly in Bennington. POWNAL, t. Cumberland co. Me. 18 m. NE. from Portland, 133 NNE. from Boston. TOWOW, r. which rises in Kingston, N. H. and runs into the Merrimack, W. of Salisbury, in Mass. PRAIRIE, t. in the western limits of Frank lin co. Ohio. Pop. 193. PRAIRIE CREEK, v. Vigo co. In. 95 m. SW. by W. from Indianapolis. PRAIRIE DU CHIEN, v. on the left bank of the Mississippi river, cap. of Crawford co. Michigan, above the mouth of Ouisconsin river. It is an ancient settlement made by French traders. The U. S. Fort Crawford stands in this settlement. PRAIRIE DU ROCHE, v. Randolph co. II. It is the same village named often Prairie du Rocher. v PRAIRIE MOUND, v. Lillard co. Miso. PRATTSBURG, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 2,399. PRALLSVILLE, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. PRATTSVILLE, v. Alleghany co. Md. on the road from Hancockstown to Cumberland, and nearly midway between those two places, and by postroad 115m. NW. from W. PREBLE, t. Cortlandt co. N.Y. 8 m. N. from Homer, 150 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,435. PREBLE, co. W. part of Ohio. Pop. 16,291. Chief town, Eaton. PRESCOTT, v. U. C. on the St. Lawrence, nearly opposite Ogdensburg. PRESCOTT, v. Hampshire co. Mass. 76 m. westerly from Boston. PRESQUE ISLE, a peninsula, on S. side of Lake Erie. It is 7 m. long, and from to li broad. It is a heap of desert sand, thrown up by the surf of the lake. PRESSLEY S, v. Abbeville district, S. C. PRESSLEY S CREEK, r. Va. which run into the Potomac. PRESTON, t. New London co. Ct. on the E. side of the river Thames, 15 m. above New London. Pop. 1,935. PRESTON, t. New London co. Ct. on E. side of the Quinebaug, 6 m, E. from Norwich. PRESTON, t. Chenango co. N.Y. 5 m. N. from Norwich, 115 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,213. PRESTON, co. Va. bounded by Monongalia co. N. Alleghany co. Md. E. Randolph co. Va. S. and Harrison co. W. Length 26 m. mean width 16. Pop. in 1820, 3,428 ; in 1830, 5099 ; blacks, 152. Chief town, Kingwood. PRESTON HILLS, in N. H. extending from Cockburn to the White Mountains. PRESTONSBURG, v. and seat of justice, Floyd co. Ken. on the west branch of Big Sandy river, 209 m. SE. by E. from Frankfort. Pop. 81. PRESTON S CREEK, or Wood Creek, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio. PRESTONVILLE, v. Rhea co. Ten. 140 m. a little S. of E. from Murfreesborough. PRESTONVILLE, t. Gallatin co. Ken PRESUMSCUT, r. Me. which flows from Sebacook Lake into Casco Bay, NE. of Port- land. PRE WITT S KNOB, v. Barren co. Ken 144 m. SSW. from Frankfort. PRICE S TAVERN, t. Louisa co. Va. 60 m. NW. from Richmond. PRICIS, t. St. Charles district, Miso. PRIESTFORD, v. Harford co. Md. PRINCE S BAY, on the S. coast of Staten Island, N.Y. PRINCE EDWARD, co. of U. C. occupy- ing a peninsula between Lake Ontario and the Bay of Quinte. PRINCE EDWARD, co. Va. bounded by Lunenburg SE. Charlotte S. and SW. Buck ingham NW. Cumberland, or Appomatox river N. Amelia NE. and Nottaway E. Length 25 m. mean width 10. Pop. in 1820, 12,577 ; in 1830, 14,107 ; slaves, 8,593. PRINCE EDWARD, C. H. and t. Prince Edward co. Va. PRINCE FREDERICK, t. Culvert co. Md, 40 m. SW. from Annapolis. PRINCE FREDERICK,a parish of George, town district, S. C. PRINCE GEORGE, co. Md. bounded NE, by Ann-Arundel co. E. by Calvert co. S. by Charles co. W. by the Potomac, and NW. by the District of Columbia and Montgomery co. Pop. 20,473. Chief town, Upper Marlborough. PRINCE GEORGE, co. Va. bounded N. by James river, SSE. by Surrey and Sussex cos. W. by Dinwiddie co. and NW. by Chester field co. Pop. 8,368. Chief town, City Point. PRINCE ROYAL ISLANDS, a group of islands on the W. side of N. America, E. of Queen Charlotte s Islands, with a navigable channel between. PRINCESS ANNE, co. SE. corner of Va. bounded N. by Chesapeake Bay, E. by the At lantic, S. by N. Carolina, and W. by Norfolk co. Pop. 9,102. Chief town, Kempfiville, 383 PRI PRO PRINCESS ANNE, t. and cap. Somerse co. Md. at the head of the Manokin, 20 m. W from Snowhill, 153 m. SE. from W. It con tains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy and Episcopal church, and has some manufac tures and trade. PRINCETON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 1 m. NNW. from Worcester, 52 W. by N. from Boston. Pop. 1,345. It is a valuable town ship. Wachusett mountain is situated 2 m N. of the meeting-house. It may be seen a the distance of 67 m. and according to the ad measurement of Dr. Winthrop it is 3,012 fee above the level of the sea. PRINCETON, t. N. J. partly in Middlesex and partly in Somerset cos. 10 m. NE. from Trenton, 16 SW. from New Brunswick, 40 NE. from Philadelphia, 49 SW. from N. York Lon. 74 35 W. ; lat. 40 22 N. It is a pleas ant town, and contains a College, a Theologi cal Seminary, a brick Presbyterian church and upwards of 200 dwelling-houses. The College at this place was founded in 1746, Elizabethtown ; the next year it was removec to Newark, and a royal charter was granted to it in 1748, by the title of the College of New Jersey, which is its corporate name at present It remained at Newark 10 years, and in 1757 was permanently established at Princeton. Its situation is pleasant and peculiarly healthful and it has long been one of the most respecta. ble seminaries in the U. States. The college edifice is called Nassau Hall. It is 1 75 feet in length by 50 deep, and 4 stories high. Beside a chapel 40 feet square, there are 2 other larg buildings attached to the College, which con tain philosophical apparatus, museum, recita tion rooms, &c. These buildings are all of stone. The number of students ranges from 75 to 150. The total number of those who have graduated ut this college from its com mencement to 1830 was 1,913. Commence ment is held on the last Wednesday in Sep. tember. There are 2 vacations: the 1st, frorc commencement, 6 weeks; the 2d, from the first Thursday after the second Tuesday in April, 4 weeks. The Theological Seminary was established at this place in 1812. It is under the direction of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church in the U. States, and has 2 professors, one of didactic and polemic theology, and one of ecclesiastical history and church government. PRINCETON, t. Schenectady co. N. Y. 7 m. W. Schenectady. Pop. 819. PRINCETON, t. Caldwell co. Ken. PRINCETON, v. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. E. from Hamilton. Pop. 33. PRINCETON, t. Gibson co. In. 35 m. S. from Vincennes. It is a flourishing town. PRINCE OF WALES, Cape, the NW. ex tremity of the American continent, opposite East Cape, on the shore of Asia. Lon. 191 45 E. ; lat. 65 46 N. PRINCE OF WALES FORT, N. Ameri ca, on Churchill river, belonging to the Hud son Bay Company. Lon. 94 7 W. ; lat. 58 PRINCE WILLIAM, co. NE. part of Va bounded NNE. by Loudon and Fairfax cos. E. by the Potomac, S. by Stafford co. and SW. by Fauquier co. Pop. 9,330. Chief town, Brentsville. PRINCE WILLIAM, t. York co. New Brunswick, on the W. side of the river St. John. PRINCE WILLIAM S SOUND, a great inlet of the Pacific ocean, on the N. American coast, which occupies a degree and a hajf of latitude, and two of longitude. It requires the greatest circumspection to navigate it, on ac count of the rocks and shoals. Lon. 147 W. lat. 59 30 to 61 N. PROCTOR S CREEK, r. Va. which runs into James river. PROSPECT, t. Waldo co. Me. on W. side of the Penobscot, at its entrance into Penob- scot Bay, 15 m. NNW. from Castine, 227 NE. from Boston. Pop. 2,381. It has an excellent harbor, with water sufficiently deep for the largest ships of war. PROSPECT, t. Prince Edward co. Va. PROSPECT, New, v. Bergen co. N. J. PROSPECT HILL, v. Fairfax co. Va. 15 m. W. from W. PROSPECT HILL, v. Renssellaer co. N. Y. 23 m. from Albany. PROSPECT HILL, v. Caswell co. N. C. 88 m. NW. from Raleigh. PROVIDENCE, one of the least of the Ba hama Islands, but the best of those planted by the English. It lies 200 m. E. of Florida. Lon. 77 1 W. ; lat. 24 50 N. PROVIDENCE, North, t. Providence co. R. I. on the W. side of the Pawtucket. Pop. 3,503. It lies on N. side of Providence, and contains several cotton manufactories, 2 banks v and an air-furnace. Pawtucket village is in this township. PROVIDENCE, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 20 m. N. from Schenectady, 34 NNW. from Alba- ny. Pop. 1,579. PROVIDENCE, t. Mecklenburg co. N. C. PROVIDENCE, New, t. Essex co. N. J. Pop. 910. PROVIDENCE, co. R. I. bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts, S. by Kent co. and W. by Connecticut. Pop. 47,014. PROVIDENCE, t. port of entry, and me- tropolis of R. Island, in a county of the same name, 15 m. NNW. from Bristol, 30 N. by W rom Newport, 40 SSW. from Boston, 59 NE. from New London, 65 E. from Hartford, 394 from W. Lon. 71 10 W.; lat. 41 51 N. Pop. 16,832. It is situated on both sides of Providence river, just above the mouth of the Pawtucket, and 35 m. from the ocean. It is a pleasant, well-built, and very thriving town, well situated for trade, and has a flourishing commerce, and extensive manufactures. It assesses a fine harbor for ships of almost any mrden, and its commerce is rapidly increas- ng, its shipping amounting to 25,000 tons. It xmtains 15 or 16 public buildings, among which the buildings of Brown University, and he Arcade, a magnificent structure, are the nost conspicuous. It has 12 churches for the lifferent denominations. Two of the Congre- PRO PUT 383 gational churches, and a Baptist and Episco palian church, are remarkable for their beauty. Here are 11 banks, including an office of dis count and deposit of the U. S. bank. The nu merous and respectable manufactories of the city and Pawtucket are what has given this city its impulse towards prosperity. Few towns have increased more rapidly within the last ten years. Another element of this in crease has been its connexion with the inte rior of Massachusetts by the Blackstone canal. Brown University is a respectable and flour ishing institution : its libraries contain 12,100 volumes. There are 2 college edifices, one 150 by 46 feet, and 4 stories high, with wings ; and the other 120 by 40 feet. The position of these buildings, on a noble elevation, is charming. The government of the University is composed of 36 trustees, of whom the presi dent and 21 others must be Baptists. The other members of the board are shared among the different denominations, of whom 5 must be Friends. The Friends Boarding School in this city is a most excellent institution. Every aspect of this handsome and thriving town indicates active and successful enterprise. PROVIDENCE RIVER, r. R. I. formed by Wanasquiatucket and Moshasick, which unite just above Providence. It flows into Narraganset Bay, at Bullock s Point, 5 or 6 m. below Providence. PROVINCE, t. Clarke co. In. 7 m. from the Ohio, and 23 above the rapids. PROVINCE ISLAND, fertile island in the river Delaware, 6 m. below Philadelphia. PROVINCETOWN,t. Barnstable co. Mass. near Cape Cod, 44 m. NE. from Barnstable, 116 SE. from Boston. Pop. 1,710. It is situ ated on the hook of Cape Cod, 3 m. SE. from Race Point. The harbor, which is one of the best in the state, opens to the southward, and has sufficient depth of water for ships of any size. The houses are of one story, and in order to prevent their being buried in the sand, they are set on piles, that the driving sands may pass under them. PROWELLSVILLE, v. York co. Pa. 7 m. S. from Harrisburg. PRUDENCE, isl. in Narraganset Bay, be- longing to Portsmouth, R. I. 6 m. long ; 2 m. SW. from Bristol. PRUNTYTOWN, t. Harrison co. Va. PUEBLA, a state of Mexico, bounded by the Pacific Ocean S. Mexico W. QueretaroNW. Vera Cruz NE. and Oaxaca E. and SE. ; length 350 m. breadth 53. A great portion of Puebla is a lofty plain and highly productive in grain and fruits. In this region is concentrated the principal part of the population, which is com puted to be 1,300,000, one million of which exist upon 10,000 sq. ms. PUEBLA, city of Mexico, and capital of the state of the same name. It is the 4th city of Spanish America, and is only exceeded by Mexico, Guanaxuato, and Havana. Pop. about 100,000. Lat. 19 N. ; Ion. 21 W. It is 87 m. SE. by E. from Mexico, and 160 m. WNW. from Vera Cruz. PUGET S ISLAND, narrow isl. about 5 m. n length, in Columbia river, about 24 m. from its mouth. PUGHTOWN, v. Chester co. Pa. PUGHTOWN, v. Frederick co. Va. 79 m from W. PULASKI, co. Geo. bounded by Telfair SE. Houston SW. Monroe NW. Twiggs N. and Laurens NE. Length 35 m. mean width 14. Little Oakmulgee river rises in the NE. angle, and traverses the entire length of this county Pop. in 1820, 5,223; in 1830, 4,899. Chief town, Hartford. PULASKI, co. Ken. bounded by Cumber land river, or Wayne S. Adair W. Casey and Lincoln NW. Rockcastle NE. and Rockcastle river, or White E. Length 35 m. mean width 23. Pop. in 1820, 7,597; in 1830, 9,522. Chief town, Somerset. PULASKI, v. and seat of justice, Giles co. Ten. on Richland branch of Elk river, 45 m. NW. from Huntsville, 80 S. from Nashville. PULASKI, co. Ark. on the Cadron, about 300 m. above Arkiopolis. Pop. 2,395. Chief town, Little Rock. PULTAWATAMIES, Indians, on the river St. Joseph, S. of Lake Michigan. No. 1,200. PULTNEY, t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the W. side of Crooked Lake, 11 m. N. from Bath, 230 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,730. PULTNEY, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,548. PULTNEYVILLE, v. in Williamson, N. Y PUNCH HALL, v. Caroline co. Md. PUNGOTEAGUE, v. Accomac co. Va. PUNXETAWNY, v. Jefferson co. Pa. on Mahoning creek, 70 m. NE. from Pittsburg, and 35 NE. by E. from Kittanning. PUT-IN-BAY, bay, formed by the island of Edwards in SW. part of Lake Erie, 10 m. WNW. from Sandusky Bay. It affords the best harbor on the lake. PUTNAM, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Dutch. ess co. E. by Connecticut, S. by Westchester co. and W. by the Hudson river. Pop. 12,701.. Chief town, Carmel. PUTNAM, v. Muskingum co. Ohio, oppo site Zanesville, with which it is connected by a handsome bridge. Pop. 758. It is a flour- ishing town, and contains an academy, and some mills. A number of the dwelling-houses are handsomely built of brick. The academy is a brick building of two stories. PUTNAM, t. Washington co. N. Y. 28 m, N. from Sandy Hill. Pop. 718. It lies on Lake Champlain. PUTNAM, co. Ohio, bounded by Henry N. Hancock E. Allen S. and Vanwert and Paul- ding W. It is 24 m. square. Pop. 230. Chief town, Sugar Grove. It is watered by the Hog and Blanchard s rivers. Surface, generally level. PUTNAM, co. Geo. bounded by the Oconee river, or Hancock SE. Baldwin and Jones S. Jasper W. Morgan N. and Oconee river, or Greene NE. Length 20 m. mean width 18. Pop. in 1820, 15,475 ; in 1830, 13,656. Chief town, Eatonton. PUTNEY, t. Windham co. Vt. on the Con- 384 PYA RAO necticut, 33 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,510. It is a pleasant and flourishing town. PYAMATUNING, t. Mercer co. Pa, Q. QUACHA, lake, Louisiana, 7 m. W. from New Orleans. QUAKAKE, creek in Northampton co. Pa. one of the branches of the Lehigh river. QUAKER HILL, v. in Pawling, N. Y. QUAKERTOWN, t. Bucks co. Pa. 33 m. NNW. from Philadelphia. QU ANTICO, r. Prince William co. Va. runs into the Potomac, 4 m. below Dumfries. QUANTICO MILLS, v. Somerset co. Md. QUARLESVILLE, v. Brunswick co. Va. QUEBEC, city, and cap. of British America, on the N. bank of the St. Lawrence, near the mouth of the St. Charles, 350 m. from the sea. Pop. about 21,000. It is naturally divided into the upper and lower town. The upper town is built on a high rock, 340 feet above the lower. Its position, with its fortifications, ren ders it the strongest military fortress in the country. The French parish church, college, barracks, castle of St. Louis, and Ursuline con vent, are among the principal buildings that arrest the attention of the stranger. The basin or harbor is very spacious, with a depth of 28 fathoms. The commercial relations are ex tensive and increasing. QUEECHY, r. Vt. rises in Sherburne, and runs into the Connecticut, N. of Hartland. QUEEN ANN, co. Md. bounded N. by Kent co. E. by Delaware, SE. by Caroline co. S. by Talbot co. and W. by Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 14,396. Chief town, Centreville. QUEEN ANN, t. Prince George co. Md. on the Patuxent, 10 m. SW. from Annapolis. QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, group of islands in the N. Pacific, explored by captain Carteret in 1767. The most considerable he natned Egmont, but the Spaniards call it Santa Cruz. It is 60 m. long, and from 20 to 30 broad, woody and mountainous, with many valleys intermixed. The inhabitants are very nimble, vigorous, and active, and their weapons are bows and arrows pointed with flint. On the N. side is a harbor named Swallow Bay. Lon. 164 26 E.; lat. 10 42 S. QUEENS, co. Nova Scotia, on the Bay of Fundy. QUEENS, co. New Brunswick, on both sides of St John s river. Chief town, Gagetown. QUEENSBOROUGH, v. Pendleton district, 130 m. NW. from Columbia. QUEENSBOROUGH, small village in Tus- carawas co. Ohioj 13 m. E. by N. from New Philadelphia. Pop. 20. QUEENSBUR Y, t. Warren co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 56 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 3,080. QUEEN S COUNTY, co. N. Y. in W. part of Long Island, bounded N. by Long Island Sound, E. by Suffolk co. S. by the Atlantic, and W. by King s co. Pop. 2276. Chief town, North Hempstcad; QUEEN S CREEK, r. N.C. runs into the Atlantic. Lon. 77 28 W. ; lat. 34 37 N. QUEENSDALE, v. Robeson co. N.C. QUEENSTOWN, U.C. situated upon ia* Niagara river, about 7 m. above Newark. Pop, 400. It is at the head of the navigation for ships, and the portage, occasioned by the Falls of Niagara, which commences here/ Here w a large number of huts, sufficient to quarter a regiment. QUEENSTOWN, t. Queen Ann s co. Md. E. from Chesapeake Bay, and 24 m. NNW. from Easton. QUEMAHONING, t, Somerset co. Pa. QUERETARO, city of Mexico, and capital of the state of the same name, 95 m. NW. from the city of Mexico. Lat. 20 36 N. ; Ion. from W. 23 11 W. Pop. 45,000. It is the most extensive manufacturing city of Spanish America QUERETARO, state of Mexico, bounded S. by Mexico, W. by Guanaxuato, N. by Saa Luis Potosi, NE. by Vera Cruz, and SE. by Puebla. Length from E. to W. 160 m. mean breadth about 56 ; area 13,482 sq. ms. Pop. nearly 800,000. Queretaro lies between lal 20 and 21 50 N. QUIBLETOWN, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 6 m. N. from New Brunswick. QUICKSAND, r. N.A. runs N. into the Columbia, nearly opposite to Seal river. QUICOURRE, r. La. which runs into th Missouri, 1,000 m. from the Mississippi. QUINCEY, v. Morgan co. II, QUINCEY, v. Adams co, IL QUINCY, t, Norfolk co. Mass. 9 m. SE. from Boston, Pop. 2,192. Here is a quarry of excellent granite, much used for building in Boston and the neighborhood. The Quincy Rail-road extends from this place to Neponset river. It is 3 m. in length, with a single track, It was constructed in 1826, and was the first undertaking of the kind in America This is- a pleasant town, and is remarkable for having been the birth-place of two Presidents of the U. States, John Adams, and John Quincy Ad ams. It is at present (1832) the residence of the latter. QUINSIGAMOND, or Long Pond, kke, Mass, between Worcester and Shrewsbury. It is a beautiful sheet of water, about 5 m. in length, and from 60 to 100 rods in breadth, and contains a number of small islands. QUINTE, a bay and harbor in the NE. part of Lake Ontario, a little to the W. of Kings ton, 50 m. long, and from 6 to 12 broad. R. RABUN, NW. co. Geo. between Chessatee and Catahooche rivers, having Habersham E. and Hall SE, This is the NW. co. of only that part of Georgia, reclaimed from the In dians, but is situated near 100 m. E. from the actual N W. angle of Georgia, on Tennessee r. Pop. 2,175. Chief town, Clayton. RACCOON, t. Gallia co. Ohio. RACCOON, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of S. Carolina, 9 m. long, and 1 wide. Lon. 79 22 W. ; lat. 33 3 N. RACCOON CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 6 m. below Galiipoliii. Along the borders of this stream, in Athens co. a?e RAG RAN 385 extensive quarries of stone, from which burr mill-stones of excellent quality are manufac tured. Length 50 m. RACCOON CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Ohio. Lon. 80 25 W. ; lat. 40 38 N. RACCOON ISLAND, small isl. in Ossabaw Sound, belonging to Georgia. Lon. 81 12 W. ; lat. 31 47 N. RACCOON KEYS, cluster of small islands near the coast of S. C. Lon. 79 15 W. ; lat. 24 8 N. RACE POINT, cape, on the coast of Mass. W. of Cape Cod. Lon. 70 12 W. ; lat. 42 4 N. RACK, Lower, small isl. near the coast of Va. Lon. 75 50 W. ; lat. 37 20 N. RACK, Upper, small isl. near the coast of Va. Lon. 75 45 W. ; lat. 37 26 N. RACKET, r. N. Y. rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows N. into the St. Law rence, 2 m. above St. Regis. RACKETON, v. in Louisville, N. Y. at the head of batteau navigation on Racket river, 20 rn. from its confluence with the St. Lawrence, 25 m. E. from Ogdensburg. RAHWAY, t. Essex co. N. J. 5 m. SW. from Elizabethtown. Pop. 1,983. RAHWAY, small river or creek of Essex and Middlesex cos. N. J. falls into Staten Island Sound, 4 m. from Newark Bay. RAINY LAKE, lake, N. America, divided by an isthmus near the middle, into two parts The W. part is called the Great Rainy Lake the E. the Little Rainy Lake, being the least division. The broadest part of it is not more than 20 m. ; its length, including both, aboul 300 m. In the W. part the water is very clear md good, and some excellent fish are taken in t. A great many fowls resort here in the fall, Moose deer are to be found in great plenty. ind likewise the Carraboo, whose skin is high- y valued as a material for the fabrication of oreeches and gloves. RAINY RIVER, r. II. which rises near the W. border of Indiana, flows WNVV. and joins the Illinois. RAISIN, r. Michigan Territory, flows into the W. end of Lake Erie. RAISIN, r. Michigan Territory, flows into Lake Michigan, 16 m. N. from Barbice. It lerives its name from the great quantities of rapes found on its banks. RAISIN ISLES, in Lake St. Francis, U.C ie between the mouth of the river aux Raisins nd the point of that name ; they are smal >nd rocky. RAISINS, Riviere Aux, runs through th( ownships of Osnabruck, Cornwall, and Char ottenburg, emptying itself into Lake St. Fran us, near the SE. angle of the latter, in Corn /vail co. U. C. RALEIGH, metropolis of N. C. in Wake co 10 m. from Wake court-house, 27 NW. fron Bmithfield, the nearest point of navigation, 5 S. from Warrenton, 60 N. from Fayetteville 164 SSW. from Richmond, and 270 from W Lon. 78 48 W. ; lat. 35 47 N. Pop. 1,700 It contains a state-house, a court-house, a jai a governor s house, a market -house, a theatre 2Y state bank, and a branch of another, 2 cadernies, 1 for males and 1 for females, 2 hurches, and 3 or 4 printing-offices. The ite is a pleasant and elevated one. Union Square, containing 10 acres, occupies the cen- re of the town. From the sides of this square xtend 4 streets, each 99 feet wide, which di- ide the town into 4 quarters. The state- touse stands in the centre of Union Square, and is a superb edifice of brick. RALEIGH, v. Union co. Ken. on the Ohio iver, 3 m. below the mouth of Wabash, and by water above Shawneetown. RAM AH, v. Wilkinson co. Geo. 33 m. south- wardly from Milledgeville. RAMAPAUGH, small river, Bergen co. S". J. rises in N. Y. in Rockland co. flows S. into N. J. and joins Long Point and Pequanock rivers at Pompton, to form Pompton riven RAMAPAUGH, iron works, and p-t Rock- and co. N. Y. on Ramapaugh river, 35 m. nearly N. from the city of New York. RAMAPO, or Ringwood, r. in N. Y. and N". J. a branch of the Passaic. Length 23 m. RAMAPO WORKS, v. in Hempstead, N. Y. on Ramapo river, 40 m. N. from N. Y This is a considerable village, containing ex tensive iron works, and some mills. RAM ISLAND, isl. in Long Island Sound, near Southold on Long Island, RAMSEY S FERRY, v. Livingston eo. Ken. RANDALLSTOWN, v. Baltimore co. Md. 42 m. from W. RANDALLSVILLE, v. Robeson co. N. C. 88 m. SSW. from Raleigh. RANDOLPH, t. Orange co. Vt. 12 m. WSW. from Chelsea, 23 S. from Montpelier, 38 N. from Windsor. Pop. 2,743. This is a aluable agricultural town, and has a village containing an academy, and a Congregational meeting-house. There is an extensive bed of iron ore in this town. It is watered by the branches of White river, and has valuable mills and iron works. RANDOLPH, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S. from Boston. Pop. 2,200. RANDOLPH, t. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1 443. RANDOLPH, t. Coos co. N. H. Pop. 143. RANDOLPH, co. NW. part of Va. bound ed N. by Monongalia co. E. and SE. by Pen- dleton co. SW. by Greenbrier and Kenhawa cos. and W. by Harrison co. It is watered by the head waters of the Monongahela. Pop. 5,000, of whom 374 are colored. Chief town, Beverly. RANDOLPH, co. N. C. bounded by Moore SE. Montgomery S. Rowan W Guilford N. and Chatham E. It is 36 m. square. It is drained by Deep river; and by White and Uwharee, branches of Yadkin river. Its east ern borders are about 55 m. W. from Raleigh. Pop. in 1820, 11,325 ; in 1830, 12,400. Chief town, Ashborough. RANDOLPH, one of the southern towns of Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 688. RANDOLPH, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, Pop. 1,458. 386 RAN RED RANDOLPH, co. In. bounded by the state of Ohio E. Wayne co. in In. S. by Henry and Delaware W. and the Indian country on the N. Length along" Ohio 36 m. mean width 15, area 540 sq. m. Mississiniwa branch of Wa- bash, and White river branch of Miami, rise in this co. Chief town, Winchester. Pop. in 1820, 1,808; in 1830,3,312. RANDOLPH, co. II. bounded by the Mis sissippi river SW. Monroe co W. St. Clair and Washington N. Jefferson and Franklin E. and Tackson SE. Length 54 in. mean width 16. Kaskaskias river passes through, and enters the Mississippi in, this co. Chief town, Kas kaskias. Pop. in 1820, 3,492 ; in 1830, 4,436. RANDOM, t. Essex co. Vt. 58 in. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 105. RANSOM S BRIDGE, v. Halifax co. N. C. RAPID ANN, r. Va. rises in the Blue Ridge, in Madison and Orange cos. between which, the main branch by the name of Con- way river, flows SE. to the SE. Mountain; turns thence NE. between Madison and Or ange, and between Orange and Culpeper, and afterwards between Culpeper and Spottsylva- nia, and joins the Rappahsnnock 10 m. above Fredericksburg. RAPIDES, parish, La. bounded by Opelou- sas S. Natchitoches W. and NW. Washita and Ocatahoola N. Concordia E. and Avoyelles SE. Length 55 m. mean width 43. The surface considerably varied. Chief town, Alexandria. Pop. in 1820, 6,065; in 1830, 7,559. RAPID PLAT, in the river St. Lawrence, in front of the t. of Matilda, containing about 200 acres. The soil is good, and lies partly in front of the t. of Williamsburg, U. C. RAPPAHANNOCK, navigable river, Va. which rises in the Blue Ridge, and runs ESE. about 130 m. and flows into the Chesapeake 25 m. S. of the Potomac. It is navigable for vessels of 130 or 140 tons to Fredericksburg, 110 m. from its mouth. RARITAN, r. N. J. formed by 2 branches, which unite about 20 m. above New Bruns wick. Its general course is S. of E. It is a remarkably crooked stream, as well as nar row, but so deep that it is navigable for heavy sloops and steam-boats to New Brunswick, 17 m. from Raritan Bay, through which it com municates with the Atlantic, south of Staten Island. RARITAN, bay of N. Y. and N. J. opens in a triangular form between the mouths of Raritan and .Hudson rivers. RATTLESNAKE ISLANDS, cluster of small islands at W. extremity of Lake Erie. RATTLESNAKE MOUNTAIN, mt. Mass, in N. part of t Stockbridge, about 1,000 feet RATTLESNAKE FORK, a branch of Paint Creek, Ohio. RAVENNA, t. and cap. Portage co. Ohio, on the Cuyahoga, 25 m. N. from Canton, 35 SE. from Cleveland, 320 from W. Lat. 41 11 N. It contains the county buildings, and a wool- hn manufactory, which is situated on the wa- ter of the Cuyahoga. Pop. 806. RAYMOND, t. Rockingham co. N. H. Pop 1,000. RAYNHAM, t. Bristol co. Mass, on Taun- ton river, 3 m E. from Taunton, 32 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,209. Large quantities of ex cellent iron ore are found in this town ; and considerable quantities of bar iron, hollow ware, nails, shovels, &,c. are manufactured here. The first forge in America was set up in this town, by James and Henry Leonard, natives of England, in 1652. READFIELD, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 12 m. W. from Augusta, 165 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,884. READING, t. Windsor co. Vt. 12 m. W from Windsor. Pop. 1,409. READING, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 11 m. WSW. from Salem, 12 N. from Boston. Pop. 1,806. This town is noted for its extensive manufactories of shoes. READING, South, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 11 rn. N. from Boston. It was formed from a part of Reading in 1812, and contains 1,310 inhabitants. READING, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 15 in. NNW. from Fairfield. Pop. 1,709. READING, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 23 m. NE. from Bath. Pop, 1,568. It lies on W. side of Seneca Lake. READING, bor. and cap. Berks co. Pa. on the Schuylkill, 54 rn. NW. from Philadelphia, 143 from W. Pop. 5,859. It is a very pleas ant and flourishing town, and contains a court house, a jail, 2 banks, a large edifice for the public offices, and 5 or 6 churches, for Luther ans, Calvinists, Roman Catholics, and Friends. It contains many eJegant houses, is surround ed by fine scenery, and has, in its vicinity, many valuable mill-seats. Its inhabitants are principally Germans, and their descendants It is remarkable for the manufacture of hats. Near the town there is a large and remarka ble spring of pure water. READING, t. Butler co. Ohio. READING, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 8 m. N, from Cincinnati. Pop. 200. READING, t. Perry co. Ohio. READINGTON, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 11 m. SE. from Lebanon. Pop. 2,102. READSBOROIJGH, t. Clearfield co. Pa. READYVILLE, t. Rutherford co. Ten. REAMSTOWN, t. Lancaster co, Pa. 16m. NE. from Lancaster. RED BANK, fort, Gloucester co. N. J. on the Delaware, 9 m. S. from Philadelphia, RED BANK, v. Colleton district, S. C. REDBANK, t. Armstrong co. Pa. RED BLUFF, v. Claiborne co. Miss. REDFIELD, t. Oswego co. N.Y. 35 m. NNW. from Rome, 148 NW. from Albany. Pop. 341. RED HOOK, v. in Rhinebeck, N. Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, 47 m. S. from Albany. RED HOUSE, v. Caswell co. N. C. RED LAKE, lake, N. America. This is comparatively a small lake, at the head of a branch of the Red river; its form is nearly round, and about 60 miles in circumference. RED-RHI 387 On one side of it is a tolerably large island, close by which a small river enters. It is al most SE. from Lake Winnipeg, and SW. from the Lake of the Woods. Lon. 95 10 W. ; lat. 47 40 N. RED LICK, salt spring in the state of Ken. 32 m. E. from Stamford. RED SHOAL, v. Stokes co. N. C. REDSTONE, t. Fayette co. Pa. RED RIVER, r. which rises in Kentucky, and runs into the Cumberland in Tennessee, a little below Clarkesville. RED RIVER, r. Kentucky, which runs W. into the Kentucky, 9 miles above Boons bo rough. RED RIVER, one of the most considerable tributaries of the Mississippi, and the first from its mouth of any importance, which it receives on the W. about 400 miles above New Orleans. It takes its rise in a chain of hills near Santa Fe, in New Mexico, called, we know not by what authority, the Caous Mountains. In its upper courses it receives Blue river, and False Washita. It winds through a region of prai ries, on which feed droves of buffaloes, cattle, and wild horses. In these regions it receives a great many considerable tributaries, the names of which have not yet been given. Through the greater part of its course, Red river winds through immense prairies of a red soil covered with grass, and vines that bear de licious grapes. On its banks is the favorite range jf the buffalo, and other game, peculiar to the vast western ocean of prairies. About thirty leagues above Natchitoches, commences the Raft, which is nothing more than a broad swampy expansion of the alluvion of the river to the width of 20 or 30 miles. The river, spreading here into a vast number of channels, frequently shallow, of course, has been for ages clogging with a compact mass of timber, and fallen trees, wafted from the upper regions. Between these masses the river has a channel, sometimes lost in a lake, and found by follow ing the outlet of that lake back to the parent channel. There is no stage of the water, in which a keel-boat, with an experienced pilot, may not make its way through the raft. We have seen a considerable steam-boat, which was built above the raft, and floated through it m an unfinished state. The river is blocked up by this immense mass of timber for a length, by its meanders, of between 60 and 70 miles. There are places where the water can be seen in motion under the logs. In other places, the whole width of the river may be crossed on horseback, and boats only make their way, in passing these places, by following the inlet of a lake, and coasting it to its outlet, and thus finding the channel again. Weeds, flowering shrubs, and small willows, have taken root upon the surface of this timber, and flourish above the waters. But in all these places the courses of the river, its outline, and its bends, are distinctly marked by a margin of forest trees, whk;h grow here on the banks in the same manner as they do where the channel is open. It is an impediment of incalculable in jury to the navigation of this noble river, and the immense extent of fine country above it. There is, probably, no part of the United States where the unoccupied lands have higher claims, from soil, climate, intermixture of prairies and timbered lands, position, and every inducement to population, than the country between the Raft and Kimichie. This country would be settled with greater rapidity, were it not for the obstruction which this raft opposes to the navigation of the river. The state has made an eifort to have it removed. Accurate sur veys of it have been made, and the general government has made an appropriation for this purpose. The river above the raft becomes broad, deep, and navigable for steam-boats in moderate stages of the water, 1,000 miles to wards the mountains. Below the raft, as we have remarked, the river divides itself into many channels, and fills such a number of bayous and lakes, that lie parallel to the river, that the bare enumeration of their names would carry us beyond our limits. REEDSBOROUGH, t. Bennington co. Vt. 15 m. SE. from Bennington. REEDY CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into the Atlantic, Ion. 74 16 W. ; lat. 39 55 N. REEDY ISLAND, isl. in the river Dela ware, 20 m. from Bombay Hook, and 50 below Philadelphia ; 3 m. long, and \ broad. REEL FOOT, i . Ten. which runs into the Mississippi, about 35 m. S. of the Ohio. REESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Pa. 3 m. a little W. of S. and on the opposite side of Schuylkill river from Norristown, and 16 NW. from Philadelphia. REHOBOTH, t. Bristol co. Mass, on E. side of the Seekhonk, 15 m. WSW. from Taun- ton, 37 SW. from Boston. Pop. 2,468. REHOBOTH BAY, of the Atlantic Ocean, belonging to Sussex co. Del. It has the same inlet with Indian river. REHRERSBURG, or Rehrerstown, v. in the NW. part of Berks co. Pa. 46 m. a little N of E. from Harrisburg, 15 NE. from Lebanon- REIDSVILLE, v. Pendleton district, S.C. REISTERSTOWN, v. Baltimore co. Md 15 m. NW. from Baltimore. REMBERTSTON, t. Sumpter district, S.C REMSEN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 107 m. NW from Albany. Pop. 1,400. RENSSELAER, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Washington co. E. by Vermont and Massachu setts, S. by Columbia co. and W. by the Hud son. Pop. 49,472. Chief town, Troy. RENSSELAER, v. in Berlin, N. Y. 12 m. E. from Albany. Here is an extensive manu factory of glass. RENSSELAERVILLE, t. Albany co. N.Y. 24 m. SW. from Albany. Pop. 3,689. REPUBLICVILLE, v. Clarke co. Al. REYNOLDSBURG, v. Humphrey co.Ten. RHEA, co. Ten. bounded by M Minn SE. the Cherokee lands and Hamilton co. SW. Bledsoe W. and NW. and Rowan NE. Length 30 m. mean width 20. Pop. in 1820, 4,215; in 1830, 8,182. Chief town, Washington. RHEATOWN, v. Greene co. Ten. E. from Nashville. RHINEBECK, t. Dutches* co. N Y. on E. 388 RHI R1C dlde of the Hudson, 18 m. N. from Poughkeep- sie, 67 S. from Albany. Pop. 2,938. There are 4 landings on the Hudson in this town, and the trade is considerable. Here is a remark able cavern. RHINESTOWN, t. Cumberland co. Pa. 20 m. W. from Petersburg. RHODE ISLAND, one of the U. S. See page 59. RHODE ISLAND, isl. of the U. S. a part of R. I. state, and from which that small mem ber of our confederacy takes its name. It is 15 m. long, mean width of 2|, and is included in Newport co. This island received its name from the Dutch, and, contrary to common opinion, means Red Island. RHODE RIVER, r. S. C. which runs into the NW. branch of Cape Fear river. RIAPA CREEK, r. Miss, which runs into the Mississippi, 52 m. below Natchez. RICEBOROUGH, t. and cap. Liberty co. Geo. on Newport river ; 32 m. SW. from Sa vannah, 692 from W. It contains about 40 houses. RICEVILLE, v. Rowan co. Ten. RICHARDSONVILLE, v. Edgefield dis trict, S. C. 74 m. W. from Columbia. RICHELIEU, co. L. C. on St. Lawrence and Richelieu rivers, and extending SE. from the former, to the N. boundary of Vermont. RICHFIELD, NE. t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 653. RICHFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 13 m. NW. from Cooperstown, 72 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,752. RICHFORD, t. Franklin co, Vt. 48 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 704. RICHFORD, v. Tioga co. N. Y. RICH HILL, t. in the eastern part of Mus- kingum co. Ohio. Pop. 1,263. RICHHILL, t. Greene co. Pa. RICHLAND, central district of S. C. on the peninsula between the Wateree and Congaree rivers, with Fairfield and Kershaw districts N. Length 40 m. mean width 12. Chief town, Columbia. RICHLAND, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Hu ron, E. by Wayne, S. by Knox, and W. by Marion and Crawford cos. It is 30 m. square. Chief town, Mansfield. Pop. in 1820, 9,169 ; in 1830, 24,007. RICHLAND, v. Onslow co. N. C. RICHLAND, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on E. end of Lake Ontario, 55 in. N W. from Utica. Pop. 2,733. RICHLAND, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 3,747. RICHLAND, t. Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,664. RICHLAND, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 1,537. RICHLAND, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 1,824. RICHLAND, district, central part of S. C. Pop. 11,465, Chief town, Columbia. RICHLAND, r. Ten. It passes by Pulaski, and is navigable from that town to its junction with Elk river, 12 m. Length 70 m. RICHLAND, v. Giles co. Ten. RICHMAN S ISLAND, small Island on the coast of Maine, 3 m. N. from Portland. RICHMOND, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 28 m. WNW. from Montpelier, 499 from W. Pop. 1,109 RICHMOND, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 181. RICHMOND, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 12 m. S. from Keene, 88 WSW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,301. RICHMOND, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 7 m. W. from Lenox, 10 WSW. from Pittsfield, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 844. RICHMOND, t. Washington co. R. L 18 m. W. from Newport. Pop. 1,362. RICHMOND, v. and seat of justice, Rich mond co. N. Y. near the centre of Staten Isl and, 6 m. SW. from the Lazaretto. RICHMOND, t. situate on the head of a small stream, to which it gives name, about 2 m. W. of Delaware river, in Northampton co. Pa. RICHMOND, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 231, RICHMOND, co. N. Y. occupying all Staten Island. Pop. 7,084. Chief town, Rich mond. RICHMOND, co. Va. bounded N. by West moreland co. NE. by Westmoreland and North umberland cos. SE. by Lancaster co. and SW. by the Rappahannock. Pop. 6,056. RICHMOND, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Hem lock and Honeoye Lakes, 15 in. SW. from Canandaigua. Pop. 1,876. RICHMOND, city, port of entry, and me tropolis of Virginia, in Henrico co. on the N. side of James river, between 50 and 60 m. by the course of the river, above City Point, and 150 m. from its mouth, immediately below the Falls, at the head of tide-water, and opposite Manchester, with which it is connected by 2 bridges; 25 m. N.from Petersburg, 123 m. W. of S. from W. Lon. 77 31 W. ; lat. 37 30 N. The situation is alike picturesque, salu brious, and beautiful. The position is favora ble for commerce, it being the natural depot of tobacco, wheat, and hemp, raised in the popu lous country watered by the river. An abun dance of mineral coal is cheaply conveyed to it. It contains 13 public buildings, and 8 churches, together with a number of respecta ble manufactories. The Capitol, the Peniten tiary, and the beautiful church raised on the ruins of the theatre, in the conflagration of which 70 citizens perished, are beautiful and conspicuous erections. The new Court-House is also a spacious and elegant building. The Virginia Armory is an extensive establish ment. The river has been rendered boalable 220 m. above the city. This town owns a re spectable amount of shipping, and is one of the most flourishing places in the state. Pop. in 1820, 12,046; in 1830, 16,085. RICHMOND, co. N. C. bounded by S. Carolina SW. Yadkin river W. Montgomery and Moore N. Cumberland E. and Robeson SE. Length 45 m. Chief town, Rocking- ham. Pop. in 1820, 7,537 ; in 1830, 9,326. RICHMOND, co. Geo. Chief town, Au gusta. Pop. 11,644. RIC ROC 389 RICHMOND, v. Wayne co. In. 63 m. E. \ from Indianapolis. RICHMOND, v. and seat of justice, Madi son co. Ken. 30 m, SSE. from Lexington, 53 SE. from Frankfort, and 537 from W. Pop. 947. RICHMOND, C. H. Richmond co. Va. 62 in. NE. from Richmond. RICHMOND, v. Henry co. Al. RICHMOND, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Salt creek, 14 m. SE. from Chillicothe. Pop. 221. RICHMONDVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 36 m. westerly from Albany. RICHWOODS, v. Morgan co. Va. 98 m. NW. from W. RIDEAU, river of Canada, a southern branch of the Ottawa. RIDGE, v. St. Mary s co. Md. RIDGE, v. Edgefield district, S. C. RIDGEFIELD, t. Fairneld co. Ct. 13 m. N. from Norwalk. Pop. 2,322. It has an ele vated situation, and affords a good view of Long- Island Sound, which is 14 m. distant RIDGEFIELD, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 842. RIDGEVILLE, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 67. RIGA, t. Monroe co. N. Y. on W. side of the Genesee, 20 m. NE. from Batavia. Pop. 1,908. RIGOLET, r. La. which is formed by the junction of the Sabine and Black Lake rivers, and unites with the Red river, about 25 m. NW. from Alexandria. RIGOLETS, r. or channel, which forms a communication between Lakes Ponchartrain and Borgne. Length 8 or 10 m. RILEY, t. Oxford co. Me. 30 m. NW. from Paris. Pop. 57. RINDGE, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on W. side of New Ipswich, 18 m. SE. from Keene, 55 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,269. There are in this town 13 ponds, the largest of which contains 200 acres. RING ISLAND, small island, near the coast of Mass, a little to the E. of Newbury- port. RINGO S TOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 15 m. NW. from Trenton. RIPLEY, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. Pop. 1,647. RIPLEY, t. Brown co. Ohio, on the Ohio, at the mouth of White Oak creek, 12 m. below Maysville. Pop. 572. RIPLEY, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 176. RIPLEY, t. Bond co. II. on Shoal creek, 10 m. from Perrysville, 20 from Edwardsville. Here are valuable mills. Near the town there is a salt spring, and a coal mine 7 miles dis tant. RIPLEY, t. Somerset co. Me. Pop. 644. RIPLEY, co. In. bounded by Fayette NW. Franklin N. Dearborn E. Switzerland SE. Jefferson S. and Jennings W. Length 27 m. mean width 16. It is an elevated tract, from which the streams flow in various directions into Ohio and Wabash rivers. Chief town, Versailles. Pop. in 1820, 1,822; in 1830, 3,957. RIPTON, t. Addison co. Vt. 34 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 278. RISING SUN, v. Cecil co. Md. RISING SUN, t. Dearborn co. In. finely situated on the second bank of the Ohio, with a gradual descent to the river. It is half-way between Vevay and Lawrcnceburg, and con tains about 500 inhabitants. RIVANNA, r. Va. which runs SE. into the river James, at Columbia. It is navigable for bateaux upwards of 20 m. RIVERHEAD, t. and cap. Suffolk co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 90 m. E. from N. York. Pop. 2,016. It contains several villages, which are distinguished by local names, the county buildings, some manufactures, and 4 or 5 houses of public worship, for Congregational ists and Presbyterians. RIVERHEAD, v. New London co. Ct. 50 m. from Hartford. RIXEYVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va. 67 m. SW. from W. and 117 NNW. from Richmond. ROANE, co. Ten. bounded by Blount E. M Minn SE. Rhea SW. Morgan NW. Ander- son N. and Knox NE. Length 30 m. mean width 20. The two great branches of Ten nessee river, the Tennessee proper, and Hoi. ston, unite in this county. Pop. in 1820, 7,895 ; in 1830, 11,340. ROAN S CREEK, v. Carter co. Ten. ROANOKE, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of N. Carolina, at the entrance into Albe- marle Sound, .vith a town of the same name Lon. 76 W. ; lat. 35 50 N. ROANOKE, r. N. C. which is formed by the union of the Staunton and the Dan, the former of which rises in Virginia, and the lat ter in N. Carolina, and flows into Albemarle Sound. Lat. 35 58 N. It is navigable for vessels of considerable burden 30 or 40 in. and for boats of 30 or 40 tons to the Falls, 70 m. and for boats of 5 tons for the distance of 200 m. above the Falls. ROANOKE, Little, r. Va. which runs into the Staunton. ROANOKE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 150 m. SW. from Richmond. ROANOKE INLET, channel on the coast of N. Carolina, which leads into Albemarle Sound. ROARING RIVER, r. Ten. which runs into the Cumberland, below Obeds. ROBBINSTON, t. Washington co. Me. 490 m. NE. from Boston. Pop. 616. ROBERTSON, co. Ten. bounded by Ken tucky N. Sumner E. Davidson S. Dickson SW. and Montgomery W. Length 40 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Springfield. Pop. in 1820,9,938; in 1830, 13,302. ROBESON, co. N. C. bounded by S. Caro lina SW. Richland co. W. Cumberland N Bladen E. Columbus SE. Length 33 m. mean width 25. Chief town, Lumberton. Pop. in 1820, 8,204 ; in 1830, 9,355. ROCHELLE, New, t. Westchester co. N.Y. on Long Island Sound, 21 m. NNE. from New York. Pop. 1,274. Here is an academy. ROCHESTER, t. Strafford co. N. H. on W. 390 ROC ROC side of Salmon Fall river, 22 in. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,155. Near the centre of the town, there is a village called Norway Plains, containing a meeting-house, a court house, 50 or 60 dwelling-houses, and several stores. There is also a cotton manufactory in the town. ROCHESTER, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 2,420. Pop. ROCHESTER, t. Windsor co. Vt. 44 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,392. ROCHESTER, v. Monroe co. N. Y. at the Falls of Genesee, 7 m. from Lake Ontario, is the third town in point of population in this state, and has had the most sudden growth of any town in America, wide and deep forest. In 1812 it was one In 1818, it contained 1,049 inhabitants; in 1820, 1,502; in 1825, 5,271 ; in 1830, 9,269. Parts of the town are very handsomely built. There are 7 respecta ble public buildings, and 12 churches. Thir teen large flour-mills, with 52 run of stones, can annually make 342,000 barrels of flour. Some of these mills are on a scale of magni tude not equalled elsewhere in the world. One of them covers more than 4 acres, and all are considered unrivalled in the perfection of their machinery. Fifteen million feet of lumber are sawed or rafted here annually. There are a number of factories and mechanical estab lishments, some on a large scale. The water- power is almost inexhaustible. The aqueduct over the Genesee at this place is one of the most gigantic works on the canal line. At the northern extremity of the town, the Genesee falls 90 feet. At Carthage, two miles distant, it falls 70 feet. Still another noble cascade of the Genesee, close by this town, will be long ROCHESTER, t. Plymouth co. Mass, on Buzzard s Bay, 20 m. SW. from Plymouth, 48 S. from Boston. Pop. 3,556. ROCK, northern t. Harrison co. Ohio. Pop. 708. ROCKAWAY, v. Queen s co. Long Island, 8 m. S. from Jamaica, on the Atlantic coast. It is a watering place, and seat of summer recreation. ROCKAWAY, t. Morris co. N. J. on Rock- away river, which runs into the Passaic, 7 m. NNW. from Morristown. It contains a Pres byterian church, 2 forges, and a rolling-mill. The Morris canal passes through the village. ROCKBRIDGE, co. Va. bounded by the Blue Ridge, or Nelson and Amherst cos. SE. Bedford S. Botetourt SW. and W. Bath NW. and Augusta NE. Length 33 m. mean width 23. It is drained by the North river, branch of James river, which unites at the foot of the Blue Ridge, in the southern angle of the co. Pop. in 1820, 11,945; in 1830, 14,244. Chief town, Lexington. ROCK CASTLE, co. Ken. bounded by Knox SE. Pulaski SW. Lincoln and Garrard NW. Madison NE. and Clay E. Length 25 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Mount Ver- non. Pop. in 1820, 2,249 ; in 1830, 2,875. ROCK CASTLE, r. Ken. which runs SW. into the Cumberland, near the Long Shoals. ROCKFORD, v. Surrey co. N. C. ROCKFORD,v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 7 m. E. from New Philadelphia, on the road from thence to Steubenville. ROCKFISH,r. Va. forms part of the bound ary between Albemarle and Nelson cos. Va. and falls into James river from the north. ROCK HALL, t. Kent co. Md. on the E. remembered as the place where the famous side of Chesapeake Bay, directly opposite the Patch made his last leap. Merchandise to and mouth of Patapsco river. from Lake Ontario, forwarded from this town, is raised or lowered down this great and steep .descent of the Genesee, by means of an in clined plane, the descending weight raising a ROCKINGHAM, t. Windham co. Vt. on the Connecticut, 18 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 2,272. ROCKINGHAM, co. SE. part of N. Hamp fighter one. It has 2 banks, a Museum, an shire, bounded NE. by StrafFord co. E. by the Arcade, an Athenaeum, and several literary in- j Atlantic, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Hills- stitutions, 2 daily and sevexal weekly newspa- borough co. Pop. 44,452. Chief towns, Ports- pers. From the observatory at the summit of the Arcade, may be seen, in a clear day, the waters of Lake Ontario, like a strip of blue cloud on the verge of the horizon. Rochester is 236 m. W. from Albany, and 361 N. from W. The following statement of the manufac turing 1 and mechanical operations at this vil lage, is from a late Rochester paper. Factories, &c. Investment. ATI. Amount Flouring Mills $281,000 . . . $1,331,000 Cotton do 50,000 . ... 30,000 Woollen do 70,000. ... 112,000 Leather, &c 25,000 . ... 166,000 Ironworks 24,000. ... 46,000 Rifles, &c 3,000 . ... 5,000 Soap and candles 6.000 . ... 45,000 Groceries, &c 21,000. ... 32,800 Tobacoo 4,500 18,000 Pail, Sash, &c 2,500 12,000 Boatbuilding 11.000 40,200 Linseed Oil 3,000 4,000 Globe building factories, 10,000 15,000 $511,000 $1,857,000 mouth, Exeter, and Concord. ROCKINGHAM, co. central part of Va. bounded NE. by Hardy and Shenandoah cos, SE. by Orange and Albemarle cos. SW. by Augusta co. and WNW. by Pendleton co Pop. 20,693. Chief town, Harrisonburg. ROCKINGHAM, co. N. side of N. C. Pop. 12,920. It lies W. of Caswell co. and is wa- ! tered by the Dan. There is a mineral spring in this county, which is much resorted to. Chief town, Wentworth. ROCKINGHAM, t. and cap. Richmond co. N. C. 6 m. E. from the Yadkin, 55 WSW. from Fayetteville, 399 from W. It contains about 30 houses. ROCKLAND, co. N. Y. bounded NW. by Orange co. E. by the Hudson, and SW. by N. Jersey. Pop. 9,388. Chief town, Clarka town. ROCKLAND, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. W. of Kingston. Pop. 547. ROCK LANDING, v. Halifax co. N C. at ROC ROU 391 the head of the Great Falls of the Roanoke, 12 m. above Halifax. ROCKPORT, v. on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Rocky river, Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 361. ROCKPORT, v. Spencer co. In. on Ohio river, 40 m. by water above the mouth of Green river, and 189 m. SSW. from Indian apolis. ROCK RIVER, r. which rises in the NW. Territory, runs through NW. part of Illinois, and flows into the Mississippi, 160 m. above the Illinois. Length about 200 miles. ROCK RIVER, r. America, which runs into Lake Michigan. ROCK SPRING, v. Nelson co. Va. ROCKVILLE, v. Parke co. In. 80 m. W. from Indianapolis. ROCKVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md. ROCKVILLE, v. Frederick co. Va. ROCKY BRIDGE, Christian co. Ken. ROCKY HILL, v. in Wethersfield, Ct. 4 m. S. from Wethersfield. The business of ship building is carried on here to some extent. ROCKY HILL MILLS, v. Fauquier co. Virginia. ROCKY ISLAND, large rock in the river Detroit, composed of lime-stone. ROCKY MOUNT, t. and cap. Franklin co. Va. 25 m. N. from Martinsville, 375 from W. ROCKY MOUNT, v. Nash co. N.C. ROCKY MOUNTAINS, or Stony Moun tains, long and broad range of mountains, N. America. Lon. 112 W. They divide the waters which flow E. into the Missouri and Mississippi, from those which flow W. into the Pacific Ocean. ROCKY RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs into Lake Erie, 9 m. W. of the Cuyahoga. ROCKY RIVER, r. N.C. which runs into the Yadkin. ROCKY RIVER, v. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. ROCKY SPRINGS, v. Rockingham co. N.C. RODMAN, t. Jefferson co. N.Y. 160 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 1,901. ROEBUCK ISLAND, small isl. at E. ex tremity of Lake Ontario. ROGERSMILLS, v. Saratoga co, N. Y. ROGER S POINT, cape on W. side of Lake Huron. Lon. 82 45 W. ; lat. 44 19 N. ROGERSVILLE, t. and cap. Hawkins co. Ten. on the Holston, 65 m. ENE. from Knox- ville, 451 from W. It is pleasantly situated in Carter s Valley, and contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, and a printing-office- Nine miles SW.of the town there are extensive salt works. ROGERSVILLE, t. Pendleton district, S.C. ROGERSVILLE, v. Person eo. N. C. 96 m. tfNW. from Raleigh. ROME, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio. ROME, t. Kennebeck co. Me, 22 m. NNW. Vom Augusta. Pop. 883. ROME, t. Oneida co. N.Y. 108 m. WNW. rom Albany. Pop. 4,360. It is situated on the Erie Canal, 16 m. W. from Utica. It is a Peasant and flourishing town, contains a court house, a jail, several churches, and an arsenal, some manufactories, and has considerable trade. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Whitesborough. ROMNEY, t. and cap. Hampshire co. Va. on E. side of the S. branch of the Potomac, 45 m. W. by N. from Winchester, 190 NW. from Richmond, 112 from W. It is a handsome village, containing 2 churches, an academy, a bank, and about 600 inhabitants. A weekly newspaper is also published here. ROMULUS, t. Seneca co. N. Y. on W. side of Cayuga Lake, 10 m. N. from Ovid, 200 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,089. It is a valuable agricultural town, and has some manufac tories. RONKONKAMA, small lake in the central part of Long Island, between Brookhaven and Islip ; 55 m. E. from New York ; about 3 m. in circumference, and very deep. It is remark able for being subject to a regular rise and fall, each of which continues 7 years. It abounds in fish. ROOT, v. Montgomery co. N. Y. 46 m. N W from Albany. Pop. 2,750. ROOTSTOWN, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop 684. ROSCOMMON, v. Steuben co. N. Y. ROSE, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 978. ROSEAU, or Charlottetown, capital of the island of Martinico, on the SW. side of the island. ROSE ISLAND, isl. stretching from Pen- saeola eastward along the coast of Florida, about 60 miles. It is generally less than half a mile wide, sandy, and barren. ROSE MILLS, v. Amherst co. Va. ROSEVILLE, v. Delaware co. N. Y. ROSEVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va. 158 m. N. from Richmond, and 35 NW. by W. from W. ROSEVILLE, v. Parke co. In. 109 m. west erly from Indianapolis. ROSS, t. Greene co. Ohio, 51 m. SW. by W, from Columbus. Pop. 1,258. ROSS, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,845. ROSS, co. Ohio, watered by the Seioto. Pop. 24,053. Chief town, Chillicothe. ROSSIE, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. Pop, 650. ROSSVILLE, v. Orange co. N. Y. ROSSVILLE, v. Butler co. Ohio, on the Great Miami, opposite Hamilton. Pop. 629. ROSSVILLE, t. New Madrid district, Miso. ROSSVILLE, v. Cherokee Nation, on the S. side of Tennessee river, 4 or 5 miles below the mouth of Chickamaugah creek, 50 SSW. from Washington, Ten. ROUGE RIVER, r. Michigan Ter. which runs into Detroit river, 5 m. below Detroit. It is navigable for vessels drawing 16 feet water 4 miles, to the dock-yard, thence for boata drawing 3 feet water 8 miles. ROUGH CREEK, r. Ken, which runs into Green river. ROULANDSVILLE, v. Cecil co. Md. ROUND TOP, a peak of the Catskill Moun tains, N. Y., W. of Catskill. Height 3,804 feet, ROUND KEY, small isl. near the coast of Mississippi. Lon. 88 28 W. ; lat. 30 15 N ROUND LICK, v. Smith co. Ten. 392 ROU RUT ROUSE S POINT, v. Clinton co. N. Y. on the W. cape at the outlet of Lake Champlain, 186 m. N. from Albany. ROWAN, co. N. C. bounded S. by Mont- ornery and Cabarras, W. by Iredell, N. by urrey and Stokes, and E. by Guilford and Randolph. Length 40 m. mean width 36. Chief town, Lexington. Pop. in 1820, 26,009 ; in 1830, 20,796. ROWE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 17 m. NW. from Springfield, 103 WNW. from Boston Pop. 716. ROWLETT, v. Potter co. Pa. 181 m. NNW. from Harrisburg. ROWLEY, t. Essex co. Mass. 4 m. N. from Ipswich, 15 m. N. from Salem, 28 NE. from Boston. Pop. 2,044. It contains 2 parishes. The principal employment is agriculture ; but leather and shoes are manufactured to some extent. ROXBOROUGH, t. and cap. Person co. N. C. 271 m. from W. ROXBURY, t. Washington co. Vt. 45 m. N. from Windsor. Pop. 737. ROXBURY, t. Cheshire co. N.H. 37 m. SW. from Concord. Pop. 332. ROXBURY, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 2 m. SW. from Boston, of which it is in reality a suburb. Pop. 5,249. ROXBURY, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 35 m. NW. from New Haven. Pop. 1,122. ROXBURY, t. Delaware co. N.Y. 56 m. SW. from Albany. Pop. 3,214. ROXBURY, t. Morris co. N. J. 45 m. N. from Trenton. Pop. 2^62. ROXBURY, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 707. ROXBURY, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 4 m. NE. from Keene. Pop. 322. ROXBURY, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 16 m. W. of S. from Litchfield. Pop. 1,122. ROYAL, v. Sampson co. N. C. ROYAL, isl. of Lake Superior. ROYAL OAK, v. Oakland co. Mich. ROYALTON, t. Windsor eo. Vt. on White river, 33 m. S. from Montpelier, 29 m. NNW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,893. Here is a pleasant village, containing an academy. ROY ALTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 36 m. NNW. from Worcester, 70 WNW. from Bos- ton. Pop. 1,494. ROYALTON, t. Niagara co. N. Y. Pop. 3,138. ROYALTON, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. W. from Lancaster. RUCKERSVILLE, v. Elbert co. Geo. 80 m. NE. from Milledgeville. RUMFORD, t. Oxford co. Me. 20 m. N. from Paris, 215 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,126. RUMFORD, r. Mass, which runs SSE. into Taunton river, S. of Taunton. RUMFORD ACADEMY, v. King William co. Va. RUMNEY, t Grafton co. N. H. 7 m. NW. from Plymouth, 50 N. from Concord. Pop. 993. RUPERT, t. Bennington co. Vt. 32 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 1,318. RUPERT, Fort, in N. America, belonging to the Hudson s Bay Company, seated on the S. end of Hudson s Bay. Lon. 80 W. ; lat. 51 3 N. RUSH, co. In. bounded S. by Decatur, W. by Shelby, NW. by Madison, N. by Henry, E. by Fayette, and SE. by Franklin. Length 24 m. breadth 18. Chief town, Rushville. Pop. 9,918. RUSH, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. 2,109. RUSH CREEK, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. RUSH CREEK, r. Ohio, which joins the Hockhocking, 7 m. below Lancaster. RUSHFORD, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 1,115. RUSHVILLE, v. in Middlesex t. on the road from Bath to Canandaigua, Ontario co. N.Y. RUSHVILLE, v. on Rush creek, in the eastern part of Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. NE. by E. from Lancaster. Pop. 234. RUSHVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Rush co. In. on Flat Rock creek, 43 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis, 553 from W. RUSSELL, t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. W. from Springfield, 102 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 509. RUSSELL, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 25 m. SE. from Ogdensburg. Pop. 659. RUSSELL, eo. SW. part of Va. bounded N. by Kentucky, ENE. by Tazewell co. SSE. by Washington co. and W. by Lee co. Pop. 6,717. Chief town, Lebanon. RUSSELL VILLE, t. and cap. Logan ca Ken. 55 m. NNE. from Nashville, 200 SW from Lexington, 711 from W. Pop. 1,358. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an acade my, several churches, and 2 printing-offices. RUSSELLVILLE, v. Brown co. Ohio. RUSSELL VILLE, v, and seat of justice, Franklin co. Al. on Cedar creek, branch of Bear creek, 25 m. S. from Florence, 90 N. from Tuscaloosa, and 804 from W. RUSSIA IRON WORKS, v. Clinton co, N.Y. RUSSIA, t. Herkimer co. N.Y. 26 m. N. from Herkimer. Pop. 2,448. RUTHERFORD, co. of N. C. bounded by S. C. S. Buncombe W. Burke N. and Lincoln E. Length 40 m. width 25. Pop. 17,557. Chief town, Rutherfordton. RUTHERFORD, co. Ten. bounded by Bed ford S. Williamson SW. Davidson NW. Wil son NE. and Warren E. Length 30 m. width 22. Chief town, Murfreesborough. Pop. in 1820,19,552; in 1830, 26,133. RUTHERFORDTON, t. and cap. Ruther ford co. N. C. 45 m. S. from Morgantown, 220 W. from Raleigh, and 484 from W. RUTLAND, t. and cap. Rutland co. Vt. on the Otter Creek, 55 m. from its mouth, 45 W. by N. from Windsor, 57 N. from Bennington, 60 SSW. from Montpelier, and 462 from W. Pop. 2,753. In the central part of the town there is a pleasant village, situated on a com manding eminence. It contains a court-house, a meeting-house, and an academy, and has some trade. RUTLAND, v. and t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop, 971. RUT SA1 393 RUTLAND, co. W. side of Vt. bounded N. by Addison co. E. by Windsor co. S. by Ben- nington co. and W. by New York and Lake Champlain. Pop. 31,295. Chief town, Rut land. RUTLAND, t. Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. NW. from Worcester, 52 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,276, RUTLAND, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black nver, 170 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,339. RUTLEDGE, t. and cap. Granger co. Ten. 30 rn. NE. from Knoxville, 483 from W. RYE, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 7 m. S. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,172. RYE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 28 m. NE. from New York. Pop. 1,602. RYEGATE, t. Caledonia co. Vt. on the Connecticut, 15 m. S. from Danville, 28 E. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,119. SABA, id. of the West Indies, 12 m. in circumference, inhabited by a few Dutch fami lies. Lon. 63 17 W. ; lat. 17 39 N. SABINE, r. which forms the western bound ary of the state of Louisiana, and flows into the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 93 37 W.; lat. 29 23 N. It is navigable about 280 miles. Near its mouth it passes through a lake of the same name, which is about 25 m. long, and 12 wide. SABINE LAKE, is the estuary of the Sa- fcine and Natchez rivers; it is about 30 m. tong, and 8 or 10 wide, communicating with ihe gulf of Mexico by a narrow channel of 4 or 5 m. in length, and about 400 yards wide. This lake is very shallow, generally about 5 or 6 feet in depth ; and near the shores, it is still shallower. SABLE, r. N. Y. which rises in Essex co. and runs NE. into Lake Champlain, forming for 20 m. the boundary between Clinton and Essex cos. Length 35 m. Adgate s Falls on this river, in Chesterfield, are a beautiful cas cade, and are visited by numerous travellers. SABLE, Cape, most S. point of Nova Scotia, near which is a fine cod fishery. Lon. 65 39 W.; lat. 43 23 N. SABLE ISLE, isle nearly adjoining to Sa ble Cape ; the coasts of both are most commo- diously situated for fisheries. SABLE MOUNTAIN, mt. Essex co. N. Y. between Jay, Chesterfield, Lewis, and Wills- borough. SABOIS, v. Penobscot co. Maine, 142 m. N. from Portland. SACANDAGA, r. N. Y. runs E. into the Hudson, in Hadley. Length 80 m. SACARAPPA, v. in Westbrook, Cumber land co. Maine. SACKET S HARBOR, v. and port of entry, Jefferson co. N. Y. at the mouth of Black river, on Hungry Bay, and E. end of Lake Ontario, 176 m. NW. from Albany. It is one of the best harbors on the lake, and is rapidly in creasing in population and commerce ; con siderable shipping is owned here. There are 2Z U. S. barracks here sufficient for 3,000 troops. Distance from W. 470 m. SACO, t. and port of entry, York co. Me. on NE. side of the river Saco, opposite Bidde- ford, with which it is connected by 3 bridges, 15 m. SW. from Portland, 28 NE. from York, 100 NNE. from Boston, 530 from W. Pop. 3,219. It is a considerable town, favorably situated for trade and manufactures. It con tains a bank and an academy, and has con siderable trade. There is a fall in the Saco r. here of 42 feet, which affords a handsome view, as well as valuable water-power for mills and manufacturing establishments, of which sev eral have been erected. SACO, r. rises W. of the White Mountains, in N. H. and runs SE. into the sea, below Saco. It is 160 m. in length, and has falls of 72 feet in Hiram, of 20 feet in Lymington, 30 in Bux- ton, and 42 in Saco. To the last 6 m. from its mouth, it is navigable for ships. SACONDAGA, v. in the NE. part of Mont- gomery co. N. Y. 45 m. NW. from Albany. SACONDAGO, r. of N. Y. rises in Hamil ton, flows SE. into the NE. corner of Mont, gomery, reaches the boundary between Mont gomery and Saratoga, turns abruptly NE. and crossing Saratoga co. falls into the Hudson at Jessup s falls, after a course of about 50 m. SACONDAGO, mountains of N. Y. in Ham* ilton co. from which flow the Saeondago, Hud son, Black, and Grass rivers. SADDLEBACK, mt. in Williamstown and Adams, Mass. The peaks of this mountain are in Adams ; the northern one being about 2,400 feet above the valley, and the southern, or the summit of the saddle, about 3,000 feet above the valley, and nearly 4,000 above the sea. It is the highest land in Massachusetts. SADDLE RIVER, t. Bergen co, K J. Pop. 2,174. SAGADAHOC, r. Me. which joins the An- droscoggin, in Rumford. SAGANAUM BAY, bay of La&e Huron, situated about the centre of the NW. side. Length 20 m. SAGANAUM RIVER T r America, which runs into the Saganaum Bay. Lon. 83 35 W.; lat. 44 N. Length 30 m. SAGATUK, r. Ct. which runs into Long Island Sound, between Fairfield and Norwalk, forming a bay at its mouth. SAG HARBOR, v. and port of entry, in Southampton, Suffolk co. N. Y. on E. end of Long Island, and on the Atlantic, 100 m. E. from New York, and 340 from W. This vil lage contains about 100 houses, and a printing- office. There is some shipping owned here, employed chiefly in the whale and cod fisheries. It has a good harbor. SAGUENAI, large branch of St. Lawrence river, rising in the recesses of Labrador, and falling into St. Lawrence, about 120 m. below Quebec. The Saguenai, according to Bou- chette, is a very considerable river, affording a good harbor for every kind of shipping, at its mouth. ST, ALBAN S, t. and cap. Franklin co. Vt 394 SAI SAT on Lane Champlain, 27 m. N from Burling ton, 70 NW. from Montpelier. Lon. 73 11 W. ; lat. 44 49 N. Pop. 2,395. Here is a pleasant village, which contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and has considerable trade. ST. ALBAN S, t. Licking co.Ohio. Pop. 935. ST. ALBAN S, t. Claiborne co. Mis. ST. ALBAN S, t. Somerset co. Me. 30 m. ENE. from Norridgewock. Pop. 911. ST. ANDREW, parish, Charleston district, S. C. It is watered by the river Ashley, and lies just above Charleston. Pop. 3,727. " ST. ANDREWS, settlement, Missouri, 25 m. SW. from St. Louis. ST. ANDREWS, t. and port of entry, Char lotte co. New Brunswick, on a peninsula form ed by the confluence of the St. Croix r. with Passamaquoddy Bay, opposite Robbinston, Me. Pop. about 1,500. It is a thriving town, and there is a brisk business done in shipping. ST. ANDREWS, small bay, Florida, which sets up from the Gulf of Mexico and approaches within 8 m. of St. Rosa Sound. ST. ANN, t. Guadaloupe, on the S. coast. Lon. 61 27 W. ; lat. 16 21 N. ST. ANN, or Annimpig Lake, a lake of Can ada. It empties into James bay through Albany river. Lon. 88 15 W. ; lat. 49 30 N. ST. ANN S, port on E. coast of the island of Cape Breton. Lon. 60 W. ; lat. 47 N. ST. ANN S, t. New Brunswick, on St. John s river, 3 m. S. from Fredericktown. Lon. 66 46 W., lat. 46 2 N. ST. ANN S BAY, bay of the island of Ja maica. Lon. 77 3 W. ; lat. 18 58 N. ST. ANN S BAY, bay of Mexico, in the bay of Campeachy. Lon. 94 46 W.; lat. 18 C 10 N. ST. ANTONIO, t. Mexico, cap. of Texas. Lon. 101. ST. AUGUSTINE, seaport of Florida. The harbor is good, but there is a bar at its mouth which at the lowest tides will not admit ves sels drawing more than 6 feet of water ; there is however a roadstead outside of the bar which affords anchorage for larger vessels. The town and the entrance to the harbor are wel defended by a strong fort, built entirely of hewn stone, and mounting 60 cannon. In the rear of the city are erected six redoubts. Lat 2945 N.; Ion. 81 30 W. ST. AUGUSTINE S RIVER, r. Labrador which runs into the Gulf of St. Lawrence Lon. 59 59 W. ; lat. 51 35 N. ST. BERNARDO, a settlement of Louisi ana, 15 m. SE. from New Orleans, and W. of Lake Borgne. ST. BERNARD S BAY, bay in the Gulf of Mexico, on the coast of Texas. Lon. 96 50 W. ; lat. 28 30 N. ST. CATHERINE S FORK, r. Mississippi which runs into the Mississippi river. Lat. 31 36 N. ST. CATHERINE S SOUND, bay of the Atlantic, on the coast of Georgia, between the islands of St. Catherine and Ossabaw* Lat 31 38 N. ST. CHARLES, co. Miso. bounded by the Mississippi and Cuivre rivers N. and NE Mis souri river SE. and Montgomery co. W. It occupies the peninsula between the Mississippi and Missouri, above their junction, being about 35 m. long, with a mean width of 12 m. Pop. n 1820, 3,970 ; in 1830, 4,322. Chief town, St Charles. ST. CHARLES, t. and cap. St. Charles co. Miso. on the Missouri river, 21 m. from its mouth, 18 NW. from St. Louis by land, and 1,001 from W. It is a handsome and flour ishing village. ST. CHARLES, parish of La. bounded by St. John Baptist W. by Lake Mauripas, Pass of Manchac, and Lake Ponchartrain N. parish of St. Bernard E. Length 30 m. mean width 10. Pop. in 1820, 3,862 ; in 1830, 5,107. ST. CHARLES, parish, on the Mississippi river, about 50 m. above New Orleans. ST. CHARLES, r. Canada, which runs into the St. Lawrence, a little below Quebec. ST. CLAIR, lake, N. America, about 90 m. m circumference, between Lake Huron and Lake Erie, with both of which it communi cates. Lon. 82 25 W. ; lat. 42 52 N. ST. CLAIR, r. N. America, which runs S. from Lake Huron to Lake St. Clair. It is 40 m. long, and nearly 1 m. wide. ST. CLAIR, co. II. bounded by Mississippi river NW. Madison N. Washington E. Ran dolph SE. and Monroe SW. Length 30, width 24 m. Chief town, Belleville. Pop. in 1820, 5,253; in 1830, 7,092. ST. CLAIR, co. Al. bounded by Shelby S Jefferson SW. Blount N W. Cherokee lands N. and Coosa river E. It is about 35 m. square. Surface hilly and broken, drained by the Coosa and Cahawba rivers. Chief town, Ashville. Pop. in 1820, 4,166 ; in 1830, 5,975. ST. CLAIR, t Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,814. ST. CLAIR, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,834. ST. CLAIR S CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Great Miami, opposite Hamilton. ST. CLAIRSVILLE, t. and cap. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Wheeling, 7 m. from the Ohio, 10 W. from Wheeling, 70 E. from Zanesville, 275 from W. It is pleasant and flourishing, containing a court-house, a jail, a market- house, a bank, 2 printing-offices, 4 or 5 houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, Friends, and Methodists. Pop. 789. ST. CLAIRSVILLE, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. ST. CLAIRSVILLE, v. St. Clair co. Al. on Canoe creek of Coosa river, about 65 m. SSE. from Huntsville. ST. CROIX, r. N. America, which divides Maine from New Brunswick, and flows into Passamaquoddy bay. It is navigable for ships 25 miles. ST. CROIX, r. N. America, which runs into the Mississippi, 90 m. below St. Anthony s Falls. It is navigable for boats about 100 m. ST. FERDINAND, t. St. Louis district, Miso. 14 m. NW. from St. Louis. ST. FRANCIS, r. Louisiana, which runs into the Mississippi, 107 m. above the Arkan sas, in lat. 31 45 N. It is navigable upwards of 200 m. SAISAI J195 ST. FRANCIS, r. of L. C. and Vt. rises in the latter, in Orleans and Essex cos. Its main sources are the confluents of lake Memphre- magog and lake St. Francis ; the latter in the recesses of Buckingham co. L. C. Below the junction of its two great branches, the united stream flows NNW. into St. Lawrence river, at the head of Lake St. Peter, ST. FRANCISVILLE, t. and cap. New Feliciana parish, Louisiana, on E. bank of the Mississippi, about 30 m. above Baton Rouge, and 1,205 from W. ST. GENEVIEVE, co Miso. bounded by the Mississippi NE. cape Girardeau co. S. Washington SW. and Jefferson NW. Length 60, mean width 18 m. Its extreme western parts embrace a portion of the mine tract. Chief town, St. Genevieve. Pop. 2,182. ST. GENEVIEVE, t. and cap. St Gene vieve district, Miso. nearly opposite Kaskaskia, 1 m. W. of the Mississippi, 64 below St. Louis, and 874 from W. Pop. 2,000. This town was formerly built on the river bank, and is said to have contained once 7,000 inhabitants. The ground on which it stands is somewhat higher than the river bottom, and it begins to extend itself back upon ground considerably more elevated. ST. GEORGE, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 10 in. SE. from Burlington. Pop. 135. ST. GEORGE, t. Lincoln co. Me. 38 m. ESE. from Wiscasset, 200 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,652. ST. GEORGE, r. Lincoln co. Me. which flows into the sea between the towns of St. George and Gushing. It is navigable to Thom- astown, which lies on N. side of the town of St. George. ST. GEORGE, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac, NW. of St. George s island. ST. GEORGE S, t. Newcastle co. Del. ST. GEORGE S, parish, Colleton district, S. C. ST. GEORGE S ISLAND, small isl. in the mouth of the river Potomac. Lat. 18 13 N. ST. GEORGE S ISLAND, some small isl ands in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lat. 43 50 N. ST. HELENA, isl. on the coast of S. C. in a bay called St. Helena s Sound. Lat. 32 25 N. It is 13 m. long, and 3 broad. The soil is well adapted to the growth of cotton, which is largely cultivated. ST. HELENA, t. St. Helena parish, La. ST. HELENA, parish, Beaufort district, S. C. containing the islands of Port Royal, St. Helena, Hunting, Ladies, Paris, &c. Pop. 8,799. ST. HELENA, parish of La. bounded by lakes Ponchartrain and Maurepas, and Amite river S. East Baton Rouge and New Feliciana W. state of Mississippi N. and Washington and St. Tamany E. Length 46, mean width 28 m. Chief town, St. Helena. Pop. 4,027. ST. HELENA SOUND, bay on the coast of S. C. Lon. 80 30 W. ; lat. 32 3 N. ST. HELENS, isl. on the coast of Georgia, S of the entrance of Ogeechee river. ST. ILLA, Great, r. of Georgia, rises in Tatnall, Telfair, and Irwin cos. by a number of branches which enter Appling. ST. INIGOE S, v. St. Mary s co. Md. ST. JAMES, parish, Charleston district, S. C. on S. side of the Santee, 40 m. NNE, from Charleston. Pop. 3,743. ST. JOHN S, lake of La. in Concordia, once a bend of the Mississippi. ST. JOHN BAPTISTE, parish, La. on both sides of the Mississippi river, above St. Charles, and between St. James. Area about 150 sq. ms. Pop. in 1820, 3,854 ; in 1830, 5,700. Chief town, Bonnet Carre. ST. JOHN, or Prince Edward s Island, isl. in the gulf of St. Lawrence, to the W. of the island of Cape Breton, and N. of Nova Scotia, about 100 m. long, and 30 in its mean breadth. Charlotte s Town is the capital. Lon. 63 W. ; lat. 46 20 N. Pop. 6,000. ST. JOHN, t. and fort, Canada, on the W. side of the river Chamblee, 20 m, SE. from Montreal. Lat. 45 19 N. The British naval force on Lake Champlain had its principal sta tion here during the late war. ST. JOHN S, the capital of Newfoundland, is on the SE. coast of the isl. It contains about 13,000 inhabitants. In Feb. 1816, a dreadful fire destroyed 117 houses. In Nov. 1817, two still more dreadful conflagrations iaid waste nearly the whole of the town. Not less than half a million sterling of property was de stroyed in a few hours. Lat. 47 35 N. ST. JOHN S, r. the principal river of East Florida. Its sources have not been exactly ascertained, but it is supposed to issue from Lake Mayaco, between lat 26 and 27 N. It runs N. parallel with the Atlantic coast, ex panding into several lakes, particularly Lake George, which is 20 miles long and 15 wide, and embosoms several islands. Within 20 m. of its mouth the river turns to the E. and falls into the Atlantic, near lat. 30 N. 36 m. S. St. Mary s. Its whole length is about 300 m. and it is navigable for vessels which can pass the bar at its mouth, for 150 m. to Lake George. The bar has 10 feet of water at low tide, and 13 feet at high water, and there is good an chorage outside of the bar for large vessels. ST. JOHN S, r. Miso. which flows into the S. side of the Missouri, E. of Gasconade river. ST. JOHN S, r. N. America, which rises from several sources in the northern part of the state of Maine, flows through New Brunswick, and empties itself into the Bay of Fundy. It is 350 miles long, and navigable for sloops 60 miles, and for boats 200. ST. JOHNSBURY, t. Caledonia co. Vt 7 M, NE. from Danville, 35 NE. from Montpelier Pop. 1,592, Here is a pleasant village, situ, ated on the Pasumsuc, containing valuable mills, together with some manufactories, and trade. ST. JOSEF, t. Cuba, 125 m. WSW from Havana, ST. JOSEF, t. New Mexico, on the Bravo, 27 m. NW. from Santa Fe. ST. JOSEPH, t. Florida, in a bay of the Gulf of Mexico, to which it gives name. Lon. 8534 W.; lat. 29 48 N. 396 SAI SAI ST. JOSEPH S, small bay, Florida, to the W. of Apalachicola Bay, within 4 miles of which its waters approach. ST. JOSEPH S, isL U. C. in the straits of St. Mary s, which connect Lake Superior with Lake Huron. It is about 75 miles in circum ference, and is separated by a channel from Drummond s Island at the mouth of the river. On the S. point of the island is the site of a British fort destroyed during the last war, and near it an establishment of the NW. Fur Company. ST. JOSEPH S, r. In. and Michigan, which runs NW. into SE. part of Lake Michigan. It is upwards of 200 miles long, and navigable for boats nearly its whole length. Fort St Joseph is built upon it, 170 m. WSW. from Detroit. ST. JOSEPH S RIVER, r. In. which runs S. and unites with the St. Mary s, at Fori Wayne, to form the Maumee. ST. JUAN DE BUENAVISTA, t. Cuba on the N. coast. Lon. 77 57 W. ; lat. 22 2 N. ST. LANDRE, or Opelousas, t. La. ST. LAWRENCE, one of the largest rivers of N. America, which rises near the sources of the Mississippi, and passing through the great lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Onta rio, falls into the Gulf of St. Lawrence by a mouth 90 miles wide. That part of it only between its mouth and Montreal, is commonly called St Lawrence. Between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, it is called Niagara river, and the pails between the other lakes have other names. It forms a communication of more than 2,000 miles in extent. It is navigable fb ships of the line 400 miles to Quebec, and for ships drawing 14 feet water to Montreal, 580 miles. ST. LAWRENCE, Gulf of, a gulf at the mouth of the river St. Lawrence, inclosed be tween Newfoundland, Labrador, Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Island of Cape Breton. It is 350 miles long, and 150 broad. Lon. 57 to 65 W. ; lat. 47 51 N. ST. LAWRENCE,nerthernco.of N.Y. on St. Lawrence river ; bounded by St. Lawrence NW. Franklin co. E. Hamilton and Herkimer cos. S. and Herkimer Lewis, and Jefferson SW. Length 60 m. mean width 44. The sur face is rather uneven, and the soil generally very good. Clvlef town, Potsdam. Pop. in 1820, 1,037; in 1830, 36,351. ST. LEONARD S, t. Calvert co. Md. on the W. side of the Chesapeake Bay, about 10 m. NW. cf Drumpoint, 12 NE. of the town of Benedict on the Potomac, and 58 from W. ST. LOUIS, co. Miso. bounded by Missouri river NW. Mississippi E. Marameck river S. and Franklin co. W. Length 40 m. mean width 15, Pop. in 1820, 10,049 ; in 1830, 14,907. Chief town, St. Louis. ST. LOUIS, t. St. Louis co. and the largest town in Missouri, on W. bank of the Missis sippi, 18 m. by water below the junction of the Missouri, 14 above that of the Marameck, and 856 from W. Lon. 89 36 W. ; lat. 38 36 N. The situation of the town is elevated, pleasant, and healthy. The ground on which it stands rises gradually from the first to the second bank. Three streets run parallel with the river, and are intersected by a number of others at right angles. The town extends along the river about 2 miles. Most of the houses that have been added within the last ten years, have been of brick or stone. Some of the public buildings are handsome. There are two re spectable Protestant churches. The Catholic cathedral was intended to be a magnificent structure ; it is not yet completed. A spacious town-house is a great ornament to the city. The town has extended itself along the hill, and some of the best houses are on that de lightful elevation. The houses, in 1820, were reckoned at more than 600. By the census of 1830, it contained 2,503 free males ; 1,889 free females; 1,668 slaves; 287 free persons of color. Total, 6,694. The town was then stationary, or perhaps retrograde. . But since that time the lead business has been reanimated by a protecting duty upon foreign lead. The fur trade has received a new impulse. The town has recovered from the shock caused by the failure of its banks. It has at present a branch of the United States bank. A healthy circu lation has been restored, and the town is now rapidly increasing in business and population. In the year 1818, 100 houses were added to the place. Three or four gazettes are printed here. The passage to New Orleans is 1,200 miles by the river, and there are 6 steam-boats constantly plying between these two places. There are also the same number constantly running between this place and Louisville, be sides others to different places. See page 148. ST. LOUIS, r. NW. Territory, which flows into W. end of Lake Superior, Ion. 91 52 W.; lat. 46 44 N. ST. LOUIS BAY, bay on S. coast of Miss, in the Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 89 17 W. ; lat. 30 17 N. ST. MARKS, r. Florida, rising near the mouth of St. John s river, and running thence nearly S. and parallel to the sea-coast. The course of this little but curious stream is about 30 miles, falling into the bay or harbor of St. Augustine, its banks mostly swampy. ST. MARTIN, one of the Leeward Carib bean Islands, in the West Indies, lying to the NW. of St. Bartholomew, and to the SW. of Anguilla. It is 42 miles in circumference, has neither harbor nor river, but several salt-pits. It was long jointly possessed by the French and Dutch ; but at the commencement of the late war, the former were expelled by the latter. Lon. 63 W.; lat. 8 14 N. ST. MARTIN S, parish of La. in Attakapas, bounded by Opelousas NW. and W. Gulf of Mexico SW. St. Mary s parish in Attakapas SE. and the Atchafalaya river NE. and E. Length 80 m. breadth 40. Pop. 7,204. Chief town, St Martinsville. This parish is, through out its whole extent, an unbroken plain, and the soil is highly fertile in cotton and sugar cane. ST. MARTIN S, v. Worcester co. Md. ST, MARTINSVILLE, t. and cap. St Mar- SAI SAL 397 tin * parish, La. on the Teche, 9 m. by land and 32 by water above New Iberia, 1,366 from W. Lat. 30 10 N, It is pleasantly situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- house, an academy, a Roman Catholic church, and about 100 dwelling-houses. It is situated in a well-cultivated and productive country. ST. MARY S, co. Md. bounded NE. by Cal- vert co. E. by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by the Potomac, and W. by Charles co. Chief town, Leonardstown. ST. MARY S, v formerly Fort St. Mary s, Mercer co. Ohio, about 74 m. NW. by W. from Columbus, and 120 N. from Cincinnati. ST. MARY S, t. and s-p. Camden co. Geo. at the mouth of St. Mary s river, 131 m. SSW. from Savannah. Lon. 81 43 W.; lat. 30 43 N. This was a place of considerable trade during the late war, but has since considerably declined. ST. MARY S, r. which rises in Ohio, and runs NNW. and unites with the river St. Jo seph s at Fort Wayne, to form the Maumee. ST. MARY S, r. which divides the state of Georgia from East Florida, and runs into the sea, Ion. 81 40 W. ; lat. 30 43 N. ST. MARY S FALLS, cataract in St. Ma ry s river, between Lake Superior and Lake Huron. The Falls of St. Mary do not descend perpendicularly, as those of Niagara and St. Anthony do, but consist of a rapid, which con tinues near of a mile, over which, canoes, well piloted, may pass. ST. MARY S BAY, bay on the S. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 54 20 W. ; lat. 57 N. ST. MARY S ISLANDS, cluster of small islands, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 60 W. ; lat. 50 20 N. ST. MARY S KEYS, rocks on the S. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 53 55 W. ; lat. 46 47 N. ST. MARY S KEY, id. in the Gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 89 12 W. ; lat. 30 11 N. ST. MARY S RIVER, or St. Mary s Straits, r. America, runs from Lake Superior to Lake Huron. On this river are 2 forts. Lon. 84 24 W. ; lat. 46 22 N. It isjiearly 70 miles long. ST. MARY S RIVER, r. Nova Scotia, runs into the sea, in Ion. 61 W. ; lat. 45 5 N. ST. MAURICE, r. L. C. flows into the N. side of the St. Lawrence, by three channels, which gave name to the town of Three Rivers, on its west bank. ST. MAURICE, co. L. C, on the N. side of the St Lawrence, between Warwick and Hampshire cos. Chief town, Three Rivers. ST. MICHAEL S, v. Madison co. Miso. on a branch of St. Francis river, about 35 m. SW. from St. Genovieve. ST. MICHAEL S, v, Talbot co, Md. ST. MICHAEL S, v. Washington district, Missouri. ST. PAUL S, parish, Charleston district, & C., E. of the Edisto, 18 m. W. from Charles ton. ST. PETER S, parish, Beaufort district, S. C. on the Savannah. Pop. 3,834. ST. PETER S, r. N. America, which rises a considerable way to the NW. and after a SE. course of 4 or 500 m. joins the Missis sippi about 12 m. below St. Anthony s Falls, lat. 44 40 N. At its junction with the Mis. sissippi it is about 100 yards broad. It has a great depth of water, and in some places runs very briskly. About 50 m. from its mouth are some rapids, and much higher up are many others. ST. PHILIP S, F&rt, strong fortress of the island of Minorca, which defends the harbor of Port Mahon. Lat. 39 50 N. ; Ion. 3 48 E. ST. REGIS, r. N. Y. which runs into the St. Lawrence, at the town of St. Regis, in Canada. Length 80 m. ST. SALVADOR, one of the Bahama Id- ands. ST. STEPHEN S, parish, S. C. in Charles ton district. Pop. 2,416. ST. TAMANY, parish, La. bounded by Pearl river E. Lake Borgne, the Rigolets, and Lake Ponchartrain S. the river St. Helena W. and the parish of Washington N. Length 50 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Covington. Pop. in 1820, 1,723 ; in 1830, 2,864. ST. THOMAS, parish, Charleston district, S C 1 ST. THOMAS, one of the Virgin Islands, in the West Indies, with a harbor, a town, and a fort, 15 m. in circumference, and belongs to the Danes. Lon. 64 51 W. ; lat. 18 21 N. ST. THOMAS, t. Cuba, 30 m. WSW. from Havana. ST. THOMAS, id. in the Pacific Ocean, near the coast of Mexico. Lat. 20 10 N. ST. THOMAS, t. Mexico, in Vera Paz, at the mouth of the river Guanacos, 50 m. E. from Vera Paz. Lon. 90 26 W.; lat. 15 46 N. ST. VINCENT, id. in the West Indies, about 40 m. long and 10 broad, containing about 84,000 acres, or 131 sq. ms. It is rug ged and mountainous. Of the 84,000 acres in the island, about 47,000 are cultivated. Sugar is the principal production. SAINTES, three of the Leeward Caribbee Islands, in the West Indies, between Guada- loupe and Dominica. SALEM, co. S. C., W. of Williamsburg. SALEM, t. Salem co. S. C. SALEM, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 9 m. NNW. from New Lisbon, 64 NW. from Pitts- burg, Pop. 1,723. SALEM, t. Livingston co. Ken. Pop 254. SALEM, t. Orleans co. Vt. at S. end of Lake Memphremagog, 60 m. NNE. from Montpe- lier. Pop. 258. SALEM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 35 m. N. from Boston, 35 SW. from Portsmouth, 36 SSE. from Concord. Pop. 1,310. Here is a woollen manufactory. SALEM, s-p. and cap. Essex co. Mass. 4 m. NW. from Marblehead, 14 NNE. from Bos ton, 24 S. from Newburyport. Pop. 13,886. It is chiefly built on a neck of land formed by 398 SAL SAL two inlets from the sea, culled North and South rivers ; over the former of which is a bridge, upwards of 1,500 feet long-, connecting Salem with Beverly, and the latter forms the harbor. The harbor has good anchorage, but the water is so shallow, that vessels drawing more than 12 or 14 feet must be lightened at a distance from the wharves. The situation of Salem is low, but pleasant and healthy. It is well built, and with regard to population, wealth, and commerce, is among the first in N. England. It contains a court-house, a jail, an alms-house, a market-house, 6 banks, an Athenaeum con taining 5,000 volumes, a valuable Museum, belonging to the East India Marine Society, and 11 churches. It has a flourishing com- merce, and it was one of the first towns in the U. States to enter into the East India trade. Though the town is not very regularly laid out, and has narrow streets, the neat and com fortable style of the buildings gives it a very cheerful aspect. It is beautified with many splendid private mansions, and the centre of the town is adorned with a handsome, inclosed common, elegantly planted with shade-trees. Salem is the oldest town in the state, except Plymouth. The shipping belonging to this port in 1828, was 48,210 tons. Lat. 42 34 N. ; Ion. 70 54 W. SALEM, New, t. Franklin co. Mass. 18 m. ESE. from Greenfield, 80 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,889. Here is a respectable academy. SALEM, t. Washington co. N.Y. 18 m. SE. from Sandy Hill, 29 S.from Whitehall, 46 NE. from Albany. Pop. 2,972. The courts for the county are held alternately here and at Sandy Hill. Here is a handsome village, situ ated on an extensive plain, containing a court house, a jail, an academy, several churches, and two or three printing-offices. SALEM, North, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 53 m. NNE. from New York. Pop. 1,276. Here is an academy. SALEM, South, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 50 m. NNE. from New York. Pop. 1,557. SALEM, co. N. J. bounded N. by Glouces ter co. E. by Cumberland co. SW. and W. by the Delaware. Pop. 14,155. Chief town, Salem. SALEM, t. and cap. Salem co. N. J. on Sa lem creek, 3 m. from Delaware Bay, 37 SSW. from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, an academy, a printing- office, which issues a weekly paper, and 4 houses of public worship, for Episcopalians, Baptists, Friends, and Methodists. Pop. 1,570. It is a pleasant town, and a place of some trade. SALEM, v. Botctourt co. Va. 20 m. SSW. from Fincastle, 190 W. by S. from Richmond. SALEM, t. Fauquier co. Va. SALEM, t. Stokes co. N. C. watered by a small branch of the Yadkin, 34 m. NE. from Salisbury, 100 W. from Raleigh, 355 from W. It is a handsome Moravian town, built of brick, and chiefly on one street, about a mile and a half long, paved and planted with rows of trees on each side. It contains a church, and has manufactures of potters ware, sad dlery, gloves, hosiery, &c. The Moravian Academy for females, at this place, is an ex cellent and popular institution. Its buildings are 4 in number, each 4 stories high, and of brick. It is located on a handsome square in the centre of the town, planted with trees, and ornamented with fine gravel-walks. It is at tended by young ladies from various parts of the U. States. SALEM, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 1,237. SALEM, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the Muskingum. Pop. 257. SALEM, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 1,960. SALEM, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 573. SALEM, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, in the NE corner of the state. Here are iron-works. Pop. 1,660. SALEM, t. New London co. Ct. Pop. 974. SALEM, t. and cap. Washington co. In. 24 m. NW. from Jeffersonville, 34 N. from Cory- don, 613 from W. SALEM, v. New Haven co. Ct. in Water- bury, 16 m. NNW. from New Haven. It stands on the E. bank of Naugatuck, or Wa- terbury river, on the main turnpike road from New Haven to Litchfield. A fine wooden bridge here crosses the Naugatuck. SALEM, v. Sumpter district, S. C. 12 m. E. from Sumpter. SALEM, v. Baldwin co. Geo. on the left bank of Oconee river, nearly opposite Mil- ledgeville. SALEM, v. Clarke co. Geo. 53 m. N. from Milledgeville. SALEM CENTRE, v. in the eastern part of Westchester co. N.Y. 50 m. NNE. from the city of New York. SALEM CREEK, Salem co. N. J. rises in the centre of the county, and flowing nearly W. passes Salem, and falls into Delaware Bay, 3^ m. below. It is navigable for vessels of 50 tons to Salem. SALINA, t. Onondago co. N. Y. 5J m. N. from Onondaga, 36 SSE. from Oswego, 130 W. from Albany. Pop. 6,929. Onondaga Lake, and the principal salt-springs and salt works of the state, are in this town. Salt is made here by solar evaporation, as well as by boiling. The vats erected for this purpose cover 5 or 600 acres of ground. The salt made by this process is coarse, and equal in purity to any in the world. Quantity of salt inspected in 1831, 1,514,037 bushels. The neat revenue derived from salt-duties by the state, from 1817 to 1831 inclusive, is about $1,400,000. This township contains a village of the same name, and three others, viz. Liver pool, Syracuse, and Geddes. SALINA, t. Randolph co. II. SALINE, southern t of Columbiana co. Ohio, so called on account of salt-springs found within its limits, along the banks of Yellow creek. Pop. 666. SALINE, v. Randolph co. II. SALINE, r. Arkansas, rises about 20 m. NE. from the warm-springs of Ouachitta, and flowing nearly S. falls into Ouachitta at N. lat. 33 40 . SALINE, r. Arkansas, a branch of the Lit tle river of the North. SAL SAM 399 SALINE, r. II. flows into the Ohio, 26 m. below the Wabash. It is navigable for boats 30 m. The U. States have extensive salt- works on this river, 20 m. from its mouth. SALINE, r. NW. part of the state of Lou isiana, which flows S. and unites with Black Lake river, 8 m. NE. from Natchitoches. There are salt-works on this river, about 25 m. NNE. from Natchitoches. SALINE, r. Missouri, which runs into the Ouachitta, lat. 33 10 N. SALINE, or Salt, r. La. which runs into the Missouri, 173 m. W of the Mississippi. SALINE, r. La. runs into the Kansas. SALINE, v. at the U. States Salt-Works, near Saline river, Gallatin co. II. about 12 m. above its mouth, and 115 m. SSW. from Van- dalia. SALINES, v. Miso. on W. bank of the Mis sissippi, 4 m. below St. Genevieve. It is noted for salt-works. SALISBURY, t. Addison co. Vt. 44 m. SW. Montpelier. Pop. 907. Here is a manufac tory of glass. SALISBURY, t. Merrimack co. N. II. on W. side of the Merrimack river, 14 m. NNW. from Concord, 38 SE. from Dartmouth Col lege, 59 WNW. from Portsmouth, 77 NNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,379. The 4th N. Hamp shire turnpike passes through this town ; and upon this road, in the south part of the town, there is a pleasant village, containing a Con gregational meeting-house, and an academy. SALISBURY, t. Essex co. Mass, on the N. bank of the Merrimack, 4 m. NW. from New- buryport, 36 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,519. It contains 2 parishes, and has a pleasant and considerable village, on the N. bank of the Merrimack, below the junction of Powow river. Considerable business is done at this village at ship-building, and it has some trade in the fisheries. SALISBURY, t Litchfield co. Ct. in NW. corner of the state, 24 m. NW. from Litch field. Pop. 2,580. It is a considerable town and contains large quantities of excellent iron ore, and has several forges, iron-works, and a paper-mill. SALISBURY, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the St. Lawrence. Pop. 1,999. SALISBURY, v. Blooming Grove, Orange co. N.Y. SALISBURY, t. and port of entry, Somer set co. Md. between the two principal branch es of the Wicomico, 15 m. ESE. from Vienna. It contains an Episcopal church, a Methodist meeting-house, and about 100 houses, and has considerable trade in lumber. SALISBURY, t. and cap. Rowan co. N. C. 5 m. SW. of the Yadkin, 34 SW. from Salem, 119 WNW. from Fayetteville. Pop. about 800. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, and a church. It is a flourishing town, and situated in a very fertile country. Near this town there has been discovered un der ground, a remarkable wall of stone, laid in cement, plastered on both sides, from 12 to 14 feet in height, and 22 inches thick. The length of what has been discovered is about 300 feet. The top of the wall approaches within one foot of the surface of the ground. When built, by whom, and for what purpose, is unknown. A similar wall has since been discovered, about 6 m. from the first, from 4 to 5 feet high, and 7 inches thick. SALISBURY, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 603. Through this town runs Leading creek. SALISBURY, t. Wayne co. In. 4 or 5 m. E. from Centreville, 35 N. from Brookville. SALMON, r. Ct. which runs into the river Connecticut, in East Haddam. SALMON, r. N.Y. flows into Lake Ontario, 4 m. N. from Mexico Point. Length 60 or 70 m. There is on this river, about 10 m. from the lake, a tremendous cataract, which has a descent of 110 feet perpendicular. SALMON CREEK, r.Cayuga co. N.Y. runs into S. end of Lake Cayuga ; 19 m. long. SALMON CREEK, r. Franklin co. N. Y. which runs into the St. Lawrence, 7 m. N. from French Mills. SALMON CREEK, stream of St. Lawrence co. flows NNW. about 70 m. enters L. C. at French Mills, and falls into St. Lawrence river at the head of Lake St. Francis. SALMON FALL, local name of that part of Piscataqua river, below Berwick falls. SALT CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs SE. into the Scioto, about 15 m. below Chillicothe. Near this river are salt-springs, from which salt is manufactured in large quantities. The salt-works are about 80 m. NW. from Gallipolis. SALT CREEK, t. Muskingum co. Ohio Pop. 1,190. SALT CREEK, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop 1,656. SALTILLO, city of Mexico, in the state ot Coahuilla y Texas, on the confines of Coahu ilia and New Leon. Pop. 6,500. It is sur rounded by arid plains, upon which fresh watei is scarce ; the site is an elevated part of the great table-land of Anahuac, sloping towards the Gulf of Mexico, and the Rio Grande del Norte. Lat. 25 20 N. SALTPETRE CREEK, r. Mary land, which runs into Gunpowder river, 12 m. ENE. from Baltimore. SALT RIVER, r. La. runs into the Missis- sippi, 60 m. above the Illinois r. SALT RIVER, r. of Miso. entering the Mississippi from the NW. about 100 m. above St. Louis. SALT RIVER, r. Ken. which runs NW. into the Ohio, 20 m. below the Rapids. It i navigable for boats 60 m. SALT SPRING RIVER, r. Indiana, which runs into the Ohio. SALUDA, r. S.C. which runs SE. and unites with Broad river just above Columbia, to form the Congaree. SALUTER, r. of La. in Natchitoches and Ouachitta. The source of this stream is on the line between La. and Arkansas, and it flows into Ouaehitta, 3 m. below the mouth of Barthelony river. SAMPSON, co. N. C. bounded by New Han over SE. Bladen SW. Cumberland W. Johnson N. Wayne NE. and Dauphin E. Length 35 400 SAM SAN m. mean width 20. Pop. in 1820, 8,903 ; in 1830, 11,768. It is drained by Black river branch of Cape Fear river. Clinton, the chief town, is about 55 m. NNW. from Wilmington. SAMPTOWN, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 14 m. WSW. from Elizabethtown. SAN ANTONIO, city of Mexico, in the state of Oaxaca, 130 m. SE. from the city of Mexico, and about 80 N. from that of Oaxaca. SAN BLAS, city and seaport of Mexico, in the former Guadalaxara, now Jalisco, at the mouth of the river Santiago. SANBORNTOWN, t. Strafford co. N.H. 25 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,866. SANDERSVILLE, t. and cap. Washington co. Geo. 26 m. E. from Milledgeville. It con tains a court-house and a jail. SANDFORD, t. and v. York co. Me. 22 m. N. from York. Pop. 2,327. SANDGATE, t. Bennington co. Vt. 25 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 933. SANDISFIELD, t Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. SE. from Lenox, 112 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,655. SANDISTON, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware river, 11 m. NW. from Newton. Pop. 1,097. SANDOWN, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 29 m. WSW. from Portsmouth, and 30 SE. from Concord. Pop. 553. SANDTOWN, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 13 m. SSE. from Philadelphia. SAN DUSKY, r. Ohio, runs NE. into San- dusky Bay, at the town of Sandusky. Length 70 m. This river is navigable, and is con nected with the Great Miami by a portage of 9 m. and with the Scioto by one of 4 m. The river has rapids, below which there is a very valuable fishery. SANDUSKY, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Lake Erie, E. by Huron co. S. by Seneca, and W. by Wood co. It is 30 m. long, and 25 broad. Pop. in 1820, 852 ; in 1830, 2,851. It contains Lower Sandusky. SANDUSKY, one of the western towns of Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 588. SANDUSKY, t. Huron co. Ohio, on the S. shore of Sandusky Bay, 3 m. from its entrance, 25 NE. from Fort Stephenson, about 100 m. N. from Columbus, 250 W. from Buffalo. Pop. 593. It is handsomely laid out on a beautiful site, and a steam-boat wharf has been erected. SANDUSKY, Lower, t. and cap. of Sandus ky co. Ohio, on the river Sandusky, a few miles from its mouth, 115 N. from Columbus. SANDUSKY, Upper, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on Sandusky r. 40 m. S. from Lower Sandusky. SANDUSKY BAY, bay, Ohio, on S W. part of Lake Erie, 20 m. long, and 24 broad. SANDWICH, t. and cap. of Essex co. U.C. on Detroit river, 2 m. below Detroit. It is a considerable village, built chiefly on a single long street SANDWICH, t. Strafford co. N. H., N. of Squam Lake, 50 m. N. from Concord, and 72 NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,743. In the N. part of this town, there is a mountain near 3,000 feet high. SANDWICH, t. Barnstable co. Mass, on Barnstable Bay, 12 m. NNW. from Barnstable 54 SSE. from Boston. Pop. 3,367. Here is an academy. Sandwick river runs through the town into Barnstable Bay. SANDY, a N. t. of Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 765. SANDY, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 909. SANDY BAY, or Cove, bay, on the coast of Mass. N. of Cape Ann. Lon. 70 38 W. ; lat 42 41 N. SANDY CREEK, r. S.C. runs into the Con- garee. Lon. 81 40 W.; lat. 34 37 N. SANDY FORK, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 273 m. from W. SANDY HILL, v. in Kingsbury, N. Y. on E. side of the Hudson, 50 m. N. from Albany. It is delightfully situated, just above Baker s Falls, and is a regularly laid out, well built, and very flourishing village. It contains a woollen and a cotton factory, several iron works, and also a manufactory of cotton bagging from hemp. This village, with the township, contains 2,606 inhabitants. SANDY HOOK, small isl. on the coast of N. J. in the township of Middleton, 7 m. S. from Long Island, 25 S. from New York. It was formerly a peninsula. Sandy Hook, or Point, forms a capacious harbor. Here is a light-house, on the N. point of the Hook, in Ion. 72 2 W. ; lat. 40 26 N. SANDY HOOK, v. Culpeper co. Va. SANDY INLET, channel, between two small islands near the coast of N. C. Lon. 77 50 W.; lat. 34 1 9 N. SANDY LAKE, lake of the NW. territory of the U. S. forming one of the links in the chain of intercommunication between Lake Superior and Mississippi river. SANDY LAKE RIVER, r. of the NW. territory of the U. S. flows from Sandy Lake, and enters Mississippi river at lat. 47 N. At its outlet from Sandy Lake, the U. S* SW. Company have an establishment. SANDY LICK, r. Pa. runs into the Alle- ghany, about 15 m. below Toby s Creek. SANDY MOUNT, v. Greenville t. Va. 77 m. S. from Richmond. SANDY POINT, cape, on N. point of Nan- tucket island. Lon. 69 W. ; lat. 41 22 N. SANDY RIVER, Big, rises in the Laurel Mountains, and forms a part of the boundary between Virginia and Kentucky, and runs NNW. into the Ohio, 40 m. above the Scioto. SANDY RIVER, Little, Ken. runs into the Ohio, 20 m. below Big Sandy. SANDY RIVER, r. Me. runs into the Ken nebeck, 6 m. above Norridgewock. SANDY SPRING, v. Montgomery co Md. SANDY SPRING, v. Adams co. Ohio, 110 m. SSW. from Columbus. SANDYTOWN, p. Sussex co. N. J. 85 m. N. from Trenton. SANDYVILLE, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 136 m. NE. from Columbus. SANGAMOIN, r. II. unites with the Illi nois. It is navigable for boats 150 m. SANGAMOIN, co.Il. on Sangamoin r.bound- ed S. by Montgomery and Morgan, and W. by Fulton. Chief town, Springfield. Pop. 12,960, SAN SAV 401 SANGERFIELD, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 15 m. S. by W. from Utica. It is a considerable town, and contains a printing-office, from which is issued a weekly newspaper. SANGERVILLE, t. Penobscot co. Me. 38 m. NW. from Bangor. Pop. 776. SANTA CRUZ, one of the Caribbee islands. Lon. 64 35 W. ; lat. 17 45 N. SANTA FE, capital of New Mexico, in N. America, seated among mountains, near the Rio del Norte, 950 m. N. of Mexico. Lon. 106 35 W. ; lat. 35 32 N. SANTEE, r. S. C. formed by the union of the Congaree and Wateree. It runs into the sea by two mouths, N. and S. from Santee, 20 in. below Georgetown. Lat. 33 12 N. This river affords a navigation at some seasons nearly 300 miles, as high up as Morgantown, N. C. It is connected with Cooper river by a canal. The main branch in North Carolina is called Catawba. SANTIAGO, r. of Mexico, rising about 23 m. N W. from the city of Mexico, on the table land of Anahuac, flows through the intenden- cies of Mexico, Guanaxuato, Guadalaxara, and Valladolid, and after an entire course of about 370 m. falls into the Pacific Ocean, at the city of San Bias. Santiago is by far the largest stream of Mexico : it is navigable for some distance from its mouth, but the adjacent country is thickly wooded, uncultivated, and unhealthy. SARA, creek, La. in New Feliciana, rises in the state of Mississippi, near Woodville, and flowing S. crosses lat. 31 N. and falls into the Mississippi at St. Francisville, after an entire course of 25 m. SARANAC, r. N. Y. after a NE. course of 65 miles, flows into Lake Champlain, at Platts- burg. SARATOGA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by War ren co. E. by the Hudson, which separates it from Washington and Rensselaer cos. S. by Albany co. SW. by Schenectady co. and W. by Hamilton and Montgomery cos. Pop. 36,616. Chief town, Ballston. SARATOGA, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, 12 m. NE. from Ballston, 31 N. from Albany, 360 from W. Pop. 2,204. This town gives name to several celebrated mineral springs, which are spread over a tract of country about 12 m. in extent, in Saratoga county, and are known by different local names. The most noted are those of Saratoga and Ballston, which are the most celebrated mine ral waters in the United States. They are strongly impregnated with carbonic acid, and contain also carbonate of soda, muriate of soda, super-carbonated lime, and a carbonate of iron. These springs have long been a favorite resort during the summer months, not only for in valids, but for people of gaiety and fashion, who flock thither by thousands from every quarter of the Union. Here is a flourishing village, with a post-office, church, and a great number of excellent boarding-houses. Sara toga is memorable as the place where general Burgoyne surrendered the British army to general Gates, Oct. 17th, 1777. SASKACHAWAINE, great river of North 3 A America, is formed by two large branches, both rising in the Chippewan mountains, and flowing generally to the E. After a course of 600 m. they unite and flow 200 m. into th NW. bay of lake Winnipeg. The Severn, flowing from the eastern side of lake Winni peg, is the continuation of the Saskatchawaine and Assiniboine rivers. SASSAFRAS, r. of Md. rises on the con- fines of Del. and flowing W. between Kent and Cecil cos. falls into Chesapeake bay 11 m. S. from the mouth of the Susquehannah. SASSAFRAS, v. Kent co. Md. near the head of the Sassafras, 17 m. S. from Elkton. SATAUKET, v. in the township of Brook- haven, on N. side of Long- Island, 65 in. E. from New York. It contains an elegant Pres byterian, and an Episcopal church. It is pleas ant and healthy, and is the principal harbor for wood-vessels on N. side of the island. SATILLA, Great, r. Georgia, runs ESE. into the sea, N. of Cumberland island. SATILLA, Little, r. Georgia, runs into the sea, N. of the Great Satilla. SAUGATUCK, v. Fairfield co. Ct on the Saugatuck, 3 m. NE. from Norwalk. SAUGERTIES, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the W. bank of the Hudson, 13 m. N. from Kings ton, 52 S. from Albany. SAUGUS, t. Essex co. Mass. 2 J m. W. from Lynn, 8 SW. from Salem. Pop. 3,750. SAUQUOIT, v. Oneida co. N. Y. SAVAGE MOUNTAINS, mts. in Pennsyl vania, 110 m. NW. from Philadelphia. SAVAGE RIVER, r. Maryland, runs into the Potomac. SAVANNAH, r. U. S. which is formed by the union of the Tugeloo and Keowee. It separates S. Carolina from Georgia, and runs SE. into the Atlantic. It is navigable for large vessels to the town of Savannah 17m. and for boats of 100 feet keel to Augusta, which, by the course of the river, is 340 m. above Savan nah. Just above Augusta there are falls; be yond these the river is navigable for boats to the junction of the Tugeloo and Keowee. SAVANNAH, city and port of entry, Chat ham co. Geo. on SW. bank of the Savannah r, 17 m. from its mouth, 118 SW. from Charles ton, 123 SE. from Augusta, 160 ESE. from Milledgeville. Lon. 81 10 W. ; lat. 32 8 N Pop. 7,303. Its position is a low sandy plain. It was formerly built of wood, and insalubri ous from its marshy surface and contiguity to rice swamps. It has suffered severely from fires, but the parts destroyed have been hand somely rebuilt. The rice swamps in the im mediate vicinity are no longer inundated, and the health of the city is since much improved. It contains 12 public buildings, among which in the United States branch bank, and 8 churches. The Presbyterian church is an elegant and spacious edifice of stone. The Exchange is a large building, 5 stories high. The Academy is partly of brick and partly of stone, 180 feet front, 60 feet wide, and 3 stories high. There are 10 public squares planted with trees, a,rnong which the beautiful China trees are ^Lspicu- ous, It it a place of very great trad?, and has 402 SAV SCH SAVANNAH, AND ITS ENVIRONS. exported over 120,000 bales of cotton, besides large amounts of rice and tobacco, in a year. It is defended by 2 forts, and the entrance to the river indicated by a light-house on Tybco Island. In 1820, 463 buildings were destroyed by fire, valued at $4,000,000, BRANCH BANK OF THE UNITED STATES, AT SAVANNAH. SAVANNAH, name of two small rivers of the NW. Territory, one a head branch of the St. Louis, and the other of Sandy Lake rivers. The two Savannah rivers approach so near each other, as to leave onjy a short portage between them. SAVINTON, v.Cecil co, Md. lianufrom W. SAVOY, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 25 ra. NE. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston. SAWMILL CREEK, r. Md. runs into the Potomac. SAW PITT, v. Westchester co. N. Y. SAYBROOK, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on W. side of the Connecticut, near its mouth, oppo site Lyme, 17m. W. from New London, 35 E. from New Haven. Pop. 4,980. It contains 4 parishes, in each of which is a Congregational meeting-house ; and there are in the township 4 other houses of public worship, 2 for Baptists, I for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. This is a place of considerable importance for its manufactures of cennbs^ Thsre is also a man ufactory of augers and gimlets. SC ANTIC, r. Ct. runs into the Connecticut, in East Windsor. SCHAGHTICOKE, t. Rensselaer co. N.Y. on E. side of the Hudson, 17 m. N. from Al bany. Pop. 3,002. SCHAGHTICOKE POINT, v. in Schaghti- coke, at the mouth of the Hoosac, 20 m. N of Albany. SCHELLSBURG, v. Bedford co. Pa. SCHENECTADY, co. N. Y. on the Mo hawk, bounded NW. by Montgomery co. NE. by Saratoga co. S. by Albany co. and SW. by Schoharie co. Pop. 12,334. Chief town, Sche nectady. SCHENECTADY, city and cap. Schenec tady co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, 15 m. N W. from Albany, 391 from W. Pop. 4,258. The city is situated on SE. side of the Mohawk, on a handsome plain ; it is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, a college. SCH SCO 403 tin academy fur young ladies called the Wash ington Boarding-School, and several houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, for Dutch Reformed, for Episcopalians, and for Metho dists. An elegant bridge, 997 feet in length, is built in this place across the Mohawk. Union College is situated on E. side of the city, on an elevated spot of ground, and commanding a delightful prospect. It was founded in 1795, and is a very respectable and flourishing semi nary, with ample endowments. The buildings are 2 elegant brick edifices, each 200 feet in length, and 4 stories high, having each 2 wings extending 156 feet, and two boarding-houses. These buildings contain upwards of 100 rooms for the accommodation of students, rooms for the philosophical arid chemical apparatus, lec ture rooms, &.c. and accommodations for the officers of the college with their families. The libraries contain about 14,000 volumes. The philosophical apparatus and the chemical are complete. The whole number of graduates from the time of its foundation to 1830, was 1,202. The number of students ranges from 200 to 250. Commencement is held on the 4th Wednesday in July. There are 3 vaca tions ; the first from commencement, 7 weeks; the second from the Wednesday immediately preceding Christmas, 3 weeks ; the third from the first Wednesday in April, 3 weeks. There is connected with the college an academy con taining about 100 students. SCHODAC, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on E. side of the Hudson, 9 m. S. from Albany. SCHODAC LANDING, v. Columbia co. N. Y. SCHOENBRUNN, or Beautiful Spring, Moravian settlement, Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 3 m. below New Phila delphia. SCHOHARIE, co. central part of N. Y. bounded N. by Montgomery co. NE. by Sche- nectady, E. by Albany co. SE. by Greene co. SW. by Delaware co. and W. by Otsego co. Pop. 27,910. Chief town, Schoharie. SCHOHARIE, t. and cap. Schoharie eo. N. Y. 24 m. S. from Johnstown, 32 W. from Albany. Pop. 5,146. It is watered by a river of the same name. Schoharie village is situ ated on Schoharie flats, and contains the coun ty buildings, a printing-office, 2 churches, and a number of elegant houses. SCHOHARIE, r. N.Y. runs N. through Schoharie co. into the Mohawk, W. of Florida. Length 70 m. The alluvial flats on this river are from 1 to 2 m. wide, and are very fertile. SCHOHARIE KILL, v. in the W. part of Greene co. N. Y. 61 m. SW. from Albany. SCHOODIC LAKES, in Washington co. Me. about 40 m. NNW. from Machias, SCHOOLEY S MOUNTAIN, a mountain range and watering place, in Morris co. N. J. The watering place is in the SW angle of the co. about 20 m. NE. from Easton in Pa. SCHUYLER, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the N. side of the Mohawk river, 6 m. NE. from Utica. Pop. 2,074. SCHUYLER S LAKE, lake, N.Y. 9 m. long and 5 broad. 5 m. W. from Lake Otsego. SCHU YLERSVILLE, v. Saratoga co. N.Y. 24 m. N. from Albany. SCHUYLKILL, co. Pa. bounded by Berks SE. Dauplrln SW. Northumberland and Co- lumbia NW. Luzerne N. and Northampton and Le high NE. Length 37 m. mean width 13. Pop. in 1820, 11,339 ; in 1830, 20,783. Soil, rough, rocky, and sterile. Chief town, Orwigsburg. SCHUYLKILL, r. Pa. rises in Luzerne co. and runs SE. into the Delaware, 6 m. below Philadelphia. It is 140 m. long, and naviga ble for large merchant- vessels to Philadelphia. SCIOTO, salt-works, near the centre of Jackson co. Ohio, reserved by the U. S. about 28 m. SE. from Chillicothe. SCIOTO, one of the central towns of Ross co. Ohio, containing the town of Chillicothe. Pop. 4,1 2a SCIOTO, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on the W. side of Scioto river. Pop. 464. SCIOTO, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 462. SCIOTO, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 339. SCIOTO, co. Ohio, bounded by Ohio river S. Adams W. Pike N. Jackson NE. and Law. rence E. Length 30 m. mean width 19. Pop. in 1820, 5,749 ; in 1830, 8,730. Chief town, Portsmouth. SCIOTO, r. Ohio, rises near the sources of the Sandusky, has a course E. of S. passes by Columbus, Circleville, and Chillicothe, and runs into the Ohio at Portsmouth, 352 m. below Pittsburg. It is navigable for boats 130 m. and is connected with the Sandusky by a por tage of 4 m. A large part of the country wa tered by this river is very fertile. SCIOTO, Uttle, r. Ohio, flows into the Ohio, 20 m. below the Scioto. SCIOTO SALT SPRINGS, v.Ross co. Ohio. SCIPIO, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 11 m. S. from Auburn, 180 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,691. It lies on E. side of Cayuga Lake, and the township is about 10 m. square, fertile, and well cultivated. SCITUATE, t. and s-p. Plymouth co. Mass, on a bay of the same name, 17 m. SE. from Boston. Pop. 3,470. It contains 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians. SCITUATE, t. Providence co. R. I. 15 m. WSW. from Providence. Pop. 6,853. It con tains a bank and several cotton manufactories. SCONONDOA, v. Oneida co. N. Y. SCOTCH PLAINS, v. Essex co. N. J. 11 m. W. from Elizabethtown. SCOTLAND NECK, v. Halifax co. N.C. SCOTLAND SOCIETY, t. Windham co. Ct. between Windham and Canterbury, 34 m. a little S. of E. from Hartford. SCOTT, t. NW. corner Cortlandt co. N.Y. extending from the head of Skeneateles Lake, 25 m. NE. from Ithaca. Pop. 1,452. SCOTT, co. Va. bounded by Ten. S. Lee co. Va. W. Cumberland mountains or Va. N. Rus sell co. NE. and Washington SE. Length 40 m. mean width 28. Pop. in 1820, 4,263 ; in 1830, 5,702. Chief town, Estillville. SCOTT, v. Adams co. Ohio, 107 m. SSW from Columbus. 404 SCO SEN SCOTT, co. Ken. bounded by Fayette SE. Woodford SW. Franklin W. Owen N. and Har- rison NE. Length 14 m. mean width 13. Pop. in 1820, 14,219 ; in 1830, 14,677. Chief town, Georgetown. Soil highly productive. SCOTT, co. In. bounded by Clarke co. SE. Floyd S. Washington W. Jackson NW. Jen nings NE. and Jefferson E. Length 20 m. breadth 15. Pop. in 1820, 2,334; in 1830, 3,097. Chief town, New Lexington. It is watered by several branches of White river. SCOTTSBURG, v. Halifax co. Va. SCOTT S FERRY, v. Albemarle co. Va. SCOTTSVILLE, v. Gennessee co. N. Y. SCOTTSVILLE, v. Powhatan co. Va. about 30 m. W. from Richmond. SCOTTSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Al len co. Ken. on a small branch of Big Barren river, 45 m. E. from Russellville, and 160 SW. by S. from Frankfort SCRANENBURG, v. Bergen co. N. J. 6 m. NE. from Hackensack. It contains 2 Dutch churches. SCRIBA, t Oswego co. N. Y. at the mouth of the Oswego, 173 m. WNW. from Albany. Pop. 2,073. SCRIVEN, co. Geo. between Savannah and Ogeechee rivers, bounded by Effingham co. SE. Ogeechee river, or Bullock and Emanuel cos. SW. Burke NW. and Savannah river NE. Length 34 m. mean width 22. Pop. in 1820, 3,941 ; in 1830, 4,776. Chief town, Jackson- borough. SCHROON, t Essex co. N.Y., W. of Ticon- deroga. Pop. 1,644. It lies W. of Schroon Lake. SCHROON, r. N. Y. the E. branch of the Hudson. It runs from Schroon Lake into the Hudson, and has many falls. SCHROON LAKE, N. Y. 12 m. W. of the N. end of Lake George. It lies between Hague on the E. and Chester on the W. and is about 8 m. long, and 1 broad. SCUFFLETOWN, v. Laurens district, S.C. SCULL CAMP, v. Surrey district, N. C. SCULLTOWN, v, Salem co. N.J. 10 m. NE. from Salem. SEABROOK, t. Rockingham co. N, H. 7 m. N. from Newburyport, 17 SSW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 1,096. SEAFORD, v. Sussex co, N. J, SEAKONNET ROCKS, rocks on the coast of R. I. en E. side of the entrance of Narra- ganset Bay, 6 m. ESE. from Newport. SEAL, t. Fike co. Ohio. Pop, 1,173. SEAL ISLAND, isl. near the coast of Me. Lon. 68 3 40 W, ; lat. 43 50 N. SEAL ISLANDS, cluster of small islands, in the Atlantic, near the coast of Me. Lon. 67 3 46 W. ; lat. 44 45 N. SEARSBURG, v. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. E. from Benriington. SE ARSMONT, t. Waldo co. Me. 93 m, NE. from Portland. Pop. 1,151. SEARS VILLE, v. Sullivan co. N.Y. 103 m. SW. from Albany. SEBAGO, or Sebasticook, lake of Cumber land co. Me. out of the E. part of which flows Presumscut river. SEBASTIAN, St. town of Mexico. Lon. 105 5 W. ; lat. 24 20 N. SEBASTICOOK, r. Me. rises near the Pis cataquis, and flows into the Kennebeck on E. side, at Winslow. It passes through a large pond in Harmony, and receives a considerable eastern branch in Palmyra. Its whole length is 70 or 80 m. Great numbers of herrings are caught in it. SEBEC, t. Penobscot co. Me. 82 m. NNW. from Castine. Pop. 993. SEBEC, lake and river, Maine. Sebee Lake lies partly in Somerset co. and partly in Penobscot, drawing its remote confluents from the environs of Moose Head Lake. The out let, retaining the same name, unites with the Piscataquis. SEDGWICK, s-p. Hancock co. Me. on E. side of Penobscot Bay, 6 m. SE. from Castine, 260 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,606. SEEKHONK, name applied to Pawtucket river, below Pawtucket bridge and falls, to its junction with Providence river, a distance of 4 or 5 m. SEEKHONK, t. Bristol co. Mass, on E. side of Pawtucket or Seekhonk river, opposite North Providence, 19 m. WSW. from Taun- ton, 38 SSW. from Boston. Pop. 2,134. That part of Pawtucket village which belongs to Massachusetts is in this town. Here is a bank. SEGOVIA, Neio, town of N. America, in Guatemala, seated on the river Yare, on the confines of the province of Honduras. Lon. 84 20 W. ; lat. 13 y 25 N. SEGUIN, island, on the coast of Maine, about 3 m. from the mouth of Kennebeck river, 4 m. E. from Cape Small Point. Lon. 69 42 W. ; lat. 43 41 N. There is a light-house on this island. SELAM, town of N. America, in Mexico, situated near the sea-coast Lou. 90 28 W. ; lat 39 12 N. SELBY PORT, t Alleghany co. Md. 38 m. W. from Cumberland. SELIN S GROVE, v. Northumberland co. Pa. SELLERSVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa. in Rockhill town, 35 m. NNW. from Philadel phia. SELMA, v. Dallas co, AL 43 m. from Ca- hawba. SELSER TOWN, or Ellicotsville, t Adams co. Mississippi, about 15 m. NE. from Natchez SEMPRONIUS, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 14 m. SE. from Auburn, 160 W. from Albany. Pop. 5,705. It lies W. of Skeneateles Lake, and E. of Owasco Lake, and is a very valuable town ship. SENECA, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on W. side of Seneca Lake, 12 m. E. from Canandai^ua, 192 W. from Albany. Pop. 6,161. This is a very valuable township, and contains the flour ishing village of Geneva, which see. There is an extensive glass manufactory, 2 m. south from Geneva. SENECA, r. N. Y. flows from Seneca Lake NE. into the Oswego, in Cicero. Its whole course is about 60 m. It affords considerable SEN SHE 405 facilities for boat navigation, and furnishes valuable mill-seats. SENECA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Cayuga co. E. by Cayuga co. and lake, S. by Tomp- kins co. and W. by Seneca Lake and co. Pop. 21,031 . Chief towns, Waterloo and Ovid. SENECA, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. SENECA, co. Ohio, bounded N. by San- dusky, Huron E. Crawford S. and W. by Han cock and Wood. Length 30 m. breadth 18. Sandusky river flows across this co. from N. to S. Pop. 546. Chief town, Tiffin. SENECA, t. Monroe co. Ohio. Pop. 610. SENECA CREEK, r. Md. runs into the Potomac, 21 m. W. from W. SENECA FALLS, v. Seneca co. N. Y. on the outlet of Seneca Lake, 10 m. below Geneva, 4 m. below Waterloo, and 2 m. W. from Cay- uga bridge. SENECA LAKE, N. Y. from 6 to 15 m. W. from Cayuga Lake. It is 35 m. long, and from 2 to 4 broad. There is, on the bank of this lake, a quarry of marble, beautifully va riegated, of an excellent quality, and proof against fire. SENECAVILLE,v. Guernsey co. Ohio, 59 m. E. from Columbus. SEQUATCHEE, r. Ten. rises in Bledsoe co. runs SW. passing through the western part of the Cherokee country, and flows into the Tennessee. SESEME QUIAN, r. Indiana, runs into the Illinois. SEVERN, r. Md. runs by Annapolis into the Chesapeake, 2 m. below the town. SEVERN r. Va. runs into Chesapeake Hay, lat. 37 23 N. SEVIER, co. Tennessee bounded by Dusky Mountain or North Carolina SE. Monroe S. Blount W. Knox NW. Jefferson NE. and Cocke E. Length 33 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Sevierville. Pop. in 1820, 4,772 ; in 1830, 5,117. SEVIERVILLE, t. and cap. Sevier co. Ten. on a branch of the French Broad, about 30 m. SE. from Knoxville, 500 from W. SEWEE BAY, bay of the Atlantic, on the coast of S. Carolina. Lat. 32 58 N. SEWICKLY, r. Pa. runs W. into the Youghiogeny, 9 m. above the Monongahela. SEXTON S RIVER, r. Vt. rises in Grafton, and runs into the Connecticut, 2 m. S. from Bellows Falls. SHACKLEFORD, v. King and Queen co. SHADE, r, Ohio, flows into the Ohio, 10 m. below the Hockhocking. SHADE MOUNTAIN, mt. Pa. NE. of Lewistown, SHADY GROVE, v. Franklin co. Va. 228 m. SW. by W. from Richmond. SHAFFERSTOWN, v. in the NE. part of Lebanon co. Pa. 9 m. E. from Lebanon, and 32 E. from Harrisburg. SHAFTSBURY, t Bennington co. Vt. 7 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 2,143. It is a considerable and flourishing town, and con tains an academy. A quarry of good marble is found in this town. SHAKERSTOWN, t. Mercer co. Ken. SHAKER TOWN, t. Knox co. In. a little east of the Wabash, about 15 m. N. from Vin- cennes. SHALERSVILLE, t. Portage co. Ohio, N. from Ravenna. Pop. 757. SHALLOT CREEK, r. N. C. runs into the Atlantic, Ion. 78 38 W. ; lat. 33 51 N. SHAMBURG, t. Washington co. Mis. SHAMOKIN, r. Pa. runs into the Susque- hannah, a little below Sunbury. SHANDAKEN, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 20 ra. W. from Kingston. Pop. 966. SHANESVILLE, v. Mercer co. Ohio, 122 m. NW. from Columbus. SHANESVILLE, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on Sugar creek. SHAPLEIGH, t. York co. Me. on the Pis- cataqua, 35 NW. York, 108 NNE. from Bos ton. Pop. 1,480. SHAREMAN S CREEK, r. Pa. runs E. into the Susquehannah, a little below the Ju- niatta. SHARK RIVER, r. N. J. runs into the Atlantic, Ion. 74 4 W. ; lat. 40 10 N. SHARON, New, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 27 rn. NNW. from Augusta. Pop. 1,599. SHARON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 18 m. WSW. from Amherst, 48 SW. from Concord. Pop. 721. SHARON, t. Windsor co. Vt. 22 m. N. from Windsor. Pop. 1,459. SHARON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 17 m. SSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,024. SHARON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 15 m. WNW. from Litchfield. Pop. 2,613. Here J an academy. SHARON, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 10 m. W. from Schoharie. Pop. 4,247. SHARON, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 909. SHARON, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio. SHARON, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 704. SHARPS, isl. Dorchester co. Md. in the Chesapeake. SHARPSBURG, v. Hamilton co. Ohio. SHARPSBURG, t. Washington co. Md. about 2 m. from the Potomac, nearly opposite Shepherdstown, 14 m. SE. from Elizabethtown. Pop. 1,800. SHARPSBURG, v. Bath co. Ken. 59 m. E. from Frankfort. Pop. 158. SHARPTOWN, t Salem co. N. J. SHAWANGUNK, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 17 m, NW. from Newburgh. Pop. 2,681. SHAWANGUNK, mt. N. Y. 25 m. SW. from Kingston. SHAWNEETOWN, t. Gallatin co. II. on the Ohio, 9 m. below the mouth of the Wa bash. It contains a bank, a land-office, and a printing-office, from which is issued a weekly newspaper. This place has considerable trade in salt. The U. S. Saline, in the forks of Sa line river, is 12 m. from the town. This town is subject to annual inundation. SHAWSHEEN, r. Mass, runs NE. into the Merrimack, in N. part of Andover. SHEEPSCOT, v. Lincoln co. Me. SHEEPSCOT, r. Lincoln co. Me, runs into 406 SHE SHE the Atlantic, on E. side of Wiscasset, forming a bay at its mouth. SHEFFIELD, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 16 rn. N. from Danville, 45 NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 720. SHEFFIELD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. S. from Lenox, 30 SE. from Hudson, 125 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 2,392. It is wa tered by the Housatonnuc, which affords good seats for mills. South mountain extends the whole length of the town, on E. side of the river. SHEFFIELD, v. Lorain co. Ohio, 155 m. NNE. from Columbus. SHELBURNE, t in the British province of New Brunswick, at Port Roseway, extends 2 m. on the water-side, and 1 m. back, with wide streets crossing each other at right an gles. The harbor is deep, capacious, and se cure. SHELBURNE, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake Charaplain, 7 m. S. from Burlington Pop. 1,123. SHELBURNE, t. Coos co. N. H. on the Androscoggin, 22 m. ESE. from Lancaster. Pop. 312. SHELBURNE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 4 m. W. from Greenfield, 100 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 985. SHELBY, v. M Comb co. Mich. 38 m. from Detroit SHELBY, t Orleans co. N.Y. adjoining Niagara co. N. from the Tonnewanta reserva tion, and S. from the Erie canal. Pop. 2,043. SHELBY, co. Ken. bounded by Salt river or Nelson co. S. Bullitt SW. Jefferson W. Henry N. and Franklin E. and SE. Length 26 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Shelby- ville. Pop. in 1820, 21,047 ; in 1830, 19,039. SHELBY, co. in the western part of Ohio, bounded N. by Allen, E. by Logan, S. by Mi ami, and W. by Darke. It is about 20 miles square. It is watered by the Great Miami river and Loramie s creek, beside several of their tributaries. Pop. in 1820, 2,106 ; in 1830, 3,671. Chief town, Sydney. SHELBY, SW. co. Ten. bounded by the state of Mississippi S. Mississippi river W. anc Madison co. in Ten. N. and E Length 34 m. width 30. Pop. in 1820, 354 ; in 1830, 5,652, Chief town, Memphis. SHELBY, co. Al. bounded by Coosa river E. Bibb co. S. Tuscaloosa SW. Jefferson NW and St. Clair N. Length 40 m. width 36. Chief town, Shelbyville. Pop. in 1820, 2,416; in 1830, 5,521. SHELBY, co. In. bounded by Bartholomew S. Johnson W. Marion NW. Madison N. Rush E. and Decatur SE. Length 24 m. breadth 18 Pop. 6,294. Chief town, ShelbyviJle. SHELBY COURT-HOUSE, Shelby cc, Al 93 m. N. from Cahawba. SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap. Shelby co Ken. on Brashan s creek, 12 m. above its June tion with Salt river, 22 m. WSW. from Frank, fort, 572 from W. Pop. 1,201. It contains a court-house, a bank, a printing-office, and a meeting-house. SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap. Bedford co Ten. on Duck river, 50 m. SSE. from Nash- ille, 692 from W. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a bank, and a print- ng-office. SHELDON, t. Franklin co. Vt. on the Mi- chiscoui, 16 m. E. from Lake Champlain. Pop. L,427. Here are several forges, and a furnace or casting hollow-ware. SHELDON, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 20 m. SW. from Batavia, 270 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,731. SHELLDRAKE RIVER, r. Canada, runs nto the river St. Lawrence, in Ion. 64 50 W. ; at 50 20 N. SHELLDRAKE, r. Michigan territory, runs nto lake Superior, 24 m. W. from point Iro- quois. SHELL KEY, isl. in the Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 89 15 W. ; lat. 29 48 N. SHELTER ISLAND, isl. near E. end of Long Island, 100 m. E. from N. Y. Pop. 330. It is 7 m. long, and 5 broad. This island and Great Hog-Neck island constitute a town. SHENANDOAH, co. Va. bounded N. by Frederick co. SE. by Culpeper and Madison cos. SW. by Rockingham co. and W. by Hardy co. Pop. 19,750. Chief town, Woodstock. SHENANDOAH, r. Va. rises in Augusta co. and after a course of about 200 m. joins the Potomac in lat. 38 4 N. just before the latter bursts through the Blue Ridge. See Harper s Ferry. It waters a fertile country, and is navigable for boats 100 m. SHENANDOAH FORK, v. Shenandoah co. Va. SHENEVAS CREEK, r. N.Y. in Otsego co. It runs SW. 25 m. and joins the Susque- hannah. SHENLEY, t. Buckingham co. L. C. on Chaudiere river, 54 m. S. from Quebec. SHEPAUG, r. Ct. runs S. into the Quine- baug, in W. part of Southbury. SHEPHERD S CREEK, r. La. runs into the Missouri, 83 m. W. from the Mississippi. SHEPHERDSTOWN, v. Belmont co. Ohio. SHEPHERDSTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Va. on the Potomac, 10 m. E. by S. from Martins- burg. Pop. 1,200 principally Germans and their descendants. SHEPHERDSVILLE, t. and cap. Bullitt co. Ken. on Salt river, 14 m. from its junction with the Ohio, 20 m. S. from Louisville, 70 W from Lexington. Pop. 278. SHERBURNE, t. Rutland co. Vt. 13 m. E. from Rutland. Pop. 452. SHERBURNE, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 900. SHERBURNE, t. Chenango co.N.Y. 11 m. N. from Norwich, 98 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,574. It is watered by the Chenango, is a valuable township, and contains a handsome village, a printing-office, valuable mills, and some manufactures. SHERBURNE, v. Beaufort district, S. C. 214 m. from Columbia. SHERBURNE MILLS, v. Fleming co. Ken SHERMAN, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 43 m. NW from New Haven. Pop. 947 SHESHEQUIN, v. Bradford co. Pa. SHE-SIR 407 SHETUCKET, r. Ct. joins the Yantic at Norwich, to form the Thames. SHIELDSBOROUGH, t. Hancock caMiss. on the bay of St. Louis, 39 m. by land ENE. from New Orleans, 60 by water. It has a very pleasant and healthy situation, elevated from 20 to 40 feet above tide-water, contains about 600 inhabitants, and is a place of considerable resort from New Orleans, during the sickly season. The bay is navigable to the town for vessels drawing 7 feet. SHIELDS RIVER, r. N. America, runs into the Missouri, 7 m. below the Great Falls. SHINNTOWN, v. Harrison co. Va. on the W. fork of Monongahela, at the mouth of Sim- son s creek, 8 m. NNE. from Clarksburg, and 235 a little N. of W. from Washington. SHIPPENSBURG, t. Cumberland co. Pa. 20 m. N. by E. from Cham her sburg, 20 SW. from Carlisle, 140 W. from Philadelphia. Pop. 1,621. It is a considerable town, situated on a branch of the Conedogwinet creek, and con tains a market-house, and several houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, Dutch Re formed, and Methodists. SHIPPINGPORT, v. Jefferson co. Ken. on the Ohio, 2 miles below Louisville. Pop. 607. Here are a ship-yard, rope- walk, and a flour- mill. SHIRLEY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 6 m. WSW. from Groton, 41 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 991. Here are cotton manufactories. SHIRLEYSBURG, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. SHOAL CREEK, r. II. has a course S. by W. of about 70 miles, and joins the Kaskaskia, in lat 38 27 N. It is a fine and rapid stream and navigable for boats about 30 miles. SHOAL INLET, channel, between two small islands, on the coast of N. Carolina, Ion. 77 58 W. ; lat. 34 5 N. SHOCCOE SPRINGS, in Warren co. N. C. 8 m. S. from Warrenton. These mineral waters are much resorted to. Here is an academy. SHOREHAM, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, 49 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 2,137. Here is an academy. SHOREHAM, New, t. Newport co. R. I. on Block Island, 23 m. SSW. from Newport. Pop. 1,885. SHORT CREEK, t Harrison co. Ohio. Pop. 2,184. SHREWSBURY, t. Rutland co. yt. 22 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,289. SHREWSBURY, t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. ENE. from Worcester, 38 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,386. It is a pleasant town. SHREWSBURY, t. Monmouth co. N. J. 11 m. E. from Freehold, 47 NE. from Trenton, 77 NE. from Philadelphia. This is a neatly built and pleasantly situated town, has several fine churches, and is a place of considerable resort for company from Philadelphia and New York, during the warm season. SHREWSBURY, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 2,571. SHREWSBURY, v. Kenhawa co. Va. 306 m. NW. by W. from Richmond, SHREWSBURY, r. N. J. runs into the At- lantic, Ion. 74 2 W. ; lat. 40 22 N. SHUTESBURY, t. Franklin co. Mass. 16 m. SE. from Greenfield, 80 W. from Boston. Pop. 987. Here is a well in which a fountain of medicinal water was opened by an earth quake, in July 1815, the waters of which are found beneficial in many cutaneous diseases. SIDDONSBURG, v. York co. Pa. 32 m. from Harrisburg. SIDELING CREEK, r. Md. flows on the E. side of Sideling mountain, and runs into the Potomac. SIDELING MOUNTAINS, range, extend ing through Huntingdon and Bedford cos. Pa. and Alleghany co. Md. SIDNEY, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on the Ken. nebeck, opposite Vassalborough, 8 m. N. from Augusta, 178 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,191. SIDNEY, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the Sus- quehannah, 25 m. W. from Delhi. Pop. 1,410. SI LAO, t. Mexico, in Guanaxuato, 20 m. NW. by W. from the city of Guanaxuato. SILVER LAKE, v. Genesee co. N. Y. 267 m. a little N. of W. from Albany. SILVER CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the Kentucky. SIMMON S ISLAND, small island on the coast of S. Carolina. Lon. 80 10 W. ; lat. 32 38 N. SIMONSBURG, v. Southampton co. Va. SIMPSON, co. Ken. bounded by Ten. S. Logan co. in Ken. W. and NW. Warren N. and Allen E. Length 25 m. mean width 16. Chief town, Franklin. Pop. in 1820, 4,852 ; in 1830, 6,099. SIMPSONSVILLE, v. Shelby co. Ken. 34 m. from Frankfort. Pop. 77. SIMPSONVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md. 8 m. from W. SIMSBURY, t. Hartford co.Ct 11 m. NW. from Hartford. Pop. 2,221. SINEGAR CREEK, r. Md. runs into the Potomac. SING-SING, v. and landing in Mount Pleas ant, N. Y. on the Hudson, 36 m. N. from New York.. SINKING SPRING, v. Highland co. Ohio, 23 m. SE. from Chillicothe. SINKING SPRING, v. Berks co. Pa. 4 m. W. from Reading. SIOUX, r. La. runs S. into the Missouri, 253 m. above the Platte, SIOUX, Little, r. La. runs into the Mis- souri, 733 m. from the Mississippi. SIPPO, r. Ohio, flows into the Scioto, 5 m below Circleville. SIPSY, r. Al. runs into the Tombigbee, Lon. 87 51 W. ; lat. 32 22 N. SIR JAMES LANCASTER S SOUND, opens from Baffin s Bay, lat. 74 47 N. and immediately W. from the meridian of W. This great inlet was explored by captain Parry, of the British navy, who entered it in 1820, and wintered 1820-21, as far as 111 degrees W. from London, and decided the geography of these region* to 117 W. This very important voyage has shown the separation of Greenland^ 408 SIS SxMY from North America, upwards of 200 m. NW. from Cape Farewell, and lias placed beyond a doubt the existence of a Polar continent, or Archipelago, detached from, or but very slight ly united to, North America or Asia. SISTER ISLANDS, three small islands to wards the western extremity of Lake Erie, called the Eastern, Western, and Middle Sis ters. They are all small, the largest not ex ceeding 10 acres. SKENEATELES, v. in the township of Marcellus, Onondaga co. N. Y. 7 m. E. from Auburn, 163 W. from Albany. It is most de lightfully situated around the W. end of Ske- neateles Lake, and is a large, handsome, and flourishing village. SKENEATELES, lake, in W. part of Onondaga co. N. Y. 15 m. long, and from J to 1 broad. Skeneateles creek flows from the N. end to Seneca river, about 10 miles, and affords many fine mill-seats. SKINNERSVILLE, v. Washington co. N.C. SKITPOPING, lake, N. C. Lon. 76 42 W. ; lat. 35 45 N. SKUPPERNONG, r. N.C. communicates by means of a canal with the lake in Dismal Swamp. SKUTTOCK HILLS, eminences on the coast of Me. which afford sailing marks into Goldsborough harbor. SLABTOWN, v. Burlington co. N, J. 7 m. E. from Burlington. SLATE MOUNTAIN, mt. Va. 6 m. W. from Richmond. Lon. 72 W.; lat. 37 35 N. SLATE RIVER, r. Va, runs into James river, lat 37 40 N. SLATERSVILLE, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. 210 m. W. from Albany. SLAUGHTER CREEK, bay on the coast of Maryland, in the Chesapeake. SLAUGHTER RIVER, r. N. America, runs into the Missouri, 121 m. below the Great Falls. SLAVE LAKE, large lake of British N. America, between lat. 60 30 and 62 30 N. It extends nearly E. and W. 350 m. with a mean width of about 40, between Ion. 33 and 42 W. from W. The Unjigah river enters its SE. and leaves it at its NW. ex tremity. SLAVE RIVER, of British America, the outlet of Athapescow Lake. SLIPPERY ROCK, river, Pa. on the SE. branch of Beaver, rises in Butler, Venango, and Mercer cos. by a number of creeks, which unite in Beaver and fall into Big Beaver river, 12 m. N. from the borough of Beaver. SLOANSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 48 m. westerly from Albany. SLOANSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 155 m. SW. from Raleigh. SLOKUM S ISLAND, one of the Elizabeth Islands, in Buzzard s Bay, Mass. SMETHPORT, t. and cap. M Kean co. Pa. 45 m. E. from Warren, 273 from W. SMITH, co. Ten. bounded by Kentucky N. Jackson co. E. White and Warren SE. Wil son SVV. and Sumner W Length 36 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Carthage. Pop. in 1820, 17,580 ; in 1830, 21,492. SMITH, t. Belmont co. Ohio. SMITH S ISLAND, island N. C. at the mouth of Cape Fear river. Cape Fear is the SE. point of it. SMITH S ISLAND, small island in the Atlantic, near the coast of Virginia. This is one of a cluster collectively called Smith s Isl ands. Lon. 75 52 W. ; lat. 37 15 N. SMITH S POINT, cape, on the coast of Virginia, forming the S. limit of the Potomac. Lat. 37 54 N. SMITH S POND, lake, in Wolfsborough, N. H. 3 m. long. SMITH S RIVER, r. N. H. runs into the Merrirnack, in N. part of New Chester. SMITH S RIVER, r. Rockingham co. N. C. runs into the Dan. SMITHFIELD, t. Providence co. R. I. on the Pawtucket, 12 m. N. from Providence. Pop. 3,994. It is a considerable town, and contains 2 banks, an academy, several manu factories of cotton goods and scythes, and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Friends, and 1 for Congregationalists. SMITHFIELD, t. Madison co. N. Y. 29 m. WSW. from Utica. Pop. 2,636. It is a valu able township, and contains the village of Pe terborough. SMITHFIELD, v. Hopkins co. Ken. SMITHFIELD, v. Isle-of-Wight co. Va. on Pagan creek, about 6 m. above its entrance into James river, 32 WNW. from Norfolk. It is a great depot for hams, which are exported in large quantities. Pagan creek is navigable to this place for boats of 20 tons. SMITHFIELD, t. and cap. Johnson to N. C. on the Neuse, 27 m. SE. from Raleigh, about 110 m. NW. from Newbern, and 313 from W. It is situated on a handsome plain, and contains a court-house and jail, and has some trade. SMITHFIELD, t Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 2,214. SMITH GROVE, v. Warren co. Ken. 173 m. SW. from Frankfort SMITHLAND, t. Livingston co. Ken. on the Ohio, 3 rh. below the mouth of the Cum berland. Pop. 388. SMITHSBOROUGH,v. in Owego, N. Y. SMITHTOWN, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on N. side of Long Island, 53 m. E. from New York. Pop. 1,686. SMITHVILLE, t. Chenango co. N Y 13 m. SE. from Norwich. Pop. 1,829 SMITHVILLE, t. Brunswick co. N. C. near the mouth of Cape Fear river. SMOCKVILLE, t. Jefferson co. In. SMOKEHILL, r. Louisiana runs into the Kansas. SMYRNA, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 10 m. N. from Norwich, 105 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,897. SMYRNA, a flourishing town in Kent co. Delaware, on Duck creek, about 10 m. above its mouth, 12 NNW. from Dover, 28 S. from Newcastle, 120 from W. Pop. about 1,000, SMY SON 409 It contains a bank and an academy, and carries on considerable trade with Philadel phia. SMYTHFIELD, t. Somerset co. Pa. 193 m. from W. SNAKE CREEK, r. La. runs into the Mis souri, 246 m. from the Mississippi. SNEYDSBOROUGH, t. Richmond co. N.C. on the Yadkin, 200 m. by water, and 120 by land, above Georgetown, S. C. SNICKER S GAP, v. Loudon co. Va. SNOW RIVER, r. N. America, runs into the Missouri 35 m. below the Great Falls. SNOWHILL, t. port of entry, and cap. Worcester co. Md. on the Pocomoke, 25 m. from its mouth, 125 S. from Philadelphia. Lon. 75 30 W. ; lat. 38 10 N. It is pleas antly situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a bank, 3 houses of public worship, and about 1,200 inhabitants, and has considerable trade. SNOWHILL, v. Greene co. N.C. SNOWHILL, v. Clinton co. Ohio, 84 m. SW. from Columbus. SOCIETY-LAND, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 25 m. SW. from Concord. Pop. 164. SOCONUSCO, province of Guatemala, NW. from the city of Guatemala, 88 m. long, and nearly as much broad ; bounded on the N. by the Chiapi, on the E. by Guatemala, on the S. by the Pacific Ocean, and on the W. by the Guaxaca. SOCONUSCO, town of New Spain, capital of a province of the same name, 440 m. SE. of Mexico. Lon. 15 50 W.; lat. 15 12 N. from W. SODUS, bay, of N. York, on the S. shore of Lake Ontario, between Seneca and Ontario cos. It is completely secure, 12 m. N. from Lyons, on the Erie canal. It will admit ves sels drawing 7 or 8 feet water. SODUS, Little, small bay, 12 m. E. from the preceding. SODUS, t. Wayne co. N. Y. on Great Sodus Bay, S. side of Lake Ontario, 30 m. NE. from Canandaigua, 212 W. from Albany. Pop. 3,528. The principal village is called Troup- ville. Iron ore is found in this town. Great Sodus Bay is 7 m. long, and 3 broad, and is accounted the best harbor on the south side of the Lake. SOLDIER S RIVER, r. La. runs into the Missouri, 689 m. from the Mississippi. SOLOMON S RIVER, La. runs into the Kansas. SOLON, t. Somerset co. Me. on the Ken- lebeck, 18 m. N. from Norridgewock. Pop. "68. SOLON, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 10 m. E. from Homer, 132 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,033. SOMERS, t. Tolland co. Ct. 8 m. E. from Enfield, 24 NE. from Hartford. Pop. 1,439. SOMERS, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 50 m. N. from New York. Pop. 1,997. It has a pleas ant village, which contains a printing-office, and has some trade. SOMERSET, co. Me. bounded by Kennebeck S.Oxford W. Lower Canada NW. and Penob- 3B scot E. Pop. in 1820, 21,787; in 1830, 35,786. Chief town, Norridgewock. This co. includes a space 180 m. long, by upwards of 50 wide. The principal settlements are in the southern part, on Kennebeck river, but a great portion is yet uninhabited. SOMERSET, r. Me. which joins the Ken nebeck, at Alna. SOMERSET, t. Windham co. Vt. 14 m. ENE. from Bennington. Pop. 245. SOMERSET, t. Bristol co. Mass. 13 m. SSW. from Taunton, 42 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,024. SOMERSET, co. N. J. bounded N. by Mor ris co. E. by Essex and Middlesex cos. SE. by Middlesex co. and W. by Hunterdon co. Pop. 17,689. Chief town, Somerville. SOMERSET, co. S. side of Pa. bounded N. by Cambria co. E. by Bedford co. S. by Mary, land, and W. by Fayette and Westmoreland cos. Pop. 17,441. Somerset is the capital. SOMERSET, bor. and cap. Somerset co. Pa. 35 m. W. from Bedford, 61 ESE. from Pitts- burg, 165 from W. Pop. 649. It is a pleas ant town, and contains a court-house, a jail, and a meeting-house. SOMERSET, co. Md. bounded N. by Dela ware, E. by Worcester co. S. by Pocomoke Bay, W. by the Chesapeake, and NW. by Dor chester co. Pop. 20,155. Chief town, Prin cess Anne. SOMERSET, t. and cap. Perry co. Ohio, 18 m. W. from Zanesville, 53 NE. from Chilli- cothe, 354 from W. Pop. 576. SOMERSET, t. and cap. Pulaski co. Ken. 12 m. SSE. from Stanford, 601 from W. Pop. 231. It is situated in a fertile country. SOMERSET, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,790. SOMERSET, v. Franklin co. In. 81 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. SOMERSET FORGE, v. Somerset co. Pa. SOMERSWORTH, t. Strafford co. N.H. 4 m. NE. from Dover, and 15 NNW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 3,090. SOMERTON, v. near the S. boundary of Nansemond eo. Va. 40 m. SW. from Norfolk, and 124 SE. from Richmond. SOMERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Som erset co. N. J. on Raritan river, 16 m. above New Brunswick, and 38 N. from Trenton. It has a delightful situation, in a fertile and highly cultivated country, and has a hand some appearance. SOMERVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 56 m. from W. and 133 a little W. of N. from Rich mond. SOMERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, on Locust Fork of Black Warrior or Tusealoosa river, Morgan co. Al. about 50 m. a little E. of S. from Huntsville. SONORA Y SINALOA, state of Mexico, bounded E. by the states of Chihuahua and Durango, SE. and S. by Jalisco, W. and SW. by the Gulf of California, and N. by the river Gila, and the native Indian regions of Apa- cheria. Length from N. to S. 1,340 m. mean width about 200, area 268,000 sq. mi. The existing white and civilized population of tktt 410 SOR SOU very extensive country amounts, it is mos probable, to less than 200,000, or less than single person to the sq. m. SOREL, t L. C. on St. Lawrence river, im mediately below the mouth of Sorel river. I is a regularly built town, containing abou 2,000 inhabitants. SOREL, r. L. C. the outlet of Lake Cham plain. It admits ship navigation to St John s From thence to the basin of Chambly, the cur rent is strong, and impeded by shoals anc rapids ; but from Chambly to the mouth, gentle The distance from Lake Champlain, to St John s, about 20 m. and from thence to the mouth 55 m. It is the channel of an extensive down-stream trade, in flour, lumber, pot anc pearl ashes. SOUCOOK, r. N.II. rises in Gilmanton and runs SW. into the Merrimack river, N of Pembroke. SOUHEGAN, r. rises in W. part of Hills borough co. N. H. and runs E. into the Merri mack river, in the town of Merrimack, oppo site Litchfield. SOUTHAMPTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H 18 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 487. SOUTHAMPTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass 9 m. SW. from Northampton, and 98 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,253. In this town there is a lead mine. The ore yields from 50 to 60 per cent, of pure, soft lead. SOUTHAMPTON, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on S. side of Long Island, 100 m. E. from New York. Pop. 4,850. Sag Harbor, Westhamp- ton, Southampton, and Bridge Hampton, in each of which there is a post-office, are in this township. SOUTHAMPTON, co. SE. part of Va bounded NW. by Sussex and Surrey cos. E. by Isle of Wight and Nansemond cos. S. by North Carolina, and SW. by Greensville co. Pop 16,073. Chief town, Jerusalem. SOUTH BAINBRIDGE, v. Chenango co, N. Y. on Susquehannah river, 17 m. S. from Norwich. SOUTH BAY, bay on the coast of Long Island, extending from Hempstead to South ampton. SOUTH BAY, an arm of Lake Champlain extending- W. ftom the S. extremity. SOUTH BERWICK, t. York co. Maine. Pop. 1,577. SOUTHBOROUGH, t. Worcester eo. Mass. 18 m. NNE. from Worcester, and 28 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,080. SOUTH BRIDGE, t. S. part of Worcester co. Mass. 54 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,444. SOUTH BRIDGEWATER, t. in the NW. part of Plymouth eo. Mass, 36 m. SSE. from Boston. SOUTHBUR Y, t. New Haven co. Ct. 22 m. NW. from New-Haven. Pop. 1,557. SOUTH CANAAN, parish in the town of Canaan, Litchfield co. Ct. on Housatonnuc r. 20 m. NNW. from Litchfield, and 44 NW. by W. from Hartford. SOUTH CREEK, r. N.C. runs into Pam- lico Sound. Lou. 76 48 W, ; lat. 34 54 N. SOUTH-EAST, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 18 m. E. from West-Point. Pop. 2,042. SOUTH FLORENCE, v. in the northern part of Franklin co. Al. SOUTH GATE, v. Campbell co. Ken. 81 m. NNE. from Frankfort. SOUTH GERMAN, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 15 m. NW. by W. from Norwich. SOUTH GLASTONBURY, t. Hartford co Ct. on the E. side of the Connecticut river, 8 m. SE. from Hartford. SOUTH HADLE Y, t. Hampshire co. Mass, on the E. bank of the Connecticut river, 5 m. below Northampton. A fall of 50 feet in the Connecticut river at this place, has been over- come by a dam and a canal of 712 perches in length, with 5 locks. The whole canal is cut through the solid rock. Pop. 1,185. It con tains a flourishing academy. SOUTH HARPERSFIELD, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the head of Oquago, branch of Delaware river, 96 m. SW. by W. from Al bany. SOUTH HERO, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on an island in Lake Champlain, 15 m. NNW. from Burlington. Pop. 717. SOUTH HILL, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. SOUTH HILL, v. Muhlenburg co. Va. SOUTH MOUNTAIN, mt. Pa. on the W side of Adams co. SOUTHINGTON, t Trumbull co. Ohio. SOUTHINGTON. t. Hartford co. Ct. 18 m. SW. from Hartford, 325 from W. Pop. 1,844. SOUTH KILLINGLY, v. Windham co. Ct. 45 m. E. from Hartford. SOUTH KINGSTON, t. and seat of jus tice, Washington co. R. I. at the mouth of Narraganset bay, 20 m. SW. from Providence, 389 from W. Pop. 3,663. SOUTH KORTRIGHT, t Delaware co. N. Y. on the head of Charlotte river, branch of the Susquehannah, situated between Harpers- field and Broomville. SOUTH LEICESTER, t. Worcester co. Mass, on the head of French river, branch of Quinebaug river, 10 m. SW. from Worcester. SOUTH NEW BERLIN, t. Chenango co. V. Y. on the Susquehannah river, below New Berlin, and 10 m. NE. from Norwich. SOUTHOLD, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on NE part of Long Island. Pop. 2,900. SOUTH ORANGE, t. Franklin co. Mass, m Miller s river, 20 m. E. from Greenfield, and 73 a little N. of W. from Boston. SOUTH PARIS, t. Oxford co. Me. 47 m NNW. from Portland. SOUTH PEMBROKE, t. on the western xwder of Genesee co. N. Y 30 m. E. from Buf falo, and 12 SW. from Batavia. SOUTH QUAY, v. Nansemond co. Va. SOUTH RIVER, r. Md. runs into theChes- peake, 6 m. S. from Annapolis. SOUTH RIVER, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 32 n. from Trenton. SOUTH RIVER, small bay, extending NW. rom the Chesapeake Bay, in Ann-Arundel co. Md. 6 m. S. from Annapolis. SOUTH RUTLAND, v. Jefferson co. N.Y, SOU SPR 411 on the head of Sandy creek, 15 in. SE. by E. from Sacket s Harbor. SOUTH SALEM, t. Westchester co. N. Y. about 50 m. N. by E. from New York. Pop. 1,557. SOUTH SANDWICH, t Barnstable co. Mass, situate on the western border of the co, between Sandwich and Marchpee, 60 m. SSE. from Boston. SOUTH SCITUATE,t. Providence co. R. I. 12 m. SW. by W. from Providence. SOUTH SOLON, t on Kennebeck r. Som erset co. Me. 40 m. N. from Augusta, and 103 a little E. of N. from Portland. SOUTH SPARTA, v. near the southern boundary of Livingston co. N. Y. 30 m. SW. from Canandaigua. SOUTH TAMWORTH, t. in the northern part of Strafford co. N. H. on Bear Camp creek of Ossipee lake, 65 m. NNE. from Concord. SOUTHVILLE, v. St Lawrence co. N. Y. SOUTHWICK, t. Hampden co. Mass. Pop. 1,855. SOUTHWOLD, t. Middlesex co. U. C. on Lake Erie. SOUTH YARMOUTH, v. Barnstable co. Mass. SP AFFORD, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on E. side of Skeneateles Lake, 13 m. S. from Onon daga, Pop. 2,647. SP AFFORD S LAKE, in Chesterfield, N. H. It is 2 miles long. SPAGGOT, r. rises in N. H. and runs into the Merrimack, in Methuen. SPANISH GROVE, v. Mecklenburg co. Virginia. SPARTA, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 25 m. SW. from Canandaigua. Pop. 1,943. SPARTA, t. and cap. Hancock co. Geo. 25 in. NE. from Milledgeville, 64 SW. from Au gusta, 618 from W. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting-house, and 2 respectable academies. SPARTA, v. and seat of justice, White co. Ten. on Calfkiller s fork of Craney river, 65 m. E. from Murfreesborough, 75 SE. by E. from Nashville, 623 from W. SPARTA, v. and seat of justice, Conecuh co. Al. on Murder creek, branch of Coneeuh r. about 70 m. a little E. of N. from Pensacola, 90 NE. from Mobile, 971 from W. SPARTANBURG, district, S. C. bounded by N. Carolina N. York and Union districts E. Enoree river or Laurens S. and Greenville W. Length 40 m. mean width 22. Chief town, Spartanburg. Pop. in 1820, 16,989 ; in 1830, 21,148. SPARTANBURG, t. and cap. Spartanburg district, S. C. 35 m. NE. from Greenville, 477 from W. SPEEDSVILLE, v. Tioga co. N. Y. SPEEDWELL, v. Claiborne co. Ten. 200 m. NE. by E. from Murfreesborough. SPEEDWELL MILLS, v. Barnweli dis trict, S. C. SPEIGHTSTOWN, s-p. of Barbadoes, on the W. side of the island. Lon. 58 31 W. ; lat. 13 3 15 N. SPEIGLETOWN, v. iu the N W. corner of Rensselaer co. N. Y. SPENCER, co. In. bounded by Ohio r. S. Warwick co. W. Dubois N. and Perry E.; length 30 m. breadth 12. It is generally hilly and broken, but the soil is very good. Chief town, Rockport Pop. in 1820, 1,882; in 1830, 3,187. SPENCER, v. and seat of justice, Owen co. In. on a small creek of White river, about 50 m. SW. from Indianapolis, 624 from W. SPENCER, t. Worcester co. Mass. 11 m. WSW. from Worcester, 51 WSW. from Bos- ton. Pop. 1,618. SPENCER, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 54 m, S. from Auburn, 191 WSW. from Albany. Pop. 1,253. SPENCER MOUNTAINS mts. Me. 10m. E. of Moosehead Lake. SPENCERTOWN, v. in Hillsdale, N. Y. SPITHEAD CREEK, r. America, runs into the Ohio. SPLIT-ROCK CREEK, r. La. runs into the Missouri, 170 m. W. from Mississippi. SPOON, r. II. rises between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, at Lat 41 20 N. and falls into the former 150 m. above its influx into the Mississippi. SPOTS WOOD, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 9 m. SE. from New Brunswick. It contains an Episcopal church, a powder-mill, 2 snufl-niills, and upwards of 30 houses. SPOTSYLVANIA, co. Va. bounded N. by the Rappahannock, SE. by Caroline co. SSW by Hanover and Louisa cos. and NW. by Orange co. Pop. 15,227. Chief town, Fred- ericksburg. SPREAD EAGLE, v. Delaware co. Pa. SPRIGG, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,739. SPRINGBOROUGH, v. Warren co. Ohio. SW. from Columbus. SPRING CREEK, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 1,061. SPRINGFIELD, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 930. SPRINGFIELD, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 1,207. SPRINGFIELD, t Loudon co. Va. SPRINGFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Va. on S. branch of the Potomac, 10 m. NE. from Romney, 58 WNW. from Winchester. SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Washington co. Ken. 30 m. NW. from Danville, 600 from W. Pop. 618. It contains a bank. SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Robertson co. Ten. on Sulphur Fork, 25 m. N. from Nash ville. Pop. 700. Fourteen miles E. of this town there is a mineral spring, which is much re sorted to. SPRINGFIELD, t Windsor co. Vt on the Connecticut, opposite Charlestown, 13 m. SSW from Windsor. Pop. 2,749. SPRINGFIELD, t. Sullivan co. N. H. 3fe m. NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,202. SPRINGFIELD, t Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. NE. from Cooperstown, 58 W. from Albany Pop. 2,816. SPRINGFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. 15 m SW. from N. Y. Pop. 1,653. 412 SPR STA SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Hampden co. Mass, on E. side of the Connecticut, 18 m. S. from Northampton, 28 N. from Hartford, 48 WSW. from Worcester, 88 W. by S. from Boston, 363 from W. Lon. 72 36 W. ; lat. 42 6 N. Pop. 6,784. It contains a number of public buildings and manufactories, 2 pub lic libraries, and a great number of elegant houses. The U. S. arsenal, a little east of the village, makes an imposing show. An U. S. manufactory of small-arms is situated about a mile from the arsenal, employing a number of mills and work-shops, and about 250 hands, who manufacture about 18,000 muskets a-year. This town contains also extensive manufacto ries of cotton goods, paper, &c. SPRINGFIELD, West, t. Hampden co. Mass, on W. side of the Connecticut, opposite Springfield. Pop. 3,272. This is a pleasant and valuable agricultural town, and contains 4 parishes, in each of which is a meeting house SPRINGFIELD, t. Burlington co. N. J. 18 m. from Trenton. Pop. 1,534. SPRINGFIELD, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 12 m. N. from Cincinnati. Pop. 3,025. SPRINGFIELD, t. Clarke co. Ohio, 13 m. S. from Urbana, 42 W. from Columbus. Pop. 2,602. It is a flourishing town, and contains a woollen manufactory. SPRINGFIELD, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 2,030. SPRINGFIELD, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop, 1,041. SPRINGFIELD, t. La. in the parish of St. Helena, about 30 m. WNW. from Madison- ville. SPRINGFIELD, v. York district, S. C. SPRINGFIELD, v. Susquehannah co. Pa. 49 m. from W. SPRING ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of S Carolina. Lat. 32 22 N. SPRING PLACE, a Moravian missionary station among the Cherokees, 35 m. SE. from Bramerd, 120 NW. from Athens. A consid erable number of Cherokee children have been educated at this place. SPRINGVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N.C. SPRINGV1LLE, t. Clarke co. In. Pop 1,754. SPRING GARDEN, v. Pittsylvania, Va. 130 m. SW. by W. from Richmond. SPRING GARDEN, v. Rockingham co. N. C. 113 m. NW. from Raleigh. SPRING GROVE, v. Iredell co. N. C. 195 m. westerly from Raleigh. SPRING GROVE, v. Laurens district, S. C. 65 m. northwesterly from Columbia. SPRING-HILL, v. Fauquier oo. Va. SPRING-HILL, v. Louisa co. Va. SPRING-HILL, t. Clarke co. In. Pop. 1,561. SPRING-HILL, v. Chesterfield co. Va. SPRING-HILL, v. Lenoir co. N. C. SPRING-HILL, v. Jefferson co. Geo. SQUAM, lake, N. H. in Sandwich, Moul- tonborough, Centre Harbor, and Holderness, 6 m. long, and 4 broad. SQUAM, r. N. H. ran* from Squam Lake SW. into the Merrimack. SQUANICOOK, r. Mass, runs SE. into the Nashua, E. of Shirley. STAATSBURG, v. in Clinton, N. Y. 10 m N. from Poughkeepsie. STAFFORD, t. Tolland co. Ct. 9 m. NE from Tolland, 27 NE. from Hartford, 73 WSW from Boston. Pop. 2,514. It contains a fur nace for casting hollow-ware, and a famous chalybeate spring, with good accommodations for visitors. Its waters have proved beneficial m a variety of diseases, and are resorted to by those afflicted with dropsy, gout, rheumatism, piles, scrofula, cutaneous eruptions, &c. STAFFORD, t. Monmouth co. N. J. Pop. 2,059. STAFFORD, co. NE. part of Va. bounded N. by Prince William co. NE. by the Poto mac and Prince George co. S. by the Rappa- hannock, and W. by Culpeper and Fauquier cos. Pop. 9,362. Chief town, Falmouth. STAFFORD, v. Orange co. Vt. 45 m. NE. from Rutland. STAFFORD, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 8 m. a little S. of E. from Batavia, and about 30 SW, from Rochester. Pop. 2,367. STAFFORD, C. H. Stafford co. Va. 47 m. SSW. from W. and 76 a little E. of N. from Richmond. STAGE ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of Maine, not far from Casco Bay, remarkable for being the first land inhabited by Europe ans in New England. STAGVILLE, v. Orange co. N. Y. STAGVILLE, v. Orange co. N. C. STAMFORD, t. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. SE. from Bennington. Pop. 563. STAMFORD, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, 9 m. SW. from Norwalk, 31 NE. from N. Y. 40 SW. from New Haven. Pop. 3,795. It contains 4 parishes and 6 churches STAMFORD, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 m, ENE. from Delhi. Pop. 1,597. STANFORD, t. and cap. Lincoln co. Ken. 10 m. SSE. from Danville, 40 SSW. from Lex ington, 567 from W. Pop. 363. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a rope-walk. STANFORD, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 18 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 2,521. It is a valuable township, and contains several paper- mills, and other valuable mills. STANFORDVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 87 m. SE. from Albany. STANHOPE, t. Morris co. N. J. STANNARDSVILLE, t. Orange co. Va. 23 m. N. by W. from Charlottesville, and 95 NW. from Richmond. STANTON HILL, v. Charlotte co. Va. STANTONSBURG, v. Edgecombe co. N.C. STAR ISLAND, one of the Isles of Shoals, belonging to Maine. STARK, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Portage, E. by Columbiana, S. by Tuscarawas, and W. by Wayne. Length 33 m. width 30. Pop. in 1820, 14,506 ; in 1830, 26,780. Chief town, Canton. STARKEY, v. Steuben co. N. Y. STA STO 413 STARKS, t Somerset co. Me. 7 m. W. from Norridgewock, and 200 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,471. STARKSBOROUGH, t. Addison co. Vt. 28 m. W. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,342. STARR, t. Hocking co. Ohio. Pop. 295. STATEN ISLAND, isl. belonging to New York, and forming the county of Richmond. It is about 18 m. in length, and, where widest, 8 in breadth. The island in general is rough, and the hills high. Pop. 7,084. STATESBOROUGH, v. and seat of justice, Bullock co. Geo. 45 m. NW. from Savannah. STATESBURG, t. and cap. Claremont dis trict, S. C., E. of the Wateree, 30 m. S. from Camden, 470 from W. It contains a court house, a jail, and a few houses, STATESVILLE, t. and cap. Iredell co. N.C. 24 m. WSW. from Salisbury, 398 from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a church, and about 50 houses. STAUNTON, t. and cap. Augusta co. Va. 40 m. WNW. from Charlottesville, 95 SW. from Winchester, 120 WNW. from Richmond, 163 from W. It is pleasantly situated in a healthy part of the country, regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 3 churches, and nearly 2,000 inhabitants. STAUNTON, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the Miami, 1 m. E. from Troy. Pop. 1,081. STAUNTON, a principal branch of the Roanoke, Va. It rises on W. side of the Blue Ridge, and there has the name of Roanoke, but after its passage through the Blue Ridge, it takes the name of Staunton, which it retains to its junction with the Dan, on the W. border of Mecklenburg co. STEDMANSVILLE, v. Meigs co. Ohio. STEPHENTOWN, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 22 m. SE. from Albany. Pop. 2,716. STERLING, t. Franklin co. Vt. 30 m. NNW. from Montpelier. Pop. 183. STERLING, t. Worcester co. Mass. 5 m. W. by S. from Lancaster, 12 N. from Worces ter, 44 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,789. It is a valuable agricultural town, and .has a consid erable village. STERLING, t. Windham co. Ct. 4 m. E. from Plainfield, and 18 NE. from Norwich. Pop. 1,240. STERLING, NW. t. Cayuga co. N.Y. Pop. 1,436. STERLING, v. Wayne co. Pa. 156 m. NE. from Harrisburg. STERLINGVILLE, t. Granville co. N.C. STEUBEN, t. Washington co. Me. on the Naraguagus river, 311 m. NE. from Boston. Pop. 695. STEUBEN, co. N.Y. bounded N. by Onta rio co. E. by Seneca Lake, and Tioga co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Alleghany co. Pop. 33,975. Chief town, Bath. STEUBEN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 20 m. N. from Utica. Pop. 2,094. Baron Steuben died in this town in 1796, and here his ashes repose, without a stone to direct the passenger to the spot. STEUBENVILLE, t. and cap. Jefferson co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 69 m. by the river, oelow Pittsburg, 38 by land, 109 above Marietta, 25 NE, from St. Clairsville, 150 E. by N. from blumbus. Lon. 8 40 W. ; lat. 40 25 N. Pop. 2,937. It is a very flourishing town, with many fine buildings, four handsome churches, and a large number of manufactur ing establishments, such as woollen and cot ton factories, furnaces, paper-mills, &c. mostly propelled by steam. Also an academy, two banks, and a printing-office. STEWART, NW. co. Ten. E. on Tenner see river, bounded by Ken. NE. Montgomery co. Ten. E. Dickson co. SE. Humphreys S. and Tennessee river, or Henry co. W. Length 22 m. mean width 20. Pop. in 1820, 8,388 ; m 1830, 6,988. Chief town, Dover. STEWARTSTOWN, t. Coos co. N. H. on the Connecticut, 40 m. N. from Lancaster, and 460 from W. Pop. 529. STEWARTSVILLE, v. Sussex co. N. J. 60 m. N. from Trenton. STEWARTSVILLE, v. in the W. part of Westmoreland co. Pa. on the road from Greens- burg to Pittsburg, 12 m. from the former, and 14 from the latter place. STILL VALLEY, v. Sussex co. N. J. STILL WATER, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, 22 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 2,601. Bemas s Heights are in this town ship, 3 m. N. of the village. This place is memorable for a battle fought on the 19th of September, 1777, between the Americans and British. STILLWATER, r. Ohio, runs SE. into the Great Miami, above Dayton, and opposite the mouth of Mad river. STOCK, t. Harrison co. Ohio. Pop. 1,066- STOCKBRIDGE, t. Windsor co. Vt. 32 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,333. STOCKBRIDGE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 6 m. S. from Lenox, 12 S. from Pittsfield, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,580. It is watered by the Housatonnuc, is a pleasant town, and contains a printing-office and several cotton and woollen manufactories. There is a quarry of marble in this town. STOCKBRIDGE, West, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 10 m. SSW. from Lenox, 135 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,208. Here are very valuable quarries of white and blue marble, and an iron mine. STOCKHOLM, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 30 m. E. from Ogdensburg. Pop. 1,944. STOCKTON, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. 10 m. a little W. of S. from Fredonia, and 60 m. SW. from Buffalo. Pop. 1,604. STOOD ARD, t. Cheshire co. N.H. 14 m. NE. from Keene, 44 WSW. from Concord. Pop, 1,159. STODDERTSVILLE, v. Luzerne co. Pa. STOKES, co. N. C. bounded by Virginia N. Rockingham and Guilford cos. N. C. E. Row an S. and Surrey W. Length 40 m. width 24. Chief town, Salem. Pop. 16,196. STOKES, t. Montgomery co. N. C. neai the Yadkin. STOKES, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 560 414 STO S(JF STOKESBURY, v. Stokes co. N. C. 140 North Mountain, 9 m. NNW. from Chamberi- m. NW. from Raleigh. burg, 145 m. W. from Philadelphia. STONE CREEK, r. Mississippi, runs into STRASBURG, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 8 m. the Mississippi, lat. 32 8 N. SE. from Lancaster, 58 W. from Philadelphia, STONEHAM, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 9 m. 116 from W. Pop. 4,036. It is a pleasant N. from Boston. Pop. 732. and considerable town. The village is built STONE S RIVER, r. Ten. runs NW. into chiefly of brick and stone. the Cumberland, 6 m. above Nashville. STRASBURG, v. Shenandoah co. Va. 12 STONE FORT, v. Franklin co. Ten. m. NNE. from Woodstock, 88 from W. It STONESBOROUGH, v. Greene co. Ken. contains about 60 houses. STONEWALL CREEK, r. N. America, STRATFORD, t. Coos co. N H., E. of the runs into the Missouri, just above the natural Connecticut, 18 m. N. from Lancaster. Pop. stone-walls, 95 m. below the Great Falls. 443. STONINGTON, s-p. New London co. Ct. STRATFORD, t. Fairfield co. Ct on W. 12 m. E. from New London. Pop. of the side of Stratford river, near its mouth, 14 m. township, 3,401. The harbor sets up from the SW. from New Haven. Pop. 1,807. It is a Sound, opposite Fisher s Island. It borders on pleasant town, and has an academy and some Rhode Island, and is a place of some trade. trade. This town was bombarded by the British, STRATHAM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 8 without effect, Aug. 8, 1814. It is a place of m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 838. some resort for sea-bathing, during the sum STRATTON, t. Windham co. Vt. 23 m. mer. NE. from Bennington. Pop. 312. STONINGTON, North, t. New London co. STRAWBERRY RIVER, r. NW. Territo Ct 9 m. N. from Stonington. Pop. 2,840. ry, runs into Lake Superior, W. of Goddard s STONO INLET, r. or channel, S. C. which river. separates the islands of James and John, and STRONG, t Somerset co. Me. 24 m. NW. runs into the Atlantic, Ion. 80 3 W. ; lat. 38 from Norridgewock, 308 NNE. from Boston. 41 N. Pop. 985. STONY BROOK, v. Brookhaven, N. Y. 3 STUARTSBURG, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. m. E. from Sautucket. STUART S LAKE, N. America, W. of the STONY ISLAND, isl. in E. end of Lake Chippewan mountains. It is but imperfectly Ontario, SW. from Sacket s Harbor. known, but represented as 300 m. in circum STONY POINT, v. Albemarle co. Va. ference. The NW. Company have a fort on !.!-. 1 1 A t A r 4r\ f\f\f TkT 1 1 <4OO llf STONY POINT, v. Abbeville district, S. C.|its banks, at lat. 54 30 N. and Ion. 48 W. STONY POINT, on the W. bank of the river Hudson, 40 m. above New York. For merly a military post; was taken by storm from the British by Gen, Anthony Wayne, in the war of the Revolution, July 16, 1779. STORMVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. STOUGHTON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S. from Boston. STOUGSTOWN, v. Cumberland co. Pa. 45 m. westerly from Harrisburg. STOUTS, v. Washington co. Miso. STOW, t. Washington co. Vt. 22 m. NNW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,570. STOW, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 30 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 1,221. STOW, t Portage co. Ohio. STOW CREEK, r. N. J. runs into the Delaware. STOW CREEK, t. Cumberland co. N. J. on Stow creek. Pop. 791. STOWSVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N. C. 185 m. westerly from Raleigh. STRAFFORD, co. E. part of N. H. bounded N by Coos co. E. by Maine, SW. by Rocking ham co. and W. by Graflon co. Pop. 58,916. Chief towns, Dover, Gilmanton, Rochester, and Durham. STRAFFORD, t. Orange co. Vt 35 m. N. from Windsor, tensive Pop. 1,935. Here is an ex- isive copperas manufactory. STRAFFORD, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 15 m. NW. from Johnstown. Pop. 552. STRAIGHT CREEK, r. N. America, runs into the Ohio, Ion. 84 2 W. ; lat. 38 38 N. STRASBURG, t. Franklin co. Pa. E. of from W. STUMPSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on a branch of the little Swatara, 24 m. ENE. from Harrisburg. STURBRIDGE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. SW. from Worcester, 58 SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,688. It is watered by the Quinebaug, and the turnpike from Worcester to Hartford passes through the town. STURGEON, bay of Green Bay, setting up SE. towards Lake Michigan, opposite the mouth of Menomonie river, and 45 m. NNE. from the mouth of Fox river. SUCCESS, t. Coos co. N. Hampshire, E. of the Androscoggin, 23 m. E. from Lancaster Pop. 14. SUCK CREEK, r. Ten. runs into the Ten nessee, at the Whirl. SUCKASUNNY, v. Morris co. N. J. It i* a pleasant village, and contains a Presbyterian meeting-house, and an academy. SUDBURY, t. Rutland co. Vt. 53 m. SW from Montpelier. Pop. 812. SUDBURY, t Middlesex co. Mass. 22 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 1,424. SUDBURY, East, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 18 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 944. SUFFIELD, t. Hartford co. Ct. on W. bank of the Connecticut, 11 m. S, from Springfield, 17 N. from Hartford. Pop. 2,690. It is a pleasant and considerable town, and contains several churches for Presbyterians and Bap tists. Here is a mineral spring considerably resorted to. SUFFIELD, southern t. Portage co. Ohio. SUF SUR 415 SUFFOLK, co. Mass, comprising only the towns of Boston and Chelsea, which see. This county comprises only a very small spot on the continent, Boston peninsula, and the islands in the harbor. Pop. in 1820, 43,941 ; in 1830, 62,162. SUFFOLK, co. N.Y. comprising the E. part of Long Island, bounded by Queen s W. Long Island Sound N. and the Atlantic Ocean NE M E. and S. Length 80 m. mean width 8. Soil of the whole county rather sterile. Chief towns, River-head, Sag Harbor, and South- ampton. Pop. in 1820, 24,272; in 1830, 26,980. SUFFOLK, C. H. Suffolk co. N. Y. SUFFOLK, t. and cap. Nansemond co. Va. on the river Nansemond, 30 SW. from Hamp ton, 85 SE. from Richmond, 220 from W. It contains a court-house and a jail. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 250 tons. SUGAR CREEK, r. Pa. runs E. into the E. branch of the Susquehannah, about 6 m. above Towanda creek. SUGAR CREEK, SW. t. of Stark co.Ohio. Pop. 1,261. SUGAR CREEK, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, in which is the town of Shanesville. Pop. 982. SUGAR CREEK, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 2,177. SUGAR CREEK, t Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 948. SUGAR CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Little Miami, above Waynesville. SUGAR RIVER, r. Michigan, runs into Saganaum Bay. SUGAR RIVER, r. N. H. runs from the Sunapee Lake into the Connecticut, in Clare- mont. SUGGSVILLE, v. Clarke co. Al. 12 m. from Claibcrne. SULLIVAN, t. Hancock co. Me. at the head of Frenchman s Bay, 30 m. E. from Cas- tine, 280 NE. from Boston. Pop. 538. SULLIVAN, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 6 m. NNE. from Keene, 48 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 555. SULLIVAN, co. N. Y. bounded NW. by Delaware co. NE. by Ulster co. S. by Orange co. and SW. by the Delaware, which separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 12,372. Chief town, Monticello. SULLIVAN, t. Madison co. N.Y. on S. side of Oneida Lake. Pop. 4,077. Gypsum and iron ore are found here. SULLIVAN, co. NE. part of East Tennes see. Pop. 10,073. Chief town, Blountsville. SULLIVAN ISLAND, isl. at the mouth of Ashley and Cooper rivers, 6 m. below Charles ton, S. C. This island is much resorted to by the people of Charleston during the summer months. SULLIVAN S MOUNTAINS, in N. H. extending from Cockburne to the White Moun tains, about 2,000 feet high. SULPHUR CREEK, branch of Green r. in Kentucky. SUMANYSTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Pa. 33 m. NNW. from Philadelphia. SUMMERFIELD, v. Guilford co. N. C. SUMMIT BRIDGE, v. Newcastle co. Del. SUMMITSVILLE, v. Sullivan co. N.Y. SUMNER, t. Oxford co. Me. 6 m. NE. from Paris, 170 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,099. SUMNER, co. on N. side of West Tennes- see. Pop. 20,606. Chief town, Gallatin. SUMPTER, district of S. C. bounded by Santee river or Charleston district S. Santee river or Orangeburg SW. Wateree river or Richland W. Kershaw NW. Lynch s creek, river, or Darlington NE. and Williamsburg N. Length 50, mean width 30 m. Black river, branch of Great Pedee, takes its rise in this district. The canal connecting Santee river with Charleston harbor leaves the Santee, nearly opposite to the SE. angle of Sumner. Chief town, Sumpterville. Pop. in 1820, 25,369 ; in 1830, 28,278. SUMPTERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Sumpter district, S. C. on the dividing ground between the two main branches of Black river, about 100 m. a little W. of N. from Charleston. SUMTERSVILLE, v. Claremont co. S. C. SUNAPEE, lake, N. H. in Fishersfield, Wendell, and New London. It is 11 m. long, and 1 broad. Little Sunapee, 2 m. long, lies NE. of it, in New London. SUNAPEE, mt N. H., S. of Sunapee Lake. SUNBURY, bor. and cap. Northumberland co. Pa. on the Susquehannah, 1 m. below the junction of the E. and W. branches, 2 m. S. from Northumberland, 56 N. from Harrisburg, 122 NW. by W. from Philadelphia, 162 from W. Pop. 1,057. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, and a Presbyte rian and a Lutheran church, which are all handsome and spacious structures. SUNBURY, t Gates co. N.C. SUNBURY, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 828. SUNBURY, s-p. Liberty co. Geo. at the head of St. Catherine s Sound, 42 m. SSW. from Savannah. The harbor is safe and com modious, and the situation of the town is pleasant and healthy. Planters from the coun try resort here in the sickly season. SUNCOOK, r. N. H. runs SW. into the Merrimack, 7 m. below Concord. SUNDERLAND, t. Bennington co. Vt. 20 m. NNE. from Bennington. Pop. 463. SUNDERLAND, t. Franklin co. Mass. E. of the Connecticut, 8 m. S. from Greenfield, 90 W. from Boston. Pop. 666. SUNFISH CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 22 m. below Indian Wheeling. SUNFISH, t. Pike co. Ohio. Pop. 568. SURREY, N. C. bounded by Va. N. Stokes co. in N. C. E. Rowan and Iredell S. and Wilkes and Ashe W. It is drained by the ex treme northern sources of the Yadkin. Sur face hilly, and in part mountainous. Chief town, Rockford. Pop. in 1820, 12,320; in 1830, 14,501. SURREY, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 8 m. NNW. from Keene, 62 WSW, from Concord. Pop, 539 416 SUR TAB SURREY, t. Hancock co. Me. 18 m. NE. from Castine, 257 NE. from Boston. Pop. 561. SURREY, co. Va. bounded N. by Prince George co. and James river, SE. by Isle of Wight and Southampton cos. and SW. by Sus sex co. Pop. 7,108. SURREY, C. H. Surrey co. Va. 64 ra. SE. by E. from Richmond. SUSQUEHANNAH, v. Broome co. N. Y. SUSQUEHANNAH, the largest r. of Pa. which is formed by the E. and W. branches. The E. rises in Otsego Lake, N. Y. and the W. in Huntingdon co. Pa. They unite at Northumberland. The river then runs SE. into the head of the Chesapeake in Md, It is 1| m. wide at its mouth, but is navigable only 5 m. for sloops. Although this river carries considerably more water than either the Hud son or Connecticut, it is of no advantage at all for the purposes of navigation, except at high water, and then only down stream. At its floods, immense quantities of lumber and pro duce are conveyed down in rafts, arks, &c. the most of them from the state of N. Y. It is a remarkably rough stream, and never navigated without considerable hazard. Most of the pro duce finds a market in Baltimore, or is taken through the Delaware and Chesapeake canal to Philadelphia. SUSQUEHANNAH, co. N. side of Pa. bounded N. by N. Y. E. by Wayne co. S. by Luzerne co. and W. by Bradford co. Chief town, Montrose. Pop. 16,777. SUSSEX, co. N. J. bounded NNE. by N. Y. SE. by Bergen and Morris cos. SW. by War ren co. W. and NW. by the Delaware, whicn separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 20,349. Chief town, Newton. SUSSEX, co. Del. bounded N. by Kent co. E. by Delaware bay and the Atlantic, S. and W. by Maryland. Pop. 27,118. Chief towns, Georgetown and Lewistown. SUSSEX, co. Va. bounded NE. by Surrey co. SSE. by Southampton co. SW. by Greensville co. and NW. by Dinwiddie and Prince George cos. Pop. 12,720. SUSSEX, C. H. v. Sussex co. Va. on a small branch of Nottaway river, 64 m. SSE. from Richmond. SUTTON, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 20 m. NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,424. SUTTON VILLAGE, v. in Sutton t. Mer rimack co. N. H. SUTTON, t. Caledonia co. Vt, 15 ra. from Danville. Pop. 1,005. SUTTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 9 m. S. from Worcester, 46 SW. from Boston. Pop. 2.186. SWAN ISLAND, isl. on the coast of Me. 4 m. SW. from Mount Desert. It contains about 6,000 acres. SWAN RIVER, r. N. America, runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 93 15 W. ; lat. 44 34 N. SWAN POINT, cape on the coast of Md. in the Chesapeake. Lon. 76 22 W. ; lat. 38 11 N. SWANSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Onslow co. N.C. on White Oak river, 40 m. SSW. from Ncwbern, 405 from W. SW ANTON, t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lake Cham plain, and bordering (Ji Canada, 32 ra. N. from Burlington. Pop. 2,158. SWANTOWN, v. Kent co. Md. 3 m. from Georgetown. SWANVILLE, t. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 633. SWANZEY, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 6 m. S. from Keene, 58 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 1,816. Here is a cotton manufactory. .SWANZEY, t. Bristol co. Mass. 16 m. SSW. from Taunton, 38 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,677. SWATARA, r. Pa. runs SW. into the Sus- quehannah, at Middle town. SWEASY S VILLE, v. Adams co. Miss. SWEDEN, one of the western towns of Mon roe co. N. Y. 15 m. W. from Rochester. Pop, 2,938. The Erie Canal crosses the northern part of this town. SWEDESBOROUGH,t. Gloucester co. N. J. on Raccoon creek, 20 m. SSW. from Philadel phia. It contains an Episcopal church, a wool len manufactory, and is a place of some trade. Raccoon creek is navigable to this place for boats. SWEET SPRINGS, v. Monroe co. Va. 28 m. SE. from Lewisburg, 42 SW. from Warm Springs. This place is celebrated for its mine ral waters, which are much resorted to. SWEET WATER CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the Bear creek. SWIFT, r. N. H. runs E. into the Saco, in Conway. SWIFT S CREEK, r. Va. runs into the Appomatox, lat. 37 20 N. SWITZERLAND, co. In. bordering on the Ohio. Chief town, Vevay. Pop. 7,111. SYCAMORE, t. in the NE. quarter of Ham ilton co. Ohio. Montgomery, Reading, and Sharon villages, are laid out in this t. Pop. 2,779. S YMMES, t. Lawrence co. Ohio, on Symmes creek. Pop. 246. SYLVANIA, v. Bradford co. Pa. 197 m. a little E. of N. from Harrisburg. SYRACUSE, t. and cap. Onondaga co. N. Y. 25 m. NE. by E. from Auburn, 133 W. from Albany, 342 from W. Pop. about 2,000. It is a flourishing village, and stands on the Erie canal at the point where a side-canal branches off to Salina. The buildings are mostly of brick, and many of them large and splendid. The " Syracuse House" is a most noble brick structure, 4 stories high, and one of the most splendid hotels in the state. From a cupola on the top, there is a fine view of Onondaga lake, and the village of Salina, a mile and a half distant. In 1828, the building of an ele gant court-house was commenced, at a point midway between these two villages ; and the whole intermediate space will probably be built over within a few years. In point of locality, few inland towns have advantages equal with this. The line of communication is continued by the Salina side-canal, the Onondaga lake, and the Oswego canal, to Lake Ontario. T. TABERG, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 9 m. NW. of Rome, TAB TAR 417 TABLE MOUNTAIN, mt. Pendleton dis trict, S.G. near NW. border of the state, 3,168 feet higher than the surrounding- country, and about 4,000 above the level of the sea. It pre sents on one side a tremendous precipice of solid rock, which rises nearly perpendicular, to the height of 890 feet. At the bottom is a deep and dismal valley, sunk apparently as much below, as the mountain is above, the general level. The precipice, viewed from the valley, appears like an immense wall rising up to heaven ; and the awe which it inspires is con siderably increased by the quantities of bones which lie whitening at its base, the remains of various animals which had incautiously ap proached too near its edge. The summit of this mountain is frequently enveloped in clouds. TABLE RIVER, r. La. runs into the Mis sissippi, lat. 37 12 N. TABLE ROCK, v. Pendleton district, S. C. TADOUSAC, t. L. C. a place of great resort for trading with the Indians, who bring thither furs to exchange for cloth and other European goods. It is situated at the mouth of the Sa- guenay, 98 m. NE. from Quebec. TAKONNACK, int. Mass. S. of Great Bar- rington. Its height is estimated at 3,000 feet above the ocean. TALBERT S ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, on the coast of Geo. Lat. 30 44 N. TALBOT, co. Md. bounded N. by Queen Anne co. E. by Caroline and Dorchester cos. S. by Dorchester co. and W. by Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 12,947. Chief town, Easton. TALLAHASSE, city, and seat of govern ment for Florida, is situated on Tugabona or Wackahulla river. Lat. 30 27 N. ; Ion. from W. 7 13 W. The reasons which determined the governor and commissioners to fix on this place as the metropolis, were its central posi tion, fertility of soil, and the reputation it had acquired among the Spanish and Indians, of being uncommonly salubrious. The position was fixed upon for the seat of government in 1824. It was divided into lots, and sold in 1825. Five squares have been reserved for the purpose of public buildings. The precincts of the town encircle a beautifully undulating country. It was immediately incorporated as a city. In two years from the first building, the number of whites and blacks was sup posed to amount to 800. Some respectable houses were built, but the principal part of the habitations are temporary log buildings. The forest is falling on all sides, and it is daily ac quiring more and more the appearance of a town. The amount of the sales of the lots was $24,000. That sum was appropriated for the erection of a territorial capitol. The materials for building are good and abundant. There are already a number of stores, taverns, and shops of all the customary mechanics, with a full proportion of lawyers and doctors, and 200 houses. A printing-press has been establish ed, from which issues the "Florida Intelli gencer." TALLAPOOSA, r. rises in Georgia, enters Alabama, flows SW. and unites with the Coosa 3C 3 m. SW. from Fort Jackson, to form the Al abama. It is navigable, except in dry seasons, to the Great Falls, about 35 miles. This river is subject to great periodical elevations and depressions. Much of the country watered by it is very fertile. TALLMADGE, t. Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. WSW from Ravenna, 35 SSE. from Cleve land. Pop. 1,218. It has an academy and a furnace. TAMPICO, bay and s-p. of Mexico, near the mouth of the Moctezuema river. Lon. from W. 11 36 W.; lat. 22 45 N. TAMWORTH, t. Stratford eo. N. H. 60 m. NNE. from Concord, 63 NNW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 1,554. TANEYTOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. 22 m. NNE. from Fredericktown, 40 NW. from Baltimore, 67 from W. It is a pleasant and handsome town, and contains several hand some churches, mostly of brick. TANGIPAO, r. rises in Mississippi, erosses E. part of Louisiana, and flows into Lake Pon- chartrain, 10 m. NE. of the pass of Manchac. TANNER S CREEK, r. In. runs into the Ohio, 2 m. below Lawrenceburg. TANNER S HILL, v. Newbury district, S.C. TANSEY. r. N. America, rises in the Rocky Mountains, and runs into Maria s river. TAOS, t. of New Mexico, on the E. side of Rio Grande del Norte, above Santa Fe. Lon. from W. 29 45 W. ; lat. 37 20 N. TAOUS MOUNTAINS, N. America, the southern part of the chain of the Chippewan, or Rocky Mountains, where the del Norte, Red river, Arkansas, and Colorado, have their rise. yraT TAPPAHANNOCK, port of entry and cap. Essex co. Va. on SW. bank of the Rappahan- nock, 55 m. ESE. from Fredericksburg, 50 NE. from Richmond, 115 from W. Lon. 76 57 W. ; lat. 38 2 N. Pop. about 700. Its situ ation is low and unhealthy. It contains a court-house, a jail, and an Episcopal church. All the shipping belonging to the towns on the Rappahannock is entered at the custom-house of this place. TAPPAN, v. Rockland co. N. Y. TAPPAN SEA, an expansion of the Hud son, opposite to Orangetown, from 25 to 35 m. above the city of New York, 10m. long, and 4 in breadth at the widest place. TAR, or Pamlico, r. N. C. rises in Caswell co. flows through Granville, Franklin, Nash, and Edgecoinbe cos. and passing by Tarbor- ough, Greenville, and Washington, runs SE into Pamlico Sound, lat. 35 22 N. It is nav igable for vessels drawing 9 feet water to Washington, 40 m. and for boats carrying 15 or 20 tons to Tarborough, 90 m. TARBOROUGH, t. and cap. Edgecombe co. N.C. on the Tar river, 38 m. S. from Hali fax, 60 ESE. from Raleigh, and 200 from W. Lon. 77 44 W. ; lat. 35 50 N. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, and an academy. Beef, pork, corn, tobacco, &c. are exported from this place in considerable quantities. 418 TAR THE TARIFFVILLE T v. Hartford eo. Ct. TARKIO CREEK, r. La. runs into the Missouri, 483 m,from the Mississippi. TARLETON, v. Pickaway co Ohio, 17 m, NE. from Chillicothe, Pop. 257. TARRY-TOWN, v. and landing, Greens- burg, N.Y. TATE, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 3,232. TATE S CREEK, v, in N. part of Madison CO. Ken. about 40 m. SE. from Frankfort. TATNALL r co. Geo. bounded by Appling S. Telfair and Montgomery W. Emanuel NW. Camchee river, or Bullock co, NE. and Lib erty and Wayne SE. Length 60 m. mean width 30. Pop. 2,039. Chief town. Perry s Mills. TAUNTON, t. and cap. Bristol co. Mass, on the river Taunton, 21 m. E. from Provi dence, 24 N. from Bristol, 27 N. by W. from New Bedford, 32 S. from Boston, 431 from W. Pop. 6,045. It is a pleasant and hand some town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a town-house, a bank, an academy, a printing- office, a paper-mill, and large and thriving manufactories of cotton, iron, copper, lead, and Britannia ware. 7,500,000 yards of calico are made here yearly. TAUNTON, r. Mass, is formed by Bridge- water and Namasket rivers, and runsSW. into Narraganset Bay. It is navigable for sloops of 50 tons to Taunton r 20 m. TAYLORSVILLE, v. Hanover co. Va. 30 m. from Richmond. TAYLORS VI LLE, v,Fair field district, S. C. 18 m. from Columbia. TAYLORSVILLE, t. She% co. Ken. on N. fork of Salt river, 30 m, SE.from Louisville. TAZEWELL, C. H. Tuzewell co. Va. 302 m. a little S. of W. from Richmond, TAZEWELL, co. SW. part of Va. bounded NW. by Kentucky and Kenhawa cos. NE. by Giles and Montgomery cos. SSE. by Wythe and Washington cos. and SW. by Russell eo. Pop. 4,104. TAZEWELL, t. and cap. Claiborne co. Ten, about 35 m. N. from Knoxville, 491 from W. TEACHES, island, on the coast of Va. in Northampton co. TECHE, r. La. flows SE. and joins the At- chafalaya, about 15 m. above its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico. It is navigable to New Iberia, about 45 m. TECOANTEPEC, seaport of Mexico, in Oaxaca. TEHUANTEPEC, the Gulf ex/, is a semi- e" Ocean state of Oaxaca. TEKETANOAH, or Cyprus Creek, r. Ala- bama, flows into the Tennessee river, a mile below Florence. TELFAIR, co. Geo. bounded by Appling S, Doolen SW. Pulaski NW. Little Oakmulgee river, or Montgomery co. NE. and Tatnall E. Length 50 m. mean width 25. Pop. in 1820, 2,104 ; in 1830, 2,136. Chief town, Jackson ville. TELLICO, r. Ten. flows N. by W. into the Tennessee, just below Tellico. elliptical indenting of that part of the Pacific Ocean, stretching between Guatemala and the TELLICO, t. Blount co. Ten. on N. side of the river Tennessee, 50 m. SW. from Knox ville. Here is a fort, blockhouse, and store* for supplying the Cherokee Indians. TEMPLE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 40 m. N W. from Augusta, Pop. 798. TEMPLE, t. Hillsborough co. N.H. 13 m. WSW. from Amherst, 54 SSW. from Concord. Pop. 647. TEMPLETON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 27 m. NW. from Worcester, and 60 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,551. TENNESSEE, one of the U. S. See page 123. TENNESSEE RIDGE, mountains in the state of Tennessee, between the rivers Ten nessee and Cumberland. TENSAW, r. the E. outlet of the Mobile. It branches off 6 or 7 m. below Fort Stoddert, and flows into Mobile Bay, 5 or 6 m. E. of the W. branch. Its channel is deeper and wider than that of the W. branch. TENSAW, r. La. flows SSW. a few miles from the Mississippi, and unites with the Oua- chitta at the junction of the Ocatahoola. TENSAW, v. Washington co. Alabama, near Mobile Bay, TEPIC, t. of Mexico, in the intendency of Guadalaxara, 500 m. NW. from the city of Mexico. TERRE HAUTE, v. Vrgo co. Indiana, on- the Wabash, 2 m. below Fort Harrison. TERRYVILLE, v, Mecklenburg co. Va. TETON, r.La. runs into the Missouri river, 1,263 m. from the Mississippi. TEWKSBURY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. S. of the Merrimaek, 7 m. SW. from Andover. 23 N. from Boston. Pop, 1,527. TEWKSBURY, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. Pop. 1,659. TEXAS, province of Mexico, in the former Provincias Internas, bounded SW. by the Rio Grande del Norte, on the NE. by the United States, from the sources of Rio Grande, to the mouth of the Sabkie, and SE. by the Gulf of Mexieov TEZCUCO, city of Mexico, in the inten dency of Mexico, formeriy remarkable for its expensive cotton factories,, which, from the rivalry of Queretara, have greatly declined. It stands on the E. side of Lake Tezcuco, 20 m. NE. from Mexico. Lon. from W. 21 51 W. ; lat. 19 30 N. Pop. 6,200, THAMES, r. U.C. rises in theChippewa country, and running SW. washes the cos. of York, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Kent, and empties into Lake St. Clair, above Detroit ; it is a river of considerable extent, without falls. A com munication is continued, by means of small portages, between its upper branches and Lake Huron, and the Grand river. THAMES, r. Ct. is formed by the Shetucket and Yantic, at Norwich, and flows S. into Long Island Sound, 2 m. below New London. It is navigable through its whole course. THATCHER S ISLAND, small isl. on the coast of Mass, about 1 m. E. from Cape Ann. THERESA, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river branch of Oswegatchic, on the road from THE TIP 419 Sacket a Harbor to Ogdeasburg, 25 m. NE. from the former, and 40 SW. from the latter place. THESSALON, r. U.C. runs into lake Hu ron, a little to the eastward of Muddy Lake, on the N. shore. THETFORD, v. Orange co. Vt. en Connec ticut river, 12 m. N. from Dartmouth in N. H, Pop. 2,183. THIMBLE ISLANDS, small islands near the coast of Connecticut Lon. 72 42 W. ; lat. 41 11 N. THIRTY MILE, or Dead River, r. Maine, joins the Androscoggin, in Liverrnore. THOMAS S CREEK, r. S. C. runs into the Great Pedee. THOMAS, St. one of the Virgin Islands, in the West Indies, with a harbor, a town, and a fort, 15 m. in circumference, and belongs to the Danes. Lon. 64 51 W. ; lat. 18 21 N. THOMASTOWN, t Lincoln co. Me. on E. side of the river St. George, and on W. side of Penobscot Bay, 7 m. S. from Camden, 7 E. from Warren, 37 E. from Wiscasset, 190 NE. from Boston. Pop. 4,221. It is a flourishing town, and contains 2 churches, 1 for Congre- gationalists, and 1 for Baptists. The river is navigable to this town, for vessels of 200 tons. Great quantities of lime are burnt here, and exported. Nearly all the lime exported from Maine is shipped at this port THOMPSON, t Windham co. Ct in NE. corner of the state, 46 m. ENE. from Hart ford, 51 SW. from Boston- Pop. 3,38a THOMPSON, t Sullivan co. N. Y. 38 m. W. from Newburgli. Pop. 2,459. It is wa tcred by the Neversink, and contains the vil lages of Thompson, Monticello, and Bridge- ville. The county buildings are at Monti cello. THOMPSON, t Delaware co. Ohio, W. from Scioto river. Pop. 324. THOMPSON, one of the eastern towns of Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 737. THOMPSON S CREEK, r. N. America, runs into the Missouri, 148 m. below the Great Falls. THOMPSON S CREEK, r. S. C. runs SE. into the Great Pedee, below Chatham. THOMPSON S CREEK, r. Mississippi, runs into the Mississippi, lat. 30 59 N. THOMPSONSVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va. 90 m. SW. from W. THOMPSONVILLE, v. Chesterfield dis trict, S. C. 57 m. NE. from Columbia. THORNDIKE, t. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 653. THORNSBURG, t Spotsylvania co. Va. on the Mattapony, 18 m. S. from Fredericksburg THORNTON, t Grafton co. N. H. 11 m N. from Plymouth, 54 N. from Concord. Pop. 1,049. THORNTON S GAP, v. Culpeper co. Va. THORNTON S RIVER, SW. branch of the Rappahannock, rising hi the Blue Ridge near Thornton s Gap, and flowing nearly E. through Culpeper co. Va, into the Rappahan nock. THORNVILLE, v. in the NW. angle of Perry co. Ohio, 35 m. a little S. of E. from Jolurabus. THREE CREEK RUN, r. Va. runs into the Nottaway. THREE RUNS, Lower, v. Barnwell dis- rict, S. C. THREE SISTERS, three small islands, on W. side of Cliesapeake Bay, N. of Parker * [sland. THUNDER BAY, 9 m. broad, at the NW. corner of Lake Huron, in N. America. It receives this name from tl>e supposed contin ual thunder that is heard there. TICKFAH, r. rises in Mississippi, enters Louisiana, and flows into Lake Maurepas, 4 m. NE. of the mouth of the Amite. TICONDEROGA, t. Essex co. N.Y. o W. side of the S. end of Lake Champlain, and at the N. end of Lake George, 12 m. S. from ~rown Point, 95 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,996. A valuable mine of iron ore is found in this township. Ticonderoga Fort, famous in the history of American wars, is situated on an eminence in this township, on W. shore of Lake Champlain, just north of the entrance of the outlet from Lak George into Lake Cham- plain, 15 m. S. from Crown Point, 24 N. from Whitehall. It is now in ruins. TIFFIN, t Adams co. Ohio. Pop, 1,570. TIGER S VALLEY, v. Harrison co, Ohio, 16 m. from Clarksburg. TILGHMAN S ISLAND, in the Chesa peake, Md. at the mouth of the Choptank, con taining about 1,720 acres. TIMBALIER, bay at the mouth of La- fourche, in Louisiana. This bay is about 30 m. in length, and from 3 to 8 wide. The ad jacent island and shores are low grassy or sandy flats. TINKER S CREEK, r.Ohio, runs into the Cuyahoga, 12 m. above Cleveland. TINKER S ISLAND, one of the Eliza beth Islands, near the coast of Massachusetts, 3 m. long, li broad. TINLEYSVILLE, v. Gothland co. Va. 45 m. WNW. from Richmond. TINMOUTH, t Rutland co. Vt. watered by the Otter creek, 10 m, S. from Rutland, 40 m W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,049. TIOGA, r. rises in Pennsylvania, runs N. enters New York, turns to the E. and joins the Susquehannah in Pa. 3 m. S. of N. Y. line. It is navigable for boats 50 m. TIOGA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Tomp- kins co. E. by Broome co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Steuben co. Pop 27,704. Chief towns, Elmira and Owego. TIOGA, co. N. side of Pa. bounded N. by New York, E. by Ontario co. S. by Lycoming co. and W. by Potter co. Pop. 9,062. Chief town, Wellsborough. TIPPECANOE, r. In. joins the Wabash, about 420 m. from its mouth Length about 170 m. It is rendered famous for a battle be- tween the Americans and Indians, in Novem her, 1811. TIPTON, co. Ten. Pop. 5,317. Chief town, Covington. 420 TIP TRA TIPTON, C. H. and t. Tipton co. Ten. 240 m. from Murfreesborough. TISBURY, t. Duke s co. Mass, on N. side of Martha s Vineyard, 8 ra. W. from Edgars- town, 85 S. from Boston. Pop. including the Elizabeth Islands, 1,318. TIVERTON, t. Newport co. R. I. 8 m. NNE. from Newport, 54 S. from Boston. Pop. 2,905. It is on the main land, opposite to Portsmouth, with which it is connected by a bridge. TOBAGO, the most southward of the isl ands of the West Indies, and the most east ward, except Barbadoes. It is 32 m. long, and broad; 120 m. S. of Barbadoes. Lon. 59 W.; lat. ll10 N. TOBAGO LITTLE, island near the NE. extremity of Tobago, in the West Indies, 2 m. long 1 , and 1 broad. TOBY S CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Al- leghany, 20 m. below Franklin. It is about 55 in. long, and is navigable for bateaux through a great part of its course. It is con nected with the western branch of the Susque- hannah by a short portage. TOCKOA FALLS, Franklin co. Geo. It is in a branch of the Tugaloo river. The fall near 200 feet. TODD, co. Ken. bounded by Robertson co. Ten. S. Christian W. Muhlenburg N. and Logan E. Length 30 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Elkton. Pop. in 1820, 5,089 ; in 1830,8,801. TODD S FORK, r. Ohio, joins the Little Miami, 5 m. above Deerfield. TOGOSOHATCHIE CREEK, branch of the Oakmul^ee river, in Georgia. TOLLAND, t. Hampden co. Mass. 20 m WSW. from Springfield, 110 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 724. TOLLAND, co. Ct. bounded N. by Massa chusetts, E. and SE, by Windham co. SW. by Middlesex co. and W. by Hartford co. Pop. 18,700. Chief town, Tolland. TOLLAND, t. and cap. Tolland co. Ct. 11 m. NE. from Hartford, 83 WSW. from Boston 352 from W. Pop. 1,698. It contains a court house, a jail, an academy, and a Congregation al meeting-house. TOMBIGBEE, r. Alabama, rises within a few miles of the Muscle Shoals, flows souther ly near the line between the states of Missis sippi and Alabama, joins the Alabama 45 m. :ibove the head of Mobile Bay, and 75 above the Gulf of Mexico, to form the river Mobile. It is navigable for large vessels to Fort Stod- dert, 44 rn. and at some seasons to St. Stephens It is about 450 in. long, and navigable for boats the greater part of its course. TOMBSTONE, v. Bertie cc, N. C, 291 m from W. TOMHANNOCK, v. Rensselaer Co. N. Y. 19 m. from Albany. TOMPKINS, co. N. Y. from a part of the cos. of Seneca and Cayuga, bounded N. by Seneca and Cayuga cos. E. by Cortlandt co. S. by Tioga co. and W. by Seneca Lake. Chief town, Ithaca. Pop. 36,545. TOMPKINS, t. Del. co. N. Y. on the Del aware, 27 m. SW. from Delhi, 100 SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,774. TOMPKIN S HILL, on Staten Island, in N. Y. 307 feet high. TOM S CREEK, r. N. J. runs between Do ver and Shrewsbury. TONGUE, r. N. America, runs N. into the Yellow-stone. TONNE WANT A, r. N. Y. runs into the Niagara, opposite Grand Isle, 10 m. N. from Black Rock. Length 90 m. It is navigable for boats 30 m. TOPSFIELD, t. Essex co. Mass. 8 m. NNW. from Salem, 20 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,011. TOPSHAM, t. Orange co. Vt. 12 m. W. from Newbury, 25 ENE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,384. TOPSHAM, t. Lincoln co. Me. on N. side of the Androscoggin, opposite Brunswick, 19 m. W. from Wiscasset, 140 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,564. It is a considerable town. Mag netic oxide of iron and crystallized quartz arc found here. TORRINGFORD, v. Litchfield co. Ct. TORRINGTON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 7 m. N. from Litchfield, 339 from W. Pop. 1,654. TORTOLA, principal of the Virgin Islands, in the West Indies, 18 m. long, and 7 broad. In this island almost all the trade is carried on ; it is near 5 m. long, and 2 broad, but badly watered, and reckoned unhealthy. They cul tivate cotton here, which is much esteemed by the manufacturers, likewise rum and sugar ; it has of late years undergone great improve ments. The entrance into the harbor is at the E. end of the island. Lon. 63 W. ; lat. 18 33 N. TORTUE, r. N. America, runs into the Wabash. Lon. 87 55 W. ; lat. 39 30 N. TORTUES, r. La. runs into the Missouri. Lon. 94 24 W. ; lat. 38 26 N. TORTUGA, isl. of the "West Indies, near the N. coast of the island of Hispahiola. It is about 80 in. in circumference, and has a safe harbor, but difficult of access. Lon. 75 10 W.; lat. 20 10 N. TOSQUIATOSSY CREEK, one of the head branches of the Alleghany river. TOWAHNAHIOOKS, r. N. America, runs NW. into the Columbia, 275 miles from its mouth. TOWAMENSING, v. Northampton co.Pa. on the Lehigh, 7 in. from Berlinsville. TOWANDA, t. and cap. Bradford co. Pa. on the W. bank of the N. branch of Susquehan nah river. The borough is called Meansville on all the maps. The township of Towanda contains 986 inhabitants. TOWER HILL, name of a hill and village in S. Kingston, R. I. TOWNSEND, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 44 m. NW. from Boston, 480 from W. Pop. 1,506. TOWNSEND, t Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 202. TOWNSEND, t. Sandusky co. Ohio. Pop. 196. TOWNSHEND, t. Windham co. Vt. 40 m. SSW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,386. TRACY S LANDING, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md. TRA TRO 421 TRANSYLVANIA, v. Jefferson co. Ken. on Ohio river, on the point above the mouth of Harod s creek, 8 m. above Louisville. TRAP, v. Montgomery co. Pa. 27 m. NW. from Philadelphia. TRAP, v. Frederick co. Md. 7 m. SW. from Frederick stown. TRAPPE, t Talbot co. Md. 6 m. ESE. from Oxford. TRAVELLER S REPOSE, v. Greenbrier co. Va. TRAVELLER S REST, v. Greenville dis trict, S. C. TRAVERSE BAY, bay on E. side of Lake Michigan. Lon. 85 W. ; lat. 44 45 N. TRAVERSE ISLANDS, chain of islands at E. end of Noquet s Bay, in Lake Michigan, on one of the largest of which is a town of Ot- tovvay Indians. TREADHAVEN, r. Md. passes by Easton, flows SW. and runs into the Choptank, E. of Benoni s Point. TREMAIN, v. in Ulysses, N. Y. 11 m. NW. from Ithaca. TRENCHE S ISLAND, or Hilton Head, isl. near the coast of S. Carolina, 25 m. long. Lon. 80 68 W.; lat. 32 13 N. TRENT, r. N. C. runs into the Neuse, at Newbern. TRENTON, t. Hancock co. Me. at the mouth of the Union river, 30 m. NE. from Castine, 275 NE. from Boston. Pop. 795. TRENTON, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 12 m. N. from Utica, 406 from W. Pop. 3,221. TRENTON, the metropolis of N. J. in Hunterdon co. on E. bank of the Delaware, opposite the falls, 10 m. SW. from Princeton, 26 SW. from New Brunswick, 30 NE. from Philadelphia, 60 SW. from N. Y. 166 from W. Lon. 75 48 W. ; lat. 40 13 N. Pop. 3,925. It is a handsome and flourishing town, pleas antly situated, and incorporated with city privileges. It contains a handsome state-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, and several exten sive cotton manufactories. In the town, and Lamberton, which joins it on the S. there are 6 churches. Many of the buildings are very spacious in size, and of splendid workmanship. The river is navigable as far as here for sloops. Above the falls, it is navigated by boats car rying from 20 to 25 tons. At the foot of the falls theie is an elegant covered bridge across the river. TRENTON, t and cap. Jones co. N. C. on the Trent, 20 m. W. from Newbern, 81 NNE. from Wilmington, 357 from W. It contains a court-house and a jail. TRENTON, New, t Franklin co. In. TRENTON, v. Todd co. Ken. 209 m. SW. from Frankfort. Pop. 178. TRENTON, v. Butler co. Ohio. 98 m. SW. by W. from Columbus. TRENTON FALLS, in the West Canada creek, Oneida co. N. Y. in the vicinity of the village of Trenton. The creek, which is about 40 yards in width, has several beautiful cas cades within the distance of half a mile. The greatest is about 46 feet perpendicular, and the scenery around is of the most sublime and im posing character. Visitors resort here in great numbers, and tourists from the south com monly take these falls in their route. TRIADELPHIA, v. Montgomery co. Md. TRIANA, v. Madison co. Al. on Tennessee river, at the mouth of Indian Creek, 18 m. SW. from Huntsville. TRIGG, co. Ken. bounded by Tennessee SE. Tennessee river SW. Livingston co. N W. and Caldwell and Christian NE. Length 45 m. mean width 10. Cumberland river runs through this co. Pop. in 1820, 3,874 ; in 1830, 5,889. Chief town, Cadiz. TRINITY, r. Texas, has a southerly course of about 300 m. and flows into the bay of Gal- veston. TROIS RIVIERES, t. of U. C. on the r. St. Lawrence, 35 m. SW. of Quebec. TROUPSBURG, t.in the SW. angle of Steu- ben co. N. Y. 30 m. SE. from Angelica, 35 m. SSW. from Bath, and 305 SW. by W. from Albany. Pop. 666. TROUPSVILLE, v. Sodus, N. York, 30 m. NE. from Canandaigua, 212 W. from Albany. It is eligibly situated on Great Sodus Bay, and is a place of some trade. TROUT RUN, branch of Lycoming creek, Pa. 15 m. N. from William sport, and 117 m. a little W. of N. from Harrisburg. TROY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 60 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 608. TROY, Bristol co. Mass, on E. side of Taun- ton river, 16 m. S. from Taunton 48 S. from Boston. Pop. 4,159. TROY, city and cap. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, 3 m. S. from Lan- singburg, 6 N. from Albany, 166 N. from N. Y. 383 from W. Pop. in 1820, 5,290 ; in 1830, 11,405. It is finely situated, and is a well- built and flourishing town. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, 3 banks, a public library, a Lancasterian school, and 6 houses of public worship, for Presby terians,Epis- copalians, Baptists, Methodists, and Friends. Troy is favorably situated for a great manu facturing town. In point of wealth and trade, it ranks the fourth town in New York. The Hudson is navigable for sloops to this place. The state of Massachusetts has surveyed a canal route to this place. A rail-road over the same route has also been in contemplation. The Van Rensselaer school in this city has ac quired a high reputation. The students deliver mutual lectures, and make extensive excur sions, with a view to personal inspection of the objects of their studies in the natural sciences. Any person over 18, certifying that his acqui sitions are of a certain extent, and that he is of good moral character, can obtain a gratui tous education. An academy for young ladies, conducted by Mrs. Willard, has also obtained great reputation, and has more than 200 pupils. In the vicinity are many fine mill-seats. On Poesten s Kill, which flows into the Hudson at the lower end of the city, there are several flour-mills, an oil-mill, and a distillery ; and on Wynant s Kill, which runs into the Hudson 2 m. lower down, there are also several flour-mills, a paper-mill, 2 cotton manufactories, 1 woollen 422 TRO TW1 manufactory, a gun manufactory, a shovel manufactory, and 2 nail manufactories. These streams afford some of the finest mill-seats in the country. TROY, v. and seat of justice, Obion co. Ten. 147 m. NVV. by W. from Murfreesbo- rough, 863 from W. TROY, v. Athens co. Ohio, on the Ohio, at the junction of the Hocking, 25 miles below Marietta. TROY, t. and cap. Miami co. Ohio, on the Great Miami, 21 m. N. from Dayton, 66 W. from Columbus, 72 N. from Cincinnati, 474 from W. Pop. 504. TROY, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 368. TROY, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 987. TROY, t. Perry co. In. on the Ohio, about 55 m. WSW. from Corydon. TRUM ANSBURG, v. Seneca co. N. Y. TRUMBULL, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 6 m. NW. from Stratford, 17 W. from New Haven. Pop. 1,238. TRUMBULL, co. Ohio, bounded by Mercer co. Pa. E. Columbiana S. Portage and Geauga W. and N. by Ashtabula. Length 35 m. mean width 25. Chief town, Warren. Pop. in 1820, 15,546; in 1830, 26,154. TRURO, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 40 m. NE. from Barnstable, 107 SE. from Boston. Pop. 1,549. It extends across the peninsula of Cape Cod, and lies between Provincetown and Well- fleet. TRURO, t Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 688. TRUXTON, t. Cortlandt co. N.Y. 14 m. NE. from Homer, 142 W. from Albany. Pop. 3,888. TRYON MOUNTAINS, mts. N. C., W. of Salisbury, bordering on Tennessee. TUCKER S ISLAND, small isl. near the coast cf S. C. Lon. 80 16 W. ; lat. 32 36 N. TUCKERSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Geo. TUCKERSVILLE, v. Crawford co. In. 126 m. a little W. of S. from Indianapolis. TUCKERTON, v. Burlington co. N. J. near S. end of Little Eggharbor Bay. TUFTONBOROUGH,t. Strafford co. N.H. on E. side of Lake Winnipiseogee, 50 m. NNE. from Concord, 53 NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,375. TUGELOO, r. Geo. one of the branches of the river Savannah, joins the Keowee 48 m. NW. from Petersburg. TULLIS CREEK, r. Va. runs into the Po tomac, Ion. 78 2 W. ; lat. 39 33 N. TULLY, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 14 m. S. from Onondaga, 50 SW. from Utica. Pop. 1,640. TULLYTOWN, v. Greenville district, S. C. 98 m. NW. from Columbus. TULPEHOCKEN, r. Pa. runs E. into the Schuylkill, just above Reading. It rises near the sources of the Quitipahilla, a branch of the Swatara. TUNBRIDGE, t. Orange co. Vt 32 m. S. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,920. TUNKHANNOCK CREEK, r. Pa. runs SW. into the E. branch of the Susquehannah, about 35 m. above Wilkesbarre. TUNKHANNOCK, v. Luzerne co. Pa. TURIN, t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 20 m. N. from Rome, 143 NW. from Albany. Pop. 1,561. TURKEY CREEK, r. S.C. runs into Reedy river. TURKEY FOOT, v. Somerset co. Pa. TURKEY HILL, t. St. Clair co. II. TURKEY POINT, cape on the coast of Md. at the mouth of the Susquehannah, where it takes the name of Chesapeake, 16 m. S. from Elkton. Here the British army landed in Au gust, 1777, as they were advancing to Phila delphia. TURNER, t. Oxford co. Me. on the An- droscoggin, 18 m. ENE. from Paris, 155 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,218. TURNERSVILLE, v. Robertson co. Ten. 72 m. NW. from Murfreesborough. TURNPIKE, v. Greenville co. S.C. TURTLE CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Monongahela, in Alleghany co. At the head of this creek Gen. Braddock was killed, in 1755. TURTLE CREEK, t Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 4,143. TURTLE CREEK, t Shelby co. Ohio, con taining the village of Sydney. Pop. 296. TURTLE INLET, channel between two small islands on the coast of N. J. Lon. 74 47 W.; lat. 39 2 N. TURTLE RIVER, r. Geo. runs into the sea, Ion. 71 40 W. ; lat. 31 12 N. TUSCALOOSA, co. Al. bounded S. by Perry and Greene, W. by Pickins, N. by Jefferson, and E. by Shelby and Bibb. Length 40 m. mean width 30. Tuscaloosa river crosses this co. from N. to S. Chief town, Tuscaloosa. Pop. in 1820, 8,229 ; in 1830, 13,646. TUSCALOOSA, v. and seat of justice, Tus caloosa co. Al. and also seat of government in that state, is situated on the bank of Tusca loosa river, about 60 m. above its mouth, 120 SSW. from Huntsville, and 200 a little E. of N. from Mobile. TUSCARAWAS, name frequently applied to the main branch of the Muskingum, above Coshocton. TUSCARAWAS, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Stark, E. by Harrison, S. by Harrison and Guernsey, and W. by Coshocton cos. It is 30 m. by 29 in extent. Chief town, New Phila delphia. Pop. in 1820, 8,328 ; in 1830, 14,298. TUSCARAWAS, small v. on the W. bank of the Tuscarawas river, and in the co. of the same name, Ohio, 9 m. southerly from New Philadelphia. TUSCARAWAS, t Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,524. TUSCARORA CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Juniatta, 12 m. SE. from Lewistown. TUSCARORA VALLEY, v. Mifflin co. Pa. TUSCUMBIA, v. Franklin co. AL 249 m. NNW. from Cahawba. TWELVE ISLES, or Twelve Apostles, islands on the S. side of Lake Superior. TWELVE MILE CREEK, r. S. C. runs into the Saluda. TWIGGS, co. Geo. bounded W. by the Oak- mulgec river or Monroe co. Jones co. NW. TWI UNI 423 Wilkinson NE. and Pulaski SE. Length 27 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Marion. Pop. in 1820, 10,447; in 1830, 8,029. TWIN, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,228. TWIN, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 1,893. TWIN, t. Darke co. Ohio. Pop. 590. TWO LICK CREEK, r. Indiana co. Pa. runs S. into the Conemaugh. TYBEE, isl. near the coast of Geo. at the mouth of the Savannah. A light-house, 80 feet high, stands on this island, in Ion. 81 10 W.; lat. 32^ N. TYE, r. Va. runs into James river. TYEMOCHTEE, r. Ohio, runs into the Sandusky, 12 m. below Upper Sandusky. TYGART S VALLEY RIVER, r. Va. flows through Randolph co. and unites with Buchanan river. TYGER, r. S. C. runs SE. and unites with Broad river, 5 m. above the Enoree. TYGER S CREEK, r. La. runs into the Missouri, 276 m. W. of the Mississippi. TYGER S CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the Ohio, Ion. 83 W.; lat. 38 22 N. TYNGSBOROUGH, t. Middlesex co. Mass, on W. side of the Merrimack, and NW. side of Chelmsford ; 28 m. NW. from Boston. Large quantities of beautiful stone for building, are obtained in this town and Chelmsfbrd, and con- veyed down the Middlesex canal to Boston. TYONISTA, r. Pa. runs into the Allegheny, Ion. 73 30 W. ; lat. 41 29 N. TYRINGHAM, t Berkshire co. Mass. 14 m. SSE. from Lenox, 116 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,351. TYRREL, co. E. side of N. C. Pop. 4,732 Chief town, Columbia. U. ULSTER, t. Bradford co. Pa. on the right side of the Susquehannah river, above Towan- da. Pop. 383. ULSTER, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Greene co. E. by the Hudson, S. by Orange co. SW, by Sullivan co. and NW. by Delaware co, Pop. in 1820, 30,934 ; in 1830, 36,551. Chief town, Kingston. ULYSSES, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. at S end of Lake Cayuga, 14m. SE. from Ovid. It contains 2 post-villages, Ithaca and Tremain Pop. 3,130. UMBAGOG, lake, in N. Hampshire and Maine. It is 18 m. long, and, where widest, 10 broad. Lat. 44 42 7 N. It is chiefly in Maine : that part belonging to N. Hampshire is within the townships of Errol and Cam bridge. UMBERSTON CREEK, r. Virginia, runs into the Potomac, lat. 39 35 N. UNADILLA, t. Otsego co. N.Y. 34 m SW. from Cooperstown, 100 WSW. from Al bany. Pop. 2,313. It lies on W. side of the Susquehannah, and on E. side of the Unadilla UNADILLA, r. N. Y. separates the coun ties of Otsego and Chenango, and runs into the Susquehannah, Ion. 75 58 7 W. ; lat. 42 19 N UNDERBILL, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 34 m NW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,050. UNICORN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 59 m. W. rom Philadelphia. UNION, r. Maine, runs S. into Bluehill Bay. UNION, t. Lincoln co. Me. 29 m. NE. from Viscasset, 190 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,612. UNION, t. ToUand co. Ct. 6 m. E. from Stafford. Pop. 711. UNION, t. Broome co. N. Y. on the Sus- uehannah, 6 m. W. from Chenango Point, 140 W. from Catskill. Pop. 2,122. UNION, v- in Nassau, N.Y. 11 m. SE. rom Albany. UNION, v. in Greenwich, N. 34 m. N.frorn Albany. It contains 2 meeting-houses, and an academy. UNION, v. Bern, N. Y. 21 m. N. from Albany. UNION, v. Peru, N. Y. 150 m. W. from Albany. UNION, or Uniontown, t. bor. and cap. Fayette co. Pa. on the Redstone, 300 m. W. from Philadelphia, and 193 from W. Pop. 2,433. It contains a court-house, a jail, a jank, an academy, a printing-office, 2 or 3 louses of public worship, and in the town and vicinity are many mills. UNION, co. Pa. bounded by Susquehannah river E. Mifflin S. and SW. Centre W. and Lycoming N. Length 26 m. mean width 21. Chief town, New Berlin. Pop. in 1820, 18,619 , in 1830, 20,749. UNION, v. and seat of justice, Union dis trict, S. C. 60 m. NNW. from Columbia. UNION, co. Ohio, bounded by Delaware E. Madison and Champaign S. Logan W. and Hardin and Marion N. Length 27 in. breadth 17. Soil generally fertile. Chief town, Mary s- ville. Pop. in 1820, 1,996; in 1830, 3,192. UNION, co. Ken. bounded by Ohio river W. and NW. Henderson co. NE. Hopkins SE. and Livingston co. SW. Length 30 m. mean width 16. This co. lies opposite to the mouth of Wabash river. Chief town, Morganfield. Pop. in 1820, 3,470 ; in 1830, 4,435. UNION, co. II. bounded by the Mississippi river W. Jackson and Franklin cos. N. and Johnson E. Length 24 m. breadth 18. Chief towns, Hamburg and Jonesborough. Pop. in 18PO, 2,362; in 1830, 3,239. UNION, district, S. C. bounded by Broad river, or York, Chester, and Fairfield districts E. Enoree river, or Newberry and Laurens districts SW. and Spartanburg W. and NW. Length 45 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Union. UNION, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,370. UNION, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,799. UNION, t. Loudon co. Va. 58 m. from W. UNION, or Shakerstown, t. Warren co. Ohio, 4 m. W. from Lebanon. It is a pleasant settlement of Shakers. UNION, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 851. UNION, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 1,439. UNION, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 1,469. UNION, t. Miami co.Ohio. Pop. 1,578. UNION, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 836. UNION, v. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 139. 424 UNI VAS UNION, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 957 UNION, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop 1,337. UNION, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 2,654. UNION, t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 674. UNION, t. and cap. Monroe co. Va. 17 m S. from Lewisburg, about 45 ra. W. by N. froir Fincastle, 267 from W. UNION BRIDGE, v. Frederick co. Md. 62 m. from W. UNION MILLS, v. Frederick co. Md 7 m. from W. UNION MILLS, v. Fluvanna co. Va. on the Rivanna. UNION SPRINGS, v. in Aurelius, N. Y. UNIONTOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. 66 m from W. UNIONTOWN, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. UNIONVILLE, t. and cap. Union district, S. C. 75 m. N. from Columbia, 467 from W UNITIA, v. Blount co. Ten. 190 m. east ward from Murfreesborough. UNITY, t. Waldo co. Me. 30 m. NNE, from Augusta, 196 NNE. from Boston. Pop, 1,299. UNITY, t. Sullivan co. N. H. 9 m. NE, from Charlestown, 93 NW. from Boston. Pop, 1,258. UNITY, t. Montgomery co. Md. 30 m. N. from W. UNITY, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,757. UPPER, t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 674. UPPER SANDUSKY, v. Crawford co Ohio, on Sandusky river, about 80 m. a little W. of N. from Columbus. Lat. 40 49 N. UPPER THREE RUNS, v. Barnwell dis trict, S. C. UPPERVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va. 52 m. from W. UPSON, co. Geo. in the NW. part of the state. Pop. 7,013. UPTON, Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. SE. from Worcester, 38 SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,157. URBANNA,t. and cap. Champaign co.Ohio, 34 m. NE. from Dayton, 44 W. by N. from Columbus, 447 from W. Lon. 83 43 W. ; lat. 40 3 N. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, a Methodist meeting-house, and a printing-office. It is situated in a fertile tract of country. Pop. 2,354. URBANNA, t. Middlesex co. Va. on SW. side of the Rappahannock, 60 m. ENE. from Richmond. URBANNA, v. Steuben co. N. Y. 225 m. W. from Albany. USTAYANTHO, lake, N. Y. from which the river Delaware takes its rise. UTICA, v. Clarke co. In. on Ohio river, opposite Transylvania, in Jefferson co. Ken. UTICA, city, Oneida co. N. Y. on S. bank of the Mohawk, 4 m. SE. from Whitesborough, 14 ESE. from Rome, 93 W. by N. from Alba- ny, 392 from W. I.on. 75 13 W.; lat. 43 6 N. It is pleasantly situated, handsomely laid out, and well built, and contains 8 houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, Episcopa lians, Scotch Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists ; an academy, a free-school, a court house, a bank, an insurance office, several manufactories, and has an extensive trade. It is situated in a fertile country, is a wealthy and flourishing town, and the commercial capi tal of the western part of the state. It is a noted point of union for arriving and depart ing stages. This town has gained its import ance by being favorably situated in regard to commerce and agricultural wealth. Pop. in 1820, 2,972; in 1830, 8,323, having almost tripled its population since the last census. The U. States district court is held here. UTRECHT, or New Utrecht, t. Kings co. N. Y. on W. end of Long Island, on E. side of the Narrows, 9 m. S. from New York. Pop. 1,217. UXBRIDGE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. SSE. from Worcester, 40 SW. from Boston. Pop. 2,086. It borders on Rhode Island, and is watered by Blackstone, Mumford, and West rivers. It is a pleasant and considerable agri cultural town, and contains valuable mills, and some manufacturing establishments. V. VALLEY CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Schuylkill. Lat 40 1 N. VALLEY FORGE, place in Pa. near the union of Valley Creek with the Schuylkill, 15 m. NW. from Philadelphia. VALONI A, t. Jackson co. Indiana, 64 m. S. from Indianapolis. VANCEBURG, v. Lewis co. Ken. 99 m. from Frankfort. Pop. 93. VANCOUVER S FORT, Ken. at the union of the two branches of Sandy river. VANDALIA, t. Fayette co. II. 55 m. from St. Louis. Vandalia has been selected as the political metropolis of this state. It is pleas antly situated on a high bank of the Kaskas- kia river, in the centre of a rich and thriving country. It was founded but a few years since. But respectable houses for the accommodation of the government and the courts have already been erected. Many handsome brick build ings have arisen. A weekly gazette is issued, and it exhibits the aspect of a respectable vil lage, having from SO to 100 houses. Lon. from W. 12 1 W. ; lat. 39 5 N. VANDERBURGH, co. In. bounded by the Ohio river S. Posey W. and N. and Warrick E. Length 20 m. mean width 12. It is drained jy Big Pigeon creek. Pop, 2,610. Chief town, Evansville. VANGEVILLE, t. Ken. on the Ohio river, at the mouth of Salt Lick creek, 36 m. above Maysville. It has some salt-works. VANSVILLE, t. Prince George co. Md. 14 n. fromW. Lat. 39 2 N. VANWERT, co. in the NW. part of Ohirf, )ounded by Paulding N. Putnam and Allen E. VIercer S. and state of Indiana W. Length 24m. width 18. Pop. 432. VARENNES, v. Pendleton co. S.C. 143 m. NW. from Columbia. VARIETY, v. Nelson co. Va. VASSALBOROUGII, t. Kennebeck co. Me VEAVEV 425 on E. side of the Kennebeck river, opposite Sidney, 8 m. N. from Augusta, 180 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,761. This is a large and val uable agricultural town. VEAL TOWN, t. N. J. 14 m. NNW. from New Brunswick. VENANGO, co. NW. part of Pa. bounded N. by Crawford and Warren cos. E. by Jeffer son, S. by Armstrong and Butler, and W. by Mercer. Pop. 9,128. Chief town, Franklin. VENANGO, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 544. VENICE, t. Huron co. Ohio, on S. side of Sandusky Bay, 4 m. W. from the new town of Sandusky. This town has a good harbor, and is flourishing. VENICE, v. Cayuga co. N.Y. 20 m. N. from Ithaca, and 15 S. from Auburn. VENUS, t. and cap. Hancock co. II. 133 m. from Vandalia, and 914 from W. VERA CRUZ, formerly an intendency, now a state of the republic of Mexico. It is a long narrow slip, extending on the Gulf of Mexico 450 m. with a mean width of 60 m. lying be tween lat. 17 and 22 20 N. In all Its great line of sea-coast, not one really good harbor exists. There are few, if any other regions of the world where transition of soil, eleva tion, and vegetable life are more rapid and striking. The western part rises on the de clivity of Anahuac. In one day the traveller ascends from the parched plains near the Mex ican Gulf, to the region of perpetual snow. Staples, vanilla, cocoa, tobacco, cotton, sugar, and rice. This intendency contains the two great volcanic summits of Orizaba, and Coffre de Perote. In it, near Papantla, are found very well preserved remains of ancient monu ments. Its cities are Vera Cruz, Xalapa, Pe rote, Cordoba, Orizaba, and Tlacotlalpan. VERA CRUZ, city of Mexico, and capital of the state of the same name. This city, beautiful and wealthy from art, owes nothing to nature. It stands on the low, sandy, and insalubrious coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The harbor, if it ought to be so called, is in some measure protected by the small island of St. Jean d Uloa, but is in reality very insecure. The winter population of Vera Cruz is about 17,000, but in summer the yellow fever drives the wealthy to Xalapa, and other places of the interior. Arid sands environ this city, which depends on foreign commerce for its very exist ence. Lat. 1 9 11 N. ; Ion. from W. 19 9 W. VERA PAZ, province of Guatemala, bound ed on the N. by Jucatan, E. by the bay and province of Honduras, S. by Guatemala proper, and W. by Chiapa. It is full of mountains and forests ; but there are many fertile val leys, which feed a great number of horses and mules. There are also many towns and vil lages of the native Americans. The capital, of the same name, or Coban, is a bishop s see, but is inconsiderable. It is 120 m. NE. from Guatemala. Lon. 90 55 W. ; lat. 15 30 N. VERDIGRIS, r. Miso. joins the Arkansas, 15 or 20 m. above Canadian river. It is nav igable 150 m. VERGENNES, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, llm. below Middlebury, and 20 S. from 3D Burlington. Pop. 999. It is situated on both sides of the Otter creek, at the head of navi gation, 6 m. above Basin Harbor at the mouth of the river. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a woollen manufactory, extensive clothiers works, iron works, 2 large grist- mills, and several saw-mills, and has consider able trade. VERMILLION, t. Huron co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Vermillion r. about 40 m. W. from Cleveland. VERMILLION, r. Ohio, runs into Lake Erie, 9 m. E. from Huron river. VERMILLION, r. II. runs into the Illinoig river, 150 m. from the Mississippi. It is rocky and not navigable. VERMILLION, r. In. flows into the Wa- bash, about 40 m. below Ouiatan. VERMILLION, r. La. flows into the Gulf of Mexico, W. of a bay of the same name. VERMILLION, r. La. joins the Arkansas. VERMILLION BRIDGE, v. Attakapas dis trict, La. VERMILLION POINT, or Cape Towns- end, a peninsula in Lake Michigan, which separates Green Bay from the other part of the lake. It is 23 leagues long, and from 1 to 3 broad. VERMILLION, co. II. on Vermillion of Wabash, and N. from Edgar co. It is travers ed by lat. 40 N. VERMILLION, C. H. Vermillion co. II. about 120 m. NE. from Vandalia, and 100 a little N. of W. from Indianapolis, in In. VERMILLION, t. Huron eo. Ohio, on Ver- million river. Pop. 505. VERMILLION, URichland co.Ohio. Pop. 1,451. VERMONT, one of the U.S. See page 52 VERNON, t. and seat of justice, Hiekman co. Ten. on the left bank of Duck river. VERNON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 6 m. WSW. from Tolland. Pop. 1,164. VERNON, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. W from Utica. Pop. 3,045. VERNON, t. Sussex co. N. J. VERNON, or Smithfield, t. TiumbuU co. Ohio, 20 m. NE. from Warren. VERNON, t. Clinton eo. Ohio. Pop. 1,043. VERNON, New, v. Morris eo. N. J. VERNON, t. Jennings eo. In. 25 m. NW. from Madison. VERONA, t. Oneida co. N.Y. on Wood creek, and E. of Oneida Lake, 20 m. W. from Utica. Pop. 3,739. Great quantities of iron ore, and sand suitable for making glass, are found in this town. VERSAILLES, t. and cap. Woodford co. Ken. on the river Kentucky, 12 m. SW. from Lexington, 547 from W. Pop. 904. It is a handsome and flourishing town, containing a bank, and an academy. VERSHIRE, t. Orange co. Vt. on E. side of Chelsea, 32 m. N. from Windsor. Pop. 1,260 VESSEL BAY, on E. shore of Lake Cham- plain, extending NE. into the township of Charlotte. VEVAY, t. and cap. Switzerland eo. Indiana, on the Ohio, 8 m. above the mouth of the Ken- 426 VIC WAB tucky river, nearly equidistant from Cincin nati, Louisville, and Lexington, about 45 m. from each, and 556 from W. It is pleasantly situated, and contains between 2 and 300 houses, a court-house, jail, academy, printing- office, from which issues a weekly journal, a branch of the bank of Indiana, and some other public buildings. This interesting town was commenced in 1804, by 30 Swiss families, to whom the United States made a grant, under favorable stipulations, of a considerable tract of land, to patronize the cultivation of the vine. The patriarch of this colony was a Swiss gen tleman, of the name of J. J. Dufour, who con tinued an intelligent friend to the town. The colony soon received considerable accessions from the mountains of Switzerland. In grate ful remembrance of their native hills, and to create in the bosom of their adopted country tender associations with their ancient country, they named their stream Venoge, and their town Vevay. Messrs. Dufour, Morerod, Bet- tens, Siebenthal, and others, commenced the cultivation of the grape on a large scale. This cultivation has gone on steadily increasing. A hundred experiments have been since com menced in different points of the west. But this still remains the largest vineyard in the United States. We have witnessed nothing in our country, in the department of garden ing and cultivation, which can compare with the richness of this vineyard, in the autumn, when the clusters are in maturity. Words feebly paint such a spectacle. The horn of plenty seems to have been emptied in the pro- Juction of this rich fruit. VICKSBURGH, v. Fairfield co. Ohio. VICKSBURGH, v. Warren co. Mis. about 60 m. NNE. from Natchez. VICTORY, t. NW. part of Cayuga co. N. Y. 12 m. a little N. of E. from Montezuma. VICTORY, t. Essex co. Vt. 55 m. ENE. from Montpelier. Pop. 53. VIDALIA, v. parish of Concordia, La. on the right bank of the Mississippi, directly op posite Natchez. It is a small village in a single street, parallel to the river, and within the levee. VIELLEBOROUGH, v. Caroline co. Va. 71 m. from W. VIENNA, t Kennebcck co. Me. 26 m. NW. from Augusta, G61 from W. Pop. 417. VIENNA, t. and port of entry, Dorchester co. Md. on the Nanticoke, 19 m. SE. from Cam bridge. It contains only about 20 houses. The shipping belonging to this port, in 1816, amounted to 19,214 tons. VIENNA, t. and seat of justice, Johnson co. II. 40 m. NE. from the mouth of Ohio r. 167 from Vandalia, and 817 from W. VIENNA, t, Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 910. VIENNA, t. Abbeville district, S. C. on the Savannah r. 52 m. above Augusta. VIENNA, t. Ohio co. Ken. on Green river, 20 m. WNW. from Hartford. VIGO, co. In. bounded by the state of Illi nois W. Parke N. Putnam E. and Sullivan S. Length 20 m. mean width 18. Pop. 5,737. The chief town, Terre Haute, is situated on the left bank of the Wabash, 60 m. by land above Vincerines. VILLAGE GREEN, v. Delaware co. Pa. 5 m. W. from Chester, and 20 SW. from Phila delphia. VILLAGE HILL, v. Nottaway co. Va. VILLAGE SPRINGS, v. Blount co. Al. 181 m. N. from Cahawba. yiLLEPUCHE, v. Miso. on W. side of the Mississippi, 19 m. below St. Louis. VINALHAVENj t. Hancock co. Me. 13 m. S. from Castine, 210 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,794. It is situated on the Fox Islands, in Penobscot Bay. VINCENNES, t. and cap. Knox co. In. on E. bank of the Wabash, 100 m. from its junc tion with the Ohio, in a direct line, and nearly 200 m. by the course of the river, 120 W. from Louisville, 150 m. NE. from Kaskaskia, and 693 from W. Lon. 88 23 W. ; lat. 40 39 N. It has improved rapidly of late, and contains 300 houses, a brick court-house and hotel, a jail, a respectable building for an academy, a Roman Catholic and a Presbyterian church, land-office, post-office, two printing offices, from one of which is issued a respectable gazette, a bank, and some other public buildings, and 1,500 inhabitants. It is situated contiguous to a beautiful prairie, 5,000 acres of which are cultivated as a common field, after the ancient French custom. It was for a long time the seat of the territorial government, and still has as much trade as any other place in the state. The plat of the town is level, and laid off with regularity. The houses have extensive gardens, crowded after the French fashion with fruit trees. It is accessible, for the greater part of the year, by steam-boats, and is a place of ex tensive supply of merchandise to the interior of the state. VINCENT, t. Chester co. Pa. on SW. side of the Schuylkill. Pop. 2,147. VINEYARD, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. 34 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 459. VINEYARD, New, t. Somerset co. Me. 15 m. WNW. from Norridgewock. Pop. 869. VINEYARD, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. VIRGIL, t. Cortlandt co. N.Y. 10 m. S. from Homer, and 155. W. from Albany. Pop. 3,912. VIRGINIA, state of the U. S. See page 91. VIRGIN ISLANDS, about 30 islands and keys in the West Indies, between St. Juan de Puerto Rico and the Leeward Caribbee Islands. They are possessed by the English and Danes. VOLNEY, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on the Os- wego, 50 m. W. from Rome. Pop. 3,629. A valuable quarry of stone, of which grind-stones, &c. are made, is found at Oswego falls in this town. VOLUNTOWN, t. Windham co. Ct. 16 m. E. from Norwich. Pop. 1,304. W. WABASH, r. In. waters the middle and western part of the state, and flows into the Ohio, 30 m, above Cumberland river. It is WAB WAR 427 upwards of 500 m. long, and is navigable for keel-boats 400 m. to Ouiatan, and also for small boats to within 8 m. of the Maumee. WABASH, Little, r. In. runs SE. into the Wabash, a fcw miles above the Ohio. WABISAPENCUN, r. La. runs into the Mississippi. Lat. 41 40 N. WACHUSETT, mt in Princeton, Mass. The height of this mountain was measured by a barometer, and found to be 2,020 feet above the level of the sea. WADESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Anson co. N. C. 70 m. SSE. from Salisbury, 76 W. from Fayetteville. WADE S POINT, cape, on the coast of N. C. Lon. 76 20 W.; lat. 36 7 N. WADING RIVER, v. in Riverhead, N. Y. WADMELAW, r. S. C. separates the island of St John from the continent. WADMELAW, small isl. on the coast of S. C. which communicates with St. John s Isl and by means of a bridge. WAHNAACHA, r. N. America, runs SE. into the Columbia, below Clarke s river. WAITSFIELD, t. Washington co. Vt. 18 m. SW, from Montpelier. Pop. 958. This is a valuable agricultural township. WAIT S RIVER, r. Vt runs into the Con- necticut, 12 m. below Well s river. WAKATOMIKA, r. Ohio, runs SE. and joins the Muskingum, 13 m. above Zanesville. WAKAYGAGH, or Fort, r. NW. territory, runs into Lake Michigan. Lon. 87 9 W.; lat. 42 58 N. WAKE, co. central part of N. Carolina. Pop. 20,417. Chief town, Raleigh. WAKEFIELD, t. Strafford co. N. H. 25 m. ENE. from Gilmanton, 42 NNW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 1,470. It contains a cotton manufactory and an academy. WALDEN, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 7 m. NW. from Danville, 22 NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 827. WALDOBOROUGH, s-p. Lincoln co. Me. 22 m. ENE. from Wiscasset, 180 NE. from Boston. Pop. 3,113. It is a considerable town. The shipping belonging to this port, in 1816, amounted to 19,743 tons. WALES, t. Lincoln co. Me. Pop. 612. WALKERSVILLE, v. Centre co. Pa. WALKERSVILLE, v. Lincoln co. Gee, WALKERTOWN, t. King and Queen co. Va. on the Mattapony, 45 m. NE. from Rich mond. WALLABOUT, part of Brooklyn, N. Y. in which is a U. S. navy -yard. It lies NE. of the village. WALLACE, small isl. near the coast of S. Carolina. Lon. 78 35 W. ; lat. 33 54 N. WALLINGFORD, t. Rutland co. Vt. 32 m, W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,740. WALLINGFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct 12 m. NNE. from New Haven. Pop. 2,419. WALLKILL, r. rises in New Jersey, runs NE. and flows into the Hudson, near Kingston, N. Y. It passes through the Drowned Lands. Length 80 m. WALLKILL, t. Orange co. N. Y. 20 m. W. from Newburgh, Pop. 4,056. WALNUT, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop 1,592. WALNUT, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 2,200 WALNUT BRANCH, v. Fauquier ca Va. WALNUT, Big, r. Ohio, rises in Delaware co. and joins the Scioto, about 10 m. below Co lumbus. WALNUT COVE, v. Campbell co. Ten. WALNUT CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into tho Scioto, 6 m. above Circleville. WALNUT CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the Scioto, 10 m. below Chillicothe. WALNUT GROVE, v. St. Clair co. li WALNUT GROVE, v. Mercer co. Ken. WALNUT HILL, v.Greenville district, S.C. WALNUT HILLS, v.and fort, Warren co. Miss, on the Mississippi, 1 2 m. S. of the mouth of the Yazoo, 134 m. above Natchez. WALPOLE, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 20 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,442. WALPOLE, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on the Connecticut, opposite Westminster, with which it is connected by a bridge, 12 m. S. from Charlestown, 13 NW. from Keene, 20 N. by E. from Brattleborough, 60 W. by S. from Con cord, 90 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,979. WALTHAM, t. Addison co. Vt. 30 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 330. WALTHAM, t. Middlesex co. Mass, on N. side of Charles river, which separates it from Newton, 10 m. W. from Boston, 34 E. by N. from Worcester. Pop. 1,859. It is a pleasant town, and contains manufactories of woollen, cotton, and paper, which are among the best and most extensive establishments of the kind in the country. WALTON, t. Delaware co. N. Y, on the Delaware, 15 m. SW. from Delhi, 85 SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,672. WALTON, co. West Florida. Pop. 6,092. Chief town, Alaqua. WALTON, co. Geo. bounded SW. by New ton, W. by Gwinnet, NW. by Hall, NE. by Oconee river, or by Jackson and Clarke, and SE. by Morgan and Jasper. Length 25, mean width 22 m. Chief town, Monroe. Pop. in 1820,4,192; in 1830, 10,931. WANASQUIATUCKET, r. R. I. unites with the Moshasick, just above Providence, to form Providence river. WAPPINGER S CREEK, v. in Pough- keepsie, N. Y. WAPPINGER S CREEK, r. N.Y. run. into the Hudson, 8 m. S. from Poughkeepsie. Length 33 m. WAPPOCOMO, r. Va. runs into the Poto mac, 9 m. ESE. from Fort Cumberland. WARD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 5 m. SSW. from Worcester, 45 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 690. WARD S CREEK, r. Md. runs into th Chesapeake. Lon. 76 52 W. ; lat. 38 8 N. WARD^S CREEK, r. Va. runs into James river. Lon. 77 11 W. ; lat 37 10 N. WARDSBOROUGH, t. Windham co. Vt 20 m. NE. from Bennington. Pop. 1,148. WARDSBRIDGE, v. Montgomery, Orangre co. N.Y. WARDWELL, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 428 WAR WAR WARE, t Hampshire co. Mass. 21 m. ESE. from Northampton, 70 W. from Boston. Pop. 2,045, WARE, r, Worcester co. Mass, runs SW. and unites with the Chicapee, W. fr. Palmer. WARE, r, Va. runs into the Chesapeake. Lon. 76 26 W. ; lat. 37 25 N. WAREHAM, t. Plymouth co. Mass, at the head of Buzzard s Bay, 17 m. S. from Ply- mouth, 54 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,885. It contains a cotton manufactory, and a furnace. WARMINSTER, t Amherst co. Va. on James river, 90 m. above Richmond. WARM SPRING, in Bath co. Va. issues in a large stream, sufficient to work a grist mill, and to keep its basin, which is 30 feet in diameter, at the vital warmth, viz. 96 of Fah renheit The waters afford the finest natural bath known in America, and are efficacious in rheumatism, and some other complaints. Here is a post-office. WARM SPRING MOUNTAINS, ridge of the Alleghany mountains, in Bath and Pendle- ton cos. Va. remarkable for warm springs. WARM SPRINGS, v. York co. Pa. WARM SPRINGS, v. Buncombe co. N. C. WARNER, t. Merrimack co. N.H. 17 m. WNW. from Concord, 505 from W. Pop. 2,221. WARNER, r. N. H. runs into the Contoo- cook, in Hopkinton. WARREN, t. Lincoln co. Me. on St. George s river, on west side of Thomastown, 30 m. E. by N, from Wiscasset, 145 NE. from Boston. Pop, 2,030. WARREN, t. Washington co. Vt, 20 m. SW. from Montpelier, Pop. 766. WARREN, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. SE. from Haverhill. Pop. 702. WARREN, t Bristol co. IL I. on NE. part of Narraganset Bay, 4 m. N. from Bristol, 10 S. from Providence, 52 SSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,800, It is a pleasant town, and con tains a bank, an insurance-office, an academy, a printing-office, and 3 houses of public wor ship. It carries on considerable trade with the West Indies, and is remarkable for ship building. WARREN, t Litchfield co, Ct 9 m. W Litchfield. Pop. 985. WARREN, co. N, Y. bounded N. by Essex co. E. by Washington co. S. by Saratoga co. and W, by Hamilton co. It is watered by the Hudson and Lake George, Pop. 11,795, Chief town, Caldwell. WARREN, t, Herkimer co, N. Y. 10 m. S from Herkimer, 70 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,084. Iron ore is found here. WARREN, t Somerset co. N, J. Pop. 1,561 WARREN, co. NW. part of Pa. bounded N, by New York, E. by M Kean co. S. by Jef ferson and Venango cos. and W. by Crawfor and Erie cos. Pop. 9,128. Chief town, Warren It is watered by the Alleghany, WARREN, t aud cap. Warren co. Pa, on N. side of the Alleghany, and at the junction of the Conewango, about 70 m. ESE. from Erie. 313 from W. WARREN, t. Albemarle co. Va. on James iver, 10 m. NE. from Warminster. WARREN, co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 1,493. Chief town, Lebanon. WARREN, t. and cap. Trumbull co. Ohio, n the Mahoning, 40 m. SE. from Painesville, 7 NW. from Pittsburg, 306 from W. It is a lourishing town, and contains the county build- ngs, a bank, and a printing-office. Pop. 510. WARREN, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 2,295. WARREN, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on the Ohio. Pop. 1,576. WARREN, v. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 130. WARREN, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. >49. WARREN, co. N. part of N.C. Pop. 10,916. ^hief town, Warrenton. WARREN, co. Ken. bounded by Allen SE. Simpson S. Logan SW. Butler NW. Green r. )r Grayson and Hart N. and Barren E. Length }5 m. mean width 20. Big Barren river passes hrough this co. Chief town, Bowling Green. >op. in 1820, 11,776 ; in 1830, 10,947. WARREN, co. Ten. bounded by Franklin S. Rutherford W. Wilson and Smith NW. 3aney fork river or White NE. and Bledsoe SE. Length 40 m. width 20. Chief town, M Min- /ille. Pop. in 1820, 10,348; in 1830, 15,351. WARREN, co. Mis. bounded by Missis sippi river W. Yazoo river N. Newpurchase 3. and Big Black river or Claiborne co. S. Length 30 m. width 11. Pop. in 1820, 2,693 ; n 1830, 7,861. Chief town, Vicksburg. WARREN, co. central part of Geo. Pop. 10,846. Chief town, Warrenton. WARRENBURG, t. Warren co. N.Y. on Scroon river, 7 m. NW. from Caldwell. WARRENBURG, t. Greene co. Ten. WARRENTON, t. and cap. Fauquier co. Va, 40 m. NNW. from Fredericksburg. It is a pleasant and handsome village, and contains a court-house, a jail, and 2 houses of public worship. WARRENTON, t. and cap. Warren co. tf. C. 16 m. E. by N. from Hillsborough, 56 NNE. from Raleigh, 84 S. from Petersburg, 230 from W. It has an elevated, pleasant, and bealthy situation, and contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting-house, and two academies, WARRENTON, t. Warren co. Mis. onE bank of the Mississippi, about 18 m. below Walnut Hills. WARRENTON, t Warren co. Geo. about 55 m. NNE. from Milledgeville. WARRICK, co. In. bounded by Ohio river S. Vanderburg and Posey W. Pike and Dubois N. and Spencer E. and SE. Length 30 m. width 13, area 410 sq. ms. It is drained by Big and Little Pigeon, and some other creeks. Chief town, Evansville. Lat. 38 5 N. ; Ion. from W. 10 10 W. WARSAW, t. Genesee co, N. Y. 20 m. S. from Batavia, 260 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,474. WARWICK, v. Cecil co. Md. 9 m. NE. from Georgetown. WAR WAS 429 WARWICK, t Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. ENE. from Greenfield, 80 WNW. from Bos- ton. Pop. 1,150. Glass is manufactured in this town. WARWICK, t Kent co. R. I. on west side of Providence river, 10 m. S. from Providence. Pop. 5,229. WARWICK, t Orange co. N. Y. 10 m. S. from Goshen, 54 NW. from New York. Pop. 5,013. The township is large, and contains 5 houses for public worship, and an academy, and has extensive iron works. WARWICK, co. E. part of Va. bounded N. by York co. E. by Elizabeth City co. SSW. by James river, and W. by James City co. Pop. 1,570. WARWICK, t. Chesterfield co. Va. on SW. side of James river, 5 m. below Richmond, 17 N. from Petersburg. The river is navigable to this place for vessels drawing 12 feet of water. WASHINGTON, co. E. side of Me. bound ed E. by New Brunswick, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by Hancock and Penobscot cos. Pop. 21,295. Chief towns, Machias and Eastport. WASHINGTON, co. Vt. in the central part of the state, bounded NE. by Orange and Cal edonia cos. E. by Caledonia co. SE. by Orange co. S. by Addison co. and W. by Chittenden co. Pop. 21,394. Chief town, Montpelier. WASHINGTON, t. Orange co. Vt. 20 m. SE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,374. WASHINGTON, t. Sullivan co. N. H. 35 W. from Concord. Pop. 1,135. WASHINGTON, Mount, the highest sum mit of the White Mountains, N. H. See White Mountains. WASHINGTON, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 8 m. E. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston. Pop. 701. WASHINGTON, co. R. I. bounded N. by Kent co. E. by Narraganset Bay, S. by the At lantic, and W. by Connecticut. Pop. 15,414. Chief town, South Kingston. WASHINGTON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 10 m. SW. from Litchfield, 25 N. by E. from Dan- bury, 32 NNW. from New Haven. Pop. 1,621. It is a considerable town, and contains exten sive iron-works, with slittling-mills, nail facto ries, and various other mills and machinery. There are in this town several quarries of ex cellent marble, and 2 mills constantly employ ed in sawing it. A mineral spring, iron ore, limestone, ochre, fuller s earth, and white clay, are found in this town, WASHINGTON, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Essex co. E. by Vermont, S. by Rensselaer co. and W. by Saratoga and Warren cos. Pop. 42,615. Chief towns, Sandy Hill and Salem. WASHINGTON, t. Dutchess co. N.Y. 15 m. ENE. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 3,036. Here is a respectable Quaker boarding-school. The buiMing is 3 stories high, and accommodates 100 .students. WASHINGTON, v. in Waterviiet, N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, nearly opposite Troy, 5 in. N. from Albany. Here is a large IL S. arsenal. WASHINGTON, t. Morris co. N. J. WASHINGTON, co. SW. part of Pa. bound- ed N. by Beaver co. NE. by Alleghany co. E. by Westmoreland and P ayette cos. S. by Greene co. and W. by Virginia. Pop. 42,784. Chief town, Washington. WASHINGTON, t. bor. and cap. Washing ton co. Pa. on the head branches of Chartier s creek, 25 m. SW. from Pittsburg, 25 WNW. from Brownsville, 32 ENE. from Wheeling. Pop. 1,816. It is a flourishing town, and con tains a court-house, a jail, 2 printing-offices, a college, and various public buildings and man ufacturing establishments. It is situated in a fertile, well cultivated, but broken country. Washington College, at this place, was founded in 1806. It has a large stone edifice of 3 sto ries, for the accommodation of students. The library and philosophical apparatus are valua ble. The officers are a president and 2 profes sors, one of languages and one of mathemati cal and natural philosophy. Commencement is on the last Thursday in September, after which there is a vacation till the first of No vember. The course of collegiate education is completed here in 3 years. WASHINGTON, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,037. WASHINGTON, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 5,181. WASHINGTON, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 1,125. WASHINGTON, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,919. WASHINGTON, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. on E. side of the Alleghany. Pop. 2,153. WASHINGTON, v. Lancaster co. Pa. on E. bank of the Susquehannah, 3 m. below Co lumbia. Pop. 607. WASHINGTON, co. SE. part of Ohio. Pop. 1,207. Chief town, Marietta. WASHINGTON, t. and cap. Fayette co. Ohio, 30 m. NW. from Chillicothe, 40 SW. from Columbus, 422 from W. Pop. 300. WASHINGTON, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the Great Miami, 4 m. N. from Troy. WASHINGTON, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 10 m. E. from Cambridge. WASHINGTON, t. Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop. 2,282. WASHINGTON, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 2,015, WASHINGTON, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 2,085. WASHINGTON, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 351. WASHINGTON, t Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,33 WASHINGTON, co. Va. bounded S. by N. Carolina, W. by Scott co. Va. NW. by Russell, N. by Tazewell, NE. by Wythe, and SE. by Grayson. Length 50 m. mean width 17. Pop. 15,614. Chief town, Abington. WASHINGTON, NW. co. of the District of Columbia, bounded SE. by the city of Wash ington and Georgetown, SW. by Potomac river, W. and N. by Maryland, and E. by East Branch, or Anacostia river. Surface hilly, and soil of middling quality. Pop. in 1820, 2,729 ; in 1830, 30,858. 430 WAS WAS WASHINGTON, t. Burlington oo. N. J. WASHINGTON, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 1,107. WASHINGTON CITY, capital of the United States, situated on the left bank of the Potomac, and the right bank of the Anacostia, in lat. 38 54 ; Ion. 0, being intended for a first meridian. The Tyber runs through the middle of the city, and may be conveyed to the high ground on which the Capitol stands ; and the water of the Tyber and the Reedy Branch may be conveyed to the Capitol and the President s House. The avenues, and such streets as lead immediately to public places, are from 130 to 160 feet wide, divided into foot-ways, and walks of trees, and carriage ways. The others are of various widths, from 70 to 110 feet : the avenues and streets of 100 WASHINGTON, AND ITS ENVIRONS. feet and upwards, have foot-ways of 20 feet wide ; those under 1QO and over 80, have foot ways 17 feet wide ; and under 80 feet, 12 feet foot-ways. The ground on which the city stands, was ceded by the state of Maryland to the U. States in full sovereignty, and the pro prietors of the soil surrendered their lands to be laid out as a city, gave up one-half to the U. S. and subjected other parts to be sold to raise money as a donation to be employed and consti- iute a fund for the public buildings. The build- rogs belonging to the U. States, are, 1. The Capitol : This is a magnificent structure of the C orinthian order. It is situated on the west ern extremity of Capitol Square, 73 feet above the tide-water of the Potomac. The eminence commands a fine view of the city, the river, and the surrounding country : (1 J m. W. is the President s House and other public edifices.) The Capitol is of white freestone, composed of a central edifice and two wings, and is of the following dimensions : Length of front 350 feet, depth of wings 121, east projection 65, west do. 83, height of wings to top of balustrade 70, do. to top of centre dome 120, length of Representa tives Hall 95, height do. 60, length of Senate Chamber 74, height do. 42, diameter of Ro tunda 90, height do. 90. The Representatives THE CAPITOL, AT WASHINGTON. f hamber is a magnificent semicircular apart ment, supported by bluish polished stone col umns, lighted from above. In the centre of the building is the Rotunda, 90 feet in diameter, and the same number of feet in height. It is ornamented with national paintings, represent ing the surrender at Saratoga and Yorktown, the Declaration of Independence, and Wash ington Resigning his Commission. Each of these paintings is 12 feet by 18. There are also relievos in marble representing Pocahon- tas rescuing Capt. Smith from death, the land ing of the pilgrims at Plymouth, one of Penn s treaties with the Indians, and a battle between WAS WAS 431 Boon and two Indians. This noble and mag nificent apartment is of white marble, and lighted from the dome. Men on the pediment seem dwindled to atoms, and the slightest noise creates echoes, which reverberate upon the ear with a grand and surprising effect. The foundation of the north wing was laid in the presence of Gen. Washington in 1798, and that of the centre in 1818, on the anniversary of its destruction by the British in 1814. The building covers nearly 2 acres, and the square in front contains 22 acres, compre hending a circumference of over f of a mile ; inclosed by an iron railing, with neat gate ways and gravel-walks, bordered with shrubs and flowers, forming a delightful promenade. Pennsylvania Avenue is the principal street in Washington, extending from the west front of the Capitol to the President s House. The cost of the Capitol was $2,596,500. 2. The PRESIDENT S HOUSE, AT WASHINGTON. President s House, built of freestone, 2 stories high, of the Ionic order, and distant from the Capitol about 1 m. 3. Four buildings, erect ed in a line E. and W. of the President s House, for the accommodation of the principal departments of government, and subordinate offices : the whole are of brick, 2 stories high, with freestone basements, and covered with slate ; the 2 new ones are handsome edifices, with freestone porticoes on the N. front, in the Ionic order. 4. The General Post-Office is a large brick edifice, nearly a mile north-west of the Capitol, in which are kept the offices of the post-office establishment, the General Land- Office, and the Patent Office, in which more than 2,000 patents are shown, among which are a great many useful and useless inventions. The Navy Yard is situated on the Eastern Branch, and has all the appurtenances for building ships of the largest size. The City Hall is 251 feet long by 50 in breadth. Con gress Library is now kept in the Capitol, and contains from 8 to 10,000 volumes. The Co lumbian College has an extent of 117 feet by 47, is situated on elevated ground, and is a lofty building, calculated to accommodate 100 students. There are a number of other public buildings, and 14 houses of public worship. There are also a City Library, Medical, Bo tanical, Clerks , Benevolent, Masonic, Orphan, Bible, Dorcas, Missionary, and Tract Socie ties, Columbian Institute, and other institu tions. Education is not overlooked, as is evinced by the numerous academies and schools which are established. Beside the Columbian College, adjoining the city, there is a large Catholic Theological Seminary in the city, connected with which is a school for the general education of youth. An extensive window-glass manufactory, which supplies the market, and exports to a considerable amount ; five very extensive taverns, with accommoda tions equal to any of a similar nature ; three banks, a branch of the U. S. bank, a fire in surance company, ten printing-offices, three daily, and several tri-weekly, semi-weekly, and weekly newspapers. The seat of government was removed here in the year 1800, during the presidency of John Adams. The city was incorporated by an act of congress, passed on the 3d of May, 1802, by which act, the ap pointment of the mayor was vested in the president yearly, and the two branches of the council, elected by the people, in a general ticket. In a supplementary act, passed May 4, 1812, the corporation was made to consist of a mayor, a board of aldermen, and a board of common council : the board of aldermen to consist of eight members, elected for two years, two to be residents of, and chosen from, each ward ; the board of common council to consist of twelve, three from each ward ; the mayor, by the joint ballot of the two boards, to serve for one year. By a new charter, granted by congress on the 15th May, 1820, it is provided that the mayor shall be elected by the people, to serve two years, from the second Monday in June ; the board of aldermen to consist of two members from each ward, elected for two years, and are, ex-officio, justices of the peace for the whole county. Population. Washing ton contained in 1810, 8,208 inhabitants; in 1820,13,247; in 1830, 18,827. WASHINGTON, v. Culpeper co. Va. WASHINGTON, co. central part of Ken tucky. Pop. 19,017. Chief town, Springfield. WASHINGTON, t and cap. Mason co. Ken. 3 m. SW. from Maysville, 60 NE. from Lexington, 482 from W. Pop. 868. It con tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and a printing-office. WASHINGTON, v. and seat of justice, Davies co. In. between the two main branches of White river, 20 m. SE, by E. from Vincen 432 WAS WAT nes, and 103 SSW. from Indianapolis. Lat. 38 40 N. WASHINGTON, co. II. bounded by Ran dolph S. St. Clair W. Madison and Bond N. and Jefferson E. It is 30 m. square. Kas- kaskias river passes obliquely through it. Chief town, Covington. Pop. in 1820, 1,517 ;. in 1830, 1,674. WASHINGTON, co. Miso. S. from Frank lin, and S W. from Jefferson and St. Genevieve. It lies on the heads of Big Black, Gasconade, Marameck, and St. Francis rivers. Pop. 6,797. Chief town, Potosi. WASHINGTON, co. central part of Geor gia. Pop. 9,820. Chief town, Sandersville. WASHINGTON, t. and cap. Wilkes co. Gco. on Kettle creek, a branch of Little river, 50 m. WNW. from Augusta, 58 N. by W. from Louisville. Lat. 32 12 N. It is a flourishing town, regularly laid out, handsome ly built, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, and a flourishing academy. A newspa per is published here. WASHINGTON, co. in E. end of East Tennessee. Pop. in 1820, 9,557 ; in 1830, 10,995. Chief town, Jonesborough. A semi nary, styled Washington College, has been established in this county, 8 m. SW. from Jonesborough. WASHINGTON, t. and cap. Rhea co. Ten. near the Tennessee, about 35 m. W. from Tel- lico, 75 SW. from Knoxville, 593 from W. WASHINGTON, t. Adams co. Mis. on St. Catherine s creek, 20 m. from its mouth, 6 E. from Natchez. It contains a court-house and jail, and was for 15 years the seat of govern ment for Mississippi. It has a healthy and pleasant situation in the most wealthy and populous part of the state. It has excellent water, and unites many advantages as a sum mer residence. St. Catherine s creek is navi gable for boats at high-water. Jefferson Col lege, in this town, was incorporated in 1802. A large edifice, 170 feet by 40, was erected for the accommodation of students. The institu tion has not as yet taken a higher rank than a respectable academy. WASHINGTON, co. In. bounded by Floyd SE. Harrison S. Orange and Lawrence W. White river or Jackson N. and Scott E. Length 24 m. width 20. Chief town, Salem Pop. in 1820, 9,039 ; in 1830, 13,072. WASHINGTON, co. Al. bounded by Mis sissippi W. Choctaw country N. Tombigbee river E. and Baldwin co. in Al. S. Length 50 m. 20 mean width. Surface moderately hilly, and soil, except in a few places near the streams, sterile, and covered generally with pine. Chief town, St. Stephens. Pop. 3,478. WASHINGTON, C. H. and t. on the small river Sinta Bogue, Washington co. Al. 12 m. NW. from Fort St. Stephens, and 75 N. from Mobile. WASHINGTON, v. and seat of justice, Autauga co. Al. on the right bank of Alabama river, at the mouth of Autauga creek, 23 m. above Cahawba. Lat. 32 24 N. WASHINGTON, parish of La. bounded by Mississippi N. Pearl river E. parish of St Tamany S. and Tangipao river or St. Hele na W. Length 45 m. mean width 22. Sur face moderately hilly, and soil generally ste rile, and covered with pine timber. Pop. in 1820, 2,517; in 1830, 2,286. Chief town, Franklin ton. WASHINGTON HOLLOW, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. on Wappinger s creek, 12 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie. WASSAW ISLAND, Great, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Georgia, 16 m. in circumference. Lat. 32 52* N. WASSAW ISLAND, Little, isl. in the At. lantic, near the coast of Georgia, SW. of Great Wassaw. WASSAW SOUND, bay on the coast of Georgia, between Great Wassaw Island and Tybee Island. WATAUGA, r. which rises in N. C. and runs into the Holston in Tennessee. WATCH POINT, cape on E. coast of R. Island. Lat. 41 13 N. WATERBOROUGH, t. York co. Me. 35 m. from New York, 110 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,816. WATERBURY, t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion river, 12 m. NW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,650. Waterbury river flows through this town into Onion river. WATERBURY, t New Haven co. Ct. 20 m. NNW. from New Haven, 325 from W Pop. 3,070. WATEREE, r. which rises in N. C. where it is called the Catawba. It passes into S. C. and unites with the Congaree, to form the Santee. WATERFORD, t. Oxford co. Me. 12 m. SW. from Paris. Pop. 1,123. WATERFORD, formerly Littleton, t. Cal edonia co. Vt. on the Connecticut, 14 m. E. from Danville, 40 E. Montpelier. Pop. 1,358. WATERFORD, t. New London eo. Ct. 4 m. NW. from New London. Pop. 2,475. WATERFORD, t. Saratoga co. N.Y. on the W. bank of the Hudson, 4 m. N. from Troy, 10 N. from Albany. It contains a bank, and 2 houses for public worship, is a flourish ing village, regularly laid out, and has an ex tensive trade. Pop. 1,473. WATERFORD, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 3,088. WATERFORD, t. MifHin co. Pa. It is situated on Tuscarora creek, in the SW. part of the county. WATERFORD, or Le Boauf, t. Erie co. Pa. on French creek, 15 m. SSE. from Erie. It is a flourishing town, contains an academy, and has considerable trade. Pop. 554. WATERFORD, t. Loudon eu Va. 42 m. from W. WATERFORD, t. Washington co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 22 m. above Marietta. WATERLOO, v. and seat of justice, Sene ca co. N. Y. on Seneca river at its falls, 5 m. NE. and below Geneva. It is a thriving Til lage, containing the county buildings, a news paper printing-office, and 1,837. inhabitants. Lat. 42. WATERLOO, t. Monroe co. II WAT WAY 433 WATERTOWN, t. Middlesex co. Mass.on Charles river, 7 m. W. by N. from Boston. Pop. 1,641. It is a pleasant town, and con- tains a paper-mill, and cotton and woollen manufactories, and a U. S. arsenal. WATERTOWN, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 12 m. SSE. from Litchfield. Pop. 1,500. WATERTOWN, t and cap. Jefferson co. N. Y. -at the mouth of Black river, 12 m. from Sacket s Harbor, 80 NW. from Utica, 412 m. from W. Pop. 4,768. It contains a court house, a jail, a paper-mill, and other valuable mills. It is a flourishing town, and a place of deposit for the military stores of N. Y. A weekly newspaper is published here. WATERVILLE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on W. side of the Kennebeck, opposite Winslow, 18 m. N. from Augusta, 185 NNE. from Bos ton. Pop. 2,216. It is a pleasant and flourish ing town ; the principal village is finely situa ted at the head of boat navigation, opposite Teconic Falls, which present a beautiful cas cade. It contains a bank, and has a considera ble trade, and is very favorably situated for ship-building. It is an excellent agricultural town, and is situated in a very fertile tract of country. WATERVILLE, flourishing village in San- gerfield,N.Y. WATERVILLE, v. Stamford, N. Y. WATERVLIET, t. Albany co. N.Y. on W. side of the Hudson, and on S. side of the Mohawk, 6 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 4,965. WATKINS POINT, cape on SW. coast of Md. in the Chesapeake. Lat. 37 59 N. WATKINSVILLE, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md. 37 m. from W. WATKINSVILLE, v. Centre co. Pa. WATKINSVILLE, t. and cap. Clarke co. Georgia, 7 m. S. from Athens, 90 WNW. from Augusta, 623 from W. It contains a court house and jail. WATTSBOROUGH, v. Lunenburg co. Va. WATTS ISLAND, small isl. on the Chesa peake. Lon. 76 3 W. ; lat. 37 54 N. WAUGHSBURGH, v. Stokes co. N.C. WAYNE, t Kennebeck co. Me. 20 m. W. from Augusta, 294 NNE. from Boston, 650 fromW. Pop. 1,153. WAYNE, t. Steuben co. N.Y. 15 m. E. from Bath. WAYNE, co. NE. corner of Pa. bounded N. by N. Y., E. by the Delaware, which sepa rates it from New Jersey, S. by Northampton co. and W. by Luzerne and Susquehannah cos. Pop. in 1820, 4,127; in 1830, 7,663. Chief town, Bethany. WAYNE, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 250. WAYNE, co. in the interior part of Ohio. Chief town, Wooster. Pop. 23,344. WAYNE, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,060. WAYNE, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 1,893. WAYNE, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 1,046. WAYNE, t. Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop. 911. WAYNE, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 959. WAYNE, t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 1,157. 3E WAYNE, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 1,072. WAYNE, co. on E. side of the Indiana r. Chief towns, Salisbury and Centreville. Pop 2,562. WAYNE, co. central part of N. C. Pop. 10,902. Chief town, Waynesborough, WAYNE, co. S. side of Kentucky. Pop, 8,731. Chief town, Monticello, WAYNE, t. Wayne co, Ken. WAYNE, t. Wayne co. Ten. WAYNE, co. Ten. bounded by Lauderdale co. in Al. S. Hardin co. Ten. W. Perry N. and Lawrence E. Length 24 m. width 21. Chief town, Waynesborough, Pop. in 1820, 9,459 ; in 1830, 6,013. WAYNE, co. Mis. bounded by Al. E. Greene co. in Mis. S. Covington W. and the Choctaw country N. Length 32 m. width 30, It is drained by the Chickasawhay, and other branches of Pascagoula river. Chief town, Winchester. Pop. in 1820, 3,323; in 1830, 2,778. WAYNE, co. Geo. bounded by Glynn SE, Camden and Appling S. Appling and Tatnall W. and Altamaha NE. Length 40 m. mean width 25. Pop, 962. Chief town, Waynes- ville. WAYNE, co. II. bounded by Johnson and Union S. Jackson and Randolph W, Jefferson N. and White and Gallatin E. Length 36 m, width 24. Pop. in 1820, 111 ; in 1830, 2,562, WAYNE, co. Miso. W. from Washington and Franklin, and on the sources of Gascon* ade river. Pop. in 1820, 1,443; in 1830, 3,254, WAYNE, co. Mich, bounded by Detroit river and St. Clair lake SE. M Comb co. NE, Oakland NW. and Monroe SW. and S. It is principally drained by the Riviere Rouge, Chief town, Detroit. Pop. in 1820, 3,574 ; in 1830, 4,565. WAYNESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Greene co. Pa. 22 m. S. from Washington, 51 SSW, from Pittsburg. Pop. 1,130, WAYNESBOROUGH, t. Augusta co. Va, 12 m. ESE. from Staunton. It is a pleasant and thriving town. WAYNESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Wayne co. N. C. on the Neuse, 50 m, SE, from Ra leigh, 337 from W. WAYNESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Burke co. Geo. 24 m. ENE. from Louisville, 28 SSW, from Augusta, about 100 NW. from Savan nah, 689 from W. It is situated on Brief Creek, about 14 in. from the Savannah, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists, and 50 dwelling-houses, WAYNESBURG, t. Franklin co. Pa. situ ated 9 m. E. of Greencastle, SE. part of the co, WAYNESVILLE, v. Warren co. Ohio, on the Little Miami, 40 m. NE. from Cincinnati/ It is inhabited chiefly by Friends, who have a large brick meeting-house, 80 feet by 40. Pop* 439. WAYNESVILLE, t. Lycoming co, Pa. on W. branch of the Susquehannah, 2 m. below Pine Creek, 434 WAY WES WAYNESVILLE, v. Haywood co. N. C. WEARE, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 15 m. NN W. from Amherst, 55 W. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,430. It is a large and valuable agri cultural town, and contains 3 houses of public worship, and a cotton manufactory, WEATMERSFIELD, t. Windsor co. Vt. on W. bank of Connecticut river, opposite Claremont, 9 m. S. by W. from Windsor. Pop. 2^213. It is a considerable town. WEATHERSFIELD. See Wethersfteld. WEATHERSFIELD, t. Trumbull co.Ohio, on the Mahoning. It contains a forge and furnace, where bar-iron and hollow-ware are made to considerable extent. Pop. 1,066. WEBHAMET, r. Me. runs into the Atlan tic, in Wells. WEEBOTUCK, r. branch of the Housa- tonnuc. It rises in NE. part of N. Y. and joins the Housatonnuc in Connecticut. WELBY, v. Prince George co. Md. 8 m. from W. WELD, t. Oxford co. Me. Pop. 766. WELLFLEET, t. and s-p. Barnstable co. Mass, on a bay of the same name, 31 m. ENE. from Barnstable, 97 SE. from Boston, Pop. 2,044. WELLINGTON, t. Bristol co. Mass, on W. side of Taunton river, 2 m, N. from Digh- ton, 3 S. from Taunton, 35 S. from Boston. It contains a paper-mill, and several woollen and cotton manufactories. WELLS, t York co. Me. 12 m. NNE. from York, 30 SW. from Portland, 88 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,977. It is separated from Arundel by the river Kennebunk, at the mouth of which is the village and seaport of Kenne bunk. WELLS, t. Hamilton co. N. Y. Pop. 340. WELLS, v. Beaufort co. S. C. WELLS, t. Rutland co. Vt. 50 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 880. WELLS, v. Beaufort district, S.C. WELLS, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 40 m. N. from Johnstown. WELLS, r. Vt. rises in Groton, and runs into the Connecticut, N. of Newbury. WELLSBOROUGH, v. and seat of justice, Tioga co. Pa. on the height of land between the sources of Pine creek and the W. Branch of Susquehannah, about 50 m. a little W. of N. from Williamsport. WELLSBURG, t. and seat of justice, Brooke co. Va. on the bank of Ohio river, above the mouth of Buffalo creek, 15 m. above Wheel ing, and 280 from W. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants, and some manufactories. WELLS CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the Ohio river. WELLS FALLS, cataract in the river Del- aware, 13 m. NW. from Trenton. WELLS PASSAGE, inlet on the NW. coast of America, branching off from Brough- ton s archipelago.. WELLS RIVER, v. Orange co. Vt. 48 m. NE. from Montpelier. WELLSVILLE, v. Columbiana co. Ohio, 1 71 m. NE. from Columbus. WENDELL, formerly Saville, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 22 m. NE. from Charleston, and 1 38 WNW. from Concord. WENDELL, t. Franklin co. Mass. 13 m. E, from Greenfield, and 80 W. from Boston. WENDOVER, t. Buckingham co. L.C. on the St. Francis, 25 m. S. from Three Rivers. WENDHAM, t. Essex co. Mass. 6 m. N, from Salem, 21 NE. from Boston. Pop. 612. WENLOCK, t. Essex co. Vt. 65 m. NE, from Montpelier. WENTWORTH, t. Grafton eo. N. H. 15 m. NW. from Plymouth, 58 NNW. from Concord, Pop. 924. WENTWORTH, t. York co.L,C. 43 m, W. from Montreal. WENTWORTH, v. Rockingham co.N.C. 10 m. E. from Danbury, and 126 m. NW. frorrr Raleigh. WENTWORTH MOUNTAINS, range in N. H. extending from Bethlehem on the Con necticut to the White Mountains. Height about 3,000 feet. WESLEY, western t. Washington co. Ohio, Pop. 495. WEST, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,491.. WEST ALEXANDRIA, small v. on the U. S. road, Washington co. Pa. 16m. W. from Washington, and 14 a little N. of E. from Wheeling. WEST ALMOND, v. Alleghany co. N.Y. WEST BARNSTABLE, v. Barnstable co. Mass. 68 m. SSE, from Boston. WEST BAY, bay at W. extremity of Lake Superior. Lon. 91 45 W. ; lat. 46 45 N. WEST BECKET, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 m. W. from Northampton, and 153 W. from Boston. WEST BEDFORD, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 84 m. NE. from Columbus. WEST BLOOMFIELD, v. Ontario co. N.Y, 12 m. W. from Canandaigua. WESTBOROUGH, t Worcester co. Mass, 13 m. E. from Worcester. Pop. 1,438. WEST BOYLESTON, t. on Nashau river, Worcester co. Mass. 49 m. W. from Boston, Pop. 1,053. WEST BRADFORD, t. Essex co. Mass. 29 m. N. from Boston. WEST BREWSTER, t Barnstable co, Mass. 20 m. SE. from Plymouth, and 60 from Boston. WEST BRIDGEWATER, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 34 m. S. from Boston. WEST BROOK, v. Middlesex co. Ct. 43 m. SSE. from Hartford. WEST BROOK, v. Bladen co. N.C. 135 m, S. from Raleigh. WEST BROOKFIELD, t Worcester co. Mass, between the two main branches of Chic- apee river, 68 m. W. from Boston. WESTBURY, t Buckingham co. L.C. 80 m. SSE. from Three Rivers. WEST CARLISLE, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 87 m. NE. from Columbus. WEST-CASTLE, v. Caswell co. N.C. WEST CAYUGA, small v. Seneca co. N. Y, on the W. side of Cayuga Lake, connected with East Cayuga by a bridge 316 rods long. WEST-CHESTER, co. SE. corner N.Y WES WES 435 teunded N. by Putnam co. E. by Connecticut, SE. and S. by Long Island Sound, and W. by New York Island and the Hudson. Pop. in 1820, 32,638; in 1830, 36,456. Chief town, Bedford. WEST-CHESTER, v. Middlesex co. Ct. 6 m. from Middle Haddam. WEST-CHESTER, t Westchester co. N. Y. on East River, 12 m. NE. from New York. Pop 2,362. It is watered by the Westchester creek and Bronx creek, and has manufactures of paper, snuff, paint, &c. Marble is found here. WEST-CHESTER, bor. and cap. Chester co. Pa. 24 m. W. from Philadelphia, 115 from W. This is a very flourishing town, and has had a very rapid increase within the last few years. The population in 1820, was 552 ; in 1830, 1,252 ; and in 1831, estimated at 1,500. It is handsomely laid out in four squares, with streets intersecting in the centre, which are neatly Macadamized, It has 4 houses for pub lic worship ; one is a Roman Catholic Chapel, one for Methodists, and two for Friends. The public buildings are a court-house and jail, with the clerks offices, academy, and market- house. Here are also a bank, a public library, athenaeum, cabinet of natural science, and an excellent boarding-school for girls, all of which are in a flourishing condition. There are published in this place 5 weekly, and one semi monthly newspaper. A rail-road from this place communicates with the Columbia rail road. WEST-CHESTER, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 52. WEST-CREEK, r. N.J. which runs into the Delaware Bay. Lon. 74 57 W. ; lat. 39 14 N. WESTERLO, t. Albany co. N.Y. Pop. 3,220. WESTERLY, v. Merrimack co. N.H. WESTERLY, t. Washington co. R. I. on foe E. side of Pawcatuck river, opposite to ftonington, in Con. 13 m. W. of Charleston, 34 from Newport, and 20 E. of New London. Pop. 1,903. In Packatuck village, in this t. are two banks, two academies, and a woollen cloth factory. WESTERN, t. Worcester co. Mass. 22 m. SW. from Worcester. Pop. 1,189. WESTERN, t Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mo hawk, 5 m. above Rome. Pop. 2,419. WESTERNPORT, or Westport, v. Alle- ghany co. Md. on the left bank of Potomac r. between George s creek and Savage river, 20 m. by land above Cumberland. WESTERN STAR, v. Medina co. Ohio, 168 m. NE. from Columbus. WEST FAIRLEE, t. Orange co. Vt. 36 m. SE. from Montpelier. Pop. 841. WEST FARMS, v. Westchester co. N. Y. on Bronx r. 10 m. NE. from New York. WESTFIELD, t. King s co. New Bruns wick, on Kennebecasis Bay. WESTFIELD, t. Orleans co. Vt. 52 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 353. WESTFIELD, t Richmond co. N.Y. on Staten Island, 3 J SW. Richmond. Pop. 1,734. WESTFIELD, r. Mass, rise* in Berkshire co. and runs through Middlefield, Westfield, and West Springfield, -wlrere it flows into the Connecticut. WESTFIELD, t. Hampden co. Mass. 7 m. W. from Springfield, 93 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 2,941. This is a pleasant and excellent agricultural town, and has a handsome village, containing a Congregational meeting-house, a respectable and flourishing academy, and som manufactures. WESTFIELD, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 358 m. SW. by W. from Albany. WESTFIELD, t. Essex co. N.J. 8 m. W. from Elizabethtown. Pop. 2,492. WESTFIELD, one of the S. towns of Me- dina co. Ohio. Pop. 577. WESTFIELD, v. Delaware co. Ohio, 37 m. N. from Columbus. WESTFORD, t Middlesex co. Mass, on the E. side of Stony river, 28 m. NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,329. WESTFORD, t. on Brown s river, in the northern part of Chittenden co. Vt. 35 m. NW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,290. WESTFORD, t. Otsego co. N.Y. 10 m. SE. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,645. WEST FRIENDSHIP, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md. 50 m. from Annapolis, and 58 from W. WEST GREENWICH, SW. t. Kent co. R. I. 18 m. SW. from Providence. Pop. 1,817. WESTHAM, t. Henrico co. Va. on tho N. side of James river, 6 m. above Richmond. WESTHAMPTON, t. Hampshire eo. Masa 10 m. W. from Northampton. Pop. 907. WEST HAMPTON, v. on the S. side of Long Island, Suffolk co. N. Y. 80 m. a little N. of E. from New York. WEST HANOVER, t. on Swatara river, Dauphin co. Pa. 15m. NE. by E. from Harris- burg, and 15 W. from Lebanon. WEST HARBOR, bay on the S. coast of Jamaica, formed by a peninsula, called Port land Ridge. Lon. 77 W. ; lat. 17 3 48 N. WEST HARTFORD, t. Hartford co. Ct. 5 m. from Hartford. WEST HARTLAND, v. in the NW. part of Hartford co. Ct. 25 m. NW. from Hartford. WEST HAVEN, t. Rutland co. Vt 50 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 724. WEST HEBRON, t between Moses Kill and Fort Edward, Washington co. N. Y. 48 m. W. from Albany. WEST HILL, v. Suffolk co. N.Y. WEST INDIES. See Indies, West. WEST ISLES, t. Charlotte co. New Bruns wick, on the coast, including Campo Bello, Grand Menan, and other islands. WESTLAND, v. Mecklenburg co. Va 137 m. SW. from Richmond. WESTLAND, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 802. WEST LIBERTY, v. on the head of Short creek, Ohio co. Va. 14 m. NE. from Wheeling, and 20 W. from Washington in Pa. WEST LIBERTY, v. Henry co. In. 40 m. NE. by E. from Indianapolis. WEST LIBERTY, v. Morgan co. Ken. 75 m. SE. by E. from Frankfort. 436 WES WES WEST LIBERTY, v. Logan co. Ohio. WEST LOWVILLE, v. Lewis co. N.Y. 30 m. NE. from Sacket s Harbor, and 55 NNW. from Utica. WEST MARTINSBURG, t. Lewis co. N. Y. 35 m. NE. from Sacket s Harbor, and 50 NNW. from Utica. WEST MENDON, t. Monroe co. N. Y. 12 m. S. from Rochester. WEST MEREDITH, t on Olean creek, Delaware co. N. Y. 30 m. S. from Cooperstown, and 104 SW. by W. from Albany. WEST MIDDLEBURG, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 35 m. W. from Albany. WEST MIDDLETOWN, v, Washington co. Pa. 20 m. NNW. from Washington, and 35 a little S. of W. from Pittsburg. WEST MINOT, t in the north-west angle of Cumberland co. Me. 46 m. N. from Port land. WESTMINSTER, t. Middlesex co. U. C. WESTMINSTER, t. Windham co. Vt. on the Connecticut, opposite Walpole, with which it is connected by a bridge ; 28 m. S. from Montpelier, 445 from W. Pop. 1,737. It is a pleasant and considerable town. WESTMINSTER, t. Worcester co, Mass. 21 m, NNW, from Worcester, 54 WNW, from Boston. Pop, 1,695. WESTMINSTER, t, Frederick co. Md. 30 m, NW. from Baltimore, 66 from W. It con tains a bank and a printing-office, WESTMORE, t. Orleans co. Vt. 53 m. NE, from Montpelier, Pop. 32. WESTMORELAND, co. New Brunswick, bordering on Nova Scotia and the Gulf of St, Lawrence. WESTMORELAND, t, Cheshire co. N. H. on the Connecticut, 9 m. W. from Keene, 65 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 1,647, It is a considerable agricultural town, and contains meeting-houses for Baptists and Congregation- alists. WESTMORELAND, t, Oneida co. N. Y. 10 m, W. from Utica, Pop, 3,303. WESTMORELAND, co. south-west part of Pa. bounded NE, by Armstrong and Indiana cos. ESE, by Cambria and Somerset cos. S. by Fayette co, and W. by Washington and Alle- ghany cos. Pop. in 1820, 30,540; in 1830, 38,400. Chief town, Greensburg. WESTMORELAND, co. NE, part of Va. bounded N. and NE. by the Potomac, E. by Northumberland co. S. by Richmond co. and the Rappahannock, and W. by King George co. Pop. 8,411. WEST NEWBURY, t. Essex co. Mass. Pop. 1,586, WESTON, t. Windsor co. Vt. 30 m. WSW. from Windsor. Pop. 972. WESTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 15 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 1,091. WESTON, t, Fairfield co. Ct. 9 m. N. from Fairfield. Pop. 2,997. Here is an academy. WEST POINT, t. Orange co. N. Y. on the west bank of the Hudson, 58 m. above New York. The United States Military Academy at this place was established by Congress in 1802, for the instruction of young men des tined for the army. The number of cadets it* limited to 250, and in choosing among the ap plicants, the sons of revolutionary officers are allowed the first claim, and the children of the deceased officers of the last war, the second. The age of the pupils on admission must be between 14 and 22. The professors and in structors are 30 in number ; each of the cadets costs the government 336 dollars annually. They are required to encamp 6 or 8 weeks during the year. The course of study is com pleted in 4 years, and includes French, draw ing, natural and experimental philosophy, chem istry, mineralogy, geography, history, ethics, national law, mathematics, and the whole sci. ence of strategy, tactics, artillery, and engineer ing. The annual expense of the institution is 115,000 dollars. There are 5 large stone build ings, and 6 of brick. The site they occupy is very beautiful and commanding, being a level 188 feet above the river. Close to the shore stands a white marble monument, bearing the name of Kosciusko. In another part is an obelisk to the memory of Col. Wood, one of the pupils, who fell at Fort Erie. WESTPORT, t. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass, on Buzzard s Bay, 24 m. S. from Taunton, 60 S. from Boston. Pop. 2,773. It is a consider able town, and has some trade. WESTPORT, v. Essex co. N.Y. WESTPORT, t. Henry co. Ken. on the Ohio, 17 m. above Louisville. It contained, in 1818, about 50 houses, and is watered by Little Kentucky river, which affords seats for mills. WEST QUODDY HEAD, in Lubec, Me, the SW. point of the entrance into Passama- quoddy Bay. Here is a light-house. WESTRAYVILLE, v. Nash co. N. C. WEST RIVER, r. Me. runs into Machia. Bay, Ion. 67 19 W.; lat. 44 45 N. WEST RIVER, r. Vt. runs into the Con necticut, 10 m. from the S. boundary of the state. WEST RIVER, v. Ontario co. N. Y. WEST RIVER, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md. WEST RIVER, r. Md. runs into the Chea- apeake, Ion. 76 42 W. ; lat. 38 54 N. WEST RIVER, r. Va, runs into Black Bay, Ion. 76 17 W. ; lat, 36 30 N, WEST RIVER MOUNTAIN, mt. N.H, in Chesterfield and Hinsdale, near the Connec ticut, opposite the mouth of West river. It has discovered volcanic appearances. Considera ble search has been made in this mountain for valuable ores, but without success. WEST-SPRINGFIELD, t. Hampden co. Mass, on the west side of the Connecticut river, opposite Springfield, Pop. 3,272. WEST-STOCKBRIDGE, t. Berkghire co. Mass. 10 m. SW. from Lenox. Pop. 1,208. WEST TOWN, t. Delaware co. Pa. 4 m. ESE, from Westchester, 19 W. by S. from Philadelphia. Here is a large and respectable Friends boarding-school, containing 150 pu pils. The building is of brick, 140 feet by 50. of 3 stories, and is finely situated. WEST TOWN, v. Orange co. N. Y. WEST UNION, t. and cap. Adams ca. Ohio, 52 SW. from Chillicothe, 470 from W WES WH1 437 It contains the county buildings, a bank, and a printing-office. Pop. 429. WESTVILLE, v. Simpson co. Mis. WESTVILLE, v. in Berkshire, N. Y. 14 m. N. from Owego. WESTWARD MILLS, v. Brunswick co. Virginia. WETARHOO, r. La. runs into the Missou ri, 1422 m. from the Mississippi. WETATIC, mt. Ashburnham, Mass. The elevation of the summit of this mountain above the level of the sea, was found by barometrical measurement, in 1817, to be 1,900 feet. WETHERSFIELD, t. Hartford co. Ct. on west bank of the Connecticut, 4 m. S. from Hartford. Pop. 3,862. It contains 3 parishes, in each of which is a Congregational meeting, house ; it has also a Baptist meeting-house, and an academy. It is a very pleasant and hand some town, situated in a fertile tract of country, and is famous for raising great quantities of onions. WETHERSFIELD. See Weathersfield. WEYBRIDGE, t. Addison co. Vt. Pop. 850. WEYMOUTH, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 10 m. SE. from Boston, noted for the manufacture of excellent cheese. Pop. 2,839. WEYMOUTH, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 1,270. WEYMOUTH FURNACE, v. Gloucester CO.N.J. WHALE BANK, fishing-bank on the coast of Newfoundland, 60 miles long, and 21 wide; 90 miles S. from Cape Mary. Lon 53 50 W ; ht. 45 N. WHALE ISLAND, small isl. in the North Sea. Lon. 134 W.; lat. 69 14 N. WHARTON, v. St. Tamany s parish, La. WHARTONVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. WHATELEY, t. Franklin co. Mass, on the W. side of Connecticut river, 10 miles above Northampton. Pop. 1,111. WHATLEY S MILLS, v. Morgan co. Geo. WHEATLAND, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. 2,239. WHEAT PLAINS, v. Pike co. Pa. WHEELER, t-Steuben co.N. Y. Pop. 1,389. WHEELER S SPRINGS, Charlotte co. Va. 109 m. SW. from Richmond. WHEELING, r. Va. runs into the Ohio at Wheeling. WHEELING, t. and cap. Ohio co. Va. on Ohio river, at the mouth of Wheeling creek, 140 m. W. by N. from Cumberland, 57 m. SW. from Pittsburg, by the road ; 95 by the river. It stands on a high bank, and the build ings are chiefly on one street, running parallel with the river. The town contains a court house, jail, church, nail factory, and 5,221 in habitants. The great road from Wheeling to Cumberland, on the Potomac, was constructed by the U.S. at an expense of $1,800,000. This road completes the communication between Baltimore and the navigable western waters, and will doubtless .cause Wheeling to rise rap idly in population and commercial importance WHEELING, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 4 m. N from St. Clairsville. Pop. 1,669. WHEELING, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, on Wills creek, 6 m. N. from Cambridge. POD. 277. WHEELING, or Indian Wheeling, r. Ohio, runs into the Ohio, nearly opposite the town of Wheeling. WHEELOCK, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 30 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 834. WHETSTONE, r. Ohio, runs into the 3cioto, at Columbus. WHITE, co. of Ten. bounded by Bledsoe SE Warren W. or Caney Fork river SW. Smith NW. Jackson N. and Overton NE. Length 40 m. mean width 19. It is drained by the eastern branches of Caney Fork river. Chief town, Sparta. Pop. in 1820, 8,701 ; in 1830, 9,962. WHITE, co. of II. bounded by Wabash river E. Gallatin co. S. Franklin and Jefferson W. and Wayne and Edwards N. Length 42 m. width 20, area 800 sq. ms. It is chiefly drained by Little Wabash river. Chief town, Carmi. Pop. in 1820, 4,828 ; in 1830, 6,091. WHITE BAY, bay on the E. coast of New foundland. Lon. 56 25 W. ; lat. 50 10 N. WHITE BEAR LAKE, lake, N. America, one of the most northerly of those lakes which supply the Mississippi. It is about 60 m. in circumference. Lon. 95 30 7 W. ; lat. 46 50 N. WHITE BLUFF, settlement, Chatham co. Geo. 10 m. S. from Savannah. WHITE CAVE, cave, Ken. a mile from Mammoth Cave. It contains many splendid and beautiful petrifactions. WHITE CHIMNEYS, v. Caroline co. Va. 30 m. NNE. from Richmond. WHITE CLAY CREEK, rises in Chester co. Pa. flows SE. into Newcastle co. Del. and joins Red Clay creek near their joint influx into the Christiana. WHITE CREEK, t. Washington co. N. Y. It is the seat of an academy, 36 m. NE. from Albany. Pop. 2,448. WHITE DAY, t. Monongahela co. Va. 320 m. NW. from Richmond. WHITE DEER, v. Ly coming co. Pa. 10 SSE. from Williamsport, and 84 m. N. from Harrisburg. WHITE-EARTH, r. N. America, empties into the Missouri, 1,840 m. from the Missis sippi. WI HITEFACE, mt. N. H., N. of Sandwich mountain. WHITEFACE, mt. in Jay, N. Y. It com- mands a very extensive prospect. Montreal 80 m. distant, may be seen from its summit. Its height is estimated at 2,600 feet. WHITEFIELD, t. Lincoln co. Me. on both sides of Sheepscot river, 15 m. N. from Wis- casset. Pop. 2,020. WHITEFIELD, t. Coos co. N. H. 4 m. from Connecticut river, 120 m. N. from Con cord. Pop. 685. WHITE FISH POINT, peninsula, Michi gan territory, extending into Lake Superior, 33 m. W. St. Mary s river. WHITEHALL, t. Washington co. N. Y. It stands at the mouth of a creek flowing into the S. end of Lake Champlain, The northern 438 WHI~ WHI canal from the Hudson here passes into the lake. Sloops, steam-boats, and other lake craft come up to the town, and the trade of the place is very active. A steam-boat plies regularly between Whitehall and St. Johns, L. C. 70 m. N, from Albany, 170 NVV. from Boston. Pop. 2,888. WHITEHALL, v. Columbia co. Pa. 2 m. N from Danville, and 81 m. a little E. of N. from Harrisburg. WHITE HALL, v. Frederick co. Va. 92 m. westerly from W. WHITE HALL, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 163 m. SW. from Raleigh. WHITE HALL, v. Abbeville district, S.C. 100 m. W. from Columbia. WHITE HAVEN, v. Somerset co. Md. WHITEHEAD, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 67 40 W. ; lat. 44 43 N. WHITE HOUSE, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 9 m. NW. by W. from Summerville, and 39 m. N. from Trenton. WHITE LAKE, v. on the Newburgh turn pike road, Sullivan co. N. Y. 50 m. NW. by W. from Newburgh, and 122 m. NW. from Al bany. WHITELEY, co. Ken. bounded by Ten. S. Wayne co. Ken. W. Rockcastle river NW. Knox NE. and Harlan E. Length 40 m. mean width 14. Cumberland river traverses it from SE. to NW. Chief town, Williamsburg. Pop. in 1820, 2,340 ; in 1830, 3,807. WHITELEY, C. H. and v. Whiteley co. Ken. 78 m. SSE. from Hartford, 557 from W. WHITELEYSBURG, v. Kent co Del. 22 m. SE. from Dover. WH1TEMARSH, v. Montgomery co. Pa. about 12 m. N. from Philadelphia. The White- marsh has long been noted for its elegant and variegated marble. WHITE MOUNTAINS, or White Hills, range of mountains, N. H. 18 or 20 m. long and 8 or 10 broad. The base of the mountains is about 25 SE. from Lancaster, and Mount Washington, the highest summit, is 70 m. in a right line N. from Concord, 82 N. by W. from Portsmouth. Lon. 71 20 W.; lat. 44 15 N. In the western pass of these moun tains there is a remarkable gap, called the Notch. These mountains are covered with snow 9 or 10 months in the year, and derive their name from their white appearance. They are seen many miles off at sea, and a person, when on their summit, has a distinct view of the Atlantic Ocean, the nearest part of which is 65 m. distant in a direct line. The limit of forest-trees is at the height of 4,428 feet. The view from the summit of Mount Washington is wonderfully grand and picturesque. Innu merable mountains, lakes, ponds, rivers, towns, and villages meet the delighted eye, and the dim Atlantic stretches its waters along the eastern horizon. To the N. is seen the lofty summits of Adams and Jefferson, and to the E. a little detached from the range stands Mount Madison. Mount Washington is sup ported on the N. by a high ridge which ex- lend* to Mount Jefferson ; on the NE. by a large grassy plain, terminating in a vast spur extending far away in that direction ; E. by a promontory of no great extent, but which breaks off abruptly ; S. and SE. by a grassy plain, in summer, of more than 40 acres. The more elevated parts of these mountains are occasionally subject to slides of earth, which sweep suddenly down their sides, and occasion great damage. A serious calamity of this kind occurred at the Notch in August, 1826, to a family of the name of Willey, who occupied a dwelling in the narrowest part of the defile many miles from any other human habitation. At midnight, during a furious storm of rain, the mountain broke loose above them, and poured down in a torrent of earth, rocks, and trees. The family, aroused by the noise, im mediately fled from the house, but were over taken by the rushing mass, and swept to de struction. The roads and bridges along the valley were destroyed, the streams choked up, and heaps of earth, rocks, and trees, exhibited a frightful picture of desolation. The following table exhibits the elevation of the several peaks, according to the measure ment of capt. A. Partridge. Feet above Feet above the sea. the base. Mount Washington . . . .6,234 4,464 2d peak 5,328 3,554 3d peak 5,058 3,288 4th peak 4,866 3,096 5th peak.... 4,711 2,941 6th peak 4,356 2,586 Base of the mountains,. .1,770 WHITE OAK, v. Rutherford co. N. C. 524 m. from W. WHITE OAK CREEK, r. N. C. runs into the Atlantic. Lon. 77 26 W. ; lat. 34 39 N. WHITE OAK MOUNTAINS, in W. part of N. C. Lon. 82 30 W. ; lat. 36 10 N. WHITE OAK SPRING, v. Gibson co. In WHITE PLAINS, v. Orange co. Va. WHITE PLAINS, v. Granville co. N. C. WHITE PLAINS, v. White co. Ten. WHITE PLAINS, v. Westchester co. N. Y. 15 m. N. of Kingsbridge, and 30 of the city of New York. Pop. 759. WHITE PLAINS, v Jackson co. Ten. 56 m. NE. from Murfreesborough. WHITE POST, v. Frederick co. Va. 10 m. SSE. from Winchester, and 78 a little N. of W. from W. WHITE RIVER, v. Lawrence co. Arkan sas, 125 m. from Little Rock. WHITE RIVER, r. In. is the great south eastern branch of the Wabash. It is formed by two branches, both rising about lat. 40 N. and Ion. from W. 8 W. and near the western boundary of the state of Ohio. Flowing by a general course SW. about 70 miles, the two branches unite, and continuing below their junction 30 miles, join the Wabash, between Knox and Gibson cos. at lat. 30 27 N. WHITE RIVER, r. of Ark. and Mis. rises in the southern part of the latter, and northern part of the former, by 2 large branches, White river proper, or NW. branch, and Black river, or NE. branch. Both these rivers are naviga- WHI W1L 439 We in seasons of high water, far above their junction. They unite in Arkansas, lat. 35 30 N, and the stream flows thence nearly a S. course about 120 m. S. and falls into Mississippi river 30 m. above the mouth of Arkansas. White river is at all seasons navigable below the mouth of Black river. The length of this stream, following either branch, is about 350 miles. WHITE RIVER, v. Lawrence co. Mis. WHITE RIVER, r. Vt. rises in Kingston, and runs into the Connecticut, at Hartford. Length 50 miles. WHITE RIVER, t. Knox co. In. WHITE RIVER, r. La. runs into the Mis- eouri, 1130 m. from the Mississippi. WHITE RIVER, r. N. America, runs into Lake Michigan, Ion. 85 35 W.; lat. 43 40 N. WHITE ROCK, v. Charlotte co. Va. WHITE ROCK, v. Halifax co. Va. WHITESBOROUGH, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 4 m. NW. from Utica. It is principally built on a single street, 1$ m. long, and contains a handsome court-house, a jail, academy, and 2 churches, 1 for Baptists and 1 for Presbyteri ans. Many of the dwelling-houses are elegant. WHITE S CREEK, v. Rhea co. Ten. WHITESTOWN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, comprising the villages of Whites- borough and New Hartford. Pop. 4,410. WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, v. Green- brier co. Va. WHITESVILLE, t and cap. Columbus co. N.C. WHITEWATER, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,734. WHITE WATER, r. rises in In. and re ceiving numerous tributaries, runs into the Miami, in Ohio, 5 m. above the junction of that river with the Ohio, 20 m. below Brookville. It is a beautiful, transparent stream. It has a rapid current, not easily navigable, but is well adapted to mills, and many are now erected. WHITE WOMAN S RIVER, r. Ohio, is formed by the union of Mohiccan and Owl creeks, and flows into the Muskingum, at Co- shocton. WHITING, t. Addison co. Vt on Otter creek, 50 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 653. WHITINGHAM, t Windham co. Vt. 52 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,477. WHITTEDSVILLE,v. Buncombe co. N.C. WICKFORD, v. in North Kingston, R. I. on Narraganset Bay, 9 m. NW. from Newport. It is pleasantly situated, and contains about 100 dwelling-houses, a bank, an academy, with a building of 60 feet by 30, and about 60 stu dents ; 3 churches, 1 each for Baptists, Episco palians, and Quakers. WICOMICO, r. Md. rises in Delaware, and falls into the Chesapeake, S. of the Nanticoke. WICOMICO CHURCH, v. Northumber land co. Va. WICONISCO, creek, Dauphin- co. Pa. runs into the Susquehannah on the E. side, 14 m above the Juniatta, WICONISCO MOUNTAIN, Dauphin to. Pa. S. of Wiconisco creek. WIGHCOMICO, short navigable river, Md. flows into the Potomac, 35 m. from its mouth. WILBRAHAM, t. Hampden co. Muss. 10 m. SE. from Springfield, 77 WSW. from Bos. ton. Pop. 2,035. WILCOX, co. Al. bounded N. by Dallas, E. by Montgomery, S. by Butler and Monroe, W. by Clarke and Marengo. Chief town, Can- ton. Pop. 2,469. WILDERNESS, v. Spotsylvania co. Va. WILKES, co. Geo. bounded by Columbia and Warren SE. Greene SW. Oglethorpe NVV Broad river or Jefferson and Lincoln cos. E. It is about 22 m. square. Chief town, Wash- ington. Pop. in 1820, 16,912 ; in 1830, 14,237. WILKES, co. north-west corner of N. C. bounded N. by Asher, E. by Surrey, S. by Ire- dell and Burke, W. by Burke and Asher. Chief town, Wilkesborough. Pop. in 1820, 9,967; in 1830, 11,942. WILKES, t. and cap. Wilkes co. N.C. 50 m. W. from Germantovvn, 442 from W. WILKES, L Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 476. WILKESBARRE, formerly Wyoming, t and cap. Luzerne co. Pa. on the SE. side of the Susquehannah, 119 m. NW. from Phila delphia, 121 NE. from Harrisburg, 222 from W. Pop. 2,233. It contains a court-house, jail, church, bank, and academy, and issues 2 weekly newspapers. A dreadful massacre wa committed in this place during the American war, by the Indians under the command of Col. Butler. WILKINSON, co. SW. corner of Mis. Pop. 11,693. Chief town, Woodville. WILKINSON, ca SW. part of Geo. Pop. 6,558. Chief town, Irwinton. WILKINSONVILLE, t. Randolph co. II on the Ohio, about half-way between Fort Mas- sac and the mouth of the Ohio. WILKINSONVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Virginia. WILL AM ANTIC, r. Ct. It is a principal branch of the Shetucket, which it joins N. of Lebanon. WILLEQUENGAUGUM, lake on E. side of Me. at the sources of the St Croix. WILLET, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. Pop. 840. WILLIAMS, NW. co. of Ohio, bounded N. by Michigan, E. by Henry co, S. by Paulding, and W. by the state of Indiana. It is above 25 m. long from N. to S. by 24 broad from E. to W. It is not settled. The principal waters are the St. Joseph s and Maumee rivers. WILLIAMSBOROUGH, t. Burlington ca N.J. WILLIAMSBOROUGH, v. Greenville co. N. C. on the W. side of Nutbush creek, a branch of the Roanoke, 17 m. W, from War- renton, about 37 W. by N. from Halifax, and 49 NE. from Hillsborough. WILLIAMSBURG, t. N. from Sebec river, Penobscot co. Me, 65 m. N. from Belfast, 40 NNW. from Bangor, and 175 NNE. from Port- land. Pop. 227. WILLIAMSBURG, t. Hampshire co. Maw 440 WIL WIL 8 m. NW. from Northampton, 100 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,225. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Huntingdon co. Pa WILLIAMSBURG, t. Talbot co. Md. 5 m. NE. from Easton. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 35 m. ENE. from Cincinnati, 65 W. by S. from Chillicothe. Pop. 286. It was formerly the cap. of the co. It contains a court-house a jail, and a printing-office. WILLIAMSBURG, v. James City co. Va. 32 m. E. by S. from Richmond. This town was once the capital of the state, but is now much decayed from its former importance. It still contains William and Mary College, which was founded here in 1693. It has 7 instruct ors and 60 students. The libraries have 4,200 volumes. It has one vacation of nearly four months, from July to October. Commence ment is in July. WILLIAMSBURG, t. Clermont co. Ohio, containing a village of the same name. Pop. 1,609. WILLIAMSBURG, t. Mason co. Ken. WILLIAMSBURG, district, NE. part of S.C. WILLIAMSBURG, t. and cap. Williams- burg district, S.C. 72 m. NNE. from Charleston. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Jackson co. Ten. on N. side of the Cumberland, about 15 m. ENE. from Carthage. Six miles NE. of this village there is a valuable salt-spring, where large quantities of salt are made. WILLIAMSFIELD,t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. WILLIAMSON, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on S. side of Lake Ontario, 20 m. N. from Canan- daigua. Pop. 1,788. WILLIAMSON, co. W. Ten. Pop. 26,608. Chief town, Franklin. WILLIAMSPORT,bor. and cap.Lycoming co. Pa. on W. branch of the Susquehaunah, 38 m. above Northumberland, 2 E. from New- bury, 190 from W. WILLIAMSPORT, t. Washington co. Md. on the Potomac, 6 m. W. from Elizabethtown. WILLIAMS RIVER, r. Vt. rises in Ches ter, and runs into the Connecticut, 3 m. N. from Bellows Falls. WILLIAMSTON, t. and cap. Martin co. N. C. on the Roanoke, 50 m. SE. from Halifax, 277 from W. WILLIAMSTOWN, t. Orange co. Vt 11 m. S. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,487. WILLIAMSTOWN,t. Berkshire co. Mass. 28 m. N. from Lenox, 135 W. by N. from Bos ton. Lon. 73 15 W.; lat 42 38 N. Pop. 2,137. It is situated in NW. corner of the state, having Saddle Mountain on the E. and hills which separate it from New York on the W. being in a beautiful vale. Hoosack river flows through the NE. part. It is a fine agri cultural town, and contains 2 Congregational meeting-houses, a college, and some manufac turing establishments. Williams College, at this place, was founded in 1793 ; it is a re spectable and flourishing institution ; the build ings are, two brick edifices 4 stories high, and a laboratory. The libraries contain about 4,000 volumes ; the number of students ranges from 100 to 150 ; the whole number of graduate* from its commencement to 1830, was 700, Lectures are given on chemistry, mathematics and natural philosophy, languages, and divini ty. There are 3 terms in a year. Term hills, including tuition, room rent, library, &c. are usually less than 10 dollars. Board is usually 2 dollars a week. Commencement is held on the first Wednesday in September. There are 3 vacations ; the first, from commencement 4 weeks; the second, from the 4th Wednesday in December 6 weeks; the third, from the 3d Wednesday in May, 3 weeks. WILLIAMSTOWN, t. Oswego co. N.Y. W. of Camden. Pop. 606. WILLIAMSTOWN, v. Grant co. Ken. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. in Buffalo, N. Y. 11 m. NE. from Buffalo. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. on Ellicott s creek, Erie co. N. Y. 12 m, NE. from Buffalo. WILLIAMSVJLLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va. 43 m. from Richmond. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Person co. N.C. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken, WILLIMANTIC, rapids in Connecticut r. Mass, about a mile below South Hadley canal. They are avoided by opening a channel a mile in length on the western shore. WILLINBOROUGH,t Burlington co. N. J, on the Delaware, 14 m. from Philadelphia Pop. 782. WILLINGBOROUGH, v. Susquehannah co. Pa. WILLING S CREEK, r. Mis. runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 91 21 W. ; lat. 30 49 N. WILLINGTON, v. Abbeville district, S.C WILLINGTON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 8 m. E. from Tolland, 26 NE. Hartford. Pop. 1,305. WILLIS S CREEK, r. Va. runs into the James river, Ion. 78 18 W. ; lat 37 40 N. WILLIS S MOUNTAIN, mt. Buckingham co. Va. 42 m. S. from Charlottesville. WILLISTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 8 m, ESE. from Burlington. WILLOUGHBY, t. Lincoln co. U. C, on Niagara river, just above the falls. WILLOUGHBY LAKE, lake, in Essex co. Vermont WILLOW GROVE, v. Montgomery co. Pa. WILLOW GROVE, v. Sumpter district, S. Carolina. WILLS, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 1,596. WILLSBOROUGH, t Essex co. N. Y. on Lake Champlain, S. from Chesterfield. Pop. 1,316. WILL S CREEK, r. rises in Pa. and runs S. by W. into the Potomac, at Cumberland, in Maryland. WILLSHIRE, v. Van Wert co. Ohio, 131 m. NW. from Columbus. WILLTOWN, v. in Fairfield, Ct. 279 m. i-om W. WILLTOWN, v. Williarnsburg district, S. Carolina. WILLTOWN, v. Charleston district, S.C. on the Edisto, 27 m. WSW. from Charleston. WILMINGTON, t. Windham co. Vt 21 m, E. from Bennington. Pop. 1367. WILMINGTON,t.Essexco,N.Y. Pop,695, WIL WIN 441 WILMINGTON, t. Middlesex co Mass. 16 m. N. from Boston. Pop. 731. WILMINGTON, city and port of entry, Newcastle co. Del between the Brandywine and Christiana creeks, 1 m. above their conflu ence, and 2 W. from the Delaware, 5 N. from Newcastle, 28 SW. from Philadelphia, 72 NE. from Baltimore, and 110 from W. Lon. 77 34 W. ; lat. 39 43 N. Pop. in 1820, 5,268 ; in 1830, 6,628. The position of the town is high, airy and pleasant; it is regularly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. It is supplied with water from the Brandywine, by water-works, like those of Philadelphia. The city contains a town-hall, 2 market-houses, 3 banks, a spacious alms- house of stone, a TJ. S. arsenal, and 13 houses of public worship, viz. 3 for Episcopalians, 3 for Presbyterians, 3 for Methodists, 2 for Friends, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Roman Cath olics. The Christiana admits vessels drawing 14 feet of water to the town, arid those of I feet can ascend 8 m. further. The Brandy wine has 8 feet of water to the mills. This town owns more than 10,000 tons of shipping, Its staple article of export is flour. There is a bridge over the Brandywine, and one over the Christiana, connecting it on each side, with the beautiful surrounding country, in which il is situated. The celebrated Brandywine flour mills are in a village a little distant from the town. These flour mills were formerly the most numerous and important in the U. S Those in Rochester, New York, now vie with them. Within 10 m. of Wilmington there are at least 100 important manufactories, render ing it the largest manufacturing district in the Atlantic states S. of Philadelphia. The prin cipal articles manufactured are flour, cotton wool, paper, iron castings, and powder. The celebrated powder manufactory of E. I. Da pont is on the Brandywine, near Wilmington The Brandywine Chalybeate Springs are like wise within 5 m. of Wilmington, situated in a highly romantic and rural country. The building for the accommodation of boarders will bear comparison with any similar estab lishment in the U. S. It is a place of grea resort for invalids and people of fashion during the warm season. Wilmington is noted fo the number and excellence of its private schools, which may be attributed to a want of enterprise in its inhabitants to encourage pub lie institutions. There is not a seminary in the city of public endowment. Among the private seminaries are three Friends boarding schools, two for boys, and one for young ladies of long-established celebrity ; there are severa other schools of the first order that accommo date both boarding and day scholars. Th whole number of schools is above 40, most of which are taught by females. A Catholic charity school for the education of orphans it among the number. There are 4 printing offices in the town, from which are issued ^ periodical papers, 2 semi-weekly and 2 weekly There is likewise a public library of 2,200 volumes. Wilmington carries on a brisk trade with Philadelphia ; two steam-boats run daily 3F >etween the two cities, and a third runs be; ween Wilmington and New Jersey. It con- ains a large number of stores of almost every lescription, from which gbods may be bought^ t retail, on as good or better terms than in hiladelphia; WILMINGTON, t. port of entry, and cap; *few Hanover co. N. C. on the E; side of Cape ?ear river, just below the confluence of the tf E; and NW. branches, about 35 m. from the sea ; 90 SE. from Fayetteville, 93 SSW. from Newbern, and 416 from W. Lon. 78 10 W. ; .at. 34 11 N. Pop. 2,700. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 2 banks, a printing-office, an Episcopal, and a Presbytei rian church. The exports from this town some years exceeds 1,000,000 dollars. It is well situated for trade, but is accounted un healthy. The harbor admits vessels of 300 tons, but the entrance is rendered dangerous and difficult by a large shoal. Opposite the town are two islands, which extend with the course of the river, dividing it into 3 channels; WILMINGTON, island, near the coast of Georgia, at the mouth of the Savannah river* Lat. 32 N. WILMINGTON, t. and cap. Clinton co. Ohio, 50 m. W. from Chillicothe, 54 NE. front Cincinnati, 60 SW. from Columbus, and 444 from W. It was laid out in 1810, and is a flourishing town, containing a printing-office, and 607 inhabitants. WILMINGTON, t. Fluvanna co. Va; WILMOT, t. Merrimack co. N;H. 29 m* NW. from Concord. Pop. 834. WILNA, t. Jefferson co, N. Y. Pop. 1,602* WILSON, t. Niagara co. N. Y. Pop. 913. WILSON, co. West Ten. on the S. side of Cumberland river. Pop. 25,447. Chief town, Lebanon. WILSON HILL, v, Shelby co. Al. 133 m. NNE. from Cahawba* WILTON, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 35 m; NW, from Augusta, 200 NNE. from Boston* Pop* 1,650. WILTON, t. Hillsborough co. N.H< 9 m* WSW. from Amherst* 40 SSW. from Concord* Pop. 1,04L WILTON, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 7 m, N. from Norwalk. Pop. 2,OS5. Here is an academy. WILTON, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. Pop. 1,303* WINCHENDON, t Worcester co. Mass. 33 m. NNW. from Worcester, 60 NW. from Boston* Pop* 1,463* WINCHESTER, t. Cheshire co. N;H 13 m, SSW. from Keene, 70 WSW. from Con, cord. Pop. 2,052. WINCHESTER, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 15 m* N. Litchfield. Pop. 1,766. WINCHESTER, v* Greene co* Ohio, on Anderson s creek, 7 m* from Xenia* Pop; 8. WINCHESTER, v. Guernsey co. Ohio, 33m* NNE. from Zanesville, 45 W. from Wheeling* WINCHESTER, city and cap* Frederick co, Va. 30 m* SW* from Harper s Ferry, 70 WNW. from Washington, 95 NE. from Staun- ton, 150 NNW. from Richmond. Lon. 77 28 W. ; lat 39 16 N. Pop. about 5,000. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out in 442 WIN WIN quares, 11 a handsome and flourishing town and contains a court-house, a jail, an alms house, a market-house, as well as a freema sons hall, 2 banks, 2 academies, 1 for male and 1 for females, 2 printing-offices, from eac of which is issued a weekly newspaper, and houses of public worship, for Presbyterians Episcopalians, German Lutherans, Baptists, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The prin cipal street is well paved, and the town we] built, a large part of the houses being of brick It is supplied with excellent water by an aque duct Near the town there are several medi cinal springs ; in the vicinity there are a num ber of flour mills. It has a large number oi manufactories and workshops, and being cen tral to many mineral springs, and a place noted for its salubrity and pleasantness, it is a summer resort for strangers. WINCHESTER, t. and cap. Clarke co. Ken on a branch of Licking river, 16 m. SSE. from Paris, and 530 from W. Pop. 620. Here is a printing-office. WINCHESTER, t. and cap. Franklin co Ten. on Elk river, about 35 m. E. by N. from Fayetteville, and 687 m. from W. WINCHESTER, v. and seat of justice Wayne co. Mis. on Oaktibbehan, branch of Pascagoula river, 180 m. E. from Natchez, 15( NE. from New Orleans. Lat 31 39 N. WINDHAM, co. SE. part of Vt bounded N. by Windsor co. E. by Connecticut river, S by Massachusetts, and W. by Bennington co Pop. 28,758. Chief town, Newfane. WINDHAM, t. Windham co. Vt. 25 m SW. from Windsor. Pop. 84. WINDHAM, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 34 m. NNW. from Boston, 40 WSW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 1,006. WINDHAM, or, Ct. bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts, S. by New London co. and W. by Tolland co. Pop. 27,077. Chief town, Brooklyn. WINDHAM, t. Windham co. Ct 12 m. NNW. from Norwich, 31 E. from Hartford, 365 from W. Pop. 2,812. It is watered by the Shetucket, and has two considerable vil lages, one called Windhamtown, and the other Williamantie, or the State ; in the latter are 5 large manufactories of cotton, from which has sprung this flourishing village. WINDHAM, t. Greene co. N. Y. SW. from Catskill. Pop. 3,472. WINDHAM, v. Portage co. Ohio, 220 m. NE. from Columbus. WINDSOR, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 36 m. from Portland. Pop. 1,485. WINDSOR, co. E. side of Vt bounded N. by Orange co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Windham co. and W. by Rutland and Addi- son cos. Pop. 40,623. Chief towns, Windsor and Woodstock. WINDSOR, t. Windsor co. Vt on W. bank of the Connecticut, 18 m. S. from Dartmouth College, 61 m. S. from Montpelier, 112 NW. from Boston, 126 N. from Hartford, 463 from W. Lon. 72 30 W.; lat 43 29 N. Pop. 3,134. It is a very pleasant, handsome, and flourishing town, one of the largest in the state, and has considerable trade. It contains a court-house, a state prison, an academy for young ladies, and 3 handsome houses of pub- lie worship, for Congregationalists, Baptists, and Episcopalians. The academy is a respect able institution, and has from 70 to 100 pupils. The building is of brick, 2 stories high. WINDSOR, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 28 m WSW. from Concord. Pop. 226. WINDSOR, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 ra NE. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,042. WINDSOR, t. Hartford co. Ct on W. side of the Connecticut, 7 m. N. from Hartford. Pop. 3,220. It is a pleasant town, and ha* an academy. WINDSOR, East, t Hartford co. Ct. on E. side of the Connecticut, nearly opposite Wind sor, 7 m. NNE. from Hartford. Pop. 3,537. It contains an academy. WINDSOR, East, t. Middlesex co. N.J. Pop. 2,129. WINDSOR, West, t. Middlesex co. N. J. Pop. 1,903. WINDSOR, t Ashtabula co. Ohio, 25 m. NW. from Warren. Pop. 666. WINDSOR, t and cap. Bertie co. N. C. o the Cashie, 23 m. WSW. from Edenton, 280 from W. WINDSOR CREEK, r. N. America, which uns into the Missouri, 190 m. below the Great Falls. WINDSOR RIVER, r. Ct which runs into the Connecticut, 4 m. N. from Hartford. WINDWARD ISLANDS, such of th Caribbean, in the West Indies, as commence at Vlartinico, and extend to Tobago. WINDWARD PASSAGE, strait between Point Maizi, at the E. end of the Island of ?uba, and Cape St. Nicholas, at the NW. ex- remity of St. Domingo. WINEBAGO, lake, NW. Territory. Lon. 8746 W.; lat. 43 50 N. WINEBAGO RIVER, r. NW. Territory, which runs from Winnebago Lake to Green 3ay in Lake Michigan. WINEE, or Black river, r. S. C. which ises near Camden, and runs SE. into the ireat Pedee, 3 m. above Georgetown. WINFIELD, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 m. SW. from Herkimer, 10 S. from Utica. Pop. ,778. WINFIELD, or Marlborough, t. Marlbo- ough district, S. C. WINHALL, t Bennington co. Vt. about >0 m. NE. from Albany in N. Y. and 25 m. . from Bellows Falls. Pop. 571. WINNIPEG LAKE, N. America, the ource of the highest branch of the Mississippi iver. Lon. 95 8 W. ; lat. 47 16 N. WINNIPISEOGEE LAKE, N. H. in Strafc. ord co. 20 m. long, and 8, where widest, road. It is a beautiful lake, of a very inregu- ar form, and contains a number of islands. WINNIPISEOGEE, r. N. H. runs from ake Winnipiseogee into the Merrimack, S. f Sanbornton. WINNSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Fairfield - S. C. 8 m. W. of the Wateree, 30 m. NNW. WIN WOO 443 from Columbia, 145 NNW. from Charleston. It contains a court-house and a jail. WINSLOW, t. Kennebeck co. Me. on the Kennebeck, opposite Waterville, 16 m. N. from Augusta, 196 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,259. WINSTED, v. and parish, in Litchneld co. Ct. in NE. part of Winchester, containing flourishing manufactures. WINTHROP, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 11 m. W. from Augusta, 160 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,887. It is a considerable and flourish- ing town, and has manufactures of cotton and wool, and also of copprras. WINTON, cap. Hertford co. N. C. on the Chow an, 35 m. NNW. from Edenton. It contains but a few houses. WINTONBURY, v. Hartford co. Ct. WINY AW BAY, S. C. formed by the junction of the Pedee, Wakkamaw, and Wi nce. It is 12 m. long. WISCASSET, t. port of entry, and cap. Lincoln co. Me. on W. side the Sheepscot, 8 m. NE. from Bath, 43 NE. from Portland, 160 NE. from Boston, 600 from W. Lon. 90 40 W. ; lat. 43 N. Pop. 2,244. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, a meeting-house, an academy, a bank, an insu rance office, and has considerable trade. The harbor is rarely frozen. WISER S CREEK, r. N. America, runs into the Missouri, 342 m. below the Great Falls. WISESBURG, v. Baltimore co. Md. 25 m. NW. from Baltimore. WOBURN, t Middlesex co. Mass. 10 m. N. from Boston. Pop. 1,977. WOLCOTT, t. Orleans co. Vt. 28 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 492. WOLCOTT, t. New Haven co. Ct. 23 m. N. from New Haven. Pop. 844. WOLCOTT, t. Wayne co. N. Y. on S. side of Lake Ontario, 200 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 1,085. WOLCOTTSVILLE, v. Litchneld co. Ct WOLF ISLAND, or Grande, isl. at NE. end of Lake Ontario. Lon. 75 50 W. ; lat. 44 N. WOLF RIVER, r. Ten. runs into the Mis sissippi, N. of Chick asaw Bluff. WOLF RIVER, r. La. runs into the Mis souri, 464 m. from the Missouri. WOLF RIVER, r. Mis. runs S. into the Gulf of Mexico, 22 m. E. from Pearl river. Length 140 m. It forms a considerable bay at its mouth, called St Louis s Bay. WOLF ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Georgia. Lon. 81 30 W. ; lat 31 19 N. WOLFEBOROUGH, t. Stratford co. N. H. on NE. side of Lake Winnipiseogee, 50 m. NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,928. WALLAWOLLAH, r. N. America, runs into the Columbia, below Lewis s river. WOLVES ISLANDS, cluster of small isl ands near E. coast of Maine. Lon. 66 50 W. ; lat 45 4 N. WOMELSDORF, v. Berks co. Pa. 68 m. WNW. from Philadelphia. WOOD, co. NW. part of Va. bounded NE. by Ohio and Harrison cos. SE. by Harrison and Kenhawa cos. SW. by Kenhawa and Mason counties, and NW. by the Ohio. Pop 6,409. Chief town, Parkersburg. WOOD, northern co. of the New Purchase, Ohio, bounded N. by Michigan, E. by San- dusky and Seneca, S. by Hancock, and W. by Henry cos. It is 31 m. long from N. to S. by 24 broad from E. to W. Pop. 1,095. Chief town, Perrysburg. WOOD CREEK, r. N. Y. runs N. into S. end of Lake Champlain. Length 23 m. WOOD CREEK, r. Oneida co. N. Y. runs W. into Oneida Lake. It is connected with the Mohawk by a canal, 1 m, long, and navi gable for boats of 12 or 15 tons. WOOD ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of Maine, 15 m. NE. from Cape Porpoise. Lon. 70 24 W. ; lat. 43 26 N. WOOD, r. N. America, runs into the Mis* sissippi, Ion. 92 35 W. ; lat. 44 N. WOODBRIDGE, t. New Haven co. Ct 7 m. NW. from New Haven. Pop. 2,049. WOODBRIDGE, t. Middlesex co. N. J. W. of Arthur Kull Sound, 3 m. NNW. from Amboy. Pop. 3,969. The village contains an Episcopal and Presbyterian church. WOODBURY, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 19 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 824. WOODBURY, t Litchfield co. Ct 16 m. S. from Litchfield. Pop. 2,045. WOODBURY, t. and Cap. Gloucester co. N. J. 9 m. S. from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a Quaker meeting-house, and upwards of 100 houses. WOODFORD, t. Bennington co. Vt. 8 m. E. from Bennington. Pop. 395. WOODFORD, co. Central part of Ken. Pop. 12,294. Chief town, Versailles. WOODSBOROUGH, t. Frederick co. Md. 11 m. NE. from Fredericktown. WOODSFIELD, t. and cap. Monroe co. Ohio, 31 m. SW. from St. Clairsville, 35 m. N. from Marietta, 294 from W. Pop. 157. WOODS, Lake of the, lake of N. America, 90 m. long, and 30 where broadest, but very irregular in its shape. It lies between the Winnipeg and Lake Superior, chiefly in U. C. but the S. part is in the territory of the U. S. The lands on its banks are covered with oaks, pines, firs, &c. WOODSTOCK, t. Oxford co. Me. 8 m. N. from Paris. Pop. 573. WOODSTOCK, t. and cap. Windsor co. Vt. 14 m. NW. from Windsor, 47 S. from Montpelier. Pop. 3,044. Here is a pleasant and handsome village, situated on the Water- queechy, containing a court-house, a jail, and a Congregational meeting-house, and it has some trade. WOODSTOCK, t. Windham co. Ct. 6 m. N. from Pomfret, 40 ENE. from Hartford. Pop. 2,928. It consists of 3 parishes, is a valuable agricultural town, and contains an academy. WOODSTOCK, t. and cap. Shenandoah co. Va. 12 m. SSW. from Strasburg, 30 SSW. from Winchester. It is a pleasant town, and con tains a handsome stone court-house, a jail, an academy, a market-house, 4 houses of public worship, for German Lutherans, Presbyterians, 444 \VOO-WYT Episcopalians, and Methodists, and about 600 inhabitants, WOODSTOCK, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 14 m. NW. from Kingston. Here are iron works, and 2 glass manufactories. WOODSTOCK, t. Hyde co. N. C. WOODSTOWN, v. Salem co. N. J. It is a pleasant place, contains a Quaker meeting house, and about 80 dwellings. WOODVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. 158 m. NW. from Albany. WOODVILLE, v. in the western angle of Culpeper co. Va. 98 m. SW. by W. from W. and 128 NNW. from Richmond. WOODVILLE, v. on Pamunky r. Han over co, Va, 30 m. a little W. of N. from Rich mond. WOODVILLE, v. Perquimans co. [N. C. 231 m. NE, by E. from Raleigh. WOODVILLE, v. Warren co. Ten. about 20 m. E. from Murfreesborough. WOODVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Wil kinson co. Mis. 38 m. a little E. of S. from Natchez. Pop. about 700. The vicinity of Woodville, watered by the branches of Buffalo and Bayou Sara, is one of the most productive cotton tracts in Mississippi or Louisiana. Dis tance from W. 1,182 m. WOOLWICH, t. Lincoln co. Me. on the Kennebeck, opposite Bath, 7 m.W. from Wis- casset, 152 NE. from Boston, 620 from W. Pop. 1,484. WOOLWICH, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 3,033. WOOSTER, t. and cap. Wayne co. Ohio, at the head of navigation on the Killbuck, 45 m. S. from Lake Erie, 65 N. from Zanesville, 123 W. from Pittsburg, 370 from W. Lat.40 46 N, It is regularly laid out, and contains a bank, a land-office, a printing-office, and 977 inhabitants. Two m. NW. of the town a well for salt water has been sunk 280 feet deep, It furnishes very salt water in large quantities. WORCESTER, t. Washington co. Vt. 10 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 432. WORCESTER, t. and cap. Worcester co. Mass. 39 m. NNW. from Providence, 40 W. by S. from Boston, 295 from W. Pop. 4,172. It contains an elegant court-house, a jail, a bank, 2 paper-mills, 2 printing-offices, from each of which is issued a weekly newspaper, and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congre- gationalists, and 1 for Baptists. It is pleas antly situated, and is the largest inland town in New England, and is a place of much wealth and trade. The principal street is upwards of a mile in length. The town is handsomely built, and the neighboring country is very pleasant and well cultivated. Here is the li brary pf the American Antiquarian Society, consisting of 6,000 volumes. A State Insane Asylum has recently been established here, A cattle show is held here annually. It has a communication with the waters of Narragan- set Bay by the Blackstone canal. WORCESTER, co. Md. bounded N. by Delaware, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Virginia, and W. by Somerset co. Pop. 18,271. Chief town, SnowhiU. WORCESTER, co. Mass, bounded N. by few Hampshire, E. by Middlesex and Nor folk cos. S. by Rhode Island and Connecticut, md W. by Hampden, Hampshire, and Frank- in cos. Pop. 84,365. WORCESTER, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 13 m. SE. from Cooperstown. Pop. 2,013. WORCESTER, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 1,953. WORTHINGTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 m. WNW. from Northampton, 100 W. from Boston. WORTHINGTON v. Franklin co. Ohio, on the Whetstone, 9 m. NNE. from Columbus Its situatifjn is a pleasant one, and it contains an academy and a large woollen manufactory. Pop. 314. WRENTHAM, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 19 m. NW. from Taunton, 32 SW. from Boston, 420 from W. Pop. 2,765. It is a considerable town, and contains an academy, and a cotton manufactory. Great numbers of straw bon nets are made in this town. WRIGHTSBOROUGH, v. Union district, S.C. WRIGHTSBOROUGH, v. Columbia co. Geo. WRIGHTSTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J. 21 m. SSE. from Trenton, and 30 NE. by E. from Philadelphia. WRIGHTSVILLE, v. York co. Pa. on W, side of the Susquehannah, opposite Columbia, with which it is connected by a bridge. WRIGHTSVILLE, v. Duplin co. N. C. 89 m. SE. from Raleigh. WYACONDA, r. La. runs into the Missis sippi, 34 m. below the Moines. WYALUSING, r. Pa. runs into the E. branch of the Susquehannah, 8 or 10 m. be low Asylum, WYE, creek of Md. separating Queen Anne from Talbot co. and falling into Chesapeake bay, opposite the S. end of Kent island. WYE MILLS, v. Talbot co. Md. WYLLIESBURG, t. Charlotte co. Va. WYNANT S KILL, r. N. Y. runs into the Hudson, in Troy, 2 m. S. from Poesten s Kill. WYOMING, or Kingston, v. Luzerne co. Pa. on Susquehannah river, 1 m. from, and di rectly opposite, Wilkesbarre. This village stands similar to Wilkesbarre, on an elevated alluvial plain ; they are in full view from each other. WYSAUKEN CREEK, r. Pa. runs into E. branch of the Susquehannah, 6 or 8 m. above Asylum. WYSOX, small creek of Bradford co. Pa. falling into the Susquehannah, 5 m. below To- wanda. WYTHE, co. SW. part of Va. bounded NNW. by Tazewell co. NE. by Montgomery, SSE. by Grayson co. and W. by Washington co. 340 from W. Pop. 12,163. Chief town, Evansham. WYTHE COURT-HOUSE, 01 Evansham, v. and seat of justice, Wythe co. Va. 58 miles NE. of Abington, 31 SW. of Inglisville, and 351 from W Lat. 36 50 N.; Ion. 4 10 W XAG YOR 445 X. XAGUA, s-p. of the S. coast of the island of Cuba, one of the finest in America, 84 m. SE. of Havana. 10 N. Lon. 80 45 W. ; lat. 22< XALAPA, t. of New Spain, in the province of Tlascala, with a bishop s see. Lon. 98 20 W., lat. 19 32 N. XALISCO, a t. of Mexico, in a province of its name, 14 m. NW. of Compostella. XENIA, t. and cap. Greene co. Ohio, on the Shawnee Creek, 3 m. from the Little Miami, 30 m. SW. from Urbanna, 55 NNE. from Cin cinnati, 453 from W. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, There are several houses of public worship in the village. The houses recently built are chiefly of brick and stone Pop. 919. Y. YADKIN, r. N. C. rises between the Alle- ghany and Brushy Mountains, pervades the counties of Wilkes, Surrey, Rowan, Montgo mery, and Anson, and flows into S. C. with the name of the Great Pedee. In Montgomery co. it passes over narrows occasioned by moun tains on each side, which contract it from 200 yards wide to about 30. A few miles below the narrows it receives Rocky river, and then takes the name of Great Pedee. YANCEYVILLE, v. Louisa co. Va. on the S. Anna, fromW. 60 m. NW. from Richmond, 133 YANTIC, or Norwich, r. Ct. joins the She- tucket, at Norwich. YARMOUTH, s-p. Barnstable co. Mass. 4 m. E. from Barnstable, 20 SSE. from Boston, 488 from W. Pop. 2,251. YATES, co. N. Y. bounded S. by Steuben, N. by Ontario, E. by Seneca Lake, and W. by Ontario and Canandaigua Lake. Length 21 m. width 12. Surface generally hilly, soi] fertile, and well wooded. Chief town, Penn Yan. Pop. 19,019. YAZOO, r. Mis. rises in lat. 35 N. near the borders of Tennessee, and runs SSW. and flows into the Mississippi, 12 m. above Wal nut Hills, 142 above Natchez. It is about 230 m. long, and navigable 100 m. YAZOO, Little, r. Mis. runs SSW. into the Mississippi, 15 m. S. from Palmyra. YAZOO, co. of Mis. on the Yazoo river. Pop. 6,550. Chief town, Benton. YELLOW-BUSHA, or Yalo-Bushur, an eastern branch of the Yazoo, Mis. A mis sionary station, named Elliot, was established, in 1818, on this river, 120 m. above the mouth of the Yazoo. YELLOW-BREECHES CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Susquehannah, on the W. side, 3 m. below Harrisburg. YELLOW CREEK, t. Columbiana co Ohio. Pop. 1,149. YELLOW CREEK, Great and Little, two streams, Ohio, which flow into Ohio river in SE. corner of Columbiana co. 4 m. apart. YELLOW CREEK FURNACE, and Montgomery co. Ten. 118 m. NW. from Mur- freesborough. YELLOW SPRINGS, watering place and illage, Chester co. Pa. 30 m. NW. from Phil- adelphia. It is a place of considerable resort during the warm season, and there are two fine hotels which afford excellent accommoda tions for visitors. YELLOW SPRINGS, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. 56 m W. from Harrisburg. YELLOW SPRINGS, v. near the northern boundary of Greene co. Ohio, 12 m. NNE. from Xenia, and 65 m. SW. by W. from Columbus. YELLOWSTONE, r. N. America, rises from Lake Eustis in the Rocky Mountains, and after an ENE. course of about 1,100 .m. joins the Missouri, 1,880 m. from the Missis, sippi, Ion. 104 W. ; lat. 47 50 N. This river is nearly or quite as large as the other branch which retains the name of Missouri. Its principal branches are Bighorn and Tongue rivers. This river was explored by Captain Clark, who embarked on it, 850 m. from its mouth, and tracing it down, found it deep and navigable for the whole of that distance. YELLOW WATER, r. rises in Al. runs nearly S. into Florida, and falls into Pensacola Bay, after a course of about 70 m. It is a fine, clear, and beautiful stream, rising in pine woods. YOCOM CREEK, r. Va. runs into the Po- tomac, Ion. 76 36 W. ; lat. 38 6 N. YONGUESVILLE, v. Fairfield district, S. C. 42 m. N. from Columbus. YONKERS, t. Westchester co. N. Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, 20 m. N. from N. York, Pop. 1,761. YORK, city of U. C. is in about 43 35 N. lat. and is the present seat of the government of U. C. It is most beautifully situated within an excellent harbor of the same name, made by a long peninsula, which confines a basin of water sufficiently large to contain a consid erable fleet. Pop. about 3,500. YORK, SW co. of Me. bounded by the At lantic Ocean SE. Piscataqua river, or New Hampshire SW. N. Hampshire W. Oxford co. Maine N. and Cumberland NE. Length 50 m. mean width 20. Chief town, York. 1830, 51,710. Its principal river, Saco. Pop. in 1820, 46,283 ; in YORK, t. and seat of justice, York co. Me. on York river, near the ocean, 10 m. NE. of Portsmouth, 16 S. of Wells, and 22 of Kenne- bunk. Pop. 3,485. YORK, t. on the W. side of Genesee river, Livingston co. N. Y. 25 m. SSW. from Roches ter, and 40 m. W. from Canandaigua. Pop. 2,636. YORK, or Yorktown, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 45 m. N. from New York. Pop. 2,141. YORK, co. S. side of Pa. bounded NE. by the Susquehannah, which separates it from Dau phin and Lancaster cos. S. by Maryland, W. by Adams co. and NNW. by Cumberland ca Pop. 42,658. Chief town, York YORK, bor. and cap. York co. Pa. on Codo- rus creek, 22 m. WSW. from Lancaster, 48 N. from Baltimore, 52 E. from Chambersburg, 85 446 YOR ZAN W. from Philadelphia, 66 from W. Lon. 76 40 W. ; lat 39 58 N. Pop. 4,216. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- house, an alms-house, a register s office, an Episcopal academy, and 10 houses of public worship, for Episcopalians, English Presbyte rians, German Presbyterians, German Luther^ ans, Roman Catholics, Methodists, Friends, and Moravians. A large number of the houses here are handsome and spacious structures of brick. YORK, co. E. side of Va. bounded N. by York river, E. by Chesapeake Bay, S. by Eliza beth City, Warwick, and James City cos. and W. by James City co. Pop. 5,354. Chief town, Yorktown. YORK, a short and navigable river, Va formed by the union of the Pamunky and Mat- tapony. It flows into the Chesapeake, opposite Cape Charles. YORK, t Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 871. YORK, t Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1 ,429. YORK, district, N partofS.C. Pop. 17,785. YORK, t. and cap. York district, S. C. 30 m. N. from Columbia, 438 from W. YORK BAY, a bay on the SW. coast of the island of St. Vincent, 2 m. NW. from Kingston Bay. YORK FORT, fort at the mouth of Nelson s river, in Hudson s Bay. Lon. 92 46 W. ; lat. 57 2 N. YORK HAVEN. v.York co. Pa. YORK SULPHUR SPRINGS, v. Adams co. Pa. YORKTOWN, or York, t. port of entry, and cap. York co. Va. on S. side of York river, 12 m. ESE. from Williamsburg, 29 NW. from Norfolk, 70 ESE. from Richmond. Lon. 76 52 W. ; lat. 37 22 N. Pop. about 1,000. York river affords at this town the best harbor in Vir ginia. It is contracted here to the width of a mile, and is inclosed within very high banks, under which the largest vessels may ride with aafety. It is a place of some trade. This town is memorable for the capture of Lord Cornwallis and his army by the Americans, un der Gen. Washington, on the 19th of October, 1781. YOUNG POINT, cape on the E. coast of St. Vincent Lon. 61 9 W.; lat. 13 12 N. YOUHIOGENY, river of Pennsylvania and Maryland, rises in the extreme south-western angle of Maryland, between the sources of Po tomac and Cheat rivers. Pursuing a northern course over the western border of Maryland, it enters Pennsylvania on the E. side of the Lau rel Hills, and piercing both them and the Ches- nut Ridge, flows thence in a NW. direction, and empties into the Monongahela 15 m. above, or S. of Pittsburg. YOUNGSTOWN, v. on Niagara river, Ni agara co. N. Y. 5 m. N. from Lewiston, and 20 NW.by W. from Lockport. YOUNGSTOWN, v. Westmoreland co.Pa. at the western foot of Chesnut Ridge, 11 m. E- from Greensburg, and 158 W. from Harrii- U YOUNGSTOWN, t. in Trumbull co. Ohio, on a branch of Big Beaver river, 8 m. NE. of Canfield, and about 90 N. by W. of Pittsburg. Pop. 1,384. YOUNGSVILLE, v. Warren co. Pa. 328 m. NW. from Harrisburg. YUCATAN, peninsula and state of Mexico, bounded by the Gulf of Mexico NW. and N. by the Caribbean sea E. by central America S. and by Chiapa and Tabasco SW. Length from SW. to NE. 500 m. mean width 160; and area 80,000 sq. ms. " The peninsula of Yucatan," says Humboldt, "of which the north- ern coast, from Cape Catoche, to the Punta de Piedras, 240 m. is a vast plain, intersected in its interior by a chain of hills of little eleva tion." Though one of the warmest, Yucatan is among the most healthy regions of equinoctial America. It reaches from lat. 15 40 to 21 30 N. This salubrity is, no doubt, owing to the dryness of the soil and atmosphere. Along the whole coast, from Cape Catoche to the mouth of the river San Francisco, in a dis tance of 400 m. the country does not afford a single spring of fresh water ; that element is, however, abundant in the interior. Chief towns, Merida de Yucatan, Campeche, and Valladolid de Yucatan. Pop. about 750,000. Z. ZACATECAS, intendency, Mexico, bound, ed N. by Durango, E. by San Luis Potosi, S. by Guanaxato, and W. by Guadalaxara. It contains an area of 18,000 sq. ms. and about 160,000 inhabitants. ZACATECAS, t. Mexico, cap. of the above, one of the most celebrated mining places of New Spain, 300 m. NNW. from Mexico, Pop. 35,000. Lat. 23 N. ZACATULA, or Sacatula, t. Mexico, on a river of the same name, near the Pacific Ocean, 95 m. S. from Mechoacan. Lon. 103 W. ; lat. 18 35 N. ZACHEO, or Desechio, isl. in the W. In. dies, between Hispaniola and Porto Rico, 27 m. NE. from Mona. ZANE, t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 608. ZANESFIELD, v. Logan co. Ohio. ZANESVILLE, v. and seat of justice for Muskingum co. Ohio, 80 m. W. from Wheel- ing, Va. 336 from W. Lat 40 N. ; Ion. 5 2 W. Pop. 3,094. It contains a court-house, and public offices; 20 or 30 stores, several glass-houses, and 2 printing-offices. Zanes- ville stands on the E. bank of Muskingum river, immediately adjoining the Falls, on which are erected a large number of mills, among which are several flouring and saw mills, an oil-mill, a rolling-mill, a nail machine, and woollen factory. Across the river, ad joining the town, are built two bridges within half a mile of each other, the lower connect ing this town with Putnam. APPENDIX. STATISTICAL TABLES OF THE UNITED STATES. I. IMPORTS, EXPORTS, AND TONNAGE Of each State and Territory: the Imports and Exports during the Year ending Sep tember 30, 1829; and the Tonnage reckoned on the 31s of December, 1828. States and Terri tories. Value of Im port*. Value of Exports. Total Value of Domestic and Foreign Produce. Tons and SSthi. Domestic Produce. Foreign Produce. Maine . . . $ 742,781 $ 729,106 $ 8,726 $ 737,832 232,939 37 N. Hampshire 179,889 98,264 7,476 105,740 26,253 18 Vermont . . 205,392 808,079 g 808,079 764 61 Massachusetts 12,520,744 3,949,751 4,305,186 8,254,937 424,511 99 Rhode Island 423,811 337,468 52,913 390,381 43,406 61 Connecticut . 309,538 450,9a5 6,895 457,970 60,859 57 New York 34,743,307 12,036,561 8,082,450 20,119,011 355,534 55 New Jersey . 786,247 8,022 . . 8,022 (48,772 19 Pennsylvania 10,100,152 2,617,152 1,472,873 4,089,935 104,114 43 Delaware . . 24,179 7,195 . 7,195 13,213 41 Maryland . . 4,804,135 3,662,273 1,142,192 4,804,465 170,947 71 Columbia Dist 205,921 914,285 13,812 928,097 23,232 72 Virginia . . 395,352 3,783,493 3,938 3,787,431 67,302 10 North Carolina 283,347 564,506 . . 564,506 54,094 45 South Carolina 1,139,618 8,134,676 40,910 8,175,586 33,688 73 Georgia . . 380,293 4,980,642 734 4,981,376 13,959 24 Alabama . . 233,720 1,679,385 14,573 1,693,958 10,473 02 Louisiana . . 6,857,209 10,898,183 1,487,877 12,386,060 51,903 83 Ohio . . 293 2,004 . 2,004 2,388 85 Michigan Ter. 2,957 470 93 Florida . . 153,642 38,163 17,923 56,086 2,781 91 Total . . 74,492,527 55,700,193 16,658,478 72,358,671 1,741,391 II. Compensation to Officers of the Army, including Pay, Subsistence, Forage Fuel, Quarters, and Expense for Servants. Major General . . Per month. 544,58f Per ann. 6,535,00 Maj. of Staff Permont 176,49^ i. Per ann. 2,117,92 Brigadier General 370,12| 4,441,50 Major . . . 182,83J 2,194,00 Adjutant General . 269,54 3,234,48 Surgeon . . 125,83J 1,510,00 Inspector General . 233,04 2,796,48 Ass t Surgeon 102,37; 1,228,50 Com y Gen. of Sub. 261,54 3,138,48 Capt of Ord. 142,87i 1,714,50 Col. of Ordnance . 261,54 3,138,48 Captain . . 132,87i 1,594,50 Lieut. Col. of Ord. 220,00 2,640,00 Lieut, of Ord. 115,89i 1,390,74 Colonel .... 246,54 2,958,48 1st Lieutenant 112,56j 1,350,75 Lieut. Colonel . . 205,00 2,460,00 2d Lieutenant 107,5$ 1,290,75 448 APPENDIX. III. INSPECTIONS OF FLOUR. Inspections of Wheat and Rye Flour and Corn Meal in the principal Ports of the United States, for the year ending September 30, 1830 ; also the amount for the preceding nine years. Places. Wheat Flour. Rye Flour. Corn J leal. Albany, New York . . . New York Barrels. 43,215 827,370 Barrels. 15191 Hhds. 10,316 Barrels. 9663 473,876 21,712 7,498 19,949 Baltimore 597,804 4,436 558 5,458 Georgetown, D. C. . . . Alexandria, D. C. ... Fredericksburg, Va. . . . Falmouth, Va 139,713 187,432 79,336 46,406 *1 Richmond, Va. .... Petersburg}!, &c New Orleans, 251,024 72,000 133,700 . . . Total, 1830 .... 1829 .... 1828 .... 1827 .... 1826 .... 1825 .... 1824 .... 1823 .... 1822 .... 1821 .... 2,851,876 2,255,132 2,245,257 2,061,459 2,031,558 1,882,611 1,714,410 1,557,724 1,599,973 1,707,350 41,351 77,945 55,239 34,487 27,282 57,419 68,380 75,620 59,363 43,976 18,372 17,891 19,178 16,869 18,619 14,781 17,192 14,705 15,157 17,449 35,070 51,666 78,958 51,192 36,979 51,297 70,415 36,863 32,274 40,693 IV. Table showing the whole Quantity of Land in those States and Territories in which Public Land is situated ; the Quantity of Public Land to which the Indian title had been extinguished June 30, 1828 ; and the Quantity to which it had not been extinguished June 30, 1828. ij State or Territory. Whole quan tity of land in each State or Territory. Quantity of land belonging to the U. States, to which the In Quantity of land belonging to the U. States, to which the In ACRES. dian title is ex tinguished. dian title is not extinguished. 26,432.000 3,000,000 Mississippi 31,074,234 11,514,517 16,885,760 Indiana ...... 22,459 669 12,308,455 5,335 632 Ohio 24,810,246 4,984,348 409,501 Louisiana ....... 31,463,040 25,364,197 none Illinois 35 941 902 23 575 300 6424640 Michigan Territory (peninsular) 24,939,870 28,899,520 16,393,420 26,770,941 7,378,400 none 39,119,019 35,263,541 none Florida Territory .... Alabama 35,286,760 34,001,226 29,728,300 19,769,679 4,032,640 9,519,066 Territory of Huron lying west of lake Michigan and east of the Mississippi river . . . Great Western Territory, ex tending from the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean . 334,627,486 56,804,854 750,000,000 205,672,698 49,985,639 56,804^34 750,000,000 Add quantity to which the In dian title is extinguished . 1,140,432,330 856,790,473 205,672,698 Total acres belonging to the United States . 1.062,463,171 APPENDIX. 449 V. PUBLIC DEBT. TABLE showing the amount of the Public Debt of the United States, at several periods, from 1791 to 1830, reckoned on the 1st of January of the different years. [Partly from Niles s Register.] 1791 1796 $ 75,169,974 81,642,272 There was some increase of the Debt in each of these six years, ex cept 1794, in which there was a reduction of it. 1799 1801 77,399,909 82,000,167 The Debt was increased in consequence of the military preparations against France, before the year 1801, when Mr. Jefferson s administra 1803 74,731,922 tion commenced. 1804 1809 a5,353,643 56,732,379 The Debt was increased by the purchase of Louisiana, in 1803, for the sum of $15,000,000. Mr. Jefferson s administration ended March 3, 1809. 1810 53,156,532 The Debt was at its lowest amount in 1812, in Mr. Madison s admin 1812 45,035,123 istration, and before the war. 1813 1816 55,907,452 123,016,375 The Debt greatly augmented by the war .-highest amount in 1816. 1817 115,807,805 Mr. Monroe s administration. Rapid reduction of the Debt since 1820 91,015,566 1816, the receipts from the customs, &.c. being large. 1821 89,987,427 1822 93,546,676 The Debt increased in consequence of the purchase of Florida, in 1823 1824 90,375,877 90,269,777 1821, for the sum of $5,000,000; and a diminution in the receipts from the customs, &c. in the years 1820, 1821, &c. Mr. Monroe s administra tion ended in 1825. 1825 83,788,432 1826 81,054,059 1827 73,987,357 Mr. Adams s administration commenced on the 4th of March, 1825, 1828 67,475,622 and ended on the 3d of March, 1829. 1829 58,362,135 1830 48,565,405 General Andrew Jackson s administration began March 4th, 1829. 1831 1832 24,322,235 VI. SLAVES IN THE UNITED STATES. Number of Slaves in the United States, according- to Five Official Enumerations* Slaves, Slaves, Slaves, Slaves, Slaves, 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. - - - . - - . - . o New Hampshire - - 158 - 8 ... o ... ... Vermont .... - - 16 - - ... o ... ... Massachusetts - - - - - - ... ... o ... Rhode Island - - - 948 - 380 , - 108 . . 48 . - 14 Connecticut ... - 2,764 - 951 - . 310 - - 97 - - 23 New York - - - 21,324 20,613 - 15,017 . 10,088 . - 46 New Jersey ... 11,423 12,422 - 10,851 - 7,557 - 2,246 Pennsylvania - - - 3,737 - 1,706 - - 795 - - 211 . -386 Delaware ... - 8,887 - 6,153 - 4,177 - 4,509 - 3,305 Maryland ... 103,036 108,554 - 111,502 . 107,398 - 102,878 Virginia .... 292,627 346,968 . 392,518 . 425,153 . 469,724 North Carolina - - 100,572 133,296 - 168,824 . 205,017 - 246,462 South Carolina - - 107,094 146,151 - 196,365 - 258,475 - 315,665 Georgia .... 29,264 59,699 - 105,218 - 149,656 - 217,470 Alabama .... Mississippi ... !- - 3,489 - 17,088 5 41,879 ) 32,814 - 117,294 - 65,659 T 11 - 34 660 - 69 064 - 109 631 13584 . 44535 . 80 107 - 142382 Kentucky ... 12,430 40,343 - 80,561 - 126,732 . 165,350 Ohio Q 417 Q . - ... o 135 - . 237 . - 190 ... 168 917 - - 746 3011 - 10 222 - 24 990 District of Columbia 5*395 6377 - 6050 . - 24 ... - - 27 1 617 - 4578 Florida Territory - - 15,510 Total - 697,697 896,849 1,191,364 1,538,064 2,010,436 3G 450 APPENDIX, m NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE UNITED STATES 100 YEARS OLD. TABLE showing the number of Persons of the several classes, who were One Hundred Years old and upwards, according to the Census of 1830. States and Territories. White Males. White Females. Sla Males. yes. Females. Free! Males. (lacks. 1 ~ . Females.! TotaL Maine . . . 1 3 . . 1 , 5 New Hampshire 3 6 . . 1 5 15 Vermont . . 3 5 . . 2 4 14 Massachusetts . 1 2 , , 5 4 12 Rhode Island . , , t t 3 3 6 Connecticut . 4 3 . 2 11 20 New York . . 35 18 2 2 22 51 130 New Jersey . 1 2 2 . 4 5 14 Pennsylvania . 37 20 1 9 30 33 130 Delaware . . . 1 3 3 13 18 38 Maryland . . 7 17 50 53 49 86 262 Virginia . . . 23 26 122 143 143 22 479 North Carolina 23 26 92 114 22 27 304 South Carolina 14 19 98 84 19 16 240 Georgia . . . 13 22 106 78 11 6 236 Alabama . . 15 10 30 25 1 6 87 Mississippi . . . 2 23 21 1 , 47 Louisiana . . 9 1 37 39 11 28 125 Tennessee . . 39 27 59 34 7 6 172 Kentucky . . 27 11 45 49 17 17 166 Ohio .... 21 8 , 8 5 42 Indiana . . . 10 2 . t 2 5 19 Illinois . . . 4 1 2 3 1 1 12 Missouri . . 2 2 41 2 2 2 51 Columbia, Dist. 2 . 3 2 3 8 18 Florida, Ter. . 1 t . 1 > 2 Michigan, do. . 1 , , f . t 1 Arkansas, do. . 1 3 1 1 1 7 Total . . . 297 234 717 662 382 359 2,654 By this Table it will be seen that the proportion of "Slacks of 100 years old and up wards greatly exceeds that of the Whites ; but it ihay be remarked that the ages of the Blacks are not generally so well known as those of the Whites ; and that, there fore, the accuracy of the Census, as it respects the ages of this class, is less to be relied on. . RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. Denominations. Minis ters. Ch. or Cong. Commu nicants. Popula- tion. Calvinistic Baptists Methodist Episcopal Church Presbyterians, General Assembly Congregationalists, Orthodox Protestant Episcopal Church - 2,914 1,777 1,801 1,000 558 150 205 200 84 160 350 300 159 200 74 50 4a 30 30 25 23 45 30 15 4,384 2,253 1,270 700 300 1,200 800 400 400 193 400 194 144 75 40 40 30 23 15 28 150 304,827 476,000 182,017 140,000 44,000 25,000 17,408 35,000 16,000 17,888 30,000 15,000 8,000 3.000 3,500 2,000 1,800 2,000 600 2,743.453 2,600,000 1,800,000 1,260,000 600,000 500,000 500,000 400,000 275,000 200,000 200,000 176,000 175,000 150,000 125,000 120,000 100,000 100,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,500 50,000 Roman Catholics ijUtnerans German Reformed Unitarians, Congregationalists Associate and other Methodists ijutcn K stormed Associate Presbyterians Cumberland Presbyterians Free Communion Baptists Seventh-day Baptists Six-Principle Baptists United Brethren, or Moravians Millennia. Church, or Shakers New Jerusalem Church Emancipators, Baptists . Jews, and others not mentioned APPENDIX. 451 IX. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. The following Table shows the number of Members of the House of Representatives and Electors of President, to which each State is entitled under the new apportion ment ; also, the number of Electors at the last election ; the States being arranged according to representative population. States. Reps. Electors, 1832. Electors, 1828. 1 New York* .... 40 28 21 19 13 13 13 12 9 9 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 1 42 30 23 21 15 15 15 14 11 11 10 10 9 8 8 7 7 7 5 5 4 4 4 3 36 28 24 16 15 14 11 15 11 9 11 9 5 8 8 7 8 5 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 Virginia* 4 Ohio* 5 North Carolina* 6 Kentucky* 9 South Carolina! 10 Georgia* 11 Maryland! 12 Maine* 14 New Jersey* 16 Vermont* 17 New Hampshire* 18 Alabama* 19 Louisiana* 20 Illinois* 21 Rhode Island* 22 Missouri* 23 Mississippi* 24 Delaware* Total 240 288 261 * Electors chosen by the people by general ticket, t do. do. by districts. J Electors appointed by the Legislature; South Carolina being the only State where they are not chosen by the people. Required number to constitute an election by the people, 145. X. BRITISH SLAVE COLONIES IN THE WEST INDIES, &c. Chartered Colonies. Whites. Slaves. Free Blacks. _ Governors. Jamaica Bar badoes 15,000 15.000 2,000 800 1,300 1,800 800 860 800 350 500 4,000 5,500 13,500 1,100 300 3,000 600 43,000 8.000 331,000 81,000 30,000 24,500 23,500 19,500 9,000 5,400 14,500 12,700 6,000 9,500 4,050 23..000 13,500 2,450 70,000 21,000 35,000 76,000 40,000 5,000 4,500 3,700 2,900 2,500 1,800 607 3,600 1,200 700 2,800 500 16,000 4,000 2,800 6,000 1,000 29,000 15,100 Earl of Belmont. Sir James Lyon. Sir Patrick Ross. Sir James Campbell. Sir George F. Hill. William Nicolay. William Boothby, Lieut. On. James Bathurst, Lieut. Oov. Nathaniel Blackwell. Sir P. Steward, Lieut. Oov. Sir James Carm. Smyth. Stephen R. Chapman. Leww Grant. Sir Benjamin D Urban. Henry Beard, Lieut. Gm. Sir G. Lowry Cole. Sir Charles Colville. St Christopher s Ye vis Crown Colonies. Trinidad St Lucia Demerara and Essequibo Berbice jSfrica. 3ape of Good Hope 108,150 812,700 143,707 XL BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES. Provinces. Population. Governors. Lower Canada. . . Upper Canada . . . Nova Scotia New Brunswick.. Newfoundland Isl Prince Edward Isl 1831) 1829) 1827) 1824) 511,919 220,897 123,848 74,191 80,000 24,000 Lord Aylnier, Governor General. Sir John Colborne, Lieutenant Governor. Sir Peregrine Maitland, Lieutenant Governor. Sir Archibald Campbell, Lieutenant Governor. Sir Thomas J. Cochrane. Governor. Sir Murray Maxwell, Lieutenant Governor. and 452 APPENDIX. XII. STATEMENT showing the Names and Numbers of the different Tribes of Indians now remaining within the limits of the several States and Territories, and the quantity of Land claimed by them respectively. TRIBES. Number of each Tribe. Number of Acres claimed bv each Tribe. TRIBES. Number of each Tribe. Number of Acres claimed by each Tribe. Maine. St. John s Indians . Passamaquoddies Penobscots . . . 300 379 277 100 92,160 Indiana and Illinois. Pottawatamies and Chippewas . . . 3,900 Massachusetts. Marshpee . . . Herring Pond . . Martha s Vineyard . Troy . . . , . 956 320 40 340 50 92,260 Georgia & Alabama. Creeks . . . Georgia, Alabama, & Tennessee. 20,000 9,537,920 i Alabama, j Rhode Island. Narragansett . . . Connecticut. Mohegan . , . Stonington , . . Groton 750 420 300 50 50 3,000 4,000 300 Cherokees . . . Mississippi and Alabama. Choctaws .... 9,000 21,000 7,272,576 Tennessee. 1,055,060 New York. Senecas . Tuscaroras Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas . Stockbridge Brotherton St. Regis Indians 400 2,325 253 1,096 446 90 273 360 300 4,300 246,675 Mississippi. Chickasaws . . . Florida Territory. Seminoles and Others. Louisiana. Billoxie . Apolashe . Pascagoula ArMaocs 3,625 5,000 ! S 111 97 15,705,000 4,032,640 Virginia. Nottaways . . . South Carolina. Catawbas .... Ohio. Wyandotts Shawanees 5,143 47 450 542 800 246,675 27,000 144,000 163,840 117,615 Yaltasse . Coshattees Caddow . Delawares Choctaws . Shawanees Natchitoches Quapaws . Piankeshaws 36 180 450 51 178 110 25 8 27 Senecas, . Delawares Ottowas . 551 80 377 55,505 5,760 50,581 Missouri. Delawares 1,313 1,800 21,120 Michigan Territory. Wyandscotts . . . Pottawatamies . . 2,350 7 136 393,301 ) Kickapoos . Shawanees Weas . . Ihoways 2,200 1,383 327 1,100 9,600 14,086 Chippewas & Ottawas Menomeenees ." V Winnebagoes . . 18,473 3,900 5,800 [7,057,920 Missouri and Arkan sas Territory. ci * 5,810 44,806 Indiana. 28,316 7,057,920 Usages Piankeshaws . . . 5,200 207 3,491,840 Miami and Eel River Indians . . , , Illinois. Menomeenees , r Kaskaskias . . . 1,073 270 36 10,104,000 [ 5,314,560 Arkansas Territory, Cherokees . . . Quapaws .... Choctaws .... 5,407 6,000 700 3,491,840 4,000,000 8,858,560 Sauks and Foxes . 6,400 ) 6,700 12,858,560 6,706 5,314,560 ""Total .... .29,266 77,402,318 APPENDIX. 453 XIIL COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES, 1830. Commerce of the United States, exhibiting the Value of every description of Im ports from, and Exports to, each Foreign Country, during the year ending 30th September, 1830. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 COUNTRIES. COMMERCE. Value of Imports. Value of Export.. Dome*! ic produce. Foreign produce. Total. Russia 1,621,899 16,605 1,168,110 230,530 5,384 1,665,834 888,408 181,848 286,509 22,755,040 1,382,841 381,333 90,028 1,373,297 168,579 65~0,303 2,300 1,263 1,873,278 6,831,015 891,183 518,687 461,267 543,271 99,878 384,887 5,577,230 1,307,148 165,321 239,652 32,912 33,758 940,254 3,740 132,093 417,392 1,597,140 5,235,241 302,833 1,120,095 1,472 2,491,460 1,431,883 182,585 972,884 40,269 3,878,141 98,451 7,386 394 172,861 20,748 35,461 16,501 181,353 552,700 76,292 1,688,022 3,354,551 63,273 319,495 23,773,020 1,465,211 261,687 513,248 93,731 140 3,650,031 1,549,732 9,183,894 717,252 792,241 5,931 538,956 145,556 19,040 39,129 3,439,060 245,636 43,408 155,719 6,649 50,560 326,239 300,8*59 75,801 714,791 985,764 138,456 316,732 25,132 1,600,999 425,220 915,718 32,400 9,190 156,290 56,318 242,114 16,090 96,867 21,178 28,392 381,114 189,949 37,727 29,048 220,723 675,527 107,293 42,298 826,946 2,488 370,150 553,126 1,761 136,342 725,148 661,925 430,888 13,528 579 61,327 610 54,539 1,477,675 27,523 1,803 12,358 1,524 7,778 414,121 293,261 337,539 108,387 3,851,694 111,662 180,258 5,432 242,239 204,667 620,396 39,402 170 585,903 229,290 5,010 22,653 52,236 6,7~64 24,698 416,575 16,501 371,302 590,427 105,340 1,908,745 4,030,078 170,566 361,793 24,599,966 1,467,699 261,687 883,398 646,857 1,901 3,786,373 2,274,880 9,845,819 1,148,140 805,769 6,510 600,283 145,556 19,650 93,668 4,916,735 273,159 45,211 168,077 8,173 58,338 740,360 594,120 413,340 823,178 4,837,458 250,118 496,990 30,564 1,843.238 629,887 I,536,l"l4 71,802 9,360 742,193 285,608 247,124 38,743 149,103 27,942 53,090 Swedish West Indies Danish West Indies Netherlands . Dutch East Indies Dutch West Indies Scotland Ireland . . . Gibraltar British East Indies British West Indies Newfoundland Other British Colonies Hanse Towns France on the Atlantic France on the Mediterranean French W^est Indies Spain on the Atlantic .... Teneriffe, and other Canaries Manilla, and Philippine islands .... Cuba Other Spanish W^est Indies ..... Madeira . . ... Cape de Verd Islands Italy Sicily Trieste, and other Adriatic ports. . . Rag-usa, and the Seven Islands .... Turkey &c Hay ti Central Republic Brazil Chili Peru . South America, generally China W^est Indies generally East Indies generally Africa generally Cape of Good Hope South Seas Northwest coast of America Total.... 70,876,920 59,462,029 14,387,479 73,849,508 454 APPENDIX. XIV. COMMERCE OF EACH STATE AND TERRITORY. ^ 00 1^5 O^ *O """f ^O CJ O^ ^O CX) t^ ^p CO CO co" oo" c?T t--" 06" i-T (?< i-J oo i-I OJ <M 1 as co oo o oo t . .. erT ^f t^uf S" !gf~ > -""-^^ to o co t Of CO" rH" of SCO CO 00 CO I d O} rH rH o 81 CQ ** s cr ct r-T ^ crT O co _ oj_ CNJ_ rfj. 01, oj. 10. oo" ocT ^" oT >o" ^o* r-i C^lOf^^ <>. CTI or- erf of oo" I ,88| c?" l^ i-H CO CO CO , O5 CO i-H i I O s- O CO 00 00 < of M CO ^O O CO 00 C75 "^ CO CO O ^ d "^ CO O Q5 d O^ CO CO ccojiOTpiooot-Trdi-coiocoas^coc^ l^COTfi OOpCOCirHOOlOJCOOOJ OOO^ IT} rH i-H ** -^ CJ CO t^ IO rH -^ <7J O d rH O rH CO CO i "" r- ct 10 oj co o i i o oo o O5 ! OJi iCTj OJ IO CO CO i I 1 i S. oo.^fs. o. >-toq_ op^aj. t^" t-^" i i t-^" t/f cT 06" to" t^~ o" rH O 0> O CO <M O ICO i-H rH. rH rH CO rH CO O C7i rH Ci 00 i :S^ o" co" rH CO - jfi rf .2 S S H ^^3oS APPENDIX. 455 XV. NAVIGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, 1830. NAVIGATION. A Statement of the Tonnage of American and Foreign Ves sels arriving from, and departing to, each Foreign Country, during the year ending 3Qth September, 1830. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 COUNTRIES. ^ American Tonnage. Forcliu 1 onn|f. Departed from the Ci.>ud Slate.. United States. United Statea. United State*. Russia 13,681 372 15,144 10,406 877 38,767 42,998 662 12,047 199,972 5,784 5,494 3,346 4,806 22,428 452 130,527 396 17,259 79,459 15,406 25,928 16,288 10,920 1,762 2,774 97,644 19,031 12,287 3,212 634 1,253 5,062 1,697 4,332 345 3,668 18,513 22,062 4,560 13,514 68 38,005 6,584 236 304 3,276 394 8,598 1,679 2,288 "l,904 2,730 15,392 3,492 232 3,502 19,960 1,923 52,535 35,220 1,501 11,043 192,714 6,913 4,594 13,450 4,029 2,395 1,523 117,171 510 14,728 82,521 18,967 47,129 106 9,387 3,017 796 458 114,054 8,734 2,243 6,080 244 2,628 6,626 135 4,662 "2,887 19,395 27,295 3,044 5,955 1,042 44,450 9,565 1,373 2,287 732 679 3,501 3,697 7,417 424 911 2,560 580 28,222 522 971,760 264 2,935 965 e oo 793 2~48 61,355 12,560 6,949 275 *4,002 *8,4*88 4,061 205 5,945 122 12,954 625 114 137 "l,633 4,362 "l,0*76 2*48 225 * 141 618 131,901) 264 2,023 984 849 4,515 220 124 58,589 7,707 2,570 14,267 10,262 6,014 1,074 4,325 11,356 489 184 137 " 418 282 1,748 3,551 62 601 116 * 155 * 2*60 " 2*90 Swedish West Indies Danish West Indies Netherlands Dutch East Indies . . . . . . British East Indies .. British \Vest Indies t British American Colonies ....... Other British Colonies France on the Atlantic Spain on the Mediterranean Manilla, and Philippine islands .... Cuba Other Spanish West Indies Cape de Verd Islands Italy Sicily Trieste, and other Adriatic ports. . . Ragusa, and the Seven Islands .... Hay ti Central Republic Colombia ... . Brazil Cisplatine Republic Chili Peru , South America, generally China \Vest Indies generally . . South Seas Northwest coast of America Total..., 133,436 456 APPENDIX. XVI DIFFERENT CLASSES OF INHABITANTS, As ascertained by the Census of the United States for 1830. WHITES. Under 5 years of Age Of 5 and under 10 10 15 15 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 100 and upwards Total Deaf & Dumb.. 5,325 Blind . .3,968 Males. 972,801 781,906 669,617 573,081 956,296 592,401 367,7tU 229,248 135,063 57,760 15,802 2,041 301 Females. 596,130 921,759 750,602 638,756 918,229 555.419 355,979 223,477 131,284 58,327 17,432 2,522 238 FREE BLACKS. Under 10 years of Age Of 10 and under 24 24 " 36 36 " 55 55 100 " 100 and upwards Total Males. 48,656 43,075 27,659 22,267 11,507 279 Females. 47,324 48,131 32,545 24,323 13,423 387 153,443 166,133 SLAVES. Under 10 years of Ag Of 10 and under! 24 : 36 i " 55 " 1( " 100 and upwar Tot Deaf & Dumb . . 750 Blind 1 463 M K >5 )0 3s -il T I < g 1 Males. 353,498 312,567 185,585 118,880 41,545 747 Females. 347,668 308,770 185,784 111,889 41,437 680 5,354,078 The Deaf t arid Blmd- sons are n into Sexes e Populati Blacks 5,170,154 nd Dumb White per- ot divided GENERAL yn. 1,012,822 996,228 lie Colored Deaf and )umb, and Blind are not ivided into Free and Slaves. 3,524,232 319,576 J.009.050 Aliens 106,764 Total Whil Do. Free Do. Slavt Total Popu ABSTRACT. c lation of the United States .12,852,858 XVII. LENGTHS OF THE PRINCIPAL RIVERS IN THE U. STATES. Miles, Missouri and Mississippi 4490 Do. to its junction with the Mississippi 3181 Mississippi proper, to its junction with the Missouri 1600 Do. to the Gulf of Mexico 2910 Arkansas River, a branch of the Mississippi 2170 St. Lawrence River, including the Lakes 2075 Platte River, a branch of the Missouri 1600 Red River, a branch of the Mississippi 1500 Ohio River, Do Do .1372 Columbia River, empties into the Pacific Ocean 1315 Kanzas River, a branch of the Missouri 1200 Yellow-stone, Do Do 1100 Tennessee River, a branch of the Ohio 756 Alabama River, empties into the Gulf of Mexico 575 Cumberland River, a branch of the Ohio 570 Susquehannah River, empties into Chesapeake Bay 460 Illinois River, a branch of the Mississippi 430 Apalachicola River, empties into the Gulf of Mexico 425 St. John s River, New Brunswick, rises in Maine 415 Connecticut River, empties into Long Island Sound 410 Wabash River, a branch of the Ohio 360 Delaware River, empties into the Atlantic Ocean 355 James River, empties into Chesapeake Bay 350 Roanoke River, empties into Albemarle Sound 350 Great Pedee River, empties into the Atlantic Ocean 350 Santee River, Do Do . 340 Potomac River, empties into Chesapeake Bay 335 Hudson River, empties into the Atlantic Ocean 320 Altamaha River, Do Do 300 Savannah River, Do. Do , . , ,290 APPENDIX. 457 XVIIL HEIGHTS OF THE PRINCIPAL MOUNTAINS AND HILLS IN THE UNITED STATES. Feet. 1. Long Peak, the highest of the Rocky Mountains, Missouri Territory 12,000 2. James Peak Do Do 11,500 3. Inferior Peaks of the Rocky Mountains, varying from 10,700 to 7,200 4. Mount Washington, the highest of the White Hills, New Hampshire, 6,234 5. Inferior Peaks of the White Hills, varying from 5,328 to 4,356 6. Moosehillock Mountain, Grafton county, New Hampshire. < 4,636 7. Mansfield or Chin Mountain, Chittenden county, Vermont ; 4,279 8. Camel s Rump Do Do. ; . . . , j 4,188 9. Shrewsbury Peak, Rutland county, Vermont , . * . 4,034 10. Saddleback Mountain, Berkshire county, Massachusetts 4,000 11. Table Mountain, Pendleton district, South Carolina . ; 4,000 12. Peaks of Otter, Bedford county, Virginia .....; 3,955 13. Killington Peak, Rutland county, Vermont 3,924 14. Round-Top, the highest of the Catskill Mountains, New York 3,804 15. High Peak, one of the Do Do 3,718 16. Grand Monadnock, Cheshire county, New Hampshire 3,718 17. Manchester Mountain, Bennington county, Vermont .3,706 18. Ascutney Mountain, Windsor county, Vermont , 3,320 19. Ozark Mountains, Arkansas Territory, average height ; 3,200 20. Wachusett Mountain, or Mount Adams, Worcester county, Massachusetts 2,990 21. Whiteface Mountain, Essex county, New York t ,2,90 22. Kearsarge Mountain, Hillsborough county, New Hampshire ...*. .-2,461 23. Alleghany Mountains, average height *<.<.< :2,400 24. Porcupine Mountains, Chippeway country, south of Lake Superior < , . 2,400 25. Cumberland Mountains, average height , , , . .2,200 26. Moose Mountain, New Hampshire tttt .2,008 27. New Beacon, the highest of the Highlands, New York ,,..;.. .1,658 28. Butter Hill, one tf the. Do Do , .1,529 29. Grigg s Hill, Vermont , < . . .1,507 30. Mars Hill, Washington county, Maine . . .1,504 31. Bull Hill, one of the Highlands, New York ,. < .1,484 32. Old Beacon Do .Do , . . . . .1,471 33. Mauch Chunk Mountain, Northampton county, Pennsylvania. .... A .< V. j .1,460 34. Crows Nest, one of the Highlands, New York ., , , . < 1,418 35. Bare Mountain. Do Do ,.<.,, ...... .1,350 36. Pocono Mountain, Northampton county, Pennsylvania ..<...... .1,300 37. Mount Tom, Hampshire county, Massachusetts *,...< .1,200 38. Blue Ridge, Pennsylvania <*.....:.. t . . 1,200 39. Breakneck Hill, one of the Highlands, New York .1,187 40. Blue Hills, Hartford county, Connecticut ; . . . . .1,000 41. Mount Holyoke, Hampshire county, Massachusetts .-....;.. .990 42. Anthony s Nose, Putnam county, New York ^ ........*.;,.;.. .935 XIX. LENGTHS OF THE PRINCIPAL RAIL-ROADS, (FINISHED OR IN PROGRESS,) IN THE U. STATES. Miles. From Hollidaysburg to JbhristbWil, Penn sylvania 37 Ithaca and Owego, New York 28 Hudson and Berkshire, Massachusetts. . . .25 Elizabethtown and Somerville, New Jersey 25 Lackawaxen ; from Honesdale to Carbon- dale, Pennsylvania .....;.. ; 17 Frenchtbwn and Newcastle Ifi Albany and Schenectady. . ; ........... .15 Philadelphia and Norristown, Pennsyl vania i 15 Richmond and Chesterfield, Virginia 12 Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania 9 Haerlem 8 Quincy, Massachusetts 6 New Orleans 5i Miles. Baltimore and Ohio; from Baltimore to Pittsburg 250 Massachusetts ; from Boston to Albany . . 200 Catskill to Ithaca, head of Cayuga Lake, New York ;....... ..167 Charleston to Hamburg, on the Savannah river 135 Boston to Brattleborough, Vermont 114 Columbia and Philadelphia; from Phila delphia to York, Pennsylvania^ * 96 Lexington and Ohio; from Lexington, Kentucky, to Cincinnati, Ohio .75 Camden and Amboy ; . . . . ; 60 Baltimore and Susquehannah 48 Boston and Providence 43 Baltimore and Washington 38 3H 458 APPENDIX. XX. LENGTHS OF THE PRINCIPAL CANALS, (FINISHED OR IN PRO- GRESS,) IN THE U. STATES. Miles. Erie Canal ; from Albany to Lake Erie 363 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; from Washington City to Pittsburg 341 Grand Pennsylvania Canal ; from Columbia, on the Susquehannah river, to Hollidays- burg, 172 miles thence to Johnstown by a Rail-road of 37 miles, over the Alleghany mountains from thence by Canal to Pittsburg, 104 miles Total 313 Ohio State Canal ; from Portsmouth, on the Ohio river, to Cleveland, on Lake Erie 306 Miami Canal ; from Cincinnati to Maumee Bay, Lake Erie 265 Middle Division, Pennsylvania Canal ; from the mouth of the Juniatta river, along the North Branch of the Susquehannah river, to the southern boundary of New York. . . .204 Delaware and Hudson Canal ; from the Hudson river to the Delaware river, 60 miles joins the Lacka waxen Canal of 36 miles in length at Honesdale connects with a Rail-road of 17 miles, to Carbondale Total 117 Schuylkill Canal and Navigation, from Philadelphia to Port Carbon 110 Morris Canal ; from Jersey City, opposite New York, to Easton, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware river 101 New Orleans and Teche River Canal, from opposite New Orleans to Berwicks Bay, Attakapas 100 Union Canal, commences 4 miles below Reading, on the Schuylkill river thence to Middletown on the Susquehannah river, connecting the Schuylkill Navigation with the Grand Pennsylvania Canal 82 Farmington Canal ; from New Haven to Southwick, 58 miles joins the Hampshire and Hampden Canal of 20 miles, to Northampton, Massachusetts 78 Champlain Canal ; from Albany to Whitehall, Lake Champlain 72 West Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal ; from Northumberland, along the W. Branch of the Susquehannah river, to Bald Eagle creek 68 Savannah and Ogeechee Canal; from Savannah to the Ogeechee river, 16 miles to be connected with the Ogeechee and Altamaha Canal, from the Ogeechee to the Altamaha river, 50 miles Total 66 Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania Canal; from Bristol to Easton, on the Delaware river, 60 Delaware and Raritan Canal ; from Lamberton, on the Delaware river, to New Bruns wick, on the Raritan, 38 miles to be supplied with water by a navigable Feeder of 20 miles, from Eagle Island, on the Delaware, to the main Canal, at Trenton Total 58 Cumberland and Oxford Canal ; from Bridgeton to Portland, Maine (partly natural and partly artificial) 50 Lehigh Canal ; from Easton to Stoddartsville, Pennsylvania 47 > Blackstone Canal ; from Providence, Rhode Island, to Worcester, Massachusetts 45 Oswego Canal, a branch of the Erie Canal ; from Syracuse to Oswego, on Lake Ontario, 38 James River Canal \ from Richmond, Virginia, extending upwards along the north bank of James river ^ 30 Middlesex Canal ; from Merrimack river to Boston harbor 27 Dismal Swamp Canal, connects Chesapeake Bay with Albemarle Sound 22 San tee and Cooper River Canal ; from Santee river to Charleston, South Carolina 22 Cayuga and Seneca Canal ; from Geneva to Montezuma, on the Erie Canal 20 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal; from Delaware City to Chesapeake City connects Delaware river with Chesapeake bay 14 Port Deposit Canal ; from Port Deposit, on the Susquehannah river, to the south bound ary of Pennsylvania - 10 Louisville and Portland Canal, Kentucky 2 [For further statistical tables see pages 23, 24, 25, 26, 41, 42, 43, 44, 157, 158.] APPENDIX. 459 INDEX TO THE STATISTICAL TABLES. Page Population of the different States and Territories, according to five enumerations 23 Total Population, and the number of Slaves in the United States at different periods, with the respective increase 24 The Population of the several States and Territories in 1830; the number of square miles ; the Population to a square mile, and the number of Slaves in 1830 ib. Colleges in the United States 25 Theological Seminaries in the United States 26 Medical Schools in the United States ib. Principal Officers under the Federal Constitution, &c 41 to 44 Table exhibiting the Seats of Government, the times of holding the Election of Stajte Officers, and the time of the meeting of the Legislature of the several States 157 Table exhibiting the Governor s term and salary, the number of Senators and Repre sentatives, with their respective terms and pay, and the mode of choosing Electors of President and Vice President, in the several States 158 Imports, Exports, and Tonnage of each State 447 Compensation to Officers of the Army, &c ib. Inspections of Flour, &c 448 Table showing the whole quantity of Public Land in the different States, &c ib. Table of the Public Debt at different periods. . . 449 Slaves in the United States at five official enumerations ib. Number of persons in the United States 100 years old and upwards 450 Religious denominations ib. Presidential Electors 451 British Slave Colonies in the West Indies, &c ib. British North American Colonies ib. Table of the Tribes of Indians remaining within the United States, and the quantity of Land claimed by them 452 Commerce of the United States, for 1830 453 Commerce of each State and Territory, for 1830 454 Navigation of the United States, for 1830 455 Classification of the Census for 1830 456 Lengths of the principal Rivers in the United States ib. Heights of the principal Mountains in the United States 457 Lengths of the principal Rail-Roads in the United States ib. Lengths of the principal Canals in the United States 458 460 APPENDIX. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON THE TABLES. 1. Which state imports the greatest amount of goods ? 2. Which next! 3. Mention the four next in order. 4. Which state exports the greatest quantity of domestic produce? 5. Which next? 6. Mention the four next in order. 7. Which state exports the most foreign produce? 8. Which two next in order ? 9. Which state has the greatest amount of shipping ? 10. Which next? 11. Can you mention the four next in order ? 12. At what place is there the greatest quantity of flour inspected? 13. What city stands next ? 14. Mention the four next in order. 15. What was the quantity of public land belonging to the United States in 1828 ? 16. At what period was the public debt of the United States the greatest? 17. To what was it reduced on the first of January, 1832 ? 18. What was the number of persons 100 years old and upwards, according to the census of 1830? 19. How many of these were people of color ? 20. Which religious denomination is the most populous? 81. Which next? 22. Can you mention the six next in order ? 33. Which state is entitled to the largest number of representatives in Congress, and how many? 24. Which next, and how many ? 25. Mention the six next in order, and their number. 26. Mention those states that are entitled to but three representatives, 27. Mention those entitled to two. 28. Which state has but one? 29. Mention the six states in order that are entitled to the greatest number of electors for President, and their respective numbers. 30. Can you mention the six next, in the same order? 31. What is the total number of representatives in Congress ? 32. What is the total number of electors for President ? 33. In which states are the electors chosen by general ticket ? 34. In which states by districts? 35. In which state are they chosen by the Legislature ? 36. What tribes of Indians reside in Maine? 37. Massachusetts ? 38. Rhode Isiand? -^39. Connecticut ? 40. New York ? 41. Virginia ? 42. South Carolina ? 43. Ohio ?-r44. Michigan Territory, and so on ? 45. From what country do the United States import the greatest amount of goods 1 46. Which next? 47. Can you mention the six next in order? 48. To what country do the United States export the greatest amount of goods, in* eluding domestic and foreign produce ? 49. Which next ? Mention the six next in order. 50. What was the total amount of imports into the United States in 1830 "* 51. What was the total value of exports during the same year ? APPENDIX, 461 STEAM-BOAT AND CANAL ROUTES. STEAM-BOAT ROUTES. 1. BOSTON TO EASTPORT. State. Distance. Cape Ann Mass. 45 Portsmouth N.H. 36 81 Portland Me. 64 145 Bath " 45 190 Augusta 36 226 Hallowell " 5 231 Gardiner " 3 234 Boothbay 54 288 Owl sHead " 48 336 Belfast 30 366 Castine 12 378 Eastport " 140 518 2. NEW YORK TO BOSTON, Via Providence, R. L Hell, or Hurl-Gate N.Y. 6 Frog Point " 9 15 Sands Point 5 20 Norwalk Island Ct 20 45 Stratford Point 15 60 New Haven Light-House ... " 13 73 Faulkner s Island 14 87 Saybrook Light-house, mouth of Connecticut river " Off New London " Fisher s Island, west end .... " Watch Hill Light-House .... " Point Judith R. I. Brenton s Point " Newport " Prudence Island, south end . . " Canonicut Point " Pawtucket river " Providence " " Pawtucket Falls " Attleborough Mass. Foxborough " Walpole Dedham " ^ Boston 3. NEW YORK TO BOSTON, Via Norwich, Ct. Connecticut ri ver, as in No. 2. Ct Mouth of Thames river New London .Gales s Ferry Norwich Landing Jewitt s City Plainfield... Sterling Scituate R. I. Johnson Providence ^ Boston, as No. 2 Mass. 4. NEW YORK TO BOSTON, Via Hartford, Ct. Mouth of Connecticut river, as before Ct Saybrook " Lyme " Haddam " Middletown " Wethersfield " Hartford "Vernon " Tolland " Ashford " x Pomfret CQ Thompson " .Douglas.. Mass. 16 103 14 117 1 118 21 139 9 148 10 158 2 160 6 166 9 175 5 180 6 186 4 190 8 198 6 204 2 206 11 217 10 227 103 14 117 4 121 5 126 9 135 8 143 7 150 4 154 11 165 7 172 8 180 41 221 103 2 105 5 110 10 120 12 132 11 143 5 148 11 159 7 166 10 176 12 188 8 196 11 107 State. Distance. ^ fMendon Mass. 12 219 g 1 Medway 13 232 rl Dedham 12 244 PQ ( Boston 10 254 5. NEW YORK TO BOSTON, Via New Haven and Hartford. New Haven Light-house, as before Ct 73 New Haven " 4 77 Wallingford 12 89 Meriden " 5 94 Berlin... " 7 101 10 111 Boston, as before Mass. 106 217 Hartford, 6. NEW YORK TO NEW HAVEN, Via Norwalk, Fairfield, See. Hurl-Gate N.Y. 6 Sawpits Horseneck Ct. Stamford " Norwalk " ISagatuck Fairfield Bridgeport ^ Stratford * Milford * New Haven.. e 28 34 4 38 6 44 11 55 58 63 67 71 79 3 4 4 4 10 85 7. NEW YORK TO ALBANY. Manhattanville N.Y. FortLee " Fort Washington " Fort Independence " Phillipstown " Tarrytown " Singsing " Haverstraw " Stony Point " FortFayette " St. Anthony s Nose " West Point " Cold Spring " New Windsor " Fishkill Ne wburg " New Hamburg " Milton " Poughkeepsie " Hyde Park " Pelham " Esopus Landing " Rhinebeck Landing " Redhook Lower Landing. ... " Do. Upper do " Clermont " Catskill Hudson " Coxsackie " Kinderhook Landing " New Baltimore " Coeymans " Schodac Landing " Overslaugh " Albany " 8 10 11 13 17 27 33 36 3J 39J 1 40 3 5 453 7 52) 31 56 4 60 60| 6lJ 68 72 76 81 3 841 i 91 7 98 3 101 2 103 9 112 5| 117J 11 1261 3 130 2 132 3 135 7 142 3 145 8. PHILADELPHIA TO NEW YORK, Via Trenton, N. J. Bridesburg Pa. 6 Burlington N.J. 12 18 Bristol Pa. 1 19 Bordentown N.J 10 29 Trenton " 7 36 462 APPENDIX. State. Distance. *( Princeton.:. N.J. 11 47 5 < Kingston " 50 6 I New Brunswick " 12 62 Amboy " 13 75 Elizabethtown Point " 13 88 TheKills N.Y. 5 93 New York " 5 98 9. PHILADELPHIA TO NEW YORK, Via Bordentown, %c. Bordentown N.J. 29 -; r Centreville " 10 39 I^Hightstown " 4 43 *( Cranberry " 3 46 Washington " 9 55 Amboy " 11 66 New York N.Y. 23 89 10. PHILADELPHIA TO BALTIMORE, Via Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. FortMifflin Pa. 8 Lazaretto " 5 Chester " 5 18 Marcus Hook " Christiana creek Del. Newcastle Delaware City " 10 45 a (St. George s I ] Summit Bridge " 6 55 ( Chesapeake City Md. 4 59 Mouth of Back creek " 3 62 Turkey Point " 8 70 Grove Point " 6 76 Pool s Island " 16 92 Miller s Island " 8 100 NorthPoint " 8 108 Sparrow s Point " 4 112 FortM Henry " 6 118 Baltimore " 3.121 11. PHILADELPHIA TO BALTIMORE. Via Newcastle and Frenchtwon Rail Road. Newcastle Del. 35 Frenchtown, by the Rail Road Md. 16 51 Turkey Point " 13 64 Baltimore " 51 115 12. BALTIMORE TO NORFOLK, FortM Henry Md, Sparrow s Point " NorthPoint " Bodkin Point " Stony Point " SandyPoint " Thomas Point " Three Sisters " Herring Bay " Sharp s Island " Cove Point " Drum Point, mouth of Patux- ent river " Cedar Point " Point Lookout, mouth of the Potomac Va. Smith s Point " Windmill Point, mouth of the Rappahannock " Gwynn s Island " Point No-Point " New Point Comfort " Back River Point " Old Point Comfort " Fort Calhoun " Craney Island " Norfolk.. 6 9 4 13 4 17 4 21 6 27 10 37 6 43 20 79 6 85 4 89 17 106 11 117 21 138 7 145 6 151 9 160 12 172 10 182 1 183 8 191 6 197 13. BALTIMORE TO RICHMOND. To Norfolk, as before Va. 1 97 Craney Island " 6 203 Newport News 9 212 State. Dietanre. Tindrel s Shoals Va 8 220 Bun-ill s Bay 7 227 Jamestown Island 12 239 Dancing Point " 9 248 Tree Point " 6 254 Windmill Point " 9 263 Harrison s Point " 6 269 City Point " 5 274 Shurley Ferry " 2 276 Osborn " 10 286 Warwick " 20 306 Richmond " 7 313 14. WASHINGTON TO NORFOLK. Alexandria D. C. 5 Mount Vernon Va. 9 14 Crane Island " 12 26 SandyPoint Md. 8 34 Boyd sHole Va. 18 52 Mathias Point " 8 60 CedarPoint Md. 7 67 Off Pope s creek, Washing ton s birth-place Va. 4 71 Blackstone s Island Md. 15 86 Piney Point " 12 98 Roger Point Va. 16 114 Smith s Point, mouth of the Potomac " 5 119 Norfolk " 87 206 15. WASHINGTON TO RICHMOND. To Norfolk, as before Va. 206 Richmond do " 116 322 16. CHARLESTON TO SAVANNAH. Sullivan s Island S. C. 5 Coffin Land Light-house .... " 8 13 Stono river " 9 22 N. Edisto river " 14 36 St. Helena Sound . . " 10 46 Port Royal Entrance " 26 72 Calibogue Sound " 15 87 Tybee Light-house Geo. 6 93 Savannah " 15 108 17. SAVANNAH TO AUGUSTA. Onslow Island Geo. 7 Purisburg S.C. 11 18 Ebenezer Geo. 10 28 Sisters Ferry " 12 40 Hudson s Ferry " 13 53 Briar C " 12 65 Burton s Ferry " 14 79 Dog Ferry.... 25 104 Gray s Landing S.C. 14 118 Walloon s Ferry Geo. 18 136 Augusta " 4 140 18. MOBILE TO MONTGOMERY. Florida Al. 33 Alabama river " 4 37 FortMims 9 46 Little river " 13 59 Claiborne 38 97 Black s Bluff " 29 126 Blacksville " 14 140 Prairie Bluff 30 170 Canton 12 182 Portland 20 202 Red Bluff 7 209 Cahawba " 20 229 Selma " 17 246 Vernon 46 292 Washington 15 307 Montgomery " 13 320 19. PlTTSBURG TO NEW ORLEANS. Middletown Pa. 11 Economy " 8 19 Beaver... 10 APPENDIX. Georgetown ,, Wellsville ... Steubenville.. Wellsburg... Warren . . . . Wheeling ... Elizabeth town Sistersville .. Newport ..... Marietta Vienna Parkersbu Belpre and Troy Belleville Letart s Rapids Point Pleasant Gallipolis Guyandot Burlington Greensburg Concord Portsmouth Alexandria Vanceburg Manchester , Maysville, Ken. and Aberdeen Charleston Ripley Augusta Neville Moscow Point Pleasant New Richmond Columbia Cincinnati, Ohio, and Coving- ton and Newport North Bend Lawrenceburg Aurora Petersburg Bellevue Rising Sun Fredericksburg Vevay, In. and Ghent Port William Madison New London Bethlehem Westport Transylvania Louisville, Ken. and Jeffer- sonville Falls of Ohio, Shippingsport . Clarksville Portland, Ken. and New Al bany Salt river Northampton. .., Leavenworth Fredonia Stephensport, Ken. and Rome Troy Rockport Owenborough Evansville Henderson Mount Vernon Carthage Wabash river Raleigh Shawneetown Battery Rock Cave-in-Rock . . . . Kirksville Golconda Smithland, mouth of the Cum berland river State. Pa. Ohio Va. Ohio Va. Ohio .".*". .*.". . Va. rhasset s I. Ohio I. ."."!. ! Va. .*.". .". .*. Va. Ohio Va. Ohio Ken. .. Ohio Ken. Ohio Ohio Ken. Ohio Ken. Ohio Ken. Ohio In. Ken. In. Ken. In. Ken. In. Ken. In. In. Ken. In. In. Ken. In. Ken. In. Ken. II. Ken. 11. DUtance. 13 42 7 49 20 69 7 76 6 82 10 92 11 103 34 137 27 164 14 178 6 184 5 189 4 193 10 203 7 210 37 247 27 274 4 278 27 305 10 315 19 334 12 346 7 353 2 355 18 373 16 389 11 400 4 404 6 410 8 418 7 425 7 432 4 436 7 443 15 458 8 466 15 481 8 489 2 491 2 493 8 501 2 503 18 521 11 532 8 540 15 555 12 567 8 575 7 582 15 597 12 609 2 611 1 612 2 614 22 636 18 654 17 671 2 673 32 705 25 730 16 746 12 758 36 794 12 806 28 834 12 846 7 853 5 858 6 864 11 875 10 885 5 890 15 905 Ken, 10 915 Paducah, mouth of the Ten nessee river Belgrade America Trinity Junction of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers Beckwiths Columbia Mill s Point Hickmanton New Madrid Riddle s Point Little Prairie Fulton Randolph Greenock Memphis St. Francis river Helena White river Arkansas river Villemont Princeton Sparta Mouth of the Yazoo river. . . Vicksburg Warrenton Palmyra Point Pleasant Rockport Bruinsburg Rodney Natchez Fort Adams Red river Atchafalaya river Tunica Bend St. Francisville and Point Coupee Baton Rouge Bayou Plaquemines St. Gabriel s Church Donaldsonville Gen. Hampton Bringiers Cantrel s Churches Bonnet Quatre Church Red Church New Orleans Ken II. Mo. Ken. Mo, Ten. A.T. Ten. A.T. Mi. La. Mi. La. Mi. La. 463 13 928 6 934 28 962 6 968 4 972 12 984 6 990 16 1006 10 1016 22 1038 20 1058 28 1086 51 1137 21 1158 37 1195 10 1205 72 1277 12 1289 60 1349 10 1359 50 1409 70 1479 82 1561 3 1564 12 1576 11 1587 7 1594 9 160? 13 1616 14 1630 7 1637 45 1682 56 1738 14 1752 3 1755 27 1782 23 1805 34 1839 20 1859 7 1866 21 1887 8 1895 6 1901 6 1907 31 1938 18 1956 21 1977 NEW ORLEANS TO ST. Louis. Mouth of the Ohio river .... Elk Island Dogtooth Island English Island Cape Girardeau Bainbridge, Mo. and Ham burg Muddy Creek Lacouses Island Mary s Creek Kaskaskia river River au Vases St. Genevieve Fort Chartres Rush Island Herculaneum Harrison Marrameck river Carondolet St, Louis 1005 8 1013 8 1021 14 1035 Mo. 11 1046 II. 10 1056 15 1071 16 1087 II. 9 1096 6 1102 Mo. 10 1112 9 1121 II. 10 1131 10 1141 Mo. 10 1151 II. 1 1152 Mo. 10 1162 12 1174 7 1181 21. NEW ORLEANS TO FLORENCE, AL. Mouth of the Ohio river .... 1005 Trinity II. 41009 America, Belgrade 6 1015 28 1043 464 APPENDIX, Diitan Paducah, mouth of the Ten nessee river Ken. 61049 Dunal sFerry " 371086 Ford s Ferry Ten. 291115 Petersville 5 1120 Reynoldsburg 36 1156 Duck river 18 1174 Perryville 24 1198 Carrollville 27 1225 Coffee 261251 Savannah 91260 Waterloo Al. 251285 Bear creek 121297 Colbert s Ferry 141311 Florence 24 1335 22. NEW ORLEANS TO NASHVILLE. Mouth of the Ohio river 1005 America II. 101015 Belgrade " 281043 Paducah Ken. Smithland, mouth of the Cum berland river " 61049 Eddyville " 56 1105 Canton " 20 1125 Dover Ten. 30 1155 Palmyra " 311186 Redriver " 61192 Harpethriver " 201212 Nashville " 401252 23. NEW ORLEANS TO NATCHITOCHES. Donaldsville La. 90 Baton Rouge " 48 Mouth of Red river " 87 Black river " 28 Bayou Saline " 20 Alexandria " 56 Regolet de Bondieu " 18 Bayou Cane " 36 Natchitoches " 24 138 225 253 273 329 347 383 407 24. NEW ORLEANS TO MOBILE. Lake Ponchartrain La. 5 Point Aux Herbes " 20 LakeBorgne " 19 Malhereux Islands " 10 Isles Santa Marie " 15 Cat Island " 10 Ship Island " 6 Round Island " 7 Pascagoula Bay Mi. 9 Mobile, by land Al. 45 25 44 54 69 79 85 92 101 146 25. NEW ORLEANS TO THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. Fort St. Leon and Woodville. La. 19 Gentility " 13 32 Garrets " 4 36 Plaquemines " 6 42 Point La Hache " 4 46 Fort Jackson " 23 69 Fort St. Philip " 4 73 Fork of South Pass " 25 98 Fork of Pass a la Loutre " 6 104 Balize " 5 109 Frank s Island Light-house, and mouth of the Mississippi " 5 114 26. ST. Louis TO FRANKLIN AND KANZAS RIVER. Choteau Island Mo. 10 Missouri river " 7 17 Belle Fontaine " 4 21 SiouxPortage " 7 28 StCharles " 12 40 Femme Osage river " 17 57 Point Lookoff " 9 66 Marthasville " 14 80 Newport " 6 86 Pinkney " 7 93 Loutre Island . "9 102 Gasconade river Osage river - - . . Jefferson City Marion .. ... Roche river Boonville . Franklin .,, ,.... River d la Mine.. *,.. Chariton .. ... . Jefferson Grand river ............... Wyaconda river Lexington Bluffton Fort Osage Liberty Landing Mouth of Kanzas river 27. ST. Louis TO GALENA. Choteau Island Missouri river Upper Alton II. Illinois river " Gilead " Clarksville Mo. Louisiana " Saverton " Hannibal " River Fabius " Wyaconda " Fort Edwards II. River des Moines Mo. Head of the Rapids Henderson s river II. Pope s river " Fort Armstrong on Rock Il. . ** Fever river " Galena " 12 114 31 M5- 9 154 17 171 9 180 23 203 1 204 7 211 24 235 7 242 19 261 13 274 37 311 18 329 12 342 18 360 15 375 30. BUFFALO TO CLEVELAND Sturgeon Point N.Y. Cataraugus " Dunkirk " Portland " Burgett s Town Pa. Erie " Fairview " Ashtabula Ohio Fairport Cleveland " 31. CLEVELAND TO DETROIT. Sandusky Ohio Cunningham s Island " North Bass Island " Middle Sister Island " Amherstburg U. C. Fighting Island " Detroit, M.T. 17 24- 38 87 10 7 7 14 49 o Qfy 12 10& 17 125 7 132 14 146 15 161 13 174 9 183 13 1% 38 234 17 251 47 298 42 340 8 348 28. GALENA TO PRAIRIE DU CHIEN. Mississippi river 8 Galena river Mo.T. 15 23 TetedeMortC " 9 32 Grant river M.T. 9 41 Cassville " 8 49 Ouisconsin river " 30 79 Prairie du Chien " 2 81 29. ST. Louis TO PEKIN, IL. Choteau Island Mo. Missouri river " Upper Alton II. Illinois river " Monroe " Macaupin creek " Mauvaise Terre C " Beard sTown ,. " Sangampin river " Spoon river " Pekin " 10 7 17 7 24 14 38 7 45 10 55 47 102 15 117 16 133 20 153 27 180 16 10 26 13 39 18 57 18 75 17 92 11 103 28 131 32 163 30 19J 54 12 66- 10 76 10 86 20 106 6 112 12 124 APPENDIX. 465 CANAL ROUTES. 32. ERIE CANAL. . - * State. Diitince. Albany - N.V. Atefe. N.Y. rn, via Ohio 44 41 44 14 41 VIGA*TIO Pa, u L.PA. Pa. 14 M u CANAL. Pa. it u u ^ 44 M 41 Distance. 5 53 7 60 6 66 6 72! Mo Canal 22 12 34 4 38 5 43 11 54 11 65 6 71 8 79 3 82 7 89 4 93 22 115 17 132 26 158 13 171 JO 181 5 186 11 197 18 215 8 223 9 232 23 255 25 280 14 294 13 307 V. 8 9 17 13 30 14 44 4 48 6 54 10 64 23 87 4 91 12 103 5 108 2 110 15* 19J 111 31 4 35 9 44 3 47 3 50 4J 54i 18 72J n 82 3 8 11 17 28 3 31 9 40 7 47 8 55 17 72 17 89 13 102 14 116 11 127 7 134 8 142 23 165 3 168 37 205 34 239 17 256 12 268 15 283 2 285 28 313 Whitehall . West Troy 44 7 2 21 16 7 4 9 3 3 16 7 2 3 10 4 3 8 7 6 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 3 6 2 6 1 5 6 6 2 6 11 9 6 1 3 5 11 2 6 10 10 2 3 5 5 2 8 4 5 1 6 12 7 12 8 3 7 2 2 8 4 3 9 2 3 8 7 7 30 46 53 57 66 69 72 88 95 97 100 110 114 117 125 132 138 141 144 146 150 154 158 162 165 171 173 179 180 185 191 197 198 200 206 217 226 232 233 236 241 252 254 260 270 280 282 285 290 295 297 305 309 314 315 321 333 340 352 360 363 9 11 19 23 26 35 37 40 48 34. CLEVELAND TO PORTSMOU Cuyahoga Aqueduct Junction ..... . 4, Schenectady ii Old! Portage 44 Schoharie creek < New Portage ... . < Clinton 44 44 Bethlehem . . ii Bolivar Little Falls M Zoar 44 Dover .... . . it New Philadelphia Frankfort 44 New Comers Town M Coshocton .. . . \Vhitesborough u Irville Oriskany tt Newark Rome a Hebron M Licking Summit Loomis a Lancaster Canaan Oneida creek ... . Columbus side-cut . . . Lenox Basin M Bloomfield 44 Circleville New Boston 44 Chillicothe . . . Chitteningo Piketon Kirkville (I Lucasville ................ 44 Orville 35. SCHUYLKILL NA Manayunk Syracuse . ... 44 Geddesburg , 41 Norristown .. 44 Camillus 44 Pottstown Canton 44 Unionville 44 Weed s Port 44 Reading .......4.... Centre Port (4 Hamburg Port Byron H Port Clinton Lake port 44 Schuylkill Haven . . . Clyde 44 Pottsville Lyons .... Port Carbon Lockville .- 44 36. UNION CANA Reading . ........ 4, Port Gibson 11 Bernville Palmyra 44 Stouche s Town Fair Port Myer s Town 44 Lebanon Pittsford 44 Tunnel tt Water-Works tt Swatara Aqueduct Ogden (I Adams (4 - Middletown * Brockport 37. PENNSYLVANIA Marietta Holley Murray H Bainbridge Albion u Middle Town Portville tt High Spire Town Oak Orchard 44 Medina . . 44 M Allister s Town Middleport ft Juniatta river Lockport Millerstown Pendleton H Mifflin Tonnewanta ... . t( Black Rock tt Buffalo tt 33. CHAMPLAIN CANAL. Albany N V West Troy. u Junction . . .... 44 Frankstown Waterford It Hollidaysburg, by rail-road, to John s Town 44 Stillwater 44 Blairsville < . . M < Guard Gates 4, Allegheny river Fort Miller Freeport c Edward 31 466 APPENDIX, LIST OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL ROADS. Washington to Baltimore, Philadel phia, Trenton, JVezo York, JVcio Jfaven,Hartford,Providence, JVeto- port, Boston, Portsmouth, Port land, Eastport, and Bangor. To Bladensburg, Md Miles 6 VansviHe 8 14 Baltimore 25 39 Joppa Cross Roads > . - . 18 57 Harford 63 Havre de Grace - 11 74 North- East, P. O ....10 85 Elkton 6 91 Christiana, Del 10 101 Newport 5 106 Wilmington 4 110 Naaman s Creek 7 117 Chester, Pa 5 122 Darby 8 130 Philadelphia 7 137 Frankford 5 142 Holmesburg 5 147 Bristol 10 157 Morrisville 10 167 Trenton, N. J 1 168 Princeton 10 178 New Brunswick 16 194 Bridgetown 12 206 Elizabethtown 5 211 Newark 6 21 JVcto York, N.sY 9 226 Harlem 8 234 West Farms 4 New Rochelle. 7 245 Rye 8253 Greenwich, Ct 5 258 Stamford 5 263 Norwalk 9 272 Saugatuck 3 275 Fairfield 6 281 Bridgeport 4 285 Stratford 4 289 Mi ford 4 JVewIIaven 10 303 Meriden 17 32( Berlin 7 327 Hartford 10 33 East Hartford 3 340 Tolland 14 354 Stafford Pool 7 36 Sturbridge, Mass 15 376 Charlton 6 382 Worcester 13 395 Westborough 9 404 Framingham 11 415 Newton 11 42G Roxbury 6 432 Boston 2434 By Pomfret. artford, Ct 337 oventry 15 352 lansfield 6 358 ^shford 8 366 omfret 11 37 hompson 6 383 )ouglass, Mass 8 391 Jxbridge 5 396 Mendon 6 402 ellingham 6 408 Medway 6 414 Vledfield 5 419 )edham 6 425 Boston 10 435 Road by Hartford resumed. Boston, Mass 43- harlestown 1 435 ynn 8 443 alem 5 448 everly 2 450 Venham 4 454 Hamilton 2 45( pswich 4 46C iowley 4 Newburyport 8 472 By Springfield. Hartford, Ct Windsor 734 Suffield, Mass 10 Springfield 11 36, Palmer 16 37 Western 8 37 Brookfield 6 38 Spencer 7 39 Leicester 5 40 Worcester 6 41 Boston . .3945 By Providence. New Haven 30 Branford . ....7 31 Guilford 9 31 Killingworth 9 32* Saybrook 9 33 Lyme 4 34 JVew London ,16 35 Norwich 14 37 Jewett sCity... 8 37 Plainfield - 7 38 Scituate, R. 1 15 40 Providence 15 41 awtucket Falls 4 420 harlestown ttleborough, Mass 8 428 Valpole 8 436 edham 11 447 oston 10457 ...9 484 st 496 st Jfewburyport to Eastport. Weicburyport Merrimack Bridge 3 4 Hampton, N. H 9 4 Greenland 7 49 ^ortsmouth. 5 York, Me 9 50 tennebunk 18 52, iaco 10 53 ortland 15 54 North Yarmouth 12 56C Freeport 7 56 Brunswick 9 57 Bath 758 Woolwich 5 588 .Viscasset 8 57 AIna 5 58 Newcastle 6 58 Waldoborough 12 Warren 7 61 Thomaston 5 62 Camden 10 63 anaan 7 Northport 5 64 Belfast rospect Landing 6 65 -csport 1266 hill 17 68 869 Ellsworth Trenton 6 70 Sullivan 6 71 Goldsborough 7 71 steuben Columbia 20 74 Jonesborough Machias-bridge 9 76 Machias, E. Falls 6 77 Eastport 30 80 337 Bucks Bluel 354 Surrey Washington to Dartmouth College Springfield, Mass 36 Northa npton 18 37 Hatfie 1 5 37 Deerfield 12 39 Greenfield 4 39 Athol Hinsdale 11 40 Brattleborough, Vt. 9 4 Putney 9 42. Westminster 10 43 Walpole .* 1 43 Athol 12 440 Veathersfield 8 454 Vindsor 9 463 artford 14 477 anover, Dartmouth College 4 481 jston to Concord, Dartmouth Col lege, JV. H. ; Montpelier, Burling ton, Vt. ; Montreal and Quebec. ledford, Mass .... 4 toneham 5 9 .eading..... ..3 12 mdover 8 20 alem, N. H ..10 31 Londonderry 6 37 Chester 11 48 Concord 15 63 ioscawen ....9 72 alisbury 6 78 Andover 8 86 nfield 18 104 lanover, Dartmouth College 12 116 Norwich, Vt 1 117 Strafford 11 128 Chelsea 10 138 Orange 10 148 Barre 6 154 Montpclier 6 160 Middlesex 6 166 .Vaterbury 6 172 Bolton 8 18O Richmond 5 185 Williston 5 190 Burlington 8 198 Colchester 6 204 472 Milton 8 212 Georgia 8 220 St. Albans 4224 Swanton 9 233 .Johns 34 267 La Prairie 18 235 Montreal 9 294 St. Sulpice .35 329 Bertnier .30 359 Trois Rivieres 41 400 St. Ann s 24 424 St. Augustine 40 464 Quebec Boston to Albany. Eloxbury Vewton 7 Framingham 12 Westborough 9 Worcester 9 Leicester 6 5 Brookfield 7 Western 6 Belchertown 14 Northampton 16 Chesterfield 14 Hinsdale 17 9 New Lebanon Springs, N. Y. .7 Stephentown 9 Schoodic 11 9 638 Spencer. 6 698pittsfield. .9 726 Albany 30 39 45 50 57 tiS 77 3 107 124 m 340 149 160 Boston to Greenfield and Brattle- borough. Lexington 10 Concord 6 16 Stow 8 24 Bolton 7 31 Lancaster 4 35 Leominster 7 42 Westminster 10 52 Templeton 8 60 8 68 Montague 25 83 Greenfield 7 90 Boston to Brattleborough. 63 APPENDIX. 467 Winchester 7 84 1 Madison 30 641 Hinsdale 5 89 J fl Mimville . 35 676 efferson 40 716 Vashville 25 741 uffalo 40 293 Washington to Richmond, Raleigh, ] Columbia, Milledgeville, Fort Stod- ] dart, Mobile, and New Orleans. ranklin 18 759 On Lake Erie. r i e JOG 392 )uck river ....34 793 Vl Intoshville Mis 77 939 Occoquan Va 16 23 1 -luntston ... . 220 1160 leveland. -. 30 492 Dumfries 10 33 Washington 14 1174 Aquia 9 42 1 Vatchez 6 1180 Maiden ... 90 639 Stafford 5 47 Homochitto river 20 1200 Fredericksburg 11 58 Amite river 39 1239 Albany to Buffalo by Cherry Galley. Vileboroueh . 14 72 *t HpJon.i r. H 9Q 19fi Bowline Green 8 80 Springfield. . 10 1278 White Chimnies 13 93JMaHiHnnviiio . OQ iin? Hanover C H ....10 103 Fort St John 23 1330 choharie ... 10 30 Richmond 20 23 Manchester 2 125 Petersburg -21 146 Pittsburg to New Orleans, by water. Mouth of the Ohio 949 New Madrid 65 1014 First Bluff . . 70 1080 herry Valley 6 2 Hillups 9 155 nringfield 6 58 Harrisville - -.23 178 Richfield 10 68 Litchfield 7 75 Gholson s 21 199 Warrenton N C .... 31 230 JLewisburg 25 255 Fort Pickering 63 1143 Raleigh 32 287 Averysborough .-35 322 St. Francis river 60 1203 White river 78 1281 Madison 7 94 Fayettcville ... .25 347 Arkansaw river 14 1295 Winfield S C 64 411 Louisiana boundary 102 1397 Manlius ... 8 120 Buffalo as above 155 275 Camden 52 471 Walnut Hills 14 1496 Columbia, .... 35 500 Natchez 117 1613 Buffalo to Pittsburg. Eighteen Mile Creek 18 Edge field C H 56 56 lugusta * 24 586 Red river 18 169 Saundersville . . .24 650 Baton Rou^e 33 179 Waterford 15 113 Millcdgemlle Q 4 674 Donaldsonville 57 1854 New Orleans 83 193 Meadville 23 136 Fort Hawkins 31 705 Coweta 45 780 English Turn 11 194 Pittsburg 71 22 Point Comfort 56 836 Fort St Leon 5 195 Washington to Harrisburg, and thence to Buffalo. Alabama river 149 985 Gentilly 10 196 Fort Stoddart 20 1005 Fort St. Philip 44 200 Balize 33 204 Washington to Albany -and Mantrea New York city 226 Mobile, by water 40 1045 Shieldsborough 107 1152 Montgomery, C. H. Md 12 14 Washington to Charleston, Savan nah, and St. Mary s. Fayetteville 347 Lumberton 3 380 Peekskill 31 26 Fishkill 20 28 Poughkeepsie 12 29 Gettysburg Pa 9 74 Carlisle... . 27 101 Harrisburg 18 119 Pedee river S C 60 440 Rhinebeck 6 31 Halifax 19 138 Hudson 37 34 Sunbury 37 175 Kinderhook 10 35 Charleston 45 543 Albany 30 38 Witerford 11 39 Milton 11 188 Muncey 16 204 Pocotaligo 31 607 Stillwater 9 40 Williamsport 11 215 Coosawhatchie 6 613 Saratoga 15 42 Fort Edward 12 43 Tioga..... 65 280 Lindleystown N V 10 290 BryanC.H IK 672 Whitehall 25 46 Burlington, Vt. on the lake 70 53 Plattburg 20 55C Painted Post * 12 30** g atn is 320 Riceborough 5 689 Danville 27 347 Leicester > 17 364 Montreal 21 63 Batavia 25 389 Albany to Buffalo, Sandusky, an Detroit. Buffalo 40 429 St Mary s 24 T^C Washington to Pittsburg and Erie. Fredericktown, as above 42 Washington to New Orleans, bi Knoxville. Manheim 6 5 Hagerstown 12 69 I ittle Falls * 11 6 Messersburg Pa 16 85 OrnncrpP Tt 20 IK M Connelsburg 10 95 Utica * 16 9 Crosing Juniatta 14 309 ltT^r IJoi-tlXv/J A. Of Bloody Run 6 115 Bedford 8 123 Brownsbure w SO^* 31111 " " - Q "i Alle^hany Mt 23 146 Lexington 13 21* JManlins 11 12 > jarnpsville 7 13^ Somerset ... 16 162 Greensburg 36 198 Fincastlp 26 25 Pittsburg 30 228 Christiansburg 50 30* Wvthe C H 38 34( } Marcellu** -10 15^ Franklin 70 208 Meadville 25 323 Waterford 25 348 Blountsville, Ten 24 421 Erie 15 363 Washington to Detroit. ilPifthnr<f ... , 298 Rogersville 25 47 Rutledge 34 50 I Geneva 13 19 -. f TTn>i.]->;,rll l Ifi 901 Knoxville 33 538 Bloomfield 1 218 Beavertown 30 253 Kingston.. ...43 581 Lima 5 S23,New Lisbon 30 288 468 APPENDIX. 505 M Cuyahoga river 56 444 Chillicothe Cleveland 36 Sandusky 57 437 West Union FortMeigs 30 46 Frenchtown 38 Brownstown 18 523 Detroit 18 54 Philadelphia to Pittsburg. Buck Tavern Downingstown 21 Gap Hill ,....9 Lancaster ... 23 Elizabethtown 18 Middletown 3 Harrisburg .9 Carlisle 16 11 Shippensburg. .. ... Chambersburg 10 Loudon 13 M Connelsburg 8 Pittsburg 133 .60 417 Chester ?i .19 436 Naaman s creek, Del 5 .38 474 Wilmington 7 Ohio river 16 490 Newcastle 5 aysville, or Limestone, St. George s town 10 Ken 1 491 Cantwell s 9 By Oallipolis. Duck creek 11 Marietta 317 Dover 12 Belpre 15 332 Fredericka 12 Troy 11 343 Milford 7 Lading Creek 24 367 Clowes 13 39Fairhaven 11 378 Georgetown 8 114 62 Gallipolis . Portsmouth 44 426Trap,Md 11 144 88Alexandria 2 428SnowhiIl 20 164 ..21 449 Horntown, Va 16 180 97 Preston . .20 1ST Philadelphia to Baltimore, by Lan Shelbyville caster. Lancaster Columbia..,., 10 York ....,,.,... 12 Baltimore 48 132 Vi Baltimore to Pittsburg. Hookstown Reislertown 12 Westminster..., 11 31 Taney town 14 Messersburg 43 Pittsburg, as above 142 330 est. 20 St. Washington to Chillicothe, Frank fort, Vtncennes, Kaskaskia, St Louis, and St. Charles, by Pitts burg. Pittsburg 229 Canonsburg 18 247 Washington 8 255 Wheeling, Va 32 St. Clairsville, 11 Morris Town 10 308 Washington 24 332 Cambridge..., 10 342 Zanesville...,, 25 New Lancaster 36 403 Tarlton 18 421 Chillicothe 16 437 By Marietta. Fairfax C. H., Va Centreville ,.,, 9 Goshen , 11 Middleburg 9 Paris .....12 Millwood 8 Battletown 8 Winchester 6 Cacapon River 20 Romney 25 Western Port, Md 26 Greenclad Creek. 15 Youghiogeny river 9 Cheat river 27 Gandaysville, Va -5 Clarkesburg --~ . .31 Marshyille -,*. -~- -.-. .23 Ohio river. . ... -.-.-. ...... .. . ..57 Marietta, Omb 1 317 Athens.-... ., ...... M ... ..40 4 382Dagsbury 19 133 195 Maysville, Ken 25 474 Accomac C. H 15 Washington 4 478 Northampton C. H 25 220 143Blue Licks 20 438JVorfolk 60 280 Paris 21 519 Portsmouth 1 281 164Lexington 22 541 Suffolk 28 309 297 Versailles 13 554 Constant, N. C 20 329 Frankfort .12 566 Mitchell 6 335 19 585Parker 5 340 Middfeton 20 GOSEdenton 17 357 62 Louisville, falls of Ohio . . .12 617 Cross Albemarle Sound to 72 Jeffersonville, In 1 618 Plymouth 18 375 84 Clarkesville 1 619 Washington 32 407 ncetmu 135 754 Newbern 35 442 Kaskaskia, II 146 900Trenton 20 462 Fort Charles 35 935 Humphreys 24 486 . Louis, Mo 22 957 Wilmington 56 .Charles 21 978Varennes 80 622 Georgetown, S. C 48 670 Washington to St. Louis and St. Charleston 62 732 Charles, by Shawneetown. Lexington, Ken 541 irdstown 67 608 Augusta, Oeo. to Lexington, Ken. Bealsburg 16 624 through the Cherokee nation. Elizabethtown 10 634 Hardensburg 37 671 Columbia C. H. Geo.. Yellow Bank 47 718 Ray s Mills 13 Green river 14 732 Washington 15 Henderson 21 753 Lexington 23 Morganfield 21 774 Athens 16 ~" wneetown, II 15 789 Clarkesborough 20 298 Salt Springs 12 801 Appalache river 22 287 Shai Big Muddy river 47 848 Enter Cherokee nation . Little Muddy river 10 858 Chatahouchee river 10 Beaucoup 93 106 35 50 73 89 109 131 141 11 869 Chestato river 5 146 367 Kaskaskia 49 917 Elawa river 18 164 Prairie du Rocher 14 931 Long Swamp 14 178 ahokia 47 978 Tocking Rock river 11 180 St. Louis, Mo. T 3 981 Oostanauieeriver,E.Branchl2 201 St. Charles 21 1002Vans , 17 218 Oostanaulee riv. W. branch 17 235 15 Washington to Nashville, Natchez, Amoy river 10 245 and New Orleans. Hiwassee river 8 253 35 Lexington, Ken 54lTellico 33 286 44 Nicholasville 14 555 Boundary of the Cherokee 56 Lancaster 15 570 nation 13 299 64 Stanford 19 580 Knoxmlle, Ten 27 326 72Greensburg 75 665 Rutledge 33 359 78 Crossing Little Barren river 12 667 Oresville 12 371 98 Blue Spring... 10 677 Tazewell 13 384 123 Glasgow 12 689 Powelsville 7 391 149 Cross Great Barren river... 29 718 Cumberland Gap 7 398 164 Bowling Green 4 722 Cumberland river, Ken 13 411 173 Crops Gasper river 14 736 Barbersville 14 425 Russellville 14 750 Riceton 23 448 205 Springfield, Ten 25 775 Hazlepatch 8 456 236 Nashville 30 805 Mount Vernon 17 473 259 BigHill 5 478 316 Philadelphia to Charleston, S. C., by Richmond 14 492 the coast. Kentucky river 10 502 357Darby,pa 7 J Lexington 1* 516 ADDITIONS. ACTON, t. York co. Me. Pop. 1,398. ADDISON, co. in the NE. part of Indiana. Pop. 1,000. Chief town, Fort Wayne. ALAQUA, t and cap. Walton co. West Florida, 161 m. W. from Tallahassee, and 1,011 from W. ALBION, t. Kennebec co. Me. Pop. 1,393. ALEXANDER, t. Washington co. Maine. Pop. 334. AMHERST, t. Hampshire co. Mass. Pop. 2,631. Commencement of the college is on the fourth Wednesday in August. There are three vacations in a year : the 1st, from com mencement, 4 weeks ; the 2d, from the 4th Wednesday in December, 6 weeks ; the 3d, from the 3d Wednesday in May, 3 weeks. The number of volumes in the libraries is 7,000. Here are likewise an academy, and a seminary called the Mount Pleasant Institu tion for the education of boys : it has 9 in structors, and is justly celebrated. See this article in the body of the book. ANDES, t. Delaware co. N. Y. Pop. 1,859. ANCRAM, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. 1,533. ANN ARBOR, t. and cap. of Washtenaw co. Mich. 42 m. from Detroit, on Huron river, ARKANSAS, co. in the E. part of Arkan- sas Territory. Pop. 1,423. Chief town, Ar kansas. ARKANSAS, t. and cap. of Arkansas co is situated on the N. side of Arkansas river, 114 m. below Little Rock. ATHENS, t. and cap. of M Minn co. Ten 153 m. SE. of Nashville, 20 E. of the Ten nessee river, and 572 from W. ATLAS, t. and cap. of Pike co. II. on the Mississippi river, 148 m. NW. of Vandalia and 929 from W. ATHENS, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 729. BEDFORD, v. and cap. of Bedford co. Pa Pop. in 1830, 869. BELLEFONTE, t. and cap. of Jackson co Al. 172 m. NE. from Tuscaloosa, and 686 m from W. BELLE FONTAINE, t. and cap. of Lo gan co. Ohio, 62 m. W. from Columbus, anc 458 from W. Pop. 266. BERRIEN, co. of Michigan. Pop. 323 Chief town, Niles. BLOOMINGTON, t. and cap. of M Lean co. II. BLOOMFIELD, t. Somerset co. Me. Pop 1,072. BLOOMING GROVE, t. Richland co. Ohio Pop. in 1830, 573. BLOUNTSVILLE, t. and cap. of Bloun -o. Al. 110 m. NE. from Tuscaloosa, and 748 romW. BOLIVAR, t. and cap. of Hardiman co. W. ennessee, 158 m. SW. from Nashville. BOLIVAR, t Jackson co. in the NE. cor- ler of Alabama, near the boundary of Ten. BLOOMFIELD, t. and cap. of Greene co. n. 76 m. SW. from Indianapolis, and 648 rom W. It is situated on White river. BOLIVAR, t. Monroe co. Mis. in the NE. >art of the State, a few miles E. of the Tom- >eckbe. BENTON, t. and cap. of Yazoo co. Mis. 64 m. NW. of Jackson, on the Yazoo river. BRANDON, t. and cap. of Rankin co. Mis. 6 m. NE. of Jackson, and 1,051 from W. BUCYRUS, t. Crawford co. Ohio, 60 m. N. from Columbus. Pop. 670. BULLET, co. Ken. See Bullitt. BOWLING GREEN, t. and cap. of Clay co. In. 69 m. SW. from Indianapolis, and 641 from W. CALHOUN, co. II. in the W. part of the state, on the Mississippi river. Chief town, Gilead. Pop. 1,090. CARLINEVILLE, t. and cap. Macaupin co. II. 95 m. NW. from Vandalia, 861 from W. CARLYLE, for "v. Washington co. II." read t. and cap. Clinton co. II. CARTHAGE, t. Oxford co. Me. Pop. 333. CHARLESTOWN, t. and cap. of Clarke co. In. 105 m. SE. from Indianapolis, and 583 from W. It is situated on the Ohio river, 13 m. below Bethlehem, and is a flourishing vil lage. CHESTER, t. and cap. Meigs co. Ohio, 94 m. SE. from Columbus, 343 from W. Pop. 164. COLUMBIA, t. and cap. of Boone co. Miso. 56 m. from Jefferson city, 24 E. from Frank lin, and 991 from W. COLUMBUS, t. and cap. of Bartholomew co. In. 41 m. S. from Indianapolis. COLUMBIA, t. and cap. of Marion co. Mis. 120 m. SE. of Jackson, on the E. side of Pearl river, 1,097 m. from W. COLUMBUS, t. and cap. of Lowndes co. Mis. 134 m. NE. of Jackson, on the river Tombeckbe, near the boundary of Alabama. It is 900 m. from W. COVINGTON, t. and cap. of Fountain co. In. 81 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 654 from W. It is on the E. side of the Wabash. CRAWFORDSVILLE, t. and cap. of Mont gomery co. In. 44 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 617 from W. It is on the direct road from Indianapolis to Covington. 470 ADDITIONS. DAMASCUS, t. and cap. of Henry co. Ohio, 161 m. from Columbus, and 485 from W. DANVILLE, t. and cap. of Vermilion co. II. 150 m. NE. from Vandalia, 683 from W. on Vermilion river, near the boundary of In diana. DECATUR, t and cap. of Macon co. II. on the Sangamon river, 70 m. N. of Vandalia, and 771 from W. DEFIANCE, t. and cap. of Williams co. Ohio, in the NW. corner of the state, 175 m. from Columbus, 511 from W. Pop. 52. DELLS, t. and cap. of Alachua co. Florida, 178 m. SE. from Tallahassee. DELPHI, t. and cap. of Carroll co. In. 88 m. from Indianapolis, and 661 from W. EDWARDSBURG, t and cap. of Cass co. Michigan, 169 m. from Detroit, and 643 from W. It is in the SW. part of the territory, near the boundary of Indiana. EQUALITY, t. and cap. of Gallatin co. II 137 m. SE. from Vandalia. FAYETTE, t. and cap. of Howard co. Miso. 65 m. N. from J. C. and 1,017 from W. FARMINGTON, t. and cap. of St. Fran- cois co. Miso. 152 m. SE. from J. C. and 912 from W. FERNANDINA, t. and cap. of Nassau co. Florida, in the NE. corner of the territory, at the mouth of St. Mary s river, 313 m. from Tallahassee, and 841 from W. FINDLAY, t. and cap. of Hancock co Ohio, 114 m. from Columbus, and 502 from W. Pop. 52. FULTON, t. and cap. of Calloway co. Miso 32 m. N. from J. C. and 967 from W. GALENA, t. and cap. of Joe Daviess co. II It is situated in the NW. corner of Illinois, on Fever river, a few miles from its mouth, an< was first settled in 1826. It was originatet by the extensive and rich lead-mines in its vicinity, and was an outpost of between 3 anc 400 miles advance into the wilderness, NW of St. Louis. The population now amounts to near 1,000 inhabitants. There are 42 stores and ware-houses, and about 250 dwelling houses. There is a weekly journal publishec here, and it has a court-house and jail. Fifty steam-boat arrivals are the annual average fo the two last years ; and about ten million pounds of lead are annually exported from thii place. The population in the vicinity is esti mated at 10,000. It is 326 m. NNW. fron Vandalia, about 350 from St. Louis, and 99( from W. GASCONADE, t. and cap. of Gasconade co. Miso. 47 m. E. from J. C. and 939 from W GILEAD, t. and cap. Calhoun co. II. sit uated between the Mississippi and Illinoi rivers, a few miles above their confluence. GREENE, t Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 85. GREENE, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 12 m. S from Norwich, 120 WSW. from Albany. Pop 2,962. GREENFIELD, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. li m. N. from Ballston, 36 N. from Albany Pop. 3,151. GREENFIELD, v. of Highland co, Ohio 2 m. W. from Chillicothe, and 74 NE. from Cincinnati. Pop. 390. GREENFIELD, t. and cap. of Hancock o. In. 21 m. E. from Indianapolis, and 552 romW. GREENFIELD, t. and cap. of Franklin o. Mass, on the W. bank of the Connecticut, 1 m. N. of Northampton, 95 WNW. of Bos. on, and 396 from W. The village is situated _ m. from the river, in a pleasant and fertile ract of country. It is handsomely built, and las considerable trade. Pop. 1,540. GREENFIELD, t. of Hillsborough co. . H. 14 m. NW. from Amherst, 35 SW. from Concord. Pop. 946. GREENLAND, t. of Rockingham co. N. H. S. of Great Bay, 5 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Lon. 70 51 W. ; lat. 43 3 N. Pop. 681. GREENOCK, t. and cap. of Crittenden co. Arkansas, 168 m. from Little Rock. It is sit uated on the Mississippi river, a few miles above Memphis, in Tennessee. GREEN RIVER, rises in Vermont, and joins Deerfield river, in Deerfield, Mass. GREENSBURG, t. and cap. of Decatur co. In. 98 m. SE. from Indianapolis, and 523 from W. Pop. 1,540. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. of Bond co. II. 20 m. SW. from Vandalia, and 801 from W. [t is on the great national road. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. of Wayne co. Miso. 200 m. SE. from J. C. and 908 from W. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. of Darke co. Ohio, in the western part of the state, 103 m. rom Columbus, and 501 from W. Pop. 160. HARRISBURG, t. and cap. of Conway co. Arkansas, 40 m. NW. from Little Rock, and 1,108 from W. HARDY, t. and cap. of Hardin co. Ohio, 36 m. from Columbus. HENNEPIN, t. and cap. of Putnam co. II. situated on the Illinois river. HILLSBOROUGH, t. and cap. of Mont, gomery co. II. 28 m. NW. from Vandalia, and 809 from W. HOLMESVALLEY, t and cap. Washing ton co. Florida, 121 m. W. from Tallahassee, and 971 from W. ILLINOIS STATE. The following coun ties have been formed since the last census, viz. Coles, in the E., chief town, Charleston ; Cook, in the NE., chief town, Chicago ; La Salle, in the N., chief town, Ottawa. INDIANA STATE. The following coun ties have been formed since 1830, viz. La Porte, in the NW., chief town, Michigan ; La Grange, in the NE. ; Huntington, NE. of the middle ; Miami, N. of the middle, chief town Miamisport ; Grant, in the middle, chief town Marion. INDEPENDENCE, t. and cap. of Jack- son co. Miso. 177 m. W. from J.C. and 1,129 from W. JACKSON, or Davidsonville, t. and cap. of Lawrence co. Ark. See Davidsonville. JACKSONAPOLIS, t. and cap. of Jackson co. Michigan, 88 m. W. from Detroit, and 563 from W. ADDITIONS. 471 JACKSONVILLE, t. and cap. of Duval co. Florida, 252 m. E. from Tallahassee, on the St. John s river, near its mouth. JACKSONVILLE, t. and cap. of Morgan co. II. It is 115 m. NW. from Vandalia, 837 from W. and about 12 E. of Naples, on the Illinois river, in a beautiful and healthy sec tion of country. It is the seat of Illinois Col lege, which was founded in 1829, and has a fund of 13,000 dollars, and has from 20 to 30 students. JEFFERSONTON, t. and cap. of Camden co. Geo. in the SE. part of the state, 212 m. from Milledgeville, and 744 from W. LAFAYETTE, t. and cap. of Tippecanoe co. In. 70 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 643 from W., on the Wabash. LEWISTOWN, t and cap. of Montgom ery co. Miso. 67 m. E. from J. C. and 932 fromW. LITCHFIELD, t. and cap. of Jackson co. Arkansas. LOGANSPORT, t and cap. of Cass co. In MACKINAC, t and cap. of Michillimacki- nac co. Michigan, 320 m. NW. from Detroit, and 847 from W. MACKINAW, t. and cap. of Tazewell co II. 149 m. N. from Vandalia, and 790 from W on Mackinaw river, which flows into the Illi nois river. MARIANNA, t. and cap. of Jackson co West Florida, 77 m. NW. from Tallahassee 927 from W. MAYSVILLE, t. and cap. of Clay co. II 46 m. SE. from Vandalia, and 740 from W. M CONNELSVILLE, t. and cap. of Mor gan co. Ohio, 70 m. SE. from Columbus, an< 340 from W. Pop. 267. MENOMINIE, t. and cap. of Brown co Michigan, on the W. side of Winnebago Lake MICHIGAN TERRITORY. There have been formed in this territory, since the census of 1830, 24 counties, viz. Lapeer, E. of the middle ; Sanilac, in the NE. ; Shiwassee, in the middle ; Saginaw, N. of middle ; Hillsdale S. of middle; Jackson, S. of middle; Ingham S. of middle ; Branch, S. ; Calhoun, SW. o! middle; Eaton, SW. of middle; Kalamazoo W.; Barry, SW.; Allegan, SW.; Ottawa SW. ; Oceana, W. ; Montcalm, W. of middle Isabella, NW.; Gratiot, in the middle; Mid land, N. of middle : Gladwin, N. of middle Aranac, NE. ; Kent, SW. ; Ionia, in the mic die ; and Clinton, in the middle. MICCOTOWN, t and cap. of Hamilton co Florida. MIDDLETOWN, t. and cap. of Henry co Illinois. MILLERSBURG, t. and cap. of Holmes co Ohio, in the middle part of the state, 8( from Columbus, and 341 from W. Pop. 319. MISSOURI STATE. The following coun ties have been formed since the last census viz. Audrain, in the E. ; Clarke, in the NE. Lewis, in the NE., chief town, La Gran Ripley, in the SW. ; and Stoddard, in the i MONTICELLO, t. and cap. of Jetferso co. Florida, 29 m. NE. from Tallahassee. MORTONSVILLE, t. Woodford co. Ken. m. S. from Frankfort. MUNCYTOWN, t. and cap. of Delaware o. In. 59 m. NE. from Indianapolis, and 546 rom W. It is situated on White river, in the ^. part of the state. NASHVILLE, t. and cap. of Washington o. II. a few miles S. of Covington. NEWARK, t. Essex co. N. J. Pop. 10,953. see this article in the body of the work. NEW LISBON, t. and cap. of Columbiana o. Ohio. Pop. 1,138. NEWMARKET, t. Washington co. Ken. 5 m. S. from Frankfort, and 600 from W. op. 43. NEWPORT, t. and cap. of Vermillion co. ndiana, 86 m. W. from Indianapolis, and 658 rom W. NEW MEXICO, t. Washington co. Mis. xn the Mississippi river. NILES, t. and cap. of Berrien co. Michi- gan, 179 m. from Detroit, and 651 from W. t is on St. Joseph s river, near the SW. corner )f Michigan. NORTH LIBERTY, t. Jessamine co. Ken. Pop. 62. NORWICH, t. and cap. of Chenango co. N. Y. Pop. 3,774. See this article in the jody of the book. PADUCAH, t. M Cracken co. Ken. 279 m. SW. from Frankfort, 817 from W. Pop. 105. PATTERSON, t. Essex co. N. J. Pop. 7,731. See this article in the body of the book. PEORIA, co. and t. N. part of Illinois. PITCHER, t. Chenango co. N. Y. Pop. 1,214. PRINCETON, t and cap. of Washington co. Mis. 119 m. NW. of Jackson, and 1,154 from W. SAL VISA, t. Mercer co. Ken. 21 m. S. from Frankfort, and 572 from W. Pop. 78. SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. of Sangamoin co. II. 79 m. NW. from Vandalia, and 867 from W. ST. MARY S, t. and cap. of Mercer co. Ohio, in the W. part of the state, 1 11 m. from Columbus, and 508 from W. Pop. 92. SYDNEY, t. and cap. of Shelby co. Ohio, 86 m. NW. from Columbus, and 482 from W. Pop. 240. TARECOOPY, t. and cap. of St. Joseph co. in the N. part of Indiana. THORNTOWN-, t. and cap. of Boon co. In. 62 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 620 from W. VERMILLIONVILLE, t. and cap. of La- fayette co. La. 192 m. W. from New Orleans, and 1,351 from W. VILLEMONT, t. and cap. of Chicot co. Arkansas, in the SE. part of the territory, 184 m. from Little Rock, and 1,134 from W. WAPAGHKONETTA, t. and cap. of Al len co. in the W. part of Ohio, 110 m. from Columbus, and 507 from W. WATERLOO, t. in Canada, on Niagara river, opposite Black Rock. WEBBVILLE, t. Jackson co. Florida. ZOAR, t. Berkshire co. Mass. Pop. 129. THE END.